THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 m 
 
 1 
 i i i. 
 
 00 
 
 
 
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 UJ 
 CO
 
 THE STORY 
 
 OF 
 
 RUSH EN CASTLE 
 
 AND 
 
 EUSHEN ABBEY, 
 
 THE ISLE OF MAN. 
 
 BY THE 
 
 REV, J, G, GUMMING, M,A,, F.G.S., 
 
 HEAD MASTER OP THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL OP KING EDWARD VI., LICHFIELD. 
 
 LONDON : 
 BELL & DALDY, FLEET STREET. 
 
 1857.
 
 R. MASON, PRINTER, HIGH STREET, TENET.
 
 :DA 
 
 630 
 
 TO THE 
 
 BEY, BOBEBT D I X N, D,D,, 
 
 PRINCIPAL OF KING WILLIAM'S COLLEGE, 
 
 CASTLETOWN. 
 
 MY DEAR SIR, 
 
 In happy memory of the many years during 
 which it was my privilege to be associated with you in 
 the duties of that Institution over which you have so 
 faithfully and so ably presided, I beg you to accept my 
 dedication to you of these pages, descriptive of the locality 
 in which you have lived and laboured. 
 
 That you may long continue to be blessed in blessing 
 others, and reap a still richer harvest of the good seed 
 which you have been instrumental in sowing, is the 
 fervent desire of 
 
 Yours most sincerely and faithfully, 
 
 JOSEPH GEORGE GUMMING. 
 
 Lichfield, 1st May, 1857. 
 
 629885
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. 
 
 IN the year 1848 I brought out an account of the Isle of Man, 
 (published by John Van Voorst, London,) intended primarily for 
 geological and scientific readers, but including partly in the body of 
 the work, and partly, but more fully, in the Appendix the civil and 
 ecclesiastical history of the Island, interspersed with some of those 
 strange legends which linger still amongst the people of its mountains 
 and valleys. Since that publication I have fallen in with a few 
 records relating to the monastery of Rushen, (the last dissolved in the 
 British Isles,) and also to the occupants of the castle of Rushen, 
 amongst whom must more especially be named the famous James, 
 seventh Earl of Derby, and his heroic Countess, Charlotte de 
 Tremouille. As some of these records have not hitherto, as far as I 
 am aware, been printed, and the rest are scattered about in books 
 either too expensive or too rare to be got at by most people, I have 
 thought it desirable to bring them together in a simple and connected 
 Story, which may prove interesting and useful to general readers, and 
 more particularly to those who, for the first time, are led to visit this 
 very remarkable locality. It does indeed seem strange that, with all 
 the facilities which steam navigation affords, the Isle of Man, pre- 
 senting to us certainly some of the most beautiful scenery in the 
 British Isles, and whose political status is of so singular a character, 
 should continue to be so little known. How very few are aware, as 
 I have found by repeated inquiries, of these facts following very 
 worthy of note : That its climate is more equable than that of any 
 country in Europe, and its mean annual temperature higher than that 
 of any spot in the same parallel of latitude ; that it has within itself 
 more antiquities in the shape of cromlechs, stone circles, crosses, ruined 
 churches and castles, than any area of like extent in the British Isles ; 
 that it has been the possession in turn of the Scotch, Welsh, Danes, 
 Norwegians, and English j that its kings dictated terms to the Kings
 
 VI INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. 
 
 of Ireland ; that it played a part in the struggle between Bruce and 
 Baliol; that the land, the people, and their privileges, have been 
 transferred from one party to another, by purchase, or by mortgage, 
 on five separate occasions; that though in the midst of the British 
 Isles, it is not in point of law a part of them ; that though a pos- 
 session of the British crown, it is not ruled by the British Parliament ; 
 that though its people have the rights of British subjects, it is no 
 part of England, is not governed by the laws of England, and belongs 
 not to England by colonization, or by conquest ; that in all the various 
 changes of hands, through which the Island has passed, it has main- 
 tained in its integrity its ancient and singular constitution, and presents 
 the last solitary remains of the ancient Scandinavian Thing, or court 
 of justice, which, for the protection of public liberty, was held in the 
 open air, in the presence of the entire assembled people ; that its 
 bishopric is the most ancient of any in Great Britain and Ireland, 
 and has preserved an unbroken succession of bishops from the first 
 till now ; that it contains no records of the Reformation ; that its 
 Bishop in the time of King Henry VIII. was also Bishop in the time 
 of Elizabeth, and died in possession ; that its ecclesiastical liberty is 
 not encumbered with an Act of Uniformity, or an Act of Mortmain ; 
 that, for the better government of the Church, and for making such 
 orders and constitutions as shall from time to time be found wanting, 
 it is enjoined by law that there shall be a convocation of the whole 
 clergy of the diocese, on Thursday in Whitsun week, every year; 
 that canons drawn up in these synodal meetings of the Church have 
 received the sanction of the legislature, and are actually the statute 
 law of the Isle ; that the Bishop can himself draw up public prayers 
 to be used in the churches of his diocese, and that such prayers have 
 been incorporated into the Liturgy of the Manx Church ; that the 
 Offertory has never been discontinued, but is in general practice once 
 at least every week, in every parish in the Island. Most of these facts 
 are noticed in different portions of the present work, but may be learnt 
 more distinctly from the Author's larger work before referred to ; 
 with respect to them, however, strangers are almost entirely ignorant.
 
 INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. Vll 
 
 In drawing up this Story of Rushen Castle, and Rushen Abbey, I 
 have made use of two of the chapters of my previous work on the 
 Isle of Man ; but by reference to a catalogue, in Latin, of the Kings 
 of Man, which I found amongst the Harleian MSS. in the British 
 Museum, I have been able to correct certain points in the civil and 
 ecclesiastical history of the Island, and to rectify some errors in. the 
 dates ; and from the same MSS., and the insular records, I have been 
 enabled to add a few interesting details not hitherto published. I 
 cannot but express here my deep obligations to my kind friend Mark 
 Hildesly Quayle, Esq., the Clerk of the Rolls, for the use he has 
 afforded me of several interesting family MSS., which have enabled 
 me to present much matter not heretofore in print, connected both with 
 Rushen Castle and Rushen Abbey. It is to him I owe the singular 
 " Computus " of the revenues of the abbey at the time of its dissolution, 
 which I have given in Appendix B. Yet my ability to present it in 
 its present form is altogether due to the kindness of my friend Albert 
 Way, Esq., of Wonham Manor, Reigate, who, with his usual earnest- 
 ness and devotion to all matters of antiquarian interest, undertook the 
 task of extending the original law Latin abbreviations, collated this 
 MS. with other rolls of a similar character in the Augmentation 
 Office, at Carlton Ride, and conducted it through the press, adding 
 some most valuable notes. To him I would tender my warmest 
 acknowledgments. My thanks are also due to Mr. John M'Meiken 
 (agent for the branch at Castletown of Messrs. Dumbell's Douglas 
 and Isle of Man Bank) for the fac-similes which I have given of 
 the handwritings of various remarkable personages connected with the 
 Isle of Man in times long gone by. Amongst them will be recog- 
 nised those of James, the seventh Earl of Derby, and his no less 
 illustrious Countess, of William Christian, Sacheverell, and Bishops 
 Barrow, Hildesley, and Thomas Wilson. I would here express also 
 my obligation to the Secretaries and Committee of the Cambrian 
 Archaeological Association for the reprint of the Catalogue of the 
 Kings of Man, which originally appeared, with a short memoir of mine 
 on Manx History, in the Archccologia Cambrensis, at the beginning
 
 Vlll INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. 
 
 of the present year. The labour of drawing up such a catalogue, as 
 is well known by those who have been similarly occupied, is not 
 slight, and it will be found to give in very small compass all that 
 is necessary to the general reader to know of the singular history of 
 Elian Vannin veg veen. 
 
 I have availed myself in the illustration of this work, as in my 
 work on the Runic and other Monumental Remains of the Isle of 
 Man, of the Anastastic process of Mr. Appel, of Gerrard Street, 
 Soho. The very curious ancient map of the Island, and the views in 
 the neighbourhood of Castletown of the same date, have in this way 
 been copied from Chaloner's History of the Isle of Man, attached 
 to King's Vale Royal of Cheshire. 
 
 The view of Castle Rushen in 1560 is an ideal restoration by 
 myself, from an examination of alterations since made in it, and from 
 historical accounts. In contrast with it, I have given a view of it in 
 1850, which includes the barbarous additions made six years before 
 that time, and the bell turret which was probably added in 1729, 
 which is the date on the bell included in it. The view of Rushen 
 Abbey in 1800 is reduced from a drawing made at that time, which 
 I obtained from a collector. It has recently been proposed to occupy 
 the site of the abbey as a lunatic asylum for the whole Island, and 
 overtures have been made by the Insular Government to the owner of 
 it for that purpose. 
 
 The Roman altar, which is in the grounds of Lorn House, the 
 residence of the Lieutenant-Governor, does not properly belong to the 
 Isle of Man, having been more than a century ago brought to the 
 Island from the Roman station of Ellenborough, near Maryport, in 
 Cumberland. I have, however, given a sketch of it, as it was for 
 many years preserved in Rushen Castle. For an account of the 
 inscription I must refer to my work on The Runic and other 
 Monumental Remains in the Isle of Man. The stone with D. I. C. 
 (James and Charlotte Derby) on it is still in the castle, at the entrance 
 to the Rolls Office.
 
 A. froCfttt of <".ifti RuAfln Ifom-E W E 
 
 Tli e .Pro/j>ct of Cwitl Ru fli on from -X E
 
 Proap.ct <,/" JM lie ef Man J>om It 
 Cliff of Mfn, A 
 
 Th.e Prospect of the Calfc of Man fro 
 
 Tlie Frofpect of the Hand, to the Calf* of Ma.fi 
 from the SbE. 
 
 TheTrofpect of Lhat which U cali Chenntf Cros 
 Ihsraxe groM-ets, S b W.
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 CASTLETOWN. 
 
 " 'Tis Mona the lone where the silver mist gathers, 
 
 Pale shroud whence our wizard chief watches unseen, 
 
 O'er the breezy, the bright, the lov'd home of my fathers, 
 
 Och Mannin my graih, my chree, Mannin veg veen." 
 
 E. NELSON. 
 
 CASTLETOWN, or Balla-Chastal, the capital of the Isle of 
 Man, obtains its name from its clustering round an ancient 
 fortress, standing at the mouth of the Silverburn, on the 
 western side of a deep bay, in the south of the island. 
 St. Russin, from whom the fortress, the neighbouring 
 abbey, and the surrounding sheading, or district, derive 
 their name, was one of the twelve missionary fathers who, 
 along with St. Columba, settled in lona, A.D. 563. The 
 commanding position of the castle gives to the town a 
 very interesting appearance and antique character, from 
 whatever direction it is approached, but particularly so 
 to the voyager who arrives at it by steamer from Liver- 
 pool on a calm summer's eve, when the sunlight streams 
 down upon it through the gorges of the mountains which 
 form the background, at a distance from it westward of 
 from four to six miles, and which rise to a height of 
 from one thousand to nearly sixteen hundred feet above 
 the level of the sea. 
 
 It possesses two harbours, one in Castletown Bay, the 
 other in Derby-Haven, distant only a mile. Derby- 
 Haven, the best natural harbour in the Isle of Man, is 
 almost land-locked, open only to the north-east winds, 
 to which Castletown Bay is completely closed ; thus a 
 landing at, or near to, Castletown, in still water, can be 
 
 B
 
 4, CASTLETOWN. 
 
 always effected. Presuming that the visitor lands at 
 Castletown itself, on approaching the bay, this is the 
 view. 
 
 The peninsula of Langness (Norse, Lang neese) forms 
 the eastern side of the bay. At the northern extremity 
 of this peninsula, and forming the eastern shore of 
 Derby-Haven, is the Islet of St. Michael, with a small 
 ruined church on it, and a small fort. Near the southern 
 extremity of Langness is a round tower, highly pictur- 
 esque, and useful as a landmark. On passing Dreswick 
 Point, (another Norse name,) and rounding the Skerranes, 
 the bay of Castletown bursts full upon our view. At its 
 north-eastern extremity we just catch sight of the hamlet 
 of Derby-Haven, contiguous to which is the ancient 
 battle-field of Ronalds way (Norse, Rognvaldsvagr). 
 
 Conspicuous at the head of the bay is King William's 
 College, in front of which we descry a mass of ruins on 
 Hango Hill, (another Scandinavian term,) a place very 
 notable in insular history. Far off to the north we mark 
 the mountains stretching out and terminating with North 
 Barrule, the next point to the south-westward of which 
 is Snae-fell, (Snee-fjeld, " snow mountain,") the monarch 
 of Mona, upwards of two thousand feet high ; standing 
 out in front of this is Bein-y-Phot, and much nearer is 
 Mount Murray. The Greebah range is seen directly 
 beyond King William's College, and then, after a con- 
 siderable depression, we have the summits of South 
 Barrule, Cronch na Irey Lhaa, the Carnanes, and Brada 
 Head. Another deep gap and the Mull Hills terminate 
 the southern mountain range. The Calf Island here 
 appears to join on to the mainland, and upon it may 
 just be discerned the upper of the two light-houses, to 
 the south of which, at the furthest extremity of the scene, 
 we have the Eye, (Norse, Oe,} a rock singularly drilled 
 through by the action of the sea, a phenomenon which,
 
 CASTLETOWN. 3 
 
 when the sun is sinking in the west, is very conspicuous 
 at a distance of nearly five miles. Spanish Head rears 
 its dark precipitous front between the Calf and Port St. 
 Mary, a thriving fishing village, on the western margin 
 of Poolvash Bay (the Bay of Death). The eye then 
 catches the black basaltic pile called the Stack of Scarlet, 
 forming the western horn of Castletown Bay, and casting 
 its deep shadow in front upon the waters, whence, tracing 
 the shore northward for a mile, we come upon Castletown 
 itself, with the steeple of St. Mary's Church in front, 
 backed by the sombre walls of the Castle on the hill, to 
 the north of which we have Lorn House, the residence 
 of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Man. 
 
 Everything around us intimates the close connection 
 anciently subsisting between this particular locality and 
 those daring sea-rovers who, swarming down from the 
 north, seized on so many islands in the British seas, and 
 established themselves in them for so many centuries. 
 With Castle Rushen, their handiwork, frowning down upon 
 us, we can hardly help noticing the impress which they 
 have left of themselves in the names of places, mountains, 
 rivers, bays, and creeks, names abiding to the present 
 day. In fact several of these names have already been 
 alluded to. (See also Appendix D.) 
 
 Names of places ending in ick, or wick, from the 
 Norse vig, " a cove," abound. On the eastern coast we 
 have Perwick, Sandwick, Dreswick, Greenwick, Saltrick, 
 Soderick, Garwick ; and on the west, Aldrick, Portwick, 
 and Fleshwick, small coves. So also ending in ey, or ay, 
 from the Norse vagr, "a bay," we have Ronaldsway, 
 (anciently Rognvaldsvagr,) Laxey, (anciently Laxaa, 
 Laxa, or Laxay, i.e., Salmon Bay,) Coma, or Kennay, 
 and Ramsey (Ramsoe). 
 
 On the other hand, names ending in by, (from the 
 Dansk bie, " a village,") indicate the older occupation of
 
 CASTLETOWN. 
 
 the Isle by the Danes. Thus on the western coast there 
 is Dalby (dale, " village"), and Jurby (anciently Ivorby, 
 or Ivarby), Ivar's village ; inland, we meet with Colby, 
 Crosby, Grenaby, Kirby, (Kirk-by,) Rheaby, Regaby, 
 Sulby, (Sale-by,) and Trollaby. So the names of moun- 
 tains are often Scandinavian, as Snae-fell, (Norse, Snee- 
 fjeld, " snow mountain,") Brada, (broad,) Mull, (Norse, 
 Myl, " a promontory "). We trace to the same origin 
 the names Stack, Thousla, Kitterland, Langness, (Lang 
 neese,) Niarbyl, Holme, Garth, Orrysdale, and Tynwald 
 (Thing vollr). In the old Chronicle of Rushen are many 
 names of places evidently Norwegian, which have since 
 been altered, as Trollotoft, Oxwath, Totmanby, Ros-fell, 
 (Ros-fjeld,) Thorkel, Herinstad, Ankonathway, Hescana- 
 Keppage, Skemestor, Gretastad, Orms-hous, Toftar- 
 asmund. South Barrule was called Ward -fell and War- 
 field (Warr-fjeld). The lakes Myreshaw (Myroscoe) and 
 Malar have disappeared. 
 
 The outer harbour of Castletown, into which we now 
 enter, is formed between two piers, at the extremity of one 
 of which is a light-house; the inner harbour lies just 
 under the walls of the castle, a draw-bridge spanning its 
 entrance, near which are the steam packet company's 
 premises. A gas company and a water company have 
 also recently added to the advantages of Castletown. The 
 centre of Castletown is occupied by a spacious parade and 
 market-place, in the midst of which is a Doric column of 
 freestone, erected in 1836, to the memory of Lieutenant- 
 Governor Smelt ; at its eastern extremity is the modern 
 church of St. Mary ; on the northern side is Castle 
 Rushen, and the Custom House (seen on the left hand in 
 the frontispiece) ; on the southern are the George Hotel, 
 the Barracks, and the Union Hotel, and its extremity 
 branches off into Arbory Street and Malew Street, at the 
 junction of which stands the Post Office. The Town
 
 CASTLETOWN. 5 
 
 Hall is situated in Arbory Street. In proceeding from 
 the Parade to the castle gates, (first noticing the remark- 
 able sun-dial, date 1720, in front of the castle, and 
 standing on a portion of the ancient glacis,) we pass, in 
 the open space on the right hand, a square building, 
 which is the place of meeting of the Lower House of the 
 Insular Legislature, (the House of Keys,) whose original 
 institution dates back to the reign of Gorree, or Orry, in 
 the tenth century. The Lower House consists of twenty- 
 four members, hence the name Keys, a corruption, I 
 believe, of the Manx word Kiare-as-feed, signifying four- 
 and-twenty. They were also anciently called Taxiaxi, 
 the derivation of which term is somewhat more doubtful. 
 Mr. Feltham states, (p. 139 of his Tour through the 
 Isle of Man,*) on the authority of Mr. C. Vallancey, 
 that " in the Gaedhlic taisce means a pledge, or hostage, 
 and aisce a trespass;" and he infers that these Taxiaxi 
 were originally hostages to the Lord of the Isle for their 
 different clans. In the Statute Book there is a document, 
 (drawn up in 1422,) when the great meeting of the 
 Commons was held at Reneurling, in Kirk Michael, 
 which states 
 
 " That there were never twenty-four Keys in certainty since 
 they were first called Taxiaxi; these were twenty-four free- 
 holders, to wit, eight in the out isles, and sixteen in your land of 
 Man, and that was in King Orry's days, and since they have 
 not been in certainty ; but if a strange point will come which 
 the Lieutenant will have reserved to the Tynwald twice in the 
 year, and by the leave of the Lieutenant the Deemsters there to 
 call of the best to his council in that point, as he thinks fit to 
 give judgment ; and without the Lord's will none of the twenty- 
 four Keys to be." 
 
 At the court held at Castle Rushen, in 1430, by Henry 
 Byron, six men out of every sheading being chosen by 
 the people and presented to him, he selected four out of
 
 6 CASTLETOWN. 
 
 each six, and so made up the number twenty-four. At 
 the present time, when one member dies, or is discharged, 
 the rest present two persons to the Lieutenant-Governor, 
 from whom he chooses one to fill up the vacancy. 
 
 The following extract from the Patent Rolls, of the 
 twentieth year of the reign of Edward I., is interesting : 
 
 " For hearing and determining the complaints of the men in 
 the Isle of Man (' Kiare-as-feed '). 
 
 " The King to his beloved and faithful Nicholas of Salgrave 
 Senior, Osbert Spaldington, and John of Southwell, sendeth 
 greeting. 
 
 " Know ye that we have assigned you our justices to hear and 
 determine the complaints all and singular of the persons of the 
 Isle of Mann, complaining of whatsoever trespasses and wrongs 
 to them done, as well by any of our bayliffs and ministers as 
 others in the island, and to do full and speedy justice to the 
 parties thereof, according to the law and custome of that place. 
 And therefore we command you that on certain days and places, 
 within the said Isle of Man, you hear and determine the said 
 complaints in forme aforesaid, saving, &c. and we likewise 
 command our keeper of the said island that on certain days, &c., 
 in the said island he cause to come before you so many and 
 such. In testimony, &c. 
 
 "The king at Berwick, the 15th day of July, 1292." 
 
 Till the year 1706 the Keys met in the castle; they 
 then purchased, from the trustees of the Academic Fund, 
 the ground-floor of a house which stood on the site of the 
 present House of Keys, the upper portion being occupied 
 by the Academical Library. In 1818 they purchased 
 the remainder of the house, and the Library was removed 
 to the Grammar School, and subsequently to King 
 William's College, where it was destroyed by fire, 
 January 14, 1844. 
 
 When a bill has passed through the House of Keys, it 
 is referred to the Upper House, consisting of the Lieu- 
 tenant- Governor and Council (see Appendix (7.) ; if it
 
 CASTLETOWN. 7 
 
 meet with their approval, it is then transmitted to England 
 for the assent of the Queen in council. But even then it 
 does not at once become the law of the island. According 
 to ancient Scandinavian constitution, it is necessary that 
 it should be proclaimed, in Manx and English, on a 
 certain eminence called the Tynwald Hill, in the centre 
 of the island. 
 
 Tynwald, written in the Chronicles of Rushen Tin- 
 gualla, is the Thingwall of Iceland, the Danish Thingvollr, 
 (pronounced Tingveuller, the eu sounded French fashion,) 
 the " fields of the Judicial Assembly." The term " thing " 
 is a Scandinavian equivalent of the Saxon mote, and 
 appears in our modern word " hustings." Some have 
 derived the term " wald " from the Danish void, " a 
 bank," or " rampart," and have connected it with the 
 " fencing the court," as it is called, before proceeding to 
 the business of the " thing," or assize. The Danes have 
 left the name of Tingwall in the Orkneys and in Cheshire, 
 and of Dingwall in Ross-shire. 
 
 The Tynwald Hill, called also Cronk-y-Keillown, (i.e., 
 St. John's Church Hill,) is a mound of earth said to 
 have been originally brought from each of the seventeen 
 parishes of the island. It is almost in the centre of the 
 island, on the road between Douglas and Peel. The 
 circumference of the base of it is 240 feet; it rises by 
 four stages, or circular platforms, each three feet higher 
 than the next lower ; the lowest platform being eight feet 
 wide, the next six, the third four, and the last, or topmost, 
 being four yards in diameter ; the whole is covered with 
 a short turf, neatly kept. Formerly it was walled round, 
 and had two gates. 
 
