ELEMENTS 
 
 PENTAMETER 
 
 THE LATE REV. ROBERT BLAND. 
 
 possum prrecepta referre 
 
 Ni refugis, tenuesque piget cognoscere curas 
 
 THE SfXTS EDITION, ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED FOR W. SIMPKIN AND R.MARSHALL, 
 STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LUCCAT^-STREET. 
 
 MDCCCXXVir.
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES, 
 Stamford-Street.
 
 CAUTIONS 
 
 ADDRESSED TO BEGINNERS*. 
 
 Introduction to 'Fifth Edition. 
 
 THB rules of prosody are within the reach of 
 every learner of Latin verse. But metrical ex- 
 ercises so necessary to the formation of that 
 tact, by which alone the graces and more ex- 
 quisite beauties of language are felt, may be 
 written in perfect conformity with the more 
 absolute laws contained in the grammar, with- 
 out yet attaining to elegance, or even to cor- 
 rectness. Not to canvass the degree of license 
 in which a scholar may be entitled to indulge, 
 it will not be denied that beginners should be 
 trained to the observance, not merely of positive 
 rules, but also of the most approved usages, 
 
 * Some alterations in the introduction to the fourth edition 
 have been rendered necessary, by the changes in the work as it 
 stands at present. 
 
 2123380
 
 IV 
 
 whose violation, if not, strictly speaking, erro- 
 neous, is at least ungraceful. 
 
 Having once formed his style and taste by a 
 diligent rejection of every license during his 
 nonage, the writer of Latin verse may begin 
 to introduce a few liberties, supported by the 
 authorities of those great poets whom he will 
 make the objects of his imitation. But those 
 who have been trained to observe the rule and 
 the usage most scrupulously, will be most cau- 
 tious in availing themselves of a privilege which 
 should be accorded only to talent and facility. 
 
 The beginner then is on no account permitted 
 to violate the following restrictions and usages, 
 which may be considered as a supplement to 
 his prosody. Although instances occur, in the 
 best Latin poets, of deviations from them, 
 which prevent them from passing into rules, 
 yet are these liberties so sparingly scattered 
 through the most admired works even of the 
 greatest length, that learners should by no 
 means be encouraged to adopt them. 
 
 1. The pronoun is will be avoided in all 
 cases and genders as an independent word. It- 
 may be used adjectively, and affixed to its sub- 
 stantive, but it must never, even in that case, 
 be found at the end of a pentameter.
 
 2. Adjectives, participles, adverbs, and con- 
 junctions, are excluded from forming termina- 
 tions to pentameters. Adjectives and adverbs 
 are excluded from this place in the pentameter by 
 approved usage, as prepositions exclude them- 
 selves by their nature. The exclusion of the 
 participle from the last place in a pentameter, 
 may be regarded as a positive rule. The only 
 violation of it within my observation, is in Pro- 
 pertius, lib. iii. el. 15: 
 
 Ad mea busta sedens 
 
 And there is hardly an uncouthness of rhythm 
 or construction which might not shelter itself 
 behind the same authority ; but who will reject 
 Ovid for Propertius ? Obs. The genius of 
 Latin verse demands that the ending word 
 should be among the more important in sense 
 and sound. It therefore follows that what 
 would be a license in the beginning of a verse, 
 would be doubly a license if admitted towards 
 its close. 
 
 3. No word ending with a short vowel is 
 allowed to be placed before words beginning 
 with sc, sp, or st. Obs. It is not intended to 
 be inferred that short vowels ordinarily become 
 long by such positions, although date tela
 
 VI 
 
 scandite muros, and pro segete spicas, pro grege 
 ferre dapem, would only be among other exam- 
 ples and testimonies to the correct ear of the 
 Latins ; hut as even these examples partake of 
 the nature of licenses, they must be avoided by 
 the beginner. 
 
 4. Although terminations in O are common, 
 the usage of that vowel should make it, in 
 preference, long, with the exception of the fol- 
 lowing instances; Nescio, cito, modo, duo, ego, 
 and homo. 
 
 5. Short vowels should be excluded from the 
 last syllables of pentameters, and should hardly 
 ever be admitted to end an hexameter. Con- 
 nected with this caution is the observation at- 
 tached to caution the second. The best verses, 
 more especially pentameters, are written on the 
 principle of attracting and fixing the attention 
 to their close. 
 
 6. The monotony occasioned by the frequent 
 recurrence of two A's, is to be avoided in the 
 last penthemimers of pentameters. 
 
 7. A dissyllable should hold the last place in 
 Latin pentameters. A word of four and pre-
 
 vii 
 
 ferably a word of five syllables may occasion- 
 ally be admitted ; but words of one and of 
 three syllables, must be absolutely excluded. 
 The usage of words of more than two sylla- 
 bles is borrowed from the Greeks, who in their 
 metres enjoy a freedom but partially adopted 
 by their imitators. Indeed the Greek and Latin 
 pentameters resemble each other only in the 
 number of their feet. The former, in their 
 beauty, seldom affect any playfulness or neat- 
 ness. The writers of the latter proposed to 
 themselves a certain tour de malice, which is 
 to be found generally in the French, and fre- 
 quently in the English couplet of Pope and 
 Dryden. 
 
 8. A word ending with a diphthong can never 
 be placed before a word beginning with the 
 same diphthong. 
 
 9. A sentence cannot end with the dactyl 
 forming the fifth foot of an hexameter, nor 
 consequently can a new sentence begin with 
 the terminating spondee. I omit any observa- 
 tions on the caesura, rhythm, or harmonies of 
 verse. These niceties cannot easily be embodied 
 in concise rules, but will, in due time, be appre- 
 hended easily by a well-practised ear.
 
 via 
 
 10. The adverb temere always precedes a 
 word beginning with a vowel either long by 
 nature or by position. 
 
 11. Ac always precedes a consonant*. 
 
 The above rules are chiefly intended for be- 
 ginners. Some of them may occasionally be 
 violated, even with advantage. Thus, how 
 elegant is the position of the conjunction, in 
 
 Perfida, sed quamvis perfida, cara tamen ; 
 
 and the adjective advanced to a primary place in 
 
 Si fallo, cinis Heu ! sit mihi. uterque gratis ! &c. 
 
 But these graces in the hands of beginners 
 would be converted into inadmissible liberties. 
 
 In using this elementary work, it is suggested 
 that in general, the pupil had best begin by 
 rendering into Latin two or more couplets ; and 
 after the Latin has been revised, the quantities 
 should be marked over all the syllables. When 
 these are corrected, the next step will be to 
 change the order of the words, thus prepared, 
 
 * The rule relating to the ancient contracted genitives of 
 words ending in ius and ium should be confined to Lyric verse ; 
 where the " Paneeti" " ingeni" and " consUI" of Horace are 
 our only safe guides Ovid sufficiently avails himself of the 
 &ter usage.
 
 IX 
 
 into verse ; and the whole may be ciarsed, as 
 necessary, and scanned and proved, according 
 to the rules. It is recommended also, on finish- 
 ing the collection, to go through it again, in 
 most cases, a second time ; and the latter half 
 of the work perhaps even more frequently. 
 
 This edition proceeds on the same plan* as 
 the last, to about the middle of the work ; and 
 continues, so far, to supply the epithets in 
 Latin (wherever it appeared possible that such 
 aid should be wanted), and throughout in Eng- 
 lish. It may be necessary to give some reason 
 for such a plan. 
 
 When it is considered that in selecting epi- 
 thets, the learner seeks rather to fill up a chasm 
 in measure than a chasm in sense, it will be 
 allowed that this demand upon his ingenuity is 
 not one of the earliest, which ought in general 
 to be exacted. To cope with the metre is the 
 first object ; and, in the large majority of in- 
 stances, that difficulty seems amply sufficient for 
 the beginner. If so, it must be injudicious to 
 increase it, by allowing him an unsafe liberty 
 of choice, which can only lead to the adoption 
 of idle or inelegant terms. Having once en- 
 listed into his service certain words of easy 
 
 * This remark only refers to the plan : there are several 
 new, or altered exercises, in the first portion.
 
 application to his embarrassment, he has re- 
 course to the same convenient usage wherever 
 it can be introduced ; and hence his ideas in- 
 sensibly become spell-bound to the circle, and 
 take the bent of his vocabulary. It is, there- 
 fore, of importance that such vocabulary should 
 be as various and appropriate as possible ; and 
 the examples of epithets first presented to the 
 learner must greatly influence the formation of 
 his own future taste. This reasoning may also 
 be applied, with discrimination, to certain verbs 
 and substantives ; but not to enter into a dis- 
 cussion which might be inappropriate to the 
 introduction of an elementary work, the au- 
 thor here leaves it with the classical student 
 and instructor. 
 
 Beside the insertion of many exercises, 
 either entirely new, or new-modelled, and other 
 detached improvements, the general object of 
 this little work, in its present state, may be 
 described as follows* 
 
 1st To furnish assistance, of the most com- 
 plete kind, to beginners in the composition of 
 Latin verse. 
 
 2nd. To make the exercises gradually harder, 
 not by leaving the sense for the verse incom- 
 
 * Mr. Bland was preparing this Fifth Edition for publication 
 a very short time previously to his decease.
 
 XI 
 
 plete, but by withdrawing the Latin words, 
 more and more. 
 
 3rd. To supply the pupil who has gone 
 through the rest of the book, with notes for 
 verses ; a further step in metrical instruction, 
 of which several new specimens are inserted in 
 the present edition ; and all the exercises of this 
 class are thrown together at the end of the book.
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 EXERCISE I. 
 The Horse. 
 
 ardeo 
 THE Horse, free and exulting rages in wide fields, 
 
 septum rubus 
 
 Making way thiough rivers, fences, and bushes. 
 
 EXERCISE II. 
 
 The Sailor. 
 
 nauta precor in patria 
 
 The Sailor prays a happy return to [his] country, 
 Inque porricio exta ferus 
 
 And thrones out entrails of the ox into fierce waves. 
 
 B
 
 EXERCISE III. 
 
 Morning. 
 
 matutinus sonuere 
 
 Now morning songs have sounded through airs, 
 excutio somnium 
 
 Boy admonished shakes off" grateful slumbers. 
 
 EXERCISE IV. 
 
 Rustic turned Soldier. 
 
 ferox agrestis detrecto rastrum 
 
 Stout rustic lets drop harrows from hard hands, 
 
 factus fortiter gero 
 
 And turned soldier bravely wields arms. 
 
 EXERCISE V. 
 
 Soldier turned Rustic. 
 
 abl. absol. colonus repeto 
 Peace returning rustic reseeks little Lares, 
 
 munere posito renovo 
 
 And duty of Mars being resigned re-cultivates the 
 fields
 
 EXERCISE VI. 
 Pastoral Music. 
 
 stratus humi j act as 
 While thou, Corydon, stretched on ground pourest 
 
 incondita. neut. 
 forth wild strains, 
 
 Omni a capta carmen sileo. neut. 
 
 /. II things charmed with divine verse are silent. 
 
 EXERCISE VII 
 
 Spring. 
 
 Humus verno suavis iterum 
 
 Ground is green, sweet spring again touches with 
 dulcedo 
 delight 
 
 aliger genus 
 Mortal senses, and the winged tribe. 
 
 EXERCISE VIII. 
 Europa. 
 
 pulcher mulceo palear 
 
 Fair Europa, thou pattest dew-laps of the bull with 
 hand, 
 
 B 2
 
 nescio accus. latere 
 
 Tliou knowest not [O] Nymph, that Jupiter lies hid 
 under the bull. 
 
 EXERCISE IX. 
 
 Tears. 
 
 haud dignatur ocellus turgidulus flendo 
 The boy disdains eyes swelled with weeping, 
 
 telum deceo foemina 
 
 Such weapons become thee alone, woman. 
 
 EXERCISE X. 
 
 Sacrifices. 
 
 macto. imperf. bidens superi de more 
 
 They used to sacrifice a white sheep to the Gods above, 
 
 dono. imperf. 
 They used to give black fleeces to the black God. 
 
 EXERCISE XI. 
 
 Religion. 
 
 nascens pluvius 
 
 As purple rose at its birth rejoices in rainy April, 
 
 sinus 
 So tender bosom exults in love of praise.
 
 EXERCISE XII. 
 
 A Pnze Book. 
 
 reporto praemium pi. 
 
 My muse gains a book the reward of learning, 
 Quid vides Isetius 
 
 What seest t/wu, Sun, more joyous in the whole 
 
 ablat 
 world than me. 
 
 EXERCISE XIII. 
 Health. 
 
 Mubilis tepidus 
 
 Breezy air, come through meadows with warm whisper, 
 
 recreo ablat. absol 
 
 And may health refresh [my] cheeks thee coming. 
 
 EXERCISE XIV. 
 The first King. 
 
 insideo fultus acernus solium 
 The first King sat supported on a maple throne 
 
 cinctus tegmen jus 
 
 And girt with the covering of trabea gave laws. 
 B 3
 
 EXERCISE XV. 
 
 Flatterer. 
 
 adulator mulceo tibi 
 May false flatterer never soothe your ears, 
 
 vester falsum 
 
 Nor drink your cups the price of falsehood. 
 
 EXERCISE XVI. 
 
 Bacchus. 
 
 redimite 
 [O] blushing Bacchus, mayest thou come crcnvned with 
 
 corymbus 
 full clusters, 
 tu levo cor. pi. 
 
 Mayest thou ease my heart from weight of cares. 
 
 EXERCISE XVII. 
 
 Portents. 
 
 novus motus tremiscens 
 
 Earth is shaken with strange motion dreading new 
 monsters, 
 
 ago aethera gr.-acc. 
 
 Jupiter hath driven horses through pure <sther
 
 7 
 
 EXERCISE XVIII. 
 Naids and Muses. 
 
 procul Ite antrum 
 
 Hens ! afar, go afar, ye profane, from the green cavern, 
 
 sacro locus 
 
 Xatdes and Pierides consecrate this spot. 
 
 EXERCISE XIX. 
 
 Cerberus. 
 
 En immanis aperio triplex hiatus 
 
 Lo ! vast Cerberus opens triple mouths, 
 profundus horreo Tartareus 
 
 The det>p kingdoms dread the Tartarian dog. 
 
 EXERCISE XX. 
 Exercise. 
 
 Artifex nequeo confero sapor 
 
 Ministers of luxury cannot bestow a flavour, 
 
 esuries solus partus 
 
 Which hunger only, obtained by labour, will give. 
 B*
 
 EXERCISE XXI. 
 
 Peace. 
 
 Jamque omnes vaco epulisque 
 
 And now all are intent on the tables and banquets of 
 
 the Gods, 
 
 tuque iterum vocat. servo 
 And thou again, Alpheslb&us, iendest oxen. 
 
 succinctus 
 Peace comes furnished with bough of happy olive, 
 
 adeo tartareus latebra 
 Sad Erinnys goes to Tartarian dens. 
 
 EXERCISE XXII. 
 Presence of the Deity. 
 
 cuncta guberno 
 
 God made all things, the same God govern.; all things, 
 vitaque morsque ex 
 
 Both life and death come out of that hand ; 
 
 alloquor pi. 
 
 He addresses the pious breast through mute silence, 
 
 Quodque scelus malus 
 
 And whatever of wickedness the bad man conceives, 
 he sees.
 
 9 
 
 EXERCISE XXIII. 
 
 Ancient Oracles. 
 
 effoetus veruia sileo 
 
 Now ancient oracles exhausted of truth are silent, 
 Delphicus ut ante 
 
 Delphian voice pours no sounds cw before ; 
 fataque recuso aperio 
 
 And oaks of Dodona refuse to unfold fates, 
 
 qui alloquor genus 
 
 He who rules stars addresses human race. 
 
 EXERCISE XXIV. 
 Winter. 
 
 haud amplius volucris demulceo cantus 
 No more birds charm airs with songs> 
 En gero acris 
 
 Lo ! Aquilo, my friend, brings a sharper cold ; 
 ast age depromo 
 
 But come* and draw forth the cask preserved through 
 
 years, 
 
 inque virgeus 
 
 And let flame fed by sticks again crackle on hearth. 
 
 * Servatumque. 
 B -3
 
 10 
 
 EXERCISE XXV. 
 
 Time. 
 
 edax tero gr. ace. 
 
 Devouring Time hath tvorn rocks and hard adamant, 
 
 adeo 
 
 And conqueror, conquered by Time, approaches tomb. 
 Hoc stabilis 
 
 This also disunites firm loves of mind, 
 
 frons 
 And ploughs wrinkles, O Lydia, in thy brow. 
 
 EXERCISE XXVI. 
 War. 
 
 galeatus juventus turritus 
 Helmeted youth leaves turreted cities, 
 
 hie pedes hie pulverulentus ssevio 
 
 This man a foot soldier, this man dusty rages 
 
 equo 
 
 on horseback; 
 
 galea lacessitus corusco 
 
 Helmets struck by the sun glitter per rura, 
 dli desero 
 
 Gods of peace have deserted wretched soil.
 
 11 
 
 EXERCISE XXVII. 
 
 Grandeur ends in Death. 
 
 quid mentitur tibi puniceus 
 
 Why does wool imitate for thee purple colours ? 
 corolla necto coma ablat. 
 
 Why does a coronal confine hairs scattered on [your] 
 
 forehead ? 
 
 Vanaque cur extruo atrium regifrcus luxus 
 
 And why build you vain halls with royal luxury ? 
 tumulus mox tectum pi. 
 
 A narrow tomb soon shall give to thee a roof. 
 
 EXERCISE XXVIII. 
 Love of Learning. 
 
 parvulus addictus abl. absol. 
 Boy devoted to study, nurse being left, 
 
 suspiro ace. 
 
 Sighs for [his] mother and fears Pierides . 
 quas mox peto 
 
 Whom he feared he shall soon spontaneously seek. 
 
 odit 
 whom he hated he shall love, 
 
 cingo 
 
 When Phcebus shall surround [his] head with green 
 honour. 
 
 B6
 
 12 
 
 EXERCISE XXIX. 
 
 Cassandra. 
 
 mult a super ablat. 
 
 Cassandra revolving many things concerning fall of 
 Priam, 
 
 plena futura 
 
 And filled with fates of Troy sings future things ; 
 
 excidium 
 
 And sees ruin which she may not be able to avert, 
 diripiendus graius vir 
 
 And temples soon to be demolished by Grecian men. 
 
 EXERCISE XXX. 
 Rome. 
 
 aspice amnis 
 
 Behold where Tibris, river most grateful to heaven, 
 
 pinguis cultum flumen 
 
 Cuts fertile fields with happy stream ; 
 
 olim ibi gens 
 
 Rome formerly gave laws there to conquered nations, 
 Luxuries traho in suus vinclum 
 
 Luxury draws Rome into her mvn chains.
 
 13 
 EXERCISE XXXI. 
 
 Rural Repose. 
 
 texo fiscella gracilis hibiscum 
 
 Maeris was platting a basket with pliant rush, 
 
 necto 
 
 Daphne icas twining lilies mixed with roses ; 
 Interea servo sequax caprea 
 
 Meanwhile they watch [their] kids, and following deer, 
 
 seco gratus pi. de culmen 
 Which nibble siveet thyme from lop of mountain. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXII 
 
 Spring. 
 
 abl. absol. radians rosarium rubeo bifer 
 Spring shining rose-buds blush of double-bearing 
 Pae?tuin, 
 
 omnis nemus parturio 
 
 In new spring every grove brings forth leaves ; 
 
 omnis genus volantum modus 
 
 In spring every kind of birds soothes airs with melodies, 
 
 suaviter 
 Poet sweetly sings in woods in spring.
 
 14 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIII. 
 Eden. 
 
 homo excolo Ldensis 
 
 The first man happy cultivated gardens of Eden, 
 usque fretus 
 Always relying on love of God the Creator ; 
 
 colligo sibi 
 But while Eva gathers for herself purple flowers, 
 
 ipsa 
 Interea herself more beautiful than flowers falls. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIV. 
 Sacrifice. 
 
 hostia dat. case spargendaque 
 
 Now victim preserved for Jupiter, and to be sprinkled 
 with wine, 
 
 vires peto robur frons 
 Exulting in strength butts oaks iviih brow : 
 adsto dat. abl. absol 
 
 Now priest stands by altars a croivd accompanying, 
 
 donum thureus, a, urn. repleo aedes sing. 
 And now gifts of frankincense fill temple with odpur.
 
 15 
 
 EXERCISE XXXV. 
 
 Night. 
 
 ruo 
 
 Night falls, and embraces earth with black wings, 
 inque lenis 
 
 And Morpheus has soothing poppy in [his] hand ; 
 
 pii quies membrum 
 
 The pious give to placid rest limbs wearied with 
 labour, 
 
 somnium exagito sinus 
 
 Dire dreams agitate the foul bosom. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVI. 
 
 Sacred Trees. 
 
 Fallens : pi. circumdo tempora 
 
 Pale ivy surrounds temples of Bacchus, 
 
 cingo coma pi. 
 
 White poplar girds Herculean locks ; 
 
 But Pallas rejoices in bough of happy olive, 
 atque vireo suus 
 
 And laurel flourishes beloved by its oivn Phoebus.
 
 16 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVII 
 
 Praises of England. 
 
 praeclarus ollvifer. 
 
 Renowned bard may praise olive-bearing Athena, 
 
 aethereus 
 
 And Rome may touch the heavenly pole with [her] 
 vertex 
 head. 
 
 Anglicus tellus 
 Thou English land shalt be praised in my verse, 
 
 victrix ocellus voc. case 
 
 victorious island beauty of the azure sea. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVIII. 
 Tartarus. 
 
 declivis tristis tenebrosus hiatus 
 
 There is a steep way, dreary with shadowy gulf, 
 
 pateo 
 
 Which opens to pale kingdoms of the black God: 
 simulacrum homo ora 
 
 Here shades of men wander through mournful coasts, 
 
 torpeo 
 Where livid horror of stygian water stagnates.
 
 17 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIX. 
 
 Age of Innocence. 
 
 antea quam decolor aetas 
 
 Before tliat degenerate age succeeded to the first [age], 
 
 vernans pabulum pi. sponte sua 
 
 Flourishing earth gave food spontaneously. 
 
 bucerus imperf. juxta 
 
 Tigers and horned herds used to feed near [each other], 
 
 caesius ace. plur. 
 
 Here the sheep, here Lion brindled as to mouth 
 played. 
 
 EXERCISE XL. 
 Death. 
 
 Numen agendas 
 
 Deity permits to life a short time to be passed, 
 
 Morsque superveniens voro omnia 
 And death coming upon us devours all things 
 bellus neut. 
 beautiful ; 
 
 plur. 
 The same death opens "heavens, and seats of the pious, 
 
 plur. 
 And gives to the just interior kingdoms of God.
 
