LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Class SS4-S 
 
 **> 
 
of 
 
FRANCIS HOPKINSON SMITH 
 
The Representative 
 
 Authors of Maryland 
 
 From the Earliest Time to the Present Day With 
 
 Biographical Notes and Comments 
 
 Upon Their Work. 
 
 BY 
 
 HENRY E. SHEPHERD, M.A., LL.D., 
 
 Formerly Superintendent of Instruction, Baltimore, Md., and President of 
 
 the College of Charleston, S. C. Author of " History of the 
 
 English Language," "Life of Robert E. Lee," 
 
 "Commentary upon Tennyson s In 
 
 Memoriam, " etc., etc. 
 
 NEW YORK 
 WHITEHALL PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 MCMXI 
 
COPYRIGHT 1911 BY 
 WHITEHALL PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
To 
 THE PEOPLE OF MARYLAND 
 
 This work, designed to portray and perpetuate 
 
 their intellectual and spiritual ideals, 
 
 as illustrated in their literature 
 
 from the earliest time to 
 
 the present day 
 
 IS DEDICATED 
 
 with the loyal regard and earnest good wishes of 
 THE AUTHOR 
 
 222668 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This volume was prepared as the result of a move 
 ment begun on Maryland Day, March 25, 1909. The 
 State Board of Education had assigned as a special 
 topic for the day, "Maryland s Contribution to 
 American Literature." To consider this subject, a 
 meeting was held at the Johns Hopkins University, 
 at which a committee was appointed to formulate 
 plans for promoting a more general knowledge and 
 appreciation of Maryland history and literature. It 
 was here that the author of this volume conceived the 
 idea of preparing a critical and descriptive account 
 of the representative literary workers of the State of 
 Maryland from its settlement to the present time. 
 
 Later, this special committee became merged, for 
 similar effort, in the Randall Literary-Memorial 
 Association, which aims to cherish the memory of 
 James Ryder Randall, the author of the State anthem 
 and, therefore, the most distinctive Maryland writer; 
 and to associate with his name a "disinterested en 
 deavor to learn and propagate the best that is known 
 and thought in Maryland." 
 
 The committee commends this work of Dr. Shep 
 herd to the public as a valuable presentation of the 
 
literary productiveness of the State, a fair propor 
 tion of which has won an abiding place in the com 
 prehensive field of English literature; while much 
 more that is worthy of remembrance has been neg 
 lected, or even forgotten. It is believed that this vol 
 ume will serve the better to unite the present with the 
 past through the record of its writers, and to stimu 
 late the best endeavors of the literary workers of 
 the future. 
 
 ALLEN S. WILL, 
 RIDGELY B. WARFIELD, 
 MATTHEW PAGE ANDREWS. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 It is the object of this book to present an outline 
 of the literature of Maryland from the earliest time 
 to the period of which we form a part, as it is illus 
 trated in the characteristic works of her representa 
 tive authors in prose and in poetry. Treatises upon 
 law, physical science and medicine, as well as school 
 or text books of whatever description, are not in 
 cluded as none of these classes falls within an accu 
 rate definition or conception of representative litera 
 ture. 
 
 The chronological order of arrangement has been 
 adhered to both on account of its simplicity and con 
 venience, and for the stronger reason that it exhibits 
 the continuous evolution of the intellectual life of the 
 state from the time of Father White to the advent 
 of Poe, Kennedy, Miles, Palmer, Lanier, Randall and 
 those who still abide with us. It is the specific aim 
 of the work to afford a just and discriminating view 
 of representative authors. A cyclopedia or diction 
 ary of literature is not contemplated, but rather an 
 estimate and appreciation of those writers who by 
 charm of style, purity of ideals, loftiness and range 
 of subjects, interpretative faculty and power of il 
 lumination have glorified the vocation of literature 
 and made it honorable. 
 
 In the preparation of this book the principle of 
 liberality in the admission of authors has been ap 
 plied to the utmost limit consistent with the dignity 
 of the subject and the truly representative character 
 which it aspires to maintain. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Preface 7 
 
 Introduction 9 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 Literature in England, 1632-1634, and Early Writers of 
 Maryland 17 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 Literary Development in Maryland During the First 
 Half of the Nineteenth Century 27 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 The Development of an American Literature; Its Growth 
 
 in Maryland 37 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 
 Literature in Maryland from the Middle of the Nineteenth 
 Century to the Period Succeeding the War Between 
 the States 49 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 Special Writers of Note in Maryland During the 
 Middle of the Nineteenth Century 65 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 
 Representative Maryland Authors of the Close of the 
 Nineteenth Century 91 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 
 Women Writers of Maryland During the Last Half of 
 the Nineteenth Century and the First Decade of the 
 Twentieth 113 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 Maryland Authors of the Latter Part of the Nineteenth 
 
 and the First Part of the Twentieth Century 139 
 
 Supplementary List of Maryland Authors 207 
 
 Index 227 
 
PAGE. 
 
 FRANCIS HOPKINSON SMITH Frontispiece 
 
 EDGAR ALLAN POE 36 
 
 SIDNEY LANIER 64 
 
 JAMES RYDER RANDALL 112 
 
LITERATURE IN ENGLAND, 1632-1634, AND EARLY 
 WRITERS OF MARYLAND. 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 LITERATURE IN ENGLAND, 1632-1634, AND EARLY 
 WRITERS OF MARYLAND. 
 
 When the colonists under the direction of Leonard 
 Calvert established themselves at St. Mary s in March, 
 1634, the literary development of the mother country 
 was still proceeding along the great distinctive lines 
 that had been marked out during the times of Eliza 
 beth and James I. Shakespeare had been dead for 
 eighteen years and the second folio edition of his plays 
 appeared in 1632, not far from the date at which the 
 charter of Maryland, with its almost unqualified 
 sovereignty, was bestowed upon the family of the 
 Calverts. In 1634 John Milton was in his youth. 
 L Allegro and // Penseroso first saw the light in 1632, 
 while the matchless Masque of Comus was produced 
 at Ludlow Castle in September, 1634, just six months 
 after the landing at St. Clement s. 
 
 Maryland was settled during the long interval that 
 was contemporary with the suspension of parliamen 
 tary government in England, 1628-1640. The com 
 plex forces of absolutism in Church as in State were 
 gravitating toward the supreme crisis of 1642. 
 Lycidas was issued in 1638. Its value and significance 
 as an historical revelation do not suffer by comparison 
 with the riches of its classic graces or the charm of its 
 
i8 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 rhythm and, above all, its trumpet toned notes, the pre 
 lude and harbinger of the fast coming conflict. Under 
 the order which prevailed in 1632-34 the royalist or 
 cavalier poets enjoyed an almost untempered ascend 
 ency. Milton was like a star and dwelt apart. His 
 rising came with the Long Parliament and the Crom- 
 wellian supremacy. The time under consideration 
 was the golden day of the cavalier bards, Herrick, 
 Suckling, Carew, Crashaw, Lovelace and Waller. 
 
 There is no reason to doubt that some of the colon 
 ists of 1634 were men who had been trained in accord 
 ance with the purest scholastic standards which pre 
 vailed during the seventeenth century. Sir George 
 Calvert was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, and 
 his cultured tastes and sympathies may be traced in 
 the documents, official and personal, that issued from 
 his pen. There is at least a strong possibility that 
 contemporary editions of the foremost English classics, 
 in poetry and in prose, found their way to Maryland 
 with the earliest colonists or at times not long subse 
 quent to 1634. 
 
 That the colonial settlers in Maryland, Virginia and 
 the Carolinas were not devoid of intellectual symp 
 athies and literary appreciation is attested by more 
 than one infallible proof. Notable in the roll of wit 
 nesses may be named the Journal of a Young Lady of 
 Virginia, 1782, edited by Miss Emily Mason in 1871. 
 The book in question was carried from Virginia into 
 Maryland by the young girl for whose entertainment it 
 had been writen upon the occasion of her marriage into 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 19 
 
 one of the historic families of the State. The youth 
 ful Virginian moved in the circles adorned by the 
 Washingtons and Lees during the closing decades of 
 the eighteenth century. This sprightly and vivacious 
 journalist has not her eye fixed upon posterity and 
 stands not in awe of the indolent and irresponsible re 
 viewer. Amid her gushing girlish glee and with a 
 spontaneity as exuberant as that of Shakespeare s lark 
 when he sang at the gate of Heaven, there "runs 
 through all this fleshly dress" a finely touched spirit of 
 literary discernment, current authors, the recent ro 
 mances, the latest novels Evelina and Cecilia, with an 
 occasional reversion to the earlier day, a eulogy upon 
 Pope and a panegyric upon Farquhar. It is significant 
 that the purest types at that time developed in English 
 literature are passed under review by a girl of the 
 colonial-revolutionary era, then in her teens, and that 
 every comment reveals, if not critical or elaborate at 
 tainment, at least genuine enthusiasm and appreciation. 
 The history of literature in Maryland must have a 
 specific and definite beginning in individual authors 
 whose lives and labors are in some form associated 
 with the origin and early development of the colony. 
 The influences that stimulated to literary activity in all 
 the original states received their origin and inspiration 
 from ancestral sources, from the culture, standards 
 and ideals of the mother country. The entire colonial 
 period was a time of struggle against the fierceness of 
 untamed physical nature, the forest and the savage, of 
 political unrest and crude experiment. 
 