 The ceremony of the Tynwald Hill is thus stated in 
 the Lex Scripta of the Isle of Man, as given for law to 
 Sir John Stanley, in 1417 : 
 
 " This is the constitution of old time, how yee should be
 
 8 CASTLETOWN. 
 
 governed on the Tinwald-day. First you shall come thither in 
 your royal array, as a king ought to do by the prerogatives and 
 royalties of the land of Man, and upon the hill of Tinwald sitt 
 in a chaire covered with a royall cloath and quishions, and your 
 visage into the east, and your sword before you, holden with the 
 point upward. Your Barrens in the third degree sitting beside 
 you, and your beneficed men and your Deemsters before you 
 sitting, and your Clarke, your knights, esquires & yeomen about 
 you in the third degree, and the worthiest men in your land to 
 be called in before your Deemsters, if you will ask anything of 
 them, and to hear the government of your land and your will ; 
 and the Commons to stand without the circle of the hill, with 
 three clearkes in their surplices, and your Deemsters shall call 
 the Coroner of Glanfaba, and he shall call in all the Coroners of 
 Man, and their yardes in their hands, with their weapons upon 
 them, either sword or axe, and the Moares, that is to witt of 
 every sheading; then the chief Coroner, that is the Coroner of 
 Glenfaba, shall make affence upon pain of life or lyme, that no 
 man make a disturbance or stirr in the time of Tinwald, or any 
 murmur or rising in the King's presence, upon paine of hanging 
 and drawing ; and then to proceed in your matters whatsoever 
 you have to doe, in felonie, or treason or other matters that 
 touch the government of your land of Manne." 
 
 On the feast of St. John the Baptist a tent is erected 
 on the summit of this mound, and preparations are made 
 for the reception of the officers of state, according to 
 ancient custom. Early in the morning the Lieutenant- 
 Governor proceeds from Castletown, under a military 
 escort, to St. John's Chapel, a beautiful edifice of South 
 Barrule granite, recently built on the site of the old one, 
 a few hundred yards to the eastward of the Tynwald 
 Hill. Here he is received with all due honour by the 
 bishop, the council, the clergy, and the Keys, and all 
 attend divine service in the chapel, the government 
 chaplain officiating. This ended, they march in pro- 
 cession from the chapel to the mount, the military formed 
 in line on each side of the green turf walk.
 
 CASTLETOWN. 
 
 There seems some difference of opinion at present as 
 to the order in which the procession should advance, 
 except that the higher in dignity should be the nearer to 
 the Governor; thus the junior clergy walk before their 
 seniors. I give the following from a manuscript copy 
 actually used by the Governor on the 5th July, 1770 ; on 
 the back of the same sheet is a list of persons invited to 
 meet the Governor at dinner at Peel. This is the oldest 
 order of procession that I have been able to meet with, 
 and I believe it indicates the rank anciently attached to 
 the different civil appointments : 
 
 " Six Constables with their staffs, two and two. 
 The Captains of Parishes, two and two. 
 
 JThe Clergy, three and three. ^ 
 
 The Vicars-General. 
 
 <u The Archdeacon. Q 
 
 The Gentlemen of the Keys, three and three. 
 
 The Water Bailiff. 
 j| The Deemsters. 
 
 The Clerk of the Rolls and Attorney-General. 
 The Receiver-General. 
 
 6PJ0 
 The Lord Bishop. 5T 
 
 JThe Sword of State. g 
 
 His Excellency the Governor. %. 
 
 Gentlemen attending the Governor. 
 The Guard." 
 
 At the present day the chief ceremony of the Tynwald 
 Hill is the proclamation, in Manx and English, of all the 
 laws which have been passed "during the year ; after which 
 the procession returns in the same order as before to St. 
 John's Chapel, where the laws receive the signature of the 
 Lieutenant-Governor, Council, and Keys, and the business 
 of the day is finished. The laws so enacted and pro- 
 claimed are called Acts of Tynwald. 
 
 The Grammar School (which was anciently the church 
 of St. Mary, and which, though considerably altered,
 
 10 CASTLETOWN. 
 
 bears still about it several characteristics of its age, the 
 close of the twelfth century) stands in a narrow street at 
 the back of the House of Keys. It has an endowment 
 of rather more than 60 per annum, derived chiefly from 
 the tithes of Kirk Christ's, Rushen. 
 
 The first erection of a church on the site of the present 
 St. Mary's was by Bishop Thomas Wilson, in 1698, the 
 means being found in the way indicated by the following 
 instrument : 
 
 " To the Commissioners appointed to manage my Revenue in 
 the Isle of Man. 
 
 " This is to authorize and appoint you to pay unto the Right 
 Rev d Father in God Thomas Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man to 
 Samuel Watleworth one of the Vicar Generals of the said Island, 
 to Richard Stephenson and Thomas Huddleston Gentlemen, all 
 and every the rents Issues and proffits of what kind soever 
 belonging to the Bishoprick of the aforesaid Island due and 
 payable in the vacancy of the said Bishoprick for one whole 
 year ending at Lady day 1697 to be disbursed and laid out by 
 them the said Bishop, Vicar General, Richard Stephenson and 
 Tho 3 . Huddleston in the building and erecting of a new Chappell 
 in Castletown in the said Island and the acquittance of the said 
 Bishop, Vicar Generall, Richard Stevenson and Tho s . Huddleston 
 shall be unto you a sufficient discharge herein. Given under 
 my" hand at Knowsley the fourteenth day of February Anno 
 Domini 1697. 
 
 u DERBY." 
 
 In the year 1826 the church was enlarged from the 
 foundations to its present size, and it will accommodate 
 1300 persons. 
 
 In clearing the ground for the erection of the church, 
 there are said to have been found coins of Germanicus 
 and Agrippina. The Roman altar now in the grounds 
 of Lorn House, and which was also said to have been 
 found here, was in reality brought to the island more 
 than one hundred years ago from the Roman station of
 
 CASTLETOWN. 1 1 
 
 Ellenborough, near Maryport, in Cumberland. In the 
 same street with the Grammar School is Mrs. Catharine 
 Halsall's Endowed Free School for girls, and on the 
 Douglas Road is the Taubman Endowed School for boys. 
 The National School for boys and girls is near the 
 Stone Bridge ; close by which are the marble works of 
 Messrs. Quilliam and Creer, for the conversion of the 
 Poolvash black marble, and Port St. Mary limestone, 
 into tombstones, chimney-pieces, and works of art. A 
 little further, at the extremity of Hope Street, are the 
 Gas Works, an extremely neat erection.
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 " There, too, I've mused, when moonbeams gemm'd the lea, 
 O'er wondrous legends of our fairy isle, 
 Legends, by gentle rustics firmly held 
 A horror, and deep credence. Sweet belief!" 
 
 E. NELSON. 
 
 THE ancient castle of Rushen, as I have said, occupies 
 a commanding position. The best near view of it is 
 perhaps from the stone bridge at the northern extremity 
 of the harbour. Its resemblance to the Danish castle of 
 Elsinore has been often noted ; and of its great antiquity 
 there is no doubt, even should the date 947, fixed upon 
 for its commencement, be incorrect. This date was found 
 on an old oak beam, along with some apparently MaBSO- 
 Gothic characters, in making some repairs in the Gover- 
 nor's house a few years ago. 
 
 There is a solemn majesty about it, and a solidity in 
 its masonry, which betokens great strength. In the centre 
 is the keep, whose ground-plan is an irregular rhombus, 
 the longer sides running nearly north and south. It is 
 flanked with towers on each side ; the eastern, southern 
 and western standing out from it of a square form ; the 
 northern rising upon the building itself; of course I do 
 not include in it the very modern barbarous additions. 
 At its northern extremity is a lofty portcullis, passing 
 which is an open quadrangular court, with a well in the 
 centre. The height of this keep at its entrance is seven ty- 
 four feet, and on the right hand side of it at entering, a 
 winding stone staircase leads us by ninety -nine steps to 
 the summit of the northern, or flag tower, the total
 
 
 9 
 III 
 
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 o 
 
 UJ 
 
 co 
 
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 ill 
 
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 1
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 13 
 
 height of which from the ground is eighty feet. This, 
 however, is not usually shown to visitors. The southern 
 tower rises seventy feet, and contains the clock, which 
 was presented by Queen Elizabeth in 1597, when she 
 was holding the island in trust, whilst the rival claims 
 between the heirs of Ferdinand and William, the fifth 
 and sixth Earls of Derby, were being litigated. The east 
 tower is seventy feet, and the west the same, if we allow 
 one foot for the rise in the ground. 
 
 The thickness of the walls of the keep varies from 
 seven to twelve feet. On the outside of it, at a short 
 distance, is an embattled wall, in height twenty-five feet, 
 and nine feet thick, with seven square towers at irregular 
 intervals. Exterior to this wall was a fosse, or moat, 
 now filled up. On the exterior of this moat is a glacis, 
 erected, it is said, by Cardinal Wolsey, when he was 
 guardian, during his minority, to Edward, third Earl of 
 Derby, and then Lord of Man. At three several points 
 in this glacis were formerly three low round towers, or 
 redoubts, now in ruins. The only remaining specimen 
 of them is seen on the north-western side, near the 
 harbour. 
 
 If the ditch were filled from the river, it is plain that 
 there must have been some elevation of the land since 
 its formation ; at the present time the highest tides seem 
 hardly capable of surrounding the castle with water to any 
 depth. But it is stated that a few years since some wooden 
 pipes were discovered conducting water to the castle from 
 a reservoir in the higher ground. There is a winding 
 road conducted between lofty ramparts from the ditch, 
 where formerly was the drawbridge, to the castle gate and 
 the first portcullis. 
 
 Anciently at the castle gate were placed three stone 
 sedilia, one for the Governor, and the other two for the 
 Deemsters. In the year 1430, Henry Byron, the Lieu-
 
 14 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 tenant-Governor, held a court of all the Commons, between 
 the gates, on the Tuesday next after the twentieth day of 
 Christmas. 
 
 To the left hand a flight of stone steps leads to the 
 Rolls Office; and on passing through the portcullis into 
 the open space, we observe, on the right hand, another 
 flight of steps leading to the ramparts, and conducting 
 also to the Court House and the Council Chamber. 
 These buildings were formerly occupied by the Derby 
 family, and by the Governors and Lieutenant- Governors 
 of the Isle to the time of the late Lieutenant-Governor 
 General John Ready, who resided there between two and 
 three years. A stone was lately thence removed in making 
 some repairs, on which are inscribed the letters D. I. C., 
 with the date 1644 ; that is, James and Charlotte Derby, 
 who, it is known, resided here at that date, when they saw 
 the commencement of the great rebellion, in which the 
 former, like the king whom he served, lost his head 
 under the hands of cruel and unreasonable men. 
 
 As we enter the inner keep, we have here, too, the 
 memorial of another holy man, who preferred a clear 
 conscience and Christian consistency to wretched expe- 
 diency and a time-serving surrender of a good cause. 
 In this little dark cell, on the left hand, was confined the 
 apostolic Thomas Wilson, who, ere he died, was one of 
 the two oldest, poorest, and most pious prelates in 
 Christendom. Cardinal Fleury was the other. He had 
 suspended Archdeacon Horrobin, the Governor's chaplain, 
 for a serious breach of ecclesiastical discipline. Governor 
 Home, in his rage and fury, sent a baud of soldiers to 
 Bishop's Court, who conveyed the good man to Castle 
 Rushen, where he was immured for two months. 
 
 Mrs. Home, wife of Captain Home, Governor of the 
 Isle of Man in the year 1729, accused Mrs. Puller, a widow 
 lady of fair character, of improper intimacy with Sir James
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 15 
 
 Pool ; and Archdeacon Horrobin, the government chap- 
 lain, upon this accusation, debarred Mrs. Puller from the 
 Holy Communion. She had recourse to the mode pointed 
 out by the constitution of the Manx Church to prove her 
 innocence, and she and Sir James Pool took the oath of 
 compurgation before the bishop, with compurgators of 
 the best character. No evidence being produced of their 
 guilt, they were by the bishop cleared of the charge, and 
 Mrs. Home sentenced to ask pardon of the parties whom 
 she had so unjustly traduced. This she refused to do, 
 and treated the bishop and his authority, as well as the 
 ecclesiastical constitution of the island, with contempt. 
 She was consequently put under censure, and banished 
 from the Lord's Supper till atonement should be made. 
 In defiance of this censure, the archdeacon received her 
 at the Communion, and was in consequence suspended 
 by the bishop. The archdeacon, instead of appealing to 
 his metropolitan, the Archbishop of York, the only legal 
 judge to whom the appeal could be made, threw himself 
 on the civil power, and the Governor fined the bishop 
 50, and his two vicars-general, who had been officially 
 concerned in the suspension, 20 each. This fine they 
 all refused to pay as arbitrary and unjust ; on which the 
 Governor sent a party of soldiers, and they were, on 29th 
 June, 1722, committed to the prison of Castle Rushen, 
 where they were closely confined, and no persons admitted 
 within the walls to see or converse with them. The 
 Governor would not even permit the bishop's housekeeper, 
 Mrs. Heywood, the daughter of a former governor, to 
 see him, or any of his servants to attend him in his con- 
 finement. From the dampness of the prison, the good 
 bishop contracted a disorder in his right hand which 
 disabled him from the free use of his fingers, and he ever 
 after wrote with his whole hand grasping the pen. He 
 was confined in this prison, as we said, for two months,
 
 16 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 but released at the end of that time by petition to the 
 king; and on the 4th July, 1724, the king in council 
 reversed all the proceedings of the officers of the island, 
 declaring them to be oppressive, arbitrary, and unjust. 
 The expenses of his trial were very great, and it is said 
 that, when his lawyers' bills were paid, little indeed re- 
 mained to him, or his son. The king offered him the 
 bishoprick of Exeter to reimburse him, but he could not 
 be prevailed on to quit his own diocese, nor would he 
 prosecute the Governor to recover damages, though urged 
 so to do. He had established the discipline of the church, 
 and he sincerely and charitably forgave his persecutors. 
 The concern of the people was so great when they heard 
 of his imprisonment, that they assembled in crowds, and 
 it was with difficulty they were restrained from pulling 
 down the Governor's house, by the mild behaviour and 
 persuasion of the bishop, who was permitted to speak to 
 them only through a grated window, or from the walls 
 of the castle, whence he blessed and exhorted hundreds 
 of them daily, telling them he meant to appeal to Caesar. 
 
 The attachment between the bishop and his flock was 
 mutual, and so well known, that in the year 1735, when 
 attending a levee of Queen Caroline, where there were 
 several prelates in attendance, she turned round, and 
 said : " See here, my lords, is a bishop who does not 
 come for a translation ! " " No, indeed, please your 
 majesty," replied the good bishop, " I will not leave my 
 wife in my old age because she is poor." He had before 
 this been offered English bishopricks by Queen Anne 
 and George I. 
 
 His coffin was made of one of the elms which he had 
 planted on his arrival upon the island, and which he 
 caused to be cut down and prepared for the purpose a 
 few years before his death. 
 
 The life of this good bishop was a forcible illustration
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 17 
 
 of that declaration of Scripture, " The path of the just 
 is as a shining light, shining more and more unto the 
 perfect day." The character given of Cyprian, Bishop 
 of Carthage, very faithfully tallies with his : 
 
 " Faith and love and native simplicity appear to have been 
 possessed by him when an early convert. He saw with pity the 
 poor of the flock, and he knew no method so proper of employing 
 the unrighteous mammon as in relieving their distress. His looks 
 had the due mixture of gravity and cheerfulness, so that it was 
 doubtful whether he was more worthy of love or reverence ; his 
 dress also corresponded to his looks. He had renounced the 
 secular pomp to which his rank had entitled him ; yet he avoided 
 affected penury." 
 
 Bishop Wilson's liberality was such, that it was said 
 by a gentleman who knew him well, " that he kept 
 beggars from everybody's door but his own." 
 
 The following anecdote is to the same purport. He 
 had ordered a cloak to be made by his tailor, giving him 
 directions that it should be quite plain, with merely a 
 button and a loop to fasten it. " But, my lord," said 
 the tailor, " what would become of the poor button- 
 makers and their families if every one thought in that 
 way ? They would be starved outright." " Do you say 
 so, John?" replied the good bishop; " why then button 
 it all over, John." 
 
 One day he gave a poor man in rags money to buy a 
 coat at the ensuing fair ; the man expended the cash in 
 drink, and continued in rags as before. When by accident 
 the bishop seeing him, expressed his surprise, and asked 
 how it came that he was still in that condition. " Why, 
 my lord," answered he, " I have bought with the money 
 a very warm lining, but I am in want of an outside yet." 
 
 He used to keep pigeons, which he would not kill till 
 they were past three years old ; in order to know them, 
 at end of the first year he cut off one toe, at the end of
 
 18 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 the second year another. Those which had three toes 
 cut off were ready for killing. 
 
 His early medical studies he turned to great account, 
 and practised as a physician, bodily as well as spiritually, 
 to the poor of the Island. He kept a constant store of 
 medicines, which he distributed, as well as his advice, 
 gratis. His private papers note almost annually the gift 
 of sums of money for the erection of churches, parsonages, 
 and school-houses, in his own diocese and elsewhere. He 
 always kept an open, hospitable table, covered with the 
 produce of his own demesnes, in a plentiful though not 
 extravagant manner, and he maintained in his own house, 
 under his own immediate care and instruction, candidates 
 for holy orders. 
 
 He very frequently on Sunday rode out to distant 
 parishes without giving the clergy any warning, doing 
 duty, and returning to Bishop's Court to dinner, and this 
 even after he was eighty years of age, and on horseback. 
 
 In his private diary we find, under date 1712 : 
 
 " I supplied the vacant vicarage of Kirk Arbory for one year, 
 and applied the income towards building a new vicarage house ; 
 with this and what I begged of the parish, and two pounds 
 ten shillings I gave myself, we have erected one of the best 
 houses in the diocese." 
 
 He did not interfere in temporal or political concerns, 
 unless when called upon at the request of the inhabitants 
 to serve them on particular occasions. Such an occasion 
 was that on which he gained for the people, from the 
 Earl of Derby, their Magna Charta, the ct of Settle- 
 ment of 1703. Again, in the year 1740, a year of great 
 scarcity, and famine, and pestilence on the Island, the 
 bishop distributed all his own corn, and bought up what 
 he could at a very high price, selling it out to the poor 
 at a low one ; and when all the corn of the Island was 
 well nigh exhausted, he engaged his son to make interest
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 19 
 
 with George II., by which an order in council was 
 obtained, taking off the embargo for a certain time upon 
 corn imported into the Isle of Man. 
 
 On the opposite side of the entrance, at the foot of the 
 flag tower stairs, is another cell, in which were confined, 
 at the same time, the bishop's two vicars-general. 
 
 After these cells, the portion of the castle usually shown 
 to visitors is reached by a flight of stone steps at the 
 opposite angle of the central court, passing through the 
 debtors' rooms. In the central court is the draw-well 
 which anciently supplied the castle. A very interesting 
 study is the clock tower, (if was the old chapel of the 
 castle) ; the present chapel is over the gateway of the 
 keep. 
 
 On each side of the oriel window of the clock tower 
 is a stone ledge (bracket), on which rested the ancient 
 altar (mensa), on the southern side of it a piscina, and 
 on the north a small niche, or cupboard, (an aumbrye, 
 or equivalent of the credence table,) for containing the 
 sacred elements. In the northern angle of the little 
 chapel, which is hardly fifteen feet square, is a small 
 grated window, communicating apparently with a cell, 
 which has been since thrown into a passage; we may 
 readily conjecture this to have been the confessional. 
 Here at any rate was the old chapel of the castle garrison, 
 and we may feel thankful that it has been converted to 
 no other use than that of containing the more recent, 
 though still venerable clock, which is itself not without 
 interest. It was a present from Queen Elizabeth ; and 
 the bell upon which the hours are tolled, was, by its 
 inscription, the gift of James, tenth earl of the noble 
 house of Derby, the last connected with the Isle of Man, 
 in the year 1729, six years before his death. 
 
 The architecture of this portion of the castle (and, in 
 fact, of the whole of the keep) is plainly of the latter
 
 20 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 part of the twelfth, or beginning of the thirteenth century, 
 though there are insertions of windows of a later date, 
 made in freestone, the compact limestone of which the 
 castle is built hardly admitting of use in decorated archi- 
 tecture. We must in truth regard this portion of the 
 castle as built in the reigns of the later Norwegian 
 Vikingr, either Godred V., (Goddard II. of the line of 
 Goddard Crovan, see Appendix A. p. 3,) or his successor, 
 the usurper Reginald. 
 
 In casting our eyes around we can hardly help reverting 
 to the history of the daring and remarkable people who for 
 so long a period managed to hold their own in the midst 
 of the British Isles, and, on this spot, swayed the sceptre 
 of the neighbouring seas. It was a period of fearful 
 struggle of might against right, as a reference to the 
 catalogue of kings given in Appendix A. will show. The 
 condensed history of their reigns, as there given, suffi- 
 ciently indicates the importance of their possessing such 
 a stronghold as this, to which in emergencies they might 
 betake themselves, and wait tne arrival of succour from 
 the distant out isles. Even after the overthrow of Haco, 
 by Alexander III. of Scotland, at the battle of Largs, 
 October 3, 1263, and his subsequent cession to the 
 Scottish monarch (1266) of the Isle of Man, with the 
 viceroyalty of the isles, for 4000 marks to be paid in four 
 years, and 100 marks per annum for ever, it would seem 
 that the possession of this castle gave encouragement to 
 the Manx to resist the occupation of the Isle by the 
 Scots. 
 
 The history of the Isle of Man immediately subsequent 
 to the Scottish conquest, and for the next fifty years, is 
 somewhat complicated ; but the following explanation will 
 enable the reader to comprehend more clearly that portion 
 of the Appendix A. which relates to it. 
 
 Magnus, son of Olave II., and last of the legitimate
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 21 
 
 male race of Goddard Crovan, as we know, did fealty to 
 Alexander for his crown ; but, upon his death in 1265, 
 Ivar, an illegitimate son of Godred II., aspiring to the 
 hand of the widow of Magnus, and the crown of Man, 
 took up arms against the Scots, but was defeated in 
 1270 at the battle of Ronaldsway, and fell with 537 of 
 the flower of his country. 
 
 Alexander, on his conquest of the Island in 1270, placed 
 in it a succession of Thanes as Governors, who were never 
 acceptable to the Manx, and against whom there were 
 many insurrections. At length, in 1290, Edward I. of 
 England, at the request of the inhabitants, took possession 
 of the Island, receiving a surrender of it from one Richard 
 de Burgo. I have before given an extract from the 
 Patent Rolls of the twentieth year of Edward I., showing 
 that at that time, he (Edward) was exercising authority 
 in the Isle. 
 