 18 
 
 EXERCISE XLI. 
 
 Mausoleum. 
 
 condo nobis serus 
 
 We build this urn for us and for remote grandsons, 
 posterus gens compositus avus 
 
 May future race venerate buried grandsires ; 
 
 patrius 
 
 And moved by admonition of a tomb covering paternal 
 bones, 
 
 horreo structus externus 
 
 May it dread sepulchres built in foreign soil. 
 
 EXERCISE XLII. 
 The Deity. 
 
 Numen tueor de 
 
 Deity guards things of men from sacred seat, 
 
 fulmmibusque 
 
 Hand is armed with showers and thunders ; 
 quinetiam 
 
 Moreover to us he has given gifts of life, 
 
 boni 
 Promising pure joys of heaven to the good.
 
 19 
 
 noverit 
 But the bad deceiver shall have known horrible fires, 
 
 pensum sinus vel asperior 
 And thoughts of bosom even ruder than flames. 
 
 EXERCISE XLIII. 
 The Poet. 
 
 ablat. 
 Who has seen Muses sitting on Mount Parnassus, 
 
 iii 
 Where softer wave flows on sacred soil ? 
 
 distinguo 
 Him fame of learned poet always will mark out, 
 
 vivet cui risus 
 
 He will live, whose work Muse crowns with smile. 
 
 nescio speratus 
 
 Who knows not all the rewards of hoped laurel ? 
 
 nescio vifere 
 
 Who knows not that his head is green with sacred 
 leaf ? 
 
 EXERCISE XLIV. 
 Rome. 
 
 Divine Romulus made an eternal city ; 
 
 habete 
 Temples of Palatine mount possess Jupiter
 
 Virtus bellantum servo sseculum 
 
 Valour of warriors guards the walls through ages, 
 The love of a name increases perpetual praises. 
 
 pono novus jus 
 But now purple priest hath held new rights, 
 
 quos veteres 
 
 He governs by arts whom the antients (governed) by 
 arms. 
 
 EXERCISE XLV. 
 Early Friendship. 
 
 similis 
 Claudius and Lycidas had parents of like degree, 
 
 Fraternal minds, and contiguous Lares : 
 Utque pene gemelli 
 
 And as in years, so in studies, both nearly twins, 
 
 adhere parilis 
 
 They approached temples of Muses with equal step, 
 quern hie lego 
 
 Him ivhom the one chooses [as] companion, the other 
 complector 
 embraces [as] companion, 
 
 ille infidus 
 
 And the one rejects from bosom him who is faithless 
 
 socius 
 to his friend.
 
 21 
 
 EXERCISE XL VI. 
 
 Diana. 
 
 chorea 
 Diana exercises light dances over meadows, 
 
 Sylvestris fera dat. 
 
 And prepares nets for woodland beast with fraud ; 
 Excito saevosque lustra 
 
 She rouses boar, and cruel lions from dens, 
 
 rictus 
 
 Tiger terrible with its grin has wounds, 
 tamen candidus auritus 
 
 But yet fair goddess spares long-eared hare, 
 
 convenio 
 
 That slaughter befits not the dart of a goddess, 
 moniti effundo 
 
 Admonished let us learn not to pour forth such life, 
 
 innocuus cruor 
 Nor let innocent blood pollute our arms. 
 
 EXERCISE XLV1I. 
 Hymen. 
 
 fores fo?dus 
 
 Virtue presides at these doors, where in sweet bond 
 
 immotus 
 Hymen unmoved by gain hath joined breasts.
 
 22 
 
 cithara tester' euntem 
 
 Hymen is God of Peace ; harps testify htm going, 
 Lampades sparsus 
 
 Lamps, and smiles, and garlands scattered in ways. 
 Parce dolens proferre dolor Deo 
 
 Forbear, man of sorrow, to utier grief, the God 
 veniente 
 coming, 
 
 lividus parce funestus 
 
 And envious tongue refrain from ill-omened 
 sounds ; 
 
 votum sit aptus 
 And where the pomp swells, let the vow be propitious 
 
 amans 
 to the lovers, 
 
 ultro 
 And may auspicious words spontaneously give [them] 
 
 bonus 
 auspicious days. 
 
 EXERCISE XLVIII. 
 
 Grotto ofEgeria. 
 
 Ariclnus 
 Ye oaks of Aricinian valley, and horror of places, 
 
 vos antrum laqueatus 
 *And you ye caves arched by the hand of nature, 
 
 * Antraque
 
 23 
 
 pl. scatebra 
 
 Fountain breaking eternal silence with light bubblings, 
 Dicite lateat abditus 
 
 Say where the nymph of Numa may lurk concealed, 
 
 videor 
 The airs ansAver, or seem to answer, 
 
 quam peto lustro 
 
 She whom you seek wanders over this, that, and 
 omnus solum 
 
 every soil , 
 
 quacnmque alloquor petens 
 
 Wherever mild nature addresses the inquirer, 
 
 ibi conjux consiliumque 
 
 There lives the wife and counsel of Numa. 
 
 EXERCISE XLIX. 
 Trees. 
 
 velim memores 
 
 I could wish, sweet Muse [that] you would relate 
 honours of woods, 
 
 resero 
 Nor, Dryad, may it shame thee to unlock latebrae. 
 
 pando 
 Venerable oak sacred to Jove ftretches shade,
 
 24 
 
 quernus 
 Oaken crown surrounds head of heroes. 
 
 proxima aptissima facilia 
 To which the beech [is] nearest and fittest for delicate 
 
 tornus 
 graving tool, 
 Beech which pious Muse of Virgilius sings, 
 
 taxus in bellicus cornu 
 
 Sad Yews are bent into warlike bows, 
 
 ornus 
 And fertile mountain Ash has red berries. 
 
 potans 
 Vine gives cups, plane tree [gives] shade to drinkers, 
 
 amata dat. 
 And Myrtle beloved by Venus surrounds hair. 
 
 EXERCISE L. 
 
 The Ravage of Time. 
 
 merito aetas 
 
 Alas ! with reason, O flying Time, we fear thy thefts, 
 in pi. falx 
 
 Thou mowest all things over the earth with thy scythe. 
 
 rapio 
 On thy brow thou bearest hair ; but lest we may catch 
 
 iens 
 thee going
 
 25 
 
 velox inanis. neut. 
 
 Swift wings carry thee thro' space 
 
 gen, plur. 
 
 Phaeax modo rubeo 
 
 Phceacian gardens lately blushed in these valleys, 
 
 lolium dominor 
 Unhappy darnel now sways fields. 
 
 flumen lavo 
 
 These streams lately bathed marble towers, 
 
 ater pauperies effero 
 But now gloomy poverty makes wild the place. 
 
 efficio strages usque 
 
 Thou makest this havoc, O time ; but as by always 
 
 volo 
 flying, , 
 
 accelero lapsus 
 
 Thou hastenest thy silent passage, so will 7 Chasten] 
 the work of the mind. 
 
 NOTE. Tu and Eyo to be expressed a emphatic, because 
 contrasted. 
 
 EXERCISE LI. 
 
 Sailing on a Summer's Night. 
 
 suave sulco profundum aestivua 
 
 ft [?/] sweet to plough the deep under summer moon.
 
 26 
 
 unctus abies labor placidus vadis 
 When careen'd vessel glides on placid waters; 
 tacitus tonsa tingo immotus marmor 
 
 Silent oars are dipped (in) a serene surface, 
 
 vix carbaseos sinus 
 
 Languid air hardly moves canvass bosoms; 
 
 vetus aperior 
 
 Here touched with silver an ancient city is descried by 
 
 iens 
 the passenger; 
 
 raresco dominor 
 
 Here a mountain begins to fade which sways the 
 
 waters. 
 
 ratis interlabor pacatus 
 
 The vessel again glides between peaceful fields, 
 Where life suspended for a little time is silent ; 
 
 interea luctus sopio cithara 
 In the meanwhile grief is hushed by the lyre ; and 
 
 unda 
 the water 
 
 gestio pectus 
 
 Delights to bear the soft melody on its bosom. 
 
 NOTE. Touched with silver; i.e., touched by the silve77 
 light of the moon
 
 27 
 
 EXERCISE LII. 
 
 Concealed Sorrow. 
 
 pictum fronte rugisque 
 
 I lead painted on wretched brow and wrinkles of the 
 
 potens 
 powerful^ 
 
 ace. infin. quae tribuisse 
 
 That fortune sells what you may think her to have 
 given ; 
 
 die insomniumpl. penso 
 
 And that groans by day, sleeplessness by night pay for 
 
 infidus risus bonum 
 
 The faithless smiles and false blessings of the goddess, 
 quoquehic detergo nubila dat. case 
 
 Even he who hath cleared away clouds from 
 
 propinquus habeo pro 
 Whom each relation esteems for happy. 
 
 modo imperf. sub. grassans 
 If he but shewed cares raging in breast, 
 
 verteret mirans invidia lacrymis 
 Would, change admiring envy into tears-* 
 mosrens intus ille gero persona beatus 
 Mourning inwardly he wears mask of happy man, 
 
 ipse miser 
 He is happy to others, but himself wretched to 
 
 sibi 
 Limself. 
 
 * This line ends with a word of four syllables. 
 C 2
 
 28 
 
 EXERCISE LIII. 
 
 Revenge. 
 
 lacesso genus 
 
 When Revenge provokes mortal race with furies, 
 
 ulla dies 
 Not any day mitigates rage of heart ; 
 
 quoque 
 Then also interrupted pleasure of friendship flies, 
 
 aliena laetis 
 
 And mind estranged from joys seeks slaughter, 
 ergo ubi 
 
 Therefore when the Indian shall have conceived the 
 rabtes of Revenge, 
 
 nemora 
 Sedulous he urges journey through forests and 
 
 mountains, 
 gelidus de 
 
 Cold waters from fountains hinder him not, 
 
 sedit 
 For such fury hath sat ad ossa of him wretched. 
 
 regius 
 When royal Juno vowed destruction of Troy, 
 
 saeviit in 
 
 Sad anger raged with hand against Iliadse. 
 
 ardeo 
 Why does unhappy hatred burn in heavenly minds ? 
 
 homines deceo 
 Anger against wretched mankind becomes not gods.
 
 29 
 
 EXERCISE LIV. 
 
 Passages from Psalm 
 
 ccerulus neut. specto consitus late 
 
 The azure places which thou beholdest sawn far and 
 
 signum 
 wide with signs, 
 
 sidus testificatus 
 
 And constellations sing testifying [their] author; 
 indefessus seco iter axis 
 
 The unwearied Sun who cuts daily way in his car 
 concino pando verum uterque 
 
 Sings in concert, and spreads the truth to either pole. 
 The moon repeats wonders to listening earth, 
 
 rumpens refero unde ortus 
 
 And piercing darkness relates where she was born. 
 
 cunctus lucidus cohors orbis 
 
 What if all the bright host around [the] opaque ball 
 
 usque perago chorus 
 
 While it is silent always performs ethereal dancett 
 
 remitto 
 
 What if stars send forth neither voice nor words? 
 At visa est animus reddo 
 
 Yet each appears to the mind to utter a sound; 
 
 tempestas 
 
 And the seasons going in fixed order celebrate 
 motrix Artifex 
 
 Both the impelling hands, and God the Maker. 
 C 3
 
 30 
 EXERCISE LV. 
 
 Natural Religion. 
 
 cui intelligo 
 
 Lo ! Indian whose mind rude of study perceives 
 
 nebula 
 
 The form [of God] in clouds, words of God in the 
 flamen 
 gale. 
 
 haud tribuo Illms 
 
 Wisdom hath not given wings to his soul, 
 ut inlret nitidus iter 
 
 To enter glittering way of the sun, or [the way] of 
 milk*. 
 
 trans ardua 
 
 But simple Nature hath feigned beyond the steeps cf 
 jugum 
 a cliff 
 
 nubifer velit 
 
 Supporting clouds, the heaven which he could wish 
 
 domus 
 to be a home. 
 
 emeritus 
 
 There a happier world smiles to him having past thro* 
 life, 
 
 * The milky way, a part of heaven so thickly sown with 
 stars, as to have a white or milky appearance.
 
 rubeo amictus 
 
 Or island blushes clothed in eternal roses, 
 ubi flagrum 
 
 Wliere no Obeldes* will torture shades with scourges, 
 nullus reporto opes merx 
 
 No one gains riches by inhuman traffic : 
 
 venerans 
 And worshipping [he] cherishes a hope, that received 
 
 sequus 
 in that equal seat 
 
 orbis 
 
 Faithful dog may be [his] companion in the world 
 of shades. 
 
 EXERCISE LVI. 
 
 Rome in Ruins. 
 
 jaceo venustas simul 
 
 Rome lies dead, but beauty is not extinguished also, 
 
 tabes purpuro 
 
 So the last hour of consumption purples cheeks ; 
 simulacrum recumbo 
 
 Shadows of temples repose in mirror of river, 
 
 w __ 
 
 * Obeides, Latinized from Obei ; the evil genius and tor- 
 turing demon of the negroes. 
 
 c 4
 
 32 
 
 cum decus 
 
 With which [her] glory hath been born, and hath 
 consenesco 
 grown old. 
 
 nemus 
 Ethereal forms deign to visit this grove, 
 
 recreo 
 
 And ethereal lyres to charm these airs ; 
 A part not seen by mortal eye breathes loves. 
 Part cherish [their] genius with rosy vine and 
 jocus 
 jests ; 
 
 brachium 
 Part fit their shoulders to arms, and pray deity 
 
 laurea redivivus septeni-orum jugum 
 
 [That] the laurel may be renewed on the seven hills. 
 
 reviresco 
 Oh ! oaks dear to brave shades be green again, 
 
 amnis voc. pi. eo 
 
 Oh ! river dear to the brave mayest thou flow 
 
 perennis 
 everlasting. 
 
 EXERCISE LVII. 
 
 The Sabbath. 
 
 Sacra dies affero requiemque colens 
 
 Sacred day brings [rest] to earth and rest to cultivators.
 
 33 
 
 novitas 
 May this sacred day be to me a newness of life ; 
 
 lux 
 Scilicet on this day the Saviour burst sepulchre, 
 
 victor volo ab orbis 
 
 And victorious jaid to de&ih,Flyfrom world. 
 Ergo miscerier 
 
 Therefore let it shame the world to be disturbed with 
 
 sad arms, 
 
 Utque campus vaco 
 
 And as the field from arms so may forums be free 
 
 lis 
 from litigation. 
 
 lux quoque 
 
 On this day also may ill-persuading hunger of gain 
 quiesco 
 
 rest, 
 quoque 
 
 And may the breast love which conceives hatred 
 intus 
 
 within ; 
 
 lacrymatus 
 
 But not myrrhs wept from happy bark, 
 caesaque agna pmmen 
 
 And not Lamb slain in temples will be an expiation; 
 But mind pure, and not agitated by tumult of vice, 
 
 sacra-orum convenio 
 Mild offering r suit mild God. 
 
 c 5
 
 34 
 EXERCISE LV1II. 
 
 Home after years of absence. 
 
 cognoscq certus 
 Who taught Nomades* to acknowledge a settled seal, 
 
 effrenus domus 
 
 And first [taught] lawless men to love a home ? 
 Altho' without a name he sleeps in unknown tomb, 
 At 
 
 Yet the elements give mournful melody to [his] 
 sing, 
 ashes. 
 
 sanctus ineo 
 
 Oh home ! hallowed to me, where / entered threshold 
 of life, 
 
 ludo parvulus fores 
 
 And sported a little one before the dear doors; 
 
 ^Edes sing. 
 
 And thou, O church, whose tower seen thro' tall elms 
 Commemoro 
 
 fells of [my] fathers whom thy stones conceal; 
 
 aequalis 
 
 And you my equals in years whom the black hour may 
 haye spared, 
 
 * The wandering Scythian and wandering African tribe* 
 were distinguished by the terms Nomades and Numidse two 
 dialects of the same word.
 
 35 
 
 puer adsum 
 
 As [ye were] companions to me a boy, so be ye com- 
 
 senex 
 panions to me old. 
 
 mea corda revisens notus 
 Rest revisits the heart cfme re-visiting known places, 
 lympha ecce 
 
 And trie water thro' the valley murmurs, " Behold 
 home !" 
 
 haec lenio obortus 
 
 Among these scenes breast is soothed by rising tears, 
 
 sit mihi 
 
 Among these scenes be it mine to live, and be it 
 mine to die. 
 
 EXERCISE LIX. 
 
 On Prayer. 
 
 planctus tectum. pi. sareptinus 
 
 What lamentations fill the sad roof of Sareptan 
 [female ?] 
 
 habeo 
 
 Alas ! a dead son within occupies the bed. 
 At Vates subvenio 
 But the Prophet relieves [her] tears, and by prayers 
 
 restores 
 
 Both soul to the limbs, and day to the eyes. 
 c C
 
 areo languesco 
 
 Ground is parched, and thirsting parsley droops in 
 
 the garden. 
 
 Just man by prayer gives heavenly waters to the 
 earth. 
 
 vexo pagus precans 
 
 Dire famine wastes villages pious lips of one praying 
 distendo laetitia 
 
 Burst the barns and bring joy. 
 
 queror. imperf. 
 
 I was sad, and ivas complaining of heats of fever and 
 losses; 
 
 affero opis 
 
 And I said, " Thou [my] companion bring sdace to 
 [my] care. " 
 
 solatium, pi. 
 
 But the consoler equally seeking consolation for him- 
 self, 
 
 Refero ipse auxilium 
 
 Answered, " I myself ask. the solace that you. seek. 
 Age ergo subeo pi. 
 Come then, let us enter temple of divine parent, 
 
 quies ratio 
 
 And lei the rest which human reason denies 
 
 partus 
 be obtained by prayer."
 
 37 
 
 EXERCISE LX 
 
 The Miser. 
 
 At* nummus area 
 
 Bui may it be ill to you who hide money in chest ; 
 
 queis lamna 
 May it be ill to wham ore shines buried in earth. 
 
 egredior avarus exeo 
 
 Harpagus comes forth miser comes out companion to 
 nullus 
 no one ; 
 
 rimosus aquilo ab. abs. 
 
 Behold tattered toga North wind lloiving. 
 
 vigilatus 
 Pale with hunger, pale with hours passed in watching, 
 
 hue illuc 
 
 He divides eyes this way and that with fear, 
 Semianimis opacus 
 
 Half dead if wind move dark bough 
 
 festinans ipse 
 And if hastening, he himself may cough, he trembles. 
 
 trepidans palma 
 And, with agitated hand, seizing his own arm, 
 
 ait invenio 
 
 " At length," he says, " / catch you, wretched rob- 
 ber !" 
 
 * S^| Horace and Ovid for instances of this usage.
 
 38 
 
 ab. abs. 
 Thou hastenest to the oak, which, nymphs being driven 
 
 cortex 
 
 from bark, opes 
 
 Now *unworthy keeps thy riches, O Harpagus. 
 
 expalleo 
 Why dost thou tremble? thou iurnest pale Thieves. 
 
 rapio 
 
 have robbed chest 
 ace. 
 Chest, than which nothing (was) more beautiful in 
 
 whole world. 
 
 pauxillum supersum restis 
 
 But a litlle remains to thee, with which halter may be 
 bought; 
 
 solutus opes 
 Either die, or stripped of wealth, despise wealth. 
 
 EXERCISE LXI. 
 
 Contentment. 
 
 expedio 
 
 / will explain in a few [words] to thee what are the 
 sweets of life, 
 
 anteferendus 
 Firm health, to be preferred to all blessings; 
 
 * Unworthy is an adjunct to oak in the preceding line.
 
 39 
 
 virtus 
 Mind conscious of right, and valour despising dangers, 
 
 sativus 
 And love of natal soil planted in heart: 
 
 senium 
 Wife, offspring venerating old age of parents, 
 
 And books, and companion, who himself cultivates 
 Muses ; 
 
 crassus ut possit depello 
 
 Garment coarse, but that it may be able to keep off" cold; 
 
 pi. mihi 
 And may neighbouring elm give fuel to my hearth: 
 
 aversatus 
 And Bacchus not averse from rustic table, 
 
 nee fastidio ineo 
 
 *And grace who does not disdain to enter Lares: 
 
 neque nimium cultus camera 
 Nor rude furniture, nor too costly in chamber, 
 
 opes quantus mox 
 
 And wealth as much as [man] about to die soon may 
 want; 
 
 qua quondam repo arena 
 
 And where formerly first infancy had crawled on floor, 
 
 nixus sustineo 
 
 May old age leaning on staff support feet. 
 
 * The words And and not are combined and expressed m the 
 r-ord nee.
 
 40 
 
 EXERCISE LXII. 
 The Sibyl. 
 
 Cumaeus rigeo fremeris 
 
 Where Cumcean rocks rise upright over raying waves, 
 
 lundus incubo 
 
 And dismal horror broods over cruel waters; 
 
 exesus aedes. pi. fatidicus 
 
 Caverns worn ivith age give a house to the prophetic 
 Sibyl ; 
 
 procul 
 Nor far off is the dire way to the black Gods. 
 
 olim hanc 
 
 Youthful Phoebus once had loved her tender 
 
 tu 
 And had said, " I will give [thee] a gift, do thou 
 
 only demand [it.] 
 
 [She] asked a prophetic mind, and life without end : 
 [He] opens fates to her eyes, [he] gives days with- 
 out end. 
 innuba vates 
 The unwed Prophetess counts six hundred birth-days, 
 
 erubeo 
 
 And sees the vine to have blushed so often, 
 And wearied with living says, pouring sighs, 
 
 rogus 
 
 " Oh life more sad to me than funeral piles built 
 up!"
 
 41 
 
 cor. pi. rabies 
 
 But when [her] heart swells with rage, then sluggish 
 
 age 
 
 Exuor mos 
 
 Is put off: [her] hairs are scattered without order. 
 
 baud unus 
 
 Then the colour [is] not the same to [her] singing 
 the secrets of fate, 
 
 instar numinis 
 And form then suddenly will be like a Deity. 
 
 EXERCISE LXIII 
 
 Crusovius loquitur. 
 
 incedo regnator eremus 
 
 1 go forth alone ruler of vast desert, 
 
 solum qua pateo 
 
 The whole land, wherever it extends, acknowledges 
 
 me [as] lord, 
 sylvestris fera 
 
 Both wild beasts and harmonious birds [arc] to me a 
 gens 
 nation : 
 
 ego tremo de 
 
 / fear not snares from such a nation.
 
