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THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
A
TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
OF
SCOTLAND AND THE BRITISH ISLES
N. B. These Volumes, being complete in themselves, are sold separately :
But they are also intended to form Fiftli and Sixth Volumes to The Dictionary
OF England, Ireland, and Wales, recently published by the same Author, in
Four Volumes, Quarto.
V2,
«*
ilupxa-ved "by T Bar'ber.
'&S®:Eii&IS SlfigSElf, ST.AH®iSEW'g ■SMB!EfiiM,&lL>? IfiJliryiEjlLB'S Mc&SWMEH^.
EBINBU EC, H,
/3/
A
TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
OF (t
SCOTLAND,
AND OF
THE ISLANDS IN THE BRITISH SEAS;
EXHIBITING
The Names of the several Cities, Royal Burghs, Parishes, Villages, and Islands, with the Shire,
and Division of the Shire, in which they are situate. — The Stipend of each Benefice, the
present condition of the Manse and Church, the extent of the Glebe, the Patrons, and tlie
Presbytery, and Synod to which they respectively belong. — ^The Resident Population, according
to the Returns made to Parliament, in 1801, and also, in 181 1. — The Distance and Bearing of
every Place from the nearest Post-Office, and of the Post-Offices from the Metropolis. — Markets,
and Fairs. — Members of Parliament, and Corporations. — Parochial Schools, and Schools estab-
lished by The Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge. — Circuit Courts of Justiciary. —
To which are added. The quality of the Soil, and the state of Agriculture, Roads, Bridges,
Ferries, and Canals, and a Variety of Historical Information, Subjects of Antiquity, Monastic
Foundations, and peculiar Customs. Compiled from the most authentic Documents, and
arranged in Alphabetical Order.
BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
BY NICHOLAS CARLISLE,
FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON,
AND ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN TO HIS MAJESTY
VOL. JI.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR G. AND VV.NICOL, BOOKSELLERS TO HIS MAJESTY, PALL-MALL J
AND BELL AND BRADFUTE, BOOKSELLERS, EDINBURGH ;
By W. BULMKR AND CO., CLK VELAND-KOW, ST. JAMEs's.
1813.
.^^
TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
OF
SCOTLAND.
HaAY, isle, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it
constitutes part of the Parish of Harris, and is situate in the Sound. It is unin-
habited.
HAB or HOB-CHESTER, vide MORDINGTON.
HACK-SHAW, V. TWEEDS-MUIR.
HADDO, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of Aberdeen ; and in the Parish
of Methlick. It is 2 m. N. b. E. from Tarves. Here is the noble Mansion, and
extensive Estate of The Earl of Aberdeen, to whom it gives the title of Baron.
HADDO, HOUSE, t;. FORGUE.
HADINGTON, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate
in the Shire of Hadington : a Collegiate Charge ; the Stipend of the First
Minister, in 1811, being 48 bolls of wheat, 48 bolls of barley, and £'41.. 15. .5.
Sterling, including £'8..6..S. for Communion elements ; the Stipend of the
Second Minister being 16 bolls of wheat, 32 bolls of barley, and £50. Sterling ;
both Ministers have manses, and glebes, but the First Minister's glebe is a very
small one, amounting only to three acres and a half: Patron, The Earl of Hope-
toun : The Parish Church is a large and venerable structure : it was formerly
the Church of The i^rancwcflM Monastery, and, from the style of architecture,
appears to have been built about the Twelfth or Thirteenth Century : only the
West end is used for Divine Worship, the remainder of the edifice being
unroofed, and going fast to ruin : in the Aisle is the burying-place of the family
of Maitland, who, for many ages, possessed the estate of Lethington, now the
VOL. 11. B
HAD
properly of Lord Blantyre : there are several marble Statues, as large as life,
of The Dukes of Lauderdale, lying- on slabs of slate; and the Monument of
John Maitland, Baron of Thirlstane, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, is
gTaced by an Epitaph composed by his Royal Master James the Sixth, In the
Town is a very elegant Chapel, for those of the Episcopal Communion, which
was built in 1765, by private Subscription. It is in the Presbytery of Hadington,
and Synod of Lothian and Tvveeddale. The Resident Population of this Town,
and Parish, (comprising the Suburbs o^Nimgate, and Gifford-gate) was 4049,
and, in 1811, was 4370. It is 16 m. E. from Edinburgh, and 373 m. N. from
London. The Market is on Friday, for corn, and is perhaps the largest in
Scotland. The Fairs are holden on the second Tuesday in July, and the second
Thursday in October. It is a Burgh of great antiquity ; and is governed by a
Provost, two Merchant Baillies, one Trades' Baillie, a Dean of Guild, a Trea-
surer, eleven Merchant Counsellors, one Trades' Counsellor, and seven Deacons
of Crafts. The Revenues of the Town, arising chiefly from the rent of the Mills,
petty Customs, and feu duties of Glades-Muir, amount to about £400. per
annum. Hadington, in conjunction with the Royal Boroughs of Jedburgh, North
Bei'wick, and Lauder, send one Member to Parliament. It is a neat, well built
Town, situate on the banks of the river Tyne ; and consists of four streets, inter-
secting each other at nearly right angles ; having a neat Town-House, built
after a design of the late William Adam, Esq., in 1748; and a large and com-
modious School, with suitable Lodgings for the Masters, and excellent accom-
modation for Boarders. There is no legal Parochial School : the Salaries of
the teachers of Public Grammar, and the English School, being paid wholly by
the Town Council, out of the Revenue of the Burgh : the Salary of the Rector
of the Grammar School is 400 merks Scotch, and that of the Master of the
English School, to which the Office of Music Master is conjoined, is about £15.
Sterling. The Public Roads are good ; but many of the Private Roads are in
bad repair, owing to the nature of the soil, which is in general clayey, and to the
great scarcity of materials in many parts of the County. It is a General Post-
Officc Town : and here the Sheriff's, and County Courts are holden. In May
1598, about a third part of the Town was accidentally burned : and, on the 4th
ofOclobcr, 1775, the Tyne rose seventeen feet perpendicular above its usual
level, when the whole Subuvb oi Nmigate, and more than half of the Town, were
laid under water. In former times it was strongly fortified, and there are
several remains of the ancient forliOcations. It was also, for ages, a sort of
HAD
Commercial Metropolis, vvlicrc llic Court o^ Hie Four Boroiifjhs assembled,
imder the Chamberlain, to decide on the disputes of traffic. This Parish con-
tains about 12,000 acres of land. The river Tyne flows through it from East
to West, and nearly divides it into two equal parts : towards the West, where
the Parish borders with Glades-Muir, the soil is exceedingly barren and unpro-
ductive : about 1000 acres, which formerly belonged to the Burgh as a Com-
monty, have been acquired by Mr. Buchan, of Latham, who has planted them
with oak and other trees, which are in general in a thriving condition : except
this District, and a portion of the Garleton Hills, and the Estate of Coalston, the
whole of the Parish is arable, well inclosed, and in a high state of cultivation.
It has been the most prevailing opinion, that the celebrated John Knox was
born at Giff'ord, a village in East Lothian : but, the tradition of the country
fixes his birth at Hadington. The House, in which he is said to have been born,
is still shown by the Inhabitants, in one of the suburbs of the Town, called TJie
Giff'ord- Gate. This House, with some adjoining acres of land, continued to be
possessed by the family until about 50 years ago, when it was purchased from
them by The Earl of Wemyss. About a mile Eastward from the Town, are the
ruins of the Nunnery, from which the Suburb called Nungate, or The Abbey,
derives its name ; it is connected with the Town by a bridge of three arches : This
Monastery was founded by Ada, mother of Malcolm the Fourth, in 1178 : and,
at the time of the Reformation, its Revenues were very considerable : it was
soon after erected into a Lordship, in favour o{ 5 on-a Master of Lauderdale : it
was at this Abbey that Parliament was convened on the 7th of July 1548,
during the siege of Hadington, which gave consent to the marriage of Queen
Mary with the Datiphin, and her education at the Court of France. There are
several beautiful Seats in the neighbourhood. Mr. Grose has preserved a view^
of the Church, the Choir of which was called Lucerna Laudoniee, because of its
beautiful structure ; it was defaced by Edward the First. The ground adjoin-
ing to the Church-yard is still denominated The Friars' Croft. According to
Mr. Chalmers, James tlie Sixth seems to have conferred on the Corporation of
Hadington, " the office o{ Sherefscip' , within its limits. It continued a Con-
stabidary at the Restoration, and, perhaps, throughout the reign of Charles the
Second. It was a Sheriffdom, at the Revolution ; and it continued so, until
1748. Soon after the Revolution, John, the second Marquis of Tweeddale,
was appointed Sheriff- Principal of Hadington ; a trust, which he continued to
execute, till his deatli, in 171?,. On the 9th of January 1716, Thomas,
B2
HAL
Earl of Hadington, was apjjointed Sheriff of this Shire, during the King's
pleasure ; but was continued till his decease, in 1735. As this trust was
not Hereditary, it could not be claimed, when such Jurisdictions were to be
resumed by purchase, in 1748. Hadington gives the title of Earl to the Ancient
and Noble family of Hamilton, one of the Sixteen Representative Peers for
North Britain, in the Imperial Parliament. See, Binnmg. Soon after Oliver
Cromwei,l had gained the decisive victory at Dunbar, a Philip Stampfield, who
had holden the rank of Colonel in his army, came down to this Shire, and com-
menced the woollen manufacture in the neighbourhood of Hadington, under the
countenance and encouragement of The Protector. It appears that Colonel
Stampfield continued to carry on tliis manufacture after the Restoration, as the
Statute Book acquaints us, that the Parliament of Scotland granted him certain
immunities and privileges in the reign of Charles the Second : that Prince also
conferred upon him the Honour of Knighthood. But, horrible to relate ! Sir
Philip Stampfield died a violent death in 1687, by the hands of his Son. A
manufacture of coarse woollen cloth is still carried on in the Town, and Suburbs.
HADINGTON, SHIRE, or EAST LOTHIAN. This Shire lies along
that part of the South bank of the Firth of Forth, where it falls into the German
Ocean, and which, from the breadth of it, may be called more properly an ai'm
of the sea. It is from 24 to 27 miles in length, and from 10 to 15 miles in
breadth. The climate is comparatively mild and temperate; aud the soil is ex-
ceedingly fertile, and highly cultivated. It abounds with excellent coal, lime-
stone, and free-stone. The Resident Population of this Shire, in 1801, was
29,986, and, in 1811, was 31,164. It sends one Member to Parliament. Its
criminal Trials are holden at Edinburgh.
HAF-GRUNIE, ISLE, v. UNST, ISLAND.
HAILES, V. COLLINGTON.
HAILES CASTLE, v. PRESTON-KIRK.
HAINING, V. SELKIRK.
. HAIR-STANES, v. KIRK-URD.
HALF-MORTON, in the Shire of Dumfries: a Chapelry to the Parish of
Langholm ; the Minister of which place performs Divine Service here, every
fourtli Sunday. It is in the Presb;y"tery of Langholm, and Synod of Dumfries,
Tfie Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801 , was 497, and, in 1811, was 510.
It is 8 m, S, S. W. from Langholm. About the beginning of the Seventeenth
Century, the Parish of Morton in Annan-Dale, (from which the Noble Family
II A L
of Morton, it is said, derive their title, and not from Morton in Nitlis-dale, as is
commonly supposed), was supptressed, and one /<«//" of it annexed to Wauchopc,
then a very small Parish, which annexation still continues by the name of Half-
Morton: the other half was united to Canoby. Tliis District is about four miles
square: but, by the intervention of Middlebie on the North, and Canoby on the
North- East, it is entirely separated from Langholm, to which, notwithstanding
so strange and awkward a connexion, it has now been annexed for upwards of
two centuries. Along the banks of the rivers Sark, and Logan, the soil is rich,
and productive, and is well sheltered by large and thriving plantations. The
Climate is rainy, but not unhealthy. Except two Farms which belong to tlie
PuLTENEY Family, Sir William Maxwell, Bart., o{ Spring hell, is the sole Pro-
prietor of this Parish: by whose patriotic exertions, good roads and other con-
siderable improvements have been made here. See, Wauchope.
HALGREEN, v. CANOBY.
HALIBURTON HOUSE, v. KETTINS.
HALKERTON, v. LAURENCE KIRK.
HALKIRK, in the Shire of Caithnkss : formerly a Chapelry, with the ancient
Vicarage of Skinnet united, about the time of the Reformation : tlie Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 2 clialders of meal, and 2 chalders of bear, £600. Scotch,
and £30. Scotch for Communion elements : the glebe is, on the whole, very
good land, but considerably short of the minimum, and there is great reason
to believe that it has been encroached upon by the adjacent tenants in
time of vacancies, and has never been inquired into : Patron, Sir John Sin-
clair, Bart., of Ulbster, who is also Proprietor of much more than one half
of the Parish, and Superior of a considerable part of it besides his own
property : The Church, and manse, are both in bad repair. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Caithness, and Synod of Caithness and Sutherland. The Resident
Population of the United Parishes, in 1801, was 2545, and, in 1811, was 2532.
It is 7 m. S. b. E. from Thurso. This Parish is 24 miles in length, and from 7
to 12 miles in breadth. The soil is in general good, consisting in some parts of
a clay or loam, with a mixture of moss ; and in others gravelly, on a cold rocky
bottom. The surface is rather flat ; for, although there are several hills, yet they
are of no considerable height, and gently slope from their summits to the adja-
cent plains, especially in the lower end of the Parish. The climate is cold, and
variable, but not unhealthy. There are no less than 24 great and small Lakes:
the most considerable of which are the Lochs of Cathel, Leurary, Loch-More,
and Locii-Meady ; but the largest is that of Cathel, which is 3 miles long, and
II A L
2 miles broad : they all abound with excellent trout, and eels of different kinds
and sizes : from Loch-More the beautiful river TImrso principally originates,
over which there is a good Bridge of three arches, in the neighbourhood of the
Church. The principal Hill is that oi Spital, from whence is a grand and ex-
tensive prospect ; it derives its name from a Religious House, situate at its base,
called The Hospital, which was dedicated to St. Magnus, and with the surround-
ing lands belonged at first to The Knights' Templars, and afterwards to the
Order of St. John of Jerusalem : on its suppression, it was annexed to the Dio-
cese of Orkney, and is still on the books of the Exchequer as a part of that See.
Game, of all kinds, abound here. In the Highlands of the Parish is a Mission-
House, at the distance of 9 miles from the Church, where the Minister was wont
to preach every fourth Sunday as a voluntary deed, if not prevented by bad wea-
ther ; an excellent Dwelling-house has lately been built there, and the Society
for propagating Christian Knowledge have established a Missionary for the two
Parishes of Halkirk and Latheron. The Salary of the Parocliial School, which
is taught by an excellent master, is 300 merks, and perquisites. The Society
have also a School here ; but another of the same kind is necessary for this exten-
sive and populous Parish, if it can be obtained. There are the remains of several
Chapels, especially of one at Westfield, called St. Trostan ; at Olgany Beg,
called St. Peter ; at Deal, at Sibster, and at Banniskirk. The Castle or Tower
ofBraal, which stands on an eminence, at a short distance from the river TImrso,
was of old a capital Seat of the Harolds Earls of Caithness; it is one of the
finest edifices in this Shire, and is remarkable for its massive construction, and
its extensive gardens : it now belongs to the Family of Ulbster ; as does also
Dirlet Castle^ which is situate on a steep, high rock in the Highlands : it was
built by the Sutherlands, and after their forfeiture, was given to the ancestor
of Lord Reay. About 8 miles above Dirlet, stood Loch-More Castle, j ust on the
brink of the Lake of the same name, and was the Hunting Seat "of Ronald Chein:
And near the Loch of Cathel are the awful remains of a very large fabrick, at a
place called Achnavarn. The Erse, and English languages are both spoken
here. The 3Iills, in some parts of the Parish, are said to be, " a very great and
shameful grievance." Personal Services are exacted here. Various battles have
been fought here, and there are several sepulchral monuments, especially at /ian-
gag. There are likewise many Pictish houses along the shore ; but they are now
all in ruins. A General Post-Office is established at The Bridge o{ Halkirk,
HALL-BAR, CASTLE, v. BR AD WOOD.
HAM
HALLBEATH, in the District of Diinfeimlin, and Sliire of Fife ; in the
Parish of Dunfermlin. This is a small Village, at the distance of 3 m. N. E.
from Dunfermlin. Here is an extensive Colliery, vvhicli was formerly worked
by a Dutch Company ; and from whence there is an excellent cast-iron Rail-
way to Inver-Keithing, where the coals are shipped. It is tlie property of Dr.
William Scott.
HALL-CRAIG, v. CARLUKE.
HALL-DYKES, v. DRYFE'S-DALE.
HALL-GUARDS, v. HODDOM.
HALL-HILL, v. NEWBURN.
HALLTO WN, afcs SKARDY, in the Shire of Cromarty, though locally
situate in the Shire of Ross ; and in the Parish of Tain. It is 1 m. S. b. E. from
Tain. See, Cromarty.
HALLYARDS, v. AUCHTERTOUL.
HALTREES, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Heriot. It is
5 m. N. b. W.from Stage-Hall. This estate is situate on the South side oi Heriot
water : and upon it there was formerly a Chapel, now in ruins.
HALYBURTON, in the Shire of Berwick : a Chapelry, anciently valued at
four merks, and appendent to the Rectory of Greenlaw. It is situate upon the river
Blackadder, at the distance of 3 m. N. W. from Greenlaw. It furnished the
title of Baron, in 1401, to Sir Walter Halyburton, who had the honour of
being one of the many Hostages for James the First. See, Greenlaw.
HALYHILL, v. FORTEVIOT.
HAM, or HOLM, v. DUNNET.
HAMER, V. THURSO.
HAMER, V. WHITE-KIRK.
HAMILTON, anciently CADZOW, a Borough of Regality, having separate
Jurisdiction, locally situate in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark : formerly
a Collegiate Church ; the Stipend of the First Minister, before the late augmen-
tation, was 8 chalders of victual, £41. .13.. 4. in money, £20. for the glebe
(which is now included in The Duke of Hamilton's pleasure ground), and a
certain sum paid annually by way of rent for a manse, and garden : the Stipend
of the Second Minister, before the late augmentation, was 6 chalders of meal,
and £33.. 6. .8. in money, with a free house and garden, but no glebe: The
Duke of Hamilton is Patron of both these Benefices : The Church, which is
situate on the rising ground above the Town, is a handsome building, after a
HAM
design of the Elder Adams, in 1732. It is in the Presbytery of Hamilton, and
Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this TovA'n, and Par-
ish, in 1801, was 5908, and, in 1811, was 6453. It is 38 ra. W. S. W. from
Edinbiiroflj. The Market is well supplied. The Fairs are holdeu on the last
Tuesday, O. S., in January, on the second Thursday in February, on the Friday
after the 15th of May, O. S., tlielast Thursday, O. S., in June, the second Thurs-
day in July, the second Thursday, O. S., in August, and the second Thursday,
O. S. , in November. It is pleasantly situate near the confluence of the river Avon
with the Clyde, and is a handsome, though irregularly built Town. In 1456, it
was erected into a free Burgh of Barony : in 1548 Queen Mary created it a free
Royal Burgh ; but the rights and privileges thus acquired from the Crown, were
resigned into the hands of William and Anne, Duke and Duchess of Hamilton,
after the Restoration ; who, in 1670, restored to the Community its former pos-
sessions, and erected it into a Burgh o^ Regality, dependent upon them and their
successors : in which state it still remains. A General Post-Oflfice is estab-
lished iiere. In the middle of the Town is a neat Town- house and Prison. The
Magistrates are indefatigable in the honourable discliarge of their duty, and in
the improvement of the place. The Residence of the Noble Family of Hamilton
necessarily renders it a gay town ; and its Races are among the best attended
in the West of Scotland. The principal manufactures are those of linen, and
cabinet work. The Grammar School is most deservedly in high repute. Here
are two Hospitals for the reception of 12 old men, endowed by the Family of
Hamilton, and Mr. Airman. Hamilton House or Palace, although a very su-
perb building, is a heavy one, and seems to have been erected at different
periods ; some of the apartments are very large, particularly the gallery, in which
are some excellent Paintings, decidedly the best in Scotland. In the middle of
the great Park, about a mile from the Town, and on a rock overhanging the
West bank of the Avon, stand the ruinous remains of Cadzoio Castle, the an-
cient Manor House, when the circumjacent Barony was known by the name of
Cadzow : having been surrendered to the Regent Murray on the 19th of
May 1579, it was entirely demolished by order ot tlie King iind Council. Upon
the opposite side of the Avon, stands a showy bui ding, in imitation of a ruin,
executed from a design of the. Elder Adams : it was built by The Duke of Hamil-
ton, ill 1730, and is .said to have been intended as a representation of the Castle
of Chattelheraidt in Normandy, from which the Dukes of Hamilton have the
title of Duke of Chatteluerault iu France. The Parish of Hamilton is about
II A R
6 miles in length, and 5 miles in breadth. The soil is in general good : but,
upon the whole, it is rather a beautiful than a fertile District, and cultivation has
been more successful in enriching the Scenery, than in multiplying the annual
productions. Coals, lime-stone, iron-stone, and free-stone, are in abundance.
The climate is healthy. The Public roads, and bridges, are in bad repair. The
Duke of Hamilton is Proprietor of more than one-half of the Parish, and the
remainder is holden of His Grace in feu. The late celebrated William Cullen,
M, D., was a native of this place. The Collegiate Church was founded in the
year 1451, by Sir James Hamilton, of Cadzoiv, ancestor to the Dukes of
Hamilton, for a Provost, and several Prebendaries : it stood close to the Palace,
and was highly ornamented in the Gothic style : but it is now all pulled down,
except the aisle, which covers the family burying vault : Mr. Gkose has pre-
served a view of it. Hamilton gives the title of Duke to the Ancient and Illus-
trious Family of Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton in Scotland, Chattelherault
in France, and Duke of Brandon, and Baron Dutton, in England, &c.. Here-
ditary Keeper of The Palace of Holyrood-House.
HAMILTON FARM, in the Under Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the
Parish of Rutherglen. This is the Estate, and elegant Mansion of William
Somerville, Esq.
HANDA, ISLAND, off the Western Coast of Sutherland ; and in the
Parish of Edderachy lis. It is separated from the Mainland by a narrow Sound,
through which vessels occasionally pass with good Pilots. This Island is a
mile square, having some fertile spots, productive of corn and hay ; but it is
principally appropriated to a sheep walk. On the North side, it is one tremen-
dous rock, which, during the season of incubation , is frequented by prodigious
numbers of sea fowls of all kinds. It is inhabited, and is rented at about £12.
Sterling per annum. This was once the residence of Little John Mac Dhoil
Mliich Hnishdan, one of the Macleods, of Assint, and the murderer of Judge
MoRisoN, of Letcis, in the reign of James the Sixth.
HANGING-SHAW, v. YARROW.
HANNAKAP, in the Shire of Cromarty, though locally situate in the Shire
of Ross : it constitutes part of the Parish of Loch Broom, and is situate on the
Northern bank of the river Shallag.
HARBOUR CRAIG, v. LINTON.
HARDEN, V. MERTOWN.
HARDGATE, v. ABERDEEN, OLD.
VOL. II. C
H A R
HARDIES MILL PLACE, v. HOME.
HARDMOOR, v. DYKE.
HARE FAULDS, v. KIRK-BUDDO.
HARELAW-HILL, v. CANOBY.
HARLAI-MUIR, v. LINTON.
HARLAW, V. GARIOCH.
HARLAW, V. MAXWELL.
HAROLDSWICK, BAY, v. UNST, ISLAND.
HARRA, in the Island of Pomona, and in the Shire of Orkney and Shet-
land : formerly a Vicarage, united to the ancient Vicarage of Birsa: the glebe
is valued at £50. Scotch: The Church of Harra was thoroughly repaired, in
1778, but it has not had any thing done to it lately. It is in the Presbytery of
Cairston, and Synod of Orkney. The Resident Population of the Parish of
Harra, in 1801, was 725, and, in 1811, was 691. Here is a School, which is
supported partly by a mortification left by Nicol Spence, and partly by a small
gratuity given by the Society for propagating Christian Knowledge ; the Salary
is £'10., together with some small perquisites. See, Birsa.
HARRIS, or NA HERADH, i. e. The Merries or Heights, a District of the
Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : Here are seven stated places of Public
Worship ; the two nearest each other being 9 miles distant, and the two most re-
mote, 36 miles ; there is a Missionary, supported by the Committee of the General
Assembly for managing the Royal Bounty, and settled in the Northern District,
who has to officiate in three of these places ; the fixed Pastor attends the other four ;
there are two Churches of stone and lime with slated roofs ; the one at Rowd-
/(«7/ having been repaired, and the other built, by the late Alexander Macleod,
Esq., ofit/ac^eot/, the Patron and sole Heritor : the Stipend, in 1811, was 1000
merks Scotch:H\\e Teinds were valued in 1754: the glebe islet at £5.per annum,
and the Incumbent accommodates himself with a comfortable Farm-house in
lieu of a manse: By an old standing regulation, the Inhabitants of the two
Southennnost Islands, Pabay and Berneray, have a right to the attendance of
the Minister for Public Worship, only once a quarter ; and the access to these
Islands, from the Main-land of Harris, where he resides, is so difficult and pre-
carious, that, in the Winter season especially, they are frequently disappointed.
It is in the Presbytery of Uist, and Synod of Inverness. The Resident Population
of this Parish was.
1
II A R
In 1801. In 1811.
For the First or Southern District, comprehending"
the Isles of Berncray, Ensay, Killigray, and Pabay ; V 1932
and the Mainland of Harris within Tarbert
Fertile Second or Northern District, comprehending "j
The Forest of Harris, and the Isles of Scalpay, Scarp, > 1064
and Taransay - _ - _ _ _ J
2996. 3569.
y 3569
The Parish of Harris constitutes the Southern Part of Lewis, from which it is
separated by an Isthmus of about 6 miles, that is formed by the approximation
of the two great Harbours, Loch Resort, and Loch Seqforth. It is the highest
and most mountainous part of The Long Island ; its Eastern coast being washed
by the Channel, which separates The Long Island from Skye and the Continent :
its Western coast is washed by the Great Atlantic Ocean, and, on the Southern
extremity, it is bounded by the Parish of North Uist, from which it is separated
by a narrow Sound, running between the Island of Berneray and North Uist,
called Caolas Uist, i. e. Tfie Sound of Uist. The whole length may be estimated
at 25 or 26 miles : its breadth is extremely various, being intersected by several
arms of the sea : but it generally extends from 6 to 8 miles. Harris is again
naturally divided into two Districts, by two arms of the sea, called East and West
Loch Tarbert, which approaching to one another, leave an Isthmus of not more
than a Quarter of a mile in breadth. — The Northern District, between Tarbert
and Lewis, is termed The Forest, though without a tree or shrub, because it is
the resort of the Deer, and is alleged to liave been a Royal Forest ; its surface
is exceedingly mountainous, the summits rising in the roughest and most broken
appearance ; the vallies contain some pasture, and coarse grass is also found
growing in the interstices of the mountains. Along the Eastern and Western
shores, there are numbers of creeks and inlets of the Sea, most of them commo-
dious Harbours, at each of which small Colonies of Tenants contrive, by a vast
exertion of industry, to raise crops from a soil of the most forbidding aspect. —
The Southern District, within Tarbert, is much of the same appearance as the
Northern, but the hills are not so elevated, and the coasts are better adapted for
culture, and are consequently better peopled. — The District of Harris can never
be enriched by agriculture ; the soils now under culture are, in general, poor;
and, of the waste lands, the far greater part will entirely baffle the art of the
C 2
H A R
Husbandman for ever. The manure chiefly used is Sea-weed, of which great
quantities are cast ashore by the Winter storms in the South Islands, and in a
few places on the West of Harris within Tarbert, and in Taransay. There is
neither lime-stone, nor marie, in the Parish, nor in any part of The Long Island.
Kelp is the staple, and, excepting the few Cows sold to the drovers, the only
valuable article of exportation which the District produces ; the quantity made
being about 450 tons. The Baron-Baillie Court of Macleod, the Chief, is the
only Court of Justice in the Parish. The coasts abound with fish of all kinds ;
and the flocks of aquatic birds are so prodigious, and various, that the names of
many of them are unknown : game is also in great plenty. Here are several
Chalybeate springs. The Mountains, without doubt, contain many fossil trea-
sures : but no mineral of value, except some iron and copper ore, has been
discovered : granite, and freestone, abound in every part. There are many
monuments of Druidism ; and several ancient Religious edifices, erected about
the time of the introduction of Christianity among the Scottish and Pictish
nations. The Churches of more modern date are called after Saints, whose
names are well known in the Roman calendar, viz., St. Bride, St. Rufus,
St. Luke, and St. Mary : and, these, together with the smaller Chapels belonging
to them, all seem to have depended immediately on the Priory of Canons
Regular at Rowdhill, dedicated to St. Clement, and which, though its foundation
be attributed to Macleod, of Harris, is generally supposed to be of more
ancient date. The Salary, and emoluments of the Parochial School at Rowd-
hill, are about £'20. per annum : And the benevolent and patriotic Society for
propagating Christian Knowledge have erected there a Seminary of Female
industry. The Climate is healthy. The Gaelic is universally spoken here. —
The Sound of Harris, which is a navigable Channel, between the Islands of
Harris and North Uist, is 9 miles in length, and the same in breadth : it is the
only passage for vessels of burden, going from the East to the West side of that
long cluster of Islands, called The Long Island: it is much encumbered with
rocks and small Isles ; but, with a skilful Pilot, can be passed in safety. The
fish in this Sound are of a greater size, and more numerous, than in' other parts
of the Islands, and on this account it was made one of the Fishing Stations,
begun in the reign of Charles the First, but unfortunately relinquished in the
reign of Charles the Second. Of the Uninhabited Isles, belonging to the
Northern District, several small ones are placed round the Bays and Harbours
of Scalpay, and along all the Creeks of the East coast of Harris; lliese are
H A T
Fladday, G'aaskeir, Isay, Skeotisvay, and Mickle and Lillle Soay. — Of the
Uninhabited Isles, belonging to the Southern District, some are of consider-
able extent : a few of them may measure a mile in length, and about half a mile
in breadth. They are covered with heath, and moss, and afford pretty good
Summer pasturage. The shores are lined witli Sea-weed. The Inhabitants of
Berneray, Ensay, Killigray, and Pabay, repair to them with their families and
cattle, in the season for the manufacture of kelp. Here most of them get peats
for fuel, there being no moss in any of the Inhabited Islands of this District,
except Killigray ; and, to procure this necessary article, some of them have to go
through a most dangerous navigation, the distance of almost three leagues. The
names of the largest are Copay, Gillisay, Groay, Haay, Hermitray, Hulmitray,
Lingay, Neartay, Opsay, Saartay, Sagay, Scarvay, Skeilay, Stromay, Suursay,
Torogay, Vaaksay, andYoterss.y, See, Long Island, and Skye, Isle.
HARTFELL, MOUNTAIN, and HARTFELL SPAW, v. MOFFAT.
HART-FIELD, v. TWEEDS-MUIR.
HARTHOPE, in the Shire of Lanark ; and in the Parish of Moffat. A
village.
HARTREE, v. KTLL-RUCHO.
HART-SHAW, v. CLACKMANNAN.
HARVIESTON, v. BORTHWICK.
HARVIESTON, v. TILLICOULTRY.
HASCOSAY, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles : situate to the Eastward of
the Island of Yell, and constituting part of that Parish. It is uninhabited.
HASSENDEAN, in the District of Hawick, and Shire of Roxburgh : The
Church, and greatest part of the Church-yard, have been washed away by the
river Teviot ; but Mr. Cardonell has preserved a drawing of the ruins, con-
sisting chiefly of an Arch, " which is the East end of the Choir, that is of Saxon
architecture, and is of no inelegant design." Here was formerly a Cell, which
was dependent on the Abbey of Melros : the old Tower of Hassendean was
called The Monks' Tower ; and the Farm, adjoining to the Church, continues to
bear the Name of The Monks' Croft. Afler the Reformation, the Church of
Hassendean, with its pertinents, and The Monks' Tower, were granted to
Walter Earl of Buccleugh : and the Parish was divided among the Parishes
ofMinto, Wilton, and Roberton : but the original Stipend was all annexed to
Roberton. It is A\ m. N. E. from Hawick. See, Roberton, and Huntlaw.
HATTON, v. MARY KIRIi.
H A W
HATTON, V. RATHO.
HAUCH or HAUGH, v. PRESTON-KIRK.
HAUGHS, The, v. BENHOLME.
HAUGH, UPPER, MIDDLE, and WESTER, v. SPYNIE.
HAVEN, EAST, and WEST, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of
Panbride. These are two Fishing Villages, about a mile distant from each
other, situate on the German Ocean. The crew of each boat pay 5 merks for the
privilege of fishing. They are within the Jurisdiction of the Port of Montrose :
and both of them are the sole property of The Honourable William Ramsay
Maule, oi' Panmtire.
HAVERAY, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the
Parish of Burray. This is a small, inhabited Island, and is situate about half a
mile to the Southward of Burray.
HAVERAY, ISLE, one of the Shetlaad Isles ; and constituting part of the
Parish of Tingwall. It is a very small, uninhabited Island.
HAVERSAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, v. BRAG AD ALE.
HAWICK, in the District of Hawick, and Shire of Roxburgh : formerly a
Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'91..13..4|- in money, 16 bolls of
meal, 20 bolls of barley, the Vicarage Tythes of a small part of the Parish, a
manse and garden, and a glebe of 15 English acres : Patron, The Duke of Buc-
cleugh : The Church was built in 1214, and was dedicated to St. Mary. It is
in the Presbytery of Jedburgh, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resi-
dent Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 2798, and, in 1811, was
3688. It is 47 m. S. S. E. from Edinburgh. Here is a weekly Market on
Thursday; and four Faii-s annually, besides a great Tryst, which has been
established for Black Cattle, in the Month of October. It is a Burgh of Barony,
independent of the Lord of erection, and appears to have existed free, from a
very early period : but the Rights and Documents of the Burgh being either lost
or destroyed, during the inroads of the English Borderers, a Charter was
granted, in the year 1545, by James Douglas, Baron of Drumlanark, confirming
to the Burgesses such rights and lands as they formerly possessed : This Charter
was contirmed by another, which was granted by Queen Mary, in the Month of
May 1545. In consequence of these Charters, the Burgesses elect their Magis-
trates annually, viz., 2 Baillies, and 2 Quarter-masters from each of the seven
Corporations of Weavers, Tailors, Hammermen, Skinners, Butchers, Shoe-
makers, and Bakers, which, with 15 of a Standing Council who arc elected for
HAW
life, manage the affairs of the Town. A Treasurer and Surveyor of Weights,
Measures, and Markets, are annually chosen by the Council. The Clerk is
elected by the Burgesses at large, and generally continues in office during life.
It possesses all the immunities and privileges of a Royal Burgh, except that of
sending Members to Parliament, for which it need not repine. Here is a neat
Town-House, erected by the Magistrates with the revenue derived from the
property belonging to the Town ; and who have also conveyed water throughout
the Town in leaden pipes, to the great convenience of the Inhabitants. There is
a considerable trade carried on here in the manufacture of what are called,
Scotch Carpets; — ^the manufacture of inkle, cloth, and stockings, is also conducted
here with spirit and success. This Parish is of great extent, being about 15
miles in length from East to West, and about 4|^ miles in breadth. The general
appeai'ance is hilly ; but none of the hills are of remarkable size ; they are mostly
green, and afford excellent pasture for Sheep, the breed of which is much attended
to here. The soil is various ; as is also the climate, whether in the Town, or its
immediate neighbourhood. The Town is situate at the confluence of the small
river Slitridge with the Teviot, and is well built ; but, from its contiguity to
those rivers, there is frequent appi'ehension of inundation, and from which it suf-
fered in the month of August 1767. In 1570, it was burnt by the English, under
the command of Lord Sussex. The celebrated Gavin Douglas, Bishop of
Dunkeld, author of several poems, and the translator of Virgil's .^neid, was
installed Rector of Hawick, in 1496: he died of the Plague in Londoa, and was
buried in Tfie Savoy Church, in the year 1522. Here too must be mentioned,
The Rev. Alexander Orrock, the first Minister of Hawick after the Revolu-
tion : he appears to have been a man rigid in discipline, and of extensive charity,
eminent proofs of which still remain : he bequeathed, for the Poor of Hawick,
116 merks Scotch; and, for the Schoolmaster, 9,000 merks : he gave several
pieces of Plate for the use of the Church ; and to the Minister he gave his whole
Library, which remains a monument of ancient Theological literature. There
are evident marks of several military stations, both circular and rectangular ; and,
a little above the Town, towards the West, is an earthen Mound, of a conical
figure, called The Mote or Law, where, it is thought, the Baronial Jurisdiction
was exercised in former times. There is also an ancient mound, called Catrail;
which, Mr. Whitaker, in his History of Manchester, supposes to have been a
barricade, thrown up by the ancient Britons; and adds, " it runs in a North
East direction from Carnaby on the Esk, to Gallow Water, beyond Selkirk, lined
H E B
all the way on the West with Forts ; and even continues itself, by an additional
chain of Castles, along the Galloiv, to the North. It was plainly designed as a
barrier against any enemy, that lay to the South and East of it." Its remains in
the Parish of Cavers, and on the Gallow, are still conspicuous ; but little of it is
observable in this Parish. On the abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions, in 1747,
The Duke of Buccleugh, to whom this Baronial town belongs, was compen-
sated for its Regality, with an allowance of £400.
HAWKSTONE, v. MA DOES, ST.
HAWTHORNDEN, v. LASWADE.
HAYFIELD, v. GLEN URCHAY.
HEATHET, or HEATH-HEAD, WELL, v. CANOBY.
HEAVEN-AQUA, WELL, v. LINTON.
HEBRIDES, or THE WESTERN ISLANDS. These are the cluster of
Islands, which lie to the West of the Mainland of Scotland, in the Atlantic Ocean,
extending from the Northern extremity or Btitt of Leivis, in the Latitude of
58° 35' North, to the small Island of Sancla, on the coast of Cantyre, in the Lati-
tude of 55° 22' North ; though, by some Geographers, The Isle of Man, in the
Irish Sea, is considered as one of the cluster. They comprehend several large
Islands, which are divided among the different Shires, on the Western coast of
the Kingdom : of these, the chief are Lewis, and, its smaller Islands, which be-
long to the Shire of Ross : — Barray, Eigg, Harris, North Uist, South Uist,
SkvEj and the smaller neighbouring Islands, attached to the Shire of Inverness:
— and Canna, Muck, Rum, Gigha anewrore, stand the remains
of Huntley Castle, which still afford a magnificent proof of the grandeur and
hospitality of that ancient family. Upon the banks of the Deveron is Huntley
Lodge, the elegant residence of The Marquis of Huntley. See, Gordon.
HURLY HAUKIN, v. LIFE.
HUTTON, in the Shire of Berwick: formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £150. Sterling, and a glebe : the manse is in good repair:
Patron, The Crown : The Church was rebuilt in 1765, and is neat, and commo-
dious. It is in the Presbytery of Chirnside, and Synod of Merse anrf Teviotdale.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 955, and, in 1811, was
1030. It is 6 m. W. b. N. from Berwick upon Tweed. This Parish is about
4 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth. Its general appearance is level, with
HUT
a deep loamy soil on the banks of the rivers, and with a more shallow loam in
the rest of the Parish. It is bounded on the South by the river Tweed, and on
the North by the small river Whittadder, both of which produce excellent
salmon, and trout. Ten boats, or cobbles, are the highest number allowed to
be kept on this side the river Ticeed, in this Parish. The air is sometimes
moist, but generally dry, and the Inhabitants are remarkably healthy. The
tide flows to Norham Castle, which is 10 miles from Berwick : and a boat of 30
Tons can navigate the river to Netc Water-Ford, a distance of 6 miles from that
town. Here is abundance of excellent free-stone. The roads are good. The
Rev. Philip Redpath, a Gentleman of great worth and learning, and well
known for his translation of Boethius, was formerly Minister here. The present
Parish of Hutton consists of the old Parishes of Fishuick, and Hutton, which
were united about the time of the Reformation. It also comprises the village of
Paxfon.
HUTTON, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Vicarage, with the ancient
Parish ofCorrie united, soon after the Reformation: the Stipend of which,
including the allowance for Communion elements, is 1300 raerks : the manse
was built in 1755 : the glebe is extensive; Patron, The Earl of Hopetoun : The
Church was built in 1764. It is in the Presbytery of Loch-Maben, and Synod of
Dumfries. The Resident Population of the United Parishes, in 1801, was G46,
and, in 1811, was 677. It is 7 m. N. from Lockerby. This Parish contains
between 18,000 and 19,000 acres of land : it is watered by the rivers Milk,
Dryfe, and Corrie ; near the latter of which, are many fertile fields and
meadows ; while the other rivers run through a wild and mountainous tract,
covered with heath, and interspersed with moss. The whole of the Parishes of
Hutton and Corrie belong in Superiority to The Earl of Hopetoun, as heir of the
family of Annandale, and nearly four-fifths of them are His Lordship's property ;
there are six other Heritors. The number of sheep kept here is about 12,000.
The Heritors of Hutton give a voluntary Salary of £'8. .6.. 8. to a Schoolmaster ;
and their School has been generally well supplied. The climate is healthy.
Game is abundant ; and at Shaw, on the river Dr;ife, is an extensive Heronry.
The Grahams, of 6r«7/csi«V, had their residence at a place called i?/«5A^rsa, of
which there are some remains on the Farm of Class : but they removed from
thence, upwards of 300 years ago, to a Tower on the brink of the Dryfe, which,
by the thickness of the walls and the fosse, appears to have been of great
strength: the descendants of this respectable family still retain property in tha
I c o
nciohbourhood. It was in the Tower of Gilleshie, tliat The President of the
Court of Session (soon after its institution) was confined, when taken away to
prevent his giving a second decision in a Suit, in which one of the parties thought
the President had too much influence. There are several remains of old
entrenchments, of a circular form, called British forts, and a rectangular one at
Carter- Toum, which was a small Roman camp ; and probably served as a post
of communication between Annandale, and Eskdale, where the Romans had
several Stations. The chief Proprietor of these Parishes has annihilated the
thirlage of his tenants in every degree, and by other judicious indulgences haw
greatly improved the estate.
HUTTON, LITTLE, v. DRYFE'S-DALE.
HY, V. I-COLM-KILL.
I.
I, w(/e I-COLM-KILL.
IBRIS, or EYEBROUGHY, ISLE, off the Shire of Hadington : and con-
stituting part of the Parish of Dirlton. It is situate in the Firth oi Forth.
r CHAMUIS, CASTLE, v. SLEAT.
I-COLM-KILL, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Mull, and Shire
of Argyle : It constitutes part of the Parish of Killfinichen. It is situate to the
Westward of the Isle of Mull, from which it is separated by a narrow channel,
called Tlie Sound of I. This Island is about three measured miles in length,
and from half a mile to a mile in breadth. On the East side, it is flat ; in the
middle, it rises into small hills ; and, on the West side, it is rugged and rocky :
the whole forming a singular mixture of rocks, and fertile ground. The Resi^
dent Population of the Village, in 1798, was 336: it is situate near a small Bay,
called The Bay of Martyrs, where the Illustrious dead were landed for inter-
ment. It furnishes many valuable minerals, particularly a beautiful yellow
serpentine ; and the greater part of the Island lies upon marble, which, in some
places, is richly variegated. The venerable Bede calls it Hii, in his history,
but the proper name is /, sounded like ee in English : / in Gaelic signifies an
Island, and, this, by way of eminence, is called The Island. By Monkish writers
I c o
it has been named Jona, which, if derived from the Gaelic, signifies Tlie Island
of Waves, very characteristic of it in times of storm. OtJiers think that lona is
derived from a Hebrew word, signifying- " a Dove," in aUusion to St. Columba,
tlie founder of its Monastery and its fame. The name oi lona is now quite lost
in the country, and it is always called /, except when the speaker wishes to lay
an emphasis upon the word, when it is termed I- Columb- Kill, i. e. Hie Isle of
the Cell o/'CoLUMBA. Near the Island is a small Isle, called Nuns Island, per-
haps from an ancient Convent ; where, it is said, the stone was dug which was
used in the buildings of I-Colm-Kill. The Religious Edifices, of which the
ruins now only remain, were established by St. Columba, about the year 565,
who left Ireland, his native country, with the intention of preaching Christianity
to the Picts. He landed at /, which was at that time called Inish Druinish, i. e.
The Island of the Druids: and having converted the Pictish Monarch, received
the property of the Island, where he founded a Cell for Canons Regular ; who,
'till the year 716, differed from those of the Church of Rome, both in the obser-
vance of Easter, and in the Clerical tonsure. In 807, the monks were dislodged
by the Danes, and the Monastery became depopulated for many years ; but, on
the retreat of the Danes, it received a new Order, being then peopled by Clu-
niacs, who continued there 'till the dissolution of Monastic establishments, when
the revenues were united to the See of Arg-yle : and, on the abolition of Episco-
pacy, the Island became the property of The Duke of Argyle. The ruins are
much dilapidated ; but the generous care of the Noble and benevolent family of
Argyle has raised a strong wall round the chief parts of the building, to secure
it as much as possible from future injury. The Cathedral is 38 yards in length,
and 8 in breadth ; and the length of the transept is 24 yards. The East window
is a beautiful specimen of Gothick workmanship ; the pillars are all in different
styles of architecture, but their capitals are ornamented with scripture pieces, of
the most grotesque figures. " We were now treading that Illustrious Island,"
says Dr. Johnson, in his solemn and impressive style, " which was once the
Luminary of the Caledonian regions, whence savage Clans and roving Barbar
rians derived the benefits of knowledge, and the blessings of religion. To ab-
stract the mind from all local emotion would be impossible, if it were endeavoured,
and would be foolish, if it were possible. Whatever withdraws us from the
power of our senses ; whatever makes the past, the distant, or the future predo-
minate over the present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings. Far
from me and from my friends be such frigid philosophy, as may conduct ua
I c o
indifferent and unmoved over any ground wliicli has been dignified by wisdom,
bravery, or virtue. That man is little to be envied, whose patriotism would not
gain force upon the plain of Marathon, or whose piety would not grow warmer
among the ruins o( Jona. We came too late to visit moniunents : some care was
necessary for ourselves. Whatever was in the island, Sir Allan could demand,
for the inhabitants were Macleans ; but having little, they could not give us
much. — In the morning we rose and surveyed the place. The Churches of the
two Convents are both standing, though unroofed. They were built of unhewn
stone, but solid, and not inelegant. I brought away rude measures of the build-
ings, such as I cannot much trust myself, inaccurately taken, and obscurely noted.
Mr. Pennant s delineations, which are doubtless exact, have made my unskilful
description less necessary. The Episcopal church consists of two parts, sepa-
rated by the belfry, and built at different times, The original church had, like
others, the altar at one end, and tower at the other ; but, as it grew too small,
another building of equal dimension was added, and the tower then was neces-
sarily in the middle. That these edifices are of different ages seems evident.
The arch of the lirst church is Roman, being part of a circle ; that of tlio
additional building is pointed, and therefore Gothic or Saraccnical ; the tower
is firm, and wants only to be floored and covered. Of the chambers or
cells belonging to the monks, there are some walls remaining, but nothing
approaching to a complete apartment. The bottom of the Church is so
encumbered with mud and rubbish, that we could make no discoveries of
curious inscriptions, and what there are have been already published. The place
is said to be known where Tlie Black Stones lie concealed, on which the old
Highland Chiefs, when they made contracts and alliances, used to take the
oath, which was considered as more sacred than any other obligation, and
which could not be violated without the blackest infamy. In those days of vio-
lence and rapine, it was of great importance to impress upon savage minds the
sanctity of an oath, by some particular and extraordinary circumstances. They
would not have recourse to Tlie Black Stones, upon small or common occasions,
and when they had established their faith by this tremendous sanction, incon-
stancy and treachery were no longer feared. The Chapel of the Nunnery is now
used by the inhabitants as a kind of general Cow-house, and the bottom is con-
sequently too miry for examination. Some of the stones which covered the later
Abbesses have inscriptions, which might j'et be read, if the chapet were cleansed.
The roof of this, as of all the other buildings, is totally destroyed, not ouly
roL. u. G
I c o
cause timber quickly decays when it is neglected, but because in an Island utterly
destitute of wood, it was wanted for use, and was consequently the first plunder
of needy rapacity. The chancel of the Nuns' Chapel is covered with an arch of
stone, to which time has done no injury ; and a small apartment communicating
with the choir, on the North side, like the Chapter-House in Cathedrals,
roofed with stone in the same manner, is likewise entire. In one of the Churches
was a marble Altar, which the superstition of the inhabitants has destroyed.
Their opinion was, that a fragment of this stone was a defence against ship-
wrecks, fire, and miscarriages. In one corner of the church, the bason for holy
water is yet unbroken. The Cemetery of the Nunnery was, till very lately, re-
garded with such reverence, that only icomen were buried in it. These reliques
of veneration always produce some mournful pleasure. I could have forgiven a
great injury more easily than the violation of this imaginary Sanctity. South of
the. Chapel stand the walls of a large room, which was probably the hall, or re-
fectory of the Nunnery. This apartment is capable of repair. Of the rest of the
Convent there are only fragments. Besides the two principal churches, there
are, I tliink, five chapels yet standing, and three more remembered. There are
also Crosses, of which two bear the names of St. John, and St. Matthew. A large
space of ground about these consecrated edifices is covered with grave-stones,
few of which have any inscription. He that surveys it, attended by an Insular
antiquary, may be told where the Kings of many nations are buried, and if he
loves to sooth his imagination with the thoughts that naturally rise in places
where the great and the powerful lie mingled with the dust, let him listen in
submissive silence ; for, if he asks any questions, his delight is at an end. lona
has long enjoyed, without any verj' credible attestation, the honour of being re-
puted the Cemetery of the Scottish Kings. It is not unlikely, that, when the
opinion of local sanctity was prevalent, the Chieftains of the Isles, and perhaps
some of the Norwegian or Irish princes, were reposited in this venerable inclo-
sure. But by whom the subterraneous vaults are peopled, is now utterly un-
known. The graves are very numerous, and some of them undoubtedly contain
the remains of men, who did not expect to be so soon forgotten. Not far from
this awful ground may be traced the garden of the Monastery : the fish-ponds
are yet discernible, and the aqueduct wliich supplied them is still in use. There
remains a broken building, which is called The Bishops House, I know not by
what authority. It was once the residence of some man above the common rank,
fur it has two stories and a chimney. We were shewn a chimney at the other
I c o
end, which was only a niche, without perforation, but so much does Antiquarian
credulity, or patriotic vanity prevail, that it was not much more safe to trust the
eye of our instructor than the memory. There is in the Island one house more,
and only one, that has a chimney ; Ave entered it, and found it neither wanting
repair nor inhabitants ; but to the farmers, who now possess it, the chimney is
of no great value ; for their fire was made on the floor, in the middle of the room,
and notwithstanding the dignity of their mansion, they rejoiced, like their neigh-
bours, in the comforts of smoke. It is observed, that Ecclesiastical Colleges are
always in the most pleasant and fruitful places. While the world allowed the
Monks their choice, it is surely no dishonour that they chose well. This Island
is remarkably fruitful. The Village near the Churches is said to contain seventy
families, which, at five in a family, is more than a hundred inhabitants to a mile.
There are perhaps other Villages ; yet both corn and cattle are annually ex-
ported. But the fruitfulness of Zona is now its whole prosperity. The inhab-
itants are remarkably gross, and remarkably neglected : I know not if they are
visited by any Minister (only once a quarter). The Island, which was once the
Metropolis of Learning and Piety, has now no School for education, nor Temple
for Worship, only two inhabitants that can speak English, and not one that can
write or read. (A School has since been established by the Society for propa-
gating Christian Knowledge, the Salary and perquisites of which amount to
about £20. per anmim.) — The people are of the Clan of Maclean ; and though
Sir Allan had not been in the place for many years, he was received with all
the reverence due to their Chieftain. One of them being sharply reprehended
by him, for not sending him some rum, declared after his departure, in Mr.
Boswell's presence, that he had no design of disappointing him,ybr, said he,
/ would cut my bones for him; and if he had sent his dog /or it, he should have
had it. When we were to depart, our boat was left by the ebb at a great dis-
tance from the water, but ^no sooner did we wish it afloat, than the Islanders
gathered round it, and, by the union of many hands, pushed it down the beach;
every man who could contribute his help seemed to think himself happy in the
opportunity of being, for a moment, useful to his Chief. We now left those
Illustrious ruins, by which Mr. Boswell was much atfected, nor would I wil-
lingly be thought to have looked upon them without some emotion. Perhaps,
in the revolutions of the world, lona may be sometime again the Instructress of
the Western regions." — There is an ancient Gaelic Prophecy, which has been
thus translated by Dr. Smith, of Campbell- Toicn:
G 2
I N C
' ' Seven years before that awful clay,
When time shall be no more,
A watery deluge will o'ersweep
Hibernicis mossy shore ;
The greeu-clad Isla, too, shall sink,
While, with Ihe great and good,
Columhas happy isle will rear
Her towers above the flood."
Two or three boats are employed in the Fisheries. See, Mull, Isle, and Port
Kintra.
IDINGTON, V. CHIRNSIDE.
IDVIE, r. KIRKDEN.
ILA, V. ISLAY.
ILERAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it
constitutes part of the Parish of North Uist, being situate to the Southward. It
is 3 miles long, and half a mile broad in most places. The soil is partly sandy,
and partly black ground, yielding tolerable crops of barley, and pasture for cattle.
IMACHAR, V. IvILL-MORY.
INCH, in the District of Garioch, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., and £'8..6..8. for Com-
munion elements, and a glebe: The manse was built in 1771: Patron, Sir
W^illiam Forbes, Bart., of Craig ievar : The Church is in decent condition. It
is in the Presbytery of Garioch, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, was 798, and, in 1811, was 927. It is 2| m. W.
from Old Rayne. It is pleasantly situate on the Northern bank of a rivulet, and
is a Burgh of Barony, with a weekly Market, and three annual Fairs ; but they
are much on the decline. It is 26 miles from Aberdeen, from whence it has
been proposed to carry a Canal to this Village ; a work which, if executed,
would be attended with important advantages to the fertile district of Oarioch,
anciently called The Granary of Aberdeen. The; feuars of the Village are
Heritable Proprietors of their houses, and small gardens : they are either Shop-
keepers, or mechanics ; and rent small farms from Colonel Hay, of Ramies,
who is Suj)erior of the Town, and Proprietor of the lands in the neighbourhood.
This Paris!) contains nearly 7500 Scotch acres ; of which, about 2500 are under
cultivation. Towards the South, the soil is for the most part excellent, and
I N C
produces rich and early crops : but, on Uie North, along the skirts of the Hill
oi Fondland, it is less fertile, and the crops are late and precarious. Tiie Hill
of Fondland, wliicli extends into several Parishes, is elevated about 800 feet
above the level of the sea ; and in the highest part of it, within this Parish, are
«xtensive Quarries of fine blue slate : it would seem to have been formerly a very
considerable Hunting Forest, as its name in the Gaelic language implies ; ^"d
very large trees are frequently dug up in the mosses : it ik)w abounds in moss,
heath, and moor game. About half a mile from the Village, is the ciu'ious and
noted hill of Dun-o-Deer, or Dundore, i. e. The Hill in the Wood, wliich af-
fords excellent pasture for sheep, though it does not now render their teeth of
a golden colour, as the credulous Boethius affirms that it formerly did : the
base of this Hill is about 3000 yards in circumference, and rises insulated from
the level plain of the Garioch, to the elevation of 300 feet: upon its summit are
the ruins of an ancient Castle, which is said to have been built by King Gre-
gory the Great : a considerable part of the walls are still standing, and the
materials with which they are constructed, are of a singular kind, being by
some persons supposed to be part of a vitrified Fort ; while others assert them
to be volcanic, dug out of the hill itself: a particular description of the Hill and
Castle o^ Dun-o-Deer, are given in the Sixth volume of Arch^ologia, p. 88,
and in the Periodical paper, called The Bee ; both of which are accompanied
with enffravinors.
INCH, in the Shire of Inverness : formerly a Vicarage, united to the ancient
Rectory of Kingussie : The Church being dedicated to St. Etcan. It is 10^ rn.
N. E. from Pitmain. This Parish is situate on the East side of the river Sjjey,
which here flows though a Lake, called Loch Inch, about a mile and a half in
length, and nearly the same in breadth ; when the river swells, a branch of it
runs on each side of a small hill on which the Church stands, thereby making it
an Island ; and hence the name of Inch. It is nearly three miles square, and
is watered by the rivers Feshie, and Tromie, which descend from the Grampian
Hills. Here is a Ferry over the Spey. See, Kingussie.
INCH, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 48 bolls of meal, 16 bolls of bear,
Ldnlilhgotv measure, and £'45. in money : there is a question depending in the
locality of the Parish of Inch, as to the Teinds payable out of Garthland to
Stranraer : the manse is called Sonl Seat, Sedes animarum, and is almost sur-"
rounded by a Lake, nearly similar in form to a horse shoe : the glebe consists of
INC
more than the legal extent : Patron, The Crown : The Church is in decent con-
dition. It is in the Presbytery of Stranraer, and Synod of Galloway. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Village of Tlie Cairn)
was 1577, and, in 1811, was 1831. It is 2j m. E. from Stranraer. This Parish
is about 9 miles in length, and, in some parts, the same in breadth, occupying
a great portion of the Isthmus whicji is formed by the approximation of the
Bays of Lmce, and Ryan : the Southern part is flat, and sandy ; but, towards
the East andNorth-East, a beautiful range of hills extend the whole length of the
Parish ; the sides of these are partly green pasture, and partly arable ; and their
summits for some miles, are covered with heath, as far as the water of Luce,
which forms the Eastern boundary : except the sandy plain to the South, the
soil is a good loam, and very productive : and by the influence and example of
the late Earl of Stair, great improvements in agriculture have been made here.
This Parish is remarkable for its fresh water Lakes ; they are fifteen in number,
of different dimensions, and abound in pike, perch, carp, tench, and trout, both
white and red ; and are also frequented by prodigious numbers of aquatic birds
of various kinds. The two Lakes o( Castle Kennedy lie parallel to each other ;
the one being a mile, and the other a mile and a half in length, and both in
some parts half a mile broad : there is a small Island in each, and upon one of
them, which is about 600 yards in circumference, are the vestiges of a Religious
edifice. The Ruins of Castle Kennedy show it to have been a strong and massy
building ; it was burned by accident in 1715, nor has it ever since been re-built:
it was anciently the Seat of the Family of Cassil, from one of whom it was pur-
chased by the first Earl of Stair. Mr. Grosc has preserved a view of it. The
climate is mild, and healthy. Here is a Sulphureous spring, which is used with
efficacy in stomachic and scorbutic complaints. The Inch is exceedingly well
supplied with peats. It is subject to the Jurisdiction of the Custom-house of
Stranraer.
INCH BRAYOCK, off the Coast of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Craig.
This is a small Island of 34 Scotch acres, situate in the river South Esk. It has
lately become of great importance from its two Bridges, on the turn-pike road
from Aber-Brothock to Montrose, which passes across this Isle. One Bridge
of stone communicates with the Parish of Craiff ; and another of wood with a
draw-bridge, connects the Island with Montrose. A spacious street has been
planned, and a few houses erected ; and a company are forming a large and con-
venient dry Dock, for building and repairing of Ships. It originally gave name to
I N C
the Parish of Craig, and the principal Burying-g round is still upori tliis Island.
Its name implies, The Island of Trouts ; and even at this lime, two-thirds of
the Fishing ground, around the Island, go by the name of Tlie Trout-shot.
INCH CAILLOCH, in Loch Lomond, and in the Shire of Stirling: it
constitutes part of the Parish of Buchanan. Here the Church was situate till
the year 1621, when a considerable part of the Parish of Luss, at that time on
this side of the Loch, was annexed to the Parish of Inch Cailloch. Some years
after the annexation, the walls of the Church of Inch Cailloch going to decay,
and the inhabitants likewise finding it inconvenient every Sabbath, especially in
stormy weather, to be crossing over to the Island, Divine Worship was per-
formed in a Church near the House of Buchanan, which was originally a Chapel
of Ease belonging to the Parish of Luss. From this Chapel, which was called
T/ie Church or Chapel of Buchanan, the whole United Parish came by degrees
to be called The Parish of Buchanan. Its name implies. The Island of the
old Women, and was so called, from the circumstance of there having been for-
merly a Nunnery here. This Island is about a mile in length, is elevated, and
has some fine wood upon it. It is inhabited, and produces good wheat, and
oats. It is the property of The Duke of Montrose.
INCH-COLM, off the Coast of Fife. This is a small Island, in the Firth of
Forth, about a mile from the Village of Aberdour, to which Parish it is annexed.
Upon it, are the remains of a celebrated Monastery of Canons Regular of St.
Augustine, founded in 1123 by Alexander the First, in consequence of avow,
and dedicated to St. Cohimba. It was richly endowed by the munificence of
that Prince ; and, so famous was the place for its sanctity, that Alan de Mor-
timer, Lord of Aberdour, bestowed half of the lands of Aberdour on the Monks
of the Island, for the privilege of a family burial-place in their Church. Its
M'ealth, in the time of Edward the Third, proved so strong a temptation to liis
fleet, then lying in the Forth, as to suppress all the horror of sacrilege, and re-
spect to the sanctity of the inhabitants. It continued a place of consequence,
until the Reformation completed the ruin of those Religious Houses ; and is now
the property of The Earl of Moray, who has also the title of Lord of St. Calm.
There is now a small Fort upon the Island, erected at the expense of Govern-
ment, for the protection of the Firth.
INCH CONAGAN, in Loch Lomond, and in the Shire of Dumbarton : it
constitutes part of the Parish of Luss, This Island is above half a mile long,
and about two furlongs and a half broad, and contains 94 acres, which are all
under a natural Oak and Fir wood.
I N C
INCH CRUIN, I e. THE ROUND ISLAND, in Loch Lomond, and in
the Shire of Stirling : it constitutes part of the Parish of Buchanan. It is in-
habited, and affords some good arable and pasture ground. It is the property
of The Duke of Montrose. This Island is about three quarters of a mile in
leno-th, and has but little wood : it is an Asylum for insane persons.
INCH-DAIRNIE, v. KINGLASSIE.
INCH-DRUAR, v. BANFF.
INCH-EFFRAY, v. MADDERTY.
INCH FAEL, i. e. THE LONG ISLAND, in Loch Lomond, and in the
Shire of Stirling: it constitutes part of the Parish of Buchanan. It is inhab-
ited, and possesses some good arable and pasture ground. It is the property
of The Duke of Montrose.
INCH-GARVIE, in the District of Dunfermlin, and Shire of Fife : in the
Parish of Inver-Keithing. This is a small Island, situate nearly in the middle
of the passage over the Forth, at Queen's Ferry. It was anciently fortitied ; and,
on the alarm occasioned by the appearance of Paul Jones and his squadron in
the Firth, in 1779, its fortifications were repaired, and 4 iron 24 pounders
mounted upon them, and furnished with 100 rounds of ammunition to each : one
or two Artillerymen reside on the Island, to take care of the stores. The pros-
pect from hence is particularly beautiful.
INCH-INN AN, in the Shire of Renfrew: formerly a Vicarage, belonging
to the Knights' Templars; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 8 chalders of
meal, and £'20. Sterling : the manse is in tolerable repair: the glebe consists erf"
8 acres: Patron, Archibald Campbell, Esq., o( Blyfhsuood : The Church is
very ancient. It is in the Presbytery of Paisley, and Synod of Glasgow and A\t,
The Resident Population of this Parish, in ISOl, was 462, and, in 1811, was
641. It is 1-f m. W. b, N. from Renfrew. This Parish is about 3 miles in
length, and H mile in breadth. The soil is in general fertile ; especially on
tlie banks of the rivers White Cart, Gryfe, and Clyde, which, in Autumn, are
liable to sudden inundations : it is all inclosed, and agriculture has lately been
much attended to. The great road, from Glasgow to Greenock, passes through
the Parish, crossing the united streams of the Gryfe and fVhite Cart, by a bridge
of 10 arches, which was thrown down some years ago by an excessive flood, and
is now rebuilt in a most substantial and elegant manner, a little way above the
site of the former one. The ancient Castle oi' Jnch-Jnnan, wliicli stood near the
)janks of the Clyde, and was one of the scats of the Dukes of Lennox, is now
INC
completely demolished. North Barr, once a seat of Lord Semple, is a fine old
building.
INCH-KEIT[I, off the Coast of Fife ; and in the Parish of Kinghorn. This
is a small rocky Island, situate nearly in the middle of the Firth of Forth^ and is
about a mile in length. It is said to derive its name from the gallant Keith,
who, in 10 10, so greatly signalized himself at the battle of Barry, in Angus,
against the Danes : after which he received in reward the Barony of Keith, in
East Lothian, and this little Isle. It was taken possession of, and fortified by
the English in the reign of Edward the Sixth, in 1549, but they were obliged to
evacuate it, after a very gallant defence. The fort was kept in repair by the
Scots for some time, but was destroyed by Act of Parliament, to prevent its being
of use to their enemies. There is a spring of fine water on the summit of the
rock. In 1497, by an Order of the Privy Council to the Magistrates of Edin-
burgh, it was used as a place of banishment, for all persons infected with the
Venereal disease, then called the Grangore. The French gave it the name of
L'isle des chevavx, from its property of soon fattening horses. It was visited by
Dr. Johnson, in 177'i, who describes it as " nothing more than a rock covered
with a thin layer of earth, not wholly bare of grass, and very fertile of thistles.
A small herd of cows grazes annually upon it, in the summer. It seems never
to have afforded to man or beast a permanent habitation." It is now occupied
as pasturage^ for the particular breeds of sheep imported into Scotland by the
British Wool Society. Of late years, The Duke of Buccleugh discovered that
his family had the right of property to this Isle. An excellent Light- House has
recently been erected here. '
INCH KENNETH, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of
Mull, and Shire of xIrgyle : it constitutes part of the Parish of Killfinichen. It
is situate at the entrance o{ Loch-na-Kell, off the Western coast of Mull, and
at the distance of 12 m. S W. b. W. from Aros. This Island, says Dr. Johnson,
in his beautiful and emphatic description, is " about a mile long, and perhaps
half a mile broad, remarkable for pleasantness and fertility. It is verdant and
grassy, and fit both for pasture and tillage ; but it has no trees. Its only ioliab-
itauts were Sir Allan Maclean and two young Ladies, his daughters, with
their servants. Romance does not often exhibit a scene that strikes the imagin-
ation more than this little desert in these depths of Western obscurity, occupied
not by a gross herdsman, or amphibious fisherman, but by a gentleman and two
ladies, of high birth, polished manners, and elegant conversation, who, in a
VOL. II. H
I N C
habitation raised not very far above the ground, but furnished with unexpected
neatness and convenience, practised all the kindness of hospitality, and refine-
ment of courtesy. Sir Allan is the Chieftain of the great Clan of Maclean,
which is said to claim the second place among- the Highland Families, yielding
only to Macdonald. Though by the misconduct of his ancestors, most of the
extensive territory, which would have descended to him, has been alienated, he
still retains much of the dignity and authority of his birth. When soldiers were
lately wanting for the American war, application was made to Sir Allan, and
he nominated a hundred men for the service, who obeyed the summons, and bore
arms under his command. He had then, for some time, resided with the young-
Ladies in Inch Kenneth, where he lives not only with plenty, but with elegance,
having conveyed to his cottage a collection of books, and what else is necessary
to make his hours pleasant. When we landed, we were met by Sir Allan and
the Ladies, accompanied by Miss Macquarry, who had passed some time with
them, and now returned to Ulva with her father. We all walked logether to
the mansion, where we found one cottage for Sir Allan, and I think two more
for the domesticks and the offices. We entered, and wanted little that Palaces
afford. Our room was neatly floored, and well lighted ; and our dinner, which
was dressed in one of the other huts, M'as plentiful and delicate. In the after-
noon Sir Allan reminded us, that the day was Sunday, which he never suffered
to pass without some Religious distinction, .and invited us to partake in his acts
of domestick Worship ; which I hope neither Mr. Boswell nor myself will be
suspected of a disposition to refuse. The elder of the Ladies read the English
service. Inch Kenneth was once a Seminary of Ecclesiastics, subordinate, I
suppose, to I-Colm-Kill. Sir Allan had a mind to trace the foundation of the
College, but neither I nor Mr. Boswell, who bends a keener eye on vacancy,
were able to perceive them. Our attention, however, was sufficiently engaged
by a venerable Chapel, which stands yet entire, except that the roof is gone. It
is about GO feet in length, and 30 in breadth : on one side of the Altar is a bas-
relief of the Blessed Virgin, and by it lies a little bell; which, though cracked,
and without a clapper, has remained there for ages, guarded only by the vener-
ableness of the place. The ground round the Chapel is covered with grave-
stones of Chiefs and Ladies ; and still continues to be a place of sepulture.
Inch Kenneth is a proper prelude to I-Colm-Kill. It was not without some
mournful emotion that we contemplated the ruins of Religious structures, and
the monuments of the dead. On the next day, we took a more distinct view of
I N C
the place, and went with the boat to see oysters in the bed, out of which the
boat-men forced up as many as were wanted. Even Inch Kenneth has a subor-
dinate Island, named Sandiland, I suppose in contempt, where we landed, and
found a rock, with a surface of perhaps four acres, of which one is naked stone,
another spread with sand and shells, some of which 1 picked up for their glossy
beauty, and two covered with a little earth and grass, on which Sir Allan has a
few sheep. I doubt not but when there was a College at Inch Kenneth, there
was a Hermitage upon Sandiland. Having wandered over those extensive
plains, we committed ourselves again to the winds and waters ; and after a
voyage of about ten minutes, in which we met with nothing very observable,
were again safe upon dry ground. We told Sir Allan our desire of visiting
I-Colm-Kill, and entreated him to give us his protection, and his company. He
thought proper to hesitate a little : but the Ladies hinted, that as they knew he
would not finally refuse, he would do better if he preserved the grace of ready
compliance. He took their advice, and promised to carry us on the morrow in
his boat. We passed the remaining part of the day in such amusements as were
in our power. Sir Allan related the American campaign, and at evening one
of the Ladies played on her harpsichord, while Coll and Mr. Boswell danced
a Scottish reel with the other. We could have been easily persuaded to a longer
stay upon Inch Kenneth, but life will not be all passed in delight. The Session
at Edinburgh was approaching, from which Mr. Boswell could not be absent."
INCH LAGGAN, in Inverness, v. RHIEBUIE, and RANNOCH.
INCH LONAIG, in Loch Lomond, and in the Shire of Dumbarton ; it con-
stitutes part of the Parish of Luss. This Island is nearly a mile long, and above
a quarter of a mile broad, and contains 145 acres; 66 of which are under a
natural wood of old Yews, some of them very large : the whole Island has for
many years been kept as a Deer Park by the Family o( Litss.
INCH-MARNOC, ISLAND, off the South-West of the Island, and Shire of
Bute. This is a beautiful little Island, about a mile in length ; and, on its West
side, are vast strata of coral and shells. It is the property of The Mai-quis of
Bute. Here are the ruins of a Chapel, which was dedicated to St.3Iarnocj
and, according to Fordun, there was also a Cell of Monks.
INCH MICKERY, ISLAND, in the Firth of Forth, and Shire of Edinburgh ;
it constitutes part of the Parish of Cramond. It is two miles from the Main-
land. The Oyster beds here are almost destroyed from repeated dragghig.
INCH MOAN, i. e. THE MOSS ISLE, in Loch Lomond, and in the Shire
H 2
INC
of Dumbarton ; it constitutes part of the Parish of Luss, This Isle is about
three quarters of a mile long, and a quarter of a mile broad, and contains 99
acres, mostly covered with moss ; from which the Village of Luss, and the
neighbourhood, are supplied with peats.
INCH MURIN, in Loch Lomond, and in the Shire of Stirling. This Island,
it is said, belongs to no Parish, but the Inhabitants get Church privileges, when
they apply for them, at Buchanan. It is about two miles in length, and one mile
in breadth; is finely wooded, and aflbrds excellent p-Jsture. The Duke of
Montrose, to whom it belongs, keeps it as a Deer Park: and, in 1793, His
Grace built a neat Hunting-Seat and Offices, which are inhabited by the
Forester and his Family. At the South end, are the ruins of an old Castle, once
the residence of the ancient Earls of Lennox.
INCHTURE, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, with the ancient
Parish of Rossie united, in 1670 ; the Stipend of vs'hich, in 1811, was nearly 13
bolls of wheat, 46 bolls of barley, 36 bolls of meal, and 34 bolls of oats, and
nearly £11. in money: the glebe, by the annexation of that formerly at Rossie,
is about 11 acres, including the garden : Patron, The Crown: The Church, and
manse, are both old. It is in the Presbytery of Dundee, and SvTiod of Angus
onrf Mearns. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the
Villages of Balledgarno, and Polgavie) was 949, and, in 1811, was 954. It is
9 m. W. b. S. from Dundee, and 49 j m. N. from Edinburgh. A General Post-
Office is established here. This Parish is about 4 miles in length, and 3 miles
in breadth. The soil is exceedinslv rich, and well cultivated. The village of
Inchture is the sole property of Lord Kinnaird, who has lately added much to
its neatness and convenience ; the great Road, from Perth to Dundee, passes
through it. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, together
with School-fees, and perquisites, and a large and commodious house. A great
part of the pleasure grounds and plantations around /)rjwmiiV-//o!/«e, the Seat
of Lord Kinnaird, extend into this Parish ; and adjacent to the Park, are the
ruins of the ancient Castle of Moncttr, around which His Lordship has lately
planted trees and shrubberies, with a beautiful effect. Balindean, the Seat of
Sir John Weuderburn, Bart., is delightfully situate at the foot of the rising
ground, which bounds the Carse of Gowrie on the North.
INCH-TUTHEL, v. CAPUTH. This was formerly an Island in the Tay :
and General Roy has given a plan of the old intrcnchments upon it. pi. 18.
r
INCH TV VANACH, in Loch Lomond, and in the Shire of Dumbarton :
I
I N I
it constitutes part of the Parish of Luss. This Island is about a mile long, and
about two furlongs and a half broad, and contains IS5 Scotch acres; of which
127 are under a good Oak wood ; the remainder are out-field, and occasionally
produce fine crops. It is uninhabited at present : but, it is said to have been,
at a remote period, the residence of a Monk, from whom it derives the name of
TJie Island of the Monks Home; and a sweeter retirement, or one more adapted
for contemplation, he could not perhaps have chosen. This is the highest
Island in the Lake, and is composed chiefly of grey granite. It is frequented by
the roebuck.
TNCHYRA, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Kinnoul. This is
a disjoined District, at the distance of 5 m. S. E. from Perth. This is a small
Village, situate on the Eastern bank of the river Tay, and has a tolerably good
harbour, which admits vessels of considerable burden,
INGANESS, BAY, v. KIRKWALL, and ANDREW'S, ST.
INGLESTONE MOATS, v. GLEN CAIRN.
INGLISMALDIE, v. MARY KIRK.
ING-LISTON, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Kirk-Liston.
It is 1{ m. W. S. W. from Edinburgh.
INGLIS-TOWN, in the Shire of Peebles ; and in the Parish of Linton. A
village, at the distance of four miles South-West from Linton. See, Linton.
INIS-CHONNEL, v. KILL-CHRENAN.
INIS-DRYNICH, v. INISHAIL.
INIS-ERAITH, V. KILL-CHRENAN.
INISHAIL, i. e. THE BEAUTIFUL ISLE, in the District, and Shire of
Argyle: an ancient Parish, now miited to the Parish of Glen-Urchay. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 740, and, in 1811, was 750.
It is a picturesque Island, in Loch Awe : upon which, the ruins of a Monastery,
for Nuns of the Cistertian Order, are still visible ; at the Reformation, this Reli-
gious House was suppressed, and the Temporalities granted to Hay, the Abbot
of Inchaffrey, who, abjuring the former tenets of his religion, embraced the cause
of the Reformers. Upon the Island is also a ruinous Chapel, which formerly
belonged to the Monastery, and where Divine Worship was alternately performed
with Glen-Urchay, until the year 1736 ; when it being found inconvenient, and
even dangerous in many instances to navigate the Lake, a Church, more com-
modious for the Parish of Inishail, was then built at Inis-Drynich, nearly oppo-
site to the Island, on the side of the road between Inverary and Dalmally, and
I N N
5 measured miles from Glen-Urchay; in which Churches, Divine Worship is
now alternately performed, Here is a small School, very poorly endowed, though
the assessment on the valued rent, to form a Salary, is more than common
in such cases.
INNERGELLY, v. KILLRENNEY.
INNERKIP, or INVERKIP, in the Shire of Renfrew : formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 78 bolls of meal, and £'350. Scotch in money:
the manse has lately been re-built in an elegant and commodious style: the
glebe consists of 4 acres of arable land : Patron, Sir Michael Stewart, Bart., of
Blachhall : The Church is in good condition, having been lately re-built. It is
in tiie Presbytery of Paisley, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages ofDaff, and Gourock
and part of the lands of Garvock) was 1367, and, in 1811, was 1632. It is 5\ m.
S. W. from Greenock. This Parish is about 7 miles in length, and 6 miles in
breadth, stretching along the coast of the Firth of Clyde, which is here indented
with several convenient Bays. Upon the shore, the soil is light, sandy, and of
quick vegetation ; but farther in the interior, it becomes more wet, and gravelly:
upwards of one-half is moor and covered with heath, the remainder being
arable, and generally inclosed. The Village oflnnerkip is pleasantly situate
on the banks of the small river Kip, at its confluence with the Firth of Clyde, and
is a well frequented Sea-bathing place. The Fisheries are prosecuted here with
great success. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, toge-
ther with School-fess, and perquisites. Here is a Ferry across the Firth, which
is about 5 miles broad, to Dunoon in the Shire of Argyle. The Public road is
in good repair. Ardgowan, the seat of Sir Michael Stewart, Bart., o( Black-
hall, is a large house, delightfully situate upon the shore, and surrounded with
extensive plantations. The climate is rainy, but not unhealthy.
INNER-PEFFRAY, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Madderty.
It is 3^ ra. S. E. from Crieft'. This is a small Village, .situate on the Eastern
bank of the riAer Earn, over which there is a Ferry here, Tlie Castle is in ruins.
At this place is a Charity School lt)r poor children, and a good room, with a
Library, for the use of the neighbourhood, founded by David Lord Madderty ;
and which still continues to receive additional supplies of Books.
INNERWELL, PORT, v. SORBIE.
INiVERVVlCK, in the Sliirc of Hadington : formerly a Rectory, and Vicar-
age, the Stipend of whicli, in 1811, including the glebe, was £170. ; Patron,
I N N
William Nisbet, Esq. , of 7)«V^tow ; The Church was built, in 1784 ; the manse was
erected about the year 1726, and repaired in 1788. It is in the Presbytery of
Dunbar, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 846, and, in 1811, was 899. It is 5 m. S E. b. S. from
Dunbar. This Parish is about 12 miles in length, and from two to six miles in
breadth. It is bounded on the North and East by the German Ocean. The
shore is rocky. The face of the country is level, and the soil fertile ; on the
borders, farthest removed from the sea, the land rises into considerable emi-
nences, which are partly covered with heath, but, even there, much has been
improved, and converted into tillage : on the coast, the soil is rather light and
gravelly : the greater part is well enclosed, and there are a few Plantations.
Land lets very high here. The air is generally dry, and healthy. Coal is used
as fuel upon the coast ; but peats, and turf, on the moors. There are two free-
stone Quarries ; and, on the coast, lime is abundant. At a place, called
Scateraw Shore, several Ships have been wrecked ; where there is a small creek,
which might easily be converted into a Harbour. On Black Castle Hill is a
small encampment, which is said to be Danish. A great variety offish is caught
here ; but the Lobster fishery is the most profitable. There was anciently within
this Parish a Chapel, dedicated to St. Dennis, the ruins whereof are still standing
on a small Promontory, in the Northern corner of it. According to Mr. Chal-
mers, the extensive Manor of Inner- Wick was granted by David the First to
Walter the son of Alan, Tfie First Stewart : and his descendants enjoyed the
Superiority of it, until recent times. On the 10th of December 1404, this Barony,
and indeed the whole possessions of T/ie Steicart, of Scotland, were erected by
Robert the Third into a free Regality, as a Principality for the eldest son of the
Scotish Kings. When Renfrew became a separate Shire, the Barony of Inner-
Wick was annexed to it ; as it was part of the Stewartry, though it was actually
situate within East Lothian. Between the years 1661 and 1669, Charles the
Second, as Stewart of Scotland, granted many charters to the Vassals of the
Stewartry, living upon the Manor of Inner- Wick : and their lands are described
as lying in the Constabulary of Hadington, and Sheriffdom of Edinburgh, but by
annexation, within the Sheriffwick of Renfrew. Sir Peter Wedderburn, of
Gosford, who became a Senator of the College of Justice, in 1668, obtained in
February 1670, to him and his heirs of entail, a grant of the Rectoiy and Vicar-
age tythes of Inner-Wick. In July 1670, he obtained a grant to liira, and his
heirs of entail, of the Barony of Thornton, in this Parish. And, in January 1671,
I N V
he obtained the Barony itself of Inner-Wick. The Castle, which was one of
those small Fortresses built for the defence of the Borders, belonged to a younger
branch of the Family of Hamilton, Dukes of Hamilton, and who from it were
styled Hamiltons, o{ Inner- Wick. It was taken by The Duke of Somerset, in
1547, when Patten in his account of His Grace's expedition, calls it Anderwyke.
Mr. Grose has preserved a view of its ruins.
INNES, V. URQUHART.
INNISVOULS, ISLE, one of The Scilly Islands. This is a very small Isle,
containing only 4 acres ; and is situate to the North-East of St. Mary's.
INSH-AVON, V. TANNADICE.
INSHOCH, V. AULDEARN.
INVAR, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Little Dunkeld. It is
~ xa. W. S. W. from Dunkeld. This is a small Village, situate at the confluence
of the rivers Bran and Tay, on the great Highland road from Perth to Inver-
ness : here is a Ferry over the Tay, and a good Inn. The celebrated composer
of Scotch Reels, Neil Gow, is a native of this Village,
INVER, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of Assint. It is situate
near the confluence of the little river Culag with Loch Inver, and is an excellent
fishing Station. It is 245 m. N. N. W. from Edinburgh. The Harbour is
spacious, and very safe. There is a Burying-place at the Farm here.
INVER-ALLEN, partly in the Shire of Inverness, and partly in the Shire
of Elgin : an ancient Vicarage, now comprehended in the Parish ofCromdale:
The Church is situate on the Western bank of the river Spey, and, together
with the surrounding Burying-place, is still in use. It is Ij m. S. W. from
Grantown.
inverallochie, castle, v. RATHEN.
INVERARITY, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Rectory, with Methie
united ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £50. in money, 48 bolls of meal,
and 48 bolls of barley : the manse is a very superior one, and in good condition,
commanding a delightful prospect of a part o{ Stralhmore, and what adds to its
beauty is a small thriving plantation which surrounds it, and the water of Ker-
hat that runs in front : the glebe consists of 12 acres : Patron, Fotheringhara, of
Potcriv : The Church has lately been repaired. It is in the Presbytery of For-
far, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 820, and, in 1811, was 8G5. The Church, which is nearly in the
centre of the Parish, is about 4-^ m, S. from Forfar. This Parish is about three
I N V
miles square. The surface is uneven. The soil is in general a clay ; and the
lands are well cultivated, and substantially inclosed either with hedge rows, or
stone dykes. The greatest part of the waste grounds have been planted, and
are in a very flourishing condition. Part of the Roman Camp at Kirk Buddo,
called Hare Faulds, extends into this Parish. Fotheringham is the elegant Man-
sion of the Ancient Family of Fotheringham, whose principal residence was for
many years at Wester Potcrie, in the Parish of Muirhousc. Towards the West,
is the House of Kincaldrum, the residence of Graham Bower, Esq., the
whole property of Avhich respectable Family lies within the bounds of this
Parish.
INVERARY, or INVER-ARAY, a Royal Borough, having separate Juris-
diction, locally situate in the District, and Shire of Aroyle: formerly a Vicarage,
with the Parish of Glen-Aray annexed, though two distinct Benefices, vis., The
, Highland Charge or First Minister, and The Lowland or English Congrega-
tion: both the Benefices are auffmented to £150. each: and The Duke of
Argyle, who has at all times countenanced the Clergy, particularly the Minis-
ters of this Place, has uniformly accommodated them with farms at a rent far
below their value : both Ministers have good commodious houses, with suitable
offices, pasture and hay for two cows and a horse, and allowance for a garden ;
and the Minister of the Highland Charge has also an allowance for a glebe :
Patron, The Duke of Argyle : An elegant Church in the Gothic style, after a
design by Mr. Milne, has lately been erected, comprising the two places of
Worship under one roof. It is in the Presbytery of Inverary, and Synod of
Argyle. The Resident Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 2051,
and, in 1811, was,
For the Burgh, and Parish of Inverary, 1113.
For the Parish of Glen-Aray - - 948.
2061.
it is 114|^ m. W. b. N. from Edinburgh. It is a regular well-built town, plea-
santly situate on a small Bay, a few miles from the head o^ Loch Fine, where the
riwGX Aray, or Aoreidh ^aWs into that arm of the sea. The O/t/ Town, which
was a dirty ill-built village, situate on the North side of the Bay, upon the lawn
immediately before the Castle, was removed to its present site, and the greater
part re-built by The Duke of Argyle, who is Proprietor of the whole Town.
It seems probable, that, prior to the beginning of the Fourteenth Century, Inverary
VOL. II. I
I N V
waslittle more thana place for fishermen, who lived by their occupation ; but, about
that period, the Family of Apgyle having fixed upon it as their place of residence,
and the Hereditary Jurisdictions of Justiciary and Sheriff of Argyle being vested
in them, it became the Seat of the Courts, and the Shire Town : and here the
Circuit Court of Justiciary, for the Western Circuit, is holden. It was erected
into a Royal Borough by a Charter from King- Charles the First, dated at Caris-
brook Castle in the Isle of Wight, on the 28th of January 1648 ; and is governed
by a Provost, 2 Baillies, and a Council, nominated by The Duke. Inverary is
one of the Contributary Royal Boroughs with Irvine, in sending one Member to
Parliament. The Revenues arise from the petty customs, and the rent of a
Common, which, at the first erection of the Burgh, was bestowed upon it by the
family of Argyle : and, some years ago, Archibald Duke of Argyle, seeing
how inadequate this revenue was for the occasions of the Burgh, added to it a
perpetual annuity of £20., secured upon his estate. The inhabitants are em-
ployed in various manufactures of linen, woollen, iron, and carpentry ; but the
chief gupport of the place is from the numerous shoals of herrings that annually
visit Loch Fine. The Salary of the Grammar School is £31. .11. .8., and that of
the English School is £"19. .3.. 4. : both the Masters have quarter fees and perqui-
sites, together with each a house, garden, and grass for a cow, gratis, from the
family of Argyle, The Duke of Argyle also allows a Salary to a Schoolmaster,
who teaches near the bridge of Douglas, where the woollen manufactory is estab-
lished : and there is likewise a School at Tlie Forge, in the Southern extre-
mity of the Parish, where a Company from Lancashire, in 1754, erected a blast
furnace for smelting iron ore, by means of wood charcoal. A General Post-OfRce
is established here. The Parish of Inverary is about 18 miles in length, and
3 miles in breadth, stretcliing along the coast of Loch Fine. Its appearance is
hilly, and even mountainous, though interspersed with several tracts of flat land,
particularly about the Town, and the vale of Glen-Shira, which is 5 miles in
length. The whole of the level ground is arable, with a rich deep soil ; but the
rest is shallow, and not naturally fertile, though that part which is in the imme-
diate occupation of The Duke, is cultivated upon the most improved system of
agriculture. It is watered by the rivers Aray, and Shira, which fall into Loch
Fine near the Town. The climate is rainy. Fuel is expensive. The Planta- '
tions arc extensive, and finely laid out, every improveable crevice, glen, and
mountain, being covered with woods of immense value. The whole Parish is
the property of The Duke of Argyle, except two Farms, which belong to three
I N V
small Heritors. Game, of various kinds, are in great abundance. The English
is the prevailing language in the Town, and the Gaelic in the country District.
Not far from the Town, is The Castle of Inverarv, the princely residence of
the Ancient and Illustrious Family of Campbell, Duke, Marquis, and Earl of
Argyle, and Lord of Inverary : the spacious hall is hung round with arms and
other ornaments, suited to the dignity of an Highland Castle ; but the rest of
the house, is fitted up in a modern style, with exquisite taste ; and, from the
Lawn, the scenery is grand beyond conception. A line of road Westward, across
the middle of Loch Awe at the Ferry of Portansherry, to Loch Feochan on the
Atlantic Ocean, a distance of twenty miles, is now under the consideration of
The Parliamentary Commissioners. The old residence of the Argyle family
was a very large and strong Castle, within a short distance of the present one,
towards the river, which has been taken down for many years : it Avas inhabited
about the latter end of the Fourteenth Century by Colin, surnamed JomjriUdch
or The Wonderful, on account of his marvellous exploits and odd vvhims ;
among which may be mentioned the burning of his house at Inverary, on re-
ceiving a visit from the O'Nieles of Ireland, that he might have a pretence to
entertain his Illustrious guests in his splendid field equipage. Dub Loch, a deep
and dark fresh water Lake, communicates with Loch Fine by a small river
about a quarter of a mile in length, over which there is a Bridge: this Lake is
abundantly stocked with the finest fish, and the Family are always amply sup-
plied from it: it lies at the bottom of a very picturesque Glen, called Glen
Shim, in which, at about two miles distance from Inverary are The Duke's
Drying Barns: These buildings have been found very useful in so wet a cli-
mate, for, by means of them, hay may be made, or corn dried, during the
heaviest rains. The Duke's v\hole harvest in wet seasons, and some of it
in all seasons, is dried in these buildings, ii particular description, with a plan
of them, is given by Dr. Smith, of Campbell-Town, in his valuable Agricul-
tural Survey of the Shire of Argyle. His Grace has been so fully convinced
of the utility of this mode of drying, that he has fitted up several small Barns for
that purpose, in the immediate vicinity of Inverary : and, as the corn in the West
Highlands is often cut down before it is perfectly ripe, and can scarcely ever
be well dried by exposure in the open fields, it is much to be wished that such
contrivances for drying were more common. Near the centre of the Town of
Inverary, is a monument not long since erected to the memory of several gen-
tlemeo, of the name of Campbell, who were massacred at one time near
12
I N V
the spot: The amiable and patriotic Earl of Argyle having joined The Duke of
Monmouth's Rebellion; in 1685, it would seem that a neighbouring Clan, after
that mifortunate expedition, was deputed by Government to carry destruction
through the whole Clan of Campbell ; and, as Mr. Pennant says, " was let slip,
armed Avith the dreadful writ of fire and sword, to act at discretion among aa
unhappy people ;" seventeen Gentlemen of respectability, of the name of Camp-
bell, were taken at Inverary, and instantly executed, without even the formality
of a trial. The monument contains an inscription, commemorating, with a
moderation that does honour to the writer, the justice of the cause in which his
relatives fell. Besides this Monument, there stands in the plain before the Castle,
a long rude Pillar of stone, said to have been erected to their memory ; but ia
many parts of the Highlands, similar stones point out the Burial place of some
Hero, which are of much earlier date ; and there is scarcely a doubt but that this
Pjllar has been erected at a period much more remote than the massacre of the
Campbells. See, Kill-Modan, Loch- Goil- Head, and Strachur.
INVER-AVON, V. BORROWSTOWN-NESS.
INVER-AVON, partly in the Shire of Banff, and partly in the Shire of
Elgin: formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 800 merks
Scotch, and 60 merks Scotch for Communion elements, with 48 bolls of meal, at
8 stones the boll : a glebe of 4 Scotch acres and 28 falls, together with grass for
two cows, and a horse : the manse was built in 1775, and the offices in 1769 :
Patron, Lord Seafield : The Church, which is very old, is dedicated to St. Peter.
This was the Seat of the Chancellor of the Diocese of Moray and the Vicar-
ages of Knockando and Urquhart, were dependent upon it. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Aberlour, and Synod of Moray. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 2107, and, in 1811, was 2260. It is lU m. N. E. from Gran-
town. This Parish is about 18 miles in length, and 5 miles in breadth ; and,
besides the rivers Avon and Spey, is watered by the Livet, a stream -which gives
tlie name of Glen Livet to a considerable District of this Parish. The surface is
irregular, but not mountainous : the soil in the lower grounds is wet, and mossy:
on the sides of the hills, it is light, and dry : but in more elevated situations, it
becomes muiry : the District of Glen Livet is remarkably fertile, the soil being a
light loam, on a bed of limestone. Around the walls of the old Cha[)cl of Ditnan,
is a burying-ground ; and, at Deskie, about five miles higher up the glen, on
llie West side of the Cromby, and opposite to Badavochle, there was anotlier ;
lx)th of which are in use. There was also a Chapel, and Burying-ground, on
I N V
the West side ^of Avon, in the estate of KUl-Machlie, almost opposite to the
mouth ofLivet; and the Farm-town, in the midst whereof it was, is from it
called Chapel-Town: there are evident marks of graves, witii stones set up at
the heads of some of them ; but no Person has been Ijuried liere, for time imme-
morial. Within the Cliurch-yard is a good School-house, which is slated : the
salary being 12 bolls of meal, at 9 stone the boll. In Glen Livet, there is one of
the Society's Schools, which is ambulatory between Deskie, and Badavochle,
being stationed sometimes at the one place, and sometimes at the other ; the
salary being about £15. Sterling, which is esteemed too little. The Roads, and
Bridges, are in good repair. There are the remains of three Druidical temples,
near the House o( Ballendalloch, on the grounds of Bellavillcr, and a third on a
small rising ground, a little below the mouth of the Livet, called T//e Dune of
Dilmore. Peats are abundant here.
INVER BAGASTY, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of Far.
It is situate at the confluence of the river Bagasty with Loch Naver, and at the
distance of 233^ m. N. B. W. from Edinburgh.
INVER BERVIE, v. BERV IE.
INVER -CARITY, or INVER-QUHARITY, v. KIRRIE-MUIR.
INVERCAULD, v. BRAE-MAR.
INVER-CHAOLAIN, in the District of Cowal, and Shire of Argyle;
formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £14..3..4. in money,
113 bolls 1 firlot 1 peck 2 lippies of meal, £8. .6.. 8. for Communion elements,
and £17..12..0. by Parliamentary augmentation, and a glebe : the manse, and
offices, are in good repair : Patron, The Marquis of Bute : The Church was
built in 1745. It is in the Presbytery of Dunoon, and Synod of Argyle. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 626, and, in 1811, was 552.
It is 67 ra. N. from Rothesay. It is situate at the confluence of the rivulet
Chaolain with Loch Straven, an arm of the sea, which intersects the Parisli for
about 8 miles, and abounds with various kinds of fish. The surface is rugged,
and principally appropriated to the pasturage of sheep. The rains are frequent,
and heavy. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with
School-fees, and perquisites, and a rood of land. Game is in plenty. Here is
a considerable extent of natural wood. Knockdotv is the seat of James Lamont,
Esq., a Gentleman of considerable landed property ; and who, under many dis-
advantages of climate and soil, raises crops equal to any in the West of Scotland.
South- Hall is the delightful residence of Mr. Campbell, Proprietor of nearly one
I N V
half of the Parish. On the farms of Ardetn, and Achavuillin, are many vestiges
of D-raves, and cairns. At the mouth of Loch Ridan, is a small Island, called
Eallang-Heirrig, which is memorable as being the place, in 1685, where The
Duke of Monmouth, in his invasion of the Kingdom in concert with Archibald
Earl of Argyle, deposited his spare arms and ammunition ; and which soon
after fell into the hands of the Royal party.
INVER-CRUDEN, v. CRUDEN.
INVER-ERNON, v. TARLAND.
INVER-ESK, in the Shire of Edinburgh : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was two chalders of wheat, three chalders of barley, and three
chalders of oats, paid in money, at thenars of Mid-Lothian, and £62. in money,
including Communion elements : there is likewise a glebe of 5^ acres, inclosed
by Alexander Carlyle, D. D., together with a manse, and garden, and a field
before the hou«e, making in all an acre, which were given by the Town of Mussel-
burgh to the Minister of the Parish, when the manse was built in 1681 ; and for
an addition to this field, made in 1758, he pays one shilling yearly of feu-duty :
Since 1702, there has been an Assistant Probationer, for whom there is a Aery
slender support, out of certain funds allotted for that purpose : Patron, The Duke
of Biiccleugh : The Church, which is ruinous, was dedicated to St. Michael, and
is built on the site of a Roman Fort, and with many of the materials from the
ruins of the Pi-cctormm. It is in the Presbytery of Dalkeith, and Synod of Lothian
and Tweeddale, The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (containing
The Jurisdiction of the Burgh of Musselburgh ; and the Country District, which
comprises the village of Inver-Esk, the country of South-East, Monkton-Hall,
Monktonan(ZCairney,White-HillantZ New Hailes, Stony -Hill and Stony-Bank,
and the Coal-pits at Craig-Hall) was 6604, and, in 1811, was 6393. It is 5 m,
E. from Edinburgh. The situation of this Parish is one of the most beautiful in
Scotland, upon the banks of the river Esk, which empties itself about half a mile
below into the Firth of Forth : and from the salubrity of the climate, and its
agreeable site, has obtained, of old, the name of the Monlpellier of North Britain.
It contains 3571 acres, the soil of which varies according to its distance from the
sea: along the coast it is sandy, but having been for ages in a high state of culti-
vation for gardens and small fields, in the neighbourhood of the villages, is
abundantly fertile : on the banks of the river, the soil is naturally productive :
towards the South-East and South-West, it is more of a clayey nature, capable
pf raising great crops, especially of wheat, under proper culture : agriculture is,
I N V
however, but little improved, though some of the Farmers have adopted the new
System. Between the Village, and the Towns of Musselburgh and Fisher-Row,
lie the spacious and pleasant downs called Mussellmrgh Links, which furnish a
field for playing the Golf] the favourite amusement of the inhabitants, and dry
walks at all seasons of the year. From the foundations of various buildings, and
other antiquities that have been discovered here, it appears that this was not
merely a military Station, but was a Colonia Roniana or Mtinictpium ; and that
the Romans had many houses and buildings near the sea, as well as their Prce-
toriiim at \n\er-Esk. In this Parish lies the field o( Tlie Battle of Pinkie, in
1547, under their Regent, The Earl of Arran, when Queen Mary was an Infant,
and with such slaughter among the Scots : this battle was fought on the field
that lies between the Village of Inver-Esk and Walliford, and Carberry ; and
was brought on by the usual impetuosity of the Scots, who would not wait until
the English army, commanded by The Protector Somerset, which was begin-
ning to run short of provisions, had been obliged to return home. The Scottish
army were encamped on that large field V/est of the Esk, which went by the
name of Edminstone Edge; the English lay at the places, now called Drum-
more a»ui Walliford. Just over the field of battle, there is a hill, which was
still more fatal to this imprudent Princess, on the 15th of June 1567, and has
been known ever since by the name of the Queens Seat : this is the top of the
hill of Carberry, where the Queen sat upon a stone, and held a conference with
KiRKALDY, of Grange, who had been commissioned for that purpose by tlie Con-
federate Lords of Scotland : During this parley, the profligate Botuwell, vvho
had taken leave of the Queen for the last time, rode off the field to Dunbar : As
soon as he was out of danger, Mary suffered herself to be led by Kirkaldy to
Morton and the other Lords, who received her with due marks of respect, and
ample promises of future loyalty and obedience : the sequel is well known : The
Society of Antiquaries of London, with a laudable zeal to commemorate Histo-
rical events, have published a curious view of this subject : And the late
Proprietor of Carberry, John Fullarton, Esq., has marked this spot to posterity
by planting a copse-wood upon it. Pinkie House was built by Alexander
Seton, first Earl of Dunfermlin, in the year 1622 : on the forfeiture of the family,
in 1688, the House, and Barony, were purchased by the Noble family of Tweed-
dale, from w'iom, in the year 1778, it was bought by Sir Archibald Hope,
Bart., of Cratghatl, and is now a more comfortable dwelling-house than ever.
Free-stone, and lime-stone, are abundant : but the most valuable mines are
I N V
those of coal, which lie under the whole Parish, and are very productive. The
Roads are bad. When Oliver Cromwell was here in 1650, while his foot were
encamped on the Links of Musselburgh, the Church served as a Stable for his
cavalry ; and the place, where his own tent was erected, is still shown on the
Links. There are two mounts or ramparts ; one on the North side, and another
on the East end of the Church-yard, that are called Oliver's Mounts, and are
supposed to have been thrown up by Cromwell ; one of them to command the
Bridge, and the other to defend his magazine, which was in the village of Inver-
Esk. The Duke of Buccleugh is Patron of the Parish, as possessing the Lord-
ship of Inver-Esk ; which formerly belonged to Sir Robert Dickson, o^ Car-
berry, and who sold it to Tlie Duchess of Monmouth, about the beginning of the
Eighteenth Century. His Grace holds also the lands of Smeaton and Castle-
Steads, and likewise the Lordship of Musselburgh, in this Parish. The Town of
Musselburgh has also a considerable estate in this Parish, which is holdcn of
The Duke of Buccleugh. There are many other smaller Proprietors of land,
who are all portioners of the Lordship of Inver-Esk, as they are called, or feuars
of Ihe Barony of Pinkie, or of the Town of Musselburgh. See, Musselburgh, and
Fisher-Roiv.
INVER-FARIGAG, v. DAVIOT.
INVER-GORDON, in the Shire of Ross ; and in the Parish of Rosskeen. It
is situate on the Northern shore of the Firth of Cromarty, over wliich there is a
reg-ular Ferrv. A General Post-Office is established here. It has a safe Har-
hour for vessels of 100 tons burden, and seems well adapted for a manufacturing
Village. Inver- Gordon Castle, now the seat of Mr. Macleod, of Cadboll, is
surrounded with extensive woods, and is a beautiful place.
INVER-GOWRIE, partly in the Shire of Forfar, and partly in the Shire of
Perth : an ancient Parish, now comprehended in the Parish of Liff: The
Church-yard is still in use. It is in the Presbytery of Dundee, and Synod of
Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 36,
and, in 1811, was 63. It is 3 ra. W. from Dundee. Inver-Gowrie is of remote
antiquity, as a place of Christian Worship, and perhaps the most ancient on the
Northern side of the Tay: the first Church having been built by Boniface, a
Legate or Misssionary, on his landing here with some attendants from Rome,
about the year 620. About half a mile from hence, upon the hill of Inver-
Covvrie, are the remains of a Roman Camp, which bears the name of Cater
Melliej it had a communication, on the North- East,with theCamp of! Hare Faulds,
I N V
and it must also have answered the purpose, according to Mr. Chalmers, of
keeping up a communication wilh the Roman sliipping in the Tay : its site is
now surrounded wilh a plantation of trees. From hence Alexander the First
embarked, on his narrow escape Horn assassination at the Palace of Liff. A
proper Pier at this place would be of singular advantage for the importation of
lime, and coals, which are the principal fuel in this neighbourhood. See, Liff.
INVERGUESECIIAN, in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Argyle ; and in
the Parish of Ardchattan. A Missionary preaches here alternately with Glencoe,
and Glen-Creran. It is in the district of GlenEtive.
INVER-KEILOR, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was 174 bolls of victual, whereof 12 are wheat, and the re-
mainder oat-meal and barley, payable at the price of the Fiars of the County,
and £'8. .6.. 8. Sterling for Communion elements: the manse was re-built in
1805 : the glebe consists of 4 acres of arable land, and £15. Scotch, with a brae
of about an acre for grass : The Church is in excellent condition. It is in the
Presbytery of Aber-Brothock, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1704, and, in 1811, was 1787. It is 6
m. N. b. E. from Aber-Brothock. This Parish contains upwards of 8000 acres.
The general appearance is level, except on the North bank of the river Lmian,
which rises by a gradual ascent the length of three middle-sized fields of good
land sloping to the South. The soil is dry and fertile, and is almost all in a high
state of cultivation. The air is pure, and healthy. It would appear, that
the lands of this Parish have been long under productive cultivation, as other
three Parishes have had, for time immemorial, a great part of their victual Sti-
pend paid from the lands of Inver-Keilor. The extent of Sea-coast is about six
miles : that part of it which stretches along the Bay of Lunan, and which affords
safe anchorage for ships when the wind is from the West, is flat and sandy :
but, towards the South, it is bold and rocky, and rises into a lofty Promontory,
called 77oran to that
o( Leve7i, and as far North as Kinross. It is governed by a Provost, two Baillies,
a Dean of Guild, and Treasurer, who are annually elected by the Counsellors
and the Deacons of the Trades. The Town-Council, including the Magistrates,
cannot be less than twenty ; but it is not limited to any greater number ; so that
the whole Burgess inhabitants might be made Counsellors ; and what is very
singular, the Counsellors continue in office during life and residence. Many of
their extensive rights and dues have been sold and disposed of at different times ;
but their annual revenue is still pretty considerable, and is faithfully applied iu
anprovements, for the advantage and convenience of the inhabitants. Inver-
Keilhing is one of the Contributary Royal Boroughs with Stirling, iu sending one
Member to Parliament. The Harbour is very commodious, having at Spring
tides from 13 to 15 feet water, with excellent Quays for the accommodation of
the Shipping. Coals are the principal export. Here are a few Salt-pans. A
branch of the Custom-house of Borrowstown-Ness is established here, for the
convenience of the Coasting trade carried on from this Port, and from St. David's,
the property of Sir John Henderson, Bart., of Fordel, and the great Shipping-
place of his extensive coal-works. A General Post-Office is established here.
In the time of David the First, this was a Royal residence ; there were also
Convents for the Franciscans and Dominicans, and there is an ancient HousCj
called The Inns, which still has peculiar privileges and exemptions, not being
within the Jurisdiction of the Magistrates, and which appears to have been one
of them. The Parish of Inver-Keithing is about 3|- miles in length, and one
mile in breadth. The surface, except the Ferry Hills, is either flat or gently rising
ground ; the greater part of which is a strong rich clay, yielding plentiful
crops. The climate is healthy. The roads are good. Upon the summit of
Lethem Hill, are the remains of a Druidical temple ; and, in the Northern
part of the Parish, is a stone 10 feet high, called The Standing Stone, on
which are several rude figures of men and horses. This Parish gave birth
to Commodore Roxburgh, and Admiral Greig, both of whom distinguished
themselves in the Russian Service. The Estates of Logie and Urquhart,
near Dunfermlin, are legally in this Parish ; though annexed to Dunfermlin,
qtioad sacra.
INVER-KEITHNY, in the Shire of Banff : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend
K2
I N V
of which, ill 1811, was £'150., and a glebe : Patron, Mr. Morison, of Bognie :
The Church, and Manse, are situate in a narrow valley, near the bank of
the river Doveron. It formerly belonged to the Presbytery of Huntley, and
Synod of Moray ; but an exchange was made with the Parish of Mortlach,
Avhich originally was in the Presbytery of TurrefF, and Synod of Aberdeen, and
the Minister of Inver-Keithny still draws 6s. 8(/. Sterling, as the feu-duty of a
house in Elgin, which has, probably, been one of the Stalls in the Cathedral
there. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 503, and, in 1811,
was 533. It is 6 m. W, S. W. from Turreff. This Parish derives its name from
the large Burn o{ Keithny, Avhich falls into the Doveron near the Church: it is
situate on the South side of the river, and is in the Coramissariot of Moray : being
from 5 to 6 miles in length, and between 4 and 5 miles in breadth : the soil is
tolerable, and a considerable quantity of grain is annually raised here. There is
scarcely any thing in the Parish, that can be called moss, or peats: the inhabit-
ants are supplied with peats from the mosses in the neighbouring Parishes ; and
they also burn a kind of turf, which they get with difficulty upon the hills. Banff
is the nearest Sea-port where coals can be obtained, and is about 12 English
miles distant from the Church. There is no regular Village in the Parish.
INVER KIRK- AG, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of Assint.
It is situate on the Western coast, and is a convenient place for a Fishing Station,
though the Bay is shallow.
INVER LEITH, v. LEITH, NORTH.
INVER-LEITHEN, partly in the Shire of Peebles, and partly in the Shire
of Selkirk : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, wasiil50.,and
a glebe of 10 acres ; the manse is in good repair: Patron, Oswald, oi Aiichen^
cruive: The Church was lately re-built, and, for its size, is one of the neatest in
the County, It is in the Presbytery of Peebles, and Synod of Lothian and
Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish was.
In 1801. In 1811.
For that part, which is in the Shire of Peebles. - 542. 635.
For that part, which is in the Shire of Selkirk. - 67. 42.
609. 677.
It is 5\ m. E. S. E. from Peebles. The Market is well supplied. The Fair is on
the 14th of October, The water of Leiibr«»/ does not occur, till near a century after this ; the Office being
first created in the person of Alexander Dunbar, son to the last James Dunbar,
Earl of Moray. Even about this time, however, we find the Sheriff of Inver-
ness continued to exercise some Jurisdiction within the County of Moray or
Elgyn: for, in a question respecting the Multures of the Lands of Quarrywood,
near Elgyn, Robert Hay, Sheriff of Inverness, gave judgement along with
" The Honourable and Potent Lord Archibald Douglas, Knight," who must
have been the Earl Archibald, and not merely the Sherif, as the Author of the
History of Moray supposes. The Shires of Forres, and Nairn, and of Crombalh
I N V
or Cromarty, appear to have been erected as early as that of Elgyn : we find
them mentioned in the Regulations adopted for the Government of Scotland
after its conquest by Edward the First, in 1304. The Regulations being little
known, an extract (from Rvmer's Feeder a) \» made of a part of them, which
throws much light on the Division of Scotland at that period :
Likewise it is agreed, that the Viscounts (Sheriffs) who shall dwell in the
land, be people born of the counti-y of Scotland^ or English, and be appointed and
removed by the King's Lieutenant and by the Chamberlain, according to their
discretion. These Sheriffs perform everything relating to Escheats as the Sheriffs
were wont to do, and that they who shall be appointed Sheriffs be the most
sufficient, the fittest, and most profitable that can be found, for the King, for the
People, and for keeping and maintaining the Peace ; and for the present, the
Roll of Sheriffs to be as follows : —
\. That the Chamberlain, vvho shall have the keeping of the Castle of
Berwick, appoint under him such a one as he can answer for, to be
Sheriff of Berwick.
2. Of Edinburgh, Haddington, and Linlithgow, Ive de Adeburgh, Sheriff.
Robert Hastings " valett,''*
Sheriff.
- " He who has it in Fiet^viz.
The Heritable Sherifi'.
- Richard Siward.
Thomas Mac CuUoch.
Godefroi de Ros.
Henri de St. Clair.
- John de Montieth, Sheriff
and Constable, i. e. of
the Castle,
- William Bissett, Sheriff
and Constable.
- Malcolm de Innerpeffer.
- " He vvho has it in Fief, "vt'e.
The Heritable Sheriff.
- Constantine de Lochore.
- John de Inchmartyn.
- William de Airth.
3. Of Peebles
4. of Selkirk,
5. of Dumfries,
6. ofWigton,
7. of Ayr,
8. of Lanark, -
9. ofDunbarton,
10. of Stirling, - _ .
IL of Clackmannan, -
12. of Auchterarder and Kinross,
13. of Fife, _ . -
14. of Perth,
15. of Forfar, - - -
L2
1 N V
16. of Kincardine, - - _ - _ Richard dc Dunnaore.
17. of Aberdeen, ----- Norman de Leslie.
18. of Banff, Walter de Barclay.
19. ofEkin, ------ William Wiseman.
20. of Forres and Innernairn, - - - Alexander Wiseman.
21. of Inverness, ----- John de Stirling,
22. of Cromarty, ----- William de Urquhart, of
Urqtihart, who is Herit-
able Sheriff.
In this List we may observe, that Elgin is distinct from Forres, and Nairn : no
notice is taken of Renfrew, which was probably included in Lanark, nor of
Kirkcudbright ; Argyle, Caithness, and Sutherland, could hardly be subdued, or
with Ross may have been included in Inverness. It does not appear, that
Edward removed any of those Persons who held their Offices by Charter, since
we find the Heritable Sheriffs of Kinross, Selkirk, and Cromarty are mentioned :
the name of the last is much disfigured by successive transcribers, but we are
still able to discover that the Urquharts, of Cromarty, had a separate Jurisdic-
tion in this small tract, while most of the North of Scotland was comprehended
in the Shire of Inverness. This system of Hereditary Jurisdiction, which we
see had already begun, extended by degrees over the greater part, if not the
whole, of Scotland. It was in many instances of the most pernicious effect, iu
obstructing or defeating the purposes of justice and national polity, while, to
accommodate the prejudices of Feudal times, some singular annexations and
subdivisions were made in the different Counties. The Abolition of this System,
in 1748, is therefore considered with justice, as one of the greatest National
benefits that Scotland ever received, — of greater importance to her prosperity
and welfare, than even The Union of the Kingdom. But the Act of 1748,
though well intended, did not do enough ; for, although these annexed lands
were by that Act made subject to the Sheriff' Couvls of that Shire in which they
are locally situate, or to which they are more immediately adjacent; yet, in all
other cases, whether of Police, Taxation, Military Service, or Elective Fran-
chise, they remain in the same circumstances as before. Whether the ancient
Sheriff is to be considered as a Civil or a Military Officer, is not determined.
Besides his Office as a Judge, he had the poM'er of calling out the Militia and
presiding at " Weapon Shatimigs" though this probably only extended to the
Freeholders or Tenants in capite. It would appear, however, that tliere was no
I N V
Sheriff but in the Stations where Royal Fortresses existed. This was, at least,
the case at Elgin, Forres, Nairn, and Inverness ; to the North of which last men-
tioned place, there does not appear that any Royal Fortress ever existed. The
Sheriff also appears to have been ex officio Keeper or Constable of the Castle ; we
see, that this is particularly mentioned with respect to the important Fortresses of
Stirling and Dumbarton, under Edward, and we shall find it the case likewise
in Nairn. Justice was at that time more frequently administered in the Halls of
the Baron, or by the decision of the Church, than in the Court of the Sheriff, and
hence we may account for the influence which the Clergy had in regulating the
bounds of Counties. The erection of the Sheriffdom of Moray, properly .so called,
took place in the reign of James the Second, and was, perhaps, the first material
dismemberment of the Shire of Inverness. In tracing its history it appears, that
TnoMAs Randolph had been created Earl of Moray with very extensive powers,
by King Robert Bruce. His Jurisdiction comprehended the whole Country
from Spey, to the Western Ocean, and was bounded on the North by the river
Forna or Beaulie. This Earldom, after two generations, reverted, by the failure
of male heirs, to the Crown. John Dunbar, descended from the Randolphs,
by the female line, having married a daughter of Robert the Second, was
created Earl of Moray, with the exception of Badenoch, Lochaber, and some
other districts. His descendant Alexander being accounted illegitimate, was
deprived of the Earldom in the Minority of James the Second, but was however
Knighted, and made Heritable Sheriff oi Moray ; he is the first of whom men-
tion is made, and the office remained with his heirs, until after The Union, in
1707. It is, therefore, probable that the Sheriffdom comprehended only the
lands annexed to the Earldom after its restoration to the Dunbars, while Bade-
noch, Lochaber, and the other Districts, upon reverting to the Crown, fell again
under the Jurisdiction of the Sheriffs of Inverness. In 1405, Donald, Thane of
Calder, was seized Sheriff and Constable of Nairn: his Grandson, William,
procured, in 1476, those parts of his estate, which were situate in Inverness or
Forres, to be annexed to the Shire of Nairn. Hence the estate oi Ferintosh in
the present Shire of Ross, that of Dunmaglas in Strath Errick, and that of
Easter Moy near Forres, form a part of the Shire of Nairn ; as does also a small
field, already mentioned, in the Town and Burgh lands of Inverness. With
respect to Roads, &c., the District o{ Dunmaglas is usually exchanged for that
of Budzeat a part of Inverness, which is nearly as much insulated in the Shire
of Nairn. The next idea of dismembering Inverness, occurs in the beginning of
I N V
the Fifteenth Century ; it being proposed by an Act of the sixth T>prUament of
James the Fourth, dated the 1 1th of March 1503, to make a Sheriff of Ross, and
one of Caithness, including Sutherland, " because there has been great lacke
" and fault of justice in the North parts, as Caithness and Rosse, for fault of
" division of the Schirefedome of Innernes, quhilk is over greate, and thay parts
•' are sa far distant fra the said Burgh of Innerness," &c. —
The defeat of Haco, King of Norway, at the battle of Largs, in the middle of
the Thirteenth Century, had destroyed the power of the Norwegian Monarchs
over the Western Isles. Yet, under The Lords of The Isles, tliey continued
independent, even in name of the Crown of Scotland, till after the battle of
Harlaw, in 1411. Donald of The Isles having a right to the Earldom of Ross,
raised an army of his countrymen, in order to take possession of it. Not con-
tented with that, he also marched forward and laid waste the country as far as
the Shire of Aberdeen : being met at length by The Earl of Marr, at Harlaw,
he was defeated with great slaughter, and thereupon immediately retreated to
The Isles. He was, however, by no means subdued, but continued a very
powerful and dangerous neighbour during the greater part of that century. His
influence seems also to have been considerable even on the Main- Land ; for
many families in the Shire of Inverness held their lands by Charter from The
Lords of The Isles. In the beginning of the year 1476, John of The Isles
was proscribed by Act of Parliament ; and a powerful fleet and army being col-
lected with a view to reduce him, he was persuaded to make his submission,
surrendering the Earldom of Ross, which was then declared to be unalienable
from the Crown, and consenting to hold his Insular possessions of the King in
future. Although the independence of this Chieftain was thus destroyed, it does
not appear that Argyle, Lochaber, or The Isles, were included in any Sheriff-
dom, until the beginning of the Sixteenth Century. For, at the same time with
the Act concerning Ross, and Caithness, we have another, stating the great
want of justice in the North and South Isles, " wherethrow the people are al-
'' most gane wilde ;" accordingly the Act provides, that Justices shall be
appointed : " Those of the North Isles to have their seat and place of justice ia
** Inverness or Dingwall, as the matter occurris to be decerned by the said Jus-
" tices. In like manner, another Justice and Schireffc to be made for The South
" Isles, to have his place in the Tarbat of Loch Kinkcrrane," i. e., Campbell-
Town, in Kintyre. Again, in the Acts of James the Fourth, it is stated, that there,
are parts between Badenoch and Lochaber, " ichich have been out of use to cum to
I N V
Justice Aires'^ (Assizes), wherefore it is provided, that " the Lands, called Do-
" wart and Glen Dowart, and also the Lordship of Lome, cum and answer and
" underly the Law at the Justice Aires of Perth, Mawmore Lochaber aforesaid
" to cum to the Aire of Inverness, Ergyle, when it pleases the King, sail cum
" to Perth," Ac-
Yet, notwithstanding these Statutes, the proposed Regulations seem either to
have been forgotten or very inperfcctly executed, a thing by no means wonderful
in a wild and inaccessible country. James the Fifth undertook an Expedition to
The Isles, in 1539. Setting sail from Leith, he visited the Orkneys, Lewis,
Skye, and the Western coasts of the Main-land, obliging the several Chieftains
to submit to his authority, A particular account of this Expedition is still ex-
tant, and affords a tolerable idea of the progress of the Scots in Navigation.
The Bearings and Distances of most of the remarkable objects on the Voyage
are noticed. It is the first time that we are accurately informed of the names of
the several Clans, by our Historians, and it may be considered as the first time
that the Western parts of the Kingdom were reduced into subjection. James
seems to have been aware of the importance of this part of his Dominions in a
Commercial point of view, and took considerable pains in endeavouring to intro-
duce the Arts of Civilization into The Isles. For this purpose, a Company hav-
ing been formed, a Colony of Settlers, drawn chiefly firom the coast of Fife, was
established at Stornotcay in The Letvis, and various others were projected.
They had, however, to maintain their ground in Lewis by force of arms, and
suffered so much annoyance from the jealous and hostile disposition of the Na-
tives, that, at last, they were forced to come into terms with them, and entirely
abandon the establishment. The task of reducing the Island of Lewis was at
length accomplished by the Mackenzies, Lords of Kintail ; they succeeded
partly by force, and partly by fomenting the Divisions of the petty Chieftains,
until the descendants of the principal Family were completely extirpated. The
Manuscript Histories of the Family of Mackenzie describe the Inhabitants, as a
race of" pirates worse than those of Algiers," prone to commit the most atro-
cious crimes ; — but, with mingled Pride and Satisfaction, we now draw the
singular contrast to the manners of the Inhabitants of this part of the Empire,
among whom, from Shetland to The MuLLof Cantyre, a capital crime has not
been knoicn for many years.
Nothing had been done towards the Division of the Shire of Inverness, so late
as the year 1633. In the first Parliament of Charles the First we fhid an Act
I N V
against the Clan Gregor, at that time under proscription, wherein the " Sheriffs
" of Perth, Dumbartane, Angus, Mearns, Sterling, and the Stewarts of the
" Stewartries of Stratherne, Menteith, BanfFe, Invernesse, Elgyn, and Forres,
" and their Deputes, the Sheriff of Cromarty and his Deputes, with the Provost
" and Baillies of the Burghs there, the Earls of Errol, Moray, &c., are nomin-
" ated Justices for trying the said Rebels," &c. No notice is taken of Ross,
Sutherland, Caithness, Nairn, nor Arg->'le. The Shire of Sutherland was first
erected during this Parliament, by an Act in favour of The Earl of Sutherland ;
it comprehended the Districts of Sutherland Proper, Assynt, Strath-Naver, and
Fairmatoftan, alias Cleipholes. It does not appear, whether Caithness Proper,
or the present Shire, was at that time a separate Jurisdiction or not : but, at
any rate, the erection of Sutherland necessarily disjoined it from Inverness.
At the Restoration, in 1660, the Counties of Argyle, Ross, Sutherland, Caith-
ness, and Nairn, were all distinct from Inverness, as appears by an Act of As-
sessment, in which Commissioners of Supply are appointed for the several
Counties in order. The Boundaries of Ross, however, were not finally settled
until the year 1661, since which time, excepting the Abolition of Heritable
Jurisdictions in 1748, there is no material alteration in the limits of the Shire of
Inverness. Inverness has the honour to give the title of Earl to His Royal
Highness The Duke of Sussex.
INVERNESS, SHIRE. This is one of the most extensive Shires in Scot-
land. It comprehends the great Districts of Badenoch, Loch-Aber, and Glen-
Elg, with several smaller Glens ; and several of the Hebrides are politically
attached to it. Independent of the Islands, it is about 92 miles in length, and
nearly 50 miles at its greatest breadth. Its Resident Population, in 1801, was
74,292, and, in 1811, was 78,336. It sends one Member to Parliament. It is
jirincipally appropriated to the pasturage of black cattle. See, Inverness.
INVERNETTIE, BAY, v. PETERHEAD.
INVER-NOCHTIE, v. STRATHDON.
INVER-PEFFOR, in the Shire of Forvar ; and in the Parish of St. Vigean's,
from which it is detached about four miles. This Estate was formerly the Seat
of the Fletchers, now of Salton, and was purchased by the family of Panmure,
some time in the Seventeenth Century.
INVERSANDA, in the District, and Shire of Aygyle : and in the Parish of
Ardnamurchan, It is 8 m. E. from Stronlian. Connected with the Corran
Ferry, and with the Moidart road here, a road has been proposed to The Par-
IN V
rjAMENTARY COMMISSIONERS, wliich is to traverse ihc rugged District ofMorvem
from the Sound of Mull, a distance of about 20 miles. The utility of such a
communication is perfectly evident, and it has been ascertained that it should
pass from Inversanda to Corry, about 8 miles, on the side of Loch Linnhe, and
then penetrate the interior of Morvern. The particular course of that part of
the road which would be most useful to the inhabitants, and especially the point
at which it is most desirable to reach the Sound of Mull, remains at present to
be explored.
INVERSCATEL HOUSE, v. APPIN
INVER SHIN, V. CRIECH.
INVER SNAID, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of Buchanan.
It is 14 m. N. W. from Drymen. Near this Village is a Ferry over the North-
ern extremity of Loch Lomond. Here is a small Fort, originally built about the
beginning of the Eighteenth Century, to repress the depredations of the Free-
booters, particularly the Clan of the Macgregors, who, at that time, infested
the neighbourhood. It was burned in 1745, but was afterwards repaired ; and
a Guard is now regularly mounted by a detachment of Soldiers from the Castle
of Dumbarton.
INVER-UGIE, V. FERGUS, ST.
INVERUGLAS, in the Shire of Dumbarton ; and in the Parish of Luss. It is
4 m. N. b. W. from Luss. This is a small Hamlet, situate at the confluence of
the river Douglas with Loch Lomond, over which there is a Ferry here.
INVERURY, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate
in the District of Garioch, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 64 bolls of meal and bear, and £'37..10..0.
Sterling : the manse was built in 1762 : the glebe consists of 4 acres : Patron, The
Earl ofKintore: The Church was built in 1774. It is in the Presbytery of
Garioch, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Town, and
Parish, in 1801, was 783, and, in 1811, was 907. It is 137 m. N. b. E. from
Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is established here. This is an ancient
Royal Borough, said to have been erected by King Robert Bruce, on occasion
of a signal victory obtained by him in the neighbourhood over Cumyn, Earl of
Buchan, King Edward the First's General in Scotland ; which success proved the
beginning of that good fortune, which attended him during the whole of his reign.
The oldest Charter is a novodanms by Queen Mary ; the Preamble of which
VOL. 11. M
I R V
states, tliat " Inverury had been a Royal Borough for time immemorial, but that
tlie Charter of its erection had been lost during the Civil Wars." It is governed
by a Provost, three Baillies, a Dean of Guild, a Treasurer, and three Coun-
sellors ; who have under their management the small revenue collected from
the customs of the Burgh. It it situate on a point of land, formed by the con-
fluence of the rivers Ury, and Don ; over the latter of which, an elegant Bridge
was erected, in 1791 : but another bridge over the Unj would contribute still
further to the improvement of the place. The Parish of Inverury contains about
4000 acres ; of which, about 2000 are arable. Along the banks of the rivers, the
soil is generally a light dry mould, on a bed of sand, very early, and producing
excellent crops in showery summers : towards the skirts of the Mountain of
Benocliee, the surface is more elevated, and appropriated to the Pasturage of
sheep. Woodhill is the elegant Seat, and beautifully ornamented Farm, of Mr.
Johnston. Fuel is scarce. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks,
together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a rood of land. Inverury gives the
title of Baron to the Ancient and Noble family of Falconer, Earl of Kintore,
who is Superior of most of the Houses in the Burgh, and Proprietor of one
half of the Parish.
INZIEVAR, t;. SALINE, and TORRYBURN.
lONA, V. I-COLM-KILL.
IRONGRAY, V. KIRK-PATRICK IRONGRAY.
IRVINE, or IRWINE, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally
situate in the District of Cuninghame, and Shire of Ayr : formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 7 chalders of victual, chiefly oat-meal, and
£500. Scotch : the manse is in decent repair : the glebe consists of 8 acres :
Patron, The Earl of Eglintoun : The Church was re-built in 1774. It is the
Seat of the Presbytery, which consists of 18 Parishes, and belongs to the Synod
of Glasgow and Ayr. The Minister has an Assistant, whose Salary is £40. : of
which, £'15. is paid out of the Town's funds, £10. by Session seals, and the
rest by an annual contribution among the Inhabitants. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 4584, and, in 181 1, was 5750. It is 68i
m. SW. b. W^. from Edinburgh. The Market is well supplied. The Fair com-
mences on the third Monday in August, and continues the whole week. A Ge-
neral Post-Office is established here. It is situate on a rising ground, of a sandy
soil, to the North of the river Irvine, and about half a mile distant from the
I S A
Harl)OUl-, which lies nearly to the South-West of it. The town is dry and vcell
aired, having a broad street running the whole length of it ; on the South side of
the river, but connected to the Town by a handsome stone bridge, is an uniform
row of liouses on each side of the road leading to the harbour, which are chiefly
inhabited by mariners : a number of the same kind of houses are built on the
great road leading to Ayr : none of these Suburbs, however, are within the
Royalty, being situate in the Parish of Dundonald, and are annexed only to
Irvine, quoad sacra: but part of these lands belong to the Town, as also the
Quay, and an Inn, which, by a singular feu, has the exclusive privilege of
selling ale and spirits there. It is uncertain when the Town was erected into
a Royal Borough, but a Charter is extant from Alexander the Second, con-
firming some grants from other Sovereigns. Irvine, in conjunction with the
Royal Boroughs of Rothesay, Inverary, Campbell-Town, and Ayr, sends one
Member to Parliament. The Revenue, arising from the Customs, and landed
possessions, is very ample. The Harbour is commodious, having from 9 to 11
feet Water on the bar, at spring tides. Its commerce has- greatly. increased of
late ; coals being the principal export. The Rector's Salary of the Grammar
School, which is ably conducted, is £18., together with School fees, and per-
quisites. The Salary of the English teacher is £10., together also with School
fees, and some small perquisites. The Parish of Irvine is about 5 miles in
length, and 2 miles in breadth. Upon the coast, and the banks of the river, the
surface is flat, and sandy: but to the North-East of the town, the soil is a light
loam, intermixed with gravel, and is abundantly fertile. The public roads are
in good repair. The ruins of the old Castle, belonging to The Earl of Eglintoun,
are said to occupy the site of an ancient Nunnery. There was also a Convent
belonging to the Carmelites, or White Friars, founded by the family of
Fullarton, before the year 1412, but not the smallest vestiges of it now remain,
Boiirtree-Hill, is the beautiful scat of The Honourable Mr. Hamilton. In this
Parish arose that Religious Sect, the Bitchanites, in 1784, so called from their
founder, Mrs. Buchan. Irvine gave the title of Viscount to the family of Ingram,
now extinct. It formerly belonged to the Monastery of Killwinning.
IRVING, in the Shire of Dumfries: an ancient Parish now comprehended in
the Parish of Kirk-Patrick Fleeming. It takes its name from a very ancient
and respectable family, which, in former times, enjoyed large possessions in
this part of the country. See, Kirk-Patrick Fleeming.
ISAY, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it consti-
M2
I S L
tutes part of the Parish of Harris, and is situate in West Loch Tarbert. This
is a long', flat Isle, and is appropriated to pasturage. It is in the Latitude of
57° 27' North. " I was particularly desirous," says Dr. Johnson (when looking
from the Castle o( Dunvegan) " to have viewed Jsay; but the storms did not
permit us to launch a boat, and we were condemned to listen in idleness to the
wind, except when we were better engaged by listening to the Ladies.''
ISLA-BANK, V. RUTHVEN.
ISLAND DEVAIN, v. BALLENOCH.
ISLAND MAREE, v. GAIRLOCH.
ISLAND MUND, v. APPIN.
ISLAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Argyle. This
Island, according to Mr. Jameson, is 32 miles long, and, in some places, nearly
as broad. It is the most Southern of the ^btidce, or Hebrides ; and its name is
traditionally derived from Isla, the daughter of one of the Kings of Lochlin, or
Nortcay, who was buried in the Parish of Killdalton. Dr. Campbell, in his
Political Survey of Great Britain, remarks that it is the Epidium Insulte, of
Ptolomey ; and he imagines (erroneously, however) that it is denominated Isla,
or Tlie Isle, as being the Seat of Government when the Western Isles were
ruled by the Princes of The Isles. The Fair is holden on the 18th of May. On
the Eastern side, the surface is liilly, and covered with heath ; but the greater
part of the Island is flat, and capable of much improvement. The coast is rugged
and rocky, but indented by numerous safe bays, especially that oi Loch-in-Daul,
where there is a harbour for ships of considerable burden, with a Quay, opposite
to the large village of Bowmore. In the centre of the Island, is hoch Finlagan,
about 3 miles in circuit, with an Islet of the same name in the middle ; where
the Macdonalds, the great Lords of The Isles, resided in all the pomp of
Royalty; and here the Chief was crowned, and anointed by the Bishop of
Argyle, and 7 inferior Priests, in presence of his numerous Chieftains. It con-
tinued under The Lords of The Isles until the reign of James the Third; and,
when their powers were abolished, their descendants, the Macdonalds, were
the proprietors, holding directly of the Crown ; it afterwards passed by the for-
tune of war to the Macleans ; but James the Sixth, irritated by the disturbances
raised by private wars, waged between these and other Clans, resumed the
grant made by his predecessor, and tranferred the lands of Islay, Jura, and
Muckairn, lo Sir John Campbei-l, of Culder, on paying an annual feu-duty, of
which the proportion was X*5()(). Slerliny Cor Islay, which is paid to this day:
I S L
Calder sold all tljcse lands again to Walter Campbell, Esq., o^ Shaw field, for
£12,000.^ which is now little more than the Income from them, and they still
continue in the same worthy and respectable family. This Island has the privi-
lege of distillation, without being subject to the Excise Laws. By a Memorial
presented to The Commissioners for Highland Roads and Bridges, on the 2d
of July 1804, by Walter Campbell, of Shaufield, Archibald Campbell, of
Jura, Archibald Macneil, of Collonsay, John Macneil, of Oronsay, Esquires,
and others, it appears, " That the extensive Islands of Islay and Jura, and al.so
the Islands of Collonsay and Oronsay, the property of the Memorialists, labour
under very great disadvantages from the w ant of a proper road or communica-
tion with the main-land or continent of the Shire of Argyle. In order the more
clearly to point out this, the Memorialists beg leave to submit a plan or sketch
of the situation of these Islands with respect to the Main-land, from which it will
be seen that the Island of Jura lies between Islay and the nearest part of the
Main-land ; and that the shortest and most certain line of communication from
Islay would be by a road from the opposite Ferry of Feoline, through Jura to the
Ferry of Lagg , opposite to KeUls, on the Main-land, from whence a road is
already made to the Crinan Canal, and Loch- G Up-Head, which communicates
with all the other Post roads in the Kingdom. That the Population of Islay is
about Twelve Thousand (in 1811, 10,035), and that of the other Islands about
Two Thousand more (in 1811, 1943), and owing to the want of a proper road
through Jura, the Inhabitants are at present linder the necessity of going by sea
by a Pacquet from Port-Askaig in Islay, to Loch- Tarbert on the Main-land,
and from thence to Loch- G Up- Head, being a distance of Fifty miles, thirty-five
of which are by sea, thus rendering the communication very uncertain and nre-
carious, as the Pacqiiet is frequently detained by bad weather and contrary
winds ; whereas, by having a road made through Jura, and secure landing-
places for the Ferry boats, the distance, including Ferries, would be reduced to
about Thirty miles, and this mode of communication passable at all seasons, one '
of the Ferries being only half a mile wide, and the other no more than five miles.
Besides these circumstances the Memorialists have to state, that, in a mercan-
tile point of view, this road would be of great advantage to the country at large,
because it is well known that all the vessels employed in the Northern Herring-
Fishery, a.? well as those trading to the West Indies, America, and the Baltic,
frequently cast anchor in the Sounds of Islay and Jura, and in the several Bays
and Harbours round these Islands, where they are often detained for several
I S L
weeks; a circumstance of which, owing to the present circuitous mode of
communication with the Main-land, their owners must frequently remain long
ignorant, whereas by the means of the proposed line of road, immediate intel-
ligence of their arrivals might be had, and insurance not only saved, but the
Markets more securely and expeditiously supplied. The extent of the proposed
line of road may be from Twelve to Fifteen miles, and as the tract through
which it is to pass, is mostly of a shingley or sandy nature, and stone every where
convenient for the building of small bridges or covered drains, the Memorialists
are of opinion the work may be executed at a moderate expense, not exceeding
£2000. Sterling. The Memorialist, Mr. Campbell, of Shmrjiekl, has been at
very considerable expense, and without any assistance whatever, in making
roads through Islay. There is still, however, a very useful piece of road to be
made from the head of Loch-in-Daiil to the Point Port-na- Haven, being the
nearest part of Islay to Ireland, to which there is frequent intercourse at present
from these Islands, the distance being little moi-e than seven leagues, and were
this and the other proposed line of road through Jura completed, a short and
direct communication would in this way be formed between the North of Ireland
and the Main-land of Scotland, which would tend greatly to facilitate the inter-
course between these parts of the United Kingdom ; and, in case Government
should at any time think it necessary to establish a Naval Arsenal at Loch
Swilly, or any other parts most fitted for it in the North of Ireland, this line of
road would prove of great service and utility, as being the most certain and ex-
peditious way of sending intelligence from Scotland to that part of Ireland ;
besides, there are several valuable Fishing Banks on the West Coast of Islay,
and the opening up of the proposed roads would be of service to them. A Moiety
of the expense of this road, it is supposed, may be about £800. The Memo-
rialists sensible of the great advantages which would result to these Islands, as
well as to the Country at large, from the above proposed roads being made, are
induced to request the aid of The Honourable Commissioners ; they proposing
to raise one-half of the sum necessary to make these roads, or such of them as
The Commissioners may think proper, upon a Report of their Surveyor, pro-
vided Government will advance the other half; and the Heritors interested in
these roads will be bounil to finish them, and keep the same in proper repair."
— Mr, Campbell, of Shmrjiekl, having previously completed at his own expense
a good road from Port-Askaujai the North-East extremity of Islay, to the village
of Bridge-End at the head of Loch-in-Datd on the South- West ; an excellent
I T U
line of road is accordingly now finished Ijy tlic united efforts of The Cu:nt«a-
sioNERS and the Heritors, from Bridge-End to Port-na- Haven, the South-West
extremity of Islay, a distance of 14| miles ; thus rendering an easy and perfect
intercourse across the whole Island of Islay. See, Jiira, Island. There is a de-
creet of valuation of the Teinds of this Island, dated the 16th of March 1636, and
recorded the 19th of January 1743, at the instance of Neil, Bishop of The Isles,
against Campbell, o( Calder, and others, " Heritors of the lands within the
Yle of Hay, of which Teinds the said Bishop of the Yles is Titular," by which
decreet the whole Teinds, Parsonage and Vicarage, of the several Heritors, is
2000 merks. By decreet of disjunction and new erection at the instance of
Daniel Campbell, oi Shawjield, against the Moderator of the Synod of Argyle,
&c. ; Shaivjield undertakes to provide Churches, manses, and glebes for three
Parishes to be established in Islay ; and for this purpose, the 2000 merks of
valued Teind were to be given up, towards making a Stipend to each Minister
of £50. Sterling, and £1..13..4. for Communion elements: And in order to make
up the Stipends, the Synod of Argyle gave to Sliaicjield the feu and Teind tack-
duties of Islay, which had been granted to them by Government ; and of these
duties Shawfield obtained a Grant from the Crown. In consequence of these
transactions, the Parishes of Killdalton, Kill-Arrow and Killinenie, and Kill-
Choraan, were established. Isla gave the title of Earl to the Family of
Campbell, now extinct.
ISLE MARTIN, off the District of Coigach, and in the Shire of Cromarty.
It constitutes part of the Parish of Loch Broom ; being situate in that Loch, at
the distance of 5 miles North-West from Ullapool. It is an advantageous Fishing
Station, and is accommodated with a Custom-house. The Harbour is in the
Latitude of 57°. 56.' 12". North, and the Longitude of 5°. 16.' 15" West from the
Royal Observatory at Green wicli.
ISLE OF MAN, v. MAN, ISLE of.
ISLE TANERA, v. TANERA BEG, and TANERA MORE.
LTUNA, Statio, of Richard of Cirencester, at Auchterless.
JED
J.
JAMES'S, ST., in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh. This Parish
is now included in the Parish of Kelso. It lies between the two rivers Teviot,
and Tweed. The Church was situate near to Roxburgh Castle, and on the
very spot where the greatest Fair in this country, as well as one of the most an-
cient, called St. James's Fair, is now holdenon the 5th of August. This Church
was dedicated in the year 1134. No part of it now remains, above ground, but
the place where it stood is perfectly visible. The late Duke of Roxburgh, a
few years ago, employed labourers to trace the foundation : while prosecuting
their researches, they dug up a Tomb-stone, which had been erected to the
memory of Johanna Bullock ; it was pretty entire ; and, besides some elegant
Sculpture, had the following inscription in Saxon Characters, " Hie jacet Jo-
hanna Bullock, quce obiit anno 1371. Orate pro anima ejus." Historians men-
tion a William Bullock, a favourite with Edward Baliol, and generally
styled Tlie King's beloved Clerk. As this name is seldom found in Scotland,
it is probable that Johanna Bullock was the daughter, or a near relation, of this
eminent person, especially as he frequently resided at Roxburgh Castle. There
was also discovered a considerable quantity of wheat and barley, in a charred
state, scattered on a tiled pavement ; as were also several pieces of glass,
and brick, which showed obvious marks of fire. All these circumstances render
it probable, that this Church was burnt down in some of the Border w^ars. At
a short distance from tliis Church, stood a Convent of Mendicants of the Order
of St. Francis, on the North bank of the river Teviot, a little above its confluence
with the Tweed. Within these few years a fine arch of their Church remained,
and other parts of the building, which are now almost wholly obliterated. This
Monastery was consecrated by William, Bishop of Glasgow, in 1235. Adam
Blunt was their Superior, in 1296. See, Kelso.
JAMES-TOWN, V. WESTER-KIRK.
JARDINE HALL, v. APPLEGARTH.
JEDBURGH, properly JEDWEORTH, a Royal Bcjiough, having separate
Jurisdiction, locally situate in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh:
JED
formerly an Abbey, the Stipend of which, in 181 1, was 169 bolls of victual, half
oat-meal, and half barley, Linlithgow measure, £44. in money, a manse, and
a glebe of seven English acres, the whole amounting to upwards of £'2o(). j)er
annnm : the manse was built about 70 years ago, and has often been repaired
at a great expense ; Patron, The Crown: apart of the old Abbey Church is
«till used as the place of Worship. It is the Seat of the Presbytery of Jedburgh,
and belongs to the Synod of Merse and Tcviotdale. The Resident Population
of this Royal Burgh, and Parish, in 1801, was 3834, and, in 1811, was 4451.
It is 45 m. S E. b. S. from Edinburgh. It has a good weekly Market (on Mon
day) for corn and cattle, and has several well attended Fairs. It appears to
have been a place of consecjuence previous to the year 1165, by a Charter from
William the Lion, King of Scotland, and before the P^oundalion of the Abbey,
or, as it was then sometimes called, Jedwarth. Tiie Town is governed by a
Provost, and three Baillies, assisted by a Select Council of the principal Inhab-
itants. Jedburgh, in conjimction with the Royal Boroughs of Dunbar, Hadington,
Lauder, and North Berwick, sends one Member to Parliament. It is plea-
santly situate on the banks of the river Jed, and is surrounded with hills of con-
siderable height. Early in the last Century, it was one of the most important
Towns on the English Border : but, after The Union of the two Kingdoms,
the trade of Jedburgh was in a great measure ruined, and the population and
size of the Town diminished in consequence. The Ttco Jedburghs are the
oldest Parishes, in Scotland, whereof we have any distinct notice : Old Jedburgh
being now a small Hamlet, about six miles S. b. E. from the present Royal
Borough ; by the Charters of David the First it appears, that one of the Earls of
Northumberland laid out a Manor there, and where a Castle, a Church, and a
Mill were afterwards erected: and some ofihe adjacent Families still continue
to bury in the old Church-yard. This Parish is of great extent, being about
13 miles in length, and in some places not less than six or seven miles in
breadth : but the figure is irregular, being fre(iuently intersected by the Parishes
of Oxnam, and Southdean. The soil is various ; and the climate also variesin
different parts of the Parish. The neighbourhood of the Town is noted for its
Orchards. Here arc two Chalybeate Springs, one of which, called Tud Hope
Well, has been used with success in scorbutic and rheumatic disorders : there
is a Sulphureous Spring, the efficacy of which is well known. A General Posl-
Office is established here. The common people in the neigbourhood si ill make
use of the oXA^Scotch dialect. The Circuit Court of Justiciary, for the Southeru
VOL. II. N
JED
Circuit, is holden here. The want of Coals is much experienced ; the nearest
Pit being- at Ryechester, at the distance of 20 miles, on the English Border.
King David the First, one of the most religious Princes on the throne of Scot-
land, was the Founder of The Abbey, but in what year of his reign is not
known : this Institution was for Canons Regular, brought from the Abbey of
St. Quinfin's, at Beauvais, in France ; and, as Osbert, the tirst Abbot, died in
1174, it is likely to have been established by the King not many years preced-
ing. The occurrences in this Abbey do not afford many circumstances worthy
of remark. From its situation on the Borders it seems to have been exposed
to the attacks of the English, from which cause it at last became unable to
maintain the Religious of its own House, and Edward the First therefore issued
orders for the removal of some of them, until the House should be repaired,
and its Income increased. To this Abbey the Cells, or Sub-Priories of Reste-
note, and Canonby, were attached ; at the former of which, situate about
a mile to the North of Forfar, and being encompassed with a Loch, except at
one passage where it had a Draw-bridge, all the papers and precious things
belonging to Jedburgh were carefully preserved ; the Prioi-y of Canonby is
situate upon the river Esk, in Eskdale : The Revenues of Jedburgh Abbey,
including the subordinate establishments, amounted to £1274..10..0. Scotch.
Upon its suppression, the lands were converted into a Temporal Lordship, being
conferred by King James the Sixth on Sir Andrew Ker, of Fernherst, from
whom is descended the present Marquis of Lothian ; the Patent, by which
he was created Lord Jedburgh, bears date the 20th of February 1622, but he
had long before been the favourite of that Monarch, being in 1591, one of the
Gentlemen of his Privy Chamber. The Abbey^Cliurch is one of the finest struc-
tures in the country, whether it be considered either as to its magnitude, or the
elegance of its architecture. On the South side of the Abbey, but far beneath,
in a deep woody glen, runs the river Jed, whose current is impeded by rocks,
over which the trees cast a shade that is highly ornamental to the Land-
scape. On the sides of this river are the vestiges of several artificial Caves,
now, from the steepness of the rocks, scarcely accessible, which are supposed
to have been places of refuge for the inhabitants, when invaded by the English.
These Caves are described by those persons who have explored them, to con-
sist each of three apartments ; namely, one on each side of the entrance, and a
larger one behind. The Eastern part of the Church is totally in ruins ; the
walls, however, are not demolished ; the West end has one of *he door-ways
J E R
of a Saxon form, peculiar to Monastic buildings, but more than usually orna-
mented : this part of the Abbey is of considerable loftiness, and has in the
upper compartment a circular radiated Window, of correspondent workmanship.
The Church exhibits throughout its whole length in the upper part, a range
of small Gothic arches, which convey to the eye a lightness and beauty seldom
observable, and render this building unique in that respect. The North
transept has likewise a handsome Window, with its ancient ramifications
still perfect. The West end is fitted up for Divine Service like most other
Abbey Churches in Scotland, sufficiently in preservation for that purpose, but
forming a miserable contrast to its former splendour. Various other remains
of this ancient edifice might be pointed out, but they are of an inferior nature.
The river Jed abounds with trout, particularly with a species of small red trout,
of a superior flavour. The river Teviot also flows through this Parish. The
Quarries here afford abundance of excellent free-stone. See, Nisbet. Jed-
burgh is situate in the Latitude of 56° 29' 40" North, and in the Longitude of
2° 35' 30" West from Greenwich. The liberal Policy of the Burgh is much
to be commended. The Manufactories of Cloth, Flannel, and Hose have been
greatly increased within the last ten years. The Regality of Jedburgh com-
prehended many lands, with exclusive jurisdictions ; and, in 1747, on the
abolition of this Regality, The Duke of Douglas was allowed £'900. as a
compensation. The Bailliery was distinct from the Regality, and belonged
to X\ie K.%KS , o{ Fernherst. The Revenue of the Corporation, in 1788, as the
same was reported to Parliament, was £309.. 13., 7. Sterling. The amiable
Poet, Hamilton, laments, with fond recollection,
" Jedds ancient Walls, once seat of Kings."
In 1513, a Convent for the Observatines was founded here by the Citizens: in
which Adam Abel, the Historian, lived and died.
JERBURGH, CASTLE, v. GLEN CAIRN.
JERSEY, ISLAND, in The English Channel. It is situate about 18 miles
to the West of the Coast of Normandy, and 84 miles to the South of Portland
in Dorsetshire ; and, in the time of the Romans, was called Ccesarea. It is
defended by rocks, and rapid tides ; on the North side, the Cliffs rise 40 or 50
fathoms high, which render it inaccessible there ; but, on the South, the shore is
almost level with the water, which has lately made alarming inroads into the
land. In the West part of the Island, is a large tract of land, once cultivated
N 2
J E R
and vei7 fertile, but now a barren desert, so caused by the Westerly winds
throwing up sand from the bottom to the summit of the highest cliffs. General
Don, the present Governor, has lately made some efforts to bring it into culti-
vation. The higher lands are diversified by gritty, gravelly, stony, and line
mould : the lower, by a deep, rich, and heavy soil. The middle part of the
Island is somewhat mountainous, and so thickly planted with trees, that, at a
distance, it resembles one entire Forest : thoug-h in walking: throuah it, there is
hardly a thicket, or any other thing to be seen but hedge-rows and orchards of
apple-trees. The vallies are finely watered by brooks, and abound with cattle
and small sheep ; the horses are good for draught, but few of them are fit for
the saddle. On the South of the Island, the sea seems to have formerly
encroached upon the land, and to have overwhelmed upwards of six square miles,
making a very beautiful Bay of about three miles broad, and nearly the same in
length, called St. Atibin's Bay. The Island is divided into Twelve Parishes,
which are so laid out, that each has a communication with the sea ; they are
subdivided into 52 vingtaines, so called from the number of 20 houses, which
each is supposed to have formerly contained. The fields are inclosed by great
mounds of earth, raised from six to ten feet high, proportionably thick and solid,
and planted with quicksets and trees. TJie air is particularly healthy, and those
of the inhabitants who are temperate, live to a great age. The buildings are
generally of rag-stone ; but some of the wealthy inhabitants have their houses
fronted with a reddish-white stone, capable of being polished like marble, and
of which there is a rich Quarry on a hill, caWed 3Iont-Mado : the ordinary
buildings are thatched. Fuel is scarce, for which they substitute vraic, or sea-
weed. The partridges here are remarkable for having red feet ; and among its
variety of lish, is a curious sort, called Ormer, i. e. Oreille demer. The Towns
of St. Helier, and St. Atibin, stand both in St. Aubiris Bay. St. Hklier is said
to take its name from Eleriiis or Helier, a Holy man, who lived in this Island
many centuries ago, and was slain by the Pagan Normans on their coming
lather. He is mentioned among the Martyrs in the Martyrology of Coutance :
his little Cell, vvath the stone bed, is still shown among the rocks ; and, in
memory of him, a Noble Abbey of Canons Regular was founded in the little
Island in this Bay, and annexed to Cherburg, in Normandy, in the reign of
Henry the First, and suppressed as an Alien Priory. The Town of St. Helier,
which stands at the Eastern extremity of a long and high rocky hill, is a well
built place, containing about 800 houses, mostly shops, and above 4000
J E R
inhabitants. The old Market-place, now the Square, in the centre is spacious, and
surrounded with handsome houses, among which is the Colme Royale, or Court
of Justice: at the top is a Statue of George the Second, of bronze gilt : the
Market is holden on Saturday, and is so much frequented, that it is equal to
many Fairs in England. A commodious and elegant Market has lately been
built, which attracts the curiosity, and commands the admiration of all foreigners.
Tlic Chapel de Notre Dame des Pas, or Of Our Lady of the Steps, is situate
upon a rock, about a quarter of a mile South from the Town of St. Helier : it
takes its appellation from an apparition of The Virgin Mary to some pious Priest,
whose name is now forgotten : the print of Tlie Virgin's Steps being, it is said,
marked in the rock, which, that it might not incommode her feet, became soft as
dough ; at present it is used as a Stnre-IIouse. The Town of St. Aubin, at the
West end of the Bay, is principally inhabited by merchants and mariners, whom
the neighbourhood of the Port has invited hither : it is not half the size of
St. Heliefs, though greatly increased of late. It has a good stone Pier carried
far into the sea, where ships of considerable burden lie safe under the guns of
the adjoining Fort. The Isle of St. Helier, more to the East in the same Bay, is
in circuit nearly a mile, and is surrounded by the sea at or about every half flood.
Upon the site of the ancient Abbey here, Elisabeth Castle is erected. This
Castle was first projected in 1551, the fiflh of Edward the Sixth ; but the
building did not commence until the year 1586, when, under the Regency of the
Paulets, the Upper Ward was built, and named Elizabeth Castle, in honour
of that Queen : Charles the First enlarged, and Charles the Second, who was
twice here, completed it: this was the last Fortress which held out for the
King, being surrendered to the Parliament's forces in 1651, after a long and
valiant defence by Sir George (Ze Carteret. It is now the residence of the
Garrison, and occupies the whole Isle, from whence at low water is a passage,
called The Bridge, half a mile long, formed of sand and stones. Mount Orgueil
Castle, called also Gouray, from the neighbouring Village of that name, lies to
the South of Rosel Harbour in the Bay of St. Catherine : it was a place of
strength before the reign of Henry* the Fifth, and bade defiance to the attempts
of the French under the Constable de Guesclin in 1374, at the end of the reign
of Edward the Third : it was repaired by Queen Elizabeth, and although now
neglected, yet preserves an air of grandeur answering its name even in ruins :
To this Castle the celebrated William Prynnb was sent prisoner, on the 5th of
August 1637, where he remained until the 19th of November 1640 : he has
I
J E R
described and celebrated it in a copy of verses, intituled, " A Poetical Descrip-
tion of Monat Orgueil Castle in the Isle of Jersey, interlaced with some brief
Meditations from its rocky, steep, and lofty situation." All the landing places
and creeks round the Island are now fortified with batteries ; and several round
Towers, wdth embrasures for small cannon, and loop-holes for musketry, are
erected upon the Headlands. The Governor is the chief officer, who has the
Custody of His Majesty's Castles, with the command of the Garrisons and
Militia. The Civil Government is administered by a BailiiF, assisted by 12
Jurats. There is also an Assembly of the States ; this Assembly is convened
by the Governor, or the Bailiff, and consists of himself and the Jurats, the Dean
and Clergy, and the 12 High Constables. This Island, together with those of
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and their appendages, were parcel of the Duchy of
Normandy, and were united to the Crown of England by the first Princes of the
Norman line. The language of the Pulpit, and the Bar, is French, which is
also that generally spoken by the people at large. They are governed by their
own laws, which are for the most part the Ducal customs of Normandy, being
collected in an ancient Book of Customs, intituled, " Le Grand Coustumier."
The King's Writ, or process from the Courts of TVestminster, is of no force
here; but his Commission is effectual. They are not bound by any common
Acts of the Imperial Parliaments, unless particularly specified. All causes are
originally determined by their own Officers, the Bailiff and Jurats of the Island ;
but an appeal lies from them to the King and Council, in the last resort. It
would, however, seem that some change is meditated ; from a Motion made by
Mr. Abercrombie in The House of Commons, on Tuesday the Tth of July 1812 ;
and who then stated, " that the people of Jersey had, from the reign of King
John, proved themselves at all times to have been truly loyal, and zealously
attached to this Crown and Realm : — that so long ago as the reign of that Sove-
reign, they had lived under a Constitution, then granted to them, under which
they had been happy and contented : — that by this Constitution, the Governor
was appointed by the King ; — the second Body in the State consisted of 12
Jurats, elected for life, by a majority of the Masters of Families, and those who
paid direct taxes ; — the next Body consisted of 12 Clergymen, for the 12 Parishes
in the Island, nominated by the Crown: — and 12 Constables, chosen in the
same way as the Jurats. This was the Charter granted by King John, which
had been confirmed in 1671 by King Charles the Second, and subsequently
by his present Majesty, in 1771. That some months ago, a Commission had
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been issued by The Privy Council, to inquire into the state of the Jurats, and
Commissioners had in consequence been sent to Jersey, which very much
alarmed the people of that Island, under the idea that their Constitution was
going to be subverted or changed ; and they wished, of course, to know the
grounds on which this was to be done." Mr. Abercrombie then concluded by
moving for " A Copy of the Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire
into the mode of electing Jurats in the Island of Jersey :" — which wna negatived.
Christianity was first planted here in the middle of the Sixth Century, and the
Island made part of the See of Dol, in Bretagne : it is now within the Ecclesi-
astical Jurisdiction of the Diocese of Winchester, and is governed by a Dean ; a
Dignitary who is nominated by the Sovereign, and whose office is holden by
Patent under The Great Seal. The Twelve Parishes, which have each their
proper Rector, are
On the North,
Trinity.
St. John,
St. Mary.
On the West,
St. Ouen.
St. Peter.
St. Brelade.
On the South,
St. Laurence.
St. Helier.
St. Saviour ; the Impropriate Tythes of which Parish are, by
special grant from the Crown, annexed to The Deanry.
On the East,
St. Clement,
Grouville.
St. Martin.
Thie Geneva Discipline remained here, until the 21° James I. ; at present the
Liturgy of the Church of England, translated into French, is universally used.
The Churches are very plain buildings, and the Communion Table is placed
under the Pulpit. There is a Schoolmaster in every Parish, who is chosen by
the Minister, Church-wardens, and principal Persons, and afterwards presented
to The Dean for his license. And to supply the Church with able Divines from
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among the Natives, there are two Public Free Grammar Schools, established at
the two extremities of the Island, viz., St.Magloive, or Manlier, and St. Anas-
tase ; each of which is designed for the instruction of the Youth of six Parishes.
There are also Three Fellowships, in Pembroke, Jesus, and Exeter Colleges, in
The University of Oxford, which belong to Jersey, and Guernsey, alter-
nately ; and founded by King Charles the First; besides Three Scholarships
for Jersey, and two for Guernsey, in Pembroke College, founded by Bishop
MoRLEY, in 1684. There were formerly many Druidical temples and altars in
Jersey, some remains of which are still to be seen; and, in 1785 , a Druid temple
was discovered upon the summit of a high rocky Hill, near the Town of
St. Helier, completely covered with earth, and looking like a large tumulus or
barrow ; and of which descriptions and plates are preserved in Arch/eologia,
vol. viii.jcip. 384-388. The stones of this Temple were presented by The
States of the Island to General Conway, then their Governor, and, in 1788,
were placed in their original form in his Park in Berkshire, now Lord Malms-
bury's. The Cromlechs are here called povquelayes. Roman coins have also
been dug up in this Island ; and there are the remains of a Roman Camp in the
Manor of Dillamant. Besides The Abbey of St. Helier, there were the four
Priories of Noirmont, St. Clement, Bonnenuit, and le Leek, and several Chapels,
which are now mostly destroyed. These Islands have always been an object of
desire to France ; in 1779, they attempted to achieve the conquest of Jersey,
but without success : But, on the 6th of January 1781, a landing of 800 French
was effected, under Baron de Rullecourt, who surprised tlie Garrison of
St. Helier and the Lieutenant Governor, who was made to sign a capitulation
to save the Town ; but Elizabeth. Castle making resistance, Major Pierson, the
next officer in seniority, attacked the French with so much impetuosity, that
they were soon broken on all sides, the Baron himself mortally wounded, and
the officer next in command obliged to surrender himself, and the whole
party, prisoners of war. Major Pierson, to whom the deliverance of the
Island was owing, unhappily fell in the moment of victory, when only 24 years
of age ; to wjiose memory a handsome Monument was erected at the
public expense in the church of St. Helier, and his valour commemorated by
Paintings and Prints. Jersey gives the title of Earl to the Ancient and Noble
Family of Villiers. Those who know the value of remarks, resulting from a
thorough investigation of a particular subject, will be highly gratified by the
following excellent description of The Island o^ Jersey, m a Series of Letters
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from Richard Valpy, D. D., F. S. A., Head Master of The Grammar School at
Reading, to Arthur Young, Esq., F. R.S., and published in the Fourth and
Fifth volumes of Jiis " Annals of Agriculture, and other useful Arts." — " The
wool, which is allowed duty free to the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney,
and Sark, must, by an exclusive privilege, be shipped from Southampton.
Hence arises a great intercourse with that town, which is most materially bene-
fited by it. The usual conveyance to the Islands is from that place. Some of
the Packets, and even merchantmen, have excellent accommodations for pas-
sengers. From Southampton to Cowes, Portsmouth, and Yarmouth, the sur-
face of the sea is seldom ruffled, so as to prevent even those who are sul)ject to
the sea-sickness from enjoying the pleasure of that element. A more chearful
aspect can scarcely be conceived, than that of a company of passengers during
that course. Even the tender sex join in the universal harmony ; and those who
are ignorant of the succeeding change, bid defiance to the qualms which they
have been taught to expect, and the general cry among them is^ that the provi-
sions will not lastdnring the whole voyage. The prospect here is beautiful beyond
description. Vessels of all kinds, from the unwieldy collier and weather-beaten
wine trader to the light skiff and painted pleasure-boat, cover the water, and
animate the scene. In the front appear The Isle of Wight, and the Shipping at
Spithead. On one side is seen The New Forest, interspersed with elegant
villas. On the other the ruins of Nctley Abbey, rising amidst- the foliage of a
fruitful country, throw an awful grandeur over the whole. Even the Boatman,
' if custom have not brazed him so, that he is proof and bulwark against sense,'
passing by the venerable pile,
' Suspends his oar, and wonders what he feels.'
These ruins owe their preservation to a remarkable accident. Some years ago,
a person who had begun to demolish them, in order to carry away the mate-
rials, saw in his dream a vision, warning him to forbear the intended sacrilege.
In superstitious times this would have been an effectual impression on him, but
in these days of liberal elevation of soul, esse aliqiios manes nee pneri credunt.
He proceeded with the demolition, and a heap of stones buried him in their
fall. — Leaving The Needles, a ridge of rocks at the extremity of The Isle of
Wight, so called from the slender form, and erect position of one of them, which
lately fell into the sea, you enter the British Channel. By degrees the chalky
cliffs of Albion, which hang tremendously over the wavess, disappear, and nothing
VOL, II. O
3
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remains in sight but the seas and skies. In this situation, the sight of a vessel,
which in the river appeared only as an object of curiosity, now becomes the
source of more interesting reflections. The sullen deportment of self-sufficiency,
which many persons assume at the siglit of their own species on shore, is now
softened into very different sentiments. The sense of danger awakens the feel-
ings of benevolence. A mutual dependence is acknowledged to prevail ; and
the origin of society is clearly ascertained. — The passage to the Islands is not
without danger. The prodigious number of rocks, which are scattered in almost
every direction from Cape la Hogne to Ushant, and seem as the appendages to
the numerous Islands contained in that Bay, demand the general experience of
the Sailor, and the particular knowledge of the Pilot. It is within the memory
of many persons living, what consternation appeared in this Kingdom, at the
loss of the Victory near The Caskets. A loss, abstractedly considered, of greater
magnitude than that of the Royal George, though less alarming in its conse-
quences, from the difference in the relative situation of this country. — Arrived
within a few miles of Jersey, a stranger will naturally think the voyage is at an
end ; but the most difficult part is still to come. St. Heller's Town lies on the South
of the Island, and consequently a long and tedious number of tacks must now
bear him against that very wind, without which the voyage from England would
have been very troublesome, if not impracticable. I would, therefore, advise
those who are induced by sickness, fear, or a pressing exigence, to wish for a
short passage, to be landed, if possible, on the North side of tlie Island. Nearly
half the time, and more than that proportion of the danger, will be thus avoided.