 The same king by letters patent, 4th June, 1290, gave 
 the Island to hold to Walter de Huntercombe, who, by 
 order of the same king, surrendered it in 1292 to John 
 Baliol, King of Scotland, to be held by him as a fief from 
 the crown of England. 
 
 It is not certain whom Baliol appointed as Governors 
 in his behalf in the Island. It would seem, however, that 
 the Cummings, whose attachment to the party of Baliol, 
 and opposition to the pretensions of Bruce, is well known, 
 exercised (probably in virtue of the share they had in the 
 conquest of the Island) some right or title in the govern- 
 ment ; for we find in Chaloner's History that Henry de 
 Beaumont, who quartered the arms of the Isle on his 
 escutcheon, is said to have done so in right of his wife 
 (Alice Gumming), " daughter and co-heir of Alexander 
 Comin, Earl of Buquhan." Also John de Ergadia, Lord 
 of Lorn, who married a daughter of John Gumming, (the 
 Red Gumming, who was slain by Bruce in the church at
 
 22 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 Dumfries,) and had large possessions in the Isle of Man, 
 was obliged to fly with his family into Ireland upon the 
 occupation of the Isle by Robert Bruce, and afterwards 
 obtained from Edward II., in 1314, a competent main- 
 tenance for himself, his family, and soldiers, on account 
 of his brave conduct in driving out the Scots. 
 
 It appears from Sacheverell that, in the beginning of 
 the year 1307, Edward I., dispossessing Henry de Beau- 
 mont, granted the custody of the Island to Gilbert de 
 MacGaskill, and he was allowed by Parliament the sum of 
 1596 Os. lOd. for his expenses, being 1215 3s. 4d. for 
 the cost of defence against the Scots, and 380 17s. 6d. 
 furnished by him for provisions to the Governor of Carlisle. 
 
 King Edward I. died July 7th of that same year. 
 His son within the period of the year following made no 
 less than three grants of the Island to as many of his 
 favourites, viz., Piers Gaveston of Gascony, Gilbert de 
 MacGaskill, and Henry de Beaumont, who thus again 
 got possession. 
 
 The following is a translation of the charter of Edward 
 II., making over the Isle of Man to Henry de Beaumont 
 (Henrico de Bello Monte) : 
 
 " The king to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting. 
 
 " Know ye that for the good service \v h our beloved and 
 faithful kinsman Henry de Beaumont hath hitherto rendered to 
 us we have given and granted to him for ourselves & our heirs 
 the whole of that our land of Man to be held & possessed by 
 the said Henry for the whole of his life from us & our heirs, 
 freely quietly, well entirely & in peace with all dominion & regal 
 justice, together with the service of soldiers, the visitation of 
 churches & religious houses, liberties, free constitutions, escheats 
 & all other things pertaining to the aforesaid land or w h seem 
 to pertain thereto after the manner in service w h the Lords of 
 the aforesaid land have been accustomed to render to the Kings 
 of Scotland. In testimony whereof, &c. 
 
 " Witness the King at Newcastle upon Tyne the first day of 
 May, by the King himself."
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 23 
 
 The tenure of the Island by these nominees of the 
 English king appears to have been of a very uncertain 
 character. In the year 1308, Robert Bruce is said to 
 have gained possession of the Isle, and to have made a 
 grant of it to his nephew Randolph, Earl of Murray ; 
 but, if he did so, that his party were again driven out is 
 clear from the Chronicon Mannia, which states that, in 
 the year 1313, " Robert, King of Scotland, anchored at 
 Ramso (Ramsey) with a numerous fleet, on the 18th of 
 May, and on the Sunday following went to the monastery 
 of Dubh-Glass (Douglas), where he spent the night. On 
 the Monday following he laid siege to the castle of 
 Russin (Rushen), which Lord Dungawi Macdowal " 
 (Dugald Macdougal), called by Sacheverell Dingay 
 Dowill, and in the Annals of Ulster Donegal O'Dowill, 
 " held out against the aforementioned king till Tuesday 
 after the Festival of St. Barnabas, when Robert took the 
 fortress." I suspect, however, that the Rushen Chronicle 
 is wrong here by five years, as it has post-dated the 
 Scottish conquest by that same amount. By this repeated 
 transfer from one party to another, the Island appears to 
 have been reduced to the greatest distress, and exposed 
 to the attack of any adventurer. From the Chronicon 
 Mannice we learn again that 
 
 "In May, 1316, on Ascension Day, Richard de Mandeville, 
 and his brothers, John and Thomas, with a company of Irish 
 freebooters, landed at Ronaldsway, and demanded of the Manx 
 supplies of provisions, cattle and money. Their request being re- 
 jected, they formed themselves into two divisions, which marching 
 up the country, again united at the foot of South Barrule ; then 
 uttering the Irish war-whoop, they fell upon the Manx who had 
 there drawn up their forces to receive them. At the first onset 
 the Manx fled in a body. The victorious Irish, roaming through 
 the country, plundered it of every thing on which they could lay 
 their hands. The sanctity of the venerable abbey of Rushen 
 availed nothing against this lawless company; they stripped it
 
 24 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 of all its furniture, flocks and cattle. Spending a month in this 
 manner, and at their leisure digging up much silver which had 
 been buried in various places, they stowed their vessels with the 
 best effects of the country, and returned safe home." 
 
 We find in Chaloner an account given of certain pro- 
 ceedings of King Edward II. against Henry de Beaumont, 
 in the year 1323, when, on account of certain acts of 
 disobedience and insolence towards the king, he was com- 
 mitted to prison. It appears that, in the sixteenth year 
 of the reign of that king, on the 13th of May, the king, 
 being at York, summoned a Privy Council to advise 
 about a certain treaty between himself and Robert Bruce. 
 When Henry de Beaumont was called upon to give his 
 opinion, he insolently refused to stir in the matter ; upon 
 which the king ordering him out of the council, he 
 replied, that it was more agreeable to him to depart than 
 to stay. 
 
 It was whilst Murray held the Island that Martholine, 
 almoner to the King of Scotland, was sent over, in the 
 year 1329, to take care of the business of religion, and 
 reformation of manners. Sacheverell tells us that he 
 wrote a work against witchcraft, then greatly practised 
 here, and minted a copper coin, with the king's effigy 
 on one side, and a cross on the other, with the inscription 
 " Crux est Christianorum gloria." 
 
 The Scotch, during their tenure of the Island, appear 
 to have been regarded by the Manx with intense feelings 
 of hatred, and these feelings continued long after their 
 expulsion. A law was passed in 1422, " that all Scots 
 avoid the land with the next vessel that goeth into 
 Scotland, upon a paine of forfeiture of their goods, and 
 their bodies to prison." 
 
 In 1333, Edward III. directed seizin to be made of 
 the Isle of Man, then in possession of the Scots; but 
 Edward Baliol presenting himself to him as his liege
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 25 
 
 lord, did fealty for the same, and under him the Scots 
 still retained the Island. The expulsion from Scotland of 
 Edward Baliol, who had been intruded upon the throne 
 by Edward III. in the place of David II., placed the Isle 
 of Man again in the power of the Bruce family. 
 
 At this time there appear to have been three parties 
 claiming the Lordship of Man : 
 
 First, the Murray family, who, as successors to 
 Randolph, held it by the grant from Robert Bruce, and 
 though driven from the actual possession, still styled 
 themselves Lords of Man, and quartered the arms of the 
 Island with their own certainly down to 1398, when the 
 first Duke of Albany was created of that family. 
 
 Secondly, the Montacute family, deriving their claim 
 from Affrica de Conaught, who, in the year 1305, had 
 made over her presumed right to Sir Simon de Monte- 
 acuto, (Simon Montacute, or Montague,) by a deed of 
 gift recorded by Sacheverell, out of the Chartulary of 
 Castle Acre, of which the following is a translation : 
 
 " Affrica de Conaught heir of the land of Man to all her 
 friends & men of the same land health & love. 
 
 " Whereas we of our good will & pleasure have given & 
 granted the whole of our estate & right in the aforesaid land of 
 Man to the noble & powerful Sir Simon Montacute as is more 
 fully contained in a certain Charter w h we caused to be made 
 thereupon in his behalf; We earnestly pray you & enjoin upon 
 all that ye will receive kindly as your rightful Lord the aforesaid 
 Lord Simon doing to himself whatever ye would do to us and 
 even of right ought to do if we were present with you. In 
 testimony whereof we have given these our letters patent under 
 our sign & seal. 
 
 " Dated at Bridgewater in Somersetshire on Thursday the eve 
 of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary A.D. 1305." 
 
 From Sir Simon Montacute, the claim thus descended to 
 his son Sir William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. 
 The third claimant was Mary, daughter of William de 
 
 E
 
 26 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 Waldebeof, whose father, John de Waldebeof, had married 
 Mary, daughter of Reginald, last king but one of the 
 race of Godard Crovan. Mary was thus great-grand- 
 daughter, in direct descent, of Reginald, the son of Olave 
 the Black. 
 
 Through the influence of Edward III. a reconciliation 
 of the last two claims was effected, by the happy union, 
 in 1343, of Sir William Montacute (the Earl of Salisbury) 
 with Mary de Waldebeof. 
 
 The king then furnished him with men and shipping 
 to prosecute his own and his lady's right, which he did 
 so successfully that he soon won the Island from the 
 Scots, and was crowned King of Man, A.D. 1344. 
 
 It is extremely important to mark this point in Manx 
 history, as giving a clue to the real position of the Isle 
 of Man with respect to the crown and constitution of 
 Great Britain. The Isle of Man was plainly at this period 
 not held by the crown of England in right of conquest, 
 nor has it ever since been. It belonged by right of 
 descent from the ancient Norwegian kings to a subject of 
 the King of England. It came afterwards, as we shall 
 see, into the possession of the English crown by the at- 
 tainder of a subject, to whom it belonged by purchase 
 from the rightful heirs ; it was re-granted by the crown, 
 with all previous privileges, to another subject, from 
 whose descendants, in lapse of time, it was again pur- 
 chased by the crown, by virtue of which purchase it is 
 now held. Hence it seems it was properly determined 
 before the judges of England in 1598 (the fortieth year 
 of Elizabeth) 
 
 " That the Isle of Man is an ancient kingdom of itself & no 
 part of the kingdom of England & no part of England, nor 
 governed by the Laws of England but like to Tournay in France, 
 & Gascony in Normandy when they were in the King of England's 
 hand."
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 27 
 
 It is therefore entirely out of the power of Chancery, 
 nor can a writ of Habeas Corpus run hither, nor can any 
 general Act of Parliament extend to the Isle of Man, 
 unless it be approved of and passed by the insular legis- 
 lature, and, as their act, receive the sanction of the Queen 
 in council, and be promulgated, according to ancient 
 constitution, at the Tynwald Hill. The British Parlia- 
 ment therefore can have no right (except that which 
 might makes) to annex the Isle of Man as a county to 
 England, or alter the ancient form of government, without 
 the sanction of the insular legislature itself. 
 
 In consequence of the great expense to which Sir 
 William Montacute was put in acquiring the Isle, he was 
 forced to mortgage it for seven years to the notorious 
 Anthony Beck, the belligerent Bishop of Durham, and 
 Patriarch of Jerusalem, who managed to prevail on the 
 weak and facile Richard II. to give him a grant of it for 
 his life. The Montacute family, however, still retained 
 their claim ; and, in the year 1393, William, Earl of 
 Salisbury, son of the former William, and grandson of 
 Sir Simon Montacute, sold his right and title to Sir 
 William Scroop, chamberlain to the king, and afterwards 
 (1397) created Earl of Wiltshire. The record of the 
 purchase runs thus, in a translation from the original : 
 
 " William le Scroop buys of William Montacute the Isle of 
 Eubonia i.e. Man. It is forsooth the law of the said Island 
 that whoever be its Lord shall have the title of King & also the 
 right to be crowned with a golden crown." 
 
 Whilst it was in his possession, the Earl of Warwick, 
 being a favourer of the House of Lancaster, was banished 
 to the Isle of Man, and confined in Peel Castle. 
 
 It is well known, however, that Henry, Duke of Lan- 
 caster, (afterwards Henry IV. of England,) soon after 
 his landing, in 1309, besieged Bristol Castle, which, not 
 being able to hold out more than four days, the garrison
 
 28 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 surrendered at discretion. Amongst the prisoners were the 
 aforesaid William Scrope, and two others of Richard II. 's 
 council, and extremely obnoxious to the people. Without 
 any form of trial, Henry ordered them to be immediately 
 executed. Notwithstanding the Act 34 Edward III., 
 chap. 12, which inhibited the escheators from claiming 
 land, on the ground of treason surmised in persons then 
 dead, who had not been attainted in their life-time, 
 Henry set up in opposition the military judgment, or 
 council of war, which had condemned these persons to 
 death, and proceeded at once to deal with their property 
 as that of persons under attainder forfeited to the crown, 
 and, subsequently, as appears by the proceedings in 
 Parliament the 19th of November of that year, obtained 
 the sanction of both the Lords and Commons to legalize 
 these acts. 
 
 He had, however, previously, on the 18th of October, 
 given and granted the Isle of Man to Henry Percy, Earl 
 of Northumberland, by charter, to the following effect, as 
 given in Camden : 
 
 " We of our special grace have given & granted to Henry 
 Earl of Northumberland the Isle, Castle, Pile & Lordship of 
 Man, with all such Islands & Seigniories thereunto belonging as 
 were Sir William Le Scrop's k* now deceased ; whom in his life 
 we conquered ; & w h by reason of this our conquest fell to us. 
 Which very conquest & decree as touching the person of the said 
 William & all the lands, tenements goods & chattels, as well 
 within as without the kingdom belonging to him are now, at the 
 petition of the Commons of our kingdom & by the consent of 
 the Lords, temporal now assembled in Parliament ratified & 
 confirmed to have & to hold to the said Earl & his heirs &c. by 
 service of carrying at every coronation day of us & our heirs at 
 the left shoulder of us & our heirs either by himself in person 
 or by some sufficient & honorable deputy that sword (w h we 
 wore when we arrived at Holderness) called Lancaster sword," 
 &c.
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 29 
 
 The possession, however, of the Island by the Earl of 
 Northumberland was but of short continuance. 
 
 He was four years after, on his attainder, deprived of 
 it again by Act of Parliament, and in the seventh year 
 of his reign (A.D. 1406) the king granted it to Sir John 
 Stanley for life only. Subsequently (A.D. 1407) he ex- 
 tended the grant to him in perpetuity, in as full and 
 ample a manner as it had been granted to any former 
 lord to be held of the crown of England, by paying to 
 the king, his heirs and successors, a cast of falcons at 
 their coronation. Sir John Stanley died in the beginning 
 of 1414, being at the time Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 " a man truly great and an honour to his country." He 
 married Isabel, only daughter of Sir Thomas Latham, of 
 Latham, and thence took the eagle and child for his crest. 
 
 He was succeeded by his son Sir John Stanley, who 
 came into the Isle in the year 1417, and in the June of 
 the same year convened a meeting of the whole Island at 
 the Tynwald Hill, on which occasion were promulgated 
 the laws which appear first in the Statute Book of the 
 Island. 
 
 He held subsequent Tynwald Courts, either in person 
 or by his lieutenants, in the years 1422, 1429 and 1430, 
 in which important alterations were made in previous laws, 
 and new ones enacted ; amongst the former, " prowess, 
 or trial by combat," which had hitherto been allowed, 
 was henceforth abolished. He married Isabel, the only 
 daughter of Sir John, and sister of Sir William Har- 
 rington, of Hornby Castle, near Lancaster. Both these 
 Isabellas appear to have been styled Queens of Man. 
 His death took place in 1432, when he was succeeded by 
 Sir Thomas Stanley, his son, created (A.D. 1456) Baron 
 Stanley by Henry VI. ; after whom succeeded (A.D. 1460) 
 Thomas, his son, created first Earl of Derby by Henry 
 VII. in 1485. He married Margaret, daughter of the
 
 30 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 Duke of Somerset, and Dowager-Duchess of Richmond, 
 and mother of Henry VII. He is remarkable in English 
 history as having crowned the Earl of Richmond imme- 
 diately after the battle of Bosworth Field. In 1505 he 
 was succeeded by Thomas, his grandson, who resigned 
 the regal title, under the conviction that " to be a great 
 lord is more honourable than to be a petty king." 
 
 On his decease in 1521, Edward, his son, was only 
 fourteen years of age, and the Island was, therefore, 
 during his minority, under a commission, consisting of the 
 Bishop, the Lieutenant-Governor, and Cardinal Wolsey, 
 Archbishop of York and Chancellor of England. 
 
 After his accession to the Lordship of the Isle, he lived 
 forty-four years, in the reign of Henry VIII., Edward 
 VI., Mary and Elizabeth, and saw through the eventful 
 period of the Reformation. He died October 24, 1572. 
 
 Henry, his son, succeeded him as fourth Earl of Derby. 
 He married Margaret, only daughter of Henry Clifford, 
 Earl of Cumberland, by his wife Eleanor, daughter of 
 the Duke of Suffolk, by Mary, younger sister of Henry 
 VIII. His wife was thus first cousin, once removed, to 
 Queen Elizabeth. He appears in all his acts to have 
 been a strenuous supporter of the Reformation, which 
 hardly was carried out in the Isle of Man during the 
 life of his father. He was a bitter enemy of Mary Queen 
 of Scots, and was appointed one of the commissioners 
 for her trial at Fotheringay. He died September 25, 
 1594, leaving two sons, Ferdinand and William, of whom 
 the latter had been Governor of the Isle the year before 
 his father's death. 
 
 Ferdinand, the elder son, succeeding to the Lordship 
 of Man in 1594, was poisoned by his servant in the 
 beginning of the following year. Seacome hints that he 
 was put out of the way at the suggestion of Queen 
 Elizabeth, as having too close pretensions to the crown
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 31 
 
 of England. He appears to have been a literary character 
 and a poet. A sonnet by him may be seen in the Anti- 
 quarian Repertory, Vol. III., No. V., p. 134. Upon his 
 death, his younger brother William, endeavouring to take 
 possession, found his claim contested on behalf of the four 
 daughters of Ferdinand, who had left no son. 
 
 Queen Elizabeth appointed a commission to determine 
 the question ; in the meantime taking the Island under 
 her own protection, and appointing Sir Thomas Gerrard 
 Governor. When James I. came to the throne, he seems 
 to have taken advantage of the doubts created as to the 
 rightful heirs to make grants of the Island at different 
 times to other parties not connected with the Derby 
 family, as the Earls of Northampton and Salisbury, and 
 their heirs, then on lease to Robert, Earl of Salisbury, and 
 Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, for twenty-one years. Perhaps 
 he may have been led to this from a consideration of 
 the feeling shown- towards his unfortunate mother by 
 Earl Henry. 
 
 After years of litigation the result was given in favour 
 of the female succession, but a compromise being entered 
 into between the daughters of Ferdinand and their uncle, 
 an Act was passed in 1610, assuring and establishing the 
 Isle of Man in the name and blood of William, Earl of 
 Derby, who then entered upon possession. Towards the 
 close of his life, being desirous of retiring from public 
 business, he, by deed of gift (A.D. 1637) to his son James, 
 Lord Strange, placed in his power the Isle of Man, and 
 all his other estates, on condition of the payment to 
 himself of an annuity therefrom of 1000. Earl William 
 died in 1642. 
 
 James, some time before this deed of gift, had visited 
 the Isle of Man, and took order for the settling the 
 government. His name appears connected with the acts 
 of Tynwald passed in 1629 and 1636. The conduct of
 
 32 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 this noble earl during the civil war, and the particulars 
 of his execution at Bolton in 1651, are matters of history 
 well known ; but it may be well to give here a brief 
 sketch of some of the latter years of his life, for the 
 purpose of introducing one or two particulars which have 
 not, I believe, hitherto appeared in print, and which are 
 more immediately connected with the Isle of Man, and 
 his occupation of this ancient castle of Rushen. 
 
 After raising the siege of Latham House in 1644, the 
 Earl of Derby retired with his noble and heroic Countess 
 Charlotte (daughter of Claude de Tremouille, Duke of 
 Thouars, and grand-daughter of William I., Prince of 
 Orange) to his dearly-valued Elian Vannin and Rushen 
 Castle. A threatened invasion of the Island by the Par- 
 liamentary forces, and rumours of disaffection amongst 
 the Manx, made him the more anxious to be upon the 
 spot. Here he bid defiance to the power of Parliament, 
 acknowledging the authority of none but the exiled king 
 himself. 
 
 I subjoin a letter of the noble earl written at this time, 
 which is characteristic. It is preserved in the Rolls Office 
 in Castle Rushen, and has not hitherto been published : 
 
 "October 28 th 1648. 
 
 " Sir, I am not very sure whether I can be at the next head 
 Court at Castletown but however I think good to advertise you 
 of my desire w h is by your mouth to thank my Officers and the 
 24 Keys for that free gift in money w h they readily bestowed on 
 me in my late intended journey for England ; that failing I have 
 (as all know) returned back the money, w h though I was willing 
 to part with all yet shall I never part with the remembrance of 
 that love from w h it came & I heartily rejoice that thereby I find 
 myself so well seated in the affections of this people whose good 
 & profit I take God to witness I shall ever study to advance. I 
 am therefore upon these considerations encouraged to let them 
 know my present occasion in these necessitous times ; for the 
 supply of w h I would by no means keep that w h was given me
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 33 
 
 but would rather chuse to try the same affections once again in 
 the way of a loan, the sum of five-hundred pounds w h I do 
 hereby faithfully promise to repay so soon as it shall please God 
 to restore me to my estate in England. And I trust that by my 
 return of the same affection back again unto them whenever I 
 shall have occasion to express it, they shall find they have laid 
 up their money in a good hand to receive it again with many 
 other advantages. This I do desire you together with my love 
 to recommend unto them & so I rest 
 
 " Your very loving friend 
 
 " From Bishop's Court. " J. DERBY. 
 
 " For the Governor at Castletown, these." 
 
 Very many were the offers which were made to him 
 by the Parliamentarians, if he would but surrender to 
 them the Isle of Man. The restoration of his English 
 estates was promised, and the release of his children, who, 
 by a gross breach of faith, and in defiance of a pass from 
 Fairfax, were detained in captivity ; but his constant 
 answer was, that much as he valued his ancestral lands, 
 and dearly as he loved his offspring, never would he 
 redeem either by an act of disloyalty. Angry at soli- 
 citations which implied an insult to his honour, Derby 
 returned the following reply to that fierce republican 
 Ireton, who had urged the old proposal with renewed 
 earnestness : 
 
 " I received your letter with indignation, and with scorn I 
 return you this answer : that I cannot but wonder whence you 
 should gather any hopes from me, that I should (like you) prove 
 treacherous to my Sovereign, since you cannot be insensible of 
 my former actings in his late Majesty's service; from which 
 principle of loyalty I am no way departed. I scorn your proffers ; 
 I disdain your favours ; I abhor your treasons ; and am so far 
 from delivering this island to your advantage, that I will keep it 
 to the utmost of my power to your destruction. Take this final 
 answer, and forbear any further solicitations ; for if you trouble 
 me with any more messages upon this occasion, I will burn the 
 paper and hang the bearer. 
 