 42 
 
 ales imitatrix 
 
 And bird, imitator of human voice, is [my] friend, 
 Bird, safer [than] human friendships. 
 
 exutus haheor 
 
 And hides stripped off from beasts are esteemed by me 
 a garment, 
 
 consuta 
 Which sewn together [with] bark betrays rude 
 
 needles. 
 
 capra de sylvestris 
 
 Kid from wild flock affords unbought table, 
 Liquid fountains give cups, and herb a bed. 
 
 pomum fruges pi. 
 Cave supplies barns [for] fruits and corn ; 
 
 textus juncus 
 
 Roofs woven [with] slender reed give Lares. 
 
 corivexa polus 
 Mountains, plains, convexities of heavens (are) to me 
 
 temples, 
 
 structus Nunien 
 
 Built by hands of God, worthy [their] own Deity. 
 
 quodcunque cingo quod 
 
 But whatever surrounds [my] feet, what [surrounds] 
 my eyes, is God; 
 
 agnosco Deus alloquor pi. 
 
 I acknowledge the Divinity ', who speaks to my heart.
 
 43 
 EXERCISE LXIV . 
 
 Now pious simplicity files an exile from our fields, 
 
 teneo rus. pi. 
 And snares of city possess country and grove. 
 
 prodeo imp. tense 
 
 Gorgo once used to go forth simple, and rustic, 
 quilibet albens 
 
 Any* garment* covering* fair bosom: 
 
 munditia pi. ace. 
 
 Simple in elegance she smiled, adorned as to decent 
 ace aliter placitura 
 
 Locks with flower othenvise not about to please 
 husband. 
 
 glacio numen 
 
 When Jupiter froze waters with pure influence, 
 
 stringo positus 
 And keener air bound fallen snows ; 
 
 sponsa euro dapes 
 Chaste wife provided dainties [for] late husband, 
 
 pudet lignum 
 
 Nor hat it shamed her to place logs on hearth : 
 
 argutus pecten 
 She ran thro* slender loom with rattling reed, 
 
 abl. absol. 
 
 Or gave, the sun rising, task to [her] daughter. 
 The decent mother herself, accompanied by dear girls, 
 
 * Ablative absolute.
 
 44 
 
 Sedula 
 
 Diligent soothed master of house with voice. 
 
 pariter in 
 
 She came equally to cares, and part of labour ; 
 It shamed wife to have forsaken husband. 
 
 gesto arista 
 
 In mid summer she carried full sheaves, 
 
 mergo 
 
 Or washed tender flock [with] sedulity. 
 B it at length madness hath seized hardy rustics, 
 
 vegetus 
 Who have forsaken sound manners of fathers. 
 
 EXERCISE LXV. 
 
 ab zevi 
 
 Sors mea principiis fuit irrequieta 
 
 The lieggar 
 
 non digna 
 
 O ! rich [man] pity me bearing unworthy things, 
 Whom limbs have scarce borne to [your] joyful 
 
 doors; 
 
 cu i petltus 
 
 Whose life hastens to an end, and desired repose ; 
 cui cibus fames 
 
 Whose food itself is more dire than dire hunger.
 
 durities 
 
 Ye winds, and breasts surpassing winds in cruelty, 
 victus annosus 
 
 Conquered by prayers spare old man full of years. 
 
 aeger pererro 
 
 For faint and solitary I wander thro' cities and plains, 
 
 scrupeus tero lacer 
 
 And stony earth has worn [my] bruised foot. 
 
 procul excelsus 
 
 Where afar ample house rises [with] lofty columns, 
 
 oneratus 
 WTiere table loaded with various dainties groans ; 
 
 gemitus frustum 
 
 Unhappy I pour'd groans, and asked fragmen is, 
 
 bacchans chorus 
 Hoping to bend hearts of the bacchanalian creiv ; 
 
 ille exultim rideo 
 
 But that crew exultingly mock'd [my] sighs, 
 
 ludo abl. absol. 
 And baiuered, wine supplying jests. 
 Dumque coronatus inunctus 
 
 And while brimm'd cups are drain'd luxurious 
 
 potor merum addo 
 
 Reveller exclaims, " Pour wine, and pour more 
 wine ; 
 
 satur ludo 
 
 And pamper'd servants ridiculed my fastings, 
 
 pervigil ferus 
 
 And icatchful dog bark'd ivith fierce mouth.
 
 46 
 
 hebeto lumen 
 Oh ! fierce Poverty, thou dimmest lights of Sun ; 
 
 funero 
 Care buries thy offspring before [their] day: 
 
 jubar nocturnus 
 
 For common beam of Sun, and nightly lamp, 
 
 potiora 
 Scarcely shine preferable to darkness to the poor: 
 
 prcebeo 
 To them Camcenae present not access to [their] temples, 
 
 adsum 
 
 But horror of prison is always present to [their] 
 minds. 
 
 EXERCISE LXVI. 
 
 IIoi as tyvyu ; 
 
 Slavery. 
 
 vinclum 
 Thrice wretched is he, whom base yoke, whom chains 
 
 of tyrant 
 cogo *praeteriisse 
 Compel to pass days in slavery. 
 In vain nature spreads joy through the world, 
 
 * Prceteriisse answers to the Greek aorist, and is not to be 
 understood rigorously as a past time, but an indefinite.
 
 47 
 
 omnis nemus blandisonus 
 In vain every grave gives soft sounding melody. 
 
 multa de stramen 
 
 Grieving many things, he leaves bed of foul straw , 
 
 gallus 
 When the cock calls purple day with mouth : 
 
 levis tepeo aether innubilis 
 
 "Where gentle air is warm, and sky always unclouded, 
 
 imturus rubeo 
 
 And Sun about to enter heavenly journey is red. 
 
 odoratus myrrh a flumen 
 
 Among odorous myrrh trees, near rivers, of which 
 
 aurifer gero pi. 
 
 The gold-bearing wave carries riches to people, 
 
 incola 
 
 Among these things the inhabitant mourns hard bridles 
 of slavery, 
 
 traho 
 And drags cruel chains with unwilling foot. 
 
 foscundus 
 Thou also, fruitful nurse of great men, 
 
 Itala jaceo subactus 
 
 Italian land, liest subdued by slavery. 
 Verna custodio Kidens sibi 
 Slate tends sheep not for himself, but for master, 
 
 subeo 
 
 He endures thousand tcedia not for himself, but for 
 master.
 
 48 
 
 qu& olea frondeo 
 
 WJiere olive-trees spring, and where grape [is] 
 nigerrimus moereo 
 ripest, he saddens, 
 
 sata mox secandus falx 
 And sees corn soon to be cut by sickle in vain. 
 Esurio ccena ubertim 
 
 He hungers while he places banquet abundantly in 
 hall, 
 
 ipse porngo 
 
 He himself thirsts while he holds forth cups to lord. 
 Arctous melius dedisset 
 
 In Northern cold Fortune had better given 
 tegmen pi. gelu arvum 
 
 A shelter where stiff frost contracts fields ; 
 Or wandering houses and uncultivated kingdoms of 
 Numidse, 
 
 vestio effetus 
 Where herb denies to clothe exhausted soil; 
 
 dego tremulus 
 Than to pass trembling hours under front of tyrant, 
 
 trado pi. 
 Than to give up neck to unjust yoke of lord.
 
 49 
 
 EXERCISE LXVII. 
 
 Silva vetus nulla violata securi. 
 
 Country Retirement. 
 
 Eripio moderator 
 
 Snatch me from crowd, rider of great Olympus, 
 
 coma 
 May'st thou give recesses of caverns, and foliage 
 
 of groves. 
 Snatch me from crowd, unless Fates resist my prayers, 
 
 Eheu insidiatus 
 Fate?, alas, conspiring against my vows. 
 
 advenio aureolus 
 
 May'st tftou approach, O Light, golden and dear to me 
 praying, 
 
 almus 
 
 May'st thou approach, auspicious day, more full 
 than wealth ; 
 
 dat. case 
 
 When it may be allowed to me removed afar from 
 clamorous city r 
 
 lacero 
 And from cares which are accustomed to rend 
 
 breast, 
 capto 
 To inhale Zephyrs in v,-oods and pleasing coolnes?, 
 
 adeo 
 
 And to approach again places known [to me] a boy. 
 Hail to us again, ye happy recesses, 
 
 D
 
 50 
 
 quondam 
 And thou, rustic crowd, once beloved by me. 
 
 require Phaeaces 
 
 I do not seek fruits and gardens of Phteacians, 
 And cups of king Alcinoiis mixed with wine; 
 factus infectus 
 
 I do not desire talents of wrought and unwrought gold, 
 
 languidior cadus 
 
 Or purer and more mellow wine in casks ; 
 
 prodeo 
 Not that I should come forth from sublime threshold 
 
 pictus 
 with embroidered 
 
 mei 
 
 Garments adorned, and conspicuous to my friends; 
 Not weights of Croesus, accompanied by grief of 
 
 Croesus. 
 I do not desire thy form, beauteous Adonis: 
 
 saxum circumlitus 
 
 But I seek woods and rocks tufted with moss, 
 And sweet choirs of Dryads and Pierides. 
 
 et 
 
 The Muse seeks plains ; country is worthy even of 
 Apollo; 
 
 pastor ago 
 
 Apollo himself a herdsman once tended oxen. 
 
 igitur 
 
 Shall it then grieve a mortal to have cultivated plains, 
 Or to v?e*ve flowery chaplets with skilful hand ?
 
 51 
 
 EXERCISE LXVHI. 
 
 eaB' ourof xavzoiyros, of avris Travra VOT*J. 
 
 macero tabens pi. 
 This hour consumes pining marroiu with cares, 
 
 decus ab. c. versicolor 
 
 The next brings honour on plume of changing colour . 
 
 qui duco nihili n. pi. 
 
 Hence he who is wise sets at nought mortal things 
 equally, 
 
 cum lacrymula 
 And vain joys with vain tears. 
 
 nil opus subj. pr. quis ago 
 
 There is no need o/'envy if we see any one passing 
 
 deliciae 
 
 Life in delights which you may think chief blessings, 
 huic latebrae frondeo 
 
 For him alone sweet bowers appear to bear leaves, 
 
 pampinus 
 For him alone vine [appears] to blush in a thou- 
 
 jugum 
 sand hills, 
 
 secundi di fortuno 
 
 Propitious gods [appear] to make top-ospcr a thousand 
 pleasures. 
 
 gaudeo quk gula 
 
 May he rejoice ; and may he go where base appetite 
 leads. 
 
 D2
 
 pellacia subdolus 
 
 But the charm of the placid sea smiles deceitful, 
 
 liyems diruo 
 And sharp storm shall destroy golden hopes. 
 
 nil stultus 
 
 It profits nought, foolish man, to renew bright 
 
 dances repono 
 
 That wearied mind may lay down weight of cares, 
 chlamys Sarranus murex 
 
 Mantles dyed in Tyrian purple avail not, 
 
 quae quisque 
 
 Nor those things besides which each person desires 
 to possess. in 
 
 And thou in vain dost raise spacious palaces to a 
 alt am 
 height, 
 
 Care climbs where the master [is], and sits com- 
 panion. 
 Quid si 
 What tho' we possess a thousand fields, and thousand 
 
 herbs ? 
 
 If thousand flocks give fleeces to shearer ? 
 horae momento levis a?tas defloreo 
 In a moment tins frail life hath been nipped of its flowers, 
 
 magis rideo totus 
 
 "And way which is most inviting is all slippery. 
 
 * Connect the words " And and which."
 
 53 
 
 EXERCISE LXIX. 
 The Hours. 
 
 do apertus aether gr. ace. 
 
 Twice six nymphs throw open the sky to horses of the 
 sun, 
 
 sertum floreus 
 Festoons of flowers connect their rosy hands. 
 
 chorea 
 They are called Horse They weave dances in quick 
 
 orbis 
 rotation, 
 
 quisque subdolus perago vicis 
 
 And each deceitful performs her own turn. 
 
 ludens 
 Each in sport promises something of grateful 
 
 precans 
 to him icho prays; 
 
 meminisse 
 
 In sport she denies that she remembers [her] 
 promise. 
 
 callis 
 
 Laughing Hour often covers with roses way of 
 nefandus 
 11 icked man, 
 
 aspero tribulus via 
 
 Hour often roughens with brambles path of the good. 
 
 porrigo nectareus calix ille 
 
 While [she] offers the nedared cup of life to the one, 
 D3
 
 54 
 
 levis pocula hie 
 
 Capricious she makes the cups for the other bitter 
 
 absynthi 
 with wormwood. 
 
 educo adauctus novus 
 
 Hour trains up and nourishes with increase the tender 
 foetus, pi. 
 
 young', 
 
 iterum florens 
 
 Again, when it pleases, she hides them flourishing 
 in ground. 
 
 ubi abeo 
 
 Hour comes but where is she ? She is gone and 
 
 folio 
 hath escaped embrace. 
 
 do 
 One voice ulter'd " Hail" and the same [voice 
 
 utter'd] " Farewell." 
 
 praetereo prseverto fut. dus. voJafjs 
 
 She is gone 6y, alas ! not to be overtaken by flight of 
 
 eagle, 
 
 revoco fut. dus. 
 Not to be recalled by vows, not by prayer of men. 
 
 addico praet. sub. bona orum. n. pi. 
 
 But whoever hath devoted tender years to good [pursvits] 
 
 hie contingit corripio 
 
 To him it hath befallen to have cauglt the Hour by 
 the hand.
 
 55 
 EXERCISE LXX. 
 
 I^notus monies agrcsqae salutat. Ov. 
 
 Navigation. 
 
 fortes flecto 
 
 Brave men who steered first keel thro' waters, 
 
 fretum 
 Nor feared wind? nor swelling sea, 
 
 gr. ace. profundum 
 
 Saw sad Hyades, and monsters of the deep, 
 
 dira 
 *And dire things, which waters threaten to wretched 
 
 man 
 Ast 
 But hence riches hence merchant rushes to Indi ; 
 
 Serious fundo capio 
 
 What Seric land hath poured forth, ours receives. 
 Brave sailor cuts journey thro' distant waves, 
 
 sinus 
 And sees rocks, and sea, with unmoved bosom. 
 
 sidus tutor 
 Certainly some friendly constellation protects sailors, 
 
 numen tego 
 Certainly the Deity protects the bold with love. 
 
 arnica lemter e 
 
 Sighs of a mistress breathe gently from their country. 
 
 * Connect the words " And and ichich" 
 p 4
 
 56 
 
 benignus 
 
 Kind vows draw them to their country, 
 
 gazae 
 Hence vast Columbia gives riches to [him] seeking her, 
 
 consitus pomus vigeo 
 
 Hence planted fruit-tree of foreign field grmcs. 
 Anglicus iter 
 
 English sailor urges course thro' long waves, 
 
 uterque 
 
 And rejoicing visits either house of the Sun. 
 He forsakes tender wife, and faithful relations, 
 
 proprius 
 But hopes at length to have his own Lares. 
 
 iniquus 
 And being agitated by rude winds he demands rest 
 
 ainms 
 
 On grass, which Thamesis laves with silent stream. 
 Exustus frlgida Tempe 
 
 Scorched by suns he hopes to himself some cold Tempe, 
 
 foveo 
 
 And places where flower-bearing Zephyr refreshes 
 fields.
 
 57 
 EXERCISE LXXI. 
 
 Freedom to the Hellad. 
 
 solutus 
 Hellas* revives, and unbound from old lethargy, 
 
 recolo qualis 
 
 Now recalls in mindful breast what she was ; 
 alloquor 
 
 And addresses her own offspring ; " High-born race, 
 quondam decus oleum 
 
 " Once flower of the Gymnasium, and glory of the oil; 
 
 age discutio 
 " Arise, haste shake off torpid slumbers from body, 
 
 insolitus 
 " Restore unaccustomed hand to the sword and lyre. 
 
 etiamnum recido 
 " Shall barbarous Turk even to this day reap these 
 
 seges 
 
 corn- lands? 
 
 " Shall barbarian press these vines, honeys, and. 
 olea 
 olivet ?" 
 
 * The name of Greece, though of Roman origin, and imper- 
 fectly acknowledged eren at Rome, has superseded, in modern 
 ears, the true appellation of the country. Hellas is here the 
 tutelar genius of that sacred land of learning and of liberty . 
 
 D 5
 
 pi. vel arcesso pulcher 
 
 " Learn either to court death, or honourable life, 
 
 vinclum refictus 
 " And let chains re-forged arm hands of heroes; 
 
 reddo terra 
 
 " And may a race return worthy of rr,e, [their] 
 mother, 
 
 nurus 
 " And may [my] men be brave, and my daughters 
 
 lamficus 
 be industrious. 
 pi. pello 
 
 " Arise vile complaint expels not enemies, 
 
 petendus 
 
 " Liberty comes to be sought for by the sv.'ord 
 alone." 
 
 pi. u. ast 
 
 Nor [spoke she] more : but [her] voice breathes into 
 minds love of battle, 
 
 * Classicus horror adeo pi. n. 
 
 The trumpet dread approaches both Tcenarus and 
 
 Delphi. 
 
 * Classis, Kauris, the call, in a military sense, or blast, sum- 
 moiling soldiers to fall into their ranks. Classicus, K^tinxaf, per- 
 taining to that call or blast, hence the word falls into the nume- 
 rous family of adjectives, become substantives by elleipsis. 
 Classicum sc. signum., the signal for falling into the ranks. 
 Curia, sc. aula, Kv^iaau^n, the House of Lords, the Senate, iu 
 centra-distinction to the lyxXfjmas, or assembly of the people. 
 Regia, sc. domus, a royal house, in more modern "language, a 
 palace, &c. &c.
 
 , resulto 
 
 But both cities and forests resound with hoarse 
 fremitus piibes 
 murmur of youth, 
 
 n. pi. amictus gelidus 
 And places cloth'd with cold snows and with roses. 
 
 decorus pret. tense 
 
 And no\v labour and graceful dust of war delights 
 
 inhonestus gelu 
 
 Whom inglorious peace held in a long frost. 
 
 avitus 
 May ye conquer, Greeks, and inhabit ancestral seats, 
 
 Mars 
 Nor may ye disgrace ancient sires in war. 
 
 calix coronatus 
 
 And may goblets be brimmed by cultivators of grape, 
 And may friendly Ceres enrich her own cultivator: 
 
 subiens forte 
 
 And may some one, entering by chance retreats of, 
 Muses, 
 
 vertice 
 Rear from above aerial lyres as before. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXII. 
 ova iXsyov, Ilgo&xw, 
 
 Decay of Beauty. 
 
 sedulus 
 Lydia, how often have I warned thee ! soon courteous 
 
 youth r j
 
 60 
 
 annosus 
 
 Will cease to solicit thee aged with prayer, 
 capillus albesco 
 
 The lock grows white suddenly which you curl [on] 
 
 forehead, 
 And wrinkle hastens to hold place of rose. 
 
 speculum 
 Alas me, thou in vain, my Lydia, demandest mirror, 
 
 Venus often invoked by prayers flies deaf. 
 - indicus repono 
 
 Indian gem shall not replace sparkling eyes, 
 
 penere 
 
 Art shall not restore roses, which have perished ; 
 Alas, flowers perish being conquered [by] wintry cold, 
 
 decus 
 
 And fields have laid down purple pride. 
 So mortal race, so grace of form passes by, 
 
 sobolea 
 So offspring of men subdued by death falls. 
 
 trudo 
 In new spring, flowers put forth fragrant buds, 
 
 novatus 
 And field renewed by spring smiles again. 
 
 'ad 
 
 No spring recalls a mortal to thresholds of life, 
 Alas, iron sleep holds bones of men. 
 
 irremeabilis 
 
 The shore from which there is no return remains to be 
 trodden by us.
 
 61 
 
 Fates call Fates to be moved by no prayer. 
 
 nugasque mania 
 
 Death hastens, driving away loth trifles, and vanities 
 
 of life; 
 
 Death hastens rich man and poor man await 
 death. 
 
 cethera gr. ace. 
 But soul dies not but being carried thro" lofty aether 
 
 affecto 
 Attempts Heavens, and seeks better things. 
 
 adstruo 
 
 Therefore add joyful hopes of Heavens to life ; 
 Nor fear fate when sad hour comes. 
 
 omnis 
 
 I shall not entirely die, the good man says Another 
 life 
 
 adsum 
 
 Awaits me and Death comes as a friend to my soul. 
 Ilia 
 She opens to us confines of bright world, 
 
 sacratus 
 
 She opens sacred kingdoms of great God. 
 Dat profuga diruo 
 
 She gives country to the fugitives and dtmotuhet 
 
 black walls, 
 
 compes 
 
 And eases limbs, tired with iron fetter.
 
 62 
 EXERCISE LXXIII. 
 
 The Infant Moses preserved from the Waters. 
 
 PART FIRST. 
 
 The royal virgin, accompanied by a virgin train, 
 fut. rus. Notas Niliacus 
 
 Goes forth now to enjoy breezes of the Nile; 
 
 fusus 
 And spread over flowers which the soft meadows 
 
 fero 
 produced, 
 
 graci.is 
 A part draws golden threads with fine needle, 
 
 noto 
 One marks the boats which distance hardly 
 
 profero 
 makes visible, 
 
 pi. ratis 
 
 Another [marks] dark canvass of receding ship, 
 trans volumen pi. 
 
 Another applies her ears across the broad tide, 
 
 capto 
 catching 
 
 e ulterior 
 
 Various sounds from the opposite bank; 
 
 verber 
 Daughters of Egypt, groans of Juda under the lash
 
 63 
 
 qfieis 
 And songs and voices by which man designates 
 
 opus 
 employment. 
 
 studium lego 
 
 Freshness of the lotus, and desire of gathering [it] 
 urgeo hie 
 impels another 
 
 corpus, pi. ace. vel ad 
 To be covered as to her person even up to her middle 
 
 sjide with dew : 
 hie allicio turgeo 
 
 Another allures swans smelling with snowy breast; 
 Another is allured by the glass of the hardly 
 
 fluito 
 flwcinij water ; 
 
 quatio sistrum hie 
 
 Another strikes the timbrel, and while on this side they 
 
 luditur illic 
 
 arc thus sporting, or on that side, 
 
 erlitus concito 
 
 One voice raised calls together all the band : 
 Ecce respicio 
 
 " Lo! for thee an infant but behold, O Virgin, 
 
 qualis 
 
 what an infant, 
 quicquid id certe 
 Whatever it is, surely either parent [is] a Deity.
 