— When you land in any Port where a Custom-House is established, a set of
gloomy faces enter and take possession of the Vessel, and of every part of the
cargo and baggage. Till the latter has been formally examined, it is not per-
mitted to leave the Custom-House. — The landing in Jersey is unattended with
these visitations. It is not necessary here to use any other precaution, than that
of k '.eping a bateau de sante in readiness to visit every strange vessel, to make
inquiries respecting the place from which it came, the state of its cargo, and to
take the necessary measures to prevent the introduction oTany infectious person
or merchandise into the Island. — It is impossible to enter the Bay, which con-
tains the Town of St. Helier, Avithout the utmost admiration of the beauties
which it displays. The coast, from the Town Hill to Noirmont Point, a space
of four miles, forms a crescent, which incloses a magnificent Scenery. At the
distance of about a mile from each extremity are situate the Town of St. Helier
J E R
on the East, and that of St. Aubin on the West. Equally distant from each
Town, and within two miles of one another, Elizabeth Castle, and that called
The Tower, cover the entrance into both harbours. From Town to Town ex-
tends a level plain of sand, which, at low water, discovers almost the whole of
the Bay, opens at half flood a land commuiiicalion with the castles, and affords
a most agreeable walk or ride. The Forests of masts, which rise over the moles
of three harbours, and the crouds, which flock to the piers at the approach of a
deck covered with passengers, cast a pleasing animation over the picture. The
Hills, which bound the prospect, are covered with the richest variety. Orchards
and meadows diffuse the verdure of the most luxuriant fertility on the vallies
beneath, through which flow to the sea, at proper intervals, streams of the purest
water. Elizabeth Castle, which in its present state has the appearance of a little
Town, is become since the invention of gunpowder, the principal fortification in
the Island. The strength of this place was proved in 1651, by the long and
obstinate defence which it made, with only Three hundred men, against the pro-
digious armament sent by the Regicides under the command of the gallant
Blake, to subdue this Island. Near this Castle is seen a Rock, called The
Hermitage, said to have been the solitary residence of the pious martyr,
Helerius, who has given his name to the capital of the island. St. Aubin sFort,
called The Tower, contains the best harbour in the Island, for the security of
large ships. The water rises in it to the height of 28 feet ; with its projected
improvements it will be made a most convenient harbour. Those of St. Helier,
and St. Aubin, are capable of receiving the largest trading vessels and privateers,
that belong to the Island. The Town Hill commands both St. Heller's Town
and Elizabeth Castle, and it is a matter of surprise that no fortifications were
erected upon it, till some circumstances, which attended the invasion of Jersey,
in 1781, suggested the idea, or pointed the necessity, of building a Citadel upon
it, which is now considerably advanced. — The Island of Jersey made once, be-
yond a doubt, a part of the Continent. Its distance from the coast of Normandy
is less than six leagues. The passage is intersected with several ridges of rocks,
some of which rise high above the sea, and even afford springs of pure water.
In Spring-tides many parts of the channel are scarcely covered , at low ebb, with
a sufficient depth of water for the smallest vessels. This opinion is founded on
more than analogical deduction. Exclusive of the similarity between the different
strata, which compose the opposite hills on each side, and of the other argu-
ments, which theorists have advanced, many of the present appearances concur
O 2
J E R
in establishing it. The sea makes rapid advances both on the shores of Jersey
and of Normandy. St. Oivens Bay on the Western side of the Island, it is more
than probable, was once a Forest. At spring-tides trunks of large trees are
discovered under the water standing where they grew, and roots have been
found buried deep in the sand. Annual rents are still due, supposed to have
been originally given to the Lord of the Manor, for the privilege of sending hogs
to eat acorns in the wood. The space between Elizabeth Castle and the land,
w hich is now covered every tide, is said to have once consisted of rich meadows.
Nor are the advances of the Sea less rapid on the opposite coast of France.
Within my observation, large tracts of land in that country have been covered
with water. — The Island is nearly in the form of an oblong, one side of which,
from East to West, is 13 miles in length, and the other six. The number of
Inhabitants, as stated by Mr. Falle in the year 1731, was Twenty Thousand.
But, if the prodigious increase of houses and of shipping be considered, the num-
ber must exceed Dr. Shebbeare's calculation, and fall little short of Thirty
Thousand. The Town oi St. Helier is superior in Population to some Cities in
England, and the Country in general may almost be called a continued Village.
The preservation of this, and the adjacent Islands, to the Crown of Great Bri-
tain, is an object of the first magnitude. They must be considered as the first
foreign possession, which was ever attached to the English Government. The
Inhabitants derive their origin from those hardy warriors of the North, who, after
several invasions, obtained the complete possession of Normandy, and by one of
those Revolutions, of which the daring spirit of enterprise on one side, and the
want of political foresight on the other, have afforded many instances in barbar-
ous ages, accomplished, in one day, the conquest of England. Their attachment
alone to this Nation during more than Seven hundred years, among the succes-
sive changes of dominion, which their brethren of Normandy underwent,
and amidst the insurrections and revolutions, which have taken place in every
other part of the British empire, entitles them to consideration and regard.
The Majesty of the Kings of England is to them, sacred and inviolable. So
convinced of this affection, and of their determined support of the cause of
Loyalty, were the Fanatics under the Usurpation of Cromwell, that a day
of public rejoicing and thanksgiving was appointed in this Kingdom at the
news of the capture o( Jersey, hy a formidable army. This they considered
as the fatal blow to expiring Loyalty. The last war has proved, that the ardour
of their zeal is unabated. — Exclusive of these considerations, the importance of
J K R
these Islands to this country, is a great reason of the protection, which they re-
ceive. Their benefit to England in time of peace shall be considered, under the
article of their trade ; of what service they are in war, the inspection of a map
of France will sufficiently show. The English nation felt the effects of their bra-
very and enterprising spirit, after the death of Charles the First, in so severe a
manner, that merchants from every quarter sent repeated complaints to the
Ruling powers of the depredations committed on their trade by the " Jersey
Pyrates ;" So they denominated those, who acted under the authority of the law-
ful King, and who had once, according to Mr. Falle, planned a design of deli-
vering their captive Sovereign from Hurst Castle. But, when the ardour of
hostility is encouraged by every advantage, which situation can give, it is no
wonder if the French trade becomes the constant prey of these Islanders. Every
fleet of merchantmen, that sails from the ports of France between St. Maloes
and Dunkirk, is liable to be intercepted by the vigilance of Sixty privateers.
They are enabled, by their knowledge of the coast and tides, to run, under fa-
vour of the night, into the very harbours of the French, and cut out their ships.
The heroes of ancient Greece could not display more skill and intrepidity in their
less honourable excursions against the neighbouring maritime states. — When to
this number of privateers employed chiefly on the French coasts, is added a pro-
per squadron of English Frigates on the Jersey station, the trade of Normandy
and Britany is severely exposed. The Bay of Boulay has been uniformly pointed
out as the proper station for discovery and pursuit. In consequence of these
advantages. Sir James Wallace, of the Experiment, in the year 1779, was
enabled to give activity to his intrepid spirit, in the destruction of the fleet in the
Bay of Cancale. If Boulay Bay is subject to inconveniences, every consideration
demands an immediate remedy of them. — The great object of the French has
ever been to have a Port in the Channel, for the reception of a Royal Fleet.
From Brest to Dunkirk, they have at present no place of security for their ships
of war. Various have l)een their endeavours to obviate this inconvenience ; but
they have been uniformly unsuccessful. Could they obtain the possession of
these Islands, the expensive preparations at Cherbourg, as uncertain in the end,
as they are prodigious in the extent, would be unnecessary, and their intended
service easily and effectually performed. Both Islands afford happy situations
for harbours, from which they might range at pleasure, and m security, over the
Channel, while the Fleets of England were detained by the winds. — ^To give an
J E R
idea of the trade of the Island of Jersey, it is necessary to consider its exports,
and imports. It will be easily conceived, that the former consist of very few
articles. The most considerable arises flora the Stocking manufactures. Four
thousand tods of Wool of u2lbs. are allowed to be yearly exported from England
into Jersey, dutyfree ; and, having been finely combed, and perfectly dressed,
are knit into stockings, gloves, and various other articles of dress. This is the
chief employment of the women. The dexterity and expedition with which they
dispatch a pair of stockings are almost incredible. To them light and darkness
are indifferent. A woman seen walkins: without her stockina: in her hand is
stigmatized with idleness. So attached are they to this employment, that they
have appropriated to knitting the name of inork (^oeuvre.) The greatest part of
the stockings manufactured in Jersey are exported to London, from whence
they were sent to various parts of Europe. Their quality is so excellent, that
few, who have experienced the use of them will willingly lay them aside. The
other article of export, which deserves to be mentioned, is Cons. They are
well known in the Southern Counties of England, under the denomination of
Alderney, or Norman Cows. — Under the article of import may be included
almost all the necessaries, conveniences, and luxuries of life. In the most plen-
tiful years, the Island yields little more than half the corn sufficient for the main-
tenance of its inhabitants. This will appear evident, if we consider that it does
not contain the proportion of one acre of land to every individual. In the begin-
ning of the Seventeenth Century, the produce of the Island was more than ade-
quate to its consumption. But the increase of its population, and the conversion
of a great part of the arable land into orchards, render a supply from England
absolutely necessary, even though bread is constantly made of barley for the
use of labourers. — The great source of employment and of wealth to the Island,
arises from the maritime trade. In pursuit of this object, they make frequent
voyages to England, Ireland, France, Holland, Dantzic, and many other parts of
Europe. They employ several vessels in the Logwood trade. But the New-
foundland Fishery has hitherto been their first consideration. In favourable times,
no less than 60 vessels, carrying nearly 3000 men, sail from Jersey for this
purpose. They dispose of their fish in the harbours of Spain and Italy, and
their returns are in specie. This excellent branch of fair and open trade aftbrds,
in time of war, a number of hardy and experienced mariners to man the British
fleets. — A Chamber of Commkrce was instituted some years ago in Jersey, upon
J O H
extensive and liberal principles, and many important advantages have been de-
rived from it. Every Member of tliis Society pays yearly a few sous for every
ton of Shipping which he employs ; and, in time of war, so much in the pound
upon the net produce of the prizes, in which he is concerned. This last article
has produced a considerable sum, which has been laid out in the Funds. Be-
sides the protection and improvement of trade, this revenue has for its object
a decent provision for superannuated Seamen, or for those, who have re-
ceived any accident in the Merchant Service ; and, in particular cases, the sup-
port of their widows. Several other excellent regulations have made it worthy
of imitation. — The trade of the Island is shackled by severe, and illiberal restric-
tions. It has lately been the wish of all parties in this country to admit their
fellow Subjects, in different parts of the Empire, to a participation of Commer-
cial advantages, provided they do not tend to injure the manufactures, or weaken
the resources of the mother country. The communication of Commercial pri-
vileges to the Islands, cannot, in the nature of things, but increase ihe resources
of Great Britain, separately considered, in wealth and naval power. Coarse
linen, cambrics, and a few trifling articles excepted, and these taken in pay-
ment for the woollens of the Islands, all the necessaries and luxuries of life are
imported from England. All their money centres in England. That Loy-
alty and Patriotism, which have been before described, were they influenced by
no other motives, would make them prefer every thing from England. All
their fashions, without a single exception, are English. Their children (and
this circumstance alone is worth a thousand arguments) are all educated m
England.''
JETHOU, ISLE, V. SARK, ISLAND.
JOHN O'GROA T'S HOUSE, in the Shire of Caithness ; and in the
Parish of Canisbay. This memorable place owes its celebrity, perhaps, less to
the circumstance of its local situation, at the Northern extremity of the Island, than
to an event which it is not unpleasing to relate, as it inculcates an useful les.son of
morality. In the reign of James the Fourth of Scotland, Malcolm, Gavin, and
John de Groat, three brothers (and supposed to have been originally from
Holland), arrived in Caithness, bringing with them a Letter written in Latin
by that Prince, recommending them to the countenance and protection of his
Subjects in this Shire. They purchased, or got possession of, the lands oCfVarse
and Duncan's Bay, on the side of the Pentland Firth ; and, in a short time, by
the increase of their families, eight diflerent Proprietors of the name of Groat
J O H
possessed these lands among- them. These eight Families having lived peace-
ably and comfortably in their several possessions, for a number of years, es-
tablished an annual meeting, to celebrate the Anniversary of the arrival of
their Ancestors on that Coast. In the course of their festivity, on one of these
occasions, a question arose respecting the right of taking the door, and sitting-
at the head of the table, and such points of precedency (each contending for the
Seniority and Chieftainship), which increased to such a degree, as would
probably have proved fatal in its consequences, had not John de Groat, who
appears to have acquired great knowledge of mankind, interfered. He expa-
tiated on the comfort they had heretofore enjoyed, owing to tlie harmony which
had subsisted between them ; — he assured them, that, as soon as they ap-
peared to quarrel among themselves, their neighbours, who had till then treated
them with respect, would fall upon them, and expel them the County ; — he,
therefore, conjured them by the ties of blood, and their nuilual safety, to return
quietly to their several homes ; — and he pledged himself, that he would satisfy
them on all points of precedency, and prevent the possibility of sucii disputes,
at their future Anniversary meeting; — they all acquiesced, and departed in
peace. In due time, John de Groat, to fulfil his engagemeiit, built a room,
distinct from all other houses, of an octagon figure, with eight doors and win-
dows in it ; and having placed a table of oak of the same shape in the middle,
when the next Anniversary meeting took place, he desired each of tiiem to
enter by his own door, and to sit at the head of the table ; he taking him-
self the seat that was left unoccupied. By this ingenious contrivance, any
dispute, with respect to rank, was prevented, as they all found themselves on
a footing of equality, and their former harmony and good Immour were restored.
The Building was then named John d Groat's House ; and, though nothing re-
mains but the foundations of this edifice, the place still retains the name, and
deserves ever to be remembered for the good intentions, and good sense which
gave it origin.
JOHN'S-HAVEN, in the Shire of Kincardine ; and in the Parish of Ben-
holme. It is 4 m. S. S. W. from Bervie. This was formerly a very considerable
Fishing Town, on the German Ocean ; but, from various circumstances, it has
lately been on the decline. It has a small Pier, by means of which vessels may
load and unload at any time of the tide, in favourable weather: in ordinary tides,
the depth of the Harbour is from 10 to 12 feet, but it might be further increased
at no great expense, as the bottom is a soft marly rock. The trade here chiefly
J O II
consists in importing coals, and exporting grain. A manufacture of Sail-cloth
has been established by a Company of Dundee merchants. Two Schools, one
for Boys, and the other for Girls, are kept here. It is subject to the Port of
Montrose. The Resident Population of this Village, in 1811, was 839.
JOHN'S HEAD, ST., v. CANISBAY.
JOHN'S, ST., CLAUCHAN, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright; and in
the Parish of Dairy. This is a large, and increasing Village, the properly of The
Earl of Galloway, who has feued it on very advantageous terms to the feuer.
A stone is preserved here with great care, and shewn to strangers, called St.
Johns Chair: And the Church of Dairy having been consecrated to St. John
the Apostle, both the adjacent Village, and the Chair, assumed his name.
JOHNSTON, V. LAURENCE KIRK.
JOHNSTON, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £150. ; the manse is in bad repair : the glebe consists of
more than the legal extent : Patron, The Earl of Hopetoun, as Curator at Law
to The Marquis of Annandale : The Church was built in 1733. It is in the
Presbytery of Lochmaben, and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 740, and, in 1811, was 904. It is 6| m. N. from
Lochmaben. This Parish is about 4 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth,
except at one place, where it extends to 6 miles. It is situate on the Western
bank of the river Annan, which sometimes over- flows, and does considerable
damage ; there the soil is light and sandy, but the higer lands are generally a
deep moss or clay : the greater part, however, is rich and fertile, and by the
judicious system of The Earl of Hopetoun, to whom the whole Parish belongs,
agriculture has lately been much improved. The climate is very rainy, but not
unhealthy. Here are two Parochial Schools, one in the East, and the other
towards the West end of the Parish: they are both for teaching English, and
arithmetic: the Salary of one of them is 300 merks, and that of the other 150
nierks ; together with School-fees. The fuel commonly made use of is Peat,
and Turf, which are in great abundance ; but, from the uncertainty of the v\'eather
in getting them home dry, coals are brought both from Douglas, and Sanquhar.
Lime is 18 miles distant. The great Road through this Parish, from Moffat to
Dumfries, is in good repair ; statute labour is commuted : and there are no turn-
pikes. St. Anne's Bridge, over the Kinnel water, was built by The Earl of
Hopetoun, in 1782. Game, of various kinds, are abundant. This Parish has
the honour of having given birth to Dr. Rogerson, first Physician to the lata
VOL. H. P
J U R
Empress Catherine of Russia ; his father was one of the tenants of The Mar-
quis of Annandale, and rented one half of the farm of Loch-Brein, in the South
extremity of the Parish, where the Doctor was born : the other half was at the
same time rented by AVilliam Halliday, another farmer, whose son. Dr.
Matthew Halliday, was likewise one of Her Imperial Majesty's Physicians.
The Castle o( Lochwood, now in ruins, was formerly the residence of The Noble
Family of Annandale : it is situate in the North end of the Parish, commanding
a very extensive prospect, especially towards the South, and is said to have been
built in the Fourteenth Century : it appears to have been a place of great
strength, having prodigiously thick walls, and being surrounded with almost
impassable bogs and marshes. The Parish is supposed to take its name, from
the circumstance of its having been the immemorial residence and property of
the Ancient and Illustrious family of Johnston, who were the principal, and
almost sole proprietors, and long ago were the only inhabitants of it, and ances-
tors of the late Marquis of Annandale ; the title of which is now dormant.
JOLLY, The Croft of, v. GAIRLOCH.
JOPPA, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Dudingston. It is
pleasantly situate on tlie Firth of Forth, at the distance of 4 m. E. from
Edinburgh.
JURA, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Islay, and Shire
of Argyle: formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, by decreet of locality,
on the 17th of November 1802, was settled at the Teind of the Parish as then
stated, being £139.. 6.. 9., which includes X'8..6..8. for Communion elements,
and £50. to an Assistant in the Island of CoUon-fay : The whole Teinds of the
Parish were valued, except the Teinds of Killmory, and others, belonging to The
Earl of Breadalbane, which were stated in 1798, at £15. Sterling, the rent being
£'75. : Whether the rental of His Lordship's lands in this Parish are so much
increased as to afford an additional fund for Stipend, does not appear : the
manse, and offices, are in bad condition : the glebe consists of more than the
legal extent : Patron, The Duke of Argyle : The Church is in indilferent repair.
It is in the Presbytery of Cantyre, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Parish, in 1801, was 1202, and, in 1811, was 1157. It is 4 m. S.
from the Point of Cratginsh, on the Main, to which there is a Ferry. This Island
is about 32 miles in length, and, on an average, about 7 miles in breadth : it is
the most rugged of the Western Isles, being composed chiefly of huge rocks,
piled upon each other in the utmost disorder, naked, and incapable of cultivation.
J U R
A ridg-c of lofty mountains runs from South to North, along- the West side ;
they arc four in number, and are termed The Paps of Jura, one of them being
elevated 2600 feet above the level of the sea, and are conspicuous at a very
great distance. The West side of the Island is not fit for cultivation ; it is wild
and rugged, intersected by many torrents, which come rushing down from the
mountains ; and has been deemed so inhospitable, that no person chooses to fix
his habitation in it. All the inhabitants live on the East side ; where, along the
margin of the sea, the grounds are pretty level ; but, at a little distance from the
shore, there is a gradual ascent. The soil along the coast is thin and stony,
and very ill cultivated. It is the property of Archibald Campbell, Esq., of
Jura, or Ardfin. The air is pure and salubrious, but suljject to heavy rains.
Game, of various kinds, are in great plenty. There are two fine Harbours upon
the Eastern side ; that to the South, is called The Small Isles ; the other to the
North, The Lowland-Man's Bay: they are within a few miles of each other.
The course of the tides along the coast of Jura, particularly in the Sound of
Scarba, and in that of Isla, is very rapid and dangerous : the famous Gulf of
Corry-Vrekan being between Jura and Scarba, and is so called from Breacan,
son of a king of Denmark, who is said to have perished in it. There are several
barrows, and dims ; and near the harbour of Small Isles, are the remains of a
very considerable encampment. Iron-ore, manganese, slate, and a very fine
kind of sand used in the manufacture of glass, are in great abundance. The
Gaelic is the only language spoken in the Island. Here is a Parochial School ,'
and also a School, established by The Society for propagating Christian Know-
ledge, with a Salary of £15. Fuel is expensive. An excellent line of road, 16
miles in length, has been made under the auspices of The Parliamentary Com-
missioners, between the Ferries of Lagg, and Feoline : the former connecting
it with the Keills road and Boating-place, and the latter with Port-Askaig in the
Island of Islay. See, May, Island. By a Memorial presented to The Parlia-
mentary Commissioners, in the month of June 1810, by the Proprietors of the
Island of Jura, and the adjacent Islands, it appears, " That the Memorialists
understanding that it is in contemplation of The Commissioners to make some
roads on a smaller scale than those hitherto undertaken under their authority,
they are desirous of submitting their wishes upon this subject, so far as the
Island of Jura, and the adjacent Islands, are concerned. They consider that a
road of this description, from the termination of the road now making at Lagg,
to Kenuachtrach, at the Northern Point of Jura, from which there is a Ferry to
P2
J U R
the Main-land, at the Point of Craignish (where a very good carriage road is
already made, Avhich leads to the Kintraw and Killmelfort road, and all the other
roads in the Shire of Argyle) would be highly useful ; and, if the expense were
such as they could meet, they would gladly contribute the moiety of it. By
inspection of Arrowsmith's Map of Scotland, it will be seen that the Island of
Jura extends along The Sound of that naraeM'hich divides it from the Continent,
stretching from the point of Craignish, on the Main-land of the Shire of Argyle,
Southwards for about thirty miles ; and that the extensive and populous Islands
of Islay, Collonsay, and Oronsay, are at the South, and the Islands of Scarba,
and a number of other Islands, are at the North end of Jura, which is opposite to
the West entrance to the Crinan Canal ; and, as it is situate between Islay,
Collonsay, and Oronsay, and the nearest part of the Main-land, the whole inter-
course from these Islands to each other, and with the Main-land, must all
necessarily go through Jura. Hence, the advantage and utility of having- a good
road from the North to the South end of Jura, must be apparent. That tlie
Population of these several Islands is upwards of 15,000 Souls, and the trade
and intercourse which is carried on with each other, and also with the Main, is
very considerable ; but, from the want of a good road to the North end of the
Island, where the Ferry to the Main is narrowest and most accessible, accidents
frequently happen to the Inhabitants of these Islands, who are under the neces-
sity of exposing themselves, and their produce, in small boats along the coast,
for the want of this road. So sensible were the Memorialists of the advantages
that would result to these Islands, by rendering the Communication through
Jura more easy, that they some years ago applied for, and obtained from The
Commissioners the usual aid, for making a road from the Ferry of Feoline,
opposite to Islay, to the Fen-y of Lagg, opposite to Keills, on the Main-land,
which is nearly one half the length of the Island ; and they would at that time
have applied to have it extended the whole length of the Island North to Kenu-
achtrach, had they not been afraid tliat the expense would be so great, that they
considered themselves unable to bear even a moiety of it : But, as they conceive
the Bridle Roads now propo.sed, will i^ot exceed nine or ten feet in width, and
will consequently not only be less expensive, but also answer all the purposes
required, they feel themselves called upon to make the present application to
have the proposed tract surveyed. Tlie road to Lagg, when linishcd (noAv com-
pleted), will no doubt be of great advantage to these Islands; but without
it is continued to the Ferry oi Kenuachtrach, hy the Bridle Road now proposed,
J U R
the Islands at the North end of Jura will not feel the advantages of it ; and, as
the Ferry from KenaucJdroch to the Main-land is about one-half narrower than
the LaggFerry, and more easily crossed, in consequence of several small Islands
which run across Tfie Sound and afford much sheller, it would remove, in a
great measure, the insular disadvantages which these Islands labour under, as
this Ferry would almost at all times be accessible ; whereas the Ferry at Lagg,
from being wider and more exposed, is often not passable. That if thLs road
were made, the communication from the South to the North end of the Island
would be complete, which would not only much facilitate the intercourse
between the adjacent Islands and the Main-land, ajiid also with each other, but
would open up a large extent of country well calculated for improvements.
Besides these local advantages, this road would be of considerable utility in a
National point of view ; for, if the road is made to Ketmachtrach, it is in con-
templation to convey the Mails to these Islands by this Ferry, \\hich would be
done three times a week, in place of only once by the present conveyance of a
Pacquet : which circumstances would not only increase the revenue of the Post-
Office, by multiplying the correspondence, but would tend much to the trading-
interest of these Islands, as well as to the Ports of Clyde, Liverpool, &c., as it
would, facilitate the intercourse between the Masters and Owners of Vessels
belonging to these Ports, coming from the Baltic, West Indies, and America,
which frequently put into the anchoring places along the East side of Jura, by
putting it in their power to give early notices of their arrivals. It may likewise
be noticed, that, since the road to Port-na- Haven, on the West coast of Islay,
has been completed, people going to the North of Ireland frequently pass
through Jura, and from thence through Islay to Port-na-Haven, from which the
Passage to Ireland is not more than seven leagues. Hence this road, in many
instances, would form a convenient and short mode of communication between
the Western parts of Scotland and the North of Ireland." The Commissioners
have directed this line of road to be surveyed (about twelve miles in length),
and it will doubtless be carried into effect accordingly.
JURBY, in The Isle of Man : The Church is situate upon an elevated
Promontory, called Jurby Point. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1792, was 713. It is 10 m. W. from Ramsay, stretching along the sea-coast.
K E I
K.
jK-AILSIE, or CELLI, in the Shire of Peebles : an ancient Rectory : The
Earl of Traquair was Patron of this suppressed Church ; but that family being
Catholic, could claim no right in the settlement of Traquair : The ruins of the
Church stand on a rivulet, \yhich, from it, is called Kirkburn ; and which falls
into the Tweed, from the South. In 1647, the smaller or Northern Part of
this ancient Parish was annexed to Inver-Leithen, and the Southern part of it to
Traquair.
KAIM, V. DUFFUS.
KAIM'S, BAY, V. ROTHESAY.
KAIM S CASTLE, v. KEMP'S CASTLE.
KAIRNSARY, v. GAIRLOCH.
KAUN-A-KROCK, v. GLEN-MORISTON.
KEARN, in the District of Alford, and Shire of Aberpeen : an ancient
Parish, now annexed to the Parish of Auchindore. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 207, and, in 1811, was 269. It "is 2^ ra. W. N.W.
from Clatt. This Parish contains about 2716 acres ; of which, 600 are under
tillage, the remainder being pasture, moss, and muir. The climate is pure,
and healthful. Peats are in plenty. The roads are bad. The Church is old,
and ruinous.
KEDSLEA, V. LAUDER.
KJ3IG, in the District of Alford, and Shire of Aberdeen: formerly aVicarage,
the Stipend of which,'in 1805, was £118,. 19.. 11., and £'31..0..1. by Parliament-
ary augmentation ; the manse is in tolerable repair : the glebe consists of more
than the legal extent : Patron, The Crown: The Church is in decent condition.
It is in the Presbytery of Alford, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, was 481, and, in 1811, was 463. It is 4y ra.
E. N. E. from Alford. This Parish contains 1704 acres of arable land, 431
acres of pasture, and 360 in natural wood, besides 2000 acres of hills and muir.
The surface is uneven ; and, from its elevated situation, the crops are precarious
and late. The climate is healthy. The Duke of Gordon is Superior of the
K E I
whole Parish. The roads are tolerable. The Salary of the Parochial School is
300 merks, together with a dwelling, and a rood of land. Putuclue, the cora-
niodions seat of the family of Fokbes, commands a fine view of the windings of
the river Don, and is surrounded with extensive plantations, and woods, that
are much frequented by roes, and red and (allow deer.
KEIL, V. STRATH.
KEILLESAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness:
it constitutes part of the Parish of Barray, and is inhabited,
KEILLS, in the District of Islay, and Shire of Argvle : and in the Parish of
North Knapdale. This is a Fishing Village, upon the Eastern shore of the Sound
of Jura, and is joined to the Argyle County road from Crmaw, that terminates
near it, by a road rather more than a mile in length, made under the auspices of
The Parliamentary Commissioners. This is also the landing-place from the
Island Roads through Jura and Islay ; the breadth of the Ferry from Lag(j, the
Northern extremity of Jura road, to Keills being about six miles. See, Islay,
Island, and Jura, Island.
KEIR, V. LECROPT.
KEIR, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which,
in 1811, was £'700. Scotch in money, and 3 chalders of victual, two-thirds of
which are meal, and one-third bear : the manse, and offices, were built in 1778:
the glebe consists of 8 acres : Patron, The Marquis of Queensberry : The Church
is too small for the accommodation of the Inhabitants. It is in the Presbytery
of Penpont, and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, was 771, and, in 1811, was 993. It is 2 m. S. b. W. from Thornhill.
. This Parish is 8 miles in length, and from 2^ to 3 miles in breadth. The soil is,
in general, light, dry, and fertile, especially in showery seasons : on the banks
of the rivers Nith, and Scarr, are some fine holms, of a deep rich loam : but
more than one-third of the surface is hilly, which affords excellent sheep pasture.
There is a considerable extent of natural wood, and several extensive planta-
tions of fir have lately been made. The climate is rather moist and damp. The
Roads are in bad repair. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks
Scotch, together with a free house, and some trifling School-fees, The greater
part of the Parish is but indifferently provided with fuel, owing to the distance
from the mosses: coals are brought from Sanquhar, at the distance of 14 miles,
which are very expensive. Lime-stone is abundant, particularly on the estate
of Barjarg; where a Village was built by the late Dr. Hunter. More than one-
K E I
half of the Parish pays the Eleventh peck as multure, besides paying the miller
for grinding- their corn : which is a heavy oppression, very loudly complained of,
and is certainly a great discouragement to improvements in agriculture.
KEISS, V. WICK.
KEITH, in the Shire of Banff : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which,
in 1811, was £88.. 17.. 6. in money, 32 bolls of meal, and about £12. of feu-duty
and rents from the Old Village ; the manse, and offices, are in a state of rapid
decay : Patron, Sir William Forbes : The Church, which is a capacious, though
not very commodious building, is in good repair. It is in the Presbytery of
Strath-Bogie, and Synod of Moray. The Resident Population of this Parish was,
For the Old or Kirk-Town of Keith.
For New Keith.
For the New Town of New Mill.
For New Mill.
New Keith is 150 m. N. from Edinburgh. The Village of Old Keith is of
ancient date, having been partly feued by the predecessors of the Family of
Forbes, and partly feued by the Ministers, and stands upon the glebe : this
Village is greatly on the decline, and almost a ruin. — About the year 1750, the
late Lord Findlater divided a barren Muir, and feued it out in small lots, ac-
cording to a regular plan, still adhered to ; on which there now stands a large,
regular, and thriving Village, called New Keith ; the feus contain 30 feet in
front by 70, at a feu-duty of lOs. per annum : this Village is the residence of all
the Manufacturers of note in the Parish : it enjoys the benefit of a well frequented,
and plentifully supplied, and cheap, weekly Market : it has also four annual
Fairs, that on the Second Thursday in September having been long established,
and was formerly the general mart for Merchant goods from Aberdeen to Kirk-
wall ; and it is still the best frequented Market in the North, for black Cattle
and Horses : a General Post-Office is also established here, and the Mail-
Coach runs through the Village thrice a week, on its way from Aberdeen to
Inverness. — Soon after the commencement of the Village o( Netv Keith, the late
Lord Fife begun to erect a Village on the North side of the Parish, and then
feued out a considerable tract of land, called Tue New Town of New Mill, to
In 1801.
In 1811
192.
192.
2250.
- 2258. ■
708.
704.
134.
134.
3284.
■ 3288.
I
K E I
lo distinguish it from another Village near it, called New Mill, Avhich is also his
Lordship's properly, hut was never leucd : This Neiv Toini contains a few wea-
vers, who are the only nianul'aclurcrs ; the majority of the lnhal>itants being
very poor people, who have fixed their abode there, for the convenience of the
land and moss. — The Old Toini, called New Mill, is thinly inhabited. — This
Parish is about 6 miles long, and as many broad, being nearly circular. It lies
in the middle of a large Strath, called Strath Isla, contracted Stryla, from the
little river Isla that runs through it: and contains a tract of as close, extensive,
and fertile a field of arable ground, as is to be found in any Valley in the North:
the prevailing soil is loam, and clay; the rest of it, is light. The Climate is
moist and cold, and the Seasons are late. There are six Heritors ; one of whom
only, Mr. Stewart, of Birkenburn, is resident. The principal branches of ma-
nufacture carried on here, are flax-dressing, spinning, and weaving : a Bleach-
field has lately been established on the banks of the Isla, on an extensive scale ;
and a Tannery, antl a Distillery, are also carried on with success. The Tenants
are subjected to very few Services, and these few are seldom exacted. The
Parish School has long been famous, and is now in a very prosperous state,
being conducted by a Gentleman of great merit, and of the most indefatigable
application : besides the usual Salary, and Perquisites, he enjoys annually 300
merks Scotch from a mortification, paid by the Laird o( Braco. This Town has
the advantage of different Turnpike roads to the coast. There are the remains
of several Druidical circles ; and here are several Chalybeate springs, which are
said to equal the mineral water of Peterhead, A little below the old Village of
Keith, the river Isla precipitates itself over a pretty high rock, and forms a fine
Cascade, called The Linn of Keith. A part of this Parish, called Allanhui, is
situate in the Shire of Elgin.
KEITH, or KEITH MARSHAL, in the Shire of Hadington: an ancient
Rectory, now united to the Parish of Humbie. It is 8 m. SW. b. S. from Had-
ington. The Barony o( Keith, together with Inch- Keith and other Lands, were
given, along with the office of Hereditary Great Marshal of Scotland, by King
Malcolm, to one Robert, as a reward for killing with his own hand, Camus the
King and Champion of the Danes, at the battle of Barry, in the year lOlO. From
these lands Robert took the surname of Keith, and they remained in the pos-
session of the family, until they were sold for the purpose of affording aid to
General Leslie. The ruins of Keith- House, a seat of The Earls Marshal,
are noticed, for the extent and elegance which they still exhibit: and, it is said,
VOL. H. Q
K E I
that the timber with which the house was built, was a present from the King of
Denmark, as an expression of the high opinion he conceived of The Earl, when
employed to treat of the marriage of the Princess Anne of Denmark, with James
the Sixth. See, Humbie.
KEITH-HALL, anciently MONTKEGGIE, in the District of Garioch, and
Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a Vicarage, with two-thirds of the ancient Parish
of Kinkell united, in 1754 ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was nearly 89 bolls of
meal and bear, and £'43.. 13.. 5. in money : the glebe contains the legal extent:
Patron, The Earl of Kintore : The Church, and manse, were built in 1771 and
1772, at a place in the centre of the District, called Legate; so named, because
the Pope's Legate staid there^ at a small Chapel, which still retains the appel-
lation o? Monk's Hillock, the night before the great battle of Harlaw ; as Legate's
Den, in the Chapelry of Garioch, Avas the place, where he in vain attempted to
reconcile the contending parties. It is in the Presbytei'y of Garioch, and Synod
of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of the United Parishes, in 1801, was
853, and, in 1811, was 883. It is 1 m. N. E. from Inverury. The United Par-
ishes contain nearly 11,000 acres. Along the banks of the rivers Don and Ury,
which are subject to frequent inundations, the soil is abundantly fertile ; but,
towards the East, it is very unproductive. The air is moist, but salubrious, ex-
cept near the marshy grounds. Fuel is expensive. The knitting of stockings is
the principal manufacture here. The rents are paid in oat-meal, and bear.
Several services are exacted. Keith-Hall, the Seat of The Earl of Kintore ;
and Balbithan, the Seat of General Gordon, are fine Mansions, surrounded with
extensive and flourishing Plantations. There are three Druidical circles ; and
a multitude of small cairns on the muir of Kinmuck, are said to point out the
place of a dreadful engagement between the Scots and Danes. The famous
modern Latin Poet, Arthur Johnston, M. D.', was born at Caskiehean, which
he celebrates : and also mentions a curious fact, viz., that the shadow of the high
mountain of Bennochie, which is distant about 6 miles, extends to the house of
Caskiehean at the Equinox ; and hence the Gaelic name Caskiehean, i. e. Tlie
Shadow of the Hill. In the Church-yard are interred Scrimgeour, the High
Constable of Dundee, and many of the Nobility who fell in the battle of Harlaw.
This Parish disputes with Galston the honour of the birth of
" Vie Lass ofPeafie's Mill:'
Her maiden name is said to Imve been Anderson, and a number of her descend-
K E L
ants still reside in this District. The Laird of Boddom, in the Parish of New
Macliar, one of her suitors, in an attempt to carry her off, being very roughly
handled by her father, who was commonly called Black John Anderson, in re-
venge wrote an ill-natured Song, in which he says,
" Ye'll tell the gowk that gets her,
" He gets but my auld sheen." —
KEITH INCH, V. PETERHEAD.
KEITHOCK, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Brechin. It is
2j m. N. from Brechin. Here was a small Roman Camp, the greatest part of
vvhich is now entirely levelled : General Rov has preserved a plan of it, pi. 14. :
it is situate between the rivers North and South Esk, and is now known by the
name of War dikes.
KELLAS, V. DALLAS.
KELLBURN, v. LARGS.
KELLIE, CASTLE, in the District of St. Andrew's, and Shire of Fife ; in
the Parish of Carnbee. This is the fine Seat of the Ancient and noble Family
ofERSKiNE, Earl oflvELLiE, Viscount Fenton, Baron Dirlton, Premier \is-
couNT of Scotland, and one of the Sixteen Representative Peers for North Bri-
tain, in the Imperial Parliament. The first of the Noble family of Erskine, Earl
of Kellie, was Sir Alexander Erskine, of Gogar, third son of John, Twelfth
Lord Erskine, and Fifth Earl of Marr, by Lady Margaret Campbell, daughter
of Archibald, second Earl of Argyle. Kellie, from whence the title is taken,
is a District of the Shire of Fife, which was anciently called, Kellie-Shire. See,
Carnbee.
KELLS, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £80.. 11. .4.; the manse is in bad repair : the
glebe consists of the legal extent : Patron, The Crown : The Church was
rebuilt in 1745, and repaired in 1788. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkcud-
bright, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of tliis Parish, in
1801, (including the Royal Borough of New Galloway) was 778, and, in 1811^
was 941. It is | m. N. W. from New Galloway. This Parish is about 15 miles
in length, and at the North end, 6 miles in breadth, gradually diminishing till it
terminates in a point, at the junction of the rivers Ken and Dee. The surface
is hilly : along the banks of ihe rivers, the soil is partly a rich clay, and, on the
higher grounds, is partly thin and dry, but when properly cultivated, is very
Q2
K E L
abundant. There are six Lochs, besides Loch Ken, which is 5 miles in length,
and from half a mile to three quarters of a mile in breadth : Loch Ken and
Loch Dee (though sometimes considered as two) are but one Loch, that is con-
tinued 10 miles long ; they abound with pike of an enormous size, trout,
perch, eels, and salmon : they are also navigable, and boats of consider-
able burden are frequently employed in bringing up marl from the Carling-
Work Loch, and carrying down fir, ash, and oak-wood, with which this hilly
country abounds. The air is healthful. Black, and red game are in plenty. In
all parts of the Parish, except in the neighbourhood of New Galloway, peats
are abundant, of easy access, and of good quality. The Roads are tolerable.
The Bridges are in good repair: one of which, of two arches, over the large
burn of Paharrow, is the private and patriotic donation of Quintin Maclurg,
a Tailor, who resided in that neighbourhood. Near the summit of a high ridge
of Mountains, called The Kelts Range, is a huge stone, which is so poised as to
be moveable with a very small exertion of force : the particular hill on which it
is situate, is called Mnllce, and the stone itself is named Tlie Mickle Lump, or
The Laggan Stone : near it, is a small pool of water, which covers about half a
rood of land: the dimensions of this stone are, its greatest length 8 f, 9 in., its
height 5 f. 1^ in., and its circumference 22 f. 9 inches. Mr. Grose has pre-
served two views of it. Glenlee Park is the elegant seat of Lady Miller, relict
of the lale Sir Thomas Miller, Lord President Glenlee. The Castle o( Dind-
cuck, which is now in ruins, has all the appearance of having once been a place
of ffreat strength. Thomas Gordon, the Translator of Tacitus, and Author of
the Independent Whig, was a Cadet of the Family o( Kenmure, and born in this
Parish ; and not at Shermers, in the Parish of Balmaclellan, as is generally sup-
posed. Some parts of the Parish of Carse-Fairn still pay Stipend to the
Ministers of Dairy, and Kells respectively.
KELLY, CASTLE, v. ARBIRLOT.
KELLYWOO D, TULLIALLAN.
KELSO, anciently CALC-HOW, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Rox-
burgh : formerly an Abbey, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £213., ex-
clusive of a House, and Garden, and a valuable glebe between six and seven
acres: Patron, The Duke of Roxburgh: The Parish Church, dedicated to the
Virgin Mary, and the Episcopal Chapel, are elegant buildings, and add much
to the beauty of the Town. It is in the Presbytery of Kelso, and Synod of Merse
and Teviotdale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 4196,
i
K E L
and, in 1811, was 4408. It is 42 m. S. E. from Edinburgh. The weekly Mar-
ket is holden on Friday. There are twelve High Markets iii tlie year, Uvo be-
fore and one after the term days of Whit-Sunday, and Martinmas; the two
first are for hiring male and female Servants, the last is generally employed by
the servants in mirth, and in laying out their wages before they enter into ser-
vice aijain : on these days, the concourse of people being great, and beyond
what is known on the like occasions in any part of Scotland, it is productive of
conside'rable profits to the Shopkeepers : the other six High Market days are
in March, and the end of Autumn ; the former for purchasing horses for summer
work, such as, driving lime, coals, &c. ; which being over, they sell the horses
again before winter sets in, owing to the high price of fodder at that season.
There are three Fairs in the Parish, including St. James s, \vhich is holdeu on
the 5th of August ; the other two being holden in the Town, viz., on the 10th of
July, and the 2nd of November. A General Post-Office is established here. It n
pleasantly situate at the confluence of the rivers Teviot, and Ttceed, on an ex-
tensive plain, bounded on all sides by rising grounds, which are covered with
plantations, and is much and deservedly admired for the beauty of its scenery :
this is particularly noticed by Patten, who accompanied the Lord Protector,
Somerset, into Scotland. During the Border Wars, which long spti)ad deso-
lation and misery over this country, Kelso was thrice burned down by the Eng-
lish ; it was also reduced to ashes in the year 1686, by an accidental fire ; and
nearly so by another, about 68 years ago. It seems to have derived its ancient
name of Calc-Hotc, from a Calcarious Eminence, that is conspicuous in the
middle of the Town, and which is still called. The Chalk Heugh : the Monks
also denominated the Seal of the ancient Monastery, Sigillum Monasterii de
Calco. The Duke of Roxburgh, as Lay Proprietor of the lands and abbey of
Kelso, is Lord of the Manor : His Grace's Ancestor, Sir Robert Ker, of Cess-
ford, obtained this grant from James the First of England, in 1605, on the for-
. feiture of Francis Earl of Bothwell, Admiral of Scotland, when the Town was
erected into a Burgh of Barony. It is governed by a Baron Baillie, appointed
by The Duke, and fifteen Stent-Masters, of whom the Duke nominates seven ;
the other eight consist of the Preses of the Merchant Company, and Deacon
Convener, and the Deacons of the five following Corporations of Hammermen,
Skinners, Shoemakers, Tailors, and Weavers ; together with the Deacon of the
Butchers, although they are not incorporated : these, under the authority of the
Baron Baillie, ha\e the power of imposing a stent or tax upon the inhabitants,
K E L
according- to their circumstances, to defray the necessary expenses of the Burgh.
The principal trade carried on here, is the manufacture of woollen cloth ; and
the dressing of sheep and lamb skins. It is but justice, due to merit, to make
particular mention of Mr. John Gibson, the Optician, as a man of genius, who
has made several improvements in optical instruments. Here is a public Sub-
scription Library, which contains a valuable collection of good books; and a
Dispensary, conducted upon the most humane and generous plan. This Dis-
trict formerly consisted of the three separate Parishes of Kelso, Maxwell, and
St. James: it is of an irregular trianaular fiofure, and conta'ins from five to six
thousand acres. The land, in this pait of the country, is all measured by the
English acre. The soil, for a considerable tract on both sides of the river Tweed,
and in that part of the Parish which lies between the Tweed, and the Teviot, is
in general composed of a deep rich loam, upon a bottom of gravel, producing
early and luxuriant crops : in the North West extremity, and in the South, the
soil is a wet clay, and the crops are much later. There was formerly a hand-
some Bridge over the Tweed, which was washed away in 1798, but it has
since been re-built : there is a Bridge also over the Teviot, a little above its
junction with the Tweed. Kelso is a place of great gayety ; it is often the seat
of The Caledonian Hunt : and its Races, which are holden upon a Moor about
4j miles distant, in the Parish of Eckford, called Caverlotcn Edge, are well
attended. It has been the scene of many transactions of importance ; it was here
that a mutual friendship was conceived between Henry the Third of England,
and Alexander the Third of Scotland, who with their Queens and an attend-
ance of the Nobility of both Kingdoms, met each other with the utmost cordiality.
In 1460, homage was paid to James the Third at Kelso by the Noblemen and
Gentry on his Coronation in this Town, which was performed with the usual
solemnity. The noble Palace of The Duke of Roxburgh, called Fleurs, is at
a short distance from hence, presenting a front of ronsiderable extent, with
immense woods on each side. In the vicinity of this superb Mansion, is a small,
but elegant Seat ( Springwood Park), of Sir George Douglas, Bart., whose
pleasure grounds are laid out with great taste and neatness. The Castle of
Roxburgh, situate on an eminence of considerable extent near the confluence of
the Teviot and Tweed, and about a mile Soulh-West from Kelso, is remarkable
for the thickness and solidity of the remaining walls. The numerous struggles,
which the two Kingdoms had, for the possession of this Fortress, render its
history of more importance than that of any other near the Borders. According
K E L
to Mr. Camden, it was anciently called Marchidim, from its standintr on the
Marches. It frequently changed masters ; and, in the reign of Henrv the Sixth,
was in the possession of that Monarch. James the Second of Scotland hav-
ing laid sieiie to this Castle, his army made themselves masters of it, and in a
great measure destroyed the works, and reduced it to ruins ; but, previous to
the victory, the King was killed by the bursting of a piece of ordnance. A Holly-
tree is said to stand on the spot where this happened, on the North side of the
river Ticeed, and a little below Fleurs. Near this Tree, stood a large Village,
which, from a Cross that remained within these few years, was generally called
TJie Fair Cross. But the probable origin ef the Name, as it has been handed
down, though not generally known, is this : James the Second's Queen, having
very soon reached the place where the lifeless body of her husband laid, is re-
ported to have exclaimed, " There lies The Fair Corpse," Avhereupon it
received the name of Fair Corpse or Corse ; and, in process of time, the change
from Corse to Cross was easily effected. From this period the Castle has
remained in ruins, although it was in some degree repaired, by the Lord
Protector Somerset, in the reign of Edward the Sixth ; and who was so intent
upon this work, that he laboured at it with his own hands two hours everyday
whilst it was going on ; and his example was followed by most of the principal
men of his army ; the place was accordingly made defensible in six days, and
a Garrison of three hundred Soldiers and two hundred pioneers was left in it,
under the command of Sir Ralph Bulmer. The adjoining territoi-y from the
old Castle and Town, is called The Sheriffdom of Roxburgh, of which the
Family of Douglas are Hereditary SherilTs, and usually denominated Sheriffs of
Teviotdale. Upon the Estate at Wooden, there are the vestiges of an ancient
tumulus; and near a small rivulet on the same Estate, skeletons have been
discovered, inclosed in stone coffins. Here are two established Schools,- one for
Latin, and the other ibr English. The Grammar Master has a Salary of £22.
per annum, a House, and Garden, and 5s. per quarter for each of his Pupils. The
office of Session Clerk, is generally annexed to his employment, which is worth
about £12. a year. The English Master's Salary is £5..13..0., and 2s. 6d. and
3s. 6d. per quarter from his Scholars, according to what they are taught. There
are also four other English Schools, one of which is kept by the Clerk of the
Chapel, and is in good reputation. Besides these, there are Schools for the
instruction of Girls ; and, a School of Industry has been instituted, which does
credit to the founders. Here are also three Benefit Societies. A considerable
K E L
part of The Abbey of Kelso, formerly an immense edifice, still remains, and
exhibits a venerable monument of that taste for magnificence, which distinguished
ancient times. It was built by David the First, when Earl of Northumberland, and
before his accession to the throne of Scotland, who had a predilection for the Order
ofMonksofthe Ti/ronertse«, whom he first planted at Selkirk : but that situation
being found to be inconvenient, he removed them to Roxburgh, in 1 126 ; and finally
translated them to Kelso, where, in 1128, he founded for them a superb Church,
and other buildings in the Saxon style. This Abbey was dedicated to The
Virgin Mary and St. John the Evangelist : its privileges were vei-y considerable,
and its endowments liberal ; all of which were confirmed by Pope Innocent the
Second, who died in the year 1143. The Monks were exempted from toll, and
leave was granted to them and the Abbot, to receive the Sacraments of the
Church from any Bishop they pleased, in Scotland and Cumberland. The
Abbot was allowed to wear a Mitre, to make use of other Pontifical distinctions,
and to be present at all general Councils. It is related, that this Order
was particularly attentive to Agriculture, and that, besides Husbandmen, they
maintained within their Monastery all kinds of Mechanics, whose profits
were deposited in the common stock, for the support of the Order. The
Revenues of this House amounted, on its suppression, to £2000. Scotch per
annum, chiefly arising from money payments. Its last Abbot was James Stuart,
natural son to King James the Fifth, who died in 1559 ; after him the Cardinal
de Guise was nominated Abbot by Mary of Lorrain, but never obtained pos-
session ; it being granted to Francis Earl of Bothwell, upon whose forfeiture,
as has been already observed. King* James the Sixth bestowed it on Sir Robert
Ker, in 1605; to whose immediate descendant. His Grace The Duke of Rox-
burgh, it now belongs, and who also enjoys the title of Earl of Kelso. See,
James s, St., Maxu-ell, and Roxburgh. Kelso is in the Latitude of 55° 36' 48"
North, and in the Longitude of 2' 28' 20" West from Greenwich. On the aboli-
tion of Heritable Jurisdictions, in 1747, The Duke of Roxburgh, to whom the
Reyality then belonged, claimed £2000. for it.
kel stane, v. colling ton.
KRLTlE,v. DUNNING.
KELTON, in the Stewarlry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Vicarage, with
the ancient Parishes of Gelston, and Kirk-Cormock united: the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £80. Sterling: the manse, and offices, were re-built in
1777 : the glebe consists of about 15 acres : Patron, The Crown: The Church
K E M
was re-lmilt in 1743, and, in 1783, had a l.-irge Aisle added to it, but it is still
too small for the accommodalion of the Inhabitants. It is in the Presbytery of
Kirkcudbright, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, (including the Villages of Castle-Douglas, and Rhon-House or Kelton-
Hill) was 190-5, and, in 1811, was 2203. It is 1^ m. S, from Castle-Douglas.
This Parish contains about 9500 square acres. The soil is exceedingly various,
and generally thin ; but, when properly cultivated, is very fertile ; and, in the
North end of the Parish, there is abundance of the finest shell marl. The
air is dry, and salubrious. Here are three Schools, but they are all very poorly
endowed ; one of them having only an annual Salary of £2.. 8.. 9., another of
£'2..10..0., and the principal one of about £15,.0..0. Sterling, exclusive of the
School fees, which are very low here. Fuel is expensive. The great Military
road, from Dumfries to Port-Patrick, runs through the Parish for the space
of four miles. One great obstacle to improvements here, is the high multures.
The staple commodity is black cattle, and sheep. See, Castle-Dovglas, and
Rhon-Hovse.
KELTON-HILL, v. RHON-HOUSE.
KELTOWN, in the Shire of Dumfries ; and in the Parish of Caerlaverock.
This is an improving Village, situate on the Eastern bank of the river Nilh, at
the distance of 3 m. S. from Dumfries. Here is a Harbour for vessels of from
30 to 90 tons burden, in which the tide rises 15 feet, at the full and change of
the Moon. A considerable trade is carried on from hence in the exportation of
grain, and potatoes ; and in the importation of lime, and coals from Cumberland ;
and from Liverpool, of such groceries as are consumed in the neighbourhood.
The Nith abounds with fish, of various kinds.
KELTY, in the Shire of Kinross ; and in the Parish of Cleish. It is 21 m.
N. N. W. from Edinburgh. This is a small, but improving Village, with a
bridge over the Burn of the same name. A General Post-Office is established
here.
KEMBACK, in the District of St. Andrew's, and Shire of Fife : formerly a
Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was about £180. Sterling: the manse is
new : the glebe consists of 12 acres of good, inclosed land : Patrons, The United
College of St. Andrew's, who are also Titulars of the Teinds : The Church is
old. It is in the Presbytery of St. Andrew's, and Synod of Fife. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 626, and, in 1811, was 625. It is 3 m.
E. from Cupar of Fife. This Parish contains about 1850 acres ; of which,
VOL. II. R
KEN
upwards of 1500 are arable. The soil is various, but generally fertile, especially
on the banks of the river Eden, which bounds it on the North. The climate is
healthy. Free-stone is abundant : and on the estate of Blebo, a vein of lead ore
was discovered in 1722, which was worked for some time, but given up on ac-
count of the great expense attending it. The Salary of the Parochial School is
300 merks Scotch, tog^ether with a School-house, and dwelling-, and the usual
School fees. The principal Seats are Kembach, the property of John Macgill,
Esq., and Blebo, of Miss Bethune.
KEMNAY, in the District of Garioch, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £106.. 17. .9. in money, including
£8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, 21 bolls 2 lirlots 2 pecks 1^ lippie of meal,
2 bolls 1 firlot and 3-f lippies of bear, 1 boll 3 firlots 2 pecks If lippie of horse
oats, and £'27.. 4.. 3. by Parliamentary Augmentation: the manse was built in
1680: the glebe consists of the legal extent; Patron, The Earl of Kintore : The
Chui'ch is old. It is in the Presbytery of Garioch, and Synod of Aberdeen. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 583, and, in 1811, was 541.
It is 4 ra. W. from Kintore. This Parish is about 4j miles in length, and nearly
3 miles in breadth. The surface is hilly, a chain of little hills running through
it, called The Kembs. The soil is, for the most part, a light mould, very stony,
and lying upon a bed of sand ; but, on the banks of the Don, there are some
haughs of a fine rich loam. Peats are the common fuel. The public roads are
in good repair. The Salai-y of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with
School-fees, and perquisites, the interest of some legacies, and a rood of land.
Kemnay, the Seat of Mr. Burnett, is delightfully situate on the banks of the
Don, and is smrounded with parks and pleasure grounds, laid out with great
taste.
KEMPLAW, CASTLE, v. DUNDONALD.
KEMP'S CASTLE, or K AIM'S CASTLE, in the Shire of Perth ; and in
the Parish of Muthil. Here was a small, but strong Roman post ; being situate
on an eminence, and commanding an extensive prospect. General Roy has
preserved a plan of it. pi. xxxi.
KEN EDAR, v. KING EDWARD.
KENEDAR, in the Shire of Elgin : an ancient Parish, now constituting part
of the Parish of Drainy: The vestiges of the old Church arc still to be seen in
the Church-yard here ; and adjacent to it, are the remains of an old Palace or
Castle belonging to the Bishop of Moray, where he resided before the Castle of
KEN
Spynie was built. It is 6 m. N. b, E, from Elgin. This was formerly the seat
of the Treasurer of St. Andrew's.
KEN-LOCH-EW, v. GAIRLOGII.
KENMORE, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse is large, handsome, and commodious :
the glebe consists of more than the legal extent, to which is annexed a small
farm, which the Incumbent enjoys by the beneficence of the Breadalbane Family,
at the yearly rent of S.*;. : Patron, The Earl of Breadalbane : The Church is ex-
ceeding-ly neat, and [)lain. It is in the Presbytery of Dunkeld, and Synod of
Perth and Stirling. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (includ-
ing the village of Stronfernan) was 334G, and, in 1811, was 3624. It is 6 m.
SW. b. W. from Aberfeldy. This Parish is about 8 miles in length, and 7 miles
in breadth, stretching along both sides of Loch Tay: but a part of the vale of
Glen Lochay which belongs to it, extends much farther, and some places of it
are not less than 28 miles from the Parish Church : a small part also of Glen
Quaich belongs to it, which lies to the Southward, and is separated from the
body of the Parish by a lofty mountain, five miles over. The soil on the banks
oi Loch Tay is a rich loam, and the arable parts of the hills are of a light mossy
nature, not unfriendly to vegetation. The Village of Kenmore is neatly built,
and delightfully situate on an isthmus projecting into the Eastern extremity of
Loch Tay, from which point an elegant bridge, of 5 arches, is built over the Tay.
Here is a Pai'ochial School : and The Society for Propagating Christian Know-
ledo-e also maintain four Schools within the bounds of the Parish. On a small
Island, at the East end of Loch Tay, are the ruins of a Priory, formerly dependent
on the Religious establishment at Scone: it was founded in the year 1122, by
Alexander the First of Scotland, and in it the remains of his Queen Sibilla,
the natural daughter of Henry the First of England, were deposited. From the
ancient inhabitants of this Holy Island, the present Noble Owner has liberty to
fish in the Lake at all times of the year ; which is denied to the other Land-
owners in the neighbourhood : but it was necessary for the Monks to be indulged
with that privilege, as their very existence depended upon it. To this Island the
Campbells retreated at the approach of The Mai'quis of Montrose, where they
defended themselves for some time : a shot having narrowly missed him, he was
enraged to such a degree as to cause fire and sword to be instantly carried through
the whole country : it was taken, and garrisoned ; but, in 1654, was surrendered
to General Monk. Taymoulh, the principal seat of The Earl of BreadalbanEj
R2
KEN
lies nearly two miles to the North-East of the Village ; it was originally called
Balloch Castle, or The Castle at the discharf/e of the hake ; and was built by
Sir Colin Campbell, sixth Knight o^ Loch Ow, who died in the year 1583. This
place has been much modernized since the days of its founder ; and is now sur-
rounded with extensive pleasure grounds, in the finest taste, and cultivation.
Burns, the }X)et, has given a beautiful description of the scene. See, Glen
Lochay. By a Memorial, which was presented to The Commlssioners for
Highland Roads and Bridges by the great Land Owners, in the month of July
1807, it appears, " That much inconvenience is experienced by the inhabitants
of the country which is situate along the sides oi Loch Tay, from tlie want of a
more direct communication with the Low-lands, than is afforded by the roads
which proceed from the extemities of that district, at Kenmore, and Killin.
These places are 16 miles (the length of Z/or/t Tay^ distant from each other;
and, although they are connected by good roads on each side of the Loch, yet the
Inhabitants of the intermediate district in using these roads as a communication
with Corarie, Crieff or Stirling, make a very circuitous journey, compared with
that which they would have to perform were a good road made from about the
middle of the District, on the South side of 'the Loch through Glen Lednaig to
Comrie. The distance from Stirling to Kenmore, by Crieff and Tay Bridge,
is 46 miles, to which if 8 miles be added as a medium distance from Kenmore
to the Country situate between Kenmore and Killin, the total distance from
Stirling to that District will be 54 miles ; in like manner the distance from
Stirling by Callander and Loch-Earn-Head to Killin, being 38 miles, and 8
miles more being added as the distance from Killin to the District opposite the
centre of Loch Tay, the total distance of that district from Stirling by Killin
will be 46 miles. The distance from Perth to Kenmore is 37 miles, and 8 miles
more being added as above, the total distance from Perth to the district above
mentioned is 45 miles. — Stirling and Perth are the nearest, and the only Sea-
Ports with which Breadalbane is connected ; and it is from these jilaces, that all
the coals used in that district are brought. — There is another district of country,
to the Southward of that which has been described, which sustains at present
the similar inconvenience of a very circuitous communication with the Ports of
the Forth and Coal country situate along that river, while a much more direct
communication might be made, viz., The Village of Comrie and that part of
Strath Earn, which is situate in its neighbourhood. The distance from Stirling
to Corarie by Crieff is 28 miles. — To I'cmove the inconvenience thus experienced
KEN
by the country situate alonfj Loch Tay, and by that around Comrie, it lias been
long and frequently proposed to open a Road from the South side of Loch Tay,
near the Vilhige of Ardeonich through Glen Lednaig to Comrie, and to continue
this line of road from Comrie, through Glen Lichorn by Ardock and Kiiibuck
towards Dunblane and Stirling. The effects of this line of road being carried
through, would be, to reduce the distance from Stirling to Comrie from 28 to 20
miles, and to reduce the distance from Stir ling to the centre of Loch Tay, from
54 miles by Kcnmore, or 46 miles by Killin to 34 miles, being a reduction of
total distance of 20 miles in the former, and 12 miles in the latter case. — There
exist at present, in the course above described, unformed tracks, and accessible
only to horses or the lightest country carls with very small loads. — The expense
of making these roads, if wholly defrayed by the voluntary contributions of the
Landholders through whose estates they pass, would very greatly exceed the
benefit and advantage which would result to them individually from the execu-
tion of such a work. At the same time the Memorialists are willing, to a certain
extent, to devote to the improvement of that part of the country in which their
estates are situate, a vei'y considerable portion of their private fortunes, for the
attainment of that object : and they are willing to subject themselves to the con-
dition of advancing one-half of the ex|)ense, in terms of the Act of the 43° Geo. III. ,
provided The Commissioners, appointed by that Act, shall be of opinion, that the
circumstances of the case which they have stated, fall under the intendment of
that liberal and most beneficial enactment. — The Districts, above described,
would derive from these roads their wliole supply of coal, which it is of very
great consequence to obtain at such fl rate as to enable the inhabitants along the
sides of Loch Tay to avail themselves of it, for burning the lime-stone with which
the country abounds. These roads would form the great lines of communication
with the Lowlands and with the Sea-Port of Alloa, and they would facilitate to
a great degree the intercourse of Districts of country between which a very con-
siderable traffic would exist, arising from the exportation of timber, oak, bark,
slates, lime-stone, wool, &c., and the importation of all sorts of manufactured
goods and merchandize." — Upon a deliberate consideration of this Road, The
Commissioners did not think fit to extend Public aid to that part of it South of
Comrie, and the event has justified their decision, as it has since been made under
a Turnpike Act. But the Northern portion of the road between Loch Tay side
and Comrie, has recently been completed ; and its future maintenance placed on
a proper footing, by the Act for the repair of certain Roads in the Shire of Perth.
K E P
•
The Fairs are holden on the first Tuesday, O. S., in March, the 28th of June,
the 26th of July, the 17th of September, and 3d and 24th of December.
KENMURE, CASTLE, v. KELLS.
KENNEDY, CASTLE, and LAKES, v. INCH.
KENNETH-MOUNT, v. KINNETHMONT.
' KENNET PANS, in the Shire of Clackmannan : and in the Parish of Clack-
mannan. The Pow or Harbour, on the Forth, has 17 feet of water at Spring-
tides, and i.s capable of being greatly enlarged : it is the property of Alexander
Bruce, Esq., ot Kennet, who has built an elegant modern House there. Here
was formerly a Salt pan ; at present a Colliery is worked to a considerable ex-
tent, and a great Distillery has lately been established. Mr. Bruce is a Claim-
ant, in opposition to The Earl of Elgin, for the C/iip/«/«/> of the Ancient and
Illustrious Family of Bruce : And he has also a Claim to the Attainted Title of
Baron Burleigh. The Paw of Kennet Pans is within the District of the Port
of Alloa.
KENNOWAY, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 80 bolls of meal and bear, and
■500 merks in money : the glebe consists of 6 acres : Patron, The Crown : The
Church, and manse, are old. It is in the. Presbytery of Kirkaldy, and Synod of
Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1466, and, in 1811,
was 1517, It is 20|^ m. N. b. E. firom Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is
established at Windygales, within a mile of the Village. This Parish is about
3 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth : the soil is all arable, and gener-
ally fertile, and the greatest part is inclosed. Coals are the common fuel,
brought from the neighbouring Parishes. The air is dry, and salubrious. The
turn-pike road is in good repair. The Salary of the Parochial School, including
a. donation of £'20. Scotch, is upwards of £' 16. .0. .0. Sterling, together with School-
fees, and perquisites, and a new and commodious School-house, and dwelling,
A considerable quantity of linen is manufactured here. The Fairs are holden on
the first Thursday, O. S., in April, and the fourth Monday in October.
KENUACHTRACH, FERRY, v. JURA, ISLAND,
KEPPOCH, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Ardnamurchan,
It is 1 m. N. W. from Arasaig. This is a small Village, situate on the North-
Eastern shore o( Loch-na-Gaul: its Resident Population, in 1811, was 129.
It is also a Farm at the junction of the Roy and Spean in Lochaber, formerly the
Seat of the Chieftains of the name of Macdonald. Even so lately as in the last
K E R
years of King William, a battle was fought at Mull Roy, on a plain a few miles
to the South of Inverness, between the Clans of Mackintosh, and Macdonald,
of Keppoch. Colonel Macdonald, the Chief of a small Clan, refused to pay
the dues demanded from him by Mackintosh, as his Superior lord. They dis-
dained the interposition of judges and laws, and calling each his followers to
maintain the dignity of the Clan, fought a formal battle, in which several con-
siderable men fell on the side of Mackintosh, without a complete victory to
either. This is said to have been the last open war made between the Clans,
by their om'h authority.
KERERA, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Lorn, and
Shire of Argyle : it constitutes part of the Parish of Killmore. This Island is
separated from the Mainland of the district of Lorii by a Sound of about a mile
broad, over which there is a safe and convenient Ferry, about two miles from
Oban. It is about 3 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth ; the surface is
mountainous, and many of the rocks have a volcanic appearance. Here are two
good harbours, called the Ardintrive, and Horse- Shoe Bay; at the latter of
which King Alexander the Second died, when upon an expedition against the
Danes, on the 8th of July 1249. The whole Island is the property of Mr.
Macdougal, of Diinolly Castle, (once the residence of the anc'ent Chieftains
of Lorn, from whom he is descended) except a small farm, which belongs to
The Earl of Breadalbane. Here is a Charity School. From hence is a Fen-y,
of about eight or ten miles broad, to the Inn of Achnacraig, in the Isle of Mull.
KERLOACK, MOUNTAIN, v. STRACHAN.
KERRILA, CASTLE, v. STEVENSTON.
KERRY, Tlie, v. KILL-FINAN.
KERSE, or CARSE, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of Falkirk.
It is 3 m. N. E. from Falkirk. This estate once belonged to the Hopes, a family
of considerable note and antiquity in this Country. It afterwards came by pur-
chase to the late Sir Laurence Dundas, Bart., father of Thomas Lord Dundas,
the present most worthy Proprietor, and Lord Lieutenant of the Shire of Orlmey
and Shetland. See, Orangemouth.
KERSFIELD, v. COLDSTREAM.
KERSHOPE, in the Shire of Selkirk ; and in the Parish of Yarrow. It is
9 m. W. S. W. from Selkirk, It is situate near the Eastern bank of the river
Yarroii), and is divided into Easter and Wester Kershope. On the top of Kers-
hope Hill, there stood a monumental stone, called Tali's Cross; but the cause
K E T
of its erection cannot now be traced to its origin. Mr. Chalmers informs us,
from a manuscript description of the Shire of Selkirk by Mr. John Hodge, in
1722, " that there was then to be seen, at Taifs Cross, boughted and milked,
upwards of 12,000 ewes, in the month of June, about eight o'Clock at night, at
one view." Boughted is a vei'b, formed from the substantive bought or bnght,
which meant in the speech of the Shepherds, a fold for ewes, while they were
milked. There is an old Song :
" Will ye go to the ewe-buchts, Marion?
" And wear in the sheep wi' me."
KERSIE FERRY, v. AIRTH.
KERSWELL, v. CARNWATH.
KESSOCK, WESTER, v. KILLEARNAN. Here is a Ferry over Loch
Beauty to Inverness, the property of Mr. Grant, of Red- Castle. It is in the
Parish of Knockbain, and is accommodated with a convenient Pier, and Inn.
KETTINS, in the Shire of Forfar: formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 12 chalders of victual, and £5. for Communion elements :
the manse was built in 1792: the glebe consists of nearly 4 acres : Patron, The
Crown : The Church was built in 1768, and anciently had six Chapels depend-
ent upon it, viz., one at the Village of Peatie, another at South Coston, a third at
Pitciir, a fourth at Mniry- Faulds , a fifth at Denhead, and a sixth on the South
side of the village of Kettins. It is in the Presbytery of Meigle, and Synod of
Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population of this Paiish, in 1801, was
1207, and, in 1811, was 1241. It is 1 m, S. E. from Cupar of Angus. This
Parish is about 5 miles in length, and nearly 4 miles in breadth. The soil is
generally good, consisting in many parts of a rich black loam : and it is mostly
inclosed, and well cultivated. Fuel is scarce. The Salary of the Parochial
Scliool is the maximum, together with School-fees, and an excellent School and
School-house built in 1808, and about half an acre of land : besides which, there
are mortifications for the education of children belonging to the Parisli. Hali-
bvrton House, a modern Mansion, is the residence of the very respectable Family
of Halh^urton, who were very active in effecting the Reformation of the Church
of Scotland, and are the chief Heritors of the Parish, Lintrose, formerly called
Todderance, belonged to Mr. IIaliburton, whose Grandfather, Lord Todder-
ANCE, was a Senator of the College of Justice, and a Nephew of the House of
Pitcur: it is now the residence of John Murray, Esq., and is surrounded with
K E T
fertile fields and thriving plantations. The Castle of Pitcur, now in ruins, gave
the title of Baron (now extinct) to the Ancient and Noble family of Haliburton,
the Chief of that name. The Castle o( Dores was situate on the summit of the
Hill of this name, about three miles to the South ; but scarcely any vestiges of
it now remain ; and tradition reports it to have been for some time the residence
of Macbeth. At Baldowrie is an ancient Danish Monument with some figures
upon it, but they are now almost obliterated. A number of stone coffins have
lately been dug up in different parts of the Parish ; together with several urns
of very rude manufacture, in many of which were ashes and bones, and some
pieces of metal. Bandirran, though locally situate in the Shire of Perth, never-
theless belongs to the Parish of Kettins ; from which it is detached about six
miles to the South-West, and is the residence and estate of Miss Drummond, of
Gardrum. General Roy has preserved a plan of one of the temporary works of
Agricola at a place, called CampMuir, near Lintrose, pi. 14.
KETTLE, or KING'S KETTLE, in the District of Cupar, and Shire of
Fife: formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 24 bolls of
barley, 41 bells of meal, and <£50..0..0. in money, together with £'8..6..8. for
Communion elements, and £'2.. 3.. 4. for Pasturage : the manse is in good repair :
the glebe consists of the legal extent : Patron, The Crown : The Church was
built in 1636. It is in the Presbytery of Cupar, and Synod of Fife. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages of Balmalcolm,
andCoalton) was 1889, and, in 1811, was 1968. It is 4 m. E.N.E. from Falk-
land. This Parish contains 5668 Scotch acres, stretching along the Vale which
extends from Kinross to St. Andrew's. On the banks of the Eden, which is
subject to inundations, the soil is of an excellent carse; and even in the hilly
districts, it affords good pasture for all kinds of cattle. The climate is, for the
most part, dry and healthy. There are inexhaustible Quarries of free-stone,
moor-stone, lime-stone, and iron-stone, all of an excellent quality ; together with
coals of a superior kind. The amount of the School -master's salary, including the
dwelling and Session-clerkship, is about £22. per annum, besides School-fees.
A considerable quantity of linen is manufactured here. The roads are in good
repair. Services of all kinds are entirely abolished. The Lands of Kettle were
formerly the property of the Crown, and were afterwards feued in eight Divisions,
in perpetual tacks, at the rents then received ; which are still paid to the King,
imder the name of Crown Rents. Lathrisk, the elegant modern Mansion
of William Johnstone, Esq., is surrounded with extensive Plantations. Oo
VOL. u. S
K I L
Bandon Hill, and Down Hill,\aTe the remains of circular encampments : there are
also several barrows. Clatto, an ancient Castle of great strength, is said to have
been the residence of a Family of Seatons.
KILDA, ST., or HIRTA, the most remote of the Western Isles, and in the
Shire of Inverness. It is in the Latitude of 57"" 50' North, and 20 leao^ues West
from the Sound of Harris. This Isle is about 3 miles in length, and 2 in breadth,
and about 9^ miles in circumference. It is encircled with one continued perpen-
dicular face of rock, of prodigious height, except a part of the Bay or landing-
place, which lies towards the South-East, and even there the rocks are of great
height ; and the narrow passage to the summit of the rock is so steep, that a few
men with stones, could prevent any hostile attempts from landing on the Isle.
The Bay is also difficult of access, as the tides and waves are so impetuous, that,
unless in a calm, it is extremely dangerous of approach. The surface of the Isle
is rocky, rising into four or five high mountains, of which Congara is the most
lofty ; and is covered to the depth of 6 or 18 inches with a blackish loam, except
on the tops of the hills, where there is 3 feet depth of moss. The soil, though
naturally poor, is, however, rendered fertile by the singular industry of the In-
habitants, who manure their fields, so as to convert them into a sort of garden.
They sow and reap much earlier than in other Islands in ihe same liatitude : the
Harvest is commonly over before September; but, if it unfortunately happens
otherwise, the whole crop is liable to be destroyed by the Equinoctial storms,
which in this Isle are attended with the most impetuous hurricanes, and exces-
sive rains. Barley, and oats, are only sown ; and, of the former, about 50 bolls
are annually exported to Harris, the grain of which is of a very superior quality
to that produced by the other Western Islands. Potatoes have lately been intro-
duced ; and cabbages, and other garden plants, are now begun to be used.
There are several springs, that form a small burn or rivulet which runs close
past the Village ; and which is situate about a quarter of a mile from the Bay,
on the South-East, the houses being built in two pretty regular rows, facing one
another, with a spacious street in the middle : This Village is called, Their
Country : and the little Isles of Boreray, and Sony, which are about 6 miles dis-
tant and well stocked with sheep, are named. The North Country. The Gaelic
is the only language spoken here. The Resident Population, in 1764, was only
88 : formerly it was more populous, but, in 1730, one of the Inhabitants going to
Harris, was attacked with the Small-jjox, and died : unluckily, liis clothes were
carried back to Si. Kilda the following year by one of his relations, and thus was
K I L
the infection communicated, whicli made such havoc, that only four adults were
left alive. Mr. Martin, and Mr. Macaulay, who visited this Isle, have given
us the most interesting descriptions of it, and especially the method of catching
wild fowls, which, dnring the season of incubation, absolutely cover the whole
Isle, and every interstice in the impending rocks. These birds are of various
kinds ; but the Ftdmar, a grey bird about the size of a moor-hen and with a
strong bill, is, according to The Rev. Mr. Buchanan, the most highly esteemed
by the inhabitants, for its many good qualities ; as they think the world cannot
produce any thing to equal it in value : the Fulmar furnishes oil for the lamp,
dotvn for the bed, the most salubrious/oot/, and the most efficacious ointment for
healing of wounds: in a word, say the poor inhabitants, " Deprive us of the
Fulmar, and St. Kilda is no more :" this bird lays only one egg in a season ;
the least offence makes her quit her nest, so nice are her feelings : and it is,
therefore, a high crime in St. Kilda to plunder its nest. The Laird of Macleod
is the Proprietor ; and the Isle is visited annually by his Steward, to collect the
rents, which are paid in sheep, butter, cheese, and wild fowl. They profess
the Protestant Religion : and their Minister is engaged to explain the English
Bible into Gaelic : the Salary annexed to this office is about £25. per annum,
being mostly a mortification of 300 merks left by a gentleman of the name of
Macleod, to be given to any name-sake, who can answer the above purpose ;
and tlie rest to be made up by The Society for propagating Christian Knowledge
in Scotland. This Isle is rendered remarkal)le, for its having been the place of
irapri.<vas holden by the English
under Sir John Hastings, in 1306, M'hen it was surprised by the partizans of
Robert Bruce, and the garrison put to the sword : it was demolished in 1456,
by The Earl of Ross ; it is said to have been re-built by James the Fifth, and to
have been garrisoned in the time of Cromwell's usurpation : It now belongs to
The Duke of Hamilton, and having been modernized, is inhabited by His
Grace's Agent. See, Arran, Isle.
KILLBRIDE, EAST, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark : formerly
a Rectory, with the Parish of Torrance united, in 1589 ; the Stipend of which,
in 1811, was 15 chalders of meal, and £8. .6. .8. for Communion elements : the
manse is scarcely habitable, and the Minister does not live in it : the glebe con-
sists of the legal extent : Patron, The Crown : The Church was re-built in
1774, but is only partially seated. It is in the Presbytery of Hamilton, and Sy-
nod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
2330, and, in 1811, was 2906. It is 8 m. S. b. E. from Glasgow. This Village,
of which Lord Lyle, the Proprietor of Kirk- Totcn Holm, is Superior, was con-
stituted a Burgh of Barony, about the end of the reign of Queen Anne. By that
Grant, the Inhabitants are empowered to hold a weekly Market on Tuesday,
which is now disused; and Fairs on the fourth Tuesday in June, the second
Tuesday in August, and the second Tuesday in November, principally for cows ;
besides whicli, it has long been famous for the best frequented Sheep Markets
in Scotland, and which are holden annually, upon an adjacent Common, on the
last Friday in May, and the two first Fridays in June, O. S. This Parish is about
10 miles in length, and from 2 to 5 miles in breadth : about four-fiftlis of it are
arable, the remainder being moors, which afford excellent pasture for Sheep.
The principal manufactures are those of cotton. Lime-stone, peats, and iron-
stone, are in the greatest plenty; and some coals. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 400 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites. The roads are
in tolerable repair. The climate is healthy. There are several old Castles ;
among Mhich, The Castle-Hill, situate near the bank of the Clyde, is indis-
putably a Roman Fort ; for here, as well as in the adjacent fields, many of their
Coins have been discovered, and, among the rest, a fine silver Faustina. General
I
K I L
Roy, vvlio has given a plan of it, pi. 35., thinks it might possibly be the Brigo-
mono, of Ravennas. This Parisli had the honour of giving birth to the late
celebrated William Hunter, M. D., and his no less distinguished brother,
John Hunter, the skilful Surgeon and Anatomist. The Rector of East Kill-
bride was formerly Chantor to the Cathedral of Glasgow, and the Teinds are
still paid to that University. From the Proprietors of a certain District in
this Parish, the Minister of Eglesham receives annually, 16 bolls of Craig-Mul-
loch corn ; so called from a hill in that District. The corn which this hill usually
produces, is uncommonly bad ; hence Craig -Mtdloch corn is a Proverbial ex-
pression, for coru of the worst quality. The inhabitants of this part of Kill-
bride have a claim on the Minister of Eglesham, for a Sermon to be preached
among them every ten weeks, and a Ministerial visit once a year. This
claim, however, is either not made or not complied with : but care is taken,
that there shall be no risk of a proscription, with regard to the payment of the
corn.
KILLBRIDE, WEST, in the District of Cuninghame, and Shire of Ayr : for-
merly a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 5 chalders of oat-meal, 2
chalders of bear, Linlithgow measure, and £'420. Scotch : the manse is in bad
repair : the glebe is a very small one : Patron, The Earl of Eglintoun, who is
also Titular of the Teinds : The Church is a long, narrow, mean-looking edifice.
It is in the Presbytery of Irvine, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 795, and, in 1811, was 1015. It is 8 ra.
S. from Largs. This Parish is about 6 miles in length, and from 2 to 3f miles
in breadth, stretching along the Atlantic Ocean. The surface is mountainous ;
and the soil is, in general, poor, and thin. The climate is moist, and variable.
In the romantic glen of Southannan, is a series of the most beautiful Water-falls,
and the wildness of the scene is much increased by the fine natural woods that
encircle the abyss: near this, are the ruins of a Chapel, and of the house of
Southannan, formerly the residence of the family of Semple, and now the pro-
perty of The Earl of Eglintoun. Ardneel Bank is also much admired for its
beautiful and sequestered Scenery. At the foot of Tlie Law, are the remains of
an old Castle, formerly one of the Seats of the Killmarnock family, who had
large possessions here : and, upon the Auld Hill, are the vestiges of a circular
building ; which also affords an inexhaustible Quarry of coarse granite, that is
famous for the purpose of mill-stones. The ancient Castle of Portincross is
situate close upon the sea shore, and was probably a Royal Hunting- Seat ; as
VOL II. T
K I L
appears from a Charter of Seasin, still extant in the possession of Robert
Hunter, Esq., o^ Hnnterston, signed there by Robert the Second in 1374, and
vesting the family of Hunterston in the property of certain parts of the lands of
Ardneel: near the Port and Castle of Portincross, one of the Spanish Ships was
lost, which composed the famous Armada, in 1588. Robert Simpson, M. D.,
late Professor of Mathematics in the University of Glasgow, and translator of
Eucr.iD, was a native of this Parish.
KILL-BUCHO, or KILL-BOTHOC, in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a
Rectory and Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £100., and 48 bolls
of victual, two parts oat-meal, and one part bear, with the usual servitude of
moss : Patron, Captain William Dickson : The Church is dedicated to St. Bega.
It is in the Presbytery of Biggar, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 342, and, in 1811, was 322.
It is 3 m. S. W. from Brouohton, This Parish is about 4\ miles in leno^th from
East to West, and about 3 miles in breadth from North to South, and contains
between four and five Tliousand acres of Land. It consists of two parallel ridges
of hills, covered with heath and grass, and of the two vallies lying on the North
of each ridge: the highest point of the hills (Garden) is elevated 1400 feet
above the level of the sea : the soil is tolerable, and is capable of much improve-
ment. The Schoolmaster's Salary is 300 merks, Scotch, together with the in-
terest of some mortified money, and perquisites. The great distance from Coals,
is a serious inconvenience ; much peat is used. There is a tumulus on the
North-East side of the Parish, which appears to be connected with others in
the adjacent Parishes. On the hill of Corscrine the English encamped, before
the battle of Biggar. During tlie reign of Charles the First, the Barony of
Kill-Bucho, with the patronage of the Church, was acquired by John Dickson;
and they both continue to belong to his worthy descendant. In the month of
June 1640, John Dickson obtained from Parliament, a ratification of his lands
of Hartree, and Kill-Bucho, with the patronage of the Church, and the lease of
the Tythes thereof, with the Annuity. It is said, that there was formerly a
Monastery here. According to Mr. Chalmers, Robert the Second granted to
Jami:s Douglas, of Dalkeith, on the resignation of his father, the Barony of
Kilt- Bolhoc, and AVulands, w'llh the Barony of Linlon Roderick, in the Shire of
Peebles. Doctor P;.nnvcuick asserts, without quoting his authority, that Kill-
Biu;ho was erected into a RegaWy for Lord Hautree, one of the Senators of the
College of Justice, the Grand-uncle of Mr. Dickson, of liill-Bucho ; but, when
K I L
that Lawyer's descendant claimed £1000., for the Regality of Kill-Bucho, his
claim seems not to have been allowed.
KILLCAIGOW, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish of
Carluke. It is 3 m. N. from Lanark. This is a small Village.
KILLC ALMONELL, in the District of Cantyre, and Shire of Argyle : for-
merly a Vicarage, with the Parish of Killbcrry united ; the Stipend of which, in
1811, was 2 chalders of victual, I/inlitligoio measure, and £63. Sterling: no
manse, but an allowance of £12.. 10.. 0. is annually made by the heritors: the
glebe consists of 4 1 acres ofarable land, and a servitude on a neighbouring farm,
of grass for 4 cows : Patron, The Duke of Argyle : The Churches are 5 miles
distant from each other, including a mile of sea, which is the breadth of Loch
Tarhert: Divine Service is performed both in the Gaelic and English languages.
It is in the Presbytery of Cantyre, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Popula-
tion of the United Parishes, in 1801, was 2952, and, in 1811, was,
For the Parish of Killbcrry, - 915.
For the Parish of Killcalmonell, - 2265.
3180.
It is ^ m. W^. from East Tarbert. These Parishes are about 16 miles in length,
and from 3 to 5 miles in breadth, stretchinsr alons; the coast of the Atlantic
Ocean. The surface is much diversified ; the arable land is tolerably fertile,
but by far the greatest proportion consists of muir and heath, and is ill adapted
to cultivation. The climate is very variable, and the transitions from mild to
cold, from dry to wet, are sudden and frequent. The roads are good. The
Salary of the Parochial School is the minimum allowance : besides which, here
are two of the Society's Schools, with each a small salary. Game, of various
kinds, are in plenty. Fuel is expensive. The Fisheries are prosecuted here
with great success. This Parish constitutes the most Northerly part of the Vcn-
'in&\\\sioi Cantyre: the entrance to which was formerly defended by a chain of
Forts, one at each side of the isthmus at East and West Tarbert, and a third in
the centre. There are also the remains of several other ancient fortifications,
particularly one with vitrified walls, and another with a very thick wall of drj
stones, both of them built on the hill of Dunskeig, which commands the opening
of Loch Tarbert. There are likewise many cairns : and some years ago, a cot-
tager discovered in a moss on the estate of the late Lord Stonefield, several
pieces of ancient brass armour. See, Tarbert.
T2
K I L
KILL-CHALUM-KILL, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of
Clyne. A pleasant Village, situate near the Northern bank of Loch Brora. This
seems to have been formerly a consecrated place of Interment ; and, some years
ago, a stone Cross was discovered, which was immediately erected upon the
spot where it was found, and is still to be seen there.
KILLCHATTAN, in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Argvle : an ancient
Parish, now united to the Parish of Killbrandon. It is 18 m. S. b. W. from
Oban. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1811, was 1074. See, Kill-
brandon.
KILLCHENZIE, in the District of Cantyre,and Shire of Argvle : an ancient
Parish, now united to the Parish of Killean. The Church, which is now in ruins,
was dedicated to St. Kenneth. It is 4 ra. W. b. N. from Campbell-Town. It is
situate upon the Atlantic Ocean.
KILL-CHOAN, v. ARDNAMURCHAN.
KILL-CHOMAN, in the Island of Islay, and Shire of Argyle : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was for one-third of the Teind and
Tack duties of the Island £46.. 10.. 4^., including £'8. .6.. 8. for Communion ele-
ments, and£111..16..3:i-. by Parliamentary augmentation, together with a manse,
and glebe : Patron, The Crown : The Church is in the centre of the Parish. It
is in the Presbj'tei'y of Cantyre, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 2050, and , in 181 1, was 3131. It is 20 m. S. W. from
Port-Askaig. This Parish extends along the Western coast of the Island, and
is deeply indented by Loch Grunart, and Loch-in-Daul, two arms of the sea.
It is about 20 miles in length, and 6 miles in breadth. The soil along the coast
is arable, and tolerably productive : but a ridge of moor-land, which runs through
the Parish, is famous for grazing. The shore, to the West, is rough and bold,
affording no anchoring ground : but Loch-in-Daul, to the East, is a fair spacious
harbour, and very much frequented, with a fine Quay at the Village o? Boicmore.
The climate is very rainy. Game, of various kinds, are in great plenty. The
roads are good. A great quantity of linen is manufactured here. Peats, of an
e.\cellent kind, are in abundance. Tlicre is one Lake, which covers about 100
acres of land, and is well supplied with fine trouts ; in it is a small Island,
strongly forlified, whither, it is said, Macdonald, of Islay, in 1588, retired, when
attacked by the Macleans, whom he afterwards vanquished. Walter Campbell,
Esq., ofShair/ield,h now Proprietor of the whole Island. On the forfeiture of
the Macdonalds, Islay, Jura, and the lands of Muckairn, were made over to
K I L
Campbell, of Calder, who was then a favourite at Court, on condition of his
paying £'500. yearly of a feu-duly out of Lshiy, wliich is the reason of the duty
bcino- so higli ; and Calder soM all these lands again to Shawjield for X' 12,000.:
which, if the increase of land continues, will very soon be the income of it. The
Salary of the Parochial School, which is taught in the Church, is 300 mcrks, to-
gether with School-fees, and perquisites, and a rood of land. The Gaelic is the
general language. Freeport, near Port-Askaig, is the hospitable residence of
Mr. Freebairn, who has extensive lead mines there; it is in the Latitude of
55° 52' 29" North.
KILL-CHONAN, in the Shire of Perth : an ancient Parish, now compre-
hended ill the Parish of Fortingal.
KILL-CHOUSLAN, v. CAMPBELL-TOWN.
KILL-CHRENAN, in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Argyle : formerly
a Vicarage, with the Parish of Dalavich united; the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was 4 chaldtrs of meal, £400. Scotch in money, and £60. Scotch for Commu-
nion elements : there are neither manse, nor glebe: Patron, and Superior, The
Duke of Argyle, who very nobly provides the Minister with a commodious
Farm : There are two good Churches, at the distance of 7 miles from each other.
It is in the Presbytery of l^orn, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population
of the Parish of Kill-Chrenan, in 1801, was 566, and, in 1811, was 626. It is
11 m. W. b. S. from Dalmally. The United Parishes are 12 miles in length,
and about 8 miles in breadth, lying on both sides o^ Loch Awe, or Oio, and com-
prehending by estimation 61,440 Scotch acres. The surface is much diversified,
and heath is the prevailing appearance ; but near the shore of the Lake, there
is good natural pasture, and excellent arable land. Loch Oic, with its numerous
creeks and islands, twelve of which belong to this Parish, and are covered with
valuable wood to the water's edge, presents important objects. — Surrounded by
a cluster of other Islands, lies the beautiful one o( Inis-Chonnel, with its castle,
a majestic ruin of great antiquity, and now covered over with i^'y ; this Castle
was for several Centuries the chief residence of the Noble family of Argyle, and
appears from its nature, strength, and size, to have been occupied by a powerful
Chieftain, whose sway and extent of territory we learn, both from record and
tradition, to have been immense. Near Inis- Channel hes Inis-Eraith, mentioned
by Dr. Smith, of Campbell- Toicn, in his authenticity of Ossl4n's Poems, as the
place to which the traitor Erath beguiled Duara, as recounted in one of the
Songs of Selma: in this Island are burying grounds, and the ruins of a Chapel.
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The climate is rainy. Fuel is expensive. The roads are bad. The Salary of the
Parochial School is unfortunately obliged to be divided into two portions, for a
Master on each side of the Loch ; besides which, the sum of £'74. has been mor-
tified by a lady of the family o( Campbell, oi^ Auchinbreck, iov supporting the
School of Kill-Chrenan : There is also a Charity School, with a Salary of £12.,
and an Ambulatory one, with a Salary of £6. Sonachan, pleasantly situate on the
Eastern bank of Loch Awe, is the residence of Mr. Campbell, whose patriotic
exertions in the improvement of the country are most exemplary.
KILL-CHRIST, in the Shire of Ross : an ancient Parish, now united to the
Parish of Urray. See, Urray.
KILLCHURN, CASTLE, v. GLEN URCHAY.
KILLCONQUHAR, in the District of St. Andrew's, and Shire of Fife : for-
merly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 10 chalders 3 firlots
3 pecks and 2 lippies of barley, and £17..13..95^. Sterling : the manse is in toler-
able repair : the glebe consists of upwards of 7 acres : Patron, The Earl of Bal-
can-as : The Church is in good condition. It is in the Presbytery of St. Andrew's,
and Synod of Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (containing
the Villages of Barn-yards, Colin's-Burgh, Earl's-Ferry, and Killconquhar) was
2005, and, in 1811, was 2103. It is 1 ra. S. E. from Colin's-Burgh. This Parish
contains upwards of 3000 acres of arable land, well cultivated, and about 280
acres of links or sandy plains, abounding with rabbits ; and the whole stretching
along the Northern coast of the Firth of i^or^//. The air is moist, but not un-
healthy. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with a good
School-house, dwelling, garden, and a small croft of land. Coals, of excellent
quality, are found in the North part of the Parish ; and lime-stone is also in
abundance. The roads are good. To the Southward of the village of Killconquhar
is a beautiful Lake about :|^ of a mile in length, and :|- of a mile in breadth, afford-
ing pike, and eels, of a large size ; and is much frequented by various kinds of aqua-
tic birds. Balcarras, the beautiful Seat of The Honourable Robert Lindsay, is
surrounded by a highly cultivated and fertile district, from whence the Ancient
and Noble Family of Lindsay take the title of Earl. The first of this branch of
the Lindsay family was John, the second son of Sir David Lindsay, of Edzel, in
Angus, by Jane his wife, daughter of Sir John Campbell, of Colder : He was
made one of the Senators of the College of Justice by King James the Sixth,
Secretary of State, and a Commissioner of the Treasury : He married Margaret
Luvan, and deceasing in 1598, left David his heir, who was, on the 7th of June
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1663, created Lord Lindsay; and whose son Alexander was created Earl of
of Balcarras, ill 1051, by Charles the Second. Tlie situations of the elegant
and hospitable Mansions of KiUconquhar, belonging to Henry Bethune, Esq.;
— Chenleton, to John Anstruther Thompson, Esq. — Lathallan, to Major
LuMSDAiNE ; — Kincraig, to Mr. Gourlay ; — and Grange, to Sir John Malcolm,
Bart., are also much admired. The Castle of Hires, the property of Mr. Bayne,
merits also particular notice, although its ancient magnificence is much decayed.
The Fairs are holden on the 14lh of May, and the 8th of November.
KILLCOY, V. KILLEARNAN.
KILLDALTON, in the Island of Islay, and Shire of Argyle: formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was for one-third of the Teind and
Tack duties of the Island £'46..10..4g:, including £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion ele-
ments, and £111..16..3|. by Parliamentary augmentation: the manse, and
oflSces, are in good repair : the glebe is large : Patron, The Crown : The Church,
which is situate near the Farm of Bailie Naughton, is in tolerable repair. It is
in the Presbytery of Cantyre, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 1990, and, in 1811, was 2269. It lies on the South-
East side of the Island, and is about 15 miles in length, and 6 miles in breadth.
The soil is various, and poorly cultivated. The principal exports are black
cattle, horses, and linen yarn. There are many good anchoring places along the
shore, especially in the bay of Loch Knock, and at Lagamhuilin about 3 miles
to the South- West of it, where there is a small village, and a quay. Peats are
in plenty. Mr. Campbell, of Shau]/ield, is proprietor of the Avhole parish. Here
is a Parochial School, and also a Charity School, both of which have good School-
houses, and dwellings. The roads are bad. Upon a Promontory, called Ditn-
Aidh, are the remains of a large Danish Fort. The Castle of Dim- Naomhaig,
now in ruins, is said to have been the residence of the Macdonalds, of Islay.
KILL-DONAN, in the Shire of Sutherland : formerly a Vicarage, the Sti-
pend of which, in 1795, being the full Teind of the Parish, was £'87.. 18.. 10. in
money, including £8..6..8. for Communion elements, 2 firlots 1 peck 2f lippies
of victual, and £69.. 15.. 10. by Parliamentary augmentation : the manse is in
tolerable repair : Patron, The Countess of Sutherland : The Church was built
in 1786, and is dedicated to St.Donan. It is in the Presbytery of Dornoch, and
Synod of Sutherland and Caithness. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 1440, and, in 1811, was 1574. It is 15 m. N. b. E from Golspie.
This Parish is computed to be 20 miles in length, and from a quarter of a mile
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to 8 miles in breadth. It is situate along each side of the river Helmsdale, for
about 13 miles ; where it then stretches out into the three districts of Strath
Tilney, Frigh, and Strath Beg, whose respective small streams are contributary
to the Helmsdale. There are ten Lochs, which contain plenty of trout, and
some salmon : and six mountains, not very high, but covered with heath. In
the vallies the soil is light, fertile, and productive of tolerable crops, but subject
to frequent inundations from the sudden swellings of the river. The Salary of
the Parochial School is 300 merks >Sco?c/t, together with perquisites, and School-
fees. The Society have also a School here, with a Salary of £9. Sterling. The
Gaelic is the only language spoken here. There are several tumuli ; and three
subterranean passages, which, it is said, extend under the bed of the river
Helmsdale, from cairns on each side of it. This has long been the residence of
the martial tribe of the Gunns ; a family of Norwegian extraction, who contri-
buted materially to extirpate the Danes out of Sutherland.
IvILL-DRUMMIE, in the Shire of Nairn ; and in the Parish of Nairn. It is
27 m. S. W. from Nairn. Here is the Seat of Hugh Rose, Esq., of Brae, to
whom those Lands were sold by Patrick Hepburn, Bishop of Moray, in 1545.
KILLDRUMMY, in the District of Alford, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly
a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'80..8..1. Sterling, including
£'8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, 6 bolls of bear, 23 bolls 1 firlot 1 peck 2f
lippies of meal, and £49.. 10..0. by Parliamentary augmentation, and a glebe : the
manse is in tolerable repair : Patron, The Crown : The Church is ancient. It is
in the Presbytery of Alford, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 430, and, in 1811, was 470. It is 6 m. W. b. N. from
Alford. This Parish is situate in a Valley, from two to three miles square, and
intersected by the river Don. The soil is a deep rich loam, exceedingly fertile,
and the modern improvements in agriculture are now introduced. There is a
considerable extent of natural wood on the banks of the Don ; and around the
Mansions of Brux, the Seat of Jonathan Forbes, Esq., and of Clova, the Seat
of Harry hvmsDEti, Esq., o( Auchindore, are some small Plantations. The
Castle of Killdrummy, anciently a seat of King Robert Bruce, is a ruin of great
antiquity : soon after the forfeiture of The Earl of Marr, in 1715, it came into
the possession of a Proprietor, who suffered the whole to go to decay : But the
Family of Fife having acquired the Superiorities of the Earldom of Maur, by
purchase from the Crown, it is said, that they still retain the privilege of holding
meetings, and transacting business, with the vassals in the Snow-Tower : it is
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however, certain, that this never was, and it is much more than probable, that it
never will be, ascertained by actual practice.
KILL-DUICH, V. KIN TAIL.
KILLDUSCLAN, v. KNAPDALE, SOUTH.
KILLEAN, in the District of Cantyre, and Shire of Argvle : formerly a
Vicarage, with the Parish of Killchenzie united : the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was 6 chalders of bear, CaM/»/re measure, and £'18..10..0. Sterling, together
with a glebe, and £12..10..0. in lieu of a manse : Patron, The Duke of Argyle :
The Church is in decent condition. It is in the Presbytery of Cantyre, and
Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 2520,
and, in 1811, was 2934. It is 18 m. N. N. W. from Campbell-Town. This
Parish is 18 miles in length, and 4 miles in breadth, being bounded on the
West by the Atlantic Ocean. The soil along the coast is in general sharp and
sandy, but is very productive, from the abundant application of sea-ware, which
is driven in by the storms, and collected by the Farmers for manure: the moun-
tains are chiefly covered with heath. The climate is very rainy, but not un-
healthy. Here are several Danish Forts, some rude Obelisks, and the remains
of a vitrified tower. There are four Schools in the Parish ; one of them being
supported by the Society for propagating Christian Knowledge, another by the
Royal Bounty, and the other two by the Heritors. The roads are good. Fuel
is scarce. Here is a Ferry to the Island of Giga. The Duke of Argyle is the
principal Proprietor.
KILLEAN, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of Clyne.
This is a beautiful Village, situate near the Eastern extremity oi Loch Brora.
KILLEARN, in the Shire of Stirling : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £150., together with a manse, and glebe, and £8.. 6.. 8.
for Communion elements : Patron, The Duke of Montrose : The Church was
re-built in 1734, and is conveniently seated. It is in the Presbytery of Dum-
barton, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 1039, and, in 1811, was 997. It is 4 m. E. S. E. from Drymen.
This Parish is 12 computed miles in length, and 2| miles in breadth, on the
average. The soil is various, but in many parts fertile : and few places in Scot-
land afford a greater diversity of the grand and picturesque scenes of nature,
grouped together in such pleasing varieties. It is watered by the Blane, and
Enrick, on the latter of which the village is situate. This Parish contains ma,py
ancient Family Seats, which, with their extensive policies and plantations, givQ
vol. II. U
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it a rich and ornamented appearance : among these are, TJie Place of Killearn,
the property of The Right Honourable James Montgomery, Lord Chief Baron
for Scotland : — Croy, of William Richardson, Esq., Professor of Humanity in
The University of Glasgow : — Ballikinrain, of Robert Dunmore, Esq. ; — BaU
qiihan, of Thomas Buchanan, Esq. : — and Carbeth, of John Buchanan, Esq. The
Woods produce great varieties of indigenous Plants. On the Estate of Balglass,
the property of Mr. Dunmore, is a large castellated Mansion, in which it is said
Sir William Wallace, of Elder she, the brave defender of his Country, found a
safe retreat, when the power of Edward the First over-run Scotland : Near this
are The Corries or Curries of Balglass ; these are semicircular excavations,
naturally hollowed out in the Western extremity of that ridge of hills, commonly
known by the name of Campsie and Strath Blane Fells : some of these Corries
are very spacious, being more than a mile in diameter ; and, in several places,
they beautifully exhibit the various mineral strata, of which the mountains are
composed. At a Place, called The Moss, George Buchanan, the celebrated
Poet, and Historian, was born in 1506 : this is a small Farm-house on the bank
of the water of Blane, and about two miles South- West from the Villaae of
Killearn, and is so called, because it is situate in the vicinity of a Peat Moss,
which is part of the Farm : This Farm was the property of George Buchanan's
father, and was for a long time possessed by the name of Buchanan. It is now
the property of Mr. William Finlay, o( Moss, and holds of the family of Drum,'
mikill, from whom the Ancestors of George were descended : Part of this hum-
ble dwelling has been re-built ; but Mr. Finlay is highly to be commended for
preserving, as much as possible, the ancient construction and appearance of this
far-famed and much honoured House : adjacent to the house are some old trees,
which are reported to have been planted by George, when a boy. In 1788,
the gentlemen of this Parish and neighbourhood, impressed with a laudable
ambition to contribute a testimony of respect to their learned Countryman,
erected, by voluntary subscription, a beautiful Monument to his Memory ; which
is a pleasing and patriotic evidence of what the Good and Great may alicays
expect. The Pot of Garfness, in the water ofEnrick, is a beautiful and romantic
spot, well known for its entertainment to the Angler ; and adjacent to the Mill,
are the remains of an old House, in which John Lord Napier, of Merchiston,
the celebrated inventor of the Logarithms, resided for some years, whilst he made
his calculations. The climate is wet and cold, but not unhealthy. Tiie Public
Roads are in good condition. The nearest coal is at the distance of 10 or 12
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miles ; but this scarcity is supplied by turf and peat, for obtaining which the
feuars and tenants have a servitude on the Moors. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, together with School-fees. Three or four Private Schools
have also been kept, for some time past, in different parts of the Parish. A few
superstitious Customs still prevail. The kippering of Salmon is successfully
practised here. At Blaressen Spout-head, a severe battle, according to tradi-
tion, was fought between the Romans and tlie Scots; and several stones, set on
edge, have continued ever since to distinguish the spot. This Parish and neigh-
bourhood were, for a long time, unhappily exposed to the plundering inroads
of large companies of migratory Free-booters, Avho, for safety, lurked on the
borders of the Highlands : this infamous practice prevailed so late as the year
1743, and perhaps later : Long before that time, however, some Gentlemen
near the Border of the Highlands undertook, for certain sums of money, to pro-
tect the property of their neighbours, or to make a full recompense for what was
stolen from them : the money paid for this protection was called The Black
Mail, and was paid agreeably to a bargain concluded upon by the two con-
tracting parties : One of the original contracts, dated in 1741, and which is a
literary curiosity, still remains in the possession of Mr. DunmorEj at Balli-
kinrain.
KILLEARNAN or KILL-IRENAN, in the Shire of Ross : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 9 chalders and 1 boll of bear, 3
chalders and 3 bolls of oat-meal, and £"98..9..8. Scotch in money, together
with a manse, and a glebe of 6 acres : Patron, The Hon. Mrs. Mackenzie : The
Church is in decent condition. It is in the Presbytery of Chanonry, and Synod
of Ross. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1131, and, in
1811, was 1390. It is Gf m. W. N. W. from Inverness. This Parish is about
5 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth, stretching along the Northern shore
of Loch Beauly. The soil is various, and in general favourable to cultivation ;
but agricultural improvements are in their infancy here. Fuel is expensive.
Cha'pel-Town,Q.n(i Spital,\\\e names o{ ivio villages in the Parish, seemingly
corroborate the confused tradilions of the existence of two Religious Houses at
some remote period. Here is a Parochial School ; and also one of the Society's
Schools, which is well attended. There are several cairns, and ttimuli, some of
which are of uncommon magnitude. This Parish is wholly the propertyof thetwo
residing Heritors, Mr. Grant, o^ Red- Castle , and Mr. Mackenzie, o{ Killcoy:
but these Manor Houses have evidently been built more for defence than
for elegance, or comfortable accommodation.^ Red- Castle, which was annexed
U2
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to the Crown, with the Lordship of Ross, in the year 1455, has the rights of a
Burgh of Barony, and of a free Port, and of holding weekly Markets, levying
tolls, and anchorage dues, together with all other Baronial privileges, not
expressly abrogated by the Jurisdiction Act in 1748 : It is now surrounded with
extensive and flourishing plantations. The lands of Wester Kessock are
annexed, quoad sacra, to Killearnan.
KILLERNY, CASTLE, v. SALINE.
KILL-FINAN, in the District of Cowal, and Shire of Argyle : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 5 chalders of oat-meal, Dutch
weight, 8 stone to the boll, one chalder of barley, Linlithgow measure, and
£'27..15..8|. Sterling in money: the manse was built in 1746: the glebe con-
sists of 3a. 2r. 12p. , together with a servitude of grass for two cows, and a horse,
upon the Farm of Kill-Finan : Patron, Mr. Laraont, of Laniont: The Church is
small, and in bad condition. It is in the Presbytery of Dunoon, and Synod of
Arg-yle. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1432, and, in
1811, was 1382. It is 30 m. S. S. E. from Inverary. This Parish is about 15
miles in length, and from 3 to 6 miles in breadth, being bounded on the West
and North- West by Loch Fyne, and on the South by an arm of the sea, about
17 miles over, which separates it from the Isle of Arran. It is divided into two
unequal parts, by a small water that runs past the Church into Loch-Fyne : —
the Southern Division, called Kerrijf or Kerry, is by far the most extensive, the
Church standing upon it ; the whole Parish often goes by the name of the Par-
ish of The Kerry, and is fully as well known in the neighbourhood by that name,
as by its real one, but it is never written so : — Tiie Northern Division is called
Otter, from a sand bank about 1800 yards long, which juts out into Loch Fyne,
in a serpentine form, near the Scat of Mr. Campbell, of Otter, proprietor of the
whole Division, except one Farm. The surface is rugged ; and the soil is thin,
and poorly cultivated. The climate is changeable, and the rains often fall in
torrents in the months of August and September, and do great injury to the
crops. Fuel is expensive. The fisheries are prosecuted Avith success. The
roads are bad. There are no real harbours upon this coast ; though there is
safe anchorage for vessels of almost any burden in The Kyles of Bute, a narrow
Sound which divides this Parish from that I.sland. There are three Ferries ;
one of tiiem at Otter, across Loch Fyne, to the Parish of Kill-Michael, in the dis-
trict of Argyle, which is very much frequented: — another on the line of road
from Rothesay to Tarbert ; — and llie third, from Bute to this Parish, across The
Kyles. The Salary of the Parochial School, which is taught at the Church, is
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£4..G..3., together with £4.. 15.. Gf., being the Interest of a raortificalion for the
benefit of the School, partly by a Mr. Lamont, in 1737, and partly b\ a Lady
who.se name is unknown. Game is in plenty. Upon a rocky point, on the coast
oi Loch Fyne, about a mile below the Church, are the vestiges of a building
called Caisteal 3Ihic Eobhvin, i. c. Macetvens Castle: this Macewen was the
Chief of a Clan, and proprietor of the district of Otter; and many of the Clan
still reside upon the estatt;. The principal Heritor is Mr. Lamont, o{ Lamont,
whose ancestors have long possessed property in the Shire of Argyle ; and who
formerly resided in the Parish of Dunoon, until the reign of Charles the
First, when the then proprietor, Sir James Lamont, o( Lamont, supporting
the cause of that unhappy Monarch, his family seat, the Castle of Towart,
was taken and destroyed by The Marquis of Argyle. There are also the ruins
of an old Castle, called Asgog: which was, at the above period, in the
possession of a Cadet of that family, who, taking the same side with his Chief,
had his Castle also demolished, by order of The Manjuis. The taking and de-
stroying of these Castles, composed part of tiie indictment, upon which The
Marquis was tried and convicted, as appears by the Slate Trials. The present
family seat of Lamont, o{ Lamont, is at Aird-Lamont, a beautiful, rich, low-
lying farm, consisting of some hundreds of acres, in the Southern extremity of
the Parish; ^^'hich ccmmands an extensive view of the Firth oi Clyde, the coast
of Airshire, the island of Arran, and the coasts of Kintyre andlvnapdale.
KILLFINICHEN, in The Isle of Mull, and Shire of Argyle: formerly a
Vicarage, with the Parish of Killviceuen united ; the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was £'150. : no manse : the glebe consists of 70 acres, including moss ; Patron,
The Duke of Argle : There are four places of Worship in the Parish, one in each
district, but there has been no Church in any of them since the Reformation,
except in Ross, which is ruinous, and Divine service is performed at the others,
at the side of a hill. It is in the Presbytery of Mull, and Synod of Argyle. The
Resident Population of the United Parishes, in 1791, (comprehending the Dis-
tricts of Killfinichan in Airdmeanach, Killviceuen in Ross, Brolass, and the
Island of I-Colm-Ki!l) was 3002, and, in 1811, was 3205. It is 15 m. S. S.W.
from Aros. The several Parishes into which the Isle of Mull was divided in the
time of Popery, were all united at the Reformation, and called The Parish of
Midi: it was then a part of the Presbytery of Lorn. About the time of the Re-
volution, all that part of Mull, North of the Isthmus of Aros, was erected into a
Parish, called the Parish of Kill-Ninian. The rest of the Isle of Muil contiimed
to be one Parish for upwards of 40 years after this period, and was called The
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Parish o(Ross. But being too extensive a charge, a new Parish was erected, called
the Parish of Torosay. What remained Avas in writings, called the Parish of Kill-
finichen and Killviceuen, from two places of Worship, the one in Airdmeanach,
called Killfinichen, and the other in Ross, called Killviceuen ; But in the coun-
try, it is only known by the name of Tlie Parish of Ross, from a large district of
it so called. This very extensive Parish is situate in the South-Westpartof the
Island ; its greatest length being 22 miles in a straight line, exclusive of the
Island of I-Colm-Kill ; and its greatest breadth, about 12 measured miles. The
Districts of I-Colm-Kill, Ross, and Brolass, lie to the South oi Loch Scredan,
an arm of the sea that runs 12 miles from West to East into the Parish, the
whole of which may be called a Road, but the best anchoring ground is at Kill-
finichen, and another place at the head of the Loch, called The Narrows, where
vessels may ride in safety from all storms. The District of Airdmeanach lies
to the North of Loch Scredan, and parallel to Ross, and Brolass ; and is about
12 measured miles in length, and from 3 to 6 measured miles in breadth. The
Districts of Ross, and Brolass, are nearly of equal extent, and are separated
from each other by a ridge of hills, of no great height ; they stretch in a line from
the Sound of I, to the Parish of Torosay, about 22 measured miles, and are from
3 to 6 measured miles in breadth. The general appearance is mountainous and
barren, and is principally appropriated to pasturage. The climate is temperate,
but very rainy. The coast is bold, and rocky, indented with several creeks, but
few of them afford safe anchorage, except the creeks of Barachan, and Poll-
tairve or the Bull Pond, and Loch Lahich. Fish of various kinds ai'e in great
abundance. A considerable quantity of kelp is annually made here. In many
parts of the Parish there are basaltic pillars, like those of Staffa, but not so lai-ge,
so regular, nor so elegant. Marble, granite, free-stone, and lime-stone, of excel-
lent quality, are in great plenty ; and there are appearances of coal in several
parts, but they are not worked. The Duke of Argyle is the principal Heritor,
and is highly and justly beloved by his numerous tenantry, for his unbounded
humanity and benevolence. The Salary of the Parochial School, which is sta-
tioned in Ross near the Church, is 300 merks, together with a rood of land.
Though the inhabitants are by no means superstitious, they still retain an opi-
nion, handed down by their ancestors, that the Spirit of the last person who was
buried, watches round the Church-yard until another is interred, to which the
charge is delivered. There are several remarkable Caves, one of which was
explored by Dr. Johnson, but he has not mentioned its name. See, 3Iull, Isle.
KILLGOUR, V. FALKLAND.
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KrLLHEAD, v. CUMMERTREES.
KIEL-HILL, in the Shiro of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Kirric-Muir : Tlie
Chapel is demolished. It is 3 m. E. from Kirrie-Mnir. From its name, Kill-
Hill, i. e. The Holy or Consecrated Hill, it is probaljle that this was the most
ancient place of Christian Worship in the Parish, and was the residence of The
Ctddees.
KILLICRANKIE, v. MOULIN.
KILLIGRAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inver-
ness : it constitutes part of the Parish of Harris. This Island is about 2 miles
long, and one mile broad : the .South end is a deep moss, and for the most part
uncultivated : the North end is a sandy soil, but under excellent culture.
KILLIN, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which,
in 1811, was £55.. 11.. U., Sterling, together with £"35. 18.. 8. Sterling, gratuit-
ously given by the Heritors, and £6. Sterling by the Patron, for Communion
elements : the manse, and offices, are in good repair : the glebe consists of more
than the legal extent : Patron, The Earl of Breadalbanc : The Church was built
in 1744. It is in the Presbytery of Dunkeld, and Synod of Perth and Stirling.
The Resident Population of this Parish in 1801, (including thcVillage of Clifton)
was 2048, and, in 1811, was 2160. It is 72 m. N. W. from Edinburgh. A
General Post-Office is established here. The Fairs arc holden on the 12th of
May, the first Wednesday in August, the 27th of October, and the first Tuesday,
O. S., in November. This Village is pleasantly situate near the confluence of
the rivers Lochy and Dochart, where they fall into Loch Tay. Here the family
of Breadalbane hold their Baron Baillie Courts. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, paid by the Heritors, together with School-fees, and per-
quisites. Besides which, there are three other Schoolmasters in the Parish, who
teach only English and Gaelic, with writing and arithmetic ; and three School-
mistresses, for sewing, and knitting of stockings : One of these School-masters
has a Salary of £14. Sterling from the Society for Propagating Christian Know-
ledge ; and each of the other two, have £8. Sterling from the Society, and £5.
from The Earl of Breadalbane : And the School-mistresses have each of them
£5. Sterling from the Society annually. The Parish of Killin is situate in the
District of Breadalbane, being about 28 miles in length, and, in most places,
from 6 to 8 miles in breadth ; comprehending Glen Dochart, and Strath- Fil Ian,
and part of Glen Falloch, and Glen Lochay. The surface is mountainous ; and
the soil of the greater part of the Parish, is light and dry, but abundantly fertile
when the season is favourable. The lakes, and rivers, are well stocked with
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salmon, and trout. Game, of various kinds, are in plenty. The climate is moist,
and cold, but not unhealthy. The Earl of Breadalbane is the principal Pro-
prietor ; and all the lands are holden of the Crown. Fuel is scarce. The great
Military Road, from Stirling to Fort William, passes through a part of the
Parish ; and it is otherwise well supplied with good roads, and bridaeo. Lime-
stone is abundant. The Gaelic language is generally spoken herci On the
small plain of Dalrie, a battle was fought in 1306, between Robert Bruce, and
the forces of the Shire of Argyle, under Macdougal, Chieftain of Lorn, in
which the former was defeated. See Kenmore, and Rannoch.
KILLKERRAN, or CIARAN, v. CAMPBELL-TOWN.
KILLKERRAN, v. DAILLY.
KILLKIVAN, or KILL-CAOMHGHIN, v. CAMPBELL-TOWN.
KILL-LEITH, v. CURRIE.
KILL-MACHLIE, v. INVER-AVON.
KILLMADOCK, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £150. in money: the manse, and offices, are in excellent
repair: the glebe consists of 6 acres of rich land: Patron, Lady Perth : The
Church, which is situate in Doune, was re-built about the year 1756 : but,
although the Church is removed from Killmadock, many of the ancient families
still continue to bury in the Church-yard there ; where are also the manse, and
glebe. It is in the Presbytery of Dunblane, and Synod of Perth and Stirling.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages of
Buchany, and The Burn of Cambus, and The Town of Doune) was 3044, and,
in 1811, was 3131. It is 1| m. W. N. W. from Doune. The extent of this
Parish is about 64 square miles, or 40,960 acres, comprehending a considerable
portion of the ancient Htewartry of Monteith. The surface is beautifully diversi-
fied ; and the soil exhibits all varieties, from the richest carse clay, to the poorest
muir. The principal rivers are the Forth, and Teith, which abound with salmon,
and trout. Game, of all kinds, are in great plenty. The great roads from Edin-
burgh to Fort William, and from Glasgow to Perth, pass through this Parish,
crossing each other at the Town of Doune. The climate is extremely healthful.
The Earl of Moray is Proprietor of about one-third of the whole Parish. Fuel
is expensive. The whole Parish is subject to the " grievous bondage of
thirlage." The ancient Monastery of St. Madocus occupied the site of the old
Church; and to which six Chapels in this Parish, all now in ruins, formerly
belonged. See, Doune.
KILL-MAGLASS, v. STRACIIUR.
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KILLMAHEW, v. CARDROSS.
KILLMAHOG, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Lency. It is
1 m. W. from Callander. This Village is beautifully situate on a plain belovr
the Proprietor's mansion.
KILL-MALCOLM, in the Shire of Renfrew: formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 3 chalders of meal, and £63..17..9| in money,
and a glebe: the manse is in tolerable repair: Patron, Mac ivcr, of PorA/c<';
The Church was built about the year 1560. It is in the Presbytery of Paisley,
and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, was 1130, and, in 1811, was 1474. It is 4 m. S. E. from New Port-
Glasgow. This Parish is about 6 miles square, being watered by the river*
Gryfe, and Diichal, and bounded on the North by the Clyde. The surface is
rocky ; and the soil is shallow, except on the banks of the rivers where it is toler-
ably productive. The climate is rainy. The Salary of the Parochial School is
300 merks, together with School fees and perquisites, and a rood of land. The
Bridges are in good repair, but the Roads are indifferent. The Castle o( Duchal,
the ancient seat of the family of Porterfield, is now in ruins. The four silver
Communion cups (originally used for the purpose of Candlesticks) were kept
with great care by the family of Glencairn, at Finlayston, and are holden in
great veneration by the people ; having been used by the celebrated John Knox,
when he first dispensed the Sacrament in Scotland.
KILL-MA-LEMNOC, v. ANDREW'S, ST.
KILL-MALIE, partly in the Shire of Inverness, and partly in the Shire of
Argyle : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £115.. 11. .1^:.,
including £'8. .6.. 8. for Communion elements, and £42..15..6| by Parliament-
ary augmentation : there is no manse, but the Heritors allow in lieu thereof,
and for deficiency of glebe, £11.. 13.. 4. : Patron, The Duke of Argyle : an excel-
lent Parish Church was built, in 1783. It is in the Presbytery of Aber-Tarf,
and Synod of Glenelg. Besides the established Minister, there is a Missionary,
appointed by the Committee for managing His Majesty's Royal bounty, who
resides at Fort William; and another, who officiates in the Parish once a month.
The Resident Population of this Parish was,
VOL 11.
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In 1801. Ill 1811.
For that part, which is in the Shire of Inverness, com-
prising the Garrison of Fort William, and the Vil-
lage of Maryburgh, 3241. 2045.
For that part, which is in the Shire of Argyle, - 1279. 2600.
4520. 4645.
It is 3 m. N.W. from Fort William. This extensive Parish is of an irregular
form, and is intersected by three arms of the sea: it is about 60 miles in length,
and 30 miles in breadth : the greater part of it consisting of high mountains and
hills, covered with heath, and affording excellent pasture for numerous flocks of
sheep : the principal Mountain, Ben Nevis, being elevated 4370 feet above the
level of the sea. In the vallies, upon the banks of the rivers Lochy and Nevis,
and in several other places, there is a good deal of arable ground, of different
qualities : bat. in general, the soil is sandy, and shallow. On the coast, which
extends nearly 70 miles, the soil is fertile, and early. The Climate is moist,
but not unwholesome. The Herring fishery is prosecuted here with great suc-
cess. Loch Archaig, which is 16 miles long, and one broad, is the only fresh
water Lake of any consequence in the Parish : from it issues the River Archaig,
which, after running about a mile, discharges itself into Loch Lochy: the rivers,
and lakes, abound with salmon. Game, and aquatic birds of all kinds, are plen-
tiful. There is no coal in the Parish : there are several veins of lead ore,
and one in particular on the West side of Ben Nevis: lime-stone is abundant:
and there are also quarries of beautifully variegated marble. On the borders of
Loch Eil, at the village of Ballachitlish, partly in this Parish, and partly in the
District of Appin, is an excellent Slate quarry. There are several extensive
Caves ; one of which, in 1746, afforded a safe retreat to some Highlanders, who
had been engaged in the Rebellion. Just opposite to this Cave, is a beautiful
Cascade, on a small rivulet, which, falling down the side of Ben Nevis, forms
an uninterrupted torrent for half a mile, before it joins its waters to the river
Nevis in the vale below. There are at present about 14,000 acres of Wood. The
Gaelic is the principal language sj)oken here. The Proprietors in the Parish,
and the Superiors of whom they hold their lands, are.
Proprietors. Superiors.
Mr. CAMTiRON, of Loch Eil, - The Dukes of Argyle, and Gordon.
Mr. Maclean, of Ardgour, - - The Duke of Argyle, and Tlie Crown.
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Proprietors. Superiors.
The Duke of Gordon, - - The Crown,
Mr. Cameron, of Glen Nevis, - The Duke of Gordon.
Mr. Cameron, of Fa ssf em, - - The Dukes of Gordon, anrf Argyle.
Mr. Cameron, of Kinloch-Leven, - The Duke of Gordon.
There are 93 farms in the Parish, the average extent of each being 6^ square
miles, and the annual rent about £'50. Sterling: of these farms, 54 belong to
Loch Eil, and 18 to Ardgoiir. On the banks of the river Lochy, are the re-
mains of an ancient Castle, which, tradition says, was built at the same time with
the Castle of Inverness : this would seem to have belonged to Bancho, Tliane of
LocHABER, and ancestor of the Royal House of Stewart, who had his Castle in
this neighbourhood ; and, a little below the site of Tor Castle, there is a beauti-
ful walk, about a quarter of a mile long, that still retains his name. On the side
of the glen, opposite to the South-West part of Ben Nevis, lie scattered in ruins,
the last vestiges of Dundhairdghall, an ancient vitrijied Fort : its figure is nearly
oval, and occupies the summit of a green hill, about 1200 feet in height. The
Parish, in general, is well provided with excellent Peats, which are the chief
fuel that is used. The prevailing name is Cameron ; many of whom have
greatly distinguished themselves for their eminent learning, probity, and enter-
prise. Near the Eastern extremity of Loch Arkegg, was Auchnacarie, once the
seat of Cameron, of Loch Eil, Chief of the Clan Cameron, but burnt in 1746.
He was, according to Mr. Pennant, esteemed by all parties the honestest and
most sensible man of any that embarked in the pernicious and absurd attempt of
that and the preceding year, and was a melancholy instance of a fine understand-
ing and a well-intending heart, over-powered by the unhappy prejudices of edu-
cation. By his influence he prevented the Rebels from committing several
excesses, and even saved the City of Glasgow from being plundered, when their
army returned out of England, irritated with their disappointment, and enraged
at the loyalty which that City had shewn. The Pretender came to him as soon as
he landed. Loch Eil seeing him arrive in so wild a manner, and so unsupported,
entreated him to desist from an enterprise from which nothing but certain ruin
could result to him and his partizans. The Adventurer grew warm, and re-
proached Loch Eil with a breach of promise. This affected him so deeply, that
he instantly went and took a tender and moving leave of his lady and family,
imagining he was on the point of parting with them for ever. He was wounded
at the battle of Culloden, and died in France, Colonel of a regiment, in 1748.
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which The Pretender had procured for him, as a small reward and compensation
for his great services and misfortunes. These extensive estates are now the
property of his worthy descendant Colonel Donald Cameron, of Loch Eil. Mr.
John Innes, author of the " Treatise on the Muscles," and " Anatomical Tables
of the Human Body," was a native of this Parish. There are eight stated Fer-
ries ; five of which are on the salt water. The Government Roads, and Bridges,
are in good repair ; and here the Eastern extremity of the great Loch-na~ Gaul
road terminates. Besides the Parochial School, which is situate at Fort Wil-
liam, there are five other Schools, on the establishment of the Society for propa-
gating Christian Kno\tledge; to one of these, they grant a Salary of £22., and
to the rest £12. each. There is also a Catechist, employed between this Parish
and that of Kill-Mauivaig, with a Salary of £12. Sterling.
KILL-Mx\NIVAIG, in the Shire of Inverness : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £1000. Scotch ; there is neither manse, nor
glebe ; but an allowance is made for them by the Heritors of £20. Sterling
annually: Patron, The Duke of Gordon : The Church is in tolerable repair. It
is in the Presbytery of Aber-Tarf, and Synod of Glenelg. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, was 2541, and, in 1811, was 2407. It is 10 m.
N. N. E. from Fort William. This Parish is about 60 miles in length, and about
20 miles at its greatest breadth : its surface is much diversified by ranges of
lofty mountains, intersected by extensive glens in different directions, and rapid
rivers, most of which empty themselves into the river Lochy, the common
reservoir, that runs into Loch Eil, a branch of the Atlantic Ocean, at Fort Wil-
liam. The Climate is extremely rainy, though not unhealthy ; but the wetness
is an invincible bar to the raising of corn, sufficient for the subsistence of the
Inhabitants. Owing to the irregular surface, and vast extent of this Parish, the
soil is extremely various, but chiefly partakes of a light sandy nature, and some-
times of a black loam. The number of Sheep is computed to be 60,000, and
that of black cattle 1500. Civilization, and Industry, are making daily progress
here. The Gaelic is the tjeneral lang-uase. There are two Missionaries who
are partly connected with this Parish, and two Roman Catholic clergymen. The
Salary of the Parochial School is 300 mcrks, together with School-fees, and per-
quisites. There are also two Society Schools : but two other Schools at least, of
the same description, are necessary. In this District is the ruin of the ancient
Castle of Inver Lochy, the only remnant of the once thriving Burgh of that name,
and which some of the old Scotch Historians call, llie Emporium of the West
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of Scotland. By whom this Castle was built, is unknown : but, from the name
of the Western Tower, it is probable liiat it was occupied by the Cummings, in
the time of Edward the First of England, when they were most powerful : and,
previous to that lime, by the Thanes of Lochaber, among others by the noted
Banciio, predecessor of the Royal House of Stewart. There is a tradition, that
this Castle was once a Royal Residence, and that the famous league between
Charles The Great of France, and Achaius King of the Scots, was signed
here, about the end of the Eighth Century. But the most remarkable antiquity,
which this Parish can boast, is the famous Parallel Roads, which, if really
artificial, are, one of the most stupendous monuments df human industry. They
are to be seen in the Eastern part of this Parish, on the declivities of steep and
lofty mountains, which extend for seven or eight miles on "each side of the water
of Roy, in the direction of South-West and North-East, and the opening between
which forms the Valley, that goes by the name of Glen-Roy. There were
originally three lines of these Roads on each side of the glen, each corresponding
in height to the one opposite to it ; the lowermost, however, is in some parts,
effaced, particularly on the South side. They all run parallel to each other, and
in an horizontal direction, accommodating themselves to the windings of the
Mountains. Their dimensions are various ; in genei-al, they are from 60 to 70
feet in breadth ; and the distance between two of them has bec^n found to be 180
feet. Similar Roads are likewise to be seen in two of the adjacent glens, but not
in such perfection. There is nothing left upon record respecting the time when,
the persons by whom, or the purposes for which, these roads were constructed.
It is said, that they were made l)y the Kings of Scotland, when the Royal Resi-
dence was in the Castle of Inver-Lochy, which is not above 11 miles distant
from the nearest of them : According to another tradition, which is that of the
Natives, they were made by the Heroes oi Fingal ; and, under the name of
Casan, or The Roads, they are still known in this country. But it is much more
likely, that these roads, which are all absolutely level, are the stones of an ancient
Lake, which, by some extraordinary convulsion, has been converted into dry
land. At High-Bridge, is a fine bridge of three arches over the rapid torrent
Spe.an, which was built by General Wade ; it is situate upon the great Military
road, between Fort William and Fort George,
KILLMANY, in the District of Cupar, and Shire of Fife : formerly a Vicar-
age, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 12 chalders of victual : the manse wag
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re-built in 1810: the g^lebe consists of 9 acres : Patron, The United College of
St. Andrew's, which is also Titular of the Tythes : The Church was re-built
about the year 1768. It is in the Presbytery of Cupar, and Synod of Fife. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 787, and, in 1811, was 781, It
is 5 m. N. from Cupar of Fife. This Parish is situate in a beautiful Valley,
watered by the river Motray, and contains 3963 Scotch acres ; of which, 3216
are arable, and in a high state of cultivation. Several plantations have lately been
made here, and are in a flourishing condition. Fuel is expensive. The principal
Family Seats are Rathillet, Loch Malony, and Mount Whanna.
KILLMARNOCK, in the District of Cuninghame, and Shire of Ayr : a
Collegiate Church, with a handsome Chapel erected in 1731: the Stipend of
the First Minister, in 1811, being 8 chalders, Avanting one boll, which are
wholly paid in meal, together with a glebe of 12 acres : the Stipend of the Second
Minister was £9..13..7|: in money, a yearly annuity payable by the Town, being
the proceeds of a Subscription, £26.. 13,. 4., 79 bolls 1 firlot 3^V lippies of meal,
£4..3..4. for Commuuion elements, and £33.. 8. .10. by Parliamentary augmen-
tation, and a glebe of 4| acres : Patron, of both Benefices, The Duchess of Port-
land : The Church is in decent repair. It is in the Presbytery of Irvine, and
Synod of Glasgow and Ayr, The Resident Population of this Town, and Parish,
in 1801, was 8079, and, in 1811, was 10,148. It is 65 m. S W. b. W. from
Edinburgh. The Market is well supplied. The Fairs are holden on Fasten' s
Eve in February, the First Tuesday, O. S., in May, the third Wednesday, O. S.,
in July, and the third Wednesday, O. S., in October. It is an irregularly built
Town, situate in a Valley, on each side of a rivulet, which is a tributary stream
to the Irvine. It is a Burgh of Barony, governed by 2 Baillies, a Council of 12
of the Merchants, and the Deacons of the 5 Incorporated Trades. The first
Charter in its favour,was granted to Thomas, Lord Boyd, in 1591 ; which was
renewed and amplified in favour of William, Earl of Killmarnock, in 1672, and
ratified by Act of Parliament the same year. In 1700, the Magistrates and Town
Council obtained a grant from the Killmarnock family, of the whole common
good, and customs of the Burgh ; and it is in virtue of this grant, that the Cor-
poration holds its present property, and is considered as an heritor in the Parish.
Upon the attainder of The Earl of Killmarnock in 1745, the Superiority of tl«;
Burgh became vested in the Crown. A considerable trade is carried on here in
the manufacture of carpets, serges, and other woollen cloths, and in sadlery,
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shoes, and leather. The Salary of the Grammar School is 300 merks, toorether
with School-fees, and a volnntarv offering at Cliristmas : The Salary of the
English School is £10., together with School-fees : bothofthese Schools are ably
conducted, and are in a flourishing condition. A General Post-Office is estab-
lished here. The Parish of Killmarnock contains about 5900 Scotch acres. The
soil is deep, strong, and fertile, inclining a little to moss, on the Northern border ;
and the greater part is inclosed, and highly cultivated. The climate is moist and
damp, but not unhealthy. Coals, of an excellent quality, are in the greatest
abundance. The Public roads are in good repair. The greater part of the
Parish is the property of Miss Scott, now The Duchess of Portland. Colonel
Crawfurd is the only considerable resident Proprietor, at his beautiful Seat of
Crauifurdland : and, it is a singular circumstance, in regard to the Cratifurd-
land family, that its present respectable Representative, is the Twenty-first
lineally descended from the original stock, without the intervention of even a
second brother. The Countess of Loudon (now married to Francis Earl of
Moira), another Proprietor, represents the Ancient and Illustrious family of the
MuiRS, of Rowallen, from whom the greater part of the Sovereigns of Europe
are descended ; Robert the Third, King of Scotland, being the son of Robert
the Second by Elizabeth Muir, daughter of Sir Adam Muir, of Ron-alien.
About half a mile Nortli-East from the town, is Dean Castle, a very ancient
edifice, and formerly the residence of the noble and unfortunate family of
Killmarnock : in 1735, it was accidentally destroyed by fire, and still remains
in the same desolate condition ; Mr. Grose has preserved a view of it. In
an area of the Town, stands a stone Pillar of elegant workmanship, erected in
memory of Lord Soules, an English Nobleman, who was killed on the spot, in
1444, by an arrow from one of the family of Boyd.
KILL-MARONOCK, in the Shire of Dumbarton : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 6 chalders of meal, one chalder of bear, and
£40.. 5. .0. Sterling in money, including the allowance for Communion elements :
the manse was built in 1751 : the glebe consists of more than the legal extent:
Patron, Campbell, of Stonefield : The Church is ancient, and is dedicated to
St. Maronoch or Marnoch. It is in the Presbytery of Dumbarton, and Synod of
Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 879,
and, in 1811, was 898. It is beautifully situate on the Southern bank of the
river Enrick, at the distance of a mile W. b. S. from Drymen. This Parish is
about 5 miles in length, and from 2 to 4 miles in breadth. On the banks of the
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river, the soil is a deep rich loam, very favourable for pasturage or tillage; oh
the rising grounds above the plain, it is in general a cold wet till ; and, towards
the moors, it degenerates into a moss. There are three corn-mills, to which the
greatest part of the lands are thirled. The Salary of the Parochial Scliool is 300
merks, together with School-fees. Peats are the common fuel ; but coals are
used by some families, which are brought from Kill-Patrick, at the distance of
12 or 14 miles. The Roads are in excellent repair. There are several woods,
the value of which has considerably increased of late years ; and in those on the
banks of Loch Lomond, belonging to Miss Buchanan, o^ DrumkUl, and John
Buchanan, Esq., ofArdoch, woodcocks abound in the beginning of winter. At
Catter, now the property of The Duke of Montrose, is a large artificial Mound
of earth, where, in ancient times, the Baronial Courts were holden ; near to
Avhich The Dukes of Lennox had a residence, but there is not now the smallest
vestige of the building. The Castle o^ Kill-Maronock, the property of Robert
Macgoune, Esq., o^ Mains ; and the Castle of BaUurret, the property of George
Haldane, Esq., o( Gleneagles, both in ruins, appear to have been formerly very
magnificent edifices. So late as the year 1745, the tax, called Black mail, was
paid for protection against the depredations of certain freebooters, who infested
the neighbourhood. Near the confluence of the river Leven withLocA Lomond,
is the Village of Balloch, where a large Fair for horses is holden annually on
the 15th of September. There is a Ferry over the Leven to Bonhil.
KILL-MARTIN, in the District, and Shire of Argvle : formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse was built in 1789, and is
a tolerably commodious house : the glebe is supposed to be legal as to extent,
with 4 soimis grass, in common with the cattle of the Farm : Patron, The Duke
of Argyle: The Church was built in 1601. It is in the Presbytery oflnverary,
and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
1501, and, in 1811, was 1453. It is 7^ m. N. N. W. from Loch-Gilp-Head.
This Parish is about 12 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth. In the South-
West district, the soil is rather light, and fertile : towards the North-East, the
soil is deeper, but from its cold and elevated situation, the crops are very uncer-
tain. The valley, from the Church to LochAice. is one of the most beautiful in
the Highlands ; and through it, is the great line of road from Cantyre to Fort
William, on which this Village is a stage, with a commodious Inn. Three large
Markets are annually holden here, viz., one for black cattle, and two for horses
The climate is rainy, but not unhealthy. The Salary of the Parochial School
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is 300 nicrks, together with School-fees, and perquifiiles ; and the Society for
propagating Christian Knowledge, have also a School here, with a Salary of £*9.
Loch Aice, the only considerable Lake in the Parish, is computed to be 24 miles
in length, and abounds with salmon, and trout of a great size. Fuel is scarce.
Game, of various kinds, are in plenty. The extent of coast is about 8 miles,
and is formed by an arm of the sea, called Loch Craignish : the shore is, for the
most part, high and rocky, except the Bay of Crinan, and the end of Loch Craig-
nish, which are fine flat sands. In the excellent Harbour of Loch Crinan, which
is not only the principal one in this Parish, but is considered as the best upon a
great tract of the Western coast, almost the whole of the Buss Herring fleet
anchor, in their voyages to and from the fishing ground : and on a survey made
by Mr, Rennie, an eminent engineer, it having been found practicable to make a
navigable canal for large vessels, from Loch Crinan to Loch Gilp, a distance
only of 5 miles ; a subscription was accordingly set on foot, and the plan being
happily completed, a communication is opened between Loch Fine and the
Atlantic, which thereby avoids the long and very dangerous voyage round T7ie
Midi of Cantyre, and promises the greatest advantages to this part of the
kingdom. Poltalloch, pleasantly situate on the Eastern shore of the Bay of
Craignish, is the residence of Neill Malcolm, Esq., whose active and patriotio
exertions are truly exemplary. It is now under the consideration of The Par-
liamentary Commissioners to make a road Westward from Inverary, across the
middle of Loch Aice, at the Ferry of Portansherry , to Loch Feochan, on the
Atlantic Ocean, a distance of twenty miles ; and which will doubtless be of
great benefit to the adjacent district.
KILLMAURS, in the District of Cuninghame, and Shire of Ayr : formerly a
Collegiate Church, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse is in
tolerable repair : the glebe consists of more than the legal extent : Patrons,
Lord and Lady M. Montgomery : The Church is in decent condition. It is in.
the Presbytery of Irvine, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 1288, and, in 1811, was 1432. It
is 2 m. N. from Killmarnock. It is pleasantly situate on a gentle ascent, and
was erected into a Burgh of Barony by James the Fifth, at the instance of
Cuthbert, Earl ofGLENCAUiN, who formerly had extensive possessions here.
It is governed by two Baillies, vi'ho are annually elected by the majority of Por-
fioners. It formerly had a considerable trade in cutlery, and " as sharp as a Killr
maws whittle," is still proverbial. This Parish is about 6 miles in length, and
3 miles in breadth. The soil is in many parts a deep clay, and in others a rich
VOL. II. Y
K IL
loam, highly fertile ; and the whole is arable, and well inclosed. The climate is
rainy. The roads are in good repair. The House of Craig, the residence of
Mr. MoRRicE, is delightfully situate on the l)anks of the Irvine. On the banks
of the Carmel, is The Mote or Carrnel Bank, the charming Seat of Mr. John
CuNiNGHAME, wliose bcncvolence and patriotic exertions are most exemplary.
Busby Castle, now in ruins, was long the property of a family of Barclays ; but
now, with the adjacent lands, belongs by purchase to The Duchess of Portland.
The Kirk of Killmaurs was made Collegiate by Sir William Cuninghame, on
the 13th of May 1403, and endowed by him with certain lands, for the support
of a Provost, eight Prebendaries, and two Singing Boys : it is difficult to deter-
mine where these lands were situate, though it is probable, that part of them
are now the property of Mr. Watson ; as the ancient Tower, probably the resi-
dence of the Religious, is only separated from the Church by a garden, and the
contiguous lands, consisting of nearly 80 acres, pay no Teind either to the
Titular or Minister. Killmaurs gives the title of Baron to the dormant Earldom
of Glencairn.
KILLMAUX, V. SCOONIE.
KILLMAYEONOG, i. e. The Chnrch of St. Eonog, in the Shire of Perth:
an ancient Parish, now comprehended in the Parish of Blair- Athol.
IULLMELFORT, or KILL-NA-MAOL-PHORT, i. e The Church of the
round Bays, in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Argyle : formerly a Vicarage,
nqw united to the Parish of Killninver : Patron, The Earl of Breadalbane :
The Church is in good repair. It is 12 m. S. from Oban. It is situate at
the head oi Loch Melfort, a beautiful and safe roadsted, and which aboimds with
a variety of fish. An excellent line of road has been made through the glebe to
the Inn o? Kintraio, a distance of 8^ miles, under the auspices of The Parlia-
mentary Commissioners: and which completes the great and useful line of
road from Loch-Gilp-Head, by the West end of the Crinan Canal, to Oban ;
and from thence branching off to the Northward by the Ferries of Connel, Shean,
and Ballahulish, to Fort William, The Resident Population of this Parish, in
181 1, was 372. See, Killninver.
KILLMENIE, in the Island of Islay, and Shire of Argyle: an ancient Parish,
now united to the Parish of Kill-Arrow : The Church of Kiilnienie is 7 miles
distant from Kill-Arrow. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
1543, and, in 1811, was 1679. It is 4 m. S. S. W. from Port Askaig. See,
Kill- Arrow.
KlLL-MlCHAEL, v. CAMPBELL-TOWN
K I L
KILL-MICHAEL, in the Ts1e of Arran, and Shire of Butk : in the Parish of
Kill-Bride. The Chapel is in ruins. This is the neat, and well cultivated
estate of Captain Fullarton, descended from the Mac-Louis, originally a French
family, but settled in this Island upwards of Seven hundred years. Rorert
Bruce, out of gratitude for the protection which he received from this Gentle-
man's ancestor, having given him the lands of Kill-Michael and Aryichonyne :
and about a mile from hence js a retreat of the ancient inhabitants, called Torr-
an-Schian Castle, surrounded with a great stone' dike, where Robert Brucb
sheltered himself for some time, under the protection of Mac-Louis.
KILL-MODAN, ancienthj GLENDUISK, and GLENDARUAIL, in the
District ofCowal, and Shire of Argyle : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse was built in 1773: the glebe consists of
10 acres : Patron, The Crown : The Church Avas l)uilt in 1783. It is in the
Presbytery of Dunoon, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 502, and, in 1811, was 622. It is 16 m. N. N. W. from
Rothesay. This Parish is about 12 miles in length, and the inhabited part is
nearly half a mile in breadth, being a long narrow Glen, watered by the river
Ruail. The soil is deep and fertile : the extent of the sea-coast is about three
miles : the shore is flat and sandy, with a very shallow Bay at the mouth of the
Ruail, which discharges itself into Loch Ridan. The climate is moist. Fuel ii?
expensive. Linic-stone, and pipe-clay, are in great abundance. The Gaelic
is the prevailing language. The celebrated Mathematician, Mr. Colin Mac-
LAURiN, late Professor of Mathematics in The University of Edinburgh ; and
Mr. John Maclaurin, an eminent Divine, were born at the manse of this Parish,
of which their father was Minister. The vale of Glendaruail owea much of its
beauty to the three principal Heritors who reside in it, viz., Duncan Campbell,
^s(\.,o{Glendaruail, JonNCAMPBELL,Esq., ofOrmadale, and Angus Fletcher,
Esq., of Doiinans; who, to the natural woods upon their estates, have added
considerable plantations of Scotch fir, larch, and hard wood. The late Mr.
Campbell, of Ormadale, who had made the subject of wood his particular study,
was very successful in adapting the different kinds to their proper soil, and has
thereby both ornamented and improved the estate for his son. Were this subject
generally attended to, much of the expense of procuring fuel might be saved to
the Highlands, by planting coppices of quick growth in soils calculated for
raising such kinds of wood : which, by being frequently cut over, would afford a
^iheaper and less precarious kind of fuel than peats, in this rainy climate. Th^
Y 2
K 1 L
Highland Cottages which, in general, are still wretched hovels with no chimnies,
are not adapted for burning pit-coal, otherwise, all circumstances considered,
this would perhaps be the cheapest fuel. The country is so much indented with
arras of the sea, as that coals might be conveyed by water within a very few
miles of most places ; and the good roads now making in all directions, render
the land carriage very easy. Much praise is due to the late Duke of Argyle,
and the Gentlemen of the County, who concurred with him, in obtaining an
Act of Parliament which imposes an assessment of five per cent. . upon the real
rent of lands, for the purpose of making roads, and building bridges. The Gen-
tlemen of this District, instead of carrying their dead to a distant Church-yard,
for the sake of burying in consecrated ground, generally inclose a small spot of
ground near their houses, for a sepulchre. By a Memorial presented to The
Commissioners for Highland Roads and Bridges, in December 1804, by
the great landed Proprietors of this District, it appears, " That the Coun-
ties of Arg-yle, and of the Island of Bute, are much connected in the trade
of fishing, and are still more connected in civil and military Policy, the
Circuit Courts for both being holden twice in the year at Inverary, and the
Counties having only one Regiment of Militia between them. — That the mak-
ing of a proper road between Inverary, and the Island of Bute, would there-
fore be highly beneficial to the Public, as well as accommodating to the
Inhabitants of these parts, by shortening the communication of land not less than
ninety seven miles out of one hundred and seventeen, the present Post-road
from Inverary to Rothesay in Bute, by Dumbarton, Glasgow, Greenock, and
Largs, being 117 miles, whereas the road proposed to be opened by the Memo-
rialists will only be twenty miles ; besides, the ferry from Bute to Largs in Ayr-
shire, which is the line of the present Post-road, is five or six miles wide, and
often not passable, whereas the ferry from Bute to the proposed new road is not
a quarter of a mile wide, and is passable at all times. — In Loch Fyne not
fewer than 500 large herring-boats are annually employed ; and the Town of
Rothesay annually scnd.s out from eighty to ninety large vessels for the Bonnty
Fishing ; which sufficiently shows the importance of establishing an easy com-
munication between these places, not only as enriching the country by the quan-
tity of fi.sh caught, but also as affording an extensive nursery for hardy seamen
to the Royal Navy. — That in order to accomplish these very desirable National
objects, the Memorialists propose that a Road shall be made from the Ferry
of CuiUnlrive, nearly opposite to the Town of Rothesay, along 77te Kytes of
K I L
Bute, and through the Valley of Glendaruail, to the line of road on the East
side of Loch Fyne, vA-hich leads to Inverary, and commiinicates nearly in a straight
line with the great line of road leading to Fort William and The Caledonian
Canal. — That by making- this road the communication between the Continent of
Argyle and the extensive Islands of Bute and Arran, as well as the fishing Towns
of Inverary and Rothesay, would be rendered much more cirtain, easy, and direct,
to the great advantage of the numerous Fishermen, as well as the other inhabit-
ants of these places, who are often put to much inconvenience in attending Circuit
Courts and other public Meetings at Inverary, owing to the want of Bridges, and
the almost impassable state of the tract through which it is proposed to carry
the intended road.' — That besides these great national and local advantages,
this road would open up an extensive district of country, well adapted to the
purposes of agriculture, and other improvements. — That the extent of this pro-
posed line of road, as already said, is about twenty miles ; and the expense of
making it, is computed at £"2o00." — In the month of December 1805, the same
Memorialists observe, that their application for the Parliamentary aid towards
making a good road from Bute to Inverary, through the valley of Glendarnail,
being granted by Thk Commissioners, a survey, plan, and estimate thereof had
accordingly been made, and that the work would speedily commence. In their
second Memorial they add, " at the place marked on Mr, Langland's Plan,
" Ballochindram,'' this road joins a line of road already made from the Ferry of
Otter to the Ferry of Dunoon, being the direct and nearest communication from
the Crinan Canal, and the villages now forming in its neiohbourhood, to Green-
ock, and the other Towns on the Clyde, so that this may be considered a point
from which four roads diverge, vis. The intended road leading up tlirough the
valley of Glendaruail to Inverary, — the continuation of the same road leading to
Bute, — and, in the same manner, the road leading by Otter Ferry to the Crinan
Canal, — and, by the Ferry of Dunoon, to Greenock. That to render the junction
of all these roads complete, a Bridge will be necessary over the dangerous and
rapid river of Glendaruail, in attempting- to ford which, at this place, lives are
lost almost every season." This Bridge was accordingly finished about the year
1808, and is found to be of great utility to the Public. And, in consequence of
a further Memorial of the Heritors of this Parish, on the 13th of January 1809,
a branch of road from Ballochindrain Bridge to Loch Riddan head, a space of
nearly two miles, and also a bridge to complete the road between the Ferries of
K I L
Dunoon and Otter, have been made. The Fairs are holden, in Glendarnail, on
Monday before Whitsunday, and the second Tuesday, O. S., in October.
KJLLMORACK, in the Shire of Inverness : formerly a Vicarage, the Sti-
pend of which, in 1811, was 415 bolls of victual, and the interest of about £1397.
Sterling; the manse is in tolerable repair: Patron, The Honourable Archibald
Fraiser, o( Lovat. The Church was lately re-built. It is in the Presbytery of
Dingwall, and Synod of Ross. The Resident Population of this Parish was,
In 1801. In 1811.
For the East Division - _ - 1495 - - 7o-go
For the West Division - - - 871- -j'
2366. 2528.
It is 34 m. S. W. from Beauly. There is not probably in Scotland a Parish of
greater extent than this, stretching from Tarra-dale (to the Eastward of the
Village of Beauly), in a direction pretty nearly from East to West, till within a
short distance of the Croof Kintail; a tract of ground upwards of 60 miles in
length, by 10, 20, and even 30 miles, in some places, in breadth : and exhibit-
ino- every variety of surface, scenery, and soil. Much of the barren ground, and
many of the hills almost to their summits, are covered with large plantations of
Scotch fir, and a variety of natural wood : and many thousand fir-trees are annu-
ally cut in Lovat's, the Chisholm's, and Struie's woods. The Falls of Kill-
morack and Teanassie, the picturesque scenes in the Dreum, and the Island of
Aigash, have often been admired by the man of taste. In every district of this
extensive Parish, from the Village of Beauly upwards, even in the highest hills,
there are Lakes, all plentifully stored with pike, and trout : but the most remark-
able is, Lochan Uain, or Tlie Green Lake; it is on the Chisholm's property,
about 40 miles to the West of Beauly, surrounded by mountains as lofty as any
in Scotland ; the highest, is called Maum Souil: this Lake is constantly, both in
summer and winter, covered with ice ; except in the middle of June, when the Sun
is vertical, a very little of the ice in the center of the Lake is dissolved. Here is
both a Parochial, and a Society's School. The Salmon fishery of the Beauly is
the sole property of The Honourable Archibald Eraser, o( Lovat. In different
parts of the Parish are to be seen many Diuidical cairns or temples; and the
ruins of small Forts, built upon the summits of Hills.
KILLMORE, V. URQUHART.
K I L
KILLIMORE, in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Argyle : formerly a
Rectory, with the Parish of Killbride united ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
60 bolls and 2 pecks of oat-meal, at 9 stones fer boll, and £39. .7. .9^. Sterling
in money, and a glebe: the manse was built in 1760: Patron, The Duke of
Argyle: The Church is old, but in decent repair. It is in the Presbytery of
Lorn, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population of the United Parishes,
in 1801, was 1854, and in 1811, was,
For the Parish of Killbride. - 1908.
For the Parish of Killmore. - 821.
2729.
It is 3j m. S. S. E. from Oban. These Parishes are about 7 miles in length,
and 6 miles in breadth, exclusive of the Island oi Kerera, and are bounded by
the Atlantic Ocean on the West. The surface is hilly, and covered with heath ;
but the vallies are capable of great cultivation. The climate is subject to heavy
rains. The coast is high and rocky, including an extent of nearly 20 miles, and
affording two excellent harbours at Oban, and Dunstaffnage ; besides two others
in the Island of Kerera. There are also three Ferries, viz., at Connel, over Loch
Etive ; — Port Kerrera, between the Main-land and that Island ; — and the Mtdl
Ferry, between Kerera and the Island of Mull. Loch Nell, from which Major
General Duncan Campbell, one of the principal heritors, takes his title, is about
2 miles in length, and half a mile in breadth, and is frequented by great num-
bers of swans. Fuel is expensive. The roads, and bridges, are in good repair.
Game, of various kinds, are in great plenty. The Salary of the Parochial School
is £10. Sterling, together with School fees, a house, and the interest of 1000
merks Scotch. Killmore is the Seat of the Presbytery of Lorn.
KILLMORE, in the Isle of Mull, and Shire of Argyle : an ancient Parish,
now united to the Parish of Kill-Ninian. It is 7 ra. W. b. S. from Arcs. An
excellent road is now making through this Parish, under the auspices of The
Parliamentary Commissioners. See, Mull, Isle.
KILLMORICH, in the District of Cowal, and Shire of Argyle : an ancient
Parish, now united to the Parish of Loch-Goil-Head : The Church is in ruins,
but the Churcli-yard is still used as a burying-ground, and Divine Service is
performed al Cuirndow within the Parish, every third Sunday. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 465, and, in 1811, was 468. It is adja-
cent to Cairndow, on the North. It is situate at the Northern extremity of Loch
K I L
Fyne. The late Sir Alexander Campbell, of Ardkinglass, was the chief
Heritor ; whose family have had the principal property in this Parish for many
centuries : the land is in general let upon very reasonable terms, chielly owing
to the moderation and benevolence of Sir James, who did not wish to oppress
his tenants, but took pleasure in seeing them "prosperous mid happy." The
great Military road from Dumbarton, to the West and Norlh-West Highlands,
goes through about 16 miles of the Parish. Ardkinglass, late the residence of
Sir Alexander Campbell, Bart., possesses every advantage from nature, lying
close to the beautiful Lake of Loch Fyne : the house is new, large, and conve-
nient, but the architecture is by no means elegant : and the old Castle of
Ardkinglass, a large and venerable pile of ruins, has been entirely demolished
to make way for Offices! Sir Alexander Campbell dying in September 1810,
without leaving any offspring, the title of Baronet is no longer in the family. The
estate now belongs to Colonel Callander, of Craigforth, who will probably take
the name of Campbell. The Castle of Dundiiramh , anciently the Seat of
Macnaughton, now the property of the Ardkinglass family, is situate upon a
low Peninsula, on the Western side of Loch Fyne, and at the distance of four
miles East from Inverary : it consists of a large, strong tower of an irregular
figure, with small turrets above the angles in the wall, and is surrounded by
lofty trees. See, Loch- G oil- Head.
KILL-MORY, in the Isle of Arran, and Shire of Bute : formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. Sterling, together with a manse, and
glebe: Patron, The Duke of Hamilton, who is also the sole Proprietor of the
Parish, except two Farms : The Church, which was rebuilt in 1785, is dedicated
to St. Mary: and at Shisken, about 6 computed miles to the Westward, is
another place of Worship. It is in the Presbytery of Kintyre, and Synod of
Argyle. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 2996, and, in
1811, was.
For that District, which is Westward from Buaclary to Whitefarlane
inclusive, - _ _ - _ _ 381.
For that District, which is Southward from Imachar to Kill-Patrick
inclusive, ______ 1034.
For that District, which is Eastward from Corricravie to Dippcn
inclusive, _ . - _ _ _ 2015.
34:30.
K I L
It is 24 m. SW. b. S. from Largs. I'his Parish extends about 50 miles in
a semicircular form : the sea-coast is rugged and bold, and the surface is
uneven and hilly : the soil is partly gravelly, clay, and mossy, producing
only light crops: but potatoes are planted in every Farm, and are the general
food of the Inhabitants. There are three Lakes ; the principal of which is
Loch Earsay, in the Western part of the Island, and which abounds with
trouts of different sizes, and fine salmon. Opposite to Campbell-Town is
an extensive Cavern, called Tlie King's Cove ; where, according to tradition.
King Robert Bruck and his retinue lodged for some time, when taking shelter
in retired places, before his defeat of John Baliol, and his accession to the Throne
of Scotland : in this cavern, sermons have been preached to audiences of some
hundreds of persons at different times. In the North-West part, is the very lofty
mountain of i?emn6/orme, where he has built a dwelling ; but he has no Meeting-
house. Here is a mortification of 50,000 raerks Scotch, by the late Mr. Alexander
Macrae, oiDornie; which is under the management of The King's College of
Aberdeen, for educating the children of his nearest descendants. The Castle
of Donan was built in the reign of Alexander the Third of Scotland, to resist
the depredations of the Danes : it had the full command of Loch-Dutch and
Loch-Long, so far as to secure the Parish from annoyance by water : Colin
Fitz-Gerald, from whom the present family of Seaforth is descended, was
made Constable of this Castle, for the valour which he displayed at the battle
of Largs, in 1263 : at full sea, it is surrounded by water, and formed into an
island ; but at ebb, it is connected with the main-land. It was demolished in
1719, after the battle of Glen-Shiel, by a ship of war. Lord Seaforth, who is
a principal Proprietor, is Baron Mackenzie of Kintail.
KINTESAK, in the Shire of Nairn ; and in the Parish of Dyke. It is 3 m.
W. b. N. from Forres. See, Dyke.
KINTORE, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate in
the District of Garioch, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a Vicarage, with part
of the Parish of Kinkell annexed : the Stipend of which, in 1811, was nearly 10
chalders of victual, one-third whereof is bear, and £11..13..0. in money: the
manse was built in 1784 : Lhe glebe consists of about 9 acres : Patron, The
Earl of Kintore, who is also chief Heritor of the Parish : The Church is in good
repair. It is in the Presbytery of Garioch, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resi-
dent Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 846, and, in 1811, was
876. It is 133| m. N. b. E. from Edinburgh. A General Post -Office is estab-
lished here. This is a Royal Borough of great antiquity, but none of its records
are extant, of a later date than a Charter of confirmation by James the Fifth. It
is governed by a Provost, two Baillies, a Dean of Guild, a Treasurer, and 8
Counsellors. As the Set of the Burgh does not oblige them to change the Office-
bearei's. The Earls of Kintore have accordingly been Provosts for upwards of a
century. The bounds of the freedom of the Burgh are pretty large, particularly
towards the East, where they extend above two miles. Tho Revenue is said to
have been once considerable, but is now much diminished. The Town is small,
but is tolerably built, and has a neat Town-House, and Prison, Kintore is one
of the Con tributary Royal Boroughs with Elgin, in sending one Member to Par-
liament. This Parish (including the annexed lands of Creechy, a,nd Thainstown,
which formerly constituted part of the Parish of Kinkell) contains upwards of
Dd2
K I P
7000 acres, besides a large Common. The haugh grounds along the banks of
the river Don, are rich and fertile, but subject to inundations : towards the
West, the soil gradually becomes worse, and covered with heath. Peats are the
common fuel ; but the mosses are almost exhausted. The Salary of the Paro-
chial School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a
rood of land. The roads are good. Here are very extensive Plantations by The
Earl of KiNTORE, but there are no remains of the ancient Forest. Kintore gives
the title of Earl to the Ancient and Noble family of Falconer, to whose
ancestor, Robert de Keith, Great Marischal of Scotland, a great part of the
Parish, with the old Castle of Hall Forest, were given by I^ing Robert Bruce,
after the battle of Bannockburn. There are numerous cairns, and tumuli, which
are said to point out the place where King Robert Bruce overtook and destroyed
the army of Edavard tlie First, after the defeat of Cumyn, Earl of Buchan, near
Lwerury. Thainstoun, the residence of Duncan Forbes Mitchell, Esq., is
surrounded with considerable plantations : this estate is said to have belonged for
some time to the Tfianes of the county ; but while in possession of the family of
Forbes, previous to its becoming the property of the Mitchells, it was called
Cammiestane, which is still the name of a Farm upon the estate.
KINTRAE, V. SPYNIE.
KINTRAW, in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Argyle : and in the Parish
of Killmelfort. Here is a good Inn, about 8^ miles distant from Kilimelfort, to
which an excellent line of road has been made, under the auspices of The Par-
liamentary Commissioners, It is situate at the Northern extremity of X(Oc/«
Craignish.
KINTYRE, V. CANTYRE.
KIPPEN, partly in the Shire of Stirling, and partly in the Shire of Perth :
formerly a Rectory onrf Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was nearly 89
bolls of meal, together with £34.. 3.. 4. Sterling, which sum includes the ordinary
allowances for Communion elements, and grass mail : the manse was built in
1706: Patron, James Erskine, Esq., of Cardross : The Church is a decent, and
commodious place of Worship. It is in the Presbytery of Dunblane, and Synod
of Perth and Stirling. The Resident Population of this Parish was.
In 1801. In 1811.
For that Part, which is in the Shire cf Stirling, - 1248 - 1330
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Pertli, - 474 - 563
1722. 1893.
KIP
It is 44 m. W. N. W. from Edinburo;li. A General Post-Office is establisJiftd
here. The Fairs are holden on llie first Wednesday in .January, the second
Wednesday in April, the 20lh of May, and the 2-id of October. Besides which,
there is a weekly Market in Kippen, on each Wednesday, for three or four Weeks,
in the month of December. By an Act of Parliament of Scotland, of the 15th
of June 1686, William Leckie, then proprietor of the Barony o{ Dasher or
Deshoar, and his successors, are authorised to keep three Fairs in the year, at
certain specified times, each to continue three days ; and also a weekly Market
every Wednesday, to be holden on the Castle Hill of Dasher, upon which Part
of the village of Kippen now stands : two of these Fairs still remain : that which
was appointed to be holden in the month of September, has been long disused,
as also the weekly Market, if indeed it was ever observed at all : the weekly
Markets in December are probably all that remain of it; but a fresh attempt to
establish a weekly corn Market at Kippen was made in 1795, and which it is
believed, if properly established, will prove very beneficial to the country. This
Parish is about 8 miles in lengtii, and from 2 to 4 miles in breadth. The soil is
divided into carse, and dry field; the former lying on the banks of the Forth, in-
terspersed with extensive mosses ; the latter, occupying the higher grounds.
The surface of the country exhibits a rich and extensive Prospect : at the head
of the Strath, stands the House of Gartmore, the seat of Robert Graham,
Esq., who is the principal Heritor; and a few miles below, the House and
policy of Cardross, the seat of James Erskine, Esq., which greatly enliven
the Landscape, In 3Ioss Logan, a, Roman road was lately discovered; and,
in 1768, a Roman Camp kettle was found in the lands of Ochtertyre, which
was presented to The Society of Antiquaries in Edinburgh: from whence
it is conjectured, that the ancient Forest in this part of the Country was
cut down by the Romans, and probably in the expedition of Severus, in the
year 207, Peats are the common fnel. Of the Castles of Arnfin^ay, and
Garden, no vestiges now remain ; but the remains of the Castles of Arn-
prior, and Broich, may still be traced. On the summits of several small
hills, are the marks of some ancient military works, called Keir (or, Caer,)
and which are ascribed to the Picts. The climate is wet, but not unhealthy.
The rents are generally paid, partly in money, and partly in victual : and most
of the Landlords exact various services: but thirlage is for the most part abolish-
ed, being only retained in a few instances. The great Roads, and Bridges, are
in good repair. A quantity of waste and barren land in Glen Tirran Moor, has
K I R
within these few years been divided into small lots, and feiied off, and thus ren-
dered productive : and a part of tlie same Moor has lately been cultivated by
General Campbell, whose extensive improvements on the estate of Boquhan arc
highly beneficial, and ornamental to the country. There are two established
Schools ; one of them at Kippen, with a Salary of 300 merks Scotch, together
with School-fees, and an indifferent house ; the other at Claymires, with a Salary
of £'40. Scotch, and a School-house and dwelling, which were erected in 1782.
A School is also kept at the Burn of Arnprior. in 1745, the Rebel army passed
ihe Forth by the ford o? Frew, on their way to Stirling ; when the Inhabitants
were obliged to furnish them with provisions, but their march was not marked
by any other act of violence : in 1783, a good Bridge was built at Frew. In the
Perthshire part of the Parish, is an extensive Malt distillery.