 F
 
 34 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 " This is the immutable resolution, and shall be the undoubted 
 practice of him, who accounts it the chiefest glory to be 
 
 " His Majesty's most loyal and obedient subject, 
 
 " DERBY. 
 " Castle Town, 12th July 1649." 
 
 Looking from this spot to the north-east over Castle- 
 town Bay and Hango Hill, our eye rests, at the distance 
 of a mile and a half, upon the little Islet of St. Michael, 
 forming, with the causeway which connects it with the 
 northern end of Langness, the eastern side of Derby 
 Haven. We can, perhaps, distinguish with the naked 
 eye two ruined buildings upon it. The more southerly 
 is a ruined chapel of considerable antiquity, for it was a 
 ruin more than two hundred years ago, when figured by 
 Chaloner, and it will well repay the visit of an antiquarian ; 
 the more northerly is a dilapidated fort, which, according 
 to the same Chaloner, was raised by James, the aforesaid 
 illustrious seventh Earl of Derby, as a protection to the 
 harbour of Ronaldsway. Over the doorway is an oblong 
 stone with an earl's coronet in relief, and a date, the two 
 first figures of which are 1 and 6, but the last two much 
 defaced, which has given rise to many absurd statements 
 respecting this building. The question is set at rest, and 
 the date determined to be 1645, by the following memo- 
 randum, which occurs amongst the archives of Castle 
 Rushen : 
 
 " Liber Scaccar. 1645. Castle Rushen. 
 
 " Be it recorded that James Earl of Derby, Lord of Man, 
 being in his Lordship's Fort in Saint Michael's isle, the 26 of 
 April 1645 the day twelve months that the house of Lathom 
 having been besieged close, near three months, and gallantly 
 defended by the great Wisdome & valour of the illustrious Lady 
 Charlotte Countess of Derby by her Ladyship's direction the 
 stout soldiers of Lathom did make a sallie & beate the enemie 
 round out of all their works saving one & miraculously did bring 
 the enemie's great morter-piece into the house, for which the
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 35 
 
 thanks & glorie is given unto God, and my Lord doth name this 
 fort 
 
 " Derby Fort. 
 
 " Charlotte Delatremoille." 
 
 The thickness of the walls is eight feet, but they are 
 not solid throughout. Forty years ago it was furnished 
 with four iron cannons. A turret has been raised upon 
 the wall on the eastern side as a light-house, in which, 
 during the herring season, a light is kept burning from 
 sunset to sunrise. 
 
 There is a proverb that " he that is born to be hanged 
 can never be drowned." The great Stanlagh was born to 
 be executed at Bolton ; in all other respects he seems to 
 have borne a charmed life ; his miraculous escape from 
 the malice of his enemies near this very spot, the fort of 
 his own erection, and the trophy, as it were, of his wife's 
 victory, has never, that I am aware of, appeared in print, 
 but it was faithfully recorded at the time in the parish 
 register, in the following terms : 
 
 " The 15 th of August 1650. Our honourable Lord James Earle 
 of Derby with some men were on board a shipp of Capt* John 
 Barklow in Derby-Haven, and at his Honourable's return from 
 that shipp, after night-fall being scarce fiftie yards gone from the 
 said shipp, a peece of ord'nance loaden with cartridge shot Collonel 
 Snayd through the Shoulder, and brake all the bones thereof being 
 on one side of our honourable Lord in the Boate, and Colonel 
 Richard Weston on this side of my Lord was shott through the 
 head (the top of the skull & the Brains was taken away) and dyed 
 immediately. The Lord God of Israel for ever be praised for his 
 mighty & miraculous protection & preservation. Our Right Hon- 
 ourable Lord was kept by the hand of Providence safe & not 
 touched. Likewise one Phillip Lucas, Maister of the fishing 
 boate, was shott through the head and presently dyed. And the 
 next day, being August the 16 th , the said Collonel Weston was 
 buried in the Chancel of Malew by the side of the altar on the 
 east side & Phillip Lucas buried in the Church yard. Collonel
 
 36 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 Ralph Snaid buried Feb y 6 th and that upon the right side of 
 Collonel Weston in the Chancel." 
 
 The " Great Stanlagh " remained in the Isle of Man 
 till 1651, when Charles II. entered England at the head 
 of an army of Presbyterians, with whom it was impos- 
 sible that he and the English royalists could cordially 
 co-operate. Still he was present and fought at the 
 disastrous battle of Worcester, September 3rd ; conducted 
 the king after the battle to St. Martin's Gate, and directed 
 him to concealment at White Ladies and Boscobel ; was 
 himself made a prisoner, under promise of quarter, by 
 Major Edge; which promise was violated, and Derby was 
 cruelly beheaded at Bolton-le-Moors, on Wednesday the 
 15th October, 1651. 
 
 After her husband's death, his noble countess still held 
 out her domains of Man, " ruling it with a broken heart, 
 but unbroken spirit." But there was a traitor in the 
 camp, and one who added to his treachery the basest 
 ingratitude. 
 
 William Christian (or, as the Manx call him, Illiam 
 Dhone, i.e., William the Fair-Haired, from the colour of 
 his hair) had been a protegb of the Earl of Derby, who 
 reposed in him sufficient confidence to leave him, on his 
 unfortunate departure for England, with the command 
 of the insular troops, and the care of the Countess and 
 children. He entered into a conspiracy " to withstand 
 the Lady of Derby and her designs," and it is said that, 
 on the first appearance of the Parliamentary troops, under 
 Colonel Duckenfield, off the Island, he seized upon her 
 at dead of night, and conveyed her and her family as 
 prisoners to the invading army. 
 
 Into the true character of this man we may gain a 
 further insight from the circumstance that, when James 
 Chaloner was appointed commissioner by Lord Fairfax, 
 he found it necessary to sequestrate the estate of Illiam
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 37 
 
 Dhone, who, as the reward of his treachery, had been 
 made receiver-general in 1653, and, in addition, held the 
 office of Governor from 1656 to 1658, in which capacity 
 he received the profits of the sequestrated bishopric. This 
 Chaloner did to make compensation for arrears of the 
 exchequer, and imprisoned William's brother John for 
 assisting him in escaping off the Island. 
 
 After the Restoration, Illiam Dhone, under the im- 
 pression that Charles II. 's amnesty and indemnity would 
 be a sufficient bar against all legal proceedings, returned 
 to the Isle of Man. By a mandate, however, of Charles, 
 the eighth Earl of Derby, dated at Lathom, September, 
 1662, William Christian was proceeded against for all his 
 illegal actions at, before, or after 1651, and the majority 
 of the Court overruling the plea of the general amnesty 
 as not availing in the Isle of Man, in case of treason 
 against a member of the reigning family, he was sen- 
 tenced to be forthwith " shot to death, that thereupon 
 his life may depart from his body." 
 
 The following entry occurs in the parish register of 
 Malew : 
 
 " Mr. William Christian of Ronaldsway, late Receiver was 
 shot to death at Hango Hill, 2 nd January 1662 (1663 N.S.) He 
 died most penitently & most courageously, made a good end, 
 prayed earnestly, & next day was buried in the chancel of Kirk 
 Malew." 
 
 His memory is held sacred by Manxmen, and by them 
 he has been regarded as a martyr in the cause of popular 
 liberty. 
 
 Charlotte de la Tremouille, the noble and heroic 
 Countess of Derby, seems to have taken no part herself 
 in the death of Illiam Dhone. She spent her few re- 
 maining days at the family seat of Knowsley Hall, in 
 Lancashire, and died there on March 21st, 1663. Her 
 earthly remains lie at Ormskirk.
 
 38 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 In contrast with the character of William Christian, 
 it is quite refreshing to study that of his almost imme- 
 diate predecessor in the Governorship of the Isle of Man, 
 the faithful and heroic John Greenalgh. He had been 
 selected for that post of honour and high trust in those 
 troublous times by the great Stanlagh, for the following 
 reasons, which he (Derby) has handed down to posterity 
 in that famous letter to his son, which is published in 
 Peck's Desiderata Curiosa : 
 
 " First, that he was a gentleman well born and such usually 
 scorn a base action. 
 
 " Secondly, that he has a good estate of his own, and there- 
 fore need not borrow of another, w h hath been the fault of this 
 country, for when Governors have wanted & been forced to be 
 beholden to those who may be the greatest offenders against the 
 Lord & Country, in such case the Borrower becomes servant to 
 the Lender, to the Stoppage, if not the perversion of Justice ; 
 Next he was a deputy Lieu 1 and Justice of the Peace for his own 
 county; he governed his own affairs well & therefore was the 
 more likely to do mine so; he hath been approved Prudent & 
 Valiant & as such fitter to be trusted. In fine he is such that I 
 thank God for him, and charge you to love him as a Friend." 
 
 Subsequent events proved the discernment of the noble 
 earl, and the wisdom of his choice. John Greenalgh 
 preserved tranquillity in the Isle of Man from 1640 to 
 to 1651. In that year, with the Earl of Derby, and 300 
 Manxmen, he left the Isle of Man, and hurried to the 
 support of Charles II. He was present, with his noble 
 master, in the battles of Wigan Lane and Worcester. In 
 this latter, in order to save the standard from being taken, 
 he tore it from the pole, and wrapped it round his body. 
 
 After securing the retreat of King Charles, who, with 
 the Earl of Derby, Father Huddleston, and some others, 
 made their way, after the battle and defeat, to Boscobel 
 and the " White Ladies ;" he died of the wounds which 
 he received in that encounter with Major Edge, to which
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 39 
 
 allusion has before been made, in which the Earl of 
 Derby was himself made prisoner, surrendering under 
 promise of quarter. The portrait of this remarkable man 
 is still preserved to us in the family of Thomas Sutcliffe, 
 Esq., one of his descendants, of Ashton-under-Lyne, and 
 it exhibits the characteristics of honesty, with sternness 
 of purpose. There is something of romance in the history 
 of this portrait. It travelled abroad, and went to the 
 Isle of Juan Fernandez, and was rescued from destruction 
 in a very remarkable manner, during the notorious earth- 
 quake which occurred there in 1835, when it was very 
 nearly carried out to sea by the reflux wave. With such 
 a governor as this, had he been spared to her, with 
 faithful and brave Manxmen around her person, and such 
 a castle as this for her refuge, can we doubt but. that the 
 noble Countess, who had so valiantly defended Latham 
 House, would have given the Parliamentarians some 
 further trouble, and perhaps have gained for herself and 
 her family more honourable and easier terms than those 
 with which she was at length permitted to " depart the 
 Isle ? " The limestone of which the castle is built is nearly 
 as hard as granite, and there are within the keep several 
 rooms vaulted with stone, with walls seven and eight feet 
 in thickness ; and there were the glacis, the moat, and 
 the rampart without the keep, first to be overcome, ere 
 an approach could be made to the inner gate. It is 
 recorded by Sacheverell that, in 1313, the redoubted 
 Robert Bruce himself sat down before this castle of 
 Rushen for six months, whilst it was obstinately defended 
 by one Dingay Dowyll, or Dugal Macdouall, " though 
 in whose name we do not find." 
 
 Perhaps some may feel interested in learning how this 
 castle was defended in the oMen time. Here then are the 
 regulations ordained by an Act of Tynwald, at a Court 
 holden 24th June, 1610:
 
 40 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 " Whereas we are enjoined by the right worshipful John 
 Ireland Esq Lieu* & Capt" of this Isle by Vertue of our oaths to 
 give notice of our knowledge of the ancient order and duties 
 
 O w 
 
 observed by the souldiers of the castles of Rushen and Peele, 
 in our times and memories, and for that purposs wee twelve, 
 whose names are subscribed, were chosen, whereof six be sworne 
 souldiers at the castle Rushen, and six at the castle Peele, upon 
 advised consideration had, wee find and knowe, That all the 
 ancient orders, customes, and duties to be performed in the said 
 castles, are extant in the rowles, and enrolled in the bookes of 
 the statutes of this Isle, and these which we do add hereafter are, 
 and have beene, customarie and usual. 
 
 " First, At the entrance and admittance of any souldier to either 
 of either of the said castles, the ordinarie oath was to this purpose : 
 The oath of a " First, Our allegiance to our soveraigne, next 
 souldier. our faith, fedilitie, and service to the right honoble 
 
 earls of Derbie and their heires, our duties and our obedience to 
 our lieutenant or cheefe governour and our constable in all lawful 
 causes, and noe further. 
 
 Souldiers to ap- " Item. It hath been accustomed and still con- 
 pear at the tinued, that every souldier at the sound of the 
 the sound of the drume, or ringinge of the alarums bell (the heareing 
 drume. or knowinge of the same) shall forthwith make his 
 
 present appearance in the gate of either castle, then and there to 
 pforme what shall be enjoyned one them by the lieutnnt, or the 
 constable in his absence. 
 
 ht b 11 t " I* 6 ' ^ na th been accustomed that night bell 
 be runge, and should be runge a little after the sun settinge, 
 the guarde set. and that by the porter> an( j t h e constable and his 
 
 deputie with a sufficient guard to be in the castle, for the saufe 
 keepinge and defence of the same. 
 
 Porter to locke " Item. It hath been accustomed and continued, 
 the gates. that the constable or his deputie should goe with 
 
 the wardens to the castle gates, and there cause the porter to 
 locke the castle gates, and then the watch to be fourthwith set. 
 " Item. It hath been accustomed, that at either 
 
 Concerning the 
 
 porter and watch castle there hath beene two standinge porters, who 
 
 men ' have by course every other weeke held the staff, 
 
 and given attendance at the gate during one whole yeare, begin- 
 inge at Michallmas ; the said porters to be nominated by the
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 s 

 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 41 
 
 constable, and then allowed by the lieutnnt and governour, and 
 
 two standinge watchmen in like manner for the nightlie watchinge 
 
 upon the walls; and every officer, souldier, and 
 
 servant, is to doe his pettie watch from May till 
 
 Michallmas. 
 
 Time of opening " Item. It hath been accustomed, that the castle 
 ates - gates should not be opened by any man after 
 
 lockeinge at night (the governor onelie excepted) until the 
 watchman ringe the day bell, which was to be done so soone as 
 the watchman could pfectli discover the land markes bounded 
 within a mile and a halfe of either castle ; which beinge done, the 
 porter was accustomed to goe about the walles, and looke that 
 all things be cleere, and forthwith to returne to the constable or 
 his deputie, and affirme all things to be as the watchman had 
 formerlie spoken to the constable or his deputie. 
 Souidiers 1 - " '* ^ atn ^ een acustomed, that the souldiers 
 inge in at both should ward in the castle gates one day in the 
 houses. weeke, and they of the castle Rushen to lye within 
 
 the house the night before their warding-day, and the souldiers of 
 the castle Peele to lie in the night before, and the night after, in 
 respect the tyd fallinge out uncertainlie, and for more saufe guard 
 of that castle, beinge nearer to our enemies the Redshankes. 
 inner gate locked " ^ nat ^ " Deen accustomed and still continued, 
 by one of the that one of the wardens of the inward ward at 
 castle Rushen shall at night locke the inner gate, 
 and keepe the keys thereof to himselfe till morninge, and hath 
 pformed all things therein as constable that night in that ward. 
 
 " It hath been accustomed, that the receiuer of 
 The receiver at ... ,, , ,, , -,,. -. , , 
 
 Micheiimas either castle hath at Michellmas made yearly 
 
 chuseth a stew- choise of a steward, who hath beene allowed by 
 
 1I'(1 
 
 the lieutnnt or captain for the time beinge. 
 
 The souldiers to " ^ ^ at h ^ een accus tonied and still continued, 
 work the Lord's that the souldiers of either castle have wrought the 
 hay ' Lord's hay, whensoever they have beene thereunto 
 
 called. 
 _, " It hath been accustomed, that Mr. Gunner of 
 
 Two gunners to 
 
 have either of either castle hath had allowance of an apprentice, 
 
 ti^and^of and that either himselfe or his apprentice hath 
 
 them to lie in every night linen in the said castle. 
 
 every night. Notwithstanding all theise orders, usues, and 
 
 G
 
 42 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 customes, here set downe, the lieutnnt, captain, or chiefe governor 
 for the time beinge, in his wisdome and accordinge to the neces- 
 Lieut. to re- s ^ e f ^ me set downe orders and decrees for both 
 peal, as need castles in all lawfull causes, and repeal the same 
 
 requireth these . ,., / /r- j u- 
 
 or any of their agame, which every intenour omcer and soldier is 
 
 orders. to obey by reason of his oath. 
 
 " Thomas Moore, Henerey Garrett, Tho. Whetstons, Tho. 
 Lea, Win. Lassell, Edward Lucas, Will. Bridgen, John Crellin, 
 Jo. Gauen, Hugh Lambe, Rich. Fisher, John Colbin. 
 
 " John Ire Land, Lieutnnt. 
 At castle Rus- William Lucas. Will. Ratcliffe, Tho. Sainsbury, 
 
 shens the 20th 7^ -p v . 
 
 day of July 1610. "8. fcwan Aian. 
 
 In the Lex Scripta and Statute Books of the Isle of 
 Man, ranging from the beginning of the fifteenth century 
 to the close of the seventeenth, we have various singular 
 ordinances relative to the garrison of Castle Rushen, and 
 the supply of provisions to it and the castle at Peel. 
 
 In each of these castles it was ordained that there 
 should be " Eleven bowles of maut ground, and eleven 
 bowles wheate, the maut to be laid upon the floor and 
 the wheate to be put into pipes," and that " thirty cast 
 of bread be made out of one bowle of wheate and ten 
 hogsheads of beer from nine bowles of maut ; and that 
 no chessel. brand, or grain go forth of the castle into any 
 man's house before the said brand be seen by the butler 
 and two hall keepers, nor till the bread be brought into 
 the pantrie." 
 
 Again, stewards were appointed to see that " the 
 beeves be brought into the castles and salted between 
 Michaelmas and S 4 Andrew's day, so many as they shall 
 need at the said castles till S* Andrew's day come again, 
 except every week one beefe to be spent through the year ; 
 and the said beeves left unkilled of the stores to remain in 
 the hands of the richest men and best farmers ; and that 
 they be charged to keep them upon double value of said 
 beeves until they be called for to the use of the said castles."
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 43 
 
 Several of these enactments seem to have been of a 
 most oppressive character. The feudal spirit powerfully 
 prevailed, and the Lord of the Isle exercised his authority 
 in exaction to the utmost extent that the poverty of 
 the Isle allowed. A comptroller was appointed, whose 
 duty it was to consult what was needful for the castles, 
 and then to send for the receivers of both places, and 
 have their farther advice, " That my lord might have 
 what was necessary or was his pleasure before any man." 
 
 That the burden was felt to be severe, and that the 
 inhabitants of the Isle made remonstrances, may be 
 gathered from the following ordinance of 1593 : 
 
 " Whereas, heretofore every quarterland hath been accustomed 
 to pay every year a beefe into the Castle and Peele which is 
 above six hundred beeves a year ; it is my desire that one hundred 
 of the poor shall be spared every year at the discretion of my 
 captaine and the rest of my chief officers, and so to pay five 
 hundred beeves, if the country like well of this my order, or els 
 to pay as they have been accustomed heretofore, and I to be 
 answered w h of these ways the country will make choice of; 
 provided always that this shall not in any ways hinder or be 
 prejudiciale if any occasion of wars or other causes whereby I 
 shall have occasion to send more number than my ordinary 
 garrison for defence of the said Island ; but that then provision 
 may be according to the ancient lawes of my said Island to 
 have what is necessary." 
 
 Statutes were also passed enjoining contributions of 
 turf and ling for fuel to these castles, and a fine of four- 
 pence was imposed in default of every enjoined carriage 
 of turves, each carriage being required to contain " fifty 
 two turves, one cubit long, and three inches square in 
 the middest." Even the herring fishery, so important to 
 the Isle, did not escape. For every fishing-boat on the 
 coast, whether belonging to landholders, barrens, officers, 
 or soldiers, it was anciently ordained that " a castle maze 
 should be paid out of every five maze, and so in pro-
 
 44 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 portion as such boat went to sea." This heavy contri- 
 bution of a fifth of the fishing was subsequently remitted 
 in part, for we find an act passed in 1613, limiting the 
 contribution to " four mazes from a countryman who 
 keeps a scowte for the fishing season," whilst foreigners 
 were required to pay " two mazes out of the first nights 
 fishing, and a like number weekly;" but for smaller boats 
 only half that quantity was to be demanded. 
 
 It is somewhat amusing to trace out the distribution of 
 all these imposts amongst the various government officers 
 and the soldiers of the garrison. They are given very 
 exactly in the ordinances of 1422, for the regulation of 
 Castle Rushen. Thus we read : 
 
 " It is ordained that the lieu 1 have one loafe of breade and one 
 gallon of ale, two candles in summer and three in winter, and 
 reasonable fuel every night from All Hallow day till Easter and 
 iij men and one page, iij horses at hay with xx bowles of oats at 
 the Lord's price. And the Receivers to have a pottle of ale, 
 halfe a loafe of breade, one candle in summer and ij in winter, 
 and reasonable fyre in the same manner; and one man ij horses 
 at hay and xij bowles of oats. The Clerke of the Rowles to 
 have one quarte of beere, one candle in summer and ij in winter, 
 one horse at hay and six bowles of oats, with one page. The 
 constables of both places (i.e., of Castle Rushen and Peel Castle) 
 a quarte of beere, half a loafe of breade, ij candles, fuel in winter 
 reasonable and ij turves a night in summer to search the watch ; 
 and the water bayliffe to have as much as the receivers aforesaid 
 and no more liveries without special warrant from the Lord. 
 
 "Item. That none of the souldiers or officers shall have any 
 liveries or allowances forth to their houses att any time from 
 henceforward, except they be visited with sickness at least two 
 days before and so known to the head officers, and then by their 
 discretion, to allow them honestly for a day the third part of a 
 tyld of beefe, one mess of mutton one caune of beere of two 
 quarts one loafe of breade for dinner and the third part of a 
 tyld of beefe and a caune of beere of two quarts for supper." 
 