.20 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 In the strict acceptation of logic and of language 
 there did not exist an American or a Maryland liter 
 ature until the close of the Revolution and the coming 
 of the new order which assured the autonomy of the 
 colonies and heralded the advent of a national life. 
 Still there were writers, theological, political, contro 
 versial, sometimes explorers and geographers like 
 Hakluyt, Father White, or men of purely scientific 
 temperament like Hariot, the friend of Sir Walter 
 Raleigh in his endeavors to found an English nation 
 upon the coast of North Carolina. To the student of 
 Maryland history the name of Father White is espe 
 cially rich in interest and he may be described, with 
 out the suspicion of exaggeration, as the patriarch of 
 literature in the colony planted by the Calverts. 
 
 Rev. Andrew White was a native of London (born 
 1579, died 1656). At an early age he entered the 
 Society of Jesus or Order of Jesuits. Nature seems 
 to have endowed him with a genius for exploration 
 and discovery as well as the zeal for the conversion of 
 savage races that was revealed in the life and labors 
 of St. Francis Xavier. When he came to Maryland 
 with the colony under the direction of Leonard Calvert 
 he was already moving toward his sixtieth year. 
 During his residence in the newly settled land he de 
 voted himself to the conversion of the Indians and 
 with the true spirit of the missionary of the Cross 
 applied his energies to the acquisition of their crude 
 and bewildering speech, preparing a grammar and 
 vocabulary of the Timuquana dialect. From the 
 
AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 21 
 
 secular administration of the colony he held himself 
 aloof. In 1644, during the Claiborne complications, 
 he was imprisoned and sent to London in irons. 
 
 The claim of Father White to the distinction of 
 literary patriarch of Maryland rests upon his Relatio 
 Itineris in Marylandiam; Declaratio Coloniae Domini 
 Baronis de Baltimore and Excerpta ex Diver sis Lit- 
 teris Missionarium ab Anno 1635 ad Annum 1638. 
 These have been reproduced in English under the aus 
 pices of the Maryland Historical Society in two trans 
 lations, one the work of N. E. Brooks, LL.D., 1846, 
 the other executed by Rev. E. A. Dalyrymple, D. D., 
 1874 (or by a capable and discriminating scholar under 
 his supervision). 
 
 Father White s Relatio assumes rightful rank as one 
 of the treasures of our colonial literature. The reader 
 who follows it with minute regard to its essential 
 characteristics will at times recall the description of 
 primitive Germany given by Julius Caesar and the ac 
 count of his South American explorations which that 
 lord of Elizabethan style, Sir Walter Raleigh, has left 
 upon record in his work upon Guiana. The same 
 clearness of vision, accuracy of perception and mastery 
 of detail are exhibited in the narratives of each of these 
 explorers, one the foremost creative intellect of the 
 Roman world, the other a contemporary of Shakes 
 peare and Bacon, the third a Jesuit Father who accom 
 panied Leonard Calvert to Maryland in 1634, and with 
 whom the roll of representative authors associated 
 with the State finds a definite and assured beginning. 
 
22 AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 The literary development of Maryland during the 
 seventeenth or first century of her history does not 
 draw to a close with the brilliant and isolated example 
 of Father White. The dissensions and controversies 
 of the age, whether in the ecclesiastical or political 
 sphere, in Church or in State, were a provocation or a 
 stimulus to literary activity. Slanders and libels in 
 reference to the character of more than one of the colo 
 nies were at times disseminated in the mother country 
 and these assaults upon their good name in some in 
 stances elicited forceful and effective rejoinders, whose 
 intrinsic excellence accords them recognition in the 
 chronicle of State literature. Notable as an illustra 
 tion is the work of John Hammond, whose volume, 
 entitled Leah and Rachael was published in 1656. 
 
 Hammond had settled in America as early as 1635 
 and after a somewhat prolonged residence in Virginia 
 he cast his lot with the Maryland colonists. When he 
 had made his home among them for twenty-one years 
 he felt impelled to write a book vindicating the good 
 name of the State and denying the falsehoods "that had 
 blinded and kept off many from going thither, whose 
 miseries and misfortunes by staying in England are 
 much to be pitied." The work, as its title implies and 
 its subject matter sets forth, is designed to allegorize 
 or symbolize the ancient amity or friendship that pre 
 vailed between Maryland and Virginia. The "book 1 
 is reproduced in the Peter Force Historical Tracts 
 and is rich in interest from every point of view, ling 
 uistic, literary and historical. He who wishes to 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 23 
 
 realize the inner life of Maryland during the middle of 
 the seventeenth century will find it no unprofitable task 
 to devote time to its perusal. 
 
 Hammond, however, does not exhaust the record of 
 literary worthies associated with the colony during the 
 first century of its vigorous and expanding growth. 
 
 George Alsop (born 1638) made his home in the 
 colonies in his early days. He is the author of Charac 
 ter of the Province of Maryland and Colonial Prose 
 and Poetry. 
 
 Rev. Thomas Bray (born in England, 1656 died 
 1730) is a characteristic and notable figure of the 
 colonial age, in North Carolina, as well as in Maryland. 
 He devoted himself to establishing the Anglican 
 Church in the colonies and was the earliest advocate of 
 a public library in Maryland, To his energy and en 
 thusiasm may be attributed the foundation of parochial 
 libraries at leading points in this State as well as in 
 other colonies. 
 
 Alexander Hamilton (born 1712 died 1756) by 
 birth a Scotchman, by profession a physician, edited the 
 Maryland Gazette. Hamilton was also the author of 
 An Itinerariitm or Account of a Journey Through the 
 Middle and Northern Colonies in 1744. 
 
 The period preceding the War of the Revolution, 
 with the complex political issues that it involved, is no 
 longer unrevealed. It stands before the eyes of the 
 
24 AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 
 
 colonists in clear and even fierce light. Literary pro 
 ductivity, in so far as it is not extinct, must be largely 
 colored by the atmosphere of prevailing controversy 
 and the struggle for supremacy on the part of the new 
 incoming order to which the old was soon to yield 
 place. Notably is this characteristic tendency illus 
 trated in the polemics of Charles Carroll of Carrollton 
 and the elder Dulaney. With Yorktown political 
 autonomy, and the development of a national spirit, 
 the way is leading not only to the development of a 
 Maryland literature, distinctive and differentiated, but 
 to a type that may be justly described as American. 
 
 In so far as the new era is related to Maryland Jt 
 will herald the event of Poe, weird, but resistless, 
 and the rise of our most representative master of prose 
 fiction, John P. Kennedy, who was born during the 
 last decade of the eighteenth century, in 1795. 
 
n 
 
 LITERARY DEVELOPMENT IN MARYLAND DURING 
 
 THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH 
 
 CENTURY. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 LITERARY DEVELOPMENT IN MARYLAND DURING 
 
 THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH 
 
 CENTURY. 
 
 It should be borne in mind that the present work 
 is not a dictionary or cyclopedia of the literature of 
 Maryland but an endeavor to present an outline of 
 her intellectual life and development as they are re 
 vealed in the characteristic productions of her repre 
 sentative authors in prose and poetry. 
 
 Much that is best and most abiding in the literature 
 of Maryland falls within the period extending from 
 the beginning of the nineteenth century to the coming 
 of the great national conflict, that is, from 1800 to 1861. 
 During these six decades the greater part of the 
 literary labors associated with the names of Pinkney, 
 Poe, Kennedy, Welby, and Miles was wrought into 
 form and the earliest school of historians of Mary 
 land, Bozman, McSherry and McMahon, laid the 
 foundations upon which later and riper researches 
 have in large measure rested and from which they 
 have drawn the quickening spirit that led to the 
 broader and richer generalizations of our contem 
 porary day. Within the first half of this century 
 there appeared The Pleasures of Religion and Other 
 Poems, 1833 ; Zenosius or the Pilgrim Convert, 1845 ; 
 Aletheia; St. Ignatius and His First Companions; etc. 
 