 64 
 
 exortus 
 " I should have believed him sprung from the moon 
 
 qua 
 whence the *Nile also himself [is sprung,] 
 
 invectus 
 " And carried hither by his brother, and laid in the 
 
 vadum 
 shallows. 
 
 fero dius venustas 
 
 " Thus the vigour of limbs denotes, thus divine beauty, 
 
 apex coruscus 
 
 " Thus his head glittering with purple light de- 
 notes ; 
 
 scilicet susceptus ulna 
 
 " Namely, that taken up in pure arms, O Virgin. 
 
 vis 
 
 He may increase in poiver and number the Gods cf 
 Egypt." 
 
 EXERCISE LXXIV. 
 
 The Infant Moses preserved from the Waters. 
 
 PART SECOND. 
 
 convenio caret-turn 
 
 They meet together, and see the boy pressing the sedges, 
 
 * The Nile himself The Nile was supposed to have his 
 source in the Lunse monies, and hence, as a deity, might be 
 considered a son of the moon.
 
 65 
 
 huic junceus tutus 
 
 His bed is of rushes, but secured by pitch from the 
 
 waters ; 
 
 [His] forehead, and wide shoulders, breast ample for 
 [his] lungs, 
 
 decor insuetus 
 And limbs, and form and beauty of his unusual hand ; 
 
 coma. pi. 
 And blush diffused with angelic light, and hair, 
 
 lambo inoffensus 
 
 And flame seen to play over his unhurt head; 
 fides genus 
 
 These signs give confidence that he is a scion of the 
 Gods ; 
 
 Sive aliter 
 Or, if not a scion, at least that [his] fates touch 
 
 the Gods. 
 
 animosu.s arrideo 
 Full of spirit he smiled in ansioer to the lips of [them] 
 
 at haereo 
 
 smiling ; but hesitating, 
 v.-.gitus fero 
 
 With a cry refuses to admit strange arms. 
 
 invigilo 
 
 Meiria says [this] sister was watching over her be- 
 loved brother, domina 
 And had often followed the steps of her mistress 
 
 serva 
 as a servant,
 
 66 
 
 appello de 
 
 " What if we call one o/the mothers of Juda ?" 
 
 res placet 
 
 The proposal is accepted, and Meiria has the grate- 
 
 munus 
 ful task ; 
 
 quaesitus cuncta. pi. n. 
 
 Nor long sought for (for she was noting the ivhole from 
 
 latebrae 
 a hiding place), 
 
 obvius 
 
 One of the mothers of Juda comes forward, 
 To whom the royal Virgin intrusts the boy 
 
 alendus 
 
 to be brought up, 
 ait 
 And says, " Accept this gift of our love, 
 
 quodque sedulus olim impendo 
 
 " And whatever of care an anxious mother once bestowed 
 on thee, 
 
 Tu rependo par famula 
 
 " Do thou repay the like [care], a faithful attendant 
 to this boy. 
 
 infringe vis 
 
 " Nor let want weaken the force of his mind nor of 
 his limbs, 
 
 sino. opt. species 
 
 " Nor permit rags to disgrace his beauty ;
 
 67 
 
 Ipse paro, pi. vestis, pi. 
 
 " / myself will supply food for him, raiment, and 
 cunctus 
 all things, 
 
 tectus - 
 " And cottage protected from dews and 
 
 flumen 
 inundations. 
 
 utinam grandesco 
 
 " And / hope this boy may grow up, and be called 
 Moses, 
 
 redemptus 
 
 " Namely, as saved from the waters by happy lot. 
 
 dims, n. pL 
 
 " And may it be mine among so many horrors and 
 strages tuus, pi. 
 havoc of thy people, 
 
 caput abl. abs. 
 
 " To cherish this one life, heaven being a witness." 
 
 n. pi. 
 Nor [said she] more but the woman takes up 
 
 sitiens ulna 
 
 him thirsting in her arms, 
 
 Who seeks with mouth the fountain of a known 
 breast. 
 
 electus 
 So God preserves his chosen so under name of 
 
 alumnus 
 foster child,
 
 68 
 
 ipse coelitus 
 
 The real parent by will of heaven nourished 
 
 proprius 
 her own offspring. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXV. 
 
 Hasar in the Wilderness. 
 
 fessus via medius 
 
 The way-worn mother sinks in mid wilderness, 
 
 tristis unus limes 
 
 Where it lies dreary and the same without boundary. 
 pera imperf. carens cantharus haustus 
 
 [Her] scrip hung empty of food, [her] bottle of drink, 
 And in vain with voice she seeks human aid. 
 
 scatebra ibi admurmuro 
 
 Fountain bursting with bubblings there murmurs not to 
 the ear. 
 
 aridus 
 Nor parched ground presents fruit to lips ; 
 
 depono Ismales rarus 
 She lays down hmael in the scanty shade of a shrub, 
 
 deficiens 
 And faint of mind said, " Beloved, farewell ;" 
 
 consanguineua occupo 
 
 " And may sleep, kinsman of death, wrap [thy] limbs
 
 69 
 
 " Until the *sister herself brings eternal rest. 
 
 parco lumen juvat 
 
 " But I will refrain my eyes, it will be better to be 
 afar off, dat. 
 
 torqueo tu os. pi. 
 " Lest a last pang may distort thy face" 
 
 ait . actus 
 
 Thus she says, and as much of space as a discharged 
 
 volo 
 arrow mayfly, 
 
 moribundus fero 
 
 So far from the boy the dying [mother] betakes 
 her steps. 
 
 emitter e 
 
 When a sadden voice is sent forth from heaven 
 
 potent, 
 repr^ndo 
 " Raise again, 
 
 ulna 
 " Anxious mother, the sweet burthen in thine arms. 
 
 qua lapsus 
 
 " Hearest thou not where the gliding of water promises 
 amoenus 
 refreshing 
 
 * Death, The sister of sleep the separation of soul from 
 body, and both from the world ; an expressive word formed from 
 the Greek, by eliding the latter o; thus, Mpe;, Mfr, Mors. 
 ri.- rt,-. gens. MSM,-, M-;, Mens, a strong permanent natural 
 bias, or disposition
 
 70 
 
 arena exuo 
 
 " Dews to thee parched 1 put off fears from heart: 
 
 fingo ademptus 
 
 " For the boy whom thou imayincst taken away will 
 live, believe me, 
 
 suis 
 
 " He will live, and with his family, will in time 
 be great ; 
 
 immitto 
 " Nor ivill he commit seeds to earth, nor sickle to the 
 
 arista 
 
 ear of corn, 
 at 
 
 " But shall feed wandering flock where herbage 
 vireo 
 
 is verdant, 
 
 jaculator 
 
 " And shall reign threatening dartsman of wild 
 eremus 
 desert, 
 
 tegmen. pi. colo 
 
 " And despising shelter of a house shall inhahii 
 
 castra 
 the camp,"
 
 71 
 EXERCISE LXXVI. 
 
 Martecadunt. 
 
 Q;iis novus hie Borealis 
 
 What stranger dares to visit Northern lands ? 
 
 impiger rabies fretum 
 
 Whom does restless rage hear over our seas ? 
 
 Britanni-orum 
 Dire fleet meditates slavery to Britons; 
 
 Caesar victorious comes from distant world. 
 
 delibo 
 Nation joyful in triumphs begins bloody work, 
 
 Intoxicated with past [trophies] it seeks our 
 
 trophies. 
 O Gallia, thou weeping hast seen funerals of thy sons, 
 
 All things lie conquered by Roman soldier. 
 Eloquence was not a protection to bright Athens, 
 
 Helicomacus 
 
 Land renowned for Heliconian verse falls. 
 Arts, riches, decorate capitols of the world, 
 
 While thou, O Greece, mournest heavily trophies 
 
 taken. 
 Now Germdnia better in war rushes to the fight ; 
 
 tamen audax 
 But brave men and bright deeds avail nothing.
 
 72 
 
 Cantaber 
 
 Lo, at last Spaniard bravest yields to arms, 
 And late chains bind unworthy feet 
 
 cacumen 
 
 And frozen mountain tops profit nothing to Helvetia, 
 And mountainous citadels and cohort firm in Mars : 
 
 efferus 
 
 Nor [is] farce offspring a protection to you, ye 
 Britons ! 
 
 exiguus 
 Or hardy Poverty, or small Lares. 
 
 quid in im- 
 
 But ivhy, O Roman, dost thou hasten against unde- 
 meritus 
 serving bands, 
 queis 
 For whom wave always rages [in] stormy sea ? 
 
 pomum 
 Seek other tracts of the world, where fruits blush 
 
 And softer air cherishes sweet roses ; 
 Where heavy weight of silver shines, and sparkling 
 concha 
 
 Shl'H: 
 
 Erythraeus duo> 
 
 Taken [from] Erythraean shore invites bosom.
 
 73 
 
 EXERCISE LXXVII. 
 Trees. 
 
 an 
 
 * I entered a grove : whether truly, or [in] the 
 image of sleep, 
 
 memoro minim 
 
 Who can tell ? Camoena, recount the wonders of the 
 place. 
 
 ita teraperies confundo 
 
 For so a temperature of Heaven had mingled all 
 things, 
 
 velut proprius 
 
 Each tree flourished as in its own ground, 
 aedifico ornus dominatus 
 The building oak, ash ruler on the mountains, 
 sustineo pampineus 
 
 And the elm which props riches of the vine. 
 
 harmonia 
 Box : [tree fit] for sound, pine fit for storms of the 
 
 sea, 
 Cypress which makes [one] remember the tomb. 
 
 * For this subject refer to the famous lines of Chaucer, 
 " The bilder oke, aud eke the hardie ashe," 
 
 and Spencers imitation : Faerie Queene, Canto I., stanzas 
 S and 9.
 
 jaculatrix telum 
 Yew shooter of missiles, the drunken vine, 
 
 triumphans 
 
 Palm [companion] of the triumphant, olive com- 
 panion of peace. 
 
 gero 
 
 Willow worn by the wretched, myrtle by the happy 
 lover, 
 
 Phoabigena 
 And laurel* bitten as before by men born of Phoebus. 
 
 effnndo 
 
 Vile maple, fir shedding from bark foul 
 lacrymula focus 
 
 Tears, myrrh consecrated at altars [shedding forth] 
 
 soft [tears] ; 
 
 Plane [fit] for the drinker, cedar fit for the black 
 feretrum 
 cqffinjr 
 
 uber 
 Beech loving a deep glebe, white poplar [loving] the 
 
 Padus. 
 
 Thou, O turpentine, preserving by [thy] pitch 
 marinus 
 sea cables, 
 
 * Laurel bitten, &c. From the Greek lafvufayat, " eater of 
 bay-leaf." The; leaf sacred to the sons and to the God of 
 Verse. 
 
 t Cedar fit for the black coffin. The cedar was considered as 
 an antiseptic, and hence chosen for this purpose. See the *iJg* 
 r'-^varftATa Alcestis.
 
 75 
 
 esculus 
 
 And thou, mast- tree, grateful to man,- but 'in these 
 nunc 
 
 days to the swine. 
 Grace of the chestnut, and full honours of the walnut, 
 
 falsus imitatus coma 
 
 And fruitless* fig-tree imitating leaves of the true. 
 
 copia 
 
 And plenty of odours free, as flowers of Paradise, 
 And moss forming a bed on margin of water ; 
 umbraculum 
 And shades of the wood sounded with concert of birds, 
 
 gelidus refero 
 And the cool air re-echoed the not ungrateful melody. 
 
 compono me moveo dulcedo 
 
 Here / sat down affected by varied charm, 
 
 orior discutio laetus, p. pi. 
 
 O risen day, why dost thou shake off" these joys from 
 the mind. 
 
 The sycamore, the vain, foolish, fruitless, fig-tree (if this 
 be the right derivation), alluding to the similitude of its leaves 
 to the real fig; as ignis fatuus is the vain, false, foolish, and 
 imitative fire. 
 
 E 2
 
 76 
 
 EXERCISE LXXVIII. 
 
 Exspirat modo quas acceperat auras. 
 
 florens dulcia. n. pi. 
 
 I will scatter flowers to the blooming, and sweets to the 
 sweet, 
 
 qua opaco 
 
 Where yew-tree darkens ground filled [with] graves. 
 Here corpse and cares of tender infant repose ', 
 
 miseratus fero expers 
 Whom Death pitying hath taken while void of evil. 
 
 * sacrum pi. 
 
 1 know not what of sacredness fills silent twilight, 
 A more sorrowful air mourns with solemn murmur. 
 
 ritd 
 Here mindful of fate let us sit duly under shade, 
 
 flebilis moneo 
 
 Mournful shade itself suggests pious tears. 
 
 direptus citius 
 
 O infant, snatched away too soon from wretched parent, 
 And thou who mournest sad funerals of offspring; 
 
 saltern fungor 
 Accept ye these tears [I] will at least discharge this 
 
 empty 
 munus 
 Duty ; although words may fUny, not about to avail. 
 
 * Adjectives are sometimes used in the neuter gender for 
 substantives. This usage, when not too frequent, is an elegance.
 
 77 
 
 tardus 
 Happy, who has fled the thousand ills of lingering age, 
 
 exequiae 
 And threshold of death harder than burial ; 
 
 libo 
 Who lived only that he might sip joys of life, 
 
 suavis n. pi. tempus 
 As bee sips sweets in vernal season. 
 velut halitus 
 As the blast of Eurus in Spring cuts renascent 
 
 inopinus 
 Flowers, unexpected death snatches Damoetas. 
 
 dignosco risus 
 
 But now he began to distinguish maternal smiles, 
 
 refero 
 And beauteous face began to resemble father; 
 
 imperf. vinculum 
 And now tongue was breaking cJiains with first motion, 
 
 dimidiatus 
 
 And words half uttered poured melody. 
 
 invigilo 
 In vain care of pious mother ivatched over [him] 
 
 beloved ; 
 
 Abreptus caecus 
 
 Torn hence he inhabits dark places, 
 tamen ilia volutans 
 
 But she anxious cherishes tomb, revolving in heart 
 
 adiens 
 
 Sad tilings, now approaching God with trembling 
 voice ; E 3
 
 78 
 
 ut labes ve piabilis minimum 
 
 That day without stain, or error atonable by a little 
 
 prosum 
 
 May avail to conciliate angelic choirs. 
 at pi- dat 
 
 But fthou, O] God, pour solace into mother's heart ; 
 
 flosculus efficio 
 
 And thou, darling of infants, make thy way to 
 astrum 
 stars. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXIX. 
 
 Non bene coelestes impia dextra colit. 
 
 cautes 
 
 As a rock remains unmoved, and derides storm, 
 cieo proelium 
 
 While wind and wave stir up battles around, 
 ilia sum suffultus 
 It is supported [by] gigantic weight, and among 
 
 Nimbus 
 
 Storms, seeks bright stars with its own top : 
 firmatus bonum eestus ' 
 
 So mind, confirmed by virtues, casts back tempests of life, 
 
 Thus it smiles, when winter of fate threatens. 
 Not shades of lofty groves, not darkness by night,
 
 79 
 
 Not places which many an image of death seeks, 
 Dreams, magic terrors, and ghosts [from] sepulchres 
 
 elicitus maga 
 
 Drawn out, which dire sorceress calls to light ; 
 These things, although they be dire, do not disturb 
 breast of just man; 
 
 in 
 To him day always shines purer in orb. 
 
 praedulcis n. pi. 
 
 Let banquets be sad to others, let luscious things turn 
 acesco 
 sour ; 
 To him it is luxury to have satiated hunger. 
 
 torus 
 
 To him straw is a couch, small cottage [is] great 
 Penates, 
 
 aro abl. absol. 
 
 He happy tills field heaven being witness. 
 
 insomnia malus 
 
 But what dire dreams terrify bad man ! [in] counte- 
 nance 
 
 qui qualis os 
 
 What paleness ! what rndcies, and fear in face! 
 
 huic 
 
 Let Fortune smile favouring to him let her give gifts 
 with right hand, 
 
 quaeque inhians 
 
 Money, and things which gaping crowd thinks 
 petendus 
 desirable : x 4
 
 80 
 
 gazae 
 Fortune avails nothing, money, feasts, Bacchus, 
 
 vello 
 All things are not able to pluck fears from heart. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXX. 
 
 posco prorogo 
 
 Every one prays God that he may defer fated hour, 
 
 licet differo 
 
 Although that hour puts off fears of life. 
 Who fears not darts of Death, and black quiver, 
 
 a 
 When it sounds from his back and sad eye-brow ? 
 
 neut. pi. 
 To leave vital airs, and to approach profunda, 
 
 cognitus. neut. pi. 
 To exchange the known for unknown, day for 
 
 night ; 
 
 duco gelidus 
 
 To sleep an iron sleep under ice-cold marble 
 reddo dapes 
 
 To yield limbs an unworthy repast to worms, 
 depono pi. dulcis 
 
 To lay aside motion, and dear habits of life
 
 81 
 
 mers 
 To become a neglected weight, and sluggish soil 
 
 compes agor cum 
 Bound icith fetter to be driven with blind whirlwind, 
 
 seger 
 
 and in sufferance 
 efflor pendulus 
 
 To be blmvn about pendent kingdoms of pole 
 
 praebeo vel 
 
 And to give up subtile soul to flames, or to fields 
 
 stringo 
 
 Which ice always liardens, and sharp frost 
 
 depingo 
 Or to suffer worse things than mind can paint t 
 
 subeo vultus jus. pi. 
 
 To endure both the look and tribunal of a just God ; 
 facio tumultus 
 
 These things cause that life and life's turmoil 
 please, 
 
 traho 
 That to drag feet wandering and without 
 
 sedes 
 
 resting-place ; 
 
 Impia vis phi. rex fastidium. pi. 
 
 Wrong and delays of law, proud man's contumely, 
 
 qualiaque probus 
 
 And such things as good man bears from the bad, and 
 queror 
 groans ; 
 
 E 5
 
 82 
 
 quod laesus 
 
 That faithless companion, heavy anguish of slighted 
 love, 
 
 subj. potior 
 That [evils] seen are preferable to hidden evils. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXI. 
 
 Partus niarte triumphus eat. 
 
 % 
 femina suppositus 
 
 Lady-, may Germany send false hair, 
 
 alabastrum 
 
 And may Arabians [send] to thee boxes full of 
 nardum 
 essence ; 
 
 candor 
 May lilies give to thee fairness, the false rose a blush, 
 
 artifex paro aureus. 
 
 And ministers of luxury provide all precious things ; 
 
 exorno tibi mitra 
 
 May ring adorn thy fingers, [and] turban [thy] hair, 
 
 textilis veneres 
 
 'May woven air* give graces to thy form ; 
 
 * Woven air ventus textilis, vitrea vestis, &c. Hyperboles 
 denoting and satyrizing the finest produce of Asiatic looms. Sff 
 Gibbon.
 
 83 
 
 And may [thine] eyes move by tears, or feigned smiie ; 
 
 commodus chorea 
 And may [thy] limbs be fitted to the dance, thy 
 
 jocus 
 tongue to trifles ; 
 
 praemium. pi. puellaris cretus 
 Do thou seek the prize among female choirs, 
 
 fut. in dus genius 
 
 And many things not to be rejected by thy inclination. 
 
 mulier . 
 
 May such things, Lady, [\ r enus herself approves] 
 be a care to thee. 
 
 ait frivolus. neut. at 
 
 Mayst thou handle, she says, trifles of peace ; but 
 may men [handle] arms. 
 
 mitto tenerasco inanis cultus 
 
 Therefore forbear, O boy, to indulge in empty dress, 
 
 mitto 
 And indignant cease to follow sweet poisons. 
 
 potius 
 May the Muse rather please thee, thee the grace of 
 
 lingua 
 language ; 
 
 praesto pi. liber 
 
 And to present [thy] heart to be sown by treatises 
 
 sophus 
 of the wise : 
 
 bellator equus cordi 
 
 Or let the charger, if eloquence [be] not to thy heart, 
 
 6
 
 84 
 
 eat sequatus 
 
 Prance, taught to run with measured paces. 
 Or may youth obey country calling [him] to fierce 
 
 wars, 
 And let him conquer in first ranks, or fall. 
 
 ille cicatrix Mars 
 
 Let him seek scars, and triumphs of war, 
 
 Franci 
 
 Nor may boy born to arms fear the French. 
 Let him forsake embraces of mother, and of tender 
 maid, 
 
 magis magisque 
 
 Who cherishes him absent mare and more in her 
 heart. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXII. 
 
 OiffTeov a/K,Eivov xacl Xoyjorsov. 
 
 All nature labours. 
 
 spica 
 Labouring ant draws ear of corn with small mouth, 
 
 porto 
 
 Lest cold winter may bring hunger with itself. 
 Agmen 
 Nation of bees distend their cells with liquid nectar, 
 
 de quivis 
 And gather honeyed gifts from any flower.
 
 85 
 
 rapio arvum 
 
 Victorious horse scours fields bearing his own weights 
 on back, 
 
 subigo 
 And bull subdues fields with pressed ploughshare. 
 
 perago 
 
 Stars perform their own courses, and moon [her] 
 labours, 
 
 vices 
 
 Sun sets and returns [with] frequent successions. 
 To every thing is its own labour why dost thou refuse 
 perfero 
 to endure 
 
 quae 
 
 Things which lot hath given \o be tolerated with brave 
 sinus 
 heart 1 
 
 Aspernatus proprius 
 Despising your own you seek honour of another, 
 
 subeo 
 And perform daily tasks with reluctant hand. 
 
 munus 
 O mortal, ill contented with large munificence, 
 
 pario 
 
 Both of life, and [with] gifts which earth produces 
 for thee ; 
 
 in pejus 
 You consult always for the worse, leaving better things,
 
 86 
 
 ipse 
 
 And instead of soft rose, thou thyself collectest 
 brambles. 
 
 enatus 
 
 You dread spectres which are born from your own 
 brain, 
 
 proprius 
 
 And drag chains made by your own hand. 
 
 minuo 
 
 Alas ! we foolish despise that which lessens weights of 
 life, 
 
 nocitura 
 
 And we seek things about to hurt in wars, and [in] 
 the gown. 
 
 nullus 
 In the meanwhile age to be recalled by no person glides, 
 
 detero 
 While complaint impairs every good of life ; 
 
 ago 
 Time, confounding ages, impels scythe against us, 
 
 Every day bears arms emulous of time. 
 But while life remains, let us crop joys of life, 
 Nor let joyful youth bear cares of old age ; 
 
 implico 
 Nor let it shame youths to have woven slender dance ; 
 
 necto 
 Nor let it shame to connect words to light jokes.
 
 87 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXIII. 
 
 dixit dexlraque molarem 
 
 Sustulit, et magnum maguo conamine misit. 
 