KIRKALDY, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate
in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife : formerly a Collegiate Church ;
the Stipend of the First Minister being, in 1811, 120| bolls of bear, 79| bolls of
oats, and 100 merks of Vicarage, together with the Teind of fish, according to
use and icont: a manse, a glebe of 2|- acres, and about the same quantity of land,
independent of the glebe, enjoyed since the year 1678, by a private mortifica-
tion : — the Stipend of the Second Minister was 1000 merks Scotch, one-half
payable by the Heritors, and the other half by the Town Council, but it has
been vacant since the year 1759, and the Town Council have appropriated the
Stipend to their own use : Patron, The Crown : The Church, which was dedi-
cated to St. Brisse, was very ancient, and in bad repair, and has been lately re-
built on an elegant and commodious plan. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkaldy,
and Synod of Fife. The Resident Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801,
was 3248, and, in 1811, was 3747. It is 12 m. N. from Edinburgh. The Mar-
ket, which is well supplied, is holden on Saturday ; and has this peculiarity,
that it begins between three and four o'Clock in the morning, and is generally
over by six. The Fairs, which were holden on the third Wednesday in July, and
the last Wednesday in September, are now discontinued. A General Post-
Office is established here. The Town is pleasantly situate on the Northern
coast of the Firth of Forth, and is a well frequented Sea-bathing place. It is not
known at what particular period it became of any considerable size, nor are there
any traces of its history prior to the year 1334, when it was given to the Abbots
of Dunfermlin, as a Burgh of Regality : it continued in their possession until the
year 1450, when the Commendator and Convent disponed to the Baillies of
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Kirkaldy, and their Successors for ever, the Burgh and Harbour, with all the cus-
toms, immunities, and privileges. It was soon after created a Royal Borough, and
its privileges were especially ratified by a Charter of confirmation granted by
Charles the First, in 1644 ; and the Burgh, "./or good and gratuitous service
donehy it" was erected, de novo, into a free Royal Borough and free-Port, with new
and larger immunities. At this time, it is said to have been more populous than it is
at present, and to have had an hundred sail of ships belonging to the Port : but the
Civil War breaking out, in which the Town of Kirkaldy took an active share on
the part of the Parliament, it suffered so severely, and from subsequent events,
that it was not until the year 1763, that its commerce begun to revive. Kirkaldy
is one of the Confributary Royal Boroughs with Kinghorn, in sending one Mem-
ber to Parliament. It is governed by a Provost, 2 Baillies, a Dean of Guild,
and Treasurer, wiih a Council of 2 1 Members. The Revenues of the Burgh
amount to about £'300. Sterling per annum. The Harbour is narrow, and in-
commodious, and much exposed to a heavy sea from the Eastward, but about 10
or 12 years ago, a commodious bason was built which contains from 15 to 20
square rigged vessels, and where they usually lie up in winter. The duties pay-
able on exports and imports in all the towns on the North side of the Firth of
Forth, from Aber-Dour to Largs inclusive, are under the Jurisdiction of the
Custom-house at this Port ; the business of which is conducted by a Collector,
with principal and junior Clerks, a Comptroller, a Land- Surveyor, 3 Land-
waiters, and 14 Tidesmen. This office has also the management of the Salt
Duties within the same district ; the collection of which employs a Supervisor,
7 officers, and 20 watchmen. The principal manufacture is that of linen : be-
sides which, manufactures of leather, cotton, stockings, and salt, are carried on
to a considerable extent. In 1785, a Branch of the Bank of Scotland was estab-
lished here. The Public School is under the care of two Masters, who teach in
separate rooms, and without any dependence on each other: the Salary of the
first, for grammar and arithmetic, is £'20., which, together with School-fees and
perquisites, amount to £'100. per annnm: the Salary of the second Master, for
English and writing, is £16., which, with School-fees, amount also to about
£100. : the stated Salaries of both the Masters are paid by The Town Council.
The Parish of Kirkaldy contains about 870 Scotch acres. The surface rises gra-
dually from the coast to the Northern extremity ; the soil is mostly a fine black
loam ; and it is ornamented with the beautiful Mansion and extensive plantations
o^Dunikier, the Seat of Mr. Oswald. The air, though often moist and cold,
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especially when the wind is from the East, is not unhealthy. The Parish con-
tains frec-sto:ie, iron-stone, and coal ; the last of which is now wrought to a
great extent by Mr. Oswald. The Public road is in good repair. Ivirkaldy has
produced many eminent men ; among whom must be enumerated Michael Scot,
the Friar Bacon of Scotland, who flourished in the Thirteenth Century ; and, in
the Eighteenth Century, it gave birth to Dr. John Drysdale, the well-known
author of one volume of sermons ( Posthumous i) — The distinguished Statesman
and Patriot, the late Mr. Oswald, o( Dunikier ; — and to that eminent benefactor
to Society, Adam Smith, LL. D., the enlightened Author of the " Inquiry into
the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," who here spent most of the
time that he has employed in writing that incomparable Book. Several elegant
and extensive Villas have also been built in the vicinity of the Burgh, particu-
larly that of Walter Fergus, Esq. The Street of the Burgh being very
narrow and dangerous for passengers in dark nights, the inhabitants have applied
for and obtained a police Act for widening, lighting, and repairing it. Accord-
ing to Mr. Chalmers, there appears to have been an establishment of the Cul-
dees here ; whence the place was named Kill-Celedei, which was changed dur-
ing the Scoto-Saxon period to Kirk- Caledie.
KIRK ANDREAS, in The Isle of Man. This is a Rectory, and Archdea-
conry. The old Church, which was the most ancient on the Island, being in a very
ruinous condition, was lately pulled down, and the present building erected upon
its site. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1792, was 1555. It is 3 m.
N, W. from Ramsay. Near a Seat, called Bala-Hurry, is an old encampment,
which is supposed to have been made in the Civil wars by the troops of Oliver
Cromwell, It is spacious, and entire.
KIRK- ANDREW'S in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright: an ancient Parish,
now comprehended in the Parish of Borgue : The Church is demolished. It is
5 m. W. b. S. from Kirkcudbright. It is situate on a Bay, to which it gives
name, where vessels of light burden anchor occasionally, in fine weather.
KIRK ARBORY, in The Isle of Man. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1792, was 1 143. It is 2^ m. W. N. W. from Castle-Town. In the Church-
yard is a vertical monument of Poolvash limestone, erected to the memory of
Ambrose Stevenson, Esq. Westward of the Church, is the little Village of
Colby. According to Bishop Tanner, there was a House of Minor Friars at
Becmuchen, founded in the year 1373.
KIRKBEAN, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Vicarage, the
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Stipend of which, in 1811, was 4 chaldcrs of grain, two-thirds paid in meal, and
one-third in bear, Linlithgow measure, together with £500. Scotch in money, and
50 merks for Communion elements : the manse was built in 1730, and enlarged
about the year 1709 : the glebe consists of about 13 acres : Patron, Tlie Mar-
quis of Queensberry : The Church, which was built in 1776, is an elegant, con-
venient, and sutTicient structure. It is in the Presbytery, and Synod, of Dum-
fries. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages
of Kirkbean, Preston, and Salterness) was 696, and, in 1811, was 800. It
is 12 m. S. from Dumfries. This Parish is about 6 miles in length, and 3 miles
in breadth, stretching along the coast of the Solway Firth. From the West to
the North there is a ridge of Hills, that terminates in the Crow-Fell Mountain,
a considerable part of which is v\ithin this Parish, and is elevated about 1900
feet above the level of the sea; in the border laws, corrected and improved by
William Earl of Douglas, the last Warden of the West Marches, in 1440, this
Mountain is mentioned as one of the Beacons for alarming the country, during
the frequent incursions made by the English into Scotland : from this ridge of
hills, the surface inclines towards the shore, and presents a rich, beautiful, and
extensive prospect, of fields well inclosed, and in a high state of cultivation,
surrounded and sheltered with clumps and belts of planting. To the superior
knowledge, and unwearied attention of William Craik, Esq., of Arbigland, the
great improvements in agriculture here are much indebted. The climate is healthy.
Carselhorn Bay, on the East shore, and at the entrance of the river Nith, affords
safe anchorage, in three fathoms water: here several palls of wood, for vessels
to make fast to, have been driven into the beach by the Magistrates of Dum-
fries, who levy a sum for tonnage, on all vesselsthat discharge their cargoes
upon this shore. The tides flow 5 hours, and ebb 7 : it is high water on the
full and change of the Moon, at half past Eleven o'Clock. Many sand banks lie
off this coast, and such is the rapidity of the tides, that vessels getting aground
upon them, are sometimes upset and wrecked. It is the general opinion ofthe
Inhabitants, that the Firth is gradually shutting up ; as they find by experience,
that the navigation of it is daily becoming more difficult. Several kinds of fish
abound upon the coast. The Parochial School funds amount to £1008..4..0. :
the interest of which supports two separate free schools ; one of them being
under the direction ofthe Heritors and Minister, and possessing £'608..4..0. ; and
the otherj £400. , being a most benevolent donation of the late Mr. Andrew
Marshall, Merchant in Glasgow. Fuel is scarce. On the Farm o( Ardrie, i«
VOL II, E e
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a Druidical circle still entire. The late Admiral John Campbell was a native
of this Parish ; which also gave birth to John Paul, alias Paul Jones, well
known for his infamous conduct to his country, during the late American war.
See, Preston, and Salterness.
KIRKBOLL INN, in the Shire of Sutherland; and in the Parish of Tongue,
It is 248i m. N. b. W. from Edinburgh.
KIRKBOST, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness :
it constitutes part of the Parish of North Uist, being situate to the Southward.
It is one mile long, but very narrow ; the soil is sandy ; it lies quite exposed to
the Western Ocean, which makes encroachments annually upon it, and is in
danger of being blown away by the violent winds.
KIRK BRADDAN, in The Isle of Man. It is situate about a mile and a
half West-South-West from Douglas, and is the Parish Church of that Town.
It stands in a very pleasant Valley, surrounded by trees; and its Resident Popu-
lation, in 1792, was 1121. At the upper end of the Church-yard is a lofty, plain
monument erected to the memory of Lord Henry Murray, brother to The
Duke of Athol. Besides The Nunnery, there are several Houses delightfully
situate in the neighbourhood of Douglas. Of these, Athol-Lodge, belonging
to Lord Henry Murray, — Ballaughton, to the generous Captain Southcote, — •
and Tlie Hague, .the Seat of the late Richard Betham, LL. D., are the most
considerable.
KIRK BRIDE, in The Isle of Man. This is a Rectory, but it 'has no Par-
sonage-house. The Church is dedicated to St. Bridget ; in the Church-yard is
a stone Cross, with a Runic inscription upon it. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1792, was 678. At the Point of Ayre, the Northern extremity of
the Island, the land lies very low'; and the shallowness of the water for a con-
siderable distance, has been the cause of numerous shipwrecks. It is 5 m.
N. N. W. from Ramsay.
KIRK-BUDDO, in the Shire of Forfar; and in the Parish of Guthrie : The
Chapel is demolished. It is situate on the Nortiiern bank of a rivulet to which
it gives name, at the distance of about G m. S. S. E. from Forfar. This is the
Southern part of the Parish of Guthrie, being 6 miles distant from the Northern
part ; and from which it is divided by the intervening part of four other Parishes :
it contains about 1107 acres of various soil : most of the low, wet grounds liave
been drained and otherwise judiciously improved by the Pro[)rietor, Colonel
Ehskine. Here is part of a Roman Camp, called Hare Faidds, the remainder
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being situate in the Parish of Inverarity : the vallum, nwA fosse, are vei*y distinct,
and arc still of a consider.able height, and deptli ; this is supposed by General
Roy, nlio lias preserved a plan of it, pi. 14., to have been one of the smaller
temporary Camps occupied by Agricola on his return Westward, after his
victory over the Caledonians under Galgacus, their Chief. On the lOth of
November 1808, Charles Buchan, Esq., of the General Post-OfRce, Edin-
burgh, exhibited to The Society of Antiquaries of London, a .small Urn
which was discovered in a tumulus of loose sand, about 200 yards to the South
of the Camp, near a Spring, which is the source of one of the streams that fall
into the /s/a. The Camp itself, according to the Archaeologia, vol. XVI. ^. 364.,
has undergone very little alteration since its survey by General Roy, except a
small part of the North-East corner being now under tillage. There is a private
School for the use of the Barony.
KIRK-CALDIE, v. KIRKALDY.
KIRK-CHRIST, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright: an ancient Parish, and
Prebend, now comprehended in the Parish of Twyneholm. It is \ m. N. W.
from Kirkcudbright. See, Twyne/iolm.
KIRK-CHRIST, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown; in
the Parish of Old Luce. Here is a small Bay, but it affords no protection in a
strong gale from the South.
KIRK CHRIST LEZAYRE, in The Isle of Man : The Church is beauti-
fully situate upon a declivity, and is surrounded with trees. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1792, was 1721. It is 2 m. W. S. W. from Ramsay.
This is an extensive Parish, and contains several Gentlemeus' Seats.
KIRK CHRIST RUSHEN, in The Isle of Man. It is said to take its name
from the Church being built on the side of a rushy bog. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Parish, in 1792, was 1590. It is3f m. W. from Castle-Town. Near
this, are two very lofty square Pillars, placed at a considerable distance from
each other, called T7ie Giants Quoiting Stones, concerning which the neigh-
bouring Cottagers have a very chimerical tradition. And, at a little distance, is
Fairy Hill, a noble tumulus or barrow, which nas most probably raised by the
Danes over the ashes of many of their countrymen, who were here slain in
battle : but tradition says, that it was intended to perpetuate the remembrance
of the death of Reginald, King of Man, who was killed in single combat on this
spot by IvAR. This romantic Hill, in the opinion of the credulous natives, is still
the scene of many a nocturnal revel :— -
Ee2
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" What time, all iu the Moon's pale beam,
Dancing by mountain, wood, or stream,
To magic melody, the Fays
In green and gold and diamonds blaze."
KIRK-COLM, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown:
formerly a Vicarage, tlie Stipend of which, in 1811, was 4 bolls of bear, 12 bolls
of meal, Wigtown measure, and £53. in money : the manse is in decent repair :
the glebe consists of about 9 acres : Patron, The Earl of Galloway, who is also
Titular of the Teinds, and by far the most considerable Proprietor of the Parish :
The Church is dedicated to St. Columbus. It is in the Presbytery of Stranraer,
and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
1191, and, in 1811, was 1465. It is 6 m. N. b. W. from Stranraer. This Parish
is a sort of Peninsula, being bounded by the Atlantic on the West, Loch Ryan
on the East, and the Parish of Leswalt on the South : it is about 6 miles in
length, and 4 miles in breadth, with a level surface, which is almost entirely
imder tillage : the soil in the interior is a rich fertile loam, but round the shores
it is thin, sandy, and gravelly. On the A¥est coast oi Loch Ryan, partly formed
by the shores of Kirk-Colm, is a beautiful Bason, called The Wi(j, which is
large enough to afford a safe retreat for a great number of small vessels in bad
weather ; and, in other parts of the Bay of Loch Ryan, there is a sufficient
depth of water for ships of any burden, and either good anchoring grounds, or a
soft beach, as may be most convenient ; there are neither shoals nor sunken
rocks near the mouth, to obstruct the entrance. Beyond a small point of land,
called Tlie Scar, is a fine bank of excellent Oysters. The climate is mild and
temperate, and the air salubrious. Great quantities of lime are imported as
manure from Whitehaven, and Loch Lame in the North of Ireland : shells, and
a soft sea sand, are also much used for that purpose. At the North- West extre-
mity of the Parish, are the ruins of the ancient and spacious Castle of Corshill,
which gives name to the adjacent Promontory. This Castle was the Seat of the
family of Cuningham. The last person who dwelt in it was Sir David Cuningham,
thence denominated of Corshill: his descendant is now Lord Lisle.
KIRK CONCHAN, v. ONCAN.
KIRK-CONNEL, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of whicli, in 1811, was i;71..13„4, i« money, and 4 chalders of victual,
one half bear, and the other half oat-meal : Patron, The Marquis of Queens-
berry : The Church, manse, and offices, are in tolerable condition. It is in the
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Presbytery of Penpont, and Synod of Dumfries. TLe Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 1096, and, in 1811, was 1017. It is 5 in. W. N. W. from
Sanquhar. Tlie Fairs are holden on the first Tuesday in May. and the first
Tuesday in November. Tiiis Parish is from 10 to 14 miles in lens;th, and about
8 miles in brcadlh. It is intersected by the river Nilh, from the banks of which
the surface rises into lofty mountains, and irregular hills, covered with heath and
grass, and interspersed with narrow vallies : the soil is, in general, cold, marshy,
and deep. The air is moist and raw, but not unhealthy. Coals, and Peat, are
abundant. Here are two mineral springs, one of tliem on the summit of the
Rig- Hill, and the other at the RUj-Burn, both of wliich have been used with
efficacv in stomachic and scorbutic complaints. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, besides School-fees, together with a gratuity of one pound
Sterling from The Marquis of Queensberry ; and 10s., for which the Master is to
teach a poor orphan or two, when any happen to be in the Parish, in consequence
of a mortification to that effect, by The Rev, Mr. Hunter, a late Minister here.
The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair. The Marquis of Queensberry is
Proprietor of nearly the whole Parish. It is supposed, that the surname of
KiRKcoNNEL orioinates from the name of this Parish ; and that the Chief of that
family Avas, in ancient times. Proprietor of the whole or greatest part of it. This
supposition is not a little confirmed by the consideration, that thei-e are lands, in
different Parishes of this Shire and its vicinity, named Kirkconnel, doubtless
from the same Family. Of the lands thus named, the most considerable is, the
Estate oi Kirkconnel, in the Parish of Troqueer, and Stewartry of Galloway : the
proprietor of this estate was formerly Kirkconnel, of that Ilk ; but afterwards,
the very respectable and amiable Family of Maxwell, oi Kirkconnel, in conse-
quence of a marriage, between the Heiress and a Gentleman t\'ho was a branch
of the Nithsdale Family.
KIRK-CONNEL, in the Shire of Dumfries : an ancient Parish, now com-
prehended in the Parish of Kirk- Patrick Fleeming : The Burying-ground is
situate on a beautiful and romantic spot, on the winding banks of the river
Kirtle. Here is abundance of free-stone of a grey colour, porous, but hard and
durable. On the farm of Branteth, is a highly celebrated spring, of a strong
sulphureous quality, distinguished by the name of T/je i?rfmte//t Well: and on
High-Moor, and the Farm ofGonk-ftall (which is known by the name of Charleys
Well) are two Chalybeate Springs, which are said to possess all the power and
medicinal virtues of the famous Hartwell Spaiv, near Moffat. The Mansion-House
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of Springkell, which was erected in 1734, near the place where the old Man-
sion-Hoiise and Town of Kirk-Connel formerly stood, is the elegant residence of
Sir William Maxwell, Bart. — In the Burial-ground of Kirk-Connel, &re still
to be seen theTombstones of Fair Helen, and her favourite lover Adam Fleeming.
She was, it is said, a daughter of the Family of Kirk-Connel, and fell a victim to
the jealousy of a suitor. Being courted by two young Gentlemen at the same
time, the one of whom thinking himself slighted, vowed to sacrifice the other to
his resentment, whenever he discovered him in her company. An opportunity
soon presented itself, when the faithful pair, walking along the romantic banks
of the Kirtle, were discovered from the opposite banks by the Assassin. Helen
perceiving him lurking among the bushes, and dreading the fatal resolution,
rushed to her lover's bosom, to save him from the danger ; and thus receiving
the wound intended for her beloved, sunk and expired in her favourite's arras.
He instantly revenged her death, and slew the murderer. The inconsolable
Adam Fleeming, now sinking under the pressure of grief, went abroad and
served under the banners of Spain, against the Infidels. The impression, how-
ever, was too strong to be obliterated. The image of woe attended him thither ;
and the pleasing remembrance of the tender scenes that were past, with tlie
melancholy reflection, that they could never return, harassed his soul, and
deprived his mind of repose. He soon returned, and stretching himself on her
grave, expired, and was buried by her side. Upon the Tomb-stone are engraven
a Sword and Cross, with " Hie jacet Adam Fleeming." The memory of this is
only preserved in an old Scotch Ballad, which relates the Tragical event, and
which is said to have been written by Adam Fleeming, when in Spain. As this
pathetic Song is little known, and affords a pretty good specimen of the vulgar
dialect spoken at'present in this country, which must have undergone little varia-
tion for upwards of 200 years, it is very judiciously inserted in the 13th volume
of The Statistical iVccouNT, p, 275. This circumstance is said to have
happened cither in the latter end of the reign of James the Fifth, or the begin-
ning of that of Mary. — Excepting a Glen near Springkell, most of this District
is very naked. It is said to have been cleared of the woods by Act of Parliament,
in the reign of James the Sixth, in order to destroy the retreat of the Moss-
troopers, a pest which this part of the country was infamous for ; in fact the
whole of the Borders then was, as Lindesay expresses, " no other thing but theft,
reijfand slavghterJ' — See, Kirk-Patrick Fleeming.
KIRK-CORMOCK, in the Stewartry of Kikkcuobkigut: an ancient Parish,
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now comjirchcnded in llie Parish of Kelton. In the Church-yard here, are
interred the remains of Maclellan, of jRae/>errt/, Lord Kirkcudbright, who was
put to death in Thrieve Castle, by the command of Douglas, notwithstanding
the King's Letters demanding his release : and which violent circumstance
justly proved fatal to Douglas, his family and interest, in this part of the
country.
KIRKCUDBRIGHT, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally
situate in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Prebend, with the ancient
Parishes of Dunrod, and Galtway, annexed ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
£150., and £'8..6..8. for Communion elements : instead of a manse the Minister
is allowed £'15. per anmim: the glebe is scarcely half of the legal quantity: Pa-
tron, The Crown : The Church is in good repair. It is in the Presbytery of
Kirkcudbright, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of this Town,
and Parish, in 1801, was 2380, and, in 1811, (including 3 persons in the Gaol)
was 2760. It is 98| m. S. b. W. from Edinburgh. The Market is well sup-
plied. The Fair is holden on the 6th of September. A General Post-Office is
established here. It is pleasantly situate on the Eastern bank of the river Dee,
about five miles above its confluence with the Solvvay Firth. Kirkcudbright, the
head Burgh of the Stewartry, where the Courts of Justice and Public Records,
are kept, was anciently a Burgh of Regality, and holden of the Douglases,
Lords of Galloway, as Superiors. Upon the forfeiture of the estates of James,
the Ninth Earl of Douglas, and the last Lord of Galloway, at Edinburgh, on
the 4th of August 1455, King James the Second erected the Town into a Royal
Burgh by a Charter, dated at Perth, the 26th of October 1455 ; which was re-
newed and confirmed by a novodamns from King Charles the First, dated at
Holyrood House, the 20th of July 1633. By this Charter, and" the Sett o( the
Burgh, the Town Council is unalterably fixed to consist of 17 persons, viz., a
Provost, 3 Baillies, a Treasurer, and 13 Counsellors, who are to meet annually
at Michaelmas, and vote out three of their number, and elect three new Coun-
sellors in their place ; but tliis regulation has never been duly attended to. Kirk-
cudbright, in conjunction with the Royal Boroughs of Annan, Dumfries, Loch-
maben, and Sanquhar, sends one Member to Parliament. The revenues of the
Burgh arise chiefly from the rents of its landed property, and fisheries. By Act
of Parliament it is expressly stated, that the Steward's Courls are to be holden
in the Burgh, and no where else : this Court consists of a Steward Depute, who
is the Supreme Judge, a Steward Clerk, and 7 Solicitors or Procurators: and
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the Court meets every Friday, except the time of vacation. It is a Port of the
Custom- House, with a collector, comptroller, surveyor, landwaiter, 4 tide-
men, and 4 boatmen : within its Jurisdiction are the three Creeks of Catcraig on
Fleet, Balcarry Bay, and the Pow at Barlochan Mill, upon the river Urr : this
District extends from the East side of the river Urr, where it joins the District
of the Custom-House of Dumfries, to the Burn of Carsloath, where it connects
with the Custom-House of Wigtown, being about 50 miles in extent. Consi-
derable quantities of corn are exported ; coals are the principal article imported.
The Harbour is situate on the North of the Sol way Firth, about 10 leagues
North-East from The Isle of Man, and 7 leagues North-West from St. Bee's
Head, on the Coast of Cumberland : it is a safe, natural harbour, with good
anchorage, and shelter from all winds ; but being a dry harbour, it is only fit for
such vessels as can take the ground : at its entrance is an excellent road-sted,
with 16 feet at low water. In 1783, a Society was established by a few bene-
volent persons, under the designation of The United Society of Kirkcud-
bright : the sole object of which is, to relieve the distressed, by preventing their
want of subsistence while in sickness, and, in case of death, to defray the ex-
penses of their funerals : it extends also to the relief of the widows and orphans
of deceased members : and, in aid of such laudable purposes, the number of con-
tributors is increased, and the happy effects of the Institution are daily experi-
enced. Within the Burgh are, a Rector of the Grammar School, a teacher of
writing and arithmetic, and a teacher of English : the Rector enjoys a Salary of
£30. per annum, the other two masters have £30. between them : the Scholars,
and Boarders, are numerous, and the greatest praise is due to the respective
Masters for their unwearied attention to the morals and education of their pupils.
Here is an excellent Subscription Library. About a quarter of a mile from the
Borough, there is an old Church-yard, which, from time immemorial, has served
the purpose of a burying-ground to the Town, and a part of the Parish annexed
to it: in former times, a large Church was built in the middle of this field, but
it is now so completely demolished, that there is not the smallest vestige of it to
be seen: this Church was dedicated to St Cuthbert, and the Church-yard is
called at this day St. Cuthberfs Church-yard: the contiguity of this burying-
ground to the Town, together with the different ways of spelling Kirkcudbright,
in old authentic writings, lead on to the supposition, that whatever might have
been its ancient designation, its present name is derived from St. Cuthbert, in
honour of the Tutelary Saint of this Place. — The Parish of Kirkcudbright is
K I R
about 7 miles in lengtli, and from 3 to 4 miles in breadth, and contains 12,'i25
Scotch acres. Tlic surface is mostly hilly, and has but little extended plain ;
the hills, however, are of small elevation, and arc either arable, or afford excel-
lent pasture, to their summits. The climate is rainy, but not unhealtliy. Here
are inexhaustible stores of sea-shells, which are beneficially used for enriching'
the contiguous grounds. The Earl of Selkirk possesses above five-sixths of the
whole property, and has planted several hundred acres, with various kinds of
Forest trees. The Dee (called by the Romans Deva, as the Town itself was
styled by them Benutium, according to Baxter) abounds with fish : and many
vestiges of British, and Roman Camps are still visible, in the neighbourhood.
In the farm of Loch Fergus, is a large artificial Lake, with two small Islands, on
both of which are evident marks of ancient fortifications, and which were un-
questionably the seats or castles of the ancient Lords of Galloway. In the farm
of Torrs, there are vestiges of a strong battery, erected by King William the
Third, when his fieet was wind-bound in this Bay, on his voyage to raise the siege
of London-Derry. Adjoining to the Burgh, is the vestige of an old fortification,
called in ancient writings Castle-Mains, now Castle-Dykes: this Castle be-
longed originally to the Lords of Galloway, whilst Galloway continued a sepa-
rate Province from Scotland, and seems to have been built for the purpose of pro-
tecting the entrance into the harbour. John Baliol having married Dornagilla,
the eldest daughter, and one of the Co-heiresses of Alan, the last Lord of
Galloway, succeeded to a considerable share of the property of her father, and
also to this Castle. When the contest between the descendants of Baliol and
Robert Bruce, for the Crown of Scotland, terminated in favour of the latter,
the property of Baliol in Galloway was forfeited, and bestowed by the king upon
Archibald Douglas, brother to James, Lord of Douglas, for his eminent ser-
vices in driving Edward Baliol out of the Kingdom. This Castle remained in
the hands of the Douglases, Lords of Galloway, 'till the year 1455, when their
vast possessions in this country were forfeited, and annexed to the Crown. James
the Fourth gave a grant of this Castle, and some lauds belonging to it, to the
Burgh of Kirkcudbright, by a Charter, dated at Edinburgh, the 26th of February
1509. It appears by another Charter, dated at Kirkcudbright in 1508, that the
King had been here in person ; and the tradition is, that His Majesty had been
hospitably entertained by the Burgh, and that they claimed some reward for their
former services to James the Second, when he was besieging the Castle of
Thrieve, and for recent services to himself; Wherefore His Majesty granted; with
VOL. II. F f
K 1 R
consent of Parliament, the Castle and Castle-Mains to the Town : at this time,
it was not under the Jurisdiction of the Burgh ; but, since the King's grant, it
has been alienated by the Corporation, though the land still continues subject to
a Burgage tenure. The present Castle of Kirkcudbi'ight is situate in a different
part of the Town from Castle-Mains: it stands higher up the river, and was
built, in the year 1582, by Thomas Maclellan, of Bombie, ancestor to the pre-
sent Lord Kirkcudbright : it is a strong, massy building, of the Gothic order;
and is mostly entire, except the roof, which was stripped off and sold by the late
Sir Thomas Maxwell, of Orchardton, to whom it had come by succession, and
who afterwards sold it to The Earl of Selkirk. Mr. Grose has preserved two
views of it. Besides the Castle of Kirkcudbright, there was another much more
ancient within this Parish, which belonged to the family of Maclellan, called
Raeberry Castle : it hung over a dreadful precipice above tlie Sol way Firth, but
at present nothing remains except the fosse. This Castle was besieged, and
taken, by William, Earl of Douglas, and Lord of Galloway, in 1452. Sir
Patrick Maclellan, o{ Bombie, the proprietor, having incurred the displeasure
of this proud and lawless Baron, partly from his connection with Lord Herries
(who had withdrawn his dependence upon the Earl, and was hanged), and
partly from his attachment to his Sovereign, was seized in his own Castle, car-
ried to the Castle of Thrieve, condemned, and disgracefully put to death. This
Family had another Castle at Bombie, within this Pari.sh, from whence they
took their title, and which is now a heap of ruins. In tracing the various re-
mains of old Castles, continues The Rev. Robert Muter, D. D., which for-
merly belonged to this powerful Clan, together with their vast possessions in
land, one cannot help reflecting on the great instability of human affairs, and the
sad train of misfortunes, which sometimes attend particular families more than
others : of all the great estates that once belonged to this powerful and respect-
able family, there does not now remain a single foot of land to the heir male of
the Title, the present Lord Kirkcudbright. In Spottiswood's Account of Re-
ligious Houses in Scotland, notice is taken of the Franciscans or Grey Friars,
having been established here in the Twelfth Century. Brotlier John Carpenter,
who is said to have been an excellent engineer, and dextrous in contriving all
instruments of war, was one of the persons professed in this House: But there
are no records here, ihat can throw any light on the history of this Order, whilst
they continued at this place : the ancient records of this country, especially what
belonged to the Church, having been carried off at the Reformation, by the
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Popish Cler2.y, and lodged cither in the Vatican at Rome, or in the Scotch Col-
lege at Paris : the present Church, however, seems to have been built on the
same spot of ground, which was formerly occupied by the Fratres Minores, or
Grey Friars. — St. Mary's Isle, now the beautiful Seat of Th« Earl of Selkirk,
was formerly a Priory, which was founded in the reign of David the First, by
Fergus, Lord of Galloway: it was called Prioratus Sanctce Marice tie Trayll,
and held of the Abbey of Holyrood-House ; The Prior was a Lord of Parliament;
there are now no vestiares of its original character. It is vvorthv of notice, that
although the retreat of the sea is observable along the whole coast, yet it is more
particularly remarkable around St. Mary's Isle. The sea, in former times, had
ilowed, not only round the whole Isle, but had also covered at least one half of
all that is now verdant, at every flux of the tide. The former line of high water
can be traced with great accuracy, by the large shell banks, that have lately
been discovered all along the East side of the Peninsula : the West side is high
ground, defended by a border of rocks, which constitute a bar, nearly across the
Harbour. At ordinary Spring tides the depth of water here is about 20 feet ;
and vessels may either pass over, or run channel-course close in with the rocks
on the South shore, according to the wind and time of the tide. After passing
the bar, the channel becomes narrow ; and it is necessai-y that large vessels
should have a leading wind to carry them up the river Dee. Upon the shore,
close by the Town, there is a fine shelving beach, where the shipping lie, or ride
at anchor in the channel : here the depth is 8 feet at low water, and 28 at high
water. The rise being about 20 feet, the river is navigable to Tongueland, two
miles above the Town : where there is sufficient water for vessels of 200 tons
burden, though it is but seldom that any, except coasting sloops, ascend so high.
The distance from the entrance into the Harbour at the Solway Firth, up to the
town of Kirkcudbright, is live miles ; and the widest part, at the point of .S^^.
Mary's Isle, is a mile and three quarters. The late Dr. Maxwell Garths hore,
an eminent accoucheur, in London, was born at Kirkcudbright on the 28th of
October 1732.
KIRKCUDBRIGHT, STEWARTRY. This Stewartry comprehends the
Eastern district of Galloway, and contains 440,081 Scottish acres. It is rugged
and mountainous, and is principally appropriated to the pasturage of black
cattle, and sheep. The Resident Population of this Stewartry, in 1801, was
29,211, and, in 1811, was 33,684. It sends one Member to Parliament.
KIRK-DALE, v. KIRK-MABRECK.
Ffa
o
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KIRKDEN, alias IDVIE, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 32 bolls 3 firlots 3 pecks 1 lippie of meal, 5 bolls
3 pecks and f of a lippie of bear, £5d..Yi..2\. Sterling, including £8..6..8. for
Communion elements, and £58..4..4|. by Parliamentary augmentation; the
manse, and offices, are in tolerable repair : the glebe consists of 6 acres, of arable
land, and about an acre of meadow : Patron, The Crow n : The Church was
built in 1749. It is in the Presbytery of Aber-Brothock, and Synod of Angus
and Mearns. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 674, and,
in 1811, was 733. It is 5 m. E. S. E. from Forfar. This Parish contains nearly
3500 acres: of which, about 3000 are arable, and mostly inclosed: the soil
varies from a cold clay to a light sand, mixed with small gravel. The climate is
healthy. It is watered by the rivers Evony, and Lnman. The spinning of yarn,
for the Osnahurgh weavers, is much practised here. The Salary of the Paro-
chial School is 300 merks Scotch, together with perquisites, a house, and a rood
of land. Personal Services are now abolished. Coals are brought from Aber-
Brothock. The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair. Here is a mineral
spring, which has been found efficacious in complaints of the stone, and in swell-
ings and sores of the feet and legs. In a plain between the .Evo/ii/ and the Z/t/na»,
is an Obelisk of rude sculpture, which is supposed to have been erected after
the defeat of the Danes by Malcolm the Second : and near it, was a tumulus,
that contained 16 stone coffins, but which is now removed, for the convenience
of the public road. There are two conical Mounts, on the respective Baronies
of Iclvie, and Gardyne, called Laws, which were probably the seats equally
of justice and of punishment, in feudal times. The Castle of Gardyne was
built in 1568 : it is romantically situate, on the brow of a pretty den, at the bot-
tom of which runs a purling stream of the purest water, through a beautiful
plantation : it is still entire, and having received some additions, to make it a
more commodious dwelling, is now the residence of Alexander Lyal, Esq.
KIRK FOREST, v. CARLUKE.
KIRK-FORTH AR, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife : about the
beginning of the Seventeenth Century, this small Parsonage, then belonging to
Lindsav', of Kirk-Forthar, a Cadet of the Noble family of Crawfurd, was sup-
pressed and annexed to the Parish of Markincli. The Church is in ruins, but
the burying-ground is still in use, by many of the Inhabitants of that District.
It is lOi m. N. from Kirkaldy.
KIRK-CUNZEON, iu the Stewartry of IvrRKcuDURiGiix : formerly a Rectory,
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belonging to the Abbey of Holm Cultram, in Cumberland: the Stipend of
which, in 1799, was £49.. 4. .1. in money, including £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion
elements, 40 bolls of meal, 40 bolls of bear, and £27.. 19.. 3. by Parliamentary
augmentation : the manse, and offices, are in good repair : the glebe consists of
11 acres of very good land, all inclosed and subdivided : Patron, Maxwell, of
Carriichan : The Church was lately re-built. It is in the Presbytery, and
Synod, of Dumfries. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 545,
and, in 1811, was 665. It is 9 m. S. W. from Dumfries. This Parish contains
about 8000 acres : the surface is rather hilly : but there is a considerable portion
of flat land, which is very fertile. Agriculture here has received great encou-
ragement from the laudable and patriotic exertions of Mr. Maxwell Constable,
of Nithsdale. The staple commodities of the Parish are black cattle, and oat-
meal. Peats are abundant. The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with a School-house,
and Dwelling, and School-fees. Here are the vestiges of three Roman camps,
and also of a Druidical temple. There are three ancient Towers : — Barclosh,
which is said to have been one of the seats of the Family of Herries : — The
Corrah, a large and strong building, erected by Sir John Maxwell, brother to
The Earl of Nithsdale, who married Agnes, eldest daughter of William Lord
Herries, and by whom he got the estate and titles of Terregles. This was the
Lord Herries who was so eminent in the reign of Queen Mary ; and who,
although he was a loyal Subject to Her Majesty, was yet a Reformer, and
caused both the Abbies of Sweet Heart, and Dnndrennan, to be unroofed. A
part of The Corrah is now occupied as a Farm-house ; and, in one of the apart-
ments, an old oaken bed, curiously carved and figured, still remains, which is
said to have been the Nursery bed of the Family : — and, The Tower of Drum-
cultran, which also belonged to the family of Maxwell, but is not of a very
ancient date.
KIRK-HEUGH, v. ANDREW'S, ST.
KlRK-HlLL, V. UPHALL.
KIRK-HILL, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Cockpen. It
is 3 m. S. from Dalkeith. Here is a Flax-Manufactory.
KIRK-HILL, in the Shire of Inverness : formerly a Vicarage, consisting of
the two ancient Parishes of Wardlaw and Pharnua ; the Stipend of which, in
1811, was 5 chaldtrs of victual, half bailey, half oat-meal, and £50. Sterling in
money, with 50 merks Scotdi for Communion elements : the glebe is 7 Scotch
K I R
acres : the manse was built in 1775 : Patron, The Honourable Archibald Fraser,
of Lovat: The Church, wliich was re-built about the year 1791, is dedicated to
The Virgin Mary. It is in the Presbytery of Inverness, and Synod of Moray.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1582, and, in 1811, was
1477. It is 1 m. E. S. E. from Beauly. This Parish is about 8 miles in length,
and from one to three miles in breadth, stretching along Loch Beauly ; and
forming- a plain of four miles in extent, from which the surface gradually rises to
the hilly district; in the vallies, the soil is a lich clay loam, exceedingly fertile ;
higher up, it becomes more thin and gravelly, but which, in good seasons, is
tolerably productive. The climate is mild, and temperate. The Chalybeate
Spring at Achnagairn, which was formerly much frequented, is now quite
neglected. The river Beauly runs along the North- West boundary of the
Parish, for about two or three miles, and is navigable at hi^h water, by vessels of
about 50 tons burden, so far as the Village of Beauly : it produces abundance
of excellent salmon, and several kinds of trout. The Salary of the Parochial
Schoolmaster is 300 merks Scotch, besides School -fees. The Society for propa-
gating Christian Knowledge have also established a School here, with a Salary
of £12. The language chiefly spoken here is Gaelic. The great disadvantage
under which this Parish labours, is the scarcity of fuel. Here are the remains of
two Druidical temples, much defaced : and on the moor, between Achnagairn
and the Ferry of Beauly, through which the Public road leads to the Northern
Counties, are many small tumuli, which are said to point out the place of a des-
perate engagement between two rival Clans. A little above this Ferry, a bridge
of considerable magnitude is erected, which will be of infinite service to the
Northern Counties.
KIRK-HOPE, V. ETTERICK.
KIRK-HOPE, V. WAAS.
KIRK-HOPE, in the Shire of Selkirk : An ancient Parish, now compre-
hended in the Parish of Yarrow. It 7^ m. S. W. from Selkirk. See, Yarrotc.
KIKKINDAR, v. NEW ABBEY.
KIRK-INNER, in the District of Machers, and Shire of Wigtown : formerly
aRectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. ; the manse was built in
17^31: the glebe consists of about 9 acres, of very bad land: Patrons, The
Crown, and Mr. Agncw, of Barnharrow, by turns ; but Sir William Maxwell,
of Monreith, also claims a right of Presentation : The Church is ancient. It i-s
in the Presbytery of Wigtown, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident
K I R
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1160, and, in 1811, was 14-33. It
is 3 m. S. W. from Wigtown. This Parish is about 14 miles in length, and 6
miles in breadth, stretching along the Western coast of the Bay of Wigtown,
and the banks of the river Bladenoch, which forms its Northern boundary. The
appearance of the country is hilly, but no where mountainous ; the soil is, in
general, thin and light, except the carse land o? Baldern, which is a deep and
rich clay. Agriculture is much attended to here. The air is pure, and healthy.
Peat is the common fuel. There are the vestiges of two ancient camps, of a
circular form ; and, on the Farm o( Biirness, some old coins have been discovered,
which are now in the possession of The Earl of Selkiuk.
KIRKINTILLOCH, in the Shire of Dumbarton, though locally situate in the
Shire of Lanark: formerly aVicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was£1.50.,
together with a manse, and glebe : Patron, Lord Elphinstone : The Church is
in decent order. It is in the Presbytery of Glasgow, and Synod of Glasgow and
Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 3210, and, in 1811,
was 3740. It is 7 m. N. b. E. from Glasgow, and 40 ra. W. from Edinburgh.
A General Post-Office is established here. It is pleasantly situate on the banks
of the Luggie, near its confluence with the river Kelvin. This Town is a very
ancient Burgh of Barony ; it was erected about the year 1170, by William the
Lion, King of Scotland, in favour of William Cumyn, Baron of Leinzie, and
Lord of Cumbernauld ; and it still holds of the latter Barony, for the payment of
12 nierks Scotch, of yearly feu-duty. Its privileges are very extensive, and its
Burgesses elect their own Magistrates, independently of the Lord of the Barony.
It is governed by two Baillies, who are chosen annually ; and who are empowered
by the Charters of the Burgh, to hold Courts, levy Fines, imprison Offenders, or
even to exercise the punishment of Banishment, and every right with which the
Baron himself was vested, before the erection of the Burgh. These rights the
Community have ever since continued to enjoy without molestation ; and, on the
abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in 1748, they were in no degree affected by
tlie Act. A large tract of land was annexed to this Burgh at its erection ; and
is now feued out, from time to time, in small portions, as purchasers offer. The
Weavers are the most numerous class of manufacturers here. A Fair is holden
on the 20th of October. This Parish is about 5^ miles in length ; its breadth
Aaries considerably : around the Town, the soil is a light black loam, on a reddish
tillybottom ; but a strong deep clay prevails through the Southern, and the Eastern
parts of it. Lime-stone, coals, and free-stone, are found in great abundance.
KIR
The grand Canal ^ between the Forth and Clyde, passes through the whole
length of the Parish. The District, which now constitutes the Parisli of Kirkin-
tilloch, made, in the time of the Romans, a partof the Northern boundary of the
Province of Valentia: and when the country was afterwards divided into Parishes,
it acquired the name of Wester Leinzie. Under that denomination, it was given
by Robert the First of Scotland to Sir Robert de Fleming, in consideration of
the eminent services he had performed, in the course of the long and bloody
contest, which that Monarch carried on with the English, for the possession of
the Scottish throne. The great Roman Wall, commonly called Graham's Dyke,
passes through its whole extent ; the remains of which, and of three large Forts,
and as many Watch-towers, may still be distinctly traced : and General Roy,
in pi. 35, has given a plan of The Peel. In the beginning of the Fourteenth
century, the whole Parish, except the Burgh lands of Kirkintilloch, and the small
Barony of Wester Gartshore (which has, for many generations, been possessed
by that ancient and respectable Family, the Gartshores, of Gartshore), were
the entire property of the Noble Family of Fleming. But, in the long series of
years, which have elapsed since that period, this great Estate has been gradually
dismembered, and nothing now continues in the possession of the former Pro-
prietors, but the Feu-duties, and some other casualties of Feudal superiority,
KIRKLAND, or KIRKLAND of METHIL, in the District of Kirkaldy, and
Shire of Fife: in the Parish of Wemyss. It is If m. W. b. S. from Leveu.
This is a neat, and improving Village, situate on the Southern bank of the river
Leven ; and has entirely arisen from the establishment of a large Spinning Work,
under the firm of Messrs. NEiLsoNand Company. A coarse Linen manufactory,
to a considerable extent, has lately been established here.
KIRKLAND, CASTLE, v. SALINE.
KIRKLAND TOWER, v. SALINE.
KIRK-LIS TON, partly in the Shire of Linlithgow, and partly in the Shire
of Edinburgh : formerly a Rectory, and Vicarage ; the Rectory having been
enjoyed by the Archbishops of St. Andrew's, as a Mensal benefice, and a Per-
petual Vicarage was established for the Cure of the Church ; the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was upwards of £160. : Patron, The Crown : The Church,
which is a very ancient building, stands at Kirk-Liston, upon a rising ground, on
the Northern bank of the river Amon. It is in the Presbytery of Linlithgow,
and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The [Resident Population of this
Parish was,
K 1 R
In 1801. In 1811.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Linlithgow, 1206 - - 1211
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Edinburgh, - 441 - - 441
1647. 1682.
It is 9 m. W. from Edinburgh. A Penny-Post Office is established here. This
Parish is about 5t miles in length, and about 3| miles in breadth on the average :
the soil varies from a strong clay, to rich black mould ; the only exceptions being
a few Haughs on the banks of the river, composed of a light loamy soil : tlie whole
of the Parish is under tillage, and agriculture is in a high state of improvement.
The Hamlet of Old-Liston, and about a fourth part of the Parish, lie on the
South-East of the river Amon, in the Shire of Edinburgh. The Manor of Lisfon,
according to Mr. Chalmers, was granted, during the Twelfth century, to the
Knights of the Temple, from whom it acquired the name of Temple^ Lislon.
Their Successors, the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, enjoyed this Manor till the
Reformation, though not without dilapidations ; when Sir James Sandilands, the
Chief of the Order of St. John, acquired their whole Estates, as a Temporal Lord-
ship. The Church, with the Village, the Mill, and much of the adjacent lands,
called The Mains, or Demesne, and Kirk-lands of Kirk-Liston, were granted to
the Bishop of St. Andrew's, though at what time is uncertain : but. Listen was
formed into the Seat of the Regal Jurisdiction, which the Bishop, and his Succes-
sors, acquired over their Estates on the Southern side of the Forth: The Hall, in
which the Baillieof this Jurisdiction held his Courts, was standing about the year
1700. On the abolition of Hereditary Jurisdictions, in 1748, The Earl of Hope-
TOUN claimed for the Regality of St. Andrew's, South of the Forth, £1500. In
1543, the Family of Dundas, of Craig ton, obtained the estate of New Liston, whose
descendants enjoyed it, till the Revolution ; when it was carried into the Noble
Family of Dalrymple, by Elizabeth, the Daughter of Sir John Dundas, who
married the second Viscount of Stair: in 1703, he was created Earl of Stair,
and with other titles. Lord New-Liston. New-Liston, now a Seat of The Earl
of Stair, is -a most delightful place; the pleasure grounds and policies, nearly
three miles in circumference, were entirely laid down on the plan of the cele-
brated John Earl of Stair, Field Marshal, who retired to this estate, where he
died in 1747, and was buried in Kirk-Liston Church, without a Memorial. The
remarkable antique inscribed Monument, called The Cat-stane, is situate on the
Farm of that name in this Parish : near which, according to Buchanan and
VOL. 11. G g
KIR
other Historians, a bloody battle was fought in the year 995, between Kenne-
THUs, natural lirother, and Commander of the Forces of Malcolm the Second,
King of Scotland, and Constantine, the Usurper of that Crown, in which both
the Generals were killed. In 1593, the Parsonage, and the Vicarage of Kirk-
Liston were dissolved by Act of Parliament.
KIRK LONAN, v. LONAN.
KIRK-MABRECK, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., and a glebe: the manse, which is
delightfully situate on the side of the Bay, about a mile and a half below Cree-
town, is in tolerable repair : Patrons, The Crown, and John Macculloch, Esq., of
Barholin : The Church is in good condition. It is in the Presbytery of Wigtown,
and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
(including the Ferry-town of Cree) was 1212, and, in 1811, was 1322. It is
\\ m. S. b. E. from Creetown. This Parish, which comprehends part of the
ancient Parish o{ Kirk-Dale, is 8 miles in length, and about 4 miles in breadth,
stretching along the Eastern side of Wigtown Bay, and the river Cree. The
surface has in general a mountainous appearance ; but the vallies are well adapted
for culture, and by the industry of the inhabitants, and the vicinity of inexhaustible
treasures of sea-shells, have been rendered very fertile, either for pasturage or
tillage. The great Military road, from Carlisle to Port-Patrick, passes through
the Parish, and presents the most beautiful and diversified scenery in the South
of Scotland. Game, of all kinds, are abundant. The climate, though rainy, is
particularly healthy. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together
with School-fees : Besides which, there are several private Schools. Peats are
the principal article of fuel, of which there arc abundance of the best quality:
coals are imported from England. This Parish is famous foran excellent granite,
of which immense quantities are exported. Kirk-Dale House, the eleg.ant Man-
sion of Sir Samuel Hannav, Bart., of Mochdriim, is built of this stone. Barholm
is the beautiful Seat of John Macculloch, Esq. The Church of Kirk-Mal)reck,
which formerly stood in a brake near the banks of the Bay, was removed many
years ago to Creetown, where it now stands ; but the inhabitants still continue
to bury at the old Church. Tlie most memorable place of antiquity is called
Cairn Holy, or Tlie Holy Cairn, from a tumulus, which, according to tradition,
was raised over the Bishop of Whitehorn, who was there slain in an engagement
with the English, in 1150,
KIRK-MAHOE, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend
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ofwliicli, in 1811, was £150., and £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements: llie
manse was built in 1723: the glebe consists of about 8 acres : Patron, The
Marquis of Queensberry : The Church is ancient. It is in the Presbytery of Dum-
fries, and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
(including the Villages of Z>a/s«mtott, and Duncow} was 1315, and, in 1811,
was 1464. It is 4 m. N. from Dumfries. The surface, in the Northern and
Eastern parts, is hilly and rugged, producing coarse sheep pasture ; and the
remainder is of a mossy nature ; but considerable improvements in agriculture
have been introduced here, especially by the example of the late Mr. Johnston,
of Carnsalloch. Planting also has become an object of attention, and there are
now several hundred acres covered with different sorts of trees. The Roads, and
Bridges, are in excellent repair. The Salary of the Parochial School, including
the interest of some mortified money, is upwards of £18., together with School-
fees, which amount to about £8. more.
KIRK-MAIDEN, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown : for-
merly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1806, was £105. in money, £8. .6.. 8.
for Communion elements, 8 bolls of meal, and 8 bolls of bear. County measure :
the man.se is in decent repair : the glebe is considerably short of the legal extent :
Patron, The Earl of Stair: On the Farm of Tlie Mull, are the remains of the
Old Church, which is supposed to have been dedicated to The Virgin Mary ;
the present Church is more central, and was built in 1633. It is in the Presby-
tery of Stranraer, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of this Par-
ish, in 1801, was 1613, and, in 1811, was 1719. It is 15 ra. S E. b. S. from Port
Patrick. This Parish is the most South-Westerly district in the Kingdom, occupy-
ing the extremity of that Peninsula, which is termed The Rinns or Rhyns of Gal-
lotcay : it is about 10 miles in length, and about 2 miles in breadth. The general
appearance is hilly ; but a great part of the flat ground is arable, and produces
excellent crops. The coast, particularly near The Point of Mull, the ancient
Novantum Chersonesus, is bold and rocky : but, on each side, there are several
safe anchoring places, especially at Mary Port, Drummore, Curgie, Kilstay, and
Port Nessock. The shore produces great abundance of sea-weed; and samphire
grows in considerable plenty among the precipices. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and £2..8..0.
Sterling, from a mortified fund, for educating 12 poor Boys. Near the Northern
extremity of the Parish, there is another School , with a Salary of about a guinea,
and £1..12.,0. Sterliiig, from the same mortified fund, for teaching 8 poor Boys.
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And, in the Winter, there is generally a third School, without any Salary, at
the Southern extremity of the Parish. Free-stone, and whin-stone, abound every
where ; and there are valuable Quarries of slate. The climate is pure, and
wholesome. The roads are in good repair. Fuel is scarce. There is great
abundance, and variety of Fish upon the coast. Among the many Forts of the
Selgova, according to Mr. Chalmers, in this country, that which is now called
Driimmore Castle, and is situate on an eminence, above Drummore, was the
largest, the strongest, and the most important: and from its position, and struc-
ture, it seems to have been calculated for a permanent strength, where the
SelgovfP, no doubt, had a Town ; and that this was the Caerbantorigum of
Ptolomey, and of Richard of Cirencester.
KIRK MALEW, v MALEW, ST.
KIRK MAROWN, in The Isle of Man. This is an inland Parish, at the dis-
tance of 5 m. W. b. N. from Douglas : the Church is situate on its Southern side.
Its Resident Population, in 1792, was 842.
KIRKMAUGHOLD, iuThelsLEofMAN: The Church stands on a very
lofty Promontory, in the centre of a Church-yard, which contains not less than
five acres, and is interspersed with a great variety of ancient and modern grave-
stones. The Resident Population of this Parish, (exclusive of the Town of
Ramsay), in 1792, was 759. It is 4 m. E. S. E. from Ramsay. It is situate
upon the sea-coast, and, notwithstanding its former celebrity, is now" the most
poor and lonely Village in the Island. The name is derived from one of the
early Bishops of the Island. Here is the lofty Mountain of (SHo^e/t/, from the
summit of which the prospect is sublime and beautiful beyond conception : it
has been termed the centre of the British Dominions in Europe : and situate in
the 54° of North Latitude, and 4° of West Longitude, it commands an extensive
view of the Mountains of Galloway, in Scotland ; of Cumberland and Lanca-
shire, in England; of Caernarvonshire in Wales ; and, of Arklow, in Ireland.
KIRK-MICHAELj in the District of Carrick, and Shire of Ayr : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 48 bolls of meal, and £'65..15..0.
Sterling in money : the manse is in good repair : the glebe consists of 14 acres :
Patron, The Crown : an excellent and commodious Church was built in 1787.
It is in the Presbytery of Ayr, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1119, and, in 1811, was 1593. It is 1|
ra. E. b. S. from Maybole. This Parish contains about 10,000 acres ; of which,
about 1500 are under tillage, the remainder being under meadow, pasture, and
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woods. The surface is mounlainoiis. The climate is rainy, but not unhealthy.
The public roads are excellent. It is watered by the rivers Girvan, and /)oon :
the latter of wiiich is well adapted for manufactures. Free-stone, and lime-stone,
are abundant ; but coals have not yet been discovered. The Salary of the
Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, together with School-fees, and a
garden.
KIRK-MICHAEL, in the Shire of Banff : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of
which, in 1811 , was £68..6..8. Sterling, with £"10. Sterling allowed by The Duke
of Gordon for a House ; the glebe, manse and garden, occupy a space of between
9 and 10 acres of indifferent land ; no grass is annexed, except a share of the
common hill pasture ; and it lies at the distance of three computed miles from the
moss, to which the road is bad : Patron, The Earl of Seafiekl : The Church was
built in 1747. It is in the Presbytery of Aber-Nethy, and Synod of Moray. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1332, and, in 1811, was 1386.
It is 8 ra. E. S. E. from Grantown. The whole Parish, exclusive of the Forest
of Glen- Avon, Glen-Builg, and the hill pasture belonging to the Davoch of
Delnabo, which is the property of The Earl of Seafield, contains 29,500 acres ;
of which, little more than 1550 are arable. The soil varies with the appearance
of the country ; being loamy and mossy in the low grounds, and more gravelly
the nearer it approaches to the summits ofthe mountains. Limestone, freestone,
and marie, are found in every part of the Parish. The winters here are always
cold and severe, while the summers are seldom warm and genial. The Forest
of Glen- Avon, which is eleven miles in length, and between three and four miles
in breadth, contains many green spots, and during four months of the summer
and autumn, affords pasture for a thousand head of cattle : it is the property of
The Dnke of Gordon. The Forest of Glen-Builg, which is also the property of
The Duke of Gordon, is about 5 miles in length, and between 2 and 3 miles in
breadth. In many ofthe Grampian mountains are found those beautiful stones,
called Cairn Gorm Stones. There are two Schools ; a Society one at the Vil-
lage of Tomintoii I or Tammtoul, with a Salary of £'13..10..0. ; and a Parochial
one at Tamch- Laggan, with the usual legal Salary. A superstitious regard is
still paid to particular times and seasons by the inhabitants of this Parish. At
Camdale, in the upper end of it, there was formerly a Chapel of Ease, which
was dedicated to St. Bridget. See, Burgh-Head.
KIRK-MICHAEL, in the Shire of Cromarty: formerly a Vicarage, with the
Parishes of Cullicudden and Easter St. Martin's united, about the end of the
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Seventeenth century : the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £29..8..10. Sterling in
money, 4 chalders of barley, and 4 chalders of oat-meal : the manse is very
small, and improperly situate on swampy ground, below a brae : the glebe con-
sists of 25 acres of poor arable soil, and 6 acres of barren stony moor: Patron,
Mrs. Urquhart, o( Bradang well and Netc/iall : The Church is neat, and com-
modious. It is in the Presbytery of Chanonry, and Synod of Ross. The Resident
Population of the United Parishes, in 1792, was 1234, and, in 1811, was 1168.
It is 7-i m. N. N. W. from Fortrose. This Parish extends along the South side
of the Firth of Cromarty, and is nearly 8 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth.
The soil is various ; but is chiefly a light black loara, on a cold gravelly clay:
and agriculture is quite in its infancy here. The Salary of the Parochial School,
which is situate at the East end of the Parish, is 300 merks, together with School-
fees, and perquisites. The Society for propagating Christian Knowledge have
also established a School, at the Western extremity, for spinning, knitting
stockings, and reading English, with a Salary of £7. Rich shell-marle, and
free-stone, abound here. The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair. There
are numerous ancient encampments : And, on the shore of Cullicudden, is a
Building that has the appearance of great antiquity, called The Castle of
Craighouse; about 200 years ago, the Castle, with the lands adjoining, be-
longed to the Williamsons, of Craighouse : the Representative of which Family
lately died a Count, in Germany. The Castle and Lands of Craighouse, after-
wards became the property, and occasional residence, of the Bishops of Ross,
and are now a part of tiie Estate of Newhall. There are seven Heritors ; of
whom, Mrs. Urquhart, of Braclangicell and Neuhall; and George Gun
Monro, Esq., of Poynferjield, are resident, and have added much to the beauty
and value of their estates, by inclosures and extensive plantations. A small
part of this Parish extends into the County of Ross. See, Cromarty, and
Netchall.
KIRK-MICHAEL, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Vicarage, with
the ancient Parish of Garrel united: the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
£150. , together with £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements: the manse is a cold,
uncomfortable dwelling : the glebe consists of about 14 acres, of high lying land,
together with a garden : The Marquis of Quecnsberry is Patron of t'le old Parish
of Kirk-Michael, by a Charter from the Crown ; but, as the Patronage of the
old Parish of Garrel is not in that Charter, and as Garrel was a Mensal Ch'irch
of tlic Archbishopritk of Glasgow, the Crown claims the right of biding Vice-
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Patron of the United Parishes: The Church, which is dedicated to Si. Michael,
has been considerably enlarged by a decreet of the Court of Session, and the
Chiirch-yard surrounded \vith a gooil stone and lime wall, and coped with free-
istone. It is in the Presbytery of Lochraaben, and Synod of ]^unifries. The
Resident Population of the United Parish, in 1801, was 904, and, in 1811, was
1035. It is 7 in. N. W. from Lochmaben. This Parish is about 10 miles in
length, and 4 miles in breadth : the Upper or North-West part is hilly, and
chiefly covered with heath, except only a few spots of arable ground on the sides
of the river Ae, and the rivulet called Glenhill-Burn : the Lower or South-East
partis in general plain and very fertile, but interspersed with several rising
grounds that are covered with heath, and some large peat mosses which supply
the Inhabitants with fuel. Besides nearly 200 acres of natural Wood, there are
some extensive Plantations : but the wood, called Knock- Wood, in the Barony
of Ross, having been cut down some years ago, sufficient care was not after-
wards taken to protect the young shoots from the sheep and cattle in the neigh-
bourhood. Game, of various kinds, are abundant. The climate, though moist,
is remarkably healthy. There are two Lochs ; one of which, of about two or
three acres in extent, is apparently very deep, but without fish of any sort ; and
in the other, which contains ten or twelve acres, are great numbers of pike,
and eels, though not so numerous as to serve the neighbouring inhabitants as an
article of food. There are several indistinct remains of ancient fortifications ;
but there are no traditionary accounts about any other than a small Fort in
the Knock- Wood, called Wat-lace's House, said to have been thrown up by
Sir William Wallace, after he had slain Sir Hugh of Mor eland, and five of
his men, at a place still named, from that event, the Sax Corses, i. e. The Siv
Corpses ; and where there are two or three large stones, which seem to have
been set up in remembrance of some such transaction. A branch of the
great Roman Road, that led from Nethcrby in Cumberland to the chain of
Forts built by Lollius Ukbicus, between the Forth and the Clyde, may still
be traced through a mosss, and seems to have terminated at a Castelliim,
which is now the Minister's garden, and of which two sides still remain very
distinct. Near this line of Road, in a small piece of peat moss, a pi3tty large
pot, of a sort of base copper, and a vase of the same metal, both supposed
to be Roman, were discovered a few years ago, and are now in the Museum of
The Society of Antiquaries of Edinburgh.
KIRK MICHAEL, in The Isle of Man : The Church is dedicated to Tfie
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Arch- Angel. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1792, was 1003. It
is 8 m. N.N. E. from Peel. This Village is pleasantly situate near the Sea-
shore ; and almost contiguous to it, is the Village of Glen- William. Opposite
the entrance of the Church-yard, is a lofty pillar of blue stone, figured over with
Rvnic characters, and devices curiously involved with each other, from the base
to the summit ; and which is supposed to have been erected in honour of Thu-
RULF, a Norwegian hero. Near the Eastern end of the Church, is the Tomb-
stone of Bishop Wilson : This venerable Prelate, after a life of exemplary piety
and benevolence, died on the 7th of March 1755, in the 93d year of his age, and
in the 58th year of his Consecration : And the very modest inscription, prefixed
by his Son, Dr. Wilson, late Dean of St. Paul's, concludes with,
" Letthis Island speak the rest !"
KIRK-MICHAEL, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £55.. 11. .l^-, including £8. .6.. 8. for Communion elements,
and £102.. 15. .6:^. by Parliamentary augmentation : the manse is in good repair:
the glebe consists of 4 acres of indifferent arable land, and a steep sand bank for
pasture: Patron, James Farquharson, Esq., o( Invercmdd: The Church, which
was built in 1792, is sufficiently large and commodious. It is in the Presbytery
of Dunkeld, and Synod of Perth and Stirling. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 1568, and, in 1811, was 1460. It is 12^ m. N. W. from
Blair-Gowrie. The Market is on Friday. There are three annual Fairs holden
within the Parish; one of them at Kirk -Michael, called The Michaelmas Market,
and two at The Spital of Glen Shee. This Parish is 17 miles in length, and
from 6 to 7 miles in breadth ; comprehending the greater part of Strath Ardle,
the whole of Glen Shee, and a District lying at the lowerextremity of that Glen,
on the West side of the river, called Black- Wafer, which gives name to the
country through which it flows. The soil on the banks of the Ardle, is thin and
dry, yielding light crops ; in the higher grounds, it is wet and spongy, and un-
friendly to vegetation ; and indeed, the greater part of the Parish is more adapted
to pasturage than to tillage. The climate is cold, but not unhealthy. The fuel
generally used, is peat and turf. Lime-stone is plentiful. The great Military
road, from Cupar of Angus to Fort George, passes along the Black- Water, and
through Glen Shee. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 mcrks Scotch,
and perquisites. Various old Customs are still preserved here. Some Services
are exacted. There are several cairns, and Druidical circles. By a Letter
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from Tlis Grace The Duke of Athol lo The Commissioners for Highland
Roads and Bridges, dated the 28th of April 1809, it appears, that the Bridge
at this place over the Ferry being now completed, " I beg leave," continues
His Grace, " to submit to The Honourable Board, that the forming of two lines
of road, under the direction of the Board, and upon the principle of a moiety of
the expense being defrayed by individuals, would tend greatly to the improve-
ment of the Centre Highlands, and to the Public Utility as connected with the
Bridge here. — The first line I have to submit to your consideration, begins at the
Bridge of Kynachom (over the river Tumel), keeping on the South side of the
Lake of that name, passing the river by a Bridge which might be made at a
small expense near the foot of the Lake, and joining the Road at the present
Bridge over the Garry, thereby forming a junction with the Military Road to
Inverness, fifteen miles above Dunkeld. This line would open a tract of High-
land country, the Inhabitants of which are at present obliged to take a very cir-
cuitous route ; and this line, I conceive, might afterwards be protracted so as to
open (along Loch Rannocli) the easiest communication with the West High-
lands. — The other line I have to submit, is meant to give a communication to
Highland Glens, North of Dunkeld, by making a road from the village of Kirk-
Michael in Strath Ardle to Dowally, which is five miles above Dunkeld ; at
present no passable road (for a cart even) exists in this direction under a detour
of more than double the distance, which, by a proper line, would not exceed tea
miles." — In consequence of His Grace's request, The Commissioners directed
Mr. Telford to examine this line, and it is reported to be very practicable ; but,
for extensive utility, it ought to form a junction with the Braemar Road, a few
miles South of the Spitalof Glen Shee, whereby cattle coming from the Shire of
Aberdeen, and even from the East coast of the Shire of Ross, and from Inverness,
would turn down Strath Ardle, and travel by Dunkeld to Crieff through an open
and grazing country, saving ten or twelve miles in distance, and the inconvenience
of passing through an inclosed and populous District. These considerations
have been submitted to His Grace The Duke of Athol, and this important ob-
ject may be expected to be soon completed. See, Moulin.
KIRK-MIRREN, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Chapel of
Ease, now comprehended in the Parish of Kelton. It is 6 m, S. S. E. from
Castle-Douglas.
KIRKNESS, V PORTMOAK.
KIRK-NEWTON, in the Shire of Edinburgh : formerly a Rectory, united
VOL 11. • H h
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in 1750 to the Rectory of East Calder: the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
105 bolls of victual, one-half meal, and the other barley, with £48. Sterling of
money, besides a good manse, and a glebe of 7 acres of rich arable land, which
has been inclosed by The Rev. William Cameron, the Incumbent : Patrons,
by turns, The Duke of Buccleugh, and The Earl of Morton, formerly the sepa-
rate Patrons of East Calder, and Kirk-Newton : A new Church was lately built
for the United Parish, in a central situation ; to which was given the appropriate
name o^ Kirk-Newton, \o distinguish it from the neighbouring village o^ East
Newton. It is in the Presbytery of Edinburgh, and Synod of Lothian ant/ Tweed-
dale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1071, and, in 1811,
was 1300. It is 2| m. E. from Mid Calder. This Parish is about 6 miles in
length, and 4 miles in breadth : it is bounded on the North by the river Amon^
and, on the South, by the water of Leith. The surface towards the South is
hilly ; but, towards the North and East, it becomes level and fertile ; great num-
bers of sheep are fed in the hills, and the low lands are mostly inclosed, and
well cultivated. Here is plenty of lime, of excellent quality. The air is re-
markably pure, and healthy. The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair. The
Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and
perquisites, and a rood of land. Meadouhank is the beautiful seat of The Right
Honourable Allan Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank, one of the Lords of Ses-
sion, and is surrounded by extensive Plantations. Ormiston- Hill was formerly
the estate of the celebrated William Cullen, M. D. ; he died on the lith of
October 1790, and is interred in the Church-yard here.
KIRK-OSWALD, in the District of Carrick, and Shire of Ayr: formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was .43 bolls 1 firlot of meal, 20 bolls
3 firlots of bear, and £'55.. 5.. 2. Sterling in money, with £8.. 6.. 8. Sterling for
Communion elements : the manse, and offices, were built in a very neat and con-
venient style, in 1770 : the glebe consists of 4 acres of arable land, and 1^ acre
of natural meadow: Patron, The Crown : The Church was re-built in a hand-
some and commodious manner, in 1777. It is in the Presbytery of Ayr, and
Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 1679, and, in 1811, was 1689. It is 4 m. SW. b. W. from Maybole. This
Parish contains about 11,000 Scotch acies, stretching along the coast of the
Atlantic Ocean ; where the soil is a rich loam, with a mixture of clay, and
abundantly fertile : the mountainous district being appropriated to the pasturage
of sheep. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, togplher
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with School-fees and perquisites, and a School-house, and garden. The air is
pure, and salubrious. All personal services arc entirely abolished, except tho
leadino- of a stipulated quantity of coals. The great road, from Ayr to Port-
Patrick, passes through the Village, where changes of Post-horses may be ob-
tained. Several Plantations have lately been made here, which are in a flourishing
condition. Upon a small Promontory in the Barony of Turnberry, now the pro-
perty of The Earl of Cassillis, are the ruins of the famous Castle of Turnberry,
the ancient seat of the Earls of Caruick. In 1274, Martha, Countess of Carrick,
resided here, and was in that year married to Robert Bruce, Earl of Annan-.
DALE ; from whence sprung the Kings of Scotland, of the Stewart race. In
1306, it was holden by an English garrison, under Earl Percy ; but it was after-
wards stormed, and destroyed, by King Robert Bruce. The situation of this
Castle is most delightful, having a full prospect of the whole Firth of Clyde: its
ruins, as they now lie, cover an acre of ground. Mr. Grose has preserved a view
of it. The Abbey of Cross Regal or Cross-Raguel is situate two miles East
from the village, and was founded by Duncan Earl of Carrick, in 1244, for
monks of thft Clnniac Order. The last Abbot of this place was Quintin Kennedy,
brother to The Earl of Cassillis : the famous George Buchanan had afterwards
£500. Scotch paid to him yearly from this Abbey, which gave him occasion to
denominate himseM Pensionariiis tie Crosragmol: both the Temporalities and
Spiritualities of this Abbey were annexed to the Bishoprick of Dumblane, in
1617, by James the Sixth. It is the most entire Abbey in the West of Scotland,
and stands in the middle of 8 acres of ground, commonly called The Abbot's
Yard, or Precinct of Cross-Regal: it belongs to the Chapel Royal, and is let in
tack to the family of KUlkerran, who subset it to one of the tenants of the rich
and extensive Barony o( Baltersan, in the center of which it stands : this ruin is
preserved with great care and attention, the tenants not being allowed on any
account whatever, to take down and use any stone from the Abbey. Mr. Grose
has preserved three views of it. About half a mile to the South-East of Cidlean,
is the House or Castle of Ttiomaston, which, according to tradition, was built by
a nephew of Robert Bruce, in 1335: it has been exceedingly strong, and of
very considerable extent: it is uninhabited, and is now the property of The Earl
of Cassillis. Cidlean Castle , the. seat of The Earl of Cassillis, was built in
1777, after a plan of Mr. Robert Adam, Senior: this noble edifice is situate
upon a perpendicular rock overlooking the sea, and commanding a most exten-
sive prospect : the policies contain about 700 acres, interspersed with flourishing^
H h 2
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plantations, laid out with great taste and judgment. Near to the Castle, and
immediately under some of the buildings, are the extensive Caves of Cullean.
KIRK-OWEN, in the District of Machers, and Shire of Wigtown : formerly
a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150.: the manse is in decent
repair: the glebe consists of more than the legal extent: Patron, Agncw, of
Barnbarrotc: The Church is in tolerable condition. It is in the Presbytery of
Wigtown, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 787, and, in 1811, was 1006. It is 7| m. N. W. from Wig-
town. This Parish is about 15 miles in length, and from one to seven miles in
breadth : the surface is partly moor-land, and partly arable ; but the soil is poor
and thin, and is better adapted for pasturage than for culture. The Roads are
in good repair. It is watered by the rivers Bladenoch, and Tarf, which unite
in the Parish, and which abound with fish. Game is in plenty here.
KIRK PATRICK, in The Isle of Man : This Church was erected in 1710,
and, with many others, is owing to the Religious zeal and exertions of the late
Bishop Wilson. It is 2| m. S. from Peel. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1792, was 2153. Near this, is the beautiful and romantic valley of
Glen- May.
KIRK-PATRICK DURHAM, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly
a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'150., and a glebe: the manse
and offices, are in good repair: Patron, The Crown: The Church is in good
condition. It is in the Presbytery, and Synod, of Dumfries. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, was 1007, and, in 1811, was 1156. It is 5| ni.
N. from Castle-Douglas. This Parish is about 9 miles in length, and from
3 to 4 miles in breadth, stretching along the Eastern bank of the river Urr. The
Northern part of the Parish is, in a very large proportion, covered with heath ;
being appropriated to the pasturage of black cattle and sheep, and abounding
with game : the Southern part is inclosed, and almost entirely arable, but the
soil is thin and sandy. Agriculture here is much indebted to the patriotic
example and exertionrs of The Rev. Dr. Lamont : though this spirit is con-
siderably checked, and the progress of improvement very much retarded, by
" a severe servitude" laid on a great part of the Parisli, in consequence of an
astriction to the Mill of Loch Patrick : this, after a deduction of seed and horse
corn, amounts to about the Twelfth part of the whole crop, produced on each
farm, within the limits of the astriction: "this is a burdensome, and most oppres-
sive taxation : the farmers loudly complain of it ; and though their complaints
KIR
are not heard, yet they seem to be reasonable." The air is extremely pure, and
healthful. The Salary of the Parochial School is !jOO merks, together with School-
fees, a free house, and the interest of a mortification of nearly £300. Slerlmg.
A Society has been instituted here, called " The Sijmpalketic Society of Kirk-
Patrick Durham ;" the intention of which is, to provide a source of relief for the
sick, and the old, for widows and orphans, and has very deservedly met with
encouragement. A considerable Fair is annually holden here, on the lastTluirs-
day of March ; and, some years ago, horse races were established, which have
given a great degree of publicity to the place ; these are numerously attended
by the Nobility and Gentry, and the Sports of the day are always concluded by
a Ball in the Evening, in an Assembly-room lately built in the Village, and
which is fitted up in a superior style of elegance and accommodation. The Pub-
lic Roads are in tolerable repair. Peats are very abundant.
KIRK-PATRICK FLEEMING, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a
Vicarage, with the ancient Parishes of Irving, and Kirk-Connel united: the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £60. in money, together with £8..6..8. for
Communion elements, and 5 chalders of A^ictual, one-half of which is payable in
oat-meal, and the other in barley : the manse, and offices, are in tolerable con-
dition : the glebe consists of 5|^ acres, and 14 acres of moor, which, The Rev.
Alexander Monelaws, the Incumbent (in 1794), has inclosed and improved at
a considerable expense: Patrons, The Earl of Hopetoun, and Sir William
Maxwell, Bart., o( Springkell, by turns : The Church is in good condition. It
it is in the Presbytery of Annan, and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Popu-
lation of the United Parish, in 1801, was 1544, and, in 1811, was 1664. It is 7
m.W. b, N, from Longtown. This Parish contains about 9000 Scotch acres,
and is, in several parts, in a high state of cultivation, and covered with thriving
Plantations. The impolitic astriction to the Mills are happily abolished in all
the farms, except two, which are astricted to the mill of Kirk-Patrick, The
climate is rather moist, but healthful. Both the Public, and Private Roads are
in excellent repair. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch,
together with the usual School-fees, and some small perquisites, and £5. per
annum mortified by the late Dr. Graham, of Moss-Knoic, and for which the
Master is to educate eight poor children. Free-stone, and lime-stone of an ex-
cellent quality, are abundant. There are four mineral Springs in the Parish ;
which, although not hitherto generally known, havefrom time immemorial, been
frequented by the neighbourhood, and justly celebrated for their Medicinal vir-
K I ]l
tues, especially The Branteth Well, yv\i\c\\ is of a strong sulphureous quality;
the other three are all of the Chalybeate kind, and do not differ considerably
from each other, with respect to the qualities of their waters. This Parish still
exhibits niai'ks of having been frequently, in former times, the scene of action:
of this kind, a circumstance occurred in the Family of the Fleemings, which, on
account of the bravery and courage displayed by the determined and resolute
band, may justly be compared with the most Ilhistrioas actions of antiquity. The
Family of the Fleemings, who seem to have been more distinguished for their
gallant defence of their native confine, and nobly repelling a foreign foe, than
that predatory manner of life, which in these times was styled the spirit and joy
of the Borders, in the Thirteenth and beginning of the Fourteenth Centuries,
possessed certain lands in this Parish, by the tenure of defending them at all
times against the English. Their chief Seat and Castle was at Red-Hall. Tiiis
Tower, towards the conclusion of the reign of John Baliol, in one of Edward's
incursions into Scotland, was attacked by an English army, against which it
held out three days, though occupied only by Thirty of these brave Fleemings,
wlio defended it to the last extremity ; and who, rather than survive its destiny,
or live to see their habitation in the hands of the English, diose all to expire
in the flames. Not a vestige of this Tower now remains ; the place only where it
formerly stood being pointed out. Two other Towers, at a moderate distance,
and both within view, are likewise said to have belonged to the Fleemings : of
these, the one at Holm-Head, in this Parish, was only demolished a few years
ago : the other at Stone-House, the property of The Earl of Mansfield, is partly
standing ; and though at present comprehended within the limits of Graitney
Parish, yet, from its standing directly upon the Border, there is the greatest
reason to think, that it also, in ancient times, formed a part of the Parish of
Kirk-Patrick Fleeming. There are several tumuli, along the South bank of the
river. On the estate of Cove, belonging to Mr. Irving, is a large artificial Cave :
and in a moss there, a piece of gold inscribed with the v/ord Helenus, was dis-
covered some years ago. The old Tower of Woodhouse, though not inhabited
for many years past, is still standing : this is reported to have been the first
House in Scotland, to which Robert Bruce came, when flying from Edward
Longshanks : from thence, he carried one of the sons of the Family of Irving,
then in possession of it, whom he afterwards made his Secretary ; and who, hav-
ing attended him in all his troubles and prosperity, to his death, was created a
Knight ; and, as a reward for his fidelity and services, was presenled with the
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lands of Tlie Forest of Drum: and, in a branch of the same Family, it still re-
mains. A little to the Northward of this Tower, stands the Cross oi Merkland:
it is an octagon of solid stone, 9 feet high, and is elegantly sculptured : the time
and occasion of its erection are uncertain, but the following appears to be pro-
bable ; — In 1483, The Duke of Albany, and Earl of Douglas, who, for some
time, had been exiles in England, wishing to learn the disposition of their coun-
trymen towards them, made an incursion into their native land, went to Loch-
maben, and plundered the Market there. In the mean time, a Master of Max-
well, son of Baron Maxwell, of Caerlaveroc, upon whom the Wardenship of
the Borders had devolved, in consequence of his father's imprisonment in Eng-
land, receiving intelligence of this affair, assembled his friends and dependants,
to repel and chastise the insolence of these Rebels. He came up with them at
Bnrnsteark, where the action commenced, and was fought to Kirk-Connel, when
Douglas was taken prisoner, (and finished his life in the Convent of Lindores^,
but The Duke of Albany made his escape. Having now recovered the booty,
and obtained a complete victor*,', he was pursuing the broken remains of the hos-
tile army ; and being wearied with the fatigues of the engagement, and the
wounds which he is said to have received in battle, was supporting himself with
his spear, when a person of the name of Gas, from the Parish of Cummertrees,
who had fought under him in the engagement, coming up, thrust him through ;
in revenge of a sentence, which Maxwell, as Master Warden of the Marches,
had passed upon a cousin of his. And this Cross is said to have been erected upon
the spot where the execrable deed was committed, to perpetuate its remem-
brance to posterity. Here the late eminent Physician, James Currie, was born in
1756 : and, after receiving a proper education at Dumfries School, he was sent
to Virginia in a Commei'cial capacity. The intricacies of Commercial business,
however, had no attraction for him, and he returned with eagerness to study
medicine at Edinburgh, where, after three years residence, he took his degree
ofM. D. He settled at Liverpool, and acquired deserved celebrity, not only
from his practice, but the candour and benevolence of his heart, his classical
taste, and his general information. He afterwards removed to Bath, on account
of ill health, and died at Sidmouth, in Devonshire, on the 31st of August 1805.
Dr. Currie was well known as the author of a Letter, commercial and political,
to Mr. Pitt, published under the assumed name of Jasper fVilson, in 1793,
which passed through several editions, and attracted much of the public atten-
tion from its own merits, and from the answers that were made to it. Besides
KIR
his medical reports on the effects of water, cold and warm, as a remedy in fe-
brile diseases, he wrote some valuable Papers in the Manchester Transactions,
the Collections of the London Medical Society, and The Philosophical Trans-
actions: And he also edited Burns's Poems in 1800, with a pleasinsr account of
the Poet's life, and a learned criticism on his Writings. See, Graitney, and
Kirk- Coimel.
KIRK-PATRICK IRONGRAY, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : for-
merly a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., and a manse, and
glebe : Patrons, Mr. Ferguson, of Craigdarroch, and Mr. Oswald, of Auchen-
criiive, by turns : The Church is ancient. It is in the Presbytery, and Synod, of.
Dumfries. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 730, and, in
1811, was 841. It is 5 m. N W. b. W. from Dumfries. This Parish is about
9 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth, stretching along the Southern bank
of the river Nith. The soil, though not very deep, is generally dry, and of a
kindly nature : on both sides of the river Cluden, there is a tract of low land ;
but, to the Northward and Westward of that winding stream, there rises a
Mountain, called Tfie Bishops Forest, which is partly skirted with wood, and
partly cultivated to its summit. The climate is healthy. No services are paid
by the tenants in general. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, to-
gether with School-fees ; and the master is obliged to teach two years in a house
near the Church, and alternately other two years, three miles higher up the
Parish. Fuel is very scarce, and expensive. A. custom prevails all over this
country, of carrying the dead for interment to a distant Church-yard, if the an-
cestors of the desceased were buried there : and, in consequence, there are more
funerals here from other Parishes than from the Parish itself ; thoua:h the inhab-
itants follow the same custom, if they have burying-placcs elsewhere. Game,
of various kinds, is in plenty. Close to a romantic Water-fall which discharges
itself into the river Cairn, is an excellent stone Bridge of one arch, called The
Routing Bridge; evidently from the noise made by the water immediately
above it, and which constitutes a picturesque scene, that is much frequented.
KIRK-PATRICK JUXTA, in the Shire of Dumfrie- : formerly a Mensal
Church to the See of Glasgow : the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., to-
gether with £8. .6. .8. for Communion elements: the manse was built in 1788:
the glebe consists of more than the legal extent : Patron, The Earl of Hope-
toun, as Curator for The Marquis of Annandale : Tlie Church, which was built
about the year 1676, is ju tolerable repair. It is in the Presbytery of Lochmaben,
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and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
596, and, in 1811, was 821. It is 3^ m. S. from Moffat. This Parish is of a
triangular form, each side being about 8 miles in length: it is situate on the
South-West side of the river Annan. The general appearance is rather bleak,
interspersed with moss and niuir, and almost without inclosures : the soil is
shallow, but dry, and moderately fertile. At the Western extremity stands the
Mountain of Quecnsberry, whose summit is elevated about 3000 feet above the
level of the sea. The roads are in good repair. The air is rather moist, from
frequent rains from the South and South-West, but healthy, and free from agues.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with some small
Sehool-fees. The common fuel is peat, which is procured on almost every farm.
There are distinct vestiges of a Roman Road, leading from the great camp at
Burnswark in the Parish of Middlebie, to a small rectangular encampment in
this Parish, called !r«^«M«-i/o/m, where various fragments of earthenware, and
coloured glass, have been discovered. There are numerous Cairns ; and circular
inclosures upon the hills : and also several ruinous Towers, the most remark-
able of which is, Tlie Park o^ Achancas : the walls, which are about 150 feet
square, and, in some parts that are still standing, 20 feet high, are no less than
16 feet in thickness. This Parish comprehends the lands of White-Holm, in the
Shire of Lanark.
KIRK-PATRICK, NEW and OLD, r. KILL-PATRICK, EAST and
WEST.
KIRK-POTTIE, V. DUNBARNY.
KIRK-STYLE, v. RUTHWELL.
KIRKTOMIE, in the Shire of Sutherland : and in the Parish of Far. It is
8 m. E. b. N. from Far. This is a small Village, situate near the North sea ;
into which a lofty Promontory projects, from whence it takes its name.
KIRK-TOWN, in the District of Hawick, and Shire of Roxburgh : formerly
a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'150. ; the glebe contains about
5 acres ; the manse is in decent repair : Patron, The Crown ; The Church is an
old, incommodious edifice, and not sufficient to contain the Parishioners. It is
in the Presbytery of Jedburgh, and Synod of Merse o/ifZ Teviotdale. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 320, and, in 1811, was 287. It is
3 m. E. S. E. from Hawick. There is neither town nor village : but annexed to
each Farm-stead are a few Cottages, which are erected, in general, of turf and
Btone : the Inhabitants are poor and indolent, contented and frugal. From the
VOL II. I i
K I R
purity of the air, and the temperance of the Inhabitants, fewer diseases prevail
here than perhaps in any other part of Scotland. This Parish is 8 miles in
length, and from one to two miles in breadth. Though without any distinguished
Mountains, the face of the country presents a continued range of hills, separated
only by small rivulets, and gradually ascending from East to West. The soil,
in general, is dry, light, and shallow, and is chiefly adapted to the pasturage of
Sheep. The great Road, from Edinburgh to Newcastle, by Selkirk and Ha-
wick, passes through the middle of it. There are vestiges of some wood ; but,
at present, not a tree, and scarcely a bush is to be seen in the whole district.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with perquisites, and
a School-house, and Dwelling.
KIRK-TOWN-MAINS, v. DRYFE'S-DALE.
KIRK-URD, in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was only £66.. 13.. 10., and £3.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements,
together with a Manse, and a Glebe of 19 acres : Patron, Sir Thomas Gibson
Carmichael, Bart., of Skirling : The Church was rc-built in 1766, when it
was removed about half a mile Westward from its former situation ; around it
there is a piece of ground appropriated for burying ; but, though this Burial-
ground has now been opened for upwards of 30 years, the old Church-yard, for
various reasons, is still very much used : the manse, offices, and glebe, which
were formerly at a considerable distance from both Kirks, are now in the neigh-
bourhood of the new one : the manse, and offices, were all new built, in 1788 :
the greatest part of the new glebe has been inclosed by The Rev. David An-
derson with hedges, at his own expense. It is in the Presbytery of Peebles,
and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 327, and, in 1811, was 387. It is 5| m. S. b. W, from Linton,
and 22 m. S. S. W. from Edinburgh. This Parish contains, by actual survey,
6620 acres English measure ; of which, 600 are inclosed. The surface is
finely diversified, and the low or arable land bears almost an equal propor- .
tion in point of extent, to the high or sheep grounds. The soil is of dif-
ferent kinds : towards the small river Terth, it is mostly loam ; in one
large farm, is a rich clayey loam ; but the prevailing soil is gravel. Though
the air is sharp, it is pure and healthful. The highest Hill is Hell's
Cleugh, being 2100 feet above the level of the sea; and, on its summit, is
a small cairn, called The Pyked Slane, which is the boundary of the three
Parishes of Stobs, Broughton, and Kirk-Urd. The Mansion of Kirk-Urd
K I R
is a modern building, which was greatly Ijeaiitificd and improved by the
late worthy projn-ietor, John Earl of IIvndford, who left Kirk-Urd, and other
valuable estates, to his Grand-nephew, John Carmichael, ILsq., o( Skirlittf/.
Mr. Lawson has lately built at New Cairn- Mair ov Nelher-Urd, a large and
elegant House ; around which are several inclosurcs, and plantations of great
value. A few Services are still performed by the tenants. Two great Roads
pass through this Parish, one of them from Edinburgh to Moffat, the other,
lately made, from Peebles to Glasgow : they are upholden by road-makers, and
are kept in tolerable repair : the Statute labour was converted some years ago
by Act of Parliament. The Bridges are kept in excellent order. The School-
master's Salary is 300 merks, with a good House and Garden, and School-fees.
Near Kirk-Urd House is a copious sulphureous spring, similar to that at Har-
rowgale ; and which has been used with efficacy in several diseases. Coals,
peat, and turf, are all used here: and the tenants have a privilege of casting
peats in different mosses in the Parish of Linton, and consequently avail them-
selves of it. Until 1752, the large estate of Kirk-Urd was tliQ resident property
of Geddes, of Radian, for 1100 years ; while Rachan, from whence the title
was taken, is reported to have been in the possession of the Geddes's, for 1300
years. James Geddes, o{ Rachan, who was born in this Parish in 1710, was
educated for, and practised several years at the Bar, but died of a consumption
before he arrived at the age of 40 : He published an Essay on the Composition
and Manner of Writino- of the Ancients, and left behind him several other tracts.
In the Parks of Kirk-Urd are two small Mounts, called The Castle, and Lata:
they are surrounded with a dike of an irregular form : Mr. Gordon, in his
Itinerary, thinks them artilicial, but does not form any conjecture as to their
use. To the East of these is a circular fortification, upon an eminence near
Lady-Urd, called The Rings ; and another to the West, on the farm of Loch-
fW, called The Chesters ; hence they are supposed to have been a military
erection ; and a place, called Camp-rig-end, one mile South from the last of
these, farther confirms this idea. In the Mount-Hill, various antiquities have
been discovered. Hair-Stanes, so named, perhaps, from a few erect stones
arranged circularly, is said to have been a Druidical temple. In the immediate
neighbourhood, is the Kirk-Dean, and Temple Lands. Tliirlage is much com-
plained of here.
KIRKWALL, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate
in the Island of Pomona, and in the Shire of Orkney and Shetland : here are
li 2
K I n
two established Ministers, who officiate by turns in the Cathedral of S(. Magnus:
the Stipend of the First Minister, which is paid in malt, butter, and money, to-
gether with a manse, and a glebe, is upwards of £160. Sterling : the Stipend
of the Second Minister, which is paid in nearly the same articles, but who has
neither manse, nor glebe, is about £150. Sterling: These Stipends are paid
out of the cumulo rent of the Bishoprick : Patrons, The Magistrates, Town-
Council, and Community. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkwall, and Synod of
Orkney. The Resident Population of this Town, in 1801, was 1921, and, in
1811, was 1715. It is 327 m. N. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is
established here, with two arrivals and two departures weekly, when the state
of the Pentland Firth admits. An annual Fair is holden here, in the month of
August, which lasts about ten days. The ancient Town of Kirkwall stands on
the North side of an extensive plain, and towards the South- East side of the
Bay to which it gives name : it is divided by a little rivulet which runs through
the middle of it, and over which there is a stone Bridge of one Arch, into The
Old Touti, that bends along the Bay, and The Neiv Town that stretches a con-
siderable way to the Southward. The Old Town bears strong marks of great
Antiquity, the Streets being very narrow, and by no means either straight, or of
the same breadth throughout : the houses, instead of fronting the streets, are
built with their ends to them ; the roofs are very high and steep ; the doors and
windows are small in proportion to the size of the building ; and the rooms in
some of them are ill lighted, small, and irregular. This, however, is the case
only with those that have stood very long, or are very old, especially those on
the sea shore, or its vicinity ; for such as have been rebuilt, and particularly
those in The New Town, are in every respect different from the others, and are
as beautiful and commodious as those of the Towns in the other parts of the
Kingdom ; it consists of one street, nearly a mile long, with neat little gardens
attached to each house. Since the inti'oduction of the kelp manufacture into
Orkney, a great change has taken place in the state of Society in Kirkwall.
Country Gentlemen have thus acquired from their bleak estates, sums of money,
great beyond all former experience. This has gradually induced many of them
to abandon, especially during winter, their lonely and dreary habitations in the
Isles, and to draw together in Kirkwall, where they may not only enjoy Society,
but can command better education for their children. In dress, and polite beha-
viour, the superior class of Inhabitants in Kirkwall equal those of the South ; in
Hospitality they even excel. During winter, there are dancing assenablies and
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card assemblies, alternately, every week : and popular Lectures on Cliymislry
were lately delivered twice a week by Dr. Thomas Stewart Traill, a Medical
Gentleman of the place, but now of Liverpool, and the profits generously given to
the Poor. A Public Market for butchers' meat, fish, poultry, or other articles, is
much wanted ; and the Magistrate who shall first establish this great convenience,
will long be holden in esteem by the community at large. By a Memorial pre-
sented to The Commissioners for Highland Roads and Bridges, in the month
of March 1807, by Brigadier General John Randoll Mackenzie, Representa-
tive in Parliament for the District of Burghs, of which Kirkwall is one,
Malcolm Laing, Esq., one of the Magistrates of this Burgh, and Patrick
Fotheringhame, Town Clerk thereof, it appears, " That the chief trade of
the Orkney Islands centres in Kirkwall, which is the Custom-House Port, and
the only Royal Burgh in the whole County. Its trade consists in the exportation
of kelp, corn, butter, fish, skins, linen, platted straw, &c.: and in the importa-
tion of coals, wood, flax, groceries, manufactures, and other articles necessary
for the consumption of the County at large. Its shipping consists of vessels
from 60 to 160 tons burden ; and the Inhabitants amount to Two Thousand,
composed of merchants, manufacturers, mariners, artificers, and the Gentlemen
of the County, who reside mostly in Kirkwall, where the Courts of Justice are
also liolden.— The Burgh of Kirkwall is situate on the North side of a narrow
Isthmus in the Mainland of Orkney, between the Northern and Southern Islands,
and at the bottom of a deep Bay, to which cruisers, and vessels fishing on the
coast, are accustomed to resort : and vessels on their voyages to the Eastward
or Westward, particularly to or from the Baltic, are frequently obliged to run
for Kirkwall Roads from stress of weather, or for repairs or supplies. From its
local advantages, it has for some years past been progressively improving, and
it promises to 'become a flourishing Sea-Port Town. But the Bay is an open
Road-stead, exposed to the North and North- East winds, without any Pier or
Harbour for the protection of shipping, or the accommodation of trade. Vessels
are obliged to lie at anchor about a mile from the shore, and as boats are often
unable to approach the beach for many days, and in the Winter Season even
weeks are consumed in unloading and loading a single shij^, while the ves-
sels are constantly exposed to the danger of Shipwreck, of which frequent in-
stances have lately occurred. — The want of a Pier or Harbour, for lauding and
shipping commodities, operates as a discouragement, not only to the trade and
navigation of the place, but to the agricultural improvement of the County, in
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which there is little or no lime-stone, and no quantity can be imported with ad-
vantage without a Quay where it may be expeditiously unshipped. — The place
is, moreover, peculiarly and naturally adapted either for the formation of an
inner Harbour, or for the construction of a Pier. A narrow neck or tongue of
land of hard gravel runs across the bottom of the Bay, forming an outlet of the
Sea, with an opening at the further end where the Bason empties itself at low
Water, and through which the tide flows to the depth of five or six feet. By
cutting across the neck of land at its junction with the Town, and deepening a
part of the Bason with Jetty-heads without, an Inner Harbour would be formed
for the reception of vessels of 160 tons burden. — Or a Pier extending from
the same place Northward into the Bay, with a Jetty-head or Break- water
towards the North-East, would form at perhaps a cheaper rate an Harbour
equally secure and fully sufficient for the trade of the place. It is supposed,
that the sum not exceeding £'2500. would suffice the purpose ; and, as the Re-
venue Vessels frequent the Bay at all seasons of the year, a Pier or Harbour at
Kirkwall becomes an object of public utility, as well as the greatest local benefit
to one of the most remote and hitherto neglected portions of the British empire." —
By an additional Memorial, in April 1808, they state, that Mr. Telford's Esti-
mate of the Pier and excavation necessary for forming an Harbour amounts to
£3,106.. 10.. 10. Sterling. In their Fifth Report, of April 1811, The Commis-
sioners observe, " The Pier intended for the protection of the Road-stead at
Kirkwall in the Orkneys, has been carried on by Mr. George Burn with stea-
diness and effect, so that it is nearly finished ; and perhaps would have been taken
oft' the hands of the Contractor before now, had not the progress of the work proved
the necessity of extending the Pier 120 yards instead of 100 yards ; in order that the
Return Pier, which forms the New Harbour or Landing-Place, might be advan-
tageously placed on the natural Bar, which before produced an imperfect shelter.
The prolongation of the Pier was estimated at £662., and being evidently de-
desirable and proper. We have not hesitated to engage to pay a Moiety of that
Sum towards the expense. We have recently been informed that the Pier, in-
cluding the Return Pier, is finished, except the Parapet Wall and part of the
Can se way from the Town; and we have the satisfaction to learn from good
aulliority, that since June last, it has served every purpose in the loading and
unloading of Vessels that was expected or requisite, and aftbrdvS every accom-
modation to the trade of the Place." — The Country Parish, in the middle of
which the Town stands, is named St. Ola ; which, before the Cathedral of
KIR
St. Magnus became the ordinary place of worship, or even perhaps before its
fonndalion, had a Church a[)proprialed lo il, which it is well known stood near
the shore of the road or bay of Kirkwall. Around its site many of the houses
yet standing bear such evident marks of Anticjuity, that no doubt can be enter-
tained of their very early erection ; and these, perhaps, were some of the very
houses that, from their situation, had conferred ou them, as we learn from
ToRFiEUS, the name oi Kirkiovog or 77te Kirk on the Bay, a name afterwards
corrupted or converted into Kirkwall. Even in vei-y old times Kirkwall appears
to have been a place of no small consequence ; but the nature of its constitu-
tion, and the extent of its immunities and privileges, as enjoyed under a foreign
Government, we are in a great measure unacquainted with, by want of such
documents as might furnish us with information. Its being a place of much
note, gives us reason to believe that they must have been more than ordinary ;
and whatever they were, they were all, soon after the cession of the Islands,
confirmed to it by a Charter from the Scottish Sovereign James the Third,
erecting it into a Royal Borough, which was confirmed by two succeeding
Monarchs ; and the whole rights and advantages it conveyed, were at last so-
lemnly ratified by an Act of Parliament. The Govei'nment is in the hands of a
Provost, four Magistrates, a Dean of Guild, Treasurer, and fifteen other Mem-
bers, which together compose a Council, who meet at Michaelmas every year
for the purpose of alternately electing and being elected, and at other times to
collect and dispense the Public Funds, and transact the other branches of busi-
ness of the Community. Kirkwall, with the four Northern Royal Burghs, Wick,
Dornoch, Tain, am/ Dingwall, choose one Burgess to represent them in the
Imperial Parliament. In this Town, the Courts of the Sheriff, the Admiral, the
Commissary, and Justice of Peace, are also occasionally convened for the Ad-
ministration of Justice ; and for the cognizance and regulation of Ecclesiastical
matters, the three Presbyteries of which the Provincial Synod is composed, and
also the Synod itself, meet at least once a year, or oftener, according to circum-
stances. Here is also a Custom-house, and a Store-house, into which are col-
lected the rents, that are mostly paid in kind, of both the Bishoprick and Earldom ;
which arc generally let in lease to merchants, who sometimes dispose of
them here, and sometimes send them out of the country. The Town-House,
supported on pillars, and foi»ming a Piazza in front, is in every respect a neat
and commodious building ; the first story being divided into apartments for a
common Prison, the second for an Assembly-Hall, with a large room ad-
K I R
joining for the Courts of Justice ; and the highest is set apart as a Lodge, for the
accommodation of the ancient Fraternity of Free-Masons. To the West of this,
and at no great distance, are the School-liouses, in which are taught the several
branches of English education, Greek, Latin, and Mathematics. Towards the
South-East side of the Harbour, there are still to be seen the vestiges of a very
rude temporary Fort, thrown up on the spur of the occasion by Oliver. Crom-
well ; and, on the opposite side of the Bay, another of the same kind has evi-
dently been marked out, in order that they might co-operate in either annoy-
ing or protecting the Harbour. Most of the lands in the Parish of St. Ola, that
lie round Kirkwall, formerly made a part of the Temporality of the Bishoprick
of Orkney, and were feued either at the Reformation, or on the prospect of the
Abolition. Some of them also belonged to the Prebends. As the soil in many
parts of them is good, such as have fallen into private hands have been partly
inclosed and cultivated ; but those that have been granted to the Town, on con-
dition, it is said, of their supporting the Cathedral of St. Magnus, and are still
in the hands of the Community, remain, from various causes, in the same rude
and uncultivated state as before, though equally susceptible of improvement : a
very great proportion of them is still an undivided Common, belonging jointly
to the Town and private Gentlemen, all of which almost is capable of substan-
tial melioration : and if ever agriculture should surmount its present neglected
state here, this Common will not only serve to increase the revenue of individuals,
and augment the Funds of the Town, but also furnish more ample provision for
the inhabitants. The air is damp, though not unhealthy. The harvest generally
commences about tlie first of September, and unless the weather is very
bad, it is all concluded by the first or second week of October. The language
commonly spoken, is a mixture of Scotch and English, which seems to have
superseded the Norse or Nortvegian. The fuel that is principally used, is peat
and turf, which is procured from mosses at about two or three miles distant.
The state of the Roads is very indifferent. To the credit of the landed Pro-
prietors, the impolitic custom of demanding services from their tenants, is wear-
ing fast away ; and, with many Gentlemen, they are entirely abolished. The
Bay of Inganess, on the Eastern extremity of this Parish, is so well sheltered
from the West wind, which is commonly the most violent here, and so commo-
dious in other respects, that some sea-faring men of reputation prefer it as a
Harbour, even to the Road of Kirkwall. The Bay ofScalpa, on the South sido
of the Parish, is the ordinary landing-|)lace from Caithness. About a mile and
K I R
a half on the Post-road to Holm, is a Mineral Spring, called Bluheley's Well:
it is a Chalybeate, and has been found efficacious in complaints of the stomach
and intestines. Fish, and especially lobsters, are in great abundance : the Linen
manufacture is on the decline, but a considerable quantity o( Kelp is made here ;
and, although the commerce of this place cannot by any means be called flou-
rishing, yet it is without doubt in an improving condition. — The Castle, which
is now in ruins, is commonly called The King's, Castle ; an appellation which
it probably received, from its having been the ordinary residence of the
Royal Governors, Chamberlains, or Farmers of the Islands, subsequently to
their annexation to the Crown of Scotland. This Fortress, which is situate on
the West side of the principal street, and nearly fronting the Cathedral of St.
Magnus, seems to have been a place of great strength, if we may judge from its
extent, the thickness of its walls, and the almost impenetrable nature of its ce-
ment. The arms and mitre, engraved on a stone on its front, have led to the
supposition of its having been erected by some of the Prelates of this See ; but, if
ever they had a Palace on its site, it must have been eai'ly, and previously to this
erection, which took place in the Fourteenth Century, by Henry Sinclair, the
first of that name who was Earl of Orkney. Of this ancient Fortress, Patrick
Earl of Orkney, after he had been three years in confinement, commanded
his natural son to regain possession ; which, at the head of a considerable force,
he accordingly effected, and defended it for some time with determined valour.
But he was at length overpowered by the King's troops, supported by artillery
advantageously placed, when the Castle was reduced and almost demolished,
and he himself surrendered, on the condition that no torture should be employed
to extort from him a confession of his father's guilt. — Towards the East side of
the Town, and almost on a line with the Cathedral, from which it is not far
distant, stands that ancient 'ruin, known by the name of The Bishop's Palace.
As early as the middle of the Thirteenth Century, it seems to have been a place
of consequence, as it then accommodated, in one of its upper stories, the cele-
brated Haco King of Norway, with his Courtiers and Servants, after his return
from his last expedition. As this Palace was evidently built at different times,
it now exhibits a motley mixture of various sorts of Architecture, and is exten-
sive rather than regular. Towards the North-East corner of the building, and
near the Church, stood a square Tower, called The 31ass or Mense Tower,
which, from the style of the structure, as well as from its very decayed state,
VOL. ij. K k
KIR
appears to have been of the greatest antiquity. Almost close to it, there was
another, nearly of the same form, but of smaller dimensions, which seems to
have been re-built, if not entirely erected, by Bishop Reid; as there were, on
several parts of it, the initials of his name cut, on stone, above his mitre and
arms : the large round Tower, which, with these, forms a triangle, was entirely a
work of his, as a rude statue of him, still standing in a nitch in the South wall,
fully demonstrates : these three Towers bounded the Northern extremity of the
building, which stretched Southwards, with a breadth of little more than twenty
feet, while its length in that direction was not less than one hundred. The walls
w^ere high, strongly built of grey stone, and the doors and windows of red free-
stone ; the latter of which are some of them small, some large, some high, some
low, and are A'ery different in their forms as well as in their dimensions. In short,
this spacious fabric, reared perhaps in early times, and since often repaired and
altered, has great appearance of irregularity, and is so fast hastening to decay,
that, in the course of a few years, there will scarcely be so much of it left, as to
mark the place of its foundation. — The Cathedral, which, considering the
time it was built, the people by whom it was constructed, and the place where
it was situate, strikes us with wonder, as a performance that shows equal bold-
ness in the design, and pious industry in the execution Ronald, Count of Ork-
ney, some time before the middle of the Twelfth Century, founded it in honour
of his uncle St. Magnus, to whom it was dedicated. Dr. Stewart, a Reverend
Prelate in the reign of James the Fourth, added three Pillars to the East end of
it, with a fine Gothick window, which, for beauty, is far superior to any other in
the building : and, Dr. Reid, another Prelate, in the reign of the unfortunate
Mary, added as many to the West end ; which, on account of his death, per-
haps, were never finished, and are therefore, in point of elegance, not only infe-
rior to the former, but to those in the rest of the structure. As to its dimensions,
the body of the building stretches in aline from East to West, 236 feet; its
breadth through that extent amounts to 56 feet ; the arms of the Cross are 30
feet long and 33 broad ; the height of the main roof is 71 feet; and, from the
level of the floor to the summit of the steeple, is nearly 140 feet. The roof,
which is vaulted with a number of Gothic arches, is supported by twenty-
eight pj^Uars, fourteen on each side, besides four of uncommon strength and
beauty, that serve to support the spire ; and, while the rest of the Pillars are
only fifteen feet, these are twenty-four, in circumference. The present Spire,
KIR
however, is low and paltry, being built in the room of one that was hurnefl or
struck down with lightning ; und which, in all probability, was of such a large
size, as to require Pillars of that solidity to support it. It contains an excellent
Chime of Bells, wJiich are said to have been a donation from Bishop Maxwell.
The East Window, which, in point of size and symmetry, excells all the rest,
is 12 feet broad and 36 in height, including one at the top, which was called a
Rose Window, twelve feet in diameter. In the South arm of the Cross there
is another Rose M^iW/o?p, of the same dimensions, which has lately been renewed
and ornamented, through the taste and care of the venerable and senior Clergy-
man, Mr. Yule ; and, in the West end of the Church, there is a third Window,
constructed on the model of that on the East end, but far inferior to it, both in
size and proportion. And, though built at different times, and by different
persons, this Cathedral must be admitted to be an Edifice not only grand
and simple, but also particularly regular. Fortunate in its remote situation, and
in the disposition of the people, it escaped the intemperate rage of the Reformers,
and remains entire to this day, a monument of the exalted ideas of its Illus-
trious Founder, and the superb ornament of these Islands. Much care and ex-
pense have been bestowed, for preserving it in that state ; and without the
most judicious and faithful management of the scanty fund allotted for that
purpose, it must, long ere now, have fallen into ruins. To support it, neither
the Town-Council, nor the Heritors of the Country Parish, have ever, in these
capacities, contributed any thing, though it is the only established place of
Worship which they are bound to maintain ; but the burden has, from time im-
memorial, been laid on the Kirk-Session, who, in this respect, have discharged
the trust reposed in them, in such a manner as to reflect the highest honour on
their integrity. Since the abolition of Episcopacy, the money arising from the
Crown rents here, has been sometimes considerable ; and, as it has been annually
paid into the Exchequer, applications have frequently been made, but in vain,
to procure something from that fund, to support this venerable Fabric. In sev-
eral parts of this Parish, are the remains of those ancient structiu'es, well known
in many places by \\\e\\^mQo^ Bur ghs-Castles, or more commonly Picts' Houses:
many of them are of a very large size, and all of them are situate in somo
pleasant spot by the sea-shore, generally tliree, or at least two of them,
within view of, and at no great distance from each other : such of them as have
been examined, are of a circular form • and, when measured as near to the
foundation as could be effected, they have been found to be from 100 to about 50
Kk2
I
K I R
feet in diameter. In the Valley, formed by the Hill of Wideford on one side,
and those of Orphir on the other, there is a deep Marsh, of considerable extent,
whicli has frequently supplied the inhabitants of Kirkwall with fuel. The Name
of the little Estate of which it forms a part, together with the Proprietor's house,
situate in its vicinity, is Caldale ; it lies at nearly an equal distance from the bay
of Frith, the bay of Seal pa, and the Burgh of Kirkwall ; here various Coins of
Canute the Great, and several pieces of silver in the shape o^fibidce, were dis-
covered, inclosed in two horns ; of which a description, and plate, were published
by the late Richard Gough, Esq., intituled, The Caldale Coins. The House
of Corse, belonging to Captain Gibson, stands on the brow of a green hill, and
possesses one of the most pleasing situations in the vicinity of Kirkwall. Kirk-
wall gives the title of Viscountess to Mary O'Bryen, Countess of The Islands of
Orkney, and Baroness of Deghmont. Her Ladyship is descended from the
Ancient and Illustrious House of Douglas.
KIRK-YETHOLM, v. YE IHOLM.
KIRRIE-MUIR, commonly pronounced KILLx\MUIR, in the Shire of
Forfar: formeily a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 112 bolls of
victual, two-tliirds of which are paid in meal, and one-third in bear, £74. .6.. 11.
Sterling, including i;8..6..8. for Communion elements, £20. Scotch for grass
money, together with a glebe of 4 acres : the manse was built in 1774, and is a
substantial and commodious house : Patron, Lord Douglas : The Church, which
was dedicated to The Virgin Mary, was re-built in an elegant manner in 1787.
It is in the Presbytery of Forfar, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident
Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 4421, and, in 1811, was
4969. It is 66 m. N. from Edinburgh. The Market is well supplied. The
Fairs are holden in July, and October. It is pleasantly situate near the foot of
the 5r«es of Angus, along the Northern brow of a beautiful glen, through which
the small river Gairie winds its course : and from the higher grounds a very
extensive prospect is obtained of almost the whole of Slrathmore. The air is
pure, and salubrious. It is a Burgh of Barony, governed by a Baron Baillie,who
is appointed by Lord Douglas, the Superior, and is of considerable antiquity ;
but the date of its Charter of erection is unknown. A considerable manufacture
of Osnahvrghs, and other coarse linen, is carried on here : and from November
1809 to November 1810, there were stamped 3,216,970 yards of different kinds
of linen, which miglit at an average amount to £9-3,800. Sterling: but this quan-
tity was far mure than was ever manufactured before in one year. Within these
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Iwo years, the manufacture o^ Sheeting lias been introduced, which is the prin-
cipal branch of'Irade at present. As a remarkable instance of ingenuity it may
be mentioned, that about 20 years ago, David Sands, a weaver in this place, and
father of the late Mr. James Sands, Baillie of Forfar, wove three shirts without
seam : he completely finished them in the loom ; buttons, button-holes, hem-
ming, stitching, and ruffles being put lo them: one of them was sent to The
King, another to The Dukeof Athol, and the third to The Society for the encou-
ragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce : but the whole benefit which he
received was only £5. : He wove cloth of a peculiar kind for Staymakers, saving
every part of their labour, except shaping and putting in the whale-bone : but
like many other ingenious men, he died unknown, except in the immediate
cii'cle where he lived. It appears that there were formerly four Chapelries,
besides the Parish Church, and the Chapel in Glen Prosen where the Minister
still officiates five or six times a year. There is also an elegant Episcopal
Chapel in the Town ; which, as well as the Parish Church, are each adorned
with handsome Spires, designed by the late Mr. Playfair, Architect, and
erected together with the Chapel itself at the expense of the late Charles Lyel,
Esq., o( Kinnordy: and they are seen through the whole of Strathmore. The
Salary of the Parochial School is 400 merks, together with a commodious hou.se,
and £1..15..0. Sterling in lieu of garden ground. The Sum of £1400. was many
years ago bequeathed to the Minister, and Elders, by the late Mr. Hendry, of
Kensington, near London, a native of this Parish: the Interest of £1200. to be
expended in educating, and furnishing with books, pens, ink, paper, and other
school articles, twelve boys, or as many more as it would educate ; and the In-
terest of the remaining £200. to be paid to the School-master for keeping the
accompts : Before this bequest could be applied to these benevolent purposes,
an amicable process in the Court of Chancery became necessary : at the issue
of which, after deducting the necessai'y expenses and £1-50. for purchasing a
piece of ground and building a School, the aggregate Sum by the accumulation
of Interest was £1651.. 14. .6. This was laid out in the purchase of £2600. Stock
in the 3 per Cents, the annual Dividends whereof amount to £78. : of which,
£10. are paid to the School-master, and the remainder applied to the benefit of
the Boys, agreeably to the Will. There are also two private Schools in the
Town, and four Schools in the Country district, where Children are taught to
read English. Fuel is scarce. A General Post-Office is established here. —
The Parish of Kirrie-Muir is about 8 miles in length, and upwards of 6 miles in
breadth. The surface is beautifully diversified; and the soil is, in general,
K I R
good ; but, from its elevated situation and moist atmosphere, the harvests are
often late, and the grain of an inferior quality. It is watered by the Esk, the
Carity, the Gairie, and the Prosen ; the last of which gives the name of Glen
Prosen to a considerable district of the Parish. Agriculture is much encouraged
here: and there is an inexhaustible supply of fine shell marl in the LochofKin-
nordy, and the Meadows of Logie : the former of which was drained in 1740 and
1741, and the last a few years ago. Kinnordy, formerly in the possession of the
Ogilvies, is now the seat of Charles Lyel, Esq., and is surrounded with ex-
tensive plantations. Logie is the seat of Colonel Thomas Kinloch, o( Kilnie :
near it, are some Ashes and Plane-trees, of very extraordinary beauty and dimen-
sions ; and to the West of it, about half a mile, is a very copious spring of fine
soft water, called Lady Well : where the late Proprietor remembered a large
Thorn which overhung the water, and upon which it was the practice to suspend
an image of TJie Virgin, to whom the Well was dedicated.. At Inver- Carity,
is a large Gothic Castle of cut stone, and in good repair : and to the East of it,
are some vestiges of a wing, which was demolished, it is said, in 1445, by The
Earl of Craufurd, in some family feud between the Lindsays and Ogilvies, one
of the latter being then Proprietor of the Castle. About a mile to the West of
the Town are distinct vestiges of a Roman Road, about 20 feet broad and a mile
in length : its further progress being now obliterated by tlie plough. To the
East, is the Forest-3Iuir, or Forest of Platane : it belonged of old to the Earls of
Craufurd, who appointed a Forester over it : the vestiges of whose house are
yet visible in the muir, and are called Lindsay's Hall, This Forest was also
in the possession of The Earls of Strathmore, and one of their titles was Herit-
able Forester of the Forest of Platane : it is now chiefly attached to the properties
of Kinnordy, Balinshoe, and Phiuhaven. According to tradition, it was formerly
all wood from the hill of Kirrie-Muir to the Castle of Phinhaven, about 7 miles
distant, and trees are occasionally dug up by persons casting turf History also
informs us, that, in the reign of David Bruce, in 1337, Sir Andrew Murray,
then Guardian of Scotland, with the Earls of March and Fife, were encamped
during the winter in the Forest of Platane; when hearing of a considerable
English army having entered the Kingdom, with whom they were then at war,
they marched immediately to Panmurc, where a bloody battle was fought, and
the English were routed with the loss of 4000 killed, among whom was Lord
Henry Mountfort. The greater part of this Forest is now replanted, and con-
tains between seven and eight Hundred acres of thriving v.ood.
KISHORN, V. APPLECROSS.
K N A
KISIMUL BAY, and CASTLE, v. BARRAY, ISLAND.
Kl'rTi:RLAND ISLE, v. CALF of MAN.
KITTOCH-SIDE, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark ; in the Parish
of East Killbridc. It is pleasantly situate near the banks of the Kittoch: and
upon two hills in its neighbourhood, are the remains of two ancient fortiiications,
called Castle-Hill, and Hough-Hill.
KLOACHNABANE, MOUNTAIN, v. STRACHAN.
KNAP, V. CAOLISPORT.
KNAPDALE, NORTH, in the District of Islay, and Shire of Argvle : for-
merly part of the Parish of South Knapdale, but erected into a separate Parish
in the year 1734; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 72 bolls of victual, £32.
Sterling in money, and £8..6..8. for Communion elements : the manse is in toler-
able repair : the glebe consists of the legal extent: Patron, The Crown : The
Church is in decent condition. It is in the Presbytery of Inverary, and Synod of
Argyle. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 2401, and, in
1811, was 2184. It is 9 m. N. W. from Tarbert. This Parish is about 12
miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth, bounded on the East by Loch Fine, and
on the West by the /Sojm^/ of Jwra; and it is intersected nearly into two equal
parts by Loch Sicin, an arm of the sea. The surface is mountainous ; but the
soil, both for pasture and tillage, is excellent, and there is a great proportion of
arable ground. The climate is very rainy, but not unhealthy. The fisheries
are prosecuted here with great success. In ancient times, the Chieftain of the
Clan was entitled to a considerable quantity of cattle and corn, which were con- .
sumed at their feasts ; and until very lately, in this neighbourhood, Campbell,
of Anchinbreck, had a right to carry off the best cow which he could find upon
several estates, at each Martinmas, by way of mart. The Island of Islay paid
500 such cows annually, and so did Cantyre, to the Macdonalds ; but the
Crown has now converted these Cows at 20s. a head, and taken away this
badge of Feudal manners. Stonejleld, the Seat of John Campbell, Esq., is
pleasantly situate on the Western shore of Loch Caolisport.
KNAPDALE, SOUTH, in the District, and Shire of Argyle: formerly a
Rectory, belonging to the Abbey of Kill-Winning ; the Stipend of which, in
1811, was 2 chalders of oat-meal, 2 chalders of bear, £600. Scotch in money,
and £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements : there is no manse, but an allowance of
£10. Sterling is made by the heritors until one is built ; the glebe consists of the
legal extent : Patron, The Crown : The Church is in decent condition. It is ia
K N O
the Presbytery of Inverary, and Synod of Argyle, The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 1716, and, in 1811, was 1720. It is 13 computed
miles from Tarbert, at which place the Minister resides. This Parish is 20 miles
in length, and 16 miles in breadth, being- bounded on the East by Loch Fine,
and on the West by the Atlantic Ocean. The soil is chiefly of a mossy nature,
lying upon a stratum of sand, but in the lower grounds it is a good loam ; very
little of the Parish, however, is arable, as that which is cultivated, produces such
very light crops, that it is found more advantageous to throw it into sheep walks,
or pasture lands for cattle. The country is mountainous, and subject to very
heavy rains, and the winter months are exceedingly stormy. The roads are bad.
The Fisheries are prosecuted here with great success. Fuel is scarce. The
Society for propagating Christian Knowledge have established three Schools
here. The Gaelic is the prevailing language. On the North side of the bury-
ing ground of the ruinous Chapel o( Killmory-Knap, is an inscribed Obelisk or
Cross, consisting of a single stone, neatly cut, and 12 feet high : on one side is
represented a stagcha^e ; and on the other, the crucifixion of Our Saviour, sus-
pending a balance. There is also a small Chapel at Killdusclan, on the shore
oi Loch Gilp.. The ancient property of the Macmillans, whose charter was in-
scribed in the Gaelic language and character upon a rock, at the extremity of
their estate, was long contested for by the Campbells, and Macneils, the latter
of whom were a powerful Clan in North Knapdale, and was decided in favour
of the former by compromise : in that family it continued until the year 1775,
when, after the death of the tenth possessor, the estate was purchased by the
late Lieutenant General Sir Archibald Campbell, of /nveniei7, in whose fa-
mily it still remains. Of the estate of the Macalasters, formerly by far the
most considerable family in South Knapdale, not a single acre is now in their
possession : — and the ancient stock of Macneils, once all powerful in North, and
numerous in South Knapdale, are masters of no more than two farms in the for-
mer, and one in the latter Parish,
Sic transit gloria mundi!
KNIGHT'S- WOOD, v. KILL-PATRICK, NEW.
KNOCK ANDO, in the Shire of Elgin : formerly a Vicarage, with the ancient
Vicarage of Elchies united ; the Stipend of which, in 1805, being the full valued
Teind, was £144.. 11. .5., including £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, and
£13.. 15.. 3. by Parliamentary augmentation, and a glebe: the manse was built,
I
K N O
in 1767 : Patron, The Earl of Seaficld : The Church was built, in 1757. It is
in the Presbytery of Aber-Lour, and Synod of Moray. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 1432, and, in 1811, was 1332. It is 14 m. N. E.
from Grantown. This Parish is about 10 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth.
The surface is hilly : and the soil is either a deep moss, or a sandy gravel. The
air is dry, and healthy. The Gaelic language is generally discontinued here.
Peats are the only fuel. The roads are very much out of repair. The Parish is,
for the most part, uninclosed. It is bounded on the South, and South-East, by
the river Spey.
KNOCKBAIN, in the Shire of Ross. This Parish was formed, in 1756, by
the Union of the two Parishes of Kdlmnir Wester, and Siuldy, and is so called
from the Church, and manse, being built upon a bleak and barren moor, termed
Knockbain: the Stipend, in 1811, being 9 chalders and 1 boll of barley, 3 chal-
ders and 3 bolls of oat-meal, and £'98.. 9.. 8. Scotch in money: the manse is iu
decent repair : the glebe consists of nearly 40 acres : Patron, The Crown : The
Church is in good condition. It is in the Presbytery of Chanonry, and Synod of
Ross. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1859, and, in 1811,
was 1766. It is 3^^ m. N. from Inverness. This Parish is about 7 miles in length,
and 6 miles in breadth, being divided by a branch of the Moray Firth, called the
Bay of Mnnlochy. The soil is various ; but is in general tolerably fertile. The
air is clear, and salubrious. The Gaelic is the prevailing language. The roads,
and bridges, are iu excellent repair. Here are several very large Plantations of
Forest trees, especially on the estate of Bellmaduthy. The peat-mosses are quite
exhausted. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, a slated School
and dwelling-house, and a kail-yard : There is also a Society School, with a
Salary of £16. ; and a Sunday School has been established by the benevolence
of Charles Grant, Esq., which is of singular benefit, Allangrange is the beau-
tiful seat, and highly inqjroved estate, of Mr. Mackenzie.
KNOCI-GSRIX BAY, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright ; and in the Parish
ofBorgue. It is 6j m. W. from Kirkcudbright. Here vessels of light burden
anchor occasionally ; but it is much exposed to South and Westerly winds.
KNOCKBUY, V. GLASSARY.
KNOCK, CASTLE, v. LARGS.
KNOCKDOW, V. INVER-CHAOLAIN.
KNOCKESPOCK, v. CLA IT.
KNOCK FIN, V, STRATH GLASS.
VOL. II. LI
K Y L
KNOCK-HALL, CASTLE, v. FOVERAN.
KNOCK HILL, v. ORDEQUHILL.
KNOCKINNON, CASTLE, v. LATHERON. This Castle, the remains of
which are very small, was built by an Earl of Caithness.
KNOCK of BRAE-MORAY, v. EDEN-KEILLIE.
KNOCKSHINAN, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Kinclaven.
This is a small Village.
KNOCK- WOOD, V. KIRK-MICHAEL.
KNOC-RHEACADAN, v. TONGUE.
KNOIDART, V. GLENELG.
KYLE H.\KEN, in the Isle of Skye, and in the Shire of Inverness : it con-
stitutes part of the Parish of Strath. It is situate at the Southern entrance of
Loch Alsh, and is 195 m. N. W. from Edinburgh. On the 14th of September
1811, the foundation stone of Lord Macdonald's intended Village here, was
laid, in presence of a numerous Meeting of Ladies and Gentlemen of the neigh-
bourhood. After the usual ceremony was performed, the party retired to the
festive Board, which was prepared on the Green, the Site of the Vrllage, when
many loyal, patriotic, and appropriate Toasts were drank, and the day passed
much to the satisfaction of the Company jiresent ; who all admired the beautiful
situation of the proposed establishment, and which, from its local advantages
for trade, and its vicinity to the Fishing Lochs, promises at no distant period to
become a place of the first importance in the United Kingdom. Under the
auspices of The Parliamentary Commissioners, an excellent line of road has
been made from the Sconcer road to Kyle Haken with Ferry Piers, and from
thence through the District of Loch Alsh to Strome Ferry, whereby the Loch
Carron Road is made to form a more convenient connection between Skye, and
the North-East coast of Scotland.
KYLE RHEA, in the Isle of Skye, and Shire of Inverness : in the Parish
of Strath. It is 188|m. N.W. from Edinburgh. This is the usual entrance
into the Isle of Skye, by a good Ferry across Kyle Rhea, from the Mainland of
Scotland ; and from whence excellent roads have been made through the Island,
under the auspices of Thk Parliamentary Commissioners. See, Rannoch.
LAD
L.
LaDY-BANKS-WELL, v. MARY KIRK.
LADY ISLE, off the Shire of Ayr; and in the Parish of Dimdonald. This
Isle is about half a mile in length, of an oval figure, and lies in the Firth of
Clyde, at the distance of 5 miles SW.b. W. from Irvine, and 5 miles N. N. W.
from Ayr. In the inside of this Isle, opposite to the Main-land, there is good an-
choring ground: and, for the direction and security of vessels navigating this
"" flat and dangerous coast, the Ma<>istrates of GlasTOW have erected two Pillars
on the North- West point, of such a height as to be easily seen at a distance.
LADY KIRK, v. SANDAY, ISLAND.
LADY-KIRK, in the Shire of Berwick : formerly a Rectory, comprehending
the ancient Parishes of Up-SeUington, and Horndean, which were united at the
time of the Reformation, for the enlargement of the Minister's Stipend; and,
which, in 1811, was £'150. Sterling: Patron, The Crown : The Church, which
was built in 1500 by James the Fourth, was dedicated by him to The Virgin
Mary; and hence, in after times, the Parish of Up-Setlington became known by
the name o( Lady-Kirk. It is in the Presbytery of C him side, and Synod of
Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
516, and, in 1811, was 535. It is 6 m. N. N. E. from Coldstream. The Fair
is holden on the 25th., O. S., of March. This Parish contains about 3500 Statute
acres. The surface is flat, interspersed with a few rising grounds ; and the soil
is in general fertile, and well cultivated. It is situate along the West bank of the
river Tweed; where the Salmon fishings are rented at about £100. per annum.
The ancient Parish oi Up-Setlington took its name from the Kirk-fown, which
stands on the North- Western margin oftheTw^erf, somewhat higher thanNorham,
on the opposite bank. The ancient Parish of Horndean belonged to the Monks
of Kelso, till the Reformation ; when the Parishes of Up-Setlington and Horndean
were united, and the whole of the Union assumed the name o^ Lady- Kirk, in
honour of Our Lady, the Patron Saint of the Church. The principal proprietor
/ of the Parish has applied this apj>ropriate name to his Mansion-House, while the
decayed Village of Up-Setlington retains its ancient, but obscure appellation.
LI 2
LAG
Edward the First adjourned the Scottish Parliament to an open field in Up-Set-
hngton, from Bri(//iam in England. In 1331, there existed controversies with
the Bishop of Durham, who claimed West Up-Setlington, as an appurtenant to
his Castle of Norham. On tlie 31st of May 1559, a supplementary treaty to that
of Chateau Cambresis was signed in the Church of St. Mary of Up-Setlington,
between the English and Scotch Commissioners, and the duplicates wera
exchanged the same day at Norham.
LADY-URD, V. KIRK-URD.
LAGAMHUILIN, BAY, r. KILLD ALTON.
LAGAN- AULACHY, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Chapelry, now
united to the Parish of Little Dunkeld : here is a small glebe : The Chapel,
which is situate in the district of Strath-Bran, was lately re-built, and made
pretty commodious by contributions from the Inhabitants of that part of the
United Parishes. See, Dunkeld, Little.
LAG, CASTLE, v. MOUSWALD.
LAG G AN, or LUGGAN, in the Shire of Inverness : formerly a Mensal
Church, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £70. Sterling, together with a glebe
let for £12. : the Minister lives near the Church, upon a commodious Farm ; and
is allowed£20. Sterling by the heritors, in lieu of a manse, until one is built :
Patron, The Duke of Gordon : The Church, which is a very convenient one, in
the centre of the Parish, was re-built in 1785. It is in the Presbytery of Aber-
Tarf, and Synod of Glcn-Elg. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 1333, and, in 1811, was 1254. It is 10| m. S. W. from Pitmain. Although
this Parish is one of the highest in Scotland with reg-ard to its elevation above the
sea, there are in it many Glens and narrow Vallies : it extends, from North-
East to South- West, upwards of 20 miles ; the breadth of the inhabited part is
about 3 miles ; but, taking its boundaries South and North, it will measure more
than 20 miles. It is situate in the District of Badenoch, and is bounded on the
North by the Monagh Lea, or Tlie Grey Mountain, a prodigious ridge of inac-
cessible rocks. The river Spey takes its rise from a very small Lake of the same
name in the Western parts of the Parish, and is formed by currents fulling down
from the Mountains : it runs through the middle of the Parish, and in its pro-
gress, besides many rivulets, receives the rivers Maashie, and Truim Along the
banks of the river, is a very rich and deep soil ; which, were it not for the dis-
advantages of inundations, frosts, and mildews, would produce as abundant
crops as any in the Kingdom : the lands that lie in the slopes and declivities^
LAG
without the water-mark, arc, though stoney, of a good quality, and very fniilful.
The air is moist, and generally very cold ; but, upon the ^vhole, is clear and
healthy. The Duke of (Jordon, and Colonel Macpuerson, of Cliniy, are the
only Proprietors. The Salary of the Parochial School, which is situate in the
middle of the Parish, is 1500 mcrks, together with a commodious house and
school, both under one roof. In the Western parts of the Parish, arc two Society
Schools ; one upon the estate of The Duke of Gordon, and the other upon that
of Clunij. Loch-Lagyan, which, with its environs, forms a District by itself, lies
on the South- West extremity of the Parish : it is very deep, with a bold rocky
shore ; and is surrounded with woody mountains. On the South side is the
Coille More, or Great Wood, the most considerable remain of The Great
Caledonian Forest : this wood, which extends five miles along the side of
the Loch, is the scene of many traditions ; and in the middle of it, is a place called
Ard Merigie, or The Height, on which a Standard was wont to be erected : here
is a spot holden sacred by the most remote antiquity, and said to be the Burial-
place of seven Kings of the ancient Caledonians. At the East end of Loch Laggan,
are the remains of the old Church, which was dedicated to St. Kenneth: the
greatest part of the walls of that venerable edifice are still standing ; and it is sur-
rounded by a consecrated Burying-ground, that is more frequently used than any
other. By a Memorial presented to The Commissioners for Highland Roads
and Bridges, on the 9th of August, 1804, by His Grace The Duke of Gordon,
./Eneas Macintosh, of Macintosh, and Colonel Duncan Macpherson, of Cluny,
it appears, " That a large District of country, in the Shire of Inverness, compre-
hending the whole of the higher and more remote parts of Badenoch and Loch-
aber, the property of the Memorialists, labours under very great disadvantages by
the want of proper roads and bridges. The Memorialists are therefore most
desirous to open up the communication of that part of the country by a line of
road from the Inn at Pitmain in Badenoch (where the present Military road
passes from Stirling, Perth, and Edinburgh to Fort George) by the North side
of Loch Laggan to Fort William on the West coast. The Memorialists are of
opinion, that this line of road would be of infinite service to the inhabitants of
Badenoch and Lochaber, and all the neighbouring districts of the county of Inver-
ness, and for the purposes of commercial intercourse among themselves ; and they
beg leave to state, that when it is opened, and bridges thrown across the rivers, it
will make the best and safest, as well as the shortest and most expeditious com-
munication yet proposed, between the South of Scotland and Fort W^illiam and
L A I
the West end of The Caledonian Canal, being nearly on the level through its
whole course, and from its low direction along the margin of Loch Laggan,
(which seldom freezes), it may be travelled in perfect safety at all times and
seasons of the year, and even in the deepest falls of snow that have happened in
the memory of man. From these considerations Lord Adam Gordon, when
Commander in Chief in Scotland, ordered a Survey to be made by George
Bkown, in the view of a Military road being made in that direction from Stirling
to Fort Augustus and Fort William, instead of the present one by Garviemore
over Corry-Arrick, which, from its height, is at all times dangerous, and gener-
ally impassable for four months in the year, to the prejudice of His Majesty's
service, and the loss of the lives of many of his soldiers and subjects." This road is
now in progress, and will extend from the bridge of lA(ndie near Fort William,
through Glen Spccm, by the North- West side of Loch Laggan, to Pitmain in
Badenoch, a distance of 46| miles.
LAGGAN STONE, v. KELLS.
LAGG, FERRY, v. JURA, ISLAND.
LAIGHWOOD, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Clunie. The
Park here contains an area of about a square mile, inclosed by a strong stone
wall ; and which, with the Barony of Laighwood, are said to have been given by
Robert the Second to the then Earl of Athol, for quelling an insurrection of
Donald of the Isles. This Park has ever since continued the property of the
Athol family ; and, previous to the building of Dunkeld-House, it was designed
to be one of the places of their residence ; some materials for that purpose hav-
ing been brought here, and deposited, in a fine situation near the centre of the
Park, at a place called Stanley Knotv, in honour of the Derby Family. On the
North side of the Burn of Lunan, are the ruins of an old Castle, adjacent to
which were formerly a Chapel and burying-ground : tradition says, that this
Castle was last inhabited by William Sinclair, Bishop of Dunkcid, and hence
it is called Sinclair's Castle to this day.
LAIRG, in the Shire of Sutherland : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 800 merks Scotch in money (200 merks of which are paid
out of the lands of Skibo, iu the Parish of Dornoch), and a glebe: the manse is
in good repair : Patron, The Countess of Sutherland : The Church is intoler-
able condition. It is in the Presbytery of Dornoch, and Synod of Sutherland and
Caithness. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1209, and, in
1811, was 1354. It is 2-; m. S. from Tyrie. The name, it is said, should be written
LAM
La ri Leig, i. c. Beside or Borderinfj on the Lake : this dcnnition agreeing well
with its situation, for almost the whole of the Parish lies on the sides, or within
sight of /voc/t S/iin. It is about 24 miles long, and about 8 miles broad, including
the breadth of Loch Shin, whicii runs through about 20 miles of the length of the
Parish. The soil is in a few places a good fertile loam, in others gravelly ; and,
in many, mossy, very wet and spouty : by far the greatest part of the Parish con-
sists of hills, and very extensive tracts of heath : and not a twentieth part is arable
land. The climate is rainy, but not unhealthy. Loch Shin is a fine sheetof water, of
about 20 miles long, and about 2 miles broad : from the East end of it the river
Shin issues, and after proceeding about a mile, meets with a tremendous rock,
of 20 feet in height, over which it rushes hi a prodigious cascade.
LAKEFIELD, v. MEIKLY.
LA MANCHA, v. NEWLANDS.
LAMBA, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the
Parish of North-Maven. It is situate on its East side, and is inhalnted by one
family, who raise but little corn, and graze a few cattle and sheep.
LAMBA-NESS, v. UNST, ISLAND.
LAMBDENE, in the Shire of Berwick : a Chapelry, appendant to the Rec-
tory of Greenlaw. This ancient Hamlet was situate in the South-East quarter of
the Parish of Greenlaw. The Fair is holden on the 29th of May. See, Greenlaw.
LAMBERTON, in the Shire of Berwick : anciently a Chapel of Ease to the
Church of Ayton : The Church, which is now in ruins, stood on an eminence
three miles Northward from the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, on the road
to Edinburgh ; and still continues to be the burying-place of the Family of
Renton. The Parish of Lamberton, after the Reformation, was annexed to the
adjoining Parish of Ayton, to enlarge the Stipend ; and, in 1650, it was dis-
joined from Ayton, and annexed to the still smaller Parish of Mordiiigton. The
Church of Lamberton is noted to have been the place where King James the
Fourth of Scotland was married to the Princess Margaret, daughter of Henry
the Seventh of England, in the year 1503; which paved the way, first for the
Union of the two Crowns, and afterwards of the two Kingdoms. Some allege,
that it was built on purpose for the celebration of that marriage. A Tradition has
also long prevailed in this part of the country, that, on account of the ceremony
of his marriage having been performed in this chapel, the King of Scotland
granted to the Clergyman of this Parish, and his Successors, in all time coining,
the liberty of marrying people without proclamation of Banns. It, however,
LAM
appears, that the marriage treaty of the Princess Margaret stipulated, that she
should be delivered to the Scottish King's commissioners atLamberton Church,
without any expense to the Bridegroom ; that she was spoused at Windsor, and
the contract consummated at Dalkeith. John Younge, then Somerset Herald,
has left us a Journal of Margaret's Journey, from Windsor to Edinburgh. In
1517, she returned to Lamberton Kirk, a widowed Queen. And, in April 1573,
Lord RuTHVEN met Sir William Durie, the Marshal of Berwick, at Lamber-
ton Kirk, where they made a convention, which encouraged Durie to besiege
Edinburgh Castle. Lamberton House, the Seat of the worthy and respectable
Alexander Renton, Esq., is an elegant Mansion. See, Monlington, and
Blackater Mount.
LAMB-HILL, or RUCH-HILL, within the Jurisdiction of the City of
Glasgow, and Shire of Lanark : in the Barony Parish. Here is a School, with
a portion of the Parochial Salary.
LAMB-HOLM, v. HOLM.
LAMB, ISLE, off the Shire of Hadington ; and constituting part of the
Parish of North Berwick, from which it is distant about a quarter of a mile.
LAMBLASH, ISLAND, off the coast of Arran, and in the Shire of Bute:
it constitutes part of the Parish of Kill-Bride. This is a vast mountain, in great
part covered with heath ; but has sufficient pasture and arable land to sup-
port a few inhabitants, who live in a small village of the same name, at the
bottom of the Bay. It extends before the mouth of the excellent Harbour of
Broadicick, securing it from the East winds, and leaving on each side a safe
and easy entrance, (though the Southern one is mostly preferred by mariners),
where vessels of any size, and almost in any number may lie in safety. This is
the place of Quarantine, for the Ports in the Clyde. In the year 1558, the Eng-
lish fleet under The Earl of Sussex, after ravaging the Coast of Cantyre, at
that time in possession of James Mac-Connel, landed in this Bay, and burned
and destroyed all the neiglibouring country. Buchanan gives this Island the
Latin name of Molus and Molassa, from its having been the retreat of St. Maol
Jos ; and, for the same reason, it is called The Holy Isle. The cave of St.
Maol Jos, the residence of that holy man, his well of most salutary water, a place
for bathing, his chair, and the ruins of his chapel are shown to strangers; but
the walk is far from agreeable, as the Island is greatly infested with vipers. The
Dean of The Isles says, that on the Isle of Molas " was fonndit by John Lord of
The Isles ane Monastry of Friars which is decayit :' but notwithstanding, it
LAM
contributed largely to the support of other Religious Houses on the Main-land ;
the lands round the Bay, and those from Corry to Loch Runza, being annexed
to the Abbey of Kill-Winning. There was also a Castle, belonging to the suc-
cessors of SoMERLED ; and whose owner, Angus, Lord of The Isles, gave pro-
tection during his distresses to Robert Bruce. It is bounded upon the
Arran side by hills of red and white sandstone, traversed by basaltic veins.
Upon the East side of the Bay, attempts have been made to discover coal, but
without success. See, Shisken, and Arran, Isle.
LAMINGTON, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : formerly a Vic-
arage, with the Parish of Wandel annexed ; the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was £43.. 12.. 6. from the Barony of Wandel, and £ 14.. 12. .G. from the Barony
of Lamington, 16^ bolls of oat-meal, and 7| bolls of bear: the manse is in toler-
able repair: the glebe, at Lamington, consists of 4 acres : Patron, Sir Charles
Lockhart Ross, Bart. : The Church is in decent condition. It is in the Presby-
tery of Biggar, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Popula-
tion of the United Parishes, in 1801, was 375, and, in 1811, was 356. It is
6j m. SW. b. S. from Biggar. The Barony of Lamington contains about
4000 acres ; of which, 1000 are arable, and tolerably productive, the remainder
being high land, and appropriated to the pasturage of sheep. The climate is
wet, and cold. The Salary of the Parochial School, till lately, was only £100.
Scotch, together with School-fees, and a School-house, which was built in 1788 :
In 1738, a sum was mortified by the late Countess of Forfar, fo-r a Bursar to
the Grammar School and College of Glasgow, with a vice every 13 years, for a
boy born in the Barony of Wandel. Coals are the common fuel. There are
several Roman encampments, and strong Towers ; especially that in The Mains,
which was built by a Laird of Lamington, of the Ancient and Honourable name
of Baillie, to whom the Barony belongs.
LAMMER-MUIR HILLS, in the Shire of Berwick. This District con-
stitutes one of the three Divisions of the County, and is a hilly and elevated
tract, stretching from near a bold coast on the North-East to Lauderdale, and
the marches of the high lands of Mid-Lothian on the South- West. The summits
of the hills, being covered with heath, give a barren appearance to the whole
tract : but, at the foot of the hills, and along the sides of the rivulets, there is a
great deal of improveable soil, the chief part of which is appropriated to theculture
of turnips, and the pasturage of sheep. Upon the hills are numerous vestiges of
ancient encampments.
VOL II. Mm
LAN
LAMONT, V. KILL-FIN AN.
LANARK, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate in
the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 87 bolls 1 firlot 2 pecks and 2^ lippies of meal, 9 bolls
3 firlots 1 peck and 27 lippies of bear, and £528.. 10. .6. Scotch in money : the
manse, aud offices, were built in 1757 : the glebe consists of 4 acres, together
with the grass of the Church-yard, a right of common pasturage in the moor,
and a small garden : Patron, The Crown : Lord Douglas being Titular of the
Teinds of the Borough lands, and Mr. Lockhart, o( Lee and Carnwath, of those
of the remainder of the Parish: The Church was re-built in 1777. It is in the
Presbytery of Lanark, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, (including the Village of New Lanark),
was 4692, and, in 1811, was 5607. It is 32 m. S W. b. S. from Edinburgh.
The Market is well supplied. The Fairs, which are all well frequented, are
holden on the last Tuesday in February, the last Wednesday in April, the last
Wednesday, O. S., in May, the first and second Tuesdays in June, the last
Wednesday, O. S., in July, the last Friday, O. S., in August, the Fourth Fii-
day in Octobor, the first Wednesday, O. S., in November, and the last Tuesday iu
December. It is pleasautly situate upon the slope of a rising ground near the river
Clyde, and 656 feet above the level of the sea. It is a very ancient Royal Burgh,
having received its Charter from Alexander the First ; which, together with
subsequent ones from Robert the First and Ja.mes the Fiftli, was finally confirmed
by Charles the First, on the 20th of February 1632. It is governed by a Pro-
vost, 2 BailUes, a Dean of Gui-ld, 13 Merchant Counsellors, aud 7 Deacons of
Trades. Tiie Town contains five principal Streets, besides lanes and closes ;
and, since the introduction of the Cotton Manufacture, many new Houses have
been erected. Lanark is one of the Contributary Royal Boroughs with Peebles,
in sending one Member to Parliament. A General Post-Otfice is established
here. The Grammar School has always been deservedly in great repute : the
Rector's Salary being £'16.. 13.. 4., together with School-fees, and an excellent
Scliool-house, built by the munificence of the late William Smellie, M. D.,
who also bequeathed his Library to it, which is kept in the room immediately
above the School. This appears to have been, in former times, a place of con-
siderable note ; for, according to Buchanan, an Assembly or Parliament waa
holden here by Kenneth the Second, being the earliest that is mentioned in.
Scottish history : in 1244^ it was burned to the ground. Here the gallant Sir
LAN
William Wallace, in 1297, made his first effort to redeem liis country from
the tyranny of the English ; taking the place and slaying the Governor, Wil-
liam tie Hesilrig or Hesliope. In 1310, it was finally recovered from the
English by Robert Bruce : and, at The Union, Standard weights were trans-
mitted to Lanark from London. The Castle, which stood on a mount on the
South- West of the Town, is supposed to have been built by David the First :
in 1197, the Charter by William the Lion, in favour of the Town of Ayr, is
dated from it : it was frequently in the hands of the English during the Thir-
teenth Century, and several coins of Edward the First have been discovered
here ; a bowling-green now occupies its site. About a quarter of a mile to the
South-Eastof the Town, are the ruins of the old Parish Church ; and around it,
is the burial ground and cemetery of the Town and Parish. The Monastery of
Franciscans, founded here by Robert the First, in 1314, was situate to the West
of the present Parish Chnrch : there was also a Chapel, dedicated to St.
Nicholas. About half a mile to the Eastward of the Town, were the ruins of
the Hospital of St. Leonard, which were lately dug up and ploughed. The
Hospital Lands now belong to the Borough, and are holden by them of the Family
of Carnwath , for payment of 20 merks annually, and which, by the Charter, are
declared to be for the use of the Poor. The Parish of Lanark contains upwards
of 6000 acres; of which, Lanark Moor, consisting of about 1500 acres, is
the property of the Community ; and, Lee Moor, consisting of about 300 acres,
belongs to the estate of Lee. The greater part is flat, and capable of culture :
but, along the Clyde, for more than three miles, the banks are high, precipitous,
and rocky ; which are, however, fringed with natural wood and plantations, and
fi)rnt, vpith the celebrated Falls of the river, the most picturesque and romantic
scenery. The climate is pure, and healthy, though subject to heavy rains in
July and August. The public roads, and bridges, are in tolerable repair. In
one of the Parks to the East of C leghorn House, are the remains of a large Ro-
man camp, which General Roy supposes to have been the work of Agkicola,
pi. 9. ; and, on the opposite side of the river Mouse, was another exploratory
camp, which formed the connection with another of a later construction at
Castle Di/kes, in the Parish of Carstairs. Lanark has generally been supposed
to be the Colanii, of Ptolomey ; and General Roy has given a plan of its En-
virons, pi. 27.
LANARK, NEW, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of L\nark : in the Parish
of Lanark. This is a charming and populous Village, built in 1785 to accommodate
Mm2
LAN
the work people at the Cotton Mills, which were erected there by the patriotic
and enterprising David Dale, Esq., of Glasgow. It is ahont a short mile from
Lanark, upon the banks of the Clyde. Great attention is paid to the morals of
the children, and others at these mills, the Proprietor having always exercised
the most commendable care in procuring proper teachers and instructors.
LANARK, SHIRE. This Shire is sometimes called Clyde s-Dale, from
the noble river Clyde, which has its source in the upper confines of the District;
and traversing it in a winding course of upwards of 60 miles, bisects it longitu-
dinally, and afterwards wafts the trade of Glasgow to the Atlantic Ocean. Its
greatest length is about 47 miles, and its breadth about 82 miles : containing
556,800 English acres. This Shire is subdivided into Three inferior Divisions,
called Wards, each of Avhich are under the particular Jurisdiction of a Substitute,
appointed by the Sheriff Depute of the County. The surface is mostly moun-
tainous, and appropriated to pasture. This was formerly one of the Kingdoms
into vvhich Scotland was divided prior to, or about the time of the Roman inva-
sion. It also included a great part of the Shires of Stirling", Dumbarton, and
Renfrew, being denominated Strath- Clyde ; and Alcluyd, or Dumbarton, is men-
tioned as the Capital. After the dissolution of the petty Principalities, and their
Union under the Scottish Monarchy, the greater part of this District fell into the
two powerful Families of Douglas, and Hamilton, which still possess very con-
siderable estates here. The Resident Population of this Shire, in 1801, was
146,699, and, in 1811, was 191,752. It sends one Member to Parliament.
LANERICK, or LENDRICK, in the Shire of Pekth ; and in the Parish of
Killmadock. It is 2| m. N. W. from Doune. The Chapel is demolished, but
its remains have long been used as a Burial-place for the Family oi Lanerick. It
is situate on the South bank of the river Teith.
LANGHOLM, in the Shire of Dumfries : this was erected into a Parish, in
1703, from the suppressed Parishes of Wauchope, and Staple Gordon, formerly
a Mensal Parish belonging to the Bishop of Galloway, part of which last men-
tioned Parish now belongs to Wester-Kirk : the Stipend, in 1811, was £150.. 0..0.
in money; the manse, and offices, are in good repair: the glebe consists of more
than the legal extent : Patrons, The Crown, and The Duke of Buccleugh, by
turns : The Church, which was re-built in 1779, is commodious, but not elegant;
it stands East from the Town, on the side of a hill, which, in winter, renders it
not only cold, but also, when the frost sets in, of difficult access. It is in the
Presbytery of Langholm, and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Population of
LAN
th-s Town, and Parish, in 1801, (includiiia: the Village of New Langholm) was
20:39, and, in IHl I, was 2120. ll is 70 m. S. Croni I'klitiburgh. Hero is a good
Market. Tlie Fairs are holden on the lOlli of April, the last Tuesday, O. S.,
in May, the 2Gth of July, called The Lamb Fair (and which is the greatest Fair
for Lambs in Scotland), the fourth Tuesd ly in September, and the Wtilnesday
before the 22d of November. At the confluence of the Esk and the Ewes, stands
a small fragment of Langholm Castle, formerly the property of the Nith.sdale
Family; the Chieftain of which, at the beginning of the Seventeenth Century,
was Lord of the Regalily of Esk-dale, and first erected Langholm, in 1610, into
a Burgh of Barony, which is designated in the Charter by the name of Arkin-
holm: he afterwards, in 1622, granted a new Ciiarter of erection to Ten Cadets
of the Family, upon condition, that each of them should build a Hou.se in the
Town, which is thence called Langholm; along with the houses, of which four only
were built, he granted to each of them a merk land; and of these, Mr. Maxwell,
of .Broom- //o/m, still possesses five and a half The Salary of the Parochial
School, including the Interest of £50. bequeathed by John Read, for the educa-
tion of poor children, is upwards of £'16., together with School-fees, and a School-
house and Dwelling. A General Post-Office is established here. The Parish of
Langholm contains, exclusive of Half-Morton, which is annexed to it, about
14,320 acres ; of which, 12,600 belong to The Duke of Buccleugh,— 1500 to Mr.
Maxwell, o? Broom- Holm, — 200 to the heirs of the late Mr. Lothian, oi Staf-
fold,-—axv(S the remaining 20 to Mr. Little, proprietor of one half of one of the
Ten merk-lands of Langholm. The surface, along the banks of the Esk and the
Etces, is flat, and, in general, consists of a light loam, which is well cultivated,
and very productive : the gentle eminences are covered with verdure to their
summits, and are parcelled out into Sheep farms. The wood lands on the bank
of the beautiful river Esk, occupy about 500 acres. The climate is very rainy,
but not unhealthy. The Parish abounds in game, of all kinds ; and the rivers in
excellent trout, particularly the Wauchope ; and there is no district in the South
of Scotland that affords more amusement to a Sportsman, either for fishing or
fowling, than Langholm. The roads are in good repair. There are inexhausti-
ble mosses, within two miles of the Town ; and a fine bridge having been thrown
over the Esk at Gill-Knocky, in 1793, easy access is thereby afforded to The
Duke of Buccleugh's coal-pit at Byreburn, at the distance of five miles. There
is also a bridge of three arches over \.\\e Esk, where the road leading up into
Esk-dale begins, and which unites the Town and the New Village, on the West
LAN
side of the river : it was built by subscription, in the yiear 1775. And a little way
to the Northward, there is another bridge of two arches, upon the Post-road,
over the Ewes: these bridges stand nearly parallel, and are only a very short
distance from each other, the two rivers uniting immediately between them.
Some years ago, Lead was discovered upon the Farm of West- Water, which a
Company from Derbyshire have contracted to work. Langholm Lodge, the hand-
some seat of The Duke of Buccleugh, is much admired for its elegant simpli-
city, and beautiful situation in the middle of a delightful vale, about half a mile
North from the Town. The Roman road of communication between Netherby
in Cumberland, and Castle-oer or Overbie, in Esk-Dale-Muir, can still be
traced through this Parish : and near which some Roman coins have been dis-
covered. The principal manufactures are those of woollens. The Castle, which
is now in ruins, formerly belonged to the Armstrongs. The Brank, an instru-
ment of punishment for all excessive exertions of that unruly member the tongue,
is always in readiness here.
LANGHOLM, NEW, in the Shire of Dumfries ; and in the Parish of
Langholm. It is \ m. W. from Langholm. This Village is pleasantly situate
between the confluence of the Waucliope and the Esk, and is built on a regular
plan, on feuS granted by The Duke of Buccleugh. It is principally inhabited by
tradesmen, and, in 1793, contained about 600 persons.
LANGHOPE-BIRKS, v. LANGTON.
LANG-NEWTON, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of RoxBURok^':
an ancient Vicarage, valued, in 1220, at Eight merks : The Church has long'
been demolished, but the Church-yard continues to be used by those Parishioners,
who regard the remains of their ancestors. It anciently belonged to the Monas-
tery of Jedburgh. This Parish is now annexed to the Parish of Ancrum. See,
Ancriint.
LANGRIGG, v. WHITSOME.
LANG SIDE, in the Shire of Renfrew ; and in the Parish of Cathcart. It is
2^ m. S. S. W. from Glasgow. This is now a small Village; but, from the
number of ruinous dwellings, it would seem to have been formerly a more con-
siderable place. Tfie Field o( Langside is niemoral)le for being the scene of the!
last and decisive effort of the unfortunate Mary, in 1568, to regain her crown
and authority. Upon the summit of tlie hill are the vestiges of a small Roman
encampment, vulgarly called Queen Mary's Camp.
LANGTON, in the Shire of Berwick : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend erf"
LAN
wliich, in 1811, was £28..17..8. in money, 50 bolls of oats, 32 bolls 2 firlots 2
pecks of barley, vvith a raanse which was built in 1766, a glebe of 10 acres of
very indifferent Out-Jield land, and £4..2..0. of money in lieu of pasturage :
Patroness, The Countess of Breadalbane : The Church was built, in 1736, and
is in a ruinous stale. It is in the Presbytery of Dunse, and Synod of Merse
and Tevioldale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 428, and,
in 1811, was 418. It is 2 m. S. W. from Dunse. This Parish contains about
7200 English acres. The surface rises from the East and South towards the
North, where the highest ground is named Lanyton Edge , and from whence the
prospect over the low land of the Shire of Berwick, and Northumberland, is very
extensive: in the lower part of the Parish, the soil is generally a light loam ;
but there are several fields of a deep and rich loam ; and the whole is inclosed,
and well cultivated. The leases are usually for 19 years : the Rent is all paid
in money ; and no kain, or services, are asked by the Proprietors. There are two
corn mills in the Parish, to which the tenants are thirled; but this restriction, it
is said, is not considered as any hardship. The Salary of the Schoolmaster is 300
merks, 10«. for acting as Precentor and Session Clerk, together with the estab-
lished School-fees, and a small House. Here are several Quarries of good free-stone.
Peats, and turf, maybe had in the vicinity of the Parish, and at a moderate price ;
but coals are brought from Northumberland, The Roads are bad. The ancient
Village o( Lang ton wa'^a long straggling place, as the name implies ; it suffered,
like the rest of the Border towns, from the incursions of the English, having beea
burned in 1558, by Sir Henry Percy and Sir Georqe Bowes ; and, at other
times, was pillaged by the marauding parties from Berwick and Northumberland.
On the farm ofRaecleugh-Head, are the remains of two ancient military Stations ;
which, it is thought, were occupied during the wars between the two Kingdoms.
In the reign of William the Third, there was a considerable encampment of both
horse and foot, on the farm of Langhope-Birks: which, tradition says, were sta-
tioned there at the desire of Patrick Earl of Marchmont, a Nobleman who very
deservedly possessed much of the confidence of his Sovereign. In 1792, several
earlhen Urns, of different sizes, were dug up on the summit of the Crimson or
Cramestone Hill ; and, in the lands of Middlejield and Crease, are several stone
coffins, containing human bones, in the neighbourhood of which is a field that
still retains the name of Batde-Moor. — David Gavin, Esq., the late Propj:ietor
of this Parish, finding a dirty, irregular town so near his House, an obstacle to
his improvements, offered the inhabitants to feu, on easy terms, a piece of ground,
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in a pleasant and healthy situation about half a mile distant. This offer was
accepted ; and, in a short time, not one stone was left upon another of the old
town of Langton ; and the new and thriving Village, named Gavin-Toun, in
honour of its founder, arose in its stead. Among Hadingtons Manuscripts in
the Advocates' Library, is a Charter of James the Fourth, dated the 20th of
February 1504-5, of the Ostiarins Parliamenti, which was thereby annexed to
the Manor of Langton. From the Cockburns, the Manor, and Church, of
Langton, were acquired by Mr. Gavin ; whose daughter. The Countess of
Breadalbane, now enjoys the estate, and patronage of the Church.
LANGTON, in the Shire of Selkirk, though locally situate in the District of
Hawick, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the Parish of Ash-Kirk. It is 4| m. N.
from Hawick.
LANGWELL, in the Shire of Caithness ; and in the Parish of Latheron. It
is 7 m. S. S. W. from Dunbeath. It is situate on the banks of the river Lang-
well, which unites with the Berriedale, a little before it falls into the German
Ocean. Here is a strong old ruin, which is said to have been the Castle of
Ronald Chein, a chieftain who lived in the Fourteenth century, and was parti-
cularly attached to the amusement of the Chace. A third part of Caithness be-
longed to him ; and on his death, his great estate was divided between his two
daughters ; one of whom became a Nun, the other married the ancestor of the
Lord DuFFus. Here is the hospitable mansion of Mr. Sotherland ; the country
around which abounds with stags and roes, and all sorts of feathered game, while
the adjacent river brings salmon almost up to his door.
LANTON, V. NISBET.
LARBERT, in the Shire of Stirling : formerly a Chapelry, with the Cha-
pelry ofDunipace annexed: the Stipend of which, in 18II, was £150., together
with a manse, and glebe : Patron, The Crown : The Church is in decent repair.
It is in the Presbytery of Stirling, and Synod of Perth and Stirling. The Resi-
dent Population of the Parish of Larbert, in 1801, was 3269, and, in 1811, was
3842. It is 3 m. W. N. W. from Falkirk. The United Parishes are about 8
miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth : the surface is, in general, level ; and the
soil is partly of alight dry nature, and partly clay, both of which are exceedingly
fertile. This Parish abounds with coal, and free-stone; but coals are at
present only worked at Kinnaird, and Quarrole. There are very considerable
manufactories ; but especially at the Village of Carron, where the famous Carron
Works are situate, and which is one of the greatest Iron Founderies in Europe.
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On a dry muir, belonging- to Sir Michael Bruce, the great Falkirk cattle Tryst,
is holden on the second Tuesdays in August, September, and October. Tlie
great Roman Causeway from CarmvArs, which crossed the river Carron by a
Bridge, West of the Village of Larbcrt, and which went almost in a straight
line to the Castle of Stirling, is still entire in many parts, both in the Parish of
Larbert, and Dunipace. The Salary of the Parochial School, which is situate in
Stone-House Muir, is 300 merks Scotch, together with perquisites, and school-
fees. There is also a School in the Village of Larbert. The Roads, and Bridges,
are in good repair. There are six Heritors in this Parish, each of whom have
elegant seats here ; and who, from their general benevolence and patriotic exer-
tions in the improvement of the country, are justly and highly respected ; these
are Sir Michael Bruce, Bart., Colonel Dundas, Mr. Bruce, of Kinnaird,
Mr. Strachan, of Woodside, Mr. Cadell, of Banton, and Mr. Miles Riddell,
of Larbert. This Parish derives a great advantage from its vicinity to The
Grand Forth and Clyde Canal, which unites the Eastern and Western seas.
LARDIFF, V. KINLOCH.
LARGO, in the District of St. Andrew's, and Shire of Fife : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 6 chalders of victual, £36.. 6.. 4.,
and £'20. Scotch for foggage : the manse is in excellent repair: the glebe con-
sists of 5 acres, and a garden : Patron, Mr. Durham, o{ Largo: The Church is
old, but in good condition. It is in the Presbytery of St. Andrew's, and Synod
of Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Village
of Drumochy) was 1867, and, in 1811, was 1973. It is 3 m. E. N. E. from
Leven. This Parish contains 5469 acres, stretching along a spacious Bay to
which it gives name, on the Northern Coast of the Firth of Forth : the whole is
inclosed, and well cultivated ; and the scenery is rendered particularly delight-
ful by the numerous Gentleraens' seats and extensive thriving plantations. The
air is often damp and cold, but not unhealthy. Coals, lime-stone, and free-
stone, are in abundance. The principal manufacture is that of linen. The Har-
bour of Largo is formed by the influx of the water of Keil, where vessels of 200
tons may receive or discharge their cargoes. Largo Law, a mountain of a
conical form, is elevated about 930 feet above the level of the sea. The funds
for the support of the Public School amount to about £30. per annum. In 1659,
an Hospital was founded here, by John Wood, Esq., a Cadet, for 12 old men
of the family of Largo, who are accommodated v.ith lodgings, and an annuity of
£13. Sterling. On the Western bank of the Keil, are the ruins of the ancient
vol. h. N n
L A R
Castle of Baler uvie, a place of considerable strength, and formerly a residence
of the powerful family of Lindsay. Of the old House oi Largo, only one round
Tower now remains, which forms a fine contrast to the elegant modern building,
erected as the Mansion-house of that ancient Barony, now the property of Major
General James Calderwood Durham. About a mile to theWestward, is the an-
cient Tower of Liindin, which now constitutes a part of a modern building, in the
Gothic style, the property of Sir William Erskine, Bart. This Parish Is said to
have given birth to Alexander Selkirk, rendered famous by the pen of Daniel
de Foe, under the title oi Robinson Crvsoe. Three large stones (erroneously
placed by St. Fond, who gives a drawing of them, between Kirkaldy and King-
horn) are situate in one of the inclosures oi Limdin near the road-side : they are
rude, and unshapely, without any figures or inscriptions, and are about 12 or 14
feet high above the ground : and are supposed to commemorate some military
event.
LARGS, in the District of Cuninghame, and Shire of Ayr : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 8 chalders of victual, and £'8.. 6.. 8.
for Communion elements : the manse is in good repair: the glebe consists oil-
acres: Patron, The Earl of Eglintoun : The Church is old. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Irvine, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of
this Town, and Parish, in 1801, (including the Village of Fairley) was 1361,
and, in 1811, was 1801. It is 79^ m. SW. b. W. from Edinburgh. The Mar-
ket is on Thursday. The Fairs are holden on the first Tuesday in February,
the second Tuesday in June (called St. Cohimbas day), the third Tuesday in
July, and the fourth Tuesday in October. A General Post-Office is established
here. It is pleasantly situate on the Firth of Clyde. This Parish contains about
19,743 acres : of which, about 4200 are arable, aod the rest are appropriated to
pasturage. The soil is light, and shallow, but tolerably productive. The cli-
mate is particularly pure, and healthy. Few districts exhibit more romantic
scenery. The great road, from Glasgow to Port-Patrick, runs through the
whole extent of it. The Salary of the Parochial School is about £20., together
with School-fees. There are several Castles, and Houses of considerable anti-
quity, in the Parish : particularly Skelnmrly Castle, the property of Colonel Hugh
Montgomery ; and Knock Castle, now in ruins, formerly belonging to an ancient
family of the name of Fras!:r, and now to Mr. Brisbane. Kellburn is the beau-
tiful Seat of The Earl of Glasgow, in which Noble family this estate has been
upwards of 500 years. Brisbane, is the seat of Thomas Brisbane, Esq., Chief
L A S
of the very ancient and respectable family of that name ; in whose possession
their large estate, consisting of 9748 acres, has been for several centuries. Here
are various tunutli, which are generally supposed to have been raised over the
bodies of the slain, after the memorable batlle of Largs, between the Scots and
Norwegians, in 1263 : in which the latter were defeated with great slaughter.