28 AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 
 
 These early efforts of the sacred muse in Baltimore 
 were the work of Rev. Charles Constantine Pise, 
 D.D., for years associated with the clergy of the 
 Cathedral. Father Pise s introductory poem, dedi 
 cated to Washington Irving, is marked by unusual 
 grace of conception as well as ease of versification 
 and reveals the author in an attractive light, generous 
 in culture, broad and catholic in the range of his 
 sympathies. It will be observed that his literary 
 chronology is nearly coincident with that of Poe. 
 
 In the foremost files of Maryland, if not of Ameri 
 can poets who fell in the mere dawning of their 
 promise and power, stands Edward Coote Pinkney 
 (born in London 1802 died in Baltimore 1828), son 
 of the renowned advocate and statesman William Pink 
 ney. His life in the number of its years was a parallel 
 to that of his English contemporary, John Keats. He 
 was by profession a lawyer, but as with Miles and 
 Lanier, the love of literature was the dominant passion. 
 His premature death blighted the rich promise of his 
 early days. Potentially he is one of the master lights of 
 American song. In sweetness and grace of art his 
 Health, addressed to a lady of Baltimore, will not lose 
 its lustre when brought into comparison with the 
 purest fantasies of the lyrists of the seventeenth cen 
 tury or those lords of ancient melody, whose strains 
 survive by transmission or reproduction, in a secular 
 ized and unresponsive world. 
 
 Pinkney s masterpiece elicited from Poe a generous 
 and unqualified tribute in his "Lecture on the Poetic 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 29 
 
 Principle/ delivered in 1847. The Song and The 
 Serenade are justly accounted among his finer flights 
 but Health y in its special sphere, is alone in American 
 poetry. Pinkney may be described with no touch of 
 exaggeration as the "young Lycidas" of our Mary 
 land literary history. An edition of his works ap 
 peared in 1825.* 
 
 The earlier historians of Maryland are worthy of 
 more than casual reference or conventional eulogy. 
 Each one of the school, Bozman, McSherry and Mc- 
 Mahon, devoted himself especially to the origin and 
 development of his native state and is animated by a 
 strong sentiment of local attachment, loyalty to her 
 ideals and manly pride in her ancient fame and un 
 sullied record. 
 
 First on the roll of her chroniclers is John Leeds 
 Bozman (born 1757 died 1823). His "Memoirs" 
 were written by Dr. Samuel Alexander Harrison, a 
 cultured physician who applied himself to the pursuit 
 of literature as well as to the practice of his science. 
 Bozman, like McSherry and McMahon, was by pro 
 fession a lawyer. His History of Maryland from its 
 First Settlement, 1633, to the Restoration, 1660, with 
 a copious introduction, notes and illustrations, was 
 not published until 1837, fourteen years after his 
 death. His Sketch of the History of Maryland ap 
 peared in 1811. Bozman is deserving of that special 
 
 * His brother, Frederick Pinkney, a member of the Bal 
 timore bar (1804-1873) was the author of poems which won 
 popular favor during the dramatic period of the War be 
 tween the States, 1861-65. 
 
30 AUTHORS OE MARYLAND 
 
 recognition which is the meed of the pioneer in every 
 sphere and is perhaps more hardly won in the un- 
 traversed ranges of historic exploration than in any 
 of the fields that have been claimed and conquered 
 by the genius of modern research. 
 
 James McSherry, second in this early historic 
 circle, was a native of Frederick, Md. (born 1819 
 died 1869). Father Laval or the Jesuit Missionary 
 and his History of Maryland from 1634 to 1848 ( 1904) 
 represent the work that was accomplished during his 
 comparatively brief term of active life. The periods to 
 which he principally dedicated himself were for the 
 most part but imperfectly revealed until a time nearer 
 the present day. His History of Maryland has been 
 continued and its value increased by Dr. B. B. James, 
 (1904) a critical researcher and investigator who is 
 in harmony with the scientific methods that prevail in 
 the historic centers of the modern world. 
 
 John Van Lear McMahon (born 1800 died 
 1871), won fame in his profession, the law, was a 
 master of oratory and in the element of style is per 
 haps the most attractive of the early historians of 
 Maryland. His Historical View of the Government 
 of Maryland, 1831, is marked by a clear and vigorous 
 rasp of the subject as well as an effective and at 
 times even brilliant command of language. Above 
 all docs this comment hold good of his tribute to his 
 own profession for the part played in resisting the 
 
AUTHORS OE MARYLAND 31 
 
 encroachments of tyranny and in withstanding the 
 aggressiveness of arbitrary power during the critical 
 epochs of constitutional expansion and political de 
 velopment. 
 
 An especial place must be reserved in the history 
 of Maryland literature for the author of the national 
 anthem, however the song may be estimated from 
 the viewpoint of poetical excellence. 
 
 Francis Scott Key (born 1780 died 1843), was 
 a native of Frederick county and educated at St. 
 John s College, Annapolis. He was by profession a 
 lawyer. His life was passed in Washington. He 
 died in Frederick. The fame of Key is principally 
 associated with his authorship of The Star Spangled 
 Banner but this is by no means his only venture into 
 the realm of the muses nor his greatest achievement 
 when contemplated from the standpoint of literary art. 
 
 Hymn 443 of the collection in use in the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church is the work of Key and was com 
 posed in 1823. Even taking into account the widely 
 varying nature of the subjects involved, this, his sole 
 essay in the field of hymnology, displays a higher de 
 gree of poetic sensibility and more delicate appreci 
 ation of rhythmic grace than are revealed in the 
 national anthem. The purity of his patriotism and 
 the nobility of his nature will for all time assure Key 
 a foremost place among the heroes and gentlemen of 
 Maryland. As a poet, however, his place is only 
 secondary though he is estimated in the light of a 
 
32 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 genuine and untempered affection. His loftiest flight 
 was attained in A Nobleman s Son, now fallen into 
 decadence if not oblivion. 
 
 The heart of Key was a heart of gold. There was 
 the consecration but not the poet s dream. An edition 
 of his poems by Rev. Henry V. D. Johns appeared in 
 1857. The biographical sketch which accompanies the 
 work is from the hand of Key s brother-in-law, Hon. 
 Roger B. Taney, and reveals the august figure of the 
 sovereign jurist in a novel but most attractive char 
 acter. 
 
 Contemporary in a measure with Key is one of the 
 early poetesses of Maryland Mrs. Amelia B. Cop- 
 puck Welby (born at St. Michael s 1819 died at 
 Louisville, Ky., 1852). The greater part of her 
 active life was passed in Kentucky. Poe in his 
 "American Literati" spoke in terms of strong com 
 mendation of Mrs. Welby and her work. That the 
 gift of verse was bestowed upon her there can be no 
 doubt nor was it conferred in the spirit of parsimony. 
 Yet her innate power was never developed according 
 to the standard of its possibilities. Adverse condi 
 tions in her youthful days, lack of sympathy, the ab 
 sence of the inspiration which springs from cultured 
 association, tended to retard and depress the expansion 
 of her rare and delicately touched poetic faculty. 
 The vision was hers but the waywardness of fortune 
 withheld the conditions essential to its broadening into 
 pure and perfect light. A collection of her verses 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 33 
 
 bearing the title Poems by Amelia, the name under 
 which she wrote, appeared in Boston in 1844. In 
 1849 ner husband, George Welby, copyrighted an 
 edition with the same title as that of 1844, dedicated 
 to her father, William Coppuck. The most attractive 
 edition of all is probably the one issued in 1850. The 
 fourteenth edition, 1860, attained a circulation of 
 fourteen thousand, a brilliant success for the time at 
 which it appeared. A comprehensive and discrimi 
 nating review of Mrs. Welby s poetical achievements 
 may be found in the "Baltimore American" of August 
 8th, 1909, from the pen of Frank B. Culver.* 
 
 *See also Library of Southern Literature," Vol. XIII. 
 
TTI 
 
 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMERICAN LITERATURE; 
 ITS GROWTH IN MARYLAND. 
 
EDGAR ALLAN POE 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMERICAN LITERATURE; 
 ITS GROWTH IN MARYLAND. 
 