 To turn from these realities, which are all more inte-
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 45 
 
 resting than fiction, we may just record one or two of 
 those strange tales respecting this castle in the days of 
 yore which Waldron loves to dwell upon : 
 
 " They tell you that the castle was at first inhabited by fairies, 
 and afterwards by giants, who continued in possession of it till 
 the days of Merlin, who, by the force of magic, dislodged the 
 greatest part of them, and bound the rest in spells, which they 
 believe will be indissoluble to the end of the world : for proof of 
 this they tell you a very old story : they say there are a great 
 number of fine apartments under-ground, exceeding in magnifi- 
 cence any of the upper rooms ; several men of more than ordinary 
 courage, have, in former times, ventured down to explore the 
 secrets of this subterraneous dwelling-place, but none of them 
 ever returned to tell what they saw; it was therefore judged 
 convenient that all the passes to it should be kept continually 
 shut, that no more might suffer from their temerity. But about 
 some fifty or fifty-five years since, a person who had an un- 
 common boldness and resolution, never left soliciting permission 
 of those who had the power to grant it, to visit those dark 
 abodes : in fine he went down, and returned by the help of a 
 clue of packthread, which he took with him, which no man before 
 himself had ever done; and brought this amazing discovery, 
 viz. : That after having passed through a great number of vaults, 
 he came into a long narrow place which, the farther he penetrated, 
 he perceived he went more and more on a descent, till having 
 travelled, as near as he could guess, for the space of a mile, he 
 began to see a little gleam of light, which, though it seemed to 
 come from a vast distance, yet was the most delightful he had 
 ever beheld in his life. Having at length come to the end of 
 that lane of darkness, he perceived a very large and magnificent 
 house, illuminated with a great many candles, whence proceeded 
 the light just now mentioned : having, before he begun this 
 expedition, fortified himself well with brandy, he had courage 
 enough to knock at the door, which a servant at the third knock 
 having opened, asked him what he wanted. ' I would go as far 
 as I can,' replied our adventurer ; ' be so kind therefore to direct 
 me how to accomplish my design, for I see no passage but this 
 dark cavern through which I came.' The servant told him he 
 must go through that house, and accordingly led him through a
 
 46 RUSHEN CASTLE. 
 
 long entry, and out at a back-door. He then walked a con- 
 siderable way, and at last beheld another house, more magnificent 
 than the first; and the windows being all open, discovered innu- 
 merable lamps burning in every room. Here he designed also to 
 knock, but had the curiosity to step on a little bank which com- 
 manded a low parlour ; on looking in, he beheld a vast table in 
 the middle of the room, of black marble, and on it, extended at 
 full length, a man or monster ; for by his account he could not 
 be less than fourteen feet long, and ten or eleven round the body. 
 This prodigious fabric lay as if sleeping, with his head on a book, 
 and a sword by him, of a size answerable to the hand which it is 
 supposed made use of it. This sight was more terrifying to the 
 traveller than all the dark and dreary mansions he had passed 
 through in his arrival to it : he resolved therefore not to attempt 
 entrance into a place inhabited by persons of that unusual stature, 
 and made the best of his way back to the other house, where the 
 same servant re-conducted, and informed him, that if he had 
 knocked at the second door he would have seen company enough, 
 but never could have returned. On which he desired to know 
 what place it was, and by whom possessed ; but the other replied 
 that these things were not to be revealed. He then took his 
 leave, and by the same dark passage got into the vaults, and 
 soon after once more ascended to the light of the sun. Ridiculous 
 as this narrative appears, whoever seems to disbelieve it is looked 
 on as a person of weak faith." 
 
 The same veracious author relates the following marvel 
 also, with which I shall close this notice of the ancient 
 Castle of Rushen : 
 
 " A mighty bustle they also make of an apparition, which they 
 say haunts Castle Rushen in the form of a woman, who was 
 some years ago executed for the murder of her child. I have 
 heard not only the debtors, but the soldiers of the garrison, affirm 
 that they have seen it at various times ; but what I took most 
 notice of was the report of a gentleman, of whose good under- 
 standing as well as veracity I have a very high opinion. He told 
 me that, happening to be abroad late one night, and caught in 
 an excessive storm of wind and rain, he saw a woman stand 
 before the castle gate ; and as the place afforded not the smallest 
 shelter, the circumstance surprized him, and he wondered that
 
 RUSHEN CASTLE. 47 
 
 any one, particularly a female, should not rather run to some 
 little porch or shed, of which there are several in Castletown, 
 than choose to stand still, alone and exposed to such a dreadful 
 tempest. His curiosity exciting him to draw nearer that he might 
 discover who it was that seemed so little to regard the fury of 
 the elements, he perceived she retreated on his approach, and at 
 last, he thought, went into the castle, though the gates were shut. 
 This obliging him to think that he had seen a spirit, sent him 
 home very much terrified : but the next day relating his adventure 
 to some people who lived in the castle, and describing as near as 
 he could the garb and stature of the apparition, they told him it 
 was that of the woman above-mentioned, who had frequently 
 been observed by the soldiers on guard to pass in and out of the 
 gates, as well as to walk through the rooms, though there were 
 no visible means to enter. Though so familiar to the eye, no 
 person has yet had the courage to speak to it ; and as they say 
 that a spirit has no power to reveal its mind unless conjured to 
 do so in a proper manner, the reason of its being permitted to 
 wander is unknown."
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 " And yet there still remains 
 
 Beauty and peace in thee, 
 And in thy loneliness 
 There is deep witchery." 
 
 MRS. E. S. C. GREEN. 
 
 Two miles from Castletown northwards is Ballasalla, 
 famous, last century, for its poultry market, and the 
 largest and most picturesque village in the Island. Take 
 a turn to the left for the purpose of musing awhile in 
 the neighbourhood of the remains of the abbey of Rushen. 
 Just above the abbey of Rushen is a very old bridge, 
 how old it would be hard to tell ; it appears in the earliest 
 maps of the Island, and is sketched by Camden as a 
 remarkable object in his day. It is impassable by any 
 vehicle except a wheelbarrow, being only six feet eight 
 inches in the clear, and indicates a time when pack-horses 
 were alone used for the transport of men and their chattels. 
 One of the arches is pointed. The neighbours know it 
 by the name of the Crossag. Just above it is a mill-dam, 
 whose original fabrication we may well believe to have 
 been by the monks of this abbey. How frequent a 
 concomitant the mill is to the religious houses of the 
 Cistercian order is well known ; and as they, in the Isle 
 of Man, were the special almoners of the poor, there is 
 the best reason for believing that it was not by mere 
 accident that in this locality, as in most others, the abbey 
 and the mill were so closely connected. It is stated by 
 Sacheverell, but on uncertain authority, that this abbey 
 was founded by one Macmarus, A.D. 1098, Goddard
 
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 CO 
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 LU

 
 RUSHEN ABBEY. 49 
 
 Crovan, son of Harold the Black, of Iceland, was at this 
 time really King of Man, though temporarily expelled 
 from his kingdom by Magnus Barefoot, (Barefod, or 
 Barbeen, so called from his wearing the Highland dress,) 
 King of Norway, who overran the Western Isles in 1093. 
 Magnus, on his return to Norway, left as his viceroy one 
 Outlier. The inhabitants of the southern district of the 
 Isle rebelled, and elected Macmarus in his stead. A 
 battle was fought at Stantway, in Jurby, in which the 
 southerns were victorious against the northerns, who still 
 sided with Gather, but both the leaders were slain. 
 Sacheverell says that 
 
 " The women of the south side on this occasion came with so 
 much resolution to the assistance of their husbands, that they 
 not only restored the battle, but, as a reward of their bravery and 
 virtue, to this day they enjoy half their husbands' estates during 
 their widowhood, whereas the northern women have but a third." 
 Account of the Isle of Man, p. 34. 
 
 In this juncture Magnus arrived a second time from 
 Norway, A.D. 1098, and again took possession for himself. 
 It is just possible that Macmarus may have given lands at 
 Ballasalla for an abbey, and that the grant was confirmed 
 afterwards by Magnus Barefoot to the Abbot of Rievalle, 
 according to Camden, who further states that " they did 
 not build there." 
 
 Magnus Barelegs was slain in an invasion of Ireland 
 in 1103, at Moichaba. He left four sons, the youngest 
 of whom, Harold Gillie, set up a claim to the throne of 
 Man on the death of his father. This claim was rejected 
 by the inhabitants, who gave in their allegiance to Lag- 
 man, eldest son of Goddard Crovan. (See Appendix -4.) 
 His tyrannical conduct, more especially his cruel treat- 
 ment of his brother Harold, whom he barbarously muti- 
 lated, created such dissatisfaction that he was obliged to 
 fly the country. It is stated by the chroniclers of Rushen 
 
 H
 
 50 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 that, repenting of his cruelty towards his brother, he 
 spontaneously resigned the sceptre, and set out on a pil- 
 grimage to Jerusalem, where he died. 
 
 The Manx, finding themselves thus without a sove- 
 reign, and threatened with foreign enemies determined to 
 send for Olave Kleining, (or the dwarf,) the youngest 
 son of Goddard Crovan, who had been brought up at the 
 court of William Rufus, and his successor, Henry I., 
 whose grand-daughter Affrica (daughter of Fergus, Prince 
 of Galloway) he subsequently married. Olave was then 
 (1111) quietly established on the throne of the Isle, where 
 he appears to have ruled with mildness and equity forty 
 years. 
 
 It is their opponent, Olave I., who must be regarded in 
 reality as the founder of the abbey of Russin, or Rushen. 
 In the year 1134, according to the Chronicon Mannice 
 et Insularum, preserved in the British Museum, written 
 by the monks of this abbey, he gave to " Ivo, or Evan, 
 Abbot of Furness, a portion of his lands in Mann, towards 
 building an abbey in a place called Russin ; he enriched 
 the estate of the church with revenues, and endowed it 
 with great liberties." 
 
 The revenue he apportioned thus : one third of all the 
 tithes to the bishop for his maintenance ; the second to 
 the abbey for education of youth and relief of the poor ; 
 and the third to the parochial priests for their subsistence. 
 In 1176, King Godred, his son, gave, as an expiation for 
 having married Fingala without the usual rites of the 
 church, a piece of land at Mires-cogh, (Ballamona,) in 
 Lezayre, for a cell, the monks of which soon transferred 
 themselves to the abbey of Rushen. 
 
 In the year 1192, finding their building too small, the 
 monks transferred themselves to Douglas for four years, 
 during which Rushen Abbey was enlarged. 
 
 The mention of the lake Mirescogh reminds us of a
 
 RUSHEN ABBEY. 51 
 
 strange legend detailed by the venerable chroniclers of 
 Rushen Abbey. 
 
 In an old document at the end of the Chronicon 
 Mannice, tracing out the boundary of the church lands, 
 we find mention made of three islands in the lake Myre- 
 shaw. One of these islands seems to have been occupied 
 as a state prison, and was once, as the good old monks 
 tell us, the scene of a notable miracle wrought by the 
 intercession of St. Mary of Rushen. 
 
 One Donald, a veteran chieftain, a particular friend of 
 Harald Olaveson, flying the persecution raised by Harald 
 Godredson, took sanctuary with his infant child in St. 
 Mary's monastery at Rushen. He was, however, induced 
 to come forth, under faith of a promise from the king of 
 perfect safety. Within a short space, however, the king, 
 violating his sacred engagement, ordered Donald to be 
 seized and conveyed to the state prison in one of the islands 
 in Mirescogh. In his distress Donald prayed earnestly to 
 the Lord to deliver him, through the intercession of the 
 blessed Virgin, from whose monastery he had been so in- 
 sidiously betrayed. The divine interposition was not with- 
 held. One day as he was sitting in his chamber, guarded 
 only by two sentinels, the fetters dropped from his ankles, 
 and he found himself free. He made the best of his way 
 to the abbey of Rushen, which he reached on the third 
 day, where he put up thanksgivings to God and the most 
 merciful Mother for the deliverance. This declaration, 
 adds the chronicler, we have recorded from the man's 
 own mouth. The date of the miracle is 1249. 
 
 In Sacheverell's Account of the Isle of Man, p. 33, 
 we read, 
 
 " The monks of Rushen lived by their labour, with great 
 mortification ; wore neither shoes, furs, nor linen, and eat no flesh 
 except on journeys. The company consisted of twelve monks
 
 52 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 and an abbot, of whom the first was called Conanus. The 
 Cistercian order had its beginning in 1098, though, probably, 
 they were not planted here till six-and-thirty years after, by Evan, 
 Abbot of Furness. 
 
 Respecting the foundation of the friary Bymakyn, 
 (Beemaken, Bowmaken, or Bimaken,) in the parish of 
 Arbory, an offset of the abbey of Rushen, I have not 
 been able to make out any particulars. A short account 
 is given of the effects and appurtenances, both of it and 
 the nunnery at Douglas, in some of the rolls at the 
 Augmentation Office, Carlton Ride, pertaining to the 
 dissolution of the abbey of Rushen, 34, 36, 37 Henry 
 VIII., but they are not referred to in th " Computus " 
 of 32 Henry VIII., which I have given in Appendix B. 
 Remains of the friary Bymaken, now converted into a 
 large barn, may be seen, a quarter of a mile east from the 
 parish church of Arbory, on the side of the road thence 
 to Rushen Abbey. 
 
 The abbey of Rushen being a Cistercian cell dependent 
 on the abbey of Furness, received its abbots by appoint- 
 ment thence. 
 
 The abbot, in right of his barony, was authorised to 
 hold courts of " leet and baron," wherein his seneschal 
 presided ; but as some of the bishop's tenants had to pay 
 customs, boons, suits and services to the Lord of the 
 Isle, the southern deemster, with the comptroller and 
 attorney -general, also attended to take notice of anything 
 that might happen concerning the lord's interest. The 
 deemster and the comptroller were each, according to 
 statute law, to have a fee of eight shillings and fourpence 
 for every such day as they sat in the court, to be paid out 
 of the abbey revenue. Hence arose the singular enact- 
 ment " If any abbey tenant transgressed the law so as 
 to forfeit either life or goods, if he paid rent to the
 
 RUSHEN ABBEY. Od 
 
 amount of one penny, (although he held an estate under 
 the abbot,) the forfeiture fell to the lord and not to the 
 abbot." 
 
 The abbey of Furness seems also for some time to have 
 appointed to the bishopric of Man. Certain it is that 
 Wimond, who was Bishop of Man from 1113 to 1151, 
 was a monk of Furness Abbey, as was also Nicholas de 
 Meux, who was made bishop in 1203. The former, there 
 is reason to believe, was of Manx descent. In the year 
 1257, Richard, Bishop of the Isles, consecrated the abbey 
 church, (St. Mary of Rushen,) which had been com- 
 menced 130 years before. There are no clear traces of 
 this portion of ^he building. 
 
 The following account of the religious services of this 
 ancient abbey, taken from a manuscript formerly in the 
 possession of the late Joseph Train, Esq., will interest 
 many : 
 
 " The sacrist shall cause his beadle to ring the bells on holy- 
 days and festivals throughout the year for Matins in the Morning 
 at five o'clock. The Matins being performed he shall ring the 
 little bell for the Mass of the Virgin Mary, and at eight o'clock, 
 he shall ring the little bell again for the souls of the faithful 
 departed. He shall provide fresh water if need be every day in 
 the morning throughout the year for holy water and the Bap- 
 tismal font, and fire for kindling the candles at the high Altar 
 when needful. He shall keep a lamp burning day and night 
 before the holy Sacrament. He must see washed at least 6 
 times a year, the vestments of the high Altar of the blessed 
 Virgin Mary and of the holy Cross. He must go before the 
 chair in procession with a wand in his hand must provide 
 Palms on Palm Sunday, and keep clean the holy embossed 
 Evangel." 
 
 There is great plainness and simplicity in the few relics 
 of the architecture of this abbey which now remain to 
 us ; square-headed windows and doors, as plain as those 
 of the plainest cottage on the mountains, give clear proof
 
 54 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 both of the ancient character of this religious house, and 
 of the limited extent of its revenues at any time. There 
 is certainly no evidence here to bear out the statement 
 which has been made by some, that, in consequence of 
 an accession of temporal dignity, the abbot and monks 
 degenerated from their primitive simplicity and humble 
 industry into pride and luxury. The property made over 
 to their hands was in trust for others, and we have no 
 evidence that they abused their trust. 
 
 In the year 1541, Henry VIII. issued injunctions for 
 an estimate to be made of the value of the property of 
 Rushen Abbey, in order to its dissolution. In the 
 Augmentation Office, at Carlton Ride, London, we have 
 the transcripts preserved of several rolls, giving accounts 
 of the valuation of effects made in this and the imme- 
 diately subsequent years. A copy of a similar roll, the 
 transcript of which is now in the possession of M. H. 
 Quayle, Esq., the Clerk of the Rolls in the Isle of Man, 
 I have given in the Appendix B. In one of the rolls, 
 32 Henry VIII., an account is given of the lead, timber, 
 slates, live stock, and other spoils of the monastery, which 
 were sold off piecemeal. Some of the articles sold are 
 extremely interesting in their character, as will be seen 
 by the following statement of the " Jocalia," which 
 were delivered over to the Earl of Derby, viz. : " Four 
 chalices, one ' chrouche,' (i.e., the abbot's pastoral staff,) 
 one censer, one cross, two little headless crosses, one ship, 
 (i.e., the navicula, or box for incense,) one hand, and 
 one Bysshope hede, (probably reliquaries in the form of 
 a hand and a bishop's head,) four cruets, (for wine and 
 water at mass,) eleven spoons, two standing cups, two 
 pocula (called ale pottes) with covers, one flat pece, (or 
 drinking cup,) one salt, two masers, (wooden drinking 
 cups silver mounted,) one pix of silver " (for the reser- 
 vation of the holy sacrament). For the whole of this
 
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 RUSHEN ABBEY. 55 
 
 silver plate the earl paid 34 8s. 8d. the following 
 year. 
 
 The dissolution of the abbey was not, however, at once 
 effected, probably from the remonstrance and resistance 
 of the Stanley family, one of whose members (Thomas) 
 was at this time Bishop of the Isle. Thomas was deposed 
 by Henry VIII. in 1545, either on this account, or because 
 of his opposition to the statute of 33 Henry VIII. , dis- 
 severing the bishopric from the province of Canterbury, 
 and annexing it to York. Thomas was restored by Mary, 
 and not again deposed by Elizabeth, and it was not till 
 late in her reign that the dissolution of the abbey really 
 occurred. 
 
 Brown Willis, in his History of Monasteries, says that, 
 in 1553, there remained in charge the following pensions, 
 viz., to Henry Jackson the Abbot, 10; James More, 
 John Allowe, and Richard Nowell, 2 13s. 4d. each. 
 
 By letters patent dated 18th March, 7 Elizabeth 
 (1565), the possessions were granted to Richard Ashton, 
 Esq., for twenty-one years, commencing from Michael- 
 mas preceding, under the rent of 101 15s. lid. 
 
 On the surrender of the said patent, 12th February, 
 24 Elizabeth (1582), the possession was granted to 
 Henry, Earl of Derby, for thirty years, under the rent of 
 101 15s. lid. The same grant was afterwards assigned 
 to Alice, countess-dowager of the then late Ferdinand, 
 Earl of Derby. 
 
 On 17th March, 3 James I. (1605), on surrender of 
 this grant, (or rather on seizure being made of it by the 
 crown,) letters patent issued to Sir Thomas Leigh, and 
 Thomas Spencer, for forty years from the date thereof, 
 under the said rent of 101 15s. lid., and the increased 
 rent of 4 4s. 
 
 Again, 2nd May, 8 James I. (1609), letters patent 
 were issued to William, Earl of Derby, and Elizabeth, his
 
 56 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 countess, for ever, (subject, however, to the above term of 
 forty years to Leigh and Spencer,) as of the manor of East 
 Greenwich, under the said rent of 101 15s. lid. to be 
 paid into the exchequer by equal portions at Michaelmas 
 and Lady-day yearly. Besides 
 
 For 4 sheep & hospitality to the king, &c 3 4 
 
 To the Bishop for Synodals & Chapters 2 
 
 To the Lord for the Abbey Turbary Rent 1 6 8 
 
 For the Friary rent 1 
 
 To the Chaplain of Rushen 413 4 
 
 To the Vicar of Conchan 010 
 
 To the Vicar of Malew 6 
 
 To the Sergeant of Malew 013 4 
 
 Ditto German 6 8 
 
 Ditto Sulby 7 6 
 
 Ditto Skinsco . 040 
 
 20 5 6 
 
 Thus the abbey of Rushen was the last which was 
 dissolved in these realms, and all the monastic possessions, 
 the lands, and impropriate tithes, were at length granted 
 to the then Earl of Derby and his heirs in tail male, 
 remainder to James, Lord Stanley, his eldest son in tail 
 male, with divers other remainders over in tail male. 
 There was, however, this special restriction in the above 
 grant, that the said several persons in tail should not have 
 any power or liberty to give, grant, alienate, or dispose 
 of the said tithes, &c., for any other terms or estates than 
 tenants in tail, by the statute of 32 Henry VIII. , might 
 lawfully do of lands in ;> England, and that all gifts, 
 grants, &c., to the contrary should be void. Leigh and 
 Spencer's term expired in the lifetime of the said James, 
 Lord Stanley, then Earl of Derby, who made leases 
 thereof for lives and years, as by the said statute 32 
 Henry VIII. is warranted. When Bishop Barrow came 
 to the see in 1663, he found those vicars, the tithes of
 
 RUSHEN ABBEY. 57 
 
 whose parishes were in the hands of the lord, in the 
 greatest destitution, and, devoting all his energies to this 
 object, he managed to raise amongst his friends in 
 England upwards of 1000, with which he purchased 
 from Charles, Earl of Derby, a lease of the above im- 
 propriations for a term of ten thousand years, under the 
 annual reserved rent of 66 3s. 2d., and a fine of 130 
 every thirtieth year, and these impropriations the bishop 
 set aside for augmenting the livings of the vicars. The 
 term being contradictory to the above said restriction in 
 the Act of Parliament, an estate of the earl in England, 
 viz., the manor of Bispham, together with the farm or 
 tenement called Methop, was collaterally bound for the 
 payment of the clergy. 
 