The Poem of Hardy knute alludes to this battle.
LARIG-NA-LOONE, PASS, v. RANNOCH.
LARIG-EILIE, PASS, v. RANNOCH.
LARK-HALL, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish of
Dalserf This is an increasing Village, situate upon the great Road leading from
Glasgow to Carlisle. It is principally inhabited by Weavers.
LASWADE, in the Shire of Edinburgh : formerly a Rectory and Vicarage,
the Stipend of M'hich, in 1811, was £70. .16. .5^ Sterling, 44 bolls 2 lippies of
oats, and 26 bolls 1 firlot 2 lippies of barley, together with an excellent manse,
which was built in 1789, and a glebe containing upwards of 5 acres of arable
land, besides pasture: Patron, Sir George Clerk, Bart., o( Penycuick: The
Church was built, in 1793. It is in the Presbytery of Dalkeith, and Synod of
Lothian and Tweeddale. When the Parish of Pentland was suppressed, after
the Reformation, the Barony of Roslin, the lands of Pentland, and other Districts
of that Parish, were annexed to Laswade ; these districts form the Western di-
vision of this Parish : And, in 1633, the Barony of Melville, which had formed
the greatest part of the old Parish of Melville, was, upon the Suppression of
Melville Parish, annexed to Laswade. The Resident Population of this Parish,
thus enlarged, in 1801, was 3348, and, in 1811, was 3723. It is 2 m. W. S. W.
from Dalkeith. Here is a good Market for Butcher's meat. This Parish is about
8 miles in length, and from 2 to 4 miles in bi-eadth : it is divided nearly into two
equal parts by the river North Esk: on the North, it includes the Eastern extre-
mity of the Pentland Hills, which is partly covered with heath, and partly with
fine green pasture ; on the South, there is an extensive tract of moor and wet
moss ; about 1000 acres are covered with wood ; and the remainder, which is
by far the greatest part of the Parish, is arable, and the soil is rich. Gardening
is carried on here to a considerable extent, but especially the cultivation of
Straicberries. The climate is extremely various. Here are two extensive
Bleachfields, one Barley and two Meal Mills, and five Paper Mills, all in a flou-
rishing state. The whole Parish abounds with seams of excellent coal, lime-
stone, and free-stone. Here is a well conducted School, the Salary and perqui-
N n2
I. A T
sites amounting" to about £36. per annicm, together with a good House. On the
banks of the North Esk, wliich flows beautifully for several miles within this
Parish, are many of those favoured spots, which Nature and Art have combined
to adorn to an uncommon degree. In the midst of this pleasing Scenery, is situate
the House of Haicthornden, remarkable not only for its having belonged to
William Drummond, the Poet and Historian, but also for the caves in the vast
precipice beneath it ; and which are thought to have been places of refuge in
turbulent times : detached from the principal cave, is a smaller one, called The
Cyjjress Grove, where Drummond is said to have composed many of liis Poems.
It was in these Caverns that the brave Sir Alexander Ramsay, in 1341, one of
the Ancestors oftheDALHOusiEFamily,and who performed such exploits of valour
during: the contest for the Crown between Bruce and Baliol, used to conceal
himself. Here, he was resorted to by the young warriors of the day, who con-
sidered it as a necessary piece of military education to have been of his band ;
and from thence he sallied forth as occasion presented itself, and attacked the
English, then in possession of Edinburgh. Near Mavisbank, the elegant Man-
sion of Sir George Clerk, Bart., is a mound of earth of considerable height,
which is supposed, from the various Roman antiquities discovered in it, to have
been a Roman Station ; and, accordingly, the late General Roy has pointed it
out in his Military Antiquites, as the place wliere the Romans passed the North
Esk, in their way from the South to Cramond. Mr. Grose has preserved three
views of the Castellated Mansion oi Hmcthornden. The Editor of'' Select
Psalms in Verse" justly regrets, that Dryden never undertook tlie task of rend-
ering some of the subliraer Psalms, nor Drummond, oi Hawthornden, any of the
pathetic ones ; with what spirit would the former great Post have paraphrased
the 24th, the 68th, or the 89th, and how admirably would the42d, and the 137th
have suited the delicious melancholy of Drummond's Muse ! See, Melville, Pent-
land, and Roslin.
LATHALLAN, v. KILLCONQUHAR.
LATHALMOND, in the District of Dunfermlin, and Shire of Fife : in the
Parish of Dunfermlin. It is 4 m. E. from Saline, and 3| m. N. from Dunferm-
lin. Here is an extensive Lime-rock, and a large Draw-kihi on an improved
construction for burning it : wl)ich being of excellent quality, is carried to a great
distance by the Farmers.
LATHERON, in the Shire of Caithness : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was lOUO mcrks Scotch, besides £'60. Scotch for Communion
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elements, and 6 chalders of victual, half meal , half bear : a manse, and a glebe of
6 acres of arable land, and some grass: Patron, Sir John Sinclair, Bart. : The
Church is in good repair. It is in the Presbytery of Caitlmess, and Synod of
Caithness and Sutherland. The Resident Population of this Parisli, in 1801,
was 3612, and, in 1811, was 3926. It is 4 m. N. F. from Dunbeath. This
Parish was formerly divided into two Parishes at least, if not more. In th6 Title
deeds of TJor^r, a jjart of the estate of Dunbeath, it is called the town and lands
oi Nether Borg, lying in the Parish of Dunbeath, and ShWe of Inverness : And, in
the history of the wars of Scotland, mention is made, that, in consequence of
some dissensions between The Earls of Sutherland and Caithness, the former
sent 200 men into Caithness, in the month of February 158S, who over-ran the
Parishes of Dunheath and Latheron in a hostile manner. This Parish is situate
at the Southern extremity of the Shire, and extends 27 miles Northward from
Tlie Burn of the Orel, along the Sea-coast, and is from 10 to 15 miles in breadth.
The surface is partly flat, and partly mountainous : near the coast, are several
Straths, surrounded with high lands, that are covered with heath or pasture : the
soil is in some places a strong rich clay, but mostly inclines to gravel, and where
cultivated, is tolerably productive. The climate, in general, is dry, and healthy.
The coast is bold and rocky, but possesses several natural harbours, which are
stations for the vessels employed in the fisheries. The tracts of moss and rauir
ground are immense. The principal Mountains are Morvine, Scarabine, and
Maiden-Pap; the former of which is said to be elevated more than a mile above
the level of the sea ; and near its summit is a fine spring. There are three
small rivers, Dunbeath, Langwell, and Berriedale, the two last uniting within
one hundred yards of the sea: they all contain salmon, and trout. There are
likewise two small Lakes, Ranga and Stempsfer, where trout and eels are found :
on the side of the first, are the ruins of a small fortification, and contiguous to the
latter are the remains of a large Druidical Temple. A Missionary is at present
employed, between the extremities of this Parish and the Parish of Halkirk,
who is principally supported by the Inhabitants of those districts. The Salary
of the Parochial School is 100 raerks Scotch, together with perquisites. The
Society have also two Schools here ; and there are three or four private schools in
distant parts of the Parish. The impolitic and detrimental system of vnlimited
Services is continued in many respects here. There are several old Castles at
Berriedale, Dunbeath, Knockinnon, Latheron, Forse, Swinzee, and Clyth : most
of them are situate on lofty rocks above the sea, and were anciently places of
L A U
considerable strength : Part of the walls of the old Castle at Achaislal still re-
main entire, and human bones are occasionally discovered in the ruins : it was
built, and possessed by John Beg, third son to The Earl of Sutherland. There
are also the remains of many Picts' Houses ; and likewise of several Cairns,
some of them of a square, and others of a circular form.
LATHRISK, V. KETTLE.
LATRICK, V. CAMBUS-LANG.
LAUCHOPE, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish of
Bothwell. This was the Seat of a very ancient family, the Chief of the
MuiRHEADS : it has since passed through several hands. Part of the old Tower
is still inhabited.
LAUDER, or LEDAR, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction,
locally situate in the Shire of Berwick : formerly a Rectory, with the ancient
Chapels of Kedslea, and St. Leonard's, annexed : the Stipend of which, in
1811, was £150., together with a manse, and glebe : Patron, The Earl of Lau-
derdale : The Church, which formerly stood at the Northern end of the Town,
opposite to Lauder Fort, was relinquished on the 2Sth of June 1617, when the
present Church was erected in the South-East quarter of the Town. The
Chapel of Kedslea stood on the West side of the Lauder, on a site which was
actually named Chapel, in a detached part of the Parish of Lauder, on the
South. St. Leonard's Chapel stood on the Western side of the Latider,
Southward from the Town, and somewhat West from the site of St. Leonard's
Hospital : Richard Morville, who died in 1189, granted St. Leonard's Chapel
with its pertinents, to the Monks of Dryburgh ; and " St. Leonard's Banks'"
are still celebrated in Scottish Song. It is in the Presbytery of Lauder, and
Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident Population of this Town, and
Parish, in 1801, was 1760, and, in 1811, was 1742. It is 25 m. S. E. from
Edinburgh, and 355|- m, N. b. W. from London. The Fairs are holden on the
Third Friday in June, and the 4th of July, August, October, and November.
Lauder is one of the Contributary Royal Boroughs with Jedburgh, in sending one
Member to Parliament. It is noted for an insolent act of Justice done by the
Nobility on the upstart favourites of James the Third, in 1482; when, the
Nobility who were assembled here with their vassals, in obedience to His
Majesty's summons, in order to repel a foreign invasion, took this opportunity to
free themselves from their wretched governors, by seizing the favourite Minister,
Sir Robert Cochrane, who had been raised from a common Mason to be Earl
L A U
of Marb^ and hanged liim and his associates over Lauder Bridge, in sight of
the King and the army ; and the House, in whicli the King also was seized, is
still standing . It is a General Post-Office Town. Lauder, and its Territory, were
the property of the Baliols ; but when they ceased, by forfeiture, to be so, they
became, by grant, the Estate of Sir James Douglas. Lauder now followed, the
fortunes of that ambitious family, when, by their overbearing behaviour, it was
forfeited, and was transferred to The Earls of Angus, who succeeded thera also
in their practice of domination. At the Accession of Robert the Second, Lau-
der was a Regality, within the Constabulary of Lauder. At length, this Town
was created a free Borough, in December 1502, by a Charter of James the
Fourth, to be holden of the King, and his Successors, in free burgage, for ever :
this Charter was confirmed by an Act of Parliament, dated the 28th of June
1633. The Corporation consists of 17 members; namely, of Fifteen Counsellors,
and two Baillies. The whole Reveiuie of this Corporation, as returned to Par-
liament, in 1788, was only £'85. per annum. There is a peculiar custom here;
the King having of old conveyed 105 acres to 105 persons, thereby made 105
burgesses, with this condition annexed to their burgage tenure, that there never
should be more burgesses than there are burgess acres. After Berwick had ceased
to belong to North Britain, in 1482, Lauder was often used as the Shire Town,
and the Seat of the Scottish Parliament: but its present appearance is mean, and
conveys no idea of its former splendour. This Parish extends about 8 miles from
North to South ; but the bulk of it is contained in four miles, upon the Strath of
Lauder water : the soil is rather light and sandy ; it is in general fertile, and,
of late, has been highly cultivated : the surface rises gradually from the river on
each side, to hills of moderate height, mostly green, though occasionally covered
with a mixtui'e of heath and juniper. Copper ore has been discovered in several
places, but it is not sufficiently rich to defray the expense of working. Muir-
stone is abundant, and there is plenty of slate, but of an inferior quality. Adder-
stones, and arrow points of flint, commonly called Elf or Fairy arrows, and
other stones in the most fanciful shapes, are frequently found here after heavy
rains. The air is pure, and healthy ; and this Town has often been called the
Scotch 3Ionlj}elier. The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair. Peat and
turf were formerly used here for fuel ; but, since the turnpike Roads were made,
coals, though transported from the distance of 15 miles, are used for that pur-
pose, both in the Town, and country. There are the remains of several circular
encampments, commonly called Rings; the largest of which is on Tollis or
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Tulliiis Hill. A considerable number of Roman, Spanish, English, and Scottish
coins, have been dug up here. Many tumuli are to be seen on Lauder Muir,
where, it is probable, some battles have been fought, as fragments of swords,
bow^s, arrows, &c., have been found there. Near the Town, by the river side,
stands Thirlestane Castle ov Lauder Fort, the principal Seat of The Earl of Lau-
derdale : it was built by Edward the First, when he over-run all Scotland ; it
was repaired, about the end of the Seventeenth Century, and converted into a
Dwelling-house by The Duke of Lauderdale, in the reign of Charles the
Second: there are some noble apartments in it, which are rich in stuccoed work,
and one of the largest is preserved as a curious example of the taste of the age.
And we are told in a beautiful song, that there is a Peel on Leader-Haughs,
" Which stands, as sweet on Leader-side,
" As Neicark does on Yarrow."
LAUDERDALE, in the Shire of Berwick. This is one of the three Divi-
sions of the County, being that extensive tract on both sides of the Leader wafer,
and which rises from the river to the heiohts of Lammer-Muir on the one hand,
and to the heights of The Lothians on the other. From this District the Ancient
and Illustrious family of Maitland, first Earls, then Dukes, and now Earls
again, take their title : His Lordship being a Peer of the United Kingdom, by
the title of Baron Lauderdale, of Thirlestane, Keeper of the Great Seal, and
Hereditary Royal Standard-Bearer of Scotland, and a Baronet. His Lordship's
ancestors have been, for several centuries, Lords of Thirlestane; and are origin-
ally descended from James the Second, King of Scotland. The Grandson of the
first Peer enjoyed the distinguished confidence of Charles the Second at the
Restoration, by whom he was, in 1672, created Marquis of March, and Duke
of Lauderdale ; and, in 1674, was farther advanced to the English honours of
Baron Petersham, and Earl of Guildford ; but deceasing, without issue
male, in 1682, these titles became extinct. Here are various Roman, and
British remains.
LAURENCE KIRK, anciently CONVETH, in the Shire of Kincardine : for-
merly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. ; the manse was
built in 1731 : the glebe consists of 19 acres, and the Kirk lands belonging to
the College : Patrons, The Masters of the New College, of St. Andrew's : The
Church, which is dedicated to St. Laurence, is too small for the Congregation.
It is in the Presbytery of Fordoun, and Synod of Angus and Mcanis. This Par-
ish consists of one large ridge, extending longitudinally from East to West, and
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sloping gently to its Northern and Southern extremities: and contains 4381
square acres. The soil is fertile, and mostly on a bottom of clay. It is watered
by the river Lenlher, and its tributary streams. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 1215, and, in 1811, was 1309. It is 10 m. N. E. from
Brechin. The Fair is holden on the second Tuesday, O. S., in August. The
climate is healthy. The Roads, and Bridges, are in tolerable repair. Peats are
abundant. There is very little waste ground, and no Common in the Parish :
and a great part of it is inclosed. The Village of Laurence Kirk, wliich is partly
the property of The Earl of Kintore, andparfly of Lord Gardenstown, is in a
very flourishing condition. In 1730, the number of its Inhabitants did not exceed
80 : In 1762, when the estate of Johnston was purchased by the late Lord Gar-
DENSTOv^'N, they had decreased to 64 : In 1765, this patriotic Nobleman laid
down a plan of a New Village, and began to feu lots of land for houses and
gardens, and to give leases of small Farms for 100 years, at a low rent, and on
the most liberal terms: Settlers flocked rapidly to the New Village ; and, in
1799, it was erected into a Burgh of Barony ; its territory being fixed to the
length of the King's Highway, within Lord Gardenstown's estate, and to 838
yards in breadth on each side of the road : The Burgesses are empowered to
elect every three years, from the 1st of June 1780, a Magistracy, consisting of
a Baillie, and four Counsellors, to regulate the Police and manage the concerns
of the Burgh ; with the privilege of holding weekly Markets, and an annual Fair
on the 3d of January. The public spirited Proprietor also erected a commodious
Inn, with a well selected Library adjoining to it, for the amusement of travellers
who stop there : His Lordship also encouraged, and liberally contributed to the
establishment of a linen manufactory and bleach-field, which are now in a thriv-
ing state. A General Post-Office is established here. In the neighbourhood,
is a Seat of the Nobie Family of Gardenstown. The House of Halkerton, long
the residence of the Noble Family of Falconer, and from whence they took the
title oi Baron, now belongs, together with the estates, to The Earl of Kintore.
" We stopped," says Mr. Boswell, " at Laurence Kirk, where our gf eat Gram-
marian, RuDDiMAN, was once School-master. We respectfully remembered that
excellent man and eminent Scholar, by whose labours a knowledge of the Latin
language will be preserved in Scotland, if it shall be preserved at all. Lord
Gardenstown, one of our Judges, collected money to raise a Monument to him
at this place, which I hope will be well executed." This Monument, it is be-
lieved, has not been erected.
VOL. II, O o '
LEG
LAURENCE, ST. v. SLAMANNAN.
LAURIESTON, in tlie Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of Falkirk. It
is 1 m. E. from Falkirk. This is a consideiable Village, and contains a Chapel
for the most ancient Presbyterian Dissenters in Scotland, who are generally
known by the name of Macmillanites. Lord Dundas, of Aske, gives a dwelling-
house and School-room here, for the encouragement of a School-master ; but no
Salary is annexed.
LAURIESTON, CASTLE, v. CYRUS, ST.
LAWERS, V. MONIVAIRD.
LAWERS, V. WEEM.
LAWHILL, V. NEWBURN.
LAWSTOWN, V. CASTLE-TOWN.
LAWTON, V. INVER-KEILOR.
LAXEY, in The Isle of Man ; and in the Parish of Lonan. This is a small
Village, situate in the bosom of a deep glen, upon the banks of a retired creek,
which opens, on the East, into a fine bay. It is a place of little trade; and
neither the herring, nor salmon fisheries are considerable. Its neighbourhood
is chiefly interesting on account of its lead, and copper mines.
LEAD-HILLS, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish of
Crawford. It is 46 m. S. b. W. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is
established here. The lead mines here are the most famous and ancient in Scot-
land. There are two Companies, the most considerable of which is known by
the name of The Scotch Mining Company ; and their affairs are conducted
with great judgment and economy. The Earl of Hopetoun, who is Proprietor
of the soil, receives the SixtJi bar of lead for rent. The Miners work only 6 hours
a day; and having therefore much leisure time, they employ themselves in read-
ing, and have accordingly fitted up a public Library at their own expense, to
the support of which almost every Miner contributes. There is also a very
good School in the Village, and a Chapel. A great part of the lead is sent
to Leith, where the silver is extracted from it by a Company established for that
purpose.
LEALDIE, V. ALNESS.
LECKIE, V. GARGUNNOCK.
LECROPT, partly in the Shire of Perth, and partly in the Shire of Stirl-
ing : formerly a Chapelry, annexed to the Bislioprick of Dunkeld : the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £"48..19..2j. in money, 43 bolls of meal, and 23 bolls of
I. E G
barley : the manse is commodious, and in good repair : the glebe consists of 7
acres of fertile land, properly inclosed: Patron, James Stirling, Esq., of Ktir ;
The Church, which is an old Gothic building, is in good condition. It is in the
Presbytery of Dunblane, and Synod of Pertii and Stirling. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish was,
In 1801. In 1811.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Perth, - 260. - - 229.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Stirling, - 248. - - 279.
508. 508.
It is 3 m. N. b. W. from Stirling. This Parish contains about 2000 acres of
land ; one half of which is carse, and the other dry-field : they are separated by
a beautiful bank, from whence there is one of the finest prospects in this pai't of
the Island. It is watered by the rivers Teath, and Allan. Agriculture is much
attended to here. The climate is healthy. The roads are bad. The Salary
of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, together with School-fees, and
perquisites. There are several ancient forts, which are supposed to have been
erected by the Caledonians, to watch the motions of the Roman troops that were
stationed on the Wall of Antoninus. On the site of one of these Forts is situate
The House of Keir, the elegant Residence of James Stirling, Esq., who is the
Proprietor of more than one half of the Parish, and whose Family has been long
and justly respected for their benevolence, and for their example and influence in
the improvement of the Country.
LEDBEG, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of Assint. Here
is plenty of fine marble. Some years ago, an ancient instrument, thought to be a
Druidical pruning hook, was discovered at this place.
LEDNOCH, V. MONEDIE.
LEE, V. CARLUKE.
LEGERWOOD, in the Shire of Berwick: formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £150., together with a manse, and glebe: Patron,
Mr. Ker, of Kersfield : The Church is modern, and is situate about half a mile
Eastward from the Village, It is in the Presbytery of Lauder, and Synod of
Merse a»i<:/ Teviotdale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
495, and, in 1811, was 560. It is 5 m. S. E. from Lauder. This Parish ex-
tends about 3 miles in length, by 2^ miles in breadth. The surface consists of
an assemblage of hills rising gradually from the Leader, interspersed with deep
mosses ; in which are found large trunks of different kinds of trees, which renders
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LEI
it highly probable that the hills and glens, with the circumjacent country, were
formerly an immense forest. The soil of the arable land is chiefly a blackish mossy
loam, intermixed with sand, and the gravel formed by the mouldering down of the
adjacent rocks : it is tolerably fertile : but the climate is severe. Birkhill-side,
the seat of the Family of Shillinglaw, is the only Mansion of note. The Roads
are bad. At Corshie, West 3forayston, and Wlutslade, are three of those an-
cient Towers, in which the Inhabitants sought protection during the predatory
incursions of the Borderers. The School-master's Salary is 300 merks, besides
the School-fees, and perquisites. Here was an ancient Hospital, the Guardian
of which swore fealty to Edward the First, in 1296.
LEINZIE, V. KIRKINTILLOCH.
LEITH-HALL, v. KINNETHMONT.
LEITH, NORTH, anciently INVER LEITH, within the Jurisdiction of the
City awrf Burgh of Edinburgh : formerly a Chapelry ; Patrons, The heads of
Families : Both the Church, and Manse, are as old as the times of Popery, but
they have undergone a variety of repairs ; the Church received a very consider-
able one in the year 1736, when it was in a great measure re-built : they are
upholden by the Kirk-Session, wholikewise pay all the Stipend, except 400merks,
which are paid by the Parish of St. Cuthbert, in consequence of the Bai-onies of
Newhaven, and Hill-House Field being annexed to North Leith. It is in the
Presb;^1;ery of Edinburgh, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident
Population of this Parish,in 1801, (includingNorth Leith, Coal-Hill, The Citadel,
Newhaven, and Hill-House Field) was 3228, and, in 1811, was 4875. It is 2
ra. N. from Edinburgh. Both a General, and a Penny-Post Office, are estab-
lished here. It is situate at the influx of the water o{ Leith with the Forth, which
forms the Harbour, and divides the Town into two Districts, called Nortli and
South Leith, that communicate by a Draw-bridge over the Harbour. The Harbour,
which is the principal source of wealth to the place, has nine feet depth of water at
commonNeap tides, and sixteen atthe Spring tides. In the beginning of the Seven-
teenth Century, the Town Council of Edinburgh improved it at a great expense,
by carrying out a stone Pier a considerable way into the sea ; and, in 1777, they
erected a new Quay on the North side, widening and deepening tlie Harbour at
the same time : it is accommodated with wet and dry Docks, and other conve-
niences for Ship-building, which is carried on to a great extent, q,s many vessels
come to Leith from the neighbouring Ports to be repaired. In 1800, the Town
Council of Edinburgh, always active in promoting improvements, begun to l)uild
a new Bason, with extensive Docks on the North side, which, when comi)leted.
L E I
will render it a very capacious, as well as a safe and convenient station, for
tradino^ vessels of almost any burden. Shi[)s, indeed, can only ertter at full tide ;
but The Roads ofLeith, which lie about a mile from the mouth of the Harbour,
afford excellent anchorage at all times, for ships of any size. The Harbour of
Leith was granted to the Community of Edinburgh by King Robert the First,
in 1329 ; and, in 1561, they obtained the Superiority of the Burgh by purchase,
which has been confirmed to them by the grants of successive Sovereigns.
North Leith originally belonged to the Parish of Holyrood-House, from which
it was disjoined and, erected into a separate Parish, in 1606. It then compre-
hended only the Village of North Leith, and the Coal Hill, which are a part of
the Barony of Broughton ; but, in the year 1630, the Baronies of Newhaven, and
Hill-House Field, which belonged to the Parish of St. Cuthbert or West Kirk,
were annexed to it. The Parish is of an oblongr fio:ure, extendino: alonjr the sea-
shore about an English mile in length, and is a cjuarter of a mile in breadth : it
is bounded by the Firth of Forth on the North, by the Parish of St. Cuthbert on
the \^'est, and by South Leith on the South and East. The face of the country
is flat ; its soil is light, and sandy ; and it is all inclosed. There are properly
no farms in the Parish, and it does not exceed 170 acres; of which, about 20
acres are in Kitchen gardens. The only Heritor is Mr. Robertson, of Lady-
Kirk ; the rest are feuars, who hold of the Trinity-House at Leith. The air, in
general, is sharp, clear, and healthy. It has been much frequented, of late years,
for Sea-bathing, and a number of handsome Houses have been erected for the
accommodation of strangers. The Tythe of Fish, which belongs to the Kirk-
Session, yields annually about £'63..10..0. ; but that arises chiefly from the dry
fish imported from Shedand, amounting to about 5 per cent, on the Twentieth
fish ; this was purchased frotn Lord Holyrood-House, who succeeded the
Abbot of that Name (and to which Abbey this Chapel was subordinate), at
ISOOmerks, and is part of the fund for paying the Minister's Stipend ; but, Mr.
Neill esteems this a most ungracious tax, considering that the fish had already
paid tythe m Shetland. Lobsters, oysters, and muscles abound in the neigh-
bourhood. Coal is the general fuel here. The Schoolmaster's Salary is 300
merks, besides School-fees, and a few small perquisites. A Sunday-School has
been established, which is found to be of great benefit'; and the Master is allowed
Five guineas per anmtm, by the Society for promoting Religious Knowledge
among the Poor. At the time of its being made a free Burgh of Barony, by the
Queen Regent, Mary of Lorraine, the inhabitants of Leith were divided into
four Classes, rt,s., the Manners, Malt-men, Trades, and Traffickers, who \vere
LEI
erected into Corporations by the same Charter : of these, the Mariners were the
most numerous ; they obtained from the same Queen, a gift, afterwards ratified
by William and Mary, of one penny duty jjer ton, on goods in the harbour of
Leith, for the support of their Poor ; and for tlie same benevolent purpose, every
Shipmaster or Mariner pays six pence per pound out of their wages ; by which
the Corporation is enabled to make charitable donations to a great amount. The
four Corporations still retain their Charters : and the Government of the Town
is vested in a Magistrate sent from Edinburgh, having the power and Title of
Admiral of Leith, and in two residing Baillies, who are elected from the
Inhabitants of Leith by the Town Council of Edinburgh. The Bridge is the
property of the Town Council of Edinburgh. There is only one Turnpike
road in the Parish, upon which there is a Toll-bar close by the Church-yard,
At the mouth of the Harbour is a Light-house with reflecting Lamps ; and a
Beacon a mile distant from thence. The Town is supplied with good water,
and the Streets are properly cleaned and lighted, vmder an Act of Parliament
obtained, in 1771. Leith was strongly fortified by the Queen Regent, at the
time of the Reformation, and was surrounded with a wall having eight bastions.
The Fortifications, erected by Oliver Cromwell, in North Leith, called T7te
Citadel, for the purpose of defending the Harbom*, were demolished by order of
Government, at the Restoration of Charles the Second, and the ground given
to The Duke of Lauderdale ; from whom the Council of Edinburgh, in their
ardour for pre-eminence, purchased it at the enormous price of £6000. About
the year 1781, a Battery of nine guns was erected to the West of the Citadel, in
consequence of the appearance of Paul Jones ; who, with only three armed ships
of small size, had the audacity to threaten the destruction of the ships both in the
Road and the Harbour : an Officer with eighteen or twenty Artillerymen reside
in this Battery, and keep it in excellent order. Besides The Mariners' Corpor-
ation, to which belongs the Trinity Hospital for their poor, there is another
Hospital, called King James's Hospital, for the poor belonging to the Corpora-
tions. A considerable trade is carried on betwixt Leith and various foreign parts,
but the principal commerce is with the Baltic, for which it is very conveniently
situate. The London traders are commodiously fitted up for Passengers, and
one generally sails every three or four days. Here are large manufactures of
glass, soap, candles, carpets, sail-cloth, cordage, and several iron forges. The
Edinburgh Races are holden on the sands of Leith, lying to the South and East
of the Town.
LEITH, SOUTH, within the Jurisdiction of the City and Burgh of Edin-
I
LEI
BURGH : formerly a Cliapelry, now compreliending the ancient Rectory of Res-
talrio-. A Colleoriate establishment was made in the Parish of Rcstalrig, by
James the Third, improved by James the Fourth, and com|)leted by James
the Fifth, for a Dean, nine Prebendaries, and two Singing-boys: but, this
Collegiate erection seems not to have interfered with the Parsonage, which
remained entire, until the Reformation : the first General Assembly of the Re-
formed Church, which met, without authority, at Edinburgh, in December
1560, ordained the Kirk of Reslalrig to be utterly destroyed, as " a Monument
of Idolatry :'" and, the Parishioners were ordered to perform their future devo-
tions in the Chapel of The Virgin in South Leith : the Revenues of the Chap-
lainries were now appropriated as a Stipend, for the Officiating Ministers of the
Parish of Restalrig : in 1609, the Parliament divested the Church and Parish of
Restalrig of their legal rights, which were conferred on Marys Chapel, m South
Leith, with the whole revenues, and pertinents ; and South Leith was now made
a separate Parish : The Patronage of tliis Parish belonged, in 1604, to Robert
Logan, the profligate Baron of Restalrig, who sold it to the first Lord
Balmerino, the Secretary of State ; and whose descendant forfeited it, in 1746.
It is now served by two Ministers : The Patronage of the First belonging to the
Crown ; and that of the Second, to the Kirk-Session, and Incorporated Trades :
The Church-yard, which surrounds the ancient Church of Restalrig, continues
to be the Cemetery of the Parish. It is in the Presbytery of Edinburgh, and
Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, (including the Calton-Hill of Edinburgh, Abbey-Hill, Leith Walk, Res-
talrig, and South Leith) was 12,044, and, in 1811, was 15,488. It is 2 m. N.
from Edinburgh. During the reign of Robert the First, a family of the name of
Logan, according to Mr. Chalmers, obtained a right to Restalrig, with its per-
tinents. In 1398, Sir Robert Logan, Knt., of Restalrig, sold to the Magistrates
of Edinburgh some ground, lying between the river and the houses of South
Leith, for the convenience of lading and unlading their ships, and the use of a
passage or road between Edinburgh cfJifZ Leith, through his Barony of Restalrig;
and he gave them also the right of erecting granaries for corn, and of keeping
shops for the sale of commodities in the Town of South Leith: such is the origin
of the rights of Edinburgh, in South Leith. — In 1555, the Queen Regent, Mary
of Lorraine, purchased from Robert Logan, of Restalrig, the Superiority of the
Town, and LiH As, of Soutli Leith: and, the Inhabitants of the Town of South
Leith advanced £3000. Scotch of the price, on an engagement, Jiowever, that slie
L E N
would erect South Leith into a Royal Borough : and this the Queen Regent,
iu some measure, carried into effect ; she even erected a House, for her resi-
dence, at South Leith, and she thus attracted several of the Nobles to follow
her example : But, the Reformation darkened all their prospects ; and the siege
of Leith, in 1560, ruined the whole. In 1566, Queen Mary, amidst her dis-
tresses, borrowed 10,000 merks of Edinburgh, and mortgaged the Superiority of
South Leith, for the re-payment : When the Queen was dethroned, in 1567, the
Town Council of Edinburgh, taking advantage of the existing anarchy, took
possession of South Leith by an armed force : and, after various oppressions,
the Magistrates of Edinburgh, by watching occasions, at length obtained a com-
plete title to the Superiority of it. Mr. Grose has preserved a View of the
Church of Restalrig. The Calton, is a lofty Hill close to the City, on the North:
and round it is a walk, lately laid out, which commands avast extent and variety
of prospect. The Hill itself is also a beautiful object ; and on its summit is the
Observatory " a half-finished work," and a lesser buildiug belonging to it, in
the shape of a Gothic Tower. On the South- West end of this Hill is a Buryiug-
ground; at the utmost verge of which, upon the brow of the rock, are deposited
the remains of that ornament of his Country, David Hume : over whom a
Monument, in the Greek taste, designed by Mr. Adam, has lately been erected.
LEMPIT-LAW, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh : a Rectory,
anciently valued at £4. : the Ruins of the Church may still be seen, and the
Church-yard continues to be used occasionally. It belonged to the Monks of
Kelso ; and was, in early times, annexed to Sprouston. Afterwards, Richard
Germyne, the Lord of the Manor, granted to the Hospital of Soltre, for the
support of that House, and the Paupers, and Pilgrims resorting to the same, the
Church of Lempit-Law, together with the Tythes. It is 5 m. E. b. S. from
Kelso.
LENDRUM, V. MONTQUHITTER.
LENEY, in the Shire of Perth : an ancient Parish, now united to the Parish
of Callander : The Church is in ruins, but the Clmrch-yard is still in use. This
Parish comprehends the village ofKilmahog, of which John Hamilton Buchan-
NAN, Esq., of Leney, is Superior, and Proprietor. At The Pass of Leney is a
beautiful cataract. The site of Norie's Chapel, at Little Leney, is now used as
a cemetery by those of the name of Bucuannan.
LENNAL vi COLDSTREAM
LENNOX, SHIRE, v. DUMBARTON, SHIRE.
LEO
LENNOX TOWER, r. CURRIE.
LENNOX TOWN, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of Campsie.
Inl78G, Messrs. Lindsay, Smith, and .Company, erected a very extensive Calico
Printfield, on a Farm of about 30 acres, at the Lennox Mill, or Wester Field,
which has been carried on with great spirit and success : another Field has also
been laid out there for bleaching Lawns. The workmen are commodiously ac-
commodated at the New Village here.
LENTRATHEN, or GLEN TRATHEN, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly
a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £51..11..4|., and 49 bolls of
victual : the manse is a good house, and in repair : the glebe consists of 4 acres :
Patron, Walter Ogilvie, Esq., of Clova: The Church is a new, and elegant
fabrick. It is in the Presbytery of Meigle, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 919, and, in 1811, was 958. It
is 5 ra. N. b. E. from Alyth. This Parish is about 8 miles in length, and 4
miles in breadth, stretching along the skirts of the Grampian Mountains, and is
of a bleak and barren aspect : The surface is uneven, and the greater part of the
arable land is a thin, moorish soil ; the seasons are late, and the grain is rather of
an inferior quality. It is watered by the river Isla, and one of its tributary streams,
called the Melfjam, wliich formerly gave the title of Viscount to the Noble family
of Gordon, extinct in 1631: Upon i\\e Isla are numerous line Water-falls, of
which T/ie Beeky Linn, and Tlie Slug of Achranie, are the most remarkable;
Tlie Reeky Linn is a cataract of about 80 feet in height, the rocks are lofty and
grand ; and it only requires the ornament of wood, and a little more water to
make it altogether equal to Cora on the Clyde: Immediately upon the brink
of T7ie Slug of Achranie is a mound, which has the appearance of having
once been used as a place of strength. The Melgam issues from a beautiful
circular Lake, of about a mile in diameter ; the East Side of which, bounded by
steep rocks, is of immense depth ; it abounds with pike, perch, and trout. On
the South West declivity of the Knock of Formal, near the banks of the Isla, are
the ruins of a Castle, which is said to have been built several Centuries ago, by
Sir Allan Dorret or Dorward, one of the ancestors of the family of Airlv.
The only Fuel is peat or turf The Salary of the Parochial School, and perqui-
sites, amount to about £30. Sterling. Here, as on other scenes of feudal con-
tention, are numerous cairns.
LENTURK, CASTLE, v. LEOCHEL.
LEOCIIEL, in ttie District of Allbrd, and Shire of Aberdeen: formerly a
VOL. II. P p
LEO
Vicarage, with the Parish of Cushnie annexed, in 1798 ; the Stipend of which,
in 1811, was 32 bolls of meal, at 8 stones per boll, 16 bolls of bear, and
£'31. .2.. 2^. Sterling in money; together with 50 merks Scotch, and some small
services, paid by the tenants of Corse, for serving that Cure : the ihanse is small,
but commodious : the glebe, tliougli not legal, is a piece of the best ground in
the Parish : Patron, Sir William Forbes, of Craigievar. The Church is old,
and in bad repair. It is in the Presbytery of Alford, and Synod of Aberdeen.
The Resident Population of this'Parish, in 1792, (including the lands of Corse)
was 571, and, in 1811, was 390. It is 3|m. S. b W. from zVlford. This Parish
is about 5 miles in length, and 4 miles in breadth. The surface is hilly ; but
none «f the eminences are of great elevation, except the Hill of Corse ; all of
them are covered with heath, and abound with game of various kinds. The
arable land is abundantly fertile, but the seasons are in general rather late. The
Roads are indifferent. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together
with School -fees, and perquisites, a good school-house, and a rood of land.
Around the Castle of Craigievar, the Seat of Sir William Forbes, of Craig-
ievar, are several thriving Plantations. The Castle of Lenturk, now in ruins,
belongs to the family of Forbes. The Castle of Corse, which was built in
1581, is likewise in ruins, and is also the property of the family of Forbes,
which has produced many eminent Divines,
LEONARD'S, ST. v. LAUDER.
LEONARD'S, ST., in the District of St. Andrew's, and Shire of Fife: for-
merly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 5 chalders of victual, one
half of which is payable in oats, and the rent of a morlification of an acre and a
half of land: But there is no decreet ^f locality of the Stipend of this Parish on
record : And, from the Report transmitted by the Presbytery and the Minister to
the Teind Court, it appears, that The College of St. Leonard's, now united to
St. Salvator, was endowed by Prior Hepbur.v in 1512, who conveyed to The
College, or the founded persons therein mentioned, certain lands and Teinds
lying in the Parishes of St. Leonard and King's Barns, with an exemption from
all public or parochial burdens ; and this mortification or endowment is said to
have been confirmed by sundry Royal Charters and Acts of Parliament, in virtue
of which these lands, have, for 300 years, remained free from all public or
Parochial burdens. Prior Hepburn, also provided a Stipend for the Minister of
St. Leonard's, which he allocated upon his vassals in the Parishes of St. Andrew
and Leuchars: Patron, The Crown. It is in the Presbytery of St. Andrew's,
L E R
and Synod of Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including
part of the Suburbs of Argyle) was 363, and, in 1>^11, was 381. The Parish of
St. Leonard consists of a few Districts in different quarters of the City and
Suburbs of St. Andrew's, together with two Farms in the Country, about three
miles distant from the City ; all originally belonging to the Priory, afterwards
to The College of St. Leonard, and now to the United College of St. Salvator
and St. Leonard. It is probable, that the erection of the Parish is of the same
date with the foundation of the Colles^e whose name it bears. Althouo^h the
Principal of St. Leonard's did not always officiate as Minister of the Parish, and
in the instance of Mr. George Buchanan, was not even a Clergyman, it is ne-
vertheless, certain, that, for some time before the Revolution, the two offices
were holden by the same person ; and ever since that period, the Prin-
cipal of the College has been a Clergyman and Minister of this Parish. See,
Andrew's, St.
LERWICK, in the Mainland, and in the Shire of Orkney and Shetland :
formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was -500 merks payable out
of The Bishop of Orkney's rents, 300 merks from the stent of the Town, 200 merks
from the Tythes of the Country part of the Parish, andlOO merks allowed for Com-
munion elements : there is neither manse, nor glebe ; but the rent of a house is
paid by the Town : Patron, Lord Dundas : The Church was built, in 1782, on
a very handsome, and commodious plan. It is in the Presbytery of Shetland,
and Synod of Orkney. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
(including the Parish of Gulberwick) was 1706, and, in 1811, was 1949. A
General Post- Office is established here ; from whence Letters are diffused over
all the Shetland Isles : but a Post-Office Packet direct to this place from Leith,
and to sail every fortnight, is much wanted. This Parish, e.Ktends, from North
to South, about six miles along the sea-coast, and is no where above a mile in
breadth : on the East and North- East, it is bounded by the sea, which separates
it from the Island and Parish of Bressay, and forms that excellent Harbour,
commonly called Bressay Sound. The Parish, and Coimtry around it, are
rocky and mountainous. The soil of the mountains is generally peat or moss,
and is deep to their very summit. The arable land lies in patches along the
sea-coast ; where the soil is light and sandy, but as fertile and productive
as can well be supposed, from the situation and climate. The highest hill in
the Parish rises little more than 300 feet above the level of the sea. The
air, though moist, is far from being unhealthy. In the vicinity of the Town
Pp2
L E R
is a Chalybeate Spring, which is generally believed to be efficacious, but
it is very little used, and is not highly impregnated. The principal P^ishery,
carried on by the Inhabilants of Shetland, is that of Ling and Tusk, in the
months of June and July ; these are sold fresh to the Landholders, or their
Tacksmen, at various prices ; and the annual export of this article is, on an
average, 800 tons from all the Islands. There is also a very considerable Her-
ring Fishery on the coast, which is carried on wholly by Foreigners. But there
is no Fishery more universally beneficial, than that of a small fish, called Se/-~
locks, which are both used as food, and afford great quantities of oil. About six
tons of kelp are made here annually. The Ebb Tides here run North, and the
Flood Tides to the Southward, unless on the North and South extremities ofthe
Country, where they run East and West : their rapidity is inconsiderable, at least
when compared with that of the Firths of Orkney. If a Light-House were erected
upon Noss, a small Island East from Bressay, it is thought, that it would be of
essential service, as many ships have been lost on the East Coast of Shetland,
which such a guide might, in all probability, have saved. The only Harbour in
this Parish, is that of Lerwick or Bressay Sound ; a capacious Bay, in which
Vessels, well furnished, may ride at all seasons in perfect safety ; and what
renders this Harbour particularly commodious is, its having two entrances, one
from the South, and the other from the North : On the outside of the North en-
trance, lies a sunken Rock, called The Unicorn : so denominated, from the
Unicorn man of War having been wrecked upon it, when in pursuit of The Earl
of BoTHWELL, who had fled hither, on his way to Norway. The Town of Ler-
wick consists of one principal Sti'eet, next the Quay, with several Lanes branch-
ing off from it No regularity has been observed, in former times, in the posi-
tion ofthe Houses, some of which project almost quite across the Street: the
general appearance ofthe Town has, however, of late years been much improved
by several handsome houses built in the modern style. Here is a straw platting
manufactory, but not on so extensive a scale as that at Kirkwall : it is carried on
by a London Company : several persons are also employed in the knitting of
stockings, and in making woollen bed covers, commonly called rugs. At Ler-
wick, and indeed thoughout Shetland. Dutch and Danish coins are more common
than British " We had scarcely landed," .says Mr. Neill, " when some ofthe
Inhabitants asked of me, whether we were direct from Scotland f — a question
that ralher surprised me, as seeming to imply that the Shetland Islands them-
selves did not constitute a part of that Country." Lerwick is the seal of Justice
1
L E S
and of the Admiral and Commissary Courts, and the residence of the Sheriff-
Substitute. There has not, as yet, been any established School in the Parish ;
but there are always one or two teachers of English, writing, arithmetic, book-
keeping, and navigation in it, who depend entirely on their quarterly payments :
those persons, therefore, who wish to give their sons a Grammatical education, are
under the necessity of engaging masters from the Continent of Scotland, upon
Salaries paid according to their respective subsnriptions. This Parish contains
about 2-50 mcrks of aral)le land, besides very extensive grass, meadow, and pas-
ture grounds ; but the itierk of land is very indefinite, and here it is not nearly a
Scottish acre. There are the ruins of two Popish Chapels, and also of two Picts'
Houses. On a rising ground, near the North end of the Town, is a Fort which
commands the Harbour, and which is said to have been erected during the Pro-
tectorate of Oliver Cromwell : in the year 1781, it was completely repaired,
under the direction of Capfain Eraser, Chief Engineer for Scotland, and called
Fort Charlotte, after Her Majesty : it was garrisoned, until the peace of 1783 ;
and is now in charge of a part of the Royal Artillery. About half a mile South
from Lerwick, to a projecting Point, called The Knah, Government has caused
a road to be made, by means of which cannon could be conveyed thither in the
course of a few minutes ; and here they would effectually command the South-
ern entrance of Bressay Sound, at least against an enemy's cruiser or privateer.
One of the principal means of improvement to this Parish would be good roads ;
as, at present, no cart or carriage whatever can be used for the transport of goods
on the soft surface, particularly to the Northward . two roads are therefore espe-
cially wanted, viz., from Lerwick to Scalloway, the two principal Towns of
Shetland, the distance between which is only four miles ; — and from Lerwick,
through the Parish of Tingwall, to the Parish of Delting, and thence to Veil
Sound, through the very heart of the Country, which is not above 12 miles ; but,
in some places, the peat-moss is so deep as to be impassable on Horseback,
Near Fort Charlotte, there is a Quarry of very hard sand-stone breccia, in which
vast numbers of large water-worn nodules of red granite, are compactly im-
bedded. See, Bressay, Isle.
LESLIE, in the District of Garioch, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was \02\ bolls of meal, 2^ bolls of
bear, £38..12..1^. in money, together with the Vicarage Tythes of a part of the
Parish: the manse vvas built in 1793; the glebe consists of 5 acres : Patron,
General Hay, of Rannes : The Church is old. It is in the Presbytery of Garioch,
L E S
and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
367, and, in 1811, was 397. It is 4|: m. S. E. from Clatt. It is pleasantly situate
on the banks of the Gady, a beautiful stream, sweetly celebrated by Arthur
Johnston, in his elegant Latin poems ; and was erected into a Burgh of Barony
by James the Second, at the instance of George Dominus de Lesly, with the pri-
vilege of a weekly Market on Thursday, and a yearly Fair at Michaelmas ; both
of which have Ions: been discontinued. This Parish is about 2 miles in length,
and nearly the same in breadth. The surface is uneven, but the small hills are
arable to their summits ; and, in the lower grounds, the soil is a deep, strong,
rich mould, producing good crops, with very indifferent culture. The only
manufacture carried on here, is a coarse kind of stockings, in which almost all
the females are employed. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, to-
gether with a rood of land, and £1..13..4., being the interest of a half year's
vacant Stipend bequeathed by the family of Leith-Hall. Fuel is expensive.
There are several cairns, and two Druidical circles.
LESLIE, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife : formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, before it was augmented, was 42 bolls of oat-meal, at 8
Dutch stones to the boll, 22 bolls of barley, Linlithgoio measure, and £50.
Sterling in money : the manse was rebuilt in 1811 : the glebe is very indifferent :
Patron, The Earl of Rothes : The Church is in good condition. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Kirkaldy, and Synod of Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 1609, and, in 1811, was 1882. It is 8 m. N. b. W. from Kirkaldy.
This is an extensive Parish, lately augmented, and stretching along the North-
ern bank of the river Leven,^ro\a which the surface rises with a very slight ascent
to the Northern boundai'y : it is entirely arable, and the soil is in general good,
and well cultivated. Tlie principal manufacture is that of linen. The Salary of
the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with very moderate School-fees,
and a dwelling. Coals, and lihae-stone, are in abundance. The original name
of this Parish was Fetkill ; but, when the Noble Family of Leslie, Earls of
Rothes, became the principal Proprietors, they gave their own name to their
possessions here, and the whole District came at last to be known by the
same appellation. Leslie House, a magnificent Seat, was built by The Duke of
Rothes, round a Court, like the Abbey of Holyrood-House : it was unfortu-
nately burned to the ground on the 28th of December 1763, but the front of
the square was repaired by the late Earl of Rothes, in 1767. The old Castle
of Strathendrie, which formerly belonged to a celebrated family of the same
L E S
name, is situate on the Northern bank of the river Leven; in wliich, about
Michaelmas, great numbers of eels are taken in their passage from Loch Leven
to the sea ; and, on this account, the lands oi Strathendrie were, before the Re-
formation, subject to an annual tax of some thousands of eels to the Abbey of
Incli-Colm. The House of Pitcairn, now in a ruinous state, was formerly the
residence of the well known Physician David Pitcairn. The Scene of" Chryst's
Kirk on the Green," said to have been written by King James the Fifth, is
allowed to have been at the East end of the Town, called The Green, or Douglas
Croft:—
Was ne'er in Scotland heard or seen
Sik dancing nor deray ;
Nowther at Falkland on the Green,
Or Peebles at the Play.
As wes of wooers as I ween.
At Chrisfs Kirk on a day ; —
LESMAHAGOE, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : a Collegiate
Church ; the Stipend of the First charge, before it was augmented in 1795,
being 95 bolls of meal, and £41.. 13.. 4. Sterling in money, together with a manse,
and a glebe of 8 acres: the Stipend of the Second charge is 96 bolls of victual,
and £"50. Sterling, with a house, and garden : The Patronage of both these
Benefices is in The Duke of Hamilton : The Church, which is dedicated to St.
Mary, was re-built in 1801, and is an elegant and commodious place of Worship,
and sufficiently large to contain the Congregation. It is in the Presbytery of
Lanark, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Par-
ish, in 1801, was 3070, and, in 1811, was 4464. It is 6 m. S. W. from Lanark.
This Parish is sbout 14 miles in length, and 12 miles in breadth, stretching
along the banks of the Clyde, which are particularly romantic and beautiful.
The svuface is mountainous ; and the soil, upon the whole, is far from being fer-
tile, and is more adapted to pasturage than tillage. The climate is damp and
cold, but not unhealthy. Coals, lime-stone, iron-stone, free-stone, and slates,
are in great abundance. It is watered by the Logan, the Nethan, and the Poniel,
which are tributary streams to the Clyde. Part of the Estates of Blackwood,,
Stonebyres, and some Farms formerly belonging to the Hamiltons, of Raploch,
are holden immediately of the Crown : all the rest of the Parish bging either the
property of Tlie Duke of Hamilton, or holden of His Grace in feu. The Salary
L E S
of the Parochial School is 400 merks Scotch, together with School-fees, and per-
quisites, and a School-room, dwelling-house, and garden. There is likewise a
Salary of 200 merks Scotch, for two schools iu distant parts of the Parish, viz.,
100 merks for each school, and the heritors or tenants of the district provide a
School-room. The turnpike road, betwixt Glasgow and Carlisle, runs through
this Parish, which has been in very bad repair, ever since the establishment of
the Mail-coach upon it. The turnpike road betwixt Lanark and Hamilton, by
the banks of the Clyde, likewise runs through this Parish for several miles, and
presents a vai'iety of picturesque views to the traveller. The heritors are mak-
ing laudable exertions to put the other roads and bridges into good repair. The
Monastery of the TjTonenses, which was founded by King David the First in
1140, and dependent on the Abbey of Kelso, is now all demolished. Upon a lofty
promontory, in the romantic vale of the river Nethan, stand the ruins of Draffi,n
or Craig-Nethan Castle, anciently a seat of the Hamii-ton Family, but now the
property of Lord Douglas : in this fortress, the unhappy Mary, Queen of Scots,
found a short asylum, after her escape from her prison in Loch Leven. In a
Farm, called Sadlerhead, an ancient Pitcher, of curious and exquisite workman-
ship, and materials, being richly plated with gold, was discovered about the
year 1807. It is supposed to be Roman, and was very obligingly exhibited to
The Society of Antiquaries of London, by The Rev, David Dow, of Cathcart
Manse ; and a description, and engraving of it, are preserved in the ArchjEO-
logia, vol. 16. p. 350.
LESSUDDEN, or LYS-AIDAN or EDWIN, i. e. Tlte Manor Place of
Edwin, in the District of Melros, and Shire of Roxburgh ; This Village consti-
tutes a principal part of the Parish of St. Bos well's. It is 5 m. S. E. from Mel-
ros. It is pleasantly situate on the South bank of the river Ttceed. See, Bos~
welPs, St.
LESWALT, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown : formerly
a Prebend, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'68.. 3.. 6^. in money, 40| bolls
of meal, of 16 stone to the boll, and 4 bolls of bear, at 12 bushels to the boll :
the manse is in decent repair : the glebe consists of more than the legal extent :
Patron, The Crown : The Church is in tolerable condition. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Stranraer, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident PopuUilion of this
Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages of Clayhole, and Ilill-hcad) was 1329,
and, in 1811, vas 1705. It is 4 m. N. W. from Stranraer. This Parish consti-
tutes part of that Peninsula, commonly called The Rhyns of Galloway: it is
LET
about 7 miles in length, and fron 3 to 6 miles in breadth, stretching along the
Western side of the Bay of Loch Ryan. The surface is much diversified ; adja-
cent to Loch Ryan, it is almost level, and the soil is light and sandy, with a
mixture of gravel; here it is well cultivated, and, in moist seasons, yields excel-
lent crops of oats, and bear: on the South, the ground is hilly, wet, and spongy,
partly green, and partly covered with heath, and there little improvement has
been made. The Coast is high, bold, and rocky ; but the fishing in the Irish
Channel is very productive. The climate is moist, but mild, temperate, and
salubrious. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with
School-fees and perquisites, and a School-house near the Church. There is also
a School at a contiguous Village ; but the perquisites are small, and no Salary
has been paid for many years past. Lochnaw Castle, the residence of Sir Stair
Agnew, Bart., is a very ancient edifice, and was formerly strongly fortified. The
Villages of Clayhole, and Hill-head, in the Eastern extremity of the Parish, are
close upon Stranraer, and are separated from it only by an ideal line . Robert
Vans Agnew, Esq., o( Schtichan, is the proprietor of both of them ; who lets otit
the ground in small lots for building, at an easy feu duty of 3d. a foot in front,
and allows 100 feet behind the house for garden ground : those who choose to
slate their houses, are exempted from feu-duty for four years, and this has encou-
raged many to make use of that durable covering. The inhabitants of these
Villages are generally tradesmen, sailors, and labourers ; and some of them rent
small pieces of ground. They are subject to the Jurisdiction of the Custom-
House of Stranraer ; and pay Vicarage teind of the herrings taken in Loch Ryan,
to the Minister there.
LETHAM, in the Shire of Berwick : a Chapelry, appendant to the Church
of Eccles : The Chapel stood in the Village of this name. When George Earl
of Dunbar emigrated, in 1400, Robert the Third granted the lands of Letham
to John de Letham. See, Eccles.
LETHAM, in the District of Cupar, and Shire of Fife; in the Parish of
Monimail. It is 4^ m. W. from Cupar of Fife. This is a large Village, at which
a considerable Fair is liolden in the first Week of June.
LETHAM, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Dunnichen. It is
5 m. E. S. E. from Forfar. This is an improving Village, erected in 1788, upon
a Farm of 66 acres, by Mr. Dempster, the Proprietor. Here is a Stamp-
Office; and a Market has been established, for the sale of yarn, flax, and brown
linens.
VOL. II. Q q
LET
LETHAM, in the Shire of Hadington ; and in the Parish of Hadinston.
This is the beautiful Seat of Mr. Buchan. It is 2^: m. W. from Hadington.
LETHEN, in the Shire of Nairn ; and in the Parish of Auldearn. It is 5 m.
S. E. from Nairn. This is the elegant residence of the ancient and respectable
Family of Brodie. There was formerly a Chapel here, dependant on the Dean
of Auldearn, This Barony was purchased by Alexander Brodie of Sir John
Grant, after he came to the estate, in 1622.
LETHENDY, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 61 bolls and 9 pecks of victual, £'17. Sterling, 31 capons,
43 poultry, and the tenth of lint, lambs, and wool : the manse is a small, but
substantial house : the glebe consists of about 6 acres of rich arable land : Patron,
The Crown : The Church is in bad repair. It is in the Presbytery of Dunkeld, and
Synod of Perth and Stirling. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 345, and, in 1811, was 349. It is 4 m. S. W. from Blair-Gowrie. This
Parish is about 5 miles in length, and a mile and a half in breadth. The West-
ern district is a blackish mould inclining to a reddish clay, exceedingly rich, and
well adapted to all kinds of crops : towards the East, it becomes blacker, more
wet, and less productive. The climate is healthy. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks Scotch, together with School-fees, and perquisites. The
roads are bad. Fuel is expensive.
LETHINGTON, v. BOLTON.
LETHNOT, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Prebend atid Vicarage, with
the Parish of Navar united, in 1723; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
£82..10..4^ Sterling in money, and \\ boll of bear, and \\ boll of oatmeal:
the manse was built about the year 1723 : the glebe consists of about A\ acres
of arable land : Patron, The Crown : The Church is ancient. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Brechin, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population
of the United Parishes, in 1801, was 489, and, in 1811, was 511. It is 7 m.
N. W. from Brechin. It is surrounded by the Grampian hills on all sides, ex-
cept towards the East, where there is a small opening, through which the J'Fe*-
fer- W^a/cr issues , and the plain oi the Mearns is seen: the cultivated land is
about 5 mi es in length, and three quarters of a mile in breadth : but the muirs,
and a number of small Farms which lie scattered on the Wester-Water and
other small rivulets, extend much farther among the Mountains : the soil is partly
a clay, and partly a rich loam on a till bottom, and adjacent to the rivulets there
is some valuable hawjh ground : the whole of the arable laud is about 1200
: ' LEU
acres. The Salary of the Parochial School is £18., and some trifling perquisites,
together with an excellent school-house, and good garden surrounded with trees,
which were planted by the present respectable master. There is also a private
School, erected about the 'year 1750, on two benevolent donations, and is fixed
on the Wester- Water about four computed miles from the Parochial School, but
it is kept only during the Winter months. Here the industrious and patriotic
James Black was born, in 1677 : he afterwards rented a Farm, in the Parish of
Edzell, called Wood: to him the Country is indebted for the Bridge of Ganno-
chie, whicli was built entirely at his own expense over the North Esk, immedi-
ately below The Burn, a beautiful Seat, now in the possession of Mr. Brodie,
but formerly belonging to the late Lord Adam Gordon, whose genius, taste, and
munificence converted the barren wild into a fruitful and delightful Residence.
The general Fuel of the United Parishes is turf, peat, and heath: the providing
of which is a work of great expense and labour, on account of the steepness of
the hills, and the distance of the mossy ground. The Roads, and Bridges, are
in tolerable repair. The source of the Wester-Water is an immense number of
Springs, in a large plain commonly called Satichs, which is about 8 or 9 miles
North-West from the Church.
LETTEREW, v. GAIRLOCH.
LETTER-FAIRN, v. GLEN SHIEL.
LETTER FINDLAY, in the Shire of Inverness. It is 14 m. N. E. from
Fort William. This is an indifferent Inn, situate on the Eastern bank of Loch
Lochy, on the great Military road to Inverness. •
LETTESCOURIE, v. RATHVEN.
LEUCHARS, V. URQUHART.
LEUCHARS, in the District of St. Andrew's, and Shire of Fife : formerly
a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 88 bolls of bear, 24 bolls of meal,
8 bolls of wheat, 8 bolls of oats, and £'373.. 6.. 6. Scotch in money, including £42.
Scotch for Communion elements, together with £36.. 16.. 8. as Vicarage Tythes,
and a glebe: the manse is new : Patron, The Crown : The Church is ancient.
It is in the Presbytery of St. Andrew's, and Synod of Fife. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1687, and, in 1811, was 1672. It is
4f m. N. W. from St. Andrew's. This Parish is about 9 miles in length, and
5 miles in breadth. The soil is various ; but the greater part is well adapted
for the growth of wheat, and agriculture is highly encouraged. The roads, and
bridges, are in good repair. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merki*,
Qq2
LEW
together with School-fees, a house, garden; croft, and 2 acres of light land, and
a mortification of £4.. 10.. 6. Sterling, by a late eminent Clergyman of this Parish,
the famous Covenanter Alexander Henderson. The principal manufacture is
that of coarse linens. It is bounded by the German Ocean on the East, and by
the river Eden on the South and South-West, which is navigable nearly as far as
the Inner-Bridge. The Fairs are holden on the second Wednesday, O. S., in
April, and the third Friday, O. S., in October. Fuel is expensive. Sheughy-
Dyke, or Teitts 3Iiiirs, a very large flat district on the East, is now much brought
under cultivation. On the estate of Leiichars, containg 3736 acres, lately pur-
chased from Sir David Carnegie by The Honourable Robert Lindsay, were
the remains of an ancient building, called Tlie Castle oi Leiichars, which ap-
peared to have been strongly fortified. Pitletliie, the Seat of Mr. Lawson, is a
small Mansion, built with the stones, and near the site of one of the hunting-
seats of King James the Sixth. The principal Seats in this parish are Airdit,
John Anstruther, Esq., Sheriff of the County, — Pitcullo, Andrew Pitcairn,
Esq., — EarVs-Hall, Robert Bruce Henderson, Esq., — and, Clayton, David
Meldrum, Esq. William Haig, Esq., oi Logie, has lately built an extensive
and convenient Distillery at high Hood mark near the Inner-Bridge, where he
exports his Whisky, and receives Coals, &c., at a small Quay close adjoining
the Work : he has also a considerable Brick and Tile work, which are exported
at Guard Bridge, i^ of a mile from thence.
LEUCOPHIBIA, Urbs, of Richard of Cirencester, v. WHITEHORN.
LEURARY, loch, v. HALKIRK.
LEVEN, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife : in the Pari.sh of
Scoonie. It is 22 m. N. b. E. from Edinburgh. This is a considerable Village,
situate upon the Eastern bank of the river Leven, at its confluence M'ith the
Firth o{ Forth: forming a kind of beach, for vessels of 200 tons burden. This
beach is sandy, and the shore quite flat. It belongs to the Barony of Durie. A
General Post-OflSce is established here. The Fairs are holden on the second
Wednesday in June, the first and last Wednesdays ui July, and the third Wednes-
days in August, September, and October,
LEWIS, a District of The Long Island, one of the largest of The Hebrides.
Its Northern extremity, called T/ie Bid t of Lewis is in the Latitude of 58°.. 34'
North. It is divided from Harris, the Southern District, by a tremendous
ridge of very high mountains, abounding with deer, which, until the game laws
were vigourously enforced by the Proprietor, Avere considered as common
LEW
property. It contains 561 ,200 acres : and comprehends the Parishes of Barvas,
Lochs, Stornoivay, and Uig. By a Memorial presented to TiiK Commissioners
for Highland Roads and Bridges, by The Right Honourable Francis Loud
Seaforth, on the 31st of March, 1808, it appears, " That he is desirous to sub-
mit to The Commissioners the following considerations, from which, he trusts,
it will appear, that the making of a Road across the Island of Lewis, would be
an expedient application of part of the Funds under their charge, so wisely de-
signed for the improvement of the communications in The Highlands. The'
Island of Lewis, politically a part of the County of Ross, of which the Divi-
sion called Harris in the Shire of Inverness is a part, extends from The
Butt of Lewis to The Sound of Harris, and contains a Population of about
17,000 Inhabitants. The East side of the Island is mostly a grazing coun-
try. Tlie West side of the Island is a grain country, and may, in that
respect, be considered as more productive than any other District of The
Hebrides or Western Islands of Scotland. All around the coast the seas abound
Avith fish of various kinds, and the principal produce of the Island, exclusive of
grain, kelp, and black cattle, is cod, ling, and herrings, which are caught here
every .season, particularly the two first kinds offish in great abundance ; and on
the produce of the fisheries the inhabitants of Lewis may in a ^reat measure be
said to depend for the means of paying their rents, and procuring those neces-
saries, which are not the produce of their own country. On the East side of the
Island is situate the Town of Stornoway, which contains about 2400 souls. This
small Town has in time past had a considerable trade to the Baltic and Norway,
and to the North of Ireland, and the inhabitants have been pretty deeply engaged
in the cod, ling, and herring fishery, most of their capital being invested in ship-
ping and fishing materials. The Town has been annually increasing ; but one
great drawback to it has been, that although situate in a plentiful Isiaud, it is
almost cut off from all communication with those Districts productive ia the
necessaries of life, by means of a moss or muir which extend^ over the centre of
the Island, and which is impassable except on foot. To remedy this has been
the study of the Memorialist, and accordingly he has at a very great expense
opened up the communication betwixt certain Districts of the Island and Storno-
way, and particularly by a road leading from Stornoway across to the West
side of the Island at the Church of Barvas. A road from the Town to the Penin-
sula on the East side, called The Aird ; a road along the North coast towards
T7«e Butt of Lewis, and he has likewise made a number of Bye-roads in aud
LEW
about the Town. One great line of road, and that the most necessary of the
whole, remains yet to be opened, and that is a road from Stornoway to Loch
Roag, which, it is proposed, should proceed by the head of a bay called the LocA
Luerbost, in the Parish of Lochs, and from thence across the Island to the head
of the bay called Kenhulmoick, one of the bays and inlets that pass by the general
name of Loch-Roag : the length of the line would not probably exceed 20
miles, nor the expense the sum of £5000. The road would pass through a moss
or rauir nearly the whole way, a tract the most dreary and waste of any in The
Highlands, where there is not a human habitation, and where the traveller, worn
out with fatigue, is frequently lost, of which an instance occurred so recently as
February last. Yet in this direction is carried, even on women's backs, most of
the disposeable produce of the West side of Lewis sent to Stornoway Market.
Loch-Roag, as will be seen by looking at Mr. Arrowsmith's map, or Mr. Mac-
kenzie's charts, consists of a number of bays interspersed with islands on that
part of the coast facing TJie Flannen Isles. It has always been famous for the great
quantity and good quality of the Herrings that resort to it, and for the quantities of
cod and ling caught there, but except in the Summer season there is no commu-
nication with it by sea. The coast, and islands, in that quarter produce great
quantities of grain and kelp, and it is likewise a good grazing country. By
opening up the proposed line of road, the following objects amongst others, would
be attained. First, it would enable the tenants of the West and South- West
division of Lewis to carry to the Stornoway Market those necessaries of life, of
which they have a super-abundance, and of which the inhabitants of Stornoway
are always in want, viz., corn, meal, potatoes, cheese, butter, fish, beef, &c.
Secondly, on the other hand, it would enable the Inhabitants of Stornoway, to
carry over land to Loch-Roag, &c., salt, nets, lines, casks, fishing boats, and
other goods of different sorts for prosecuting the fisheries, and for the use of the
people inhabiting that quarter of the island. It has more than once happened
in former times, that nearly the half of a fishing has been lost for the want of salt
and casks, it being not only always dangerous but often impracticable to go to
Loch-Roag by sea for six or seven months of the year, and that at a period when
the herring's usually appear on the coast. But, should a road be ever opened up
in the direction proposed, no such loss or inconvenience would happen, and
much prosperity would arise in that hitherto neglected and unknown quarter.
The efi'ecling of such an improvement, the Memorialist has much at heart, and
should The Commissioners, who have extended their patriotic views to the
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vvelftire of the most remote districts of The Highlands and Isles, think proper
to order a Report, Survey and Estimate of the Road to be made, he will
cheerfully on his part contril)ute the one-half of the estimated expense of the
work, and in Icrnis ol the Act of Parliament engage \o pay the whole of any ex-
cess which shall attend the execution of it beyond the estimated sum." The
Commissioners being desirous of procuring a Survey and estimate, which may
enable them to form an opinion of the expediency of such an undertaking, it is
hoped that it will soon be accomplished; especially as the Ullapool road is
essential for convenient communication with the extensive Island of Lewis. See,
Inverness.
LEYS, LOCH, V. BANCHORY TARNAN.
LEYS, THE, V. CROY.
LI.ZAYRE, V. KIRK CHRIST LEZAYRE.
LIBBERTON, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : formerly a Rectory,
with the Parish of Quothquan united, in 1660; the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was £150., and a glebe : the manse was built in 1761 : Patron, Mr. Lockhart,
of Carmmth ; The Church is very old. It is in the Presbytery of Biggar, and
Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, (containing the Villages of Libberton, Quothquan, and White Castle)
was 706, and, in 1811, was 749. It is 2^ m. S. b. E. from Carnwath. This
Parish contains upwards of 6000 acres ; of which, 3500 are in tillage, being a
deep rich clay, and yielding good crops without any other manure than what is
derived from the fertilizing overflowings of the Clyde, with which these haughs
are frequently inundated ; the remainder is appropriated to pasturage. It is
watered also by the two branches of tiie river Metliven, which unite and here fall
into the Clyde. From the remains of antiquity in the neighbourhood of the Vil-
lage of Libberton, it appears to have been formerly a place of considerable im-
portance. The air is dry and penetrating, but not unhealthy. Peat, and coals,
are both brought from a distance. The roads are bad. The Salary of the Paro-
chial School is 300 merks Scotch, together with School-fees, and a house, and
garden. Free-stone is abundant.
LIBERTON, in the Shire of Edinburgh : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was 21 bolls 14^ pecks of wheat, 50 bolls of barley, 63 bolls
of oats, and £2:^.. 11.. 3^^ in money; to which an augmentation was made, in
the year 1700, of £10., with the appellation of The Prebends Fee, and £8.. 6.. 8.
is allowed for Communion elements : the glebe is very inconsiderable, and more
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than half of it is almost a mile from the manse : Patrons, by turns, The King,
and Wauchope, of Nidderie Marischal: The Church is iu decent repair. It is
in the Presbytery of Edinburgh, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (consisting of the Villages of Gil-
merton, Kirk Liberton, Nether Liberton, and Upper or Over Liberton) was
3565, and, in 1811, was 4033. It is 2 m. S. from Edinburgh. This Parish con-
tains 4140 Statute acres of arable ground, which are very fertile, and, owing to
the vicinity of the Metropolis, are rented high. The established School-master has
a Salary of 300 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and 52 merks
as the interest of a mortification. There are private Schools also in different
parts of the Parish. At Gilmerton, and Drum, are very extensive Collieries, and
Lime works. Here is a benevolent donation of the late Commodore Alexander
Horn, a native of this Parish, amounting to £40. per annum, and which is dis-
tributed at Christmas, to certain poor labourers, whose work is mostly without
doors, and who, on that account, may then be prevented from working, by the
severity or inclemency of the season : the Magistrates of Edinburgh are the Trus-
tees of this excellent Charity. The Climate is healthful. There are two small
Rivulets, which supply eight mills, besides a considerable Bleachfield, at Peffer-
mill. Craigmillar Castle, a favourite residence of Queen Mary, is situate on a
rising ground, about 360 feet above the level of the sea : it has a venerable ap-
pearance, and the view from the windows is most delightful. About the time
of the Restoration, this Castle and Lands came to the family of Gilmour, and at
present belong to Sir Alexander Gilmour, Bart. ; part of it is habitable, and
occupied by a farmer. Mr. Grose has preserved two Views of this Castle. In
this Parish are the Seats of the two oldest Families of Mid-Lothian : — the Lords
Somerville, and the Wauchopes: — the former having acquired the estate of
Drum Hall, by marriage in 1375, still possess it ; and the latter have had their
residence at Nklderie Marischal, for nearly 470 years. According to Mr. Chal-
mers, Liberton is probably a corruption of Leper- Town ; and which, perhaps,
may derive some support from the consideration, that of old an Hospital existed
at Upper Liberton, where the Church stands ; and whence the place may have
been called Spital- Town. There were in this Parish, of old, two Chapels, which
were subordinate to the Church : The most ancient was St. Catherine's Chapel,
near which there is a remarkable Spring, called The Oily Well, and dedicated
to St. Catharine: in former times, St. Catharine's Well was resorted to, with
salutary effect, by persons having cutaneous complaints ; and of supposed
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miracles of this Well, Boece delighted to tell : the Nuns of Tlie Sheens, on the
Borough moor, made an anntial procession to St. Catharine's Chapel, and Well:
when King Jamks returned to Scotland, in 1617, he visited The Balm Well of
Sf. Catharine: and caused it to be inclosed with a stone wall, with a door, and
steps, for the accommodation of the afflicted patients: but, in 1650, this charit-
able building was demolished, and the Well choaked up, by Oliver Crom-
well's soldiers, who were regardless of its medicinal use : around the Chapel
was a consecrated Burying-ground : after the Reformation, St. Catharine's
Chapel became a ruin ; and was completely destroyed, early in the Seventeenth
Century, by some sacrilegious person, who was remarked by the neighbouring
people, not to have afterward prospered: near its site, is a Mansion, which
continues to bear the name of St. Catharine's. The other Chapel was dedicated
to The Virgin, by Wauchope o( Nidderie, the Lord of the Manor, in 1389 : the
descendant of the Founder, re-endowed this Chapel, with a manse, and glebe,
for the Chaplain ; reserving the Patronage to his Family ; and, James the
Fourth confirmed this endowment : at the Reformation, this Chapelry, and its
Revenues, were annexed to the Church of Liberton : the Chapel was demolished,
at the Revolution, by the same zealots who defaced the Chapel of Holyrood ;
and there remains now only the Burial-place o{ theVamWy of Nidderie Mar ischal.
LICKPRIVICK, CASTLE, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in
the Parish of East Kilibride. This very ancient Castle, and the adjoining lands
were, for time immemorial, possessed by the Lickprivicks, of that Ilk. This
Family made a considerable figure long before the reign of King Robert Bruce ;
and continued to flourish a long time after. One of the descendants was Printer
to James the Sixth of Scotland. To this ancient Family was granted, in 1397,
for singular services, the Heritable Title of Serjeant and Coroner, in the Lord-
ship of Kilibride, along with considerable emoluments inseparable from the title.
This Charter was afterwards renewed by James the First, Fourth, and Sixth of
Scotland. The title, with the profits, belong at present to Torrance : the greatest
part of the Estate is the property of JohnBoyes, Esq. The Castle is completely
demoli.shed.
LIDISDALE, V. CASTLE-TOWN.
LIFF, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Vicarage, with the Parish of
Benvie united, in 1758 : the Stipend of which, in 1812, was 7 chalders of victual,
and £53. Sterling in money, including £'8..14..0. which is no part of the Teinds
of this District, but of a Grant conjointly to two other Ministers and the Minister
of Benvie: the manse is in bad repair: the glebe, and garden, contain about 10
VOL. II. R r
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acres : The Patronage of Benvie is in dispute between The Crown, and Lord
Gray: The Church is in tolerable condition. It is in the Presbytery of Dundee,
and Sjnod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population of the United
Parishes, in 1801, (including the small Perthshire Division of the old Parish of
Inver-Gowrie) was 2194, and, in 1811, was 2442. The Church is about 5 m.
W. N. W. from Dundee : but the roads, on all sides leading to it, are in
very bad condition. The Parish of LifF comprehended the old Parishes of
Logie, and Inver-Gowrie ; both of which, as appears from the Records of the
Kirk-Session, were united to it before the middle of the Seventeenth Cen-
tury: But Logie, quoad sacra, has, from the same remote period, belonged
to the Parish of Dundee, and a considerable proportioii of the Stipend
payable out of it, has been allowed to the Minister, who has the charge of the
Country Parish there. The United Parishes are about 3 miles in length, and
nearly the same in breadth. The surface rises with an easy ascent from the
Tay, except towards the South- East where it joins to the Parish of Dundee.
The higher grounds form a ridge, stretching obliquely in a direction from East
to West, and behind these, is a bleak, extensive tract of moor, where there are
some thriving plantations of fir, and some marks of cultivation now appear. The
soil is partly a light loam, and partly clay, and is tolerably fertile. The air is
pure, and wholesome. The principal manufacture here is the weaving of linen
cloth. Here is a Druidical Temple, and also the vestiges of a Roman Camp.
Near to the present Church, and immediately within Lord Gray's inclosures,
are some remains of tlie foundations of a.- Palace, long known in the country by
the name of Hvrli/ Haukin, and which was built by Alexander the First, King
of Scotland : but which, however, he did not long occupy ; for, having narrowly
escaped assassination there, he, in gratitude for his deliverance, founded the
Church of Scoon, and made over to it his Palace and Lands of Liff ant/ Inver-
Gowrie. In the neighbourhood of Lundie House, a subterraneous building was
lately discovered, containing several compartments ; the whole of which was
extremely rude, and the walls were put together without mortar : an elegant
Fruit garden, comprising a Pinery and Hot-Houses of every description, accord-
ing to the latest style of improvement, have been finished here ; and adjoining
to it, a Flower and Kitchen garden are now constructing : the plantations are
extensive and flourishing. The Anniversary of the battle ofCamperdown, since
the death of the late gallant Admiral, Viscount Duncan, has been celebrated by
a dinner by voluntary subscription in Dundee, at which many persons attend
out of respect to the memory of His Lordship, and, as a laudable incentive, to
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impress his bright example on the minds of the rising generation : His Lordship
havin*'- been accustomed to observe tliat day with heart-felt gratitude aiLundie-
House, in the company of his family and a few select friends. The Salary of
the Parochial School is 400 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites.
Coal is the principal fuel. Free-stone is abundant ; and there are several
Quarries of gray Slate. The House of Gray is the ancient seat of the Noble
Family of Gray ; but the family residence being changed to Kinfauns near
Perth, there has lately been no embellishment or alteration made on this their
paternal Estate : This great Family is more ancient than that of most of the
Nobility of Scotland, and they once possessed more extensive domains in this
district : Besides Gray, and the small Parisli of Benvie, the estates of Castle
Huntley and Mylneficld in the Parish of Long-Forgan, and the Parish of Foulis
Easter, are said to have belonged to them : The Family burying-place is still
within the Church of Foulis, which, report says, was erected by one of the Ladies,
out of pious gratitude for her Husband's safe escape from The Holy War. —
Balrudery, the Westernmost portion of the Parish of Benvie, lies upwards of two
miles distant from LiflF, the Church, Village, and a great part of the Parish of
Foulis Easter in the Shire of Perth, being interposed between them. Few ves-
tiges remain of the Village of Benvie : the ground upon which the principal
part of it stood, being now included within the old Orchard, or occupied as part
of a Farm : the manse, which is still standing, is converted into a dwelling-
house for the Tenant. An early Pear in the Orchard, distinguished by the name
of Benvie Pear, is ripe about Lammas. Since the Union of LifF and Benvie,
they have always, in the Presbytery Records and other public concerns with
them, been mentioned together, and termed " The United Parishes of Liff anrf
Benvie." See, Logie.
LIGHTBURN, within the Jiu-isdiction of the City of Glasgow, and Shire of
Lanark : in the Barony Parish. This is a populous Village.
LILIARD'S EDGE, v. ANCRUM.
LILLIARD'S EDGE, v. MAXTON.
LILLIES-LEAF, properly LILLIES-CLIFF, in the District of Melros, and
Shire of Roxburgh : formerly a Prebend, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
£150., and £'8. .6.. 8. for Communion elements ; the glebe is of a tolerable good
quality, measuring nearly II English acres; the manse was built in the year
1762, and has lately been repaired : Patron, The Duke of Roxburgh : The
Church, which was re-built in 1771, is commodious, and well seated: when
Rr 2
L I L
the old fabric was taken down, there was found below one of the seats, a coffin,
containing several human heads, which were supposed to be those of some Con-
venticlers. It is in the Presbytery of Selkirk, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Handets of
Chapel, Riddel, and Riddel-Shiel) was 673, and, in 1811, was 755. It is 5 m,
S. E. from Selkirk. This Parish contains between 7000 and 8000 acres of
land : Tlie soil is various, being partly clay, and rich loam, and partly a gravelly
light sand. At the head of the Parish, the river Ale, remarkable for the fine
quality of its trout, divides it for a mile, and then becomes the boundary to the
North and East. Agriculture has been much improved here, chiefly by the
exertions of Sir John Buchanan Riddel, Bart., one of the greatest Proprietors.
The principal inconvenience under which this Parish labours, is the distance from
coals. The roads are much improved of late : and the Village is more free from
agues. In the Inquisitio of Earl David, this Parish was found to have belonged
to the Diocese of the Archbishop of Glasgow, before the year 11 16 : it was after-
wards, by the Bulls of several Popes, confirmed to that See ; and there is now
paid to that University £"5, .7.. 67. per annum, vvhich is called Tlie Bishops Coat.
On inclosing the grounds o( Beu lie- Hill, the workmen coming to loose earth,
soft and black, discovered a great number of human bones, seemingly burnt to a
certain degree : the space was upwards of 20 feet in diameter, being of a circular
form, and seems to have been an out-post of a Roman camp, the vestiges of which
are to be seen in a neighbouring parish, at the distance of three miles. Frequent
skirmishes occurred in this Parish with the soldiers of Charles the Second, and
military weapons and human bones have been found where those contests hap-
pened. A numerous party of Presbyterians, M'ho were marching to join their
brethren at Bothwell Bridge, being attacked by some troops of dragoons, fled to
Bewlie Moss for refuge ; where, being unable to extricate themselves, many
perished in the marsh. Riddel is the seat of the respectable family of Riddel,
one of the most ancient of the Kingdom : they are said to have fixed themselves
here, in the seventh or eighth Century : Walter Riddel, of Riddel, married
Violet Douglas, in 936: about, and after that period, grants of land were
made by the Kings of Scotland, and by some of the Popes, particularly by Pope
Alexander the Second: a place of Worship was erected near the Hou«e of
Riddel, which had a burying-ground, called Chapel Park, and where human
bones were occasionally ploughed up : this Burying-placc has been transferred
to the present Church-yard : on the outside of Riddel aisle, there is inscribed
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H. R. 1110, There was anciently a Church at Her dmanstun, in this Parish ;
which, together with the church of Lillies-Clifl", ^vcre confirmed to the Bishop of
Glasgow by Pope Urban, in 1186. The Barony of Lillies-Leaf was formerly
comprehended in the Regality of Glasgow.
LIME-KILNS, in the District of Dunfermlin, and Shire of Fife: in the Par-
ish of Dunfermlin. It is 3 m. S. from Dunfermlin. This is an extensive Village,
situate on the Northern bank of the Firth of Forth, and has a good Harbour ;
which, at stream tides, admits Vessels of 300 tons burden. Near it, are the pro-
diffious Lime- works of The Earl of Elgin, and which have been carried on from
a very remote period. To the North of the Village, is Broom-Hall, the elegant
Mansion of The Earl of Elgin.
LIME-KILNS, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish of
East Killbride. This is the family seat of William Graham, Esq.-
LINCLUDEN COLLEGE, v. TERREGLES.
LINDE.'iN, in the District of Melros, and Shire of Roxburgh : a Vicarage,
anciently taxed at £4. It is situate on the South side of the river Tweed, at the
distance of one mile from the Town of Selkirk. See, Gala-Shiels.
LINDORES, V. ABDIE.
LINDORES, ABBEY, v. NEWBURGH.
LINDUM, Slatio, of Richard of Cirencester, at Ardoch, in Strath-Allan ;
and of which General Roy has given plans and sections, /)/ates 10 and 30. See,
Muthil.
LINE, in the Shire of Dumfries : an ancient Parish, now comprehended in
the Parish of Hoddom. It is Ij m. N. W. from Eccles-Fechan. On the West
side of this old Parish, is a considerable tract of waste land ; most part of which
is incapable of culture. See, Hoddom.
LINE-KIRK, in the Shire of Peebles ; and in the Parish of Kirk-Urd. It is
situate on the river Line, near its confluence with the Tweed. General Roy
supposes this to be the Corda, of Ravennas ; and has preserved a plan of it, pi. 28.
LINGA, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the Par-
ish of Delting. There is safe anchorage for Fishing sloops, between Linga
and Deltins:.
LINGA, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; situate to the Northward of Fet-
lar, and constituting part of that Parish. It is uninhabited.
LINGA, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; situate in Blomel Sound, and con-
stituting part of the Parish of Unst. It is uninhabited.
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LINGA, LITTLE, one of the Orkneys ; and constituting part of the Parish
ofStronsay. This is a small, uninhabited Island, lying to the North-West of
Stronsay, and is appropriated to the pasturage of cattle and sheep.
LING A, MUKLE, or HOLM o/MIDGARTH, one of the Orkneys ; and
constituting part of the Parish of Stronsay. This is a small, uninhabited Island,
lying to the Westward of Stronsay, from which it is separated by a channel,
called Linga Sound, that affords safe anchorage ; this harbour has two entries,
one from the South- West, and the other from the North- West ; through the
South- West one, which is the widest, large vessels may easily pass, with the
assistance of a Pilot, and may ride in four fathoms water. Here are the ruins of
a Chapel.
LING AY, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it con-
stitutes part of the Parish of Barray, and is uninhabited.
LINGAY, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it
constitutes part of the Parish of Harris, and is situate in the Sound. It is unin-
habited.
LINKTOWN, V. ABBOTS-HALL.
LINLITHGOW, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally si-
tuate in the Shire of Linlithgow : formerly a Rectory anrf Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £150., besides £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements ; the
Town allow annually 100 merks Scotch, in lieu of a manse ; the glebe lies
about half a mile from the Town, and being small, and not inclosed, it has usu-
ally been let at £6. a year: Patron, The Crown : The Church, which is dedi-
cated to S(. 3Iichal the Archangel, is a noble piece of Gothic architecture, with
a fine spire, ornamented with the figure of an Imperial Crown, It is in the Pres-
bytery of Linlithgow, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident
Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 3594, and, in 1811, was
For the Burgh. _ _ - 2557
For the Parish. . . - 1465
4022.
It is 17 m. W. from Edinburgh. The Market is on Friday. The Fairs are
holden on the first Friday after the second Tuesday in January, the 25th of Feb-
ruary, the third Friday in April, the second Thursday in June, the 2d of August,
and the first Friday in November. During the reign of David the First, he had
here a Castle, and a Grange, which formed, on this agreeable site, a Town,
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that was an inconsiderable part of the Royal Demesne ; since that period, it has
received several Charters, which were confirr»)ed, in 1540, by a writ oi' novoda-
mus from James the Fifth, by which the goveriiinent of the Burgh was vested
in a Provost, four Bnillies, a Dean of Guild, a Treasurer, twelve Merchant
Counsellors, and the Deacons of the Eight Incorporated trades. The Magis-
trates and other Members of the Town Council, with the Corporations and
Seven Fraternities, make an annual procession on horseback, in the month of
June, which is termed, " Riding their Marches." The Revenue of the Town,
which arises chiefly from the Mills, and Customs, amounts to about £400. per
annum. Linlithgow, in conjunction with the Royal Boroughs of Peebles, Sel-
kirk, and Lanark, sends one Member to Parliament. It is a Post-Office Town;
and was anciently a place of great trade, and opulence, and had first the Harbour
of Blackness, and afterwards that of Queens Ferry, assigned to it as its Port.
Its Criminal Courts are holden at Edinburgh. The Family of Livingstone, who
took the title of Earl from this place, vvere Hereditary Keepers of the Palace,
Bailiffs of the Royal Demesne, and Constables of Blackness Castle ; but, by
their concern in the Rebellion of 1715, all these Honours, and their Estates, were
forfeited to the Crown ; and the King granted them to the Family of Hamilton.
On the abolition of Hereditary Jurisdictions, in 1747, The Earl of Hopetoun
then claimed for the Sheriffdom of Linlithgow, redeemable, £3000. Under the
new regimen, John Gillon, of Wellhouse, Advocate, was appointed Sheriff-
Depute of Linlithgow, and Bathgate, at a Salary of £150. per annum. The pre-
sent Parish of Linlithgow comprehends the ancient Parishes of Linlithgow, and
Binning, which were united after the Reformation. It is supposed to contain
7600 Scotch acres : it is bounded by the river Avon on the West, which divides
this County from that of Stirling: and on the opposite side, is a House and Field,
near the Bridge, that belong to this Parish, from whence it is inferred that the
river has altered its course : towards the South the surface is hilly, and the soil
a cold clay: the North, West, and East parts are a light free soil : and it is in
general well cultivated, and almost the whole is inclosed and sheltered with
stripes of plantation. Cocklerne, the highest land on the West, is elevated
about 500 feet above the level of the sea ; and, opposite to it, on the East is
Binny Craig, nearly of the same height, and formerly considered as a favourite
haunt of Fairies. The high grounds, in the middle, take their name from the
small Village of Riccarton, which lies at the foot of them. The roads through
the Parish, in all directions, are excellent. Here is abundance of Lime-stone,
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of an excellent quality. The chief manufacture is Leather ; though the art of
tanning is said to have been imperfectly known here, until some of Cromwell's
soldiers both instructed others, and practised it themselves : — Shoe-raakin"-, and
the Woollen trade, are also carried on to a considerable extent ; — and, about a
mile from the Town, a Bleach-field and Print-field, on a large scale, have been
established. Coals are the only fuel used here. From its natural healthiness,
as well as easy access, Linlithgow is peculiarly adapted for a place of Educa-
tion: the Rector has a Salary of 400 merks, together with a House, and Garden :
the Master who teaches English and Writing, has about £14. a year ; which, as
well as the Rector's Salary, are entirely paid by the Town. The Palace, which
was built on the site of a Roman Station, stands upon an eminence that projects
almost into the middle of the Loch ; it was one of the noblest of the Royal Re-
sidences ; and, even in ruins, appears majestic. It was greatly ornamented by
James the Fifth ; and one side ofthe grand square was entirely built by James the
Sixth, and kept in good repair, till 1745, when it was accidentally set on fire by the
King's forces, who had been accommodated with lodgings in the Parliament Hall.
The other sides ofthe square are far more ancient, with long Halls, and Galleries,
communicating with the rooms : in one of these, on the 8th of December 1542,
the unfortunate Qneen Mary was born : her father James the Fifth, then dying of a
broken heart for his misfortunes at Solicay Moss, predicted the miseries which
impended over her and Scotland ; " The Kingdom," said he, " came with a Lass,
and it will be lost with one." Sir Thomas Livingston, Bart,, is now Honorary
Keeper ofthe Palaces of Linlithgow and Blackness. The Town-House is an
elegant building, erected in 1668 ; and immediately opposite to it is the Cross-
Well, built in 1620, and distinguished by a variety of grotesque figures. In the
Town also, there was a Monastery ofthe Carmelites founded by the Citizens, in
1290 ; and near it, an Hospital of the Lazarites, dedicated to St. Mary Mag-
dalen. On an eminence, in the South East part ofthe Parish, above Ochiltree
Mill, are the remains of an ancient Military Station : and, some years ago,
several Roman Coins were discovered in the Boroitgh-muir. When Edward
the First came to assert his claim to the Superiority of Scotland, he laid with
his vast army, the night before the battle of Falkirk, on the Borough-mnir. Hei'e
The Earl of Lennox lost his life, in the bloody conflict with The Earl of Arran,
during the minority of James the Fifth. In one of the Streets, is shown the
gallery from whence the Regent Murray was shot, in 1570, " with a blameless
revenge" by Hamilton, of Bothwell-Hangh. According to Mr. Chalmers, Lin-
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lithgow alone has the honour or the shamo, of having burnt, in 1662, " Tlie
Solemn League and Covenant,"" that wretched tissue of fanaticism and faction.
During the plague in 1646, which made such dreadfid havock in Edinburgh,
The Courts of Justice were transferred to Linlithgow, and holden in the Palace :
and the Professors of The University are also said to have removed hither at that
awful time. Ninian Winzet, the great opponent of John Knox, was formerly
the Rector of the School here. But, of the several persons connected with this
Parish, it would be unpardonable not to name, Robert Henry, D. D., a Gen-
tleman well known to the world by liis valuable History ; and who, having expe-
rienced the pleasure of knowledge himself, benevolently wished others to share
the same : with that view, he bequeathed his books, under certain regulations,
to the Magistrates and Town Council, and Ministers of the Presbytery of Lin-
lithgow, as the foundation of a larger Collection ; and which, much to the honour
of the Guardians of this sacred trust, are now carefully arranged and preserved
in a commodious apartment in the Town -House. During the struggle between
Edward the First and the Scotch Patriots, the garrison stationed here by that
Prince were dispossessed of it by a curious device of William Binnoch. He
supplied the Castle with hay, and being well known, had free access at all times.
He proposed to Bruce to conceal some men in his cart. Being introduced with-
out suspicion, and completely armed, they easily made themselves masters of it.
This Story is generally believed. Binnoch was rewarded for this service with
some lands in the South of the Parish, which still bear that name, a little softened.
TheBiNNiNGS, oiWallyford, were said to be descended from him ; and, in allusion
to that transaction, had for their arras, a Hay Wain, with this Motto, " Virlute
doloque." Mr. Grose, has preserved a view of the Palace. Tartreven Castle has
longbeen in ruins. The Lake abounds with pike, perch, and eels; and considerable
quantities of the latter are collared, and sent to different parts of the Kingdom.
LINLITHGOW-BRIDGE, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of
Muir- Avon-Side. This is an increasing Village.
LINLITHGOW, SHIRE, or WEST LOTHIAN. This Shire is about 19
miles in length, and 13 miles in breadth, stretching along the Southern shore of
the Firth of Forth and containing about 57,000 Scotch acres, the customary
measure : of which, nearly a fifth part has never been cultivated, being partly a
thin wet soil, and partly high rocky grounds, inaccessible to the plough ; the
other four-fifths are all, either in tillage, pasture, or woods. The soil is various ;
but, in general, it is a rich loam, and highly cultivated. It abounds with coals,
VOL. li. S s
LIN
lime-stone, iron-stone, and lead ore. The Resident Population of this Shire, in
1801, was 17,844, and, in 1811, was 19,451. It sends one Member to Par-
liament. The Criminal Courts are holden at Edinburgh. Here are various
Roman remains.
LINTON, V. PRESTON-KIRK.
LINTON, in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £'150., together with a glebe: the manse was re-
built in 1779 : Patron, The Marquis of Queensberry : when the old Church
of Linton was pulled down, in 1782, it appeared to have been built with
stones of a more ancient Fabric. It is in the Presbytery of Peebles, and
Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Popidation of this Parish,
in 1801, (comprising the Town of Linton, the Village of Blyth, and the Country
district) was 1064, and, in 1811, was 1186. It is 16|- m. S. S. W. from Edin-
burgh, and is a Post-Office Town. The Market is well supplied. The Fairs
are holden invariably on the third Wednesday of .June, O. S., and on that day
week. It is said to have been a Borough of Regality, having The Earl of March
for its Superior, who distributed Justice by his Sheriff-depute : but, on the
abolition of Heritable Jui'isdictions, in 1747, The Earl of March claimed no-
thing for the Regality of Linton, but was allowed a compensation for the Regal-
ity o( Newlands. This Parish contains about 2-5 square miles. It is situate
among the hills, which border on the Shire of Edinburgh, and is watered by the
rivers Lyne, and North Esk. The surface is generally mountainous ; but the
banks of the rivers contain about 900 acres, which are exceedingly fertile, and
are under good cultivation : the principal attention, however, of the Farmer is di-
rected to the breeding of sheep, for which this country is well adapted. The
climate is rainy, but not unhealthy. Free-stone, coals, and lime-stone are abund-
ant: and there are several extensive beds of excellent marl. About a mile
North from Linton, in Mr. Chatto's land, is a Spring, called Heaven-Aqua
Well, which somewhat resembles the Tunbridge waters. The Scliool-master's
Salary is 300 merks, together with perquisites, and a House, and Garden. An
Act was obtained for the Linton and Noble-House Roads, from Edinburgh to
Moffat, aboulthe year 1756. They are made, and now upholden at 50s. per mile ;
Statute labour is commuted. In a deep sequestered glen in the land of Carlops,
at the junction of two deep glens which communicate with the first, stands a
projecting Rock of freestone, forming a natural nich, with an impending canopy ;
it is called Harboitr- Craig ; and, it is said, was a retreat of Conventiclers under
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Charles ihe Second ; great numbers of initials are carved rudely in the rock,
with dates corresponding to the tradition. Near it is the Moor, called Ilarlai-
Muir, probably from some skirmish there. In the Thirteenth Century, a Cha-
pelry was established at Inglis-Town, in the South-West corner of the Parish,
which was dedicated to TJie Virgin Mary. There was also of old a Chapel attached
to an Hospital, near Spital-JJaugh on Lyne water, at a place called from it
Chapel Hill, and where stone coffins have been discovered. A Roman urn was
found in a Cairn at Garwald-foot, by the late General John Douglas. Linton
gives the title of Baron to The Earl of Traquair.
LINTON, or LINTON RODERICK, i. e. The Manor of Roderick near
the Lake, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh : formerly a Rectory,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'80., three chalders of victual, and a glebe
of nearly 8 Scotch acres : Patron, John Pringle, Esq., of Clinton : The Church
is in good repair : the manse, and offices, are situate in the most agreeable and
rural part of the Parish. It is in the Presbytery of Kelso, and Synod of Merse
and Teviotdalc. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 403, and
in 1811, was 462. It is G^ m. S. S. E. from Kelso. This Parish is about 9 miles
in length, and 3 miles in breadth. The surface is finely diversified, and the cli-
mate is milder than in many of the adjacent districts ; the soil varies greatly ;
on the banks of the Kail Water, which bounds it on the West, there is a fine
Haugh of 300 acres, all inclosed, which has a deep rich clay soil, but is liable to
be inundated : from this plain, the ground rises gradually, and the soil becomes
a red sandy loam, exceedingly fertile : agriculture is well conducted, and great
numbers of Sheep are bred here. Park, the residence of John Pringle, Esq.,
is an elegant Mansion, pleasantly situate to the Westward of the Church, in an
extensive grove ; and more than one half of the Parish belongs to this Gentle-
man. Over one of the Church doors, a man on Horseback is carved in stone,
killing, with a spear, a fierce animal, which, it is said, was the lastihail infested
this district, when the woods were cut down ; this seeems to have been a deed
of valour, as the memorial of it, we are told, is preserved on the Crest of Baron
Somerville's arms, whose ancestors once possessed a large estate in this Par-
ish. In the centre of this District, five or six stones form a pretty large circle,
called The Tryst: here, according to tradition, the parties that made incursions
into Northumberland, used to meet ; but, when those who come first could not
, wait for the arrival of their companions, they cut with their swords upon the
Ss2
L 1 S
turf, the initials of their names ; the heads of the letters pointing to the place
whither they were going, that their friends miglit follow them.
LINTROSE, V. KETTINS.
LINWOOD, in the Shire of Renfrew : and in the Parish of Killbarchan. It
is 2| m. W. N. W. from Paisley. A regular Village, on an elegant plan, has
been built here, to accommodate the persons employed in the extensive Cotton
Manufactory, which has been established at this place.
LISMORE, ISLAND, anciently KILL-MULUAG, one of the Hebrides,
and in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Argyle : formerly a Cathedral, with
the Parish of Appin united ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 21 bolls 2 fir-
lots of barley, 52 bolls 2 firlots of oat-meal, at 9 stones joer boll, and £'38.. IS.. 3.
in money : the manse is in bad repair: the glebe consists of 4j acres of arable,
and about 6 acres of pasture land, mostly bog or marsh : Patron, The Duke of
Argyle: The present Church consists of the Chancel of the old Cathedral. It
is in the Presbytery of Lorn, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population
ofthe United Parishes,in 1801, was 3243, and, in 1811, was
For the Parish of Appin - 2084.
For the Parish of Lismore - 1323.
3407.
It is 3 m. W. from Appin. The Island of Lismore is about 10 miles in length,
and from half a mile to two miles in breadth. The surface is very rugged and
uneven : but the soil is a rich fine loam, upon a lime-stone rock, and is exceed-
ingly fertile. The climate is subject to heavy rains. The coast abounds with
fish ; and there is also a great variety of game. The Salary of the Parochial
School is from £18. to £20. Sterling, together with School-fees, and a good
house. The Gaelic is the prevailing language. Fuel is expensive. The Roads
are indifferent. According to tradition, this Island was originally a great Deer
Forest ; and, as a proof, numbers of stags' horns of uncommon size are frequently
dug up in the mosses. At present there is scarcely any wood ; but the lesser
vegetables grow with uncommon vigour. Lismore was formerly a part of the
Bishoprick of Argyle, the See having been disjoined from that of Dunkeld about
the year 1200, at the request of John the Englishman, then Bishop oflhatDiocese,
and the Seat of the new Bishoprick established here. The Font, and Confessional
Chair, belonging to the old Cathedral, are still remaining. The ruinous Castle
L I V
of Achanduin, on the West side of the Isle, is supposed to have been latterly the
residence of the Bishop. The old name of the Parish was KiU-Muluaf/, i. e. The
Cell or Chapel of Muluaf/, a Saint of the Seventh Century, who was probably
interred here ; and it is still so designed in the Teind records at Edinburgh. But
the Island of Lismore forms only a small part of the prodigious extent of the
United Parishes ; which stretches from the South-West end of Lismore to the
extreme part of Kenloch-Beg, at the North-East in Appin, 63 miles in length,
by 10, and, in some places, 16 miles in breadth. They are intersected by several
considerable arms of the sea, and comprehend Lismore, Airds, the Strath of
Appin, Duror, Glencoe, Glen-Crenan, and Kingerloch ; the last of which is of
itself 9 computed miles in length, being situate on the North side of i>«Vm/ie
Loch, an arm of the sea about 3 leagues across, which divides it from Lismore.
The Missionary of Strontian preaches four times in the year at Kingerloch. The
posterity of the Sextons hold a small piece of free land here, which is supposed to
be among the oldest properties in the Parish, handed down regularly in a lineal
succession : they held their charter originally from the Bishops, on the express
condition that they were to preserve the baculum more.
LISTON, V. KIRK-LISTON.
LITTLE CLYDE, in the Shire of Lanark ; and in the Parish of Crawford.
Here are the remains of a Roman Post, placed upon the Northern declivity of
Erickstane-Brae ; and which, according to Mr. Chalmers, is obviously the long
sought for Gadanica, the Town of the Damnii. The Minister of Crawford
claims for his Parish, the honour of having three Roman Posts, within it; but,
he can only be allowed Gadanica, the other two strengths being merely the cir-
cular Hill Forts of the British people.
LITTLE-DEAN, v. MAXTON.
LITTLE FERRY, v. DORNOCH.
LTTLE STRATH, v. LOCH BRCOM.
LIVINGSTON, in the Shire of Linlithgow: formerly a Vicarage, the Sti-
pend of which, in 1811, was 16 bolls of barley, 32 bolls of meal, and £1060.
Scotch in money, together with a glebe: Patron, Sir William Augustus Cunyng-
hame, Bart. : The Church, and manse, which are delightfully situate on a dry
mount, in a cun'e of the river Anion, are both modern, and convenient. It is in
the Presbytery of Linlithgow, and Synod of Lothian a/jrfTweeddale. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, (comprising the Villages of Blackburn,
and Livingston) was 551, and, in 1811, was 879. It is 3 m. S. W. from Mid
' L L A
Calder. The Fair is on the first Friday in November. This Parish contains
nearly 4000 acres of land, all arable, and inclosed. The soil is in general inclined
t« clay, with a tilly bottom ; and agriculture has been greatly improved of late,
chiefly by the example and influence of Sir William Augustus Cunynghame,
Bart., who is Proprietor of about two-thirds of the Parish, and of George
MoNCRiEFF, Esq., of Blackburn. The Schoolmaster's salary, independent of his
house, school, and other perquisites, is 300 merks ; besides 15 merks, which
arise from an old mortification. The Peel of Livingston is said to derive its re-
mote origin from a person of the name of Living, who flourished under the reign
of David the First, and was undoubtedly a Baronial residence. The descendants
of Living, having acquired the name of Livingston, became Peers, in the
eleventh transmission ; Alexander, the seventh Baron, being created Earl of
Linlithgow, in 1600; James, the fourth Earl, who, engaging in the Rebellion
of 1715, lost his Estate and Honours, by attainder. Sir James Livingston, the
second son of Alexander, the Earl of Linlithgow, was created Lord Almon, in
1633, and Earl of Calender, in 1641 : but, after a few descents, these titles, by
failure of issue, became merged, in 1695, with the elder title of Linlithgow.
When in the possession of the Murrays (a branch of the Elibank family) a small
rivulet that runs past the Castle, received the name of the Elibiirn, which it still
retains. About half a mile North-East from the Castle of Livingston, stands
the Farm-house of Netc-year Field; where part of a square Tower remained,
until within these few years: Tradition says, that this was a Royal Hunting-
Seat, frequented by the Kings of Scotland, when they resided at Linlithgow :
and that a Spring adjoining, was a specific for the scrofula, when applied by the
Royal hand upon a A^ew- Fear's morning, before sun-rise; hence the name of
Neic-year Field. Of the " Bonny Lass of Livingston" so famed in Song ; it is
said, that she kept a Public-House, at a place called Tlie High House of Livings-
ton, about a mile West from the Church, — that she was esteemed handsome,
and knew how to turn her charms to the best account. The Parish of Livings-
ton was formerly of great extent : it comprehended the present Parishes of Li-
ving.ston, and Whiteburn ; the latter whereof, containing nearly tv\'o-thirds of
the ancient Parish, was disjoined, and made a separate Parish, in 1730. See,
Blackburn.
LLAN BRIDE, in the Shire of Elgin : an ancient Vicarage, now compre-
hended in the Parish of vSt. Andrew's : the Stipend of which is 100 bolls 3 firlots
2 pecks 3^ lippies of bear and meal, and £18.. 4.. 0. for Communion elements;
LOG
Patron, The Earl of Moray : The Church is dedicated to St. Bridc/et. It is 2^
m. E. S. E. from Elgin. This Parish is about a mile iu length, and the same in
breadth. In the East end of it, is Pillenseir, a part of the lands of the Precep-
tory of Maison Dieu, and now the heritage of the family of Ogilvie, being holden
of the Town of Elgin. The whole of the Barony of Cockstown is now the pro-
perty of The Earl of Fife.
LOAN-HEAD, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of Denny. It is
If m. S. from Denny. Here is a Meeting-House of the Seceders of the Anti-
burgher persuasion,
LOCHABER, a District, in the Shire of Inverness. It is so called from a
Lake not far from Inverness, and was the property of Bancho, Tliane of
LocHABER, and ancestor of the Royal House of Stewart. This is one of the
most dreary, mountainous, and barren Districts in Scotland. It is very thinly
inhabited, and its chief produce is black cattle, and sheep. Upon one of the
wildest mountains in this wild country, The Pretender erected his Standard in
the year 1745 ; who, immediately on his landing, engaged the deluded but high-
minded Cameron, oi LochEil, in his pernicious enterprise. The event is well
known:— -
"■ Farewell to Lochaber, and farewell, my Jean ;
" Where heartsome with thee I have tnony days been." — Ramsay.
See, Laggan.
LOCH ACHRAY, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Callander.
This beautiful Loch is about a mile and a half in length, and abounds with pike,
trout, and eels.
LOCH ALINE, v. MORVERN.
LOCH ALSH, in the Shire of Ross : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £65., and a glebe: Patron, The Crown: The Church is
in good condition. It is in the Presbytery of Loch Carron, and Synod of Glenelg.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1606, and, in 1811, was
2034. It is situate upon the Northern shore of an arm of the sea to which it
gives name, on the Atlantic Ocean. This is an extensive Parish: the general
appearance is mountainous, and it is principally appropriated to pasturage. The
climate is exceedingly moist and rainy, but not unhealtliy. The fisheries are
prosecuted here with great success : and a considerable quantity of kelp is ma-
nufactured annually. Game, of all kinds, are in great abundance. Peats are
LOG
the common fuel. Lord Seaforth is the sole Heritor. The Gaelic is the pre-
vailing language. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, and perqui-
sites : Besides which, The Society for propagating Christian Knowledge have
established a School in a detached district of the Parish, with a Salary of £'15.
Sterling.
LOCH-AN-DORB, CASTLE, v. EDEN-KEILLIE.
LOCHAN UAIN, v. KILLMORACK.
LOCH ARD, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Aber-Foyle. This
beautiful Lake is about 3 miles in length, and one mile in breadth, and abounds
with pike, trout, and eels. It is the last of a chain of Lakes, through which the
Forth passes, at a short distance from its source, and which contribute to form
it into a river : at the lower extremity of this Lake, it bursts forth with great
magnificence, over a rock nearly 30 feet high. In a very small Island in Loch
Ard, are still the ruins of a Ca.stle, which tradition reports to have been built
by The Duke of Albany, uncle to James the First of Scotland : and it is said to
have been intended for a retreat, almost inaccessible from its situation, when he
was under apprehension of being prosecuted on account of his ambitious designs.
LOCH ARKEGG, in the Shire of Inverness : and in the Parish of Kill-
Malie. An excellent road has been made along the Northern side of this Lake,
under the auspices of The Parliamentary Commissioners and Colonel
Donald Cameron, of Loch Eil; a distance of 22| miles, from Loch Nevish Head,
by Glen Desserie, to Bon-Arkegg below Auchnacarie. At the Western extre-
mity of the Lake, is the Stage House of Arkegg. This road communicates with
the Lochie Side road. It is a mountainous, and rugged district.
LOCHAR MOSS, in the Shire of Dumfries. This is an extensive tract of
moss, 12 miles in length by two or three miles in breadth, stretching down to
the Solway Firth. It is divided into two parts by the Lochar Water, which
winds through it. Various antiquities have been discovered here.
LOCHAR-MOUTH, v. RUTHWELL.
LOCH AUCHLOSSEN, v. LUMPHANAN.
LOCH AVICH, V. DALAVICH.
LOCH AWE, or OW, v. KILL-MARTIN. This Lake is reckoned the
most picturesque of any in The Highlands.
LOCH BAD-CA-UL, improperly called LOCH BAD-WELL, v. EDDER-
ACHYLIS.
LOCH BORLEY, v. DURNESS.
L O C
LOCH BRACK, v. BALMACLELLAN.
LOCH BRADEN, v. STRAITON.
LOCH-BREW, V. JOHNSTON.
LOCH BROOM, in the Shire of Ross : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £91. Sterling, together witli an extensive glebe, and a large
tract of land mortiGed for the benefit of the Church : Patron, The Crown : The
Church is in good condition. It is in the Presbytery of Loch Carron, and Synod
of Glenelg. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (comprehending
Isle Martin, Isle Tanera, and the Village of Ullapool) was 3533, and, in 1811,
was 3754. It is an extensive Parish, stretching along the Atlantic Ocean, and
is intersected by an arm of the sea to which it gives name. It consists princip-
ally of wild uncultivated mountains and hills, covered with moss, and heath ;
but which afford pasturage to numerous herds of black cattle. The climate is
very rainy. Here is a Parochial School, and also two of the Society's Schools ;
one of which is at Ullapool, and the other at Little Strath. The Herring fishei-y
is prosecuted here with great success. Mr. Mackenzie, o{ Diuulonnel, is the
only Resident Proprietor.
LOCH BRUIACH, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Kill-
tarlaty. It is 8 m. S. vS. W. from Beauly. This Lake is about a mile and a half
long, and nearly a mile broad, and in the middle of it is a small Island : it con-
tains four different kinds of black trout, and also abounds more than any other
Lake in Scotland with the finest char. Near this, is a house of the late Colonel
Fraser, who inclosed and subdivided the greatest part of his Farm, and also
planted some thousands of Forest trees, which will soon amply repay his patriotic
and judicious exertions.
LOCH BUNESSON, v. MULL, ISLE.
LOCH BUY, V. TOROSAY.
LOCH CANNOR, v. TULLOCH.
LOCH CAOLISPORT, v. CAOLISPORT.
LOCH CARRON, in the Shire of Ross : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, being the full valued Teind, was £114.. 13.. 9., including
£8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, and £43. .12. .11. by Parliamentary augment-
ation: Patron, The Crown: The Church was built in 1751, and the manse in
1778: the glebe is a good one. It is in the Presbytery of Loch Carron, and
Synod of Glenelg. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1178,
and, in 1811, was 1485. It is situate near the confluence of the river Carron
VOL. II. T t
LOG
with an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, to which it gives name. A General Post-
Office is established here. This is a beautiful Higliland Parish, about 14 miles
in length, and 6 miles in breadth. The arable soil is fertile ; but the climate is
exceedingly rainy. The Salary of the Parochial school is 300 merks, and per-
quisites. At the Ferry- Town of Strom, are the remains of an old Castle, which
formerly belonged to the Macdonells, of G/^n^rar?/; but of which they were
dispossessed in one of their feuds by the family of Seaforth. Loch Carron has
produced some good Gaelic poets, particularly the three Mackenzies ; some of
whose poems are to be found in Macdonald's collection. An important line of
Road is now making under the auspices of The Parliamentary Gommissioners,
from Kyle-Haken Ferry to Dingwall, by Loch Alsh, Jean Town, Luip, Auch-
nasheen, and Gontin, a distance of nearly 60 miles.
LOGH GATHEL, v. HALKIRK.
LOGH GATHERINE, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Pari.sh of Aber-
Foyle. This beautiful Lake is situate in the district of Monteith, and is about
10 miles in length, and \\ in breadth, exhibiting the most .sublime and romantic
scenery : it is formed by the river Teith, in its passage among those rugged
masses, which are called The Trosachs; some of which appear level with its
surface in the form of bold and rugged islands and promontories. It abounds
with pike, trout, and eels, all excellent of their kind.
LOGH GLAGHAN, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Pari.sh of Daviot.
It is 11 m. S. from Inverness. This is a Bason, formed by the stream which
issues from Loch Dimtelchack, and abounds with pike, and char.
LOGH-GOAT, v. TORPHIGHEN.
LOGH GON, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Aber-Foyle. This
Lake is about 2j miles in length, and abounds with pike, trout, and eels. It is
highly distinguished for its romantic scenery.
LOGH GRINAN, v. KILL-MARTIN.
LOGH DEE, V. KELLS.
LOGH DOINE, V. BALQUHIDDER.
LOGH DOON, V. STRAITON.
LOGH DOW, V. PENPONT.
LOGH DRUM, v. BANGHORY TARNAN.
LOGH DUIGH, v. GLEN SHIEL.
LOGH DUNTELGHAGK, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of
Daviot. It is 10 m. S. from Inverness. This Lake is about G miles in lensrth,
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and a})out one mile in breadlli ; and is of great depth. It abounds with pike,
and char.
LOCII DURAN, V. OLRICK.
LOCH-EARN-HEAD, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Bal-
quliidder. It is Q5^ m. N. W. from Edinburgli. A General Post-Office is
estabhshed here. This is an improving Village, situate at the Western extre-
mity of Lock Earn, and upon the great Military road from Stirling to Fort
William.
LOCH ECK, V. STRACHUR, and COWAL.
LOCHEE, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Liff. This is a
straggling Village, consisting of a number of small houses and gardens; it be-
gins at about 1^ m. N. W. from Dundee, and contains a narrow strip of land of
about two miles in length: it joins with, and continues directly West from Mile-
House. A small stream of water passes from Mile-House through Lochee, which,
on the South-side, forms a boundary to a portion of the Lands o^ Logic and Bal-
gay, as they extend there : on the South side of the stream, are very few houses
comparatively, but they all come under the name of Lochee ; hence a few of the
inhabitants belonging to Logie, Lochee may perhaps be said to be partly in the
Parish o? Dundee. A considerable manufacture of coarse linen is carried on here :
it owed its rise chiefly to a family of the name of Cock, and their descendants
with equal spirit and advantage pursue the same occupation. An office is now
appointed in Lochee, at which a person, commissioned by the Stamp-Office in
Dundee, attends once a Week, to inspect and stamp the webs manufactured
for sale in these Parishes : and which has been found highly convenient and
useful. See, 3Iile-House.
LOCH EIL, V. KILL-MALIE.
" When her bonnetted Chieftains to victory crowd,
Clanbanald the dauntless, and Moray the proud ;
All plaided and plum'd in their Tartan array —
— Lochiel, Lochiel, beware of the day!" Campbell,
It is in the line of The Caledonian Canal.
LOCH ELST, V. CRIECH.
LOCHENBRECK WELL, «. BALMAGHIE.
LOCHEND, V. NEW ABBEY.
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LOCHEND, in the Shire of Hadington; and in the Parish of Dunbar. This
is a Seat of Sir Peter Warrender, Bart. It is i m. South from Dunbar.
LOCH ERIBOLL, v. DURNESS.
LOCH ERNGROGO, v. CROSS-MICHAEL.
LOCHERWORTH, v. BORTHWICK.
LOCH ETIVE, V. ARDCHATTAN.
LOCH EW, an extensive arm of the Sea, on the West coast of the Shire of
Ross ; and in the Parish of Gairloch, It abounds with fish.
LOCH EYE, V. FEARN.
LOCH-FELL, v. ESK-DALE-MUIR.
LOCH FEOCHAN, v. IvILLNINVER.
LOCH FERGUS, v. KIRKCUDBRIGHT.
LOCH FINLAGAN, v. ISLAY, ISLAND.
LOCH FITTY, v. BEATH.
LOCH FLEET, v. GIRTHON.
LOCH GARE, v. ROSSNEATH.
LOCH-GELLIE, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife ; in the Parish
of Auchterderrau. It is 2^ m. E. N. E. from Beath. This is a pretty large
Village, principally inhabited by weavers. There are five large Trysts, for black
cattle, holden here annually ; and which oxefree from all customs. The Lake
o^ Loch Gellie is about 3 miles in circumference. The Village lies very high,
and the air is consequently extremely cold.
LOCH-GILP-HEAD, in the District, and Shire of Argyle ; and in the
Parish of Glassary. It is \2o^ m. W. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office
is established here. This is a small Village, situate at the Northern extremity
of an arm of the sea to which it gives name, and which communicates with Loch
Fine. There is a weekly packet from hence to Greenock : and there is also an
excellent line of road by the West end of the Crinan Canal, through Killmelfort
to Oban,
LOCH GLENGAP, v. TWYNEHOLM.
LOCH-GOIL-HEAD, in the District of Cowal, and Shire of Argvle : for-
merly an Arch-Deanery, with the Parish of Killmorich united : the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £'34. .7. .2. in money, 96 bolls 3 firlots 1 peck of meal,
£8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, find £15.. 17. .5. by Parliamentary augment-
ation, and a glebe : the manse is old, but in tolerable repair: Patron, Camp-
bell, of Ardkimjlass : Both the Churches are old, and in bad condition: the
L O C
Minister preaches two Sabbaths at Locli-Goil-IIead, and the third at Cairndow
in the Parish of Killmorich. It is in the Presbytery of Dunoon, and Synod of
Arg-yle. The Resident Population of tlie Parish of Loch-Goil-Head, in 1801,
was 680, and, in 1811, was 604. It is 8 ra. S. from Cairndow. The United
Parishes are about 30 miles in length, and from 6 to 20 miles in breadth ; exclu-
sive of a District belonging to them, on the Western side of Loch Fyne, which
is 5 miles in length, and annexed, quoad sacra, to the Parish of Inverary. The
surface is in general very rugged, and deeply intersected by three arms of the
sea, viz., Loch Goil, Loch Long, and Loch Fyne. The soil, upon the coast, is
light, sharp, and sandy ; and some of the low rallies arc rich, and fertile ; but
by far the greater part is mountainous, and appropriated to pasture. The rains
are frequent, and heavy. In the mountains are many natural caves of great ex-
tent, which were used as places of concealment when predatory incursions ren-
dered the lives and property of the inhabitants insecure. Game, of various kinds,
are in great plenty. Loch-Goil-Head being a nmch frequented Pass, especially
in summer, between the West Highlands and the Low Country, is accommo-
dated with a good Inn. The Gaelic is the prevailing language. Fuel is ex-
pensive. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with School-
fees, and perquisites, and a house, and garden. The ancient Castle of Carrick
is situate upon a Rock, on the Western Coast of Loch Goil : it was bui'ued by
the Athol-men, nothing now remaining but the walls, and these are not entire :
This was formerly a Royal Residence, and The Duke of Argyle is Hereditary
Keeper of it. Ardgartan, the property of Campbell, of Stracliur, is pleasantly
situate on the banks of Loch Long, and surrounded with fine woods. Near this
is a deep and wide Glen, called Glencroe, which forms one of the Passes into
the Highlands. The Scenery of Glencroe is sublime in the highest degree ; and
down the middle of it, runs a considerable bi'ook, formed by a hundred little
rills, which, being increased by the ruins with which the Glen is almost con-
stantly deluged, tumble in beautiful cascades from the steep and rugged moun-
tains on both sides. The length of this Glen is between four and five miles : the
road ascends gently through the whole of it, except the last mile, where it is very
steep, and carried in a zig-zag form to the summit of the hill ; where there is a
Seat, and a stone inscribed " Rest and be Thankful," placed here by the Twenty-
Second Regiment, who made the road. There are a few miserable cottages
in Glencroe, inhabited by the Shepherds. By a Memorial presented to The
LOG
Commissioners for Highland Roads and Bridges, in the month of April 1805,
by Tlie Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council of The City of Glasgow, The
Magistrates and Council of The Town of Greenock, Sir Alexander Campbell,
of Ardkinglass, Bart., and Archibald Campbell, ofDrimsynie, Esq., it appears,
" That by the several roads which are now executing under your direction, a
certain and easy communication will be opened from the Northern aad Western
Highlands, and the coasts contiguous to the Western Highlands with Fort Wil-
liam, from whence there is a good road to Inverary.— -But, it must also be of very
great importance to open an easy and expeditious communication from Inver-
ary to the Clyde, as at present Travellers have no road by which they can get
to Greenock from Inverai'y, except going round by Glasgow, a distance of
Eighty-four miles, or travelling to Dumbarton, a distance of Forty-four miles, and
hiring a Boat from that place ; besides being extremely difficult and often impos-
sible to procure horses, or any other means of conveyance, the usjual resource of
persons who can attbrd it, being to order Post-chaises from Glasgow, or Dum-
barton, which, besides the expense, occasions a delay of some days. — To remove
these difficulties, the Memorialists beg leave to point out a very short communi-
cation between Inverary and the Clyde, that is, from Ardnoe on Loch Fyne
through Hells Glen, to the Head o{ Loch-God, the distance being only six miles.
And supposing the Traveller to start at Inverary, and to ferry over at St.
Catherine's, the distance from St. Catherine's to Loch-Goil-Head, is not eight
miles. — The advantages of this road are obvious ; Travellers may reach
Loch-Goil-Head from Inverary in less than three hours. Foot-travellers are
generally encumbered with heavy burdens, but by having a hired Cart at
St. Catherine's, and another at Loch-Goil-Head, they will be enabled to
proceed with ease and expedition. — This road will also be of great advan-
tage to the Herring Fishery on Loch Fyne, as well as to the great and
populous Towns on the river and Firth of Clyde, by procuring a speedy con-
veyance for fresh Herrings from Loch Fyne to Glasgow, Paisley, Greenock, and
all that neighbourhood ; and, from lime immemorial. Herrings have been carried
from Loch-Fyne to Loch-Goil-Head, and from thence carried fresh in boats to
Glasgow, Paisley, and Greenock. — Hitherto, owing to the want of a good road,
the Herrings have been carried on Horseback, in creels or baskets, and in that
way a horse could not carry more than live or six Hundred at once ; but, on a
good road, and in a cart, it is well known that a horse can draw a load of many
LOG
Thousand Herrings at a time ; besides, after arriving at Locli-Goil-llead,
should contrary winds prevent boats from proceeding to the Clyde, the Herrings
can easily be conveyed to Porlincaple, and from thence carried in carls into
the inland Counties of Dumbarton, Perth, and Stirling." — This short road
(Of miles) was, in consequence, completed in terms of the Act; it has now
been extremely useful to the Public for some years, and has been kept in repair
by the Statute labour of the District. See, KUlmorich. In the month of
February 1808, The Commissioners received a Memorial from The Road Com-
mittee of the Shire of Argyle, offering to contribute a moiety towards a proposed
improvement of the road between the Head of Loch Long and the Head oi Loch
Fyne (15 miles by measurement), over the Mountain between Glencroe and
Glen-Kinglass. The road now in use having been made as a Military road at
the expense of the Public, The Commissioners did not think themselves author-
ized to entertain a proposal for a mere improvement, the expense of which
was estimated at nearly Seven Thousand Pounds ; and so they informed the
Memorialists.
LOCH GORM, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Killtarlaty.
It is 11 m, S. b. W. from Beauly. This Lake is about a mile in circumference,
and abounds with a delicious species of trout.
LOCH GRUNART, v. KILL-CHOMAN.
LOCH GRUNNOCK, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright ; and in the Par-
ish of Girthon. This Lake is about 3 miles in length, and, in some places, one
mile in breadth ; and is remarkable for its abundance of char.'
LOCH HOURN, v. GLENELG.
LOCH INCHARD, v. EDDERACHYLIS.
LOCH-IN-DAUL, v. KILL-CHOMAN, and KILL- ARROW.
LOCHINVAR, V. DALRY.
LOCH KEN, V. KELLS.
LOCH KINDAR, v. NEW ABBEY.
LOCH KIRBISTER, v. ORPHIR.
LOCH KISHORN, v. APPLECROSS.
LOCH KNOCK, v. KILLDALTON.
LOCH LAGGAN, v. LAGGAN.
LOCH LAHICH, v. KILLFINICHEN.
LOCH LAXFORD, v. EDDERACHYLIS. It is in the Latitude of 58" 24'
North, and in the Longitude of 5° 2' 22" West.
LOG
LOCH LEE, in the Shire of Forfar ; formerly a part of the Charge of Leth-
not, but made a separate Charge in 1723 : the Stipend of which, in 1812, was
£7B..6.A~. being- the full valued Teind of the Parish, £12.. 14.. 7. payable out of
the Teinds of the Parish of Lethnot, conformable to use and wont, £8. .6.. 8. for
Communion elements, and £69. .5. .8^. by Parliamentary augmentation : the
matise is a neat, modern building situate on the North bank of the river
Mark, directly opposite to the ruins of the old Castle o^ Inver-Mark : the glebe
consists of about 20 acres of arable land, together with all the pasture, grass,
and hill of the Farm ot Drotisly ; its average length being about two miles,
and its breadth being about one mile : Patron, The Crown : The Church,
which is situate a little to the Eastward of the manse, is a very neat, and com-
modious edifice. At the distance of four miles from the Parish Church, near the
confluence of the river Tar/" with the North Esk, a new Chapel belonging to the
Scotch Episcopalians, was built in 1810: it is neat, and commodious, but very
indifferently seated. It is in the Presbytery of Brechin, and Synod of Angus
and Mearna. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 541, and,
in 1811, was 521. It is 20 m. N. W. from Brechin. The inhabited part of the
Parish is about 8 miles in length, and 4 miles in breadth ; but the pasture, and
waste lands, make it 12 miles long, and 6 miles broad. It is surrounded by the
Grampian Mountains on all sides, except at the East end, through which the
river North Esk directs its course. The hills are for the most part steep, rocky,
and covered with heath ; even the vallies are covered with heath, except the
cultivated land, the extent of which is inconsiderable: and the soil is thin and
light, generally on a bottom of gravel, intermixed with stones. About 10,000
sheep are fed upon the hills, and nearly 200 black cattle are annually reared in
the Parish. The climate is late, and the crops are often injured by the severity
of the weather: but it is not unhealthy. The Honourable William Maule, of
Panmure, is Proprietor of the Parish. It is watered by the rivers Lee, Mark
Branny, and Tarf; the three former of which unite opposite to the New Church,
and constitute the North Esk. The Lee, passing through Loch Lee, gives name
to the Parish ; this Loch is about a mile long, and a quarter of a mile broad,
and abounds with trout, eels, and char. The Roads, and Bridges, are in toler-
able repn,ir. As the mosses in the low grounds are nearly exhausted, fuel will
be obtained with greater difficulty and labour, in a few years hence ; the hills,
although in many places covered with deep moss, being, at present, inaccessible.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 mcrks Scotch, payable by the Heritor
LOG '
and Tenants : and, by a deed of morlificalion of John Lindsay, of Edzell, dated
the 22d of August 1659, the master has an additional Salary of 100 merks
Scotch, G bolls of oat-meal, about 5 acres of arable land, and pasturage for one
horse, and one cow ; the master may also claim the pasturage of 20 sheep ; and,
in 1807, a new School, and School-house, were erected contiguous to the Castle
o( Inver-Mark. The present worthy Minister, The Rev. David Inglis, most
obligingly adds, " Tlie rocks abound with lime-stone ; and a vein of lead ore,
containing a sixty-third part of silver, has been traced for several miles, in a
direction from East to West, but it has not been found adequate to the expense
of working. The hills abound with game, and a (ew ptarmagans frequent Mount-
Keen, and Mount-Battock, the summits of which are elevated between two and
three thousand feet above the level of the sea. The rents arc ^d\A forehand ;
that is to say, the rent for the crop of 1812 is paid, the first half at Whitsunday
1811, and the last half at Martinmas of the same year. Services of all kinds are
abolished, except that each Tenant is to furnish a man and horse for two days
in the year, to attend the Proprietor, if desired ; and, in proportion to their rents,
to carry materials for building and repairing the Church, manse, school, and
public edifices in the Parish. Agriculture is now more attended to than for-
merly ; and the crops are oats, Chester bear or big, with a few pease, potatoes,
and turnips." The Castle of Inver-Mark was the ancient residence of the family
of Lindsay.
LOCH LEVEN, in the Shires of Kinross, and Fife. This is a very fine
piece of water, and though inferior in magnitude and grandeur to Loch Lomond,
is by no means destitute of beauties of the more soft and gentle kind. It is about
four miles in length, and nearly of the same breadth ; and its circumference is
about twelve miles. It contains four Islands, on one of which are the ruins of
a Castle, formerly belonging to the Douglases, of Loch Leven, and which is
generally called The Castle of Loch Leven. See, Porimoak,
LOCFI LIBO SIDE, v. NEILSTON.
LOCHLIN, CASTLE, v. FEARN.
LOCH LING, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, in the Shire of Ross. It
forms the Northern boundary of the Peninsula of Kintail, and is well stocked
with fish.
LOCH LINNHE', an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, which separates the Shires
of Jnverness, and Argyle ; extending in a North-Easterly diieclion from the
VOL n. Uu
LOG
Sound of Mull, as far as Fort William, where it takes a Northerly direction, and
acquires the name of Loch Eil.
LOCH LOCHY, in the Shire of Inverness. This is a fine fresh water Lake,
about 14 miles in length, and from one to two miles in breadth. The moun-
tains on each side are very steep, and some parts are covered with wood. It is
12 m. N. N. E. from Fort William. An excellent road has been made, under
the auspices of The Parliamentary Commissioners, and Colonel Donald
Cameron, of Loch. Eil : a distance of 18| miles nearly, from Clunes to the head
of the Lake ; and also from Corpach Moss, near Kill-Malie, by the West side
of the river Lochy to Climes, and a branch from thence towards Loch Arkegg,
a distance of 125^ miles. A Ferry boat over the river Lochy, near Fort Wil-
liam, has likewise been established, similar to that which is in use upon the
river Clyde at Renfrew, and affords at all times a safe and speedy passage to
travellers. A Quarry of suitable stone has been discovered in a convenient
situation on its Northern shore, which is applied for the construction of the Lock
and Bridge over the river Lochy. The Soundings in this Lake are from 7 to 68
fathoms, with bold shores and good anchorage.
LOCH LOITTER, v. MEIKLY.
LOCH LOMOND, in the Shire of Dumbarton. This magnificent expanse of
water is about 30 measured miles in length, and in some places its breadth ex-
ceeds 8 or 10 miles ; and its surface contains upwards of 20,000 acres of water.
In it are several Islands, finely wooded ; and the variety and grandeur of its
scenery are highly and deservedly extolled. Its surface has for several years
past been observed gradually to increase and invade the adjacent shore : and
there is reason to suppose that Churches, houses, and other buildings have been
lost in the water. At the time of the remarkable Earthquake at Lisbon, in 1755,
the water of Loch Lomond was affected in a very surprising manner : when the
agitation subsided, a boat was found on the dry land, at the distance of more
than forty yards from its station on the lake ; and, where the banks were low,
the country was overflowed to a considerable extent.
LOCH LONG, an extensive arm of the sea, which branches off* from the
Firth of Clyde, and separates the Shires of Dumbarton, and Argyle. It is
about 24 miles in length, and at its centre sends ofl" Loch Qoil, a small branch,
in a North- Westerly direction. The coast is bold and steep, and the hills are
high and craggy. It abounds with a variety of excellent fish ; but the principal
attention is paid to the herring fishery.
LOG
LOCH LOY, in the Shire of Nairn : and in the Parish of Auldearn. This
is an inconsiderable Lake, situate on the coast, in the North part of the Parish,
and is about a mile in length, and a quarter of a mile in breadth, being rather
below the level of the sea. It has formerly, in all probability, been much larger
than it is at present, and gradually contracted by the blowing of the sands
in its neighbourhood, where there are two hills of fluctuating sand of great
magnitude.
LOCH LUBNAIG, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parishes of Callander,
and Abcr-Foyle. This Lake is about 5 miles in length, and from half a mile
to three quarters of a mile in breadth : and attempts have lately been made to
carry off several feet of water from it, by cutting the bar, collected by the Burn
of Slank, and by removing other obstructions. Upon its bank is the House of
Kinnaird, built by the late Mr. Bruce, the celebrated Abyssinian traveller, and
to which place he retired for several summers to arrange his notes.
LOCH LUINA, V. DALAVICH.
LOCH LURGIE, v. NENTHORN.
LOCHMABEN, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally
situate in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in
1811, was £'150. : the manse is in decent repair : the glebe consists of more
than the legal extent : Patron, The Earl of Mansfield : The Church is an old
Gothic edifice, dedicated to St. Mary 3Iagdalen, which suffered much in a
bloody family feud, in 1591, between the Maxwells, of Nithsdale, and the John-
stones, of Annandale. It is in the Presbytery of Lochmaben, and Synod of
Dumfries. The Resident Population of this Town, a«f? Parish, in 1801, was
2053, and, in 1811, M\as 2392. It is 65 m. S. from Edinburgh. A General
Post-Office is established here. The Fairs are holden on the last Tuesdays
O. S., in January, April, July, and October. This Royal Burgh is of very an-
cient erection, being said to have received its Charter from King Robert Bruce,
whose paternal estate was the great Lordship of Annandale : and it is certain,
that that Monarch presented the Borough with lands from his own possessions.
The oldest Charter is a writ of novodaimis granted by James the Sixth, on the
16th of July 1612 ; giving, as a reason for the renewal, the inroads of the Eng-
lish, who had plundered and burnt the Town, and destroyed its Records. It
is governed by a Provost, 3 Baillies, a Dean of Guild, Treasurer, and 9 Common
Council-men : and unites with Annan, Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, and Sanquhar,
in sending one Member to Parliament. The Borough Roods, and Town Com-
Uu2
LOG
monty, are very extensive. A considerable manufacture of coarse linen is car-
ried on here. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with
tlie Interest on £200., bequeathed by the late James Richardson, o{ Reading ;
and for which the master is to teach 10 poor Scholars of this Parish, English,
Latin, writing, and arithmetic, gratis ; the same Itenevolent Gentleman also
left £'100., for supporting a Library, and keeping in repair a good house, built
by him, for the use of the School-master, and for preserving, supplying, and
continuing the said Library : and he further left £100., the Interest of which is
to be applied to a School in Hightae, for the benefit of the whole Four Towns.
Close to the Town, is the site of a very ancient Gastle, which was originally
the Seat of Robert Bbuce, Lordof Annandale, before that Family came to the
Crown of Scotland-: and here, it is said, that Robert the First was born. The
ground upon which it stood, now belongs to Robert Maxwell, Esq. , whose pre-
decessors have been in possession of it upwards of 200 years ; their ancestor
David Maxwell having been then appointed Sub-Governor of this Castle, by
Lord Maxwell, Warden of the Western borders, and Keeper of the same:
And Mr. Maxwell, the present worthy Provost, and his predecessors, have been
often and long the chief Magistrates of the Town. — ^The Parish of Lochmaben
is about 10 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth, extending along the banks
of the Annan. The soil is exceedingly rich, especially on the banks of the
rivers ; and great improvements have lately been made in the moor lands, by the
assistance of lime. Peat is the fuel mostly used, but the mosses are wearing-
out : coals are brought from England, at the distance of 30 or 40 miles. There
is a fine salmon fishery on the Annan, which belongs principally to this Parish,
The Roads are in good repair. There are seven or eight Lochs in the Parish,
but the Castle Loch is the largest: this is a beautiful sheet of water, lying
South of the Town, bein^ a mile and a half in length, and a mile in
breadth, and abounding with a variety of fish : among which there is one
species that seems to be peculiar to this Lake ; it greatly resembles a small
herring, both in appearance and flavour, but is esteemed more delicate, and
is called Vendace or Vendise. Upon a Peninsula of this Loch stands the Castle,
which is by far the largest and strongest of any on the Border, next to Carlisle,
against which it was a frontier garrison. ThisCastle wasalsobuilt byKing Robert
Bruce, and before the Unionofthe Crowns, a garrison of 200 men was constantly
kept in it. The Governor had a Salary of £300. Scotch, together with the fishing of
ihe Lochs, The Earl of Hopetoun isKeepcr of IhisForlress : for, amongthe titlesof
(
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Tfie Marquisof Annandale, he assumes that of Constable, or Hereditary Keeper
of the Castle of Lochmahen. But the great estate of Murray Earl of Annandale,
of which the Castle and Barony of Lochmaben are a part, having gone, by succes-
sion, to Murray Viscount Stormont, Earl ofMANSFiELD in England, his Lordship
likewise claims the title of Hereditary Keeper, and Constable of this Castle. It has
long been in ruins, and is surrounded by a large uncultivated tract of land, called
The Castle 3fains: in former times there was a deer park, and a very extensive
oak forest. Both of these castles, and this part of the country in general, were
the scenes of various military exploits, and of some of the heroic actions of the
renowned Sir William Wallace, o( Ellerslie. Contiguous to The Castle Mains
is the Barony of Lochmaben, or, as it is more commonly called. The Four
Towns, (from the circumstance of the district comprehending four populous
Villages), a very large tract of fertile land, on the banks of the Annan. The
Tenants are commonly called. The King's kindly Tenants. The original pos-
sessors were the garrison of the Castle, to whom the lands were granted for their
attendance on the duties of the garrison, or, according to the opinion of others, the
domestic servants of the Castle. The Tenants hold by fir /a/ tenure, that is, with-
out charter or seisin, the property being transferred by delivery and possession
only: a species of tenure, which obtains also in the Crown lands in the Orkney
and Shetland Islands. The tenants pay a small rent to The Earl of Mansfield, as
Viscount Stormont : and the transfer of property requires only to be inserted in
His Lordship's rental (^vhich is done without expense), to render the transac-
tion valid. The right of the Tenants was renewed by James the Sixth, and
Charles the Second ; it was also confirmed by The Court of Session, and by a
decree of The British House of Peers, on the 28th of December 1726, and the
14th of January 172T. Their possessions and valuations are distinguished by
acres : in which there is a peculiarity, as the Ell by which their acres have been
measured, called T/ie Barony Ell, contains 42 inches, whereas the common Ell,
that is used in the country, is only 38. Contiguous to The Four Towns, there
was an extensive Commonty, in which they had an interest : it was divided
some years ago, and they had a large share of it. Their several proportions are
mostly now improved, and are of higher value than their original properly acres.
On many of their shares small Farm-houses have been erected, which have con-'
siderably increased the number of Inhabitants of the Parish. The prevailing-
names in this District are, Richardson, Rae, Kennedy, Nicholson, and
Wright, but the Riciiardsons are by far the most uumerous : And some of'
L O C
these names are to be found among the companions of Wallace and Bruce, in
his wars for the recovery of his ancient inheritance of the Kingdom of Scotland.
Spedlin's Castle is situate about three miles to the Nortlnvard of Lochmabeu, on
the Western bank of the river Annan : it has long been, as it is at present, the
property of an ancient and respectable family, the Jardines, oi Apple garth:
who have a handsome modern seat, and plantation, on the opposite side of the
river. Mr. Grose has preserved two Views of it.
LOCH MADDIE, v. UIST, NORTH.
LOCH-MALONY, v. KILLMANY.
LOCH MAREE, v. GAIRLOCH.
LOCH-MEADY, v. HALKIRK.
LOCH MELFORT, v. KILLMELFORT.
LOCH MIGDOL, v. CRIECH.
LOCH MOIDART, v. MOID ART.
LOCH MOIR, V. EDDERACHYLIS.
LOCH-MORE, V. HALKIRK.
LOCH MORLICH, v. KINCHARDINE.
LOCH NABEAU, v. URQUHART.
LOCH-NA-GAUL, an Inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, upon the Western
Coast of Inverness. In the year 1796, Mr. Brown, Road Engineer, by orders
from the then Commander in Chief, in Scotland, surveyed a line of road to lead
from the Ferry of the river Lochy near Fort William, up Loch Eil, to Loch-na-
Gaul, on the confines of the Counties of Inverness and Aroyle, extendino' to
37^ miles: which road was first undertaken by the Trustees for the Estate of
Macdonald, of Clanranald, and a great part executed solely at his expense.
By the Report of Mr. Telford to The Commissioners for Highland Roads
and Bridges, on the 16th of December 1803, it appears, that " the general
importance of this road has been fully stated by The Highland Society, and also
in his Report made to The Lords of the Treasury in 1802. It opens a commu-
nication from Glasgow, Greenock, and Oban, by Fort William, to The Islands
and Fishing grounds to the South of Skye. The termination of the road on
Loch-na-Gaul, being nearly opposite to the point of Sleat in Skye, it will afford
an opportunity of establishing a Ferry there, and Clanranald has already built
a very excellent Inn at Arasaig, with that view upon the shore of Loch-na-
Gaul ; and the Post-master General, satisfied of the utility of this Station to the
Public, has already established a Post-OfFice there. The advantages which the
L O C
extensive tract of country lying between Loch-na-Gaul and Fort William will
derive from this road, are many and evident. It will open a direct communica-
tion with the Military road at Fort William, which connects with the East and
West coasts also to the Southward ; and the usual intercourse of the country
also, with black cattle and sheep, will be along this road from various parts of
the country. A branch may readily be carried from this road at Loch-na- Gaul
to Loch Mor'ar, which will probably lead to a further extension to Loch Nevish,
by which that part of the coast will be completely opened, and it may, in time,
connect with the Glen-Garry road at Loch-Hovrn.'" —
LOCH-NAN-KELL, or LOCH-NAN-GAUL, v. KILL-NINIAN.
LOCHNAW, CASTLE, v. LESWALT.
LOCH NEATTIE, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Kill-
tarlaty. It is 8 m. SW. b. S. from Beauly. This Lake is about a mile in length:
it contains a species of very black trout, from 10 inches to a foot long, and also
abounds with large Pike.
LOCH NEDD, in the Shire of Sutherland; and in the Parish of Assint.
This is a safe Harbour, sheltered from every wind ; and, in the herring season,
is well frequented.
LOCH NELL, v. KILLMORE.
LOCH NESS, in the Shire of Inverness. From the Survey and Report of
The Coasts and Central Highlands of Scotland made by the Command of The
Right Honourable The Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury, in the
Autumn of 1802, by Thomas Telford, Esq., Civil Engineer, it appears, " that
Loch Ness is 22 miles in length, and from one to two and a half miles in breadth ;
that its extreme depth is 135 fathoms, and generally 15 to 20 very near the
Shores ; that there are six anchoring places on the North, and four on the South
side, and that at each end of the Loch there is good anchorage in from 3 to 5,
8 and 10 fathoms water. — That a vessel passing from the West to the East end
before a Westerly wind, or in a contrary direction befoi'e an Easterly wind, has
nothing to do but run before the wind the whole way, which she would do in
from three to five hours, and with contrary winds in moderate weather she would
work it in from 24 to 36 hours. — That the Easterly winds generally prevail from
March till the end of September, when the Westerly winds set in and continue
for the rest of the year." The surrounding scenery is remarkably grand. Its
water is extremely clear and pleasant, and is imagined by the natives to be me-
dicinal. It never freezes in the severest winter. At the time of the great earth-
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quake at Lisbon, in 1755, this lake was agitated in an extraordinary manner.
It now constitutes a prominent featnre in the line of The Caledonian Canal,
LOCH NEVISH, v. GLENELG.
LOCH of LINDORES, v. ABDIE.
LOCH of MONTEITH, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Port.
This beautiful lake is about 5 miles in circumference, and abounds with perch,
pike, and eels.
LOCH of THE LOWES, v. YARROW.
LOCH of TROSTRIE, v. TWYNEHOLM.
LOCH OICH, in the Shire of Inverness. It is in the middle of The Great
Valley, and is about 4 miles in length. It is situate to the Northward of Loch
Lochy, and is in the line of The Caledonian Canal.
LOCH ORDIE, I'. DOWALLY,
LOCH-ORE, V. BALLINGRY.
LOCH ORIEL, V. CORTACHY.
LOCH ORR, V. GLEN CAIRN.
LOCH OW,r. KILL -MARTIN.
LOCH PARK, V. MORTLACH.
LOCH QUEENSIDE, v. LOCH WINNOCH.
LOCH RANZA, in the Isle of Arran, and Shire of Bute : An Assistant to
the Ministers of Kill-Bride, and Kill-Mory, is established here, who has \\\e
charoe of the Northern District, with an annual Salary of 500 merks Scotch. It
is situate at the North end of the Island, and affords two safe Harbours for small
Boats, in the time of the Herring fishery : an old Castle, built by one of the
Scottisli monarchs, at the bottom of the Bay, serves to direct tlie Boats into the
inner Harbour, which has three fathoms water, at the lowest ebb. The Village
o^ Ranza is situate on a little plain, watered by a small stream of the same
name, and is iidiabited by fishermen. The Chapel was founded and endowed
by Anne, the good Duchess of Hamilton.
LOCH RESORT, v. LOCHS, and HARRIS.
LOCH RESTENET, v. FORFAR.
LOCH ROHN, V. CROSS-MICHAEL. '
LOCH RUTHVEN, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Dun-
lichty. It is 10 m. S. W. from Inverness. This Lake is about 3 miles in length,
but scarcely one mile over, at the broadest part. It abounds with trout.
LOCH-RUTTON, in the Slcwartry of Kirkcudbright: formerly a Vicarage,
LOG
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £75. in money, 100 merks for Communion
elements, 24 bolls of meal, and 24 bolls of bear, and a glebe : the manse was
built in 1730: Patron, The Marquis of Queensberry : The Church is ancient.
It is in the Presbytery, and Synod, of Dumfries. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 514, and, in 1811, was 563. It is 5 m. W. S. W.
from Dumfries. This Parish contains about 7000 acres. The extremities are
hilly ; but the remainder lies in a valley of arable land, which is interspersed
with eminences, mosses, and meadows. The soil is in general a light shallow
loam, on a gravelly bottom ; and is neither very barren, nor very fertile. The
climate is cold, but not unhealthy. The Lake or Loch, from which the Parish
derives its name, is a mile in length, and about half a mile in breadth : it abounds
with pike, perch, and eels ; and in the centre, is a small Island, which is much
frequented by sea-gulls, during the season of incubation. Here is a Chalybeate
spring, called Merkland Well, which is in considerable repute in stomachic
complaints. Peats are the common fuel. The great Military Road, from Dum-
fries to Port-Patrick, runs the whole length of the Parish. Upon a Hill at the
Eastern extremity, are the vestiges of a Druidical temple, commonly called The
Seven Grey Stones ; though, in fact, there are nine upright stones, surrounding
an eminence, and forming a circle of about 170 feet in diameter. Adjacent to
the Lake, is The Castle of Loch-Rutton, or The Hills Castle. The pre-
sent building, from its style, does not seem older than the middle of the Six-
teenth century ; and, indeed, from the dates of 1598 and 1600 over the Gate and
Inner Court, it is most likely that some re-edification, or great repair, took place
at those times. From the Wardrobe Account of the year 1300, published by
The Society of Antiquaries of London, it appears, that there was at that
time a Castle, or Mansion, of sufficient size and consequence to receive King
Edward the First, who remained here one night, in his way from the Castle of
Caerlaverock to Kirkcudbright, and in his Chapel here offered up his Oblations ;
the words of the Original are, " 17 die Julii in Obac' Regis ad Altare in Capella
sua apud Loghroieton, 7s." This Fortalice was afterwards one of the strong-
holds, which were possessed by the Douglas family, when Lords of Galloway;
and, upon the ruin of that House, it was granted to the Herries family, from
whom it came to the Lords Maxwell, and devolved to a Cadet of that House,
thence denominated Maxwell, of The Hills, according to a copy of an ancient
Pedigree of the Nithsdale Family, preserved at Friars' Carse, Mr. Grose hasi
given a view of this Castle.
VOL. II. X X
L O C
LOCH RYAN, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown. This
is a considerable Bay, which extends in a South-East direction fronti the Atlantic
Ocean ; forming by its approximation to the Bay of Lnice, that Peninsula which
is called The Rinns or Rhyns of Galloway. It extends about 10 miles in length,
and is about two miles broad at its entrance, and continues of the same breadth
for about three miles ; it then spreads out very beautifully into a circular figure,
about four miles in breadth. The whole Bay affords excellent anchorage, par-
ticularly opposite to the Village of Cairn, in Portmore Bay, Tlie Wig, the Bay of
Soleburn, the Bay of Dalmennock, and the Harbour of Stranraer. Loch Ryan,
according to General Roy, is undoubtedly the Rerigonus Sinus of Ptolomey, and
Richard of Cirencester, near which they place the Rerigonum Urhs. The situ-
ation in Richard's map leads to Loch Ryan House, which stands on the East
side of the Loch, about the middle of it, where it is narrowest. Either here,
then, or at Stranraer, which is situate at the bottom of the Bay, according as ves-
tiges or coins (if either are discovered) may seem best to authorize, the city of
Rerigonum may be fixed.
LOCHS, in the Isle of Lewis, and Shire of Ross : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £80.. 11.. 0., and a glebe: the manse, and offices,
are in good repair : Patron, The Crown : The Church was lately rebuilt. It is
in the Presbytery of Lewis, and Synod of Gleuelg. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 1875, and, in 1811, was 1927. It is situate at the
Southern extremity of Lewis, and is separated from Harris by Loch Seaforth,
on the East, and Loch Resort, on the West, and an intervening ridge of lofty
mountains. This is an extensive Parish, intersected by numerous arms of the
sea, which afford excellent anchorage for vessels of considerable burden, espe-
cially Loch Resort, and Loch Shell, at the entrance of each of which is an Island,
that render them secure retreats for vessels at all seasons. The coast is bold
and rocky; but the interior is more level, and agriculture has been much im-
proved here of late. The air is very moist, but not unhealthy. Fish of various
kinds are abundant, but cod and ling constitute the principal fishery. The
Gaelic language is their mother tongue. Peats are the common fuel. Lord
Seaforth is sole heritor of the Parish. Here is both a Parochial, and a Society's
School, And Lady Seaforth, with a benevolence and circumspection deserv-
ing the greatest praise, has directed the industry of the female inhabitants
to the useful and rational occupation of spinning flax ; and to excite a htudable
emulation in the Spinning schools, her Ladyship geperously gives premiumu
LOG
to the best performers. About 50 tons of kelp are manufactured here annually.
See, LeuHS.
LOCH SCAMMADALE, v. KILLNINVER.
LOCH SCERO, V. GIRTHON.
LOCH SCOUSBURGH, v. DUNROSS-NESS.
LOCH SCREDAN, v. KILLFINICHEN.
LOCH SEAFORTH, v. HARRIS.
LOCH SHELL, v. LOCHS.
LOCH SHIN, V. LAIRG.
LOCH SKEEN, v. MOFFAT.
LOCH SKELBERRY, v. DUNROSS-NESS.
LOCH SKRESORT, v. RUM, ISLAND.
LOCH SLIN, CASTLE, in the Shire of Cromarty, though locally situate
in the Shire of Ross : and in the Parish of Fearn. It is 4 ra. E. from Tain. See,
Fearn, and Cromarty.
LOCH STACK, v. EDDERACHYLIS.
LOCH STRATHBEG, v. CRIMOND.
LOCH TARBERT, EAST and WEST, v. HARRIS.
LOCH TAY, V. WEEM, and KENMORE.
LOCHTOWN, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Long-Forgan.
This is a small Village; near which is the Hill oi Lochloivn, elevated 1172 feet
above the level of the sea.
LOCH TRALIG, v. KILLNINVER.
LOCH TREAG, v. RANNOCH.
LOCH-URD, V. KIRK-URD.
LOCH VENNOCHAR, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Port.
This beautiful Lake is about four miles in length, and one mile in breadth ; and
is the boundary between this Parish, and Callander,
LOCH VOIL, V. BALQUHIDDER.
LOCHWHARRET, v. BORTHWICK.
LOCH WHINN YAN, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright ; and in the Parish
of Girthon. This Lake furnishes the Cotton mills at Gatehouse with a copious
stream ofwater, by a Canal, that was cut ata considerable expense, forthat purpose.
LOCH WINNOCH, in the Shire of Renfrew : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, Avas 127 bolls of meal, and £2. of Vicarage: the
nanse, and offices, are in good repair : the glebe consists of 6 acres of good land :
Xx2
L O C
Patron, The Trustees of Mr. Macdowall, of Garthland: The Church is in good
condition. It is in the Presbytery of Paisley, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 2955, and, in 1811, was
3514. It is 8 m. W. S.W. from Paisley. This Parish extends about 6 miles
square; of which, 5476 acres are arable, and are all inclosed, and well culti-
vated: Tlie Misty Lato, a remarkable hill, which is elevated about 1240 feet
above the level of the sea, is surrounded by the muirland part, and abounds with
game. The Loch of Castle Semple, is a beautiful piece of water, covering up-
wards of 400 acres : it is well stocked with pike, perch, and eels, and is much
frequented by various kinds of aquatic birds. The Loch of Qiieenside, which is
situate in the muirs, contains about 21 acres, and forms an excellent reservoir,
for supplying two large cotton mills erected in the village. The climate is rainy.
The roads are good. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together
with School fees, and perquisites : besides which, there is a School in the South-
ern district, with a Salary of 50 merks, a School-house, and emoluments amount-
ing in the whole to about £17, Sterling. Coals, lime-stone, and free-stone, are
in great plenty : and a remarkable magnetic rock has been discovered, by which
the compass is strongly attracted, at the distance of 150 yards. In 1739, a print
was taken by J. Cooper, of Margaret Patton, a native of this Parish, and then
resident in the Work-house of St. Margaret's Westminster, " aged 138 years."
Mr. Macdowall is proprietor of a considerable part of the Parish, and the re-
mainder holds of him as Superior, with a few exceptions : the other proprietors
are numerous, and seem to have arisen from the feus granted by the Noble fami-
lies of Dundonald and Semple, who were formerly proprietors of the greater
part of this Parish. The old Chapel or College of Castle Semple, which was
founded by John, first Lord Semple, for a Provost, and three Prebendaries, in
the year 1505, is still entire : it is beautifully covered with ivy, and is used as a
burying-place. On an Island in the Lake, is an old Castle, which appears to
have been formerly of considerable strength, and to which the Lairds of Semple
are said to have retreated in feudal times, when unable to hold out in the Castle
o{ Semple against their more powerful enemies.
LOCHWOOD, CASTLE, v. WAMPHRAY, and JOHNSTON.
LOCKERBY, or LOCKERBIE, i. e. Ue Station or Place of Strength, in
the Shire of Dumfries : and in the Parish of Dryfe's-Dale. It is G6 m. S. from
Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is established here. This Town, so called
from having been a place or Tower of safety on the Englisli Border, is situate
LOG
between and almost surrounded by two Lochs, or Lakes, now drained ; the one,
on the East side of the intervening ridge, is converted into a rich bog meadow,
in the bottom of which is a deep bed of shell marl ; the other, on the West side,
is partly meadow and partly moss, lying also on marl, very deep. The Town
consists of one long Street, from North to South, in extent about half a mile,
and another, at a right angle to the East of about a quarter of a mile : and, in
1793, it contained 700 Inhabitants, but since that time it has been greatly en-
larged. At the head or North end of the Town, stands the Parish Church upon
an eminence : it is a neat edifice, handsomely fitted up in the inside, and may
contain about 750 persons : It was built in the year 1757, being at that time re-
moved from Dryfe-side, about a mile and a half North from Lockerbie ; it is
said, that, in the year 1670, the river Dryfe swept away the original Church
and Burying-ground, which were in the middle of the Holm, now called The
Sand Bed ; after this, in 1671, the late Church and Burial ground were estab-
lished at a small distance, and upon the Skirts of the present glebe or Kirk-hill,
then thought to be perfectly secure from the swells of the river Dryfe ; but the
water in process of^time, approaching the new burying-ground, carried a good
deal of it away, and threatened the Church itself, verifying the Prophecy of
Rymeb,
" Let spades and shoels do what they may,
" Dryfe will haxe Dry's-dale Kirk away."
Partly from the above circumstances, but principally through the influence of the
Family of Lockerbie, the Church was removed to the Town, tor the ornament
and conTenience of the place and parish. The Fairs are at Lammas, and Michael-
mas, when moderate tolls are levied by the proprietor ; the Lammas Fair is
holden on the 2d of August, O. S., except it falls on Saturday, Sunday, or Mon-
day, and in that case,, on the Tuesday following ; — the Michaelmas Fair is
holden on the 2d of October, O. S., except it falls on Saturday, Sunday, or Mon-
day, and in that case, on the Tuesday following. There are Ten Markets, all
of which are free ; these are holden on the 2d Thursday, O. S., in January,
February, March, April, May, the third Thursday in June, called Tlie
Midsummer Market, then 14 days after the Michaelmas Fair, if on a Thursday,
or otherwise on the Thursday after, then three weeks after the last, called The
Martinmas Market, then 14 days thereafter, and finally, on the Thursday before
Yule or Christmas, O. S. The hiring Market for Servants, for the Summer half
LOG
year, is in April ; and, for the Winter half year, is the 14 days one after Michael-
mas. In the Markets, and at the proper seasons, there is a great variety of
young cattle, cows, horses, sheep, and especially lambs, exposed to sale; as
well as a vast quantity of linen and woollen cloth. There is an old squ'ire Tower
still standing, called The Mains, which was the Mansion of the Ancient and
Illustrious Family of the Johnstons, of Loc^eri/e, being a branch of the old
Lairds Johnston, of Lochwood, the ancestors of the late Marquis of An-
NANDALE.
LOGAN HOUSE HILL, v. COLLINGTON.
LOGAN MOSS, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of Kippen. It
is situate on the South side of the river Forth, where are the remains of a Ro-
man road.
LOGIE, V. EDEN-KEILLIE.
LOGIE, V. KIRRIE-MUIR.
LOGIE, V. RAYNE.
LOGIE, in the District of Cupar, and in the Shire of Fife : formerly a Vic-
arage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 10 chalders of victual : the manse is
in tolerable repair : the glebe consists of 6 acres : Patron, The Crown : The
Church was built in 1736, and is in bad condition. It is in the Presbytery cf
Cupar, and Synod of Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 339, and, in 1811, was 369. It is 4 m. N E. b. N. from Cupar of Fife.
This Parish is about 2\ miles in length, and one mile in breadth. The surface
is in general hilly, but very fertile. The climate is pretty dry, and healthy. Fuel
is expensive. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with
a good School-house, and dwelling, and a mortification of 50 merks, left in 1690,
by Sir James Ramsay, Bart., o^ Easter Logie.
LOGIE, in the District of Dunfermlin, and Shire of Fife : in the Parish of
Inver-Keithing. It is 1 m. S. W. from Dunfermlin. This is a detached Es-
tate ; adjoining to which, is a considerable Farm, called Vrqiihart ; and both
of them are the property of James Hunt, Esq., of Pittencrieff. See, Inver-
Keithing.
LOGIE, in the .Shire of Forfar ; formerly a Rectory, with the Parish of Pert
annexed about the year 1610 ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £56., and 112
bolls of grain: the glebe consists of 10 acres: Patrons, The Crown, and The
New College of St. Andrew's, by turns : A central Church was built for the
accomraodaliou of the Parishes of Logic and Pert, in 1776 : but the old Churches
LOG
of Loo'ie, and Pert, are still standing-, the former at the East end of Ihi' Parish,
the latter near the North Water Bridge. It is in tlu; Presbytery of Brechin, and
Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population of the United Parishes,
in 1801, was 908, and, in 1811, was 936. The Church is 5 miles North from
Montrose, and 5 miles N. E. from Brechin. The United Parishes contain 3860
acres ; of which 1850 are cultivated, and 770 are under wood • the soil, on the
banks of the river, is a deep clay : on the higher grounds, it is partly a light
loam, and partly of a black moorish cast, on a cold till bottom. The air is sharp
and salubrious. The North Esk, commonly called, The North Water, is the only
river ; it divides the Shires of Forfar, and Kincardine, and the Parishes of Logie,
Pert, and Mary-Kirk ; and gives the title of Eaul to the Noble Family of C.\r-
NEGiE, Earl of NoRTHESK, wlio formerly possessed a large tract of land in the
Parish of Pert, and its neighbourhood, on both sides of the river, and which now
belongs to The Earl of Kintore, and others : Rose Hill, in the Parish of Mary-
Kirk, whvch gives the title of Baron to the Eldest son of The Earl of Northesk,
is an eminence on the road side, near the gate of Inglismaldie, a Seat belong-
ing to The Earl of Kintore, and a little to the Northward of the North Water
Bridge. William, the present and Seventh Earl of Northesk, is a Vice-Ad-
miral of the Blue, and Kniaht of the Bath, which Honour, and certain honour-
able augmentations to his Armorial Ensigns, and the ancient Supporters of the
Earldom, were conferred upon him in consequence of his distinguished conduct,
as third in Command, at the glorious and decisive victory off Cajw. Tra/alyar.
The river South Esk, which runs past the Town of Brechin, gave the title of
Earl to the Family of Carnegie, attainted in 1715. On the Hill of Pert, are
extensive Quarries of lime-stone, of an excellent quality. Here are two Bleach-
fields, and two flax spinning mills. A new bridge is erecting on the North Esk,
nearly opposite to the Village of Mary-Kirk. Coals are the principal fuel.
The Salary of the Parochial School is £22..4..0., and perquisites, together
with a free house, and garden. Here are three remarkable tunmli, called Tlie
Latvs of Logie ; two of them have been opened, and found to contain human
bones and ashes ; they have lately, together with the adjacent ground, been in-
closed and planted by the Proprietor of Craigo.
LOGIE, in the Shire of Forfar : an ancient Parish, now comprehended in
the Parish of Liflf: The Church is demolished, but the burying-ground is still
in use. This Parish is said to have been formerly encroached upon by one of the
principal Streets of Dundee ; and comprising the lands of Logie, Blackness,
LOG
and Balgay, is therefore considered, quoad sacra, in the Parish of Dundee, and
the returns of the Population are included from thence. A House, in the Over-
gate Street in Dundee, is shown as the mutual boundary of the two Parishes :
here the Beadle, after ringing a Bell and calling the Inhabitants of Logie in this
quarter to a diet of examination by the Minister of Liff, stopped progress and re-
turned home. The House of Balgay is modern and elegant, and the situation
is beautiful and picturesque. The old House o{ Blackness stands within a small
iuclosure, edged with trees : and from thence to Dundee the whole space is co-
vered with Kitchen Gardens, and Nursery ground, let at £12. per acre. The
House oi Logie, situate upon an eminence, and nearly surrounded with old and
lofty trees, has been much improved and enlarged by the present Proprietor. See,
Lochee.
LOGIE, partly in the Shire of Perth, partly in the Shire of Stirling, and
partly in the Shire of Clackmannan : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which,
in 1811, was £150,, together with a manse, and glebe: Patron, The Earl of
Dunmore : The Church is in decent order. It is in the Presbytery of Dunblane,
and Synod of Perth and Stirling, The Resident Population of this Parish was,
In 1801. In 1811.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Perth - 421. - 393.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Stirling - 671. - 672.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Clackmannan - 1074. - 914.
For The Abbey District, which is also in the Shire of
Clackmannan - - - - . . 248.
2166. 2227.