 A distinctive American literature was a plant of 
 slow and gradual growth, even after the separation 
 of the colonies from England and the assured estab 
 lishment of their political autonomy. The traditional 
 attachment of the Southern colonies to the mother 
 country long survived the period of their independ 
 ence and in no one of the original thirteen was this 
 sentiment more abiding and tenacious in character 
 than in Maryland. Devotion and deference to an 
 cestral models in the sphere of culture, literary and 
 scholastic, existed in almost unabated vigor for de 
 cades subsequent to the formal severance of her 
 relation to Great Britain. Strange then does it seem 
 that with the advent of the most renowned genius 
 whose name is associated with the history of the 
 state there was not only a casting aside of ancestral 
 precedents or English prototypes but an absolute fail 
 ure to assimilate or idealize any of the essential or 
 novel forces developed by a buoyant and untamed 
 civilization. If there was ever "a new departure" 
 in the evolution of modern literature it revealed its 
 power in the life and work of Edgar Allan Poe. 
 
 Poe was born in Boston of Maryland ancestry 
 January iQth, 1809. He came into the world during 
 
38 AUTHORS OR MARYLAND 
 
 that "annus mirabilis" of the nineteenth century which 
 greeted the advent of such "full welling fountain 
 heads of change" as Darwin, Tennyson, Gladstone 
 and Mendelssohn. He died in Baltimore October 7th, 
 1849, an d is buried in Westminster Church-yard in 
 that city. During the year 1875 the teachers of Balti 
 more erected the monument which marks his grave. 
 It was formally dedicated November I7th, 1875. The 
 life of Poe has been written with the utmost affluence 
 of detail and wealth of research by Didier, Ingram, 
 Woodberry and Harrison. The present article ap 
 proaches the subject from the viewpoint of literary 
 analysis. Biography is introduced only incidentally 
 or as a means of illustration. 
 
 In contemplating critically the prose or poetry of 
 Poe, his startling originality of aim and spirit reveals 
 its power at every point. There is at times a touch 
 of local color, an echo of his native hills, but there is 
 hardly a figure, or illustration that can be described as 
 distinctively American, Eastern or Western, North 
 ern or Southern. Much of his poetry might have 
 been conceived and wrought into its peerless artistic 
 form as effectively in Rome or in Athens as amid 
 the associations of New York, Baltimore or Rich 
 mond. His verse is in every essential feature a mys 
 tic lay woven in the world of dreams. Contemporary 
 criticism has been prone to exaggerate the indebted 
 ness of Poe to the school of which Keats and Cole 
 ridge are the most notable types. The sources of his 
 inspiration are sought in "Christabel," "The Ancient 
 
AUTHORS OR MARYLAND 39 
 
 Mariner," "Kubla Khan" and "Lamia." Yet there is 
 no logical proof that he drew a single note of inspira 
 tion from the circle of Coleridge, "the school of 
 wonder" in England, or the morbid romances of 
 Charles Brockden Browne in America. Analogies or 
 likenesses, in so far as they may be traced, are the 
 characteristics of necessity arising from resemblance 
 in aim and ideal. 
 
 The career of Poe may be regarded as assuming 
 a definite form with the publication of his volume of 
 1831 containing several poems that appeared in re 
 vised shape, as well as some that now saw the light 
 for the first time. In this latter class may be named 
 the finely touched lyric To Helen, with its possible 
 autobiographical echo or self-revelation in verse. The 
 student of literary history will note the coincidence 
 that Poe s earliest venture was issued under the title 
 of A Bostonian in 1827, that is, in the same year with 
 "Poems by Two Brothers" the first venture of 
 Charles and Alfred Tennyson. 
 
 Apart from the evidence drawn from the story of 
 his life his work in prose as well as verse conveys 
 convincing proof of the isolation in which he stood 
 with reference to contemporaries and predecessors in 
 either sphere. It is at least significant that in the 
 rich harvest of accusation, which envy and malice 
 have hurled at the head of Poe, the charge of plagi 
 arism or even imitation has rarely found a place. 
 From its earlier stages the art of Poe was greeted 
 with acclaim in the discerning circles of the European 
 
40 AUTHORS OE MARYLAND 
 
 world. The translation of Baudelaire will suggest 
 itself and the marked influence of Poe in the develop 
 ment of the French school of Symbolists is one of the 
 ripe results of a day nearer our own. The poles of 
 European culture, the land of Hamlet and the home 
 of Dante, Denmark and Italy, have shared in the 
 charm of his romances and the mystic strain that pre 
 vails in his verse. 
 
 It is not easy to appreciate in the retrospect of 
 fourscore years the impression wrought by the strange 
 weird note of the newly risen poet as it fell upon 
 the ear of the crude and virile American world. The 
 "unformed Occident" was then absorbed in the 
 grapple with primeval nature and untamed material 
 forces. Its literary creation was, in the main, imi 
 tative or derivative, the reproduction of English types, 
 the modification of inherited tendencies. At the time 
 of Poe s advent, 1827-1831, there had appeared but 
 little in prose or verse that was distinctively Ameri 
 can and was the presage of an ampler day. The 
 romances of Cooper suggest the most notable excep 
 tion, for Irving with his affluence of sweetness and 
 light was, in his essential features, an evolution from 
 the English Augustan age or an Americanized Ad- 
 dison. 
 
 To a discerning student of literary development, 
 had one arisen in that day of dawn, it must have 
 seemed, as Poe s earlier editions were ushered into 
 the world, that a star had fallen from the heavens of 
 song. Yet there is little to indicate that the novel 
 
AUTHORS OP MARYLAND 41 
 
 note, never until that day heard in our poetry, and 
 never reappearing save in echoes like the phantoms 
 of fading melodies, affected, even in a visible meas 
 ure, the complacent tranquillity of that period. 
 Throughout the English-speaking world the poetic 
 impulse had descended to the lowest point at the time of 
 Poe s advent in 1827. Shelley and Keats were rest 
 ing in their Roman graves; Coleridge had abandoned 
 poetry for philosophy and criticism ; Wordsworth had 
 ceased to produce save in fitful and desultory fashion ; 
 Browning was a lad in his teens; "the idle singers 
 of an empty day" held almost unchallenged ascend 
 ancy. Tennyson and Poe, appearing simultaneously, 
 was each the herald of a new order, though each 
 pursued his own peculiar path to immortality. With 
 the English master it was a resistless advance from 
 glory to glory until "the crossing of the bar" in 1892. 
 He broadened slowly from precedent to precedent, 
 all the charms of all the muses flowering in his Vir- 
 gilian measure, his chosen coin of fancy, the sovereign 
 lord of our mother speech. No such auspicious for 
 tune descended upon Poe. That his moral infirmities 
 were neither few nor small even his sympathetic biog 
 raphers must in candor concede. Still, when the case 
 is most strongly urged against him, his enemies them 
 selves being judges, the plane on which he stands is 
 not below that on which are arrayed such lights of 
 our -poetic heavens as Marlowe, Burns, Byron and 
 Shelley. 
 
 It was an epoch in the world s literature when 
 
42 AUTHORS O E MARYLAND 
 
 young Poe brought his two slender volumes to the 
 light in 1827-1831. The appeal was as far-reaching 
 as the Universe, the transient and the ephemeral en 
 tered not into the strange weird note. There is no 
 flavor of commonplace association, of the modes and 
 aspirations of our prosaic world, with its sad mechanic 
 exercise, in the skylark strain and ethereal tone which 
 floats down from the supernal ranges of Lenore and 
 Annabel Lee. Bryant, Whittier and Longfellow ad 
 dressed themselves to the dominant American type 
 and their prevailing art was marked by local color, 
 native associations, historical, traditional or ideal. 
 With notable exceptions it was American in essence 
 as in origin or inspiration. The didactic impulse, the 
 moral Iesson 2 the homily in song was ever asserting 
 itself. 
 
 It is in the fierce light of contrast that the weird- 
 ness and witchery of Poe s verse reveals its subtle and 
 invincible charm. The bufferings of fortune did not 
 wither him; disaster and destitution staled not his 
 infinite variety. As he drew neither succor nor en 
 couragement from the grim and austere world that 
 confronted him so he drew neither inspiration, models, 
 nor prototypes from the sovereigns of his art who had 
 gone before him, nor from contemporary masters 
 who had thrown down the gauntlet and were grappling 
 with their evil star. 
 