 On the alienation of the Island from the Derby family, 
 the Duke of Athol claimed the impropriations as an in- 
 separable appendage of his estate and royalty, of which 
 it could not be divested by any right that had or could 
 be shown. The clergy were thus thrown upon the col- 
 lateral security, viz., the estate of the Earl of Derby. 
 The deeds for some time could not be found, and the 
 clergy were under most painful apprehension, and would 
 gladly have taken any reasonable consideration rather 
 than lose all. At last, through the exertions of Bishop 
 Wilson and his son, they were discovered in the Rolls 
 Office, and the claim of the clergy was established. The 
 compensation then agreed on to be paid out of the Derby 
 estate was 219 per annum ; but, in 1809, Bishop Crigan 
 demanded a revisal, on the ground that the Earl of Derby 
 had granted to Bishop Barrow all tenths yearly renewing, 
 growing and increasing, and that the said tenths had 
 greatly increased since 1735, when the former compen- 
 sation was agreed on, and it was found that their real net 
 annual value was 663. Lord Derby hereupon agreed to 
 pay down the sum of 16,000 to be rid of the annual
 
 58 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 charge on his estate altogether, and very unwisely the 
 sum was accepted, and spent in bad purchases of land, 
 returning only about 400 per annum. Before the sale 
 of his rights to the English crown in 1765, under the act 
 called the Act of Re vestment, the Duke of Athol had sold 
 half of the impropriations to different parties ; the other 
 half is now in the hands of the British government, 
 amounting to above 525 per annum, which goes into 
 the surplus revenue. The inhabitants claim that the 
 surplus should be spent in the Island upon improvements, 
 and with seeming justice. Surely the Church has an 
 annual claim upon that surplus fund to the extent of 
 525 for the augmentation of the number of her clergy, 
 their training, and the general purposes of church educa- 
 tion. It thus appears that of more than 1000 per 
 annum, the present value of the third of the tithe be- 
 longing anciently to the abbey of Rushen for the purposes 
 of ecclesiastical education and relief of the poor, none is 
 applied to its ancient use; it is alienated from the 
 church ; the 400 per annum applied to the augmen- 
 tation of the salaries of the poorer clergy being, in reality, 
 the proceeds of a certain claim upon an English noble- 
 man's estate, obtained of his ancestors, with the moneys 
 collected by the pious Bishop Barrow in 1666. 
 
 A regret has often been expressed that the site of 
 Rushen Abbey was not chosen for the erection of King 
 William's College. Bishop Barrow, himself the real 
 founder of King William's College, seems to have had an 
 eye to it for that purpose, as appears by the following 
 instrument, which may be seen in the Rolls Office : 
 
 " Whereas there is a full accord between the Bishops of St. 
 Asaph and the Isle of Man concerning the profits belonging to 
 the Bishopric of the Island from the time of its vacancy, and all 
 disputes and differences between them about any concerns in the 
 island being concluded ; And whereas it is agreed between them,
 
 RUSHEN ABBEY. 59 
 
 with my consent and approbation, that the whole profits for the 
 year 1671 shall be placed in the hands of William Banks of 
 Winstanley in the county of Lancaster, Esq., till we can meet 
 with convenient purchase for the erection of a public school for 
 academic learning : These are to require you to collect the profits 
 aforesaid, and all charges necessary for the collection being de- 
 ducted, to return the money by the first opportunity, that it may 
 be fixed and employed according to the agreement between us. 
 
 " Given under my hand at Knowsley the 8th June 1 672. 
 
 " DERBY." 
 
 " To the Deputy- Governor of my 
 Isle of Man. 
 
 ,. T f C ISAAC. ASAPH. 
 
 " In presence ot < TT 
 
 C HENBIC. OODO 
 
 SODORENSIS." 
 
 In the Chancery Book, 1675, there is a deed of sale 
 from Charles Moore to Bishop Bridgeman, by which it 
 appears that in that year the bishop purchased the abbey 
 of Rushen from Charles Moore, with the intention of 
 erecting the Academic School there ; but having been 
 unable to accomplish this through want of funds, the 
 property was subsequently restored to the said Charles 
 Moore. 
 
 That Rushen Abbey was at one time a place of sound 
 learning and religious education we can have little doubt, 
 and that the system of pupil teachers also was in vogue 
 there, and not the mere invention of the present day, is 
 manifest from the following singular indenture, which I 
 have extracted from the Harleian Manuscripts, fol. 147, 
 in the British Museum : 
 
 " This Indenture made the xj th day of December in the xviij th 
 yer of the reygne of king Henry the vij th betwen W. Park on 
 the one party and John Darsse uppon the tother parte witnesseth 
 y* y e said John is agreed and also by y l Indenture graunteth to 
 y* said William Park to abide and dvvelle with y e said William 
 from the feste of our lady, etc. unto the end & terme of vj. yeres 
 from the same fest next etc. duringe which terme y e said John 
 grauntythe truly lavvly & cleligently to serve the said William
 
 60 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 and all besines & honest labores at y e requeste and command- 
 ment of y e said William to accomplish & performe and hys desyres 
 and byddyngs to observe and obbey in all thyngs lawfull and 
 honest. Also the said John grauntyth to behave hof & doo dwe 
 reverence vnto the aforesaid William during the terme aforesaid 
 as a curtesse and lawly servant owe to doo to his maister. And 
 yf the said William command y e said John his servant to [broken] 
 or go to tech or instructe any of y e said Williams scolers durynge 
 the terme afore reherssed that y e said John shall with good wyll 
 indever hymself to doo y e same without gruggying or gaynsayying 
 Allso to provide holyday wark to tech vnder the said William 
 unlesse he send hym on other besines. And yf the said John be 
 obstinate in doying of y e servisse & wyll not fulfill his maisters 
 commandment that then it shalbe lefull to correcte & punysch 
 hym after his demerets. Also yf y e sayd William have any 
 besynes to do that he be from horn a quarter or half a yer or be 
 veset with sikness that then y e sayd John serve delygently his 
 sayd maister traine & kepe his scule to y e most profett of his said 
 master and not to depart from the service of the said William 
 without licence & good wyll duringe y e terme afor reherssed. 
 Unlesse y l John Abbot of Russin send for hym by a sufficient 
 wrytyng under his seall. For which covenants truly to be ob- 
 served & kept on the parte & behalfe of the said John Darsse the 
 said William Park grantethe by this indenture unto the said 
 Darsse that he shall first informe hym of hys dayly synns anenst 
 God also to instructe hym in dyscyplyne of good maners & also 
 to tech hym to synge prykktsong dyscantof all maner mesurs & to 
 syng upon a prykt songe fawburdon to tewnes of every mesure & 
 to set a songe of thre parts iiij or v. substancyally and also to 
 play upon the organs & any maner playsong or prykkytsong two 
 parts or thre and to make playne & shew hym the secretts & 
 speedd of techynge and instruccyon of every of the premysses in 
 the best maner & most speedfull he can yf so be y 1 the said John 
 will delygently apply hymself therunto & y l his reasson & capa- 
 cyte can extend to the same. And also to se y* he schall have 
 net drryse & other nessessaryes sufficient & convenient for such a 
 scoler provided alway y* yf the sayd abbot of y e chyrch of Rus- 
 chyn in the Ysle of Man yerly content & pay to the above named 
 William or to any one for hym in moni or other nessessarys to 
 the yerly fyndynge of y e said John to y e some of xiij s iiij d that
 
 RUSHEN ABBEY. 61 
 
 somm to be parcell of y e sayd Johns exhebecyon & yearly to be 
 alowed to y e sayd Wylliam Park durynge y e terme of vj. yers 
 and to y e trew performance of all & evere of the covenants afore- 
 sayd on the parte of y e said John well & truly to be observed 
 & kept. John Abbot of the Monasterie of our lady of Ruschyn 
 in the Ysle of Man above named Rayff Byrkhened Recorder of 
 y e Cete of Chester & William Chreech Theykman of the said cete 
 beyn bonde & evere of them is bounden vnto the said William by 
 this obligacion in the some of xx 11 all in the hole & every of 
 theym in the hole which obligacion y e said William Park grantyth 
 to be void & of non effecte yf y e said John his servant well & 
 truly observe performe & kepe all & singler hys covenants afor 
 reherssed in this indenture specified on his parte to be performyd. 
 In witnesse of which ayther of y e parties to this Indenture inter- 
 changably have set to their sealls. Wretyn y e day & yer above 
 specified." 
 
 This abbey is said to have been set on fire by a party 
 of English at the period of the Reformation. The Church 
 of Man seems always to have suffered from outward 
 enemies. Every innovation in doctrine and discipline up 
 to the present day has come, and seems likely to come, 
 from the other side of the water. The Manx themselves, 
 if let alone, would still carry out their own proverb, 
 " Mannagh vow cliaghtey cliaghtey, nee cliaghtey coe ?" 
 " If custom be not indulged with custom, will not 
 custom weep?" 
 
 Humble in its architectural pretensions as this abbey 
 is, it is the resting-place of the dust of mighty and pious 
 dead. It is known that Reginald, Bishop of Man, who 
 died in 1225, lies buried here; Olave Godredson, King 
 of the Isle in 1226, whose bastard brother, the usurper 
 Reginald, without any legal title himself, surrendered the 
 Isle to the Pope Honorius in 1219, was interred here in 
 1237, and so also was the Norwegian general Gospatrick 
 in 1240. Magnus, the last king of the Norwegian line, 
 died in 1265, and was also interred in the abbey of Rushen. 
 In the abbey garden may now be seen an ancient tomb-
 
 62 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 stone, or stone coffin-lid. On its surface is a raised cross 
 of beautiful device, by the side of whose shaft is a knight's 
 sword. This is the famous so-called " Abbot Stone of 
 Rushen," upon which certain erudite dissertations have 
 been written, and conjectures hazarded, such as, that it 
 was the tomb of some " sword -bishop," that is, a bishop 
 exercising temporal and spiritual supreme authority. 
 The floriated head of the cross, having been somewhat 
 damaged, has been converted into a croiser by the imagi- 
 nation of the first writer on the subject ; and subsequent 
 authors have taken his statement upon credit, instead of 
 examining for themselves. It appears to have belonged 
 certainly to the tomb of a military person, but has nothing 
 of the ecclesiastic indicated upon it. Its date is probably 
 of the fourteenth century. 
 
 After leaving the abbey of Rushen we may ascend the 
 hill, and take the road into Castletown, which leads by 
 the parish church of Malew, a modest kirk, with white- 
 washed walls and ancient bell- turret. A painted eastern 
 window has recently been inserted, which casts a hallowed 
 light within the church ; and the antique granite font, 
 which for some time had, outside of it, been catching the 
 rain-water gathered from its roof, has been restored to the 
 inside of the building, and occupies its proper place near 
 the south door. 
 
 The name of the kirk and parish (Malew) is evidently 
 a corruption of the name of the patron, St. Lupas, in 
 honour of whom the kirk was dedicated, as appears by 
 an inscription on an antique paten. The interior walls of 
 the church are largely occupied by monumental tablets, 
 the oldest of which, in the chancel wall, bears the date 
 1578, and is to the following effect: 
 
 " Elin Corwyn, daughter of Rob 1 Corwyn of Cumberland, 
 who was wife to Henry Stafferton receiver of the Castle, who 
 departed in great mikeiiess & that patience Christ did, 1578."
 
 RUSHEN ABBEY. 63 
 
 There are still preserved here the ancient crucifix, 
 candlestick and extinguisher, for the service of the altar, 
 in use before the Reformation. 
 
 Waldron, however, out of his own marvel-loving brain, 
 I fancy, has given the following account of the old sacred 
 chalice belonging to the parish church : 
 
 " A farmer belonging to the parish of Malew was journeying 
 across the mountains from Peel homewards and missed his road. 
 Presently the sound of soft and flowing music reached his ears, 
 on following which he was led into a magnificent hall, where he 
 observed seated round a well-garnished table a goodly number 
 of the little people, who were making themselves merry with the 
 comforts of this life. Amongst those at table were faces which 
 he fancied he had certainly seen in times past, but took no notice 
 of them, nor they of him, till the little people offering him drink, 
 one of them whose features seemed well-known to him plucked 
 him by the coat tails, and forbade his tasting aught before him 
 on pain of becoming one of them, and never returning to his 
 home. A cup filled with some liquor being put into his hand, 
 he found opportunity to dash its contents upon the ground. 
 Whereupon the music ceased, the lights disappeared, and the 
 company at once vanished, leaving the cup in his hand. By the 
 advice of his parish priest he devoted this cup to the service of 
 the church, and I am told that this very cup is now used for the 
 consecrated wine in Kirk Malew." 
 
 From all the circumstances related above with regard 
 to the dissolution of the abbey of Rushen, and these relics 
 of the sacred things used in the service of the parish 
 church of Malew, (one of which is still used in the cele- 
 bration of the Eucharist in the same parish,) we can 
 readily perceive how gradual was the Reformation of 
 religion which took place in the Isle of Man. We have 
 seen that the same Thomas who was bishop in the days 
 of Henry VIII. was bishop also under Mary and Eliza- 
 beth. Edward Stanley, the third Earl of Derby, (whose 
 autograph I have given at the head of the sheet of fac-
 
 64 RUSHEN ABBEY. 
 
 similes,) was Lord of Man from 1528 to 1572, having 
 previously, though a minor, been nominally lord from 
 1521. (See Appendix A. p. 5.) His power, therefore, 
 ranged through parts of the reigns of Henry VIII., Ed- 
 ward VI., Mary and Elizabeth. During his lordship of 
 Man there do not appear to have been passed any acts of 
 Tynwald requiring the adoption of any new service book 
 in the churches, or the abolition of any of the ancient 
 ceremonies ; and, as far as I can perceive, the first notice 
 of the sort occurs in an act of Tynwald passed under the 
 lordship of his successor Henry, the fourth Earl of Derby, 
 which, amongst other things, has an item forbidding the 
 " praying upon the graves" in the church-yards. This 
 Henry, as I have before observed, (page 30,) was a 
 strenuous advocate of the Reformation, and it is to him, 
 I believe, we must attribute any energetic measures for 
 furthering its progress in the Isle of Man.
 
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 THE following Account is printed (in extenso) from a transcript in possession of 
 the Clerk of the Rolls in the Isle of Man. The original is not at present to be found. 
 The following Rolls of similar nature are preserved amongst the Ministers' Accounts, 
 with the Augmentation Office Documents, deposited at Carlton Ride : Computus 
 from April 15th to Michaelmas, 32 Henry VIII. ; Michaelmas, 33 Henry VIII., to 
 the same feast 34 Henry VIII. ; the like accounts, 36 to 37 Henry VIII., and 37 to 
 88 Henry VIII. Series of Rolls, five in number, from the accession of Edward VI. 
 to the sixth year of his reign. The original Roll, of which the portion relating to 
 Rushin Abbey is subjoined, may have been lost at the fire at the Houses of Parlia- 
 ment, the records of the Augmentation Office having been at that period kept at 
 Westminster. A portion of the Roll, as to the Demesne Lands, has been printed in 
 Caley's edition of Dugdalo's Monastteon, vol v. p. 256. 
 
 JRusshing nuper Monasterium ) 
 
 infra Insulam de Man. $ 
 
 COMPUTUS Roberti Calcott deputati prenobilis Comitis Derbie, occupatoris 
 terrarum et possessionum ibidem, a festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli, anno regni 
 Henrici, Dei gratia Anglie, Francie, et Hibernie Regis, fidei Defensoris, ac in terris 
 supremi capitis Anglicane et Hibernice Ecclesie, xxxiij do ,* usque idem festum anno 
 regni Regis predict! xxxiij, scilicet per unum annum integrum. [1540-41.] 
 
 Arreragia nulla. Quia primus Computus dicti Computatoris. 
 Summa nulla. 
 
 FIRMA Terrarum Dominicalium. Sed respondet de xj. 1. xvj. s. x. d. de firma scitus 
 nuper monasterii cum edificiis, graungiis, stabulis, ortis, pomeriis, infra precinctum 
 dicti nuper monasterii existentibus, videlicet, pro firma scitus dicte nuper domus cum 
 edificiis, graungiis, stabulis, ortis, pomeriis, eidem pertinentibus, continents per 
 estimationem j. acr. dim. iiij. s. et uno clauso terras arrabilis vocato the Kreketts, ac 
 uno clauso vocato Bole Makketts continentibus per estimationem xl. acr. xx. s. cum 
 uno clauso vocato Garland Hill continente per estimationem xxiv. acr. xij. s. ac uno 
 clauso vocato Wynowehill continente per estimationem xviij. acr. ix. s. cum uno 
 clauso vocato Bouleton continente xxiv. acr. pasture arrabilis xij. s. uno clauso 
 vocato Grete Close jacente subtus Kirkmalewe ac ij. parvis clausuris jacentibus 
 juxta aquam in oriental! parte earumdem, continentibus per estimationem Ix. acr. 
 pasture xxx. s. cum uno clauso vocato Dalerache continente per estimationem xxxiv. 
 acr. pasture xij. s. uno clauso vocato Grete Barley fielde continente per estimationem 
 xxx. acr. pasture xv. s. cum uno clauso vocato Depefold continente per estimationem 
 vj. acr. pasture iij. s. uno clauso vocato Littill Barlefold continente per estimationem 
 iv. acr. ac uno clauso vocato the Cot continente per estimationem xvj. acr. x. s. uno 
 clauso vocato the Brome continente per estimationem x. acr. v. s. uno clauso 
 vocato Reynehullett continente per estimationem viij. acr. iv. s. uno clauso vocato 
 the Nuttfolds, et uno clauso vocato Cotters grounde cum campo jacente sub le 
 Broome ac the lawe Gayre Skynnersbill diviso in iij. clausis, continentibus per 
 estimationem xv. acr. vii. s. vi. d. cum uno clauso vocato Stockfeld continente per 
 estimationem xxiv. acr. pasture arr' xij. s. uno clauso vocato the Horse Close con- 
 tinente per estimationem xv. acr. vij. s. vj. d uno clauso vocato White Feld cum 
 una parcella vocata Symondes Grounde, cum una parcella vocata Corens Grounde, 
 cum una alia parcella de le Horse Close, continentibus per estimationem vij. acr. 
 terre arrabilis et pasture iij. s. vj. d. ac uno clauso vocato Grete Belownde cum 
 una parcella prati eidem pertinente continentibus in toto xxvj. acr. xiij. s. et uno 
 clauso vocato Whynny Close cum una parva clausura continentibus in toto x. acr. 
 T. B. ac uno clauso de Corse Meadowe vocato Denysc Close continente per estima- 
 tionem vj. acr. iij. s. cum uno clauso vocato Litill Bolowne continente per estima- 
 tionem xx. acr. terr. x. s. et uno clauso vocato the Lond Folds adjacente Skiprig, 
 
 * Sic in the transcript, probably for 32nd Henry VIII. 
 B
 
 10 APPENDIX. 
 
 cum uno clause vocato Calf Close, ac cum uno alio clause vocato Quley Felde, ac uno 
 parcella prati adjacentis, continentibus in toto xvj. acr. viij. s. ac cum uno clauso 
 vocato Skiprig continents per estimationem xx. acr. pasture arr* x. s. ij. clausis 
 de Corse Medowe called the Crete Medowe continentibus per estimationem xx. 
 acr. xx. s. et cum uno parvo clauso jacente juxta le White Stone continonte per 
 estimationem ij. acr. terr. xvj. d. In toto ut supra. 
 
 Summa. xj. . xvj. s. x. d. 
 
 Parochia de Kirkmalewe infra Sheddinge de ) 
 
 Russhinge. Tenentes ad voluntatem. $ 
 
 ET de xxviij. . xiiij. s. vij. d. de Redditibus et Firmis Tenencium ad volun- 
 tatem Domini Regis ibidem, solvendis qualibet septimana, quantum capi potest, per 
 collectorem vocatum Le More, ad hujusmodi recipienda assignatum, juxta anti- 
 quam consuetudinem Insule predicte ; ita quod collecta persoluta foret inter festa 
 Sancti Michaelis Archangeli.* Videlicet, de Willelmo Quayle pro uno tene- 
 mento cum pertinentiis per tempus Computi vj. s. Johanne Brideson pro uno tene- 
 mento ibidem per idem tempus, vj. s. Nicholao Me Quayll pro tenemento xv. s. 
 Marke Me Stoyll pro tenemento iiij. s. De relicta Gilbert! Symyn pro tenemento 
 ix. s. Johanne Kayecowe pro tenemento vj. s. Johanne Andrewe pro tenemento 
 xij. d. Gilberto Kewyne pro tenemento vij. s. iiij. d. Patricco Quydeake pro 
 tenemento iiij. s. Johanne Symen pro tenemento ix. s. vj. d. Gybbon Gellyne 
 pro tenemento vj. s. Paulo Quydeake pro tenemento iiij. s. viij. d. Johanne 
 Dogane pro tenemento iij. s. iiij. d. Johanne Me Quayll pro tenemento xv. s. 
 Donoldo Fergher pro tenemento vj. s. Johanne Bell pro tenemento xviij. d. 
 Donold Symen et matre sua pro tenemento vj. s. iij. d. Waltero Bell pro tene- 
 mento vj. s. iiij. d. Jobanne Taghertt pro tenemento xij. s. vj. d. Johanne Bell pro 
 tenemento ix. s. Waltero Bell pro tenemento viij. s. Donald Brideson pro tene- 
 mento per annum ix. s. Nele Dogham pro tenemento vj. s. viij. d. Uxore Ricardi 
 Brideson pro tenemento vj. s. viij. d. Uxore Ricardi Brideson pro tenemento ix. s. 
 Willelmo Andrewe pro tenemento iij. s. iiij. d. Waltero Harrison pro tenemento 
 x. s. viij. d. Fynloo Makkkrollott pro tenemento iiij. s. Thoma Harrison pro 
 tenemento viij. s. Waltero Bell pro tenemento iiij. s. Thoma McKeyn pro tene- 
 mento vj. s. xj. d. Relicta Finglo Fergher pro tenemento xij. s. Johanne Brideson 
 pro tenemento vj. s. Fynglo Brideson pro tenemento iiij. s. vj. d. Waltero Taghert 
 pro tenemento iiij. s. vj. d. Fynglo Bell pro tenemento iiij. s. vj. d. Fynglo 
 Fergher pro tenemento x. s. vj. d. Esotto Inequisten pro tenemento ij. s. Johanne 
 Andrewe pro tenemento ix. s. Marke Fergher pro uno tenemento ij . s. Finglo 
 Fergher pro uno tenemento vj. s. Reginald Harrison pro uno tenemento xviij. s. 
 Ricardo Fergher pro uno tenemento viij. s. Johanne Blayne vj. s. viij. d. Relicta 
 Roger Mackelewe pro uno tenemento iij. s. iiij. d. Edmund Me elewe pro uno 
 tenemento iij. s. iiij. d. Danald Blayne pro uno tenemento vj. s. viij. d. Johanne 
 Brideson pro uno tenemento vj. s. viij. d. Mold Russell pro uno tenemento xij. s. 
 Willelmo Stephenson pro uno tenemento ij. s. Johanne Me Finloo pro uno tene- 
 mento ij. s. Patric Me Fayll pro uno tenemento iiij. s. Johanne Fargher pro 
 uno tenemento iiij. s. Willelmo Kayne pro uno tenemento v. s. vj. d. Thoma 
 Edwards pro uno tenemento iiij. s. Johanne Gracye pro uno tenemento iiij. s. 
 Johanne Quy Deake pro uno tenemento iiij. s. Thoma Fergher pro uno tenemento 
 v. s. Walter Kayn pro uno tenemento vj. s. Henrico Ratcliffe pro uno tene- 
 mento vj. s. Thoma Herrison pro uno tenemento vj. s. Relicta Henrici Quanlyef 
 pro uno tenemento xviij. s. iiij. d. Jacobo Taylor pro uno tenemento v. s. Uxore 
 
 * This obscure passage may be explained by the corresponding statement in another 
 Roll, as follows : " De firmis tenencium ad voluntatem Domini Regis ibidem, 
 solvendis per eosdem tenentes ad inanus Collectoris vocati lez More, ad hoc colli- 
 gendum deputati, qualibet septimana, quantum idem Collector de eisdem tenentibus 
 in qualibet septimana colligere potest, ita quod quilibet tenens ibidem solvat totum 
 annualem redditum suum per vel ante festum S. Michaelis Archangeli anno 34 Regis 
 predicti, in clauso hujus compoti accidente." Le More, or The Moar, is a Manx 
 parish officer, whose chief duty now is to collect waifs and estrays, deodands and 
 escheats. t Quantye, in another account.
 