It is 2 m. N. b. E. from Stirling. This Parish is about 4 miles in length, and
nearly as much in breadth, lying along the banks of the Forth : one half of the
Parish is a strong carse soil, producing most luxuriant crops, the other half being
dryjield, and hilly, which affords excellent pasture. Provisions of all kinds are
plentiful. Coals are within the distance of four miles ; as are also peats in great
abundance, in Moss Flanders. Poor's Rates are adopted in this Parish ; one
half of which are paid by the Heritors, and the other by the Tenants : the Poor
live in their own houses, and none are allowed to beg. On a Peninsula, formed
by the windings of the Forth, stands the ruinous Abbey of Cambus-Kenneth ;
it was founded by David the First, King of Scotland, for Canons Regular of the
Order of St. Augustine, in 1147; and here King James the Third, and his
LOG
Queen, were buried. This Abbey was once an extensive building', and the riclicst
in Scotland : several Parliaments were lioldeii in it, and here the Clergy, Earls,
and Barons, in 1326, with a great number of an Inferior Rank, swore fealty to
David Bruce : and, at the same time, here was solemnized the marriage be-
tween Andrew Murray, of Bothtoell, and Christian Bruce, Sister to King
Robert : Many of the Abbots of this House were men of eminence in PoliLics,
as well as in Literature. After the Accession of James the Sixth to the Crown
of England, the Temporality of Cambus-Kennetli , together with that of Dry-
burgh and the Priory of Inch Mahorae, were conferred on John Earl of Marr,
son to the Regent, that he might be in a better condition to provide for his
youngest sons, whom he had by Mary Stuart, daughter of The Duke of Len-
nox, and a relation to His Majesty. The Barony of Cambus-Kenneth, in which
the Abbey was situate, was settled by The Earl on Alexander Erskine, one of
his sons, who dying without issue, it came to Charles Erskine, of Alva, his
brother, whose posterity continued in the possession of it till about the year
1737, when it was purchased by the Town-Council of Stirling, for the benefit
«f Cowan's Hospital, to which it still belongs: Mr. Grose has preserved a view
of it. It is, however, remarkable that the small Village, called The Abbey,
which occupies the place where this celebrated Abbey once stood, has hitherto,
along with the Barony of Cambus-Kenneth, in which it is situate, been reckoned
part of the Parish otSlirling. What gave rise to this arrangement is not known,
unless it was, that the Servants belonging to the Abbey worshipped in Stirling,
or that the Canons, Monks, or Friars of that Monastery, performed Divine Ser-
vice in the Church of Stirling, and formed a kind of connection which continued
to subsist after the Reformation : that such a connection must have subsisted,
is certain ; for there is actually a Seat in the Church of Stirling, allotted for ihe
Inhabitants of that Village ; and it appears, that an Elder from it has sat in the
Session of Stirling, almost uniformly since the year 1559. The Barony of Cam-
bus- Kenneth pays a part of the Stipend of the First Minister of Stirling ; but it
is subject to Poor's Rates in the Parish of Logic, and to the Jurisdiction of the
Sheriff of Clackmannan. The Commissary of Stirling also exercises his Juris-
diction over it, as a part of the Parish of Stirling ; and the Commissary of Dun-
blane exercises his Jurisdiction, as lying within the Parish of Logic. Near to
the Abbey, is a rock of considerable height, called The Abbey Craig; on the
summit of which are the remains of a battery, said to have been erected in the
time of Oliver Cromwell, when he laid siege to the Castle of Stirling. There
VOL. II. Y y
LOG
are appearances of silver, and copper mines in the Parish ; some of which hare
been worked, but with little prolit to the adventurers. From the top of the hill
of Dunmyatf, which rises in a conical shape from the plain, part of twelve
Counties may be seen ; and this beautiful and varied scenery is thus described
by Mr. Macneil, in his Poem of the " Links o' Forth."
"O! grander far than Windsor's hro^v]
" And sweeter, too, the vale below !
" Whar FortKs unrivall'd windings flow
" Through varied grain,
" Bright'ning, I ween, wi' glittering glow
" Strevlina^s^\di\n.
" There, raptur'd trace (enthron'd on hie);
" The landscape stretching on the ee,
" Frae Grampians heights, down to the sea
" (A dazzling view),
" Corn, meadow, mansion, water, tree,
" In varying hue."-
At Manor, is a small creek on the Forth, which is within the Jurisdiction of the
Port of Alloa ; and it would seem, that this part of the river had been frequented
by the Romans, as a passage from the South to.the North ; for there are vestiges
of a Roman causeway, running into the river at Manor, and it is only within
these few years, that the remains of a small castellum, for protecting the passage,
have been destroyed.
LOGIE-ALMOND, commonly called THE NEW PARISH, in the Shire
ofPiiRTH; this District has lately been disjoined from the Parishes of Foulis
Wester, and Monzie, and annexed, quoad sacra, to the Parish of Monedie. It is
situate upon the Northern bank of the river Almond, and is about three miles
square, containing between seven and eight hundred Inhabitants. The soil ad-
jacent to the river, is partly a light loam, and partly gravelly : but, on the rising
ground, it becomes a deep till, mixed with moss. The hills are divided into
sheep walks ; and abound with all kinds of game. The climate is sharp, and
isubject to frequent rains : but it is not unhealthy. Here is an ancient Jliorn,
which is holden in superstitious veneration. All the ancient Servitudes are con-
verted into money. William Drummond, Esq., is the only Proprietor.
LOGIE-BllIDE, in the Shire of Perth: an ancient Parish, now annexed to
LOG
the Parish of Aucllterg■a^ en : the glebe consists of 4^ acres : The Inhabitants of
the district that belonged to this Parish, continue to bury in this Church-yard ;
and a part of the Church is yet standing, which is used as a burying-place by the
Robertsons, of Tidlybelton. It is 2 miles distant from Auchtergaven. Above
70 years ago, the Ministers of Auchtei-gavcn preached occasionally at Logie-
Bridc, but none of the Parishioners remember any Minister residing there,
Robert Robertson, Esq., of Tidlybelton, is a principal Heritor.
LOGIE-BUCHAN, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of Aberdeen : for-
merly a Rectory, and Vicarage, belonging to the Chapter of Aberdeen ; the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 5 chalders of victual, one half payable in meal,
and the other half in bear, and £24.. 8.. 0. Sterling: the manse was built in
1775 : the glebe consists of 5 acres : Patron, Mr. Buchan, of Aiichmacoy :
The Church was built in 1787. It is in the Presbytery of Ellon, and Synod of
Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 539, and, in
1811, was 580. It is 2| m. E. S. E. from Ellon. This Parish is about 3 miles
in length, and from 1| to 2 miles in breadth, being intersected by the river
Ythan, which is navigable for small vessels for about three miles. The surface
is pretty flat, with some rising grounds, all of which are capable of cultivation :
and the soil is in general fertile, except on the banks of the river, where it is
barren, rocky, and covered with heath. Thepearl fishery in the river Ythan, was
formerly considered an object of great value, as it appears that one of the pre-
decessors of Mr. Buchan, o^ Auchmacoy, had obtained a Patent for it ; and in
the List of unprinted Acts of the first Parliament of Charles the First, in 1633,
there is an Act " repealing the Patent for the Pea j-^ Fishery, granted to Robert
Buchan." The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair. The Salary of the
Parochial School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a
rood of land. Peat- moss is scarce, but coals are easily procured. Auchtnacoy
is the residence of Mr. Buchan, one of the principal Heritors.
LOGIE-COLDSTONE, r. COLDSTONE.
LOGIE-DURNO, v. GARIOCH.
LOGIE, EASTER, partly in the Shire of Ross, and partly in the Shire of
Cromarty: formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 5 chaldera
of barley, £'22. 15.. 6. Sterling, and a right to the small tythes in kind: th«
manse is in good repair : the glebe consists of 26 acres : Patron, The Hon.
Mrs. Mackenzie : The Church is particularly neat. It is in the Presbytery of
Tain, and Synod of Ross. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
Yy2
LOG
was 1031, and, in 1811, was 928. It is 4 m. S. b. W. from Tain. This Parish
is abont 7 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth. The soil varies from a deep
strong clay to alight loam; and agriculture is greatly improved here of late.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, and perquisites. The Gaelic
is (he prevailing language. Peats, turf, and brushwood, are the general fuel :
though coals are now introduced.
LOGIE-RAIT, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 181 1, was £150. ; the manse was built in 1756 : the glebe consists of
more than the legal extent : Patron, The Duke of Athol : The Church is in to-
lerable condition. It is in the Prcsbj-tery of Dunkeld, and Synod of Perth and
Stirling. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 2890, and, in
1811, was 3001. It is 8 m. N. N. W. from Dunkeld. This Parish is of an irre-
gular triangular shape, lying either between the rivers Tummelaxid Toy, or upon
the North side of the Tvmmel: the distance between those rivers is about 7 miles :
but a detached part of the Parish stretches about a mile South from the Tay, on
the road to Taymouth ; and another division of it is situate in Rannoch, at the
distance of 30 miles. Of the whole extent, about 3000 acres are arable, and
nearly 1000 acres are covered with wood : the hills are covered with heath, and
afford excellent sheep pasture. The air is dry, and healthful. The staple arti-
cle of manufacture, and export, is linen yarn. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, to which are
added 100 merks jwr annum, given by the Trustees for managing the rents of the
Bishoprick of Dunkeld. The language spoken here, is a corrupted dialect of
the Gaelic. The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair. About half a mile
from the village, upon a high bank, near the Ferry of Tummel, are the ruins of
an old fortified Castle, which is" said to have been the residence of Robert the
Second, after he gave up the administration of the government to liis Brother,The
Duke of Albany. The name ofthe Parish is compounded of the two Gaelic words,
Lof/an, a hollow place, and Reite, the ending of strife ; which it seems to have
received from its low situation, and from its having been the Seat ofthe Regal-
ity Court of Athol : His Grace the Duke of Athol being still the Superior, and
principal heritor. Various Services are exacted from the tenants. Dr. Adam
Ferguson, so respectable for his learning and eloquence, was a native of this
Parish. Many superstitious Customs are retained here : — Lucky and unlucky
days are by many persons anxiously observed : that day of the week upon which
the 14lh oi May happens to fall, is esteemed unlncky through all the remainder
LOG
of the year; none marry, or begin any serious business upon it: None chuse to
marry in January or May ; or to have their Banns proclaimed in the end of one
Quarter of the year, and to marry in the beginning of the next : Some things are
to be done before the full Moon ; others after : In fevers, the illness is expected to
be more severe on Sunday, than on the other days of the wet k ; if easier on Sim-
day, a relapse is feared : — Immediately before the celebration of the marriage
ceremony, every knot about the Bride and Bridegroom (garters, shoe-strings,
strings of pettycoats, &c.) is carefully loosened : After leaving the Church, the
whole company walk round it, keeping the Church always upon the right hand:
The Bridegroom, however, first retires one way with some young men, to tie the
knots that were loosed about him; while the young married woman, in the same
manner, retires somewhere else to adjust the disorder of her dress: — ^When a
child was baptised privately, it was not long since customary, to place the child
upon a clean basket, having a cloth previously spread over it, with bread and
cheese put into the cloth ; and thus to move the basket three times successively
round the iron crook, which hangs over the fire, from the roof of the house, for
the purpose of supporting the pots on culinary occasions : this was probably in-
tended to counteract the malignant arts, which witches and evil spirits were
imagined to practise against new born infants : — Recourse is often had to charms,
for the cure of diseases of horses and cows, no less than in the human species:
In the case of various diseases, a pilgrimage is performed to a place, called
Slrnth-Fillan, 40 miles distant from Logie-Rait ; where the patient bathes in a
certain pool, and performs some other rites in a Chapel which stands near it:
It is, however, chiefly in the case of madness, that the Pilgrimage to Strath-Fil-
Ian is believed to be salutary : The unfortunate person is first bathed in the pool,
then left for a night bound in the chapel, and if found loose in the morning, is
expected to recover : — There is a disease, called Glacach by the Highlanders,
which, as it affects the chest and lungs, is evidently of a consumptive nature : It
is also called, " The MacdonakC s Disease,'' because there are particular tribes of
Macdonalds, who are believed to cure it with the charms of their touch, and the
use of a certain set of words : no fee of any kind must be given . and their faith
in being so touched by a Macdonald, is implicit : — On the 1st of May, O. S., a
festival, called 5<'t7- Term, is annually holden here: It is chiefly celebrated by
the Cow-herds, who assemble by scores in the fields, to dress a dinner for them-
selves, of boiled milk and eggs : these dishes they eat with a sort of cakes baked
for the occasion, and having small conical lumps raisscd all over the surface; —
L O N
On the evening of the 31st of October, O. S., among many others, one remark-
able ceremony is observed : heath, broom, and dressings of flax, are tied upon a
pole : this faggot is then kindled ; a person takes it upon his shoulder, and run-
ning, carries it round the village ; a crowd attend ; when the first faggot is con-
sumed, a second is bound to the pole, and kindled in the same manner as before :
Numbers of these blazing faggots are often carried about together, and when the
night happens to be dark, they form a splendid illumination : this is Hallow-E'en,
and is a night of great festivity. — " These several particulars," says the very
worthy and intelligent Minister, The Reverend Thomas Bisset, D. D., " if con-
sidered separately, may appear trifling ; but, taken altogether, they form no in-
considerable part of what (with only some slight variations) the religion of the
vulgar will always be, in every age, and in every stage of society, and indeed,
whatever be the religion which they profess ; unless they are so grossly stupid,
or so flagitiously immoral, as to be incapable of feeling the restraints of any sys-
tem of Religion, whether rational or superstitious." — A Roman medal of Trajan
vv^as discovered here. See, Strath- Fillan.
LOGIE, WESTER, in the Shire of Ross : an ancient Parish, now united to
the Parish of Urquhart. See, Urqiihart.
LONAN, in The Isle of Man : The Church, which is a mile from the Village
of Laxey, is dedicated to St. Lomamis. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1792, was 1408. It is 7 m. N. E. from Douglas.
LONG ARTY, v. REDGORTON.
LONGANNAT, v. TULLIALLAN.
LONG-FORGAN, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was 11 bolls of wheat, 56 bolls of barley, 57 bolls of oats,
2 bolls of meal, and X'20. Sterling : the manse, and offices, are in excellent repair:
the glebe consists of more than the legal extent, together with a good garden :
Patron, The Crown : The Church was re-built in a handsome style, in 1795. It
is in the Presbytery of Dimdee, and Synod of Angus atid Mearns. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages of Kingoody, and
Lochtown) was 1569, and, in 1811, was 1809. It is 5| m. W. from Dundee.
The Village of Long-Forgan, which belongs entirely to the Estate of Castle-
Huntly, is beautifully situate on the rising ground that bounds the Carse of Goic-
rie on the East, and commands a fine prospect of the course of the river Tay for
above 20 miles. It appears to have been originally called Forgvnd, from a grant
of the lands and Barony of Long-Forgund to Sir Andrew Gray, ofBroxmouth,
L O N
by King Robert Bruce, in the year 1315. lu 1G72, it was erected into a free
Burgh of Barony by Charlks the Second, in favour of Patrick Earl of Strath-
more and KiNGiiORN ; with power to elect and constitute Baillies, Burgesses,
Clerks, Officers, and Serjeants, and to admit all kinds of trades to a variety of
privileges ; and to have a weekly Market witliiu the Burgh, and two annual Fairs ;
one of which is now holden on the third Wednesday in June, and the other on the
third Wednesday in October. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks,
together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a School-house, and dwelling:
this School is well conducted, and Mr. Paterson, with a liberality which redounds
to his honour and benevolence, pays for the education of twelve poor scholars,
and distributes premiums to the most deserving. Coals are the common fuel.
The climate is healthy. This Parish contains about 7,000 acres, and is bounded
on the South by the river Tay, which is here between two and three miles
broad, and when the tide ebbs, it leaves near a mile of dry sand. The surface
is irregular ; but the soil is in general a rich clay, and exceedingly fertile. Free-
stone, of an excellent quality, is abundant. Here are considerable plantations
in a flourishing condition. Game is in plenty. Services of all kinds are abolisl;ied.
The roads are in good repair. Castle- Hunthj, which is built on the top of a
rock, that rises in the middle of a plain, commands one of the most extensive and
varied prospects that can be imagined : it is said to have been erected about the
year 1452, by Andrew the second Lord Gray, of Foidis, and named in honour
of his Lady, who was of the family of Huntly. In 1615, it came by purchase
into the possession of the family of Lyon, Earls of Kinghorn, who changed its
name to Castle- Lyon ; and, in 1672, Earl Patrick having obtained a Charter
in favour of Long-Forgan, the Barony was erected into a Lordship, to be called
Hie Lordship of Lyon. In 1777, this Castle was purchased, together with the
Estate, by the present proprietor, George Paterson, Esq., who has repaired it
in the most elegant manner, and laid out the plantations and pleasure grounds
in the finest modern style : and has also restored the ancient name of Huntly, by
which it was so long known, while in possession of the Noble family of Gray.
Drimmie- House , belonging to Lord Kinnaird, has become tlie residence of that
Noble family, in consequence of their Castle o{ Moncur having been burned down
in the beginning of the Eighteenth Century. Mylnejield, the Seat of Mr. Mylne,
is beautifully situate on a rising ground, and is surrounded with fine plantations.
LONGFOR-MACUS, properly LOCHER-MACUS, in the Sliire of Ber-
wick : formerly a Rectory, with the ancient Parish of Ellam conjoined, some
L O N
time before the year 1750 ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., with a
manse, and glebe : Patron, Mr. Home : Tiie Church is in decent order. It is in
the Presbytery of Dunse, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 406, and, in 1811, was 444. It is 5|-m.
N W. b. W. from Dunse. This Parish is about 12 miles in lenffth, and 6 miles
in breadth : its surface is hilly, being in the midst of the great Lammer-Muir
ridge : it is mostly covered with heath, and supports about 10,000 sheep. The
air is dry, cold, and piercing. It is watered by the rivers Whittadder, and Dye.
The Roads are bad. There are some appearances of a rich copper ore, but it
has never been worked. The two beautiful conical hills, called The Dirrington
Laws, which are seen at a great distance, are in this Parish. At a place, called
Byrecleugh, is a heap of stones, of considerable extent, which, it is supposed,
was collected to perpetuate some remarkable event. The mosses, and moors, in
the Parish, supply the inhabitants with fuel ; but some coal is brought from a
distance.
LONG-HAVEN, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of Aberdeen: in the
Parish of Cruden. This is a small Fishing Village, upon the German Ocean.
LONGHOPE, V. WAAS.
LONG ISLAND, a name applied to that District of the Hebrides, whicli
extends from Lewis on the North to the Isle of Barray on the South ; compre-
hending Leicis, Harris, Benbecula, North and South Uist, Barray, and several
smaller Islands.
LONGLEY, V. FERGUS, ST.
LONG NIDDERIE, v. SEATON.
LONGSIDE, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a
part of the Parishes of Peterhead and Crimond, but erected into a separate Parish
in the year 1620; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 7 chalders of victual,
£120. Scotch, 400 merks of Vicarage Teinds, and £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion
elements, a'nd a glebe : no manse, but an allowance is made for one : Patron,
The Crown : The Church is old. It is in the Presbytery of Deer, and Synod of
Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1825, and, in
1811, was 2077. It is 7 m. V^. N. W. from Peterhead. This Parish is an
irregular square, of about 5 miles : and the surface is so very level, that when
the river Uyie, which intersects it, overflows its banks, it lays almost the whole
Parish under water. The soil is in general light, and easily improved. The
number of acres is about 12,000 ; of which, 7000 are in a state of culture, 1800
LOR
arc moss, 257 arc planted, and the remainder is muir. Nearly one-half of the
whole Parish belongs to Mr. Ferguson, of Pit/our, who has made considerable
improvements upon his estate. Beside** the spinning of flax to a great amount
for the thread-manufactures in PeterhesEtv. , a manufacture of woollen cloth has
lately been established at Nether Kinmnndy, the property of Francis Garden,
Esq., of Troup, which is attended with success. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, together with school-fees, and perquisites, a dwelling, and
a rood of land. Peats are abundant. Granite, some of the specimens of which
are very beautiful, is in great plenty. Here are several cairns. The Fair is
holden on the third Tuesday, O. S., in November.
LONMAY, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a Rec-
tory, belonging to the Chapter of Aberdeen ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
9 chalders of victual, and £33. .6.. 8. Sterling: the manse is in tolerable repair :
the glebe consists of the legal extent : Patron, Mr. Gordon, of BiUhlato : The
Church was re-built in 1787. It is in the Presbytery of Deer, and Synod of
Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1607, and, in
1811, was 1627. It is 6 m. S. E. from Fraser s-Burgh. The Fair is holden
on the first Tuesday, O. S., in June. This Parish has at different times been
called St. Colm, from the name of the Saint to whom the old Church was dedi-
cated ; and Longmay or Lonmay, from the name of the estate to which the
Church was removed in 1787. It is about 10 miles in length, and 4 miles in
breadth, stretching along the German Ocean. The soil is various ; but ia
general fertile, and well cultivated. The air is rather moist, but not unhealthy.
The sea-coast is flat and sandy, and Mr. Gordon has lately built two consider-
able fishing villages upon his estate. Peats are in abundance : and lime-stone
is also found in great quantities on the estate of Craigellie, which is much used
for manure. Cairness, the elegant Seat of Mr. Gordon, is surrounded with ex-
tensive pleasure grounds and plantations, laid out with great taste.
LORETTO, V. MUSSELBURGH.
LORN, a District, in the Shire of Argyle. It is about 30 miles in length,
and 9 miles in breadth, and is bounded on the West by the Atlantic Ocean,
and The Sound of Mull. It is watered by many Lakes and Rivers, on the
banks of which there is much arable land ; and it is the most pleasant and
fertile District in the County. It consists of three Divisions, which were, in the
time of Robert Bruce, possessed by the Macdougals, opponents of that Prince ;
they passed from them to the Stuarts ; but in the Fifteenth Century were traus-
VOL. II. Z z •
LOT
ferred into the family of the Campbells, by the marriages of three Co-heiresses,
daughters of the last Stuakt, Lord of Lorn. And it now gives the title of
Marquis to The Duke of Argyle.
LOSSIE-MOUTH, in the Shire of Elgin ; and in the Parish of Drainy. It
is 7ra. N. b. E. from Elgin. This is a flourishing Village (containing 273 In-
habitants, in 1811), situate at the confluence of the river Lossie with the Moray
Firth : and has a small Harbour, capable of admitting vessels of light burden.
It was formerly the property of the family of Brodie, from whom it wa^ purchased
by the Magistrates of Elgin, and who pay a small feu-duty. Two fishing Boats
arc employed here, which principally supply the Town of Elgin, and the adja-
cent Country, with fish of various kinds. The river Lossie has its source in the
hills of Dallas, and, after a course of nearly 26 measured miles, discharges itself
here into the sea, and gives name to the Village. It is subordinate to the Cus-
tom-House at Inverness. Here are strata of red-coloured aro-illaceous sand-
stone.
LOTH, in the Shire of Sutherland : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 5 chalders of bear, and £26.. 7., 9y. Sterling, including £50.
Scotch for Communion elements : Patron, The Countess of Sutherland : The
Church is in tolerable order. It is in the Presbytery of Dornoch, and Synod of
Sutherland and Caithness. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
(including the Village of Tfte Glen) was 1374, and, in 1811, was 1330. It is
12 m. N. E. from Golspie. This Parish extends about 14 miles along the
German Ocean, and is from a quarter to three quarters of a mile in breadth.
The soil along the coast is in general fertile ; but in the interior, the surface
becomes elevated, and the hills are covered with a short black heath. The
coast is in some places rocky, in others, a sandy beach : there are several boat
harbours, but that of Culgour is accounted the best, and might be rendered a safe
harbour for Ships at a moderate sum. Fuel is expensive, on account of the dis-
lance of the peat mosses, and the badness of the roads. The climate is healthy.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, and a decent School-
house. The hills in this Parish were of old famous for hunting ; and the deer of
the Forest of Steitil are often very troublesome to the inhabitants of Hie Glen in
summer and harvest, by their depredations among the corn. The last unhappy
woman who suffered for icitchcraft in Scotland, went from this Parish : she was
burnt at Dornoch : and the common people entertain strong prejudices against
her relations to this dag. It is watered by the rivers Helmsdale, and Loth, both
LOU
of which abound with fish ; and in Ihe latter is a fine cataract. Here is an en-
tire Picts' house. At Craiag, there was formerly a square tower, which was
erected by Lady Jane Gordon, Countess of Sutherland ; but not a vestige of
it now remains.
LOTHERS, or LAUDERS, a lofty range of Mountains, which, beginning at
Cheviot, on the East, runs quite across the Island, to Loch Ryan, on the West.
The steep face of this range fronts the North, particularly towards the East side of
the Island, where, for along way together, it makes the boundary between South
and North Britain. The middle and western parts of it are all comprehended
in Scotland. It is highest in the centre of the Island, near the sources of the
Ttceed, the Annan, the Clyde, and the Nith, where it is known by the general
name of The Lothers.
LOTHIAN, an extensive and fertile District, which comprehends the Three
Shires of East Lothian, or Hadington, — Mid Lothian, or Edinburgh, — and
West Lothian, or Linlithgow. It is of high antiquity, and Polydore Virgil
informs us, that Landonia, in his time, was an extensive District, beginning at
the Tweed, and stretching considerably beyong the City of Edinburgh. Lothian
gives the title of Marquis and Earl to the Ancient and Noble family of Kerr.
These three Shires are not included in any Circuit, but have their Criminal
trials at Edinburgh.
LOUDON, in the District of Cuninghame, and Shire of Ayr : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 76 bolls of meal, 12 bolls of bear,
£21. in money, and £'8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements : the manse was built in
1768 : the glebe consists of 12 acres : Patron, The Countess of Loudon : The
Church was lately rebuilt. It is in the Presbytery of Irvine, and Synod of Glas^
gow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (consisting of
the Villages of Auld-Town, Derval, Loudon, and New Mills) was 2503, and,
in 1811, was 3170. It is 8 m. E. from Killmarnock. This Parish contains
about 10,000 acres ; of which, about 7500 are arable. The soil is, in general, a
rich deep loam ; and agriculture is ivell attended to. Four-fifths of the Parish are
the properly of The Countess of Loudon : the other Heritors, and feuers, are nu-
merous, but they all pay feu to the family of Loudon, except Captain Nisbet,
of Carjin, near Hamilton. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks
Scolch, together with School fees, and perquisites, and an excellent School-
house and dwelling. The climate is rainy. The roads, and bridges, are in good
repair. Coals, and lime-stone, are in the greatest abundance. Provisions of all
Zz2
LOW
kinds are in plenty, and cheap. The House o? Loudon, an Earldom in the Ancient
and Illustrious family of Campbell, is an extensive building', surrounded with
extensive woods, and contains a Library of about 10,000 volumes. The ancient
custom of kindling Jires on the high grounds, in honour of Bealtain, still prevails
here : but it is now observed on St. Peter's day. It formerly belonged to the
Monastery of Killwinning.
LOUISBURGH, in the Shire of Caithness; and in the Parish of Wick.
This is a Fishing village, near the town of Wick, lately erected on the estate
of Sir Benjamin Dunbar, Bart., of Hempriggs : and is so named, in compliment
to Lady Dunbar, whose Christian name is Louisa.
LOVAT, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Kirk-Hill. It is
§ m. S. E. from Beauly. Here stood the Tower and Fort of Lovat, anciently the
seat of the Bissets, and now of The Honourable Colonel Archibald Fraser.
It is pleasantly situate near the Eastern bank of the river Beauly, in a rich and
fertile country ; and formerly gave the title of Baron, attainted in 1745. The
Barony from which Lord Lovat took his title came into the family by the mar-
riage of Sir Simon Fraser, a little before the year 1300, with the heiress of Lord
BissET, a Nobleman of great possessions in these parts. Legislature gave the
most honourable testimony to the merit of the son, by restoring, in 1774, the for-
feited fortunes of the father: and no patent for Nobility conveyed greater glory
to any one, than the Preamble to the Act has done to this worthy Gentleman.
See, Beauly.
LOWLAND-MAN'S BAY, v. JURA.
LOWLANDS, one of the greater Divisions of Scotland. The principal part
of the Lowlands of Scotland are situate on the North of the Lammer-Muir Hills,
extending quite across the Island from sea to sea, and reaching as far as the
Grampian Mountains ; that stupendous and seemingly impenetrable barrier,
which, like a mighty wall, stretches along the Southern front of the Highlands.
Into this extensive Plain the Firths of Forth and Clyde indent themselves from
opposite seas, thereby forming that remarkable Isthmus which is by far the nar-
rowest part of Britain ; and along this neck of land the Romans conducted their
second Wall. But besides many detached hills, situate in this level tract, there
arc two ranges, which, though by no means so formidable as the Highland
Mountains, yet seem conspicuous enough in a low country, and therefore deserve
to be mentioned. The first is composed of The Pentland Hills, which, begin-
ning near the Firth of Forth on the East, run Westward, and end at the borders
LUC
of Clydesdale. The second is of equal extent with the Grampian Mountains,
to which it is nearly parallel, beginning' at Stonehaven, on the German Ocean,
and reaching South-West across the Island, for the space of 112 miles, to Dum-
barton, on the Firth of Clyde. This long range is sub-divided into tliree princi-
pal sections : that towards the East extends as far as the Tay, under the general
name of the Sidlaw or Sadley Hills : The Ochil Mountains form the central
part thereof, between the Tay and the Forth: and, from the Forth to the Clyde,
its Western Division is continued under the names of The Killsyth and Cami>-
SEY Hills. Though the long valley, comprehended between the Grampian
Mountains and this smaller range, may bo denominated, in general, Strathmore,
signifying Tlie Great Strath, or Valley: yet Strathmore, properly so called, is
situate in the Eastern division of it, between Stonehaven and the Tay,
LOWTHERS, or LOTHIERS, MOUNTAINS, v. SANQUHAR.
LUCE, NEW, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown: for-
merly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £69..17..6|., including
£'8. .6.. 8. for Communion elements, and £'88..9..l5:. by Parliamentary augment-
ation, together with a glebe of from 16 to 20 acres of land : the manse is in decent
repair : Patron, The Crown : The Church is in tolerable condition. It is in the
Presbytery of Stranraer, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 368, and, in 1811, was 457. It is 9 m. E. N. E. from
Stranraer. This Parish, previous to the year 1646, constituted part of the Parish
of Glen Luce ; when, for the better accommodation of the Inhabitants, that ex-
tensive tract was divided into two Parishes, one of them being named Neic, and
the other Old Luce. It is about 10 miles in length, and from 5 to 6 miles in
breadth : the surface is irregular, rising from the banks of the river Luce, to the
high lands which occupy by far the greater part of the Parish ; these exhibit
either the bare rocks, or are sparingly covered with heath, moss, or a species of
coarse grass, called sprett, which is cut for hay : the arable land is small in pro-
portion, and principally lies along the banks of the rivers. The roads are in bad
repair. The Earl of Stair is the chief Proprietor.
LUCE, OLD, or GLEN LUCE, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of
Wigtown; formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, being the full
valuedTeiud, was £'9l..9..10.,£8..6..8. forCommunion elements, and£58.. 18.. 2.
by Parliamentary augmentation : the manse is a large and good house : the glebe
has evidently been the garden of The Abbey, and contains exactly 12 acres, in-
cluding the ruins of the Abbey, the manse, and present garden : Patron, The
L U
«~i
Crown : The Church is too small for the Inhabitants, but is tolerably well finished,
and in good repair. It is in the Presbytery of Stranraer, and Synod of Galloway,
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1221, and, in 1811, was
1536. It is 114 m. SW. b. S. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is
established here. This Parish is about 10 miles in length, and from 2 to 7
miles in breadth. It is situate at the confluence of the river Lnice with the Bay
of the same name, and possesses the small Harbours of Auchenraalg, Kirk-Christ,
and Pooltanton. The surface though hilly, is not very elevated, and about one
half of it is arable : the remainder being appropriated to the pasturage of sheep,
and black cattle ; but great improvements in agriculture are making here. A
considerable Salmon fishery is carried on in the rivers Luce, and Pooltanton. The
Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and per-
quisites, and £1. Sterling annually from a mortification by the late Rev. James
TwEDDALE, Minister of Old Luce, for the education of four poor children. There
are also two Private Schools usually kept during the winter months, in different
parts of the Parish. Here is a Chalybeate Spring, which has been used with
efficacy in scorbutic complaints. The Abbey of Glen Luce was founded in the
year 1190, for Monks of the Cistertian Order, by Roland Macdoual, Lord of
Galloway, and Constable of Scotland. The Monks of this Abbey were brought
from Melross. In 1602, King James the Sixth erected Glenluce into a Tempor-
ality in favour of Laurence Gordon ; which, in 1606, was confirmed by an Act
of Parliament. It was afterwards united to the Bishoprick of Galloway ; and at
length, Sir James Dalrymple, President of the Session, a gentleman of an
ancient Family in Carrick, was created Lord Glenluce ; his Son, Sir John
Dalrymple, King's Advocate, Justice Clerk, and Secretary of State, was like-
wise Lord Glenluce and Earl of Stair. A Thomas Hay was appointed Com-
mendator so late as the year 1560 ; and the Pope's Bull, dated at Rome, on the
2d of May 1560, appointing him Commendator Vallis Liicis atque de Glenluce,
is still in the possession of the Commendator's Family, Sir Thomas Hay, Bart,,
of Park, in this Parish; and whose property the ruins of Tiie Abbey now are.
Mr. Grose has preserved two Views of it. Balcail, is the beautiful Seat of Major
Ross.
LUDE, in the Shire of Perth : an ancient Parish, now comprehended in thq
Parirh of Blair-Athol.
LUFFNESS, V. ABER-LADY.
LUGTON, V. DALKEITH.
L U N
LUING, ISLAND, v. KTLT.BRANDON.
LUMPIiANAN, in the District of Kincardine O'Neil, and Shire of Aber-
deen : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 23| bolls of meal,
at 9 stone per boll, 5 bo! l.s of bear, and £"36.. 5.. 0. in money: the manse was
built in 1782, and the situation is so pleasant and healthy, that it is proverbial,
that no Minister dies here : the glebe consists of 6 acres, very much detached, and
a good garden: Pati-on, Sir William Forbes, Bart., o^ Craigievnr : TheChurchwas
built in 1762. It is in the Presbytery of Kincardine O'Neil, and Synod of Aber-
deen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 614, and, in 1811,
was 680. It is 3| m. N. from Kincardine O'Neil. This Parish is about 6 miles
in length, and 4 miles in breadth. In the low grounds, the soil is deep and fer-
tile ; but, on the sides of the surrounding hills, it is thin and sandy. The air is
dry, and healthy. Game is in plenty, especially on the Hills oi Meal-mead, and
Craiglich. The Loch ofAncfdossen, which is a mile in length, and upwards of
half a mile in breadth, abounds with eels, and pike of a very large size, and a
variety of aquatic birds. Fuel is expensive. The public roads are intolerable
repair. There are several ancient fortifications, and cairns ; one of wliicli, about
a mile North from the Church, is called Macbeth's Cairn, and is said to contain
the ashes of that Usurper.
LUMSDEN SHORE, v. COLDINGHAM.
LUNAN, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which,
in 1811, was £25..14..0. Sterling, including the allowance for Communion ele-
ments, 47 bolls 3 firlots 1 peck of meal, the same quantity of bear, and 5 bolls
3 lirlots and 2 pecks of wheat, but the Incumbent will have the benefit of the
Statute for Augmentation : the manse and offices, were built in 1783, and stand
nearly a mile North from the Church : the glebe consists of 5^: acres of arable
land, and one acre for the manse, garden, and Avaste : Patron, The Crown, by
the forfeiture of The Earl of Panmure in 17 15 ; but the Representative of that
family is still Titular of the Teinds : The Church is ancient. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Abcr-Brothock, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 318, and, in 1811, was 300. It is 7~ m.
N. b. E. from Aber-Brothock. This Parish is about 2 miles in length, and one
mile in breadth, and contains 1411 acres, of which 973 are arable. It is situate
on the Northern bank of the river Liman, near its confluence with a Bay to which
it gives name, on the German Ocean ; and which is a secure harbour for ships
in all hard gales, except those from the East. The surface towards the Bay is
flat, rising rapidly from the river towards the North : the soil in the higher
L U N
grounds is shallow and wet, upon a rock of moor-stone, commonly called
scurdy ; the lower grounds are deep and fertile, except close to the sea, where
it is sandy. There are seven Farms ; five of which, called Tlie Barony of
Litnan, belono- to Tiie Earl of Northesk, and measure 790 acres, includins:
196 acres of Moor. The Roads are in good repair. The Salary of the Paro-
chial School is 300 merks Scotch, together with School-fees, and perquisites ;
and half of the annual Interest of 2000 merks Scotch, bequeathed by the late
David Jameson, a Farmer in this Parish, for teaching six poor Scholars ; the
other half of the Interest being payable to the Poor. The Salmon fishery at the
mouth of the river, has, for several years past, been very unproductive. Coals
are the principal fuel in winter, which are brought from Aber-Brot hock or
Montrose. The bridge over the river Liman is in good repair.
LUNASTING, in the Mainland, and in the Shire of Orkney anrZ Shetland :
formerly a Vicarage, united to the Parish of Nesting. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 520, and, in 1811, was 542. See, Nesting.
LUNDIE, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Vicarage, with the Parish of
Foulis Easter vmited : the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'150., and £8.. 6.. 8.
for Communion elements : the manse is in decent repair : the glebe consists
of 6 acres: Patron, Viscount Duncan: The Church is in good condition. It
is in the Presbytery of Dundee, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. Tlie Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 345, and, in 1811, was 380. It is 9 m.
N. W. from Dundee. This Parish contains 3258 acres ; of which, 2000 are
arable ; and it is sufficiently productive, except in rainy or late seasons. There
are four Lakes, all of which abound with pike, perch, and eels ; and they are
also supposed to contain fine marl. Loch Lundie is a short distance from the
Church, and covers 72| acres. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks,
and perquisites. The roads are good. Coals ai'e the general fuel.
LUNDIE HOUSE, v. LIFF.
LUNDIN, CASTLE, v. LARGO.
LUNDIN-MILL, in the District of St. Andrew's, and Shire of Fife : in the
Parish of Largo. It is a small Village, one mile West from Largo on the road
from Leven.
LUNGA, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Islay, and
Shire of Argyle : It constitutes part of the Parish of Jura. This Island is about
two miles long, and half a mile broad ; and contains about 30 inhabitants. It
abounds with slate.
LUNGA, ISLE, v. TREISIIMSH, ISLES.
L U S
LUN, TOWER, V. CORRIE.
LURG, V. TULLIALLAN.
LURGIE CRAIGS, v. HOME.
LUSCAR, EAST, and WEST, v. CARNOCK.
LUSS, in the Shire of Dumbarton: formerly a Rectory, and Prebend, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 72 bolls of oat-meal, at the rate of 8j stones
per boll, 6 bolls of bear, £ 19.. 12. .Of. Sterling \n money, and a good glebe ; the
manse was built in 1740, and is in bad repair: Patron, Sir James Colquhoun,
Bart. : The Church which is uncommonly good, was built in 1771, at the sole
expense of the late truly pious and highly respected Sir James Colquhoun, of
Luss: Divine Service is performed here, both in the English and Gaelic lan-
guages. It is in the Presbytery of Dumbarton, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 953, and, in 1811, was
965. It is 70 m. W. N. W. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is estab-
lished here. The Fairs are holden on the 24th of May, O. S., the 11th of Au-
gust, O. S., the 14th of October, O. S., and the 7th of November, O. S. This
Parish is 8| miles in length, and from 2^ to 5 miles in breadth, stretching along
the Western side of Loch Lomond, and containing by actual survey 17,402
Scotch acres : of which, 1538 acres are arable, 110 are in meadow, 14,874 are
in pasture, and 880 are natural wood. The soil is, in general, light and gravelly,
but in some parts there is good loam : the greatest part is hilly and mountainous.
The climate is mild and temperate ; and the air, though often moist, is remark-
ably healthful. Fuel is expensive. At Camstradden, the property of one of
the ancient Family of Colquhoun, there is a very valuable Quarry of excellent
blue slate ; and another also upon the estate of Luss. In the South end of the
Parish, there is likewise a very good free-stone Quarry, but it is only worked
occasionally. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, and a good
House, together with School-fees. The Society for propagating Christian
Knowledge have also a School here, with a Salary of £13. Sterling, a dwelling-
house, garden, cow's grass, and some School-fees : the children of the Poor are
taught gratis. The Roads are in good repair. Rosdoe or Rossdii, the Family
seat of Sir James Colquhoun, Bart., is an excellent modern House, finely
wooded and beautifully situate on a Peninsula projecting into the Lake. Near
this, are the remains of a large cairn, called The Cairn of St. Kessog, who is said
to have suffered death there, and to have been buried in the Church of Luss: in
the Church-yard, are some stone coffins of considerable antiquity. This Island
VOL. II. * 3 A
L Y N
was formerly of much greater extent than it is at present ; stretching on the
West side of Loch Lomond, from one end of that L!».ke to the other, and com-
prehending some of the lands on its East side, together with most of its Islands :
in 1621, 1650, ami 1658, several districts were disjoined from it, and annexed
to other Parishes, by Acts of the Privy Council : but the lands of Caldanach,
Press-Telloch, and Conglens, once belonging to the Parish of Inch Calloch,
lire now annexed, quoad omnia, and the lands of Bannachrae, properly belong-
mg to the Parish of Row, are considered as annexed, quoad sacra, to that of
Luss. Those Islands in Loch Lomond, which belong to this Parish, are, Inch
Ty Vanach, Inch Conagan, Inch Moan, and Inch Lonaig.
LUTHER-MOOR, in the Shire of Kincardine ; and in the Parish of Mary
Kirk. It is 6|- m. N. N. E. from Brechin. This is a pleasant Village, situate
near the confluence of the river Luther with the Noi'th Esk, over which there is
a Bridge here.
LYBSTER, in the Shire of Caithness ; and in the Parish of Latheron. It is
7|- m. N E. b. E. from Dunbeath. This is an excellent Fishing station, on
the German Ocean. The old Chapel, dedicated to St. Blary, is now in ruins.
LYDE'S ISLE, v. HELEN'S, ST.
LYNDALE, a District, v. SNIZORT.
LYNE, in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a Rectory, with the Parish of
Megget united ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., together with a
glebe: the manse is indecent repair: Patron, The Marquis of Queensberry:
The Church is ancient, but having lately undergone a thorough repair, is now
a commodious place of Worship ; the Pulpit is said to be a remarkable piece of
mechanism, which was imported from Holland, in 1644, by Lady Yester,
whose Pew bears the same date; the Pew of the Family of Vetch is dated in
1606. It is in the Presbytery of Peebles, and Sjmod of Lothian and Tweed-
dale. The Resident Population of the United Parishes of Lyne and Megget,
in 1801, was 167, and, in 1811, was 194. It is 4^ m. W. from Peebles. The
Parish of Lyne is between three and four miles long, and nearly three miles
broad. The river Lyne, which runs from one extremity of the Parish to the
other, is one of the largest that falls into the Tweed in this County. The lower
part of the Parish is, in general, of a sharp gravelly soil : the upper part is hilly,
and affords good pasturage for sheep. The distance from Coals, and Lime, is
not great ; the Roads are good ; and there are two convenient Bridges over the
river. It appears from the Scots Acts of Parliament, vol. i. p. 960, that the Parish
MAC
o{ Rodonno or Megget, was annexed to that of Lyne, about the year 1621 : and
that this Union took place, in consequence of a joint petition from the Proprietor
and Inhabitants of the former Parish, to the Lords Commissioners for Plantation
of Kirks, desiring that they might henceforth be considered as a part of the latter.
It is singular, that Megget should not have been united to one of the neighbour-
ing Parishes, rather than to Lyne, which is so distant from it. Perhaps the
smallness both of the Stipends and Cures might be the chief reason : besides,
both Parishes at that period belonged wholly to one Proprietor, Lord Hay, of
Yester, and, it is more than probable, that he had considerable influence in pro-
curing the annexation. About half a mile West from the Church of Lyne, is a
Roman camp of about 6 acres in extent, now called RandalVs Walls : The
situation of it appears to have been chosen with great judgement; the road
leading to it is still visible, and runs through the present glebe : the ground
within the encampment has frequently been ploughed, and it is said, that
Roman Coins, and other antiquities, have been discovered there. See, Megget.
M.
MaCBETH'S castle, v. BROUGHTON, and COLLACE.
MACDUFF, in the Shire of Banff ; and in the Parish of Gararie : a Chapel
of Ease has been erected here by The Earl of Fife, for the accommodation of
the Inhabitants, who are nearly six miles from their Parish Church ; and His
Lordship gives a Salary to a qualified Clergyman to preach and dispense the
ordinances of Religion among them. This is a considerable and improving
Fishing Town on the Moray Firth, and contains 1000 Inhabitants. The Har-
bour, which has been formed at the expense of The Earl of Fife, and to whom
the Town belongs, is one of the best in the Moray Firth. Several manufacturers,
and other persons, have been induced to build substantial and commodious
houses here, and from every appearance there is reason to believe, that this
Town will rapidly increase in population and prosperity. It gives the title of
Viscount to The Earl of Fife.
MACHAR, NEW, in the District of Aberdeen, and Shire of Aberdeen:
formerly part of the Deanry and Parish of Old Machar, but erected into a
3 A2
MAC
separate Parish about the time of the Reformation ; the Stipend of which, in
1811, was 24 bolls of oat-meal, at 8 stones per boll, 24 bolls of bear, and
£'39..8..10| Sterling: the manse was built in 1781: the glebe, and garden,
consist of 13 acres : Patron, The Earl of Fife : The Church was neatly re-built
in 1791. It is in the Presbytery, and Synod, of Aberdeen. The Resident Po-
pulation of this Parish, in 1801, was 925, and, in 1811, was 945. It is 10 m.
N W. b. N. from Aberdeen. This Parish is about 9 miles in leno-th, and 2t
miles in breadth : the most considerable part of it, is in the Shire of Aberdeen ;
but, about one fifth of it, called Tlie Lands o/'Straloch, lying North from the
Church, is in the Shire of Banff, although surrounded by the Shire of Aberdeen ;
and about a mile from the Church, these lands are separated from the rest of
the Parish of New Machar, by the Parishes of Udny and Fintray, which there
unite : Although the Lands of Straloch are quite detached, and many miles
distant from Banff, they are nevertheless rated to the Land-tax and Window-tax
in that County, and afford a qualification to tlie proprietors, as Freeholders in
Banff: but, in all other respects, they are considered as in the Shire of Aberdeen,
and subject to the Jurisdiction of its Magistrates : these lands formerly belonged
to the CheyneSj of Inver-Ugie ; and, in 1811, contained 162 persons The
general appearance is pretty level ; and the soil is partly dry and tolerably fer-
tile, and partly wet and mossy, Tlie climate is moist, but not unhealthy. Loch
Goull, or 77*6 Bishops Loch, is a beautiful small Lake, well stocked with pike ;
and in it is an Island with the ruins of a Castle, which was formerly inhabited
by the Bishops of Aberdeen. The public road is in good repair. Peats, and turf,
are the common fuel : but the mosses are greatly exhausted. The Salary of the
Parochial School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a
rood of land. Some personal services are still exacted. Muir, and free-stone,
are in plenty ; but lime-stone is very scarce. New and elegant Houses have
lately been built at Elrick, and Straloch. In 1247, Ramsay Bishop of Aber-
deen appointed a Chaplain and a Clerk at the Chapel of Momjcabbuck in this
Parish, about a mile South-West from the present Church, to preach to the
Parishioners there : in the year 1639, a Church was built where the present one
now stands ; and, in 1641, the Minister at the Chapel of Monycabbuck, was re-
moved to it ; there are some remains of the Chapel, and the ground around it
is still used as a Burial-place.
MACHAR, OLD, v. ABERDEEN, OLD.
MACIIIR-HANISH, BAY, v. CAMPBELL-TOWN.
MAD
MACHLIN, V. MAUCHLINE.
MACKILSTON, v. DALRY.
MACKINTOSH, V. MOY.
MACLACIILAN, v. STRATH-LACIILAN.
MADDERTY, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 9 bolls of victual, and £29. /Sfer^mr/, including the allow-
ance for Communion elements : the manse, and offices, are in good repair : the
glebe consists of 9 acres : Patron, The Earl of Kinnoul : The Church was built
in 1689, and is in bad condition. It is in the Presbytery of Auchtcrarder, and
Synod of Perth and Stirling. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 650, and, in 1811, was 702. It is 6 ra. E. from Crieff. This Parish is
situate near the head of the vale of Strathearn. The surface is level, and the
land is in general good, but subject to frequent inundations of the small river Pow.
The climate is wet, and cold. The Parochial School is under excellent manage-
ment, and is deservedly in high repute, from the unwearied attention and great
literary acquirements of The Rev. David Malcolm. Coals are the common fuel.
The roads are bad, A part of the great Roman road, from the camp at Ardoch
to the place where it crosses the Tay, runs for about a quarter of a mile through
the Southern extremity cf the Parish, and is still entire. The Abbey of Inch-
Effray, which is situate on an eminence, nearly surrounded by the Poiv, was
founded in the year 1200 by Gilbert, Earl of Strathearn, and his Countess
Matilda, and dedicated to the Honour of God, the Virgin Mary, and St. John
the Apostle and Evangelist. It was endowed with many privileges by King
David the First, and Alexander the Third, and was esteemed one of the richest
Abbies in the Kingdom. The several edifices are now in ruins, and the stones
have, in the most reprehensible manner, been applied to building houses, and
making roads in the neighbourhood. The few remains of this ancient Abbey,
together with six or seven acres of land around it, now belong to The Earl of Kin-
noul ; who, in consequence of this comparatively small possession, is Patron of
twelve Parishes which were formerly attached to it. James Drummond, son to
David Lord Drummond, having acquired a right to this Monastery from Alex-
ander Gordon Bishop of Galloway, then Commendator thereof, it was by the
favour of King James the Sixth, in 1607, erected to him in a Temporal Lordship,
by the style of Lord Madderty : which title was forfeited in 1715.
MADOES, ST., in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of
M A I
which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse was built in 1729 : the glebe consists of
20 acres : Patron, Mr. Richardson, of PiV/oMr ; The Church was built in 1610.
It is in the Presbytery of Perth, and Synod of Perth and Stirling. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 295, and, in 1811, was 312. It is 5j ra.
S. E. from Perth. This Parish is situate at the Western extremity of the Carse
of Gotvrie, stretching along the Northern bank of the river Tay, and compre-
hending a surface of about a mile square. The soil is either a deep strong clay,
or a rich loam ; and the whole is abundantly fertile, and under cultivation, ex-
cept a few acres of plantation. The climate is healthy. Coals are in plenty,
and at a moderate price. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, to-
gether with School-fees, and perquisites. The great road, between Perth and
Dundee, is in excellent repair : the cross roads are indifferent. In the Village
of Hawkstone, is a large stone, which, tradition says, is the stone whereon the
Hawk of the peasant Hay alighted, after it had performed its flight round the
land that was given to the gallant rustic, in reward for his services performed at
the battle of Loncarty. The House of Pitfour, the Seat of Mr. Richardson, is
an elegant and extensive building, in the castellated style, and is pleasantly
situate on the banks of the Tay.
MAGBIE-HILL, v. NEWLANDS.
MAGDALEN-PANS, within the Jurisdiction of the Town of Musselburgh,
though locally situate in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and constituting part of the
Parish of Inver-Esk. Here are four Salt Pans on the Firth of Forth, at the
West end of the Parish; and which are subordinate to the Custom-house of
Preston Pans.
MAGNUS, ST., BAY, v. NORTH-MAVEN.
MAGUS MOOR, v. CERES.
MAHANY, V. BLACKFORD.
MAIDEN, CASTLE, v. CAMPSIE.
MAIDEN CAUSEWAY, in the Shire of Aberdeen. This Road, accord-
ing to Mr. Chalmers, proceeds from Bennockie, upon which there was a Hill
Fort, more than the distance of a mile, into the woods of Pitodrie, where it dis-
appears. It is paved with stones, is about 14 feet wide, and has every appear-
ance of a Vicinal AVay of the Romans.
MAIDEN-PAP, MOUNTAIN, v. LATHERON.
MAIDEN SKERRY, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of
M A I
the Parish of North-Maven. The summit of this Rock has never been trodden
by man ; and, in the summer season, it is occupied by the largest or black-backed
Gulls, which nestle upon it undisturbed, in great numbers.
MAILLER, V. FORTEVIOT.
MAINLAND, one of the Shetland Isles. This is the largest Island of that
District, being 60 miles in length, and, in some places, 16 miles in breadth: It
projects into the sea with many irregular Promontories, and is indented by nu-
merous Bays and Harbours : the interior is hilly and mountainous, and full of
bogs and mosses : but the greater part of the coast is arable, and the soil light,
and tolerably productive, considering the very imperfect mode of agriculture. It
contains the Parishes of Aithsting, Cunningsburgh, Delting, Dunross-Ness,
Lerwick, Lunasting, Nesting, North-Maven, Quarff, Sand-Ness, Sandsting,
Sandwick, Tingwall, Walls, Weisdalc, and Whiteness ; all of which are sepa-
rately described.
MAINLAND of ORKNEY, v. POMONA.
MAINS, otherwise STRATH DIGHTY, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly
a Chapelry, with Strath Martin united, in 1795 : the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was 8 chalders and 14 bolls of victual, £40. Sterling, with £100. Scotch for
Communion elements: the glebe consists of 17 acres: Patron, The Crown : A
central Church, and manse, were built soon after the annexation of the Parishes.
It is in the Presbytery of Dundee, and Synod of Angus and Meavns. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 939, and, in 1811, (including the
Children at the Spinning Mills) was 1735. It is l^ m. N. from Dundee. This
Parish was anciently called Strath Dighty, being part of that pleasant Strath,
through which the river Dighty directs its course towards the Firth of Tay. Its
present appellation, iJ/atHS ofFintry, is taken from the old Family seat of Fintry,
which was situate on the banks of the Dighty near the Church, but which has
since been elegantly rebuilt, and called The House o^ Fintry or Lnmleyihen. It
is about 4 miles long, and 3 miles broad at the middle, but is considerably nar-
rower at the extremities : the face of the country has a delightful appearance,
rising gently from the banks of the river towards the North and South : the soil
is, in general, a deep and fertile loam ; and the whole is arable, and inclosed
with hedge-rows, and ornamented with thriving plantations. The air is dry,
and salubrious. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, toge-
ther with School-fees. The only fuel now used here is coal, brought by water
from different parts of Fife. There are quarries of free-stone, and slate. Near
M A L
the old Manse, is a ruinous Castle, which is said to have been built in the year
1311, and to have been for a long series of years, the property and residence of
the Grahams, of Fintry : it now belongs to James Erskine, Esq. ; as does also
Ltmileythen, in the Parish of Monifieth, where he resides. The Bank, the Seat
of Sir John Ogilvy, Bart., odnvercarity, has lately had an elegant front made
to it. Spinning, and bleaching for the Dundee manufacturers of coarse linens,
is carried on to a great extent here.
MAINS of CRAIGO, in the Shire of Forfar; and in the Parish of Logie-
Pert. This is a small Village, on the banks of the North Esk. Near it, are a
bleach-field, and various mills. Craigo House is the seat of David Carnegie, Esq.
MAISTERTON, in the Shire of Edinburgh : an ancient Parish, now com-
prehended in the Parish of Newbottle. This small Parish adjoined Cockpen on
the West ; and on the North, East, and South, it was surrounded by the Abbey
Parish of Newbottle. See, Newbottle.
MAKERSTON, or MAC KER'S-TON, i. e. The Toun of KER'S Son, in
the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £150., together with a manse, and glebe: Patron, The
Duke of Roxburgh : The Church is in decent repair. It is in tlie Presbytery of
Kelso, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 248, and, in 1811, was 352. It is 5 m. S. W. from Kelso.
This Parish is about 5|- miles in length, and 4j miles in breadth, and is supposed
to contain about 3300 acres. It is situate on the North bank of the river Tweed,
from which the surface rises by a gentle ascent to the Northern boundary. Tiie
air is dry ; and the soil is fertile. The Tweed is not navigable here. It is famous
for its mutton. All the Coals, and Lime, used here, are brought from Northum-
berland, about 20 miles ; or from Mid-Lothian, at a still greater distance. A
Turnpike road, which is in tolerably good repair, runs through the Parish. The
Statute labour is not exacted in kind, but is commuted at a fixed rate. The
Monks of Kelso had anciently a considerable property here.
MALENY, V. CURRIE.
MALEW, ST., in The Isle of Man : The Church is a gloomy and venerable
building, situate, as the Manks Churches generally are, in a romantic solitude.
The Resident Population of this Village, in 1792, was 1466. It is H m. N. from
Castle-Town, the Metropolis of the Island, which belongs to this Parish. It has
no Parsonage-house for its Minister.
MALT AN WALLS, v. ANCRUM.
MAN
MAM-RAATACHAN, in INVERNESS, v. RANNOCH.
MANGERTON, v. CASTLE-TOWN.
MAN, THE ISLE of, in Tlie Irish Sea. It is situate 30 m. W. from St. Bee's
Head in Cumberland, 16 m. S. from Burrow Head in Scotland, and 27 m. E.
from Strangfoni in Ireland. The Latitude of the centre of the Island is 54° 16'
North. It extends from North to South upwards of 30 miles, but rarely exceeds
12 miles in breadth. It was known to PTOLOMiiY, and Plinv, by the names of
Monoeda, and Monabia. This Island is divided into two unequal portions by a
chain of mountains, running from North-East to South-West ; the most lofty of
which are Snatvfel, and North and South Barrule. From the high land several
small rivers descend, besides numerous small streams, that abound with trout,
though of an inferior size. The Northern part of the Island is a light sand,
resting on a bed of common clay ; but the greatest portion consists of a barren
soil, resting upon slate: and the mountains are formed chiefly of strata of clay-
slate, much intersected by veins of quartz. Its chief mineral productions are
those of lead, and copper. All mines belong by Prerogative to the Lord Proprie-
tor of the soil : they are let to a Company, and the Lord Proprietor, as Les.sor,
claims one-eighth part of their gross produce. Hares, partridges, woodcocks,
snipes, and wild ducks, are abundant ; and, during the season of incubation, the
rocks are covered with prodigious numbers of aquatic birds. The game laws are
now nearly obsolete. Noxious reptiles are not to be found. This Island, like
The Hebrides, is destitute of woods,, and of almost all trees not planted. The
climate of The Isle of Man is rather milder than that of the neighbouring shores ;
frost and snow being of very short continuance. The heat of summer, on the
other hand, is not so great ; and the harvests are consequently late, and immature.
Gales of wind and heavy falls of rain are frequent, and of long duration. A spirit
of improvement in agriculture has lately become more general, by the exten-
sion of The Cumberland Agricultural Society ; though the Fisheries engage
their principal attention. A conversion of the Tythe, now payable in kind, into
an unalterable sum of money, equal to its present value, has been proposed as an
improvement ; together with the lengthening the terra of leases, which are limited
by law to Twenty-one years. The uncultivated land is estimated at rather more
than one-third of the Island. The roads have, for a long time, been in an im-
proving slate : and by the Statute of 1776, new High ways are ordered to be eight
yards wide, to have ditches on each side, and to be well gravelled at the top, and
which are made and repaired by a fund arising from a tax upon every retailer
VOL. II. 3 B
MAN
of ale or spirits, upon lands and houses, dogs, and some few and trifling fines.
The Resident Population of this Island, in 1792, according to Mr. Woods, was
in the Parish of
Ballaugh - - _
-
1015.
Germain, St., 1625'
Peel Town, 880 /
-
2505.
Jurby - « -
-
713.
Kirk Andreas
-
1555.
Kirk Arbory
-
1143.
Kirk Braddan, 2245 ]
Douglas, - 2800 J
-
- 5045.
Kirk Bride
-
678.
Kirk Clirist Lezayre
-
1721.
Kirk Christ Rushen
-
1590.
Kirk Marovvn
-■
842.
Kirk Maughold, 9071
Ramsay, - 1100 J
-
- 2007.
Kirk Michael
-
1003.
Kirk Patrick
-
2153.
Lonan
-
1408.
Malew, - 1700-1
Castle Town, 1200
-
- 3333.
Bala-Salla, 433.
Oncan _ _ _
-
690.
Santon _ - .
512.
27,913.
But the number of Inhabitants at present is estimated at more than 30,000.
The History of the Island is involved in darkness and fable, until the descent of
Orry, a Danish Prince ; who, after subduing the Orkneys and Hebrides, at last
established his Throne in Mona. In the eleventh century it was seized by
GoDRED Crovan, a Noricegian Hero ; from wliom the Sovereignty descended to
Magnus, the last Prince of the Norwegian line ; who, finding himself unable to
retain llje Sovereiantv of Tlie Western Isles, asrreed to surrender them to
Alexander the Third, King of Scotland, for a stipulated sum, and dying, in
MAN
1265, was buried in the Abbey Cliurch of Ruslien. Alexander, an active and
politic Prince, soon regained the Hebrides; and Mono, no longer protected by
the Crown of Norway, in 1270, increased the honours of his conquest. The
Island was now 2;ovcrned by Thanes or Lieutenants appointed by the Scottish
Monarchy : until Sir William tie Montacute, who had married a descendant of
GoDRED Crovan, liaviiig collected a body of English troops, under tiie sanction
of Edward the Third, to prosecute his Lady's right, soon reduced tlie Island ;
and, by command of the English Monarch, in 1344, was crowned King of Man,
But Montacute did not long retain this honour ; for, having contracted a con-
siderable debt for this war, and being unable to discharge it, he mortgaged the
Kingdom for seven years to Anthony Bec, Bishop of Durham, who soon after
obtained a Grant of the Island from Richard the Second. On this Prelate's de-
cease, the Kingdom of Man reverted to Montacute, now created Earl of
Salisbury ; who soon after sold it to Sir William Scroop, Chamberlain to the
King. Richard's fate is well known ; and Scroop, on Henry's assumption of
the Crown of England, being beheaded. The Isle of Man was then granted by
that Monarch to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and his heirs ; on con-
dition that they should carry on their left shoulder, at the coronation of the Eng-
lish Monarchs, the sword with which Henry was girt when he' returned from
France in 1399. Four years afterwards, Percy was attainted for attempting to
shake that throne, which he had so zealously contributed to establish ; but his
perfidy was frustrated by the vigilance and policy of Henry ; and, although
subsequently restored in blood, and to his estates in England, The Isle of Man
was permanently forfeited ; and, in the sixth year of the same reign, was con-
ferred on Sir John Stanley for life ; and soon afterwards (in 1406), he enjoyed
a new and ample Grant, which extended to his heirs and successors (afterwards
Earls of Derby ;) " to beholden of the Crown of Ewgland by liege homage, and
the service of rendering to the English Monarchs two Falcons on their Corona-
tion." By this liberality of Henry the Fourth, Sir John Stanley and his descend-
ants enjoyed a plenitude oi Regal power and dignity ; which proceeded regularly,
and without molestation, from ancestor to heir to the time of William, the Sixth
Earl of Derby, against whose title some objections were started and legally re-
moved. But to put the matter beyond all doubt, W illiam obtained from James
the First a new Grant of The Isle of Man, which was confirmed by Act of
Parliament, This Island was one of the last places that yielded to the authority
of Cromwell. General Ireton having proposed to James, the Seventh and
3B2
MAN
magnanimous Earl of Derby, on the part of the Parliament, the re-possession of
his Estates in England, provided he would surrender The Isle of Man, the
proposal was treated with the highest indignation ; and his memorable answer,
to " forbear any further solicitations, for if you trouble me with any more mes-
sages upon this occasion, / tcill burn the paper and hang the messenger" is re-
corded by Mr. Hume. This spirited Earl, being taken prisoner after the battle
of Worcester, was executed on the loth of October, 1651, at Bolton. His
Countess, the gallant defender of Z/a^/iam ifo?(se, being then in The Isle of Man,
resolved to preserve his possessions, and retiring into Castle Rtishen, determined
to defend that Fortress to the last extremity ; but Captain Christian, in whom
she chiefly confided, and who had the command of the Manks forces, deeming
her cause hopeless, capitulated to Colonels Birch and Duckenfield, who, with
ten armed vessels, had invaded the island. Soon after its reduction in 1652, it
was granted by the Parliament to Lord Fairfax. But, on the accession of
Charles the Second, The Isle of Man, with all its regalities and privileges, was
restored to Charles, Earl of Derby, the Son of the Nobleman who suffered at
Bolton. In this family it continued until the year 1735, when James, the tenth
Earl, dying without issue, this ample inheritance devolved on James, the second
Duke of Athol, who was descended from Lady Amelia Sophia, the youngest
daughter of the Seventh Earl of Derby. He was succeeded by his Nephew,
John, who was partly intimidated, and partly allured to resign the Kingdom of
his Ancestors for £'70,000. And, accordingly, on the 7th of March 1765, Tfte
Regal Dignity of Mona was lost for ever in the superior effulgence of The
British Diadem. In 1781, The Duke of Athol presented a petition to Parlia-
ment, which stated, among other complaints, that many parts of the Act of the
5° Geo. III., required explanation and amendment, and that proper remedies or
powers were omitted to be given by the said Act to The Duke and Duchess of
Athol, their heirs or assigns, seneschals or stewards, and moors and bailift's, for
the obtaining of the several rights and interests, or for the exercise or enjoyment
of such as were intended to be reserved ; and, therefore, prayed that leave might
be given to bring in a bill to explain and amend the said Act, and to enable the
said Duke and his heirs, to obtain, exercise, and enjoy, certain powers and
remedies : A petition was presented by The House of Keys against the passing of
the Bill ; which, however, somewhat amended, passed The Commons, but was
lost in The House of Lords. In 1790, the Duke again petitioned Parliament,
which was again opposed by The House of Keys ; and, on the order of the day
MAN
for tlie commitment of the Bill being read, Mr. Chancellor Pitt observed,
" that notwithstanding his full conviction of the propriety and even necessity of
proceeding with such a measure, yet, after the unfavourable impression which
had gained ground upon the subject, he should think it in no degree prudent to
attempt to push the Bill further at present, and should therefore move, that the
Bill be committed for that day three months :" the Bill was consequently lost.
In 1805, a third Petition was presented by The Duke to Parliament, which like
the former, was referred to a Committee; and which, after great opposition
both in the House of Commons, and in the House of Lords, was finally carried,
and the Bill soon afterwards received His Majesty's assent : The Duke being
allowed one-fourth of the gross revenues of The Isle of Man to himself and his
heirs for ever, which being then estimated at £'12,000., yields an annual income
of £3,000. His Majesty has the appointment of all the military, and all the
chief civil officers. He alone has the power of pardoning criminals ; and may in
Council hear, and finally determine, all appeals from the decision of The
Governor or of The Keys. His consent is necessary to the passing of all Laws.
The Governor holds his office, by His Majesty's appointment. He is Chan-
cellor, ex officio, and, by himself or deputy, hears appeals, not relative to land,
from the decision of inferior Courts, reversing or confirming them according to
his judgement. The consent of himself or of his Lieutenant is necessary to the
making of a Law ; but not that of The Lord Proprietor, at present The
Duke of Athol, unless he holds one of those situations. The latter may, how-
ever, enter caveats against the King's consent, and have his petition heard ; and
in, or about the year 1789, he actually did so. The Lieutenant Governor
has now all the powers of the Governor during his absence; and none during
his presence, except what the Governor does not think proper to resume. The
Council consists of Five Persons, holding their seats ex officio, viz , The Lord
Bishop, The Water Bailiff, The Attorney General, The Clerk of the Rolls, and
The Archdeacon. The consent of a majority of these, previously to that of The
King, is necessary to the passing of a Law. The Twenty-Four Keys are the
last branch of the 3/anAs Legislature. The consent of a majority of them is
necessary to the passing of a Law ; and a Bill usually originates in this House.
They are considered the Guardians of the people, particularly so of the landed
interest, and their power is as well judicial as legislative. An appeal may be
made to them from the inferior Courts. In all actions real, and in appeals, their
decision is conclusive between the parties, unless the cause be carried before the
MAN
King in Council. They determine in all cases by a majority. In intricate law
cases they are required to decide what the law of the land is ; every determina-
tion forming a precedent for future cases. Bishop Wilson derives their name
from their office o( unlocking the difficulties of the Law. Their election of a
Speaker is subject to tlie approbation of the King : he gives, when required, the
casting vote. In their legislative capacity their debates arc always private.
The situation brings with it considerable honour, much trouble, but no emolu-
ment. The Keys always possessed, and seem never to have abused, the confi-
dence of the people. The Laws passed by the Legislature of this Island are
called ^cfe of TiNWALD. Before they become binding upon the people, they
must, according to long usage, be promulgated from a certain artificial Mount,
near the spot where the High-road from Castle-Town to Ramsay, and that from
Douglas to Peel, cross each other, called The Tmwald Hill, the day of the na-
tivity of St. John the Baptist being formerly the only usual time of such promul-
gation. Hence it is, that the Acts derive their names. A High Bailiff resides
at each of the four Towns, and holds his Court there once in every week: — The
Parishes of Lonan, Oncan, Kirk-Braddan, and Kirk-Marown, are under the juris-
diction of the Bailiff of Douglas : — Malew, Santon, Kirk Arbory, and Kirk Christ
Rushen, under that of the Bailiff of Castle-Towri : — Kirk Patrick, St. Germain,
Kirk Michael, and Ballaugh, under that of the Bailiff of Peel : — and Jurby,
Kirk Andreas, Kirk Bride, Kirk Christ Lezayre, and Kirk Maughold, under that
of the Bailiff of Ramsay r^Fhis Court was instituted in 1777. The High-Bailiff
is the only Judge who takes cognizance of complaints and debts under the value of
405. He usually determines them at the first hearing, in the presence of the par-
ties, who are summoned by his Warrant. There are Trco Deemsters in the Island,
one of whom is Judge or Chief Justice of the Southern T>\xhion, and usually holds
his Court at Castle-Town ; — The other presides over the Northern Division, and
usually holds his Court at Ramsay. Their Jurisdiction is extensive, being com-
petent to decide all causes exceeding the value of 40«., not being actions where
damages are to be assessed, or such as come propcrlv before the Chancellor ; all
such as respect defamation, slander, or simple breach of the peace ; and all ap-
peals from the judgement of the High-Bailiff. A Court of Common Law is
holden at Castle-Town, and at Ramsay, four times in the year ; the term com-
mencing one vveek later at the latter than at the former place. There are also
Courts of Admiralty, of Exchf.quer, and of Chancery : together likewise with
an Ecclesiastical Court, and The Great Inquest. The Inhabitants appear
MAN
to be content with their Laws ; and the decisions of the Governor, and
Dkemsters, are considered extremely equitable. The Isle of Man is a place
of considerable resort for strangers, and is become so chiefly or altogether
upon two accounts. The First is, that it is a place which is privileged by law
from all debts not contracted here ; and from debts contracted here, if not with
the inhabitants as far as respects the person and money of the debtor, but not his
goods; and it is so much the resort of persons of this description, that a
man, on his arrival, is immediately suspected of coming hither to avoid
his Creditors: — The Second is, that a family may live, especially in the
country, and more particularly at the Northern part, at a very small expense.
All Letters for The Isle of Man are brought from Whitehaven to Douglas
by a Packet, which ought to leave that Port every Monday night, but which
is occasionally delayed by tempestuous weather : it contains good accom-
modations for Passengers ; — Besides which, there is a Packet that sails weekly
from Liverpool with Passengers only. The Passage from Whitehaven is 9s.,
and from Liverpool 10«. 6d. Markets for provisions are directed to be holden
at Castle-Town, Douglas, Peel, and Ramsay ; but they are only regular at
Douglas. Fairs for the sale of horses, cattle, and wearing apparel the manu-
facture of the Island, and for the hiring of servants, are numerous; and about
six of them are well attended. There is no established Market for grain; so
that those who are likely to want that commodity, generally make a contract
with the Farmers as soon as the harvest is got in. The principal exports are
herrings, linen, potatoes, butter, coarse paper, kelp, and marble and paving
stones. The imports are manufactured goods of almost every description, chiefly
from Liverpool ; coals, wine, and spirituous liquors : the balance of trade being
greatly against the Island. Gold, and silver coins are very scarce. The Copper
coinage is peculiar to the Island, fourteen Manks pence making one English
shilling. Greenock guinea notes are the chief substitute for gold; and various
one-shilling, half-a-crown, three-shilling, five-shilling, and seven-shilling
tickets or cards, are issued by the merchants and manufacturers to prevent
any inconvenience that might arise from the scarcity of silver. Until the Act of
re-vestment in 1765, and the subsequent regulations, the chief business of the
place was smuggling ; but, since that period, the contraband trade has been
nearly annihilated. Hospitality, piety, and benevolence, are pre-eminent vir-
tues among the inhabitants. In every Parish is at least one Charily School, and
often a small Library. These were founded by Bishops Barrow, and WilsoiN ;
MAN
they are supported by voluntary contributions, and many of them have funds
arising from legacies and donations. The Earse is the prevailing language. The
Religion of the Island is that of the Established Church of England. All sects
are tolerated ; but no marriage is legal, unless the ceremony be performed ac-
cording to the custom of the Protestant Church. The care of the Church de-
volves upon the Bishop, the Arch-Deacon, the two Vicars General, and the
Episcopal Registrar. The Act of re-vestment reserves in the Athol Family
all its former Ecclesiastical patronage. The Bishop, having been nominated by
The Duke of Athol, and received His Majesty's approbation, is consecrated by
The Archbishop of York. He enjoys all the pre-eminences and spiritual rights
of other Bishops; but, his See not being a Barony, has no vote in The British
House of Peers. The Bishoprick of Sodor was first instituted by Pope Gregory
the Fourth in the ninth Century. It is said to have been erected in Sodor, an
imaginary Village either in Man or I-Colm-Kill. The Bishops of the Western
Isles possessed the title of Sodor only, until the year 1098, when King Magnus,
of Norioay, conquering The Hebrides, and The Isle of Man, united the two
Bishopricks of Sodor, and 3Ian (this See having been erected by St. Patrick, in
447) ; which continued so united until the English were possessed of The Isle of
Man, in 1333. And, although the Bishop o{ Man had no claim to the Bishoprick
oi Sodor from that time, the title is continued to the present day. Another deriv-
ation is, however, given of Sodor, it being, according to Torf^us, a corruption
of Slider, i. e. Southern ; the Norwegians being accustomed to call the most
Northern Hebrides, Nordereys, from Noder, North, and / or Eye, an Island ;
and the Southern, oi ■w\i\c\\ I-Colm-Kill is one, Sudereys ; all the last named
being in the Diocese of Sodor, and lying to the Southward of the Point of
Ardnamurchan. In most of the Parishes of Man, the Service is performed on
alternate Sundays in the Manks, and in the English language. The Churches
have no peculiar characteristic.
MANOR, V. LOGIE.
MANOR, in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a Chapelry, the Sti|)end of
which, in 1811, was £'116. in money, and a glebe of 23^ Scotch acres : Patron,
The Marquis of Qiiecnsbcrry : The old Church, which was four miles distant
from the present one, and which was removed, about the middle of the Seven-
teenth Century, to the South part of the Parisli, where it now stands, was
called St. Gordiuns Kirk : both the Church, and Manse, were lately repaired
by the Heritors. It is in the Presbytery of Peebles, and Synod of LoLhiau and
MAR
Tweeddalc. The Resident Population of tliis Parish, in 1801, was 308, and,
in 1811, was 302. It is 2| ni. S. S. W. from Peebles. This Parish is said to
contain 18,1 10 acres of land. It is mountainous ; but towards the SouUi, where
it is more open, there is excellent arable ground, which is well cultivated. TJie
liills in the Upper part of the Parish, on both sides of the water of J/anor, are
very higli, and so closely adjoining to each other, as to occasion very sudden
inundations, when the rainy season sets in, on the approach of Winter. The
arable land bears but a vei-y small proportion to the pasture ; and lies mostly
at the bottom of the hills, along the river Manor, and partly on the banks of the
Tweed. It is naturally fertile, and of a sharp soil: and the Harvest is rather
earlier than in the neighbouring Parishes. The air, though in some of the higher
grounds intensely cold, is both pure and wholesome. The Schoolmaster's Salary
is 300 merks, and perquisites, together with a commodious School-house, but
it is in a very inconvenient part of the Parish. The great disadvantage under
which it labours, is the distance from coals : peats are generally used by the
Inhabitants. Here are two lofty Hills, called Scrape, and Dollar-Burn ; the
latter of which is supposed to be 28-10 feet above the level of the sea. There is
a Roman Camp, which is pretty entire : and near it were discovered, some years
ago, a Roman ui'n, and some ancient coins. At a small distance from this Camp,
there is an ancient Tower situate upon an eminence, and commanding the best
view in the Parish : and which probably served as a Watch-tower, to give sig-
nals of alarm, when the enemy made inroads upon the country. Robert the
Third granted to Sir William Inglis the Barony of Manor, to hold blanche of
the Crown ; in consideration of his victory over Thomas Struther, an English-
man, in single combat ; reserving, however, to Sir William Gladstanes,
the lands which he possessed in the same Barony, with the old Superiority.
MANUEL, PRIORY, v. EMANUEL.
MANX-MAN'S LAKE, v. TORR'S LAKE.
MAR, a District, in the Shire of Aberdeen. It lies between the rivers Dee,
and Don, and comprehends the three great Divisions of Brae-Mar, Cromar, and
Mid-Mar. The First, denoting the inland and most mountainous part of the
country, and containing the Parishes of Brae-Mar, Crathie, Glen-Muick, part
of Tulloch, and Glen-Gairn ; — the Second, being the lower and more cultivated
district, and containing the Parishes of CouU, Tarland and Migvie, Coldstone
and Logic, and the remainder of Tulloch ; — and the Tliird, taking its name
from its central situation, in respect to the two rivers, and comprising the
VOL. II. 3 C
MAR
Parishes of Cliiny, Mid-Mar, and Echt. Mar anciently gave the title of Earl to
the family of Erskine, attainted in 1715; for their altachraenl to the House of
Stuart.
MARCH, V. MERSE.
MARCH BURN, Tlie, v. EDENHAM.
MARCHFIELD, v. CRAMOND.
MARCHIDUN, or MARCHMONT, v. KELSO.
MARCHISTON, v. PORTSBOROUGH.
MARCHMONT, v. GREENLAW.
MARGARET'S, ST., BAY, v. QUEENS-FERRY, NORTH.
MARGARET'S, ST., HOPE, v. RONALDSAY, SOUTH.
MARKINCH, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife : formerly a Vicar-
age, with the Parsonage of Kirk- Forthar annexed ; the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was 128 bolls of victual, Linlithgoiv measure, one half payable in meal, and the
other half in barley, and £500. Scotch in money, together with £8. .6. .8. for Com-
munion elements : the manse is in good repair : the glebe consists of 8 acres : Pa-
tron, The Crown : The Church is very ancient, having belonged to the Culdees in
the Tenth Century. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkaldy, and Synod of Fife. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages ofBalbirnie-
burns, Mill-Town cmd Coal-Town of Balgonie, Dubie-Sidc, Balcurvie, anrfMark-
inch) was 3130, and, in 1811, was 3981. It is 7 m. N. from Kirkaldy. This Parish
contains about 7000 acres ; the greatest part of which is exceedingly fertile, and
well cultivated. The climate is cold, but not unhealthy. It is watered by the rivers
Leven, Lochty, and Orr, which abound with fish of various kinds. The Public
Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair ; but the Cross-roads are bad. The
Netc Inn, at Pittillock Ford, and The Plasterers, near Balbirnie Bridge, afford
excellent accommodations. Coals, of a .superior quality, are in the greatest
plenty. The 3hdttires are exorbitant, amounting to one-thirteenth part of the
value of the grain carried to the mill. The Salary of the Parochial School is
300 raerks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a good house, and
garden. Ou the Eastern extremity of the Parish, in the Farm of Dimiface,
which was mortified to The United College of St. Andrew's, by a gentleman
of the name of Ramsay, for the education of four Bursars at that College, is an
eminence ; upon Avhich, are the vestiges of a fortification, called The Maiden
Castle. On the Post road at the Southern extremity of the Parish, was an old
narrow and inconvenient Bridge, which was built by Cardinal Bethune ; it was
MAR
lately taken down, and a very handsome and commodious Bridge, of three
arches, built in its j)lace.
MARLEFIELD, v. ECKFORD.
MARNOCII, anciently AIJER-CHERDER, in the Sliirc of Banff : form-
erly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £45. in money, 90 bolls of
meal, and 22 bolls of bear : Patron, The Earl (51' Fife: The Church, which is
dedicated to St. Marnoch, was lately re-built. It is in the Presbytery of Strath-
Bogie, and Synod of Moray. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 1687, and, in 1811, was 2018. It is S\ m. W. from Turreff. This Parish
is from 9 to 10 measured miles in length, and from 4 to 5 miles in breadth.
The surface is in general rather flat, being mostly surrounded with hills which
are covered with heath : the river Doveron, bounds it on the South, on the bank*
of which the soil is a rich loam, and very fertile : towards the upper part of the
country, it is wet, stony, and stiff ground. It is fully pi'ovided with good peats.
There are several extensive Plantations of various kinds, all of them in a thriv-
ing condition. The air is pure, and healthy. The only language spoken here is
Scottish. The Salary of the Parochial Schoolmaster is 300 merks, besides School-
fees, a dwelling, and a rood of land, and a few small perquisites. There is also a
Charity School in Foggicloan. Great improvements are now carrying on by John
MoRisoN, Esq., oi Auchintoul, whose House of ArdmeaUy is uninhabited ; and
who has established a manufactory in the Village of Aber-Cherder. James Rose
Innes, Esq., of Netherdale ; and Alexander Ogjlvie, Esq., of Ciilvie, are both
laudably employed in the improvement of their Estates. The person of most
eminence which Marnoch has produced was, Alexander Gordon, Esq., of
Auchintoul, who entered into the army of Peter the Great, and by his personal
valour and good conduct in the war carried on against Charles the Twelftli
King of Sweden, was raised to the Rank of Major General, and wrote
the history of the reign of that Prince. The new Turnpike road, from Banff to
Huntley, passes through this Parish, which, with the excellent Bridge over the
Doveron, makes an easy communication from the coast ; and for which, the
Parish is chiefly indebted to the patriotic exertions of Mr. Morison, of Auchintoul.
MAROWN, v. KIRK MAROWN.
MARTIN, ISLE, off the Coast of Cromarty ; and constituting part of the
Pari.sh of Loch Broom. It is situate in Loch Broom : and here a Company of
Liverpool Gentlemen have established a Fishing Station, with considerable
success. It is 5 m. N. N. W. from Ullapool. See, Cromarty.
3 C 2
MAR
MARTIN'S, ST., in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Mensal Cliurch of the
Abbey of Holyrood-House, with the ancient Parish of Cambus-Michael united ;
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 4 chalders of victual , two-thirds paid in meal,
and one-third in bear, together with £400. Scotch in money, the small Vicarage
Tythes, and £8..6..8. for Communion elements : the manse was built in 1792,
and is a large, commodious house : the glebe consists of 7 acres : Patrons, The
Crown, and The Earl of Mansfield : The Church was re-built in 1776, and is
neatly fitted up. It is in the Presbytery of Perth, and Synod of Perth and Stir-
ling. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1136, and, in 1811,
was 1076. It is o m. N. N. E. from Perth. This Parish is about 4 miles in
length, and one mile in breadth, stretching along the banks of the river Tay.
The surface is much diversified ; and the soil is in general a black mould with
a till bottom, but now mostly all cultivated and improved. The climate is
healthy. Lime-stone, rock-marl, and free-stone, are abundant. Fuel is scarce.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, together with School-
fees, and perquisites, and a free house, school-house, and garden. The Roads
are in good repair. The principal manufacture is that of linen. Here are the
vestiges of a Roman road. St. Martins, a beautiful modern Mansion, is the seat
of Mr. Macdonald, the principal Heritor.
MARTIN'S, ST., one of The Scilly Islands. This Island is estimated to
contain 720 acres ; and its Resident Population, in 1810, was 220. It is 2 m.
N. from S. Mary's. It is a pleasant, and well cultivated Island ; and much kelp
is burnt here.
MARTIN'S, ST., EASTER, in the Shire of Cromarty: an ancient Vicarage,
formerly annexed to the Vicarage of CuUicudden, and now comprehended in the
Parish of Kirk-lNIichael : the Church is demolished, but the Church-yard is still
occasionally used. It is 6j m. N. W. from Fortrose. See, Cromarty.
MARTLE, in the Shire of Hadington ; and in the Parish of Athelstan-Ford.
It is 4\ m, N. E. from Hadington. This Village, according to Buchanan, was
anciently called Miracle, from a miraculous incident which he relates concerning
a battle fought here.
MARTORHA?»I, LAKE, v. COYLTON.
MARYBURGH, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Kill-Malie.
This Village is situate on the Sea-sliore, on the South side of Loch Eil, within a
few yards to tiie South-West of Fort William. The place where it stands, M'as
anciently called yi«c/ropcrly and residence of Robertson Liduer-
DALE, Esq., is situate on a beautiful sloping hill, in the centre of a fine Valley,
M U R
wliicli is watered by the Milk : it was formerly a seat of the ancient Lords of
Annandale, and came from the Bruges to the Stewarts by Walter, Higli
Steward of Scotland, who married the daughter of King Robert Bruce ; and so
descended to Robert, High Steward of Scotland, their son, the first of the
Stewarts who came to the Crown, in 1371 : it afterwards belonged to the
Maxwells, and the Douglases. It was besieged by The Duke of Somerset,
Protector in tlie Minority of Edward the Sixth : it again suffered all the miseries
of war under Oliver CaOiMWELL ; and though his entrenchments (.still dis-
tinctly visible) had greatly the command of the place, it nevertheless held out
for a considerable time. The Castle was demolished in the year 1707, and con-
verted into a dvrelling-house, which has since been much improved : and it i.^
now one of the most delightful and romantic situations that can well be conceived.
Sir John Stewart, Bart., of Castle Milk, near Glasgow, takes his designation
from this place. The Proprietor of the estate of Castle Milk, which extend.s to
about one-third of the Parish, is now carrying on considerable improvements
with great vigour. St. Mungo or Kentigern, from whom the Parish takes its
name, was a celebrated British Saint : And, according to Mr. Chalmers, " in
the Bishoprick of Glasgow, according to the custom of St. Mungo, the widow of
a tenant, on the Bishops Rental, was entitled, while she remained single, to hold
her husband's lands, for life : Tliis Custom w^as sustained by the Court of Ses-
sion, as late as 1633." —
MUNLOCHY, in the Shire of Ross ; and in the Parish of Knockbain. This
is an excellent Fishing- Station, situate at the Western extremity of a Bay to
which it gives name, extending from the Moray Firth. See, Avoch.
MUNSHES, or MUNCIES, v. BUITTLE.
MURDOCH'S, ST., CHAPEL, v. INVER-KEILOR.
MURIE-HALL, in the Shire of Linlithgow ; and in the Parish of Kirk-
Liston. It is 1 m. N. N. W. from Kirk-Liston. In this Estate are 17 acres of
Land, which are said to have been given by Queen Margaret, for upholding
the Passage at Queen's Ferry; the Rents of which are still applied to that
purpose.
MURKLE, V. OLRICK.
MURRx\Y, FIRTH, and SHIRE, v. ELGIN, SHIRE.
MURRAY'S-HALL, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Kin-
noul. This is a disjoined District, at the distance of 3 m. N. E. from Perth.
From the Hill here, is a most beautiful and extensive Prospect.
M U S
MURROES, V. MUIRHOUSE.
MURTHLY, V. DUNKELD, LITTLE.
MURTLE, V. PETER CULTER.
MUSA, or QUEEN'S LSLE, one of the Shetland Isles; and constituting
part of the Parish of Sandwich. It is situate off the East side of that
Parish.
MUSSELBURGH, a Town having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate in
the Shire of Edinburgh ; and constituting part of the Parish of Inver-Esk. It
It is 5 m. E. from Edinburgh, and 384 m. N. b. W. from London. The Mar-
ket is on Friday. A Penny-Post Office is established here. It is a considerable
Sea-Port Town, situate at the mouth of the river Esk, and is said to derive its
name from an extensive Muscle bank, which lies in the Firth of Forth below the
Town, and was probably the cause of its early population. Musselburgh is a
Tery ancient Burgh of Regality, and was once called Musselburgh- Shire : the
Mill, to which this Regality was astricted and thirled, is called T7ie Shire-Mill,
and the wood along the banks of the river, of which little now remains, is called
Shire-wood ; and Sheriff"- Hall, al the extremity of the Regality, has acquired its
name in the same manner. Before the Reformation, it was an Ecclesiastical
Burgh belonging, among other possessions, to the Abbacy of Dunfermlin : 'It
was disjoined by King James the Sixtli from that Abbacy, who gave the super-
iority of it to his Chancellor, Lord Thirlestane, the worthy progenitor of the
Earls of Lauderdale. And when the whole Abbacy was given to Queen Anne of
Denmark, she re-claimed the Regality of Musselburgh, as comprehended under
the gift : but the Proprietor contended, that it had ab ante been gifted to him,
which defence was sustained. Certain parts, however, of this Regality and
Parish have been disjoined, and added to the Parishes of Cranston, Newton, and
Dalkeith. Much of this vast estate, notwithstanding the profusion of the cele-
brated Duke of Lauderdale, and the dangers of forfeiture, descended to Earl
John, who died in 1710 : and from him, in 1709, Anne Duchess of Buccleugh
and Monmouth, purchased what remained of that great property. It is now
holden by The Duke of Buccleugh, as Lord Superior of the Regality j and
pays annually to that Nobleman, certain sums as quit-rent and feu-duty. The
Territories of the Burgh stretch along the sea-coast, the whole extent of tiie
Parish, and are about two measured miles and a half in length, and from one-half
to one-fourth of a mile in breadth ; comprehending in the Division of Mussel-
burgh, the Town of Musselburgh, West Pans, and Newbiggin,— and in the
M U S
Division o? Fisher- Roiv, the Suburb of Fislicr-Rovv, Market-Gate, Bridge-End,
Timber-BuKii, Spving-Gaidcn, Brunslanc-Mill, and Magdalen-Pans. At the
East end of Musselburgh, was the celebrated Chapel of Our Lady of Lorelto,
with the Hermifs Ce// adjoining : during the ravages of The Earl of Hertford,
in May 1544, he destroyed this famous Chapel, with a part of the Town : it was
soon repaired : but, it was finally abolished, at the Reformation ; and, in 1590,
the materials of the Chapel which had once so many votaries, were converted to
the building of the Tolbooth, of Mus^selburgh : This is said to have been the first
Religious House in Scotland, whose ruins were applied to an unhallowed use,
for which the good people of Mussolburgh are said to have been annually
excommunicated until very lately, at Rome. The site of this Chapel, and Her-
mitage, is now comprised within the garden of the Gentleman who possesses
the Villa, called Loretto, Within these forty years, there was a middle row of
houses Eastward from the Tolbooth, one of which had been a Chapel, called
Chapel Gavel. There were various other old Chapels in different situations ; one
was in a garden in the West end of Market-Gate, and one in New Hailes
grounds, called Magdalen Chapel, near to Magdalen Bridge, of which there
are now no remains ; besides an Alms-house in Market-Gate, which is now a
Dwelling-House. It is reported, that it received it's first Charter about the year
1340, from The Earl of Marr, for their attention to the great Randolph Earl of
Murray, who died of the stone in this Town, in the month of July 1332 : and
Sir John Sinclair, M'ith a due regard to antiquity, has preserved the ground
plan and elevation of the house of this eminent man, which is still pointed out
to strangers,. But the most ancient Charter of this Burgh now extant, is dated
the 11th of December 1562, and is granted by Robert, Comnundator of Dun-
fermlin, with consent of the whole Members of the Convent : it narrates, " That
the Title-deeds belonging to the Burgh were burnt by their enemies the English,
after the fatal battle of Pinkie ; therefore, they, of new, grant, dispone, and
confirm to the present Baillies, Community, and Inhabitants of Musselburgh,
and to their Successors ." This Charter is confirmed by many subsequent Char-
ters, and Acts of Parliament ; particularly by a Charter from The Duke of
Lauderdale, in 1670, in which all their ancient Rights and Privileges are nar-
rated and confirmed. In 1632, it was erected into a Royal Burgh, by a Charter
under the Great Seal ; but the Magistrates of Edinburgh obtained a decreet of
reduction of that Charter before the Privy Council, on the 30lh of November
of the same year, in consequence of a compromise with the Magistrates of
VOL. H. 3 M
M U T
Musselburgh. It is governed by a Tovvn-Coxuicil of 18 members, 10 of whom are
elected from Musselburgh, and 8 from Fisher-Row ; the whole Regality in this
Division being- considered as Fisher-Row, except what is within the ancient
Ports of Musselburgh : out of these, two Baillies and a Treasurer are annually
elected, but may not be re-elected more than two years without intermission ;
two Counsellors go off annually by a vote of the Council, and two are chosen in
their room by the same body. There are also seven incorporated Trades. The
annual Revenue arising from Shores-daes, Feu-duties, Mill-rents, &c.,
amounts to upwards of £1500. The Magistrates are empowered to hold a Court
of Record, to issue Precepts both on their decrees and registrations, and to
grant infeftments ; and, upon the whole, it possesses all the Privileges of a Royal
Burgh, except those of voting for the election of a Member of Parliament, and of
sending a Delegate to the Convention of Burghs. Great quantities of Salt are
annually made here. This Port is subordinate to the Custom-House at Preston
Pans. Between the Sea and the Town, lie the extensive downs, called Mus-
selburyh Links, excellently adapted for the healthful exercise of the Golf. The
manly exercise of Archery is also practised here, where an ancient silver Arrow
is preserved, which is shot for annually by the Royal Company of Archers.
There is now, and has long been, a flourishing Grammar School in tliis Town,
under the Patronage of the Magistrates, the Town-Council, and the Minister:
the Salary is £28. per annum, with a good house, and garden. There are also
three Boarding Schools for Young Ladies, which have met with great encou-
ragement. On the abolition of Hereditary Jurisdictions, in 1747, The Duke of
BuccLEUGH claimed for this Regality, £3000. Musselburgh gives the title of
Baron to The Earl of Lauderdale.
MUTHIL, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Vicarage, belonging to the See
of Dunblane; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 150. Sterling: the manse is in
good repair : the glebe consists of 8 acres : Patron, The Crown : The Church
is very ancient. It is in the Presbytery of Auchterarder, and Synod of Perth and
Stirling. The Resident Population ofthis Parish, in 1801, was 2880, and, in 1811,
was 3090. It is 4 m, S. from Crieff. The Fairs are holdenon the 19th of January,
6th of May, 5th of August, and 31st of October. It is situate on the great Military
road, from Stirling to Inverness. This Parish is from 8 to 10 miles in length, and
from 6 to 9 miles in breadth, being situate on the Borders of the Highlands. The
surfiice is hilly: but on the haughsof the Earn and the y4//aM, there is a considerable
extent of arable land, of alight loam, and exceedingly fertile : the higher grounds
M Y R
are barren, and wet ; and, in the South-West district, there are many thousand
acres, completely covered with heath, or deep moss. Several extensive plan-
tations have lately been made here. The climate is damp, and cold, but toler-
ably healthy. Game, of all kinds, are abundant. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites : besides which,
The Society for propagating Christian Knowlege have established a School here,
with a Salary of £12. : And, at The Chapel o^ Ease, lately built on the South
side of the Parish, there is another School, the master of which is Preceutor of
the Chapel, and has a small salary, but chiefly de|>ends upon the profits of his
School. At Slrageath, on the banks of the Earn, are the vestiges of a small Ro-
man Station, which is supposed to have been the ad Hiernam, of Richard of
Cirencester : But, at Ardoch, is the famous one, the area of which is an oblong
of 140 .yards, by 125 : this is supposed to be the most complete of any in Great
Britain, and, with a taste and zeal which do honour to the present worthy
Proprietor, Sir William Stirling, Bart., whose valuable and hospitable Man-
sion is adjacent, it has been inclosed with a high stone wall, to preserve it from
future demolition : from the ramparts of this important fortress may be seen the
plain o( Sheriff"- Muir, where the ill-disputed battle of Dunblane was fought, in
1715 : The Earl of Marr having laid the Evening before at Ardoch. By a cruel
command of The Pretender, the Village of Miithil, with several others, were
burned in the month of January 1716. Upon a rock, about a mile to the West-
ward of the Military road, is Drummond Castle, the ancient Seat of the Illustri-
ous Family of Perth, who are Proprietors of more than two-thirds of the Parish :
it is delightfully situate at the head of the vale of Strathearn, and attracts the
notice and admiration of every stranger, for the beautiful and unbounded pros-
pect which it commands. See, Callander.
MYERS, V. AUCHTERMUCHTY.
MYLNEFIELD, v. LONG-FORGAN.
MYREHEAD, v. DRYFE'S-DALE.
MYRESIDE, V. SPYNIE.
3M2
N A I
N.
INAIRN, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locall}- situate in the'
Shire of Nairn: formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 5
chalders of victual, £27. in money, and £5. for Communion elements: Patron,
James Brodie, Esq., of Brodie : The Church, Manse, and Offices, are in toler-
able condition. This was originally a Mensal Church, attached to the Deanry
of Auldearn. It is in the Presbytery of Nairn, and Synod of Moray. The Resi-
dent Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 2215, and, in 1811, was
2504. It IS 167 m. N. b. W. from Edinburgh. The Fairs are liolden on the 18th
of February, first Tuesday in March, first Tuesday, O. S. , in June, the last Wednes-
day in August, the 20th of September, or Friday after, and that day fortnight, and
the 3d Tuesday in December. It is a neat Town, situate at the confluence of the
river AWrn with the Firth o{ 3Ioray, and has a small and convenient Harbour which
might be much improved. At what period it was erected into a Royal Burg'h,
is uncertain ; the oldest Charter extant is one from James the Sixth, dated in
1589, being the renewal of one granted by King AXiEXANOER, probably the first
of that name who swayed the Scottish sceptre. In 1661, this Charter was con-
firmed by one from Charles the Second, by which the government of the Town
is vested in a Provost, three Baillies, a Dean of Guild, and Treasurer, with
eleven Counsellors, nine of whom make a Quoncni. The Three Baillies, the
Dean of Guild, and Treasurer, in consequence of a late decision of the House of
Peers, must be resident. The whole of the Trades make but one Corporation.
Nairn, in conjunction with the Royal Boroughs of Inverness, Forres, and Fort-
rose, send one Member to Parliament. Its immunities and possessions were
formerly very great, but, through lapse of time, they have been much diminished,
though tbey are still considerable, and are increasing. The Town appears to
have undergone many changes : it was originally situate half a mile at least from
the place where it now stands, and was defended by a Castle, the ruins of which
are so covered by the sea, that the foundations of it arc only visible at Spring
tides. It is a General Post-Office Town; and the Scat of a Presbytery. This
Parish is 8 miles in length, and 6 miles in breadth. Along the coast, the soil is
N A I
sandy ; by the side of the I'iver Nairn, it is clay ; and, in the Southern district^
it is a rich heavy mould. On the North side of the river, tlie ground is level :
but, on the South, it rises with a gradual ascent, terminating at one corner of
the Parish, in The Hill of Urchunij, which is elevated about 5U0 feet above tho
level of the sea. Few customs or carriages are exacted by the Proprietors. The
Grammar School is, and has been in a very flourishing condition for many years
past, the present Master, who is extremely attentive and assiduous, has been re-
markably successful ; and many gentlemen who now make a conspicuous figure
in the World, are indebted to him for the. excellence of their education. The
Salmon fishery on the water of Nairn, is the property of The Earl of Seafield,
and of Mr. Davidson, of Cantray ; who have also a Stell fishery at the mouth of
the river; these fishings are let to two Tacksmen, who drag the river, and the
stell fishings, alternately. James Brodie, Esq.,of i?ro(Z with
a Council of 13 persons, called Trustees, appointed to regulate the police of the
Town: of these Trustees, two are Baillies : one of whom, called the Oldest
Baillie, is chosen annually by the Town Council of Glasgow, and the other
called the Youngest Baillie, is chosen by the Trustees themselves. The Har-
bour is excellent, and the Revenue is considerable. The head Custom-house,
for the trade of Clyde, is established here : the Officers who are employed in it,
and who have the King's Commission or rather a Treasury- Warrant, being a
Collector, a Comptroller, a Land-Surveyor, a Tide Surveyor, a Weigher, 6
Land- Waiters, 17 Tide-Waiters, and 6 Boatmen. In 1774, an elegant Chapel
was built in the suburbs, to which a Stipend is appropriated of £100. per annum.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, together with a large
garden : besides which, there is a School for writing and arithmetic, and another
for English, each of them with a Salary of £'10. Sterling, together with School-
fees. The climate is rainy, but not unhealthy. Around the Town, the surface
is flat, and converted into garden ground, which is in the highest state of cultiva-
tion ; but the mountainous district is exceedingly steep, and barren. Contiguous
to the Town, and near the Eastern shore, stands the ruinous Castle of Newark,
formerly the principal Mansion of the Barony of Finlayston-Maxwell, which,
about the middle of the Fifteenth Century, with divers other lands, came to Sir
Robert Maxwell, of Caldericood,a, younger son of the family of AW«er Po^/ocA,
302
NEW
in right of Elizabeth liis wife, second uaiighter and co-heiress of Sir Robert
Dennieston, of that Ilk. It continued in the possession of the Maxwell family
for several generations, until about the beginning of the Eighteenth Century,
when it was sold by George Maxwell alias Napier, Esq., of Killmahew, to
Mr. William Cockrane, of Killmaronock. At present, it is the property of
Lord Belhaven, having come into his family, as one of the heirs of Hamilton, of
Rose-hall. Mr. Grose has preserved a view of it.
NEW POSSO, V. STOBO.
NEW STEAD, in the District of Melros, and Shire of Roxburgh; in the
Parish of Melros. A Village. See, 3Ielros.
NEW TARBAT, v. KILLMUIR, EASTER.
NEW THORNTON, v. MARY KIRK.
NEWTON, or EAST NEWTON, in the Shire of Edinburgh : formerly a
Vicarage, united to the Vicarage of Wymet, at the Reformation ; the Stipend
of which, in 1811, including 100 merks Scotch, as the Interest of mortified money,
and the allowance for Communion elements, was £'158.. 6.. 8. ; together with a
glebe of 7 acres 1 rood and 31 falls of good arable land, inclosed with a hedge
by John Main, D.D., the Minister: Patron, Wauchope, oi Edmonston : The
Church was built in the year 1742, and is situate nearly in the centre of the
Parish, no part of which can be said to be more than a mile and a half distant
from it: the manse was built in 1749, and stands within less than half a mile of
the Church, towards the East. It is in the Presbytery of Dalkeith, and Synod
of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 1060, and, in 1811, was 1578. It is 2 m. N. W. from Dalkeith. This Parish
is about 2\ miles in length, and \\ mile in breadth : the surface is level, and
the soil tolerably productive : the whole district lies upon coal, which has been
worked here for upwards of two centuries. The Schoolmaster's Salary is 300
merks Scotch, together with School-fees, and perquisites, amounting in the whole
to upwards of £25, per annum.
NEWTON, in the Shire of Elgin ; and in the Parish of Drainy. It is a small
Fishing Village^ situate on the y?/omt/. Firth, at the distance of 7-^^ miles North
from Elgin.
NEWTON, in the District of Cupar, and Shire of Fife : in the Parish of
Falkland. It is f m. E. from Falkland. This is a small Village.
NEWTON, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish ofForgan-Denny. This
is a small Village, situate upon a rising ground, half a mile from the river Earn.
NEW
NEWTON, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Killmadock. It
is I m. S. E. from Doune.
NEWTON, in the Shire of Renfrew: and in the Parish of Mearns. It is
3|: m. N. W. from Eagleshara. This is an improving, manufacturing Village.
NEWTON, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the
Parish of Bedrule. It is a small village, situate S\ m. W. from Jedburgh. This
was anciently the property of a Family of the surname of Ker, who appear to
have been Cadets of Ferny hurst. There was also a House of strength here, now
demolished ; but the beautiful avenues of venerable trees still remaining, bespeak
something of the consequence and taste of its former Inhabitants.
NEWTON DON, v. EDENHAM.
NEWTON HOUSE, v. BLAIR-GOWRIE.
NEWTON-HOUSE, v. CULSALMOND.
NEWTON, LITTLE, in the Shire of Berwick : a Chapel to the Rectory of
Nenthorn. See, Nenthorn.
NEWTON STEWART, or NEWTON DOUGLAS, in the District of
Machers, and Shire of Wigtown; in the Parish of Penningham. It is 98 m.
SW. b. S. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is established here. It is
situate on the Western bank of the river Cren, over which there is a large and
beautiful Bridge, that connects the Shire of Wigtown witli the Stewartry of
Kirkcudbright. The great Road, from Dumfries to Port Patrick, passes through
it ; and it is also a convenient Stage between the Ferry-Town of Cree, and Glen
Luce. This Village owed its origin to a younger branch of the Stewarts, Earls
of Galloway, who possessed the estate of Castle Stewart, and first erected a few
houses upon it, to which he gave the name of Newton Stewart. About the
year 1788, the Superiority of the Village and Estate fell into the hands of
William Douglas, Esq., the same Gentleman who is Proprietor of the Village
of Carlmuark or Castle Douglas: by his patriotic exertions its Population so
greatly increased, that it was soon after erected into a Burgh of Barony, under
the name of Newton Douglas, in honour of the Lord of the Manor. The cotton
manufacture has been introduced with success, under the joint patronage of Mr.
Douglas, and Mr. Dale ; a carpet manufactory is also canned on to a consider-
able extent ; and there are several tan-works. A branch of one of the Paisley
Banks has likewise opened a Counting-House here ; and many circumstances
concur to prove, that, in a short time, Newton Douglas will become a place of
no small consequence.
NEW
NEWTOWN, m the District of Melros, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the
Parish of Melros. A village, 2 m. S. S. E. from Melros. See, Melros.
NEWTOWN, CASTLE, v. GLEN-ISLA.
NEW TOWN of NEW MILL, v. KEITH.
NEWTOWN SHAW, in the Shire of Clackmannan ; and in the Parish of
Clackmannan. This is a very increasing Village, situate on the Estate of Lord
Cathcart. In its immediate neighbourhood, The Devon Company have lately
established extensive Iron vporks.
NEWTOWN tipon AYR, in the District of Kyle, and Shire of Ayr : for-
merly a Chapel of Ease to the Vicarage of Monktown, in which Parish it was
comprehended until the year 1759 ; when The Community of Newtown pur-
chased from Sir William Maxwell, then Patron, the right of electing their own
Minister ; and, with the consent of the Heritors of Monktown, The Lords Com-
missioners of Kirks and Teinds, the Burgh of Newtown was erected into a
separate Parish, and the Church was put upon the establishment: But the Free-
holders of the Burgh are still subject' to all public burdens, and future augment-
ations of Stipends, as heritors of the United Parishes of Monktown and Priest-
wick, and pay their usual proportion of Stipend : the Stipend of Newtown, in
1811, was £65., together with £\0., per annum, in lieu of the Coal below the
glebe : the manse was built in 1787 : the glebe, and garden, consist of4j acres:
Patrons, The Parishioners : The Church was built in 1777. It is in the Presby-
tery of Ayr, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 1724, and, in 1811, was 2809. It is situate on the Northern
bank of the river Ayr, over which there is a stone Bridge that connects it with
the Royal Borough of Ayr. It is a Burgh of Barony or Regality, holding imme-
diately of the Crown, and exercising considerable Baronial Jurisdiction ; all its
ancient privileges having been renewed by James the Sixth, on the 24th of
September 1595. The number of Freemen or Burgesses is limited to 48, which
compose the Community. Each of these Freemen possesses, what is called a
IdOt or Freedom, containing about 4 acres of arable land ; together with the
Common, on which the Burgesses have an exclusive right of pasture. No
houses are annexed to iheae freedoms; but every Burgess must reside in the
Burgh, or possess a house as his property, which he may rent to any of the inhab-
itants. The»Coramunity meet every two years to elect their Magistrates, when
every Freeman has a vote ; and, at this election, they chuse two Baillies, one
Treasurer, and six Counsellors, who have the management of every thing be-
NEW
longino; to the Burgh ; but, on urg-ent occasions, they call meetings of the Cora-
iminily. The riglit of succession to their Freedoms is limited : a son succeeds
to his father; and a widow, not having a son, enjoys the property of her hus-
band as long as she lives : but, as the female line is excluded, the Lots or Free-
doms frequently revert to the Town, who dispose of thera for the benefit of the
Public Fund: each Freedom being valued at £"25. The common Revenue of
the Burgh, exclusive of these Freedoms, is small ; though a considerable profit
has lately been derived from the Coal works on their estate ; but this fund is un-
certain. The Town is situate at a small distance above the place, where the
vessels anchor : the entrance of the harbour has always been precarious, by rea-
son of a bank at the mouth of the river Ayr, formed chiefly by the sand that is
carried down the river by land floods, and, of late years, the access has been
still more difficult : the bed of the river is narrow, and the depth of water, at
spring tides, not above 12 feet ; so that vessels, exceeding 140 tons, cannot be
brought over the 6ar.- Inconsequence of a deplorable calamity, from a violent
storm, in December 1789, two Reflecting lights have since been erected on the
North-East side of the Harbour, which have been found very beneficial, and a
small duty is paid by each vessel on its entrance, for maintaining them. The
principal trade carried on here, is the exportation of coal : and Ship-building
has of late met with particular encouragement. The Parish of Newtown is about
a mile and a half in length, and a mile in breadth, being bounded on the West
by the Firth of Clyde. The coast is mostly flat; and the soil is a light blowing
sand, not very productive. The whole of the Parish is open, and unsheltered.
The pviblic road is in tolerable repair. The fisheries are prosecuted with success.
The air is pure, and healthy. Near the boundary of the Parish, is a Charitable
Institution, caWed King's Case; and which, according to tradition, was founded
by King Robert Bruce, for 8 poor men who were afflicted with the Leprosy;
it was denominated God's Loan to Robert, and now Robert's Loan.^ generally
pronounced Loans, and lying in the Parish of Dundonald, out of which are paid
64 bolls of meal, and 8 merks Scotch, together with some threaves of sti'aw for
thatching the Hospital, payable out of other lands in the Parish of St. Quivox ;
the proportion to each person annually being 8 bolls of meal, and one merk ;
and if there should be but One person in the Hospital, he has a right to the whole
endowment. Sir Thomas 'Wallace, of Craigie, and his ancestors, were in use
to present these per.sons, and to cause an inquiry to be made into their Case be-
fore they were admitted : but, as no diseases of that description now appear,
NEW
persons labouring under diseases which are esteemed incurable, or in indigent
circumstances, are admitted to the Charity. The right of Presentation was sold
some years ago, along with the Estate O-Craigie, by judicial sale, and was pur-
chased by The Town of Ayr.
NEWTYLE, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, Avas £150. : the manse, and offices, were built in 1771 : the
glebe consists of 6 acres : Patron, The Right Honourable James Stewart Wortley
Mackenzie: The Church was built in 1767. It is in the Presbytery of Meigle,
and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, was 781, and, in 1811, was 780. It is 5 m. E. b. N. from Cupar. This
Parish is 1|: mile in length, and about one mile in breadth, stretching along the
Sidlaw Hills. The soil is a mixture of black earth and clay, and of sand and
gravel : it is in general fertile, and well cultivated. The air is dry, and healthy,
except in some marshy places towards the North. Some good marl is obtained
here. The greatest part of the Inhabitants are weavers, and possess each about
six acres of land. Coals, and Peats, are the general fuel. The turnpike roads
are in good repair. Near the village, are the ruins of The Castle of Hatten,
built by Laurence Lord Oliphant, in 1575 : it occupies a very commanding
situation, and the grounds about it are finely adapted for the exercise of taste in
forming a Princely residence. Near these ruins, were until lately some vestiges
of a more ancient Castle, called Tlie Castle o( Balcraig. At Auchtertyre, about
a quarter of a mile from the village, are the traces, very distinct, of the Camp,
where Montrose's army is said to have taken their station for some nights,
while The Marquis himself lodged at a neighbouring Castle, after burning the
house of Newton of Blairgoicrie, then the property of the father of the late Pro-
vost Dkummond of Edinburgh : About a quarter of a mile South from this
Station, were discovered one of those places called Pictish Houses ; it was of
very large dimensions, being curiously and commodiously constructed, and
capable of containing a very considerable quantity of stores : and was probably
used as a safe deposit in times of war. On the summit of Killpirney's Hill, is
a Tower, built by The Lord Privy Seal, as an Observatory, which serves as a
Land-mark, and from whence the prospect is very extensive. Mr. Wortley is
Proprietor of the whole Parish, except two Farms: and it is highly to his honour,
that, on the expiration of his Tenants' leases in 1808, he regarded their happi~
ness too much, to depopulate his Estate, by uniting many small Farms into one,
NEW-YEAR FIELD, v. LIVINGSTON.
N I G
NIBON, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the Parish
of Norlli-Maven, It is situate to tlie Southward, and is appropriated to the pas-
turage of cattle, and sheep.
NIDDERIE MARISHAL, v. LIBERTON.
NIDDRIE, in the Shire of Linlithgow ; and in the Parish of Kirk-Liston.
It is 2 m. W. from Kirk-Liston. This Castle is now in ruins : the Baron of
which was of old the Hereditary Baillie of the Ecclesiastical Regality of Kirk-
Liston. During the reign of David the Second, Alexander Seton granted to
Ade Forest two ploughs of land, in the town of Niddrie.
NIDPATH, V. PEEBLES.
NID'S-DALE, V. NITH'S-DALE.
NIED, or GLEN NIED, in the Shire of Cromarty, though locally situate in
the Shire of Ross ; and in the Parish of Loch Broom. It is situate on the North
shore of Loch Fannich. See, Cromarty.
NIELSTON, V. NEILSTON.
NIGG, in the Shire of Kincardine : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £42..3..1H Sterling, including i?8..6..8. for Communion
elements, the Vicarage of certain fishings, conformable to use and wont,
JE32..2..2I, 17 bolls 3 firlots Ij- peck of meal, 34 bolls 2 firlots If peck of bear,
and £60.. 6.. 4. by Parliamentary augmentation : the manse was built in 1759 :
the glebe consists of 10 acres, which are inclosed : Patron, The Crown: The
Church, which was anciently called St. Fiacer Church, is in decent repair. It
is in the Presbytery, and Synod, of Aberdeen, The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages of The Cove, and Torry) was 1143,
and, in 1811, was 1213. It is 2\ m. S. S. E. from Aberdeen. This Parish is
situate at the North-East extremity of the Shire ; that chain of Mountains, called
Tlie Grampians, terminating at the German Ocean here ; it contains about 3376
acres, of which 1100 are arable. The coast is bold, and rocky : the North East
point, termed The Girdle Ness, is a remarkable Promontory, forming the South
side of the Estuary of the river Dee. The climate is healthy. The granite
Quarries are worked to great extent, and about 3000 tons are annually exported.
In the Villages of The Cove, and Torry, the fisheries ai'e prosecuted with suc-
cess : at the latter is a small Pier, and where the Pilots reside. Fuel is expen-
sive. The Roads are in bad repair. There are both a Ferry, and a Bridge,
over the Dee. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with
a School-house and garden, and some small perquisites. In the month of May,
VOL. II. 3 P
N I G
many persons come from Aberdeen, to drink of a Well in the Bay of Nigg, called
Downy Well; and proceeding a little farther, go over a narrow pass, called Hie
Brigg of ae Hair, io Doicny Hill, a green Island in the Sea, where the young
people cut the names of their favourites in the green sward : this seems to be the
remains of some superstitious respect to the Fountain, and the retreat of a reputed
Saint, now fallen into an innocent amusement. The Bay, from the corruption
probably of the Saint's name, was formerly called St. Fittick's Bay: and, on the
sudden death of their relations, or the fear of it by shipwreck, those who are en-
gaged in the fisheries, especially the females, express their sorrow by loud
exclamations, and violent gestui'es of body. At a place which still retains the
name of Abbots Walls, the ruins of an edifice that belonged to the Abbey of
Arbroath, were discovered ; and near them, a burial ground, and some silver
medals, that were struck on the marriage of Queen M.\ry, in 1559. A spirit of
industry and improvement prevails among all ranks of persons here : and mul-
tures, and embarrassing services, are totally abolished. This Parish compre-
hends Altens, Balnagask, North and South Kirkhill, North and South Loirstown,
Middletown, Tulloes, and Reserved Lands in the Town of Aberdeen.
NIGG, in the Shire of Ross : formerly a Mensal Church, belonging to the
Bishoprick of Ross ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 10 chalders of barley,
with the Vicarage teinds, a good manse, and offices, and a glebe of rather more
than 4 aci'es of excellent land : Patron, The Crown : The Church was built in
1727, and is in good repair. It is in the Presbytery of Tain, and Synod of Ross,
The Resident Population of this Parisii, in 1801, was 1443, and, in 1811, was
1349. It is 3 m. N. from Cromarty. This Parish is about 5 miles in length,
and, in some places, between 2 and 3 miles in breadth, stretching along th«
Northern entrance of the Firth of Cromarty: over which there is a Ferry to that
Town. The Hill ofNigg, which over-hangs the Moray Firth, is bold and rocky ;
and, during the season of incubation, is frequented by prodigious numbers of
birds : a considerable part of it is now covered with thriving plantations. The
soil is light and sandy ; and the seasons are early. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, and perquisites: And the Society for propagating Chris-
tian Knowledge have lately established a School-Mistress here. Near Shand-
wicke House, the property of Mr. Cockburn Ross, is a large Obelisk, with
hieroglyphic figures upon it ; which, according to tradition, commemorates a
dreadful shipwreck of the Danes upon the coast, and in which three sons of the
King of Denmark perished, and were buried there. In the Church-yard, is
N I N
another Obelisk, which is also said to have been erected by the Danes; but, in
1725, it was thrown down by a remarkable storm of wind. At the Point of Nigg,
are the remains of a Fort, called Dimskeath, which, according to Lord Hailes,
was built in 1179, by William the Lion, King of Scotland : and, fhe Farm ad-
joining to it, is still called Castle Craig. On the Farm of Ankerville, more than
a mile from the sea, and nearly 200 feet above its level, is a stratum o( oyster
shells of considerable extent, and above 6 inches in depth : they lie about three
feet below the surface, and underneath them is a stratum of fine sand, like that
on the sea-shore. The multures are exorbitant. Fuel is scarce. The roads
are bad.
NINE STONE RIDGE, v. CASTLE-TOWN.
NINEWARE, in the Shirp of Hadinoton ; and in the Parish of Dunbar.
This is a beautiful Seat of Mr. Hamilton, of Bangour. It is 3 m. W. S. W. from
Dunbar.
NINE-WELLS, v. CHIRNSIDE.
NINIAN'S, ST., in the Shire of Stirling : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was 4 chalders of meal, 2 chalders of bear, £1000. Scotch in
money (of which GOO merks are to be paid to an Assistant Preacher), and
£8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements: Patrons, A Committee of nine, consisting
of three Elders, three Heritors, and three Heads of Families : In 1746, the
Church, which the Highland array had converted into a magazine, was blown
up ; but the steeple remained entire, and now stands at a considerable distance
from the New Church, which was built soon after the destruction of the old one;
and which is in complete repair: About 5 miles South- West from the Church,
the Heritors of the Muir-land part of the Parish have erected a Chapel, where
the Minister or his Assistant usually preach on the first Sunday in every Month.
It is in the Presbytery of Stirling, and Synod of Perth and Stirling. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, (comprising the Villages of Bannock-
Burn, Charters-Hall, Clayhills, Mill-Town, Newhouse, Newmarket, Polmaise,
and Powmill) was 6849, and, in 1811, was 7636. It is ly m. S. from Slh-ling.
This Parish, at a medium, is about 10 miles in length, and 6 miles in breadth ;
but, in one direction, the extremities are 15 or 16 miles asunder ; it is divided
into the carse, dry-field, and rauir lands ; and the greater part of the arable
ground is inclosed, and well cultivated. It is thought, that the Royal Forest of
Dundaff nmsl ha\'e covered the high lands, as they are still called by the name
of TJie Lands of Duiulaff. At the Torr-Wood the Roman Causeway enters
3P2
N I S
this Parish, and passes through it in a INorth-West direction. Near the source
of the Carron are some ruins, which are generally supposed to be the remains of
a Castle, once the residence of Sir John Graham, who fell in the battle of Fal-
kirk, bravely defending the liberty of his country against the ambition of Edward
the First. All the Roads, and Bridges, are in excellent repair. Gillies Hillis
situate in the rauirlands, where the names both of Gillies, and Morison, still
occur; and, as it is certain, that the fair Lady, mother of Gil Morrice, " lived
on the Carron side," it is thouglit, that this Parish was the scene of the Tragi-
cal Song, known by the name oi Gil Morrice, or Child Mater ice which is pro-
bably the original title. This little pathetic tale, according to Mr. Ritson, is
said to have suggested the plot of the tragedy o( Douglas: and Dr. Percy was
assured, that the Ballad is still current in many parts of Scotland, where the
Hero is universally known by the name of Child Maurice, pronounced by the
common people, Cheeld. Here are four Tanneries. There are three Coal worl^,
which supply the adjacent country to a very considerable extent. The Parish
abounds with lime-stone, of a remarkably good quality. The Salary of the Gram-
mar School is 300 merks, besides perquisites amounting to about £'20. more,
and also an excellent dwelling-liouse, school-house, garden, and the ordinary
school-fees. Beaton'' s Mill, the house where James the Third was put to death,
is still standing, and may be ranked amongst the numerous monuments of that
ambition, which often endangered, and, in the end, ruined the Royal Family of
Stuart. The late Robert Henry, D. D., one of the Ministers of The Old
Church in Edinburgh, and Author of "^ History of Britain, on a neic Plan,"
was a Native of this Parish : this laborious work has merited the public appro-
bation by the large editions which have been printed in a Quarto and Octavo
form : in his private character Dr. Henry was an amiable man, fond of .society;
and in his clerical conduct, he was exemplary and devout : he died in Edinburgh,
in the month of November 1790. There are many elegant Residences, particu-
larly Sauchie, the Seat of The Honourable Major Hamilton ; — and Touch-
Adam, the seat of William Murray, Esq.
NINIAN'S, ST., ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of
the Parish of Dunross-Ness. Between this Isle and the Mainland, is safe anchor-
age for small Vessels.
NISBET, in the Shire of Hadington ; and in the Parish of Pencaitland. A
Village, at the distance of 3| m. S. E. from Tranent.
NISBET, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh : The Church
NOR
was demolished many years ago, but its Cemetery is still used by the old Fami-
lies. It is one of the Parishes, now included in the Union of Crailing. Nisbet
is famous, by tradition, for being a strong-hold of some of the ancient marauders
of the Border. By the forfeiture of William Soules in the reign of Robert the
First, the Barony of Nisbet became the property of Walter, the Steward of
Scotland : and, in 1371, the Baronies of Nisbet, and Ednara, were granted by
Robert the Second to Sir Robert Erskine, ararf Christian de Keth, his spouse.
There are the ruins of two strong Towers at the Village of Nether Nisbet, where
stones of excellent workmanship are occasionally dug up. This Parish also
deserves to be mentioned, on account of its antiquity, and the singularity of its
tenure ; — that the Proprietor of the Barony of Crailing is bound to furnish a
Guard of his own Vassals, for the Circuit Court of Justiciary, when it meets at
Jedburgh : On this account, there is annexed to that Barony, the property of
some acres of land at Lanton, in the Parish of Jedburgh, which is called " The
Crowner's Lands." See, Crailing.
NITH'S-DALE, the Western District or Stewartry of the Shire of Dumfries :
and is so named from the river Nith, which flows through it. It formerly gave
the title of Earl to the family of Maxwell, attainted for their concern in the
Rebellion in 1715. Here are various Roman remains.
NOBLE-FARM, v. CARDROSS.
NOLTLAND, CASTLE, v. WESTRAY, ISLAND.
NORAN-SIDE, HOUSE, v. FEARN.
NORMAN-DIKES, in the District of Aberdeen, and Shire of Aberdeen : in
the Parish of Peter Culter. This is a large Roman Camp, situate on the North
side of the river Dee ; and is considered by Mr. Chalmers, who has given a plan
of it, as the Devana, Statio, of Richard of Cirencester.
NORMAN'S LAW, v. FLISK.
NORNOUR, one of The Scilly Islands. This is a very small Island, con-
taining only 13 acres. It is situate to the North-Eastward of St. Mary's.
NORRISTON, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Kincatdine. It
is 10 m, N. W. from Stirling. Here is a Chapel of Ease, with a Stipend of
£30. Sterling, and 40 bolls of bear or meal, together with a glebe, and manse
built in 1774 : The Presentation is in the majority of the examinable persons,
with the consent of the Minister of Kincardine. This is an improving Village,
situate on the great road from Stirling to the Fort of Inversuaid. It compre-
hends, with the Village of Thornhill, the detached part of the Parish.
NOR
NORTH BARR, v. INCH-INNAN.
NORTH ESK, v. LOGIE.
NORTH FERRY, v. QUEEN'S FERRY, NORTH.
NORTHFIELD, v. COLDINGHAM.
NORTHFIELD, in the Shire of Hadington ; and in the Parish of Preston
Pans. Here is a Seat of Mr. Syme, the principal Proprietor of those lands.
NORTH-MAVEN, in the Mainland, and in the Shire of Orkney and
Shetland : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 55y lambs
of Teind, 881 ling, 61| lispunds of butter, corn Teind in the drawn sheaf
valued at £13ii2...5-|-, and corn Teind in money £4.. 11. .8. ; but tliere is no valu-
ation of the Teinds, and the drawn Teind must be variable : the glebe is situate
in four different places, each three miles distant from the manse, and three
merks-land, which are contiguous to it: Patron, Lord Dundas : There have
been two Churches in this Parish, each of them nearly in the middle of it, one
on the East and the other on the West side : the former has been in ruins since
the year 1761 ; the latter, at Hillsicick, is now the only place of Public Worship ;
it was re-built in the year 1733, and repaired in 1764 : the Manse, which is also
at Hillswick, was built in 1768, but not being completed, it had repairs in 1790,
and is now pretty commodious. The Rev. William Jack, the Incumbent, be-
cause of the vast distance that many persons are from HUlsivick, preaches three
or four times a year at the North, and most distant part of the Parish, and also
at Ollaberry, on the East side, the former place of Worship. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Shetland, and Synod of Orkney. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 2045, and, in 1811, was 2024. It is a Peninsula, united
to the Parish ofDeltingby a narrow Isthmus, about 100 yards broad at high
water, called Mavis-grind ; but so low, that, at high spring tides, it is almost
covered by the sea : from this narrow isthmus the ground rises nearly perpen-
dicularly. This Parish is 16 computed miles from North to South, and 8 miles
from East to West : its shores are very uneven, being intersected with numerous
inlets of the sea, called Voes, which afford safe harbours for the Fishing boats :
the principal Bay, called St. Magnus Bay, is on the South side of the Parish,
and leads to the Harbour and Creek of Hillmcick, where there is safe and excel-
lent anchorage, for any number of vessels, or of any burden ; having good moor-
ings from 7 to 20 fathoms water : here is a large and commodious beach for
drying fish, with good warehouses, and salt, and lish cellars, and every other
necessary accommodation ; from this Creek, all the fish caught in the Parish,
NOR
are loaded for exportation. The Climate is mild, equal, and temperate ; and
the air is pure, and healthy in all seasons. High and sudden winds are frequent.
Rdna's Hill, on the West side of the Parish, is elevated 3944 feet above the
level of the sea, and is a well known landmark. This Parish is surrounded on
all sides with small Islands, Holms, and Rocks ; but only one of these Islands
is inhabited, which is called Larnba, and is situate to the Eastward. The cul-
tivated lands in this Parish, as well as in all Shetland, are scattered spots, en-
vironed either by deep mosses, or by thin bare grounds, from whence the
moss has been taken for peats, or by steep hills covered with heath and naked
rocks: these cultivated spots are called Rooms, which have, at an early period
been divided into merks, but not equally : the value of each merk, being ascer-
tained by the number of pennies of rent by which it is denominated. Besides
the various payments and stipulations of the Tenants to the Grantees of the
Crown, the Incumbent is paid Cow and Sheep teind, and a composition of 15
lings for every six oared boat, and 10 lings for every four oared boat ; and further,
the tenant pays to the Proprietor a Hen and Cock for evers' two merks land, and
three days work to the Proprietor, and as many to the Minister, being maintained
during that time. The cultivated lands bear a very small proportion to the hills
and pas'ure ground. In the winter, the sheep and horses feed on sea-weed, and
endure all the rigour of the season without shelter. A legal School was estab-
lished here, in 1772, with a Salary of 300 merks, raised by 2s. Sd. Scotch on the
merk-land. Here are the remains of several Pic fs' Houses. The Ward-Hills,
or Watch-Houses, are built within sight of the sea, and one or more within
sight of each other : besides the purpose to which they might have been applied,
in giving an alarm in times of danger, they are also supposed to have been used,
to apprise and collect the inhabitants in the vicinity, when any shoals of small
whales appeared ; and they are still appropriated to that purpose in The Taica
Islands. The Northernmost point of the Parish is a small Peninsula, inclosed
by a stone fence, called Fetheland ; and about three miles from thence, are
three high rocks called Rnmna- Stacks.
NORTH, and SOUTH POLE, v. DRIMSYNIE.
NORTH WATER BRIDGE, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of
Logie-Pert This is a small Village, on the banks of the North-Esk, over which
here is a good stone Bridge of three arches, that connects the Counties of For-
far, and Kincardine.
NORTH WITHEL, or ARWOTHEL, one of The Scillv Islands.
This Island contains only 10 acres, and was the ^^rsf grant of Queen Elizabeth.
N O S
NORTH WOODSIDE, within the Jurisdiction of The City of Glasgow,
and Shire of Lanark : in the Barony Parish : Here is a Chapel of Ease, sup-
ported at the sole expense of Mr. William Gillespie ; and also a Charity
School, maintained by the same benevolent Gentleman, for the instruction of the
Children attending his Cotton-mill. This is a populous Village.
NORTON, V. RATHO.
NORWICK, BAY, v. UNST, ISLAND.
NOSS-HEAD, V. WICK.
NOSS, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the Parish
of Bressay. It is situate on the South-East side of that Parish, and is one of
the best and most fertile in Shetland, yielding particularly fine milk and butter
for the table. Sailors unacquainted with the Coast, especially in thick weather,
and in dark nights, are ready to mistake the opening between the Islands of
Bressay and Noss, for the entrance to Bressay Sound : who, if they come too
near the rocks, are in danger of being dashed to pieces. A Light upon Noss
Head, which would be seen at a great distance, might prevent such disasters :
it could be erected at no great expense ; and it is a matter of such serious im-
portance, that it deserves the most particular attention of Government. Near
the Island of Noss, there is a Rock or Holm, perpendicular on all sides, and
about 150 feet high : the opposite rock on the Island is nearly of equal height,
and distant from the other about 240 feet. This Holm, which is quite level on
the top, produces excellent grass, which maintains several sheep during the
summer : and by means of ropes which are stretched across, from one side to tlie
otlier, and upon which a wooden cradle slides along, a safe conveyance is effected
between the Island and the Holm : this far-famed cradle, has liere been em-
ployed beyond the memory of man ; and is mounted and dismounted twice a
year, in order to save the rope or cable from the effect of the weather. The Isle
of Noss is wholly the property of Mr, Mowat, of Garth ; it forms one large Farm,
and is let at the annual rent of £40..5..0., the tenant being allowed to exert
himself in the fisliing of tusk and ling for his own emolument. The Peak of
Noss is a lofty eminence in the neighbourhood of The Holm : upon Charts, this
Peak is named HangcUff, — a name unknown to the natives, and which, it is be-
lieved, was first imposed by The Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, when on
his voyage to Iceland : it is perhaps more than twice the height of Noss Holm,
and yet from the sea to the summit, the rock is perfectly mural: at some points,
however, even the timid may advance without difficulty so as to behold the white
foam of the waves at its base, which here seem diminutive and noiseless: tliis
OAT
Cliff is composed of many successive sand-stone strata, and is the resort of
scarfs or corvorants. Noss Head or Hant/chJ/' Point is in the Latitude of
60° 9' North.
NOVANTUM CHERSONESUS, of Richard of Cirencester, v. KIRK-
MAIDEN.
NUN-GATE, a considerable Suburb of the Town of Iladinfjton, v. IIAD-
INGTON.
NUN-LANDS, v. FOULDEN.
NUN-RAW, V. GARVALD.
NUT-HOLM-HILLS, v. MUNGO, ST.
NYBSTER, V. WICK.
o.
OaTII-LAW, in the Shire of Forfar: formerly a Vicarage, the .Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £1050. Scotch, 3 chalders of grain, and a garden a id
glebe oflj acres : the offices are in good repair, and the manse was re-built in
1812 : Patron, James Ford, Esq., of Findhaven, who is Proprietor of four-fifths
of the Parish : The Church is nearly in ruins. It is in the Presbytery of Forfar,
and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, was 384, and, in 1811, was 355. It is 4 ra. N. from Forfar, This Parish
is about 5 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth, and is watered by the river
South Esk. The general appearance is flat, rising towards the South to the
summit of the hill of Findhaven, which is elevated 1500 feet above the level of
the adjacent country ; and upon which are the vestiges of a vitrified Fort.
There were formerly the remains of a large rectangular Camp, supposed to be
the Roman Station Ad JEsicam, the site of which includes nearly the whole
Vdxxa, ca\\&A Battle-Dykes, now pronounced Black-Dykes: General Rov has
preserved a plan of it, pi. 13. The soil is partly clay, and partly muiry : and
the climate is cold, and moist. According to tradition, this was part of a great
Forest, called The Forest of Claton, which extended from Fiiidhaven to Kirrie-
Muir, about the distance of six miles. Some centuries ago, a great part of this
County was in the possession of the Lindsays, whose Chief, The Earl of Craw-
ford, had his residence at Findkaven.
VOL. II, 3 Q
O C H
OBAN, in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Aroyle ; and in the Parish of
Killmore: Here is a Chapel of Ease. It is 126 m. W. b. N. from Edinburgh.
A General Post-Office is established here. This is a large and increasing Vil-
lage, situate on a fine Bay, in the Sound of Mull, and protected from the fury
of the Atlantic Ocean by the Island of Kerera. From the combination of many
favourable circumstances, and its excellent harbour and roadstead (which has
excellent anchorage in from 12 to 14 fathoms), it promises to become a place of
great trade, and a central Market for the Western Highlands, and the middle
district of the Western Isles. Here is a Custom-House. . The Salary of the
School, which is in a flourishing condition, is £'20. per mmum, together with a
good School-house, and other considerable emoluments. The great roads lead-
ing to and from it are in excellent repair. About two miles to the Southward,
is the Ferry, which is scarcely a mile broad, to the Island o? Kerrera ; and from
thence, about eight or ten miles, to Achnacraig in The Isle of Mull. See, Jura,
Island.
OCEAN SKERRY, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the
Parish of North-Maven. This is a large, high rock, situate about two miles
from the W^estern shore, and is a good direction for ships from the North, if in
want of a Harbour : and under it the Fishing boats, with an Easterly wind, are
glad to reach a place, that affords them an opportunity to rest upon their
oars.
OCETIS, Insida, of Richard of Cirencester, v. ED AY, ISLAND.
OCHIL HILLS, or THE OCHELS, a range of lofty Mountains of equal
extent with the Grampians, stretching between the Tay and the Forth. They
afford excellent pasture for numerous flocks of sheep, and herds of cattle ; they
contain various minerals, and, in several places, have the appearance of an
igneous origin. According to General Roy, these are the Uxella Mons of
Richard of Cirencester ; and derive their name from the British word Uchel,
which signifles high or lofty. See, Lowlands.
OCHILTREE, in the District of Kyle, and Shire of Ayr: formerly a Vicar-
age, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse is in decent repair:
the glebe consists of more than the legal extent : Patrons, The Heirs of Lady
Glencairn: The. Church was lately re-built. It is in the Presbytery of Ayr, and
Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 1308, and, in 1811, was 1548- It is Sf m. W. b. N. from Old Cumnock.
This Parish is about 6 miles in length, and 5 miles in breadth, stretching along
O G S
the banks of the rivers Lugar, and Burnock. The surface is pretty level, undu-
lated by o-ently rising hills; the soil is chiefly a strong clay, and is abundantly
productive. Many of the lands of (StoV, which was formerly included in this
Parish, still continue to pay Stipend to the Minister of Ochiltree. The Salary of
the Parochial School, which is in a flourishing condition, is SOOmerks, together
with School-fees, and a garden. The great road, from Ayr to Dumfries, passes
through the Village. Ochiltree formerly gave the title of Baron to a branch of
the Noble family of Stuart, now dormant. There are tlie ruins of three old
Castles, the property of The Earl of Glencairn.
OCHILTREE MILL, v. LINLITHGOW.
OCHTERARDER, v. AUCHTERARDER.
OCIITERTYRE, v. MONIVAIRD.
OGGERSTON, in the Shire of Stirling : and in the Parish of Balfron. Ac-
cording to Keith, here was a Fort and Barony belonging to The Kniglits Tem-
plars, founded by David the First.
OGLEFACE, i;. TORPHICHEN.
OGSTON, in the Shire of Elgin : an ancient Parish, now constituting part
of the Parish of Drainy : The old Church here, which was a Mensal Church, and
dedicated to St. Peter, was re-built some time ago with great taste, in the
Gothick style, by the family of Gordonstown, and is now their Burying-place.
It is 6 m. N. b. W. from Elgin. Gordonstoum, the fine seat of the ancient Baronet
Family of Gordon, was purchased from The Marquis of Huntley, in 1639. Sir
William Alexander, of3Ienstry, having undertaken to plant a Colony in Nova
Scotia, in North America, in the year 1621, was joined in that enterprise by
the Earls Marischal, Melrose, and Nid's-dale, Viscount Duplin, and the
Lairds of Lochinvar, Lesmore, Clunie, and Gokdonstown. For their en-
couragement, the King granted them severally, large districts of land in that
Country, and proposed to create a new Title of Honour which should be Hered-
itary. This Order was erected in 1625, and besides the privileges common to
the Order, Sir Robert Gordon's Patent, which is dated the 28th of May
1625, declares. That he is the First Knight of the Order, and that no one has
had, or ever shall have the precedence oi' h'lm : and 16,000 acres of laud in
Nova Scotia were granted to him and his heirs, with ample privileges. The
Knights Baronets had also successively the like privileges, until the French took
possession of that Province ; after which there is no mention of lands in any of
the Patents.
3Q2
OLD
OLA, or OLAUS, ST., in the Island of Pomona, and in the Shire of Orkney
«nf/ Shetland : an ancient Parish, now united to the Borousrh of Kirkwall. The
Resident Population of this Parish^ in 1801, was 700, and, in 1811, was 568.
See, Kirkicall.
OLD CASTLE, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of Aberdeen: in the
Parish of Slains. It is 7 m. E. from Ellon. This is a small Fishing Village, on
the German Ocean.
OLD CRAIG CASTLE, v. PETERHEAD.
OLDHAMSTOCKS, partly in the Shire of Hadington, and partly in the
Shire of Berwick; formerly a Rectoi-y, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
£158.. 6.. 8. Sterling in money, including Communion elements, together with a
manse, and a glebe of 4 Scotch acres, of no great value : Patron, Hunter, of
Thurston: The Church was built about the year 1701, and is in good repair.
It is in the Presbytery of Dunbar, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. It
is7m. SE b. E. from Dunbar. The Village, and Church, stand upon the
high bank of a rivulet, which is called at this place, The Dean Burn, though,
a little below, it is named the Dunglas-Burn. The Resident Population of this
Parish was.
In 1801. In 1811.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Hadinaflon, - 466.
"^ ' 602.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Berwick, - 109.
1
575. 602.
This Parish is about 6 miles in length, and from two to three miles in breadth :
the ground rises gradually from the Sea-coast towards the Lammer Muir Hills,
where the surface is hilly, and fit only for sheep pasture. On the coast, the soil
is dry and fertile. The Climate is healthy. The Village is finely situate on the
German Ocean, as a Fishing station. In the lower part of the Parish are lime-
stone, free-stone, iron-stone, and coals; the latter of which were formerly worked.
The Schoolmaster's salary is 300 merks, together with the school wages which
are very low, and a house and small garden. Dunglass, the Seat of Sir James
Hall, Bart., is an elegant modern building on the West side of the small river,
which divides East Lothian from the Shire of Berwick. The banks of the river
are steep, and covered with remarkably fine wood, through which a variety of
agreeable walks are cut, and kept in good repair. The Castle of Dunglass is
frequently mentioned in the Scottish histories. It belonged, for many years, to
O L R
the ancestors of The Earl of Home, and from licnce His Lordship has tlie second
title of Bahon. It was here that James the Sixth lodged with his retinue, the
first night after he left Edinburgh, on his journey to London, in 1603: and on
his return, he was again received here, on the 17th of May 1617. This fdit was,
by accident or treachery, bloM'n up in the year 1640, when Lord Hadington,
and a number of the neighbouring gentlemen, perished in its ruins. It was made
a Burgh of Barony, in 1489. The present Mansion is erected on the spot, where
the Castle stood. Near it is the old Collegiate Church of Dunglass, which was
built in 1450, by Sir Thomas Home, of that Ilk, and though not now used for
the purpose for which it was originally intended, is still kept in good repair: it
was founded for a Provost, and several Prebendaries. The lands oi' Butterdean,
a detached part of this Parish, are situate on the North side of the river Eye, at
a considerable distance in the Shire of Berwick.
OLD-LISTON, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Kirk-
Listou. A Hamlet, situate on the South- East side of the river Anion.
OLDNEY, ISLAND, off the Western Coast of Sutherland ; and in the
Parish of Assint. This Island is about a mile in length, and about a quarter of
a mile in breadth, and constitutes part of the farm of Oldney, of which it is a
fifth or sixth part of the yearly, value.
OLD WALLS, V. DRYFE'S-DALE.
OLD W ARK, CASTLE, v. SELKIRK.
OLGANG BEG, v. HALKIRK.
OLIVER CASTLE, v. TWEEDS-MUIR.
OLLABERRY, v. NORTH-MAVEN.
OLRICK, in the Shire of Caithness : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
v»'hich, in 1811, consists principally of victual, and is reckoned about £70. Sterl-
ing, beside a glebe of 8 acres, of tolerably good land : the manse, and offices,
are in good condition : Patron, Sir John Sinclair, Bart. : The Church was bivilt
about the year 1633, and is in bad repair. It is in the Presbytery of Caithness,
and Synod of Caithness and Sutherland. The Resident Population of this Par-
ish, in 1801, was 1127, and, in 1811, was 1042. It is 5 ra. E. S. E. from Thurso.
"This Parish is about 4 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth on an average.
The surface, though not level, is not diversified by any remarkable eminences :
the uncultivated parts are wholly green, and equally clear both of heath and
rock : in the Southern parts, are a number of little hills, which afford the most
O N C
luxuriant pasture for cattle in the Summer months, and natural hay for their
support in winter : towards the sea, the whole is one continued tract of rich cul-
tivated soil. The oats of this Parish are in high estimation : and, by the exam-
ple and encouragement of James Traill, Esq., oi Hobhester, Sheriff-Depute of
the County, agriculture has lately been much improved here. Moss is not very
abundant ; and the vvant of good peat fuel may be reckoned one of the greatest '
inconveniences under which the Inhabitants labour. Alonff the sea-coast, and
towards the rising grounds, the air is pure and salubrious ; but, in the neigh-
bourhood of the marshes, it is unhealthy. The Loch o^Duran, which is nearly
three miles in circumference, is very capable of being drained. The Salary of
the Parochial School is 300 raerks, besides School-fees, and perquisites. The
coast is rugged and shelving, but not bold ; and the Bay o( 3Iurkle might easily
be made an excellent harbour, and at no great expense ; all kinds offish abound
here, and the cod and ling fisheries are prosecuted with considerable success.
Limestone, free-stone, grey slates of a light durable kind, and blue flags of an
uncommonly good quality, are in plenty. Here are the remains of several Picts'
Houses; and on the summit of the Hill of Olrick, are evident vestiges of an
ancient Watch-Tower, from whence the prospect is very extensive. Murkle or
Mart-Hill, the Seat of Sir Robert Sinclair, Bart., is supposed to take its name
from a great battle fought there between the Danes and the Natives, in which
the latter were victorious : There were formerly great buildings here, which
were supposed to be those of an ancient Nunnery; and Torf^.us says, that a
Queen o{ Norn- ay lived some time at Murkle; it was a Seat of the late Earl of
Caithness. Castle-Hill, the residence of Mr. Traill, is so called from an old
Castle, of which scarcely a vestige is now discernible ; and from the rising pros-
perity of the Tenantry on this estate, owing solely to the humane and judicious
conduct of the Proprietor, it may be hoped, that every Heritor in Caithness,
will adopt similar measures for the improvement of their estates, and the happi-
ness of their people.
OMISTON-HILL, v. KIRK-NEWTON.
OMOA IRON WORKS, v. SHOTTS.
ONCAN, in The Isle of Man : The Church is dedicated to St. Onca, the
mother of St. Patrick, and in the Church-yard the Aliens who die in Douglas are
usually interred. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1792, was 690.
It is 25 ra. E. N. E. from Douglas This is a pleasant and airy Village ; and,
O R D
from the high groiirul, commands a fine view of the sea, which is frequently en-
livened by Coal brigs trading belwccii Cumberland and Dublin, and by smaller
vessels sailing in and out of Douglas harbour.
OrSAY, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it con-
stitutes part of the Parish of Harris, and is situate in the Sound. It is uninhabited.
ORANSAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, v. BRACADALE.
ORANSAY, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, v. SLEAT.
ORCADES, the ancient name of The ORKNEY ISLANDS.
ORCHARD NOOK, v. RIIYND.
ORD, The, in the Shire of Caithness. According to Mr. Nimmo, the Shire
of Caithness is divided from the Shire of Sutherland by an elevated chain of hills,
running nearly parallel to the rivers Hallowdale and Helmsdale, and terminating
in the Mountain, named The Onl. This range commences in the Parish of Reay ;
nearly halfway between the Kirk of Reay and the river Hallowdale, in a ridge
called Drim Hallistin, the boundary proceeds Southwards by the summit level to
the sources of the rivers Halloicdale, Forse, and TImrso, where it meets the cen-
tral chain of Sutherland. Continuing in this direction, we find Strath Elbe in
the Shire of Sutherland, and the waters of Langtvcll and Berriedale in the Shire
of Caithness. The Boundary, therefore, proceeds along the ridge parallel to
and about three miles distant from the Helmsdale river, by the summits of
Morbheim Scurabein, &c., to The Ord. At The Ord, there is a tract o^ disputed
ground. Both sides claim " The Burn of the Ord," as their Boundary ; and the
question is, which of two streams is to be considered as this Burn 1 It was
lately the subject of a Lawsuit between the parties. Beneath this Cape are
immense caves, the resort of seals, and sea-fowls ; and the sides and summit
being chiefly covered wi}h heath and morassy earth, give it a black and melan-
choly aspect. An excellent line of road has been made under the auspices of
The Parliamentary Commissioners, from The Ord of Caithness to Dunbeath,
and from thence to the town of Wick, a distance of 34^ miles.
ORDEQUHILL, i. e. The Hollow beside the Height, in the Shire of Banff :
formerly a Chapelry, the Stipend of which, in 1811, including the glebe, was
Jibout £70. Sterling: the manse, and offices, are in bad repair: Patron, The
Earl of Seafield, who pqiys most of the Stipend, although he has not an acre of
ground in the Parish : The Church was built about the year 1622, on the spot
where then stood St. Mary's Chapel, and is now in a ruinous state. It is in the
Presbytery of Fordyce, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of
O R K
this Parish, in 1801, (containing the Village of Cornhill) was 510, and, in 1811,
was 521. It is 11 ra. S. W. from Banff. This was formerly a Chapelry in the
Parish of Fordyce, where Divine Service was performed once a Month : and
seems to have been erected into a separate Parish, about the year 1622. It is
about 4 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth : the face of the country is wildly
beautiful, and corresponds exactly with the signification of the name given to it :
about two-thirds of the Parish are arable, the remainder being partly covered
with heath. The soil is, in general, deep, and good, but cold and wet at the
bottom. Many extensive Plantations have of late been made by Sir Ernest
Gordon, Bart., oi Park, who is sole Proprietor, and is generally resident; and
whose elegant and commodious Mansion is fitted up in a superior style. Here
are several excellent Mineral wells, which were formerly much frequented ; and
one of them, being dedicated to The Virgin Mary, was, at certain seasons, greatly
resorted to by the superstitious, as well as the sick. The air is particularly
salubrious; and the inhabitants are healthy, hospitable, and industrious. The
peat mosses are very extensive. Near the Village of Cornhill, during the Sum-
mer Heason, there are annually holden some well frequented Markets. The
Salary of the Schoolmaster is 300 merks, and a rood of land, together with
School-fees, and a few small perquisites. Servitudes are exacted. The Knock
Hill, which is elevated about 2500 feet above the level of the sea, is a well
known landmark to the Vessels that trade in the Moray Firth ; the Parishes of
Grange, Fordyce, and Ordequhill, meet on its summit ; and, on the very spot of
their union, is a terminus or mark, from whence is one of the most grand, beau-
tiful, and variegated Prospects North of the Tweed : this is supposed to be the
real Mons Grampiiis, of Richard of Cirencester. Mr. Walter Goodall,
author of " A Defence of Mary Queen of Scots," published in 1750 in two
volumes 8vo., was a native of this Parish: and he also assisted Mr. Thomas
RuDDiMAN, in several of his productions. The new turnpike road between
Portsoy, and Huntley, runs through this Parish.
ORINSAY, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it constitutes
part of the Parish of North Uist. This is an Island only at high water, and is
half a mile long. The soil is sandy for the most part, but fertile in favourable
seasons.
ORKNEY, ISLANDS, these are the Orcades of the ancients, and form the
Southern division of Thf.Nortuern Isles of Scotland, being separated from the
Main-land by the Pentland Firth. These Islands are upwards of thirty in number ;
O R K
but many of ihcm arc uninhabited, being small, and appropriated to the past-
urage of Sheep. The whole District is divided into 27 Parishes ; the Resi-
dent Population of which, in 1801, was 24,445, and, in 1811, was 23,238.
Agriculture is much neglected here, on account of the fisheries, and the manu-
facture of kelp. The climate is moist and cold, and during the winter months any
communication between them and the Main-land is very precarious. Game is
abundant ; eagles are numerous, and the King's Falconer visits the Islands
annually, for the young hawks and falcons. The coast aljounds with fish of all
kinds ; and the precipices, during the season of incubation, swarm with myriads
of sea-fowls. The language is English, with the Scottish pronunciation and
idiom. The Heritable property may be considered as divided into, First, The
King's Lands, — Secondly, The Kirk Lands, — and, Thirdly, Udal Lands. The
rents of the first, being demesne lands, were anciently paid to the Sovereign ;
but these, in process of time, were feued by the Crown in parcels to Tenants,
for payment of the old Rental. The Kirk Lands were in similar circumstances,
having been feued from the Church by Ecclesiastics or Churchmen, at the for-
mer Rental. The Udalis a peculiar tenure for softie of the Crown Lands,
which prevails only in The Barony of The Four Toions o( Lochmnbcn, and in The
Islands of Orkney «wc/ Shetland. The lands which are hoidcn by this tenure,
are said to have been granted by Olaus, one of the Norwegian kings, upon con-
dition of receiving one-ords, Jord, Land, and i^ior. Fire: and
this Etymology is the more probable, as the Parish of Orphir serves the neigh-
bouring towns of Kirkwall and Stromness with a species of Peats, distinguished
by the name of Yarjb, i. e. Fire-land, or earth fit for burning : and to the present
day, there is a House and District called Yarfo, from its neighbourhood to a
large moss of this description. A Harbour, fit only for small ships, at Howton,
is the only one in the Parish ; but it has acquired celebrity from being the scene
of some remarkable transactions, when the Parish contained the Palace, and was
the chief residence of Earl Paul, and other ancient Counts of Orkney. From
the high ground to the North, called The Wart or Warder Hill, and near the
place where that Palace is supposed to have been situate, there is a view as
extensive as it is pleasant. The shore, except in the Bays, is in general bold,
O 11 w
consisting of rocks from 40 to 50 feet high, and composed partly of whin, but
chiefly of free-stone : and the water, within a gun-sliot of the shore, is from 12
to 20 fathoms deep. Here are a. few Slates, of an inferior quality, and some
excellent Flags : some coal-stone lias been discovered, and there is abundance of
iron-ore, but no attempts have been made to work them: there is plenty of blue-
stone, fit for building, and also of free-stone beautifully variegated. There are
numerous Barrows or Tumuli, but none of them have been opened. Here is a
Parochial School, the salary of which is 300 merks, and a small House. The
false Weights and Measures of this County have long been a source of grievance
and complaint ; and, in no instance, is the oppression more glaring than in the
measure of Peats paid here by tlie Tenants, under the denomination o{ a. Fathom.
The ancient Proprietors of this Parish were the Halcros, the Sinclairs, and the
Stewarts. The only considerable Proprietor at present is William Honyman,
Esq., of Grcemsay, a Gentleman possessed of the largest property in this County,
next to Lord Dundas, and lineally descended from Andrew Honyman, Bishop of
Orkney, whom he has the honour to represent. In the Church-yard are the re-
mains of an ancient Building, called The Girth- House , to which groat antiquity
is ascribed. It is a Rotundo of 18 feet in diameter, and 20 feet high ; open at
the top ; and, on the East side, is a vaulted concavity, where probably the Altar
stood, with an opening in the wall to admit the light; two-thirds of it have been
taken down to repair the Parish Church : the walls are thick, and consist of stones,
strongly cemented with lime : from its resemblance to the Pantheon, some per-
sons have ascribed this building to the Romans ; but, in all probability, it has
been a Popish Chapel, dedicated by the Piety of its founder to some favourite
Saint. For his unwearied endeavours to improve the Morals, and to cultivate
the minds of his Parishioners, The Reverend Mr. Liddell, the present worthy
Minister, deserves the best thanks of the Public ; and especially for his manly and
patriotic proceedings in the suppression of the baneful practice o( Smuggling here.
ORR, V. URR.
ORREA, V. CAPUTH.
ORREA, Urbs, of Richard of Cirencester, v. BERTHA.
ORWELL, in the Shire of Kinross: formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £150. Sterling: the manse is in bad repair: the glebe
consists of 8 Scotch acres, of good land : Patron, Mr. Graham, of Kinross : The
Church is in decent condition. It is in the Presbjlery of Dunferralin, and Synod
of Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 2036, and, in
O X N
1811, was 2113. It is 1^ m. N. from KinToss. This Parish is generally known
by the name of the Village, Milln-atluvart, which is perfectly expressive of its
real situation ; a mill being placed upon a small rivulet, which nearly divides it
into two equal parts. It is between 5 and 6 miles in length, and about 5 miles
in breadth: the greater part of the surface is flat, rising gradually towards the
Ochil Hills: the soil is mostly fertile, and nearly two-thirds are inclosed. Thera,
are four free-stone Quarries, of a good quality. The public Roads, and Bridges,
are in excellent order. The Qtiiech is the largest rivulet ; which, flowing from
the West, terminates in Loch Leven. The Salary of the Parochial School is
300 merks Scotch, together with School-fees and emoluments, and a School-
house and room, built in 1769. The climate is very salubrious. Coals are the
fuel principally used ; and which are brought from Kelty, about 6 miles distant.
In the Eastern part of the Parish, near the foot of the Lomond Hills, are the
ruins of Tlie Castle of Burleigh, formerly the residence of the Lords Burleigh,
and which appears to have been a place of great strength.
ORTON, V. ROTHES.
OSNABURGH, in the District of Cupar, and Shire of Fife : in the Parish
of Cupar. This is a neat small Village, three miles East from Cupar, on th©
road to St. Andrew's.
. OSWALD'S, ST., CHAPEL, v. CARLUKE.
OTTER, V. KILL-FINAN.
OTTIRVORE, HARBOUR, v. GRISKAY, ISLAND.
OUTLAW WELL, v. ARDCLACH.
OVERBIE, V. ESK-DALE-MUIR.
. OVER-CAUSEWAY, v. ESK-DALE-MUIR.
OXNA, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the
Parish of Titigwall. It is a small, inhabited Isle.
OXNAM, nncienthj OXE^H AM, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of
Roxburgh : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 30 bolls
of barley, 21 bolls 1 firlot \\ stone of oat-meal, Teviotdale measure, and
£30..2..2y\ Sterling in money ; together with a glebe, measuring 12 English
acres ; besides which, the Minister has claim to the Vicarage Tythcs of three
Slock Farms, lately under litigation before The Court of Session : Patrons, The
King, and The Marquis of Lothian: The Church, which was built in 1738, has
undergone considerable alterations, and is in pretty good repair : The Manse
was built about the same time, and has often been repaired at a great expense:
O X N
There are two Clmvch-yards, one at the Kirk, and one at Plenderleith about four
miles South from it; where, in all probability, there was a residing Vicar:
The Minister has also the privilege of Turf, alternately, from three stock farms
belonging to The Manjiiis of Lothian. It is in the Presbytery of Jedburgh, and
Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, (comprising the Villages of Dolphiston, Mossburn-Ford, Newbiggin,
Oxnam, Plenderleith, and Svvinside) was 688, and, in 1811, was 727. It is 4
TO. S. E. from Jedburg-h. This Parish is of an irregular rectansrular figure, Or
miles in length, by 5 miles in breadth, except at one place, where it is only
2 miles broad. The general appearance is rather bleak, and hilly ; but the hills
are of small elevation, and most of them are covered with green pasture: The
soil is various, and it is principally uninclosed. The air is often moist, by the
frequent rains from all directions, and, in particular, from the East. It is watered
by numerous rivulets, especially the Coquet, the Jed, the Kail, and the Oxnam,
all of which abound with Trout of an excellent quality ; though, inpoint of quan-
tity, the Coquet is the most distinguislied, and also affords a Salmon fishery.
There is a Chalybeate Spring near Fairloans, on the South end of the Parish,
but it is not in much repute. Game abounds here ; amongst which may be
enumerated the beautiful Z?facA-Coc^, and Grouse. There is a remarkably
distinct Echo from the Church to a small eminence, 170 yards directly
East from it, in the level of the Gallery. The Schoolmaster's Salary is 300
merks, together with £4.. 3.. 4., interest of money mortified by Lady Yester,
for teaching poor Children, and perquisites. Dame Margaret Ker, Lady
Yester, by her Letters of Mortification, dated the 4th of November 1630, and
the 14th of March 1638, caused a School to be built, and a Sciioolmaster's
House, at Oxnam Bridge-End, and little Dwelling-houses, for accommodating
four poor people, commonly called Alms Houses, at Oxnam Rawfoot ; and like-
wise mortified £1000. Scotch, the annual rent of which being£4..3..4., together
with the weekly collections, is distributed, in small proportions, amongst such
indigent poor as are not on the Roll. The Harvest begins, for the most part,
with September ; and the produce far exceeds the consumption of the Inhabit-
ants. On the upper end of this, and of the neighbouring Parishes which border
on Northumberland, the Sheep have been greatly improved of late. Here is also
a good breed of Horses. There are the remains of various military operations :
the great Roman road from Borough-bridge to the Lothians byBoswell's Green, is
the Eastern boundary of the Parish, and runs the whole length of it. Several
years ago, a Head-piece of plate Iron, supposed to be Roman, was turned up
by the plough in a field belonging to Cap-hope, on the Nortli point of the Parish ;
O Y N
and, iu ihe Autumn of 1791, a shilling of Robert Bruce was discovered in a
garden at Newbiggin. The people are industrious, sober, and ceconomical ;
they are friendly to each other, and hospitable to strangers. There is a tradition,
that, during the animosities between England and Scotland, one of the principal
Bells, now in the Cathedral of Durham, was carried from this Parish : certain
it is, that Oxnam is inscribed upon it ; but whether it be the name of this Parish,
or of the Founder, is not known: some persons are of opinion, that as Oxnam
was subject to the Abbacy of Jedburgh, The Crag Tov/er might have been
a Religious House, and that this Bell was hung upon it. On Millheugh-Farm,
there is a Hillock, called Gallala-Know, which is reported to have been
used in the Border wars, as a place of Execution. Many buildings, called Peels,
are scattered over the country, and especially on the Borders. On the forfeiture
of Sir Robert Colvill, David the Second granted the Barony ofOxenham
to Duncan Wallace. The strong banks of the Oxenham tvater were of old
covered by impervious fastnesses, which were called The Hemvood ; and which
furnished a Rendezvous, for the Border warriors, when invaded by their " an-
cient adversaries ;" And this commodious circumstance, says Mr. Chalmers,
gave rise to the war-cry, " A Henwoody ! A Hemcoody !" which made every
heart burn with ardour, every hand grasp a weapon, and every foot hasten to
Hemvooocl.
OYNE, in the District of Garioch, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a Rec-
tory, belonging to the Chapter of Aberdeen ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was
£150., and a glebe: the manse was built in 1717: Patron, Colonel Knight
Erskine, of Pittodry : The Church is old. It is in the Presbytery of Garioch,
and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
518, and, in 1811, was 564. It is 2 m. S. from Old Rayne. This Parish is from
3 to 4 miles in length, and the same in breadth. It is watered by the Don, the
Ui'y, the Shevock, and the Gady ; along the banks of which, the soil is ex-
tremely fertile, and early. The roads are bad. The high multures at the mills are
loudly and justly complained of, as a great bar to agriculture. The air is pure,
and healthy. Peats, and turfs, from the high Mountain of Bennochie, are the
common fuel. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with
Scho(;l-ftes, and pcrqtli^^ites, and a rood of land. Here are two Druidical tem-
ples. There are considerable plantations around the Mansion-I louses of West-
hall, Tillyfour, and Pittodry ; the latter of which, is an elegant building, and
the residence of Colonel Knight Erskine.
P A I
P.
X ABAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shiro of Inverness: it
constitutes part of the Parish of Barray, from vvhicli it is 8 miles distant, to the
Southward. It is 1^ mile in length, and one mile in breadth, and contains 3
families. Here is one of the Danish Duns.
PABAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it
constitutes part of the Parish of Harris. This Island is of a conical appearance,
and rises to a Peak considerably higher than any part of the other Islands in the
Sound. Its greatest diameter is about 2j miles. This was once tlie Granary
of Harris, but it has lost much of its fertility by the encroachment of the sand
drift, which now covers its South-East side to the very summit, exhibiting a
most desolate appearance : The South-West side is verdant, and well cultivated :
The North-West side, being exposed to the Atlantic, yields little or no vegeta-
tion, as the spray of the sea, in stormy weather, washes over it. Divine Service
is performed here only once a Quarter.
PABAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it
constitutes part of the Parish of Strath, from which it is distant about two-thirds
of a mile, to the Eastward. This is a low Island, used only as a wintering place
for cattle; but it has a valuable A:e/^9 shore. The blue lime-stone rock here,
and on the opposite shore of Skye, abounds in petrifactions.
PAISLEY, in the Shire of Renfrew, Tliis Town continued a part of the
Original or The Abbey Parish of Paisley, until the year 1738, when the Magis-
trates and Council having purchased the right of Patronage from the then Earl
of Dundonald, a new Church was built, and the Town was erected into a sepa-
rate Parish ; in 1756, another Church was built upon a very extended plan, to
accommodate its multiplied inhabitants; and, in 1781, the number of inhab-
itants still rapidly increasing, a third Church was built, not quite so large as the
former, but very handsomely and elegantly finished ; and, in the following year,
the Town was divided, and erected into three separate Parishes, viz., The Low
Church, The High Church, and The Middle Church Parishes. The three
Parishes are an area of about a mile and a half square, taken out of the old
VOL. 11. 3 S
PAN
original Parisli, by which they are bounded ; and the Stipend of each Minister is
£\50., together with a manse, and glebe. It is in the Presbytery of Paisley,
and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Town,
in 1801, was 17,026, and, in 1811, was 19,937. It is 50 m. W.b.S. from
Edinburgh. The Market is well supplied. The Fairs are holden on the third
Thursday in February, the third Thursday in May, the second Thursday ia
Augusl, and the second Thursday in November. The Old Toivn of Paisley is
pleasantly situate on the West bank of the river White- Crtr/,and is one of the most
considerable manufacturing Towns in Scotland. In 1488, it was erected into a
Burgh of Barony by James the Fourth, under the Superiority of George Shaw,
then Abbot of the Monastei'y, and is governed by three Baillies, the oldest of
whom is commouly in the Commission of the Peace, a Treasurer, Town-Clerk,
and 17 Counsellors, who are annually elected on the first Monday after Michael-
mas : but it is not represented in Parliament. A General Post-Office is estab-
lished here. The river Cart, over which there are three stone Bridges, is
navigable for small vessels up to the Town. The Public Grammar School is
ably conducted ; besides which, there is an established English School in each
of the three Parishes, that are well attended; and, as each Master is Session
Clerk of the Parish to which he belongs, the emoluments of the two offices afford
a decent and comfortable living. The water is indifferent ; but it has lately
been much improved, by being filtered through gravel.