 During his twenty years of active life, Poe accom 
 plished results so far-reaching and crowned his poetry 
 with such flawlessness and grace of aim and execution 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 43 
 
 that his rank is assured among the marvels of literary 
 history. His range included poetry, fiction, criticism, 
 and in two of these spheres he stands in the foremost 
 file, his fame broadening with the increasing decades. 
 He has created a school in romance, he has called into 
 life a phase of poetry almost undreamed of in literary 
 evolution and in the field of divination nearly every 
 one of his judgments has been verified by the passion 
 less and abiding arbitrament of the succeeding ages. 
 In the province of criticism Poe has never been 
 accorded the recognition which is the just meed of 
 his achievement, marked by a finely tempered gift of 
 foreseeing the result that enabled him to penetrate the 
 remotest walks of the most seclusive of the muses. 
 Even the casual reader of contemporary fiction must 
 recognize the prototypes of "Sherlock Holmes" and 
 his school in The Purloined Letter and The Murders 
 in the Rue Morgue; while a more striking illustration 
 of literary ancestry cannot be suggested than the 
 story of "William Wilson" and "The Strange Case of 
 Dr. Jekyl and Mr. Hyde." The French detective 
 story traces from Poe by direct descent while the 
 Symbolists discern in bis method the clear fore 
 shadowing of their own philosophy. From The Raven 
 sprung the inspiration of "The Blessed Damozel," 
 that youthful fantasy of Rossetti s with its mystic 
 vein revealing the subtlest graces of the Dantean age. 
 It is in its essential character an obverse or inverted 
 presentation of the conditions that prevail in The 
 Raven. Rossetti explicitly avows his indebtedness to 
 
44 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 Poe. Without the former poem the latter would 
 never have leaped to life. 
 
 Poe s cast of mind in the sphere of art is alien to 
 nearly all the characteristics of contemporary life. 
 It appeals to few of the forces that are local, the sen 
 suous, the empirical, the visible. His heroines derive 
 not from fleshly models such as dwelt in earthly 
 vesture. An eminent critic has intimated that they 
 had their prototypes in Southern women, hence the 
 resistless grace and witchery, but the realm in which 
 they passed their dreamy days was defined by no geo 
 graphical limitation nor fixed by bounds arid metes 
 of place and measure. These "airy nothings" have 
 been personalized by names current among women 
 but the "local habitations" exist only as a vision of 
 Utopia. Traits of common loveliness with their sis 
 ters of the South were revealed in their creation but 
 their homes lay by sounding seas, by dim lakes of 
 Auber, or on the marge of mysterious tarns whose 
 shrouding waves enveloped the desolate House of 
 Usher. 
 
 Poe s mode of approach to themes that are romantic 
 or in the golden world of fiction did not lie exclusively 
 in the sphere of the Symbolists. That he anticipated 
 their characteristic method of procedure is clear to 
 one who will compare carefully the results attained 
 by each. Poe, however, is more than a Symbolist and 
 several of his notable creations in fiction may assume 
 rank with the recognized types of the school of 
 naturalism. Take, for example, the story of The 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 45 
 
 Gold Bug, The Purloined Letter or The Tell Tale 
 Heart. In rigor of demonstration, laying bare every 
 spring of action with scientific precision, these have 
 rarely been surpassed in the history of literature. 
 From these types one comes to such creations of 
 fantasy as The Masque of the Red Death or The 
 Haunted Palace and all the mechanism of the Sym 
 bolists is potentially set before us. Expansion and 
 elaboration will assure the completed result. 
 
 If these two schools, despite their conflicting ten 
 dencies, do not trace their origin to Poe, they were 
 foreshadowed in his art, their essential features are 
 clearly unfolded, the final stage is merely the natural 
 process of evolution. Such versatility of genius, such 
 power to stimulate to rare and ripe issues the artistic 
 development of alien lands and races, is without 
 parallel in the record of modern literature. For Poe 
 it secures an abiding place such as no other American 
 has ever attained or even approached. 
 
iv 
 
 LITERATURE IN MARYLAND FROM THE MIDDLE OF 
 
 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE PERIOD 
 
 SUCCEEDING THE WAR BETWEEN 
 
 THE STATES. 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 LITERATURE IN MARYLAND FROM THE MIDDLE OF 
 
 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE PERIOD 
 
 SUCCEEDING THE WAR BETWEEN 
 
 THE STATES. 
 
 It should be borne in mind that in a work such as 
 the present the literary chronology is of greater im 
 portance than the mere record of the exact years 
 which our authors passed upon the earth. Only a 
 portion of each writer s life is devoted to his profes 
 sional labors; many have lived through a prolonged 
 period after they have ceased from literary produc 
 tivity and their careers in their chosen field may be 
 regarded as having been definitely ended. The recog 
 nition of this principle which prevails in every form 
 of historical composition will serve to explain what 
 might at times be regarded as a lack of unity and con 
 sistency in the design and the construction of the 
 work. 
 
 The period included in the interval that extends 
 from the earlier decades of the nineteenth century to 
 the decade that succeeded the close of the War be 
 tween the States presents a diversity of literary 
 activity, much of it excellent in conception as well as 
 admirable in artistic execution. The preeminent 
 genius of Poe accords him special treatment as a 
 
50 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 sovereign force, not in Maryland literature alone, but 
 in the broader range of the literature of America, if 
 not of the modern world. A distinct recognition may 
 be also claimed for that rarest flower of our early 
 anthology, Edward Coote Pinkney. Yet contempo 
 rary with these masters of our dawning Maryland 
 poetry and extending down the increasing century 
 there is a goodly fellowship of elect spirits who may 
 justly claim commemoration in a work devoted to the 
 representative authors of Maryland. 
 
 First in this far-reaching array, conveying the 
 reader back to the very rising of the nineteenth cen 
 tury, stands the name of John Carroll, first Arch 
 bishop of Baltimore (born 1735 died 1815), one of 
 the most eminent of the early leaders of the Catholic 
 Church in America. He officiated, as Bishop of 
 Baltimore, at the marriage of Miss Patterson to 
 Jerome Bonaparte in 1803. His elevation to the dig 
 nity of Archbishop dates from 1808. Though not a 
 professional author he was engaged in active theologi 
 cal controversy, some of his best known works being 
 Concise Views of the Principal Points of Controversy 
 between the Protestant and Catholic Church and A 
 Discourse upon General Washington. He was the 
 founder of Georgetown University, one of the most 
 distinguished centers of Catholic culture. 
 
 During this period, also, writers such as David 
 Hoffman (born 1784 died 1854) lived and labored. 
 
AUTHORS OH MARYLAND 51 
 
 Hoffman, who was a native of Baltimore and by pro 
 fession a lawyer, seems to have been imbued with 
 that spirit of culture and appreciation so often re 
 vealed in the history of the legal fraternity in Mary 
 land. He was the author of Legal Outlines, Viator 
 and Chronicles from the Original of Catarphilus the 
 Wandering Jew. 
 
 Dr. Franklin Didier, an accomplished and cul 
 tured physician (born 1794 died 1840), falls within 
 the limits of this period. Dr. Didier devoted himself 
 to literature as well as his profession. Not only was 
 he an assiduous contributor to leading periodicals but 
 the author of Didier s Letters from Paris and Frank 
 lin s Letters to His Kinsfolk. 
 
 George Lackland Davis is worthy of commemo 
 ration as the author of The Day Star of American 
 Freedom or the Birth and Early Growth of Tolera-^ 
 tion in the Province of Maryland and The Japan Ex 
 pedition. 
 
 Henry Winter Davis (born in Annapolis 1817 
 died 1865), renowned for fervid and impassioned 
 oratory, won fame not only in his profession, the law, 
 and in statesmanship, but applied himself to literature 
 and was the author of The War of Ormuzd and 
 Ahriman in the Nineteenth Century. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Emerson Bond, Sr. (born 1782 died 
 1856), for many years a practitioner of medicine and 
 
52 AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 a pioneer in the field of medical education and or 
 ganization in Maryland, was for twelve years editor 
 of the Christian Advocate and Journal of New 
 York and from the vigor and persuasive power of his 
 style he was known as the "Defender of the Metho 
 dist Episcopal Church." 
 