 APPENDIX. 11 
 
 Willelmi Smythe pro uno tenemento iiij. s. Reginald Barett et Johanne Blye* 
 pro uno tenemento v. s. Ricardo Halfall pro uno tenemento v. s. Philippo 
 Skylleskorn capellano pro uno tenemento xxvij. s. vj. d. Thoma Russheton pro 
 tenemento cum pertinentiis x. . vj. s. viij. d. Roberto Litter Land pro tene- 
 mento et terris xxxij. s. iiij. d. Johanne A Moore pro tenemento et terris xxxiij. s. 
 iiij. d. In toto ut supra; annuatim solvendis ad festum Sancti Michaelis tantum. 
 Et de xij. s. iiij. d. de Firma unius Molendini aquatici Bladorum vocati Tenetf 
 Lake, in tenura Laurencii Kyghley, persolvenda ad festum Sancti Babtiste tantum. 
 Et de x. s. de Firma unius Molendini Bladorum Aquatici, vocati Fergher Mill, in 
 tenura Johannis Quideake, per annum solvenda ad festum Sancti Johannis Babtiste 
 tantum. Et de x. s. de Firma Molend" Bladorum Aquatici vocat' Abbay Mill, 
 et Grag Mill, cum uno croft eidera adjacente, in tenura Roger! Deaconson, per 
 annum solvenda ad Festum Sancti Johannis Babtiste tantum, et tenens tenetur 
 reparari (sic) in omnibus. 
 
 Summa. xxxj. . xvj. s. xj. d. 
 
 Firma Cotagiorum de Ballasalla villa. 
 
 ET de xxxix. s. de Firma Cotagiorum in villa de Ballasalla scituatorum, prope 
 et juxta Monasterium predictum ; videlicet, unius cotagii in tenura Ricardi Dogan, 
 x. d. unius cotagii in tenura Danald Qwynne, xij. d. j. cotagii in tenura Willelmi 
 Me Qwynne, xviij. s. j. cotagii in tenura Willelmi Quidake ij. s. j. cotagii in 
 tenura Willelmi Smythe ij. s. j. cotagii in tenura Ricardi Halsall iij. s. j. cotagii 
 in tenura Johannis Fargher viij. d. j. cotagii in tenura Nele Bell viij. d. j. 
 cottagii in tenura Walter! Me Garmot iij. s. j. cotagii in tenura Johannis Glover 
 viij. d. j. cotagii in tenura Johannis Kyrre viij. d. j. cotagii in tenura relicte 
 nuper Henrici Quantye xvj. d. j. cottagii in tenura Thome Mason ij. s. j. cotagii 
 in tenura Thome Me Fingloe ij. s. j. cotagii in tenura Marke Wodds viij. d. j. 
 cottagii in tenura Johannis Taylor ij. s. j. cotagii in tenura Relicte David 
 Me Qwayne xvj. d. j. cotagii in tenura Roberti Kedrawe xvj. d. j. cottagii in 
 tenura Willelmi Me Quayn ij. s. j. Cotagii in Tenura Stephani Me Kedrawe 
 xvj. d. j. Cottagii in tenura Willelmi Fergher x. d. j. cottagii in tenura Ricardi 
 Fisher xvj. d. j. cottagii in tenura Thome Qwynne xviij. d. j. cottagii in tenura 
 Me gilhonyld iiij. s. j. cotagii in tenura Roberti Walker, xvj. d. In toto ut supra. 
 Summa. xxxix. s. 
 
 Parochia Sancti Germani 
 
 de Glenfdba Sheding. 
 
 ET de x. 1. xix. s. v. d. de Redditibus et Firmis Tenencium Domini Regis ad 
 voluntatem, infra parochiam predictam. Videlicet, Johannis Clerke pro uno tene- 
 mento cum pertinenciis, ad xij.t solvendis septimanatim, quantum capi potest. 
 Henrici Smythe pro uno tenemento xij. Willelmi Me Kayne pro tenemento xv. s. 
 iij. d. Johannis Qwayne pro tenemento xij. s. vj. d. Finlo Me Gilcroste pro tene- 
 mento vij. s. vj. d. Donold Me Qwayn pro tenemento vj. s. iiij. d. Thome Howard 
 pro tenemento iij. s. Johannis Haliwall pro tenemento iij. s. Relicte Johannis 
 Me qwayn pro tenemento iiij. s. iiij. d. Gilbert! Colbyn pro uno tenemento iiij. s. 
 iiij. d. Donald Qwhayn pro uno tenemento iiij. s. iiij d. Reginald Me Qwheyn 
 pro uno tenemento xviij. s. Willelmi Me Cayn pro uno tenemento vij. s. iij. d. 
 Johannis Me Keyn pro uno tenemento vij. s. iij. d. Willelmi Stephenson pro 
 uno tenemento xxxiij. s. iiij. d. Reginald Me Cayn pro tenemento vj. s. vj. d. 
 Johannis Me Gybrayce pro tenemento vj. s. vj. d. Reginold Me Cayn pro uno 
 tenemento xij. s. Willelmi Me Gilcrist pro tenemento iiij. s. Thome McGilcrist 
 pro uno tenemento ix. 8. Uxoris Petri Colbyn vj. s. vj. d. pro tenemento suo. 
 Roberti Colbyn pro tenemento vj. s. vj. d. Donold Me Qwhayn pro tenemento 
 viij. s. j. d. Jobannis Me qwyane pro tenemento viij. s. j. d. Hugonis Parker pro 
 tenemento xxij. d. In toto ut supra. 
 
 ET de xvij. s. j. d. de Redditibus et Firmis Cotagiorum in Holme towne, in Glen 
 faba; viz., de Richardo Ithell xx. d. Uxore Petri Urevell iiij. d. Johanne 
 Haworthe xvj. d. Willelmo Norias xiiij. d. Johanne Hutchon ij. d. Maryano 
 
 * Bailey, in another account. t Or Jenet Lake T 
 
 t Sic, probably xij. s. The like omission appears to occur in the following item.
 
 12 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hynekye ij. d. Willelmo Ascogh, xiij. d. Willelmo Kerrett iiij. d. Roberto 
 Alayne vij. d. Johanne Holland iiij. d. Constabilar' viij. d. Cristiana Inecayne 
 xxij. d. Rogero Thompson iiij. d. Hugone Prescote v. d. Rogero Dawson xix. d. 
 Thoma Holland iij. d. Recept' de le Pale xvj. d. Hugone perker ij. d. In toto 
 at supra. 
 
 Summa. xj. 1. xvj. a. vj. d. 
 
 Sulbye. 
 
 ET de xj. 1. iiij. s. viij. d. de Redditibus et Firmis Tenencium Domini Regis ad 
 voluntatem ibidem, solvendis de septimana. Videlicet, de Paulo Me Krawe pro 
 tenemento viij. s. Willelmo Me Krawe pro tenemento viij. s. Edmund Me Crawe 
 pro tenemento vj. s. Paulo Me Crawe pro tenemento v. s. Huyn Standish pro 
 tenemento xxiiij. s. Demyster pro clausura viij. s. viij. d. Thoma Trowthton pro 
 tenemento iiij. s. vj. d. Gilberto Me Carre pro tenemento iiij. s. vj. d. Gilberto 
 Gawen pro tenemento iiij. s. vj. d. Willelmo Caysmyn pro tenemento vij. s. vj. d. 
 Patric Cash pro tenemento v. s. viij. d. Gilberto Casymound pro tenemento ij. s. 
 Donold Kyllycorne pro tenemento xij. s. Willelmo Kyllop pro tenemento ix. s. 
 Paulo Me Karram pro tenemento xij. s. Johanne Thorman pro tenemento xij. s. 
 Willelmo Me Kewn ix. s. Willelmo Me Cashe ix. s. Patric Me Killope pro tene- 
 mento vj. s. Ricardo Me Killop pro tenemento viij. s. Thoma Me Killop pro 
 tenemento vj. s. Thoma McGarrett pro tenemento vij. s. iiij. d. Willelmo 
 Me Killop pro tenemento viij. d. Roberto Me Kerran pro tenemento v. s. Edmund 
 Me Kerron pro tenemento ix. s. Gilberto Me Otter pro tenemento v. s. Danold 
 Kyllop pro cottagio xviij. d. Marin' Ine Crayne pro cotagio vj. d. Relicta 
 Me Qwyne pro cotagio vj. d. et Babe Calyworre Ine Casse vj. d. De vj. s. de 
 firma unius molendini ibidem hie non respondet, eo quod jacet vastum et inoccu- 
 patum, et nil inde levatur per tempus unins compoti, ex sacramento computatoris. 
 In toto ut supra. 
 
 Summa. xj. 1. iiij. s. viij. d. 
 
 Skynscowe in parochia Sancti ) 
 
 Lonani de Garf Sheding J 
 
 ET de Iv. s. viij. d. de redditibus et firmis tenencium Domini Regis ibidem, sol- 
 vendis septimanatim. Videlicet, de Gilberto Me Cloyne pro tenemento xvj. s. iiij. d. 
 Roberto Lownye pro tenemento xij. s. Johanne Me Otter pro tenemento iij. s. vj. d. 
 Patric Me Felys pro tenemento viij. s. iiij. d. Johanne Me Felys pro tenemento 
 iij. s. vj. d. Donold Me Felys pro cotagio xviij. d. Gilberto Lowneye pro cotagio 
 xiiij. d. Patrick Lownye pro cotagio ij. s. ij. d. Johanne Lownye pro cotagio 
 viij. d. et Willelmo Lownye pro cotagio vj. d. In toto ut supra. 
 Summa, Iv. s. viij. d. 
 
 Spiritualitates. 
 
 ET de vij. 1. vj. s. viij. d. de Firma totius Rectorie de Kirkecriste in Sheding; 
 necnon omnium terrarum et tenementorum quorumcumque infra parochiam de 
 Kirkecriste predictam, dicte nuper Domui pertinentium, necnon omnes et omni- 
 niodo decime allecium' except* omnino et reserv" omnes et omnimodo porciones 
 Episcopi exeuntes de Rectoria predicta, aceciam Decime j. batelli Domino reservat' 
 per annum ut supra ; sicut dimiss' Owino Norresse Clerico, per Indenturam pro 
 termino (blank) datam anno Domini M D xxv* ; solvend' ad Festum pasche tantuin. 
 De decimis allecium captorum infra parochiam predictam, videlicet, de qualibet cimba 
 xij. d., hoc anno nil, quia nulla piscaria ibidem accidebat. Et de iiij. 1. xij. s. de 
 Firma Rectorie Ecclesie parochialis de Kirk harbary, alias de Sancto Columb, sicut 
 dimisse Johanni Gardiner ad voluntatem Domini, tantummodo exceptis et reservatis 
 porcionibus Episcopi et Vicarii per annum ut supra, solvend' ad Festum Pasche 
 tantum. Et de xvj. 1. xiiij. s. de Exitibus Rectorie de Kirkmalewe nuper in 
 manibus dicti nuper Monasterii, per annum ut supra. Et de Iiij. s. iiij. d. de 
 Exitibus et proficuis Rectorie ecclesie parochialis de Kirke San ton per annum, ut 
 supra, sicut nuper in manibus dicti nuper Monasterii, per tempus hujus compoti. Et 
 de Ixvj. s. viij. d. de Firma Rectorie de Kirke lownan, in tenura Jacobi Clerke per 
 Indenturam, ut asserit, minime adhuc visam, omnes et omnimodo proficue Rectorie,
 
 APPENDIX. 13 
 
 exceptis porcionibus Episcopi et Vicarii per annum ut supra, solvend' ad Festum 
 pasche tantum. 
 
 Summa, xxxiiij. I. xij. s. viij. d. 
 
 Summa Totalis oneris, cvj. 1. ij. s. iij. d. 
 
 Feoda cum Salariis. 
 
 IDEM computat in Feodis prepositorum, videlicet, Lez Sergeaunts, videlicet 
 infra parochiam Sancti Lupi xiij. s. iiij. d. ; Glenfaba vj. s. viij. d.; Solbye 
 vij. s. vj. d. et Skynscowe iiij. s. ; in toto pro uno anno integro finiente in Festo 
 Sancti Michaelis Archangel! infra tempus hujus Compoti accidente, xxxj. s. vj. d. 
 
 Et in Sallario Capellani celebrantis infra Castellum de Caslell Towne, ex 
 antiqua Fundacione, ad Iiij. s. iiij. d. per annum, videlicet, in allocacione hujus- 
 modi per ternpus hujus compoti, Iiij. s. iiij. d. Et in Feodo Thome Norrisse 
 capitalis senescalli Terrarum ibidem, ad Ixvj. s. viij. d. per annum, videlicet in 
 allocacione hujusmodi, per tempus hujus compoti Ixvj. s. viij. d. Et in Feodo 
 Thome Sainesburye occupantis officium de le Demester ibidem, ad xx. s. per annum, 
 videlicet, in allocacione hujusmodi per tempus hujus compoti, xx. s. Et in Feodo 
 (blank) Contrarotulatoris Insule pro Factura Librorum dictarum terrarum, ad xx. s. 
 per annum, videlicet in allocacione hujusmodi per tempus hujus Compoti, xx. s. 
 Et in Feodo dicti Thome Sainesburye subsenescalli terrarum et Curiarum ibidem, 
 ad xx. s. per annum, videlicet in persolucione hujusmodi per tempus hujus 
 compoti, xx. s. ; et in Feodo Roberti Calcott Receptoris terrarum dicti nuper 
 Prioratus, ad Iiij. s. iiij. d. per annum, videlicet, in allocacione hujusmodi per 
 tempus hujus compoti, Iiij. s. iiij. d. 
 
 Summa. xiij. 1. iiij. s. x. d. 
 
 ET in denariis in Compoto Willelmi Blithman Receptoris Domini Regis ibidem, 
 onerati ut pro totis denariorum summis receptis per Thomam Comitem Derbie, 
 de Exitibus et Revencionibus Officii dicti Receptoris, ac per ipsum Thomam inhume 
 solutis super Determinacionem hujus Compoti, iiij." xij. 1. xvij. s. v. d. 
 Summa, iiij.** xij. 1. xvij. s. v. d. 
 
 Summa Allocacionum et Liberacionum predictarum cvj. 1. ij. s. iij. d. 
 Que Summa Correspondet Summe totali predicte. 
 Etequ'.* 
 
 c. 
 
 THE Isle of Man is governed by laws made by three estates, viz., 
 
 The King or Queen ; 
 
 The Lieutenant-Governor and Council ; 
 
 The Twenty-four Keys or Taxiaxi, as the representatives of the inhabitants of the 
 Isle. 
 
 These estates, when assembled, are called a Tynwald Court, and their triple con- 
 currence establishes the law, which has force after it has been proclaimed from the 
 Tynwald Hill. 
 
 The Council consists of the Bishop, the two Deemsters, the Clerk of the Rolls, 
 the Attorney-General, the Receiver-General, the Water Bailiff, the Archdeacon, 
 and the Vicar-General. 
 
 Prior to the year 1846 there were two Vicars-General. 
 
 Anciently the Abbot of Rushen, the Prior of St. Bede's, the Prior of Whithorn, 
 the Abbot of Bangor and Sabel, the Abbot of Furness, and the Archdeacon's official, 
 had seats in the Council. 
 
 The Governor or Lieutenant-Governor is chief both in civil and military power, 
 and has by law authority to call a Tynwald Court as often as he finds necessary, at 
 which the Council and Keys, according to their oaths, are bound to attend. 
 
 One clause in the Governor's oath is remarkable : " You shall truly and uprightly 
 deal between our Sovereign Lady the Queen and her people, and as indifferently 
 betwixt party and party, at this staff now standeth, as far as in you lieth." 
 
 * Probably for equat, or equetur.
 
 14 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 The Deemsters are the first popular magistrates, the supreme judges in all civil 
 courts, whether for life or property. The office is of the highest antiquity. It is 
 uncertain whether their name be derived from to deem or to doom. Formerly, before 
 the laws were written, in all new and emergent cases they were called in to declare 
 what the law was, and the laws so declared were named Breast-laws. 
 
 The oath administed to a Deemster when appointed, runs thus: "By this book, 
 and by the holy contents thereof, and by the wonderful works that God hath 
 miraculously wrought in heaven above and in the earth beneath, in six days and 
 seven nights, I (A.B.) do swear that I will, without respect of favour or friendship, 
 love or gain, consanguinity or affinity, envy or malice, execute the laws of this Isle 
 justly betwixt our Sovereign Lady the Queen and her subjects within this Isle, and 
 betwixt party and party as indifferently as the herring back-bone doth lie in the 
 midst of the fish. So help me God and by the contents of this book." 
 
 There were formerly four baronies within the Isle, for which courts were holden, 
 viz., the Bishop's Barony, the Abbot's or Abbey Barony, the Barony of Bangor 
 and Sabel, and the Barony of St. Trinion. 
 
 Till the year 1845 the Bishop and the Archdeacon were members of the Court of 
 General Gaol Delivery. Before that time it was retained as an ancient usage, that 
 the Bishop, or some priest appointed by him, should sit with the Governor in the 
 trial of capital causes till sentence of death (if any) was to be pronounced, the 
 Deemster asking the jury, instead of guilty or not guilty, " Vod fir-charree soie?" 
 which means literally, " May the man of the chancel, or he that ministers at the 
 altar, continue to sit ? " 
 
 The following is a catalogue of the Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of the 
 Isle of Man since the accession of the house of Stanley : 
 
 1407 Michael Blundell, Lieutenant 
 
 1417 John Letherland, Lieutenant 
 
 1418 John Fasakerly, Lieutenant 
 1422 John Walton, Lieutenant 
 1428 Henry Byron, Lieutenant. 
 
 records till 
 
 1496 Peter Dutton, Lieutenant 
 
 1497 Henry Radcliffe, Abbot of Rushen, 
 
 Deputy 
 
 1505 Randolph Rushton, Captain 
 1608 Sir John Ireland, Knt., Lieutenant 
 
 1516 John Ireland, Lieutenant 
 
 1517 Randolph Rushton, Captain 
 1619 Thomas Danisport, Captain 
 1526 Richard Holt, Lieutenant 
 
 1529 John Fleming, Captain 
 
 1530 Thomas Sherburn, Lieutenant 
 
 1532 Henry Bradley,Deputy-Lieutenant 
 
 1533 Henry Stanley, Captain 
 1535 George Stanley, Captain 
 
 1537 Thomas Stanley, Knt., Lieutenant 
 
 1539 George Stanley, Captain 
 
 1540 Thomas Tyldesley, Deputy 
 1544 William Stanley, Deputy 
 1552 Henry Stanley, Captain 
 
 1561 Sir Richard Sherburne, Lieutenant 
 
 1562 Thomas Stanley, Knt., Lieutenant 
 
 1566 Richard Ashton, Captain 
 
 1567 Thomas Stanley, Knt., Lieutenant 
 1569 Edward Tarbock, Captain 
 
 1575 John Hanmer, Captain 
 1580 Richard Sherburn, Captain 
 1691 Richard Aderton, Lieutenant 
 
 A.D. 
 1592 
 1593 
 
 No 1594 
 
 1596 
 
 1597 
 
 1599 
 
 1600 
 1609 
 
 1610 
 
 1612 
 1621 
 1622 
 1623 
 1625 
 1626 
 1627 
 1628 
 
 1634 
 1635 
 1636 
 1639 
 
 Cuth. Gerrard, Captain 
 Thomas Mortimer, Deputy 
 The Hon.William Stanley, Captain, 
 
 afterwards Earl of Derby 
 Randolph Stanley, Captain 
 TSir Thomas Gerrard, Knt., Cap- 
 tain. Peter Legh, appointed 
 J Governor by Queen Elizabeth 
 j in the absence of Sir Thomas 
 
 Gerrard 
 
 (^Cuth. Gerrard, Deputy 
 4 Thomas Gerrard, Knt., Captain 
 I Robert Molineux, Deputy 
 $ Cuth. Gerrard, Captain 
 ^ Robert Molineux, Deputy 
 Robert Molineux, Captain 
 John Ireland and John Birchall, 
 Governors, conjointly by patent 
 John Ireland, Lieutenant and 
 
 Captain 
 
 Robert Molineux, Captain 
 Edward Fletcher, Deputy 
 Edward Fletcher, Governor 
 Sir Fred. Liege, Knt., Captain 
 Edward Fletcher, Deputy 
 Edward Holmewood, Captain 
 Edward Fletcher, Deputy 
 Edward Christian, Lieutenant and 
 
 Captain 
 
 Evan Christian, Deputy 
 Sir Charles Gerrard, Knt., Captain 
 John Sharpies, Deputy 
 Radcliffe Gerrard, Captain
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 15 
 
 1640 John Greenhalgh, Governor 
 1651 Philip Musgrave, Knt. and Bart. 
 
 1651 > Colonel Robert Duckenfield, 
 
 1652 $ Governor 
 
 1652 Samuel Smith, Deputy-Governor 
 1652, Aug. 18, Lord Fairfax made com- 
 
 missioners for the governing the 
 Isle this year, James Cballoner, 
 Robert Dineley,Esqrs., Jonathan 
 Wilton, Clerk 
 
 1653 Mathew Cad well, Governor 
 1656 William Christian, Governor 
 1659 James Chaloner 
 
 After the Restoration 
 Rodger No well, Governor 
 Richard Stephenson, Deputy 
 C Henry No well, Deputy part of 
 1663< the year, and Thomas Stanley 
 
 {_ for the other part 
 1 Pfid $ Bishop Barrow, Governor 
 04 I Henry Nowell, his Deputy 
 1669 Henry Nowell, Governor 
 
 1677 Henry Stanley, Governor 
 
 1678 Robert Heywood, Governor 
 
 1691 Roger Kenyon, Esq., Governor 
 
 1692 William Sacheverell, Governor 
 
 C Colonel Nicholas Sankey, Go- 
 1696< vernor 
 
 C Hon. Captain Cranston, Governor 
 
 ir-cn 
 
 , 7ft o $ Robert Mawdesley,Esq.,Governor 
 
 \ John Rowe, Deputy 
 ,_, . ( Captain Alex. Home, Governor 
 
 ( Major Floyde, Governor 
 1726 Thomas Hortou, Governor 
 1734 James Horton 
 1739 Hon. James Murray, first Governor 
 
 under the Duke of Athol 
 1741 Patrick Lindsay 
 1757 Basil Cochrane, Esq., Governor 
 1763 Captain John Wood, Governor 
 1765 The Island sold to the Crown, J. 
 