PAISLEY, ABBEY, v. ABBEY PARISH of PAISLEY.
PALACE-BRAE, v. BLAIRINGONE.
PALDIE, in ihe Shire of Kincardine ; and in the Parish of Fordoun. It is
6j m. N. from Laurence Kirk. This is a small Village, situate near the South-
ern bank of the river Bervie ; and is noted for a great Fair holden here for three
days, called Patdie Fair. It is said to have received its name from St. PaUadius,
first Bishop of the Scots, who was interred here.
PANANICH, WELLS, v. GLEN MUICK.
PANBRIDE, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was half a chaldcr of wheat, 4|^chalders of oat-meal, 4^ chalders
of barley, and £48.. 6.. 8. Sterling, in which sum is included £'8.. 6.. 8. for Com-
mimion elements : a handsome addition has lately been made to the manse by
the present Incumbent, without any expense to the Heritors : tlie glebe consists
of 4 acres 3 roods and some falls, of very good land : Patron, The Crown : The
Church is ancient, but in good repair, and is dedicated to St. Bridyet. It is in
PAP
the Presbytery of Aber-Brothock, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages of East
Haven, West Haven, Muir-Druiu, Panbride, and Skrine) \vas 1583, and, in
1811, was 1423. The Church is U m- S. E. from Muir-Drum. This Parish
is about 5^ miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth, stretching along the coast,
at the mouth of the Firth of Tay. The general appearance is level, with a
considerable declivity for some miles from the North towards the German Ocean.
The shore is flat, and very rocky. The soil is various ; being sandy on the coast,
loam or clay in the interior, and muiry in its Northern extremity. The House of
Panmure, the property of The Hon. William Ramsay Maule, is surrounded
with extensive inclosures and plantations: and near it, are the vaults and found-
ations of the old Castle of Panmure, long the seat of the Earls of that name.
The ancestors of Hector Boethius or Boece, were for several generations
Lairds of the Barony of Panbride ; and, it is generally said, that that Historian
was born in this Parish ; but this report is incorrect, as he was born at Dundee,
12 miles distant from Panbride, in the year 1470.
PAN-HOPE, V. FLOTA, ISLE.
PANMURE, CASTLE, v. PANBRIDE.
PAPA, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles; and constituting part of the Parish
of Burray. It is a small, inhabited Isle. See, Burray, Isle.
PAPA, LITTLE, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles : and constituting part
of the Parish of Aithsting. It is appropriated to the pasturage of cattle, and
sheep.
PAPA STOUR, ISLAND, one of the Shetland Isles: formerly a Vicarage,
constituting part cf the Union of Walls : The Church is in bad repair. This
Island is two miles in length, and somewhat more than one mile in bi'eadth ;
and lies at the distance of one mile West from the Mainland. It is flat, and
extremely agreeable in Summer. When the season is mild, it produces very
abundant crops of bear, oats, and potatoes: and the pasturage is excellent. It,
however, labours under two great disadvantages ; the Scatald or Common is
very small, and the fuel is neither good, nor plentiful. A Light-House here
would be of great service. It has several small Voes or Inlets of the sea, which
serve as secure Harbours for Fishing sloops, during the summer. There are
some beaches in this Island, where the fish are cured ; and convenient houses
have been erected by the proprietor, and are let annually at a moderate rent.
A Charity School has also been established, with a legal Salary of £10. Sterling
fer annum. See, Walls.
3S2
PAP
PAPA STRONSAY, ISLE, one of the Orkneys ; and constituting part of
the Parish of Stronsay. This is a pleasant little Island, situate within half a
mile of Stronsay, on the North-East, and gives name to the channel which
separates them, called Papa Sound. Its circumference is about three miles ;
and, as it is of a level surface, distinguislied alike for its beauty and fertility, it
furnishes a very comfortable abode for a pretty extensive Farmer, with his
servants and other dependants, who make a part of the Congregation of Stronsay.
Even in this small place, there were formerly tvvo Chajiels for Religious Wor-
ship, one of them dedicated to St. Bride, and the other to St. Nicholas. In the
middle of the space between these, is an eminence, known by the name o( JEarl's
Knoll, upon which are still apparent some old luins and graves. There are two
entrances into Papa Sound, one from the North-West, which is the widest and
safest ; and the other, from the East ; a stranger, however, would require a
Pilot, as the West channel is intricate, and the East one is narrow and danger-
ous : small Vessels can ride here in safety at all seasons.
PAPA WESTRAY, ISLAND, one of the Orkneys : a Chapelrv, annexed
to the United Vicarages of St. Mary, and Cross Kirk, in the Island of Westray.
It is in the Presbytery of North Isles, and Synod of Orkney. It is 24 m. N. from
Kirkwall. This beautiful little Island is situate on the North-East side of
Westray, and is separated from it by a Sound or ferry, between two and three
miles broad. Its length is between three and four miles ; the form is oval, and
it lies in a direction from North to South, being about an English mile in breadth
in most places : tlie land rises gently towards the middle, and shelves towards
the sea on both sides, till it terminates towards the North, in what is well known
by the name of Tlie 3Iull of Papa. This is a very fertile Island, containing
some of the best pasture and arable lands in the whole County. About TO tons
of kelp are made here annually. Here is a water-mill. In a beautiful Loch of
fresh water, at the South-East corner of the Island, is a small Isle, little larger
than is sufficient to serve for the foundation of a Picts' House, and on which was
afterwards erected the once noble Chapel of St. Tredwall; but the Monders
which superstition formerly fabricated, and ascribed to this Female Saint, arc no
longer believed here. The Resident Population of this Island, in 1801, was
200, and, in 1811, was 211. It is excellently ada|)ted for the prosecution of the
white Fi'^hery, a line cod bank being situate about two English miles only off The
Mull Head: but tliis lield of induslry, and source of wealth, is at present
entirely neglected. The whole Island is the property of one Gentleman, who is
resident, in the uiidst of many contented, though poor; cottars; whose happiness
PAR
IT IS HIS STUDY TO PROMOTE, and with whom he mingles with the most perfect
familiarity. Tlierc is a dangerous Ferry from hence, nine miles in breadth,
called Westrny Firth, to the small Island of Eagleshay. This Island is
principally composed of sandstone, sandstone flag, shistose clay, and, in some
places, are fragments oi breccia.
PA PLAY, V. HOLM.
PAPS of JURA, three lofty Mountains in the Isle of Jura, so called.
PARALLEL ROADS, v. KILL-MANIVAIG.
PARK, V. ORDEQLHILL.
PARK HALL, v MUIR-AVON-SIDE.
PARK-HEAD, within the Jurisdiction of the City of Glasgow, and Shire of
Lanark : in the Barony Parish. This is a populons Village.
PARK-HEAD, in the Shire of Selkirk, though locally situate in the District
of Hawick, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the Parish of Ask-Kirk. It is 4 m,
N. b. W. from Hawick.
PARK-HILL, V. MILTON.
PARK-HOUSE, within the Jurisdiction of the City of Glasgow, and Shire
of Lanark : in the Barony Parish. This is a populous Village.
PARTICK, in the Under Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish of
Govan. The lands, adjacent to this Village, were given by David the First to
the Bishop of Glasgow, who had a country residence here. Upon the river
Kelvin very extensive Wheat mills and Granaries have been erected, the greatest
part of which belong to the Incorporation of Bakers in Glasgow.
PARTON, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'83..6..8. : the manse, which was re-built in
1777, is large and commodious : the glebe consists of the legal extent: Patron,
William Glendonwyne, Esq. : The Church is dark and dispruportioned, being
65 feet long, and 14j feet broad. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkcudbright, and
Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 426,
and, in 1811, was 569. It is 8 m. N. W. from Castle Douglas. This Parish is
of a square form, comprehending about 20 square miles. The surface is very
vmequal ; but none of the eminences deserve thename of mountains : the flats
and hills are generally covered with heath, except the cultivated lands on the
banks of the river Ken, which unites with the Dee about half a mile above the
Church; and from whence it is denominated the Dee, until it enters the Solway
Firth at Kirkcudbright ; it abounds in pike, and perch. Game is plentiful.
PAY
There are seven small Lakes, that are well stored with trout. Peat is th«
general fuel. The roads are bad. The air is salubrious.
PATH-HEAD, v. COCI^URN'S-PATH.
PATH-HEAD, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Crichton.
It is 41 m. S. E. from Dalkeith, and 370 m. N. b. W. from London. The Fairs
are holden on the first Wednesday in August, and the 7th of October. This is
a very flourishing Village. See, Crichton.
PATH-HEAD, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife: in the Parish
of Dysart, It is 1 m. S. W. from Dysart. This is a very considerable Village,
which derives its name from its situation near a steep descent, called The Path.
It is divided into Path-Head Proper, or Dunikier, which is situate on the estate
of Dunikier, belonging to James Tovvnshend Oswald, Esq.; — and Sinclairton,
which is situate on the estate of Sinclair, belonging to The Earl of Rosslyn, who
resides in Dysart occasionally. It has long been famous for the manufacture of
Nails: the weaving of linen is also introduced. A Fair used to be holden here
annually, for white cloth and wool, but it is now little resorted to. Here is also a
good Market for Butchers' meat. There are several private Schools. The Castle
of Raven's- Craig, which is situate upon a rock, projecting into the Firth of Forth,
was given by James the Third to William St. Clair, Earl of Orkney, with the
adjacent lands, when he resigned the title of Orkney. It has ever since been
possessed by the family of St. Clair. It was inhabited during the usurpation of
Oliver Cromwell, and was fixed upon by a party of his troops : but it has,
for many years since, been uninhabited, and is now in a ruinous state.
PATH of CONDIE, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Forgan-
Denny. This is a small Village among the Ochil Hills, towards the Southern
extremity of the Parish : it is built upon an eminence, which is washed on one
side by the river May, and on the other by a rivulet, called The Chapel Water,
both of which streams meet to the East of this Hill, in a deep and pleasant
valley. Here is a private School.
PATIMUIR, in the District of Dunfermlin, and Shire of Fife: in the Parish
of Dunfermlin. It is a small Village, two miles distant from Dunfermlin.
PAXTON, in the Shire of Berwick ; and in the Parish of Hutton. A Village,
situate near the North bank of the river Tweed, at the distance of 4|- miles
West from Berwick. Fifty-six bolls of the victual Stipend of Sicinton, are paid
out of this Estate.
PAYSTOUN, in the Shire of Hadington ; and in the Parisli of Ormiston.
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This estate, comprehending the Hamlets of East Paystoun,West Paystoun,Pays-
toun Bank, and Paystolm Mill, was disjoined from the Parish of Pencailland, and
annexed to Ormiston, after the Reformation. It is 6j ra. S. from Tranent.
PEATHS, or PEAS BRIDGE, v. COCKBURN'S-PATII.
PEATIE, V. KETTINS.
PEATIE, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Kettins : The Chapel
is demolished. This is a small Village, at the distance of 2j m. S. from Cupar,
PEAT-LAW, V. SELKIRK.
PEEBLES, or PEEBLIS, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction,
locally situate in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £164., and £8..6..8. for Communion elements, together
with a glebe of 6 acres, being part of 80 acres, still called T/ie Kirk Lands,
which were granted away at the time of the Reformation : Patron, The Marquis
of Queensberry ; The Church, which is elegant and substantial, ornamental to
the Town, and commodious for the Parish, was finished in 1783: the Manse
was built in 1770. It is in the Presbytery of Peebles, and Synod of Lothian
anc^ Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801,
was 2088, and, in 1811, was 2485. It is 20 m, S. from Edinburgh. The Mar-
ket is on Tuesday, for meal only, and is well supplied. The Fairs are holden on
the second Tuesday in January, first Tuesday in March, second Wednesday in
May, Tuesday before the 12th of July, Tuesday before the 24th of August, first
Tuesday before the 12th of September, on the 17th of October, on Tuesday be-
fore the 12th of November, and on Tuesday before the 12th of December. A
General Post-Office is established here. It is governed by a Provost, two
Baillies, a Dean of Guild, a Treasurer, eleven Counsellors, and one Deacon :
In 1793, the yearly Income of the Corporation, as reported to the House of Com-
mons, was £272.. 10.. 9. Sterling. Peebles, in conjunction with the Royal Bo-
roughs of Lanark, Linlithgow, and Selkirk, sends one Member to Parliament.
It is the Shire Town, and where the several Courts are holden. The Town
stands on the North side of the river Ticeed, where Peebles' Water falis into it ;
The Old Town being on the West, and The New Town on the East side of
that water, joined by two Bridges carried over it, and communicating with the
country on the South, by an ancient and well built Bridge, of five arches, over
the Ticeed. The Landward part of the Parish extends from East to West Si-
miles, and from North to Soulh 10 miles, and contains 18,210 acres. The river
Tweed, tunning through it from West to East, divides it into nearly equal parts.
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Peebles, called ai&o Edlestowe Water, subdivides the North part of it. The Royal
Buro-h of Peebles stands in the centre, and in a situation remarkably pleasant.
It is built in a beautiful and healthy opening, with a hilly country around. The
soil is dry, and fertile ; and the climate is salubrious. Improvements in agri-
culture have of late years made a rapid progress in this Parish ; 1500 acres
have been inclosed for some time, and 700 acres o^ In-field ground were lately
inclosed : of Out-field ground, which is sometimes in tillage, but more com-
monly in natural grass, for pasturing cows and horses, there are 800 acres :
the other lands, being hilly, afford excellent pasture for sheep, and are conse-
quently employed for that purpose. The Peebles grey pea has long been in high
estimation all over the country, for seed ; as are also the oats. As The Burgh
constitutes the greatest part of the Parish, the Magistrates and Council have al-
ways appointed Schoolmasters for the use of the whole Parish ; one for teaching
the Grammar, another the English School, and have provided them with proper
Houses, and Salaries. Private Schools also have long existed, and of late have
become rivals for fame with the public ones. Poor children are educated by the
Kirk-session from the Poor's funds, and no part of them is more properly applied.
At present, Peebles is a place of considerable consequence, from its woollen, ani
other manufactures^, and it has also become famous for the excellence of its
Beer. From the earliest records it appears, that Peebles was a Town of the
Royal demesne, which yielded Afirm into the Exchequer. The Kings resided,
occasionally, at Peebles, until the sad demise of Alexander the Third, who left
it various marks of his munificence. On the 20th of September 1367, David the
Second granted a Charter to Peebles, which made it a Royal Borough ; this was
confirmed by a Charter of James the Second, and by another, from King James
the Sixth, in 1621. Robert Bruce granted it a free Market. The Baronial
Family of Hay, of Yesfer, enjoyed the office of Sheriff of Peebles, throughout
three centuries, till John, the second Earl of Tweeddale, sold it, in 1686, with
his whole estates in Ticeeddale, to William Duke of Queensberry, who settled
the office and Estates on his second Son, The Earl of March. In 1724, The
Earl of March was Hereditary Sheriff' of Peebles ; which office lie held until the
abolition of heritable Jurisdictions in 1748; when His Lordship claimed for the
Slier il/'ship of Peebles £'4000.; for the i^e^rato^/ of Newlands i?1500. ; and he
was allowed for both of them £3418.. 4.. 5; James Montgomery, of the Family
of3fa(/bie-Hill, who rose to be Chief Baron of the Exchequer, was appointed the
first Slieri^ oi the Shire of Peebles, after the abolition of the heritable Sheriff,
I
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doms, at tlie Salary of £150. per annum. That there was a Church here,
belon2:iiig to the ancient Episcopate of Glasgow, at the commencement of the
Twelfth century, is certain: and in it, the Bishops of Glasgow used some-
times to hold their Synods. Until the Reformation, the Archdeacon of Glasgow
was Rector of Peebles, and of Manor; and enjoyed of course the Parsonage
Tythcs of those Parishes, which are said to have been worth annually 6000
merks : at that epoch of Ecclesiastical change, a part of the Vicarage Tythes
(the Rectory having been converted into a Vicarage, about tlie year 12G0) was
assigned, by the Patron of the Parish, to the Master of the Grammar School
here. There were formerly three Churches, and several Chapels within the
Town, and Parish. The High Church of Peebles, which was dedicated to
The Virgin Mary, is supposed to have bepn erected, or rather re-built, in the
Eleventh century : from the appearance of some of the free-stone, it should seem
to have succeeded a Church more ancient. King David granted to the Chap-
lains of St. Mary s Church, the corn, and the fulling mills of Inver-Leithen,
with extensive multures, and the adjacent lands. The ruins of this ancient
Church still remain, at the Western extremity of The Old Town, and arc sur-
rounded by a large Cemetery, which continues to be used. — The Cross Kirk
owed its foundation to the superstition of the times. On the discovery of the
remains of a human body, on the 7th of Maysl621, according to Fordun, that
had been cut in pieces, and buried in a shrine of stone, and of a magnificent and
venerable Cross deposited near it, bearing the name of St. Nicholas, it was be-
lieved, that St.Nicolatis, of the Order of the Culdees, and who was said to have
suffered Martyrdom about the end of the Third century, during the Dioclesian
and Maximian persecution, had been buried in that place. About tlie year
1257, Alexander the Third, at the request of W^illiam then Bishop of Glas-
gow, to which Diocese Peebles belonged, erected on this sacred site a large
Conventual Church, which he dedicated to God and The Holy Cross, and
called it, The Cross Kirk of Peebles; It was of the Order of Churches, called
Ministries, and contained 70 Red or Trinity Friars: an Order instituted in
honour of The Holy Trinity, and for the redemption of Christians who were
made Slaves by tlie Turks, to which a third part of their yearly income was to
be applied : besides other endowments, its Royal Founder gave to The Cross.
Kirk, about 50 acres of excellent land, lying around it. Friar Thomas, its Min-
ister, was Chaplain to King Robert the Second, who gave to it the lands, called
The King's Meadow, jiix (a villam de Peebles, from whence it is probable, that
VOL 11. 3 T
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Peebles was not as yet erected into a Royal Burgh. — ^A mile and a half below
Peebles, stood the Hospital of St. Leonard's, called afterwards by corruption,
Chapel Yards, which was founded for infirm and indigent Persons, In 1427,
James the First gave this Hospital to his Confessor David Rat, of the Order of
the Preachers; a probable Evidence, that James lived frequently at Peebles,
and wrote there his Poem, intituled, " Peebles, to the Play," in which he repre-
sents a great annual Festival of music, diversions, and feasting, that had long
been in use to be holden at Peebles, attended by multitudes from The Forth,
and T7je Forest, in their best apparel. The time of this Festival was at Beat-
tine, which, in the Gaelic language, signifies Tlie fire of Bell or Baal, because
on the First day of May, the heathens, by kindling fires and oflering sacrifices
upon eminences or the summits of mountains, held their great anniversary Fes-
tival in honour of the Sun, whose benign influence on all nature begun to be
strong-ly felt at this time. The name Bealtine-day, continued and gave desig-
nation to the Bealtine Fair of Peebles, long after the religion of the country, and
the festivals of the season, were changed.
" At Beltane, quhen ilk bodie bownis
To Pehlis to the Play,
To heir the singin and the soundis ;
The solace, suth to say." —
The Kings of Scotland made Peebles their usual summer residence, for rural
diversion or the administration of justice: Many of the Nobility accompanied
them, whose Houses in Peebles still bear their names. Extensive lands all
around, were afterwards granted by Royal Charter in property or commonty to
the Burgh. Cadmuir, Hornidoim, Venlaic, and Glentorie, ^vere the King's
property and hunting grounds. On the South East of Peebles, and the other
side of the river, is the Gallows-Hill, where criminals were executed. On the
King's Moor, between that place and Peebles, the ancient Tournaments were
exhibited : There the County Militia amounting commonly to 300 Horsemen,
muster every year at their Weapon- Shawing , in the months of June, and
October : and there Horse-Races continued to be holden at Bealtine, till the
middle of the last Century ; and lately, when a part of that Moor was
converted from its original to a more improved state, there was disco-
vered in a Cairn of stones, a Roman Urn inverted, containing the blade of
a dagger, and pieces of human bones and ashes. — The Town of Peebles
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originally cxlcnded from Edleslown Water Westward to Tlie Meadoio Well
Strand, the Cross standing opposite to Ludgate. It M'as several times plund-
ered and burnt by the Englisli ; so that nothing was left undestroyed but the
Churches, the Manse, and the Cross, which being holden sacred, were com-
monly spared. This induced the inhabitants to build a Neio Toiori on the East
side of that water, as being a situation more easily fortified, and to surround it
with strong walls and gates, which continued till the Union of the two King-
doms. In consideration of these great losses, and that the Town of Peebles
had always been distinguished for loyalty, fidelity, and good services, not only
the usual privileges of Royal Boroughs, but the extensive lands already men-
tioned, and a Toll on the Bridge of Tweed, were, by Royal Charters, granted
to it at the Reformation of Religion in Scotland in the year 1560, when the
needless multiplicity of Churches was abolished, and Convents were dis-
solved. The High Church in the Old Toicn was demolished : And, The
Cross Church, as being nearer to the New Town, was converted into the
Parochial one, and employed in the offices of Reformed Religion until
January 1784, when The New Church having been built within the Town,
was opened for Religious worship by The Rev. William Dalgliesh, D. D.
The Cloister was converted into Houses for the School-masters, and Public
Schools, and was usee! for these purposes till the beginning of the Eighteenth
Century, when it became ruinous. In the Church of Tfie Hohj Rood, as
well as in the Church oi St. Andreic, there were established a number of CAop-
lainries and Altarages, with endowments of lands, all of which were granted
to the Community of Peebles, in 1621 : paying a small annual rent into the
Exchequer, and olfering their daily prayers for King James, the grantor, and
his successors. The Castle of Peebles had of old a Chapel, which was granted,
in the Twelfth century, to the Monks of Kelso, with a carucate of land adjacent,
and ten shillings out of the firm of the Town. There was also, in Peebles, a Cha-
pel which had been dedicated to The Virgin Mary, and which was usually called
Lady Chapel: And there was likewise a Chapel, at a place, which was called
from it Chapel Hill, upon Peebles Wafer, about a mile and a half above the
Town. Numerous vestiges of antiquity still remain in this Parish, and in the
neighbourhood. At Lyne, four miles West from Peebles, is a distinct Roman
Castra Stativa, 500 feet square, with two ditches and three ramparts, containing-
between six and seven acres. Three miles South from this Camp, and on the
3T2
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other side of the Tweed, is a Hil! called Cademvir, anciently Cadhmore, sig-
nifying in Gaelic, " the great fight ;" on the summit of which are four British
camps, one of them much stronger than the rest, surrounded with stone walls
without cement, in some places double, and where single, no less than five
yards in thickness; without which, and out of the ruins thereof, have been
erected nearly two hundred monumental stones, many of them still standing,
and others fallen down, — being indications, that in very early times, wlien the
Gaelic was the common language of the country, and when the Romans had as
yet been the only invaders of it, a great battle had been fought upon that hill,
and that, at the strong camp upon its summit, numbers had been killed, and
were there interred. On the extremity of the Parish, towards the North- West,
is a high Hill called 3Telden, properly Meltein, " the Hill of Fire" from the
fires kindled on the top of it, anciently in worship of the Sun, or afterward to
give signal to the surrounding country, when enemies appeared in the Firth of
Forth ; and round its summit, a large inclosure or camp, is still visible. To-
wards the East part of the Parish, is a Hill calle I Frineti, or properly Daneti
or Danes' Brae, with two circular Camps ; the highest of which has been sur-
rounded with a ditch above ten feet in depth. Many other camps are to be
seen on eminences and on the tops of hills, all over the country. In later ages,
■when the ancient smaller Kingdoms in the Island were formed, into the two
larger ones of Scotland and England, as the Cheviot Hills were a natural bar-
rier between them in the middle of the country, invasion and war were made
by the mouth of the Ttveed on the East, and of the Solway on the West ; yet
small parties often penetrated for plunder into the interior parts. The preda-
tory disposition, but too much exemplified by the Nations, was practised all over
the Country, and particularly towards the Borders, where troops of freebooters
made incursions into this part of the country every summer, for carrying off,
under cover of the night. Horses, Black Cattle, and Sheep. In defence against
these various depredations, strong Castles were built by the Kings of Scotland,
on the lower parts of the Tweed, and were contmued by the Landholders along
the higher parts of it, and on the waters which fall into it on each side. They
were built of stone and lime prepared in the best manner, and where larger, or
situate near the castra of former times, they were called Castles, or when
smaller, were called Towers. They were, by general consent, built alternately
on both sides the river, and in a continued view of each other. AJire kindled
on the top of these Towers, was the known signal of an incursion of the enemy :
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the smoke gave the signal by day, and the (lame in the night ; and over a tract
of country of 70 miles long, from Berwick to The Biehl, and 50 miles broad,
intelligence was, in this manner, conveyed in a very few hours. As these build-
ings are not only antiquities, but evidences of the ancient situation of the country,
and are now most of them in ruins, it may not be improper to mention those
along the Tweed for ten miles below Peebles, and as many above it. Thus,
Eiibank Tower looks to one at Holloic-lee, this to one at Scroybank, this to one
at Caherrton, this to one at Bold, this to one at Purvis Hill, this to these at
Inter- Leit/i en, Traquair, and Griestone, this last to one at Ormistone, this to
one at Cardrona, this to one at Nether Horseburgh, this to Horseburgh Castle,
this to liiese at Haystone, Castle-hill of Peebles and Nidpath, this last to one at
Caverhill, this to one at Bar-ns, and to another at Lyne, this to these at Easter
Happretv, Easter Daivic, Hill-House and Wester Hawic now New Posso, this
last to one at Dreva, and this to one at Tinnis or Tlianes Castle near Drummel-
zier. Of these, the Castle o( Nidpath, not far from the old town of Peebles, and
in the line of its principal strecet, is the strongest and in the best preservation :
its walls are eleven feet in thickness, and cemented with lime almost as hard as
the strong whin-stone of which they are built. It was anciently the property and
chief residence of the powerful family of the Frasers, first proprietors of Oliver
Castle, and afterwards of a great part of the lands from thence to Peebles, and
Sheriffs of the county ; and from whom spring the families of Lev at, and Sal-
TOUN, in the North: The last of that family, in the male line, in Tweeddale,
was the brave Sir Simon Fraser, who, in 1303, along with Sir John Cummin,
with only 10,000 men, repulsed and defeated 30,000 English, in three battles
fought on one day, upon Roslin Moor. He left two daughters, co-heiresses to
his great estate ; one of whom was married to the ancestor of The Marquis of
Tweeddale, and the other to the ancestor of The Earl of Wigtoun ; which
Families, therefore, quartered the arms of the Erasers with their own. And
the Castle and large Barony of Nidpath, continuing the properly of the Tweed-
dale Family, and the Town of Peebles being much under its Patronage, the
Erasers arms are to be seen on the Cross to this day. When King Charles
the Second marched for England, John, second Earl of Tweeddale, gar-
risoned his Castle of Nidpath, for His Majesty's service; and it held out against
Oliver Cromwell, longer than any place South of the Forth. The banks
hereabout, particularly from the High road, a little above the Castle, afford
a most beautiful prospect, terminated by a view of the Town, and Bridge of
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Peebles. This Castle was for some time the residence of tlie Earls of March :
it is now, however, in ruins; and belongs at present to The Marquis of Queens-
berry. Mr. Grose has preserved a view of it.
PEEBLES, SHIRE, or TWEED-DALE. This Shire contains about 150,
628 Scotch acres ; of which, about 15,000 are arable, and the remainder are iu
pasture, wood, and water. Although from a distant view, this Shire may
appear to be one continued chain of hills, yet when internally investigated, there
is found along the sides of its principal rivers, many rich and fertile Straths of
arable land, which, when well cultivated, produce almost every kind of grain
in abundance. It is watered by a number of small streams and rivers,
especially the Tweed, which is the fourth great I'iver in Scotland, and which for
several miles serves as a boundary between the two United Kingdoms: it derives
its source from a well of the same name, among the hills of Tweeds-Muir, in
the Western extremity of the Shire, and meandering through its centre, a
beautiful serpentine course of 36 miles, divides it nearly into two equal parts.
On the banks of this river are many beautiful and romantic country seats,
embosomed in plantations of various kinds of trees. Being near the Southern
borders of the Kingdom, and exposed to the frequent incursions of the English,
there is perhaps no river in Scotland, upon the banks of which there have been
erected so many places for private defence against their hostile depredations.
The sheep bred upon the banks of the Meggot Water are reckoned among the
heaviest, and are the hardiest in Tiveecl-Dale. Its Resident Population, in
1801, was 8735, and, in 1811, was 9935. It sends one Member to Parliament.
Tueeddale gives the title of IMarquis, and Earl, to the Ancient and Illustrious
family of Hay, Earl Gipford, Viscount Walden, Lord Yester, and-Hereditai-y
Chamberlain of Dunfermlin. WilliAxM Hay was one of the Peers, who joined
with great zeal in the Reformation in the reign of Queen Mary.
PEEL, V. CASTLE-TOWN.
PEEL, anciently HOLM TOWN, in The Isle of Man ; and in the Parish
of St. Germain : The Church is dedicated to St. Peter. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Town, in 1792, was 880. It is 12 m. W. from Douglas, Provisions
are cheap; and the Bay is spacious, and aViounds with a variety of fisli, particu-
larly with the red cod, which is an exquisite delicacy. Its commerce is decayed.
The Castle stands on a small rocky Island, about an hundred yards North from the
Town: the Channel which divides it from the Main-land, being very deep at high
water; but, when the tide is out, it is scarcely mid-leg deep. The walls inclose
PEN
an irregular polygon, whose area contains about two acres : they arc flanked with
towers, which arc remarkably rough ; and are said to have been constructed by
Thomas Earl of Derby, about the year 1500. Here are the remains of two
Churches ; one of them being dedicated to St. Patrick; and the other, called
St. Germnin's, or The Cathedral, built about the year 1245, and dedicated to
the first Bishop of the Isle : it is now extremely ruinous : it was the Episcopal
Cemetery; and the inhabitants still bury within, and about its walls: beneath
it Eastern part, is the Ecclesiastical Prison. It was in this Castle that Eleanor,
wife to Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Lord Protector, was confined, on a
charge of ititchcraft; but probably for her turbulent spirit, which, according to
tradition, makes her still haunt the place. About three miles to the Eastward
of Peel, is The Tintoald Mount, an artificial Hill, of singular appearance, and
unknown antiquity. The vestiges of two gates, and of a wall which encircled
it, are now scarcely visible ; but the rest of this important Mount is entire. The
approach to the summit is up a spacious flight of grassy steps, frontino- the
ancient Chapel of St. John. Below the summit, there are three circular seats
raised for the diff'erent orders of the people. The lowest is about four feet in
width, and eighty yards in circumference. In the circuit and width of the two
higher, there is a proportionable diminution ; and each seat is regularly advanced
three feet above the other ; while the summit, upon which was anciently placed
the Ch'.ir of State, does not exceed two yards in diameter. Here Sir John
Stanley, King and Lord of Man, in 1417, convened the whole body of the people,
to witness ihe first promulgation of the laws ; which, until that sera, had been
locked up in the breasts of their venerable Deemsters. The Tinwald Hill is,
in some degree, still the scene of legislation ; for all laws, respecting the internal
Polity of the Island, are never constitutionally binding, till, according to imme-
morial usage, they are promulgated at this place : from which custom, the
Legislature, framing such Acts, are denominated a Timvald Court: and the
Laws of the Island are designated. Acts of Tinwald. At a little distance, is
the Chapel of St. John the Baptist, which was re-built about the year 1800; but
it is destitute of pews, and is used only on the day of the promulgation of the
Laws. Mr. Grose has preserved two Views of The Tinwald Hill.
PEFFER, in the Shire of Hadington ; and in the Parish of White-Kirk. It
is 4| m. S. E. from North Berwick. It is situate on the North bank o^PeJfer
Bum, which here discharges itself into the German Ocean.
PENCAITLAND, p'6.;jer/»/ PEN-CAETH-LAN, in the Shire of Hading-
PEN
TON : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £179., includ-
ing a glebe of 5 acres, of excellent soil : Patron, Hamilton, of Pencaitland : The
Church is in good repair, and is fitted up in a decent manner. It is in the
Presbytery of Hadington, and Synod of Lothian araf/ Tweeddale. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, (consisting of the Villages of Easter and
Wester Pencaitland, Winton, and Nisbet) was 925, and, in 1811, was 970. It
is 3j m. SE. b. S. from Tranent. This Parish is about 4 miles in length, and
3 miles in breadth : the soil is in general wet, and clayey, and indifferently
cultivated : about 346 acres are covered with Forest trees, some of which are of
great size. It is watered by the Tijne, a muddy slow running river, which
flows through its whole extent, dividing it into two equal parts : the small rivulet
ofKinchey separates it from the Parish of Ormiston. Coals, and lime-stone, every
where abound; and there is plenty of excellent free-stone. There are several
springs of Mineral water, which are highly esteemed by the common people, in
scorbutic di.sorders. The Roads are bad. The Schoolmaster's Salary is 300^
merks, besides School-fees. The principal Mansions are. Fountain- Hall, the
Seat of Sir Andrew Lauder Dick, Bart. : — Pencaitland, of John Hamilton,
Esq. ; — and Winton- Hottse , fornwrly the residence of The Countess of Winton,
previous to the attainder of that Family, in 1715 ; this house is entirely out of
repair, though the gardens, which are very spacious, are kept in tolerable order,
by The York Buildings Company, who purchased the Forfeited estates, hav-
ing let them to a gardener. This Parish is supposed to take its name from its
situation ; the Church, and Mansion-House of Pencaitland, standing on the
edge of a narrow flat or meadow, on the Northern bank of the Tyrie: and, the
village of West Pencaitland being situate on the edge of a high bank, on the
South side of the same river. After the Reformation, the lands of Paystoun,
comprehending the Hamlets of East Paystoun, West Paystoun, Paystoun Bank,
and Paystoun Mill, were disjoined from the Parish of Pencaitland, and annexed
to Ormiston, which adjoins it, on the West. In 1681, the lands of Winton
were taken from the Parish of Pencaitland, and given to the Parish of Tranent:
but, after the forfeiture of the Earl's descendant, in 1715, Winton was again an-
nexed to the Parish of Pencaitland, to which it naturally belongs.
PENELIIEUGH, v. CRAILING.
PENNERSAUGHS, in the Shire of Dumfries : an ancient Parish, now com-
prehended in the Parish of Middlebie. It is situate on the Eastern bank of the
river Mein^ at the distance of a mile South-East from Eccles-Fcchan.
PEN
PENNINGHAM, in the District of Machers, and Shire of Wigtown : for-
merly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 1240 raerks Scotch, in-
cluding the allowance for Communion elements : and £8..14..0. is also allowed
by the Heritors yearly, in lieu of a manse : the "lebc is very indifferent, and not
of the legal extent: Patron, The Earl of Galloway: The Church is in decent
condition. It is in the Presbytery of Wigtown, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (includingthe Village of Aew-
ton Stewart) was 25G9, and, in 1811, was 2847. It is 2\ m. S. from Newton
Stewart, This Parish is 16 miles in length, and from 5 to 6^ miles in breadth,
being intersected by the Military Road from Dumfries to Port Patrick : the
greater part is wild and uncultivated, but the whole is capable of being rendered
exceedingly fertile by the improved system of husbandry. The Moss oi Cree ,
extending about 4 miles in length, and about the same distance in breadth, along
the Western side of the Water ©f Cree, from the Port of Carty, appears to have
been formerly covered with the sea, and afterwards with wood ; it is of a deep
clay bottom, and is uncommonly fertile. The wool of this Parish is in general
good, and superior to that of most of the neighbouring Districts. The Salary of
the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with Schools-fees, and perquisites ;
the whole amounting to about £'30. per annum. The climate is healthy. The
river Cree, by the assistance of the tides from the Bay of Wigtown, is navigable
to the Port o^ Carty, within two miles of Newton Stewart and Minniegafi"; whi-
ther small vessels can be navigated with safety, either with merchant goods from
the English side, or with lime, coals, and shells,
PENPONT, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811^ was £150..0..0. : the manse is in good repair: the glebe con-
sists of 9 acres: Patron, The Marquis of Queensberry: The Church was rebuilt
in 1782, and is pleasantly situate upon an eminence on the Scarr. It is in the
Presbytery of Penpont, of which it is the Seat, and Synod of Dumfries. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 966, and, in 1811, was 987.
It is 2\ m. S. W. from Thornhill. This Parish is 21 miles in length, and about
5 miles in breadth : the whole district is mountainous, the most remarkable ele-
vation being that of Cairn- Kinnow ; in the North East ridge, is Glenqnhargen
Craig, which rises almost perpendicularly to the height of 1000 feet. The hills
are mostly covered with excellent pasture, and are interspersed with many fertile
arable vallies, of which the soil is light, early, and has of late been much improved.
It is watered by the Scarr, over which there is a very ancient Bridge of one
VOL. II. 3 U
PEN
semicircular arch, supported by two steep rocks. Free-stone, and whin-stone,
are abundant. Dotv Loch, a small Lake on the summit of a hill, was famous ia
the age of snperstition, for curing all kinds of diseases. Coals are brought from
Sanquhar, at the distance of 14 miles. The Roads, and Bridges, ax'e in toler-
able repair. There are the vestiges of a Roman Causeway along the banks
of the .S'corr .• and near the union of the Scarr and the Nith, are the remains
of a large building, called Tibbers Castle, which is said to have been a Roman
Station : this castle was taken by surprise from the English by Sir William
Wallace ; and from hence the Barony of Tibber derives its name. General
RoY has preserved a plan of it, pi. 49.
PENSHIEL, V. WHITTINGHAM.
PEN-TI-ACHOB, v. EDLESTOWN.
PENTLAND, in the Shire of Edinburgh : an ancient Rectory, which was
valued at £5.. 6.. 8. : The Church stood at the village of Pentland, in the North-
East part of the Parish, where its ruins may still be seen. Some time after the
Reformation, the Parish of Pentland was suppressed ; and the Northern part
was annexed to Laswade : and, in 1616, the Southern portion, comprehending
the Barony of Fulford, was united to the new formed Parish of St. Catherine's,
which was, afterward, popularly called Olencross. About half a mile South-
West from the Church, stood the Mansion, which is now known by the familiar
appellation of Pentland Mains. When The Earl of Orkney founded the Colle-
giate Church of Roslin, in 1446, he granted to it the Church-lands of Pentland.
It is 5 m. S. from Edinburgh.
PENTLAND FIRTH, is that Strait, which separates the Mainland of Scot-
land from The Orkney Isles, It is 24 miles in length, and varies from 4 to 5
leagues in breadth ; and forms a communication between the German and the
Atlantic Oceans. In the mouth of the Firth, towards the East, and nearly half
way between Duncan's-Bay Head and the Orkneys, are situate the Pentland
Skerries; two small uninhabited Islands, upon one of which a Light-House is
erected. The parts of the Firth, most dangerous to navigation, are two currents,
stretching from Duncan's-Bay Head and St. Johns Head, to a considerable dis-
tance from the land ; the former is called The Boars of Duncan s Bay, and the
latter The Main of Mey ; where the billows are often elevated to a tremendous
height, even in the finest summer day. They seem to arise from the collision of
tides in opposite directions, and recoiling Avilh increased impetuosity from the
Head-lands above mentioned : Without the aid of skilful pilotage, they are
PEN
dangerous even in the calmest weather. The tides in every part of the Firtli
are various and irregular, and of course the navigation is difficult ; especially in
the night, when a very small deviation from the proper course may be attended
with fatal consequences.
PENTLAND HILLS, a range of Hills, which, beginning near the Firth of
Forth on the East, run Westward, and end at the Borders of Clydesdale. Some
of these hills are of considerable elevation, and in general afford excellent pas-
ture to numerous flocks of sheep. See, Lotclands.
PENTLAND SKERRY, one of the Orkneys ; and constituting part of the
South Parish of South Ronaldsay. Tliis Isle is about a mile long, and half a
mile broad, and is appropriated to the pasturage of sheep, and cattle. It is about
6 miles South from South Ronaldsay, near the middle of the East entrance of the
Pentland Firth. A Light-House has lately been erected here, which is of great
advantage to shipping. Near this Skerry, there are two or three other Skerries
or rocks, which are perfectly barren.
PENYCUICK, in the Shire of Edinburgh : formerly a Rectory, compre-
hending the ancient Parish of Mount-Lothian ; the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was £69.. 16.. 10^. Sterling, £'8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, and £80.. 3. .If.
by Parliamentary augmentation : with a manse, and a glebe : Patron, Sir John
Clerk, Bart. : The Church, which was built in 1771, is a handsome edifice, with
a Portico, supported by four Doric pillars : the old Church was dedicated to St.
Kentigern, popularly called St. Mimgo; it retained the name of St. Kentigern,
as late as 1733 ; and there is near it, a spring, which was called St. Mungos
Well, and which is now inclosed in the Minister's garden. It is in the Presbytery
of Dalkeith, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 1705, and, in 1811, was 1827. It is 9 m. S. from
Edinburgh. A Penny-Post Office is established here. This Parish compre-
hends the greatest part of the ancient Parish of Penycuick, and the whole of the
old Parish of Mount-Lothian. It extends from 11 to 12 miles in length, and 6
miles in breadth; and is watered by the rixer North Esk, which, rising in its
Western extremity, runs through its whole extent: towards the Northern border,
it includes a considerable part of the Pentland Hills, upon which are constantly
fed great flocks of sheep, about 8000 being reared in this Parish : the Southern
parts are more level ; and the surface is exceedingly various, exhibiting every
kind of soil, from clay and moss to the poorest gravelly loam. The roads are
good. The fuel is coal and peat, of both which there is plenty in the Parish^ but
3U2
PEN
the coal is not worked at present. Near the village is Penycuick-House, an
elegant Mansion, erected, in 1761, by the late Sir James Clerk, Bart. : its situ-
ation is delightful, commanding a fine prospect of the valley in which the North
Esk flows, and terminated by the Western extremity of the Pentlands, and the
ruins oi Brimstone Castle : the Library contains an excellent collection of Books
and Paintings: and the Proprietories also collected a great number of Roman
antiquities, principally from the H^a// of Antoninus, and the Roman Camp at
Netherhy ; the surrounding policies are highly ornamental, and near the river is
Ossian's Hall, the much admired work of Runciman : at the back of the
house is an exact model of the celebrated Roman Temple, which formerly stood
on the banks of the Carron, and which Buchannan termed Templum Termini,
but is better known by the nsune of Arthur's Oon : on the opposite side of the
river, to the South, is an Obelisk, which is raised to the memory of Allan
Ramsay, the celebrated Poet, who frequently resided here, and is supposed to
have laid the scene of his beautiful Pastoral, " Tlte Gentle Shepherd," on the
borders of this Parish, and Glencross. Neiv Hall, about three miles above
Penycuick, on the North side of the North Esk, was, in 1529, and during
the rest of that Century, in the possession of a family of the name of
Crichtoune. How long it was a place of consequence, and inhabited by
them, before that period, is uncertain : but the Castle of Brimstone, the ruins
of wliich still remain, about two miles down the river, and on the same side,
was also occupied by a family of that name, in lo6S ; at which time, as appears
by this date on the wall, a part of it at least seems to have been built. Whe-
ther, prior to the date of the earliest writing, it had received the name of New
Hall, in contradistinction to an Old building that had formerly existed, is not
known; but that this was the case is probable, from its having been the opinion
of one of its proprietors that it was once a Religious House ; and also from the
name of New House having been given to a building in somewhat similar cir-
cumstances, close by it, on the lands of Spittal. Neiv Hall passed from the
Families of Crichtoune, Penycuick, and Oliphant, into that of Forbes, in
1703, to whom it now belongs. The Spittal was probably an Hospitium or
Inn, and the road, with its Crosses, which also served as land-marks, an accom-
modation for travellers passing from one Monastery to another ; the Back Spittal
iiuiting such as went by the North side of the hills. In confirmation of this, the
weary and benighted traveller is still considered as having a right to shelter and
protection at the Old Spittal : and one of the Out-houses, with some straw, is
PER
generally allotted for that purpose. It is also remarkable, that there is still an
Inn upon these lands, though indeed on a diflerent foundation, making the first
stage on the great Roads from Edinburgh to Moffat, and Dumfries and Biggar,
along the foot of the Pcnlland Hills : and farther, it is called the New House,
though now a very old one, seemingly to distinguish it from the Spittals, in the
place of which it had been built. These Lands, till lately, held of HerrioCs Hos-
pital, in Edinburgh : the last Proprietor who resided at Spittal, where there is
still a comfortable slated house, and some fine old ash trees, was a gentleman
of the name of Oswald, who was accidentally shot by his servant who was walk-
ing behind with his gun, in going to Slipperfield-Loch, in the Parish of Linton,
to shoot wild ducks ; he lies in that Church-yard, with a Latin Epitaph ; and after
his death, the property was acquired by Mr. Forbes. In the bed of the Esk,
are often found beautiful pebbles and bloodstones, which are esteemed by lapi-
daries. The remains of several encampments, both circular and rectangular,
are still visible in this neighbourhood. Ravens-Nook Castle, which is situate
on the Esk, was the property of the Sinclairs, of Roslin. Two Paper Manu-
factories here have lately been converted by Government into depots, for the
custody of French Prisoners.
PERCIE-TOWN, in the District of Cuninghame, and Shire of Ayr ; an
ancient Parish, now united to the Parish of Dreghorn. It is 21 m. E, N. E.
from Irvine.
PERSY, in the Sliire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Bendothy. This is a
detached Estate, situate on the river Shee : it is divided into North and South
Persy, and belongs to two Proprietors, who have inclosed tlie greatest part of it.
It formerly constituted part of the possessions of the Monks of Cupar of Angus.
A Chapel of Ease was built a few years ago at North Persy, for the accommo-
dation of the Inhabitants in the neighbourhood ; but not being endowed, the
seat-rents and collections, which amount to about £30., are the only Salary of
the Preacher, This Chapel is 9 miles distant from the Parish CIuucIk
PERT, in the Slure of Forfar : an ancient Parish, now united to the Parish
of Logie : The Church is situate on the Banks of the North Esk, very near the
Old North Water Bridge. The whole of the Parish of Pert is under thirlage
to the meal mill there ; some of the tenants 'paying -jV? and others ~- peck of
multure, besides knaveship, &c.
PERTH, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate in
the Shire of Perth : The Parish Church, which formerly belonged to the Abbey
PER
of Dnnfermlin, and was dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is a large aud ancient
Building, now divided into what are called The East, Middle, and WestChurches:
the Rectory Tythes usually paid, are divided between two Ministers: each of
whom has yearly from the Heritors, 80 bolls of oat-meal, and 70 bolls of barley,
and £'3.. 14.. 5^ of Vicarage Tythes ; besides which. The Town Council pay to
each of them annually, out of the Seat Rents, £21. .5. .6^, and have lately added,
during their pleasure, £20. more : The Town Council pay yearly to the Ordained
Assistant £100.; and, during their pleasure, to the Asssistant of the Senior
Minister, £50. jyer annum. It is in the Presbytery of Perth, and Synod of
Perth and Stirling. The Resident Population of this City, and Parishes,
was, viz.
For the East Church, Parish,
For the Middle Church, Parish,
For the West Church, Parish,
For St. Paul's Church, Parish,
In 1801.
In 1811
■
5371.
> 14,878.
1
4897.
3417.
J
3263.
14,878. 16,948.
It is 40|- m. N. b. W. from Edinburgh. The Markets are well supplied. The
Fairs are holden on the first Friday in March, the first Friday in April, the 15th
of June, the 5th and third Tuesday, O, S., in July, tlie 9th of September, the
20th of October, the 11th of December, and on Friday before Christmas day.
A General Post-Office is established here. The City of Perth is of great anti-
quity, and is supposed to have been in existence at the time when the Romans
extended their arms to the banks of the Tay : and it would appear from the
Itinerary of Richard of Cirencester, that there were three Roman Towns in
this Neighbourhood, called Alauna, Lindum, and Victoria; the last of which
was built by Agricola, on the river Tay, 28 miles from the exit of that river
into the German Ocean. The Picts, after their conversion to Christianity,
consecrated the Church, which they had built here, to St. John the Baptist,
whom they chose as the Tutelar Saint of the place, and which, from this cir-
cumstance, received the name of St. Johns Town. It is situate in the middle
of a verdant plain, which it divides into two parts, called The North and South
Inches ; each of which is about a mile and a half in circumference. About the
year 1210, it was strongly fortified, and was reckoned the Capital City of the
Scottish Kingdom, aud now ranks next in pre-eminence to Edinburgh, and
PER
Glaso-ow. Prior to the reign of the Stewart family it was the usual residence
of the Scottish Monarchs ; and the Parliament House, and many of the Houses
of the Nobility, still remain, though altered according to modern convenience.
In early times, it was a place of great trade : an extensive commerce was long
carried on between Perth and the Netherlands ; and many German merchants
or Flemings, after trading with Perth for a length of time, seem to have settled
there. It was considerably benefited also by the Civil Wars ; for a great num-
ber of Cromwell's officers and soldiers settled in it, and taught the Citizens of
Perth to improve their modes of life by the English arts, and excited among
them a spirit of industry. But, the great improvement of the Town is to be dated
from the year 1745, it being supposed to have increased nearly one-half since
that turbulent period ; as the government of this part of Great Britain had never
been properly settled, till a little after that time. The Castle, whicli stood near
the Skinner-Gate Street, rendered it a place of Military importance, and made
it frequently experience the calamities of war. In its Municipal capacity, Perth
is now a Royal Borough, and joins with Dundee, Forfar, Cupar of Fife, and St.
Andrew's, in sending one Member to Parliament, it is governed by a Provost,
who exercises the office of Sheriff and Coroner within the Royalty, three Baillies,
a Dean of Guild, Treasurer, and Town Council, the greater part of whom
are elected from the Incorporated Trades. The funds of the City are very con-
siderable, and have been expended with great judgment in making the various
improvements. The Tay, which is navigable up to the Quays for vessels of 120
tons burden, admits of great extension of commerce. The staple manufacture
of Perth is linen : but there are also considerable manufactures of cotton good,
leather, boots, shoes, and gloves ; and the Printing business has been carried
on to a vast extent by the patriotic firm of Morison. A respectable Bank-
ing Company, under the title of The Perth Bank, has been established for
many years ; and there is also a branch of The Bank of Scotland. This
is the County Town, the Seat of the Presbytery, and where the Circuit Court
of Justiciary, for the Northern Circuit, is holden twice a year. The Gram-
mar School has long been esteemed one of the best in Scotland, and has
produced many eminent Statesmen, and Scholars ; among whom must be
mentioned The Admirable Crichton, and the late celebrated and excellent
William Earl of Mansfield. There is also an Academy, in a deservc^Jly flou-
rishing state, where every branch of Natural Philosophy, Drawing, French, and
the Italian language, are taught by the most able Masters. On the 16tii of
PER
December 1784, A Literary and Antiquarian Society was established here,
who have a considerable collection of Books and subjects of Antiquity, suitable
to the design of their Institution. The manners of the Inhabitants are gay ;
and politeness, good sense, and moral rectitude, are their distinguishing features.
By a Decreet in 1602, they enjoy some particular Privileges ; one of which is,
that they are the only persons, who, in the course of trade, are exempted from
paying what is called " The Shore Silver at Dundee.'' In 1798, a New Town was
begun to be built upon feus from Mr. Anderson, on the ground where once
stood the Monastery of Black Friars, in which James the first was murdered by
The Earlof Athol and his accomplices : and already contains a Circus, and a
Terrace, of elegant houses. The magnificent Bridge over the Tay, which was
executed from a design of the late Mr. Smeaton, and which opens a communi-
cation with the various great roads that centre here, was completed in 1771, at
the expense of £26,000. Sterling. Besides the Tay, the City is supplied by a
part of the water of the Almond, which is conducted by an ancient Canal to the
Mills ; it also affords water for culinary purposes, and formerly filled the ditches,
when the Town was fortified. A little to the North- West of the New Town,
large and convenient Cavalry Barracks were lately erected, where generally
half a regiment of Horse are stationed. " It is to no purpose," says Mr. Pennant,
•'to search for any remains of the Monastic antiquities of this Place: fanatic
fury having in a few hours prostrated the magnificent works of mistaken Piety,"
It was at Perth, that The Reformed Religion was first publicly avowed. Mr.
John Knox, attended by many of the chief Nobility of the Kingdom, preached a
Sermon in the Parish Church here, against Idolatry, on Thursday the 11th of
May 1559 : After the Sermon, one of the Priests having given a trifling provo-
cation, a number of the people broke down all the Altars and Images, in the
Parish Church, and then proceeded to the entire demolition of the Monasteries ;
Ever since that remarkable ajra, a weekly Sermon has been preached at Perth,
on the Thursday forenoon. On the South-East side of the City, stands Gotcrie
Castle, formerly the residence of The Earls of Gowrie, until forfeited by that Noble
family, on account of that strange and mysterious transaction, called Goicrie's
Conspiracy, the scene of which was this House : and certain it is, that the
Attainder of this family caused very considerable Escheats to the Crown, and
afforded the means of gratifying a number of" rapacious Courtiers." After Lord
Gowiue's forfeiture, the Magistrates obtained the property of this Castle,
which, in the year 1746, they presented, together with the freedom of the Town,
PET
to His Royal Highness William Duke of Cumberland, from whom the Board
of Ordnanc#,as report says,purchasedit for £5000.: and it has ever since served
as Barracks, for the detachment of the Royal Artillery in Scotland. In the
garden of Gowrie House, in a walk near the river Tay, stands Tlie Monks'
Totcer : but neither the origin of its name, nor its use, are correctly ascertained.
Mr. Grose has preserved views both of this Castle, and Tower. — The Parish
of Perth is about 4 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth. The soil is partly
loam, and partly clay : and is exceedingly fertile, and well cultivated. The sur-
rounding scenery is truly delightful ; but, most of the estates in the neighbour-
hood being entailed, there are few Gentlemens' Seats : the most remarkable
houses are. The Castle o( Balhousie, an ancient Seat of the Earls of Kinnoul: —
The Castle of Pit-theveless, an ancient Seat of the Lords Oliphant : — and
Feu-House, a Seat belonging lo Mr. Marshall, of Hill-Cairney. The principal
Villages are Craigie-Mill, 3Iuir-toicn of Balhoiisie, and Tulloch. The British
title of Lord Perth, has lately been revived in an Ancient and Loyal branch of
the family of Drummond.
PERTH, SHIRE. This is one of the largest Shires in Scotland; extending
77 miles in length, and 68 miles in breadth, and containing 4,068,640 English
acres. On the North and West, it is covered by heathy mountains, part of the
Grampians, which are interseqted with numerous vallies full of natural wood;
and it is principally adapted for pasture, and the rearing of sheep and cattle.
On the South and East, the soil is of a stronger quality ; and, when properly
cultivated, is abundantly fertile : through this part of the County, there runs a
remarkable range of green bills, from South- West to North-East, called Uie
Ochils, which have long been famous for their large and hardy breed of sheep.
Strafhearn is that great valley, through which the fine river that gives its name to
the District, flows almost in a straight line for about 40 miles : its fertile banks
are adorned with Noblemen and Gentlemens' Seats, surrounded with flourishing
plantations ; and enjoy prospects equally grand, extensive, and beautiful. The
Resident Population of this Shire, in 1801, was 126,366, and, in 1811, was
135,093. It sends one Member to Parliament.
PETCOKS, V. STENTON.
PETER CULTER, in the District of Aberdeen, and Shire of Aberdeen:
formerly a Vicarage and Prebend, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 39j bolls
of oat-meal, 8^ bolls of bear, and £38. .5. .3. Sterling : the manse is old, but the
offices are neat and substantial : the glebe is less than the legal dimensioas r
VOL. II. 3 X
P E T
Patron, Mr. Duff, ofFetteresso : The Church was re-built, iu 1779, in an elegant
style. It is in the Presbytery, and Synod, of Aberdeen. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Parish, in 1801, was 871, and, in 1811, was 1032. It is 7 m. S.W.
from Aberdeen, This Parish is about 8 miles in length, and from 5 to 6 miles
in breadth, stretching along the Northern bank of the river Dee. The surface is
rugged and uneven ; the arable soil varies from a light loam to clay, with a mix-
ture of peat-moss, and is in general tolerably fertile : but the far greater part
is appropriated to the pasturage of black cattle, and sheep. Here is a consi-
derable extent of wood, both natural and planted. The principal manufacture is
that of paper, which is conducted with great success. The climate is particu-
larly healthy. Partridges are very numerous. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, a rood of land,
and £'1..14..2. from a fund left by two of the late proprietors o( Culter, Sir
Alexander Cuming, and Patrick Duff, Esq. , for teaching particular Scholars.
The Roads are indifferent. Fuel is expensive. The several Mansion-Houses
are, Countess- Wells, belonging to INIr. Burnett, — Binghill, to Mr. Watson, —
Mains of Mnrtle, to Mr. Gordon, — and Culter, to Mr. Duff, who is Proprietor
of about two-thirds of the Parish.
PETERHEAD, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen: formerly a
Rectory, belonging to the Abbey of Old Deer; the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was 5 chalders of meal, 3 chalders of bear, and £41..13..4. Sterling, including
£'8..6..8. for Communion elements: the manse is in tolerable repair: the glebe
consists of between 8 and 9 acres, a garden, and the privilege of pasturage on
the Links before the manse: Patron, The Crown: The Church was re-built in
an elegant manner, in 1771. It is in the Presbytery of Deer, and Synod of
Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801,
(including The Kirk-Town, Ronheads, Keith Inch or Quenzie, and the Town
of Peterhead, properly so called; and the Village of Boddom) was 4491, and,
in 1811, was 5070. It is 154 m. N. N. E. from Edinburgh. The weekly
Market on Friday is well supplied. The Fairs are holden on the third Tuesday,
O. S., in May, and the second Tuesday, O. S., in November. A General Post-
Office is established here. The Town is built upon a Peninsula, which projects
into the German Ocean, and forms the most Easterly point of land in Scotland:
the Isthmus, which connects it with the country, being only about 800 yards
broad. The Town, together with the adjacent lands, of considerable value and
extent, formerly belonged to the Abbey of Deer. In 1587, the Abbacy was
PET
erected into a Temporal Lordsliip in favour of Robert Keith, then Commenda-.
tor of Deer, by the title of Lord Altrek ; which Peerage becoming extinct,
the Superiority of the Town fell to The Earl Marischal ; who, in 1593, erected
it into a Burgh of Barony, under the name of Keilh Inch, and granted feus of
ground for building. After the forfeiture of The Earl Marischal in 1715, the
Town and Lands adjacent were bought by a Fishing Company in England ;
which failing in 1726, the property was purchased by the Governors of the
Merchant Maiden Hospital oi Edinburgh, of whom the Town at present holds
as Superiors. The government is vested in a Baillie, and 8 Counsellors : the
Baillie is named by the Superiors, and has his Commission from them : the
Counsellors are chosen annually by the Fcuars, at a general meeting called for
that purpose ; four of whom are chosen from among the merchants, two from
the Ship-masters, and two from the trades. The Revenue of the Burgh, which
is pretty considerable, is annually expended in the improvement of the place. It
is a commodious, and well built Town, and is much frequented in Summer for
its opportunities of Sea-bathing ; and the Mineral Well, called The Wine Well,
from the water sparkling in the glass, like Champagne, which has been long
and justly celebrated. Dr. Laing, who has published an analysis of its water,
recommends it sti'ongly in cases of general debility, disorders of the stomach and
bowels, nervous affections, and female complaints. Great exertions have been
made to accommodate the company who resort hither for their health ; and,
during the season, there are Assemblies every fortnight. Upon the Keith Inch,
there are many elegant Houses ; and, on the South side, is an old Castle, built
in the beginning of the Seventeenth century, by George Earl Marischal,
which is now used as a granary and store-house. Near it is a small Fort, and
a Guard-House, with a battery of four 12, and four 18 pounders, erected during
the late American war, after the attempts of Fall, the Pirate, upon several Sea
ports on the Eastern coast. It has long been a place of considerable trade ; and
has two Harbours, the North and tlie South; the North Harbour, which is the
oldest, has a pier of very large rough stones, and is chiefly used for laying up
vessels for the winter, and for receiving the large fishing boats from the Moray
Firth, and the fishing and Pilot boats of Peterhead : there is eleven feet depth
of water at stream tides in this harbour, but the channel is narrow. Here are
extensive manufactures of thread, woollen cloth, and cotton, and a large salt work.
The Salary of the Parochial School, which is ably conducted, is 13 bolls and 3
firlots of meal from the Country part of the Parish, £10. from the Town of
3X2
PET
Peterhead, and £'5- from the Merchants' box, together with School-fees, and
perquisites: besides which, there is a School for writing and arithmetic, settled
by Dr. Anderson's Trustees, with a Salary of £20. Sterling. —The Parish of
Peterhead, anciently called Peter Ugie, extends around the Town to the South
of the river Ugie, and comprehends about 7000 acres ; of which, 5000 are
arable, and 2000 are muir and moss. The sea coast extends about four miles,
and comprises the two Bays of Peterhead, and Jnvernetlie; and the three
Promontories of Satie's Head, Boddom Head, and Keith Inch; the latter of
which is unquestionably the Easternmost point of land in Scotland, and ought to
be termed Buchan-Ness, though that name is more generally given to Boddom
Head. The surface is in general flat ; and the soil varies from a sandy loam to
a rich black earth or strong clay, producing excellent crops. The air is rather
moist, and foggy. Fish of various kinds, and of an excellent quality, are in great
plenty. Old Craig, or Ravens Craig Castle, now in ruins, was formerly, and
for a long time, the seat of a branch of The Marischal Family. Here are
inexhaustible Quarries of excellent granite. The roads are indifferent. The
peat mosses are nearly exhausted ; but coals are procured at a moderate rate.
Every species of Servitude is abolished, except thirlage to the mills, which is
universally considered as a heavy burden, and a great obstacle to improvement.
Sir Walter Farquhar, Bart., so well known for his Medical practice in the
higher circles of the Kingdom, is a Native of this Parish. The Commissioners
FOR Highland Roads and Bridges in their Fourth Report observe, " on the
Coast of Aberdeenshire, about 15 miles South of Frazerburgh, the flourishing
Town of Peterhead lies in the bottom of a small Bay of the same name, eX[)osed
towards the South-East. The Harbour is in great want of improvement even
for its present purposes, and a scheme was furnished by Mr. Rennie in 1806,
embracing ulterior views to a great extent, but confined for the present to an
expenditure of £7,800. The Committee on the Forfeited Estate Funds recom-
mended £4200. to be allotted towards this purpose, and an application for that
sura was made accordingly in September 1806. The intended improvement
consists in extending the Jetty Head of the West Pier twenty yards further out,
and in deepening the Harbour four feet and a half by excavating 30,000 cubic
yards of rocky ground. An Act authorizing Tolls for the improvement of
Peterhead Harbour was obtained in 1807, and from that source the luhabitiints
intended to raise money suflficient to meet the sum expected from the Public;
but upon information that this could not be permitted, they without hcsitalioa
PET
agreed to raise a Moiety of £7,800. amon^ themselves, We paying the other
Moiety ; and further, that if we would allow tlie lull sum of X'4200. mentioned
in the Report of 1806, they would extend their Subscription in proportion, and
excavate the Harbour to a greater depth. This latter proposal we have declined,
until we shall be convinced, in the progress of the excavation, that such an
increase of expenditure would produce an adequate benefit. By a certificate
from Mr. Rennie, We find that the proposed extension of the Jetty of the West
Pier has been executed according to his Plan, and with considerable effect (as
we learn from Peterhead) in quieting the water within the harbour. The
Inhabitants of Peterhead have moreover entered into a Contract and Oblisration
to complete the intended excavation by the end of the year 18 11, and We under-
stand that two moveable Cofferdams are prepared for the difficult part of the
work, which can only be carried on in calm weather. The easier portion of the
work, which consists in removing rocks dry at ordinary low-water, is mostly
finished : and there appears to be considerable eagerness in the Inhabitants to
improve their Harbour, and consequently to fulfil their Contract as soon as
possible. We are assured, that, besides thus raising a Moiety of £7800., they
have mortgaged their Tolls for £4-500. with a view to further improvement.
The entrance of this Harbour is eighteen feet deep at Spring tides , and it is
expected that, from the improvement now in operation, the Harbour itself at
ordinary tides will accommodate vessels of fourteen to sixteen feet draft of
water." — By a Letter, dated the 8th of April, 1808, from Robert Robertson,
Esq , the Chief Magistrate of Peterhead, to The Commissioners, it appears,
that " a situation more favourable than Peterhead for the general advantage of
the Coasting Trade can scarcely well be conceived ; if a good Harbour was
made there, it would not only be of great advantage to vessels trading to and
from it, but to all vessels passing along the East coast of Scotland, as they could
in stormy weather, when they cannot with safety keep the sea, find shelter there.
If the North Harbour, and Wet Dock (of about three acres), were to be made,
theii is scarcely a Wind that blows which is dangerous on that coast, but what
they could enter it, and having the advantage of a South and North entrance
they could sail out of it with almost any wind, that would enable them to
proceed on their voyage ; viewing it in this light, Mr. Rennie is of opinion that
carrying the whole scheme into execution is an object of great Public Interest. —
The improvements proposed are,
Jst. To extend the Jetty-Head of the present West Pier about 60 feet nearly
PET
in the same direction as the present Jetty, and to deepen the present Harbour
over the wliole of its bottom about 4 feet or 4| feet (except where the slanting
Beach is proposed,) the expense of which Mr. Rennie estimates at £7,800,
2dly. To iforra a communication between the South and North Harbour, and
to form a Wet Dock of about three acres, and having 17 feet water at ordinary
Spring tides, the expense of which is estimated at £22,275.
3dly. To protect the Northern Bay or Harbour from the sea, and to form a
North Harbour by means of two large Piers, the expense of which Mr. Rennie
estimates at £34,860.
These improvements are such that they may be carried into execution pro-
gressively, and each part, so far as it goes, will produce a certain degree of
benefit."—
In their Fifth Report, dated the 1st of May, 1811, The Commissioners state,
" The Inhabitants of Peterhead engaged to remove 30,000 cubic yards of rocky
ground from the bottom of the Harbour, by the end of the year 1811 ; and their
eagerness to prosecute the intended improvement has been such, that they have
already called upon us for a final inspection : nor is there any reason to suppose
that they have not already fulfilled the contract, ninety men having been
employed by them during the last season, and their plans of improvement
extending farther than the bare completion of their engagement with us. We
are sorry to learn, that they have not been entirely successful in deepening the
Harbour Mouth, which has been attempted by means of moveable Cofferdams;
as these machines have only enabled them to sink holes in the rock, but not so
to clear it away, as to leave a smooth surface at bottom,-" — Peterhead is in the
Latitude of 57° 27' North, and the Longitude of l" 17' West from Greenwich.
PETER UGIE, V. PETERHEAD.
PETTINAIN, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark: formerly a Vicar-
age, the Stipend of which, by the late Act of Parliament for augmenting small
Livings, is £150., with £100. Scotch for furnishing Communion elements: the
manse was built in 1711 : the glebe consists of about 8 acres : Patron, The Earl
of Hyndford : The Church was built in 1698. It is in the Presbytery of Lanark,
and Synod of Glasgow an(/ Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, was 430, and, in 1811, was 401. It is 3 m. S. b. W. from Carnwath, and
5 m. E. b. S. from Lanark. This Parish is about 3 miles in length, and 2 miles
in breadth, stretching along the banks of the Clyde; where the haughs are very
extensive, and being enriched by the frequent inundations of the river, are
PET
exceedingly fertile : the hills are appropriated to pasture. The Salary of the
Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, exclusive of the annual produce of a mor-
tification, together with School-fees, a good house, and a snaall garden. The
climate is healthy. On the confines of the Parish to the South, are the vestiges
of a strong military Station; in which, urns and other antiquities have been dis-
covered. Tlic House of Westraw, or Westerhall, has undergone so many alter-
ations, that it has lost, in a great measure, the appearance of antiquity. The lands
of Weslraiv were given to Sir Adam Johnston, of that Ilk, in the time of James
the Second, King of Scotland, in reward for his loyalty; and, in particular, for
his activity in suppressing the Rebellion of The Earl of Douglas: they were
afterwards alienated, and now belono; to The Earl of Hvndford. The Public
roads are in tolerable repair ; but the cross-roads are bad. Coals are the general
fuel, which are brought from Ponfeigh about 7 miles distant.
PETTY, in the Shire of Inverness : formerly a Rectory, with the Vicarage
of Brachla united ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 78 bolls of barley, 2 bolls
of oat-meal, and £30. Sterling, together with about 10 acres of glebe land,'.most
of it a poor light .soil; the manse is in tolerable repair: Patron, The Earl of
Moray : The Church, which is situate inconveniently for the Parishioners, is
dedicated to St. Coluim. It is in the Presbytery of Inverness, and Synod of Moray.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1585, and, in 1811, was
1615. It is 6i m. N. E. from Inverness. This Parish extends along the South
East side of the Moray Firth, about 8 miles in length, and about 4 miles in
breadth : the greater part is flat, but rises considerably to the South : the arable
soil, which is nearly two-thirds of the Parish, is in general light and sandy,
though easily improved. The air is serene ; and the climate is dry, and healthy.
The great disadvantage under which this Parish labours, is the scarcity of fuel.
The Gaelic language continues in general use ; and tJie Highland dress is still
in a great measure retained. Personal Services are totally abolished. The land-
ing places on this part of the Moray Firth (for there are no Harbours) are but
indifferent : the water is shallow at and near the shore, and at low water the sea
retires to a great distance : but there are t\yo or three places, where safe and
commodious Harbours for small Vessels might be made at a trifling expense.
Two or three Fishing boats are employed here. The great Military Roads, aiiM
Bridges, are in excellent repair. The Salary of the Schoolmaster is twelve bolls
of Oat- meal, allocated on and paid by the Tenants, together with a School-
house built in 1784 at about half a mile from the Church, the School -fees which
PIE
are low, and some small perquisites. On the Estate of The Earl of Moray, is
an ancient Seat, called Castle Stuart, which was once designed for the Family
mansion ; but it has been for many years out of repair, and uninhabitable : it,
however, gives the title of Baron Stuart, of CaMle Stuart, to that Illustrious
Family, so created on the 4th of June, 1796. In different parts of the Parish
are vestiges of Druidical circles; and, near the Church-yard, are two artificial
mounds, which are said to have been places for administering Justice ; they are
called Tom Mhoit, i. e. Tlie Court Hill. A small part of this Parish belongs
to the Shire of Nairn.
PETTY-CUR, V. KINGHORN.
PHARNUA, V. KIRK-HILL.
PHILIPHAUGH, in the Shire of Selkirk ; and in the Parish of Selkirk, to
which Town it is opposite. Here was fought the decisive Battle, on the 13th of
September 1645, between The Earl of Montrose, and Lieutenant General David
Lesley, an account of which was published by the victors, under authority, in
London. Sir James Murray, who had been concerned in treasonable practices,
during the turbulent reign of Charles the Second, was, in 1689, made a Lord
of Session, by the Title of Philiphattgh: — In 1707, Mr. John Murray, who was
probably of the same family, was elevated to the same Seat, by the Title of Lord
Bowhill. Near this, is a mineral Spring. Within a mile of Philiphaugh, there
once stood on a height, near Broadmeadoiv, a monumental stone, called Wil-
liam's Cross: which, it is said, was raised, where one of the Earls of Douglas
was killed : This tradition points to the place, where William Douglas, the
Knight of Lidsdale, was slain by William Earl of Douglas. Godscroft says,
the Knight was hunting in " Galse Wood," when he was killed ; he was carried
the first night to Lindean Church, a mile from Selkirk ; and was buried in Melros
Abbey.
PHILLAN'S, ST., v. FORGAN.
PHILORTH, V. FRASER'S-BURGH, and RATHEN.
PHINHAVEN, CASTLE, v. KIRRIE-MUIR.
PHYSGILL, V. GLASSERTON.
PICARDY, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of St. Cuthbert.
This is a Suburb of the City of Edinburgh, on the North- East.
PICTS KNOW, V. EDENHAM.
PIERCEBY-HALL, v. TONDERGARTH.
PIER 0' WALL, V. WESTRAY, ISLAND.
P I T
PIERRE, ST., V. GUERNSEY, ISLAND.
PINKERTON, in the Sliire of IIadington ; and in the Parish of Dunbar:
The Chapel is demolislicd. A village, at the distance of 3 ra. SE. b. S. from
Dunbar. This was formerly a Prebend.
PINKIE, V. CRAIG-IIALL, and INVER-ESK.
PINKIE'S HOLE, v. STOBO.
PITCAIRN, V. LESLIE.
PITCAIRN-GREEN, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Red-
gorlon. This is an improving Village, lately erected on the estate of Colonel
Graham, oi Balgotvan. Mrs. Cowley, in her elegant Poem on its rapid increase,
predicts, that it will one day rival Manchester in its extent and trade,
PITCAIRN, NEW, or DRAGON'S DEN, in the Shire of Perth ; and in
the Parish of Dunning. This Village has lately been erected on feus from Mr.
Graham, of Ocliill: and is chiefly inhabited by weavers.
PITCORTHIE, V. CARNBEE.
PITCULLEN, V. BRIDGE-END.
PITCULLO, V. LEUCHARS.
PITCUR, CASTLE, v. KETTINS.
PITDENNIES, V. CAIRNEY-HILL.
PITFERRAN, v. CAIRNEY-HILL.
PITFOUR, V. DEER, OLD.
PITGAVENY, V. ANDREW'S, ST.
PITKEATHLY, v. DUNBARNY.
PITLESSIE, in the District of Cupar, and Shire of Fife ; in the Parish of
Cult. This is a pretty considerable Village, 4 m. S. W. from Cupar, on the
road to Kirkaldy.
PITLETHIE, V. LEUCHARS.
PITLIVER, in the District of Dunfermlin, and Shire of Fife: in the Parish
of Dunfermlin,froin which Town it is 2\ m. distant to the South-West. This
is the Seat of Robert Wellwood, Esq., of Greenock.
PITLOCHRY, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Moulin. This
is a small Village, situate on the great Military road from Perth to Inverness ;
and is about 6 miles distant from the famous Pass of Killicrankie.
PITLOUR HOUSE, v. STRATH-MIGLO.
PITMAIN, in the Shire of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Kingussie. , It i«
112t m. N. N. W. from Edinburgh. Here is an excellent Inn, close to the neat,
VOL. II. 3 Y
P I T
and thriving village of Kingussie ; where a General Post-Oflice is established,
which is commonly known by either name. About two miles from hence, is a
curious artificial cave. It is situate on the great Military road between Edinburgh
and Fort George. See, Laggan.
PITMILLY HOUSE, v. KINGS-BARNS.
PITREAVIE, V. MASTERTOWN.
PITSCOTTIE, V. CERES.
PITSLIGO, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly part
of the Parish of Aberdour, from which it was disjoined, and erected into a sepa-
rate Parish, in 1634 ; the Stipend, in 1811, being £'150., and a glebe : the manse
is in tolerable repair : Patron, The Crown : The Church is in bad condition.
It is in the Presbytery of Deer, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages of Pittaly, and Rosehearly)
Avas 1256, and, in 1811, was 1350. It is 4 ni. W. from Fraser's-Burgh. This
Parish is about 3^ miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth, stretching along
the coast of the Moray Firth. The surface is level ; and the soil is partly clay,
and partly a light loam, both of which are extremely fertile. Sea- weed is in
abundance, and the farmers have also the advantage of an inexhaustible bank of
shell sand. A considerable quantity of kelp is annually made here. Fuel is ex-
pensive. The Castle of Pitsligo, now in ruins, was the seat of the ancient
Barons of Pitsligo, attainted in 1745 ; and now belongs to Sir William Forbes,
the representative of that Family : The remaining part of the estate of Pitsligo,
extending about a mile and a half along the Sea-coast, being now in the posses-
sion of Lord Gardenstown.
PITSLIGO, NEW, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen: in the
Parish of Tyvie. This Village is principally inhabited by weavers: it was lately
built under the auspices of its patriotic and benevolent proprietor. Sir William
Forbes, and promises to rival the most flourishing villages in Buchan. Here is
an extensive bleach-field, which is furnished with excellent machinery, and
every necessary convenience. Fuel is in great plenty. The Society for propa-
gating Christian Ki.owledge have established a School here, witli a Salary of
£6., and Sir William Forbes very generously allows £6. per annum more to
the Master.
PITTALY, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen : in the Parish of
Pitsligo. It is 4 m. W. N. W. from Fraser's-Burgh. This is a small Fishing
Village, upon the Moray Firth : which, together with the lands o( Pittendrum,
P I T
belong to Sir William Forbes, having been purchased by hira from the late
William Cumine, Esq., oi Pittaly.
PITT ARROW, V. MONTROSE.
PITTENCRIEFF, v. DUNFERMLIN.
PITTENWEEM, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally
situate in the District of St. Andrew's, and Shire of Fife : formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., and a glebe : the manse was built in
1720 : Patron, Sir John Anstruther, Bart. : The Church is in tolerable repair.
It is in the Presbytery of St. Andrew's, and Synod of Fife. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 1072, and, in 1811, was 1096. It
is 33^m. NE. b. N. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is established
here. It is situate on the Northern coast of the Firth ofForlh, and had formerly
a considerable trade : but having suffered much in its commerce between the
years 1639 and 1645, and the fishery having also decayed, it was greatly de-
creased : of late, however, its trade and population have begun to revive. Pit-
tenweem was erected into a Royal Borough by James the Fifth, in 1547 ; and
it is now one of the Contributary Boroughs with Crail, in sending one Member
to Parliament. This Parish is about a mile and a quarter in length, and about
half a mile in breadth. The surface is flat ; and the soil is a fertile black loam.
The air is dry, and healthy: and the water is remarkably soft, while that of the
neighbouring Parishes is hard and brackish. The roads are good. About 8 tons
of kelp are annually made here. The Prioi-y of Pittenweem, now in ruins, was
a House of Canons Regular of the Order of St. Augustine, dedicated to The Vir-
gin Mary, and a Cell to the Mitred Abbey of St. Andrew's. It had large landed
endowments, together with the Churches of Rhind, Anstruther Wester, &c.,
which are now erected into a. Regality, called The Regality of Pittemoeem, of
which the Lairds of Anstruther are Heritable Baillics. In 1567, Colonel Stuart,
Captain of His Majesty's Guards, was appointed Commendator of Pittenweem :
in 1609, his son, Frederick Stuart, was raised to the dignity of Lord Pitten-
weem, by the favour of King James the Sixth : but, dying without male issue,
the Honour became extinct. Mr. Grose has preserved a view of this Priory.
The learned John Douglas, late Lord Bishop of Salisbury, and author of the
vindication of Milton from the charge of plagiarism against Lauder, was a
native of Pittenweem : in 1786, he was nominated one of the Vice-Presidents of
The Society of Antiquaries of London, and was also one of the Trustees of
The British Museum ; and, after a life actively devoted to the cause of
3 Y2
P L A
literature and religion, retaining his faculties to the last, he died of a gradual
decay, without a struggle, on the 18th of May 1807, aged 86, and was buried in
St. George s Chapel, Windsor.
PITTENSEIR, V. LLAN BRIDE.
PIT-THEVELESS, CASTLE, v. PERTH.
PITTILLOCK, V. MARKINCH.
PITTODRY, V. OYNE.
PITVAR, in the Shire of Perth ; in the Parish ofFossaway. These Lands
originally belonged to The Earls of Tullibardine. But a Clan then at variance
with the MuRRAYS, having committed some depredations on them, the aggres-
sors were pursued ; and being found in a Church, feasting on the cattle which
they had stolen, the Murrays shut the gates, and setting hre to the Churclj,
consumed every person in it. This action which appeared so cruel, and being
committed in the Church, which was reduced to ashes, was highly offensive to
the clergy : who represented it in terms so aggravated, that the Murrays were
excommiinicated by the Pope. Hence, as an atonement, and to make peace
with the Church, the C/(ie/'tom of the Murrays made over the lands ofPitvar
to the Abbots of Culross. These lands now hold of the Crown, as having: come in
the place of that Abbacy; and ihe first Minister of Culross, at present, receives
the duties payable out of these lands, as part of his Stipend. As this was the
most Southern part of the Lands belonging to the Murrays, and on the extre-
mity of the County, it is highly probable, that it obtained the original name of
Pitvar, by way of distinction ; Pit, signifying a Hollow, and Varar, an old name
oi Murray: and hence, Foram yEsfwanwm was the Latin name for Tlie Moray
Firth. Here also is Tlie Monlis Grave.
PLADA, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Lorn, and
Shire of Argyle : it constitutes part of the Parish of Killbrandon, and is pro-
ductive of slate.
PLADA, ISLE, in the Firth of Clyde, and Shire of Bute. It is situate to the
Southward of the Isle of Arran, about a mile from thence, and constitutes part
of the Parish of Kill-Mory. Here a Light-House has lately been erected, with
two different lights, to distinguish it in the night from those on the Mulls of Csin-
lyre, Galloway, and Cumbray. It is a low, small Island ; and was probably at
some ancient period severed from that of Arran, as the name Bladlian, i. c.
to break, seems to indicate.
PLAIDS, in the Shire of Cromarty, though locally situate in the Shire of
P L U
Ross ; and in the Parish of Tain. Il is situate on the Bay of Tain, at the dis-
tance of a mile Norlli-East from tlic Burgh. See, Cromarty.
PLATANE, FOREST of, v. KIRRIE.-MUIR.
PLEABRAE, v. MAXTON.
PLEAN-MUIR, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parisli of St. Ninian's,
It is 2| m. N. from Denny. Here is an extensive Colliery.
PLEASANTS, The, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parisli of St.
Cuthbert. This is a Suburb of the City of Edinburgh, on the South-East. It
formerly belonjred to the Eurls of Roxburgh, and was purchased from one of
them by the Magistrates of Edinburgh, in the year 1636. Here was a Priory
of Nuns, dedicated to St. Mary ofPlacentia: and the Street still bears, corrujjtly,
the Name of The Pleasants: the lime, and the founder of this Religious estab-
lishment, are unknown.
PLENDERLEITH, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh ;
in the Parish of Oxnam : The Chapel is demolished, but the Cemetery continues
still to be used. This is a small Village, situate near the source of the river
Oxnam, and at the distance of 9 miles SE. b. S. from Jedburgh.
PLUNTON CASTLE, v. BORGUE.
PLUSCARDEN, in the Shire of Elgin ; and in the Parish of Elgin. This
Priory stands on the North side of the river Lossie, about six miles South-West
from the Town of Elgin, and near the entrance of the Valley, at the foot of the
North Hill. It was founded by King Alexander the Second, in the year 1230,
and was dedicated to the Honour of St. Andreic, and named ValUs Sancti An-
drece. It was peopled with Monks of ValUs Caulium, in France, a reform of the
Cistertians, following the Rule of St. Bennet. These Monks for some time
strictly observed the constitutions of their Order, but at length relaxing in their
discipline, and by degrees becoming vicious, the Monastery was reformed, and
from an independent House, was degraded to a Cell of the Abbey of Dunfermlin.
By the munificence of divers pious persons, this Monastery became very rich.
The wliole Valley of Pluscarden, three miles in length ; the lands, and mills,
at Old Mills, near the Town of Elgin ; some lands in Durres ; and the lands of
Grange Hill, belonged to it ; and at the latter place, the Priory had c, Grange and
a Cell of Monks. The vralls of the Precinct are almost entire, and make nearly a
square figure : The Church, which stands about the centre, is a fine edifice, in
the form of a Cross, with a square Tower in the middle, all of hewn stone. The
POL
Oratory and Refectory join to the South end of the Church, under which is the
Dormitory. The Chapter House is a piece of curious workmanship ; the
vaulted roof of which is supported by one Pillar. The lodgings of the Prior, and
cells of the Monks were all contiguous to the Church. Here are, in different
parts, paintings m fresco on the walls. Within the Precincts were excellent gar-
dens. The Prior was Lord of Regality within the Priory Lands, and had a dis-
tinct Regality, in Grange Hill, called " The Regality of Stuneforenoon." At the
Reformation, Sir Alexander Seaton, afterwards Earl of Dunfermlin, was,
in 1565, made Commendator of Pluscarden : he disposed of the Church lands
and the patronage, the lands of Grange Hill, and the Barony of Pluscarden, and
Old Mill, on the 23d of February 1595, to Kenneth Mackenzie, oi Kintail,\\\\o
got a new grant of that Barony, dated the 12th of March 1607 ; and which after-
wards passed through the families of Caithness, Bateman, Grant, and Brodie,
into that of Duff, and are now the property of The Earl of Fife. It is commonly
reported, that the famous Book of Pluscarden, seen and perused by George
Buchanan, was written here ; but that Book is supposed by many persons,
with great probability, to have been only a copy of Fordun, belonging to this
Monastery. Mr. Grose has preserved a View of it.
POINT of AYRE, in THE ISLE of MAN, v. KIRK BRIDE.
POLDOW, WELL, v. COLDSTONE.
POLDO WN, in the Shire of Ross ; and in the Parish of Applecross. It is
situate on the Atlantic Ocean, and has a small Harbour ; close to which is
abundance of shell marie.
POLE, NORTH and SOUTH, v. DRIMSYNIE.
POLG AVIE, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Inchture. It is 9 m.
S W. b. W. from Dundee. This is a neat Village, situate on the Northern bank
of the Firth of Tay, M'ith a pier and harbour for vessels of 60 or 70 tons burden.
Great quantities of lime, and coals, are here imported. It is the properly of
Lord KiNNAiRD, who, in 1797, erected a large Granary here, capable of con-
taining 6000 bolls of victual.
POLLOCK, V. EAST-WOOD.
POLLOCK-SHAWS, in the Shire of Renfrew : and in the Parish of East-
Wood. It is 3^ m. SW. b. W. from Glasgow. This is a populous Village,
situate in a fine Valley, interspersed with trees, and watered by the river Cart,
and Auldhonse Burn. On one side it is skirted with neat Blcach-lields in con-
P O L
slant verdure ; on the other, with well cultivated iriclosures : and affords from
the surrounding eminence, a delightful prospect of a manufacturing yet rural
Village.
POLMAISE, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of St. Ninian's.
This is a small Villnge.
POLMONT, in the Shire of Stirling: formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 111 bolls 2 firlots 1 peck and 2 lippies of bear, 56 bolls of
meal, and £152. .10.. 10. Scotch in money, with £8..f3..8. for Communion ele-
ments, and a glebe ; the manse, and offices, are in good repair : Patron, The
Crown : The Church was built in 1732. It is in the Presbytery of Linlithgow,
and SjTiod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 2194, and, in 1811, war 1827. It is 3^ m. E. S. E. from Falkirk.
This Parish is 5 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth ; and was disjoined
from the Parish of Falkirk, in 1724, A considerable extent ofitisrich carse
land, rising towai'ds the South into the dry -field ; all of which, except a small
muir and some Commonty, are under cultivation. It is bounded on the North
by the Firth of Forth, and on the East by the river Avon : a small part of it is
intersected by a short cut from Grangemouth, which is now the only navigable
communication between The Great Canal and the Forth. Here are several con-
siderable Quarries of excellent free-stone. There are also several coal mines,
of a remarkably fine quality, chiefly belonging to The Duke of Hamilton: bat
the principal one, which was at Shieldhill, and which was let in lease to The
Carron Company, has lately been relinquished by them, and the workmen re-
moved to their other coal-works in the neighbourhood of their extensive concerns.
The climate is very healthy. Polmont gives the title of Baron to the Illustrious
House of Hamilton. The Minister of Polmont has Stipend not only from liis
own Parish, but also from those of Falkirk, and Denny.
POLMOOD, V. DRUMMELZIER.
POLTALLOCH, v. KILL-MARTIN.
POLWORTH, in the Shire of Berwick : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £'24..17..0. Sterling in money, 64 bolls of oats, 32 bolls
of barley, with a manse, and a glebe of about 14 English acres : Patrons, The
Trustees of The Earl of Marchmont : The Church is ancient, and, on the front
of it, is a Latin Historical Inscription by the first Lord Marchmont, dated in 1703,
and in which, it is said, that there is some fiction, as to the antiquity of the
Church. It is in the Presbytery of Dunse, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale.
POM
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 291, and, in 1811, was
307. It is 3 m. N. E. from Greenlaw. This Parish is about 3 miles in lensrth,
and about 2 miles in its utmost breadth. The soil is mostly clay, lying on a cold
tilly bed ; other parts are gravelly, and some are sandy : on the North-West
there is a considerable extent of muir. The whole of the Parish is inclosed,
except a small Farm, and the Muir, which is allotted by The Earl of March-
MONT, sole Proprietor of the Parish, to the use of the Village, for pasture and
fuel. There are several extensive woods, and plantations. The Inhabitants are
very healthy, although the Village is situate upon a wet and even swampy piece
of ground ; in the middle of which, are two Thorn Trees, at about six yards dis-
tance from each other, around which, it was formerly the custom, for every new
married couple, with their company, to dance in a circle : and from hence ori-
ginated the well known Scottish Song,
" At Poltsart on the green.
If you'll meet me the morn,
Where lasses do conveen,
To dance about the Thorns — Ramsay.
but this innocent custom has now fallen into unmerited disuse, Polworth gives
the title of Baron to the Ancient and Noble Family of Home, Earl of March-
MONT ; having been made a Baronial Burgh, in 1587. In April J 696, Lord
Polworth, when he was created Earl of Marchmont, was also made Lord
Greenlaw.
POMONA ISLAND, or MAINLAND, one of the Orkneys. This is the
largest of the Orkney Islands, extending from East to West, which is its longest
direction, not less than 30 English miles, and through that space discovers, in
point of appearance, soil, culture, and elevation, a very considerable degree of
variety : its breadth is by no means so great ; for, though it reaches nearly 16
miles on the West side, the East does not extend above five or six : and near the
middle, it is so narrow, as to form a neck of land, which comprehends little
more than a mile in length, dividing the Island into two Peninsulas. The spa-
cious and beautiful bay of Scalpa, bounds the one side of this Isthmus, and the
Bay of Kirkwall the other: and the ground that lies between them is at once so
flat, so damp, and, in other respects, of such a nature, as to render it pi-obable
that the sea some time or other has occupied the whole space between them.
A ridge of hills, of no great height, rises towards its Eastern extremity, which,
P O R
stretches Westward along the North side of the Parish of Holm, suffers an
interruption at the Bayof Scalpa, is continued again through a considerable part
of the Parish of Orphir (where the direction is suddenly changed towards the
North at nearly a right angle), and extends through the Parishes of Firth and
Rendal, six miles distant from, and in aline nearly parallel to, the hills ofStromness
and Sandwick, the Western Boundaries of the Island. Through the whole of this
extensive tract, the hills are generally green on the sides, many parts of which
are very productive when cultivatt^d ; and the summits are covered with such
an excellent mixture of various sorts of grass and heath, as affords almost con-
stantly a secure haunt for multitudes of moor-game, as well as pasture for
sheep, black cattle, and horses. This Island is divided into the Parishes ofEvie
and Rendal, Birsa and Harra, Sandwick, Stromness, Firth and Stennis, Kirk-
wall and St. Ola, St. Andrew's and Deerness, Holm and Paplay, and Orphir.
The Mineralogy of this Island, according to Mr. Jameson, is by no means inter-
esting; the whole of the Island, excepting a SDiall portion near to Stromness,
being entirely composed of sandstone, sandstone flag, shistose clay, and in oue
place limestone and basalt make their appearance.
POOLEW, in the Shire of Ross ; and in the Parish of Gairlocli. This is a
Fishing Village, situate on the Northern bank of the river Eic, at its confluence
with Loch Etc; and at the distance of 2324- m. N W. b. N. from Edinburgh.
POOLT ANTON, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown;
in the Parish of Old Luce. It is situate at the entrance of the small river of the
same name, which unites with the river of Ldice, within High-water mark.
Here is a small Bay, but it does not afford sufficient depth of water for vessels
above 60 or 70 tons burden, even at the highest Spring tides.
PORT, or PORT of MONTEITH, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'150. ; the manse is in decent
repair : the glebe consists of more thanlhe legal extent : Patron, Mr. Erskine,
of Cardross ■' The Church is in tolerable condition. It is in the Presbytery of
Dunblane, and Synod of Perth and Stirling. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 1569, and, in 1811, was 1659. It is 15 m. W. N. W.
from Stirling. This Parish takes its name from the district o[ 3Ionteith, in which
it is situate. In the Northern parts, the surface is rocky and mountainous, and
mostly covered with heath : but the Southern parts are more level, and, towards
the banks of the Forth, are exceedingly fertile. Peats ai-e in plenty, but are
obtained with considerable trouble and expense. The climate is wholesome.
VOL. 11. 3 Z
FOR
There are several Lakes ; of which, the Loch o^Monteith, and Loch Vennochar,
are the most extensive, and noted for their romantic scenery. Cardross, the
Seat of Mr. Erskine : and Gartmore, the Seat of Mr. Graham, are beautiful
Mansions, and are surrounded with extensive and flourishing plantations.
PORT ALLAN, in th Shire of Wigtown ; and in the Parish of Sorbie.
This is a small Village, and Harbour, on the Western coast oJ Wigtoicn Bay.
PORTANSHERRY, FERRY, on the Eastern bank of Loch Awe, v. IN-
VERARY.
PORT-ASKAIG, in the Island of Islay, and Shire of Argyle : in the Parish
of Kill- Arrow. A General Post-Office is established here. A good road has
been made from hence to Bridge-End, at the sole expense of Walter Camp-
bell, Esq., o^ Shatrjield, the Proprietor: and, under the auspices of The Par-
liamentary Commissioners, an excellent road has been continued from Bridge-
End to Port-na- Haven, the South-West extremity of Islay ; by which means
an easy and perfect intercourse is effected across the whole Island. Port-Askaig
is also connected with Keills, on the Main-land, by the Ferries of Feoline and
Lagg, and the new line of load through the Island of Jura ; which supersedes
the necessity of the Pacquet, to Loch Tarbert, and Loch- Gilp- Head, the ori-
ginal communication with the Main-land of Argyle. See, Islay, Island, and
Jura, Island.
PORT DUNDAS, in the Shire of Lanark. This is an improving Village,
situate upon The Great Canal, at the distance of 3 m. N W. b. N. from
Glasgow: and is so named in honour of Lord Dundas, by whose exertions The
Canal, in a great measure, owes its completion.
PORTEASY, in the Shire of Banff ; and in the Parish of Rathven. It is 5
m. W. from Cullen. This became a Fishing Station in 1727, when five Houses
were built by the Proprietor of Rannes, for the accommodation of the original
fishermen from Findliorn : and it is now, in 1811, in a flourishing state.
PORT-GLASGOW, v. NEW PORT-GLASGOW.
PORT GOWER, in the Shire of Sutherland : and in the Parish of Lotli.
This is a small Bay, situate a little to the South-West of the Promontory, called
The Ord of Caithness, and where the Moray Firth is about 15 leagues in
breadth. In the montli of December, 1805, Mr. Telford "reported to The
Committee on the funds of The Forfeited Estates, that a small Harbour,
tMipable of affording protection for coasting vessels and fisliing boats, appears
absolutely necessary for the improvement of this extensive County. The pre-
P O R
moting a Fishery along llie Coast (wlierc fish abound), and facilitating the im-
portation of coals, are alone important considerations, but the introduction of
useful labour, suitable for the several adjacent districts, cannot be accomplished
until there is a safe Harbour, and roads of Communication opened from the shore
into the interior of the country."
PORTINCAPLE, v. ROW.
PORTINCROSS, V. KILLBRIDE, WEST.
PORTINLECH, in the Shire of Sutherland : and in the Parisli of Cricch.
It is 205 m N. b. W. from Edinburgh. See, Bonnr.
PORTINSTOCK, FERRY, v. STRACHUR.
PORT KINTRA, in The Isle of Mull, and Shire of Argyle : in the Parish
of Killviceuen. It is SSf m. W. S. W. from Achnacraig. A Fishing Station
has been established here on the Farm of Creech, opposite the Isle of I-Colm-
Kill, at which there are eight or nine boats constantly employed ; and the an-
choring grounds in the immediate neighbourhood are so good, and so well pro-
tected by large rocks and high lands, that ships of large size frequently run there
for shelter. Cattle are landed here every year from I-Colm-Kill, and from the
Islands ofTir-Y, Barra, South Uist, &c., very frequently. Aline of road has
been surveyed from hence, by Loch Bunesson, Loch Scredan, and Loch Spelvie,
to the Ferry of Achnacraig, which, it is hoped, will ultimately be carried into
effect. It is the property of The Duke of Argyle.
PORT LETHEN, in the Shire of Kincardine ; and in the Parish of Ban-
chory Davinick. It is !■{ m. S. from Aberdeen. This is a Fishing Village, on
the German Ocean. The Fishermen here, have each a house, garden, liberty
of fuel, with nearly an acre of land, and a right to the harbour, for £'2..15..0.
Sterling annually.
PORT-MAHOLMACK, v. TARBAT.
PORT MARY, V. RERRICK.
PORTMOAK^, in the Sliire of Kinross : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in ISll, was £50., together with 26 bolls of meal, 22 bolls of barley, and
16 bolls of oats, with £8.. 6. .8. for Communion elements : the manse is in very
good order : the glebe consists of 13 acres, one half of which is good land, and
the other very bad : Patron, George Graham, Esq., of Kinross : The Church was
built in 1659, and is tolerably decent. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkaldy, and
Synod of Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (mcludingthe
Villages of Kinnesswood, and Scotland's-Well) was 1151, and, in 1811, was 1246.
3Z2
P O R
It is 5 m. E. from Kinross. The name of tliis Parish is derived from St. Moak, in
honour of whom a Priory was erected on the banks of LochLeven : Port was pre-
fixed to it, from its being the nearest land to the Isle ofServamis, and consequently
the usual landing place from the Priory of Loch Leven, which was situate in that
Island. It contains 6404 Scotch acres ; of which, about 4054 are arable. The
surface presents an agreeable variety of landscape, of fertile fields, craggy
mountains, rich meadows, and thriving plantations, lying around the beautiful
expanse of water, Loch Leven. The arable land, which mostly lies at the East-
ern extremity of the Lake, and on the banks of the river Leven, which issues
from it, is light, early, and very pi-oductive. The climate is healthy. In the
Bishop's Hill, are inexhaustible Quarries of lime-stone ; and there is also abun-
dance of fi"ee-stone, and muir-stone, in several parts of the Parish. The Roads
are in very bad order : and there is only one Bridge, across tiie Leven, which
was built upwards of a Century ago. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300
nierks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a good School, and
School-house. Fuel is cheap, and in great abundance. On the Eastern bank
of the Lake, stood the Monastery of Portmoak : it was founded by Eogasch,
King of the Picts, deriving its name from St. Moak, the Prior of it, and was
consecrated to The Holy Virgin : it originally belonged to the Culdees, and had
considerable possessions : on the 5th of October 1570, it was united to St. Leo-
nard's College, by John Winram, Sub-Prior of St. Andrew's ; and it is now so
entirely demolished, that only as much of one corner of it remains, as to show
the place where it was erected. The beautiful and spacious Lake of Loch Leven,
which is half surrounded by this Parish, is about 12 miles in circumference, and
is interspersed with four small Islands : it abounds with fish, and aquatic fowls,
of various kinds, and is a source of very considerable emolument to the Proprie-
tors. On St. Serfs Isle, which contains about 48 English acres of good pasture,
was situate the ancient Priory of Loch Leven, dedicated to St. Serf or Servamis ;
it is said to have been built by Brudeus, the last but one of the Pictish
Kings, who gave the Island to the IMonks or Culdees of Servanus: in the begin-
ning of the Twelfth Century, it was annexed to the Priory of St, Andrew's, by
David the First ; and Patrick Graham, Archbishop of St. Andrew's, who died
a prisoner in Loch Leven Castle, in 1478, was buried within its Chapel : the
ruins of the Monastery are still visible. Tlie Castle of Loch Leven, anciently a
Royal residence, stands on another Island in this Lake, of about two acres in
extent : it was granted by Robert the Third to Douglas, Laird of Loch Leven,
P O R
and was formerly a very strong place : In 1335, it sustained a memorable siege
by Sir John de Stirling, one of the Partisans, and a principal officer of Edward
Bauol, who, under the protection of Edward the Third of England, contested
the Crown with David the Second : after the Assailants had several times
attempted to take it by storm, and had as often been repulsed, they adopted the
plan of damming up the river which flows from the Lake, expecting thus to raise
the water so high, as to drive the besieged out of the Fortress : the water con-
tinued to rise daily, and thoy thought themselves sure of success, when the
English General, and most of the troops, having left the camp, to celebrate the
festival of St. Margaret, at Dunfermlin, the besieged then siezed the favourable
opportunity, and broke down the dam; on which the water rushed out with such
impetuosity, as to overwhelm the camp of the English, and to throw them into
the utmost confusion : tha besieged then I'eturned to the Castle in triumph, and
were no more disturbed : at the Eastern extremity of the Lake, some remains
of this dam are still to be distinguished. — The circumstance, however, which
renders this Castle particularly conspicuous in Scottish history, is the confinement
of the beautiful and accomplished, but unfortunate Queen Mary, after she had se-
parated from BoTHWELL, and was made captive by the Confederate Lords, at the
battle of Pinkie : here she was under the care of the Mother of Murray, who had
been married to Douglas, of Loch Leven: this woman, whose manners are repre-
sented to have been as rude as her conduct had been irregular, and who bore an
implacable hatred towards Mary, treated her with great indignity ; here the
disconsolate Queen suffered all the miseries of a rigorous captivity, which she en-
deavoured to mitigate and solace, by practising those accomplishments which she
had learned in happier times ; amusing herself alternately with her needle and the
lute, singing those beautiful effusions of Lyric poetry, which are attributed to
her pen ; here, too, she was forced to sign a i-esignation of her Crown to her
son, and the appointment of Murray, as Regent, a person whom she utterly de-
tested: several attempts were made to rescue her, which the vigilance of her
Keepers rendered abortive ; but, in the family who exercised the hateful office of
Gaolers, she found a deliverer ; and that in a gallant Youth of Eighteen,
George Douglas, her Keeper's younger brother ; who, captivated by her
charms, and touched with pity for her misfortunes, stole the keys of the Castle
from his brother, released the Royal prisoner, and conveyed her from the Island
to the opposite shore, where she was received with the utmost joy by Lord
Seaton, Sir James Hamilton, and a few more of her zealous friends. Mr.
P O R
Grose has preserved a view of the ruins of this Castle : and the contra st 1 c-
tween its ancient splendour and its present state, is beautifully painted by
Michael Bruce, the youthful Bard, who drew his first breath, and spent the
greater part of his short life, on the banks of Loch Leven: —
" No more its arches echo to the noise
Of joy and festive mirth. No more the glance
Of blazing taper through its windows beams,
And quivers on the undulating wave :
But naked stand the melancholy walls,
Lash'd by the wint'ry tempests, cold and bleak,
That whistle mournful through the empty halls,
And piece-meal crumble down the towers to dust,
Equal in age, and sharers of its fate."
It is the property of the Ancient and Illustrious Family of Douglas, Earl of
Morton, and to whom it gives the title of Baron Douglas, of Loch Leven, in
England, so created on the 30th of July, 1791. Andrew Wintan, Prior of Loch
Leven in the reign of James the First, was a native of this Parish: he wrote
The Loch Leven Chronicle," in Scotch metre, a Copy of which is preserved in
the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh, and is frequently consulted by later wri-
ters. John Douglas, of the family of Pittendriech, the first Protestant Arch-
bishop of St. Andrew's, was also a native of Portmoak. Oliver Cromwell,
after defeating the Royal army at Inver-Keithing under the command of Sir
John Brown, of For del, halted in this Parish, in his way to Perth, and lodged
in the house of Kirkness: this Estate then belonged to, and is still possessed by
a branch of the Morton Family. In the East corner of the Parish are the ruins
of The Castle of Arnott, which was in the possession of a Family of that name,
upwards of 600 years ; it now belongs to the descendants of Sir John Bruce,
Bart. , of Kinross.
PORTMORE, BAY, v. LOCH RYAN.
PORT-NA-IIAVEN, in the Island of Islay, and Shire of Argyle: in the
Parish of Kill-Choman. This is a neat, and improving Village, situate at the
Southern extremity of Tlie Rinns of Islay, and is famous for its Cod fishery. An
excellent line of road, under the auspices /iectability of the
Family, has not, for upwards of four hundred years, gained or lost a single acre.
One of the old Highland alliances has continued for more than two hundred years,
and is still subsisting between Macleod, ofRaasay, and Macdonald, o( Skye,
in consequence of which, the survivor always inherits the arms of the deceased;
a natural memorial of military friendship. At the death of the late Sir James
Macdonald, [his sword was delivered to the present Laird of Raasay. Dr.
Johnson has left a pleasing testimony of the elegance and hospitality with which
he was entertained by this truly respectable family.
RABBIT ISLAND, off the Coast of Sutherland; and in the Parish of
Tongue. It is situate in the entrance of Tongue Bay, and abounds with Rabbits ;
from whence it derives its name.
RACHAN, V. KIRK-URD.
RACHAZIE, within the Jurisdiction of the City of Glasgow, and Shire
of Lanark : in the Barony Parish. It is 3 m. E. N, E, from Glasgow. Here fs
a School, with a portion of the Parochial Salary.
RACKWICK, V. HOY, ISLAND.
RAEBERRY CASTLE, v. IvIRKCUDBRIGHT.
RAECLEUGH-HEAD, v. LANGTON.
RAE-DYKES, v. AUCHTERLESS.
RAFFORD, in the Shire of Elgin : formerly a Rectory, and Prebend, the
Stipend of which, in 181 1, was 76 bolls 3 firlots of barley, and £349.. 13.. 4. Scotch,
R A L
including 100 merks for Communion elements ; the manse was rebuilt, in 1746:
Patron, Miss Brodie, otLethen: The Church was rebuilt, in 1754. This was
formerly the seat of the Sub-Chantor of Moray. It is in the Presbytery of Forres,
and Synod of Moray. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1030,
and, in 181 1, was 974. It is 2 ra. E. S.E. from Forres. This Parish is about 8 miles
in length, and from 3 to 5 miles in breadth. A small part of it was added to the
Parish of Kiiiloss ; and the Parish of Altyre, formerly annexed to Dallas, was
united to RafFord, in 1661. The surface is much diversified ; part of it being low,
flat, and fertile ; and part of it elevated, moorish, and rocky. The soil also varies
from a deep and rich clay, to a hot and blowing sand, or moorish gravel. The
climate is healthy. None of the hills are remarkable for their altitude ; they are
principally covered with heath, abounding with excellent peat and turf for fuel,
and affording extensive pasturage for sheep and black cattle. Here are two
valuable quarries ; one of them of free-stone, the other of grey slate. The exten-
sive and beautiful estates of Tarras, and Chtny, belong to The Earl of Moray. The
Barony o^Blervie, a valuable estate, is the property of The Honourable Lewis
Duff, who has a very neat modern House there. The Castle o? Burgle, which
was built in 1602, is the seat of Joseph Dunbar, Esq., o^ Grange. The Salary
of the School is 16 bolls of bear ; and it has long been in a flourishing state, from
the unremitting attention of the present worthy and meritorious teacher. The
only piece of antiquity deserving of remark, is Tlie Standing Pillar near Forres,
commonly called Sueno's Stone: it is 23 feet above the ground, and is said to
be 12 feet underneath : its breadth is about four feet : it is variously sculp-
tured, and is allowed to surpass in elegance and grandeur all the other obelisks
in Scotland : and, according to The Rev. Mr. Cordiner, who has preserved a fine
view of it, was erected in memory of the peace concluded between Malcolm and
Canute, upon the final retreat of the /)anes from the kingdom, in 1012. Some
time ago, when this curious Monument was likely to fall. Lady Anne Campbell,
late Countess of Moray, caused it to be set upright, and supported with several
steps of free-stone.
RAIT, in the Shire of Perth : an ancient Parish, now comprehended in the
Parish of Killyspendy : The Church is in ruins. In this Village is the //a/^-iray
House, on the old road from Perth to Dundee.
RAITH, V. ABBOTS-HALL.
RAITS, V. ALVIE.
RALSTON, V. NEILSTON.
RAN
RAMNA-STACKS, v. NORTH-MAVEN.
RAMSAY, in The Isle of Man ; and in the Parish of Kirk Maugiiold. Near
it, is a Protestant Chapel. It is 14 ra. N. E. from Douglas. The Resident Po-
pulation of this Town, in 1792, was 1100. It is a straggling place ; but acquires
some importance from being the Seat of the Administration of Justice, for the
Northern district. The Bay is spacious, and secure from any wind, except the
North-East : but the harbour is bad, and much choked up by sand : a pier run*
some distance out to sea, and is terminated by a Light-House.
RANDALL'S WALLS, v. LYNE.
RANFURLY, CASTLE, v. KILLBARCHAN.
RANGA, LAKE, v. LATHERON.
RANNES, V. RATHVEN.
RANNICH BRIDGE, v. EDEN-KEILLIE.
RANNOCH, in the Shire of Perth ; partly in the Parish of Logie-Rait, but
principally in the Parish of Fortingal. This district is 21 miles in length, and
about a mile in breadth ; and contains 32 villages, three of which belong to the
Parish of Logie-Rait. It is highly elevated ; and the air is particularly moist,
damp, and cold. The soil is in some parts tolerably good ; but in others, it is
exceedingly bad, and mildews often prove very destructive to the crops. Loch
Rannoch is 12 miles in length, and about a mile in breadth ; and abounds with
perch, and trout of a great size. Here are many large woods of Birch, and a
pretty extensive natural wood of Fir, which supplies the adjacent country with
excellent timber ; and is all that remains of the immense forest, which once
covered the muirs in this part of the Highlands. From the Report and Esti-
mates, relative to the Rannoch Road, by Mr. Thomas Telford, Engineer, in
May 1810, it appears, that, " In improving the Highlands of Scotland, by means
of Roads, Bridges, and Ferries, particular attention has been given ; —
First, To open communications between the hitherto remote and almost inac-
cessible Districts on the Main-land and Western Islands, and the more cultivated
part of the country, the principal Towns, Markets, and Fairs : —
Secondly, To explore and establish general lines of practicable communica-
tion, which, as Drove Roads, might best accommodate those extensive tracts
from whence Black cattle and Sheep are sent to the markets in the Southern
parts of Scotland.
With a view to the immediate convnieence of the Highland Proprietors, and
all persons having occasion to travel in that country, the formation of those roads
VOL. II. 4 C
KAN
which fall under the first description, has naturally attracted the earliest
attention.
Communications of the second description, passing through the estates of many
different Proprietors, very remote from each other, though of material importance
to the interest of every individual, are scarcely known to them as objects worthy
of a combined effort. From this cause, the subject has hitherto undergone less
investigation than it merits ; for, it is of importance, even to the Public, that the
most direct and commodious communications with the extensive Cattle-rearins:
countries should be established.
It is well known that the produce of the wliole of the Western parts of Scot-
land, North- West of the Great Glen of the Caledonian Canal, and includ-
ing the Isle of Skye, consists chiefly of Black cattle, and Sheep, and that they
are sent to the Markets in the South of Scotland holden at Crieff, Callander,
Falkirk, and Dumbarton, from whence they are driven into England. The Dis-
tricts towards the Eastern side of Scotland being more arable than pasturage, do
not furnish any great proportion of lean Stock.
The chain of Lakes and Rivers which occupy The Great Glen, and the un-
broken mass of lofty mountains which extends along the Southern side of that
valley between Inverness on the East, and High-Bridge, near Fort William, on
the West, have hitherto compelled the Drovers to take such directions as enable
them tQ pass either by the Eastern or Western extremities of The Great Glen,
and of the ridge of mountains parallel to it.
The principal communication has hitherto been by the Western extremity, near
Fort William ; but, previous to arriving at this point, the Highland drovers have
hitherto passed through circuitous vallies, over rugged ridges of mountains, and
dangerous and inconvenieni ferries ; the delay, loss of cattle, and general em-
barrassment thus arising from the want of convenient communication, are strongly
felt by the Northern Sheep farmers, and the Cattle dealers from the South who
make purchases of them ; and, although the personal inconvenience and toil are
more immediately felt by these two classes of n^en, it is obvious that the pecuni-
ary loss falls upon the Land Owners, and that the Public markets are the less
abundantly supplied.
Immediately to the South of Fort William the commimicalion is difficult and
circuitous ; for it is either by crossing steep ridges on the old Military road
by the top of Loch Leven, and over Hie Devils Staircase, or more to the
Westward by crossing the Ferry of Ballahulish, and proceeding up the
RAN
rugged Pass of Glencoe to The King's House, at the West side of the Moor of
Rannocli.
. From thence the communication continues across the Black Mount to
Tyndrum, and afterwards Eastward down Glen Dochart towards Killin, at the
head of Loch Tay, three miles short of which it turns Southward to Callander
and Crieff. Near TyndrUm, at Fillan, a branch passes Southward down the
West side of Loch Lomond to Dumbarton.
The North- West part of Scotland comprising the principal rearing Districts,
Inverness is much too far Eastward to answer for a general drove road, except
for Sutherland and the Eastern parts of the Shire of Ross ; it is therefore to the
Western extremity of The Great Glen we must look for establishing a better
communication between the rearing countries in the Highlands, and the Cattle
markets in the South.
It results from the general conformation of the country, that the most important
points upon this line of communication are High-Bridge, near the Soulh-West
end of Loch Lochy, and Killin, at the West end of Loch Tay. This is well
known to all persons concerned in sending Sheep arid Black Cattle in this direc-
tion to the Southward, and will appear evident from considering, — First, The
Nature and Extent of the Communications from the North-West districts, which
may be concentrated at or near to High-Bridge.- — Secondly, The comparative
facility of proceeding from High-Bridge to Killin : — and, Tliirdly, The Nature
of the Communications from thence to the Southern Cattle Markets.
First, Of the Nature and extent of the Communications from the North-West
Districts, which may be concentrated at High-Bridge.
The great extent of the Isle of Skye will always render it an object well de-
serving attention. Although it appears probable, that when the Loch Carron
road and the Ferries connected with it are completed, the intercourse between
Skye and the East coast of Ross and Inverness will be carried on in that direc-
tion ; yet, Kyle Rhea, on account of the narrowness of the channel, will always
remain the usual Ferry for the Black cattle of Skye ; and this consideration,
together with the importance of making a convenient outlet for the produce of
the adjacent country of Glen Elg, and accommodating at the same time the
districts of Loch Alsh and Kintail , will necessarily require a good road to be
made from Kyle Rhea to the Southward.
. This communication must either be through Glen Elg bv Loch-Hourn-Head
4C2
RAN
and part of the Glen Garry road, or by Glen Shell and the Rhiebuie Road, to a
point on the Glen Garry road called Inch Laggan ; the reason of uniting them
at tjiis point is, that from thence a direct and easy line may be carried South-
ward by the East end of Glen Arkeg, and the AVest end of Loch Lochy, to High-
Bridge.
Glen Elg consists chiefly of two vallies, the general direction of both running
nearly between Kyle Rhea and Locli-Hourn-Head ; those vallies are inclosed,
excepting on the Sea-side, by ridges of mountains, through which there is no
Pass lower than that over Marn-Raatachan. At the South end of the two before
mentioned vallies there are Passes apparently of the same level as Raatachan,
and about 1400 feet perpendicular above the level of the sea. Of these two
Vallies, which have been diligently explored, the Eastern one is most convenient
for a Road, which \-;ould pass through the finest part of Glen Elg, with an uni-
form ascent for about 12 miles from Kyle Rhea. Near the upper end of the
valley the hills are steep, and much side-cutting would be required. From this
summit to the head of Loch Hourn, the country is rough, and rocky, and near to
the Loch very precipitous. By preserving an uniform declivity from the summit
to the termination at Loch-Hourn-Head, a distance of six miles, a commodious
road may be formed ; but this would be accomplished at too great an expense,
as the rock-cutting, breast-works, and parapets, would in many instances be an
arduous task. From Loch-Houru-Head there is for about three miles a steep
ascent on the Western part of the Glen Garry road ; afterwards, that excellent
Road may be considered as level.
But the most commodious line of Road from the Isle of Skye and Kyle Rhea
must pass through the Northern part of Glen Elg, and over Marn-Raatachan to
Sheil-House (a distance of about 12 miles) by commencing the acclivity at a suf-
ficient distance on each side of that Pass ; and this may be done at a compara-
tively moderate expense. From Sheil-House by the summit of Glen Sheil to
Rhiebuie the country is rugged, but not nearly so impracticable as the last six
miles in Glen Elg, towards Loch-Hourn-Head. From Rhiebuie to the South-
ward across Glen Lyne to near Inch Laggan (a distance of 10 miles), a line suf-
ficiently level may be formed.
By any road through Glen Elg to Loch-Hourn-Head, the Skye and Glen Elg
communications to the Southward would be direct, but Loch Alsh and Kintail
M'ould be excluded from benefit, unless a road was also made over Marn-Raata-
chan, and even then their journey would be circuitous ; but what is of still greater
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importance, the extensive tracts comprising the upper parts of Glen Morrison,
Strath Glass, and of Loch Carron, would remain without accommodation, unless
the road between Rhiebuie and Inch Laggan was made.
By Glen Sheil and Rhiebuie to Inch Laggan, the summits to be passed over,
and the distance to be travelled even by the Skye and Glen Elg cattle, would
be more favourable than through Glen Elg, and by making a few miles of road
between Sheil-House and Toteig- Ferry, the accommodation to all the other be-
fore-mentioned districts would be as perfect as the nature of the country admits.
The comparative distances are as follow :
By Loch- Hourn- Head. miles, yards.
From Kyle Rhea to Loch-Hourn-Head - - - _ _ is joo
From Loch-Hourn-Head, by the Glen Garry Road, to Inch Laggan 17 1500
By Marn-Raatachan and Rhiebuie.
From Kyle Rhea to Sheil-House - _ -
From Sheil-House to Rhiebuie _ _ ™
From Rhiebuie to Inch Laggan _ - _
Difference in favour of the latter road
By these statements it is evident, that, for the general accommodation of the
before-mentioned extensive tracts of country, and still much farther along the
Nortli-West coast, a road from Kyle Rhea by Marn-Raatachan and Rhiebuie to
Inch Laggan in Glen Garry, is unquestionably the most eligible.
To complete the communication on the North side of The Great Glen, instead
of passing from Inch Laggan, ten miles along the Glen Garry road to Inver-
Garry, and tlience by the side of Loch Oich and Loch Lochy to High-Bridge (a
further distance of about 18 miles), making together 28 miles, a road may be
carried through a Pass of the Mountains immediately South from Inch Laggan,
which would cross the river Arkeg near its mouth, and passing by the Western
end of Loch Lochy, would arrive at High-Bridge by a route about ten miles
shorter than the former, and without crossing a single Ferry,
35
1600
miles, yards.
11 840
11 1566
10 593
33
1239
er road 2
361
miles.
yards.
-
10.
-
18.
miles, yards.
28.
10. 950.
4. ..
3. 224.
17.
1 174
X X 1 *±.
ich is nearly
)r sheep.
10.
586.
RAN
The comparative distances are as follow :
From Inch-Laggan to Inver-Garry,
From Inver-Garry to High-Bridge,
From Inch-Laggan to the foot of Loch Arkeg
From Loch Arkeg to the Burn of Culross, -
From Culross to High-Bridge,
Difference in favour of the latter Road: and which is nearly
equal to a day's journey for a drove of cattle or sheep
The Branch road between Sheil-House and Toteig Ferry, mentioned before
as an useful auxiliary to the Main road from Skye, has been estimated at £1943.
It is almost 5 miles in length, and is wholly in the Shire of Ross.
The expense of making a road from Rhiebuie to the Upper Bridge of
Morrison (to which the Glen Morrison Road extends) would be £3210. Of this
Estimate £1563. must be expended in the Shire of Ross, and this has hitherto
operated as an obstruction to the undertaking, the road promising little benefit
to that County.
In addition to the Districts which have here been already considered, the
Countries of Glen Arkeg, Mor'ar, and Arasaig, will conveniently centre their
communications at High Bridge by means of the Loch-na-Gaul and Lochy-
Side roads, and the Bridge constructed by The Caledonian Canal Commis-
sioners upon the new river course at Mucomer ; or otherwise by the Ferry of
Lochy.
Secondly, Of the Line from High-Bridge toKiLLiN.
Having stated the manner in which improved Drove Roads may be made to
centre at High-Bridge, it is equally important to consider in what manner the
communication can be rendered most perfect between that place and Killin, at
the Western end of Loch Tay.
At present the Drovers travel Southward sometimes along the old Military road
from High-Bridge by Fort William to the head of Loch Leven, beyond which,
from crossing sundry rugged and steep ridges, it is named The Devil's Staircase;
or, in order to avoid this tedious and almost impassable piece of road, pass from
Fort William down the side of Loch Eil, and crossing Loch Leven at Balla-
hulish Ferry, turn Eastward up Glencoe.
RAN
Tlie road up Glencoe, though preferable to The Devil's Staircase, is one of
the most rugged in the Highlands ; the mountains on each side are extremely
steep, and, from the action of the frost and rain, sheets of rocky fragments are
formed, which are successively precipitated to the bottom of tlie Valley. In this
direction it is impossible to avoid this dreadful Pass, because the Country to the
Southward is equally rugged, composed of similar materials, and intersected by
Lakes which penetrate far inland.
From the junction of these two bad roads at the top of Glencoe, cattle pas*
on to The King's House, Eastward of which is an extensive open District,
which in such a rugged country may be comparatively called a Plain ; it ia
named. The Moor of Rannoch. The Military road passes by the Western ex-
tremity of this Plain across the sloping skirt of a Hill, well known by the name
of Vie Black 3Iount, at a height found by Mr. Nimmo to be 600 feet above the
level of The King's House, and thirteen or fourteen hundred feet above the level
of the sea. From The Black Mount, the Military road goes to Tyndrura, and
thence Eastward down GJen Dochart, till it approaches Killin.
The objections to this road are, its circuitous course, the danger and delay of
the Ferry o{ Ballahulish , the difficult Pass of Glencoe and of The Black Mount,
and subsequently the delay caused by passing Eastward from Tyndrum down
Glen Dochart to near Killin.
To remedy these very imperfect communications, a line has been suggested
to The Commissioners for Highland Roads and Bridges, and by their direc-
tion has been carefully examined, and reported as not only practicable but ad-
visable. It commences near High-Bridge, and passes con.siderably lO the East
of Ben Nevis, by the side oi Loch Treag, and across the Moor of Rannoch direct,
to Killin. This line is not only very direct, but from the following description,
it will appear to be particulaily level and easy, considering the rugged cha-^
racter of the country.
From near High-Bridge, the road would pass nearly on a level about seveu*
miles along the Loch Laggan road to Tulloch, where it would cross, the river
Spean and ascend in an easy manner to the foot of Loch Treag, which is about 70Q
feet above the level of the sea; the Road would pass along the Eastern side oftha
Loch, from which, with few exceptions, the mountains rise with a regular slope,^
not much cut by torrents, and protected by natural Birch wood. The ascent to
the summit, at the head of the Lake, may be rendered one in fifty : this summit
continues about 8 miles nearly on the same level, and is about 1128 feet above
I
RAN
the sea : from hence the descent to the plain of the Moor of Ranaoch is no more
than 100 feet.
Entering the Moor of Rannoch, the line must pass near the East end of Loch
Lydoch, and over a flat morassy tract, in nearly a straight direction to the Pass
of Gtial Vearan; the head of which is the summit of this part of the country,
from whence the water runs both to the Eastward and Westward ; it is 1400
feet above the level of the sea, and is gained by an ascent of about one in a hun-
dred. From thence to the head of Glen Lyon the rate of descent may be about
one in fifty, and a moderate rise carries the line to the Pass, called Larig-na-
Loone, at the head of Glen Lochy, down the North side of which the road
may be carried along comparatively favourable ground, and at a descent not ex-
ceeding one in thirty to Killin.
From High-Bridge to Killin, along the present road by Fort miles,
William, Ballahulish, and Tyndrum, the distance is - 68.
From High-Bridge to Killin, by the Rannoch Road - - 53.
Difference in favour of the new line - - - 15.
Thus it appears, that the saving of distance in this District would be 15 miles ;
the ascents and descents much easier ; and no Ferry to be crossed. These ad-
vantages may be reckoned equal to two, or perhaps three days journey for a
drove of cattle or sheep.
Thirdly, From Killin to the Southern Cattle Markets.
From Killin, the communications after crossing by The Pass of Larig-Eilie
and down Glen Ogil to the head of Loch Earn, pass Eastward in a direct line by
the North side of this Loch to Corarie, and Crieff; or, by a shorter route, from
Killin along the South side of Loch Tay for about six miles, and by the New
Road through Glen Lednaig to Comrie, and from thence either Eastward to
Crieff, or Southward to Dunblane, Stirling, and Falkirk. Southward from Loch-
Earn-Head a road passes down the East side of Loch Lednaig to Callander,
Doune, Stirling, and Falkirk, or from Callander to Dumbarton and Glasgow.
From Killin, therefore, to the Southward, the communications are commodious
and direct.
In addition to this direct communication between the North- West rearing
districts and the Southern cattle markets, this road, by passing from High-
RAN
Bridge through the interior of the country to Kill in, affords many opportunities
for collateral connection ; part of Strath Spcy might be connected by means of
the Loch Laggan road, and in another way by Loch Ericht. From the South
side of the Moor of Rannoch a branch might conveniently unite with the present
Military road, and pass by Tyndrum and Loch Lomond to Dumbarton and
Glasgow, while another might be carried Eastward along Loch Rannoch and
Loch Tuniel to Dunkcld, Perth, and Dundee.
Besides the line from High-Bridge to Killin, which it has been considered
most advisable to recommend, all the other Passes of the adjacent country have
been examined, ; but, as they have been found more or less objectionable, it is
unnecessary to incumber this Report with any account of them.
The advantages to be derived from thus lessening the distance, avoiding
Ferries, and acquiring regular and easy acclivities throughout this extensive
Drove road, are alone sufficient to demand the most serious attention of all the
Land Owners in the North-West and Interior parts of the Highlands of Scot-
land : but, besides this first and most important object, the proposed line would
alKO be the most direct and commodious communication for travellers of all de-
scriptions, from the Southern parts of Scotland to the aforesaid extensive Districts.
The practicability of this important line of road having been ascertained, and
its direction marked on the Parliamentary Map, the following is an Estimate of
the expense at which the different portions of it may be completed : —
ESTIMATES
Of the expense of completing a Road from Kyle Rhea in the Shire of Inverness
to KiLLiN in the Shire of Perth.
From Kyle Rhea to Sheil-House : (^Inverness,
£2056..S..O; Ross, £2502..\5..0):
From Sheil-House to Rhiebuie : {Ross):
From Rhiebuie to Inch Laggan : {Inverness,
£1102..10..0; i?os5, £2.598..16..0):
From Inch Laggan to near Auchnacarrie : {Inver-
ness) :-----
From near Auchnacarrie to High-Bridge : (of
which 2^ miles remain to be done in Inverness .)
From High-Bridge to Killin : {Inverness, £5760. ;
P^rend, paid in money by The Duke of Buccleugh, was for his lands in Has-
sendean ; and this is the probable supposition. It is in the Presbytery of Selkirk,
and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident Population of this Parish
was.
ROB
In 1801. Ill 1811.
For that part, wliicli is iu the Shire of Roxburgh 381. 328.
For that part, wliich is in the Shire of Selkirk 237. 319.
G18. 647.
It is 5j ni. W. from Hawick. This Parish is estimated to extend about 13 miles
in length, and 6 miles in breadth, and is watered by the small river Jiortliicick,
and the river Ale, together with several small rivulets and Lakes, which give
rise to these streams, and which abound with trout, of the best quality; there
are fine Perch, and Pike, in the Lakes, and in one of them, is an excellent red
trout, which much resembles that of Loch Leven. Game is in plenty. It appears
from the valuation of the land, that the part of this Parish which lies in the Shire
of Selkirk, was within tlie bounds of the Royal Forest. The general appearance
is hilly ; but none of the eminences are of extraordinary elevation : from the banks
of the rivers the surface rises by a gentle ascent ; and the low grounds, except
where beautified with planting, are in a state of cultivation. The higher grounds
afford excellent pasture, interspersed with considerable patches of Moss. The
soil, locally varying, is, in general, of a good quality: the greater part lies
on a hard gravelly or rocky bottom, which renders it more proper for the pas-
turage of Sheep, and of which a prodigious number are here fed, and with great
repute. The autumnal rains are particularly violent, and sometimes oT long
duration. Notwithstanding the great moisture of the climate, to which the la-
bouring classes are exposed, they are healthy, robust, and generally attain a good
old age. Here are eleven Heritors. Peats are the principal fuel, which are
abundant, and good. The Roads are tolerable. A new School-house was built
in 1790, and the Master has the ordinary legal Salary, of 300 merks, together
with some perquisites. The Church of Borthwick, the ancient Parish of which
is comprehended in the Parish of Roberton, stood on the North- West side of
Bortlitoick Water, at a place, which was formerly called Kirk-Bothwick, and
is now named Borthwic-Brae ; this is said to have belonged to the Diocese of
Galloway, and its Church-yard is still used as the principal burying-ground in
the neighbourhood ; Grieve and Pott are the names most frequent on the
Tomb-stones. There was also formerly a Chapel, opposite to the present Chm'ch
at Roberton, in which Curates from Hassendean were wont to officiate; its
ruins may still be traced. It belonged to the Monastery of Melros. See, Has-
sendean. There are several remains of encampments and fortifications : one
4F2
RON
large square encampment, flanked by a rivulet, whose banks are steep, having
the Borthwick in front, and artificial ramparts towards the hill, bears to this
day the name of Africa ; this communicates with one of a semi-circular form,
at the distance of two miles, situate on the steep and craggy bank of a rivulet,
where there is a beautiful cascade. Between these, and other encampments of a
circular form, The Ca^ra«7(ofwhich some vestiges, though with breaks, may still
be traced) is supposed to have run. Craik-Moor, in this Parish, is a high
Mountain four miles in length, about the middle whereof stood a stone, called
Craik- Cross, which divides the Shire of Selkirk from Eskdale : from this Cross,
in a clear day, the M'alls of Berwick may be discerned, at the distance of 38
miles, to the Eastward.
ROBROYSTONE, v. CALDER.
RODONNO, V. LYNE.
ROGART, in the Shire of Sutherland .- formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 800 merks Scotch, and 16 bolls of bear, together with a
glebe: the manse was built in 1776: Patron, The Countess of Sutherland:
The Church was built in 1777. It is in the Presbytery of Dornoch, and Synod
of Sutherland and Caithness. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 2022, and, in 1811, was 2148. It is 7 m. W. N. W. from Golspie. The
name of the Parish, it is said, is derived from Rogh Ard, i. e. Very high, from
the peculiar situation of the Village, which is nearly on the summit of a high
Hill. It is of an irregular square form, about 10 miles in extent in every direc-
tion. The surface is very uneven, being composed of two Vallies, called Strath
Brora, and Strath Fleet, wliich run the whole length of the Parish from East to
West, and are about 5 miles distant from each other ; the interjacent space
being a group of rocky hills, with an intermixture of moss. The sides of the hills,
and the Slraths, exhibit patches of arable land, of a shallow and gravelly soi'. ;
which, in the Straths, is liable to be overflowed. The climate is sharp andcoM,
and often attended with heavy rains, but is not unhealthy. Peats are abundant.
The Countess of Sutherland is the principal Proprietor. The Roads are indif-
ferent ; nor are there any Bridges, except some of wood for foot passen-
gers. The Gaelic is the prevalent language. In almost every part of the
Parish, there are traces of encampments, tumuli, and the remains of Pictish
Buildings,
ROME, V. BERTHA.
RONA, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : .it
RON
constitutes part of the Parish of South Hist, being situate to the North-East of
Bcnbecula ; and is very barren.
RONA, ISLAND, oft' The Isle of F.ewis, in the Northern Ocean. It is situate
about 16 leagues from Eorapie Point, or Tlie Bull of Leicis, and belongs to the
Parish of Barvas. This Island is about a mile in length, and half a mile in
breadth, and is inhabited by one family. It is rented by one of the Ness Tacks-
men, who annually sends thither a large open boat, and brings from it some corn,
butter, cheese, a few sheep, and some wild fowls and feathers. Here is a Chapel,
dedicated to St. Ronan. The rock Sulisker lies 4 leagues to the Eastward of
Rona; it is a quarter of a mile in circumference, and abounds with a great va-
riety of sea- fowls ; and the boat which goes to Rona, generally touches there for
fowls and feathers.
RONALDSAY, NORTH, ISLAND, one of the Orkneys: formerly a
Vicarage, with the United Vicarages of Burness and Cross Kirk, in the Island
of Sanday ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 300 merks, with manse, glebes,
and Vicarages : Patron, Lord Dundas : The Church is in decent repair. It is
in the Presbytery of North Isles, and Synod of Orkney. The Resident Populatioa
of this Parish, in 1801, was 400, and, in 1811, was 384. This Island is about two
miles long, and one mile broad: the surface is low and flat, and the soil sandy,
with a mixture of red clay. The shores are low and rocky, affording a consider-
able quantity of sea-weed, from which 90 to 100 tons o^ kelp are made annually,
on the average. A few years ago, a Light-House, 70 feet high, was erected on
the North-East point of this Island. The coast abounds with fish.
RONALDSAY, SOUTH, ISLAND, one of the Orkneys: formerly a
Vicarage, united to the ancient Vicarage of Burray : the Stipend of which, in
1811, was ct'18..15..7. in money, including the Composition for Burray,
£31.. 10.. 6. Vicarage Teind paid in sundries, one meil of oat-meal, and 159
meils of bear or big : the manse, and offices, are in good repair : Patron, Lord
Dundas : The Church of the South Parish was repaired aboufe 15 years ago; but
the North Parish Church wails have, for several years, stood without a roof, ex-
posed to all the inclemency of the seasons. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkwall,
and Synod of Orkney. The Resident Population of this Island, in 1801, (in-
cluding the North and South Parishes, and the Island of Swanay) was 1610,
and, in 181 1, was 1631. It is about 7 miles long, and one and a half broad. The
soil is extremely various in different parts of the Island ; it consists of clay, black
loam, sand, and moss : in some places, it is of an excellent quality, but almost
R O S
every where shallow. It contahis about eighteen square miles. The tenants, in
general, are tenants at will. Altliough the Post goes weekly through the Island,
yet a Road has never been made. The Climate is healthy. This Island is well
furnished with harbours ; for, besides several places where ships may anchor for
a short time, it has the safe and pleasant Road of St. Margarefs Hope (and
where there is a considerable Village), on the North ; and, on the West, the
still more commodious Bay of Wideioall. Tlie Lobster fishery is much encou-
raged here. There are four Water Mills, at which the tuelfth part of oats, and
the fourteenth part of bear, are paid ; and also two Wind-mills which grind bear
only, and are paid with the sixteenth part. There are some tumuli, and the
remains of several Picts Houses ; amongst which, what is called The Hoiv of
Hoxa, is very remarkable. In the middle of the beautiful vale of Paplay, on
the brow of a hill, is a rude monumental stone, sixteen feet high. At Burivick,
on the South West end of the Island, is a Ferry. This Island is low, excepting
upon the Shores, where there are tremendous precipices, which have proved fiUal
to many an unfortunate mariner. The whole Island, according to Mr. Jameson,
is composed of sandstone, sandstone flag, and, in some places, shistose clay is to
be seen. It appears, like all the other Orkney Isles, to have been formerly
joined to Caithness, as the strata are similar.
RONAS HILL, v. NORTH-MAVEN.
RONAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness :
it constitutes part of the Parish of Portree. This Island is about 4 miles long,
and nearly two miles broad ; and has a very rocky, and barren aspect. It is ap-
propriated to the pasture of cattle, under the superintendence of a solitary
herdsman ; and is the property of James Macleod, Esq. of Raasay. The
shores are abrupt and dangerous, and there is no harbour,
RONE, Ue, V. FLOTA, ISLE.
ROQUE, ST., V. BOROUGH-MOOR.
RORO, V. WEEM.
ROSCOBIE, in the Shire of Fife; and in the Parisli of Dunfermlin, from
which Town it is 4 m. distant to the Northward. Here is an extensive Lime-
rock, of excellent quality, which is resorted to from a great distance.
ROSDOE, or ROSSDU, i. e. THE BLACK PROMONTORY, v. LUSS.
ROSEBANK, in the Under Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish of
Rulherglen. TliLs is the estate, and elegant Mansion of the heirs ofDAvio Dale,
Esq., which occupies one of the most beautiful situations in the County.
R O S
ROSEIIALL, V. CRIECri.
ROSKIIAUGH HOUSE, v. AVOCH.
ROSI'^HKARTY, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen: in the
Parish of Pitsligo. It is 5 m. W. N. W. from Fraser's-Burgh. This is a small
Fishing- Village, upon the Moray Firth ; and has a tolerable Harbour, made at
the expense of the late Lord Gardenstown, who was Proprietor of it,
ROSE Hn.L, V. LOGIE.
ROSEMARKIE, in the Shire of Ross : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 181 1, was 6 chalders and 8 bolls of bear, and 3 chalders of meal, toge-
ther with £8. .6.. 8. for Communion Elements : the manse was built in 17oG: the
glebe consists of about 4 Scotch acres: Patron, The Crown : The Church is in
decent repair. It is in the Presbytery of Chanonry, and Synod of Ross. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (containing the Towns of Chanonry,
and Rosemarkie, and the Country District) was 1289, and, in 1811, was 1-312.
It is -^ m. N. E. from Fortrose. This Parish is about 6 miles in length, and 3
miles in breadth, stretching along the Western Shore of the Moray Firth. The
soil is various ; being a fine black mould upon light gravel, in the neighbourhood
of the Town, where there is a large and beautiful plain, wliich is well cultivated:
in other parts of the Parish, the lands lie generally on a deep clay bottom, pro-
ducing oats in great abundance, and of an excellent quality. The climate is
pure, and salubrious. The coast is bold, and rocky. The Point oi Chanonry
Ness is the situation of the Ferry-boat that passes to Fort George, and is parti-
cularly safe and commodious. The Town of Rosemarkie, though not large, is
of considerable antiquity ; having been erected into a Royal Borough by Alex-
ander the Second. About a mile to the West of it, stands the Town of Cha-
nonry, so called from its being the C/umon/'?/ of Ross, where the Bishop formerly
had his residence, and which is now the Presbytery Seat. It was united to the
Burgh of Rosemarkie, by a Charter granted by King James the Second in 1444,
under the common name oi Fort-Ross, now softened into Fortrose ; which Charter
was ratified by King James the Sixth in 1592, and confirmed in a still more ample
form, by the same Monarch, in the year 1612. These Charters declare, that it was
to be " entitled to all the Privileges, Liberties andlmmunities, granted to the Town
of Inverness." Fortrose is then spoken of, as a Town flourishing in the Arts and
Sciences, being at that time the seat of Divinity, Law, and Physic, in this part
of the Kingdom. Above Rosemarkie is a circular hill, called The Court Hill,
which was probably, in ancient times, the place where Courts were holden, for
R O S
the Administration of Justice. Only a small part of the ancient Cathedral now
remains : which is still used as a burial place by the Mackenzies, and other old
families in this country. Near it, is a House that was probably the Vestry : it
contains a vault below, with a strong arched roof, now converted into a Prison;
and the upper part of it, is The Council Chamber of the Burgh. Though the
Bishop of Ross was originally styled Episcopus Rosmarkiensis, the Cathedral
Church stood in the Town ofChanonry, in a spacious square. There the Bishop
resided, with a number of his Clergy ; so that there is scarcely a House in the
Burgh, of any great value, but was formerly a manse belonging to some of the
Chapter. The Episcopal see was founded by David the First, King of Scotland ,
but there is no certain account at what period the Cathedral was built, though
it is said to haAC been a fine one, with a lofty steeple. Bishop Leslie also takes
notice of the Palace, which stood at a little distance from the Houses of the
Canons ; and he represents it, in his time, as a splendid and magnificent building.
It is highly probable, that the Cathedral had suffered, at the Reformation, the
fate of many others, although it be a current tradition here, that the greater part
of it, together with the Bishop's Palace, was pulled down in the time of Oliver
Cromwell. By his order, the stones were carried by sea to Inverness, about
the distance of 8 miles, for erecting a Fort there, called Cromwell's Fort. No
Chartulary belonging to the Bishopric has been discovered in Scotland. It is
probable that Lesly, the last Popish Bishop of Ross, and the zealous advocate
for the unfortunate Queen Mary, when he was obliged to go abroad, carried all
the writs of the Diocese with him, either to France, or to Brussels, where he
died ; and where these documents may still be mouldering in dust and solitude.
See, Fort rose.
ROSEMOUNT, v. MONTROSE.
ROSEMOUNT, v. SYMINGTON.
ROSENEATH, v. ROSSNEATH.
ROSE-NESS, V. HOLM.
ROSLIN, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Laswade. It is
4 m. S. W. from Dalkeith. Roslin Chapel, which is one of the most entire
pieces of Gothic architecture remaining in Scotland, is situate on a rising ground
named The College Hill, beautifully decorated with wood and water, and the
river North Esk running in a deep rocky bed on its West and South fronts. This
Chapel, which seems to have been originally intended for a more spacious build-
ing, was erected in the year 1446, by William St. Clair or Sinclair, Prince of
I
R O S
Orkney and Diikc of Okleiiburgh : it was dedicated to St. Matthew the Apostle
and Evangelist, and founded for a Provost, six Prebendaries, and two Singing-
Boys. It is profusely decorated with sculpture, both in the interior and exterior;
and the Capitals of the Pillars are enriched witli foliage, and a variety of figures,
of exquisite workmanship. On the 11th of December 1688, it suffered some
injury from the fury of a mob. But of late years this beautiful Edifice was in
great danger of becoming quite ruinous : which to the honour of the late General
Sinclair, then Proprietor, was prevented, by a very considerable sum of money
expended by him on its repairs: its height within, from the floor to the lop of
the high arched roof, is 40 f. 6 in. : breadth, 34 f. 8 in. ; and its length, 68 feet.
Within the Chapel is a vault, the burying-place of the family*of Roslin, the soil
of which is so dry, that bodies have been found entire Eighty years after their
interment : these Barons were buried of old in their armour, without any cot&a :
" The late Roslin," says Father Hay in his Manuscript Memoirs, " was the
Jirstwho was buried in a coffin, contrary to the sentiments of James the Seventh,
who was then in Scotland, and several other persons well versed in antiquity, to
whom my Mother would not hearken, thinking it beggarly to be buried in that
manner:" and he adds, " the great expense she was at in burying her Husband,
occasioned the sumptuary acts, which were made in the following Parliaments."
RosLiN Castle, so well known by the beautiful Song and pleasing Melody
which bears its name, —
" While Roslin Castle heard the swain,
" And echo'd back the cheerful strain," —
stands on an almost insulated Rock, in the deliohtful glen on the North side of
the river North Esk, which is wooded down to the water's edge : but its situa-
tion, though inconceivably romantic and pleasant, is very ill chosen for a Castle,
being commanded by hills on both sides of the river: the access to it, is on the
East side, by means of an arch over a deep guUey, and through a once strong
gate: one of the buildings, converted to a dwelling-house, is still inhabited by
the family of a Gardener, who rents the grounds, and are famous for their pro-
duction o( Strawberries. It is uncertain when and by whom this Castle was first
erected: it appears that William St. Clair, the Founder of the Chapel, lived
in great state here. In 1554, it was burned, together with the Castle of
Craig-Millar, and the Town of Leith, by the forces sent by King Henry the
VOL. 11. 4 G
R O S
Eighth ; and most of the present buildings seem to have been erected since that
time. —
" Ewes and lambs on braes ran Meeting,
Linties sang on ilka tree ;
Frae the Wast, the sun near setting,
Flam'd on Roslin's towers sae hie :
Rosliri's towers and braes sae bonny,
Craigs and waters, woods and glen ;
Roslins banks, unpeer'd by ony,
Save the Muse's Hawthornden.^' — Macniel,
The Village of Roslin was formerly a place of considerable consequence : it was
erected into a Burgh or Barony by King James the Second at Stirling, in 1456 ;
with a weekly Market on Saturday, a yearly Fair on the Feast of St. Simon and
St. Jtide, and a Market Cross : and the same were confirmed by King James the
Sixth, on the 16th of January, 1622 ; and by King Charles the First, on the eth
of May, 1650, A short distance North- West of the Castle, stands the two gable
ends of the Parish Church, with trees now growing on its aisles ; but it is still
used as a burying-ground. Near this place, the English army under John de
Segrave, Regent of Scotland, received three defeats on the same day, the 24th
of February 1302, from the Scots, under their Chiefs, Sir Simon Eraser, and
Sir John Cuming. On the 21st of April 1801, Roslin was created a British
Earldom, in the Ancient and Noble family of Erskine. Mr. Grose has pre-
served two Views of the Chapel, and Castle.
ROSS, V. KILLFINICHEN.
ROSS BAY, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright ; and in the Parish of
Borgue. It is 4 m. S. b. W. from Kirkcudbright. Here is a safe, and commo-
dious Harbour.
ROSSIE, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Craig. It is situate
near the Southern bank of the South Esk, at the distance of a mile and a half
West-South-West from Montrose. Rossie Castle, lately erected by Hercules
Ross, Esq., is a noble specimen of modern architecture: it is surrounded with
extensive and luxuriant Woods, and an Estate of 1974 Scotch acres, of excellent
land.
ROSSIE, in the Shire of Perth : an ancient Parish, now comprehended
in the Parish of Inchture : The Church is in ruins. It is 8 ra. W. from Dundee.
I
R O S
ROSS ISLE, V. SPYNIE.
ROSSKEEN, in the Shire of Ross ; formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, ill 1811, was 80 bolls of bear, and £'50. Sterling: the raanse, and offices,
are in good repair: there are two glebes, one adjacent to the manse, of 4 Eng-
lish acres of fertile soil, and the other contiguous to the ruins of an old Kirk,
called None-Kill, i. e. The Church of ioh
to a supposed ancient practice of bringing to tJiis place, a boot full of eartlj Irom
different estates, when the Proprietors were assembled here to be invested in
them. Upon this eminence, an elegant Parish Church was erected in 1G24, by
the iirst Viscount Stormont ; which, on wanting repairs, and being insufficient
to accommodate the Parishioners, was lately taken down, except the Aisle,
which is used as the Burial-place of the Ancient and Illustrious family of Mur-
ray ; and contains a fine marble monument to the memory of David, first Vis-
count Stormont, and an Urn of white marble of beautiful workmanship, inclos-
ing the embalmed heart of Lady Stormont, first wife of The Earl of Mansfield,
with a remarkably elegant and pathetic Latin inscription. The Abbey was
founded by Alexander the First, in 1114, and was dedicated to Tlie Holy Tri-
nity and St. Michael the Archangel, and filled with Canons Regular of the Order
of St. Augustine : it is said to have been originally a Seat of the Culdees. In the
Church of this Abbey was preserved the famous Stone, which was said to have
served Jacob for his pillow! and afterwards transported to Spain, where it was
used as a Seat of Justice by Gethalus a contemporary of Moses! it after-
wards found its way to the Palace of Dunstaffnage, and continued there as the
Coronation Chair, until Kenneth the Second removed it to Scone : here it re-
mained, and on it every Scottish Monarch was inaugurated till the year 1296,
when Edward the First, to the mortification of North Britain, translated it to
Westminster Abbey : and with it, according to ancient prophecy, the empire of
Scotland. The following Distich, according to the Editor of The Gazetteer,
is said to have been the cause of its removal, and to have reconciled many of
the Scottish bigots to the Union :
" Ni fallat fatum, Scoti, quocunque locatum,
" Invenient lapidem, regnare tenentur ibidem.
" Unless old prophecies and wierds are vain,
" Where'er this stone is found, the Scots shall reign."
And the prediction was considered as verified, wlien James the Sixth ascended
I
SCO
the English throne. This Abbey, together with the Church, in the year 1559,
underwent the common fate of Religious houses, in the furious and ungovern-
able season of Reformation : being demolished by the zealots of Dundee, in re-
sentment of one of their company who was killed by a shot from the house. In
1604, it was erected into a Temporal Lordship by James the Sixth, in favour of
Sir David Murray, a Cadet of the Illustrious family of Tullibanline. Charles
tlie Second was crowned in this Church, before he set out in the expedition that
terminated in the fatal battle of Worcester ; the Crown being placed on his head
by The Marquis of Argyle. The ceremony of placing the new Monarch in
the Coronation chair was Hereditary in the ancient Earls of Fife. In 1715, the
old Chevalier resided at Scone for some time, and issued out six proclamations
from thence ; among which was one for his Coronation on the 23d of January,
1716; but, before the period arrived, his resolution failed, and he fled from a
Crown which he was unworthy to wear. His Son, in 1745, made this place a
short visit. It is not certain whether the present Palace, which is a Seat of The
Earl of Mansfield, as Viscount Stormont, and Heritable Keeper of this
Palace, stands on the foundation of the ancient Palace ; though, from particular
circumstances, it is very probable. It is pleasantly situate on an extensive lawn,
sloping gently to the Tay, and is surrounded by fine plantations : it is in that style
of architecture which prevailed in the Seventeenth Century ; and in one of the
Chambers, which is called Tite Queen's Room, is a bed of flowered crimson
velvet, said to have been the work of Queen Mary, when a Prisoner in the
Castle of Loch Leven.
SCOONIE, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife : formerly a Vi-
carage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 54j bolls of bear, 44 bolls of meal,
29 bolls of oats, and 4 bolls of wheat, together with £'25. Sterling in money,
and £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, and a glebe : the manse is in good repair:
Patron, The Crown : The Church is a neat, and modern building. It is in the
Presbytery of Kirkaldy, and Synod of Fife. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, (including the Village of Leven) was 1681, and, in 1811, was
1726. The Church is | m. N. E. from Leven. This Parish is about 5 miles in
length, and nearly 2 miles in breadth, being bounded by the Firth of Forth on
the South, from which the surface rises gradually to the Northern extremity.
The whole is arable, and well cultivated, and the greatest part of it is inclosed.
The climate is cold, but not unhealthy. A Fair is holdcn in the spring for lint-
seed ; and one every Montii, from May to October, for white linen. Coals are
SCR
abundant. The Salary of the Grammar School is £200. Scotch, together with
School-fees, and perquisites, and a commodious School-house, and dwelling.
The Public roads are in good repair. The estate o? Darie was for nearly two
centuries the property of the respectable family of Gibson, some of whom were
particularly eminent in the law : it now belongs to Mr. Christie ; the elegant
modern Mansion, which is surrounded with an extensive Policy, and commands
a most delightful prospect, was built by Mr. Gibson. Killmaux is the residence
of Mr. TuLLiDELPH. There is a Seam of Coal on Dtirie, which is worked by
Mr. Christie, and some Salt-pans at the month of the River of Leven, which
empties itself at the Town, and forms the only harbour for small vessels. There
used to be a good Salmon Fishery at this place, which has been much injured,
by some late erections higher up the water, that prevent the Salmon getting up
to spawn, and also by the number of Flax Spinning Mills in the neighbourhood.
SCORTDALE, v. ORPHIR.
SCOTLAND'S-WELL, in the Shire of Kinross ; and in the Parish of Port-
moak. This is a small Village, situate at the foot of the South Lomond or
Bishop's Hill, where are numbers of copious springs of excellent water : one of
them being so remarkable, that TJie Hospital, which stood near it, was called
Fons Scotiee, now Scotland' s- Well : this Hospital was founded by William
Malvoisine, Bishop of St. Andrew's, who died about the year 1238 ; and was
afterwards given to the Red Friars by his immediate successor : the ruins of the
Church, and Hospital, are still to be seen near the village.
SCOT'S-CRAIG, HOUSE, v. FERRY-PORT-ON-CRAIG.
SCOT'S-TERVIT, r. CERES.
SCOUG AL, in the Shire of Hadington ; and in the ancient Parish of Aldham :
The Chapel is now in ruins. It is situate upon the German Ocean, at the dis-
tance of 4 m. E. S. E. from North Berwick. The Lands of Scougal were long
possessed by the Family of Scougal, which produced some eminent men, under
the Bishops of St. Andrew's, who were Patrons, of the Church of Aldham, from
the earliest times. See, Aldham.
SCOULAY, V. KINGARTH.
SCOURIE, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of Edderachylis.
It is situate on a safe and commodious Bay, to which it gives name, on the At-
lantic Ocean, and is 253^ m. N. N.W. from Edinburgh.
SCRABSTER, v. THURSO.
SCRAPE, HILL, v. MANOR.
S E I
SCURE EIGG, HILL, v. EIGG, ISLAND.
SEA-BANK, V. STEVENSTON.
SEABEGS, V. FALKIRK.
SEAFIELD, CASTLE, v. KINGHORN.
SEAFORTH LODGE, v. STORNOWAY.
SEATON, in the Shire of Hadington: an ancient Parish, annexed to the
Vicarage of Tranent, after the Reformation. Here was a Collegiate Church,
founded for a Provost, six Prebendaries, two Singing-Boys, and a Clerk, out of
several Chaplainries, united for that effect, by George the second Lord Seaton,
on the 20th of June 1493 : he likewise built the Sacrist, and covered it over with
stone, in the reign of King James the Fourth ; and dying soon afterwards, was
buried near the High Altar of this Collegiate Church : this Edifice stands within
the walls of the Castle or Mansion, and seems to have been an elegant building,
adorned with sculpture, some of which is still remaining. Close by the Church,
a little to the West, stood the ruins of Seaton House, the princely residence of
The Earls of Winton. Upon the Attainder of the late Earl, in 1715, the
Estate fell to the Crown, by whom, in 1719, it was sold to the York Buildings
Company, who suffered the House to fall to decay. In 1790, the whole was
taken down by the present proprietor, and a new Mansion built in the castellated
form, on a plan of the late Mr. Adam. At Long Nidderie, within the Parish
of Seaton, there was formerly a Chapel, the ruins of which are still apparent,
and is popularly called " John Knox's Kirk." Mr. Grose has preserved two
views of the House, and one of the Church. In consideration of the services of
Alexander Seyton, Robert the First erected his Town of Seyton into a Free
Burgh, and granted at the same time, that he should hav6 a Market, " on the
Sabbath-day. "
SEIL, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Lorn, and Shire
of Argyle. It constitutes part of the Parish of Killbrandon. This Island is
about 3 miles long, and 2 miles broad, being separated from the Island of Eas-
dale by a Strait a few hundred feet broad, and from the Main-land by a narrow
Pass over which a Bridge has been thrown. It is in general flat, yet not without
hills, from the highest of which is a pleasing view of the numerous small Isles
scattered over the Ocean, with the distant mountains o( 3TuU, and Jura. Here
are Quarries of ardesia tegularis; but the principal attention of the Proprietors is
turncd'to the Island of Easdale, where the slate has hitherto been found in great
quantity. See, Killbrandon.
S E L
SELINA, Staiio, of Richard of Cirencesler, v. DESKFORD.
SELKIRK, qncienttij SELE-CIIYRCII, a Royal Borough, having' separate
Jurisdiction, locally situate partly in the Shire of Selkirk, and partly in the
District of Hawick, and Shire of Roxburgh : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 181 1, was £170., together with a Manse, and Glebe : Patron, The
Duke of Roxburgh. It is in the Presbytery of Selkirk, and Synod of Mcrse and
Tevioldalc. The Resident Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, vvas
2098, and, in 1811, was.
For that part, which is in the Shire of Selkirk, - 2422.
For that part, which is in the Shire of Roxburgh, - 44.
2466.
It is 35^ m. S. S. E. from Edinburgh. The Market is on Tuesday, and is well
supplied. The Fairs are holden on the 25lh of March, O. S. , 15th of April, 4th of
July, O. S., 10th of August, O. S., 20th of October, O. S., and 8lh of Decem-
ber, O. S. Selkirk, in conjunction with the Royal Boroughs of Lanark, Linlith-
gow, and Peebles, sends one Member to Parliament. It is pleasantly situate on
a rising ground, on the South bank of the Etterick, commanding an extensive
prospect in every direction. The Soil around it is dry ; the Climate is healthy;
and the Harvest is early. Poor's Rates have long been established here : — all
the money mortified to the Poor of this Parish, is 200 merks, the donation of
William Ogilvie, Esq., oi Harticood- Mires ; and of which the Kirk-Session
are managers. The neighbourhood abounds with a great variety of Game, and
the rivers are well stocked with Fish. At Haining-Lin is a mineral Spring,
which is found to be efficacious in scorbutic and scrofulous diseases. This Par-
ish, exclusive of the Lands of Todridge, which are detached, and at a consider-
able distance, is a square of about ten miles. It is mostly hilly, and is more
adapted to pasturage than tillage, the number of Sheep here being computed at
22,000 ; but several of the farms have a large portion of low arable ground,
lying towards, and along the sides of the rivers. The highest Hills are Peat-
Law, and Three Brethren; the former being elevated 1964, and the latter
1978 feet above the level of the sea, and from 1604 to 1618 feet above the
bed of the river at Selkirk. Its name is descriptive of the situation of the
place itself, and of the ancient state of the surrounding country : it is pro-
bable, that all the neighbouring Districts were formerly one continued Forest;
it is certain, that the banks of the rivers, by which the country is so happily
VOL, II. 4 M
S E L
intersected, were once adorned with woods ; amidst which those plaintive
airs were produced, the natural simplicity whereof are the Pride of Scot-
land, and the admiration of Strangers : the Forest is now reduced to a state
of nakedness ; though exertions are making to remedy this evil, by nume-
rous plantations on the banks of the rivers. Selkirk gives the title of Earf, to a
branch of the ancient and Noble Family of Douglas. It is the County Town ;
and here the Sheriff's, and Commissary's Courts, are holden. Contiguous to
the Town is a considerable extent of arable ground, mostly the property of the
Burgesses : it is of a light, but fertile soil, and is subdivided into a number of
small inclosures. On the East of the Town, in a small Loch lately drained, is
a fine bed of shell marie, which is highly beneficial in agriculture. Before the
year 1124, there existed upon this agreeable site, a Castle, an old Town, and
an ancient Cluirch. At no great distance, may still be traced the ruins of
Oldwark Castle, on the South-East bank of the Yarrow, which was probably
built here by some of the Kings, in early times, as a commodious Hunting-Seat,
and relinquished by them to the principal Warden of their extensive Forests :
near this, arose a Village, even beyond the period of record: — Higher up, on
the same side of the Yarrow, may be seen the ruins of Newark Castle, which
was probably built by William, the first Earl of Douglas, after he succeeded
to the Forest : here, a new Village had already arisen near the old one, before
the year 1 124 : and, the two Villages, after the foundation of the Abbey, came
to be distinguished by the appropriate names of Selkirk Regis, and Selkirk
Abbatis: when the Monks were removed in 1128, the latter distinction was abo-
lished. Selkirk, which had this ancient foundation, long continued a Town, in
The King's Demesne ; but, did not become a Royal Burgh, till the reign of
James the Fifth ; and, on an occasion, that reflects high honour on the Loyalty,
and Spirit, of this ancient Town. — When James the Fourth was marching for-
ward to his fate, at Floddon Field, a hundred Townsmen joined him, under the
Town-Clerk, William Brydone ; they fought so stoutly,
" Where their brave foresters were a' wede away,"
that very few of them returned, but loaded with the spoils taken from the Eng-
lish : of the trophies of that day, there yet remains in the possession of the Cor-
poration of Weavers, a Standard which was taken by a member of that Body,
and which is still carried annually before them, upon the day of riding their com'
man. The Sword of William Brydone, the Town-Clerk, who led the citizens
S E L
to battle, still remains in the possession of John Brydone, a citizen of Selkirk,
his lineal descendant : and which is also borne in the processions of the Corpo-
ration, as the insignia of the Town. The desperate valour of the Citizens, how-
ever, so exasperated the English, that they reduced their defenceless Town to
ashes : but their grateful Sovereign, James the Fifth, showed his sense of their
services by a grant of an extensive tract of Etterick Forest, the timber to re-build
it, and the property as a reward of their Heroism : the original grant was One
thousand acres, but of this the surrounding Heritors have wrested from the Town
of Selkirk, much more than half of it, by a claim founded upon the right of pas-
turage : it still draws a revenue of about £250. per annum, from the remainder.
The Charter of James the Fifth is dated the 4th of March 1535 ; this was en-
larged in 1538 ; and again, in 1540, when the Baillies, and Community, were
empowered to elect a Provost, every year. The Corporation now consists of
Thirty-three Members, viz., 2 Baillies, a Dean of Guild, a Treasurer, two old
Baillies, an old Dean of Guild, and an old Treasurer, 5 Deacons of Trades, 5
Colleagues, 10 Merchant Counsellors, and 5 Trades' Counsellors : the Revenue
of the Corporation, as returned to Parliament, is £'284. per annum. By a Char-
ter of James the Fifth, which now lies forgotten among the Archives of the
Corporation, William Brydone, the Town Clerk, and his Successors in office,
were created Knights, on a recital of the bravery of Brydone, and the valour of
the Townsmen. The King empowered, on that occasion, the Body- Politic of
the Town to incorporate the Trades, particularly, the Soutars or Cordwainers,
Avho are celebrated in song, with their Deacon, " who, at the admission of every
new Soutar, is obliged, by Charter, to provide himicith a Maid, \^ he, desire it:"
some Burgesses have pleaded their privilege ; and were, by the Deacon,
provided to their satisfaction. In Newark Castle, Anne, the first Duchess of
Monmouth, and of Buccleugh, was born ; whose only inhabitants now are the
moping Owl, and chattering Daw : It is likewise supposed by many, to be the
Birth-place of Mary Scott, " the flower of Yarroiv :" but,- the better opinion
seems to be, that she was the fair Daughter of Walter Scott, oiDryhope, and
the beloved Wife of Scott, o^ Harden. They had a Daughter who married an
Elliot, " Gibbyw'xXh the golden Garters ;" and from them are descended Sir
William Elliot, of Stobs, and the renowned Lord Heathfield. This Parish
also gave birth to Andrew Fringle, the late Lord'ALEMOOR, of Haining, whose
amiable manners, learning, and eloquence, rendered him equally the object of
admiration, as the friend, the scholar, and the judge. There are the remains of
4M2
I
S E L
some military stations, and of a fosse still visible on l)oth sides of the Yarrow,
which was the Western defence of The Earl of Montrose's Camp, before the
decisive battc of Philiphaugh, on the 13th of September 1645. Some Skulls of
the Urus, and a Roman spear, were lately discovered in a moss, near to Sel-
kirk, and were presented to The Society of Antiquaries of Edinburgh,
According to Mr. Chalmers, the only Religious House, which seems to have
been ever founded, within this Shire, was an establishment for Monks of Tyrone,
at Selkirk, as early as 1113. Here they remained, during fifteen years of Peni-
tentiary trial. Radulphus, who conducted liis Monks to this retired spot within
the Forest, was the original Abbot. He was succeeded by William, the second
Abbot, who is recollected by Fordun. And, William was followed, before the
year 1124, by the third Abbot, Herbert, who ruled the Monks, when they were
removed, on account of inconvenient accommodation, to Kelso, in 1128 ; and
who rose to be Bishop of Glasgow, upon the death of John, in 1147. This
Abbey was settled near the King's Castle, and Village ; and the, attendants upon
the Monks soon reared a new Hamlet, which obtained the appropriate appella-
tion of Selkirk Abbatis. The settlement in the Forest of a body of strangers, who,
as they had seen other countries, and knew other modes of life, must have intro-
duced here some improvements. Even after the removal of the Monks, the
Abbot, during many an age, had his Manor around the Town, with his Baronial
Court, at the Bridge, and his Church, with his Grange, his Husbandmen, and
Cottagers; together with his Mill, his Malt- kiln, and his Brewhouses. While
the King's Castle remained here, the Abbot was bound, by the tenure of his
land, to act as the King's Chaplain, within the Royal Castle, The Duke of
Roxburgh, who wears " the fair-lined slippers" of the Abbot, is bound to act
as Chaplain here, when the King shall restore his Castle, and to repair the
Bridge, while he enjoys the land, that was amortized to its use. The ancient
Jurisdiction of the Archdeacon of Teviotdale, was transferred, by the Reform-
ation, to the Synod of Merse and Teviotdale : the Presbytery of Selkirk is of
modern establishment : Melros having been the seat of this Presbytery, soon
after the Reformation. In the ancient statement of the property of the Monks of
Kelso, they say, they had the Church of Selkirk Regis, '' in rector ia\\\\\\c\i
was usually worth £20. a year, and also the Church of Selkirk Abbatis, " m
7'ectoria" which was commonly worth 40s. per annum. The two Villages, no
doubt soon run into each other, as the Abbot possessed much property within,
and around both of them. How long the two Churches remained separate, is
S II A
\inknown ; even tradilion has forgotten, that there ever were two. The Abbot,
prol)ably, conjoined thcrn, upon the economical principle of the Reformation, to
save the expense of a Curate. The Church of Selivirk Regis was served by a
Vicar, who was supported by Vicarage dues. When the Reformation, had dis-
solved the Abbey of Kelso, the Patronage of the Church of Selkirk was trans-
ferred to the progenitor of The Duke of Roxruroh, who is now the Patron of
the Parish Church. Tlie Town of Selkirk stands in 55^ 34' 10" North Latitude,
and 2" 52' Longitude West from Greenwich ; and it is situate, according to the
result of the barometer, 520 feet above the level of the sea.