 Dr. Thomas Emerson Bond, Jr. (born 1813 died 
 1872), was by profession a physician and eminent for 
 his skill in organization, notably illustrated in the 
 foundation of the medical phase of the Baltimore Col 
 lege of Dental Surgery, the first institution of its kind 
 in the world. He still found time, however, to culti 
 vate and develop his native literary faculty. In addi 
 tion to technical treatises in the field of medicine he 
 wrote a Life of John Knox the Scottish Reformed 
 As editor of the "Baltimore Christian Advocate and 
 Episcopal Methodist" his forceful and logical diction 
 penetrated the country and commanded affection, as 
 well as regard, in the desolate and stricken states of 
 the South. In the sphere of controversy he was a 
 recognized power, revered by his allies, respected by 
 his foes. His poem, inspired by the comet which ap 
 peared in 1 86 1, was republished by the "Baltimore 
 Sun" in 1910. 
 
 Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, a native of Ire 
 land (born 1797 died 1863), Archbishop of Balti 
 more, was a varied and devoted author in the special 
 field of theology and ecclesiastical history. Among 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 53 
 
 his writings may be mentioned Letters to Rev. Dr. 
 Blackburn; Theologica Dogmatica; Theologica Mor- 
 alis; Letters on the Primacy of the Holy See and 
 the Authority of General Councils; Primacy of the 
 Apostolic See Vindicated. He also translated into 
 English from the Latin of the Vulgate the Four Gos 
 pels, the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles and the 
 Apocalypse. Archbishop Kenrick is regarded by 
 Catholic theologians as a leading authority in refer 
 ence to tihe history of their church and especially the 
 questions involved in the controversy relating to the 
 primacy of St. Peter. 
 
 Eminent among Maryland authors, as publicist, 
 jurist and commentator upon ecclesiastical and theo 
 logical issues, was Hugh Davy Evans, a native of 
 Baltimore (born 1792 died 1868). In addition to 
 technical treatises upon the law he produced an 
 Essay on the Episcopate of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church of the United States, a Treatise on the 
 Christian Doctrine of Marriage and Essays on the 
 Validity of Anglican Ordination. His Essay on 
 Pleading and his Maryland Common Law Practice 
 lie outside the scope of the present work. They 
 were quoted with marked respect in the courts of 
 Maryland as having an intrinsic and inherent au 
 thority even when not sustained (by established pre 
 cedents or confirmed by the decisions of jiidical 
 tribunals. His position in the legal history of the 
 state suggests an apparent analogy to that of the 
 
54 AUTHORS OR MARYLAND 
 
 "jurisconsult" as it existed in its matured condition 
 after the development of the Roman Imperial legis 
 lation. 
 
 Among Maryland scholars and men of letters who 
 lived and labored during the period embraced within 
 the limits of this chapter Rev. Edward J. Stearns 
 (born in Massachusetts 1810 died in Maryland 
 1890), a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church, is worthy of honorable recognition. He was 
 at one time associated with the faculty of St. John s 
 College, Annapolis. In 1853 he published Notes on 
 Uncle Tarn s Cabin, being a Logical Answer to its 
 Allegation and Inferences Against Slavery as an 
 Institution, a vigorous and effective rejoinder from 
 the viewpoint of the advocates of slavery. He was 
 also the author of a Practical Guide to English Pro 
 nunciation. Mr. Stearns was a contributor to leading 
 periodicals, such as Bledsoe s "Southern Review." 
 His criticisms were marked by finely touched attain 
 ment and a caustic, trenchant strain that shielded the 
 minutest discussion from descending to the plane of 
 platitude and decorous mediocrity. 
 
 In the company of clerical scholars included within 
 this period Rev. Milo Mahan, D.D., a native of Vir 
 ginia (born 1819 died 1870), for many years rector 
 of St. Paul s P. E. Church, Baltimore, must be as 
 signed a foremost place. He was the author of The 
 Exercise of Faith, 1857 ; History of the Church During 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 55 
 
 the First Three Centuries, 1860; Reply to Colenso^ 
 1863 ; Palmoni, A Free Inquiry, 1864 and the Comedy 
 of Canonization, 1868. Dr. Mahan was eminent in 
 the sphere of biblical criticism and the range of his 
 culture was broad and varied; his attainments being 
 marked by accuracy in detail as well as comprehen 
 siveness of character. 
 
 Martin John Spalding, successor to Archbishop 
 Kcnrick as Catholic Archbishop of Baltimore (born 
 1810 died 1872), is entitled to honorable recognition 
 as an author in other fields than those which are pro 
 fessional or theological. He was a native of Ken 
 tucky and succeeded Archbishop Kenrick in 1863. 
 Among his varied contributions to literature may be 
 named his D Aiibigne s History of the Reformation 
 Reviewed, Lectures on the General Evidences of 
 Catholicity, Sketches of the Early Missions in Ken 
 tucky, Miscellanea, Plistory of the Protestant Reforma 
 tion in Germany and Switzerland and The Middle 
 Ages Literature and Arts. Archbishop Spalding s de 
 scription of the world renowned clock in the minster 
 of Strasburg is, perhaps, the best ever written, and is 
 thoroughly entertaining as well as instructive. 
 
 Rev. Richard Fuller, D.D. (born 1804 died 
 1876) was a native of Beaufort, S. C, and was edu 
 cated at Harvard College. For years he pursued with 
 success the profession of the law. In 1832 he entered 
 the ministry of the Baptist Church. In 1847 ne 
 
56 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 his home in Baltimore and it became the center of his 
 labors for the remainder of his life. Dr. Fuller may be 
 justly ranked among the foremost lights of his de 
 nomination in the United States. As a preacher he 
 was vigorous, eloquent and impressive, and was a 
 leading figure in more than one controversy, political 
 as well as theological, notably with Rev. Dr. Francis 
 Wayland of Brown University, R. I., and Bishop Eng 
 land of the Catholic diocese of Charleston, S. C. The 
 "Life of Dr. Fuller/ by Rev. J. H. Cuthbert, D.D., 
 was published in 1879. In addition to his unceasing 
 clerical activity Dr. Fuller issued several volumes of 
 sermons and a popular treatise entitled The Terms of 
 Baptism and Communion. 
 
 Brantz Mayer (born 1809 died 1879), a native 
 of Baltimore, was conspicuous by his devotion to the 
 history of Maryland and was a varied and diligent 
 contributor to the publications of the Maryland His 
 torical Society with which he was prominently as 
 sociated. Among these the following workb by Mr. 
 Mayer are deserving of special recognition : History, 
 Prospects and Possessions of the Maryland Historical 
 Society; Memoir of Charles Carroll of Carrollton; 
 Smithsonian s Contributions to Knowledge; Com 
 merce , Literature and Art; Memoir of Jared Sparks 
 and Mexico as It Was and as It Is. His was a 
 marked and salutary influence both by precept and 
 example for the promotion of historical research and 
 the diffusion of its results. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 57 
 
 The first Recording Secretary of the Maryland 
 Historical Society and one of its founders in 1844 
 was Sebastian F. Streeter, a special student of the 
 early history of his native State. He was the author 
 of The First Commander of Kent Island, Papers Re 
 lating to the Early History of Maryland and Maryland 
 Two Hundred Years Ago. 
 
 Rev. Ethan Allen, a clergyman of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Church (born 1796 died 1879), lived for 
 many years in Maryland and devoted himself as 
 siduously to the study of her early records, espe 
 cially their local and ecclesiastical phases. His con 
 tributions represent some of the most suggestive and 
 productive features of development illustrated in the 
 history of the state, such as Clergy in Maryland of the 
 Protesant Episcopal Church Since the Independence 
 of 1783; Sketches of the History of St. Thomas 
 Parish; Garrison Forest, Baltimore County, 1742- 
 1852 ; Plistory of Maryland, or Sketches of the Early 
 History of Maryland to the Year 1650 and Who Were 
 the Early Settlers of Maryland? 
 
 Within this period also appears the name of the 
 foremost sailor that Maryland has given to the world, 
 Raphael Semmes, Admiral in the Confederate navy 
 and Commander of the Alabama (born Charles 
 County, Maryland, September 27, 1809 -died Mobile, 
 Alabama, August 30, 1877). 
 
 Admiral Semmes was a man of broad and varied 
 attainments, versed in law and in literature as well as 
 
58 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 in the special science relating to his profession. His 
 knowledge of international and maritime law was 
 both comprehensive and critical. He was the author 
 of Service Afloat and Ashore During the Mexican 
 War, 1851; The Campaign of General Scott in the* 
 Valley of Mexico, 1852; The Cruise of the Alabama 
 and Suniptcr, 1864, and Memoirs of Service Afloat 
 During the War Between the States, 1869. The style 
 of Semmes is, in its essential characteristics, clear, 
 bracing, vigorous, displaying a range and accuracy of 
 acquirement that seem all the more noteworthy in view 
 of the active and absorbing nature of his career from 
 its early stages until the close of the great national 
 conflict in 1865. He illustrated the scientific tem 
 perament in an eminent degree, blending with it a 
 literary facility that is remarkable under the circum 
 stances which distinguished his eventful history. 
 