 Hope, Deputy-Governor 
 1776 Richard Dawson, Lieutenant-Go- 
 
 vernor 
 
 TEdw. Smith, Esq., Governor-in- 
 > Chief 
 
 f Richard Dawson, Lieutenant- 
 V. Governor 
 1791 Alexander Shaw, Esq., Lieutenant- 
 
 Governor 
 1798 His Grace the Duke of Athol, 
 
 Governor-in-Chief 
 1805 Colonel Cornelius Smelt, Lieu- 
 
 tenant-Governor 
 1832 General John Ready, Lieutenant- 
 
 Governor 
 
 1845 The Hon. Charles Hope, Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor. 
 
 D. 
 
 (From the "Chronicon Mannise," Johnstone's Translation.) 
 
 LIMITS OF CHURCH LANDS IN THE ISLE OF MAN. 
 
 THIS is the line that divides the king's lands from those belonging to the monas- 
 tery of Russin : It runs along the wall and ditch which is between Castleton and 
 the Monks' Lands; it winds to the south between the Monks' Meadow and 
 M'Ewen's farm ; ascends the rivulet between Gylosen and the Monks' Lands ; 
 turns to Hentraeth ; goes round Hentraeth and Trollo-toft along the ditch and 
 wall ; descends by the ditch and wall to the river near Oxwath ; turns up the same 
 river to a rivulet between Ar-os-rin and Staina; goes down to the valley called 
 Fane ; mounts up the ascent of the hill called Wardfell ; descends to the brook 
 Mourou ; ascends from the brook Mourou along the old wall to Rosfell ; descends 
 along the same wall between Cornama and Tot-man-by ; descends obliquely along 
 the same wall between Ox-raise-herad and Tot-man-by to the river called Corna. 
 Corna is the boundary between the king and the monastery in that quarter to the 
 ford which lies in the highway between Thorkel's farm, otherwise Kirk Michael, 
 and Herinstad ; the line then passes along the wall which is the limit between the 
 above-mentioned Thorkel's estate and Bally-sallach ; it then descends obliquely 
 along the same wall between Cross-Ivar-Builthan, and so surrounds Bally-sallach; 
 it then descends from Bally-sallach along the wall and ditch to the river of Russin, 
 as is well known to the inhabitants ; it then winds along the banks of that river in 
 different directions to the above-mentioned wall and ditch, which is the limit 
 between the abbey land and that belonging to the castle of Russin.
 
 16 APPENDIX. 
 
 THIS is the line that divides the lands of Kirkercus from the abbey lands : 
 It begins at the lake at Myreshaw which is called Hesca-nappayse j and goes up to 
 the dry moor directly from the place called Monenyrsana ; along the wood to the 
 place called Leabba-ankonathway ; it then ascends to Roselan as far as the brook 
 Gryseth ; and so goes up to Glendrummy ; and proceeds up to the king's way and 
 the rock called Carig-eth as far as Deep-pool ; and descends along the rivulet and 
 Hath-aryegorman ; and so descends along the river Sulaby to the wood of 
 Myreshaw ; it incloses three islands in the lake of Myreshaw ; and descends along 
 the old moor to Duf-loch; and so winds along and ends in the place called 
 Hescanakeppage. 
 
 THIS is the line which divides the king's lands from those of the abbey towards 
 Skemestor : It begins from the entrance of the port called Lax-a ; and goes up 
 that river in a line under the mill to the glynn lying between St. Nicholas Chapel 
 and the manor of Greta-stad ; it then proceeds by the old wall, as is known to the 
 inhabitants, along the winding declivities of the mountains, till it comes to the 
 rivulet between Toftar-as-mund and Ran-curlin ; it then descends to the boundaries 
 of the manor called Orm's- house and Toftar-as-mund, and, as is known to the 
 country people, descends to the sea. 
 
 E. 
 
 MINUTES OF THE PERAMBULATION OP THE ABBEY TURBARY. SINE ANNO. 
 
 FROM the north corner of Boallion Renny along an old hedgestead to the gill 
 near St. Mary's Well, and from the said hedgestead to the westernmost of the three 
 white stones on the side of Barool in a direct line, and so down by a long slate 
 stone set up as a landmark, and across the old high-road by three slate stones, and 
 so down by the south-west corner of the Folly Rent, and so across the new high- 
 road at a large slate stone on the said road, and another and a white stone on the 
 opposite side of the ditch to the fern hillock in the midst of the Curragh, grown 
 over with rushes, by a hillock of stoads, to the joining of the rivulet of Sornan 
 Barowle and the Sbinan Rowany, and so down the said rivulet, the Cop, near 
 Barool Mill, and so along the said Cop adjoining Keon Dhowag, and joining Kirk 
 Patrick at Keon Dhowag, and so along the same as far as the same Oxloads, and 
 then along the pathway according to a boundary of the parishes, passing by a great 
 stone opposite to Keon Slew Curragh, so to the south-west corner of Curragh Pot- 
 mine at two stones there fixed, and so along the ditch and the edge of Pot-mine 
 Curragh, joining Kirk Marown to the north-east corner of Rensheant land, and 
 along the Cop from the said corner to Pot-mine rivulet, and so along the rivulet to 
 the corner of Balla Nicholas Rent, and along the same to Shen Valley, and 
 including Ton Vane's, the Bolt Dallys to Monoul Gate, and so adjoining the Larg y 
 Intack, and so along the corner of Ballin Renny aforesaid.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abbey Bridge, or Crossag, 48. 
 
 Abbey Lands, Boundary of, Appendix D., 15, 16. 
 
 Abbey of Rushen, Position of, 48 ; Original Foundation, 49 ; Disso- 
 lution of, 54 ; Computus of Effects, Appendix B., 9 ; Duties of 
 the Sacrist, 53; System of Pupil Teachers at, 59. 
 
 Abbey Revenues, Misappropriation of, 58. 
 
 Abbey Turbary, Visitation of, Appendix E., 16. 
 
 Abbot of Rushen, Power of, as a Baron of the Isle, 52. 
 
 Ancient Crucifix, and Candlestick, and Chalice, at Malew, 63. 
 
 Ancient Tripartite Division of Tithes, 50. 
 
 Anthony Beck, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Mortgagee of the Isle of 
 Man, 27. 
 
 B. 
 
 Ballasalla, 48. 
 
 Barrows and Cromlechs, Introduction, v. 
 
 Beaumont, Henry de, Conduct of, before Edward II., 24. 
 
 Bell of Castle Rushen, 19. 
 
 Bishops of Sodor and Man, Appendix A. 
 
 Black Lady of Castle Rushen, Legend of, 46. 
 
 Bruce, Robert, Besieges Castle Rushen, 23. 
 
 Bymakyn Friary, Notice of, 52. 
 
 C. 
 
 Cardinal Wolsey, 13, 30. 
 
 Castle Rushen, Situation of, 12; Clock-Room of, Chapel of, and 
 
 Confessional in, 19; Regulations for Defence of, 39; Supply of 
 
 Food to, 42-44; Supply of Fuel to, 43. 
 Castletown, 1-11. 
 Charlotte de Tremouille, the heroic Countess of Derby, names Derby 
 
 Fort, 34 ; is Betrayed to Colonel Duckenfield, 36 ; Death of, 37. 
 Christian, William, (Illiam Dhone,) Treachery of, 36 ; Character of, 
 
 and Death, 37. 
 
 Church Lands, Limits of, Appendix D., 16. 
 
 C
 
 18 INDEX. 
 
 Climate of the Isle of Man, Introduction, v. 
 
 Constitution, Scandinavian, of Man, 7. 
 
 Curamings, their Connection with the Isle of Man, 21. 
 
 D. 
 
 Deemsters, Strange Oath of, Appendix C., 14. 
 
 Derby Fort on St. Michael's Isle, 34. 
 
 Derby, James, the Seventh Earl of, the Great Stanlagh, his Letter to 
 the Governor and Keys, 32 ; Letter to Ireton, 33 ; his Wonderful 
 Escape from Assassination in Derby-Haven, 35; his Departure 
 from the Isle, and Execution at Bolton, 36. 
 
 Dingay Dowyl's Defence of Castle Rushen, 23, 39. 
 
 E. 
 
 Edward I., Letter of, Relating to the Keys, 6. 
 
 G. 
 
 Giants, the Spell-bound, of Castle Rushen, 45. 
 
 Gorree (or Orree), King, Founds the House of Keys, 5. 
 
 Government House, 13. 
 
 Governor of Man, Singular Oath of, Appendix (7., 13. 
 
 Governors of the Isle of Man, Appendix C., 14. 
 
 Grammar School, Castletown, 9. 
 
 Greenalgh, John, Governor of the Isle of Man from 1640 to 1651 ; 
 Earl of Derby's Reasons for Choosing Him, 38 ; Noble Conduct of 
 at the Battle of Worcester, 38 ; Assists Charles II. in his Flight ; 
 his Death, 38 ; History of his Portrait, 39. 
 
 H. 
 
 Haco, Overthrow of, 20. 
 
 Hango Hill, 2. 
 
 Harold the Black, Appendix A., 3. 
 
 I. 
 
 Impropriate Tithes, Account of, 57. 
 
 Indenture between W. Park and John Darsse, 59. 
 
 Isabella, Queen of Man, 29. 
 
 K. 
 
 Keys, House of, and Origin of the Name, 5. 
 
 Kings of Man, Scotch, Welsh, Scandinavian and English, Appendix A. 
 
 King William's College, Origin of, 58.
 
 INDEX. 19 
 
 L. 
 
 Langness, 2. 
 
 M. 
 
 Magnus Barefoot, Irruption of, 49. 
 
 Magnus, last Norwegian King of Man, 20. 
 
 Mary, Queen of Man, Marries John de Waldebeof, 26. 
 
 Mirescogh, Legend of Escape from Prison in the Lake of, 49. 
 
 Monks and Mills, 48. 
 
 Montacute Family, 25-27. 
 
 Murray, Randolph, Earl of, 23. 
 
 O. 
 
 Olave I., the Real Founder of Rushen Abbey, 50. 
 
 P. 
 
 Percy, Earl of Northumberland, Receives a Grant of the Isle of 
 Man, 28. 
 
 R. 
 
 Reginald the Usurper, Appendix A., 4. 
 Revestment, Act of, Appendix A., 8. 
 Roman Altar at Castletown, 10. 
 
 Ronaldsway, Battle-Field of, 20 ; Richard de Mandeville Lands at, 
 23. 
 
 8. 
 
 Saint Michael's Isle and Chapel, 2, 34. 
 Scandinavian Names in the Isle of Man, 2. 
 Scottish Conquest of the Isle of Man, 20. 
 
 Scroop, Sir William, Earl of Wiltshire, Buys the Isle of Man, 27. 
 Settlement, Act of, 18. 
 
 Stanley, Sir John, Receives a Grant of the Isle of Man from Henry 
 IV., 29. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tynwald Court, Appendix C., 13. 
 
 Tynwald, Origin of Name, 7; Ceremony of the Hill of, 8; Order 
 of Procession at, 9.
 
 20 INDEX. 
 
 w. 
 
 Waldebeof, Sir John de, Marries Mary, Daughter of Reginald, 26 ; 
 
 their Son William has a Daughter Mary married to Sir William 
 
 Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, 26. 
 Walter de Huntercombe, 21. 
 Wilson, Thomas, the Apostolic Bishop of Man, confined in Rushen 
 
 Castle, 14 ; Anecdotes of, 14-17. 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Rushen Castle, A.D. 1850 . . . Frontispiece. 
 
 Map of the Island, and Views in 1660 . . to face page 1 
 
 Rushen Castle, A.D. 1530 . . . . ,,13 
 
 Rushen Castle, A.D. 1660 . . . . ,,40 
 
 Rushen Abbey, A.D. 1660 . . . . ,,48 
 
 Rushen Abbey, A.D. 1800 .... ,,54 
 Roman Altar at Castletown, Coffin-Lid at Rushen 
 
 Abbey, &c. ..... ,,60 
 
 Sheet of fac-similes of Autographs of Remarkable 
 
 Personages connected with the Isle of Man . 64 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 49, line 3, for " Barefod," read, " Barfod." 
 50, line 14,/or " their opponent," read, " therefore this.'
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 A. 
 
 St. Asaph, the Right Rev. the Bishop of, the Palace, St. Asaph 
 
 Adamson, L. A., Esq., Seneschal, Douglas 
 
 Allan, Miss, Newfoundland 
 
 Allen, W. A., Esq., Preston, 2 copies 
 
 Archaeological Institute of Great Britain 
 
 B. 
 
 Bath and Wells, the Right Hon. and Right Rev. the Bishop of, the 
 
 Palace, Wells 
 
 Babington, C. C., Esq., M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge 
 Bacon, Major C., Seafield, Isle of Man, 2 copies 
 Bagnall, J. N., Esq., Charlemont Hall, West Bromwich 
 Beley, George, Esq., Primrose Cottage, Bootle 
 Blackburn, Rev. John, Prebendary, Yarmouth, Isle of Wight 
 Bowen, Mrs. E., Brunswick Terrace, Leamington 
 Brown, Rev. Abner, M.A., Gretton Vicarage, Uppingham 
 Burman, James, Esq., F.R.A.S., Ballasalla 
 Butterton, the Rev. G. Ash, D.D., Settle 
 
 C. 
 
 Caley, Rev. R. L., M.A., Precentor of Bristol Cathedral 
 
 Caley, James A., Esq., C.E., F.G.S., Perademia, Ceylon 
 
 Campbell, Mrs., 50, Moray Place, Edinburgh 
 
 Carey, Captain C., Beach House, Castletown 
 
 Chaproniere, Captain, Millbrook House, Shepperton, 3 copies 
 
 Christian, W. W., Esq., Coroner-General, Ramsey 
 
 Clarke, Miss, Rushen Abbey 
 
 Clarke, Rev. J., St. Mark's, Isle of Man 
 
 Clayton, Mrs., St. Heller's, Jersey, 3 copies 
 
 Collinson, Alfred, Esq., M.D., Oxford Terrace, Hyde Park 
 
 Collinson, Henry, Esq., Shepperton 
 
 Connal, Michael, Esq., Chesterfield 
 
 Cooke, Mr. H. F., Byrom Street, Liverpool 
 
 Cooper, R. S., Esq., High Street, Bilston 
 
 Crellin, J. F., Esq., H.K., Orrysdale, Isle of Man 
 
 Gumming, Rev. Professor, North Runcton, 3 copies 
 
 Cuninghame, Patrick T., Esq., H.K., Castletown 
 
 Curphey, Rev. William, B.A., Dorrington, 2 copies 
 
 D. 
 
 Dunraven, the Dowager-Countess, Bridgend, Glamorganshire 
 Dunraven, the Right Hon. the Earl, Adare, Ireland 
 Davidson, Rev. H. C., King William's College, Isle of Man
 
 22 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Day, Miss, the Rectory, Kenmere 
 
 Delamotte, Edward, Esq., Farnborough, Hants 
 
 Dixon, Rev. Robert, D.D., King William's College, Isle of Man 
 
 Drinkwater, Deemster, Kirby, Isle of Man, 2 copies 
 
 Duff, W. H., Esq., 37, Mount Pleasant, Ranelagh, Dublin 
 
 Duggan, Rev. W., Marown 
 
 Dutton, the Misses, Villa Marina, Isle of Man 
 
 E. 
 
 Eccleston, Miss, Rushen Abbey 
 
 F. 
 
 Finch, Richard, Esq., Wigan, 2 copies 
 Floyers, Rev. T. B., Aldershaw, Lichfield 
 Fluitt, Mrs., Dee Hills, Chester 
 Forbes, Mrs., Malew 
 
 G. 
 
 Garrett, Thomas, Junior, Esq., Douglas, 2 copies 
 
 Gawne, Ed. M., Esq., Kentraugh, 3 copies 
 
 Gedge, Rev. Sidney, M.A., King Edward VI. 's Grammar School, 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 Gelling, Rev. Samuel, Kirk Santon 
 Gell, James, Esq., High Bailiff, Castletown 
 Gooch, the Rev. John H., M.A., Heath, Halifax 
 Graham, Rev. J., M.A., Lichfield 
 Gregson, Miss, Bolton 
 Gurney, Daniel, Esq., F.S.A., The Hall, North Runcton 
 
 H. 
 
 Hope, the Hon. Charles, Lieutenant-Govern or, Isle of Man, 2 copies 
 
 Hambleton, Rev. Josh., B.D., London 
 
 Harpur, H. L., Esq., Coton Hall, Nuneaton 
 
 Harrison, Rev. Bowyer, Kirk Maughold 
 
 Harrison, William, Esq., Manchester 
 
 Harrison, William, Esq., Rock Mount, Isle of Man 
 
 Henslow, the Rev. Professor, Hitcham 
 
 Hewitt, Halford, Esq., Lichfield 
 
 Hewitt, Thomas, Esq., Cork 
 
 Hill, Thomas, Esq., Wood Hall, Stockport 
 
 Holmes, Rev. A., Patrick, Isle of Man 
 
 Horton, Mrs., Talbot Villas, Rugeley 
 
 Howard, Rev. William, M.A., Headingley, Leeds 
 
 Howson, the Rev. J. S., M.A., Collegiate Institution, Liverpool 
 
 Hutchinson, the Rev. Canon, Blurton, Staffordshire 
 
 I. 
 
 Irvine, Mrs., Leigh, Lancashire 
 Irvine, Rev. James, M.A., Leigh
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 23 
 
 J. 
 
 Jeffcott, J., Esq., Advocate, Castletown 
 Johnson, Mrs., Lichfield 
 
 K. 
 
 Kinsey, George W., Esq., Sale Moor, Cheshire 
 Kermode, Rev. W., Ramsey 
 Kershaw, Rev. G. W., M.A., Ollerton, Notts 
 Kewley, Rev. J. W., M.A., Calton, Leek 
 
 L. 
 
 Lichfield, the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, Eccleshall 
 Laun, Mons. H. Van, King William's College, Isle of Man 
 Leslie, Rev. R. J., M.A., Bingham, Notts 
 Lucey, William, Esq., Bermondsey 
 
 M. 
 
 Malahide, Lord Talbot de, Dublin 
 
 M'Adam, Robert, Esq., Belfast 
 
 M'Calmont, Robert, Esq., 30, Eaton Square, London 
 
 Mackarness, Rev. J. R., Ilam 
 
 Mackenzie, Rev. W., Crescent View, Douglas 
 
 M'Meiken, Mr. John, Castletown 
 
 Master, Rev. George, Welsh Hampton, Salop 
 
 Matthews, Frank, Esq., Glyn Moore 
 
 Miles, Mrs., Bingham, Notts 
 
 Monds, Miss, Rushen Abbey 
 
 Moore, John C., the Venerable Archdeacon, Isle of Man 
 
 Moore, Mrs. Thomas D., Highfield Park, Cheshire 
 
 Moore, Robert J., Esq., High Bailiff, Peel 
 
 Moore, W. F., Esq., Tromode, Douglas 
 
 Morgan, J. Edward, Esq., Machynis, Llanelly 
 
 Munden, Miss, Newfoundland 
 
 Murray, Captain H., R.A., Thornton, Isle of Man 
 
 O. 
 
 Oldenbourg, Charles, Esq., Manchester, 3 copies 
 O'Reilly, Mr. J., Rochdale Road, Manchester 
 Oswald, H. R., Esq., H.K., Douglas, Isle of Man 
 
 P. 
 
 Peach, Rev. J. J., M.A., Holme Pierrepoint 
 Peacock, Miss, Holy Cross Glebe, Thurles 
 Potts, Rev. Robert, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge 
 Prosser, Rev. W., M.A., Franby, near Hessle, 2 copies 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quayle, John, Esq., H.K., Castletown 
 
 Quayle, M. H., Esq., Clerk of the Rolls, Castletown, 3 copies
 
 24 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Quilliam and Creer, Messrs., Castletown, 4 copies 
 
 Quirk, Rev. James, M.A., Attleborough 
 
 Quirk, Richard, Esq., H.K., Receiver-General, Douglas 
 
 R. 
 
 Reynolds, T. W., Esq., Halton Villa, Preston Brook 
 Reynolds, W., Esq., Warrington 
 Russell, Jesse Watts, Esq., Ilam Hall 
 
 S. 
 
 Selkirk, the Right Hon. the Earl, St. Mary's Isle, 2 copies 
 
 Sodor and Man, the Hon. and Right Rev. the Bishop of, 3 copies 
 
 Simpson, the Rev. Samuel, M.A., Douglas 
 
 Skrimshire, F. C., Esq., Isle of Man 
 
 Spode, Josiah, Esq., Hawksyard, Armitage 
 
 Steele, Alexander, Esq., Ph. D., Crescent, Douglas, 2 copies 
 
 Stephen, Deemster, Douglas 
 
 Stowell, the Misses, Rushen Abbey 
 
 Stuart, John, Esq., F.S.A., Edinburgh 
 
 T. 
 
 Tate, Rev. A., M.A., King's Brompton, Dulverton 
 Tilly, Miss, Chantilly, Dublin 
 
 U. 
 
 Underwood, Thomas, Esq., M.D., Castletown 
 
 V. 
 
 Vallance, Henry, Esq., Leinster Gardens, Hyde Park 
 Vallance, John, Esq., 20, Essex Street, Strand 
 Van Voorst, Mr. John, Paternoster Row 
 Vincent, Rev. H., St. Dogmael's, Cardigan 
 
 -W. 
 
 Worcester, the Right Rev. the Bishop of 
 
 Way, Albert, Esq., F.S.A., Wonham Manor 
 
 Welchman, Charles, Esq., Lichfield 
 
 Wilby, Mr. B. J., Castletown 
 
 Wilson, Senhouse, Esq., High Bailiff, Douglas 
 
 Woods, Mrs. C., Balladoole, Isle of Man, 2 copies 
 
 Wood, William, Esq., Wednesbury 
 
 Y. 
 
 York, Philosophical Society of 
 
 R. MASON, PRINTER, HIGH STREET, TENBTt.
 
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