SELKIRK, SHIRE, or ETTERICK FOREST. This Shire is about 27
miles in length, and 18 miles at its greatest breadth : and contains 122,880
acres Scotch, or 153,600 acres English, tlie customary measure of the Shire; of
which, about 6880 acres Scotch are arable, the remainder being principally ap-
propriated to tlie pasturage of sheep. Its Resident Population, in 1801, was 5070,
and, in 1811, was 5889. It is watered !)y the Tweed, and the two pastoral
streams, the Etterick, and the Yarrow. It sends one Member to Parliament.
SENEWAR, HOSPITAL, v. SANQUHAR.
SENWICK, originally SANDWICK, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright :
an ancient Vicarage, now comprehended in the Parish of Borgue. It is 3^ m.
S. S. W. from Kirkcudbright. According to tradition, this Church, which for-
merly contained a very considerable quantity oi plate, was plundered by French
pirates, who safely escaped with their booty; but a storm arising immediately after
they had put to sea, the ship was dashed upon a rock, at a little distance from
the shore, opposite to the Church, and every person on board perished. In me-
mory of this event, the rock has ever since been styled, The Frenchtnens Rock.
SERDGOIN, V. FENWICK.
SERESORT, LOCH, v. RUM, ISLAND.
SERF'S, ST., ISLE, v. PORTMOAK.
SHA HOLM, V. UNST, ISLAND.
SHAINT or HOLY ISLANDS, part of the Hebrides, and in the Sliire of
Ross. They are situate in the channel between Lewis and Sky, and belong to
the Parish of Lochs. These are three Islands, well known to Mariners : one of
them seems to have been dedicated to The Virgin 3Iary, as it is named Moair,
or Martfs Island, and in it there are the remains of a Chapel. Black cattle are
pastured upon them all, and they are famous for fattening sheep ; but particu-
larly some small rocks in the neighbourhood, which liave fine grass upon their
S H A
summits. A family is resident on the largest of the Islands, for the purpose of
attending the cattle.
SHANDWICKE HOUSE, v. NIGG.
SHAPINSAY, ISLAND, one of the Orkneys ; formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 72 meils of malt, 6 barrels of butter, and
£21.. 14., 3. of Vicarage Tythes, together with a glebe : the manse was erected,
in 1760 : Patron, Lord Dundas : The Church, which was built, in 1630, and
dedicated to The Virgin Mary, bears the name of Lady Kirk, and is in shame-
ful disrepair. It is in the Presbytery of North Isles, and Synod of Orkney.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 744, and, in 1811, was
726. It is 3 m. N. from Kirkwall. This Island is about 7 miles in length,
and 5 miles in breadth : the soil, though in most places thin and shallow, is
naturally fertile : around the whole Island the shores are low, and to a consid-
erable distance inland, pretty level ; but towards the middle, the land is much
higher. Agriculture is greatly neglected here. The Heritors of this Parish are,
The Crown for the Bishop's Lands, of which Thomas Lord Dundas is Tacks-
man; Robert Laing, Esq., of Strenzie, and Colonel Balfour, of Eluick, who
together possess the whole Island. This Parish formerly made part of the Tem-
porality of the Bishoprick of Orkney. The Estates of Sound, and How, and
Hammer, the former the property of Colonel Balfour, and the latter of Mr.
Laing, are feus from the Bishops of Orkney. Hotv is the Seat of Mr. Laing,
where he has an old House pleasantly situate, and which by improvement might
be made one of the most fertile and agreeable spots in Shapinsay : in the neigh-
bourhood of this place, however, he has had lime-kilns for many years, by which
he has put in motion a considerable portion of industry. At Cliff dale- House,
Colonel Balfour, who is the only resident Heritor, has shewn the most com-
mendable zeal in the cultivation and improvement of his estate : he has built an
elegant House, and laid out an extensive garden, and all around him wears a
cheerful and pleasing aspect : by the side of the Harbour of Ehcick, he has
erected a little Village, and filled it with useful artisans, and labourers. The
Standing Stone of Shapinsay, and Tlie Black Stone of Odin, are supposed to be
the remains of places of Scandinavian worship. On the West shore, nearly opposite
to the rock of Vasa, where the tides are rapid and the sea is shallow, is a place
known by the name of Grucula, or Agricola; and whither, tradition says, one of
Agricola's ships, in his celebrated voyage round the Island of Britain, was
driven, and stranded ; and what seems to confirm the tradition is, that Roman
S H A
Coins arc said to have been dif^covcrcd there. Here are some of the PictfC
Honsos. The Harbour o^Ehvick is the oviIy one of the Island, and which has
from 4 to 6 fathom water, over a bottom of liard clay, covered with sand: on the
West side of it, is a fine beach, with abundance of excellent fresh water:
and, as it opens to the South- West, it is extremely convenient for ships
bound to the Southward : here Haco, King of Norway, is supposed to liave
anchored with his fleet, in 1263, on his expedition against Alexander the
Third, King of Scotland. About 120 tons of kelp are made here annually.
The Climate is very salubrious. Here is abundance of excellent peat.
At the East end of the Island some whin-slone Appears, inclining to the bas-
altic form. Lime-stone is also found, but not of rich quality. The Hill-
ground, or Common, is covered with salix argenfea, or silver-leaved creeping-
willow, which lies prostrate on the Earth. Of this Parish the late worthy
George Barry, D. D., was Minister, and where he died in the month of Sept-
ember 1805, aged 57, leaving a Widow and nine children: Much of his time
was devoted to the History of the seven Islands of the Orkneys, and this very
valuable composition made its appearance a little before the Author's death, in
one volume Quarto: it was so well received by the Public, that it has since gone
to a Second Edition, under the care of The Reverend James Headrick, 4to.
London, 1808. From his character as a Preacher, Dr. Barry was appointed by
The Society for propagating Christian Knowledge their Superintendant of the
Schools in this distant part of Scotland. The strata are principally composed of
sandstone, sandstone-flag, shistose clay, limestone, and basalt.
SHAWFIELD, in the Under Ward, and Shire of Lanark: in the Parish of
Rutherglen. This is a highly cultivated estate ; which, after passing through
the families of Hamilton, Ellies, Anstruther, and Campbell, has lately been
feued out into a number of beautiful houses, that are occupied by manufacturers,
and others from the City of Glasgow. Of these, the villa of Dr. Cleghorn is
the most extensive, and the grounds are tastefully laid out: it is beautifully
situate, and has a commanding prospect of the windings of the Clyde for a con-
siderable distance, and of the City of Glasgow and the adjacent country.
SHAW PARK, in the Shire of Clackmannan'; and in the Parish of Alloa.
It is li m. N. N. E. from Alloa. This is become 'the Residence of the Noble
Family of Cathcart, since their disposal of the great Estate and beautiful place of
^^«c/«mcr^^^«e, which they possessed for ages in the Shire of Ayr. Their pos-
«essions in this, and the adjoining Parishes, descended to the late Lord
I
SHE
Cathcart from his Grandmother Lad> Shaw ; whose husband liad purchased
them, in the beginning of the Eighteenth Century, at a judicial i-ale, from the
Bruges, of Clackmannan. The House is very magnificent, and the grounds
are delightfully varied, and set off the large Plantations to great advantage.
SHAWS, V. CASTLE-TOWN.
SHEEP, ISLAND, off the Coast of Argyle ; and in the Parish of South-
end. It is a small Island, situate to the Southward of the Peninsula of Cantyre,
and is well calculated for the pasturage of Sheep, from whence it derives its
name.
SHERIFF-HALL, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Inver-
Esk. It is l~ m. N, from Dalkeith. Here are the remains of a large Roman
Camp; and a Hamlet, near it, bears the appropriate name of Camp-End.
SHERIFF MUIR, v. DUNBLANE.
SHERIFF MUIR, The, v. STOBO.
SHETLAND, or ZETLAND ISLES, these are the Northern Division of
THE Northern Isles of Scotland, and are united with The Orkney Islands
in the formation of a Stewarlry. The Southern Promontory of the Mainland is
situate in the Latitude of 59° 59' North, and the Northern extremity of Unst, the
most remote of the whole group, is in the Latitude of 61° 15' North : and the
meridian of London passes through it. The Islands belonging to this Division
are very numerous, but many of them are only small holms or rocky islets, and
are used only for pasturage. Tiie Resident Population of the 29 Inhabited Islands,
in 1801, was 22,379, and, in 1811, was 22,915. The climate is inhospitable:
the spring is late, the summer is short, the autumn is wet and foggy, and the
winter is long and boisterous. The coasts afford numerous bays and safe harbours,
and the ocean abounds with fish : in so much that agriculture is much neglected
for the fisheries. Tlie properly in Shetland consists of the three divisions of
Crown Lands, Kirk Lands, and Udal Lands, which are holden by the same
tenures as in Orkney. The rents are generally paid one half in butter, at
Lammas; and the other half in money, at Martinmas. Free-^-stone, and lime-
stone are abundant ; there is also great plenty of peat, and turf, for fuel ; and
there are likewise considerable quantities of marl, and several quarries of good
slate. The Scotch Laws, customs, manners, dress, and language prevail here:
and they have a Sheriff-Substitute, and other Magistrates, for the administration
of Justice. From their great intercourse with the Dutch fishermen, many of the
inhabitants speak the Dutch language with great fluency. See, Orkney, Islands.
S H O
SIIETTLESTON, within the Jurisdiction of the City of Glasgow, and Shire
of Lanark : in the Barony Parish : Here is a Chapel of Ease. It is 2^ m. E.
from Glasgow. This is a populous Village. Here is a School, with a portion
of the Parochial Salary ; the Master of which has also an excellent School-house,
and the benefit of two small mortifications, paid by the Session.
SHEUGHY-DYKE, v. LEUCHARS.
SHEUGLIE, V. MEIKLY.
SIIIELDHILL, V. POLMONT.
SHIELHILL, BRIDGE, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Kirrie-
Muir. The Bridge of Shielhill was built across the river Esk in the year 1776,
under the direction of Mr. Brown, ofDunkeld, and is about 4 ra. E. from Kirrie-
Muir. It forms a spacious arch, and is considered a very elegant piece of work-
mansliip. The surrounding scenery is very romantic, and the place is rendered
remarkable as being the Scene of Dr. Jamieson's Poem of Water Kelpie ; and
in honour of his Mystic Majesty, a fanciful figure, cut in rude workmanship, is
placed in the centre of the arch. Between this Bridge, and the old Tower
of Inver-Carity, the rivers Prosen and Cavity form a junction with the Esk;
near which is a good Chalybeate spring that is much resorted to.
SHIEL HOUSE, v. RANNOCH.
SHIEL INN, V. GLEN SHIEL.
SHILBAR, V. B ARRAY ISLAND.
SHISKEN, in the Isle of Arran, and Shire of Bute : in the Parish of Kill-
Mory : Here is a Chapel of Ease, and in the Church-yard is a tomb (now broken
by some sacrilegious fellow, in search of treasure), called the tomb of St. Maol
Jos,'\. e. Tl^e (S'ervan^ of Jesus ; a Saint who fixed his residence on the little
Island of Lamblash, and officiated by turns at Shisken, where he died at the
advanced age of One Hundred, and was there interred. It is situate upon the
Western coast of the Island, at the distance of six computed miles from Kill-
Mory. These lands formerly belonged to the Abbey of Saddale, in Caiityre.
See, Lamblash.
SHIVES, V. TARVES.
SHORTBUT-TREES, v. CASTLE-TOWN.
SHOTTS or BERTRAM SHOTTS, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of
Lanark : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was ten chalders
of victual, £50. in money, and £100, Scotch for Communion elements: the
manse was built in 1700 : the glebe consists of 44 acres : Patron, The Duke of
4N
SIB
Hamilton: The Church was erected in 1450. It is in the Presbytery of Hamilton,
and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr, The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, was 2127, and, in 1811, was 2933. It is 9f m. N. E. from Hamilton.
This Parish is 10 miles in length, and 7 miles in breadth. The surface is in
general level, having several hills on its Eastern border ; particularly the Hirst,
the Tilling, and the Cant Hills. The soil is chiefly clay, with a mixture of loam
on the banks of the rivers ; and, by the exertions of some of the proprietors, the
greater part is inclosed, and beginning to assume a more fertile and pleasant
aspect. The whole of this extensive Parish, the lauds oi' Blair-mncks and Mur-
diston excepted, (the former having been the property of the Laird of Dundas,
but now of Sir John Inglis, o( Cranio nd, and the latter of Scott, ofBuccleuch,
till exchanged with a family of the name of Inglis, for lands in the Shire of Rox-
burgh), belonged to the Family of Hamilton, from the year 1378 to 1630; when
The Marquis of Hamilton sold the greater part of this Barony. The public roads
are in good repair. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch,
together with School-fees, and perquisites, a free house, and Candlemas offer-
ings. The climate is particularly healthy. Peats, coals, and iron-stone are
abundant ; and the latter is worked to a great extent at the Omoa Iron Works,
erected in 1787, on the estate of ColoneJ William Dalrymple, of Cleland ; and
on the estate of Mr. David Young, of Little Hairshaw. Near the Honse of
Mttrdiston, now the property of Colonel Hamilton, of the 2d regiment of Dra-
goons, stood The Abbey or Pi'iory of St. Bertram, of which no vestige now
remains.
SHUNA, ISLx4.ND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Lorn, and
Shire of Argyle : it constitutes part of the Parish of Killbrandon. This is a
small Island, and contains a Quarry of excellent Slate. It also abounds with
lime-stone. See, Killbrandon.
SHUNA, ISLAND, off the Coast of Inverness ; and in the Parish of Ard-
namurchan. It is situate at the Northern entrance of Loch Moidart. The Resi-
dent Population of this Island, in 1811, was 53.
SIBBALDBIE, in the Shire of Dumfries : an ancient Parish, now compre-
hended in the Parish of Applegarth; there are still some vestiges of the Church :
The Minister of A p|)legarlh was in use to officiate occasionally at Sibbaldbie :
The Earl of Hopetoun claims the Patronage ; but Sir William Jardine, who is
Patron of Applegarth, claims also the Patronage of Sibbaldbie. It is in the
Presbytery of Lochmaben, and Synod of Dumfries, See, Applegarth.
SKA
SIBSTER, V. HALKIRK.
SIDE HILL, The, v. CASTLE-TOWN.
SIDLAW HILLS. These Hills, which are a continuation of the Ochil Hills,
extend from Perth Eastward, and ternainate near Brechin. When they arrive
at the frontiers of the Shire of Forfar, they form tliree Divisions ; one range from
Lundie stretches Eastward, and declines in the neighbourhood of Monificth ; a
a second range from Auchterhouse proceeds also Eastward, and makes the
gentle rise on the South of Tealing, the Hill of Duntroon, and the Knock-Hills
near Arbroath : the third and highest range stretches North-Eastward, and forms
the Hill of Lorse, in the Parish of Inverarity ; and from Caerbuddo, in a detached
part of Guthrie Parish, may be traced in its progress, till it passes through
the Parishes of Kiuell, Mary-Town, and Craig, on the Eastern Coast. These
hills form the South side of the valley of Strathmore, and receive their namefrom
that circumstance ; Sitd-laws being the Gaelic name for South Hills. The
mountains of the ridge are of various heights ; Sidlaw Hill, which is the most
lofty, being elevated 1406 feet above the level of the sea.
SIMPRIN, in the Shire of Bekwick : a Chapelry, annexed, in 1761, to the
Vicarage of Swinton. It is a small Village, at the distance of 3| ni. N. from
Coldstream. The whole of the ancient Parish of Simprin was long the property
of the ancient family of Cockburn, of Langton, but their affairs falling into
disorder, the estate was sequestrated, and purchased, about the year 1758, by
Patrick Lord Elibank, for Eig-hteen thousand Pounds. The most remarkable
object in Simprin, is the very high and spacious Barn, which was built by the
CocKBURNS, consisting of a threshing floor and large and lofty granaries. Lord
Elibank thinking its height exposed it to storms, lowered the roof considerably,
but left the gabels standing, so that they still show the original altitude of the
building, which is seen from almost every part of the Shire of Berwick.
SINCLAIR, and SINCLAIRTON, v. DYSART, and PATH-HEAD.
SINCLAIR, CASTLE, v. WICK.
SINCLAIR'S, CASTLE, v. LAIGHWOOD.
SINTON, in the Shire of Selkirk, though locally situate in the District of
Hawick, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the Parish of Ash-Kirk. It is 5 m. N. b. W.
from Hawick.
SKAIL, V. FAR.
SKAIL, The Links of, v. SANDWICK.
SKARDY, V. HALLTOWN.
4N2
S K E
SKEILAY, ISLE, one of the Hebridas, and in the Shire of Inverness : it
constitutes part of the Parish of Harris, and is situate near the Western entrance
of the Sou7id. It is uninhabited.
SKELLATER, v. TARLAND.
SKELMURLY, CASTLE, v. LARGS.
SKENE, in the District of Aberdeen, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £96. .15.. 4^ Sterling, including
£'8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, 4 bolls I firlot 2 pecks j- lippie of meal, and
£'57..7..9|;. by Parliamentary augmentation, and a glebe : the manse was built
in 1779: Patron, George Skene, Esq., of Skene : The Church is old. It is in
the Presbytery, and Synod, of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Par-
ish, in 1801, was 1140, and, in 1811, was 1297. It is 9 m. W. b. N. from Aber-
deen. A General Post-Office is established here. This Parish contains about
8000 acres ; of which, 2300 are in-tield, 3056 are out-field, 1640 are pasture,
534 are moss, and the remainder are black muir. The general appearance is
hilly, and rocky ; and the predominant quality of the soil is that of gravel. The
air is dry, and healthy. The Loch of Skene, wliich is about a mile in length, and
upwards of a mile in breadth, abounds with pike, and eels, and various kinds of
aquatic birds. Moor-stone, and granite, are in great plenty. Peats are the
common fuel. The roads are tolerable. Around the Hottse of Skene, the ele-
gant residence of George Skene, Esq., is a considerable extent of flourishing
plantations.
SKEOTISVAY, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness :
it constitutes part of the Parish of Harris, and is situate in East Loch Tarbe^.
It is about a mile long, and is uninhabited.
SKERRIES, these are a cluster of The Shetland Isles ; constituting part of
the Ministry of Nesting. They are situate to the North-East of the Mainland,
and afford anchorage for small vessels. The Resident Population of these
Islands, in 1781, was 70. The names of the principal ones are Bruray, Grunay,
and Housay. A Light-House upon the low rocks here, would render secure
nearly the whole East coast ; while another on the Island of Papa Stotir, would
be equally useful on the IVest coast : these would also prove of the greatest ad-
vantage to the King's vessels, some of which are almost constantly cruising
between 77/e Naze of Norway, and Shetland. Housay, and Bruray, only are
inhabited : the first containing 36, and the latter 18 nierks of arable land : the
inhabilanls are all fishermen. See, Nesting, and Whalsay, Island.
S K I
SKETRAW, in the Shire of Kincardine ; and in the Parish ofFettercsso. It
is 5 ra. N. b. E. from Stonehaven. This is a small Fishing Village, on the Ger-
man Ocean. Great improvements have been made here by the spirit and
industry of Mr. Mackie.
SKIBA, in the Island of Islay, and Shire of Argyle : in the Parish of Kill-
Chonian. This is a Fishing Village, situate on the Western shore of Loch-
in-Daul s and upon the excellent line of road between Bridge-End, and Port-
na- Haven.
SKIBO, in the Shire of Sutherland : and in the Parish of Dornoch. It is 2|:
m. W. S. W. from Dornoch. The old Castle, which is surrounded with exten-
sive plantations, is still habitable : in 1186, Hugh Freskyn, Earl of Suther-
land, gave these lands to Bishop Gilbert Murray, then Archdeacon of Moray :
they afterwards passed through several hands, till at length they came to Lord
DuFFus, and are again returned to the family of Sutherland. An excellent line
of road, with substantial Bridges, has been made from Criech Ferry, passing
by Skiboto Golspie, a distance of upvvards of sixteen miles, under the auspices
of The Parliamentary Commissioners. See, Criech, and Lairg,
SKINNET, or SKINNON, in the Shire of Caithness : an ancient Parish,
now comprehended in the Parish of Halkirk : The Church, which is now in
ruins, was dedicated to St. Thomas. Near it, are the remains of a large build-
ing, called The Abbey. There were also the remains of a fine Monumental stone,
called by the people to this day, St, Thomas's Chair.
SKIPMYRE, V. TRAILFLAT.
SKIPNESS, in the District of Cantyre, and Shire of Argyle : an ancient
Parish, now united to the Parish of Saddale. It is 32 m. N. b. E. from Camp-
bell-Town. Near the shore, stands the Castle, a building of great size and an-
tiquity, and even now can scarcely be called a ruin. The Society for propagating
Christian Knowledge have a School here, for reading, with a Salary of £'5. ; and
another for knitting, with a Salary of £'6. : to the former of these Schools an
annuity of £'2..10..0. Sterling, has been left by Daniel Campbell, Esq., of
Shavjield ; and also another of £'5., by Mrs. Ann Campbell, relict of Cap-
tain Colin Campbell, of Skipness ; both of which annuities are regularly
paid. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 968, and, in
1811, was 1166. The Fisheries are prosecuted with great success. See,
Saddale.
^KIR-DURSTAN, in the Shire of Banff: an ancient Parish, now compre-
SKY
hended in the Parish of Aberlour : The Church, which is now demolished, was
dedicated to St. Durstan. See, Aberlour.
SKIRLING, in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a Rectory and Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £47.. 4.. 4. Sterling, 24 bolls of oats, 17 bolls 2
firlots of meal, 40 bolls of bear, and £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements : together
with a manse which was rebuilt in 1725, and a glebe containing 7 acres, 3 roods,
and 19 falls: Patron, Sir Thomas Gibson Carmichael, of Skirling, the sole
Heritor: The Church was rebuilt in 1720. It is in the Presbytery of Biggar,
and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 308, and, in 1811, was 310. It is 3 m. N. E. from Biggar. This
Parish is about 24 miles in length, and nearly of the same breadth ; containing
between two and three thousand acres of land. The general appearance is
uneven ; but none of the eminences deserve the name of hills, and they are
all covered with verdure to their summits. The soil is in general light, and
tolerably fertile ; but the crops, from its elevated situation, are liable to be
affected by frost, towards the end of Summer. The air is pure and whole-
some. The fuel used here is mostly coal, which is brought from the dis-
tance of 15 miles: there is only one Moss in the Parish, and it is nearly ex-
hausted. The roads are in bad repair • the Statute labour is exacted in kind,
and'is found to be inadequate. The Fairs are holden on the Tuesday before the
•12th of May, the third Tuesday after the 11th of May, the first Wednesday after
the 1 1th of June, and on the 15th of September. The Castle of Skirling appears,
from the vestiges of its walls, to have been very extensive, and strongly fortified ;
it is surrounded by a morass, over which there was a bridge of stone.
SKRINE, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Panbride. This is a
small village, at the distance of 2 m. E. S. E. from Muir-Drum.
SKUTH, CASTLE, v. DESKFORD.
SKYE, ISLE, one of the most considerable of the Hebrides, and belonging to
the Shire of Inverness. It is about 50 miles in length, and about 40 miles at
its greatest breadth. It is separated from the Main-land of Scotland by a chan-
nel about three leagues broad, except at the Ferry of Keil, where it is not more
than half a mile from the nearest part of Inverness. Tlie coasts are, in general,
bold and rocky, abounding with many safe and commodious Bays. Between
the mountains, which are very numerous, and rugged, are some fertile vallies ;
and, tovv'ards the sea-coast, it is plain and arable, producing good crops. The
Climate, though very variable, is not unhealthy. It abounds with game, and
I
SKY
aquatic birds of all kinds. The whole Island is divided into the Parishes of
Bracadale, Duirinish, Killmuir, Portree, Sleat, Snizort, and Strath; a description
of each of which is separately given. By a Memorial presented to Tub Com-
missioners for Highland Roads and Bridges, by The Right Honourable
Alexander Wentworth Lord Macdonald, for himself and other Proprietors
of land in the Shire of Inverness, in July 1804, it appears, " That the Inhabi-
tants of the very large and populous parts of the County of Inverness, compre-
hending the whole of the Isle of Skye and the Isles of North and South Uist and
Harris, and the extensive grazing estates of Glcneig and Loch Alsh, have been
always in the practice of sending their cattle (the principal source of the revenue
of that country) by the Ferry of Kyle Rhea, Bernera, and along the Military road
leading by Fort Augustus to the Markets in the Low Country : Indeed, from the
situation of the country, this has hitherto been the only practicable line for driving
cattle to Market; and, for want of roads through Skye, and from the Military
road having gone into decay, the loss of cattle has been very great.— That your
Memorialist perceives from the Report made by The Honourable Commissioners
to Parliament, that a line of road has been adopted by them, and he understands
now contracted for, leading from the Military road at Loch Oich, near Fort
Augustus, through Glen-Gari-y to the end of Loch Houru ; and that Mr. Tel-
ford, in his Report of this road, dated on the 21st of December 1803, states,
that ' this line of road may be connected with Bernei'a, either through Glenelg
or through Glen Shiel, and past the Shiel House, or by both of these lines of
road. In this point of view, it is of the utmost importance as a Drove-road
from a very extensive tract of country.' From this statement of Mr. Telford,
The Honourable Commissioners will perceive that the great advantage of this
junction of the road with Bernera by Shiel House, and of course by Kyle Rhea,
did not escape the notice of that discerning engineer, though his attention was
not directed to it by amy application from your Memorialist or the other Proprie-
tors interested in that line. The Memorialist is humbly of opinion, that this
connexion of the road, already begun through Glen-Garry, with Bernera and
Kyle Rhea by one or more branches, as suggested by Mr. Telford, would be
of very great benefit and utility to that part of the Highlands, and in particular
to the Districts above mentioned, and indeed to the whole Kingdom, by giving
access to the Isle of Skye, and enabling persons to send for the breed of cattle of
that Island, now admitted to be the best in Scotland. Sensible of the advantages
which must result from opening as speedily as possible, and in the manner
SLA
proposed by Mr. Telford, a safe communication with the Isle of Skye by a
branch from the Glen-Garry road by Shiel House, Bernera, and Kyle Rhea ;
and being of opinion, that without such branch the road from Loch Oich to the
Head of Loch Hourn would be of very little public benefit, the Memorialist is
induced to request the aid of The Honourable Commissioners under the Autho-
rity of the aforesaid Act of Parliament, and he is ready to comply with the regu-
lations of the said Act, for making the said branch of road. The Memorialist
begs to suggest the propriety of surveying the line of road through the Isle of
Skye,
1st. From the Ferry of Kyle Rhea, by Broadford and Sconcer, to Dunvegan
and Stein,
2nd. A branch from Sconcer, Northward by Portree to the Aird of Trotter-
nish.
3d. From Broadford, Southward to Armadale and Ardavasar Bay in the Dis-
trict of Sleat, and the necessary breastworks at the Ferry there, on which
road and Ferry your Memorialist has already laid out a large sum of money.
And, if The Honourable Commissioners shall adopt this line and the
branches therefrom above humbly recommended, the Memorialist is willing
to make further efforts towards the completion of so great and essential an
improvement." — Most of these roads are now (in 1811) happily completed,
and the remainder are in great progress.
" I never was in any house of the Islands," says Dr. Johnson, " where I did not
find books in more languages than one, if I staid long enough to want them,
except one from which the family was removed. Literature is not neglected
by the higher Rank of the Hebridians. — In Skye there are two Grammar Schools,
where boarders are taken to be regularly educated. — The Political tenets of the
Islanders I was not curious to investigate, and they were not eager to obtrude.
Their conversation is decent and inoffensive. They disdain to drink for their
principles, and there is no disaffection at their tables. I never heard a health
offered by a Highlander that might not have circulated with propriety within the
Precincts of The King's Palace. — The various kinds of Superstition which pre-
vailed here, as in all other regions of ignorance, are by the diligence of the Min-
isters almost extirpated." — See,Jnve7'ness, and Rannoch.
SLAINS, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of Aberdeen: formerly a Vic-
arage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 2 chalders of bear, 2 chalders of oat-
meal, and £25. Sterling : the manse was built in 1761 : the glebe is nearly
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4 acres: Palron, Gordon, of Pillurg: The Church was built in 1599. It is in
the Presbytery of Ellon, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, (including the Villages of Collistown, am/ Old Castle) was
970, and, in 1811, was 1085. It is 6 ra. E. b. S. from Ellon. This Parish
contains 6771 Scotch acres, stretching along the German Ocean. The surface
is in general level ; and the soil fertile, and well cultivated. The climate is
remarkably healthy. The Loch of Slains, which is about 54 acres in extent,
abounds with pike, perch, and eels ; and a variety of aquatic birds in winter.
The rocks on the coast are lofty, and are indented with immense chasms and
excavations ; one of which, is upwards of 200 feet long; and another of them,,
well known by the name of 77*6 Dropping Cave, or The White Cave of Slains,
is a great curiosity ; every part of it being covered with stalactical incrustations
of the purest white. The Salary of the Parochial School is 6 bolls 2 firlots 2 pecks
of meal, and 10s. 7d. in money, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and
a rood of land. Peats are the common fuel. The roads are in tolerable repair.
Gordon Lodge is the elegant residence of the Gordons, o( Pithirg, who have for
ages been possessed of this property: and upon which, are the ruins of a small
Chapel, of great antiquity, said to have been built about the beginning of the
Seventh Century, and dedicated to St. Adamannan, the friend and disciple of
St. Columba: it is now properly surrounded with a small plantation, which adds
both to its beauty, and preservation. Upon a high peninsulated rock, the foot
of which is washed by the sea, are the remain.s of the old Castle of Slains, which
was demolished in 1594, by James the Sixth, on the Rebellion of The Earl of
Huntley; it afterwards became the property of The Earls of Errol ; but, in
1791, it was disposed of, together with the lands belonging to The Earl of
Errol in this Parish, to the late Mr. Callander, of Crichton; whose brother,
Sir John Callander, now possesses them.
SLAINS CASTLE, v. CRUDEN.
SLAMANNAN, or ST. LAURENCE, in the Shire of Stirling : originally
a Rectory and Prebend, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 2 cbalders of meal,
one chalder of bear, £50. Sterling in money, and £'8.. 6.. 8. for Communion ele-
ments, together with the Interest of 500 nierks, which is in the hands of The
Session : the manse is in good repair : the glebe consists of 15 acres : Patron,
The Crown: The walls of the Church, which is dedicated to St. Laurence,
were re-built about the year 1753 ; but the old seating: was continued, and which
stands now in much need of being renewed. It is in the Presbytery of Linlith-
voL. 11. 4 O
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govv, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 923, and, in 1811, was 993. It is 6 m. S. S.W. from Falkirk.
The original Parish of Slamannan is from 4 to 5 miles in length, and from 2 to 3
miles in breadth, and lies upon the South side of the water ofAvon, which anciently
separated it from the extensive Parish of Falkirk, that is situate upon the North of
the ^tOH; but, about the year 1730, there was a division made of the Parish of Fal-
kirk, when the whole Parish oi Polmont was taken from it, and a part of it was an-
nexed to the Parish of Slamannan. The part annexed to this Parish lies immedi-
ately upon the North side of the river, and is nearly of the same length with the old
Parish, and about one mile broad : so that the present Parish of Slamannan, includ-
ing the annexation, is from 4 to 5 miles in length, and from 3 to 4 miles in breadth.
The arable lands on each side of the Avon, for about half a mile, are light and
fertile ; but, at a short distance, the ground becomes a strong clay, and gradu-
ally degenerates into a muiry or mossy cold soil, upon which the crops seldom
come to perfection. There is plenty of fuel in the Parish, both coals and peat.
When the annexation was made to this Parish, the Inhabitants of that District
were allowed to build an Aisle, for their own accommodation, upon the North
side of the Church, at their own expense, and to uphold it for twenty years ; and
the Heritors of Slamannan were bound to uphold the old Church for the same
Number of years ; after which, they were aM to bear any expense upon the
Church, and church-yard walls, in proportion to their valuations : but, as they
were otherwise annexed only quoad sacra, they pay no part of the Minister's
stipend. The Superiority of this Parish was vested in the Earls of Callander,
until their forfeiture in 1715, when it became the property of the Crown, toge-
ther with the patronage of the Church.
SLATEFORD, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the Parish of Edzell. It is 6 m.
N. b. W. from Brechin. This is a small Village, situate near the Western bank of
the river North Esk, and is a place of some trade. Here is a Salmon fishery, the
properly of The Honourable Mr. Maule. Its principal manufacture is that o( shoes.
The Market or Fair is holden annually on Wednesday after the 26th of August :
it has of late become considerable, for cattle, and sheep : but it is chiefly remark-
able, for the vast concourse of persoips who attend from the adjacent country.
SLEAT, or SLATE, in the Isle of Skye, and in the Shire of Inverness :
formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 800 merks Scotch, in-
cluding Communion elements: there is neither manse, nor designed glebe, the
Incumbent being accommodated with a Farm, and tolerable Mansion-house :
S L E
Patron, Lord Macdonald : The Church, which was built in 1C81, has since
undergone repeated repairs, and is tlie largest Religious ediGce in the Island. It
is in the Presbytery of Skye, and Synod of Glenelg. The Re!^ident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 1903, and, in 181 1, was 1936. It is situate to the
Westward of the Main-land of Scotland, being sepai'ated by a Channel which
%'aries from a quarter of a mile to two leagues in breadth. This Parish is about
17 miles in length, and from a mile to three miles and a half in breadth, being,
like all parts of the Isle of Skye, intersected by diflierent arras of the sea. The
two extremities are hilly, and consist of considerable tracts of tolerable pasture,
well calculated for rearing black cattle : the whole of the West side of the Par-
ish is composed of a pleasant mixture of arable, and uneven ground, and con-
tains several patches of Wood, both natural and planted: the East side of the
Parish, particularly from the Farm of Knock to Tormore, being an extent of five
miles in length and from a mile to a mile and a half in breadth, is arable, the
soil being deep clay ; but, notwithstanding its Southern aspect, the Harvests
are, in general, late, by reason of the dampness of the ground. The Barony of
Sleat is now subdivided into 26 different Farms or Tenements. Lord Macdonald
is the sole Heritor. The fuel is entirely turf, or peat : but there are indications
of coal. The Salary, and emoluments of the Parochial School, are about £"24.
Sterling. Here is an excellent and well known Harbour, called Isle Oransay,
which is much frequented by small vessels, chiefly Herring-busses ; though
Ships from the Baltic occasionally touch there. Here are two Castles, partly
ancient and partly modern, called Dnnskaich, and rChamuis, i. e. The Castle
at the end of the Bay ; the former of which is celebrated in the Poems of Ossian.
There are also five Duns or Danish Forts ; at one of which, called Dun-Flo, are
a number of human bones, being those of a party of King William's troops,
which, having landed from a ship commanded by Captain Porringer, in the
month of September 1688, were forced by the natives to re-embark after a sharp
skirmish, in which the Royalists were defeated with the loss of 26 men : Arma-
dale is a neat house, built near the sea-shore where the Macdonalds had once a
seat, which was burned at the above period : it is now inhabited by Sir Alex-
ander Macdonald's factor. An excellent line of road, 16 miles in length, has
been made under the auspices of The Parliamentary Commissioners, from
Broadford Bay in the Parish of Strath, which terminates on the coast, at Arda-
vasar Bay ; where a Pier has been constructed for sheltering the Ferry boats,
and for conveniently embarking travellers and cattle passing to and from the
402
S M E
Main-land at the Ferry at Arasaig ; from whence, by means of the Loch-na-
Gaul road, the communication with Fort William is now open.
SMALL-HOLM, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh : formerly
a Vicarage, which, in the ancient Taxatio, was rated at 45 merks ; the Stipend,
in 1811, being £"150., together with a manse, and glebe : Patron, Baillie, of
Jerviswood : The Church is in decent repair. It is in the Presbytery of Lauder,
and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 446, and, in 1811, was 455. It is 6 m. N W. b. W. from Kelso.
This Parish is about four miles in length, and about three miles in breadth.
The surface exhibits an agreeable variety of high and low grounds : and the soil
is various, and tolerably fertile : In 1739 and 1740, eighteen hundred acres of
land in run-rig were divided, and let into large farms. The air is healthy. The
turnpike road, from Kelso to Edinburgh, runs through the village, in the middle
of which the Church stands. On the South West corner of the Parish, is a large
square Tower, belonging to Mr. Scott, of Harden, which is called Small-Holm
Toicer, or Sandy Knoiv ; and being situate on a considerable eminence, it forms
a conspicuous Land-mark at sea, to vessels navigating the coast to Berwick.
SMALL ISLES, a Parish of the Hebrides, comprehending the Islands of
EiGG, Canna, Muck, and Rum : of which Eigg is annexed to the Shire of Inver-
ness, and the other three belong to the District of Mull, and Shire of Argyle.
Small Isles was a part of the Parish of Sleat, until the year 1726 ; when it was
erected into a separate charge, and was called the Parish of Eigg or Short Isles,
that being the most valuable Island, and in which the Minister now resides. la
process of time, the name was, by an an easy transition, changed from Short to
Small Isles. A description of each of these Islands is given separately. The
Resident Population of the Parish of Small Isles was —
In 1794. In 1811.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Argyle, being the
Islandfi o( Canna, Muck, and Rum, _ _ _ 940. 1105.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Inverness, being the
Me oH Eigg, 399. 442.
1339. 1547.
See, Eigg, Island.
SMALL ISLES, HARBOUR, v. JURA.
SMEATON, V. INVER-ESK.
, SxMEATON HOUSE, v. PRESTON-KIRIi.
S N I
SMIDDY-GREEN, v. ANDREW'S, ST.
SMI rnSTONE, i;. TARBOLTON.
SMOW, CAVE, V. DURNESS.
SNAFFIELD, or SNAWFIELD, MOUNTAIN, v. KIRK MAUGHOLD.
SNIZORT, ill the Isle of Skye, and in the Shire of Inverness : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811,, including the glebe, was about £'75.
Sterling : there is no manse : The Patronage is claimed by the Crown, and the
Laird oi Macleod : there are four places of Worship, at a considerable distance
from each other, but the vestiges only of the Parish Chiu'ch remain. It is
in the Presbytery of Skye, and Synod of Glenelg. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 2144, and, in 1811, was 227.5. This Parish
is about 12 computed miles in length, and 6 miles in breadth : its form is
irregular, the Western part being intersected by an arm of the sea, called Loch
Snizort, which stretches at least 4 miles inland, in a direction nearly South-East:
it is narrow, and shallow, and forms numerous bays, and inlets ; and there is a
Ferry over it. The general appearance is hilly, and mountainous : but the sea-
coast, and many of the glens, afford some pretty extensive arable fields. The
soil is various ; but a gravelly loam, on a cold clay, is the most prevalent.
Game is abundai.t. About a quarter of a mile distant from the shore, the river
Snizort forms an Island of nearly an acre and a half in extent ; upon which are
the ruins of an ancient and large Cathedral, which, in all probability was once
the Metropolifan Church of the whole Island of Skye; it is now the burying-place
of many families, in this as well as the adjacent Parishes. There are several
Cairns, and the A'estiges of ma'iy Druidical temples, and Danish forts. The
W'inter, and Spring, are generally damp, cold, and piercing : but the climate
is not unwholesome. There are six Proprietors, of whom Lord Macdonald is
by far the most considerable. There are no Public Schools. The quantity of
Kelp made here is about 50 tons annually, and this only on the Western shores ;
those on the East being bold, deep, and difficult of access. Peats are the general
fuel. By a Letter from Colonel A. Macdonald, of Lyndale, and Mr. Macleod,
of Raasay, dated the 4th of April 1806, to James Hope, Esq. W. S., Agent for
The Parliamentary Commissioners, it appears, that the line of road from Dun-
vegan to Portree, by Snizort, having been through some mistake omitted, they
state, " that it is the second oj' consequence to the Island, as connecting the East
and West coasts of it ; and being also the line by which tiie cattle from The Long
Island are driven to the Market of Portree, as well as those of the Baronies of
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Duirinish, Waternish, and Districts of Arnisort, Lyndale, and Snizort, which
form about one-third of the population and extent of the Island ; it is also of the
utmost consequence, as formino^, when opened, an easy access to the harbours
and fishing Lochs of Dunvegan Bay, Arnisort, Snizort, and Portree, being the
principal Lochs in the whole island for the resort of herrings and vessels." This
useful road is how completed, and extends 191 miles in length, from the Village
of Portree to the hill ofBuleagrumuie, and by Loch Snizort to a junction Avith
the Stein road, near Dunveaan.
SNOASSUiVIUL, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness :
this is a very small Isle, which constitutes part of the Parish of Barray, and is
uninhabited.
SO AY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, v. BRACADALE.
SO-AY, ISLAND, off the Western Coast of Slttherland ; and in the Par-
ish of Assint. It is about half a mile in length, and very narrow, and is a pen-
dicle oflnver Farm. It is rather flat, though not wholly so ; and partly abounds
with heather, and good pasturage.
SOAY, ISLE, V. KILDA, ST.
SOAY, MICKLE amZ LITTLE, ISLES, two of the Hebrides, and in the
Shire of Inverness : they constitute part of the Parish of Harris, stretching
along the Forest shore, near the entrance of West Loch Tarbert, and are both of
them uninhabited.
SODOR, V. MAN, ISLE.
SOFTLAW, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the Parish
of Kelso. It is now divided into Easter and Wester Sofilatc, which are situate
South-South-East from Kelso, at the distance of from a mile and a half
to two miles and a half; Wester Softlaw being the nearest. See, Maxivell.
SOLEBURN, Bay, v. LOCH RYAN.
SONACHAN, V. KILL-CHRENAN.
SORBIE, in the District of Machers, and Shire of Wigtown : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150, : the manse was re-built in
1778 : the glebe including the grass and arable land, garden, and site of the
manse and offices, is nearly 10 acres ; but of these, there are 4 acres of the worst
land in the neighbourhood : Patron, The Crown : The Church is in good repair.
It is in the Presbytery of Wigtovvn, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Village of Gnrlies-Toun) was
1091, and, in 1811, was 1265. It is 4 m. N. from Whitehorn. Tliis Parish is
S O R
about 6 miles in lengtli, and from two to six miles in breadth, stretching along
the Western coast of the Bay of Wigtown. The face of the country is beautiful,
being varied with little hills and plains, which are exceedingly fertile ; and,
where uncultivated, are covered with luxuriant verdure, and afford excellent
pasture for almost innumerable (locks of sheep, and herds of cattle : the soil is
not deep, but exceeding fine : the greater part is inclosed, and well sheltered
by vast plantations; and, to the patriotic exertions and superior skill of The
Earl of Galloway, the fertility and beauty of this Parish are in a great measure
to be ascribed. The roads are in good repair. On the Norlh-West border of
the Parish, is a fine fresh water Lake, called Dowalton Lake ; so named, from
having been formerly the property of a great Family of the name of Macdowal,
whose place of residence was near it: it is more than three miles in circumfer-
ence, and abounds with perch, pike, and eels. There are upwards of 12 miles
of sea coast, including the Bays ; fish of various kinds are in plenty, but as the
inhabitants are now fully occupied in agriculture, fishing is nearly neglected,
and the fishing boats on the coast are very few. The head-lands are Crugleton,
and Eagerness ; and the principal Bays are those of Garlies-Town, — Rifjg, now
called Hunter s Bay, in compliment to Captain Hunter of the Royal Navy, who
there came to an anchor with Lord Garhes, — and the Ports o( Allan, TVhaple,
Q-nd Inner well ; besides many other smaller Bays, where vessels, loaded with
lime and sea-shells, deliver their cargoes. Some of the most ancient hvoed of
Galloway horses are among the mountains, and less improved parts of the
country: they are said to have sprung from a Spanish breed, which were pre-
served on this coast where one of the vessels of the Armada was wrecked, after
sailing round by the Pentland Firth. Peat is the fuel commonly used ; but coa;ls
are imported from Cumberland. There are the remains of two strong Castles,
on the Head-lands of Crugleton, and Eagerness, which are called by the same
names ; the former of which is said to have been the residence of the very axx-
cient and wealthy Family of the Vauses, now Vances, oi Barn-Barroio ; and
is now the property of Sir Stair Agnew, Bart., of Lochnaw : the Castle of
Eagerness is altogether destroyed. Here are three Parochial Schools, and all
the youth are properly educated according to their stations. Galloway House
is the splendid Mansion of the Ancient and Illustrious Family of Stewart, Earl
of Galloway, where His Lordship resides the greater part of the year: it is a
large and elegant edifice, commanding a delightful prospect, and surrounded
with the ancient and extensive Family estate, which has lately been so highly
S O R
improved by its noble owner : the rooms are spacious, and the Library con-
tains many Tliousand volumes of well selected Books, in various languages.
SORN, in the Isle of Mull, and Shire of Argyle : in the Parish of Kill-
Ninian. It is 5 ra. N. W. from Tobermory. This is the estate of Robert
Steuart, Esq.
SORN, properly DALGAIN, in the District of Kyle, and Shire of Ayr : for-
merly part of the Parish of Mauchline, but erected into a separate Parish, in
1692 ; the Stipend, in 1811, being 31 bolls 10^ pecks of meal, 16 bolls 4^ pecks
of bear, and £44.. 5.. Tf Sterling, including £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements:
the manse, and offices, are in tolerable repair : the glebe consists of 9 acres 2
roods and 3^ falls : Patron, Mr. Somerville, of Hamilton Farm: The Church is
a decent, and commodious place of Worship. It is in the Presbytery of Ayr, and
Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
(including the Village of Catrine) was 2606, and, in 1811, was 3348. It is
3 m. E. S. E. from Mauchline. This Parish contains about 23,660 English
acres, stretching along the Northern bank of the river Ayr. The surface is much
diversifled ; and the prevailing soil is a reddish clay, upon a bottom of blackish
till. Coals, peat, lime-stone, iron-stone, and red free-stone, all of good quality,
are in abundance. The climate is rainy, but not unhealthy. The roads, and
bridges, are in tolerable repair. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300
merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a dwelling, and garden.
Gillmillscroft, the seat of Mr. Gray, and Atichmonnach, of Mr. Campbell, are
neat and commodious Mansions. Sorn Castle is most delightfully situate on a
lofty and well wooded rocky terrace overlookinirg the water of Ayr : about the
year 1406, the lands of Sorn, uith several others in the District of Kyle were
acquired by Andrew Ha.milton, third son of Sir David Hamilton, ofCaihow,
ancestor to the Duke of Hamilton : this gentleman married Agnes, a daughter
of Sir Hu(m Campbell, of Loudon, Sheriff of Ayr, by whom he had a son. Sir
Robert Hamilton, of Sorn and Sanquhar. Sir Robert married a daughter cf
Sir William Crawfurd, of Loch Norris : and Sir William Hamilton, of Sorn
and Sanquhar, a son of this marriage, was one of the Senators of the College of
Justice, and Lord Treasurer to King James the Fifth. His Lord Treasurer
married'a daughter of the family of Cassillis, by whom he had an heiress, Isabel
Hamilton, who married George Lord Seton, and by him was mother to
Robert first Earl of Winton, to Alexander, first Earl of Dunfermlin, and
Margaret the wife of Claud Hamilton, Lord Paisley, ancestor to The Earl
s o u
ofABERCORN. The Lands, and Castle of Sorn were sold by the succeeding
Earl of WiNTON to the family of Loudon ; and, after remaining in this family
upwards of 150 years, they were sold to William Tennent, Esq., o( Poole, in
1782 ; who having completely repaired the old Castle, and built a large addition
to it, nearly upon the same plan, afterwards sold both the Castle, and Estate.
Mr. Grose has preserved a view of it.
SOUL-SKERRY, a small Lsle or Rock, in the Atlantic Ocean, which lies
W. N,W. about ten leagues distant from the Village of Stromness. Hither
Seals resort in great numbers ; and a sloop was usually sent once a year, about
Martinmas, to kill them : but the Surge is so great around this Rock, that it
often happened that the Fishermen could not effect a landing ; or, if they were
landed, themselves, and the Seals which they had killed, could not be got off
but with considerable difficulty, and risk. And, since a fatal accident, in No-
vember 1786, this perilous fishing has been abandoned.
SOULS SEAT, in The District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown. It is
situate near Stranraer. Here was a Monastery of the Prcemonstratenses, which
was founded by Fergus, Lord of Galloway, before the year 1160. It was an
ancient Vicarage, valued at 59s. Ad.
SOUND, V. SHAPINSAY, ISLAND.
SOUND HOLM, one of the Shetland Isles; situate to the Southward of
Yell, and constituting part of that Parish.
SOUTHANNAN, v. KILLBRIDE, WEST.
SOUTH BARR, v. HOUSTON.
SOUTH-DEAN, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh : for-
merly a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. Sterlifig, together
with a Manse, and Glebe : Patrons, The Crown, and Lord Douglas : The
Church, which was built in 1690, stands at the Village of Chesters, and is pretty
central ; but it is in extremely bad repair, as is also the manse, which was built,
in 1736. It is in the Presbytery of Jedburgh, and Synod of Merse and Teviot-
dale. The Resident Population of the United Parishes of South-Dean, and
Abbot- Rule, in 1801, was 697, and, in 1811, was 804. It is 7 m. S. b. W. from
Jedburgh. This Parish is situate on the river Jed, and is about 12 miles in
length, and 7 miles in breadth : a great part of it being appropriated to the pas-
turage of Sheep. The air is moist and chilly, but not unhealthy. The Salary of
the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with a House, and Garden. The
fuel now generally used, is coal ; which is brought chielly from Ryechester in
vpL. u. 4 P
sou
the County of Northumberland, at the distance of 15 miles. Free-stone, is abun-
dant, and there are inexhaustible Quarries of lime-stone, in the higher parts of
the Parish : there is also an excellent Quarry of white hard stone, which is much
used for chimney-grates, as it endures the greatest heat, and lasts for many
years. Here are several Tumuli, and the ruins of many old Towers ; but none
of them are large ; and in some places they are nearly entire. At the Village of
Chesters, and many other places, on the adjacent heights, there are also the
ruins of some strong fortifications or camps : their form is circular, and, in gen-
eral, they are quite distinct: and each camp is apparently stationed within
view of South-Dean Law ; which, according to tradition, was a place of obser-
vation, where y?res were kindled at the approach of an enemy. The roads are
in good repair.
SOUTHEND, in the District of Cantyre, and Shire of Argyle : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'66.. 16.. I5: -S/<'r/»M^, including
£8. .6.. 8. for Communion elements, and £91.. 1 0.. 65 by Parliamentary augment-
ation : the manse is in tolerable repair : the glebe consists of 6 acres : Patron,
The Duke of Argyle : The Church was re-built in 1774. It is in the Presbytery of
Cantyre, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 1825, and, in 1811, was 1869. It is 7| m. S. b. W. from Campbell-Town.
This Parish is about 11 miles in length, and 5 miles in breadth, lying at the
extremity of the Peninsula of Cantyre. The surfece is beautifully diversified;
and the vallies are fertilized by the numerous small streams, which frequently
overflow their banks. A Ferry-boat is always in waiting here for the conveyance
of passengers and ca.tl\e to Ballycastle, in Ireland, a distance of 7 leagues.
Here is a Parochial School , with a good house, and is accommodated with 4 acres
of land at a moderate rent by The Duke of Argyle. Along the coast are the re-
mains of several Danish Forts, the most remarkable of which is called Balema-
cumra, and is situate on the Promontory of The Mull of Cantyre, near the place
where the Light-House is erected. The old Castle of Dunaverty, which is built
on a tremendous precipice overhanging the sea, was one of the Castles of The
Lord of The Isles, and once afforded refuge to King Robert Bruce, during
his adversity : in 1647, it underwent a siege, when it was possessed by Alex-
ander Macdonald, commonly called Alister, son of Coll Kittaek, who had
raised a few Highlanders to assist the Marquis of Montrose, during the Civil
Wars ; it wasinvcstedby General Leslie, and after the besieged, whohadsufTcred
great distress by the want of water, had surrendered at discretion, they were
barbarously massacred.
sou
SOUTHERN-NESS, v. SALTERNESS.
SOUTH i:SK, V. LOGIi:, and FERNELL.
SOUTH FERRY, v. QUEENS-FERRY, SOUTH.
SOUTH-HALL, v. INVER-CHAOLAIN.
SOUTH PLATT HH.L, v. RATHO.
S0UT4IWICK, ill tlio Stcwartry of Kuikcudbright : an ancient Rectory, now
united to the Parish of Colvend ; the Minister whereof possesses a glebe hereof
about 8 acres. Although the walls of the old Church of Southwick, which
stands in a very romantic small Strath, about four miles East from the Parish
Church at Colvend, still remain in many places entire, yet there is not the
slightest tradition of any Incumbent at Southwick, or of any circumstance relat-
ing to it as a separate charge. It appears to have been annexed to Colvend,
ever since the Refoi'mation. But however long these Parishes have been united,
their ancient boundaries are still distinctly known ; and Colvend is to South-
wick, in point of rental, extent of territory, and population, nearly as three to
two. In a Diary of tlie personal expenses of Edward the First, in one of his ex-
peditions against Scotland, lately discovered, among other articles, a small sum is
stated to have been oJlered, with his devotions, to " Otir Lady of Southwick."
The water o( Soiilhtvick, which falls into the (S'o/it'a^/ Firth towards the East end
of the Parish, is navigable for nearly two miles by vessels of small burden. The
coast is perfectly flat.
SOUTRA, or SOLTRE, in the Shire of Hadincjton : an ancient Vicarage,
annexed about the year 1600 to the Rectory of Fala ; the Stipend of which, in
1811, was £38. : Patrons, The Magistrates of Edinburgh : The Church is de-
molished. It is in the Presbytery of Dalkeith, and Synod of Lothian a7id Tweed-
dale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 120, and, in 1811,
was 150. It is 9 J m. N. N.W. from Lauder. On Soutra Hill, which is about
1000 feet above the level of the sea, and from whence the prospect is most ex-
tensive and beautiful, are the ruins of an Hospital, founded in 1164, by Malcolm
the Fourth, King of Scotland, for the relief of Pilgrims, and poor and sickly per-
sons. It had the ipn\i\ege of Sanctuary : and the road called The Girthgate, and
Crosschain-Hill, are still pointed out. On the North side of the hill , a little below
where the Hospital stood, is a fountain of excellent water, called Trinity Well,
and which was formerly much resorted to. On the West of the Hospital, is a
small House and ofl^ces, with a property of between three and four acres, be-
longing to a person of the name of Pbingle, which is said to have been a gift
4P2
S P E
from King James the Fifth, for a nights' lodging, when he was separated from
his companions on a hunting party : this small property has continued ever
smce in the same family, without addition or diminution. The village of Soutra
was formerly very considerable, but is now gone to decay. See, Fala.
SPAR TLETON HILL, v. SPOTT.
SPEDLIN'S CASTLE, v. LOCHMABEN.
SPEYMOUTH, in the Shire of Elgin : formerly a Vicarage, consisting of
the two ancient Parishes of Dippel ami Essil, and the Barony of Garmouth,
which were erected into one Parish by a decree of the Court of Session, dated
the 14th of July 1731, when the present name was given to the United Parish,
from its situation at the mouth of the river Spey: the Stipend, in 1811, being
77 bolls 1 firlot 2 pecks of bear, 32 bolls \\ peck of oatmeal, at Sj stones ^er
boll, and £'340. Scotch; the glebe is about 25 acres, being given as an equiva-
lent for the two glebes of the annexed Parishes ; Patron, The Earl of Moray :
The two old Kirks being suffered to go to decay, a new Church was built in the
centre of the United Parish, in 1732, and called " Speymoiith Kirk" but the
old Church-yards continue to be the places of burial ; and no grave is allowed
to be diorged at the new Church, which is now in bad condition : the manse was
built about the same time, at a little distance from the Church, and lately under-
went a thorough repair ; the offices were re-built a few years ago. It is in the
Presbytery of Elgin, and Synod of Moray. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 1236, and, in 1811, was 1124. It is U m. N. W. from
Fochabers, This Parisli is about 6j miles in length, and \~ mile in breadth.
Along the coast, the surface is flat, but it rises gradually in the interior, and ter-
minates in a high hill to the South : the soil is for the most part light and fertile.
There are about 300 acres of Plantations, and about 50 acres of moss. The
Climate is pure, and healthy. There are three Corn mills in the Parish, to one
or other of which all the lands are astricted : tho multure is about an eleventh
part, and the tenants are likewise bound to support the Mill-house and dam,
and to carry the mill-stones. William Duff, Esq., o{ Dippile, ancestor of The
Earl of Fife, bequeathed £4.. 3.. 4. Sterling per annum to the Poor of this Parish,
which Sura is regularly paid by his Lordship ; and the same Gentleman, with
true piety and benevolence, made similar Charitable donations to scvernl Par-
ishes in this neighbourhood. The river Spey is the most rapid river in Scotland,
and, except the Tay, is the largest ; from its source on the borders of Lochaber
to its confluence with the Moray Firth, is a distance of 85 miles. The Fishcrj
S P o
belono-ino- to this Parish, extends for about 4| miles up the river from the sea;
it is the property of The Duke of Gordon, except about two-ninths which belong
to The Earl of Moray. It is in the Latitude of 57° 41' 45" North, and the Lon-
gitude of 2° 56' West. The ancient Hospital o{ St. Nicholas was founded by one
of the Bishops of Moray, and the Prelates of that See were Patrons of it. See,
Garmouth, Dipple, and Essil.
SPITAL, V. PENYCUICK.
SPITAL, ill the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh: The Chapel
has been long demolished, and very few traces now remain of its adjoining
Cemetery, which has been totally abandoned for many years. The Hospital
which belonged to The Kniglits o( St. John of Jerusalem, is also quite obliter-
ated. It is one of the Parishes, that now constitute the Union of Crailing.
SPITAL, HILL, V. HALKIRK.
SPITTLE-FIELD, in the Shire of Perth; and in the Parish ofCaputh.
This is a neat Village, inhabited by weavers, from whom it derives its name. A
Stamp-office for linens was established here, in 1775.
SPITTLE-HAUGH, v. LINTON.
SPOTT, in the Shire of Hadington : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £165., together with a glebe ; Patron, Robert Hay, Esq. :
The Church, and Manse, were repaired, in 1790. It is in the Presbytery of
Dunbar, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 502, and, in 1811, was 561. It is 2 m. S. from Dunbar.
This Parish is about 10 miles in length, and 5 miles in breadth ; comprehend-
ing a fertile Lowland district, and part of the hilly district of Lammer-Muir.
Agriculture is much attended to here. The Salary of the Schoolmaster is 300
merks Scotch, with the usual School-fees, and perquisites. The poor are main-
tained by the interest of £200. Sterlmg, and 400 merks Scotch, mortified by
Lord Alexander Hay, of Spott, together Avith the weekly collections. The Pa-
rochial Records contain the following extract, which shows the liorrid effects of
Superstition, so late as the beginning of the Eighteenth Century:-—" October
1705, Many icitches burnt on the top of Spott loan.'' The edges o{ Lammer-
Muir are beautifully skirted with natural wood. Spott House, the residence of
Robert Hay, Esq., is romantically situate upon ai'ock, in a low glen, surrounded
with beautiful pleasure grounds. St. Johns Well, an excellent spring, is car-
ried in pipes two miles, for the supply of water to the inhabitants of Dunbar.
Kisthill Well was formerly resorted to for scorbutic complaints. Spartleion Hill
S P R
is one of the highest in Lammer-Muir. Partly in this Parish, and partly in that
of Dunbar, is Down Hill, which isremarkable for being the place where General
Leslie had his camp, before, what is sometimes called The Battle nf Dunbar,
but in general in this neighbourhood, Ttie Battle of Down Hill : here Cromwell
was victorious, and many of the slain were buried in and about Spott-dean.
Spott was anciently a Prebend in the Collegiate Church of Dunbar. The Muir-
land Farms are intersected by a large Common, called Dunbar Common, which
is said to be the property of the Town, the Parish, or the Presbytery of Dunbar,
but is promiscuously pastured on by the sheep belonging to the contiguous
farmers.
SPOTTISWOODE, v. GORDON, and WEST STRUTHER.
SPRINGFIELD, in the Shire of Dumfries ; and in the Parish of Graitney.
It is 4 m. W. from Longtown. In the year 1791, a new Village was begun on
the Farm of Springfield, belonging to Sir William Maxwell. It is regularly
built, and is situate on a dry, healthy soil, upon an eminence on the Western
bank of the river Sark, which is here the boundary of The United Kingdom:
the building leases are for 99 years : and, in 1793, it contained upwards of forty
houses; since which time, it has greatly increased, owing to the many advan-
tages which it possesses with respect to its situation. Both coals, and peat, are
plentiful, and at a moderate price : there is a small river contiguous to the
village, which is well adapted for the erection of machinery : and the Sea-port
town of Sark-foot is not above a mile distant from it. The great Roads, from
England by Moffat to Edinburgh and Glasgow ; by Dumfries to Port- Patrick ;
and by Dumfries, and Sanquhar, to Glasgow, all pass through this Village.
SPRINGKELL, v. KIRK-CONNEL.
SPRING WOOD PARK, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh ;
in the Parish of Kelso. It is \ m. S. W. from Kelso. This is a small, but
elegant Seat of Sir George Douglas, Bart.
SPROUSTON, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, including the glebe, was £"172.:
Patron, The Duke of Roxburgh ; The Church, and manse, were built about the
year 1791. It is in the Presbytery of Kelso, and Synod of Merse «juZ Teviot-
dale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the ancient
Parish o( Lempit-Latv) was 1105, and, in 1811, was 1199. It is 2i m. N. E.
from Kelso. This Parish is about fi miles in length, and 4 miles in breadth :
That part which lies along the side of the Tweed, is flat and very fertile, but is
SPY
liable to be overflowed ; the Southern part is more elevated, but not hilly ; and
no part can be said to be unproductive. Agriculture is greatly improved here.
Coals, the only fuel, are brour^ht from the County of Northumberland. The
Roads arc bad. The Regality of Sprouston comprehended a large tract of land,
in the East of the Shire of Roxburgh : In the 14tli century, the Lands of Moll,
Aldtovvn-Burn, and of Black-Dean, were included in this Regality, though it
was nine miles distant. In 1747, The Duke of Roxburgh claimed £1000. as a
compensation, on its abolition. The Barony of Sprouston was granted by
Robert the First to his son Robert Bruce ; and David the Second gave the
Barony of Hawick, and Sprouston to Thomas Murray.
SPYNIE, or NEW SPYNIE, in the Shire of Elgin : formerly a Rectory anrf
Prebend, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was G4 bolls of bear, £30. Sterling, and
60 merks for Communion elements : Patron, The Duke of Gordon : The Church,
which is dedicated to Tlie Holy Trinity, was, together with the manse, plea-
santly situate at the Eastern extremity of the Parish, in the vicinity of the Castle,
until the year 1736, when they were removed to Quarry wood, a more central,
though more bleak situation ; both of them are at present in tolerable repair ;
and the glebe, and garden, consisting of about 6 acres, ai"e both substantially
inclosed with stone walls ; the burying-place is still at Spynie. It is in the
Presbytery of Elgin, and Synod of Moray. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 843, and, in 1811, was 816. It is 2| m. W. b. N. from
Elgin. The Loch oi Spynie, which has given name to this Pari.sh, is more than
three miles in length, and about one mile in breadth : it bounds the Parish along
its North side, and appears to have been a Firth of the Sea, though it is now
shut up by a long extent of valuable land at each end, both on the East and
West. Accordingly part of the Country, between the Lake and the Sea, still
retains the name of Ross Isle ; and there is a place near its Western end, called
Kintrae, i. e. The Head of the Tide. It appears, from the Chartulary of Moray^
that, in the Thirteenth Century, small boats were sent from the Village of Spynie
to fish in the sea ; in testimony whereof, a heap of shells, collected by the fisher-
men, was lately discovered, under a thin covering of earth, on the site where
Old Spynie originally stood. It also appears, from the Chartulary, that, in
1451, the Bishop of Moray got this Village erected into a Burgh of Barony, and
the next year into a Burgh of Regality ; but there is now no other vestige of it
than a Market Cross. But, although it is evident, that, at a period compara-
tively not remote, the sea flowed into the space whicli the Lake now occupies
SPY
and covered also a large extent of land at each end of it ; yet, it is also obvious,
that, at a still more recent period, the bounds of this lake were more limited
than at present : for, a few years ago, when the Canal, which had long been
neglected, was cleaned out and enlarged, a Causetvay was discovered, stretching
from this Parish quite across the Lake, in which there were several passao-es
for the water, each about three feet wide, and covered by a thick flag-stone ; and
upon its appearance, a Tradition was recollected, that this Causeway was called
Tlie Bishop's Steps, and had been formed by his influence, for the accommoda-
tion of the Ministers of St. Andrew's, who oflficiated also in the Church of Ogston;
and that the Bishop's Priest read prayers in the Forenoon in the one, and in the
Afternoon in the other, and afterwards dined in the Castle every Sunday.
This Causeway was soon converted by Mr. Brander, of Pitgaveny, into a
substantial road, by which a more direct communication was opened between
Elgin and the shore: and as he is now farther improving the Canal, so as
to gain nearly two feet of additional fall, it is expected, when this work is
completed, that the Lake will be again reduced to its ancient narrow limits :
It abounds with wild Swans dnring winter ; which Fordun remarks as a curi-
osity ; and in it are also perch and trout. A great part of this Parish lies plea-
santly along the banks of the river Lossie, within view of Elgin, including
Aiichter Spynie, called also Upper Havgh, Morayston, called, in 1378, Middle
Haugh, (then feued by the Bishop to John Dallas, son of William Dallas, of
Strathardel), and Wester Haugh, now called Borough- Bridge. It is about 4
miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth ; a ridge of moor stretches along its
whole extent, rising gradually towards the West into a pretty high hill, and is
cloathed almost throughout with thriving plantations of fir, interspersed with
other Forest trees: On the South side of this ridge, is a large extent of very
flourishing natural Oak wood, the property of The Earl of Fife : and under a
thin stratum of moorish soil, the whole of this ridge seems to be a mass of excel-
lent, hard free-stone ; of which there is a Quarry, near its summit, that supplies
a great portion of the Country with mill-stones, and the Town of Elgin, and the
Neighbourhood, with stones for building. On each side of this ridge lies the
whole of the cultivated land, in which almost every variety of soil is to be met
with, from the heaviest clay to the lightest sand. The Climate is healthy. The
whole Precincts of the Bishop's Palace, which do not exceed 10 acres, are now
the property of the Crown, and are let by the Court of Exchequer to the Earl of
Fife, at an annual Rent of £12, Sterling. The remainder of the Parish is divided
S T A
among five Heritors ; — The Earl of Fu-e holds all the lands in the North
and West, except the Estate of Westfield, which is the property of Francis
Russell, Esq. of Blackhall, Advocate ; — The Earl of Seafield holds the lands
of Borough-Bridge (about 40 acres), lying between the river Lassie and the
Town of Elgin ; as well as the lands of Greenhall, Myreside, and Bishop-Mill,
in the East, between Spynie and Elgin; — James Miln, Esq., having only the
Mills of Bishop-Mill, with a small contiguous property; — And, the Lesslies,
of Findrassie, have long possessed that estate, on the side of the Lake, between
the properties of the two Earls. Coals may now be had at a moderate price.
The Scottish is the prevailing language. On the hill of Quarrywood, are the re-
mains of a Danish Camp. Spynie is a dormant Barony in the family of Lind-
say, a younger branch of the Earls of Crawford. Here was the chief Palace
of the Bishops of Moray ; this Edifice stands on a rising ground, on the South
bank of the Loch of Spynie, and when entire, is said to have been one of the most
magnificent Episcopal Palaces in Scotland. In 1590, Sir Alexander Lindsay,
Son of the Earl of Crawford, was created Lord Spynie ; whose Grandson dying
in 1760, without issue, the lands reverted to the Crown, and were granted to
Douglas, of Spynie : from whom the Barony was purchased by James Brodie,
late of Whitehill ; and is now the property of James Brodie, his Grandson.
Mr. Grose has preserved two views of this Palace.
STABLETON, CASTLE, v. DORNOCK.
STACKS of DUNCAN'S BAY, off the Coast of Caithness ; and in the
Parish of Canisbay. These are two pyramidal pillars of naked free-stone, which
rear their fantastic summits into the air, and strike the eye of a stranger on ap-
proaching them, as the huge spires of some old Gothic pile. During the season
of incubation, they are frequented by prodigious numbers of sea-fowls, which
nestle about their sides ; while the Eagle sits in Royalty upon their summits.
STAFFA, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Mull, and
Shire of Argyle : It constitutes part of the Parish of Kill-Ninian. This Island
is about 5 leao^ues West from the Isle of Mull, and 3 leagues North-North-East
from I-Co!m-Kill. Its form is oblong and irregular, about one mile in length,
and half a mile in breadth : its coasts are steep and craggy ; the sides being
entirely bare, exhibiting superb basaltic columns, and hollowed by various
caverns. It is accessible only by a small entrance on the West side, where the
surface slopes towards the sea ; but which will only admit a small boat, and
that in the calmest weather. The most elevated part of the Island, is over th©
VOL. II. 4 Q
S T A
Cave of FiNGALL, where it is 214 feet above the sea, at ordinary tides. Near
the middle of the Island is a wretched hut, inhabitated during the summer
by the Herdsman and his family, who take care of the cattle which are pastured
here. More than one-half of tlie circumference of the Island is occupied by
grand and regular colonnades of basaltes, which are completely exposed by the
sea ; the rest of the Island exhibits the same basaltic appearances ; but the
pillars are bent and twisted in various directions ; some lying nearly horizontal,
and others forming segments of circles. They generally rest on an irregular
pavement, formed of the upper sides of those pillars that have been broken off,
which extends in a sloping direction as far under water as the eye can discover.
Here the forms of the pillars are apparent ; these ai'e of 3, 4, 5, and 7 sides ;
but those of 5 and 6 are most prevalent. They are of various diameters, from the
extent of a foot to four feet and a half The surfaces of the large pillars are
rough and uneven, full of cracks in all directions ; the pillars are jointed, and the
upper surface of each joint is generally concave, having a corresponding convexity
in the inferior surface of the other ; but the reverse of this is often noticed, and
many of the pillars exhibit a plain surface. In some places, the interstices,
between the perpendicular prisms, are filled up with a yellow sparry matter,
composed of the oxyd of iron, separated from the basaltes, and a little argilla-
ceous earth, with some specimens of zeolitic crystals. The pillars near the
landing place are small, but increase in magnitude as they are nearer the
Cave of FiNGALL, the greatest natural curiosity of the Island. " The impatience
which every body felt," says The Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.,
K. B. (the Illustrious Naturalist, who first described this grand and striking
characteristic, with a degree of philosophy and accuracy that obtain the highest
commendation), " to see the wonders we had heard so largely described, pre-
vented our morning's rest ; every one was up and in motion before the break of
day, and with the first light arrived at the South-West part of the Island, the
seat of the most remarkable pillars ; where we no sooner arrived than we
were struck with a scene of magnificence which exceeded our expectations,
though formed, as we thought, upon the most sanguine foundations ; the whole
of that end of the Island supported by ranges of natural pillars, mostly above 50
feet high, standing in natural colonnades, according as the bays or points of land
formed themselves ; upon a firm basis of solid unformed rock, above these, the
stratum which reaches to the soil or surface of the Island, varied in thickness as
the island itself formed into lulls or vallies ; each hill, which hung over the
S T A
columns below, forming an ample pediment ; f5omc of these above CO feet in
thickness, from the base to the point, formed by the sloping of the hill on each
side, almost into the shape of those used in architecture. Compared to this, what
are the Cathedrals or the Palaces built by men ! mere models, or playthings,
imitation as diminutive as his works will always be when compared to those of
Nature ! Where is now the boast of the architect ! regularity, the only part in
which he fancied himself to exceed his mistress, Nature, is here found in her
possession, and here it has been for ages undescribed. Is not this the School
where the art was originally studied, and what has been added to this by the
whole Grecian School? a capital to ornament the column of Nature, of which
they could execute only a model ; and for that very capital they were obliged to
a bush of Acanthus : how amply does nature repay those, who study her won-
derful works ! — With our minds full of such reflections we proceeded along the
shore, treading upon another Giant's Causeway, every stone being regularly
formed into a certain number of sides and angles, 'till in a short time we arrived
at the mouth of a cave ( The Cave of Fingal), the most magnificent, I suppose,
that has ever been described by travellers. The mind can hardly form an idea
more magnificent than such a space, supported on each side by ranges of co-
lumns ; and roofed by the bottoms of those, which have been broken off in order
to form it ; between the angles of which a yellow stalagmitic matter has
exuded, which serves to define the angles precisely ; and, at the same time,
vary the colour with a great deal of elegance, and to render it still more
agreeable, the whole is lighted from without ; so that the farthest extremity
is very plainly seen from without, and the air within being agitated by the
flux and reflux of the tides, is perfectly dry and wholesome, free entirely from
the damp vapours with which natural Caverns in general abound." This
wonderful work of Nature is 53 feet wide at the entrance, 117 feet high,
and 250 feet long : the arch is composed of two unequal segments of a circle,
which form a natural pediment : the mass which crowns, or rather which forms
the roof, is 20 feet thick at its lowest part. The bottom of the Cave is filled
with the sea, reaching to the very extremity; in very calm weather, a boat may
sail into it ; but, if this should be attempted when the waves are agitated, though
only in a very small degree, the boat would inevitably be dashed to pieces
against the sides of the cavern. The only way of entering al such times, is by a
Causeway not more than two feet broad, on the Eastern side, formed by the
bases of broken pillars, which is exceedingly slippery, being constantly washed
4Q2
S T A ^
by the Spray. Besides the Cave of Fingal, there is another which exhibits the
same appearances, though on a less scale : it is situate on the North side of the
Island, in the midst of a magnificent colonade, and is named in Gaelic Ua-na-
scarve, i. e. TTie Corvoranfs Cave. The basaltic pillars of Staffa are all magne-
tic ; the lower parts possessing a Nortli, and the upper parts a South Polarity.
This celebrated Island has since been visited by many curious and ingenious
men, who all concur in its being " undoubtedly the greatest natural curiosity in
Europe, if not in the world." — This Island is the property of Ronald Macdo-
NALD, Esq., Advocate, and Sheriff-Depute of the Shire of Stirling; and who
vv'as lately married to Miss Stewart, of Allanton. See, Mull, Isle.
STAFFOLD, v. LANGHOLM.
STAGE-HALL, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Stow. It
is 24 m. S. S. E. from Edinburgh, and 364 m. N. b. W. from Loudon. A Gene-
ral Post-Office is established here.
STAGS, The, V. DURNESS.
STAIR, in the District of Kyle, and Shire of Ayr: formerly a part of the
Parish of Ochiltree, and erected into a separate Parish in 1653 ; the Stipend, in
1811, being 3 chalders of victual: no manse: Patron, The Earl of Stair : The
Church is in good condition. It is in the Presbytery cf Ayr, and Synod of Glas-
gow and Ayr. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 663, and,
m 1811, was 614. It is 4f m. S. W. from Mauchline. This Parish is about
6 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth, lying between the rivers Ayr and
Kyle. The soil is in general a deep clay, except on the banks of the rivers,
where it is loamy ; and the whole is inclosed, and well cultivated. Coals are
abundant: and, on the lands of Dalmore, antimony, copper, and pliin^ago or
black lead, have been discovered, and a species of whetstone, well known by
the name of" The Water of Ayr Stones." The roads, and bridges, are in good
repair. Considerable plantations have lately been made here ; especially on
the estates o( Stair, the seat of General Stuart, — Barskimming, of Lady Miller,
o( Glen- Lee, — Drongan, ofMuNco Smith, Esq., — and, Gadgirth Castle, oiMv.
Steel. Stair gives the title of Earl, Viscount, and Baron to the Ancient and
Noble family of Dalrymple,
STANLEY, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parishes of Auchtergaven,
and Redgorton. This is a considerable Village, erected on fues from The Duke
of Athol, in the year 1784. Here is an extensive cotton manufactory. Stanley
House, which is beautifully situate ou the banks of the river Tay, was built by
S T E
the late Lord Nairn. The family of Nairn had another elegant liousc near Loak,
the ruins of which arc yet visible: their place of interment is in the South Aisle
of Auchtergaven Church. Here is a private School.
STAPLE GORDON, in the Shire of Dumfries : an ancient Parish, now
comprehended in the Parishes of Langholm, crwrf Wester-Kirk : The Church-
yard here is still in use. It is 2 m. N. N. W. from Langholm. See, Langholm.
STAXIGOE, in the Shire of Caithness : and in the Parish of Wick. This
is a small fishing village, with a harbour for boats, on the estate of Sir Benjamin
Dunbar, Bart., of Ilempriggs.
STEIN, in the Isle of Skye, and Shire of Inverness : in the Parish of Kill-
muir. This is an improving Village on the North- West coast of the Island, es-
tablished by The British Fishery Society. Under the auspices of The Par-
liamentary Commissioners, an excellent road has been made to this village,
from tlie head of Loch Sligichan by Loch Bracadale and Dunvegan, a distance
of 30| miles. It is the property of Macleod.
STEITIL, FOREST, v. LOTH.
STEMPSTER, LAKE, v. LATHERON.
STENNESS, in the Island of Pomona, and in the Shire of Orkney and Shet-
land : formerly a Vicarage, united to the ancient Vicarage of Firth. It is in the
Presbytery of Cairston, and Synod of Orkney. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 640, and, in 1811, was 566. The Mainland, toward the
West, is intersected from South to North, to the distance of nearly five miles,
by the Loch of Stenness: which, near the middle, is almost divided into two
parts, by the plains on each side stretching out, and nearly meeting with each
other : they are connected by a kind of causeway, which leads to the large
circle. These plains are pleasantly situate in the bosom of the Loch, and in the
centre of an immense amphitheatre; in the area of which, are the Parishes of
Stenness, Harra, and Birsa. Its limits are the hills of Orphir, Rendal, and
Sandwick, and the majestick Hills of Hoy, which toward the South, lye at a
much greater distance, and bound the prospect. The plain, on the West side
of the Z«oc//, contains a circle sixty fathoms in diameter, formed by a ditch on the
outside, twenty feet broad and twelve feet deep ; and, on the inside, by a range
of Standing Stones, twelve or fourteen feet high, and four broad : several of them
are fallen down, of others fragments remain, and of some only the holes in which
they stood : the earth that has been excavated from the ditch, has been carried
away, and very probably been made use of to form four Tumuli or Barrows, of
S T E
considerable magnitude, which are ranked in pairs on the East and West side
of this remarkable monument of Antiquity. The Plain, on the East border of
the Loch, exhibits a semi-circle, sixteen fathoms in diameter, formed not, like
the circle, with a ditch, but by a mound of earth, and with stones in the inside,
like the former in shape, though of much larger dimensions. Near the circle
there are Standing stones, which seem to be placed in no regular order that we
can now discern ; and near also to the semi-circle, are others of the same de-
scription. In one of the latter is a round hole, not in the middle, but towards
one of the edges, much worn, as if by the friction of a rope or chain. Toward
the centre of the semi-circle, also, is a very large broad stone now lying on the
ground ; but whether it stood formerly like those around it, or has been raised
and supported on pillars to serve a particular purpose, cannot now be determined.
The common people still attach much veneration to the stone with the circular
perforation ; if a lover and his mistres join hands through it, this is considered as
the sign of a vow of the most sacred kind ; it is called The Promise of Odin.
The more superstitious of the natives also are of opinion, that if, in their youth,
they pass their heads through this hole, they will never be afflicted with palsy.
STENNESS, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the
Parish of North-Maven. This Holm and Isle are situate to the South-West,
and abound with kitty-tcakes ; which fill every projection and every hole, that
can possibly afford them shelter.
STENRIES HILL, v. WAMPHRAY.
STENTON, in the Shire of Hadington : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £150. : Patron, William Nisbit, Esq., o{ Dirlfon : The
Church is in decent repair. It is in the Presbytery of Dunbar, and Synod of
Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
was 620, and, in 1811, was 685. It is 4^ m. S. W. from Dunbar. The Inland
part of this Parish is about Similes from North to South, and Smiles from
East to West ; and is so called, because a narrow stripe of muiry ground
stretches Southward into Lammer-Midr, to the distance of about 10 miles from
the Church, and is there bounded by the river Whittadder. The soil is exceed-
ingly various ; it lies mostly upon free-stone and gravel ; and the greater part
is inclosed. For several ages, this Parish was called Petcoks, from the name of
a Village, a mile and a quarter North-East from Stenton : but, {\\g stony qua-
lities of the soil have since induced the Inhabitants to denominate this District,
Stenton. It was formerly a Prebend in the Collegiate Church of Dunbar.
S T E
STEVENSTON, in the District of Cuningharae, and Sliire of Ayr : formerly
a Vicarage, the Stipvnd of which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse is in ^ood
repair : the glebe consists of more than the legal extent : Patrons, Mr. Harniiton,
of Granrje, and Mr. Cuninghame, of Sea-bank, by turns: The Ciiurch is <.ld.
It is in the Presbytery of Irvine, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Re-
sident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including part of the Town of Salt-
coats) was 2146, and, in 1811, was 2911. It is 4 m. N. W. from Irvine. This
Parish is about 5 miles in length, and 2\ miles ia, breadth, stretching along the
coast of the Atlantic Ocean, which is here ilat and sandy ; in the interior, the
soil is mostly clay, and abundantly fertile. The climate is dry and salubrious.
Coals, lime-stone, and free-stone, of excellent quality, are in great abundance.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and
a house, and garden. There are several seats of the residing proprietors ; the
chief of which are those of Alexander Hamilton, Esq., of Grange ; R. Cun-
inghame, Esq., of Sea-Bank; and of Patrick Warner, Esq., o(Ardeer. The
old ruinous Castle of Kerrila, now the property of the family of Hamilton, of
Grange, forraerlv belonged to, and was inhabited by The Earl of Glencairn.
STEVENSTON, in the Shire ofHAoiNGTON ; and in the Parish of Hadington.
This is a beautiful Seat, at the distance of 2 miles East from Hadington. It is
situate on the South bank of the river Tyne.
STEV\^ARTF1ELD, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen: in the
Parish of Old Deer. This is a populous Village, built upon the estate of Mr.
Burnett, of Denns : who, in 1783, established a bleach-Celd in its neighbour-
hood, for the encourao-ement of its linen and varn manufactures.
STEW ARTON, in the District of Cuninghame, and Shire of Ayr : formerly
a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse is in toler-
able repair : the glebe consists of more than the legal extent : Patron, Mr.
Cuninghame, of Lainshaio : The Chwirch is indecent condition. .It is in the
Presbytery of Irvine, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Popula-
laJion ofthis Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 2657, and, in 1811, was 3049. It
is 61 m. W. S. W. from Edinburgh. The Market is well supplied. The Fairs
arc holden on the last Friday, O. S., in April, the last Tuesday, O. S., in May,
the last Thursday, O. S , in June, the last Tuesday, O. S.. in July, and the first
Friday after the 12th of November, and the first Thursday thereafter. A General
Post-Olfice is established here. It is pleasantly situate on the water of Annoch,
and my vie with any Town of its size in the West of Scotland for the beauty.
S T I
regularity, and cleanliness of its streets, and houses. The principal manufacture is
that o{ bonnets. This Parish is upwards of 10 miles in length, and, in some places,
about 4 miles in breadth. The general appearance is flat, with a gradual descent
towards the sea : the soil is mostly a strong clay, and arable, and it is generally
inclosed. Very extensive Plantations have lately been made here. The climate is
rainy. The roads, and bridges, are in good repair. There is plenty of lime-stone,
but no coal. Near the Town, are the foundations of a House, said to have been a
Seat of one of the Royal race o^Stewart, from which the Parish derives its name.
STICHEL, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 600 raerks in money, and 6 chal-
ders of victual, one-half payable in bear, and the other in in-Jield oa.ls, Lin-
lithgoic measure, togetlier with £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, one-half of
which is paid by The Earl of Marchmont, and the other by Sir James Pringle,
Bart. : the glebe of Stichel consists of about 5 Scotch acres, and the glebe of
Home of between three and four English acres ; the Parish of Home, in the Shire
of Berwick, havin g been annexed to that of Stichel, in order to augment the
modern Stipend ; Patron, The Crown: The Church is in decent repair. It is
in the Presbytery of Kelso, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident
Population of the Parish of Stichel, in 1801, was 506, and, in 1811, was 522.
It is 4 m. N. b. W. from Kelso. Stichel is supposed to take its name from its
elevated situation, the Church, and Village, being placed on the commanding
brow of a steep hill ; and most part of the Parish is 600 feet above the level of
the river Tweed at Kelso. The united Parishes are between five and six miles
from South to North, and between three and four miles from East to West.
A considerable portion of the land is a strong soil : in some places it is
wet, and cold ; but the tenants are particularly studious in its improve-
ment ; and nearly the whole is inclosed, and mostly in tillage. The cattle
in the Parish of Stichel are of a larger size than the generality of cattle.
North of the Tweed ; owing to the late Sir Robert Pringle, who had, for sev-
eral years, a supply of Dutch Bidls. The Barony of Stichel, and the Barony
of Home, each maintain their own Poor. There is a deed of mortification
of £100. Sterling, by a Captain Robert Home, of the regiment of Foot for-
merly commanded by Colonel Roger Handyside ; one half of the interest of
which is annually distributed at Christmas to poor Householders in the Village
of Home ; and the other half to the Schoobnaster of Home, for teacliing poor
scholars who are natives of that Village. The water of Eden separates the
S T I
Parish of Slichel from that of Nenlhorn, for about a mile and a half^ and, in its
course, forms a beautiful cascade. Lime, and coals, are brought from the
County of Northumberland, and are exceedingly dear. Stichel- House, is the
elegant residence of Sir James Pringle, Bart. See, Home.
STIRK'S, ISLAND, v. EDDERACHYLIS.
STIRLING, anc«eK% STRYVELING, a Royal Borough, having separate
Jurisdiction, locally situate in the Shire of Stirling : This Ecclesiastical charge
was made Collegiate in 1051 ; the Stipend of the First Minister, iu 1811, being
£150., which is paid out of the Teinds, and collected by the Town, in conse-
quence of an agreement between the Minister and Town to that efi'ect; he has
also a manse, which was bequeathed by Colonel Edmond, during the Seven-
teenth century : the Stipend of the Second Minister, in 1811, was £110., which
is paid by the Town, from an impost on the malt ground at the Town mill ; he
has no manse : The Chaplainry of the Castle, procured through the interest of
the Town, is vested in the First Minister only, during life: Patrons, The Town
Council: The W^es< Church, of very beautiful architecture, was erected about
the year 1494, for the accommodation of some Observantine Friars, who were
settled in a Convent, almost contiguous to it, by James the Fourth : The East
Church, the present place of Worship, was erected by Cardinal Beaton, and is
a more splendid and magnificent fabric. It is in the Presbytery of Stirling, and
Synod of Perth and Stirling, The Resident Population of this Town, and
Parish, in 1801, (including 15 persons in the Gaol) was 5271, and, in 1811, was
5820. It is 35f m. W. b. N. from Edinbui-gh. A General Post-Office is
established here. The Market is on Friday, and is well supplied. The Fairs
are holden on the first Friday in February, the last Friday in May, the first
Friday in August, the third Friday in September, the first Friday in November,
and the second Friday in December. The situation of the Town is very romantic,
being seated on the sloping ridge of a rock, the precipitous end of which,
towards the West, is occupied by the Fortress. The great Street, on the sum-
mit of the hill, is broad and spacious, with elegant houses ; but the other Streets
are narrow and irregular. Sterling, according toBoETHius, gave name to Sterling
money, because Osbert, a Saxon Prince, after the overthrow of the Scots, estab-
lished here a Mint: this etymology would, however, seem to be a mistake, as
SterMng money is said to be derived from the Merchants of the Easterlings. This
Town was also anciently called Siriveling ; as is said, from the frequency of
strifes or conflicts in the neighbourhood ; and from this old name, the present
appellation seems to have been derived. It is a place of great antiquity ; but
VOL. ii. , 4 R
S T I
many of the Charters of the Town having been lost during the invasions of the
Eno'lisih and the Civil wars, in all of which Stirling made a conspicuous figure,
it Is not possible to trace its early importance. Stirling, in conjunction with the
Royal B( roughs of Inver-Keithing, Dunfermlin, Culross, and South Qucen's-
Fcrry, sends one Member to Parliament. It was one of the Curia quatuor Bur-
gorum; a Court which gave rise to the present Convention of Royal Boroughs.
The Municipal government consists of a Provost, 4 Baillies, a Dean of Guild, a
Treasurer, 7 Merchant Counsellors, and 7 Deacons of Trade. Besides the
ordinary Jurisdiction in Civil cases, which is common to the Magistrates of all
Royal Boroughs, the Magistrates of this Town have also an extensive criminal
Jurisdiction conferred upon them by their Charters, equal to the power of
Sheriffs within their Territories. There is a peculiar Bye-Law of this Corpo-
ration, made in 1695, which the Members of the Council must annually take an
Oath to observe ; originating in a liberal and independent spirit, and which,
from its salutary tendency, deserves to be followed by other Corporate Bodies :
by this Oatli they bind themselves, to take no lease of any part of the Public
property under their management, nor to purchase any part of it ; neither to
receive any gratification out of the Public funds, under pretence of a reward for
their trouble, in the transaction of the affairs of the Borough, or of the Hospitals
founded in it. By the same Bye-Law also, A Board of Auditors for inspecting
the Public Accompts is annually elected, consisting of two Members, who are
chosen by the Merchants at large, and two by the seven Royal Incorporations.
Stirling being situate on the Isthmus, between the ForthaxxA CV3/(/e, is, by means
of its Brida:c, the areat thorough-fare of the North of Scotland. It is the Seat
of the Circuit Court of Justiciary, for the Western Circuit ; tlie only Gaol in the
County is here ; and here also the County Meetings are usually holden. In the
Council Chamber is kept the Jug(j, appointed by law to be the Standard oi dry
measure in Scotland. The Grammar-School, which has long been celebrated
for its able masters, is conducted by a Rector, and Usher : there is also a writing-
school, two established English teachers, and a teacher in Allan's Hospital,
permitted by the Town : the annual Salary of the Rector is £40., and a house ;
those of the other teachers are from £20. to £30. Sterling. A manufacture of
Shalloons has long been carried on here ; and there are also carpet, and cotton
Manufactories. Coals are plentiful. Here are tlirce Private Banks, besicfcs a
Branch of the Old Bank of Scotland. The Salmon Fishery, belonging to the
Town, is vci-y productive. There are Three Hospitals ; the First of wliich,
endowed by Robert Spittal, Tailor to King James the Fifth, about the year
S T I
1530, is for the support and relief of poor tradesmen, and lias a yearly rental of
£221., from lands in the neighlwiuliood of Stirling : — the Second, founded and
endowed by John Cowan, Merchant, in 1639, for the support of 12 decayed Guild
Brethren, has an Income in lands of £1158. Sterlinrj : — and the Tfiird, founded
by John Allan, Writer, in 1725, Jor the maintenance and education of the Chil-
dren of decayed tradesmen, has a yearly rental in land Of £298. Sterling. There
are also various other Charitable Foundations, which are honouraljly and imjjar-
tially conducted. Near to the walls of the City, was a Monastery of The Domi-
nicans, which was founded by King Alexander the Second, in 1233: in this
Church was interred an Impostor, who, at the instigation of The Countess of
Oxford, assumed the character of Richard the Second : after his retreat, he
found here an honourable support to the day of his death. The Church of The
Observanlines is a very handsome building, in the best style of Gothic architec-
ture : This Church is noticed in History as the place where, in 1543, The Earl
of Arran, Governor during the reign of Queen Mary, publicly renounced the
Reformed Religion, which he had once professed to favour : it was also here
that King James the Sixth was crowned in 1567. On the North side of this
Church, stands a ruinous building, of superb workmanship, called Marr's Work,
having been erected by John Earl of Marr, who was a short time Regent in the
Minority of James the Sixth: the stones, with which it was built, were brought
from the Abbey of Cambus-Keuneth, the revenues whereof were at that time
holden in Commendam, by that Earl's near relations : many of the .stones have
been carried away to build walls and other erections at the New Church-yai'd,
at St. Ninian's. On the right hand of the road leading to the Castle, stands a
spacious edifice, which once belonged to a Noble family of the name of Alex-
ander, who took the title of Earl from this Town : it was afterwards in pos-
session of the Family of Argyle, by whom it was lately sold ; it is now consi-
derably out of repair, and is let in different tenements. Mr. Grose has preserved
a view of the Church. — The Castle is undoubtedly of great antiquity, but when
it was first built, is not known : The natural strength of the Rock upon which it
stands, especially before the use of artillery, must have always made it a desir-
able fortress. It was occasionally the residence of the Scottish Kings, but not a
fixed Palace, until the Family of Stewart mounted the Throne : itwas the place
of Nativity of James the Second, who often resided at it after his coronation ;
and here he perpetrated the murder of William Earl of Douglas, in 1552,
Avhom he stabbed with his own hand : the Royal apartments were then in the
4 R 2
S T I
North- West .corner of the Castle, and are at present the residence of the Fort-
Major, and partly occupied by the Armoury : the closet where the murder was
committed, still goes by the name of Douglas's room. James the Third took
particular pleasure in this Castle, and added several new buildings to it : he
built a large Hall, now called The Parliament Honse, in which several Parlia-
ments have been holden : he also erected The Chapel Royal, which he largely
endowed, and procured to be made Collegiate, for a dean, sub-dean, sacristan,
chanter, treasurer, chancellor, arch-dean, sixteen chaplains, and six singing-
boys, which, with the chaplains and a music-master, were appointed by the
King : The Queen's Confessor was the Dean, who had Epi,4copal Jurisdiction.
Tins Chapel was pulled down by James the Sixth, who, on its site, erected the
present Chapel, James the Fifth was crowned here, and here he resided during
his Minority, and received his education : he built the present Palace, a singular
Edifice, richly ornamented with grotesque figures ; and which contains many
large and elegant apartments : the ground floor has been converted into barracks
for the private Soldiers ; and the upper story supplies a house for the Governor,
and lodgings for the Officers. Opposite to the Palace, is a Chapel of hewn
stone, built by James the Sixth for the Baptism of Prince Henry, in 1594 ; and
which is now employed as a Store-room. A strong Battery was erected about
the year 1559, during the Regency of Mary o? Lorraine, called The French
Battery : In the reign of Queen Anne, the Castle was enlarged and repaired,
and a flanking Battery, named Queen Anne's Battery, with barracks and a Bomb
Proof, were erected on the South side : since that period, no alteration or
repairs of any consequence have been made. Adjoining to the North side of the
Castle, is an eminence containing a few acres, which, being fortified, makes a
part of the Castle : it is called TJie Nether Bailey, and here is the Well which
supplies the Garrison. On the South- West side of the Castle, is The Park,
inclosed by a stone wall ; this, with several other pieces of ground round the
Town, form a Jurisdiction, called Tlie Constabulary of the Castle. At the East
end of the Park, was a Royal garden ; and vestiges of the walks and parterres
are still visible. The Lordship, and Castle of Stirling, were the usual Dowry
of the Queens of Scotland, at least after the Accession of the Stewarts. It has
been the scene of many warlike exploits, having been repeatedly besieged, taken,
dismantled, and re-built by diiferent parties, during the wars between the
English and the Scotch, as well as in their Civil dissensions. In the winter of
1746, it sustained a memorable siege, when the gallant old officer. General
S T O
Br.AKENEY, baffled all the efforts of The Rebels to reduce this important fortress.
About 36 guns are mounted ou the ramparts : it is commanded by a Governor,
Deputy-Governor, Fort Major, and three Subalterns ; and it is one of the Scot-
tish Forts, which, by the Articles of The Union, are always to be kept in repair.
Mr. Grose has preserved a view of this Castle. — The Parish of Stirling is
chiefly confined to the Town : its whole extent not exceeding 200 acres. The
Castle, with the Constabvdary, are not reckoned in the Parish of Stirling ; nei-
ther are the Royal Domains or King's Park ; these being exempted from all
Parochial assessment, and are in the Parish only quoad sacra, and that only
since the Chaplain ceased to officiate, or to reside in the Castle. The Land-
ward part of the Parish lies between the Town and the Forth ; extending along
the South side of the river, from Killdean, about a mile above the bridge of Sthling,
to the East of the Town, with some Parks on the South of it. These lands are
rented, on an average, at 50s. per acre. The Shore of Stirling is within the
Jurisdiction of the Custom-house of Alloa,
STIRLING, SHIRE. This was formerly a part of the Shire of Lennox. Its
medium length is about 44 miles, and its breadth 16 miles ; containing 358,336
acres Scotch, the only land measure used in the Shire. The general appearance
is greatly diversified by rivers, mountains, woods, and vallies, which exhibit a
number of views extremely pleasing and picturesque. The soil, especially to-
wards the East, is rich and fertile ; but the moors are principally appropriated
to pasturage. Its Resident Population, in 1801, was 50,825, and, in 1811, was
58,174. It sends one Member to Parliament. Here are various remains of
Roman antiquities.
STOBHALL, v. CARGILL.
STOBHALL, v. HOB-KIRK.
STOBHILL, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Crichton. It
is 3j m. N. from Middleton. Here is a Colliery, whicli belongs to the Lord
Chief Baron Dundas.
STOBO, or STOB -HOW, in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a Rectory and
Vicarage, anciently called The Parsonage of Stobo : it appears from the original
rights of Lord Wigtown, once Patron of this Parish, that it was a Parsonage,
having four Churches belonging to it, which were called TIte Pendicles of Stobo,
viz , The Church of Dawick, Upper and Lower Drummelzier, Broughlon, and
Glen-Holm : Dawick is now annexed to Stobo and Drummelzier, and what was
called, in the oiigina! rights of Lord Wigtown, Upper Drummehier , is now
S T O
a distinct Parish, and is called Ttceeds-Muir Parish; the Stipend, in 1811, was
£49..8..10| Sterling, and 60 bolls of victual payable partly in raeal, and partly
in bear : besides which the Minister receives from Sir James Nasraylh 10 bolls
of meal, which are converted at the Mid-Lothian ^ars, being the rent of one
half of the glebe and Grass of Dawick, that was annexed to Stobo, in 1742 : the
manse is in good repair: the glebe consists of 21 English acres, which are all
inclosed, and subdivided with stone walls and quickset hedges ; the greatest
part of it having been inclosed by The Rev. Alexander Ker, at his own expense:
Patron, Sir James Montgomery, Bart. : The Church of Stobo is a Gothic build-
ing, and is said to be between four and five hundred years old. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Peebles, and Synod of Lothian anrf Tvveeddale. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, was 338, and, in 1811, was 422. It is 6 m. S. W.
from Peebles. This Parish is about 6 miles in length, and from three to four miles
in breadth. The greater part of the Parish is mountainous, and fit only for sheep
pasture ; the other part is arable, and capable of cultivation. Some of the Hills
are green to their summits ; but most of them are covered with heath. The soil
of the arable land is exceedingly various ; but a light fertile loam, upon a bed of
gravel, is the most prevalent. The situation is dry ; and the Climate is healthy.
It is intersected by the river Tweed. Here is a Common, called The Sheriff
Muir, so denominated from having been the place where the Tweeddale Militia
assembled, during the animosity that prevailed between the two Kingdoms : it
is a flat, uncultivated heath, with many monumental stones upon it, which pro-
bably point out the scene of some battle, that neither History nor Tradition have
handed down to us ; upon this heath, is a large round cavity, called Pinkie's hole.
Here are two Quarries of excellent slate, of a dark blue colour, with which
most of the Houses of The Neio Totvn of Edinburgh are covered. The Salary
of the School-master is 300 merks, besides School-fees, and perquisites,
and a comfortable house. The great inconvenience under which the inhabitants
of this Parish labour, is the scarcity of fuel. The High Road which runs through
this Parish, and which is commonly called Stobo Hedges, from its being bounded
on each side by a hedge for some miles, was completely made some years ago.
The roads that join it, on the West and East, have also been made of late years.
The Statute labour is commuted. There is no Turnpike in the Parish. There
are two Bridges over the Water oi Lyne, which is the boundaryou the East be-
tween this Parish, and those of Newlands, Lyne, and Peebles : one of them
was built by contribution within these few years ; the other, though an old
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Bridge, is very sufRcient, and renders an easy access between Stobo, and Peebles.
The Bridge which was hitely built over the Water of Lyne, was in consequence
of a road being made along the side of Lyne Water, that joins the Peebles road
upon the East, and ihe Kirk-Urd road upon the West : this road is in good repair,
and is of great advantage to travellers coming from the West country by the way
of Peebles. There is also a Bridge over Biggar Water, which is the boundary
on the West between Stobo and Glen-IIolin : this Bridge opens uj) a free com-
munication between Stobo, and the road leading to Moffat. Tl»e Mansion of
(Sto6o, is a seat of Sir James Montgomery, Bart., son of the late Lord Chief
Baron. New Posso is the residence of Sir James Nasmyth, Bart. See, Daivick.
STOBS, V. CAVERS.
STONEFIELD, v. KNAPDALE, NORTH.
STONEHAVEN, in the Shire of Kincardine ; and in the Parish of Dunottar.
It is 107i m. N. b. E. from Edinburgh. The Market is well supplied. A
General Post-Office is established here. This Town is situate at the confluence
of the river Carron with the German Ocean ; and is capable of being made an
excellent harbour, at a small expense. It consists of two considerable Streets,
built on feus granted by the Earls Marischal, within whose estate it was situate.
It is a Burgh of Barony, of which the Jurisdiction is nested, by Charter, in Magis-
trates who are chosen by the Superior and feuers. Of late, a spirit of trade has
manifested itself ; and the brown linen manufacture has been introduced. The
Resident Population, in 1792, was 1072. One of the principal supports of
the Town has been derived from the Sheriff Court of the County, which was
removed by Act of Parliament from Kincardine to this place, in 1600 : here also
is the County Gaol, and where the County Courts are holden. The public reve-
nue of Stonehaven consists chiefly of the shore dues, amounting annually to about
£45., in which there has been a very great increase of late years, from the quan-
tity o^ lime brought by sea, for the improvement of the lands in the neighbour-
hood : another source of revenue arises from four fairs in the year, and some small
patches of ground, which produce together about X'20. more. The Town is sup-
plied with excellent water, conveyed in leaden pipes, and the streets are well
paved. Coals are the general fuel. It is in the Latitude of 56'' 58' North, and the
Longitude of r 53' West.
STONE HOLSE, v. LARBERT, and CARRON.
STONEHOLSE, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark: formerly a
Rectory, the Stipend of which, befoi'e the late augmentation, was 97 bolls 7^
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pecks of oat-meal, and £16.. 12.. 6. in money : the manse was built in 1761 ; but
has had several repairs since, and very lately it received a thorough repair, and a
large addition : the glebe consists of 4 acres of arable land, and about one acre
of pasture : Patron, Mr. Lockhart, of Castk-Hill: The Church was rebuilt in
1772. It is in the Presbytery of Hamilton, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1259, and, in 1811, was
1655. It is 4f m. N. E. from Strath-Avon. This Parish contains about 6000
acres. The soil is fertile, being chiefly a light loam, intermixed with clay near
the rivers Kype and Avon. More than one-half of the Parish is the property of
Mr. Lockhart. Coals, lime-stone, and free-stone, are abundant. The princi-
pal manufacture is that of linen. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300
merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, and a School-house and
Dwelling. By the attention of Mr. Lockhart, o^ Castle- Hill, in the judicious
expenditure of the conversion money for Statute labour, the roads are getting
into excellent repair.
STONE-HOUSE, CASTLE, v. KIRK-PATRICK FLEEMING.
STONELAW, in the Under Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish of
Rutherglen. It is 3i m. from Glasgow. Here is an extensive Colliery, the pro-
perty of General John Spens.
STONY-HILL, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Inver-Esk.
It is \ m. S. W. from Musselburgh. The lands of Stony-Hill, which were
formerly possessed by a family of the name of Dobie, and afterwards by Sir
William Sharp, Son of the Archbishop of St. Andrew's, now belong to The
Earl of Wemyss. His Lordship has also the lands of Monkton-Hall, together
with the coal under the whole Lordship of Inver-Esk.
STONY KIRK, properly STEPHEN KIRK, in the District of The Rhyns,
and Shire of Wigtown: formerly a Prebend, with the ancient Parishes of Cla-
shank, and Toscarton united : the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £640. Scotch,
together with £'8.. 6. .8. for Communion elements, 60 bolls of meal, and 32 bolls
of bear, Linlithyow measure : the manse is in decent repair : the glebe consists
of more than the legal extent : Patrons, The Crown, and Mr. Macdowal, of
Garthland, by turns, the former for Clashank and Toscarton, and the latter for
Stony Kirk: The Church, which is in tolerable condition, is dedicated to St.
Stephen. It is in the Presbytery of Stranraer, and Synod of Galloway'. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the lands of ^jY/jt'e/ZJ
was 1848, and, in 1811, was 2364. It is 6 m. E. b. S. from Port Patrick. This
S T O
Parish contains about 17,000 acres of land ; of which, 700 lying alon^v the Bay
of Luce, are of a sandy soil, and hardly capable of improvement ; the remainder
is, in general, alight, and dry soil, and favonrable to an early harvest. Various
Services are still performed by the Tenants ; and indeed, Baillie work, as it is
termed, is common over the vv'hole Shire. There are four mills for dressing (lax,
and an extensive bleach-lield. The codilshcry in the Irish Channel is pursued
with various success through the whole season, but none is exported ; and
abundance of mackerel arc taken in the Bav o( Lnce. The Roads are in aood
repair. Here are two Parochial Schools, vvitli a Salary of 300 merks to each,
together with a few School-fees, and a house and garden. The climate is healthy.
There are three artificial Mounds, of a circular form ; one of which, near Bal-
grcgfjan House, is 460 feet in circumference at the base, 60 feet in height, and
has a curious excavation on its summit. On the Lands of Garthland, the
property of Mr. Macdowall, is a square Tower, 45 feet high, with the date of
1274 on its battlements, and which is said to have been formerly the residence of
the Tlianes of Galloway. The Bay of Float, on the Irish Channel, is so called,
from the circumstance of some vessels of the Spanish Flota having been wrecked
there ; and at Money Point, near it, many Dollars were afterwards found. At
Ardwell, is also a Bay on the Irish Sea ; and on the lands there, are some
remains of Druidical Temples, and Pictish Castles.
STORE, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of Assint. At the
Farm here, is a Burying-place.
STORMONT-FIELD, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Scone.
Here is an extensive Bleach-field. It was formerly called Colenhaugh, but took
its present name in honour of Viscount Stormont, Earl of Mansfield : The
District of Stormont, which lies on the Eastern bank of the river Tay, giving title
of Viscount to the Ancient and Noble family of Murray.
STORNOW A Y, in the Isle of Lewis, and Sliire of Ross : formerly a Vicar-
age, the Stipend of which, in 1811, including the allowances for the glebe, of 8
acres, and Communion elements, was £'91.. 13.. 4. : the manse, and glebe, are
situate at Tong ; Patron, The Crown : The Church is in excellent condition.
It is in the Presbytery of Lewis, and Synod of Glenelg. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, was 2974, and, in 1811, Was 3500.
This Parish is of great extent ; the inhabited parts stretching about 10 miles
North-East, along the North side of an arm of the sea, called The Broad Bay,
and along a neck of land, inhabited on each side, which extends about 7 miles,
VOL. II, 4 S
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being situate between the Soulh-East side of The Broad Bay, and the channel
that divides it from the Shire of Ross. Tlie Town of Stornoway is situate at the
extremity oi Loch Stornoicay; and which, from a small origin, has of late attain-
ed considerable size and opulence by the patriotic exertions of Lord Seaforth.
The harbour is excellent, and well frequented ; and the principal source of em-
ployment is the prosecution of the Fisheries. Here is a Custom-house, and a
Post-Office, and a regular Packet sails weekly with the mail and passengers to
Ullapool. There are two well frequented Schools in the Town, both of which
are provided w-ith able teachers, good accommodation, and good salaries : one
of them being Parocial, and the other supported by The Society for propagating
Christian Knowledge: Besides which, there is also a Spinning School, princi-
pally instituted by the humanity and liberal views of Lady Seaforth, who " has
now the satisfaction to find, that, by her kind interposition and benevolent exer-
tions to introduce and promote the spinning of yarn in this Island, many poor
girls have been rescued from habits of idleness and vice, and trained to industry
and virtue." The climate is extremely moist and rainy, but not unhealthy.
Agriculture is now much improved. Seaforth Lodge is delightfully situate, and
is the occasional residence of the Ancient and Illustrious family of Mackenzie,
Lord Seaforth, Baron Mackenzie of Kintail, and Lord Lieutenant of the
Shire of Ross, — a Nobleman " universally known for benevolence and a Pub-
lic spirit." — ^The Lodge is in the Latitude of 58^ 13' 5" North, and the Longitude
of 6* 18' 7" West from The Royal Observatory at Greenwich. See, Leuis, and
Inverness.
STOTFIELD, in the Shire of Elgin ; and in the Parish of Drainy. It is
7^ m. N. from Elgin. It is situate on the Moray Firth, and employed three
Fishing-boats, which, on the 25th of December 1806, were unfortunately lost,
together with 21 Seamen. In the Coidard Hill, which projects into the Firth,
there are appearances of lead ; but no sufficient vein of ore, to encourage the
expense of working it, has yet been discovered.
STOUR HOLM, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the
Parish of North-Maven. It is uninhabited.
STOVE, HOUSE, v. SAND AY, ISLAND.
STOW, anciently WED ALE, i. e. The Vale of Woe, partly in the Shire of
Edinburgh, and partly in the Shire of Selkirk : formerly a Mensal Church be-
longing to the Bishops of St. Andrew's, who appointed a Vicar for the perform-
ance of the duty ; the Stipend of which, in 181 1, was cC840. Scotch, two chalders
S T R
of meal, and one chaldcr of bear ; llic niansc was built, in 1782 ; the glebe was
originally about 5 acres, but on the inclosure of Stow Common, in 1756, 19 acres
were allotted to the Minister : Patron, The Crown : The Church, wliich is dedi-
cated to Tlie Virgin Mary, is in tolerable repair : it had very early the Privilege
o{ Sanctuary, and Tlte Black Priest of Wedale was one of the three persons,
who enjoyed the Privilege of the Law of Clan Macduff. It is in the Presbytery
of Lauder, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident Population of
this Parish was,
In 1801. In 1811.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Edinburgh. - 1 100. 1 IGO.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Selkirk. - 276. 293.
• . 1376. 1453.
It is -J m. N. E. from Stage-Hall. This Parish is about 15 miles in length, and
on an average 5 miles in breadlh, containing 37,500 acres ; of which, 3700 are
under cultivation : the surface is hilly, and intersected by numerous streams,
which fall into the Gala, and the Ttceed: the whole district is well adapted for
the pasturage of sheep, of which there are computed to be upwards of 21,000
kept here. The Roads are tolerably good. The Climate is healthy. The Bishops
of St. Andrews had a i?erir,cipal Pro-
prietors : this is tlje raising of flax, of an excellent quality, for the drossinff of
which he has erected a proper mill ; to this improvement he has added a Tannery
on the Loch of Stennis, and a Breicery at no great distance ; all of which are
entire novelties in this country. Stromness, which is in their immediate vicinity,
will, it is likely, prove of great consequence to these improvements : This Village,
which, at the beginning of the last Century, consisted of a few irregular Huts,
set down as whim or convenience directed, by the side of the Harbour, has of late
risen so rapidly into consequence, that the cause deserves to be explained. By
means of several Acts of Parliament, enacted when the principles of Commerce
were but little attended to, and as little understood, the Royal Burghs had
assumed the right of faxing the Hamlets and Villages that were in their neigh-
bourhood, in an arbitrary proportion of the burdens which they themselves
were bound in law to sustain. Stromness suffered, or at least thought so, from
the exercise of this right, which was claimed by the neighbouring Burgh ; and,
therefore, long murmured under a burden which v/as represented as dispropor-
tioned to her trade and her ability ; and, at length, after repeated remonstrances,
refused to bear it any longer. The method of compulsion was instantly adopted
by a reference of the point in question to the Supreme Court, in 1754, who pro-
nounced this judgement : " That there was no sufficient right in the Borough of
Kirkioall, to assess the Village of Stromness ; but, that the said Village should be
quit thereof, andfree therefrom, in all time coming." This sentence, which has
evei'y appearance of being founded in justice no less than in law, was, in the spirit
of litigation, appealed from, but happily confirmed in The House of Lords, on the
16th of January 1758. Thus an insignificant Village, in the remote regions of
the North, was, at that period, sufficiently enlightened to know its own rights,
and had spirit enough to reclaim them : while others of great consequence
tamely submitted to the yoke, till, emancipated by this memorable decision, they
reaped the fruit of her spirited exertions. From that lime, Stromueis dates the
S T R
epoch of her consequence. The inhabitants are Tradesmen, Shopkeepers, Sai-
lors, Shipmasters, Pilots, and small proprietors of lands, who are in o-eneral an
industrious and enterprising people ; and, in point of comfortable living, social
spirit, and hospitality to strangers, are not inferior to those of the same rank, in
any similar situation, throughout Scotland. The Harbour of Stroraness has
long been a place of great resort for shipping; for, nearly three hundred years
ago. Ships of different nations, and particularly French and Spanish, in great
numbers, occasionally put in there, allured by the excellence of the accommoda-
tion. ThroHgh the whole of the North, there are few Harbours that can com-
pare with it, either in point of safety or commodiousness. The entrance to it is
from the South, by a narrow passage of a quarter of a mile ; it expands to
double that dimension as it advances up through the Mainland, for more than
a mile ; it has a firm clay bottom, and a depth of v>'ater sufficient for ves-
sels of a Thousand tons burden, and is sheltered from the violence of the
Winds in all directions. Two Holms guard it from the East, beyond which
there is also, as it were, a portion of the same Harbour ; in which, Ships of still
greater burden commonly ride, on account both of its easier access, and superior
depth of water. Excellent, however, as this Harbour is allowed to be, the ships
that touch here in the space of one year, do not on an average exceed three
hundred and twenty; whereas formerly they certainly doubled, or even perhaps
tripled that number. To account for this decrease, it may be observed, that the
Pentland Firth, which is the most direct passage for the trade in this quarter,
has been, by a Nautical survey, the erection of a Light-House, and the experi-
ence of Mariners, divested of almost all its dangers; and, in case of contrary
winds, the noble Harbour of The Long Hope is near and easy of access ; so that
Vessels now generally prefer the direct course through the Firth, to the more cir-
cuitous one by Stromness. The air is often raw and damp, but not unhealthy.
The tenants of the residing Heritors usually assist, for two days, in carrying home
upon their horses, the peats of the Proprietors ; and this is almost the only ser-
vice required of them. Here is a Grammar School : and the Society for propa-
gating Christian Knowledge give yearly to a Schoolmaster £'8., and £*3. yearly
to a School-mistress, both of them in the village of Stromness ; the School fees
are very moderate : there are also four Schools, where the masters teach read-
ing, writing, and arithmetic ; and three Schools, in which the Mistresses teach
reading, knitting stockings, and sewing. Here is a Slate-quarry, and there
Jire appearances of lead, and iron-ore. Few of those ancient ruins, that arc
S T R
known by the name of Fiefs' Houses, are to be met with in this District, though
tiirauli or barrows are numerous. Stromness is the Seat of the Presbytery of
Cairston. The House built by The Reverend George Graham, the last Bishop
of Orkney, and in which he resided some part of the year, is still standing ; and
the Episcopal Arms, and the date of its erection, 1033, ai'e cut in free-stone
above the door. A Market for Cattle is holden here. Great numbers of young
Men go from hence into the Service of The IIuoson's Bay Company : and Ves-
sels from Newcastle, Whitby, and Hull, on the whale-fishery, for Davis Straits,
and Greenland, usually stop some days at the harbour of Stromness, on their
outward passage, to engage mariners. Stromness is in the Latitude ol'58° 56' 0"
North, and in the Longitude of 3' 31' 20" West from Greenwich. There is a
kind of road between Kirkwall and Stromness ; but, to render it passable during
winter, three or four single-arch bridges, over as many rivulets, together with
one large bridge, over the outlet of the Lake of Stennis, would be necessary. A
very few hundred pounds, however, judiciously expended, would greatly im-
prove the communication between the Capital of Orkney, and this its principal
Sea- port. See, Sanduick.
STRONFERNAN, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Kenmore.
It is a small village, pleasantly situate on the Northern bank of Loch Tay, at
the distance of 10 m. S. W. from Aberfeldy.
STRONSAY, ISLAND, one of the Orkneys ; formerly a Vicarage, united
to the ancient Vicarage of Eday ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £48.. 1.. 9.
in money, together with the glebes, manse, and some Vicarage tythes that are
paid in kind ; there is no fund for Communion elements, as the Stipend was
never modified by the Court of Teinds : Patron, Lord Dundas : About the time
of the Reformation, there were three Parish Kirks in the Island of Stronsay, one
of them being dedicated to The Virgin Mary, another to St. Peter, and the third
to St. Nicholas. It is in the Presbytery of North Isles, and Synod of Orkney.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 924, and, in 1811, was 864.
This is a pretty large Island, rather flat, and situate to the North-East of Sha-
pinsay ; from which it is divided by a rapid Firth of the same name, six miles
wide, and on that quarter bounds the group of the Orkney Islands. This Island
is not only curiously indented, but almost cut into three distinct Isles, which
were formerly so many distinct Parishes ; and this intersection has probably
given rise to its name, The Isle of Strands or Stronsay. Its dimen. t-jus are,
seven miles long, and four miles broad ; through which are exhibited much
VOL. u. 4 X
S T R
variety of soil, and elevation, and, while it equals several of the other Islands
in the production of the fruits of the earth, it enjoys one advantage over them, in
its very convenient situation for an extensive and lucrative Fishery : this advan-
tage is, however, much neglected at present : but, if it ever be again revived,
the two fine Harbours of which this Island can boast, may contribute much to its
prosperity : Linga Sound is one of these, which lies on the West side ; and
Papay Sound, on the North-East, is the other ; and both of them are, on the
proper anchoring ground, secure places for shipping. Toward the East Coast,
among the rocks, are three Mineral springs almost close together, differing in
strength, though of the same nature, chalybeates ; and such confidence do the
people place in these Springs, (which go under the general name of The Well
ofKildinguie), and at the same time in that particular sea-weed named Dw^se
(the coxaxaonfucus palmatus), produced in Guiodin (perhaps the Bay of Odin),
as to have occasioned the Proverb, " That theWell ofKildinguie, and tlie Dulse
of Guiodin, can cure all maladies, except Black Death." The two most remark-
able Promontories, are Borrotvhead, on the South East, and Rothesholm Head,
on the South West; these are sheep walks; the latter of which, being of great
extent, comprehends the whole peat-moss in the Island of Stronsay ; and from
whence the Inhabitants have, from time immemorial, been in use to cast peats
or turf for fuel, on paying a small acknowledgement in money or services, to the
tenant or possessor of the Farm of Rothesholm. Here are three sandy Bays, the
one on the East, being called Mill Bay ; that on the South, the Bay o( Holland;
and the third on the West, the Bay oi Erigarth or West Wick; but they do not
afford safe anchorage, on account of the skerries or low sunken rocks with which
they are interspersed ; these rocks, however, are the chief source of emolument
to the Inhabitants, from the immense quantity of tang or sea-weed, which
they produce, for the making of kelj) : and of which this Island on an average
produces no less than 300 tons per annum. To the enterprising spirit of
the late James Fea, of Whitehall, the manufacture of this valuable Com-
modity was Jirst introduced into this Island, in the year 1722 ; and whose
name for such an important benefit, must ever be remembered with honour
and gratitude. Lord Dundas has the Superiorities of all the lands in this
District; besides whom, there are six large, and seven smaller Proprietors.
Here are the remains of four Chapels, one of which is called St. Margaret's
Kirk. The situation of this District, surrounded as it is by the sea, and at a
moderate elevation above the level of it, is thus rendered wholesome and
S T R
agreeable, particularly during the summer months, when the seasons are di^,
and warm; but, as it is exposed to heavy rains and thick weather in winter,
willi gales of wind in Spring, and Autumn, those who cannot easily put up with
retirement, and to be confined within narrow bounds, for seven or eight months,
must not fix their abode in Stronsay. Some of the On-call Work, or undefined
(S'en;*ces of ancient times, are still exacted.- And many of the common people
are yet so credulous, as to believe in the existence of Fairies. This Parish com-
prehends the Isle of Auskerry, Home of Huip, Liltle Linga, Mukle Linga, and
Papa Stronsay. Upon the Hill-grounds, are vast flocks of golden plovers, which
upon being put upon the wing, really seem to darken the air. The Brough is a
large isolated mass of rock, which appears to have been disjoined from the
Island by some violent convulsion ; it is directly exposed to all the fury of the
Germau Ocean, which is terribly agitated by East winds. There are many
caverns here, into which a boat may enter in calm weather, and are the habita-
tion of seals : and upon all the ledges of the rocks, during the season of incuba-
tion, are prodigious numbers of sea-fowls. Airie is the seat of the Misses Fea,
one of the oldest surnames in Orkney. The name of Traill is also very common
here, and is very ancient : the Traills are said to be descended from a younger
son of the Traills, o( Blebo, in Fife, who had migrated Northward: Traill, of
Papa TVestray, is the most ancient of the name in Orkney. The rocks are en-
tirely composed of sandstone, and sandstone flag ; which latter sometimes passes
to shistose clay.
STRONTI AN, in the District, and Shire of Argyle ; and in the Parish of Ard-
namiu'chan. It is 140 m. W. N. W. from Edinburo^h. This is a small Villaoe
situate in the District of Sunart, and erected for the accommodation of the Miners.
It has lately become famous, for having given to the world a new mineral, which
is distinguished by the name of Strontites ; the chymical properties whereof are
ably described by Dr. Kirwan, in the Transactions of The Royal Irish Aca-
demy ; and by Thomas Charles Hope, M. D. in vol. 4. p. 2. page 3. of the Trans-
actions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is estab-
lished here ; and an excellent line of road has been made, under the auspices
of The Parliamentary Commissioners.
STROWAN, i. e. STREAMS, in the Shire of Perth: an ancient Parish,
nowr united to the Parish of Blair-Alhol. It is situate near the confluence of the
rivers Garrie, and Erochty ; which streams seem to have given name to the
Parish, and to Robertson, of Slrotcan, his title. See, Blair-Athol.
STROWAN, in the Shire of Perth : an ancient Parish, now comprehended
4X2
. S U T
in the Parish of Monivaird : St. Ronan is tlie Tutelary Saint. It is 3 m. W. from
Crieff. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 392, and, in 1811,
was 410.
STRUTHERS, v. CERES.
SUCCOTH, in the Shire of Dumbarton : and in the Parish of Old Kill-
Patrick. This is the Seat of The Right Honourable Ilay Campbell, Lord
President.
SUDDY, in the Shire of Ross : an ancient Parish, now united to the Parish
of Killmuir Wester, under the general name of Knockbain. See, Knockbain.
SUGGEDEN, in the Shire o Perth. It is situate upon the river Tay :
According to Keith, Brother William, Master of the House of St. Augustine
of Suggeden, swore fealty to King Edward the First in 1296.
SULISKER, ROCK, v. RONA, ISLAND.
SUMBURGHHEAD, v. DUNROSS-NESS.
SUMMERDALE, v. FIRTH.
SUMMER ISLANDS, off the Coast of Cromarty ; and constituting part of
the Parish of Loch Broom. They are situate at the entrance oi Loch Broom,
and are favourably situate for fishing stations. They lie to the Northward of
Ullapool. These are a considerable number of small Isles, with a most dreary
appearance, and, according to Mr. Pennant, "are miscalled The Summer
Islands." See, Cromarty.
SUN ART, in the District, and Shire of Argyle ; and in the Parish of Ard-
namurchan. This District stretches along the Northern coast of that arm of the
sea, called Loch Simart, which is navigable ; and which extends about 20 miles
in length, and from 1|- to 2 miles in breadth. An excellent road has been made
through this district, under the auspices of TheParliamentary Com.missioners.
See, Ardnamvrchan,
SUTHERLAND, SHIRE. This is one of the most Northern Shires of
Scotland, and contains about 1,478,400 English acres. It is exceedingly rug-
ged and mountainous. It comprehends the three great Districts of Strath-Naver,
Assint, and Sutherland : the former of which was anciently a County of itself.
The Lordship of Sutherland is unquestionably one of the most extensive and
most populous Estates, belonging to one Proprietor, in the Island of Great Bri-
tain : it is supposed to contain nearly two-thirds of the valued rent of the Shire,
and to be 739,200 English acres in extent. The Estate of Reay is also
very large, and is calculated to be about 30 miles in length, and from 15
to 20 miles in breadth : the greater part of it, however, is very rugged, par-
S W I
ticularly a vast tract of wild country, known under tlie name oT Lord Reay's
Forest ; which is numerously slocked with red deer. Along the coast are several
commodious harbours, and fishing stations. It is principally appropriated to
the pastuarage of black cattle, and sheep. The Resident Population of this
Shire, in 1801, was 23,117, and, in 1811, was 23,629. Sutherland gives the
title of Countess to Elizabeth Sutherland Gower, Countess of Sutherland,
and Baroness of Strathnaver : Her Ladyship having succeeded her Father,
William, the late Earl, on the 16lh of June 1766; and was married, on the
4th of September 1785, to The Most Noble George, Marquis of Stafford.
According to the traditional account of some Scottish writers, this great Family
in the Peerage is older than any in North Britain, if not in all Europe ; for, in
the reign of Corbred the Second, A. D., 76, a Colony, called Catti, coming
from Germany to Scotland, there divided themselves into two parts ; from those
in the North, the country was called Caithness, and from those in the South,
Sutherland ; and were Thanes thereof before the title of Earl was used in the
Kingdom. It has been an Earldom in the Sutherland Family ever since the
year 1057 : and Her Ladyship is Premier Countess of Scotland. It sends one
Member to Parliament; and it is singular, that there are no Freeholders of the
Shire, as all the voters and proprietors hold of the Family of Sutherland ; but,
by a special Act of Parliament, every Heritor who is possessed of property to
the extent of £200. (ScoZc/t of valued rent is entitled to vote at elections, and
vv'hich is a much better qualification than mere Superiority. See, Dornoch, and
Inverness.
SUURSAY, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness :
it constitutes part of the Parish of Harris, and is situate in the Sound. It is un-
inhabited.
SWANAY, V. BIRSA.
SWANAY, ISLE, one of the Orkneys ; and constituting part of the South
Parish, South Ronaldsay : from whence it is separated by a branch of the Pent-
land Firth, through which Ships of any burden may pass with safety. This
Island is about a mile long, and half a mile broad: it is barren and inhospitable,
and exposed on all side to the utmost rage of the Pentland Firth ; it is very thinly
inhabited, and chiefly so by Pilots.
SW ARE-HOUSE, v. FALA-HILL.
SWEET HEART, ABBEY, v. NEW ABBEY.
SWINE HOLM, one of the Orkneys ; and constituting part of the Parish of
S W I
Rendal. It is situate to the North- East of the Isle of Gairsa, and is unin-
habited,
SWINSIDE, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the
Parish of Oxnam. This is a small Village, situate near the river Oxnam,
and at the distance of 6 miles S.E. from Jedburgh.
SWINTON, in the Shire of Berwick : formerly a Vicarage, united to the
Chapel of Simpi'in, on the 24th of September, 1761 : the Stipend of which, in
1811, consisted of 100 bolls of oats, LinlUhgow measure, 106 bolls of barley,
£12.. 12.. 8. Vicarage teinds, a manse (built in 1771), a garden, and two glebes,
together with the servitudes of two horses and two cows : — of the victual Sti-
pend, 56 bolls are paid out of Paxton, in the Parish of Hutton ; a chalder of
barley is paid out of the lands oi Eyemouth; and JE26..5..0. of Vicarage out of the
lands of the ancient Parish o{ Horndean, which is now comprehended in the Parish
ofLady-Kirk : these irregularities probably arose from thedependanceofthis Par-
ish on the Abbey of Coldingham ; the Abbot drawing the best victual out of this
district and paying his dependent Clergy from places where the grain was worse ia
quality: — Patron, The Crown : The Church was built in 1729, to which a very
handsome Aisle on the North side of it was added, in 1782. It is in the Presby-
tery of Chirnside^ and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident Popu-
lation of the United Parishes, in 1801, (comprising the Estates of John Swinton,
Esq., o? Stcinfon, of Miss Ker, of Swinton Hill, of Captain Halket, o( Stcinton
Mill, and of Patrick Murray, Esq., of Simprin) was 875, and, in 1811, was 866.
It is 5 m. N. from Coldstream. The United Parish is about 4 miles in length,
and from three to three miles and a quarter in breadth : the general appearance
is neither uniformly flat, nor is it mountainous or rocky ; it exhibits a set of
gentle elevations, stretching; from East to West with alternate vallies between
them : the soil is in general, deep, and for the most part fertile, and to a high
degree productive of grass : some of the plains are marshy, but the greater part
is arable, and under culture. The climate is often moist, and foggy, and the
ague sometimes prevails with great virulence here; The Roads are bad. All
the Coals are brought from Northumberland, a distance of eight miles, and
across the Tweed at a ford precarious, and often fatal by the rashness of the
men, and the sudden rise of the river. The only stream of importance is the
Leet, the banks of which are very low, and much exposed to inundations. Here
is abundance of excellent free-stone ; particularly one Quarry in the Farm of
Swinton Quarter, on which the Family of Swinton retained n servitude when they
S Y M
sold the land. Tlie Fairs are holden at Swinton, on the third Thursday in June,
and the fourth Tuesday in OcLober, Poor's Rates are established liere. The
greatest curiosity in !he Parish of Swinton, is the antiquity of the Family of
Swinton. This Family is said to have received the first grant of these lands, as
a reward for clearing the district of Stvine, which at that time, are said to have
much infested it. This fact seems not to rest merely on tradition ; for the name,
the bearings of the arms, and other circumstances, appear to corroborate the
opinion. The Swintons afterwards made a conspicuous figure in the reign of
Malcolm Canmore, who confirmed to them the property of the whole Parisli,
by one of the first Charters granted in Scotland, and still preserved in the
archives of the Church of Durham. During the Commonwealth, the then Repre-
sentative of the Swinton Family having espoused the cause of Cromwell, the
estate was forfeited at the Restoration of Charles the Second, but it was given
back at the Revolution. However, a long exile, while their Revenues were
sequestrated, had so involved the family, that it became necessary to sell the
three Farms o? 3Iont Siiir, which were bought by the Kers, oi Blorriston, who
still possess them. And some years afterwards, the Father of the late Lord
Swinton sold three more Farms to Provost Coutts, whose heirs sold them about
the year 1754 to William Hall, of Whitehall ; and who, after many meliora-
tions at a great expense, sold them to Patrick Lord Elibank, for more than
double his purchase money. Yet, notwithstanding all these alienations, the
Sicmton estate is still a noble and extensive property. And, it appears, that
Twenty Two Barons, including the late Proprietor, occupied the estate during
a period of 731 years ; the average of which is upwards of 33 years to each pro-
prietor ; and this is the more remarkable, when we recollect the turbulent spirit
of Aristocracy, and the vicinity of England, which gave rise to such frequent
feudal broils and border wars, during that long period.
SWINZEE, CASTLE, v. LATHERON.
SYMINGTON, or SYMONTON, in the District of Kyle, and Shire of Ayr :
formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 106 bolls and 2 firlots
of meal, 13| bolls of bear, £35. in money, and £8.. 6.. 8. for Communion
elemeirts : the njanse is in tolerable repair : the glebe consists of 4 acres :
Patron, The Earl of Eglintoun : The Church is old, dark, and too small. It is
in the Presbytery of Ayr, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, was 668, and, in 1811, was 656. It is 4^ m.
S. b. W. from Killmaruock. This Parish contains about 2100 acres; of which,
T A I
upwards of one-half are cultivatecl, and the remainder are appropriated to pasta-
rage. The surface is very agreeably diversified ; and the soil is in general a
clay, or a rich black loam, on a bottom of freestone. The air is dry, and salu-
brious. The great road from Port Patrick, to Glasgow and Edinburgh, passes
through the Village. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch,
together with School-fees and perquisites, and a good house and garden. Coals,
and lime-stone, are in abundance. Many of the tenants are astricted to a heavy
thirlage, an impolitic species of vassalage which is loudly complained of. On
the South- West borders of the Parish, is the House of Rosemoimt, the elegant
Seat of William Fullarton, Esq.
SYMINGTON, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : formerly a Vicar-
age, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 53 bolls 1 firlot 3 pecks of meal, 6 bolls
3 firlots Sy lippies of bear, 1 boll 3 pecks and f lippie of oats, £31.. 12.. 9. Ster-
ling, £'8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, and £58.. 9.. 9. by Parliamentary aug-
mentation : the manse was re-built in 1790 : the glebe consists of the legal
extent: Patron, Mr. Lockhart, o{ Lee ': The Church is in decent repair. It is
in the Presbytery of Biggar, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 308, and, in 1811, was 364. It is
3f ra. S. W. from Biggar. This Parish is about 3 miles in length, and nearly
the same in breadth. The surface is in general level, sloping from the base of
the hill of Tinio to the Clyde : and the greater part is inclosed, and well culti-
vated. Near the village, is an eminence, called The Castle Hill, which appears
to have been strongly fortified, and is now planted with various kinds of trees.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch, with a house and
garden.
T.
J AIN, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, locally situate in the
Shire of Ross: formerly a Collegiate Church, founded by Thomas, Bishop of
Ross, in 1481, for a Provost, eleven Prebendaries, and three Singing-Boys : the
Stipend of which, in 181 1, was 120 bolls of victual, one-half payable in barley,
and the other half in oat-meal, together with £4..15..0. Sferling, and a glebe,,
and garden : the manse was built iu 1720 : Patron, The Crown : The Church,
T A M
wliich is (Icdicatcd to St. Didluir, is in o-ood repair: and Divine Service is per-
formed ill hutli llic Enf/lish, and Gtmlic languages. Il is in the Presbytery of
Tain, and Synod of Ross. The Resident l\»pnhilion of this Town, and Parish,
in 1801, was 2277, and, in 1811, was 2384. It is 201 in. N. b. W. from Edin-
bvirgli. The Market is well supplied. The Fairs are holden on the first Tuesday
after the first of January, the third Tuesday in March, the second Wednesday in
July, the third Wednesday in August, the third Tuesday in October, llie 22dof
November, and the Tuesday before Christmas. It is the C'apital of the Shire ;
and is one of the (^ontributary Royal Boroughs with Dingwall, in sending one
Member to Parliament. The Town has lately received a considerable increase
towards the East, where several acres have been feued for liuilding, on the estate
of Mr. Macleod, of Geanies. This Parish is about 8 miles in length, and 2 miles
in breadth, stretching along the Southern shore of the Firth of Dornoch, which
is sometimes called the Firth of Tain. The surface is in general fiat, except
towards the West, where it rises into small hills. The soil is various, but
tolerably fertile. The coast is flat, and sandy. The Parochial School is very
ably conducted, and is in a flourishing condition: Besides which, there is a
Society's School in the Eastern district. The roads, and bridges, are in good
repair. The only manufactures carried on here, are the spinning of flax, and the
tanning of leather. Fuel is moderate. Mr. Macleod, of CadhoU, is the prin-
cipal Proprietor. The chief Mansions arc, AnkerviUe, the seat of David Ross, Esq.,
one of the Senators of The Court of Session, by the title of Lord Ankerville,-^
and, Little Tarrel, the seat of Mr. Bailme. Captain Richard Franks, an honest
Cavalier, who, during the Usurpation made an angling peregrination from the
banks of the Trent to John o'Groafs House, calls Tain, " as exemplary as any
place for Justice, that never uses gif)bct or halter to hang a man, but sacks all
their malefactors, so snums them to tlieir graves."
tait's cross, v. kershope.
TAIXALORUM PROMONTORIUM, of Ptolomey, this is the Eastern
Promontory of the /Estuarium Vararis, or Moray Firth, and is now called
Kinnaird's Head.
TALISCAR, or TALISKER, v. BRACADALE. This is the Residence of
Colonel Macleod.
TAMCH-LAGGAN, v. KIRK MICHAEL.
TAMMTOUL, v. TOMINTOUL.
TAMTALLON, CASTLE, v. BERWICK, NORTH.
VOL. II. 4 Y
TAN
TANERA, ISLE, off the Coast of Croaiarty; and constituting part of the
Parish of Loch Broom. It is situate in Loch Broom, and is a fishing station
belonging to Mr. Macdonald. It is 14 m. N. N. W. from Ullapool. Here are
two Isles, called Tanera Beg, and Tnnera More, which are part of The Summer
Islands.
TANNADICE, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Rectory belonging to the
See of St. Andrew's : the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 6 chalders of victual,
£50. Sterling, and 100 merks for Communion elements : the manse is a comfort-
able house, and in excellent repair, and the offices were re-built in 1812: the
glebe consists of 8 acres, and a large garden : Patron, St. Mary's College, in
The University of St. Andrew's : The Church is in bad condition. It is in the
Presbytery of Forfar, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Parish, in 1801, was 1373, and, in 1811, was 1510. It is 5\ m. N.
from Forfar. This Parish is 12 miles in length, and from 4 to 10 miles in
breadth: part of it is hilly, and mountainous, and is appropriated to the pas-
turage of large flocks of sheep ; and the banks of the rivers South Esk, and
Noran, with which it is watered, and which abound v,'ith salmon and trout, pre-
sent a variety of romantic scenery. The arable soil is, in general, a soft loam,
and is very productive, and well cultivated. The air is dry, and cold, but not
unhealthy. Here is abundance of red free-stone, and granite ; and in the Glen
of Ogil, is a Quarry of blue slate, now relinquished. Peats, and turf, are the
fuel used in the higher parts of the Parish, and which are in plenty ; but, in the
lower parts, furze and broom, and coals, which are brought from the distance of
20 miles. The roads are in good repair. Tannadice House is the beautiful resi-
dence of Charles Ogilvie, Esq., by whom it was lauilt, and is surrounded with
extensive Plantations: and, especially, the fine House oi Dotcnie Park, the noble
Seat of William Rattray, Esq., by whom it was erected : Both of these Gen-
tlemen acquired their fortunes in the Service of The East India Company, the
former of them in the Medical, and the latter in the Military department. The
Glen of Quiech was long the properly, and residence of the Lindsays, a branch
of the Crawfurd Family : the last male of whom was, within these Twenty-five
years. Episcopal Minister in the City of St. Andrew's, The residence of these
ancient Lindsays was, many years ago, taken down, and a tolerably good house
built upon its site, as a Shooting-box, by Lindsay Carnegie, o^ Kinblethmont,
who had purchased the property, and considered himself of the same Family
with its former occupants ; in right of which, he claimed the Peerage oiSpynie,
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that had been conferred upon one of the Crawturd family. Mr. Lindsay sold
this estate, several years ago, and it has since been purchased by Dr. Maclagan.
The Lindsays, of Glen Quiech, were once proprietors of the Farm oi Barnyards,
which, together with oilier property, were some years ago purchased from
James CARNFxaE Arbuthnot, oiBalnamoon, by the present Proprietor Charles
Qgilvie, Esq., of Tannadice. The old Castle of Barnyards is completely obli-
terated. East Achlouchrie, the romantic residence of John Ogilvie, Esq., of
Insh-Evan, is surrounded witli extensive pleasure grounds, and a well cultivated
garden : near which is a small conical mount, called Tlie Castle Hill, washed
on the South by the Esk, and on the Norlli is a deep trench, apparently dug witli
the intention of diverting a part of the water of the river into that channel, and
thereby of insulating it. Near the bridge of Sheal-Hill, are the few remains of
the Castle of Quiech : the name Quiech, as applied both to this place and the
Glen in this Parish, is descriptive of their appearance, being, to a lively imagi-
nation, that of a small cap or quiech, called coiech in Gaelic : According to tra-
dition, Quiech was founded by the Cumyns, and was the first place in the Parish
dedicated to the Public celebration of the ordinances of Christianity: but, be
this as it may, it can with certainty be affirmed, to have been in later times the
residence of The Earls of Buchan : but its vestiges are rapidly disappearing, and
the little that remains of it will soon be removed by Colonel Rattray, the pre-
sent Proprietor. There are numerous towering eminences, especially the Moun-
tain, called St. Arnold's Seat, upon which is a large cairn, and from whence the
prospect is particularly beautiful and extensive. The Estate of Cotd is the
property of Mr. Ogilvie, of Isla-Bank.
TARANSAY, ISLxlND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness :
it constitutes part of the Parish of Harris. This is a high, rocky Island, about
four miles long, and one mile broad, lying in a Western direction from the
mouth of West Loch Tarbert.
TARBAT, partly in the Shire of Cromarty, and partly in the Shire of Ross :
formerly a Rectory and Mensal Church, belonging to The Bishop of Ross : the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 9 chalders of victual, payable equally in bear,
and oat-meal, and 300 merks Scotch in money : the manse was built in 1707 :
the glebe consists of 4 acres : Patron, The Honourable Mrs. Mackenzie : The
Church was built in 1756. It is in the Presbytery of Tain, stnd Synod of Ross,
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1343, and, in 1811, was
1379. It is 10 m. E. b. N. from Tain. This Parish contains 5081 acres ; of
4Y2
TAR
which, 2998 are arable, and are abundantly fertile, and well cultivated. It is a
Peninsula, projecting between the Firths of Z)o?"hoc/(, and Moray : and, after
passing Tarhat Ness, the sea turns into the land, and forms a capacious Bay, at
the South- East corner of which lies the harbour of Port-Ma/iolmack: but the
Pier is in ruins. The coast abounds with a variety of excellent fish, especially
lobsters. At the Northern extremity is a Creek, called Castle- Haven, from the
ruins of an ancient Caslle near it, and from which the Jlrst Earl of Cromarty
assumed one of his titles of Nobility. The climate is salubrious. Fuel is expen-
sive. The Salary of the Parocliial School is 300 merks, and perquisites, and a
convenient house. The Gaelic is the prevailing language. Here are inexhaus-
tible quarries of free-stone, of a durable quality, and beautiful colour. It has
erroneously been supposed, that there was a Roman Station here. This Parish
originally belonged to the Shire ofiRoss ; but, in the year 1693, Cromarty hav-
ing been erected into a separate Jurisdiction, and the property of The Earl of
Cromarty in different Parishes being transferred to the newly established County
the Barony of Tarbat, as a part of his estate, was included in that arrangement ;
and the Parish is now almost equally divided between the Shires of Ross, and
Cromarty. The Lands of the Parish hold of The Crown. The district to the
East of Port- 3Ja]iolmack was of old called, The Forest of the Earl of Ross, and
continues to pay £40. Scotch of Crown rent. Geanies is the seat of the very re-
spectable Family of Macleod.
TARBERT, in the District of Cantyre, and Shire of Argyle ; and in the
Parish of Killcalmonell. It is 140 m. W.b. S. from Edinburo^h. A General
Post-Office is established here, with three Post days in the week. The Castle,
which is now in ruins, appears to have been of great strength. The Lochs of
East and West Tarbert are two arms of the sea, which, by approximation,
peninsulale the district of Cantyre. A Missionary is established here by the
Society for propagating Christian Knowledge, for the Parishes of Killcalmonell,
and South Knapdale. By a Memorial presented to The Parliamentary Com-
missioners, in the month of January 1809, on behalf of John Campbell, Esq., of
Slonejield, it appears, " That the Village of Tarbert in Loch Fine in the Shire
of Argyle, was one of the most considerable places in the West Highlands. It
has peculiar natural advantages from local situation, and a safe and good har-
bour. It is a Buygh of Regality, and was formerly, when the County of Argyle
formed two Shires, the Chief Town of the Shire of Tarbert. In East Tarbert
tliere is a public Ferry to Cowal and to Clyde, and Packets and Vessels ply
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weekly there to transport the Iiihabitanls of the Burrniinclinrr bounty, and of
Islay, Jura, Collon.say, &c., to and (loin the Clijde. TJicre is likewise a Packet
plying constantly between West Tarbert and the Sound of Islay, by which the
Mail is conveyed to these countries ; and by the Isthmus of Tarbert, goods of
all sorts and every article of import are conveyed to the adjacent Coasts and
Islands,while their exports are conveyed to and shipped at East Tarbert for
the Clyde, and the Low Country of Scotland. The late Proprietor of Tarbert
was many years ago at some expense in constructing a Quay and Land-breast
there, to accommodate the trade of the place ; but these works have fallen into
disrepair, and seem never to have been sufliciently built and constructed on that
extensive scale which was necessary to give facility and accommodation to the
many people who daily resort to it, independent of the accommodation neces-
sary for the inhabitants of the Village, where there are nearly One Hundred,
families chiefly engaged in trade, in fishing, and in sea-faring. For these rea-
sons, the Memorialists think that much public benefit would accrue from improv-
ing the Quay and Landing-Place at East Tarbert, as well as the access to
them, and from renewing the Land-breast under the Village." — To this The
Commissioners have agreed, the expense consisting chiefly in an enlargement of
the Quay, and removing certain roeks which obstruct the entrance of this small
Harbour. And " the utility of improving Tarier/ Harbour will be understood
by remarking, that the Isthmus which separates Cantyre from the rest of the
Shire of Argyle at this place, does not exceed a mile and a half in breadth, and
that instead of making the Canal since executed at Crinan, a Canal was at first
intended to be made here, it being obviously the centre of communication
between the numerous Sea Lochs, which indent the Coast of the Shire of
Argyle." —
TARBET, in the Shire of Dumbarton ; and in the Parish of Arroquliar.
It is 79 m. W. N. W. from Edinburgh. It is a small Village, with a decent
Inn, en the Eastern bank of Loch Lomond, and on the great Road, leading to
Tyndrum.
TARBOLTON, or TORBOLTON, in the District of Kyle, and Shire of
Ayr: formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'loU., the
manse was lately re-built : the glebe consists of more than the legal extent :
Patron, The Earl ofEglintoun : The Church is in decent condition. It is in the
Presbytery of Ayr, and Synod of Glasgow and Ayr. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 1766, and, in 1811, was 1966. It is 4 ra. W. from Mauch-
TAR
line. This Parish is abont 8 miles in length, iiud 6 miles in breadth, and the greater
part of it is well cultivated. The climate is rainy. The roads are in good repair.
The emoluments of the Parochial School are about £50. per annum. Near the
Village, stands the ruinous Monaslery of Feale, having a small Hamlet of the
same name adjacent to it ; it is said to have belonged to the Monks of the order
of Clugny, and to have been a Cell to the Abbey of Paisley : Its Founder is
unknown : the Prior of this place was one of those, who prevented the Castle of
Dumbarton from being surrendered to the English, in 1544, in opposition
to The Earl of Lennox, then Governor of it. Coylsjield, the elegant Mansion
of The Earl of Eslintoun, is surrounded with extensive Plantations. Enter-
kine, the seat of Mr. Cunningham ; and Smithstone, the seat of M. Cooper,
are also elegant Residences.
TARLAND, in the District of Kincardine O'Neil, and Shire of Aberdeen :
formerly a Vicarage, with the Parish of Migvie united ; the Stipend of which, in
1811, was 35 bolls of meal, at 8 stone per boll, 13 bolls of bear, 700 merks in
money, and £8..6..8. for Communion elements: the man-.e is in tolerable re-
pair: the glebe consists of about 4 acres : Patron, The Crown : The Church is
in good condition : The Minister preaches I'egularly two Sundays at Tarland, and
the third at Migvie, which Churches are about 2 Scotch miles distant from each
other. It is in the Presbytery of Kincardine O'Neil, and Synod of Aberdeen.
The Resident Population ofthe United Parishes, in 1801, was 922, and, in 1811,
was 932. It is 123 m. N. from Edinburgh. The Village of Tarland, situate
nearly in the centre of the District of Cromar, is a Burgh of Barony, with a
weekly Market on Wednesday, and six annual Fairs, which are much resorted
to. A General Post-Office is established here. The Earl of Aberdeen, the
benevolent Proprietor, has also a Granary here for the reception of his victual
rents. The only branch of manufacture, is that of spinning linen yarn, and knit-
ting hose. The roads are in pretty good repair. This Parish is very irregular,
and disjoined : the lands about the Village are mostly flat, and watered by the
Deskry ; but the greater part is mountainous, and covered with heath, and in-
tensely cold. Game, of all kinds, are abundant. A part ofthe Parish of Tar-
land, separated by the Parish of Strathdon, and lying along the North side ofthe
river Don, is between three and four miles in length ; and in one Glen, called
Glen-Ernon, from the water o( Ernon which runs though it, is about two miles
in breadth : This detached part of the Parish is under the inspection of a Mis-
sionary Minister, whose Salary is paid from the Royal Bounty, and who performs
T A S
all the parts of the Ministerial office among tlie inhabitants : it is abon^ lo miles
from the Parish Churcli of Tariand : in this District, are the Maiision-lloiises
of Mr. FoRBKS, oC Skellalcr, — Mr. Forbes, o( Inver-Ernon, — Mr. Anderson, of
Candacraig, — and Mr. Houston, oi Edinglassie.
TARNAWAY, or DARN A WAY, v. DYKE, and EDEN-KEILLIE.
TARRA-DALE, v. KILLMORACK.
TARRA8, tj CANOBY.
TARREL, LITTLE, v. TAIN.
TARREL, MEIKLE, in the Sliirc of Cromautv ; and in the Parish ofTarbat.
It is sitnate on the Moray Firth, at the distance of 10 miles East from Tain.
Here marl, of the richest quality, is found in great plenty, and is used with much
success by the Tenant, as manure. See, Cromarty.
TARTREVEN, CASTLE, v. LINLITHGOW.
TARVES, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a Vicar-
age, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 104 bolls and 3 pecks of oat-meal,
12 bolls 2 firlots and 3 pecks of bear, £40. Scotch, paid from the lands of Tol-
qiihon, as the conversion of 2^ bolls of meal, and the Vicarage Tythes which yield
about 400 merks annually : the manse was built in 1766: the glebe is of the
legal quantity : Patron, The Earl of Aberdeen : The Church is old, and ruinous.
It is in the Presbytery of Ellon, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, was 1756, and, in 1811, was 1894. It is 139 m.
N. b. E. from Edinburgh. The Fairs are holden on the third Tuesday, O. S,,
in September, and the fourth Tuesday, O. S,, in December. A General Post-
Office is established here. This Parish is about 9 miles in length, and 6 miles
in breadth. The general appearance is flat, interspersed with some hills of
small size : the soil is in some parts deep, and in others shallow, but for the
mo.st part fertile. The air is healthy. It is watered by the river Ythan. A
considerable part of the rent is payable in oat-meal, bear, and several cus-
toms and services. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together
with School-fees, and perquisites, and a rood of land. The only manufacture
carried on here is the knitting of stockings. The public roads are in tolerable
repair. The Earl of Aberdeen, and Hugh Forbes, Esq., o( Skives, are the
only two Proprietors ; the latter of whom is Resident
TARWATHIE, v. RATHVEN.
TASSIE'S-HOLM, or TATIUS-HOLM, v. KIRK-PATRICK JUXTA.
General Roy has given a plan of the Roman camp here, pi. 8.
T E M
TAYMOUTH, v. KENMORE.
TAYNUILT, in the District of Lorn, and Shire of Argyle : in the Parish of
Muckairn. This is a small village, with a tolerable Inn, at the distance of two
miles South- Soiith-West from Bunawe. Near this, upon the summit of a little
hill, is a Monumental Cross.
TEALING, in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Yicarage,'the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £'150., together with a manse, and glebe: Patron, The
Crown : The Church is indifferent It is in the Presbytery of Dundee, and Synod
of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
755, and, in 1811, was 779. It is 5^ m. N. from Dundee. This Pai'ish is about
3 miles in length, and from one to two miles in breadth, stretching along the
South side of the Sidlaw Hills, and is principally appropriated to pasturage.
The air is moist and cold, but not unhealthy. Agriculture has been much at-
tended to, particularly irrigation or watering of meadow lands, which has been
introduced and practised with success by Patrick Scrymgeour, E.sq., of
Tealing, one of the principal Proprietors, and who is Resident. Many Plan-
tations have lately been made here. Tlie Salary of the Parochial School is 300
merks, and perquisites, and a house, garden, and about an English acre of land.
Various antiquities have been discovered here. The roads are indifferent. Turf
is the common fuel, but coals are also much in use, which arc brought from
Dundee. -
TEAN, one of The Scilly Islands. This Island is estimated to contain about
70 acres : it is at present uninhabited, but is remarkable for having been the
residence of one Mr. Nance, of Corwji-a//, who ^rs/ introduced the making of
kelp into these Islands. This is probably the 'ht been The Marquis of Montrose and The Covenanters,
in which (he latter were completely defeated.
TIP,B1;R S CASTLK, V. PENPONT.
TiLI^'COUL TRY, in the Shire of Clackmannan : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'120. Scotch, including the allowance for Com-
munion elements, 34 bolls of oats, 24 bolls of barley, and 6 bolls of meal : the
Minister has also the privilege of Crai(j leave coals, that \s,free coals, except
paying the collier the price of working them, and he has likewise property in the
hills for maintaining seven or eight sheep : the present glebe lies in four different
places, and consists of 13 acres : the manse was rebuilt in 176G ; the old manse
has long been converted into a stable, and the old glebe is an orchard : Patron,
James Bruce, Esq. : the new Church was built in 1773, and is situate near the
manse, almost eqni-distant from the three villages : it is a small neat building,
well lighted, but not very comraodiously seated : there are two Church-yards,
one where the old Church was situate, and the other at the new Church. It is
in the Presbytery of Dunblane, and Synod of Perth and Stirling. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, (comprising the Villages of Coals-Naughton,
Earl's-Town, a?if^ Wester-Town) was 916, and, in 1811, was 1025. It is 4 m.
N. N. E. from Alloa. This Parish contains upwards of 6000 Scotch acres ; of
which, 4000 are in the Ochils, and the remaining 2000 form the low arable
ground, at the foot of the mountains : the soil is in general dry, and fertile ; and
agriculture is much attended to here. The nmlture is no less than the thirteenth
peck. Benclewjh, the property of Mr. Johnston, the highest of the Ochils, \s
2300 feet above the level of the Forth. The whole Parish, South of the Hills,
abounds ^Yith coal, which is the property of Mr. Bruce, except that in Mr. John-
ston's estate. The great coal, when led to the shore of Alloa for exportation,
pays a tax of 4d. Sterling per chalder to the family of Mark, called Gate Mail:
it was originally demanded for the liberty of exporting tlie coal from The Pow of
Alloa, and because the road leading through the estate to the harbour was a pri-
vate one, though used by the public : this road is repaired by Mr. Erskine at a
considerable annual expense. The Devon is a beautiful river, abounding with
fish ; and the valley, through which it passes, is esteemed the Tempe of Scot-
land : it frequently swells with rain, and overflows its banks. The air is healthy,
dry, and warm. It has long been famous for a species of manufacture, called
TilUcoidtry Serge, a kind of Shalloon, having worsted warp and yarn waft.
The Salary of the Parochial School, which is inconveniently situate at JVeste?--
voL. n. 5 A
T I N
Toicn, is 300 nierks Scotch, together with School-fees and perquisites, and a
dwelling-liouse and garden. TiUicoultry pays an annual feu-duty of i;7..6..0.
Sterling, and 166 bolls of salt, called King's Malt: this is a part of the Lord-
ship of Stirling, having been originally paid at the Castle of Stirling, for tjje use
of the King's family ; but was transferred, at an early period, to The Earl of
Marr, as a security for some money lent to the Crown. The chief Mansions are
Tillicoultry House, one of the seats of James Bruce, Esq., in whose family this
estate is now strictly entailed ; the entail of the Estate of .Suern'oss having been
tranferred by Act of Parliament to Tillicoultry.— and Harvieston, the seat of
John Tait, Esq., whose patriotic improvements deserve the greatest praise.
Mr. Bruce is Titular of the Teinds, and all the Heritors and Feuers hold
of him.
TILLYFOUR, v. OYNE.
TING WALL, in the Mainland, and in the Shire of Orkney and Shetland :
forraerlv a Vicarag'e and Archdeaconry, to which are united the Pari.«hes of
Weisdale, and Whiteness : the Stipend, in 1811, being £'578.. 16.. 0. Scotch in
money, and 108 lisponds of butter each computed at -iOlbs., together w^th £40,
Scotch for Communion elements, and a manse : Patron, Lord Dundas : There
are two places of Public Worship, at the distance of three miles from each other,
which are regularly attended by the Minister, and by the inhabitants in their
respective neighbourhoods. It is in the Presbytery of Shetland, and Synod of
Orkney. The Resident Population of these United Parishes, in 1801, was 1863,
and, in 1811, was 1927. The United Parishes are about 10 miles in length,
and in some places 5 miles in breadth ; besides some detached Islands, which
are inhabited by Fishermen, and some of which are four miles distant from
Tingwall, being separated by a dangerous sea. This remote Parish is celebrated
in the Ecclesiastical Annals of Scotland, for its process of augmentation, on the
decision of which, in a great measure, depended the income of the Ministers of
Scotland: the question was very warmly litigated before the Court of Session,
and was afterwards appealed to The House of Lords, by whom it was decided
favourably to the wishes of the Clergy. Like the rest of the Shetland Isles, the
soil, though not unfruitful, is badly cultivated, and is consequently unproductive.
The principal Harbours are, the Bays of Laxjirth, and Scalloway ; at the latter
of which, is the ancient Village of the same name, and at the South-East end
thereof, is the ruinous Castle of Scalloway, which was built in 1601, by Patrick
Stewart, Earl of Orkney. It is much intersected by Voes or Inlets of the sea ;
T I N
and there are several fresh water Lakes, in one of which is a small Island, called
Lmvting, where, it is said, justice was formerly administered : a range of step-
ping-stones leading through the most shallow part of the Lake, to this green
holm, remains to this day; and these stones are of such size, as to evince
raore than ordinary exertion and expense in placing them there. The Bay
of Laxjirlh is signilicative of its name, and abounds with salmon. See, Scal-
loicay.
TINL\N, V. TORRYBURN.
TINNIS HILL, V. CASTLE-TOWN.
TINTO HJLL, V. CARMICHAEL, and TINTO.
TINWALD, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Rectory, with the ancient
Parish of Trailflat united, in 165U : the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150.,
in money; the manse, and offices, are in decent repair : Patron, Tlie Marquis of
Qneensberry : The Church was re-built in 1763 : the glebe consists of 15 acres.
It is in the Presbytery, and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 980, and, in 1811, was 1204. It is 5 m. N. E. from
Dumfries. The United Parishes are about 6 miles in length, and 4 miles in
breadth: the greater part is arable, and very fertile. A gently rising ridge,
running from North to South, divides the United Parishes. The air is dry, and
healthy. The Public road is in good repair ; but the Private Roads are bad.
On the North-East border of the Parish stands Amisfield House, a Seat of the
Earl of Wemvss : this has, from a very early period, been the Baronial Castle and
Residence of the ancient ' Familv of Charteris : one of whom, Robert de
Charteris, is mentioned in History as early as the reign of William the Lion,
in 1165. The Castle or Toiver o? Amisjleld consists of a Quadrangle, having
a high tower of a very picturesque form on the South-West, and a more modern
building, now the Dwelling-house, on the East. Mr. Grose has preserved a
view of it. The Village of Amisfield was erected into a Burgh of Barony by
Charles the First, with weekly Markets, and yearly Fairs. A branch of the
great Roman Road from Biirnswark passing through it, terminates in the Parish
of Dunscore: and near Amisfield, are distinct vestiges of a Roman Fort. There
are also the traces of a British fort on the summit o( Barsell HilL about a mile
from the Church. Antiquities of various kinds are frequently discovered in the
Lochar Moss, which appears to have been formerly an arm of the sea: And
Tinivald Isles are said, in a Spanish History, to have been the best Harbour in
Scotland.
5 A 2
T I R
TINWALD HILL, v. PEEL.
TIORxlM, CASTLE, v. ARDNAMURCHAN.
TIR-Y, or TYRIE, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of
Mull, and Shire of Argyle : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of vvhicli, in 1811,
was £150., together with£16..1-3..4. in lieu ofaraanse, glebe, and Communion
elements : Patron, The Crown: The Church is in decent repair. It is in the
Presbytery of Mull, and Synod of Argyle. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, (comprehending the Islands of Coll, Gunna, and Tir-Y) was
1162, and, in 1811, was,
For the Eastern District. - - 1338.
Forthe Western District. - - 1848.
3186.
It is 36 m. W. from Tobermory. The Island of Tir-Y is about 11 miles in
length, and 2| miles in breadth, The coast is mostly rocky, and intersected
with many beautiful sandy Bays, especially the Bay of Gott, which affords safe
anchorage for large vessels. About one half of the surface is arable, interspersed
with small rocks and rising grounds, none of which are more than 250 feet above
the level of the sea ; and its surface is in general so even, that its ancient name
was Rioghachd bar Jo thuin, i. e. TJie Kingdom whose summits are lower than the
waves ; and this name, still used in the popular tales of the Hebrides, describes
the low situation of the Island, as the waves are often seen from the one shore
rising apparently several feet above the level of the other. In the middle of the
Island there is a large and very beautiful plain, which contains 1200 Scotch
acres, and is elevated about six feet only above high-water mark : during stormy
weather the sea often meets across this plain, and is productive of bad conse-
quences. The inhabitants have endeavoured to avert this evil by building a
defence of stone and earth on the one side, while the sea on the other, has raised a
considerable barrier of bowlder stones : yet neither have been sufficient to resist
the waves of the Atlantic. There are several Lakes, which cover in all about
600 acres ; and upon one of them are the ruins of an ancient Castle, on the site
of which a neat house has been erected for the residence of the factor of The Duke
of Argyle, who is Proprietor of the whole Island. The soil is sandy, and the
crops are very precarious. The Fisheries employ a number of hands, as well
as the manufacture of kelp ; of which, about 245 tons are annually made. The
Hill of Cean-Mharra, the West point of the Island, is remarkable forthe number
T O B
of caves, wliich, during the season of incubation, arc frequented by innumerable
flocks of aquatic birds. The climate is exceedingly rainy. Fuel is expensive.
There are tlie remains of many Danish forts ; and also of several old Chapels,
at some of which, buryiug-grounds and crosses are still visible. In the time of
St. Columba, this appears to have been part of the patrimony of that Church,
and to have supplied that famous Seat of Learning with considerable quantities
of grain ; and at Sorbie, was the mother Church of the Deanry of the Isles.