 Adi and Galatea. 
 
 prospicio 
 There is a place where JEtna looks forward to immense 
 
 deep, 
 
 Where black fear reigns everywhere in rocks ; 
 There Acis was singing ingenuous loves to nymph, 
 
 pono 
 And nymph stores' the melody in mindful breast : 
 
 emicio 
 
 And flame of youth glistened in eyes of both, 
 And beloved boy both gives and receives vows. 
 
 pastoreus 
 When suddenly pastoral hisses filled mountains, 
 
 ant rum 
 The caves sound afar with songs of Cyclops. 
 
 mihi 
 " O my beautiful Galatea come O sweeter than 
 
 garden 
 
 Of Hesperides, leave, O damsel, waves of sea. 
 asperior tribulus 
 Ruder than brambles, prouder than peacock herself, 
 
 et 
 Deafer even 'than rocks, more cruel to me [than] 
 
 river ; 
 Whiter to me than new milk, more wanton than kid,
 
 88 
 
 et quivis 
 
 Come, nymph, taller even than any tree ; 
 I saw thee gathering flowers of hyacinth and apples 
 
 fragum 
 And SAveet strawberries which blush on highest 
 
 mountain 
 
 Wretched me that I love wretched [me] that you 
 despise love 
 
 vel adhuc 
 But even noiu love burns [with] first fires. 
 
 quod sors esse 
 
 Thou fliest me because fate has given that I should be 
 unoculus eheu ! 
 one-eyed, but alas! 
 
 vaco lux 
 
 That eye is deprived of accustomed light without thee. 
 
 nigresco 
 Because sad eye-brow blackens in my whole forehead, 
 
 tero pulchra 
 
 Thou fliest me / will wear this aivay, fair nymph, 
 
 with hard pumice. 
 Mossy fountains are to me, to me plenty of milk, 
 
 Nor lamb is ever wanting to my tables ; 
 Lo ! for thee both sucking wolves and twins of bear 
 I have found presents dear to thy hands ; 
 ex quo coma cultus 
 
 From the time that I saw thee, hair dressed ivith rakes 
 shines, 
 
 resectus 
 And my beard cut with sickle of mower falls.
 
 89 
 
 noto 
 
 Then first I often observed myself in mirror of river, 
 And wave of river cleanses hands twice in year. 
 
 confero 
 Scarcely bears could be able to compare themselves to 
 
 me [in] dance, 
 The owl scarcely to conquer with voice my strains. 
 
 sit 
 
 Besides, my breast hath learn'd what clemency is, 
 I have not broken bones of men [with] greedy teeth, 
 abl. absol. 
 
 Cyclops, Cyclops why, thee being left, does Galataea 
 
 Acin comp. solus 
 
 Love Acis, beautiful, love Acis alone. 
 He said but rising, he saw Galatea and Acis. 
 
 depasco jecur 
 
 Envious rage feeds on heart. 
 tonitralis 
 
 He looks forward thundering murmurs fill'd moun- 
 tains, 
 
 agito 
 Stones shaken [by] giant voice tremble. 
 
 in moles revulsus de 
 
 He hurls against boy crag torn from rock, 
 
 dolendus 
 
 O regretted boy, thou art overwhelmed by vast crag, 
 mirum proque 
 
 1 speak wonders the stone is rent and instead of 
 
 cruor 
 blood
 
 90 
 
 loquax irrigo 
 
 Behold praltliny wave waters flourishing soil. 
 As once of youths, thou now most beautiful of waters. 
 Act 
 Acts, purer than amber, seekest plains. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXIV. 
 
 Religion. 
 
 Slims immaturus 
 
 His mind, is never unprepared for storms, 
 
 medicandus 
 Who gives irksomeness of life to be cured by God 
 
 acumen 
 [He] fears not broils, nor subtleties of false tongue, 
 
 milito fictus 
 
 He wars not with arms of perfidious guile. 
 
 effugio 
 Sad griefs have fled away, God persuading, 
 
 fugo 
 Nor dreadful fear scares dreams by night. 
 
 telum 
 [He] fears not snares of night, nor darts of day, 
 
 praesto 
 Whom the hand itself of God keeps secure.
 
 91 
 
 He fears not angry countenance, nor words of tyrant : 
 He dreads not to approach mournful places of death, 
 huic 
 
 To him wars rage not Heaven hurls not thunders 
 For him hearts conscious of good raise a shield. 
 
 numen 
 "Venerate [thou] eternal God, who, with sacred power, 
 
 Alone protects infants and old men. 
 To him suppliant shalt thou afford gifts of upright life; 
 
 no to 
 Let the day pass polluted by no stain. 
 
 subrepo 
 Soon inactive age will creep on, and life being finished, 
 
 arripio 
 Borne to stars you shall gain houses of heaven. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXV. 
 
 lenio tumultus 
 If tears were able to mitigate turmoils of life, 
 
 lavo. 3. conj. 
 And i(,ush out germs of evil concealed in heart ;
 
 traduco 
 If they were able to consign the sick to gentle sleep, 
 
 operio tremulus latus 
 
 Or to cocer shivering body of the naked with a 
 garment ; 
 
 barathrum 
 Or to recall [from] black gulf dead companion, 
 
 ut favilla redderet 
 
 So that sprinkled ember restored the dear head ; 
 
 sedo 
 If they were able to still dangers of rapid sea, 
 
 flendo parceret 
 
 And storm, conquered by weeping, spared ship; 
 If poverty expelled by tears fled Penates, 
 
 aeger 
 And pining hunger ceased to debilitate ; 
 
 foret satius 
 To weep were better far, than to bear griefs, 
 
 adoleo focus 
 
 Or to burn gifts [on] votive altar to gods. 
 
 sane 
 
 Then indeed, ye Deities, give the grateful gift to 
 [our] prayers, 
 
 quoque modo 
 
 Nor may it shame me also to weep after the manner 
 of Niobe. 
 
 Indicus tellus sub. praes. tantum 
 Then neither can whole Indian land please me so much,
 
 Sire uterque forent 
 
 Or if both houses of the Sun were ours , 
 
 sub. pres. praecurro 
 
 Then neither can it avail to me so much to outrun 
 winds, 
 
 plur. 
 
 Face of Tithonus, and Herculean hands, 
 
 lympha de imus 
 
 As pious drop washing cares from inmost breast, 
 
 ex tendo flebilis 
 
 Which being poured from eyes takes tearful journey. 
 
 ad. neut. pi. vegetor obortus 
 
 I speak vain things ttedia are vivified by rising tears, 
 
 vigeo 
 
 As hemlock thrives [by] morning dew. 
 Grief has tears, as times of Spring flowers, 
 Sorrow will supply eternal waters. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXVI. 
 
 Adam and Eve over the body of Abel. 
 
 At lapsus 
 
 But we wept when lately a sparrow, fallen from a tree, 
 
 rigidus 
 Pressed the ground before our eyes with stark body ;
 
 94 
 
 scilicet ille 
 For indeed that bird, lately the guest of our house 
 
 dapis 
 and board^ 
 
 cieo 
 Used to call us with his voice to morning work. 
 
 adhuc volo 
 
 Nor knew we yet well what that ice imported, 
 
 Which subdues its merry movements and chirping 
 os. pi. 
 beak. 
 
 adeo feralis 
 
 Then a voice entered our minds with deadly dre id, 
 
 subditus 
 
 " I am Death earth produces things subject to 
 death. 
 
 praelibo 
 
 " Nor is it enough for me to have had a foretaste of a 
 pusillus 
 little bird, 
 assurgo 
 
 " / will rise higher, and will mow [down] you and 
 your equals." 
 
 torpeo 
 
 We were struck torpid. Nor yet cease we to weep the 
 tenellus 
 tender one,
 
 forsan 
 
 Which the altar of God, perhaps, might demand 
 from the flock. 
 
 quo 
 
 But death is more foul in countenance, by as muck as 
 he is more lovely, 
 
 quanto 
 And more cruel by how much he was more dear. 
 
 carens verbum pi. 
 Alas ! eyes [reft of] beams, and lips reft of utterance ; 
 
 infodiendus. 
 
 Alas ! limbs to be inearth'din dark places; 
 dat. pi. famulus dat. 
 
 What avails it to have lived pious and senants of 
 Jehovah ; 
 
 noster praecipio 
 
 Alas ! our own Abel, thou leadest the black way- 
 lego 
 Ah ! brothers, brothers, we trace in your contest 
 
 fasti discidium 
 
 The annals and the discord of the fraternal breast ; 
 
 quis ubi 
 
 For wliat will that river be, when it flows down 
 with swelling waves, 
 
 exeo de fontanus ferus 
 
 Which springs from its fountain earth so turbid !
 
 96 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXVII. 
 Rebecca at the Well. 
 
 corusco 
 It was the hour when the sun neither beams in mid 
 
 axis 
 heaven, 
 
 vespera reficio 
 
 Nor evening refreshes the soil with cold dew ; 
 
 v 
 dilectus Abramus 
 
 Then the servant beloved by Abraham conies to the 
 well, 
 
 moenia 
 And beholding the walls *, closes his journey with 
 
 a prayer. 
 
 Sisto conservus 
 " Halt, fellow servants, with me and, ye docile camels, 
 
 recubo 
 " Now recline on earth with bent knee ; 
 
 adsum exeo 
 
 "Thetime is arrived I see the damsels come out from 
 the walls, 
 
 reporto gelidus 
 
 " That each may carry home cold waters of the foun- 
 tain. 
 
 *The walls, i. e., of Nahor.
 
 9? 
 
 haud 
 " But since a wife not unworthy of such a husband 
 
 fuit legenda 
 
 " Ought to be chosen by the Deity, not by blind 
 chance, 
 
 qui lympha. pi. 
 
 ' She who shall give water to me, from fountain, and 
 she [who shall give it] to my camels, 
 
 sit lectns praecipio 
 
 " Let her be c/iosen. O God, set before [thy] servant 
 these signs.'' 
 
 stipatus 
 
 He said but before the other [girls] attended by a 
 beautiful band, 
 
 urceolus 
 One [maiden] more beautiful than all carries a pitcher, 
 
 impleo 
 
 And descending, filled it with water and to the ser- 
 vant asking, 
 
 Offero do dat. pro gen. 
 
 Offered it and made the mouths of the beasts 
 rigo. fut. dus. 
 to be refreshed. 
 
 perago 
 The messenger acknowledged the sign, and gave thanks, 
 
 minis 
 
 And exclaims, " Hail, daughter-in-law, chosen by 
 the Deity:"
 
 98 
 
 profero 
 
 And produces heavy bracelets, and necklaces for her 
 neck, 
 
 aptus 
 
 And gifts fitted to touch virgin bosom ; 
 And led her to her father, her father rejoices 
 
 laetus 
 in happy omen, 
 
 mensa. pi. 
 
 And receives the man to his board and to hospitality. 
 At simul almus fugo e 
 
 But soon as cheerful light had driven darkness from 
 
 heaven, 
 Rebecca, exulting in her heart, begins her way. 
 
 confiteor 
 
 And being veiled [by] pious custom, acknowledged 
 [her] dear husband, 
 
 in 
 And came to the cares and delights of a home. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXVIII. 
 
 Templa Palladia 
 
 Time is present again O boys, lay aside trifles, 
 Joys and delights of maternal house.
 
 99 
 
 Let it shame [you] to delay before doors or with feet 
 or heart, 
 
 increpo 
 
 And to have chided swift days of sports. 
 Effugio mensa 
 
 Fly smoke, spectacles, tables of Augusta; 
 
 rota convenio 
 
 The muse and sound of wheel do not well agree. 
 May perfidious pleasure strive in vain to recall 
 
 illaqueo cantus 
 
 And to insnare tender bosoms by charms. 
 
 chorea gracilis 
 Let it be enough, O boys, to have indulged light dance, 
 
 lampades ignis 
 
 Where lamps afford another day with light ; 
 tamen adeo : praes. sub. integer aedes ; sing. 
 
 But now approach unsullied founts, and temple 
 qua reseratus vigeo 
 
 Where candid mind unlocked by study is strengthened; 
 peragro. imperat. locus 
 And wander thro' haunts and gather flowers of Pierides, 
 
 sedulus libo 
 As busy bee sips lilies in meadows. 
 
 furit puer 
 
 Lo ! again Medea rages and murders children, 
 
 litigo 
 And Chremes storms again with angry mouth. 
 
 F 2
 
 100 
 
 spirat adhuc dolor 
 
 Fx>ve of Naso breathes yet, and his affections live : 
 
 ille tuus 
 And thy sparrow,O Lesbia, has a name. 
 
 proelium 
 
 Now the learned follow Annibal thro' dire battles, 
 Jamque rus. pi. 
 
 And now again they sing pastures, mn<ry,leaders. 
 
 vobis floridus ago 
 
 la these studies your flowery age passes [its] spring, 
 iste amarities tener. pi. 
 
 That sweet bitterness awaits the young 
 
 comes parabilis celeris 
 
 And companion equal, and attainable in fleet hour, 
 
 cui dolus 
 
 From whose breast ye know base guile to be absent: 
 
 ludo 
 Ice of perfidy never deceives footsteps. 
 
 Nor the faithful mourns faithless friendship 
 
 vivitur florifer 
 
 So they live without care thro' flower-bearing years, 
 fletur est oblitus repono onus 
 
 They weep, and mind forgets and lays down burthen. 
 
 solutus 
 Both spirit and Muses free from art are to you, 
 
 cor jocus 
 
 Laughter flowing fiom heart, and. jests without 
 
 lex 
 restraint.
 
 101 
 
 carpo praedor neut. pi. 
 
 Enjoy delights. Time preys on every thing, 
 
 maestus. n. pi. 
 Alas I many a day marked [by] sorrows approaches. 
 
 EXERCISE LXXXIX. 
 Nee milii mors gravis est posituro morte dolores. 
 
 diligo dat. arx 
 
 Farewell, O land, beloved by me, ye walls and castles, 
 
 agor solitus 
 
 Alas ! I am driven an exile afar from accustomed 
 towers. 
 
 valeas Hispanus tellus 
 
 Ah ! farewell again Spanish land ; thro* waves 
 
 aeger ustus 
 
 Heart-sick 1 seek kingdoms parched [with] fierce 
 suns, 
 
 opacus 
 
 Where a barbarous race dwells among darkening 
 mountains, 
 
 ligo 
 And press fields not touched by any spade ; 
 
 ubi incaeduus cum 
 
 Or where uncid wood hath grown old with the earth, 
 P 3
 
 102 
 
 nee insono 
 
 And not yet voices of men have sounded. 
 
 palleo sylvestris 
 Here solitary traveller dreads woodland monsters, 
 
 herba 
 
 Or snakes which herbage conceals in black bosom. 
 signum Deum exsto caesus ab. case 
 The shapeless statues of Gods stand out of cut trunks, 
 
 And many temples are wet with human blood. 
 O vos 
 But, ye winds, compose the cruel waves, 
 
 ratis 
 And thou, my bark, stop thy rapid flight thro' the sea, 
 
 iterum 
 
 While it is allowed to turn myself again to known 
 mountains, 
 
 adeundus 
 And places not to be approached thro' days of life. 
 
 vix lambo dat. placidus 
 Silvery light hardly tips for me calm towers, 
 
 conspectus 
 
 And evening shuts fields scarcely seen ; 
 And fisherman sitting on rock while he dries nets, 
 
 projicio Numantinus 
 
 Throws forth sweet melody from Numantine mouth. 
 
 umbratus 
 Alas me ! sails swell land lost in shade recedes: 
 
 supremum 
 Ye dear shores, farewell for ever to me.
 
 103 
 
 I am compelled to approach your tracts, desert 
 Columbia, 
 
 teter situs 
 
 Horrible forests and places hideous with uncultivated 
 nature. 
 
 facundia lenio 
 
 Not there eloquence of friend eases cares, 
 concentusve caecus 
 
 Or by harmony of soul relieves unseen dangers. 
 
 parvulus 
 No mother there whom, a little infant, I pleased, 
 
 parvulus 
 Who cherished little limbs in tender bosom. 
 
 placens linquendus 
 And placid wife is to be left, who will often lament 
 
 vir 
 The husband whom the wave divides afar from her 
 
 eyes ; 
 She neither with look shall sooth bitter life. 
 
 Nor weep with dishevelled hair before sepulchres, 
 aura sequoreus \ 
 
 O breeze, impelling sails thro' watery plains, 
 
 ratis 
 O breeze, whither carriest thou the bark cruel 
 
 profugus 
 to the exile ? 
 
 P 4
 
 104 
 EXERCISE XC. 
 
 Circes Insula. 
 
 pr. sub. 
 Sailor, beware -fly cruel but lovely shore, 
 
 vitreus 
 
 This [is] the island of glittering Circe Sailor, 
 beware ; 
 
 colligo gramen 
 Behold mountainous fields where she gathers herbs, 
 
 tuque 
 Behold terrible forms and thyself fear. 
 
 simul adm&rit carchesium 
 
 For as soon as she shall have administered boiols to 
 thirsty lips, 
 
 cantatus 
 
 And as soon as she shall have poured enchanted 
 melody, 
 
 operio labans 
 
 Lo I error covers minds sinking in languor, 
 
 abeo species 
 
 * And manly form is changed * into new shapes. 
 
 Connect " And and into"
 
 105 
 
 satur 
 
 This saturated guest is turn'd into grim lion, 
 
 hara 
 
 Another more foul is shut in uncleanly sty ; 
 This [man] feels long claws, this [man] a beak to 
 grow, 
 
 arrogo 
 This [man become] a white swan claims praises for 
 
 plumes ; 
 
 lymphatus Maenas et ferinus 
 
 Furious Maenad also pufs on wild form, 
 
 adeptus 
 
 Having obtained body of tigress, or fierce she-wolf. 
 The thyasus, bursting forth, glows unon resounding 
 
 tongues, 
 
 And the same murmurs tremble on changed voice. 
 The fierce band takes another and a fierce figure, 
 peractus liquidus 
 
 Nor sees new things, nor tnings vast with clear mind, 
 abeo praet. part. 
 
 Other [females] are changed into flowers, and bound 
 pass. 
 ivith pfulyra 
 
 pi. impedio 
 
 Either adorn bosom, or encircle hair. 
 
 fraudo 
 So also Pleasure robs [her] followers of virtue,
 
 106 
 
 gestio 
 
 So she boasts [to have subdued] nymphs, so to have 
 subdued men. 
 
 praetereo ipse 
 
 Whom if thou passest by, of her own accord she will 
 
 cumulatior 
 
 follow more abundant, 
 exhibiturus 
 About to exhibit no marks of disgrace. 
 
 EXERCISE XCI. 
 
 Libertas. 
 
 Thou reignest among the celestials, O golden Liberty, 
 
 thus. pi. 
 And Cecropidce gave first incense to thee ; 
 
 gr. ace. placarunt 
 And singing thepcean soothed thy deity, 
 
 occulo 
 Arid entivined thy swords in myrtle. 
 
 Doris 
 
 A free Doric nymph, thou didst rejoice to swim thro' 
 Eurotas, 
 
 exsupero jugum 
 And to climb green height of Taygetus. 
 
 redivivus abl. abs. 
 And Daunia reviving, tribunes being accepted, knew
 
 107 
 
 posset resolutus compes 
 What a nation could do freed from its fetter. 
 
 suppedito 
 
 Thou suppliest eloquence to Marcus, and sword to 
 Cato, 
 
 decus 
 Intellect to Brutus, and honour to Poplicola ; 
 
 renideo 
 
 Not here, not there, but where thou smilest, O sacred, 
 Brave [man] conceives both country and home 
 
 to be. 
 
 tamen palleo 
 
 But coward dreads thee, rich miaer [dreads] thee, 
 
 malum 
 
 Mind meditating silent evil to country [dreads] 
 thee. 
 
 Persa recubo puniceus rosetum 
 
 Let Persian lie wantonly in blushing rose-beds, 
 
 Tuscus stupeo imago 
 
 Let Tuscan be absorbed in painted figures; 
 
 adulor 
 Let the slave fawn upon the strong, and tread upon 
 
 jacens 
 tlie prostrate, 
 
 blanditiae premo 
 
 ~U tier flatteries with his mouth and stifle threats: 
 Anglicus profero 
 
 Englishman, do thou remember to speak aloud the 
 movements of thy mind, 
 F6
 
 108 
 
 promo verbum. pi. 
 
 And to publish the free language of an intrepid 
 bosom. 
 
 rite exoratus 
 While thou, O goddess, sacredly invited by pious 
 
 Camoenae 
 Shalt govern here people and leader with equal law ; 
 
 ferus dominor 
 
 While fierce soldier shall lord it over no fields, 
 
 plebs 
 Nor give chains nor fear to the multitude with 
 
 sword. 
 
 qui maneo dum crastinus sibi 
 
 He who lives waiting till to-morrow's light shall give him 
 
 hodiernus 
 Delights to prayers which to-day's [light] denies, 
 
 egredior 
 The same departs from life sadder and wiser, 
 
 seternum 
 
 And says, Thou hope and fear, for ever farewell. 
 But he who hath known thee, golden Liberty, hath 
 kno'.vn 
 
 part. n. 
 Whatever life possesses of honoured or of gcod; 
 
 Acheloius cyathus 
 
 Thou [makest] Acheloian cups [better than] glasses of 
 rosy Bacchus, 
 
 vel potior 
 Thou makest funerals even better than the palm.
 
 109 
 
 EXERCISE XCII. 
 
 An satis eat animi contemnere vanum 
 Numen. 
 
 circuit 
 In summer eve, when shining Iris embraces 
 
 The heavens, and meadows glitter with rosy light, 
 
 vagus 
 
 Why does wandering mind seek cliffs and remote 
 mountains, 
 
 rubesco occiduus 
 
 Whose top blushes afar with setting sun ? 
 
 umbiatus cacumen magis 
 
 Why do shadoivy mountain tops allure the breast rather 
 Than the field which smiles [with] neighbouring 
 ceapes 
 turf? 
 
 nescio quid res 
 
 Distance affords / know not what of form to object*, 
 She clothes the joyful ground in azure garment. 
 Thus the mind foresees hours better than the past, 
 And rejoices to enter new ways of life. 
 
 quoe 
 Thus covetous, we always wish those things which are 
 
 longius 
 
 farthest absent, 
 And future scene pleases more than the present.
 