 In 1853 Rev. William Pinkney, D.D. (born 1810 
 died 1883), Bishop of Maryland, published the Life 
 of William Pinkney, by His Nepheiv, 1853 (1856) a 
 work of genuine interest and merit though marred by 
 an occasional tendency to an overwrought and florid 
 diction. The revelation of the inner attitude of 
 William Wirt toward his brilliant colleague is one of 
 the most suggestive phases of the book. The 
 "Memoir of Wirt" by John P. Kennedy, is exhibited 
 in an unamiable light by Dr. Pinkney s narrative. 
 Notwithstanding its characteristic excellences the por 
 trayal of Pinkney by his nephew is by no means equal 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 59 
 
 in clearness and vividness of impression to that con 
 veyed by Chief Justice Taney s narrative of his own 
 early days (1777-1801) which precedes his biography 
 by Dr. Samuel Tyler. Dr. Pinkney also published 
 A Memoir of John H. Alexander, LL.D., 1867. 
 
 In the field of local history and poetry the literature 
 of Maryland has not been lacking in productive 
 power. Under this general description must be classed 
 such works as Poets and Poetry of Cecil County, byj 
 William J. Jones; Old Kent and The Eastern Shore, 
 by George A. Hanson, 1876; History of Cecil County 
 and The Poetry and Prose of Cecil County, by George 
 Johnston. 
 
 All these works have their special interest and value. 
 
 Samuel J. Donaldson (born 1835 died 1872), a 
 native of Baltimore, was an assiduous student of 
 English literature, devoting himself especially to the 
 poetry of Shelley, Keats and Poe. He was a believer 
 in the theory advocated by Poe that "a long poem does 
 not exist," and his creations in verse were cast in the 
 lyrical form. At the age of twenty-five he placed 
 them, artistically and luxuriously bound, in the hands 
 of Longfellow with a request for his judgment in re 
 gard to their merits. The New Englander, however, 
 coldly declined any expression of opinion in reference 
 to the work of the youthful and aspiring Baltimore 
 lyrist. Not daunted by this rebuff Mr. Donaldson 
 issued in 1860 a volume entitled Lyrics and Other 
 Poems. The circulation of the book was principally 
 
60 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 confined to his personal friends who contributed liber 
 ally to its support. This was his only appearance as 
 an author, his works in prose never having been 
 published. 
 
 Edward Spencer (born in Baltimore, 1834 died 
 1883) is entitled to especial commemoration among 
 the Marylanders who dedicated their lives and energies 
 to the cultivation and diffusion of literature. No 
 collected edition of his writings has been published and 
 his varied contributions must be gathered from jour 
 nals and periodicals ranging through a long and un 
 broken series of years, fruitful in prose as well as 
 in the sphere of the drama and in the field of lyric 
 poetry. "Putnam s," "The Galaxy," "Harper s," the 
 "Southern Magazine," "Sunday Telegram," the 
 "Baltimore Evening Bulletin," the "New York Sun," 
 the "Baltimore Sun," "Baltimore American," the 
 "New York Herald," all attest his productive faculty 
 in diverse phases of thought, practical and economic, 
 as well as those which are associated with the 
 aesthetic and intellectual characteristics that are re 
 vealed in the evolution of literature. 
 
 The versatile nature of Mr. Spencer ^ work cannot 
 fail to impress even a casual observer. It might be 
 said of him with hardly a touch of exaggeration that 
 he attempted nearly every form of literary activity 
 and attempted none without adorning it. His con 
 tributions to the drama alone include such varied 
 types as Kit, the Arkansas Traveler, Matcrnas, Pork, 
 a comedy, Three Days After Date, an American 
 
AUTHORS OP MARYLAND 61 
 
 comedy drama. He also furnished the plot for 
 Oliver Doud Byron s drama Across the Continent. 
 In literature as applied to the development of com 
 merce and manufactures, Mr. Spencer s power of 
 adaptation was not infrequently called into requis 
 ition and the same faculty asserted itself in his dis 
 cussion of vital political issues, such as the admixture 
 of races and the enlistment of negroes in the South 
 ern army during the Civil War. 
 
 The Life of Senator Thomas F. Bayard was pro 
 duced as the presidential campaign of 1880 was in 
 progress. It is regarded as the most discriminating 
 and adequate biography of this accomplished gentle 
 man and statesman. 
 
 Mr. Spencer is seen in his clearest and strongest 
 light in the capacity of critics, not of literature alone 
 but of all the essential problems which form part of 
 the complex intellectual development of the modern 
 world. In style he was a model of lucidity and sim 
 plicity. Few Maryland authors of any period have 
 excelled him in vigor and forcefulness of phrase. 
 
SPECIAL WRITERS OF NOTE IN MARYLAND DURING 
 THE MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 
SIDNEY LANIER 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 SPECIAL WRITERS OF NOTE IN MARYLAND DURING 
 THE MIDDLE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 In the sphere of fiction and the drama three authors 
 have attained in the literature of Maryland an almost 
 undisputed preeminence. These are John P. Kennedy, 
 George H. Miles and Mrs. Anna M. Crane-See- 
 muller. Each of these will be considered in the 
 order of chronology. 
 
 John Pendleton Kennedy was a native of Balti 
 more (born 1795 died Newport, R. I., 1870). His 
 claim to distinction is not based upon his achieve 
 ments as a novelist alone for he was a man of multi 
 form and varying activity, social, practical, political, 
 as well as literary and educational. He was the 
 creative and shaping spirit that designed the plan in 
 accordance with which the Peabody Institute was 
 organized and was one of its original board of trus 
 tees. In addition to service in the legislature and in 
 Congress he was Secretary of the Navy during the 
 closing period of Fillmore s administration, from 
 June, 1852, to March, 1853, and was a leading in 
 fluence in the despatch of the Perry expedition to 
 Japan in November, 1852, as well as an enthusiastic 
 advocate of the Lynch expedition to Africa and that 
 
66 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 of Dr. Kane for the exploration of the Arctic regions. 
 
 In every scheme having for its end the broadening 
 of the bounds of culture he assumed a leading and 
 conspicuous part. His generous attitude toward men 
 of letters was illustrated by his kindly and sympa 
 thetic relation to Poe at the time when the poet was 
 lamentably in need of such a benefactor. 
 
 The scope of Kennedy s literary productivity is 
 wide and far ranging. In 1818-19 appeared Red 
 Book, a social satire modeled upon the style of the 
 Addisonian age and edited by Kennedy in connection 
 with Peter Hoffman Cruse. In 1832 was published 
 Swallow Barn, a novel having its inspiration and its 
 charm in Virginia life. Horse Shoe Robinson fol 
 lowed in 1835, a tale of Tory ascendancy in South 
 Carolina; Rob of the Bozvl, a legend of St. Inigoes, 
 dates from 1838; Annals of Quodlibet from 1849; 
 Memoir of the late William Wirt was issued in this 
 same year, 1849. -^ n addition there were his Political 
 Satires, Official Reports and Lectures Delivered on 
 Public Occasions. 
 
 As a storyteller and romancer Kennedy stands in 
 the foremost file of American writers. The charm 
 of Horse Shoe Robinson, an historical character and 
 hero of the Revolution, with whom Kennedy came in 
 contact during a sojourn in South Carolina, in 1818, 
 has seldom been equalled in any similar phase of ro 
 mantic creation. It presents a grateful contrast to 
 the galvanized caricatures of our colonial and revolu 
 tionary life which mark the historical novels of our 
 
AUTHORS OR MARYLAND 67 
 
 own day that have striven to portray and reproduce 
 the period that Kennedy has invested with a charm 
 and flavor which baffle successful imitation. His far- 
 reaching fascination and popularity are attested by 
 the fact that at least one of his novels has been 
 translated into the languages of Northern Europe. 
 
 Perhaps the appreciation of his genius which 
 Kennedy received at the hands of Thackeray may be 
 regarded as his especial crown of literary glory. 
 During a sojourn in Paris he and the English novel 
 ist were brought into cordial relations. "The Vir 
 ginians" was then running its course as a serial, 
 1856-7, and the printers were clamoring for addit 
 ional material. A new chapter was urgently called 
 for. 
 