Here is a Parochial School, and also one of the Society's Schools, both of which
are well attended. There is a regular Ferry from Tir-YtoCoU, 3 miles distant,
which is often dangerous, owing to a heavy swell from the Atlantic, and to a
rapid current and breakers, over rocks and shifting sands : from Coll there is a
stated Ferry to the harbour of Croiij, in Mull. This Island appears to have been
formerly joined to the Island of Coll : the Isle of Guiia, which lies in the Sound,
being apparently part of the intermediate land, which has escaped destruction.
On this account, there is but little difference in their composition ; the greater
part ofTir-Y being formed of strata of hornblende rock, gneiss, and sienite,
which are in general very much elevated. At a Farm, called Belepliefrich, im-
mediately upon the sea-shore, is a Quarry of beautifully variegated marble. One
of the Scotch Honours of The Duke of Argyle is Lord Tyrie. See, Mull,
Me.
TOBERMORY, or TOBER MOIRE, in the Isle of Mull, and Shire of
Argyle : it constitutes part of the Parish of Kill-Ninian. This is a flourishing
Village, built in 1788, by The British Society for the encouragement of Fish-
eries ; who have a property of about 2000 acres round the place, but the far
greater part is hill or moss ; and the ground fit for tillage, lying in detached
spots near the Harbour, is not considerable either for extent or quality. In 1791,
a Custom-House, and Post-Office, were established here ; and a Sheriff"- Sub-
stitute Court has also been erected, for the regular administration of justice. Thfe
Harbour, which is sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by the small Isle of Calve, is
safe, and capacious ; and is situate in the tract of the Shipping, which pass from
the Western parts of Britain to the Northern Countries of Europe, and has an easy
communication bv water with the fishing Lochs in one direction and with the
Firth of Clyde, Liverpool, and other considerable towns, in the other. A Boat-"
builder, and a cooper, find constant employment ; and there is also a considera-
ble store of salt kept here, for supplying the busses and boats during the fishing
season. The Society for propagating Christian Knowledge have a School here.
TON
It is in the Latitude of 56* 36' 55" North, and the Longitude of 5° 58' 52" West.
See, Mull, Isle.
TOBIRCHURN, v. CROMARTY.
TODDERANCE, v. KETTINS.
TOD HEAD, V. GAP-HILL.
TOFT-HOLM, v. CASTLE-TOWN.
TOISE, in the Sliire of Caithness ; and in the Parish of Latheron. It is an
excellent Fishing station, on the German Ocean.
TOLLIS or TULLIUS HILL, v. LAUDER.
TOMINTOUL, or TAMMTOUL, in the Shire of Banff ; in the Parish of
Kirk Michael. This is a small Village, situate upon the banks of the Avon, in
the midst of Highlands, and on the great military road to Inverness. It has two
well attended Fairs annually. Here is one of the Society's Schools, with a Sa-
lary of £'13..10..0. See, Burgh-Head.
TONDERGARTH, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, is 2 chalders of victual, and £800. Scotch in money:
the manse is in decent repair : the glebe consists of more than the legal extent:
Patron, The Earl of Mansfield, who is also Superior of the greater part of the
Parish : The Church is in tolerable condition. It is in the Presbytery of Loch-
maben, and Synod of Dumfries. Tiie Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, was 484, and, in 1811, was 522. It is 3i m. S. E. from Lockerby, This
Parish is about 14 miles in length, and about a mile and a half in breadth, com-
prehending the declivities of a range of hills which lie along the river Milk: it
is principally appropriated to the pasturage of sheep. The Heritors are 27 in
number: the principal ones who are Resident being, Mr. Johnston, of Grange,
Mr. Brown, of Westiiood, and Mr. Richardson, of Pierceby-Hall. Potatoes are
cultivated here in great abundance. The roads are in good repair. The old
Castle of Tondergarth, now in ruins, was formerly one of the chief seats of the
Ancient and Illustrious family of Johnston, Marquisses of Annandale : and
Johnston is now the most prevalent Sirname in the Parish.
TONDERGHIE, v. W^HITEHORN.
TONGUE, in the Shire of Sutherland : formerly a part of the Parish of
Durness, from vvhich it was separated, and erected into a distinct Parish, in
1724; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £46.. 13.. 4. Sterling, including
£8..6..8. for Communion elements, and £1 11.. 13..4. by Parliamentary augment-
ation, with a glebe: the manse was built in 1787 : Patron, The Crown : The
TON
Church is in good repair. It is in the Presbytery of Tongue, and Synod of
Sutherland and Caithness. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
(including the Villages of Melness, and Torrisdale) was 1348, and, in 1811, was
1493. It is 250 m. N. b. W. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is estab-
lished here. This Parish is about 11 miles in length, and nearly of the same
breadth: of which, however, only 714 acres are arable, the remainder being
pasture or entirely waste. A semicircular chain of mountains passes nearly
through the middle of the Parish; the principal of which are Knoc-Rlieacadan,
Ben Laoghal, and Ben Hope, the two latter constituting a part of Lord Reay's
extensive Forest, in which there are supposed to be about 2000 deer. Ben
Laoghal is also famed in the songs of the Bards, as the scene of the death of
Dermid. Loch Laoghal is four miles long, and one mile broad : from whence
the river Torrisdale takes its rise, and discharges itself into the North Sea at Tor-
risdale, where the channel is about twenty yards wide, and the water 13 feet deep
at Spring tides. From the foot of Ben Hope to the Whiting Head on the West,
and as far as Tongue Bay on the East, Tlie Maine, a long tract of hilly desert,
covered with dark heath, and interspersed with greyish rocks, impassable bogs,
and stagnant pools of brownish water, presents a prospect uniformly rugged and
dreary. The Coast is high and rocky, and is intersected by several small creeks ;
in one of which, called Port Vaisgaig, is a quarry of grey slate, and another of
excellent flags, both of them easily worked, which are conveyed by boats to dif-
ferent parts of the country. The rocks along the coast are hollowed into numer-
ous caves ; the largest of which, Uaidhe-Mhor-Fhraisgill, i. e. Tlie Great Cave
of Fraisgill, is 20 feet wide at the entrance, and extends more than half a mile
into the interior : it is frequented by Numbers of seals. The tides follow the
direction of the coast nearly from East to West. Game, and aquatic birds of all
kinds, are abundant. There is a Salmon fishing on the Torrisdale; but the
other fisheries are prosecuted by the inhabitants only for their own use, especi-
ally cockles of the finest kind. The peat-mosses are very extensive ; and, in the
winter nights, the moss-fir, when dried and cut into .stakes, affords a strong,
though not a clear light, and is used instead oi candles. The Parochial and
Grammar School is situate at a short distance from the Church, on the banks of
the little river Rhians, near the arm of the Northern Ocean, called T7/e Bay of
Tongue, which divides the parish into two distinct parts ; the Salary is 300
nierks, together with a School-room, perquisites, and a rood of land. The
Gaelic is the language generally spoken here. Personal services have very
1
TON
humanely and properly been converted intc money. There are several cairns,
and circular buildings ; at Melness are the remains of an ancient edifice, called
Dun Bhuidh. i. e. Tlie Yelloic Heap, which is supposed to have been erected by
DoRNADiLLA, King of the Scotch ; and, on the Western side of the Bay, is The
House of Tongue, a beautiful Seat of the Ancient and Noble Family of Mackay,
Lord Reay, who is sole Proprietor of the Parish, and whose ancestors expelled
the Danes from these parts. In Drim na Coub there was a skirmish between
Lord Reay's men, and a number of Frenchmen who were on board the Hazard
Sloop of War, in 1746; when some of the French were killed, and the rest
taken prisoners. An excellent line of road has been made from the Ferry over
the Dornoch Firth at Criech, through the middle of the County of Sutherland,
to this place, a distance of 50g: miles, under the auspices of The Parliamentary
Commissioners. The principal Islands belonging to this Parish are, Ealan na
Coombe, Ealan na Roan, and The Rabbit Island.
TONGUELAND, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £108. .6.. 8. Sterling, together with cC8..6..8.
for Communion elements : the manse is old, and in bad repair: the glebe, in-
cluding the site of the manse and garden, contains 7 acres of very good land :
Patron, The Crown : The Church is old, but in tolerable condition, and is
pleasantly situate on the banks of the />ee. It is in the Presbytery of Kirk-
cudbright, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, was 636, and, in 1811, was 802. It is 2 m. N. from Kirkcudbright.
This Parish is about 8 miles in length, and from three to four miles at its
Northern extremity, gradually decreasing towards the South, where the rivers
Tarff Siud Dee unite, and by which it is bounded on the East and West. The
middle of the Parish is occupied by a long ridge of high land, vvliich gently de-
clines towards the banks of the rivers, where there is a considerable tjuantity of
meadow ground: the soil is in general fertile, and the system of agriculture is
much improved. The air is pure, dry, and very salubrious. Over the water of
Tar^" there are two bridges ; one about the middle of the Parish, where the
great Military Roud from Carlisle to Port-Patrick crosses it, and another farther
South near its extremity, where it joins with the r'wev Dee, and where there is a
harbour for vessels of 200 tons burden. There is also a bridge of two arches
over the Dee, a little South of the Church and manse ; and where there is one
of the grandest cataracts in the South of Scotland : this has always been so much
admired, that it has called forth the attention of the Scottish muse, in the ancient
TOR
and beautiful Poem of " Tlie Cherrie and the Slae," composed by Captain
Alexander Montgomeuy, who lived in the neighbourhood, at Cranston Castle.
These rivers abound with salmon of the richest, and most delicate flavour. The
Salary of the Parochial School is 300 nierks, together with School-fees, and a
free house and garden. Fuel is scarce, and expensive. The cross-roads are in
pretty good repair. Contiguous to the Cliurcli, are tlie ruins of the Priory,
which was founded in the latter end of the Twelfth century, by Fekgus, Lord of
Galloway, for monks of the Prcemonstratensian Order, brought hither from
Cockersand, in Lancashire. Leslv jocosely relates, that an Abbot of this place
undertaking to be in France before the King's ambassadors who were going thi-
ther, by flying in the air, and accordingly taking his flight from the walls of the
Castle of Stirling, met with a reward suitable to the nature of the enterprise, by
falling, and breaking his thigh bones.
TONLEY, V. TOUGH.
TORBRECK, v. ASSINT.
TORGYLE, V. GLEN-MORISTON.
TORLOISK, V. KILL-NINIAN.
TOROGAY, ISLE, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it con-
stitutes part of the Parish of Harris, and is situate in the Sound. It is uninhabited.
TOROSAY, in the Isle of Mull, and Shire of Argyle: formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £83.. 6.. 8. Sterling, together with £'20. per
annum, in lieu of a glebe, and manse : Patron, The Duke of Argyle : There are
two places of Public Worship, at which the Minister officiates alternately, but
only one of them has a Church. It is in the Presbytery of Mull, and Synod of
Argyle. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1764, and, in
1811, was 2114. It is If m. S. E. from Aros. This Parish is about 12 miles
in length, stretching along the Sound of Mull ; and is indented by numer-
ous Bays, which afford good anchorage for small vessels. The general sur-
face is rugged, and mountainous, and is principally appropriated to the
pasturage of black cattle, and sheep. The Salary of the Parochial School
is 300 merks, together witli School fees, and a rood of land : besides which,
the Society for propagating Christian Knowledge have established two Schools
in this Parish, to one of which they give £6., and the Parishioners add £4. ;
and to the other, the Society allow £8., and the inhabitants of Loch Buy con-
tribute £2. The climate is exceedingly rainy. About 100 tons of kelp are
annually made here. There is a stated Ferry to Morvern, another to Lisraore,
VOL. u, 5 B
TOR
and a third to Nether Lorn ; but the principal Ferry of Mull is from Achnacraig,
first to Kerrera, and thence to the Main-land near Oban. A Market for
horses is holden here on the 21st of August. From the landing place at
Achnacraig, along the coast to Aros, a distance of about 20 measured miles, the
road has lately been made ; and, in that space, there are five stone bridges, be-
sides the bridge over the water of J?o, or of Knock, which branches off from it.
Game, of various kinds, are in abundance. On a small eminence, at the foot of
the Mountain ofBeinmore, is the residence of Mr. Campbell, o( Knock, who
has been at a considerable expense in impi'oving and embellishing his estate.
Upon a lofty Promontory, overhanging the Sound of Mull, stands Castle Duart,
formerly the residence of the Macleans, of Mull and 3Ioi'vern; but now garri-
soned by a Lieutenant and a detachment from Fort William, to repress smug-
gling. — " It was no long voyage to Mull (from I-Colm-Kill)," says Dr. Johnson,
in his Journey to the Western Islands, " where, under Sir Allan Maclean's
protection, we landed in the evening, and were entertained for the night by Mr.
Maclean, a Minister that lives upon the coast, whose elegance of conversation,
and strength of judgment, would make him conspicuous in places of greater
celebrity. Next day we dined with Dr. Maclean, another physician, and then
travelled on to the house of a very powerful Laird, Maclean, of Loch Buy; for,
in this country, every man's name is Maclean. — Our afternoon journey [was
through a country of such gloomy desolation, that Mr. Boswell thought no part
of the Highlands equally terrifick, yet we came without any difficulty, at evening,
to Loch Buy, where we found a true Highland Laird, rough and hauglity and
tenacious of his dignity ; who, hearing my name, enquired whether I was of the
Johnstones of Glencoe, or of Ardnamnrchanl — Loch Btiy has, Wkc the other
insular Chieftains, quitted the Castle that sheltered his ancestors, and lives near
it, in a mansion not very spacious or splendid. I have seen no houses in the
Islands much to be envied for convenience or magnificence, yet they bear testi-
mony to the progress of arts and civility, as they show that rapine and surprise
are no longer dreaded, and are much more commodious than the ancient for-
tresses. — Loch Buy means the Yellow Lake, which is the name given to an inlet
of the sea, upon which the Castle of Mr. Maclean stands. The reason of
the appellation we did not learn." — See, Mull, Isle.
TORPHICHEN, in the Shire of Linlithgow : formerly a Vicarage : tlie
Stipend of which, in 1811, was Great Teind, £413.. 3.. 4. Scotch, Small Teind,
jei37..0..G. Scotch, 20 bolls 2 firlots 3i pecks of meal, 11 bolls 3| pecks of bear,
TOR
and The Vicarage Teind, 7 stone 2 pounds of bullcr ; the manse was 1>uilt in
1765 : Patron, Lord Torphichen : The Church is ancient. It is in the Presby-
tery of Linlithgow, and Synod of Lothian and Twecddale. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, (comprising the increasing Village of Blackridge)
was 1028, and, in 1811, was 1131. It is 4 m. S. b. W. from Linlithgow. This
Parish is about 9 miles in length, and 2| miles in breadth on the average. The
general appearance is hilly, particularly so at the East end, where the Hill,
called Cairn Naple, is situate, and which is elevated 1498 feet above the level
of the sea : except the hilly part, the Eastern district is, however, the most
fertile ; the soil gradually degenerating into a wet muir towards the West,
About a mile to the North-East of the village of Torphichen, is a small Loch,
abounding with pike, perch, and eels ; the wat^ri:; of which are discharged into
the Avon. The greater part of the Parish is inclosed ; and where the land is
unfit for cultivation, considerable plantations have lately been made. Coal is
abundant ; and there is also plenty of excellent free-stone. Here are several
seams of iron-stone, very rich in metal : and near the village, is a strong Chaly-
beate Spring, which was formerly much frequented. The Roads are bad. The
Hospital or Preceptory of Torphichen, long the principal Residence of the
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, was founded in 1120 by King David the First :
the Choir, and a square Tower, are the only remains of it, and are fine speci-
mens of the elegance and beauty of the architecture : it had the privilege of
Sanctuary ; and there is a stone in the Church-yard as a centre, and others at
the distance of a mile, East, West, North, and South, with a St. Johns Cross
upon them, and which stand about two feet above the surface. At the Refor-
mation, the vast Estates of that opulent Order were converted into a Temporal
Lordship, in favour of Sir James Sandilands, Lord St. John of Jerusalem ; in
which Noble Family the title of Lord Torphichen still remains. Torphichen
was also of old a Regality, which belonged to The Knights of Jerusalem ; and
which, as it was transferred, with the rights of the Order to Lord Torphichen, in
January 1563-4, was claimed by a descendant, as an Hereditary Jurisdiction ;
and compensation was granted to his Lordship, in 1747, to the amount of
£134. .12.. 6. A similar Cross to that of the Templars, was put upon all the
Houses that were feued out by these Knights : wherefore the several buildings
which we see in Edinburgh and Leith, with crosses upon their tops, formerly
belonged to them, and are as yet subject to the Jurisdiction of those who acquired
them at the Reformation. Near Loch- Coat, in this Parish, is the ruin of a Castle,
5B 2
TOR
which still shews its Baronial gloom, and grandeur. About a mile to the East
of Torpliichcn, is an Altar of four great unpolished whin-stones, which is said to
have been a Druidical place of Worship : and about a mile to the North-West
of it, is Boudane Hill, upon which there are evident marks of a military Station.
Bridge-House Castle was the ancient seat of The Earl of Linlithgow, and the
Baronial Mansion of the Regality of Ogleface, while his family was free from
forfeiture. Robert the Third granted to the Canons of Holyrood a Regal Juris-
diction over their Barony of Ogleface. Alexander, the second Earl of Lin-
lithgow, obtained, in 1608, a grant of the Hereditary office of Justiciary, and
Baillie of the Barony of Ogleface, with the village and lands of Bedlormie, and
Wester Craigs.
TORRANCE, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark : an ancient Parish,
united to the Parish of East Killbride, in 1589: The Church is completely demo-
lished. Very little of the ancient Castle is now remaining. The present edifice
was built in 1605, when the estate of Torrance belonged to the Hamiltons,
cadets of the Illustrious Family of Hamilton. It was afterwards sold to the
Stuarts, of the family of Castle Milk; the present Proprietor, Miss Stuart, of
Torrance, being the lineal descendentof the original purchaser. To this family
The Mains of Killbride also belong, with a few adjoining farms. See Lick-
privick. Castle.
TORRISALE, v. TONGUE.
TORR'S LAKE, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright ; and in the Parish of
Kirkcudbright. It is 2j m. S. from Kirkcudbright. Here is a large Bay, about
two miles and a half within Little Ross, on the East side of Kirkcudbright Bay,
called Torrs Lake, or Manx-man's Lake, where upwards of a hundred large
vessels may lie in safety, upon a soft mud or clay bottom. At 4 hours flood,
there is a depth of 14 or 16 feet water in this Bay, either in spring or neap
tides : two perches are placed on the right hand, and one is fixed at the point of
St. Marys Isle, to direct vessels in the safe navigation of it.
TORR-WOOD, V. DUNIPACE. General Rov has given a sketch of the
situation of Agricola's camp upon the moor here. pi. 7.
TORRY, V. TORRYBURN.
TORRY, in the Shire of Kincardine ; and in the Parish of Nigg. It is situate
on the ^stnary of the Dee, and has a small Pier, where vessels come to unload
lime, and take in cargoes of stones : above which lie the boats of the Fishermen,
who act also as Pilots. The tide flows more than two miles above the village,
M
TOR
to a BridQ:e over thcf Dee, and even to the bonndnry of the Parish ; but tlie river
is not navigable, except for boats and lighters about a mile, on account of the
shoals.
TORRY, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Killmadock. It is
5j m. N, W. from Doune. The Chapel is demolished, and its site is now
covered with wood.
TORRYBURN, in the District of Dunferndin, and Sliirc of Fife : formerly
a Vicarage, composed of the Parishes of 2orr»/ and Crombie, united before the
year 1623; the Slipcnd of which, in 1811, was £loO. : the manse is in good
repair: the glebe consists only of 2^ acres : Patrons, The heirs of Erskine, of
Carnock : The Church is in good condition. It is in the Presbytery of Dun-
ferndin, and Synod of Fife. The Resident Popvdation of this Parish, in 1801,
was 1403, and, in 1811, was 1461. It is 8^- m. W. N. W. from North Queen's-
Ferry. The Village of Torryburn is pleasantly situate on the Northern shore of
the Firth of Forth, and possesses an excellent Harbour. The climate is healthy.
This Parish is about 5 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth, including the
lands which are esteemed quoad sacra. The soil is in general good, and well
cultivated ; particularly the Barony of Tarry, all of which is inclo.sed, and in the
highest state of improvement. There are several seams of coal, which were
once worked to a considerable extent, but have been discontinued for some
years. A little to the Northward of the Village, is the Mansion-house of Tarry,
the elegant Seat of Sir William Erskine, Bart. The Parish of Torry seems to
have acquired the addition of Burn, from a small stream which runs along the
South-East part of it, and divides the two Baronies of Torry, and Crombie ; and
hence has communicated the general name to both. In the voyage of Lord
Anson round the World, in 1741-3, two persons accompanied his Lordship from
this Parish ; and the proportion of prize-money, which fell to the share of one of
them, being pretty considerable, on his return home, he purchased a small piece
of ground, and built a house upon it, which he called Tinian, after the beautiful
and fertile Island of that name in the Pacific Ocean, and to which the crew of
the Centurion, the Commodore's ship, and the only remaining one of the squadron,
owed their preservation. Opposite to Torryburn, in the middle of the Firth, is
the small Island, now called Preston Island, where coal is wrought to a consider-
able extent, below the bed of the sea, the property of Sir Robert Preston, of
Vallyfield, Bart.
TORS A, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Lorn, and
TOR
Shire of Argyle : it constitutes part of the Parish of Killbraiidon. This is a
small Island, and contains a Quarry of excellent Slate. Here is an ancient
Tower, once belonging to the great Macdonald, who made it his half-way
hunting seat, in his progress from Cantyre to his Northern Isles ; for which
reason it was called Dog Castle ; and here he made it the customary rule
to reside until he had expended the whole of his revenue, collected in the
neighbourhood.
TORTHORWALD, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Vicarage : the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., and £8.. 6 .8. for Communion elements:
the manse was built in 1738 : the glebe consists of 10 acres : Patron, The
Marquis of Queensberry : The Church was handsomely rebuilt, in 1782. It is
in the Presbytery, and Synod, of Dumfries. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, (including the Village of Roucan) was 703, and, in 1811,
was 932. It is 5j m. N E. b. E. from Dumfries. This Parish contains about
4400 acres ; of which, 900 constitute pari of Lochar Moss. Adjacent to
this moss, are extensive pastures and meadows, that are frequently overflowed
by the Lochar Water : farther East, is a fine sandy bank of unequal breadth,
above which, the soil is rich, and fertile ; and on the Eastern extremity, the
ground rises into lofty mountains. The arable land is mostly inclosed, and well
cultivated. The climate is healthy. The Public Roads are in good repair.
Peat is abundant, but there are no coals. Sir Robert Grierson, Proprietor of
an entailed estate, has lately granted leases for 99 years, of certain parts of his
lands, for House-steads and gardens : And in consequence thereof, and the ad-
vantage of procuring peats at an easy rate from a very large moss in the imme-
diate neighbourhood, a considerable number of persons, most of them ueavers,
have been induced to settle there. The Salary of the Parochial School, including
the Interest on a capital of £210., is £'17,.14..5i, besides School-fees, and per-
quisites. The Village of Torthorvvald was erected into a Burgh of Barony by
John Lord Carlyle, on the 3d of December 1473, Here are the vestiges of two
circular Camps, and a Druidical temple. The old Castle was anciently the
property of the Torthorald Family, long since extinct. David de Torthorald
swore fealty to King Edward the First at Berwick, on the 4th of August 1291 :
an ancient sepulchral tablet of this family, is still remaining against the wall of
the Church : Tiie surname of Carlyle, which, according to Douglas, is of very
groat anlicjuily in the South of Scotland, is certainly local, and was probably first
assumed when the City of Carlisle and the Northern Counties of England were in
TOR
the possession of the Scots. " Of the Family of Carlyle, Lord Caklylk, which is
of great tiiitiquily in the Stewartry of Annandale, was Sir William Cairlyle,
Knt.," according to Crawfurd, " in the days of Robert the First (1306) who was
matched with Margaret Bruce, sister to that King, as is evident from a Grant by
that Monarch , WilUelmo Cairlyle milite et Marrjarctm sponsce sua: sorori nostrcB ca-
rissimcB de tcrrisde Crumanstoun. Sir William Cairlyle, his son, obtained from
King Robert the lands of Culcn, una ctim Tennendarm (otins Baronies de Tor-
thorald. Theforaily continued in the state of Barons till James the Third called
Sir John Cairlyle of Tortliorald, into the number of his Nobility, by the title of
ion/ Cairlyle of Torthorald, hi 147:1 He had by the grant of the said King, the
Lands and Barony of Duncoiv, then in the Crown by the forfeiture of Robert
Lord Boyd, in recompense of his great charge in an Embassy to France, in 1477.
His wife was Margaret Douglas, and dying in the year 1500, his estate and
title of Lord descended and came to William, his Grandson and Heir (his own
immediate son dying in his life-time), whose son dying without issue, Michael,
his brother became his heir. This Lord was on the King's side, in the Minority
of James the Sixth, and was one of the Peers who bound themselves to maintain
his authority, in 1569, which many of them signed, and Lord Michael especially,
with his hand at the Pen ; he dying about the year 1580, his estate went to Eli-
zabeth, Daughter of William 3/«ster of Cairlyle, his Grand-child, and sole
heir, who married Sir James Douglas, of Park-Head, in the Shire of Lanark,
who was, in her right, created into the Dignity of Lord Carlyle, of Torfhorald.
He had a son James, who succeeded him, which James Lord Carlyle and
ToRTHORALD married Elizabeth Daughter of Sir John Gordon, of Lochenvar,
but having no issue, he resigned his honour to William y?rs? Earl of Queens-
berry, in 1638, who had acquired his estate, and thereby the title became
extinct in this family. From the Ancient and Noble family of Carlyle, Lord
Carlyle, The Author of this Topographical Dictionary is lineally descended :
His Grandfather having removed from Scotland in the beginning of the Eigh-
teenth Century, when he settled upon a considerable Estate which he purchased
at Stillington, in the Parish of Red-Marshall, and County Palatine of Durham ;
being esteemed the Chief of his Family. — The Castle after passing through the
families of Kirkpatrick, Carlyle, and Douglas Lord Carlyle, thus went into
that of the first Viscount Drumlanrig, to whose successor it now belongs. The
last inhabitant of it, is said to have been Archibald Douglas, the first Laird of
Dornock of that name. Mr. Grose has preserved a view of it.
TOW
TOSCARTON, in the District of The Rhyns, and Shire of Wigtown: an
ancient Parish, now comprehended in the Parish of Stony Kirk : The Church
is demolished.
TOTEIG FERRY, in the Shire of Ross ; and in the Parish of Glen Sheil.
Here is a Ferry across the Western extremity of Loch Dutch.
TOUCH-ADAM, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of St. Ninian.
It is 3 m. S W. b. W. from Stirling. Hei'e is the elegant Seat of William
Murray, Esq.
TOUGH, in the District of Alford, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a
Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £104.. 18.. 9., including £8. .6.. 8.
for Communion elements, 25 bolls 1 firlot 1-f lippie of meal, 2 bolW 1 firlot 2
pecks 1 lippieof bear, and£26..17..2. by Parliamentary augmentation : the manse
was built in 1752, and the offices in 1790: the glebe consists of 6 acres : Pa-
tron, Sir William Forbes, of Craigievar , who is also Titular of the Teinds : The
Church was built in 1737. It is in the Presbytery of Alford, and Synod of Aber-
deen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 629, and, in 1811,
was 602. It is 5 m. S. E. from Alford. This Parish is about 5 miles in length,
and 3 miles in breadtli. The soil is in general light and shallow, interspersed
with fields of deep rich loam or moss ; and the liills afford excellent sheep pas-
ture. The air is dry, and healthy. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300
merks, together with School-fees, and perquisites, a dwelling, and a rood of land.
The roads are tolerable. Peats, of a good quality, are in great plenty, and
easily procured. Tonlay, the residence of Mr. Byres, is surrounded with exten-
sive plantations.
TOWARD, CASTLE, in the District of Cowal, and Shire of Argyle: in
the Parish of Dunoon. It is situate near the Southern extremity of the Penin-
sula, which stretches into the Firth of Clyde, and is the property of the very an-
cient and most respectable Family of the Lamonts ; who, during the Civil wars,
taking part with Montrose, were besieged in this their Castle, and on its sur-
render, were barbarously put to the sword.
TOWIE, or TOWIE-KINBATTOCK, anciently KILL-BARTHA, in the
District of Alford, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £103.. 19.. 0. Sterling, including £8.. 6,. 8. for Commu-
nion elements, 20 bolls 1 firlot 2 pecks f lippie of meal, 8 bolls 3 firlots 3f lip-
pie of bear, and £20.. 3., 7. by Parliamentary augmentation : the manse is in
tolerable repair : the glebe consists of 4 acres : Patron, Alexander Leith, Esq.,
T R A
of Freojield, who is also the principal Heritor: The Church is in decent condition.
It is in the Presbytery of Alford, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parisli, in 1801, was 528, and, in 1811, was 585. It is 5^^ m.
N. N. W. from Tarland. This Parish is about S-J- miles in length, and 2 miles
in breadth, being watered by the Don. Along the side of the river, the soil,
though not deep, is tolerably fertile, and, comparatively speaking, very early.
The air is dry, and healthy. Free-stone, and granite, are in plenty. The roads
are indifferent.
TOWFORD, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh: in the
Parish of Bedrule, It is situate upon the banks of the Teviot, where, according
to General Roy, was a camp of Agricola, and of which he has given a plan.
pi 22.
TRABROWNE, v. GLADES-MUIR.
TRAILFLAT, in the Shire of Dumfries : an ancient Parish, now compre-
hended in the Parish of Tinwald: Patron, The Crown. It is 3 m. W. N. W.
from Lochmaben. It is watered by the river Ae. At Skipniyre, a Farm in this
Parish, William Paterson, famous for being the author and first projector of
The Bank of England, and the unfortunate Darien Expedition, was born ia
the year 1660 : he represented the Royal Borough of Dumfries more than once
in the Scottish Parliament, And in the same House was born James Mounsey,
M. D,, his Grand-nephew, first physician for many years to the late Catherine,
Empress of Russia.
TRAILTROW, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Chapelry, now com-
prehended in the Parish of Cummertrees : The Chapel is demolished, but the
Church-yard is still in use ; and here Mr. Mvrray, of Mmray-TJiiraite, has a.
family vault. The Tower of Repentance, a square building, with remarkably
thick walls, about 25 feet in height, is situate in the Church-yard. There are
various traditions concerning its name, and the motives for erecting it : but as it
is placed upon very high ground, and seen at a considerable distance, it was
doubtless used as a Watch Tower ; from whence the motions of the English,
before The Union of the Crowns, were discerned, and upon which beacons were
lighted, to alarm the country on the approach of the enemy ; and accordingly it
is mentioned in the Border Laws, by the name of The Watch Toicer of Trailtrow,
and a Watch was ordered to be k>;pt there.
TRANENT, or TREF ar NANT, i. e. The Habitation in the Vale, in the
Shire of Hadington : formerly a Vicarage, with the ancient Parish of Seaton
VOL. II. 5 C
T R A
annexed; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £500. Scotch, together with
£8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, 27 bolls of wheat, 26 bolls of barley, 43 bolls
of oats, a good manse built in 1781, a glebe of nearly 6 acres, and somewhat more
than an acre of mair, being the Minister's proportion of the division of a Com-
mon : Patron, The Crown, in consequence of the Attainder of The Earl of
WiNTON : The Church is a very ancient and incommodious fabric. It is in the
Presbytery of Hadington, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, (comprising the Villages of Cockenzie,
Elphingstone, Port Seaton, Seaton, St. Clement's Wells, Wester Falside, and
The Town of Tranent) was 3046, and, in 1811, was 3036. It is 10 ra. E. from
Edinburgh, and 380 m. N. b. W. from London. Here is a good Butchers' Mar-
ket twice a week. It is a neat, pleasant Town, and is exceedingly healthy.
This Parish is about 6 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth ; and is divided
by the great East road into nearly two equal parts. The surface is level, and,
except a small extent of links, and 100 acres of Common, the whole is cultivated :
the soil, especially towards the shore, is inferior to none in Scotland. The Sea-
coast is perfectly flat and sandy, except the rocky ground, where the Villages of
Port Seaton, and Cockenzie, are built. The Coast abounds with oyster-beds,
but they are nearly exhausted by over-dredging. Coal is abundant, and is
worked at three Collieries to a great extent. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, and perquisites. There are also seven other Schools ia
the Parish, four of which are taught by men, the remaining three by women ; but
none of them have any Salary, except one, who is voluntarily paid by the pro-
prietors, and the residing partner at St. Clements Wells. The Cross-roads are
bad. There is only one spring of water for the supply of the whole Town. After
the Reformation, the Parish of Seaton was annexed to that of Tranent, which
was thus too much enlarged ; but, it was somewhat reduced, in 1606, by making
the Baronies of Preston Grange, and Preston Pans, a new Parish, under the
name of Preston. In 1695, the Parish of Tranent was further diminished, by
the annexation of the North-East corner of it to the new Parish of Glades-
Muir. The most ancient edifice is that of St. German^s, now the Seat of David
Anderson, Esq. ; and where there was an Hospital, founded before the year
1296 : The Templars had also a Residence at St. German^s, which was, long
after its suppression, with most of its revenues, bestowed by King James the
Fourth upon The King's College of Aberdeen, in 1494. The Battle of Preston,
in 1745, was fought partly in this Parish, the scene of action lying about half a
T R A
mile to the North of the Church : at the West end of which, the remains of
Colonel James Gardiner are interred, who died in the Minister's house of tho
wounds that he received in the engagement :
" But Gardiner brave did still behave,
Like to a hero bright, man ;
His courage true, like him were few,
That still despised flight, man ;
For king and laws, and country's cause.
In honour's bed he lay, man ;
His life, but not his courage, fled,
While he had breath to draw, man."
This Gentleman's conduct, however celebrated, according to Mr. Ritson, does
not seem to have proceeded so much from the generous ardour of a noble and
heroic mind, as from a spirit of Religious enthusiasm, and a bigoted reliance on
the Presbyterian doctrine of Predestination, which rendered it a matter of perfect
indifference whether he left the field, or remained in it : being deserted by his
troop, he was killed by a Highlander, v\'ith a Lochaber axe. Colonel Gardiner,
having, it is added, when a gay young man, at Paris, made an assignation with
a lady, was, as he pretended, not only deterred from keeping his appointment,
but thoroughly reclaimed from all such thoughts in future, by an Apparition !
Mr. RiTsoN styles his nineteenth song, " Tranent 3fuir ;" which is appositely
directed to be sung to the Tune of Killycranhie, a memorable Pass, where The
Highland Adherents of King James, under the brave Viscount Dundee, had
also been victorious, in 1689. See, Preston.
TRAPRENE LAW, v. PRESTON-KIRK.
TRAQUAIR, or TRE-QUAIR, in the Shire of Peebles : formerly a Rectory
and Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £54.. 16.. 11. Sterling, 16 bolls
of oatmeal, and 8 bolls of bear, together with a good manse, and a glebe of about
11 Scotch acres : Patron, The King, in right of the Archbishop of Glasgow:
The Church, which was dedicated to St. Bridget, and was commonly called
St. Bride's Kirk, and Kirk-Bride, was rebuilt in 1785. It is in the Presbytery
of Peebles, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 613, and, in 1811, was 621. It is 6i m. S. E.
from Peebles. The present Parish of Traquair consists of the old Parish of
St. Bride, and that half of the ancient Parish of Kaihie, which lies on the
5C2
T R A
Southern side of the Tweed, and to which it was annexed in the year 1674,
The river Qtiair has its rise, and its whole course in the Parish, to which it com-
municates its name. The greatest length of the Parish is along the Southern
bank of the Ticeed, which lies in the direction from East to West between 8 and
9 miles : From the Tweed to the source of the Quair is from 4 to 5 miles, being its
greatest breadth in the direction from North-East to South-West, and contains
17,290 acres ; of which, about 4000 are arable. The figure is very irregular,
being frequently intersected by the Parish of Yarrow, It is bounded on the
North by the Ticeed. The general appearance of the Parish is hilly, rocky, and
mountainous. Minchmoor, over which the old road to Selkirk passes, is upwards
of 2000 feet above the level of the sea ; and Gumscleugh, and some other heights
in the Parish, are elevated at least 200 feet more. The hills, in general, afford
excellent pasture for sheep, of which there are about 10,000 in the Parish,
The soil in the low grounds is, for the most part, shallow and stony, but tolerably
fertile. The air is dry, and healthy. The rivers abound with trout, and salmon.
There are five Heritors in the Parish. By far the greatest proportion of the lands
belong to The Earl of Traquair, who formerly resided at Traquair House ; but
the whole family, for several years past, have been upon The Continent. The
money belonging to the Poor, amounts to £207., which is laid out at 4 per cent.
Interest: and besides this sum, Alexander Brodie, Esq., who was born in this
Parish, and is now resident in Carey Street, London, has sent, at different times,
considerable sums to be distributed among both such as are upon the Session's-
Roll, and to poor Householders : an act and example of Liberality, which is in
unison with his general benevolence. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300
merks, together with perquisites, and a free house, and garden. The Inhabitants,
in general, speak the old Scottish dialect. The roads are bad : and the distance
from coals, and lime, is a great disadvantage,
" The bush aboon Traquair,"
which, in former times might have been a considerable thicket, is now reduced
to five lonely trees, that solitarily point out the spot, where love, and its attendant
poetry, once probably had their origin. Part of The House of Traquair is of
very remote antiquity ; it was built on the banks of the Ttceed, and was in the
castellated form. There have been several other Tower-Houses in the Parish,
one of which is still almost entire at Cardrona. The tradition of the country is,
that there was a continued chain of these fortified Houses, so situate ou both sides
T R E
of the Ticeed, as by lights placed in them, an immediate intimation might be
given, of the approach of an enemy. There are several places denominated
Chesters, where there are evident marks of lines of circumvallation ; they are
mostly circular, and seem rather to have been intended for a security to their
cattle against sudden incursions, than regular encampments : tradition dignifies
them by the appellation of Roman camps : they are all constructed upon the
summits of eminences not easily assailable, and every particular district has its
own : their frequency is, perhaps, the best indication of their use. Glendean's
banks are remarkable for their extent and precipitous elevation. According to
Mr. Chalmers, at the commencement of the Scoto-Saxon period, if not earlier,
the Scottish Kings had The Forentoi Truqituir, with a Castle on the isthmus, which
is formed by the junction of the Qitair with the Tweed. We first see it mentioned,
in record, under David the First. In the Castle here, the successors of David
resided, occasionally, until the demise of Alexander the Third. There was a
Bailliewick of considerable extent, appurtenant to this Royal Castle, under the
shelter of which the village arose. In 1304, Edward the First granted to Ado-
mar DE Valence, the Manor of Traquair, which then appears to have been more
opulent, and populous, than Peebles itself. Robert Bruce granted to Sir James
Douglas, the Royal Forests of Selkirk, Etterick, and Traquair, as a free Barony.
This Forest of Traquair, which was the object of so much desire, and of grant,
remained, no doubt, in the family of Douglas, till the forfeiture of the Earl under
James the Second. Being in the Crown, the Barony of Traquair was granted,
in 1478, by James the Third to James Stewart, theEarlof Buchan, who trans-
ferred it, in 1491, to his second son, James Stewart, the Progenitor of The
Earls of Traquair. Besides the Barony, there seem to have been other lands,
within the Forest, which were granted to other proprietors. The Oudatv Mur-
ray, William de Maravia, had forfeited the lands of Trahvare, before the year
1464 ; as they were then granted to William Douglas, of Cluny ; being in the
Crown, by the forfeiture of the Outlaw;. David the Second granted the Bondage-
Lands of Traquir to William Maitland. And Doctor Pennycuick speaks with
rapture, " of the pleasant place, or rather Palace of Traquair."
TREDWALL, ST., CHAPEL, v. PAPA WESTRAY.
TREISHNISH, ISLES. — These are a cluster of small uninhabited Isles,
lying to the North- West of Mull, in the Parish of Kill-Ninian, and Shire of
Argyle. The chief of them are Back More, Back Beg, Cairn-Burgh More,
Cairn-Burgh Beg, Flada, and Lunga, Cairn- Burgh- More was formerly con-
T R O
sidered by the natives, as a place of great strength, and its Castle was generally
occupied by a small party : it is a high rock, of considerable extent, and inac-
cessible on all sides, except by one narrow pass. Cairn-Burgh Beg is a smaller
rock near it, and separated by a narrow Sound, to which the same description
applies in every respect. These rocks are said to have been the boundary of the
two Governments, into which the Hebrides were divided, when subject to the
Crown oi Denmark, called Tlie Nodoreys and Sudoreys, or The Northern and
Southern Isles. In 1249, Cairn-Burgh-3Iore was summoned to surrender to
Alexander the Third, who meditated the conquest of these Islands. The
Macleans possessed it in 1715, and during the Rebellion of that year, it was
taken and re-taken by each party.
TRENABY, v. WESTRAY, ISLAND.
TRESCO, one of the Scilly Islands : The Church is dedicated to St. Ni-
cholas. This Island is estimated to contain 880 acres ; and its Resident Popu-
lation, in 1810, was 440. The principal Town is called Dolphin, probably from
Godolphin. Here are the remains of a fortification, called Oliver's Battery,
which commands the passage into Grimsby Harbour; and where the Parliament
Forces under General Blake, and Sir George Askew, intent upon reducing
Scilly, the last retreat of the Cavalliers entrenched themselves. And soon after
the King's party in St. Mary's to the amount of 800 were obliged to capitulate,
among whom was the Governor Sir John Granville, afterwards Earl of Bath.
Samphire, of an excellent quality, is abundant here.
TRIMONTIUM, Statio, of Richard of Cirencester, v. HODDOM.
TRIMONTIUM, Urbs, of Richard of Cirencester, v. EILDON HILLS.
TRINITY GASK, v. GASK, TRINITY.
TROCHRIE, CASTLE, v. STRATH-BRIAN.
TRODA, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness: it
constitutes part of the Parish of Killmuir, and is appropriated to the pasturage
of Sheep.
TROIS FONTAINES, v. BOTHAN'S, ST.
TRONDRAY, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of
the Parish of Tingwall. It is situate to the Southward of Scalloway.
TROONE, The, v. DUNDONALD.
TROQUERE, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright: formerly a Chapel of
Ease, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £8\..2..G.: the manse was built in
1707 : the gltbe consists of 1 1 acres : Patron, The Crown : The Cliurch is in
^
T U L
good repair. Il is in tlic Presbytery, and Synod, of Dumrrics. The Resident
Population of this Parisli, in 1801, (including the Village of Bridgend) was
2774, and, in 1811, was 3409. It is | ni. S. from Dumfries. This Parish con-
tains about 502/1 acres, stretching along the Western bank of the river Nith.
The surface is partly flat, and partly hilly : the soil is various, but generally
light, and fertile. The state of agriculture has lately been very much improved,
especially by the patriotic exertions and example of Mr. Currie, of Redbank,
and Mr. Maxwell, of Cargen. The river Nith abounds with salmon and sea
trout, and is navigable for large vessels, at the Southern part of the Parish ; and,
about the centre, for small boats, which bring coals and lime from England.
The impolitic System, called The Servitude of Tenants, and Baillic Work, is now
almost entirely abolished here. The Salary of tlie Parochial School is 300 merks,
together with School-fees, and perquisites. The Society for Propagating Chris-
tian Knowledge have also established a School here, with a Salary of £10. The
air is healthful. Fuel is expensive. Considerable Plantations have lately been
made, and are in a flourishing condition ; besides which, there is a great extent
of natural wood. The great Military road, from Dumfries to Port-Patrick, runs
through the Parish.
TROSACHS, The, certain rugged and stupendous Mountains in the Shire
of Perth, about 10 m. W. from Callander. See, Callander.
TROTTERNISH, in the Isle of Skye, and Shire of Inverness : in the Par-
ish of Snizort. This is the Northern extremity of The Isle of Skye, called The
Ami of Trntternish : and, it is hoped, that a bridle road will soon be made from
the Hill of Biileagniniuie on the Snizort road, to The Air d, under the auspices
of The Parliamentary Commissioners, a distance of 21 miles.
TROUP, V. GAMRIE.
TUBEG, in the Shire of Sutherland ; and in the Parish of Assint. Iron
mines were formerly worked here.
TUDHOPE, V. CASTLE-TOWN.
TUEDA, Flumen, of Richard of Cirencester, the river Tweed below West
Ord.
TUESSIS, Statio, of Richard of Cirencester, v. BELLIE.
TULLIALLAN, in the Shire of Perth, though locally situate in the Shire of
Fife: formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 2 chalders of
meal, one chalder of barley, £41..13,.4. in money, and 8.,6..8. for Communion
elements, together with£1..13..4. for grass : the manse, and offices, are in decent
T U L
repair : the glebe consists of about 4 acres, including the garden : Patron,
James Erskine, Esq., of Cardross: The Church was re-built in 1675. It is in
the Presbytery of Dunblane, and Synod of Ross and Stirling. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Village of Kincardine) was
2800, and, in 1811, was 3194. It is ^ m. N. E. from Kincardine. This Parish
originally comprehended the Barony of Tulliallan only; but, in 1659, the Barony
of Kincardine, the lands of Lurg and Sands, and Kellywood, were disjoined
from the Parish of Culross, and annexed to it; and the whole now contains
about 2760 acres, the greater part of which is in a high state of cultivation. The
climate is mild, and temperate. Coals are abundant. The Roads are bad.
Here are several Quarries of excellent free-stone ; especially the Quarry of Lo?i-
gannat, which has been in great repute, for time immemorial ; and is exported
in considerable quantities, and to distant places. The Salary of the Parochial
School is 300 merks, together with School-fees and perquisites, and a School-
house, dwelling, and garden. The ruins of the Casde of Tulliallan, formerly
belonging to The Knights of Blackadder, show it to have been a place of great
strength : it is now the property of Colonel Erskine, of Carnock, who has highly
beautified the Estate by his extensive plantations.
TULLIBARDINE, CASTLE, v. BLACKFORD. The Collegiate Church
of TuUibardine was founded in Honour of Our Blessed Saviour, for a Provost,
and several Prebendaries, by Sir David Murray, of Tidlibardine, Ancestor to
The Duke of Athol, in 1446.
TULLIBODY, in the Shire of Clackmannan; an ancient Rectory, now
comprehended in the Parish of Alloa: There are the remains of an old Church,
in which a tomb has been erected for the family of Abercromby, and around it
is a large burying ground, still in use. It is 2~ m. N. W. from Alloa. Here
are some fine crofts, which are supposed to have given the name of Tidlibothy
or Tullibody, i. e. The Croft of the Oath, to the Barony, and the Village, that
stands at the head of it. Many new houses have been built here of late. It is
situate on the Eastern bank of the river Devon; and, at its confluence with the
Forth, has a Pier, where vessels of tolerable burden can load and unload with
expedition. The Upper and Lower Baronies of Tullibody, .or what are called
The Carse and Dry-field, contain about 1 100 acres. The Tenants pay kains
and cess, and are obliged to carry their Farm barley six miles, if re(juired ; but
this service is rarely exacted : They are subject also to a darg or day's work for
every acre, or \i)d. per annum : all multures are abolished. Here is a bridge
T U L
over the Devon. In the Village is a numerous School, which is patronized by
General AnERCROMBY. The respectable branch of the Abercrombies, which
settled at Tullibody towards the end of the Seventeenth Century, are descended
from the family of Birkinboifj in the Shire of Banff, where it has been long estab-
lished. Here the late General Sir Ralph Abekcrombv, and Lieutenant Gene-
ral Sir Robert Abercromby, K. B., two very distinguished characters in the
Military Memoirs of Great Britain, were born.
TULLIDELPII-HALL, v. STRATH-MARTIN.
TULLIEBOLE, i.e. The Poefs Hill, m the Shire of Kinross : an ancient
Parish, now comprehended in the Parish of Fossaway. It is in the Presbytery
of Auchterarder, and Synod of Perth and Stirling. It is 4j m. W. S. W. from
Kinross. This Parish divides the Parish of Fossaway into two parts, extending
from the bottom of the Ochil Hills on the North, towards the Cleish Hills on the
South ; and, from The Crook of Dovan on the West, to about halfway to Kin-
ross on the East : and occupies a space of about 3 square miles. This Parish,
although in appearance it resembles a level country, when compared with tho
hills on the North and South ; nevertheless contains the highest grounds of any
Parish in the Plain, between Stirling and Kinross. The climate is showery.
The Castle of Tulliebole, which was built in the year 1608, is the Family Seat of
MoNCREiFF Wellwood, Esq. ; but it is going fast into disrepair. Considerable
Plantations have lately been made here. The greatest Part of this Parish is of
a sharp, gravelly soil, and seldom fails in producing good crops of oats, barley,
and pease. The Barony of Tulliebole is under t^^e Superiority of Mr. Well-
wood. The proprietor of Tulliebole had anciently the power of holding a Court
ofKegality. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 567, and, in
1811, was 571.
TULLILUM, V. TIBBERMUIR.
TULLOCH, in the District ofKincardineO'Neil, and Shire of Aberdeen: an
ancient Parish, now united to the Parishes of Glen-Muick, and Glen-Gairn :
This Church, which is termed the Mother Church, is about two miles North-
East from Glen-r^luick : it is said to have been founded by St. Nethalen, and an
annual Meeting of the Inhabitants is regularly holden on the 8th of January, in
honour of his memory. It is 14 m. W. from Kincardine O'Neil. This Parish
is situate on the North side of the Dee, and is the most populous and extensive
of the three, being 18 miles in length from East to West, and intersected by the
Parish of Glen-Gairn at the Crags or Pass of Ballatar, where the tremendous
VOL. II. 5 D
T U L
impeucling rocks threaten the astonished traveller with immediate destruction.
This Parish appears to have belonged in the whole, or in part, to The Knights
Templars, and where they had a residence. At the foot of the Hill of Culhlean,
is a beautiful Lake of about three miles in circumference, called Loch Cannor,
containing several small Islands, and abounding with pike, and eels, and various
kinds of aquatic birds : Upon the largest of the Islands, there formerlv stood a
small fortress, which is said to have been built, and occasionally occupied as a
Hunting Seat by Malcolm Canmore: in this fortress, many of the Cummings, in
1335, took shelter after their defeat in the famous battle of Culblean, fought be-
tween them and the troops of King David Bruce. Soon after the Revolution, a
bloodless battle was fought here between the forces of King William under the
command of General Mackav, and some Gentlemen of the country, with their de-
pendents ; the latter of whom made such an expeditious retreat, that, in deri-
sion, it was called The Race of Tidloch. By a Memorial presented to The Com-
missioners for Highland Roads and Bridges, by The Earl of Aboyne and other
great Proprietors, in May 1806, it appear, " That the river Dee is well known
to be the Third in Scotland, and equal in rapidity to the Spey, though not so
large. It runs from the high mountains, which divide the Counties of Aberdeen
and Inverness, to Aberdeen, a distance of about 70 miles, nearly in a straight
line, passing through the Grampians, for the first thirty miles, and thereafter
along the North side of these mountains. From the Bridge built by Government
in Brae-Mar, to Aberdeen, a distance of fifty-six miles, there are only two
Bridges, the nearest of which to Brae-Mar is 37 miles ; and the other within
two miles of Aberdeen, on the great Post-road from Edinburgh to that place. It
is obvious, therefore, that the intercourse between the South and Nortli of Scot-
land is very much obstructed by the want of Bridges across this large and rapid
river : and so much was this felt so far back as the year 1726, that the Prede-
cessors of the Memorialists did every thing in their power to procure money
enough to build a bridge over the Dee, near to Ballatar, where it passes through
the United Parishes of TuUoch, Glen-Gairn, and Glen Muick, but without suc-
cess. In the year 1776, another attempt was made ; and, by private subscrip-
tion (chiefly within the County), with the aid only of X'300. from the Board of
Forfeited and Annexed Estates, a handsome bridge was begun and completed
(after occasioning much trouble and expense) in 1783, where it had been ori-
ginally intended, and cost £1700. But, unfortunately for the country, to a great
extent, both South and North of it, and particularly so to a great part of the
T U L
Counties of Aberdeen, Angus, and Kincardine, this beautiful and useful bridge
was carried away by an uncommon flood, on the 30lhof August 1799, and now
lies in ruins. Repealed attempts have been made by the Memorialists to raise
as much money as would re-build a work, the loss of which is most severely
felt ; but, as it would now cost a mtich larger sum (as will be seen by the Plan,
Specification, and Estimate, herewith presented for the inspection of the Honour-
able Commissioners), from the difference in the expense of labour and materials
since the former bridge was built, and the manner in which the foundation of a
new Bridare must be executed to prevent a similar disaster, and notwithstand-
ing that all ranks of people in the neighbourhood are willing to contribute to the
utmost of their abilities, and several Noblemen and Gentlemen who live at a dis-
tance have contributed very handsomely, the Memorialists are afraid it will not
be possible to re-build this bridge without Public aid." — In their Fourth Report
of April 1809, The Commissioners observe, " The Contributors to Ballatar
Bridge, unwilling to incur the delay likely to arise from the difficulty of finding
offerers of contract at a reasonable price, determined to undertake the contract
themselves, and employ a Sub-Contractor in the work. The situation is 40 miles
from Aberdeen, whence tools, workmen, and part of the materials were to be
procured, and the immediate neighbourhood of the Bridge is thinly inhabited,
and affords no accommodation. Difficulties of this sort had caused Mr. Telford
in his Estimate to add 30 per cent, to the prices of Masonry on The Caledo-
nian Canal : but the offerers of contract for Ballatar Bridge required double
that allowance. At length, however, the work was undertaken at the estimated
expense by Mr. Simpson, one of the contractors for masonry on The Caledonian
Canal ; who has overcome the preliminary difficulties, by building and fur-
nishing two houses for the residence of his workmen, of whom from 40 to 50 are
employed. The Piers and Abutments are all finished, and centres with suf-
ficient arch-stones for two arches are prepared. This Bridge is of granite, and
will probably be finished within the present year (1809), though the time
allowed by the contract extends to Michaelmas 1811. Some damage to the
temporary centering is apprehended from the floats of timber, which it appears
was cut in the Forests before the bridge was commenced ; and this may cause
some expense, which in equity must, if it occurs, be repaid to the contractor." —
In their Fifth Report of April 1811, The Commissioners state, " According to
the expectation expressed in our last Report, the Bridge over the river Dee, at
Ballatar was finished and opened for the passage of carriages in November 1809,
almost two years before the time limited in the contract. It is built in the firmest
5D2
T U N
manner, and bids fair to ensure a perraanent passsage over the Dee, at a place,
where a former bridge yielded to the violence of the river in 1799. On casting
up the account of expenditure incuri'ed, it is found by Mr. Simpson the contractor,
that the country Masons were justified in their refusal to build this bridge for
less than QQper cent, beyond the estimated expense, he having lost Thirteen Hun-
dred Pounds by the contract. Before Ballatar bridge was thus re-built, the river
Dee was unprovided with any bridge for the space of 37 miles from Brae-Mar
Eastward ; Ballatar is about 13 miles from Brae-Mar, so that at present the ob-
struction is reduced to 24 miles Eastward from Ballatar, and even this is found
to be a serious inconvenience in the intercourse between the North and South
parts of the Shire of Aberdeen." — This Bridge is built over the river Dee, near
Pananich, and consists of five arches, the water-way being 238 feet.
TULLOCH, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parisli of Perth. This is a
considerable Village, situate on the banks of the ancient Canal from the
Almond, where an extensive Bleach-field has long been established.
TULLOCH-ARD, MOUNTAIN, v. KINTAIL.
TULLYBEAGLES, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Methven.
This is a detached Barony ; and from its proximity to Auchtergaven, the resi-
dent inhabitants have, for a long time, been accustomed to attend Public Wor-
ship at the Church of Auchtergaven , and to receive Church benefits from the
Ministers of that Parish. This Barony belongs to the Family of Aldie.
TULLYBELTON, v. LOGIE-BRIDE.
TULLY-MURGAN, v. CULSALMOND.
TULLYNESSLE, in the District of Alford, and Shire of Aberdeen : for-
merly a Rectory, belonging to the Chapter of Aberdeen, with the Parish of
Forbes lately annexed ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., and a glebe :
the manse was built in 1724 : Patron, The Earl of Fife : The Church is in good
dondition. It is in the Presbytery of Alford, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resi-
dent Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 330, and, in 1811, was 362. It is
'2\ m. N. from Alford. This Parish is about 4 miles in length, and 2\ miles in
breadth. The surface is mountainous ; but the arable soil is in general a light
loam, very capable of improvement. Game, of various kinds, are in great
abundance. The air is pure, and healthy. Turf, and heath, are the common
fuel. The roads are in tolerable repair. Good moor-stone is in great plenty.
TULM, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness ; it con-
stitutes part of the Parish of Killmuir, and is appropriated to the pasturage of sheep.
TUNDERGARTH, v. TONDERGARTH.
T W E
TURIN, HILL, and HOUSE, v. RESCOBIE.
TURNBERRY, CASTLE, v. KIRK-OSWALD.
TURREFF, in the District of Turrcff, and Shire of Aberdeen : formerly a
Rectory, and Prebend, belonging to the Chapter of Aberdeen ; the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 80 bolls of meal, and bear, and €50. in money: the manse,
and offices, are in good repair: the glebe consists of the legal extent : Patron,
The Earl of Fife : The Church was re-built in 1794. It is in the Presbytery of
Turreff, and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Town, and
Parish, in 1801, was 2090, and, in 1811, was 2227. It is 155 m. N. b. E. from
Edinburgh. The Market is well supplied. The Fairs are holden on the last
Tuesday, O. S., in January, the last Tuesday, O. S., in March, the last Saturday,
O. S., in May, the last Tuesday except one, O. S., in June, the last Tuesday,
O. S., in July, the first Tuesday, O. S., in October, and the first Tuesday, O. S.,
in December. A General Post-Office is established here. It is pleasantly
situate on the banks of the river Deveron, and is a free Burgh of Barony, by
Charter from King James in 1511. The principal manufactures are those of
linen yarn, thread, and brown linens ; and there is also a considerable bleach-
field. The present School-house was the Episcopal Chapel in 1745, with a
Salary of £100. Scotch, paid by the proprietors oi the Estate o? Delfjaty, who
have the right of Presentation, together with an acre and a half of land, and
School -fees, and perquisites. Here was formerly an Hospital belonging to The
Knights Templars ; and also an Hospital for 12 poor old Men, founded in 1272,
by CuMYN Earl of Buchan, and richly endowed in the succeeding century by
King BoBERT Bruce. This Parish contains about 16,896 Scotch acres, com-
prehending Forglen of Old Townan, on the opposite bank of the river. The soil
is in general light, and fertile ; and agricultural improvements have lately been
introduced here. Peats are the common fuel. There are several considerable
plantations, particularly on the estates of Mr. Garden, ofDelgaty and Troup, —
Mr. Duff, o( Hatton-Lodge, — Miss Gordon, of Laithers, — Colonel Dirom, of
Mitiresk, — and Mr. Robinson, of Gask.
TUSHELAW, in the Shire of Selkirk; and in the Parish of Etterick. It is
situate on the Western bank of the Etterick, and was formerly the Seat of Scott,
" Vie King of the Thieves."
TWEED-DALE, v. PEEBLES, SHIRE.
TWEEDS-MUIR, in the Shire of Peebles, formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was £150. Sterling, together with a manse, and glebe : Patron,
T W E
Scoti, o( Dunninald : The Church was erected, in 1648, on a small Mount,
called Quarter- Kno w s ; and wliich, as tradition relates, was of old a place of
Druid Worship. It is in the Presbytery of Peebles, and Synod of Lothian and
Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 277, and, iu
1811, was 254. It is | m. E. from Beild. This District anciently formed that
part of the Parish of Drummelzier, called Upjjer Drumniehier, but was erected
into a distinct Parish in 1643. It is about 9 miles in length, and in many places
as much in breadth. The surface is uneven, but interspersed with some plains,
and morasses : many of the hills are very beautiful, being covered with grass to
their summits ; others have a mixture of heath; and some are of considerable
elevation, particularly Hart-Field, and Broad Law, which are about 2800 feet
above the level of the sea. From the nature of the country, it is chiefly applied
to the pasturage of sheep ; and is remarkable for the delicate taste, and flavour
of its mutton : the arable soil is, indeed, tolerably fertile, but, owing to the heavy
rains and early frosts, the crops are precarious. The climate is healthy. The
river Tweed has its source at the South-West extremity of the Parish, and runs
through it in a North-East direction ; it is joined by the waters of Core, Fruid,
and Tulla, besides several smaller Burns or Rivulets, all of which abound with
trout. The High road from Edinburgh to Moffat, and Dumfries, runs through
the Parish. The Schoolmaster's Salary is 300 merks Scotch, together with
School-fees, and perquisites. Some remains of antiquity are still visible near the
Hioh road : and, a few miles above TJie Beild, there are several Cairns. Near
Nether Menzion, on the banks of the x'wer Fruid, is the grave of M.\rion Chisholm,
who is said to have removed hither from Edinburgh, while the Plague raged
there, and to have communicated the pestilential infection to the Inhabitants of
three different Farms in the Parish, viz., Nether Menzion, Glencothe, and Fruid,
where its effect was very severe. Vestiges of ancient Castles still remain at
Oliver Castle, now the seat of Mr. Tweedie, a respectable Heritor : — at Fruid,
where a Family of the name of Fraser formerly resided ; — and, at Hack-Shaw,
the seat of the ancient Family of Porteus : there was also a Chapel, near Hawk-
Shaw, on the Fruid, which is now in ruins, but the Burial-ground is still in use ;
and wiicre, about the year 1775, a bust of General Monk is said to have been
discovered. Mr Grose has preserved a drawing of Tweeds-Muir Church, and
the adjacent picture?!que Country. According to The Honourable Arciubald
Fraser, of Lovat, Oliver Eraser, was the Thirteenth Thane of Man, and first
Lord of Clicer Castle, which he built iu Tweeds-Muir, and called it by his
T Y N
name ; he lived in the year 11 10; it was afterwards erected into a Constabulary,
and was always \hc first called over, in the Roll of Peebles.
TWIN-LAW, V. CRANSHAWS.
TWYNEHOLM, in the StcAvartry of Kirkcudbright: formerly a Prebend:
with the ancient Parish of Kirk-Christ united : the Stipend of which, in 1811,
was £59.. 17. .6. in money : the manse was built in 1763: the glebe consists of
nearly 30 acres, being the two glebes of the United Parishes : Patron, The Earl
of Selkirk: The Church was built in 1730. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkcud-
bright, and Synod of Galloway. The Resident Population of this Parish, in
1801, was 683, and, in 1811, was 740. It is 2\ m. N. W. from Kirkcudbright.
This Parish is about 9 miles in length, and 2 miles in breadth, .stretching along
the banks of the rivers Dee and Tarf, and being bounded by a small Bay of the
sea on the South and West. The surface is mo.stly high land; and, in general,
the soil is light, dry, and fertile, when properly cultivated. The climate is rainy,
but not unhealthy. The river Dee is navigable the whole length of its course
through this Parish, and upon which there is a Ferry at Kirkcudbright : The
water of Tar/ is also navigable for vessels of 50 tons burden up to its lower
Bridge : these rivers, together with the Burn of Ttcyneholm, and the Lakes of
Glengap, and Trostrie, abound with fish of various kinds. Here are inexhaus-
tible quantities of shell marl. In the Northern parts of the Parish, peats are
abundant ; but, in the lower districts, the mosses being exhausted, coals are
imported from Whitehaven, and are generally used. The Salary of the Parochial
School, including School-fees, is about £'35. per annum. The great Military
road, from Carlisle to Port-Patrick, passes through the middle of the Parish,
which has contributed greatly to the improvement of the country ; besides which,
there are other well directed roads , that are kept in good repair. The Bridges
are also in good condition. The old Castle of Cumpstone, the properly of The
Earl of Selkirk, is pleasantly situate near the confluence of the rivers Tarf, and
Dee : and, on the Farm of Nuntoirn, opposite to St. Mary's Isle, is another old
building which also belongs to His Lordship. Here are five of those conical
hills or moats, that are so frequent in Galloway.
TYNDRUM, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Killin. This is a
small Village, situate upon the great Western Military road, between Killin and
Dalmally, and about 12 miles distant from each place. Here is a tolerable Inn,
which is said to be situate the highest of any House in Scotland. See, Rannoch.
TYNINGHAM, in the Shire of Hadington: an ancient Rectory, now com-
T Y N
prehended in the Parish of White-Kirk: The Church, which is now demolished,
stood a quarter of a mile below the village, on the North side of the Tyne, in a
beautiful field, which has a gentle slope to the water's edge ; and from whence
the Church was distant about 300 yards. It enjoyed of old the privilege of
Sanctuary. It is watered by the river Tync, which discharges itself into the
German Ocean, on the East. The right of Fishing the Tyne up to the Knoic-
Mill, and the Sea-coast at its mouth, from within a cable's length of West Barns
Burn to the water of Peffer, an extent of nearly two miles, belongs solely to The
Earl of Hadington : but seals are abundant at the mouth of the river, which are
thought, with some probability, to be one cause of the scarcity of fish. The tide
flows about two miles up the water, and might be made navigable to that dist-
ance at no great expense. On the 7th of February 1628, The Earl of Hadington
obtained a Charter, under the Great Seal, of the lands and Lordship of Tyning-
ham ; which from hence became the Seat of this powerful and prosperous
Family, and who, by plantations and other improvements, have highly orna-
mented their domain, and beautified the country. It is 4j m. W. b. N. from
Dunbar. See, White-Kirk.
TYNRON, in the Shire of Dumfries : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was £150. : the manse, and offices, were built in 1785: the
glebe consists of the legal extent : Patron, The Marquis of Qucensberry: The
Church is in bad repair. It is in the Presbytery of Penpont, and Synod of Dum-
fries. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 563, and, in 1811,
was 574. It is 2| m. N. E. from Minnie-hive. This Parish is about 15 miles in
length, and about 4 miles in breadth, on the average. The soil is rather thin,
and sandy ; and, from the greater part of the arable lands being situate on the
edge of hills, the crops are neither luxuriant, nor early : it is chiefly calculated
for raising and feeding of sheep. The Shinnel, which rises at the upper extre-
mity of the Parish, runs through the centre, until it discharges itself into the
Scarr, when it loses its name : it abounds with trout, and at The Aird I/inn, is
a fine cascade, which is much admired. Peat is plentiful in the upper part of
the Parish ; but the lower part depends chiefly upon coals, brought from San-
quhar, upwards of 16 miles distant. The Schoolmaster derives an annual Salary
of £22., from a bequest of the late John Gibson, Esq. ; which is paid by the
Society for propagating Christian Knowledge, on the certificate of the Presby-
tery. The climate is healthy. About one half of the Parish belongs to The
Marquis of Qukensbebky. The Roads are in tolerable repair. A Roman Cause-
U D N
way runs through the whole length of the Parish, along the side of the hills ; and
the vestiges of fortifications are in many places very distinct. The Doon of
Tynron is a beautiful pyramidal hill, on the summit of vvhich are the remains
of an ancient Castle that commands a most extensive prospect.
TYRIE, V. T[R-Y.
TYRIE, in the District of Deer, and Shire of Aberdeen: formerly a Vicarage,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'90.. 9.. 1^ Sterling, and 49 bolls and 4f lippies
of meal : the manse is in tolerable repair: the glebe consists of the legal extent:
Patron, Lord Saltoun : The Church is very old. It is in the Presbytery of Deer,
and Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801,
(including the Village of New Pitsligo) was 1044, and, in 1811, was 1454, It is
4 m. S. E. from Aberdour. This Parish is about 10 miles in length, and 4^
miles in breadth. The surface is agreeably diversified with hill and dale ; the
soil, when not in the vicinity of moss, is for the most part a fertile reddish
coloured loam, pretty deep in the vallies^ but shallower on the eminences, and
many hundred acres still lie in their natural uncultivated state ; though a consi-
derable extent has lately been improved on the estates of Sir William Forbes,
oi Pitsligo, and Mr. Eraser, of Stricken. Peats are in great plenty. Here was
formerly a Religious House, which was well known by the name of The White
Kirk of Buchan.
TYRIE, in the Shire of Sutherland : and in the Parish of Lairg. It is
215 m. N. b. W. from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is established here.
U.
UdDINGSTON, in the Middle Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Parish
of Bothwell, It is 4 m. N. W. from Hamilton. This is a considerable Village,
pleasantly situate on the Eastern bank of the Clyde.
UDNY, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of Aberdeen: a Parish erected
from the neighbouring Parishes about the end of the Sixteenth or beginning of
the Seventeenth Century: the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150., and a
glebe: the manse is in tolerable repair: Patron, Mr. Udny, of Udny : The
Church is too small for the congregation. It is in the Presbytery of Ellon, and
VOL. II. 5 E
U I s
Synod of Aberdeen. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
1242, and, in 1811, was 1210. It is 4 m. E. b. S. from Old Meldrum. This
Parish is about 7j miles square. The general appearance is pretty tlat, with
small eminences covered with short grass. The Soil is in general a deep loam,
with a considerable proportion of marshy ground, on a clay bottom ; and several
of the estates are inclosed, and well cultivated. There are many Quarries of
lime-stone ; and granite is abundant. The air is healthy. Peats, and turf, are
the common fuel. Tiie Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together
with School-fees, and perquisites, a dwelling, and a rood of land. One estate
still pays Stipend to the Minister of Logie Buchan, and five other estates to the
Minister of Ellon. This Parish has long taken the lead in the general manage-
ment of the dairy : and the butter made here is the best in the county.
TJIG, in the Island of Lewis, and Shire of Ross: formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £80.. 11.. 0|: Sterling, together with a manse, and
glebe : Patron, The Crown : There are two Churches, which were erected
about 18 years ago. It is in the Presbytery of Lewis, and Synod of Glenelg.
The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 2086, and, in 1811, was
2500. It is about 10 computed miles in length, and 9 miles in breadth, stretch-
ing along the Western coast of The Leivis. In the interior, it is mountainous ;
but, along the shore, it is almost flat: and agriculture has lately been much
improved here. The air is moist, but not unhealthy. It abounds with Lochs,
especially Loch Roag, which affords excellent anchorage for the largest fleets :
All kinds of lish are in plenty: and about 140 tons of kelp are annually made
here. The Gaelic is the prevailing language. Lord Seaforth is sole Pro-
prietor. Peat is the general fuel. At Melista are the remains of a Nunnery,
which is still called " The House of the old Black Women." At Carlaway is a
circular Danish Fort, that is very entire.
UIST, NORTH, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Invf.r-
NESs : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'70. Sterling,
£8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements, and £88. .G.. 8. by Parliamentary augmenta-
tion : there is a glebe, but no manse, the Proprietor accommodating the Incum-
bent with a House on the Farm which he possesses : Patron, Lord Macdonald :
There are six places of Worship in the Parish ; these are, Killmuir, in the
centre, where there is a Church in very good repair, and Avherc the Minister
officiates two Sundays successively ; another is aXClachan, in the District called
Sand, at the distance of 13 miles from Killmuir, where the Minister officiates
U I s
every third Sunday, but there is no Church at present in this place, tlie House
in which Divine Service used to be performed having lately become a ruin : a
third is at SoUas, at the distance of 7 miles from Killmuir, where tlie Minister
officiates once a quarter : he is also bound to preach once a year in each of the
Islands of Borcray and Heisker : Carinish, the most Southern part of the Par-
isli, is also a place of Worship, at the distance of 12 miles from Killmuir, where
the Minister used to preach once a quarter, but it is now a part of the charge of
the Missionary who is stationed at Benbecula, on the establishment of the Com-
mittee for managing His Majesty's Bounty, for the Reformation ofthe Highlands.
It is in the Presbytery of Uist, and Synod of Glen-Elg. The Resident Popu-
lation of this Parish, in 1801, was 3010, and, in 1811, (exclusive of the Island
of iJor^rai/, which contained 90 person) was 3773. This Island is about 20
miles in length, and from 12 to 18 miles in breadth. The Western part ofthe
Coast which is washed by the Atlantic, is inaccessible to Vessels, or even to
Fishing boats, except in the calmest weather, on account ofthe numerous rocks
and shoals that surround it : the East coast is also bold, except where it is in-
tersected by the several inlets ofthe sea, which form safe and commodious Har-
bours : these are Cheese Bay, Loch Maddie, Loch Evort, Rueheva and Kellin,
but the best of them is Loch Maddie, which is well adapted for an excellent
Fishing Station, having safe anchorage for vessels of any burden, and an easy
outlet with almo.-t any wind. Along the East coast, the ground is barren, moun-
tainous, and almost uninhabited : the West, and North parts of the Island
(being almost tlie only parts of it that are cultivated) are low and level for about
a mile and a half from the shore, when the surface also becomes muiry, with
hills of small height, that are covered witli black heath. The cultivated land
is mostly a sandy soil, which, as it approaches the Muir-lands^ is a thin black
loam, lying upon a gravelly or a free-stone bottom. One thirteenth part ofthe
grain that is ground at the three mills, is taken by the Millers for midture, and
of which they are obliged to pay 180 bolls to the Proprietor. The climate is ex-
tremely variable, especially during the Vernal and Autumnal Equinoxes, but it
.is not unhealthy. There are numerous fresh water Lakes, abounding with ex-
cellent trout, and frequented by prodigious flocks of aquatic fowls. Lord Mac-
DONALD is sole Proprietor of this Parish, and whose predecessors have been in
possession of it for several centuries. There is only one School, with a Salary'of
300 merks Scotch, and to which the Committee for managing the Royal Bounty
add £25. per annum more; it sends one Scholar yearly to the University.
5E2
U I s
The Fuel used here is peat, which is procured at great labour and expense.
The quantity of A<'/p annually manufactured, is about 1200 tons. There are many
Danish Forts ; and also several Druidical Temples, which are described by
Dr. Smith, of Campbelltown, in his history of the Druids. The Islands belonging
to this Parish, are Boreray, Grimsay, Heisker, lleray, Kirkbost, Orinsay, and
Vallay. See, Skije, Isle.
UIST, SOUTH, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inver-
ness : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, including the glebe,
was £'50. Sterling ; the manse is quite uninhabitable, and the Incumbent lives
in a Farm-house in the middle of the Parish ; Patron, The Crown : The Church
has been in ruins since the time of the Reformation. It is in the Presbytery of
Uist, and Synod of Glen-Elg. The Resident Population of this Parish was,
For the First Division - - 2998. 1 , ^^
} 482o.
For the Second Division - 1597. J
4595. 48^5.
This Parish is, from North-East to South-West, about 30 computed miles, and
its greatest breadth may be estimated from 7 to 9 miles. Towards the West,
and North- West, where it is bounded by tlie Atlantic Ocean, the soil is very
light, and sandy, and most part of it is rendered quite useless, by the severity
of the storms, that blow from the West: further within, is one continued series
of swamps, and lakes which abound with the greatest variety of the finest trout:
and to the Eastward, are high and rugged mountains, covered with heath and
a partial degree of verdure, which afford pasturage for black cattle, horses,
sheep, and goats, during the Summer and Autumn mouths : But the grain pro-
duced in the Island, on an average, does not serve the Inhabitants for nine
months in tiie year. The air is moist and damp, though not uuhealthy. The
staple commodity of the Parish is kelp, of which about 1100 tons are annually
manufactured. It abounds with game of every kind, and is very favourably
situate for a Fishing Station. Tiie Heritors are John Macdonald, Esq., of
Clanranald, and Colin Macdonald, Esq., of Boisdale. In a District of the
Parish, called Benbecula, a Missionary resides, with a Salary of £'30., which is
paid by the Trustees for managing the Royal Bounty. The Protestants assemble in
two School-houses, which are now in good condition ; and the Roman Catholics
have three Mass-houses in the Parish. Here are the remains of some Druidical
U L V
Temples, and also of some of the Danish Dvns or Forts. The principal Har-
bours are, Loch Bee, Loch Shiport, Loch Eynort, and Loch Jioiadule. The
first introduction of the help m;inufaclure, was into the Island of Uist, about the
year 1750, by a Mr. Macleod, who brouglit it from Ireland, where it had been
carried on for several years. The Ishmds belonging to this Parish, arc Benbe-
cula, Eriskay, Rona, and Wia. See, Skye, Isle.
ULBSTER, V. WICK.
ULINISH, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness :
it constitutes part of the Parish of Killmuir, Here is one of the Danish Dims
or Forts : and also the remains of a place of refuge, built in the time of James
the Sixth, by Humi Macdonald, who was next heir to tlic dignity and fortune
of his Chief, and who justly suffered for engaging in an execrable plot against
the Laird's life. There is likewise an extensive Cavern by the sea-side, but it
has no echo, as has been reported.
ULLAPOOL, in the Shire of Cromarty, though locally situate in the Shire
of Ross ; and in the Parish of Loch Broom. It is 216 m. N. N. W. from Edin-
burgh. A General Post-Office is established here. This is one of the Fishing
Stations belonging to The British Society. The Village was begun to be
built in 1788, and has been gradually increasing since that time. It is most ad-
vantageously situate for fishing or trade, and holds a central position with respect
to the best fishins: Lakes on the Western Coast. The Road-stead is safe and
commodious, for almost any number of vessels and of any size ; and a good
Quay has been built, where they can either load or unload with the greatest ease.
The Village being situate upon low ground, is frequently incommoded by water
from the neighbouring hills ; but drains are constructing by order of The Society,
who are laudably endeavouring to exhibit a specimen of the great effects of
industry, under even a moist climate, without any peculiar richness of soil.
There is an excellent line of road from hence to Dingwall, a distance of 38 miles.
The Salary of The Society School, which is well attended, is £25. per annum.
Lime-stone is abundant ; and in the neighbourhood are extensive peat-mosses.
The pier is in the Latitude of 57" 53' 40" North, and the Longitude of 5' 2' 52"
W. See, Cromarty.
ULVA, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the District of Mull, and Shire
of Arcjyle: It constitutes part of the Parish of Kill-Ninian ; being separated
from Mull by Loch Titadh, about tworailes across. This Island is of no great
extent, is rough and barren, and inhabited by the Macquarkvs ; a Clan not
U N S
powerful nor numerous, but of antiquity, wliich most other families fire content
to reverence. Macquarry is Proprietor both of Uha, and some adjacent
Islands, among which was Staffa, so lately raised to renown by The Right Honour-
able Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., K. B. " Of the ancestors of Macquarry," says
Dr. Johnson, " who thus lie hid in his unfrequented island, I have found memo-
rials in all places where they could be expected. Enquiring after the reliques
of former manners, I found that in Ulva, and, I think, no where else, is continued
the payment of the Mercheta Mulierum; a fine in old times due to the Laird at
the marriage of a virgin. The original of this claim, as of our tenure oi Borough
English, is variously delivered. It is pleasant to find ancient customs in old
families. This payment, like others, was, for want of money, made anciently in
the produce of the land. Macquarry was used to demand a sheep, for which
he now takes a crown, by that inattention to the uncertain proportion between
the value and the denomination of money, which has brought much disorder into
Europe. A Sheep has always the same power of supplying human wants, but
a crown will brins; at one time more, at another less. Ulva was not ueo:lected
by the piety of ancient times ; it has still to show what was once a Chvrch."
This Island exhibits the same kind o^ Basaltic columns as Stafl'a, though of a
lighter colour than usual ; but they are inferior in size and regularity. The
Society for propagating Christian Knowledge have established a School here.
See, Mull, Isle. i
UNAR AY, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles ; and constituting part of the
Parish of Yell. It is a small, uninhabited Island, situate in Yell Sound.
UNICORN ROCK, v. LERWICK.
UNST, ISLAND, one of the Shetland Isles ; formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, consisting of the old money Stipend, an augmenta-
tion obtained in 1785, and payable in butter, ling, wool, and lambs, a glebe of
12 merks of excellent land, an annuity allowed, in consequence of an agreement
by the heritors, and three days work by the Parishioners, may be estimated at
upwards of £160. Sterling; the manse is in bad condition : Patron, Lord Dun-
das : The Church, which was built in 1764, and repaired in 1789, stands at a
place caWed Balcasta, at the distance of three miles from the Minister's abode :
It should seem, that the ancient Inhabitants of this Island, if not more numerous,
must have been at least more religious than the present: for the remains of no
fewer Ihan 24 Chapels still subsist here : so late as the year 1740, the Minister was
obliged to preach in three different places ofWorship in rotation: and there are
U N S
six Biiryiiio^-places in tlic Island, at ihe ruins of as nnany old Kirks. It is in the
Presbytery of Shetland, and Synod of Orkney. The Resident Pojndation of this
Island, in ISOl, (consisting of the North, Middle, a»(/ South Parishes) was 22o9,
and, in 1811, was 22S8, This is the most Northern of the Shetland Islands ; The
Ska of Unst being situate in the Latitude of 60° 65' North. It e.vtends eight com-
puted miles in length from Sonth-West to Norlh-East,and is, in breadth, from two
to three miles and a half: its form approaches to an oblong square. In comparison
with the other Shetland Isles, Unst is reckoned level, yet its, .surface is diversified
by several extensive ridges of hills; the most remarkable of which are Saxa/orth,
towards the North, that is elevated 700 feet above the level of the sea, and may
be seen 14 leagues olT the coast ; and Vallafield, which rises to the height of
600 feet. Among these hills several tracts of level ground are interspersed;
and their summits are still covered with moss, or black peat earth,' to the depth
of some feet. There are no rivers; but it contains many small fresh water
Lakes ; Loch Cliff, the largest, being two miles long, and nearly half a mile
broad. The Sea-coast is indented by many bays and creeks, and several Isles
are scattered around it. All the shores, exposed to the main Ocean, especially
the Head-lands, are lofty and rocky, the highest of them being 60 or 70 fathoms:
but ihe shores of the Bays and Harbours are low, shelving, and sandy. The
little Isle of Uyea, about a square mile in extent, and which is inhabited, lies
South of Unst, and forms, upon that quarter of this Island, the safe Harbour
called Uyea Sound: the passage between Wedderholm, and Uyea Sound is good,
though narrow ; there are several rocks, which lie some distance to the South-
West of the former, and a sunken Rock to the North oi Haaf-Grunie, on which
the sea breaks in heavy gales of wind, though there is plenty of water over it at
all times; from the deck of a small Vessel, keeping the top of Muness Castle
well in sight above the land, you will go without the rocks off that point. Hie
Vnir always breaks. Ham is a small Creek, in which a Vessel of about ten feet
water may lay in safety. There is no passage between Hume Isle, and the Main-
land, except for small craft at high water. The inner part ofBalta Sound,
is a very secure Harbour : in Summer time, Ships which intend to go out through
the North Passage, often anchor under Balta Island, hnng'mg Bmiess on with.
Skoelaing, and the East point of Fetlar on with the South- West point of Balta
Island. Haroldswu'k, and Norwick Bays, are rocky, and dangerous. The tides
flow nearly southward, and ebb Northward : the windings of the Coast, how-
ever, occasion them to vary slightly from these directions. The greatest velocity
U N S
of the Current in spring tides, is at the rate of 6 miles an hour. Off Lamha-
Ness, the North-East point of Unst, and of all Shetland, where there is a
free communication between the Atlantic Ocean and the Northern Seas, the
current flows with such rapidity, as to rise to a prodigious swell that often
proves dangerous to the fishermen, even in calm weather. Around the coast,
are a variety of natural caves ; one of which, under a promontory of the
Hill of Saxaforth, is 300 feet in length, and of considerable height. The
soil is, upon the whole, tolerably fertile, even under the worst mode of culture ;
and the higher grounds, which are mostly covered with a short, tender heath,
afford good pasturage for sheep. The Island is well stocked with black
cattle, shelties, sheep, hogs, and rabbits. Otters are numcruus ; and seals are
found in great numbers on the shores of Uyea, Haaf-Grunie, JVeatherholm, and
Btirra-Firth : the last of which is also frequented by innumerable flocks of migra-
tory Birdsj whose feathers are an article of considerable value. By the Police
of the country, a reward of 3.s. 4d. may be claimed by every person who kills an
Ern or Eagle, Scl. for a Corbie or Raven, and 2cl. for a Crow. The Fishery is
an important branch of the industry of the inhabitants ; and about 80 tons of
cured fish, on an average, have been annually exported from hence. Peats are
almost the only article of fuel used here. This Island provides the tenth part of
100 Seamen whom the Shetland Islands are, by agreement, obliged to furnish
to Government for the Royal Navy, upon any extraordinary emergency. The
Norse or Norwegian tongue appears to have been the ancient language of this,
as well as of the other Shetland Isles : and most of the proper names have their
origin in that language : it is now finally extinct, though it subsisted longer here
than in any of the other Islands. On each side of the Island, are the remains of
Picts' Houses. At Muness there is a ruinons Feudal Castle, which appears, by
an inscription in Saxon characters above the gate, to have been built in the year
1598 by Laurence Bruce ; who is said to have been from CultmalmuUe, in the
Shire of Perth, and to have fled hither in consequence of having slain a neighbour
in an affray. On the East side of the Parish, between Balta Sound and Harolds-
wick, there are two high eminences, called The Hoap : upon one of them is a
heap of stones, intermixed with human bones ; they are both precipitous, and
are reported to have been places for the execution of criminals ; and near them,
is a ruinous building which is said to have been the Judgement Hall ; a Cause-
way leads to it from the foot of the rock. On the hill of Crossjield, are some
coricentric circles of earth and stone, with eminences raised in tlie middle of
U P II
them : upon the same hill, there is a small heap of stones in the form of a grave,
surrounded with a row of rude pillars. Two ancient obelisks still remain ; one
of them, which is near Lund, is a thick and shapeless rock ; the other, near Uyea.
Sound, seems to have been a mark for directing vessels into that harbour, and is
ten feet and a half high, slender and tapering to the top. No roads have yet
been made through this Island, either by Statute labour or otherwise. There is
no Post-Office here : the only Post-Office, indeed, in Shetland, being at Lertcick,
which is 40 miles distant from hence : so that from its remote situation, and its
little intercourse, especially during winter, with the mother country, the inhabit-
ants are frequently strangers for many weeks to the greatest National occur-
rences. In this dreary district there are, however, several handsome modern
houses, with small gardens, gravel walks, &c., in a neat style : the principal of
which is Belmont, the Seat of Mr. Mowatt, of Garth. In the Kitchen gardens
here, an uncommon kind of Artichoke is cultivated : it has numerous, but very
small heads, scarcely larger than those of the common spear-thistle : the inhabit-
ants think it more hardy than the large-headed kind, and also superior in flavour.
A School was opened here, for the first time, in the end of November 1805.
The Calloo, or anas glacialis, named from its Evening call, which resembles the
Sound calloo, calloo, arrives from the Arctic Regions in Autumn, and spends the
Winter here : great flocks of wild Swans come at the same time, but these
generally migrate farther South.
UNTHANK, or INTACH, i. e. Lonely or Solitary, in the Shire of Elgin ;
and in the Parish of Duffus : Here was formerly a Free Chapel, with its Minister
and Stipend independent of the Parsonage of Duffus. It is 4j m. N. W. from
Elgin. Its retired situation is favourable to the etymology of the name ; and
here, and at Ross Isle near to it, there was a College of Monks, of which the
Chaplain of Unthank was probably the Provost ; after the Reformation, its lands
were annexed to the Crown.
UPHALL, anciently STR ATH-BROC , in the Shire of Linlithgow : formerly
a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1812, was £150 : Patron, The Earl of
Buchan : The Church, which was dedicated to St. Nicholas, stood on the North-
ern side of the Village of Strath-Broc, about 700 yards North-East from the
Mansion-House of Kirk- Hill ; but, during the Seventeenth Century, a new
Parish Church was built, a mile higher up the vale, at a place called Uphall,
whence the Parish obtained its present name. In 1524, Archdeacon Dingwall
granted to the Church of Slrathbroc, a Mansion, and Yard, called the principal
VOL. II. 5 F
U R C
Mansion of Slrath-Broc W^es^er, with four an-es of land, and six acres, called
Seiterland, and also an acre, called The Tenand-Land, lying in llie Barony of
Stratli-Broc : this donation was confirmed by a Charter of James the Fifth. It
is in the Presbytery of Linlithgow, and Synod of Lothian ant/Tweeddale. The
Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 786, and, in 1811, was 800. It
is 11 m. W. b. S. from Edinburgh. This Parish contains 3120 Scotch acres:
the soil is in general a rich clay, upon till ; and many of the lower fields are
covered with a rich black loam ; both of which soils are very fertile. The name
is said to signify. The Valley of Brocks ov Badgers: the Parish consists of a
Strath or Vale, through which runs the Brocks-Burn. Upon this rivulet is
Brocks-Bum, the only Village in the Parish, which is now increasing rapidly,
by the exertions of The Earl of Buchan, the Proprietor, who has let the ground
at moderate terms, on building leases of 99 years. Here is a great Annual Fair
on the first of August. The Roads are good. A Colliery, the property of
Thomas Shairp, Esq. , of Honston, is now \vorked : the coal is of excellent qua-
lity, and is sold cheap. In the beginning of the Fourteenth Century, according
to Mr. Chalmers, Strath-Broc was a Barony, in the possession of Sir Reginald
le Che^te, who left two Daughters, Mariot anrf Mary, that enjoyed his Estates:
Strath-Broc was inherited by Mariot, who, in 1366, settled the half of the Barony
of Strath-Broc on her son by her late husband John de Douglas ; and, in 1390,
she resigned the other half of the same Barony to Andrew de Keith, one of her
sons, by her second husband. After various transmissions, that part of the
Barony of Strath-Broc, wjiich comprehends the Kirk-Toicn, was acquired by
that eminent lawyer. Sir Lewis Stewart, who flourished under Charles the
First ; and who transmitted his estate to his son. Sir James, whose daughter,
Catherine, carried it to her Husband, Henry Lord Cardross : and the Great-
Grandson of this marriage, David Earl of Buchan, now enjoys from them this
estate, together with the elegant Residence at Kirk-HUl. There appears to
have been a Chapel of old at Bangoiir, in this Parish . an Estate which was long
the inheritance of the Hamiltons ; and which was dignified, at length, by the
birth of the elegant Poet, Willl\.m Hamilton, of Bangoiir.
UPLAW-MOOR, in the Shire of Renfrew ; and in the Parish of Neilston.
It is 3i m. S. S. W. from Neilslon. This is a small, manufacturing Village,
UPPER RANKEILLOR, v. MONIMAIL.
up-si:tlington, v. lady-kirk
URCIIANY, HILL, v. NAIRN.
U H Q
URFASEY, ISLE, one of Uic Shetland Isles ; situate to the Soulli of Yell,
and constituting part of that Parish.
URIE, V. FETTERESSO.
URQUHART, v. LOGIE.
URQUHART, in the Shire of Elgin .- formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of
which, in 1811, was 8 chalders of victual, and £'10. Sterlinfj, including £8.. 6.. 8.
for Communion elements : the manse, and offices, are in good repair : the glebe
consists of 5 Scotch acres : Patron, The Earl of Fife : The Church, which is
dedicated to St. Margaret, is in good condition. It is in the Presbytery of Elgin,
and Synod of Moray. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was
1023, and, in 1811, was 93G. It is 4| m. N. W. from Fochabers. This Parish
is about 4 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth, lying along the coast of the
Moray Firth, between the rivers Lossie, and Spey; but it contains no Creek,
nor landing place of any kind. The North West part is flat, and the soil sandy,
rising only a few feet above the level of the sea ; and, in all probability, has
been formerly inundated, as there are evident marks of the sea having receded
from the coast : the remainder of the Parish is more elevated, and of an unequal
waving surface. The air is mild, and salubrious. Four-fifths of this Parish are
the property of The Earl of Fife, whose plantations cover an extent of 2478
acres, and add much to the beauty and ornament of the country: the remainder
of the Parish belongs to Mr. Innes, oi Leuchars, who has taken uncommon pains
to improve his estate, and happily with great success. The Roads are in good
repair. The T^ch of Cotts, which is about a mile in circuit, contains pike only ;
it is frequented in winter, by a considerable number o(sicans ; and, in the spring
and autumn, by vast flocks of wild fowls. At the upper part of the Parish, there
is another Lake, called Loch Nabeau, partly in this parish and partly in that of
Llan Bride, which is now surrounded with plantations. The Salary of the
Schoolmaster is 12 bolls of oat-meal, and 6 bolls of barley, together with a good
School-house, and a rood of land. The Site of the old Priory has lately been
converted into an arable field ; and the name of Abbey- Well, which the country
people still give to the Fountain that supplied the Monks with water, is the only
memorial of it that now remains. This Priory was founded as early as the year
1126, by David the First, in honour of The Holy Trinity, and was dependent on
the Abbey of Dunfermlin ; but soon after the year 1345, it was conjoined to
Pluscarden, with which it continued to be united, until the Reformation. The
Priory lauds were erected into a Regality. In lr565, Alexander Setox was
5F2
U R Q
made Commendator, and, in 1591, created Lord Urquhart, and, in 1605, Earl
of DuNFERMLiN : But the honours being forfeited in 1690, Seton oi Barns claimed
the Lordship ; and, about the year 1730, it was purchased by the family of
Gordon. The House of Innes, one of the numerous seats of The Earl of Fife,
is a noble Mansion : it was once the residence of the very ancient Family of
Lnnes, whose annals are marked with great calamities.
URQUHART, in the Shire of Inverness: -formerly a Rectory, with the
Chapel of Glen-Moriston united ; the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'150., and
£8.. 6.. 8. for Communion elements : the glebe consists of 6 acres of good land :
the manse is ruinous, but the Heritors allow £20. per annum in lieu of it : Patron,
The Earl of Seafield : The Church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is situate at
Killmore, near the foot of the Strath of Urquhart, and is in decent repair : The
Minister officiates two Sundays out of three at Urquhart, and the third at Meikly,
six miles up the country, where there is also a very good Chapel : The duty, in
Glen-Morislon, is generally performed by the Missionary Minister of Fort
Augustus, who preaches in that Glen once in three weeks ; and where there are
two tolerable Meeting-houses : Before the establishment of this Mission, the
Minister of Urquhart had to supply every fourth Sunday in Glen-Moriston, which
made the Charge extremely fatiguing ; but, it is now only expected, that he goes
thither occasionally, except when there is a vacancy in the Mission ; in this
event, he goes there regularly once a month : The Service is chiefly in Gaelic,
the prevailing language of the country ; nevertheless in Urquliart, especially in
the Summer months, Enrjlish is also preached, but seldom so in Glen-Moriston.
It is in the Presbytery of Abcr-Tarf, and Synod of Glen-Elg. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1944, and, in 1811, was 1800. Itis 18 m.
N E. b. N. from Fort Agustus. The Parishes of Urquhart, and Glen-Moriston,
are 30 miles in length, and from 8 to 12 miles in breadth. The surface is very
mountainous, comprehending the two vallies of Urquhart, and Glen-Moriston,
which extend in a Westerly direction from Loch Ness, nearly parallel to, and
separated from each other by a ridge of lofty mountains : the highest of which is
MealfuarmJionie, being elevated 3060 feet above the level of the sea. Urquhart
is divided into Strath and Braes ; and is, in general, a rich, thought not a deep
loam, and uncommonly fruitful. The soil of Glen-Moriston is very inferior to that
of Urquhart, being commonly light and sandy. The Family of Glen-Moriston
have possessed this part of the Parish of Urquliart from the year 1548 ; and which
was conveyed to John Grant, of Culcabock, the ancestor of that family, imme-
U R Q
diately descended from the family of Grant, by GRANTofJ?a//pwirt//oc/t, towliom
it came, by progress, from the Grantee of the Crown, in 1509. King James the
Fourth gave and granted both the Castle and Lordship of Urqiihart, in feu-farm
and heritage, for ever, to JohnGhant, of /"/•cwc/tic, the Chief of the ancient iind
powerful family of the Grants, and ancestor to the present Earl of Seakielu, for
his own and his |)redecessors' constant, loyal, and stedfast adherence to His
Majesty and his Royal Progenitors ; and since that period, this Fort and Lands
have remained in possession of the family of Grant. For some time before the
year 1509, the Lairds of Grant were the Crown's Chamberlains over these lands,
for keeping the peace in these parts ; and had the revenues thereof for their
Salary, as the Governors of the Royal Fort or Castle of Urquliart had before '
them. The Castle of Urquliart, which is now in ruins, was the Seat of the once
powerful CuMYNs, and was bravely defended against the English, in 1303, and
1334. In the lower end of the valley, on the North side of the Bay of Urquhart,
opposite to the ancient Castle, are the remains of a small Religious House,
which belonged to The Knights' Templars ; and the place where it stood, is still
called Tlie Temple. The rivers are the Moriston, Etneric, and Coiltie, all of
which fall into Loch Ness : and in theif course, form several magnificent Cas-
cades, particularly at Moral in Corrimony, and at Divach near the lower end of
the Valley. There are considerable natural woods, both on The Earl of
Seafield's estate in Urquhart, and in Glen-Moriston ; and several large Planta-
tions have lately been made.. The climate is, upon the whole, moist, but
wholesome. Lime is much used as a manure ; and the Proprietors are desirous
of promoting improvements, both by premiums and example. The Roads, and
Bridges, are in good repair : and at Borlam, a substantial bridge of three arches
has been built over the river Coiltie by The Parliamentary Commissioner^.
The Salary of the Parochial School, Avhich is within half a mile of the Church,
is 300 merks, together with a house. School-fees, and some small perquisites.
The Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge have also a School in the
Braes of Urquhart, with a Salary of £'10., and £4. more to the Schoolmaster's
wife, as a Sewing-mistress: besides which, the Heritors find them in a house,
garden, grass for a cow, and fuel, and a small Sum is added by the Quarter pay-
ments. The Earl of Seafield has several neat houses, for occasional residence,
in this Parish. The House of Corrimony, situate at the Western extremity of the
Glen, is a good commodious building ; and the estate has been greatly improved
by James Grant, Esq., who has made many inclosures, and otherwise embel-
lished his seat. See, Inver-Moriston.
U R Q
URQUHART, partly in the Shire of Nairn, and partly in the Shire of Ross :
formerly a Vicarage, with the ancient Vicarage of Logie Wester united ; the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was 5 chalders of barley, and one of meal, 600 nierks
in money, and 100 merks for Communion elements : besides the glebe in the
neighbourhood of tlie manse, which was built in 1777, there is another adjacent
to the ruins of the old Church of Logie Wester, and within the improvements
at Concm-Side the Proprietors of which place have farmed it for a series of years
past: Patron, Mr. Forbes, o^Cidloden: The Church was lately re-built, in a
different and more eligible situation. It is in the Presbytery of Dingwall, and
Synod of Ross. The Resident Population of the United Parishes was.
In 1801. In 1811.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Nairn. - - 1610. 1510.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Ross. - - 2820. 2664.
4430. 4174.
It is 2 m. N. E. from Dingwall. This Parish is about 9 miles in length, and
from 3 to 4 miles in breadth : it lies along the Eastern side of the Firth of
Cromarty, and is terminated by the river Conan, which here discharges itself
into that arm of the sea. This Parish is divided amono; three Heritors : — At
Findon, in the Eastern division of it, as an old, but good house, belonging to Sir
Roderick Mackenzie, Bart., of Seattle ell ; which is pleasantly situate between
the Firth of Cromarty on one side, and a beautiful Oak wood on the other ; but
the Proprietor does not reside here : On this Estate, there is a Market
Town, on the high road from Dingwall, and the Ferry of Scuddale, to Cro-
marty : it is provided with an Inn ; and four Fairs are holden here annually : —
Tlie District of Ferintosh or Ferina Toshe, i. e. The Thane's Land, was accord-
ing to Mr. NiMMo, originally comprehended in the extensive County of Inver-
ness : it still pays Cess or Laud-Tax in that County. In the Fifteenth Century,
it was the property of the T/iane ofCALOER, who procured an annexation of
that, with other lands, to the County of Nairn ; accordingly, when the Shire of
Ross was erected in 1661, this District was excepted from it. At the abolition
of Hereditary Jurisdictions, this District came under the Jurisdiction of the
Sheriff of Ross ; but, in every other respect, it is considered as a part of the
Shire of Nairn ; a Justice of Peace, to act there, must be qualified for the Shire
of Nairn ; and the inhabitants are summoned to Head Courts, &c., to the Town
of Nairn. This inconvenience is peculiarly felt in the execution of the Excise
U R Q
laws. The Estate which now belongs to Forbks, ofCutloden, and who, as Baron
of Ferintosh, votes in Parliamentary elections for the County of Nairn, was at one
time ftiraous for enjoying the privilege of distilling the barley of its own growth
into Spirits, free of any duty ; and, although the right was purchased by Go-
vernment in 1780, yet, as the skill in the art still remains among the people, it
is no uncommon thing to see almost one-half of them summoned at once, to at-
tend the Courts of the Justices of Peace at Nairn. Again, by an unlucky acci-
dent, the Parish Church is situate within the Ferintosh Estate ; by which means,
in the Acts respecting the Militia, &c., the whole united Parishes of Wester
Logie and Urqiihart, which comprehend a considerable tract to the North and
South of Ferintosh, are reckoned in the County of Nairn, and thus an additional
population of one-third is given to that small County. This Estate is situate on
the South shore of the Conan river and the Firth of Cromarty, a little below the
Bridge ; its extent is about 8 square miles. The Boundary to the West is a
Burti which falls into the Conan near a Farm, called Titina' aicin, and which
passes immediately East of the old Castle of Kinkell. The boundai-y runs by
this Burn, across the high road from Kessock to Scuddale Ferry or Conan Bridge,
and to its sounce on the summit of the hill, near a very remarkable Druidical
circle. On tlie summit it extends North-East nearly 5 miles, keeping parallel
to, and about 2 miles distant from Conan, it then descends North to the road
from Fortrose to Dingwall, turns West by this road half a mile, and finally de-
scends to the shore, a little East from the Kirk of Urquhart. The extent along
the Shore may be about 2\ miles. To the North East of Ferintosh are the
Estates of Findon and Kinbeachy in the Shire of Ross, except in the Militia bu-
siness, when the former is reckoned in Nairn, and the latter in Cromarty.
To these succeed Tobirchurn and Craighouse, which, with many other Districts,
have been annexed to Cromarty ; but, in cases of Roads, Bridges, &c. are, with
Ferintosh, still considered as part of Ross. Beyond this, we find the Old She-
riffdom of Cromarty as mentioned in the Act of 1661, erecting the Shire of Ross,
and which, in many respects, is still considered a distinct Shire. See, Inver-
ness.'''' — At Concni-Side, is a handsome modern house, belonging to Sir Hector
Mackenzie, of Gairloch, and where he resides occasionally : it is situate on
the banks of the river Conan, and possesses many natural beauties, which have
of late been much improved : on this estate are plantations of firs and forest
trees, of considerable extent, and all of them in a flourishing condition. Besides
the Parochial School, there are two others, in the more remote districts of the
U R R
Parish, established by the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge, and
to the support of which, the respective Proprietors very laudably contribute.
Here are extensive Quarries of Free-stone. Fuel is expensive. The Gaelic is
the language commonly spoken, and universally understood in this Parish : the
English or Scottish is, however, generally understood by many of the inhabitants ;
and Divine Service is performed in both of these languages. At the South-West
extremity, on a high but level moor, are several tumuli. At the Eastern extre-
mity of the Parish, and opposite to Foitlis, is a Ferry, from whence it takes its
name: it is not much frequented, and is incommodious at low water, from the
shallowness of the shore : — towards the West end of the Parish on the river
Conan and beyond where the Tide at any time flows, is the Ferry of Scuddale,
on the Post Road from Beauly to Dingwall : — besides these Ferries, there is a
small Boat for foot passengers, which at high water, plies between Dingwall
and Ferintosh : — on the tide's retiring, and when the river is low, there is access
to Dingwall from this side of the water by different fords ; but this is a dangerous
passage.
URR, or ORR, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright : formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'83.. 6.. 8., together with £8..6..8. for Commu-
nion elements : the manse is in tolerable repair : the glebe consists of the legal
extent : Patron, The Crown : The Church is in good condition. It is in the
Presbytery, and Synod, of Dumfries. The Resident Population of this Parish,
in 1801, (including the Village of Dalbeattie) was 1719, and, in 1811, was 2-388.
It is 3|- m. N. E. from Castle-Douglas. This Parish contains nearly 12,000
acres. The soil is in general light, and productive. It is bounded by the Sol-
icayVwih on the South, and by the river Urr on the West which is navigable
for vessels of 60 tons burden up to the Village o^ Dalbeattie , at springtides. The
Climate is healthy. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks Scotch;
but the large extent of the Parish has occasioned even this small sum to be di-
vided. The great Military road, from Dumfries to Port Patrick, passes through
the Parish. Upon the banks of Loch Urr, the ancient and distinguished Family
of Seaton had a Castle, and a very large domain : and at this day the land-
holders, in that neighbourhood, have most of the old investitures of their estates
from the Seatons. Sir John Seaton, of Barnes, seems to have sold the remains
of the family property in Galloway, so late as the year 1596. Within the an-
cient domain of the Honourable family of Herries, are the ruins of several Ro-
man Catholic Chapels, and the tom -stones of those who perished by Military
U R R
eTeoution, di'rinn- the infatuated reiffn of Charlks the Second. These stones
have from time to time been kept in repair, by the friends of that cause in which
the siifTerers bled ; and whilst there was a Pretender to the throne of Britain,
each of these sepulchral monuments was to Government, as good as a consi-
derable Military force in this part of the country. The 3Toat o( Urr, which is
perhaps the largest work of the kind in Scotland, is situate on the West bank of
the river, about half a mile below the Church. This artificial Mount was, ac-
cording to tradition, a place of Judicature, or public assembly: and, when Gal-
loway was an independant State, this was the Court where the Refjnli, or
petty kings of that District, held their National Councils, and promulgated such
new laws and regulations as were found necessary from time to time to be
enacted : it was also the Seat of Judiiment, where capital offenders were tried.
At this time Galloway was divided into two Districts, namely above and below the
Water of Cree : and The Moat of Urr was then the great Court of Judicature
for the latter. This Moirnt greatly resembles that of the Tineioald, in The Isle
of Man, which was appropriated to the same uses. Mr. Gkose has preserved
two views of it.
URRAY, partly in the Shire of Ross, and partly in the Shire of Inverness:
formerly a Vicarage, with the Parish of Kill-Christ united: the Stipend of
which, in ISll, was 10 chalders of barley, and a glebe- the manse is old:
Patron, The Crown : The Church is an elegant and substantial building. It
is in the Presbytery of Dingwall, and Synod of Ross. The Resident Popula-
tion of this Parish, in 1801, was 2083, and, in 1811, was
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Ross. - 2534.
For that Part, which is in the Shire of Inverness. - 115.
2649.
It is 5 m. S. S. W. from Dingwall. This Parish is about 7 miles in length, and
from 3 to 6 miles in breadih : besides which, there is a Davoch of land belong-
ing to it in the Valley of Strath Conan, in the bosom of the Western Mountains,
at the distance of 18 Enylish miles : it is surrounded by the Parish of Conlin,
and farms a part of the Mission in that Parish. The soil is various ; but, on the
whole, is warm, dry, and productive. The roads, and bridges, are in good
repair. The climate is dry, and healthy, it is watered by the rivers Oria, and
Cunnn ; the latter of which abounds with salmon, and pike. The Parochial
VOL, 12. 5 G
U Y E
School is well attended : besides which, there is a Society's School that is very
useful. Brahun Castle, which is surrounded with extensive plantations,
is the principal residence ef Lord Seaforth. The Gaelic is the prevailing
language.
USAN, or ULYSSES'S HAVEN, in the Shire of Forfar ; and in the
Parish of Craig. This is a Fishing Village, upon the German Ocean, about
2 miles South-South-East from Montrose, to which Port it is subject. Here
is the commodious Mansion of Robert Spiers, Esq., which is surrounded
with fine Plantations, and an Estate of 394 Scotch acres, of good land. A consi-
derable quantity of Salt is made here. A quadrangular Tower, from 20 to 30
feet high, was built by the late Dr. Scoxr, of Diminald, as a land-mark for the
Fishing boats.
UXELLA, Mons, of Richard of Cirencester, v. OCHIL HILLS.
UXELLA, Urbs, of Richard of Cirencester, on the Wardlaic Hills, v. C AER-
LAVEROCK.
UXELLAM AMNEM, Statio, of Richard of Cirencester, v. ESK-DALE-
MUIR.
UYA, or UYEA, ISLE, one of the Shetlafd Isles ; and constituting part
of the Parish of North-Maven. It is situate to the Northward of Ronas
Hill, and is esteemed the most valuable Island, for feeding cattle or sheep,
of any belonging to this Parish. Here is a Fishing Station for 14 boats.
UYEA, ISLE, one of the Shetland Islands ; and constituting part of the
Parish of Unst. This is a small, inhabited Isle, situate to the Southward of
the Island of Unst, the extreme Northern Island of The British Dominions,
and forms a safe Harbour, called Uyea Sound. It is said, that the common
house mouse has not yet found access to this Island ; the bat is also quite
unknown ; and the untravelled natives have never seen either frogs, or
toads, and indeed have no idea of the appearance or nature of those animals.
V E H
V.
VaaKSAY, isle, v. HARRIS.
VAILA, ISFiE, one of the Shetland Isles; and constitulin* part of the
Parish of Walls. This Isle, which is about a mile in extent each way, lies at
the entrance of a secure Sound, to which it gives name ; though it may more
properly be denominated a Voe, or inlet, as it runs about a mile within land.
John Scott, Esq., o{ Melbie, the principal Heritor of the Parish, is resident
here. The Harbour is much frequented.
VAIN, CASTLE, v. FEARN.
VAIR ROCKS, V. UNST, ISLAND.
VALEY, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles; and constituting part of the
Parish of Sand.-ting. It is situate to the Southward of the Parish, and gives
name to a Sound which affords safe anchorage for Fishing Sloops.
VALLAFIELD, v. UNST, ISLAND.
VALLAY, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inverness : it consti-
tutes part of the Parish of North Uist. This is an Island only at high water,
which is separated from the North shore, when the tide is out, by a sand two
miles broad. It is a mile and a half in length, and nearly half a mile in breadth ;
and the soil is for the most part sandy. It is beautiful, and fertile in corn and grass,,
when the Snmn.cr is rainy, but yields very little of either when the Season is the
reverse. In the Winter, and Spring, it is quite barren, the surface being covered
with sand, which a gale from the North- West never fails to blovv over it.
VALLEYFIELD, in the Shire of Perth, though locally situate in the Shire
"of Fife ; and in the Parish of Culross. This is a modern, elegant, and com-
modious House, pleasantly situate on the Northern bank of the Forth, and b^-
lonsiny,- to Sir Charles Preston, Bart.
VANDUARIA, Urbs, of Richard of Cirencester, v. ABBEY PARISH of
PAISLEY.
VARAR, jEstuarium, of Richard of Cirencester, the Moray Firth.
VARIS, Stciho, of Richard of Cirencester, v. FORRES.
VASAY, V. SHAPI\SAY, ISLAND.
VEHEMENTRY, ISLE, one of the Shetland Isles; and constituting part
5G2
V I G
of the Parish of Sandsting. It is appropriated to the pasturage of cattle, and
sheep.
' VERUBRIUM, Promonforwm., v. FAR.
VICTORIA, Civitas, of Richard of Cirencester, v. DEALGIN ROSS.
VIGEAN'S, ST., in the Shire of Forfar : formerly a Vicarage, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was 11 bolls and 1 firlot of wheat, 47 bolls 3 firlots 1 peck
3 lippies and f of a lippie of bear, and 80 bolls and 1 firlot of meal, at 7 stones
per boll, £'31..0..1i Sterling, as Vicarage, and £'8.. 6.. 8. for Communion ele-
ments : the manse was built in 1663, and is in bad repair : the glebe consists.of
6 acres, of very indifferent land : Patron, The Crown : The Church is built in
the form of a Catliedral, and is dedicated to St. Vigean. It is in the Presbytery
of Aber-Brothock, and Synod of Angus and Mearns. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, (including the Fishing Village of Auchmithie) was 4243,
and, in 1811, was 4953. It is 1 m. N. from Aber-Brothock, and comprehends a
great part of the Suburbs of that Town. This Parish contains about 9385 Scotch
acres, including the two detached estates of Hospital- Fie Id, and Inver- Pejf'or ;
the whole of which are arable, and mostly inclosed, except about 700 or 800
acres of improvable muir, and plantations. The surface is tolerably level, risking
on both sides from the small river Brothock, which divides it nearly into two
equal parts. The soil is various ; but, upon the whole, it is fertile, and well
cultivated. Most of the Estates in this Parish formerly belonged to The Abbey
of Arbroath, and were sold by Cardina} Beaton, or given to his friends and rela-
tions. A variety of Services, and horse corn, are retained in some of the estates,
which are ali-o thirled to particular Mills. The Salary of tlie Parochial School
is £100. Scotch, together with Scliool-fees, and perquisites, a gooddwelling, and
School-house, and a small garden. The manufacture of linen cloth, called Osna-
bvrghs, is carried on to a great extent here. The climate is healthy. Upon the
coast, there are several large caverns: one of them, called The Maiden Castle
Cave, is 231 feet long, and from 12 to 24 feet broad, with a spring of fine, but
exceedingly cold water, at its farther end ; and this was wont to be used by The
Mason Lodge of Arbroath, as the place for admitting new Members, and whither
they walked in procession every year on St. John's day. The Roads are in q^ood
repair. St. Vigean, whoiic grave is shewn to .strangers in thisChurch-yard,is said to
have resided, for sometime, about three miles from the place where the Church
stands, at a Farm called Grange of Conan, where the vestiges of tiiis Chapel,
27 feet long and 15 feet broad, still rcuiaiu ; and within a few yards of it, is a
W A A
copious Spring of excellent water, called S/. Vigean's Welt. It is also worthy
of observation, that the South side of the Church of Arbroath, for about 10 feet
at the East end, and a few feet on the West, stands in this Parish ; and not
many years ago, the Minister and School-master of Arbroath resided in it,
VIRVEDRUM Promontorinm, v. DURXESS.
VOGRIE, ill the Shire of Edinbuiigh ; and in the Parish of Borthwick. A
Vina2:e, at the distance of 3 miles South- East by South from Dalkeith. Here is
a small School, with a Salary of £3.. 1..0., arising from a Sum mortified by a
Sir James Mac Lurg : and a School-house has hitherto been furnished by
Mr. Dewar, of Vogrie, as the Institution seems to have been chiefly intended for
the Children of those persons who reside upon his Estate. This is one of the
Prebends, which belonged to The Collegiate Church of Crichton.
VO PERSAY, ISLE, v. HARRIS.
VUIAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, v. BRACADALE.
w.
Wa a L, v. WESTRAY, ISLAND.
WAAS, or WAES, in the Island of Hoy, and in the Shire of Orkney and
Shetland : formerly a Vicarage, united to the ancient Vicarage of Flota and
Faray; the Stipend ofwliich, in 1811, was £25..2..2j., paid by Mr. Moodie, of
Melsetter, and also £'2.. 4.. 5. paid by him for Communion elements, £8.. 6.. 8 in
money, paid out of the Bishoprick, 28 meils of malt paid also out of the Bishoprick,
a glebe, and a manse : Patron, Lord Dundas : The Church, which formerly
stood at The Kirkhnpe, was re-built about the year 1743, in a more central situ-
ation on the South side of Tlie Longhopp, and is in good repair. It is in the
Presbytery of Cairston, and Synod of Orkney. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801. (containing the North, and South Sides) was 709, and, in 1811,
was 769. This Parish constitutes part of the Island of Hoy, and, in all proba-
bility, derives its name from the word Voes, which, in the ancient language of
these Islands, signify such Creeks or Bays as penetrate far into the land , and in
these, the East side of the Parish abounds ; two of them are called Lyartcoe, and
Ihitrvoe. The West and North parts of this district are mountainous, and
W A L
afford pasture for some thousands of sheep, together with a number of horses
and black cattle. Towards the East and Sofilh, the land is more low, more
level, and of a much better s. i! ; which produces grain of the onlinary kinds,
but of a superior qmlily to what is raised in other places in the Comity. The
Lyar Bird abounds here in the season of incubation, when they are taken ia
great numbers. Commodore James Moodie, who disJingnished himself in the
service of Her Majesty Queen Anne, was a native of this Parish ; and, who. at
an advanced age, was basely murdered in the streets of Kirkwall, by the hand of
an hired assassin. This Parish derives great benefit from the excellence of its
Harbours ; these are, the Orehope, the Kirkhope, and particularly the Lon^Z/ojae;
which, for readiness of access, and extent of accommodation, is unequalled ; and
this seems now to be generally admitted, for the ships tliat have occasion to visit
these Northern Reg-ions, instead of resorting in crowds to S'romness, as they
have done for centuries past, are daily preferring the Long/tope, as in every
respect better suited to their advantai'e and convenience.
WALLACE HALL, v. CLOSLBURN.
WALLACE-TOWN, in the District of Kyle, and Shire of Ayr: in the
Parish of St. Quivox. This is a populous, and increasing Village, built by the
late Sir Thomas Wallace, of Croigie, near the North end of the old Bridge of
Ayr. It is principdly inhabited by Colliers, and Weavers.
WALLIFORD, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of Inver-Esk.
It is 1| m. E. S. E. from Musselburgh. This Estate, which was formerly pos-
sessed by the Binning.?, a family of some note in the law, one of whom was a
Lord of Session about the year 1672, and built the present Mansion-house, ao\r
belongs to James Finlay, Esq. See, Inver-Esk.
WALL PATH, V. DURIS-DEER.
WALLS, V. W A AS.
WALLS, in the Mainland, and in the Shire of Orkney and Shetland:
formcrlv a Vicarage, consisting of the United Parishes of Walls, Sand-JVess,
Papa Stour, and Foula; the Siipend of which, in 1811, was £16^ Srolch of
calf Teind. £84-^. Scotch of boat Teiiid, £30.. 17. .8. Sterling of corn Teind and
vniLolh corn Teind of Walls, Sand-Ness, and Foula, 104 lispuiids C-i- merks of
butter, 12'3 lambs, 15 lispuiids 9 merks of wool, and the whole corn Teind of
Papa in the drawn sheaf, which amounts, communibiis annis, to £12. : the manse
was built in 1780, and is neat and well finished : the glebe consists of 7 merks :
Patron, Lord Dundas : The Church of Walls was built, in 1746, and is very
W A L
commodious, and well finished in the seatin":, being all pannelled work. It is
in the Presbytery ofSiiellaiul, and Synod of Orkney. Tlie Resident Population
of the Pari.shes of Walls. Sand-ne.ss, and Papa-Stoiir, in 1801, was 1817, and,
in 181 1, was 1(J82. The Parishes of Walls and Sand-Ness are about 7 Scotch
miles in length, and 6 miles in breadth: they arc much intersected with Voes
or inlets of the Sea, which aflbrd safe anchorage to the Fishing vessels. The
surface of the erround in Walls, is diversified with small eminences. Throu2:hout
the whole Union, the soil is rather thin, and sharp ; and, being mostly cultivated
with the spade makes, in general, very good returns, in the inland parts of the
Parishes a deep moss prevails, and a short heath, affording pasturage for great
numbers of sheep a d horses, the latter of which run uild. The ground, towards
the sea, is hard and verdant ; and hither the sheep repair in the incletnency of
winter, to feed on the sea-need. The Climate is moist, but not unhealthy. Not
much kelp is made on these coasts. The Fisheries are principally attended to
here. Limestone, free-stone, and slate, are found in the Parish of Sand-Ness,
but they are of an inferior quality. There is a Parochial School in Walls, with
a legal Salary, together with a modification of 40s, per annum by The Rev. Mr.
BucHAN. Peats are the general fuel vi hich are easily procured, and are excellent
of their kind. There are the remains of eight Picls' Houses, in tliis Ministry.
Sea-fowls are exceedingly various, and plentiful. Several young men are en-
gaged every spring from hence, by the Greenland ships.
WALSTON, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : formerly a Vicar-
age, the Stipend of vvhich, in 1811, was £'60.. 2. .7i Sterling, including X'8..6..8.
for Communion elements, 13 bolls 2 firlots 3 pecks If lippie of meal, 3 bolls of
bear, and £'79.. 10. 11. by Parliamentary augmentation, and a glebe : the manse
is in tolerable repair : Patron, Mr Lockhart, oi Lee and Carnwath : The Church
is in decent condition. It is in the Presbytery of Biggar, and Synod of Lothian
anrf Tweeddale. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 383,
and, in 1811, was 377. It is 5 m. E. b. S. from Carnwath. This Parish con-
tains about 3000 Scotch acres ; of which, 2000 are arable, and tolerably fertile,
the remainder being heath and marshy ground, and appropriated to pasture.
The air is exceedingly moist, but not unhealthy. Early frosts are often very
destructive. Upon the summit of one of the hills, are the vestiges of a cir-
cular encampment.
WALTON, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Killmadock. The
Chapel is demolished.
WAN
WALTON HILL, v. CULTS.
WAMPHRAY, in ihe Sliire of Dumfries: formerly a Rectory, the Stipend
of which, in 1811, was one chalder of oat-meal, and £140. in money : the glebe
consists of more than the legal extent ; Patron, The Eavl of Hopetoun, who is
also the principal Heritor : The Church is in tolerable repair. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Lochmaben, and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was 423, and, in 1811, was 481. It is 9 m. ». S. E. from
Moffat. This Parish is about 5 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth: the
North-Eastern extremity is mountainous, but that part which lies along the
river Annan, is fertile, and well cultivated. Great improvements in agriculture
Lave lately been made here, from the judicious encouragement given to the tenants
by The Earl of Hopetoun : by the last leases, they are relieved from the pay-
ment of innltii re, and the miller is now piid for his work, about a Tliirlhielhpa.rt
of the meal. The situation of the Church, and manse, on the winding banks of
the IVampIiray, water, in a deep and v o')dy recess, is singularly romantick.
The air is moist, but not unhealthy. Attempts have been made, but without
success, to find coals, and lead. The Saliry of the Parochial School is 300
merks, and perquisites. The Mail-Coach, between Glasgow and Carlisle, runs
through the Parish daily. Songs are still sun;^- here, descrip'ive of the barbarous
deeds and bloody feuds of some former age, of which this Parish was the scene.
At Girth-Head, there is a small Roman post ; and there are .'till ihe vestiges of
a Roman road, by the side of which, a few large stones, each about 5 feet high,
are still standing, nearlj at the distance of a Scotch mile from one another, and
are, therefore, supposed by some persons to have been Roman mile-stones: near
one of them, Charles the Second is said to have passed the niglit on his way
to England, a little before the battle of Worcester. There is also a Druidical
circle almost entire. There are considerable tracts of wood, chielly around the
old Castles of Wamphray, and Lochunol ; the laiter of which, is the old family
seat of the Lords of Annandale. At Sienries Ilill, is the neat residence of Mr.
Andkr on
WANDEL, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : an ancient Parish,
now anne.xed to the Parish of Lamington. It is 8^ ui. S W. b. S. from Biggar.
This Barony contains about 5000 acres : of which, about 900 are arable, the
remainder being high land, and appropriated to the pasturage of sheep. It
belongs to Lord Douglas. The Salary of the School-master is only i;2..-5..6j
Sterling. The glebe consists of 6 acres. Here were two ancient Towers.
WAT
WANLOCK-HEAD, in the Shire of Dumfries ; and in the Parish of San-
quhar: Here is an Ordained Clergyman, who preaches and dispenses the Ordi-
nances of Religion to the Miners. This is a considerable Village, situate on
the Southern bank of the Wanlock Water, and at the distance of 2 m. S. S. W.
from Lead-Hills. Here are rich, and extensive mines of lead. There is a Pri-
vate School ; and the Miners have established a Subscription Library, and
laudably employ themselves in reading, at their leisure hours. It is the property
of The Marquis of Queensberry.
WARD, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of Aberdeen: in the Parish of
Cruden. This is a small Fishing Village, on the German Ocean, where
a tolerable Harbour might easily be made ; it is the Eastern boundary of
the Bay of Ardendraught, which extends about two miles along the coast,
with a beach of fine sand, and a pretty large field o^ bent at the back of it.
WARD-HOUSE, v. KINNETHMONT.
WARDIKES, CAMP, v. KEITHOCK.
WARD LAW, V. ETTERICK.
WARDLAW, V. KIRK-HILL.
WARDLAW HILL, v. CAERLAVEROCK.
WARLAW, V. COLDINGHAM.
WARRISTON, V. CURRIE.
WATER-HAUGHS, v. GALSTON.
WATERNISH, v. SNIZORT.
WATER of LEITH, in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and in the Parish of
St. Cuthbert. This is a Suburb of the City of Edinburgh, on the North- West.
WATERSAY, ISLAND, one of the Hebrides, and in the Shire of Inver-
ness : it constitutes part of the Parish of Barray, from which it is separated by a
Channel of one mile in breadth, and is inhabited. It is about 3 miles long, and
in some places a mile and a half broad, and is divided into two Farms, called
Watersay, and Kyles. Here are two Danish Dims. In this Island is a very
commodious Harbour, for Ships of any burden ; it is accessible from the South-
East, between the Islands of Sanderay, and Muldonich or The Deer Inland.
WATTIN, in the Shire of Caithness : formerly a part of the Parish of Bower,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £75..10..0. Sterling, 20 bolls of oat-meal,
12 bolls of bear, and £40. Scotch for Communion elements, together with a
glebe of about 12 acres, part of which is of a very indifterent quality : the manse,
and offices, were re-built in 1782 : Patron, Sir John Sinclair : The Church was
VOL. II. 5 H
W A U
repaired in 1784. It is in the Presbytery of Caithness, and Synod of Caithness
and Sutherland. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1246,
and, in 1811, was 1109. It is 10 m. N.W. from Wick. This Parish is about
9 computed miles in length, and about 7 miles in breadth. The soil is, in gene-
ral, of an excellent quality, consisting of a deep rich loam, clay, and a mixture of
sand and clay ; and in the neighbourhood of the moors and mosses, of which there
is great extent, it is for the most part very light. The air is sharp and pure, and
the climate although very changeable, is nevertheless very healthy. The Loch of
JVutlin is a large and beautiful sheet of water, extending 3 miles in length, and
nearly 2 miles in breadth : it abounds with trout and eels ; and is much fre-
quented by various aquatic birds. The Salary of the Parochial School is one
chalder of oat-meal, and 50 merks in money ; but the several Heritors pay their
proportion of the victual, at the rate of £5. Scotch, per boll : the Master is also
supplied with a School -house. Unlimited Services are nearly abolished here.
The roads are in tolerable repair. At Sten-How, near the Church, is a great
rock upon a green spot of ground, which is said to be the sepulchral monument
of LioTus, Earl of Orkney.
WAUCHOPE, in the Shire of Dumfries : an ancient Parish, now compre-
hended in the Parish of Half- Morton : The Church-yard here is still in use. It
is 4 m. S.W. from Langholm. In WaucJiope-Dale, there are three medicinal
Springs, one of which is of a Suljjhiireoiis, and the other two of a Chalybeate
quality : they are all resorted to with success, particularly the sulphureous spring,
and Tlie Grains Well, which is a very strong chalybeate. TVattchope Castle,
where the old manse stood, was the^rsH'esidence of the Lindsays, in Scotland.
It appears froin history, that they originally came into this Country with Malcolm
Canmore from the Manor o{ Lindsai, in the County of Essex, about the begin-
ning of the Twelfth Century. Having ingratiated themselves with that Prince,
when in England, he brought them in his retinue, and conferred upon them the
lands of JVatichope-Dale , &c. ; and from them it is supposed, that the family
of Crawford, and the other Noble families of that name, deduce their origin.
It is situate on a steep precipice, upon the beautiful and romantic banks of the
river Waiichope ; and in former times was a place of great strength. Sec, Lang-
holm, and Half-Morton.
WAUCHOPE, in the District of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the
Parish of South-Dean. It is situate on the East side of a stream, to which it
gives name, at the distance of eight miles SE. b. E. from Hawick.
WEE
WEATIIS, CASTLE, v. PRESTON.
WEDALE, «. STOW.
yVED\)VAi\M]RN, formerly EASTER POWRIE, in the Shire of Forfar;
and in the Parish of Muirhouse. This Estate is the property of the Wedder-
BURNs, whose surname was originally vScrymseour, the Representative of the
Noble Family of the Scrymseours of Didlhope and Dundee : having assumed the
name of Weoderburn, when called to the succession of the Wedderburns, of
Easter Poivrie, where there are the remains of an ancient Castle, once the resi-
dence of Gir.cHRisT, Thane of Angus, from whom all the Ogilvies in Scotland
are said to be descended. Henry Wedderburn, Esq., now the Proprietor,
enjoys the high office of being Hereditary Royal Standard-Bearer of Scot-
land. See, Dundee.
wedderholm, v. unst, island.
WEDERLEY, in the Shire of Berwick : a Chapclry, appendant to the
Vicarage of Home. This was formerly the name of a small territory, and village,
which belonged, in 1258, to Robert de Poulsworth, Knight. It still continues
the name of an estate, and mansion-house, in the Parish of West Struther. vSee,
Home and West Slriitfier.
WEEM, in the Shire of Perth : formerly a Rectory, the Stipend of which, in
1811, was 64 bolls of victual, and .£66.. 3.. 7. in money, including the allowance
for Communion elements : the manse was built in 1744, and is very inconvenient :
the glebe consists of about 3|- acres of arable land, of a good light soil, and about
an acre of pasture and meadow, together with a garden of a quarter of an acre :
Patron, Sir Robert Menzies, Bart. : The Church was built in 1609, and is much
too small for the congregation. It is in the Presbytery of Dunkeld, and Synod of
Perth and Stirling. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, was 1337,
and, in 1811, was 1372. It is 1 m. N.W. from Aberfeldy. This is a very exten-
sive Highland Parish, but is so intermixed with the neighbouring Districts, that
po accurate idea can be given of its maonitude. The surface is mountainous and
rugged, and is watered by the rivers Tay, Lyon, Lochay, and Dochart. A
District of this Parish, called The Twelve Merk-Land oi Adimore, lies at the
South -West corner of Loch- Tay, and another Twelve Merk-Land, called Cran-
nich, is situate about the middle of it on the North side. All the lands hold of
the ancient and respectable family of Menzies. Loch Tay is 15 miles in length
and about one mile in breadth, and abounds with salmon, trout, char, pike, and
perch : there are also two lakes in the District of Roro, in Glen Lyon, each of
5H 2
WEE
which is more than a mile in length, and about half a mile in breadth, and afford
a variety of trout in great abundance. The great Military road, from Stirling to
Inverness, runs through this Parish, and is joined by several Country roads at
Tay-Bridge, which is about half a mile from the Parish Church. The air is
pure, and healthy. Game, of various kinds, are in plenty. Fuel is expensive.
The whole Parish, except one Farm belonging to Mr. Menzies, of Ciildares, is
the property of The Earl of Breadalbane, and Sir John Menzies, Bart., of
Wenzies: the latter of whom has his principal residence at Castle Menzies, a hand-
some edifice, romantically situate at the foot of the Northern side o( Strath Toy,
and finely adorned with extensive plantations. The Gaelic language is com-
monly spoken here. It was formerly usual for the Ministers of Weem and Ken-
more to officiate, the latter every fifth Sunday, and the former four times a year,
at Lowers, on the North side of Loch Tay, where there is a pretty good Chapel
which was built by the Earls of Breadalbane : But, a few years ago. The
Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge, out of a fund bequeathed to them
by the late Lady Glenorchay, for the purpose of encouraging religion and
industry on the estate oi Breadalbane, settled two Missionary Ministers, who
officiate at Laxcers and at Ardeonaig on the South side of Locli Tay: they are
allowed £25. per annum by The Society, and as much more by The Earl of
Breadalbane, with a house, and piece of land, in name of a glebe. This esta-
blishment precludes the necessity of the Ministers of Weem and Kenmore
preaching at Latvers, and the Minister of Killin from preaching at Ardeonaig.
The Ministers of Forlingal, and Weem, still officiate in Glen Lyon ; the former,
once in five or six weeks, the latter, five or six times a year, at a place about 20
statute miles from the Church at Weem ; where a good Chapel was built, a few
years ago, by the voluntary contributions of the inhabitants of that valley, and
some small donations from a few of the neighbouring gentlemen : about one-
fourth of the inhabitants of Glen Lyon are Parishioners of Weem, and have long
been remarkable for an exemplary conduct, derived from their Illustrious Chiefs.
The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks, together with School-fees, and
perquisites, a good School-house, dwelling, and a small garden. There are also
three other Schools, which are supported from a fund of 6000 merks Scotch,
mortified for that purpose by Mr. Archibald Campbell, first Presbyterian Min-
ister of this Parish, who was admitted about the year 1703: the interest of this
sum only is employed according to the deed of mortification, for the maintenance
of three Schools in the most remote parts of the Parish, being about £5..11..1|.
W E M
to each of tliem : this sum, when it was first given about the year 1740, was
suflicient for supporting a youth to teach during seven months in the year, wliich,
at that time, was all that was required, as the inhabitants dispersed through the
hills with their cattle in the Month of May, and the Schools did not convene until
the harvest was finished : but, since sheep-farming was introduced, the people
remain at home the whole year, and the schools are consequently of the same
importance in summer as in winter. The Society for Propagating Christian
Knowledge, therefore, with their accustomed liberality, allow tlie school at Roro,
in Glen Lyon, £5. per annnm, in addition to the former salary, which enables
the Master to teach through the greatest part of the year. These three School-
masters act likewise as Catechists. The most remarkable Mountain, of which
a part belongs to this Parish, is that oi Ben Laivers, situate on the Northern bank
of Loch Tay, and rising in a conical shape to the height of 4015 feet above the
level of the sea, by actual measurement. See, Glen Lochay.
WEIR, ISLAND, one of the Orkneys, and constituting part of the Parish of
Rousay : The Church is ruinous, around which is a Church-yard where the
graves are of an unusual size. It is divided from Rousay by Weir Sound,
which affords good anchorage. This is a small low Island, about two miles
long, and one mile broad : the soil is good, but the cultivation is very indifferent.
Here is abundance of peat-moss. Great quantities of sea-weed are thrown up
here ; and, on the rocks at the West end of it, seals are numerous. At a little
distance from the Church, upon an eminence, are the ruins of the Castle of Ciib-
herotc, which Avas built by Kolbem Hranga, an Orkney Gentleman, about the
middle of the Twelfth century ; it afterwards stood a siege of some months, but
was not taken. There are no rats here.
WEISDxlLE, in the Mainland, and in the Shire of Orkney and Shetland :
An ancient Parish, constituting part of the Union of Tingwall. See, Tingicall.
WELL-BANK, v. GAIGIE, EASTER.
WELLTON, or WALLTOWN, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish
of Cupar. This is a small Village, at the distance of 2^^ m. N. E. from Cupar.
WEMYSS, EASTER, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife : for-
merly a Vicarage, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 64 bolls of meal, 32 bolls
of bear, £50. in money, and £8.. 6. .8. for Communion elements: the manse was
built, in 1791, in a capital style : the glebe contains between 8 and 9 acres of
inclosed land, and a garden : Patrons, The Town Council of Edinbur^fh : The
Church is now re-building. It is in the Presbytery of Kirkaldy, and Synod of
W E M
Fife. The Resident Population of this Parish, in 1801, (containing the Villages
of Buckhaven, East and West Coaltowns, Methil, Easter Wemyss, Wester
Wenayss, and the Country District, including Kirkland) was 3264, and, in 181 1,
was 3C91. It is 13 m. N. E. from Dysart. No Market. The Fair is holden
on the second Wednesday in September. Here is a considerable Brewery. The
village of Easter Wemyss is situate on the Northern Coast of the Firth of Forth,
but the harbour is insecure, and is only used for Fishing Boats. A great quan-
tity of linen is manufactured here. The air is often damp and cold, especially
when the wind is from the East, but it is not unhealthy. In 1705, George Earl
of Cromarty, in testimony of his great affection and honour to the memory of
Margaret, Heiress and Countess of Wemyss, and Countess of Cromarty, his
deceased Lady, mortified a small sum of money for founding a Stipend to a Ca-
techist, for instructing the Colliers and Sailers, and others in the Parish of
Wemyss; the Salary is £2-50..3..4. .S'co/c/« in money, and the interest of £50.
Sterlinrj: the gift of presentation is in the family of Wemyss, to be approved by
the Minister and Kirk-Session. The Salary of the Parochial School is 300 merks,
together with School-fees, and perquisites, a School-house, dwelling, and gar-
den. The Parish of Wemyss is about 6 miles in length, and 1^^ mile in breadth.
The surface rises precipitously from the shore, after which the whole Parish
stretches to the North and is almost level ; it then lakes a rise in the center, and
becomes level : it is all arable, and, in general, well cultivated. Here are the
ruins of an old Castle, commonly called Macduff's Castle, which is said to have
been built about the year 1057 by Macduff, who was created Earl of Fife by
Malcolm Canmore, and received other distinguished marks of Royal favour:
soon after the lands o{ Easter Wemyss were alienated from the family, and were
possessed by the Livingstones, and then by the Colvilles, of Ochiltree; but,
after two hundred years separation, they were again added to the estate of
Wemyss, by The Right Honourable John Earl of Wemyss, who was High
Comn)issioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, in 1641 ;
and all the lands of Wemyss-Shire now belong to General William Wemyss,
the lineal descendant of the ancient Earls of Fife.
WEMYSS, WESTER, in the District of Kirkaldy, and Shire of Fife: in
the Parish of Wemyss. It is 2 m. E. N. E. from Dysart. This is a Burgii of
Barony, belonging to General Wemyss, and is govered by two Baillies, a Trea-
surer, and Council. It is pleasantly situate on the Northern Coast of the Firth
oi Forth, -AiA has a good harbour. Here are se\eu Suit-pans. Coals are in
WES
great abundance, and considerable quantities are annually exported. The
Castle of Wester Wemyss is situate upon a Promontory, projecting- into the Firth
of Forth: it is of great antiquity, and has been rendered a commodious and mag-
nificent residence by the successive Proprietors. It is celebrated as the place,
where Queen Maky had her first interview with The Earl of Daunley, on the
13th of February 1505. The Lands of Wemyss-Shire belonged at a very early
period 1o the ancient Earls of Fife, one of whom, Gii.LiMicHEAr,, was witness to
the foundation-charter of the Abbey of Holyrood-llouse, in the year 1128 ; since
which time, the lands of Wester Wemyss have descended without interruption
in the Ancient and Noble Family of Wemyss ; and are now the property of
General William Wemyss, Representative in Parliament for the Shire of Fife,
who has greatly improved the Castle, and surrounded it with extensive and
flourishing Plantations. Wemyss gives the title of Earl to the Ancient and
Noble Family of Ciiarteris.
WEST -BURN, V. CAiMBUS-LANG.
WEST CHURCH, v. CUTHBERT'S, ST.
WESTER CRAIGS, v. TORPHICHEN.
WESTER FEARN, v. DORNOCH.
WESTER-HALL, v. WESTER-KIRK.
WESTERKER, v. WESTER-KIRK.
WESTER-KIRK, anciently WESTERKER, in the Shire of Dumfries:
formerly a Chapelry, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was 4 chalders of victual,
half meal, half barley, and £70.. 16.. 8. in money, including £8. .6.. 8. for Com-
munion elements : the manse was re-built in 1783, and is in good repair : the
glebe consists of about 19 English acres, all inclosed, together with a right of
pasturage for 44 sheep on the neighbouring farm o( Hirton- Hill : Patron, The
Duke of Buccleugh : The Church was re-built in 1788, and is one of the neatest
and best finished country Churches in the South of Scotland. It is in the Pres-
bytery of Langholm, and Synod of Dumfries. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, was G38, and, in 1811, was 698. It is 6 m. N. W. from Lang-
holm. This Parish contains 27,307 acres : the general appearance is hilly,
being partly covered with heath, though they are mostly green and dry, and
afford excellent pasture for sheep : along the banks of the Esk, the .soil is a light
and fertile loam, and well cultivated. The climate is moist, but not unhealthy.
The Roads, and Bridges, are in good repair : for which the Public are indebted
to the Patriotic exertions of the late Sir James Johnstone, whose attentions
WES
were unremitted in the general good. The Salary of the Parochial School is
300 merks Scotch, together with School-fees, and some small emoluments. On
the farm o^ Megdale, the property of The Duke of Buccleugh, there is a pit of
excellent shell marl ; and, in the year 1788, a rich mine of Antimony was dis-
covered on the estate of Glendonicyn or Glendenning, belonging to Sir James
Johnstone : this mine is worked to a considerable extent, and to accommodate
the Miners, the Proprietor has built a neat Village, called James-Toicn, which
is pleasantly situate on the banks of the Megrjef. In the writs of the family of
Glendonwyn, of that Ilk, there is a confirmation of a charter by Archibald
Earl of Douglas, mortifying certain of his lands in the Barony of Hawick, for
the foundation of a Chapel in the Parish of Westerker, with a suitable mainte-
nance for a Chaplain thereto /or the safety of the Souls of James late Earl of
Douglas, and Sir Simon Glendonwyn, who fell in the memorable battle of
Otterburn, in 1388: it is dated at Glendomcyn, on the 9th of December, 1391.
There are the vestiges of two ancient Castles aX Glendonwyn, and Wester-Hall;
and near the latter is the elegant seat of the same name, the occasional residence
of Sir William Pulteney Johnstone, Bart. The family of Wester-Hall have
all highly distinguished themselves; — the celebrated Mr. Pulteney, the undaunt-
ed and successful opposer of the corrupt Administration of Sir Robert
Walpole, was a descendant of it; — as was also the late Governor Johnstone,
whose bravery as an officer, and whose information and eloquence as a Senator,
are universally known. This Parish also gave birth to the gallant Admiral Sir
Thomas Pasley, who commanded the Van squadron in the glorious action of
Earl Howe, on the first of June, 1794. There are vestiges of Roman encamp-
ments on the summits of several of the hills.
WESTER KNOCK FIN, i;. STRATH GLASS.
WESTER, LOCH, in the Shire of Caithness ; and in the Parish of Wick.
This Lake communicates with the sea, and produces plenty of excellent salmon-
trout ; some of which are two feet in length, and are remarkable for flavour,
delicacy, and richness.
WESTER MOSS, in the District of Kelso, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the
Parish of Eckford. The Lint that grows here, was formerly in the highest repu-
tation, for the bluish cast which it acipiired, from the quality of the stagnated
water wherein it was steeped : but, since the Moss was drained, it has lost that
peculiar colour which enhanced its value.
WESTERN ISLANDS, v. HEBRIDES.
WES
WESTER-TOWN, in tlie Shire of Clackmannan ; and in the Parish of
Tillicoultry. This is a small Village, in which the Parochial School is kept.
WESTER-WOOD, v. KILLSYTII.
WESTFIELD, v. HALKIRK.
WESTFIELD, v. SPYNIE.
WESTFIELD, in the Shire of Renfrew : and in the Parish of Cathcart.
This is a small Village.
WEST-HALL, v. MUIRHOUSE.
WESTHALL, v. OYNE.
WEST-HAVEN, v. ANSTRUTHER, WESTER.
WEST-LEES, in the Di.strict of Jedburgh, and Shire of Roxburgh ; in the
Parish of Hob-Kirk. It is 4| m. S. W. from Jedbuigh.
WEST-MUIR, within the Jurisdiction of the City of Glasgow, and Shire of
Lanark : in the Barony Parish. This is a populous Village.
WESTNESS, V. ROUSAY, ISLAND.
WEST PANS, V. KINCARDINE.
WEST PANS, within the Jurisdiction of the Town of Musselburgh, though
locally situate in the Shire of Edinburgh ; and constituting part of the Parish of
Inver-Esk. It is called West Pans, because it is situate West of Preston Pans,
and is subordinate to the Custom-house there. Here are four Salt-Pans on the
Firth oi Forth, which are in full employ. Some years ago, there was a China
manufacture here.
WEST-QUARTER, in the Shire of Stirling ; and in the Parish of Falkirk.
It is 1| m. E. S. E, from Falkirk. Here is a Seat of Sir Thomas Livingstone,
Bart., of Bedlormie and West- Quarter, the lineal Heir to The Earldom of
Linlithgow and Callander, forfeited in 1715.
WESTRAW, HILL, v. PETTINAIN.
WESTRAY, ISLAND, one of the Orkneys; containing the Parishes of
St. Mary, and Cross Kirk, and to which is united the Chapelry of Papa Westray ;
the Stipend, in 1811, being 36 miels 2 settins of bear, paid in small parcels, in
the name of Vicarage bear teind, 4 miels 2 settins teind malt, 4 miels teind oat-
meal, 2 barrels and a half teind butter, sheep teind computed to be £'83., lamb
teind £18.. 7.. 0., calf teind £"3..]2..0., and money Stipend £300., all Scotch,
together with a manse, glebes, and a little kelp burned by the Minister: in the
month of August 1777, a decreet of modification was obtained from the Court,
but there is no decreet of locality : Patron, Lord Dundas : The Kirk of St. Mary
vol. n. 5 I
WES
is distant from the manse above 4 English miles ; Cross Kirk, is distant 3 miles;
and the Kirk or place of Worship in the Island of Papa Westray, is distant from
the manse between 8 and 9 English miles : the Minister preaches in these dif-
ferent parts of Worship by rotation, at least when the weather permits him to
pass the Ferry to Papa Westray. It is in the Presbytery of North Isles, and
Synod of Orkney. The Resident Population of the Island of Westray (containing
the North and West Parishes), in 1801, was 1424, and, in 1811, was 1396. It
is 20 m. N. from Kirkwall. As Westray terminates the cluster of Islands on the
North- West quarter, it probably derives its name from this circumstance. Its
shape bears some resemblance to a Cross, the body of which may be estimated
at eight, while its arms do not extend above five miles, and if reduced into a
form capable of measurement, it may contain about fourteen square miles.
Throuofh this whole extent, which stretches from South-East to North- West, it
forms a ridge, low on the shores, and gently elevated towards the middle ; and,
from South to North, on the West side, a range of pretty high hills forms its
boundary in that direction. The cultivated land, and the principal grass pas-
ture, are on the East end, and on the North and South shores ; a large portion
of it is on the South- West, where both are uncommonly fine ; and, as the waste
land lies in the middle of these tracts, what is on the West and Norlh-West is
inferior neither in quantity nor quality. Here is soil of every sort ; sand, clay,
loam, gravel, yarpha, or a mixture of clay and peat; as may easily be conceived
from the hill and dale, the low and elevated ground, that enter into its super-
ficial composition. There is abundance of peat-moss. Much corn is raised,
but of an indifferent quality; the grass is excellent for producing milk and
butter, and feeding black cattle ; and, in the strong rapid tides and boisterous
seas which encircle the Island in every quarter, there is such plenty offish of the
very best kind, that, when the weather is mild, and the sea so smooth that the
boats can get off to the fishing-ground, which lies at a considerable distance,
they seldom return without an ample reward for their labour. A few hands, of
late, have been employed in the lobster-fishing ; but the bulk of the people here,
as in other places, spend the winter in idleness, the spring in the culture of their
fields, and the summer, except during a few intervals that are employed in
fishing, in the manufacture of help ; in which their labour produces, at an
average, 300 tons annually. Though, on the East and South, there are two
Bays, where ships miy ride for some time in summer, the only Harbour that can
be depended upon, is that called Pier o' Wall, on the Norlh-East, and this is fit
WES
for small Vessels only : formerly, it aflbrded accommodalion for sliips of much
greater burden, and it is still sheltered in all directions ; but, from the blowing of
the sand, which of late has been very great, the water has become so shallow,
that ships which have occasion to put in here, are compelled to anchor in a more
open road farther out in the Harbour. The blowing of the sand has also spread
desolation over some of the most beautiful and best land, not only in this Island,
but also in Sanday. Along the shores, are some of those ruins denominated A'cfe'
Houses, Tumuli or Barrows are also not unfreqnent ; as arc the remains of
some Popish Chapels, for which the Inhabitants, until lately, showed no small
degree of veneration. Little farther ihan half a mile from the manse, appear two
graves ; one of them much larger than the other, the least being inclosed within
a circle of stones ; and bolh of them formed of four stones, placed at equal
distances from each other ; and Imman bones are frequently found near them : — ■
In two pretty extensive plains by the sea-side ; the one on the South, and the
other on the North side of the Island, the blowing of the sand has exposed a mul-
titude of graves, all of them formed in nearly the same manner ; and, though
tradition ventures to give no account of them, they have probably been the effects
of conflict and carnage in some remote period ; some of these graves to the North
have been opened, in which not only human bones and skeletons, in a reclining
posture, were discovered, but also warlike weapons, domestic utensils, and
several other articles, the use of which could not be ascertained with certainty.
Close by this dreary waste, is the pleasant Town of Waal, the name of which
has perhaps some reference to the event that must have long been perpetuated
in this field of slaughter. By the side of it, on the borders of a beautiful Loch
of fresh water, with a gentle declivity towards the sea, stands the noble ruinous
Castle of Naltland, which is believed, though erroneously, to have been built for
the reception of the unfortunate Marv, and her profligate paramour Bothvvell,
when their enemies drove them to the 'last extremity. Trenaby is the Seat of
John BAr.FOUR, Esq. : and Brough, is the hospitable Mansion of Mr. Stewart.
Here are three water-mills, and one wind-mill. Lord Dundas is the Superior.
This Island is entirely composed of sandstone and sandstone flag.
WEST STRUTHER, in the Shire of Berwick: formerly a Vicarage, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £101.. 14.. 0. Sterling, including £8.. 6.. 8. for
Communion elements, and £4..ll..8.for the lands of Wederley, £2..4..0.from the
lands o( Spottisicoode and Brimthurn, and £'49..17..0. by Parliamentary augment-
ation, besides a manse, and glebe : Patron, The Crown. It is in the Presbyterj
512
W H A
of Lauder, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident Population of this
Parish, in 1801, (comprising the Villages of West Struther, Wederley, and
Hounslovv) was 779, and, in 1811, was 822. It is 6f m. W. N. W. from Green-
law, This Parish is about five miles long, and four miles broad : it lies on the
South side of that range of hills, called Lammer-Muir, by which it is separated
from East Lothian^ about one half of the Parish is hilly, and fit only for pasture ;
the j-eraainder is flat, and is either under cultivation or susceptible of improve-
ment : the great London Road, by Coldstream, passes through the South-West
side of it for the space of about four miles, and then enters the Parish of Green-
law : the Cross roads are very bad. Poor's Rates are established here. The
Parish of West Struther is modern : in the Seventeenth Century, it was formed,
by uniting to the Parish of Bassendean the Lands of West Struther, and the ancient
territory of Spottiswoode, which had belonged to the Parish of Gordon : In 1647,
the Lands of West Struther, Spottiswoode, and others, were, upon a represen-
tation of their distance from the Church of Gordon, annexed to the Parish of
Bassendean : and, a new Church, having been built about the year 1649, upon
a more central site, at the Village of West Struther, gave its obscure name to
the Parish : implying, The Village in the Marsh. It appears, that this Marsh
was denominated IVest Struther, in contradistinction to another extensive Marsh,
at some distance. Eastward, which is now called Dogden-Moss. The Village
of West Struther has of late been considerably increased by a number of
houses, built on feus : each feu, along with a hou>e and small garden, has
generally two or more acres of land to supply the family with corn, and potatoes.
The Village of Wederley is much diminished within these Forty years. The
Village of HouNSLOw is entirely a new erection ; the first house ih it having
been built in the year 1775; it consists of feus granted by Mr. Home, of Bas-
sendean, and has very much improved the appearance of the country around, as
well as raised the value of the adjacent lands : it is situate on the great London .
road. The feuars in the Villages of West Struther, and Hounslow, have each
a privilege of peats for fuel in the mosses that are next to them. The Climate
of this Parish is considerably colder than the lower parts of the country : it is,
however remarkakly healthy. See, Bassendean, and Gordon.
WEST VOE, V. DUNROSS-NESS.
WEST- WATER, v. LANGHOLM.
WESTWOOD, V. TONDERGARTH.
WHALSAY, ISLAND, one of the Shetland Isles : formerly a Vicarage,
W H I
constituting part of the Union of Nesting. It is situate to the Eastward of the
Mainland. The Resident Population of this Island, and the Skerries, in 1801,
was 600, and, in 1811, was 613, See, Nesting.
AVHAPLE, PORT, v. SORBIE.
WHEAM, The, v. NEWLANDS.
WHEEL CIIUllCIl, in the District of Castletown, and Shire of Roxrurgh :
Tlie Church is now in ruins. It is situate at the head of the river Liddal, and
constitutes part of the extensive Parish of Castle-Town. See, Castle-Town.
WHINNYFOLD, in the District of Ellon, and Shire of .Aberdeen : in the
Parish of Cruden. This is a small Fishing Village, on the German Ocean.
WHISGILLS, V. CASTLE-TOWN.
WIIISTLEBERRY, v. KINNEFF.
WIIITEBURN, in the Shire of Linlithgow. This was of old a large por-
tion of the Parish of Livingston, until it was separated, in 1730, and formed
into a new Parish : For the purpose of erecting the Church ofWhiteburn,
money was raised by subscription, throughout Scotland, when so much more
was thus raised, as to buy land (in the Parish of Shotts), that rents yearly for
upwards of £120. Sterling, and which forms much of the Minister's Stipend ; to
this was added £28. .6.. 8. from the teinds of the Parisji, by a decree of the
Commissioners for Plantation of Kirks : there is also a glebe : the manse is
old, but in decent condition ; Patron : Sir William Augustus Cunyngharae,
Bart. : The Church is large, but wants much repair. It is in the Presbytery of
Linlithgow, and Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale. The Resident Population
of this Parish, in 1801, was 1537, and, in 1811, was 1693. It is 21 m. S. W.
from Edinburgh. A General Post-Office is established here. This Parish is
about 6 miles in length, and 3 miles in breadth. The surface is pretty level ;
and the soil is, in general, a loam, inclining to clay ; and, in some" places, with
a mixture of moss, on a strong clay or tilly bottom. Near the West end of the
Parish, is a high ridge, about two miles and a half long, and about a mile broad,
of a very deep barren moss, part of which, however, is known to contain a valu-
able seam of coals: except this sterile part, almost the whole Parish is under
tillage. The climate is damp, and cold, tlioigh not unhealthy. It is watered
by the Anion, and the Breich, and two rivulets called the Black and White
Burns. The proposed Canal, between Edinburgh and Glasgow, will pass
through a part of the Parish. Lime is easily obtained from the neighbouring
W H I
Parishes of Bathgate and Livingston : and several freestone Quarries are novr
worked. It is a Burgh of Barony.
WHITEBURGH, v. HUMBIE.
WHITE-CASTLE, v. GARVALD.
WHITE CASTLE, in the Upper Ward, and Shire of Lanark : in the Par-
ish of Libberton. It is Sj m. N. W. from Biggar. Here is a School, but without
any fixed Salary : the Master being employed by the inhabitants of this part of
tlie Parish, to teach their children, merely on account of their great distance from
the Parochial Schools of Libberton, and Quothquan.
WHITE GATHER THUN, in the Shire of Forfar; and Parish of Menmuir.
About five miles North-Westward from Brechin, are two Pictish camps, one of
[them called Tlie White, and the other The Brotcn Cather\Thnn: they are situate
on two contiguous Hills, that form the Eastern extremity of a small range,
which here runs parallel to, and at the foot of the Grampian Mountains ; on the
South side of the West Water, which falls into the North Esk at the Kirk of
Strickathrow. These posts stand at the distance of nearly an English mile from
each other : both are very remarkable, but especially the first, on account of the
hugeness of its rampart of stone. General Roy has preserved plans and sections
of them. pi. 47 and 48.
WHITEFARLANE, v. KILL-MO RY.
WHITEFIELD, in the Shire of Perth ; and in the Parish of Cargill. It is
8 ra. N. b. E. from Perth. Some years ago, an ineffectual search was made for
coals neartliis Village.
WHITEFORD, v. STRAITON.
WHITEHALL, v. CHIRNSIDE.
WHITEHALL, v. STRONSAY, ISLAND.
WHITEHAUGH, v. CASTLE-TOWN.
WHITEHILLS, in the Shire of Banff ; and in the Parish of Boyndie. This
is a considerable Fishing Town, situate on the Moray Firth, about half way
between the Towns of Banff, and Portsoy.
WHITEHILLS, CASTLE, «. GLEN-DO VAN.
WHlTi^HORN, a Royal Borough, having separate Jurisdiction, loc:illy
situate in the District of Machers, and Shire of Wigtown: formerly a Prebend,
the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £150. Sterling : the manse is in good repair :
the glebe consists of 7 acres, of very good land: Patron, The Crown : The
w n I
ChHrch stands upon part of the site of the ancient Priory, and is a commodious
place of Worship. It is in the Presbytery of Wigtown, and Synod of Galloway.
The Resident Population of this Town, and Parish, in 1801, (including The
Isle oi' Whitehorn) was 1904, and, in 1811, was 1935. It is 116 m. S. S. W.
from Edinburgh. The Market is well supplied. A General Post-OfTice is
established here. This Town is pleasantly situate on the Western side of the
Bay of IVif/foi-n, and consists principally of one well built street. It is governed
by a Provost, two B lillies, and 15 Counsellors ; and unites with the Royal
Boron ills of New Galloway, Wigtown, and Stranraer, in sending one Member to
Parliament. Whitehorn is a place of very great antiquity, having been the
Roman Siation, Leitcopliibia, ov Candida Casa, of BEDE,and the Capital of the
Novanles, who possessed all Galloway beyond the river Dee : and it was so
early the Seat of Religion, that, according to Mr. Pinkerton, the Bishopric of
Galloway or Whitehorn is the oldest in Scotland. The Cathedral, of which
there are now scarcely any remains, was founded in the Fourth Century by St.
Ninian, who dedicated it to Si. Martin. There was also a famous Priory of the
Premonstratensiun Order, which was founded, and very richly endowed, by
Fergus, Lord of Galloway. The air is dry, and healthy. The Salary of the
Parochial School is 300 merks, together with School-fees : besides which, there
are other two Schools. The tanning of leather has been carried on here for
several years to a considerable extent, and several cotton manufactures have been
commenced. — The Parish of Whitehorn is about 8 miles in length, and 4 miles
in breadth, occupying that extremity of the Peninsula of the Shire of Wigtown,
which is formed by the Bays of Wigtotni and Luce : the surface is diversified
with hills, and vallies ; and the soil is, in general, fertile, and the farms are
mostly inclosed, and well cultivated. There are very extensive Plantations,
which are in a flourishing condition. Here are considerable Quarries of very
fiqe variegated marble, and strong slate ; and there are many promising appear-
ances of lead, and copper mines, but as yet none have been worked. The ex-
tent of sea coast is about 9 miles ; the shore, near Burgh Head, is bold, and
every where rocky : the Bays are those of Port Allan, Port Tarrock, and The
Isle of Whitehorn : from Port Yarrock round Burgh Head, the tide flows close
along the shore three hours, and ebbs nine : and from The Ross of Kirkcud-
bright to The 3Iullo^ Gallouiay, it flows and ebbs six hours. Off" this coast, the
brave Admiral Elliot defeated the French squadron under Thurot, in 1760.
The Isle of Whitehorn contains a pretty large Village and has a good natural
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Harbour, improved by a Quay: the entrance is narrow, but the anchoring ground
is very safe : here one of His Majesty's Revenue Cutters is usually stationed ;
and from hence vessels sail to Whitehaven, and Workington in four Hours : to
The Isle of Man in three ; and to Dublin, Greenock, and Liverpool in eighteen.
Near the Isle of Whitehorn, are the ruins of a Church, with a Burying ground,
which is said to have been the y?rs^ Christian place of Worship in Scotland.
Upon the coast, are the remains of several Camps and Castles : especially at
Carghidoun, which covers about half an acre of ground ; — Castle Feather, which
covers nearly an acre ; — and at Burgh Head, there are ancient works that extend
over an area of three acres ; within a mile of the Town are the remains of the
Roman Camp. Castle Wigg, a venerable old edifice, is the family seat of Hugh
Hathorn, Esq. ; — and, at Tonderghie, Hugh Stewart, Esq., has built an
elegant modern Mansion, which commands an extensive view of England, and
ofThelsleofMan.
WHITE ISLAND, one of The Scilly Islands. This is a small Island, con-
taining only 50 acres. It is 2| m. W. from St. Mary's.
WHITE-KIRK, anciently HAMER, in the Shire of Hadington : formerly a
Rectory, comprehending the ancient Parishes of Aldham, an:/ Tyningham, the
Stipend of which, in 1811, was £'156. : Patrons, by turns, The Crown, in right
of White-Kirk, and The Earl of Hadington, in virtue of Tyningham: The
Church of Hamer, which was dedicated to The Virgin Mary, was early called
White-Kirk, from the iihiteness of its appearance ; and at length became, in the
popular tradition, the name of the Village, and Parish. It is in the Presbytery
of Dunbar, and Synod of Lothian and Tvveeddale. The Resident Population of
this Parish, in 1801, was 925, and, in 1811, was 957. It is 3i m. S E. b. S.
from North Berwick. During the Seventeenth Century, the Parish of White-
Kirk was augmented, by the annexation of the little Parish of Aldham : and, in
1761, to this United Parish was annexed the adjoining Parish of Tyningham.
The present Parish of White-Kirk, thus comprehending the ancient Parishes of
Tyningham, Aldham, and Hamer, is about 6 miles in length, and 4 miles in
breadth. It is bounded on the North, and East, by the German Ocean. The
surface is level, and the soil is in general a rich gravelly loam, very favourable
for agricultural purposes : and the whole is in a good state of cultivation. The
climate is dry, pleasant, and healthful. There are two established Schools in
the Parish ; one of them at White-Kirk, and the other at Tyningham. The
extent of the Sea Coast is about three miles: and, in the North part of it, is a
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number of rocks, which have been fatal to mariners at various times. See, Ald-
hani, and Tyningham.
WHITENESS, in the Mainland, and in the Shire of Orkney ant/ Shetland:
an ancient Parish, constituting part of the Union of Tingwall. See, Tingwall.
WHITESHEETS, The, v. AUCHTEllIIOUSE.
WHITESTONE BRIDGE, v. STRACIIAN.
WHITE WYND, HILL, v. DRYFE'S-DALE.
WHITSLADE, t;. LEGERWOOD.
WHITSOME, or WHITE'S-HOME, in the Shire of Berwick : formerly a
Rectory, the Stipend of which, in 1811, was £82, in money, £"8.,G..8. for Com-
munion elements, two small boUsof wheat, one chalder of barley, one chalderof
oat-meal, with two glebes, amounting together to 28 acres ; Patron, Stodart, of
Whitsome : The Church is very inconveniently detached both from the Village
and from the manse, and is ill seated, narrow, and incommodious. It is in the
Presbytery of Chirnside, and Synod of Merse and Teviotdale. The Resident
Population of this Parish, in 1801 (comprehending the two ancient Parishes of
Whitsome, and Hilton, which were united in the year 1735) was 560, and, in
1811, was 536. It is 7 m. N, from Coldstream. The United Parishes are about
4i miles in length, and 2\ miles in breadth. The land under cultivation is
mostly a deep rich clay, but there is a considerable extent of moory and mai'shy
ground. This Parish belongs to a number of Proprietors ; none of whom reside,
except Joshua Tait, Esq., of Langrigg, an estate of 186 acres English measure,
which is skilfully cultivated, and gives a vote for a Member of Parliament ; it
pays only 6s. .Sd. to the Minster. The Village of Whitsome, the only one now
in the United Parishes, is very inconsiderable, and has no trade, nor manufac-
ture of any kind. It is watered by the small river Leet.
WHITTINGH AM in the Shire of Haddington. This Parish formed of old
two Chapelries, which were subordinate to the Church of Dunbar ; the Lower
part of the Parish was served by the Chapel of Whittingham ; and the Higher
part, in the Lummer-Muir, was served by the Chapel of Penshiel : and those
two Chapels constituted two of the Prebends of the Collegiate Church, when it
was settled under that form, in 1342 : the Stipend, inlSll, being £150., together
with a good garden, and a glebe : the manse, and offices, are in good order :
Patron, Hay, of Z>n