 110 
 
 Quicqmd amabile fert 
 
 Whatever of pleasure life gives, dwells with thee, O 
 Hope, 
 
 Iseti 
 
 Whatever of joy glory hath, whatever love. 
 Thou art able to appease cruel tumults of mind, 
 Thou art able to pluck out from heart concealed 
 
 evil. 
 When other Deities fly the wicked seats, 
 
 It grieves thee to have forsaken the human race. 
 
 rebus afflictis 
 Thou alone, affording comforts to our afflicted state, 
 
 aequaevus 
 
 Hast seen coeval poles to have grown old together. 
 Thou, the companion of heroes through waters and sad 
 
 wars, 
 
 Desirest to surround [their] temples with perpetual 
 leaf. 
 
 pererrans 
 And thou to the Briton wandering over deserts of Libya, 
 
 Where scorched shores glow with cruel sun, 
 Suppliest strength He hopes to end his labours, 
 
 pudicus 
 
 Where thou, O bashful Nile, hidest unknown 
 head.
 
 Ill 
 
 EXERCISE XCIII. 
 
 ouar au 
 
 Orpheus. 
 
 ye places under the earth, O hid for ever in dark- 
 
 ness, 
 And, ye kingdoms, not to be entered by step of the 
 
 living, 
 And, marsh of Cocytus, unlovely with sluggish waters, 
 
 simulacrum 
 And thou boat which earnest ghosts thro' river, 
 
 plur. infandus coerceo 
 
 And, ye light people, whom dire laws restrain, 
 Whom the unpleasant fields of black Dis hold, 
 
 pi. 
 
 Ye deities, who govern Tartarus with divine nod. 
 in quot almus 
 
 To whom as many men as nourishing earth brings 
 forth will fall, 
 
 ademptus 
 
 Restore [her] beloved, lately taken from me lament- 
 ing ; 
 Weave again the threads of my own Eurydice. 
 
 1 did not descend that I might see the darksome 
 
 kingdoms,
 
 112 
 
 lethalis 
 
 My wife is to me the cause of deadly way ; 
 Hence I seek this vast chaos and silence of [this] 
 kingdom, 
 
 cieo 
 Having dared with my voice to call on the infernal 
 
 gods : 
 
 I should not wish to descend to the Tartarian coasts, 
 Where lurid Orcus is silent with idle waters. 
 
 EXERCISE XCIV. 
 
 captus 
 
 Orpheus sang these things charmed with the sweet- 
 ness of his harp, 
 
 exsanguis 
 The bloodless souls have laid aside their fears ; 
 
 sopitus 
 The Eumenides lulled to deep by his verse have 
 
 pressed their beds ; 
 
 Every snake [in their] thick hair falls conquered : 
 And now suddenly the yawning Cerberus held his 
 three mouths,
 
 113 
 
 refugus 
 
 And Tantalus drank with mouth the vr&vesjlytng 
 back : 
 
 at 
 
 Proserpine smiled, but unwillingly, with stern coun- 
 tenance, 
 qualis 
 
 Not such as formerly beloved by her black suitor. 
 Quinetiam stupeo 
 
 Moreover the houses were astonished thro' the king- 
 doms of the silent, 
 And there is a report that the cheeks of Dis 
 
 immadesco 
 were wet with tears. 
 Thus Orpheus softens breasts unknowing to be bent, 
 
 consequor 
 Eurydice is restored, and follows close her husband ; 
 
 lustro immanis 
 And now [with] quick step they explore the vast 
 
 gulf, 
 Now scarcely the air refreshes their pallid cheeks ; 
 
 pone 
 The wife following behind had escaped all accidents, 
 
 While joys, mixed with fear, take her bosom ; 
 And scarce with trembling eye she sees sun and 
 heaven, 
 
 modo 
 
 And beloved fields at a distance where lately she 
 sported
 
 114 
 
 When suddenly the incautious lover looked back on 
 
 his bride, 
 About to weep the broken treaties of the black 
 
 God; 
 
 She grieving, again about to be torn away, stretched 
 hands, 
 
 refero 
 And again unhappy, now about to die, she says: 
 
 illcetabilis pateo 
 " Alas ! the cheerless coast is open to be visited by me, 
 
 perennis 
 " And that night will also be to me eternal. 
 
 licet 
 " And now farewell, my husband, I am thine although 
 
 ago 
 drawn under Orcus, 
 
 tamen 
 " Dead, but although dead, still [your] bride ; 
 
 abeo memor 
 
 " Although my body departs, I will hold you in remem- 
 
 mens 
 brance, 
 
 rarus 
 Although nothing except a slender shade of me 
 
 remains. 
 
 " Never, believe [me] will I drink silent oblivion 
 vestri 
 of you.
 
 115 
 
 " The draught of the water of Lethe shall not blot 
 
 out Orpheus*, 
 
 " And now farewell, husband," scarce her tongue said 
 novissima 
 last toords, 
 
 dirigeo 
 
 Pale she stood aghast warmth forsakes bones 
 immistus 
 Melted into mists she deceived her husband 
 
 prensans 
 catching her, 
 
 And she flies hid in eternal night of death : 
 And now a second time she sought the Manes never 
 
 about to return, 
 And now a cold shade passes Stygian waters. 
 
 EXERCISE XCV. 
 
 Passages from the Prophetic Ode of Moses. 
 
 mea veroa 
 
 Hear, O Heavens and Earth ! the words of me speak- 
 ing 
 
 Shall flow as rain and dews where the herbage 
 thirsts. 
 
 * Orpheus, Greek ace
 
 116 
 
 transfuga 
 A nation, beloved by God, deserting hath left its own 
 
 camp 
 Not I, but grief itself suggests complaint. 
 
 sui. pi. 
 He had seen Ms people inhabiting a howling 
 
 tesqua 
 "wilderness 
 
 foveo 
 
 And wanned [their] minds with hope, and sup- 
 ported their feet. 
 
 superincumbo 
 As the queen of birds hovers over [her] nest, 
 
 erigo pi. volito 
 
 And cheers, and teaches [her] offspring tojly; 
 
 remigium 
 
 And supports [them] in the air by the oarage of her 
 own wing, 
 
 desiderium pi. aperta. n. pi. 
 And shows to their eagerness the open spaces of heaven; 
 
 ille arduus. n. pi. sibi 
 
 So that God hath led thro' steeps those loved by himself, 
 
 pi. n. 
 And hath given honey, born from rock, and olives; 
 
 egens 
 
 And hath supplied to las hungry people dainties of 
 omnigenus 
 every kind, 
 
 rubicundus arens 
 
 And gives blushing cups to parching thirst.
 
 117 
 
 tamen pinguedo 
 
 Yet the ungrateful nation, in the fatness of wretched 
 heart, 
 
 duco 
 Despised and forsook [his] conducting hand. 
 
 bona. n. pi. fero insignis 
 And having rejected blessings, extolled with highest 
 
 praise, 
 
 \ 
 
 e 
 
 Gods carved of wood, and without a mind ; 
 And opposed [my] words, and forgetful of the rock 
 of health, 
 
 Geritilis aboleo 
 Suffered [Gods] of the heathen to efface the true 
 
 God. 
 Ergo 
 
 ThereJ'ore, says the Deity, because it leaves my tem- 
 ples, 
 
 alio pi. 
 And transfers elsewhere incense due to me, 
 
 strages 
 [ will appoint swift ministers of wrath and destruction, 
 
 regnum fut. in dus 
 And will give up their regions to be devoured by 
 
 pestis 
 various plagues ; 
 
 desuper 
 
 And I will pour from above, flames, and thirst, and 
 hunger,
 
 118 
 
 trado 
 
 And will deliver [their] bones to the fierce bitings 
 coluber 
 of adders ; 
 
 tendo * 
 And, while enemies shall encamp without, fear within 
 
 habeo 
 
 shall possess 
 moenia 
 
 The ramparts, and infants and old men shall fall by 
 sword. 
 
 igitur 
 
 And shall Heathens, then, lay waste the walls of 
 Juda? 
 
 do 
 
 And attribute so great trophies of war to them- 
 selves ? 
 
 queis vinea latex 
 Whose vine sheds juices and draughts of Gomfirrha, 
 
 ultro 
 Whose breast, love of falsehood blinds by choice ? 
 
 non ita 
 
 May it not be so but let nation beloved by me rather 
 resipisco 
 repent, 
 And avert [my] wrath before day of funeral 
 
 * Per ellipsin, for " Castro, ttndent."
 
 119 
 
 EXERCISE XCV.* 
 
 Moses from Mount Nebo,* beholds the promised 
 Land, which he is not allowed to enter.-f 
 
 scando jugum 
 
 That shepherd of the flock ascends lofty heights of 
 
 Nebo, 
 
 ut capto regmim 
 
 To embrace by sight, realms denied to [his] foot ; 
 
 fero 
 
 But he was about to die so heaven's orders imported. 
 Ergo ubi consisto 
 
 So when he had taken his stand, and had beheld the 
 joyous fields, 
 
 * Mount Nebo. The mountains Nebo, Pisgah, and Abarim, 
 make but one chain of mountains in the country of Moab, near 
 mount Peor, over against Jericho. 
 
 t The unparalleled poetical force and beauty of the prophetic 
 ode of Moses betrayed me into the difficult attempt of putting 
 some of its thoughts, (most inadequately indeed,) within the 
 reach of young versifiers. To have been attracted to this sub- 
 ject, so powerfully attractive, and to have deserted it upon trial, 
 are things perfectly consistent; because, upon trial, the im- 
 measurable distance between divine and human lore, is sensibly 
 felt and acknowledged. And admiration and diffidence will, it 
 is hoped, excuse the attempt and incompletetiess of the ode of 
 Moses. In the view of the promised land from Mount Nebo, 
 the circumstances of the inspired poet himself form the general 
 attraction. The blessings severally bestowed on the tribes, are 
 so peculiar and appropriate to the nation of whom Moses was 
 the conductor and the prophet, as, perhaps, to refuse a classical 
 adaptation. 1 have, at all events, ventured on this occasion to 
 consider myself at liberty to assume a kind of vsm/rav we\ Xryt,-, 
 and to suppose the general feelings resulting from a situation 
 beyond all comparison the most impressive that ever gave birth 
 to poetry .
 
 120 
 
 pL 
 
 The Godhead stimulates [his] lofty heart, and 
 jubeo 
 
 urges [him] to speak, 
 victrix age praes. sub. 
 
 " Victorious Juda, onward, enjoy promised triumphs, 
 
 solum 
 " And enter, Juda, the land under heavenly leader. 
 
 reses pi. 
 *' Nor disturb a quiet people, nor the lover of peace, 
 
 queis culter adsum pro solo numine 
 " But those whose knife is [their] only deity. 
 
 immanis feritas 
 
 " Men, savage in fierceness, profane the holy places, 
 
 mancus 
 
 " But darts shall fall from their hands deprived of a 
 point : 
 
 occino furiaiis carmen 
 
 " To these the cruel priest sings infuriate strain, 
 " To be conquered [by] order and counsels of God. 
 
 tendo. sub. 
 
 u Therefore, onward, Juda, pitch thy camp in the 
 sacratus 
 hallowed soil ; 
 
 adamatus 
 
 " But to me for I am dying beloved Juda, fare- 
 well, 
 
 inconcessus 
 ' O Land, unpermitted to me, both hail, and farewell !"
 
 " [Ye] caves of Prophets, and ye waters of health, 
 olea vigeo cautes 
 
 " And [ye] roots of olive, \v\iichjlourish in hard rock, 
 
 futurus plenus 
 
 " And [ye] temples, about to be filled with the 
 present God ; 
 
 quoque obumbro cacumen Lebaneus 
 
 " And ye, too, O Cedars, shading heights of Lebanon, 
 
 " And, ye walls of Solyma, soon to be inhabited 
 
 mei 
 by my people ; 
 
 Idumaeus (dat. for gen.) frons 
 
 " And thou, palm of the vale of Edom, with whose leaf 
 the traveller 
 postmodo refero 
 
 " Hereafter will betake himself home, joyous and 
 
 ovans 
 triumphing ; 
 
 quaeque despecto 
 
 " And ye objects, which / look doion on with my eyes, 
 and [thou] form of things, 
 pectus 
 " Not yet born, seen by my mind, farewell ! 
 
 venia 
 " O Angel, who gavest rest and favour to the people, 
 
 hodiernus 
 
 " Thus, on this day, be present to me breathing out 
 [my soul.]
 
 quoque vinclum subj. 
 
 " Ye, too, redeemed from bonds and sorrow, learn 
 
 levis 
 " How easy is the passage of death, which the 
 
 asto 
 Deity assists" 
 
 EXERCISE XCVI. 
 
 Urbanum invitat rusticus. 
 
 adeo 
 
 May'st thou come hither, leaving noise and smoke of 
 city, 
 
 dedignatus 
 Not having disdained country and my Lares. 
 
 cultus 
 
 May'st thou come hither : cottage decorated with 
 verbena nitesco 
 vervain is gay for thee, 
 exue quicquid 
 Put away whatever of cares thou hast before doors. 
 
 imbrifer auctus 
 
 Shower-bearing spring departs, earth increased with 
 rains received, 
 
 amice de sinus 
 
 Pours gifts, my friend., from full bosom;
 
 1-23 
 
 exorno 
 Rustic Daphne adorns hairs with much flower, 
 
 haud nescia 
 
 And not ignorant of flame, sings what love may be. 
 jamque montanus cacumen 
 And now mountain tops repeat new songs, 
 
 Now wood sounds again with shepherd, now with 
 bird ; 
 
 novellus 
 And now again it is pleasant to go among tender vines, 
 
 salicetum 
 
 Or by margin of river, where willow groves are 
 green. 
 
 nemus 
 Now Dryads exult in grove, and Oread in cavern, 
 
 flumineus 
 
 Fair Naiad rejoices in water of river ; 
 aerius palumbes * lugeo 
 
 Airy wood-pigeons, my care, moan sweetly, 
 
 uber 
 And flocks crop fertility of rich field. 
 
 adsum saliunca haud 
 
 Be thou present here : lavender exhales not long odours, 
 
 rosetum languesco 
 
 And rose-beds cultivated languish in short day. 
 tamen ne operosus 
 
 But expect not gifts of costly luxury, 
 
 * Virgil has said, " raucee palumbet" either our woo-- 
 pigeons, or our tastes, must be different 
 G 2
 
 124 
 
 {era vectus de 
 
 And brass carried from thy harbour, O Corinthus. 
 puniceus 
 Purple curtains adorn not my windows, 
 
 non sunt mihi signa torva 
 
 And / have not statues of fathers stern in marble. 
 
 orbis 
 Citron table supports not capacious dishes ; 
 
 structor nitidus 
 
 Caterer does not procure dainties [with] clever art. 
 cultus ccelatus 
 
 Elegant servant does not fill embossed cups, 
 at porrigo 
 
 But boy, with ingenuous countenance, holds out 
 faginua 
 beechen [cups.] 
 
 narro 
 And Menalcas shall relate again things repeated ten 
 
 times. 
 Ucalego'n applauding histories of old men. 
 
 ducentia 
 
 Damon shall sing things bringing on placid slumbers; 
 adsum urbanus 
 
 Come hither such things await city friend [in] 
 country.
 
 125 
 EXERCISE XCVII. 
 
 Urbanus rusticum invitat. 
 
 I bid Coreebus, a lover of the country, to hail, 
 
 linquas 
 And I, a lover of the city, ask thee to leave fields. 
 
 fingo 
 
 Here dwell sweet Camcenae, whom you imagine in the 
 country, 
 
 adeo 
 
 Pallas rejoices to approach Cecropian houses ; 
 You, O Cytheraea, reseek * Criidos, Idalia being left, 
 
 praefero haud 
 
 Chaste Diana preferred not grove to Ephesus. 
 Juno held seats [in] ancient Carthage, 
 
 qui ventosus 
 
 He who governs inconstant sea, loves Argos ; 
 
 sylvestris. plur 
 And many a nymph, superior to woodland nymphs, 
 
 inhabits city, 
 Many a Dryad to be preferred to true [Dryads] 
 
 inhabits [it.] 
 Besides, royal spectacles deceive night, 
 
 splendeo 
 Scene imitating beauty of Nature is splendid ; 
 
 Italus supero 
 Here Italian conquers [in] song, whom he had cou- 
 
 * Cnidus in the Greek accusative. 
 6 3
 
 126 
 
 quered by arms, 
 Grace composes and attends [his] meiody. 
 
 modulatus adject. 
 
 Here clemency of Titus, modulated, shines more mildly. 
 
 Mozartus striking varied lyre. 
 Now CiniaTosa excites anger and tears by turns, 
 
 peremptus 
 When sister falls, slain by victorious brother. 
 
 quoque pono 
 Here Genius flourishes, Gratia also builds temple, 
 
 almus 
 Nor does gentle Virtue deny her own companion. 
 
 quando incautius 
 
 Hereof at any time thou shalt have said any unguarded 
 word, 
 
 id sodalitium 
 
 Whatever that is, trust safe society. 
 Shalt thou imprudent have done any thing [in] 
 fervens 
 
 glowing youth ? 
 ille 
 He shall give pardon to error, who requires [it.] 
 
 urbanus 
 
 Horatms,/m'n<7 in city, praised green fields, 
 Maro himself preferred Parthenope to woods, 
 
 suspire suburra 
 
 Naso sighs for city and middle thoroughfare of Rome, 
 Where horrid Ister rolls rapid waters.
 
 127 
 
 multum vlgllata 
 
 O rural poets, burn much laboured verses, 
 Burn lyres to be despised by posterity, 
 cachinnus 
 And ye, whatever [there is] of laughters, restrain 
 
 ineptus 
 the dull man, 
 
 posse fingo 
 Who thinks that he can invent melody in woods. 
 
 age quid 
 
 Therefore come if joys of Londinum at all touch thee. 
 aides agrestis 
 
 Come hither such things await my country friend 
 in city. 
 
 EXERCISE XCVIII. 
 Time and Ruins. 
 
 immansuetus lustro 
 
 Relentless Father, who surveyest all things in [thy] 
 volatus 
 flight, 
 
 irreqirietus adsum 
 
 But, altho' ever-moving, art always present ; 
 
 G 4
 
 128 
 
 dat. 
 
 Whose ministers the short moment, short hour, and 
 day, 
 
 e 
 
 Heap up ages from the least particles ; 
 Amid these ruins, O Time, I venerate thy deeds, 
 
 rite recino 
 
 These trophies duly sing of thy deity. 
 Celebris igitur atrium 
 
 Crowded tables then cheered these halls, 
 
 stetit 
 And this house was renowned for great name ; 
 
 pello ter 
 
 And joyous youth struck the pavement * trippingly 
 with foot, 
 
 allapsus 
 
 Where herbage marks glidings of serpents [in its] 
 bosom. 
 
 pi. ex adytum 
 
 And laughter from the inmost of the heart, and jests 
 sounded, 
 
 nisi s i n g' 
 
 Where all things are silent except the beasts that 
 reboo 
 rebellow : 
 
 * Tj/f, <rgi*its, vgivtdiov, tripudium, a dance to the ordinary 
 measure of time, of three in a bar. Hence is derived the 
 English word to trip, t. e., to dance or step to the time of three. 
 And the adverb "trippingly," expressive in its rigour of a nice 
 ohse* - ation of that measure.
 
 moenia ludo 
 
 And these walls once baffled fierce cohorts, 
 
 vel labo 
 
 Which, pressed even beneath female foot, give way. 
 
 fas 
 
 It is hardly possible to believe [it,] but antiquity 
 adsum pro 
 
 is for a witness, 
 
 Both the house and the masters had their spring. 
 He who hath laid prostrate the masters, the same hath 
 
 peredo 
 
 devoured [their] monuments, 
 aes 
 
 Bronze resembling countenance, and the very names 
 of the men ; 
 
 de molimen 
 
 And/rom so great pomp of things nothing survives, 
 
 commemoro 
 
 Which may be able to call to mind the days of 
 fastus 
 pride. 
 
 nisi quae tritus 
 
 Nothing but she, who leaning on staff, and in tattered 
 lacerna 
 mantle, 
 
 tectum. pi. strix fractus 
 
 Places her lodging together with the ou-l in shattered 
 
 Pi 
 tcna'r. 
 
 a 5
 
 130 
 
 neut. part. neut. part. 
 
 She to the traveller recounts traditions for things seen, 
 alienus neut. adj. sing. neut. part. 
 
 And crazed in mind relates truths with inventions : 
 ahl. abs. pass.) (Stips. sing.) 
 
 Then, grasping the alms, like a ghost, reseeks [her] 
 hiding-place 
 
 lar 
 
 Where she avoids rude gusts under a house 
 labor, (fut. in rus.) 
 about to fall in. 
 
 induco plu. 
 
 Time brings on this forgetfulness of ancient forms: 
 cerno patior 
 
 Seeing these things, O Cynthia, learn to endure 
 wrinkles. 
 
 EXERCISE XC1X. 
 
 Columbus. 
 
 dat. case 
 
 Over realms of ocean, ploughed by no keel, 
 Columbus steers course [in] bold ship, 
 simulacrum 
 Forms do not affright him, and images of Gods,
 
 131 
 
 mentitus 
 Falsely said to have denied \vatery ways [with] 
 
 voice. 
 
 Days have passed by, there is nothing but sea and air, 
 atque 
 
 And new day passing away, there is nothing. 
 But at length they see a wondrous and sad corpse, 
 nigrans 
 Black hairs swelled on waves. 
 
 species 
 The form gives an omen of death and discovered land, 
 
 deveneror 
 
 And soon they worsliip unknown ground, 
 jamque 
 And nmv they go under new shades, nymphs howling, 
 
 ultrix loquor 
 Of whom one sister, an avenger, spoke [with] voice. 
 
 adveniens ubi 
 Whoever thou art, arriving where from first origin of 
 
 world jugum 
 
 Nymphs have lain concealed in sacred heights; 
 Miserable fate, O Leader, awaits both thee and thine, 
 
 egeo vindex 
 
 This land does not \oant avenger of dire evil, 
 scilicet flagro 
 
 Far it shall give metal which thou lovest in heart, 
 
 rogus 
 And immense riches, and a sudden grave. 
 
 c- G
 
 132 
 
 acer habendi 
 
 Hence fierce love of having riches opens fountains of 
 tears, 
 
 conscelero 
 And shall give to defile hands with crime. 
 
 plu. hebeto 
 Hence commerce didls minds buried in night, 
 
 Sordid, and to be rejected [by] ingenuous men. 
 Go, O conqueror, may'st thou hold sad empire over 
 
 inhospitable [places,] 
 
 And may'st thou rule all things but all things to b( 
 riganda 
 watered with tears. 
 
 EXERCISE C. 
 Cave of Trophonius. 
 
 viden' ut hiatus praeruptus 
 
 See'st thou hew an opening descends in craggy rock, 
 
 ferrugineus 
 Which, with lurid light, scares birds ? 
 
 foetus 
 The way is through bushes, and filled with noxious 
 
 herbs, 
 And places hardly to be approached by wild beast ;
 
 133 
 
 Beneath, a foul marsh labours to go through rushes, 
 
 salicetum formidatus 
 And through willows to the dreaded god ; N 
 
 supero sublustris 
 
 Which, passing [with] pole, thou enterest the twiliyhi 
 
 foramen 
 excavation, 
 
 do feralis 
 
 Where torches shed something spectral through 
 
 empty [space,] 
 But horror, carved and painted faithfully on the walls, 
 
 gravo pi. 
 And agonies of life, pain the heart and eyes. 
 
 concolor 
 The genius of the cave, of the same colour with 
 
 haec pi. 
 
 these things, recounts evil only ; 
 obturo subtraho 
 
 Stop thine ears withdraw [thy] foot from 
 aedes. sing. 
 the temple. 
 
 Yes, he contaminates the cheerful colours of life, 
 auscultans dims. n. pi. 
 
 He, to the listener, tells of nought but miseries, 
 Whom, believing, the youth ceases to be young, and 
 the sick man, 
 
 opacus. n. pi 
 
 Hope being laid aside, beholds the dreariness of the 
 dark place.
 
 134 
 
 qui expalleo 
 
 Hence Ae, who hath not dreaded enemy, dreads life, 
 
 paveo 
 
 And. fears poisons mixed in harmless honey, 
 hie contremo lateo 
 
 One man trembles at snakes couching in both violets 
 and roses, 
 
 usque salebra 
 
 One man always trembles at difficulties [in] easy 
 path ; 
 
 moratus. abl. tellus 
 
 He has breast ^/ured on cares, face [fixed] on earth, 
 
 cui pi. 
 Wlwse heart formerly had been ignorant of ill. 
 
 abhinc 
 
 Nor doth he smile, nor feel from hence comforts of 
 life, 
 
 pi. fides 
 
 Who shall have given heart and faith to the cruel 
 God. 
 
 fut. rus. projicio 
 And evil to come, thrmvs forward shades through life 
 
 prcelibo tristis. n. pi. 
 
 And fear foretasting sorroios, makes [them] to be 
 adsum 
 present. 
 Lest by chance you may ask what the cave of Tro- 
 
 volo 
 phonius proposes to itself,
 
 135 
 
 miser introrsus 
 
 Oar fable admonishes him who is wretched within : 
 gemino 
 Double not the cares of life [by] dread of life, 
 
 indubito 
 
 But cease to distrust thy fates ; 
 qui incumbo 
 
 Whoever shuns the human race, and broods over grief, 
 He shall already have known the hiding-place of the 
 gloomy god. 
 
 dius 
 The only safety to him [is] to hope for heavenly 
 
 safety, 
 In the placid seats of Heaven, the only rest. 
 
 EXERCISE CI. 
 
 Pueritia. 
 
 erat moris flucto 
 
 // was the custom formerly to train boyish minds, 
 
 praes. sub. canus 
 
 That chaste youth should obey grey-headed old mail, 
 scilicet propago 
 
 So that Spartan race, powerful [in] arms, 
 deveneratus forem 
 Worshipped old age after Mars.
 
 136 
 
 et tetricus cultus 
 
 Both the austere and sad discipline of Sabine people, 
 
 pars 
 In that respect, was to be preferred to the new 
 
 [disciplines.] 
 
 perbrevts . aspiro 
 
 Very short hour of youth smiles and favours thee, 
 ilia 
 
 It smiles, but, alas ! passes away [with] swift step: 
 excutio usus 
 
 Shake off sloth, which weighs down faculties of mind : 
 Who being mistress, vigour which was before lan- 
 guishes, 
 effugio 
 Avoid luxuries of tables, and blushing Bacchus ; 
 
 inane 
 
 And whatever vanity fixes soul on ground. 
 Hie egeo 
 He needs not companions or solace of joyous wine, 
 
 comes Castalis 
 
 To whom Muses [are ] companions, Castalian wave 
 [is] wine. 
 
 age rutilans rubescit de 
 
 Arise, haste, now reddening Aurora begins to blush from 
 
 mountain, 
 
 ista iterum vacare 
 
 That light orders [thee] again to devote yourself to 
 
 studies ; 
 dumque vivus 
 And while vivid health accompanies tender youth,
 
 137 
 
 forma 
 And there is strength sufficient for [your] body, 
 
 and vigour for [your] mind ; 
 voveas te 
 Devote thyself to Muses about to give fame and name : 
 
 rapio 
 Not any day takes away gifts of Castalides. 
 
 temnas puerilia 
 
 But, O boy, neither do thou despise games and boyish 
 
 things, 
 
 As from limbs, let old age be absent from your 
 mind : 
 
 decor tibi 
 
 But let elegance and grace form all your gestures, 
 
 palaestra rego 
 
 And let schools of exercise direct motions [with] 
 nitidus mos 
 elegant art. 
 
 discrimen 
 And [say] to thyself thus whatever diversities await 
 
 life, 
 Disgrace, exile, bonds " I will spealc true things. ' r
 
 138 
 
 EXERCISE C1I. 
 
 Paris et QEnone. 
 
 When Parcae sang last hour to the Teucri, 
 
 clausus insto aequo 
 
 And horse enclosed menaces walls about to be 
 levelled, 
 
 indutus ace. case 
 On that night Paris, dressed in rustic garment*, 
 
 tendo (En6nen Gr. ac 
 
 Unaccompanied takes [his] way to (Enone. 
 jamque plur. 
 And now silence possessed solitary rocks of Ida, 
 
 fictus agrestis ait 
 
 When pretended rustic says, Naid being seen: 
 hoc sevi igitur quodcunque est degor 
 Is this life tlien, short as it is, passed [in] such 
 
 [things] 
 That no day may be without crime of war 't 
 
 tegmen congestus 
 Lo ! where my roof built nfiurfsmok.es, 
 
 And Lares [which ought] to be scorned by enemies 
 ruunt 
 fall [by] fire. 
 
 tutata est 
 
 But neither poverty has defended wretched husband- 
 man,
 
 139 
 
 arvum horreo nitidus depereo 
 
 Fields are uncultivated, sleek flocks have perished : 
 
 hinc illinc 
 
 Not far from hence, brother, tfiere sister rests [in] 
 death, 
 
 de nimius stamen 
 Either parent complains of too long thread of life. 
 
 senium 
 I alone try to relieve [their] old age with these arms ; 
 
 quoque 
 
 But, O nymph, fever subdues me also [though] a 
 youth. 
 
 parco sub. praes. 
 But, O Goddess, do thou pity man ; open to me 
 
 recesses, 
 
 And let caves of nymphs give houses to the pious, 
 I pray. 
 
 (GEnone.) 
 
 Sperastine ideo ace. inf. 
 
 Hast thou hoped, tiien, that thou shouldest deceive Q\>r 
 eyes ? 
 
 lateo inf. 
 
 Dost thou think that Paris escapes sight [under] 
 lacer 
 torn garment ? 
 
 usque adeo 
 Is revenge of forsaken nymph so utterly nothing ? 
 
 jugum 
 Is it so utterly nothing to have violated this hill ?
 
 140 
 
 qusesitus quin 
 
 Sought-for rest flies thee but behold towers 
 
 gero 
 Hear what wails, what threats air wafts. 
 
 abeo cieo 
 
 O perfidious, depart Pelasgi stir up renewed wars 
 
 for thee ; 
 
 Now hidden cohort holds houses and way : 
 And flames arise, and palaces of Troy nod 
 
 One ruin occupies unhappy soil. 
 Go, O most base in life, seek renowned death 
 And a prince dare [things] worthy of a prince to 
 die. 
 
 EXERCISE CIII. 
 
 Solicitique aliquid laetis intervenit. 
 
 quoque medius 
 Something of bitter arises even [in] mid fountain of 
 
 lepor 
 pleasures, 
 
 insum 
 
 Something sweet is in mid fountain of grief. 
 Alter ambio 
 One man courts riches and prays the Deity,
 
 141 
 
 des area 
 
 " May'st ihou grant [that] our chest may be 
 
 totus 
 
 greatest in all the forum." 
 Hie exopto admirandus ab 
 
 This man ivishes admirable strength from Hercules, 
 That he may go brave, arid to be feared in cruel 
 
 Mars. 
 
 Let there be to thee riches of Croesus, stout force of 
 Milo, 
 
 ille fisus ille 
 
 The one falls trusting to wealth, the other to strength ; 
 Alter alter 
 
 One sighs for friendship, and another for love, 
 Insnared by friendship, jilted by love, he grieves. 
 
 quisque 
 Therefore his own amiable error delights each man, 
 
 bormm 
 
 Each man greedily catches at blessing which al- 
 ways flies. 
 
 opes siti- 
 
 Thus poor man feigns to himself riches, and he who 
 ensque 
 
 thirsts in feverish 
 In somno 
 
 Sleep thus seeks images of waters. 
 
 peragro 
 Thus traveller, wandering evrr deserts, seeks rest ;
 
 142 
 
 qui 
 Thus he who perishes an exile, remembers native 
 
 soil. 
 In the mean time mind has suffered itself to grow 
 
 veternum 
 torpid in lethargy, 
 
 vana senet 
 
 And wearied while it seeks vain things, grows old 
 [in] rest. 
 
 desidero lapsus 
 
 Then in vain it regrets with vows years gone by, 
 
 ferre 
 But God permits that the winds should waft these 
 
 irrita 
 
 things become void. 
 But since Creator has given imperfect joys, 
 
 exsatio 
 And denies to satisfy human minds ; 
 
 igitur 
 
 Does he not, therefore, promise heavens opened to the 
 good ? 
 
 adj. neut. pi. 
 Hope shewing eternal way through bitterness?
 
 143 
 EXERCISE CIV. 
 
 Neptuno navita. 
 
 igitur cani 
 
 And now then old age clothes my temples with yrey hairs 
 
 agitatus 
 
 And limbs tossed by sea ask rest. 
 And I have suspended oars and garments to powerful 
 
 God, 
 ab. abs. 
 
 Who being a guide, I safe have ploughed swelling 
 waters. 
 
 phaselus jactatus 
 
 And thou, O my pinnace, tossed about with me, shalt 
 rest, 
 
 despiciens 
 Looking down on fields where lately thou wast 
 
 carried ; 
 inversusque 
 And inverted, shalt thou become a house, where under 
 
 cautes 
 high rock 
 
 flaveo 
 Sand nearest to accustomed sea is yellow. 
 
 trabs 
 But harder timber grew not on pine-bearing Ida,
 
 144 
 
 buxifei 
 
 Not any [on] your woods, O box-bearing Cytorus. 
 Symplegades, mouths of Pontus, have well known 
 this [vessel,] 
 
 salum 
 
 And salt sea which ever rages around Malea. 
 Ilia inobrutus Charybdaeus 
 
 It escaped, not overwhelmed, Charybdaean accidents, 
 And it often heard Scyllaean dogs. 
 
 naviger 
 
 Now [I] shall see ship-bearing sea, once my kingdoms, 
 And old I shall repeat ancient times with myself. 
 
 lene 
 And when air gently sounding shall have agitated 
 
 waves, 
 
 How shall I desire to be carried [in] faithful ship 
 per altum 
 over deeps! 
 Ah ! I could wish to change ungrateful rest for 
 
 dangers, 
 But old age [with] sluggish weight presses limbs-
 
 EXERCISE CV. 
 
 Maga loquitur. 
 
 niteo homines ubicunque 
 
 Moon is bright, air is silent, mankind everywhere rest, 
 
 poscor maga 
 
 We are demanded, infernal sorceresses, arise, be 
 present. 
 
 p rope re accingor in 
 
 Heus ! in haste now let us be prepared for black arts, 
 Let each, carried [on] blast, seek again her own 
 
 nefas 
 sacrilege ; 
 
 mitis longe 
 
 But ye, O gentle Genii, depart afar, 
 
 colo 
 O deities, who cherish joyous day, be gone. 
 
 foveo 
 And ye, O pious souls, be afar : who cherish in night 
 
 ccetusque 
 
 Both companies, and sweet fields which ye inhabited ; 
 You it delights to soothe cares for sick mortals, 
 
 dilacero 
 And us to tear in pieces world [with] new evils.
 
 146 
 
 spiracla 
 
 And now [ye] whoever possess the vents of black 
 dative 
 
 Erebus, adsum 
 
 And, all ye funereal goddesses of night, be present ; 
 
 ater 
 But hasten altars, hasten dark liquors, 
 
 Guilty herb remains to be cut [in] humble valley. 
 
 bufo 
 Here infamous wings of screech-owl, eye of toad, 
 
 acris 
 Viperean teeth, andyterce liver of wolf. 
 
 Thessalus pi. n. 
 
 With juices which Thessalian Tempe may produce [in] 
 fields, 
 
 gr. gen. 
 Or wve of Phasis, beloved [by] sorceress, laves ; 
 
 simul infundor 
 
 And let grasses and flowers together be poured into 
 caldron, 
 
 ferveo 
 Let liquor be hot, and boil [on] rapid fire. 
 
 quoque 
 Add ye words which even labouring moon obeys, 
 
 aes 
 
 Although cymbals may try to have lessened melody. 
 Now it is enough, Manes tremble to come out of 
 
 sepulchres, 
 
 uluridus exilis 
 
 Ghastly crew murmurs [with] small voice ;
 
 147 
 
 Who comes ? I recognise vestiges of human step; 
 
 curvatus 
 But prepare crooked knives [with] quick hand. 
 
 ducens 
 
 See'st thou not, Hecate, mother drawing threads, 
 
 natus 
 
 Whom it delights to watch over cradle of child ? 
 But she shall weep infancy touches not our mind 
 
 tacta flatus 
 
 Lo ! blasted [by] poisoned gusts [it] dies. 
 
 pollicita es 
 Thou, O new bride, hast promised to thyself through 
 
 long years, 
 
 Whatever sweet faithful love has for the chaste : 
 adsum fut. dus. 
 
 We appear but funeral is to be led by beloved 
 husband 
 
 parentalis ab. case 
 Lo! we change torches for funeral fire. 
 
 per in flos 
 
 And old age renewed by us returns to bloom, 
 And youth wears grey hairs, bloom being 
 
 demptus 
 taken away.
 
 EXERCISE CVI. 
 
 Somnia. 
 
 When first Phoebus hides rays under sea, 
 
 And fields are covered with garment of first night, 
 It is credible that Deity infuses Lethaean dew 
 
 aura 
 
 Into airs that wearied breasts may seek repose. 
 Hence darkness comes grateful when care rests, 
 
 arnica 
 
 And the hour of tranquil night falls kindly; 
 And now fields are silent, and Phoebe, obnoxious to her 
 brother, 
 
 Gr.'acc. 
 Kindles lamp in mid citadel of heaven. 
 
 lateo 
 Earth lies concealed entirely now air [with] gentle 
 
 whisper, 
 Mournfully complaining, has scarcely dared to 
 
 agitate grove. 
 
 [Thou] comest, grateful Morpheus, and shaking pop- 
 pies afar, 
 
 Thou subduest aii things through earth [with] 
 sweet slumber; 
 
 retinaculum 
 
 Either the soul departs an exile, leaving bondages of 
 terrae 
 clay,
 
 149 
 
 initurus 
 And flies hence about to enter unknown houses ; 
 
 euro jacens 
 Or it flutters around the body, and guards inactive 
 
 plu. 
 Mass, nor does she forsake her own seat ; 
 
 versata intus 
 
 Or engaged within, she forms vague dreams to the eye, 
 That repeated day may delight the senses. 
 
 rixa ferveo 
 
 Hence love, hence quarrels gloiv, hence in mind we see 
 Past things, ah ! not to be recalled by chaste prayer : 
 Companions occur again, and former tables, 
 And many joyous [things] which youth brought 
 with herself. 
 
 mcerens exsurgo e 
 
 Often likewise sad image rises out of tomb, 
 And seeks places known in earthly orb ; 
 
 ceu quando 
 
 The same voice and paleness of face, as when a com- 
 panion, 
 
 supremus 
 
 He poured last sound [with] trembling voice. 
 Often likewise Lesbia, once beloved, rises again, 
 
 veneres 
 And charms please again which have pleased ; 
 
 agnosco 
 And the boy has confessed known heats in his heart, 
 
 H8
 
 150 
 
 implico 
 Whom it delights to have embraced thin shades. 
 
 actus formido 
 
 Ah ! wretched they, to whom passed day rises in fear, 
 queis tacitus sudo 
 
 Whose hearts, conscious of secret evil, feel not. 
 Ah ! unhappy mind, and dire dreams of step-mother, 
 
 atra in 
 
 Who hath mixed black cups against son-in-law with 
 hand. 
 
 EXERCISE CVII. 
 
 Vanity of Human Wishes. 
 
 fut. rus. 
 Joyful youth is fed, and rejoices in the coming [day,] 
 
 exactus 
 
 Slow old age is fed by the past day ; 
 provectus qui. neut. pi. 
 
 PL more advanced age despises what tender [age] had 
 optarat 
 wislied for, 
 
 spretus. neut. pi. 
 And approves things despised, fas] more useful 
 
 laudatus 
 than things commended.
 
 151 
 
 So also inexperienced stag admires [his] horns, 
 
 tutus 
 
 So, saved by his knees, [he] despises empty orna- 
 ment. 
 
 vireo 
 While man is in vigour, he errs and learning 
 
 permultus 
 very many things, grows old, 
 
 edoctus 
 And death and the tomb await [him,] taught in vain. 
 
 p^-ecor species 
 
 We solicit great injuries, lying hid [under] the 
 
 bonum n. 
 semblance of good, 
 
 trepide pi. subditus 
 
 And tremblingly drink honey concealed in 
 
 malum 
 misfortunes. 
 
 praesentio neut. pi. possum 
 And mind anticipates what it may not avert, 
 
 dum quam inanis. neut. subj. 
 
 Until old age teaches hmo vain a thing reason is. 
 
 nebula 
 But divine reason, mist of error being removed, 
 
 modo venturus 
 Not only sees the future, but makes it to be ; 
 
 amplector sentio 
 
 And embracing ages [in] moments, perceives all things 
 Which men do, or conceive [in] bosom. 
 
 H4
 
 152 
 
 EXERCISE CVIII. 
 
 Aurea aetas. 
 
 exortus ora 
 
 When first arising into divine regions of light, 
 Man, pure [from] crime, inhabited the earth, 
 
 et insum venustas dat. 
 
 Then both vigour was [in] limbs, and grace [in] form, 
 
 rideo aliquid cceleste 
 And beauty in face smiled something heavenly, 
 
 vinco vel 
 Tongue of men surpassed even harps [in] sweetness, 
 
 insono 
 When thanks sounded to God [in] verse. 
 
 porto 
 
 Years bring not old age, and ruin of old age, 
 But sound mind is vigorous in sound body. 
 
 nee adhuc de 
 
 And not yet tears flow/rom fountain of grief; 
 Nor was death born from infernal parent. 
 
 latuere 
 Poverty and wealth were concealed under Stygian caves, 
 
 dedere pessum 
 
 Monsters which have ruined [our] rapid days. 
 Thee, also, O Fear, Orcus has contained in dire 
 waters,
 
 153 
 
 And no shade had known Tartarean ways. 
 
 adhuc premo intui; 
 
 But neither ay yet breast has learned to conceal within 
 [its] loves, 
 
 sumo 
 
 Nor grief has learned to wear smiles in countenance. 
 Image of deceitful friendship not yet [has learned] to 
 trado 
 betray, 
 Nor perfidious tongue, resembling true [tongue,] to 
 
 speak. 
 
 efferus nondum futurus 
 
 Cruel superstition [was] not yet nor [with] intended 
 
 slaughter patrius 
 
 Iphigenia had polluted paternal hands : 
 
 dans 
 But hand gave fruits and flowers to him who gives all 
 
 things, 
 And lips poured prayers, heart praying. 
 
 submitto pabulum 
 And earth [from] maternal bosom sent forth nutriment; 
 
 roscidus pi. 
 
 Rivers fgave] milk, oak gave deivy honey. 
 Moreover, Deity more present, ruled all things, 
 And Peace, and thou also ! O Love, the God of 
 Peace. 
 
 H 5
 
 EXERCISE CIX. 
 
 Die, age, tibia 
 Regina longum, Calliope, melos. 
 
 The sweet melody of the harp touches the breast 
 
 [\\ith] a charm, 
 
 And care, conquered by heavenly verse, flies. 
 When trumpets sound, the warrior in bright arms, 
 
 concitus 
 Animated, seeks battles [with] dauntless heart. 
 
 bardus 
 
 Once barbarous cohorts, the bard reciting, 
 incalesco plu. 
 
 Glowed for the battle [in] a wondrous manner : 
 
 in 
 Hence souls, prone to the sword, and capacious of 
 
 death, 
 Hence [they,] moved [by] wild songs, bear arms. 
 
 praebeo tormentum 
 
 Thou, O Music, dost a gentle violence to the severe, 
 And softenest with placid voice the breast of the 
 
 Sage: 
 Peleides wept violated love on harp, 
 
 And melody was able to lessen [his] cares. 
 Why should I mention Orpheus mournful, [his] wife 
 
 being twice ravished [from him,] 
 Whom Hymen scarcely joined [in] deadly bond ?
 
 155 
 
 When a barbarous land received a Roman poet, 
 
 Pleris 
 The Muse herself addresses the beloved man : 
 
 proprius 
 " Altho', O Son, Rome denies thee thy own Penates ; 
 
 ferus 
 " * And thou fliest an exile to wild fields of the 
 
 Thracians ; 
 " A companion always I will follow thee seeking 
 
 commanded places of Pontus, 
 " The solace and counsel of [thy] long flight. 
 " Neither fierce crowd, nor rivers of Ister frighten me, 
 
 culmen 
 " And storms and mountain-tops covered with hard 
 
 frost ; 
 
 sub. dat. pi. 
 
 " I will follow thee and when fears assail thy heart; 
 
 dextra sub. 
 " And barbarian hand spreads snares around ; 
 
 resurgo 
 
 " Then dear Rome shall rise again to thee distant 
 " And wife, seen [in] mindful breast, shall seek 
 thee ; 
 Ipsa x 
 
 " 1 myself will be present, bringing both rest and 
 song to [thy] grief, 
 vel 
 ' Even tears, the Muse accompanying, delight." 
 
 * Connect the words and and to " Inque." 
 H 6
 
 156 
 EXERCISE CX. 
 
 Eremita. 
 
 colens deserta 
 
 Turn [thy] foot, O inhabitant of the desert, and direct 
 [myj steps, 
 
 hucerna 
 Where the taper shines afar [in] shady vale ; 
 
 tesqua 
 For solitary and sad I wander, where wilds recede, 
 
 tsedia 
 
 And more wearisomeness of anxious way remains. 
 Farce 
 Forbear, O youth, to wander thro' these sad glooms, 
 
 The fugitive torch leads [thy] feet to death. 
 Here my gate of cell is never shut to the wretched, 
 
 licet 
 And what I have, although it be small, all is yours. 
 
 tu dapes brevis 
 
 Neither do you despise feast, nor* leisure of frugal 
 table. 
 
 cum 
 Neither do you despise grassy couches, witli prayer. 
 
 de 
 My right hand does not slay tender lamb from flock, 
 
 Repeat tu."
 
 ipse 
 For Deity spares nie, and / [spare] flock. 
 
 coactus 
 
 I bear delicacies collected from green mountain, 
 Sweet herb appeases hunger, and wave thirst. 
 
 phi. 
 
 Turn [thy] foot, therefore, O stranger, and rescue 
 yourself from cares, 
 pauca 
 
 A few things [are] enough for life, nor those few 
 things long. 
 
 de 
 His words fell as the dew from Heaven ; [with] modest 
 
 subeo cum 
 
 Assent the youth enters roofs, with the old man 
 
 EXERCISE CXI 
 
 biceps 
 
 [01 two-headed Jauus, whether thou venerable art 
 audis. nom. case 
 called Patulciiis, 
 
 oateo suscipio 
 
 For year is opened, and through thee begins [its] 
 course ;
 
 15S 
 
 vocat. case 
 
 Whether it is sweet to thee to be called " father of the 
 matutinus 
 morning" 
 
 prodeo reclusa 
 For day comes forth unlocked by thy key ; 
 
 dicor 
 Or rejoicing to be called Clusius with changed name 
 
 claudo 
 
 Thou closest year and work [w^A] thy auspices, 
 Give thyself placid to me, [O] origin of silently- 
 labens 
 gliding 
 
 Time, direct to [its] end whatever I may do : 
 Da arrideo. inf. secundus 
 
 Grant that fortune may smile on me [with] favouring 
 countenance, 
 
 noster commodus 
 
 And may my natal star shine propitious. 
 Quern mini nil 
 
 He whom fates prosper says, [3/ay] / have nothing to 
 
 cum 
 
 do with the wretched, 
 Ipse fugo sors 
 
 I myself spurn whom good/or^ne flies through life, 
 licet bardus 
 
 Though I be dull and stupid, there are weights in 
 
 chest, loco 
 
 And riches are to me in the stead of Muses.
 
 159 
 
 Dils mlquls 
 Alas ! the man born with hostile yods in vain suffers 
 
 cares, 
 
 He conceives prayers heard by none, 
 reformido ublque 
 
 He dreads all things with doubtful foot he everywhere 
 vacillo 
 stumbles, 
 
 caecus vitalis 
 
 Shunning obscure dangers of the way of life ; 
 infelix decido exspes 
 
 Tk? unhappy [man] fails hopeless [in his] just en- 
 deavours, 
 
 Quseque manca 
 
 And things which [his] hands do all powerless 
 ruo 
 go to destruction. 
 
 EXERCISE CXII. 
 
 Silentiutn. 
 
 pererro 
 Silent nymph, whether thou wanderest through grove- 
 
 plu. 
 or meadow, 
 
 magis 
 Whether day, or black night please thee rather ;
 
 160 
 
 O nymph, hail to me, may it be allowed to penetrate 
 
 recesses, 
 
 And with thee to stretch limbs [on] green bed. 
 For mountains are grateful to me, and silent groves, 
 *And, brief, alas ! repose of night will always be 
 
 grateful [to me.] 
 
 Ah ! may it be allowed to me to wander through wood 
 and rocks, 
 
 mordeo 
 
 Or where silent river wears away fields ; 
 O night, and silent nymph, gentle sisters, hail, 
 
 And moon, than which one lamp shines brighter. 
 Perhaps thy orbit, the duty of life being finished, 
 
 The slender crowd of shades, [O] Cynthia, inhabit. 
 There with you, both ye shades, and souls of the pious, 
 
 alloquium 
 
 May it be to me often to enjoy sublime converse. 
 May there be to me virtues, increased by your virtues, 
 
 And may it be allowed to participate your glory. 
 
 * The Homeric epithet applied to night, (6OHN lia, tux]*,) is 
 natural indeed.
 
 161 
 
 NOTES FOR VERSES*. 
 
 ya.6 UT' u.STz,i-'.7?i 
 
 I depart farewell, O Augusta ! 
 
 Farewell, splendid roofs, 
 Where care poisons pleasure, 
 
 Where poverty droops. 
 Alas, I pour sighs 
 
 My heart is oppressed with grief. 
 Poverty detains my steps, 
 
 My youth is given to sorrow. 
 Rude inclemency of lot holds me, 
 
 Care corrodes bosom. 
 O fields, beloved in vain, 
 
 Never shall I see you. 
 When young I am poor, 
 
 My old age may be rich. 
 
 * These " Notes for Verses," as it is stated in the Preface, 
 are intended for a further step in metrical instruction ; and, if 
 in any case they should appear too difficult, the pupil, it is pre- 
 sumed, would not find them so with the addition of a few Latin 
 phrases, the insertion of which is left to discretion.
 
 162 
 
 Rich and poor, I shall be unhappy, 
 
 Such is my fate. 
 Now, when I have health, I want money, 
 
 Soon rich, I shall want health. 
 
 II. 
 
 Magna quidem, sacris quee dat praecepta libellis 
 Victrix Fortunae Sapientia. 
 
 * Cease vain complaints, O man ! 
 
 Be grateful for undeserved blessings. 
 If thou wouldst live long, and see good days, 
 
 Put up thy prayer for wisdom. 
 All wisdom came forth from God, 
 
 And is with Him for ever. 
 She is the brightness of the everlasting light, 
 
 The mirror of his power, the image of his goodness. 
 She is the mother of fair love, 
 
 Of fear, knowledge, and holy hope. 
 Therefore, Wisdom, be companion of my life, 
 
 And grant me waters that cure all thirst. 
 
 * From the 7th Chapter of the Book of Wisdom, and from the 
 24th of Ecclesiasticus, the most striking poetical ideas might 
 be selected, for the improvement of this exercise.
 
 163 
 
 III. 
 
 Sit mese secies utinam senecUe. 
 Sit modus lasso maris. 
 
 Sailor returns home, 
 
 After long wanderings : 
 Here he wishes to pass life, 
 
 And to number happy days. 
 Soon offspring surround father, 
 
 To whom old man rejoices to relate actions. 
 A rustic from a sailor he reaps corn, 
 
 Or compels oxen to enter stall. 
 Meanwhile grey old age creeps on with silent foot, 
 
 He perishes, lamented by the good. 
 
 IV 
 
 Occultum quatiente anirao tortore flagellum. 
 
 Stars are witnesses of guilt, 
 
 Moon sees crimes by night. 
 He fears to pass over the deep in ship, 
 
 He shudders when Eurus roughens waters. 
 He feels Furies by land and by sea, 
 
 Which are accustomed to tear guilty bosom
 
 164 
 
 Why, O wretch, dost thou revolve these fears ? 
 
 Death wears not these terrors. 
 The good man unmoved sees the tomb, 
 
 And rejoices that the Deity is present to prayer. 
 Death for him opens gates to stars, 
 
 And gives joys and days without end. 
 
 V. 
 
 Debemur morti nos nostraque 
 
 While on the great theatre of life, 
 
 Man plays various parts. 
 Now the ambitious chief, 
 
 Now the hoarding miser, 
 Now the gloomy misanthrope, 
 
 Now the distracted lover. 
 In the midst of hopes and fears, 
 
 Joys and sorrows ; 
 Old age has hardly come on, 
 
 With swift though trembling foot, 
 Ere Death, like the shadow of age, 
 
 Drops the curtain over all.
 
 165 
 VI. 
 
 Vela damus, vastumque cavS trabe currimus aequor 
 
 Ardent love of enterprise 
 
 Inspires British sailor. 
 
 Cocceius 
 Hence Cook navigates distant seas, 
 
 And, led by Heaven, ploughs waters. 
 Now the hero traverses an ocean sown with islands, 
 
 And now he stops course on barbarous shore. 
 Even Palinurus often trembles in unknown waves, 
 
 And denies that he remembers watery way. 
 But hope elevated the breast of leader, 
 
 Fear fled the sailors, hope coming. 
 
 Parrius 
 Hence Parry defies Northern Pole, 
 
 And winters in beds of ice. 
 Yet prudence tempers courage, 
 
 And serious cares are relieved by mirth. 
 Leaders share toils of sailors, 
 
 And refine and augment their pleasures. 
 Truly wise, who prove their fear of God, 
 
 By admitting no other fear ; 
 Truly kind, who smooth the path of danger, 
 
 Bv social love of mankind.
 
 166 
 VII. 
 
 Te, dulcis conjux, te solo in littore secum, 
 Te veniente die, te decedente canebat. 
 
 I should not wish to change suns for darkness, 
 
 And airs and ethereal days ; 
 If my wife were a companion to me on earth, 
 
 Whom Hymen has scarcely joined in bond. 
 But the sun is heavy to him who mourns his wife 
 
 And night is to be preferred to stars. 
 O thou, who rulest gloomy Tartarus, 
 
 Whom spectres and furies obey ; 
 Restore her, whom a husband reclaims ; 
 
 Ye sad kingdoms, retain us both. 
 Restore two to life, or joy in their death, 
 
 Let husband and wife go one journey. 
 
 VIII*. 
 
 Nescio qua natale solum dulcedine tangit. 
 
 Let other lands boast myrtle groves, 
 
 Fragrant with bright summer 
 Dearer to me the hills of heath, 
 
 And the brook winding below. 
 
 * It is suggested, for the decision of the teacher, that the ori- 
 ginal English poems from which some of these * NOTES" have 
 ventured to borrow their ideas, might be advantageously substi-
 
 167 
 
 Though the breeze be warm in their valleys, 
 
 And roughen our waves ; 
 
 Though cedars embower their homes who inhabits 
 them? 
 
 The slave and the tyrant. 
 Their spicy woods, and rich waters, 
 
 The Scot despises 
 Free as the wind upon the mountains, 
 
 His only chain is love. 
 
 IX. 
 Idem, aliter 
 
 Beats there so cold a heart, 
 
 As never in transport to have cried, 
 
 tuted for them, in particular instances ; and where the pupil has 
 completely mastered the preliminary difficulties of versification. 
 And it is obvious to remark, that where those poems, in their 
 own form and beauty, can be rendered into Latin verse with any 
 due effect, the young scholar is then well prepared for still 
 higher efforts. If it should be thought by any one, that injustice 
 is done to these exquisite little pieces, by thus endeavouring to 
 adapt them to boyish Latin translation ; the friend, to whom 
 the author of this book consigned the care of its publication, 
 thinks it right to say, that he is answerable for these additions 
 and that he has made them with the view of still further stimu- 
 lating young minds to the study of such inimitable models. An 
 opportunity also will thus be afforded to the teacher, of con- 
 trasting what is capable of classical adaptation, with what 
 possesses a wilder and more Gothic beauty of its own.
 
 168 
 
 (Returning from foreign shores,) 
 
 " This is my own native land ?" 
 If such there lives Oh pity him ! 
 
 His are not the glories of nature 
 His are not the raptures of song 
 
 Friendship has but a feeble glow in his bosom ; 
 And what has he to do with love ? 
 
 And who shall weep over his tomb ? 
 
 DebitS spargas lacrymzl favillam 
 
 Vatis amici. 
 
 Deem it not an empty tale ; 
 
 Their faith is true, 
 Who believe that when the bard expires, 
 
 Nature herself has a voice of sorrow. 
 Who believe that lofty rocks, 
 
 And deep caverns lament 
 Who hear his song yet in the river, 
 
 And listen to him at night in the wood.
 
 169 
 
 XI. 
 
 Idem, alitr. 
 
 Lift thy bare hills, 
 
 Proudly stretch out thy valleys 
 Swell thy many fountains, 
 
 And wave thy purple heaths 
 But, Scotland ! where is he, 
 
 The bard, worthy of thy rocks ? 
 Yes, thy dark pines may tower, 
 
 Thy cold streams glitter 
 Summer may call forth thy blossoms, 
 
 Thy birds warble as before 
 But their voice will break my heart, 
 
 For they recall the departed 
 They speak of him, silent in the grave, 
 
 Worthy alone to sing for thee. 
 
 XII. 
 
 Tc sequar, obscurum per iter. 
 
 " Beautiful were the thickets on thy banks. 
 
 Mountain stream of Yarra, 
 When, by thee, I met my lover 
 
 How deso'ate are they now ! 
 i
 
 170 
 
 How dreary is thy wave, 
 
 That buries him beneath ! 
 He promised me gifts of love, 
 
 A steed to bear me to his home 
 A ring the pledge of our uniou 
 
 Ah ! destined for to-morrow 
 We met in tenderness 
 
 We parted in sorrow 
 The shade of the dead 
 
 Appeared to me when he was gone 
 His mother looked out upon the wood, 
 
 His sister walked along the green path 
 They saw nothing but darkness, 
 
 They heard nothing but the waters : 
 Look out no more, fond mother ! 
 
 Walk no more on that path, tender sister ! 
 He has not wandered in the forest 
 
 He has sunk in cruel Yarra. 
 I will not cease to weep 
 
 I will not love again 
 I will seek thee in the stream, 
 
 And sleep with thee there." 
 She kept her melancholy faith- 
 They rest together in Yarra.
 
 171 
 
 XII 
 
 Hoc est 
 
 Vivere bis, vita posse priore frui- 
 
 There are roses by the Tigris, 
 
 And the nightingale sings among them- 
 I dreamt the dream of childhood 
 
 Amid that odour and sound. 
 
 Now, when alone in spring, 
 
 I recall the scene 
 And ask, ' Are the roses there yet ? 
 
 " Is the nightingale still singing ?" 
 No, the rose of my youth has withered, 
 
 The nightingale of my youth is silent 
 But memory draws out of delight 
 
 A fragrance that breathes of it 
 And my soul ever enjoys 
 
 The bower by the Tigris. 
 
 XIV. 
 Idem, 
 
 On the margin of the lake, 
 
 The fisherman at summer twilight, 
 I 2
 
 172 
 
 Sees beneath him in the waters 
 Strong towera shining 
 
 Thus, sublimely dreaming, 
 Memory glances o'er the past 
 
 And, gazing on the stream of time, 
 Sees glory through it. 
 
 XV. 
 
 ultra 
 
 Littora Juvernae. 
 
 There was an exile on the beach, 
 
 A wanderer of Erin 
 The sun rose over the ocean, 
 
 And lighted the green isle. 
 Ah ! said the young and unhappy, 
 
 The wolf and the wild stag 
 Have a covert in the forest, 
 
 But I have no home. 
 Dear country ! I see thee in my sleep, 
 
 My dreams are on thy shore 
 But I wake in a strange land, 
 
 And sigh for my friend 
 My brothers ! died ye in my defence, 
 
 Or live ye in chains ? 
 Where is my cabin ? stands it by the wood, 
 
 Or did my sisters weep over its burning ruins ?
 
 173 
 
 Where is my mother ? Ah ! flow, ye tears, 
 Ye cannot recall dead pleasure. 
 
 But when this heart is as dead, 
 
 May'st thou still be green, dear Isle ! 
 
 May thy bards strike the harp, 
 For freedom and for thee. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 'Ex A/; uo^u/jLifla- xai It A/a tr&Cf n;.i3:y 
 
 Work is over may Deity prosper 
 
 Work and workmen resting on Him 
 By various ways His glory advances ; 
 
 Ways, at first different, meet in one end. 
 Cultivated mind honours Him by culture, 
 
 Rude breast breathes honest prayers 
 Fable of gods, and changeable heathen error, 
 
 Shed light on steady truth. 
 Cloud is removed in divine volume, 
 
 That covered the face of ancient things. 
 Ogygian waters recall general deluge, 
 
 Slain victim expresses conscious guilt ; 
 Speaks, from all earth, one great atonement, 
 
 And strengthens faith by fears of infidelity 
 Work is over may Deity prosper 
 
 Work and workmen resting on Him. 
 
 I 3
 
 NOTES 
 
 REFERRED TO IN THE PRECEDING PAGE& 
 
 " The Hours;' &c. Page 53. 
 
 IN limiting the hours to twelve, the allusion is made to the 
 visible dial, as in giving them a voice, to the modern clock 
 The Greek, or probably we may say with more correctness the 
 Oriental, 'tya, is a word of the most extended antiquity and lati- 
 tude of import. It appears to have originally implied Beauty 
 in theabstract,lhus fija irtt^The season of the year *&*' V^w, 
 The flowering and the fruiting, or enjoyable season; comprising 
 the confirmed spring and summer, which the French appear to 
 have met by their combination of the two words " Horn Prima" 
 into " La Primeur" the prime hour, or, as we say, The prime 
 of loveliness. And thus the flja/ of the Greeks, and Houris of 
 the Turks, and the UK v/t<r<rv imported by the English crusaders 
 from their Saracen foes originally implied. Astrologers by 
 marking the natal 'fij, appear to have balanced it against m^n. 
 For as the latter, unqualified by an epithet, is generally used in 
 the sense of misfortune, so the former, left to itself, would imply 
 " Good Fortune.' 1 '' 
 
 The old and expressive French " Heur" good fortune, is 
 now worn out, but its adjective " heureux," which is, strictly 
 speaking, " that vchich pertains to the hour" survives with the 
 feeling of " happy," and its adverb " Iieureusement," literally 
 " hourly," means " happily." But the adjuncts " Bon" and 
 " MaF' are now necessary to the original word " heur," which 
 appears only to live in the ancient adage " 11 n'y a qu' heur et
 
 176 NOTES. 
 
 malheur." Whether the Horse of this trifle are confounded 
 with Fortune and the Fates, and where their several functions 
 have a beginning and an end, is another question. 
 
 " With whose leaf," &c. Page 57. 
 
 Besides the young and vigorous who sought and found a field 
 of battle in the holy land, the devout and peaceable frequently 
 made pilgrimages, in token of which they returned with boughs 
 of palms from the vale of Edom. Hence they obtained the name 
 of palmers, a description of sacred travellers, or pilgrims, 
 which our olden poetry in general, and the muse of Spenser in 
 particular, has immortalized, as grave, wise, and holy. The 
 palm, in general, had precedence over every other tree ; for 
 while peculiar boughs were consecrated to certain gods, and 
 certain games, the palm was appropriate to all. But of this 
 noble tree the finest description grew in the vale of Edom. 
 Hence to describe the palm in general, Virgil refers it to the 
 soil where it grew in greatest luxuriance. 
 
 " Primus Idumseas referam tibi Mantua palmas." 
 
 in such honour this majestic tree is still held, that its adjec- 
 tive palmy, is used by Shakspeare for triumphant, and " to 
 bear the palm" means to have the ascendant or superiority. 
 
 But besides these modern and ancient glories attached to it, 
 this empress of trees has ennobled a city, a country, and a colour. 
 Tadmor, or Palmyra, the city of Palms, beautiful in its sur- 
 rounding shades, refreshing from its waters, and surprising from 
 the charm and splendour with which, even in these days, it in- 
 vests the desert, is, or should be, an object of curiosity to every 
 inquiring mind. From its Greek name, Qanit, tpaivixn [>yn] or 
 Phoenicia, the land of Palms, derives its appellation ; and the 
 vegetable, or nobler red dye, (the colour consecrated to empire,) 
 is supposed to be expressed from the palm, and hence ^omnic,! , 
 in Latin puniceus, red. 
 
 If the above be thought a digression, the following, it will be 
 allowed, is immediately connected with my subject. 
 
 It will be observed, by comparing the Latin with the Greek
 
 NOTES. 
 
 177 
 
 originals, how great is the disregard to quantity common to a 
 people who speak a derived language. Without inquiring 
 whether the Greeks pronounced the strong aspirates in iroQtw, 
 or even that in <pan%, the Latins not only dropped them, but in 
 the word punicus, which is chiefly applied to signify the sup- 
 posed bad faith of the Afric Phosnicians, (punica fides.) and 
 punfcfus, to distinguish the superiority of the Phoenician scarlet. 
 The metrical derivation from Qonixn and f/<xaf, is very remark- 
 able. 1 had once noted down a few words, out of very many, 
 which shared the same fate in passing from the original Hellenic 
 into the Latin, but having lost the paper, shall content myself 
 with one palpable and one more recondite example. Thus, 
 xftiiriSif after suffering two violences, is hardly cognizable in the 
 Latin crepidse ; and if it be true that r^ti is the term for a 
 flight and almost imperceptible net, wherein to catch little birds, 
 (an invention inestimable before that of gunpowder,) i* TJ^&O 
 ami, would be transformed into " eztricare," in English more 
 correctly pronounced, " to extricate" and It S^' v v, any thing 
 perplexed or involved in such a net, descriptive of the net itself, 
 " intricate. The verb " to intricate," which should balance 
 " to extricate" by some caprice of language, is not in existence ; 
 but the substantive " intrigue," and " intrigo," are French, 
 English, and Italian. It means an " entanglement," and an 
 " Intriguer," an entangler, and so its supposed Greek origin 
 would have them. Whether the more household word " Trick,'' 
 is of the same family, I shall not here inquire. 
 
 " Being veiled," &c. Page 98. 
 
 The most ancient and oriental custom of conducting the bride 
 shrouded in a veil, xa.\v-rr^at, to the house of the bridegroom, 
 had extended not only to Palestine, Greece, and Rome, but to 
 the languages, if not to the practice, of modern times. Hence 
 in the ancient Latin the word " Nupta," which simply means 
 " the shrouded, or veiled," signifies " a bride ;" and hence, 
 even in Protestant countries, where the veil, except by the 
 highest orders, is laid aside at the altar. The term " nuptials," 
 which implies the " rite or ceremony of the veil," is still in com- 
 mon use. Being thus conducted to her new home, the bride of 
 Palestine, of Greece, and of ancient Italy, presented herself on
 
 178 NOTES. 
 
 the third day " unveiled?" to her own friends, and those of her 
 husband ; and hence arose another solemnity, called by the 
 Greeks TO. aya*aXir]/ liaa, the " Solemnity of the Unveiling." 
 Hence, John, Cap. II. v. 1, would, were the two elleipses sup- 
 plied, read thus, " And the third day (after the solemnity of the 
 veil, i. e>, the marriage,) there was a marriage (feast, or festival 
 ' of unveiling,') in Cana of Galilee," <$c. 
 See Toup, in a note on Longinus, Cap. 4.
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Frinte.'. by WILLIAM (LOWES, 
 S;amt"ord-ocreet,
 

 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
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