 "I wish you would write one for me," said 
 Thackeray to Kennedy. "Well," replied Kennedy, 
 "so I will, if you will give me the plan of the story." 
 
 The unique distinction of having written the fourth 
 chapter of Volume II, in some editions, Chapter 52, 
 containing the account of Washington s escape from 
 captivity and his return home through the region of 
 Western Maryland in which Cumberland is now situ 
 ated, belongs to Kennedy alone. Fortunate was the 
 presence of such an ally, as the physical characteristics 
 of the country embraced in the campaign of Brad- 
 dock were at the command of Kennedy ; to Thackeray 
 it was as unrevealed as the heart of some untraversed 
 continent. The critical and discerning student of 
 literary evolution will find it a suggestive and not un- 
 
68 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 profitable task to compare the style of this chapter 
 with the body of the work as it flowed from the pen 
 of Thackeray. 
 
 The standard life of Kennedy, by H. T. Tucker- 
 man, appeared in 1871. 
 
 In the foremost ranks of Maryland literature, as 
 dramatist, lyrist, as well as critic of subtle discern 
 ment, stands the name of George Henry Miles 
 (born in Baltimore, 1824 died near Emmitsburg, 
 1871). Like Lowell and Timrod he was designed for 
 the bar but the passion for letters was stronger than 
 the love of Blackstone and he passed from "the dusty 
 purlieus of the law" into the congenial fellowship of 
 the Muses. He became professor of English litera 
 ture in his own college, Mt. St. Mary s at Emmits 
 burg, one of the leading centers of Catholic culture 
 and tradition in America. In European lands he had 
 traveled widely and had received the rich inspiration 
 which springs from personal contact with historic 
 associations and memories of the ages that have 
 yielded place to the dominant order prevailing in our 
 contemporary world. 
 
 Nature had bestowed on him a rich lyric faculty 
 which reveals its most winning aspect in his Said the 
 Rose, a poem which does not lose its lustre when com 
 pared with the golden flowers of Lovelace, Carew, 
 Suckling, or any of that elect company which 
 blossomed into light during the first decades of the 
 seventeenth century. Nor is this the only fragrant 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 69 
 
 offering which Miles has made to a possible anthology 
 of Maryland song. His vein was varied as well as 
 affluent but none of his fantasies has illustrated his 
 lyric graces in more winsome and abiding form. That 
 some of his characteristic work has been marred by 
 the hand of the literary bigot and vandal has been 
 pointed out by Eugene L. Didier in his comments 
 upon the mutilation of Miles s "Inkerman" by Churton 
 Collins under the inspiration of his insular prepos 
 sessions and prejudices. 
 
 Yet the lyric phase does not represent the full 
 measure of Miles s endowments or achievements. His 
 dramatic gift asserted its energy in a series of plays 
 embracing the historic ages as well as the vital issues 
 of the living present. Then, too, the subtilizing in 
 tellect, as well as the comprehensive tenderness of the 
 master critic, was his by gift of God and as the out 
 come of assiduous culture. This is amply demon 
 strated in his Essay on Hamlet and in the fragment 
 of a Discourse upon Macbeth, the sole survival of 
 that bodeful day on which his malady forever brought 
 to a close his illuminating Shakespearean labors. 
 The penetration and interpretative faculty displayed 
 in these unfinished ventures in the sphere of criticism 
 afford no imperfect intimation of what rich results 
 might have developed under auspicious conditions 
 and amid congenial environments. 
 
 In addition to the poems which appeared in the 
 edition of 1907, Miles entered the field of the novelist 
 as well as the dramatist. The accompanying list 
 
70 AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 
 
 illustrates at a glance the diversity and range of his 
 work: Poems; Said the Rose and Other Lyrics, 
 1907; Mohammed or the Arabian Prophet, a drama, 
 1850; Loretto or the Choice, a novel; Tlve Truce of 
 God, a novel ; The Governess, a novel ; Senor l/alcnte, 
 a play, 1859; De Soto, a play, 1857; Mary s Birth 
 day, a comedy, 1857; The Seven Sisters, 1861, a play 
 symbolical of the seven States which formed the 
 original Southern Confederacy; Michael di Lando, 
 Gonfalonier of Florence, Miles first play; Bright 
 and Bloom, a comedy, which proved a rare success 
 upon the stage as did The Seven Sisters; Senor 
 Valente and Mary s Birthday; Abou Hassan the 
 Wag, a musical burlesque from "The Arabian 
 Nights"; The Maid of Mayence, a marked success; 
 Behind the Scenes, or The Girl of the Period, a 
 comedy; The Picture of Innocence, a farce; Afraya 
 the Sorcerer, a tragedy; The Parish Clerk; Emily 
 Chester, a dramatic adaptation of Miss Crane s suc 
 cessful novel; Love and Honor, a play from the 
 French of Emile Girardin; The Old Curiosity Shop, 
 a play deriving its inspiration from Dickens ; a five- 
 act tragedy, Thiodolf the Icelander, suggested by La 
 Motte Fouque s novel bearing the same title. 
 
 In the judgment of his discerning critics Miles 
 Aladdin s Palace, inspired by the fiftieth anniversary 
 of the foundation of his college, 1858; his God Save 
 the South, Said the Rose and Where Is the Freeman 
 Found, must be accorded the foremost rank among 
 his non-dramatic creations. The versatility of his 
 
AUTHORS OP] MARYLAND 71 
 
 genius as lyrist, dramatist, critic, the genuine fervor 
 and rhythmic sweetness that in so large a measure 
 are characteristic of his art, assure him an abiding 
 place among the truly representative authors of 
 Maryland and the South. 
 
 No inconsiderable part of the literary activity of 
 Maryland during the last fifty years has found ex 
 pression in the work of women writers. The general 
 comment holds good in the sphere of fiction, poetry, 
 historic research, and even in the field of critical 
 scholarship. A special place has been assigned to 
 Mrs. Welby (born 1819 died 1852) on account of 
 her chronological priority in the literary development 
 of the State in so far as it has been accomplished by 
 the inspiration and the energy of her own sex. Mrs. 
 Anne M. Crane-Seemuller (born 1838 died 1872)- 
 achieved at an early age so brilliant and phenomenal 
 a success in the exercise of her gifts as a novelist 
 that it secures for her an especial rank and recog 
 nition among the representative authors of her time. 
 As t this history approaches the closing decades of the 
 last century and broadens toward the new era, still in 
 its period of dawn, at least one chapter will be de 
 voted exclusively to the women writers of Maryland, 
 now living and pursuing their high calling, and to 
 those who have passed from the stage within recent 
 memory. 
 
 A review such as is contemplated will reveal a 
 wealth of literary attainment, enterprise and cre 
 ativity in diverse fields, in regard to which no just 
 appreciation or even apprehension exists. 
 
72 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 Mrs. Anne Moncure Crane-Seemuller was 
 
 born in Baltimore and died in Stuttgart, Germany. 
 She was a novelist of rare originality of conception 
 and endowed in an abundant measure with the peril 
 ous gift of satire. In more than one of her stories 
 she held the mirror up to nature and revealed in clear, 
 fierce light the frailties and follies of the world of 
 fashion. Her most notable work, Emily Chester, 
 appeared in 1864, without the name of the author, 
 and from the first it attained a brilliant and assured 
 success. The publishers were scarcely able to supply 
 the demand. More than this, four editions were 
 issued by leading English publishers and the story 
 was translated into German, meeting a cordial re 
 ception in the cultured and appreciative circles of the 
 European world. The novel was dramatized by 
 George H. Miles and won new fame by presentation 
 upon the stage, exceeding the most sanguine hopes 
 of the author as well as the adapter. The entire 
 chorus of reviewers, including names of eminence, 
 were enthusiastic and almost untempered in their 
 praise. Probably no book ever written by a Mary 
 land woman met with speedier and more marked suc 
 cess. To a certain extent the work was auto 
 biographical in character, it being an article in Miss 
 Crane s literary creed that a novel is effective just in 
 so far as the elements of autobiography enters into its- 
 creation. She wrote, as it were, by inspiration, and 
 was fond of quoting, with all reverence, the words 
 of the beloved disciple, "the angel said unto me, 
 Write/ and I wrote/ as the only explanation she 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 73 
 
 could suggest for the mystery of her rich creative 
 faculty. 
 
 Miss Crane s reputation was securely established 
 by the unique success of Emily Chester. As a result 
 she was solicited for contributions by the leading 
 periodicals and article followed article, poem suc 
 ceeded poem, in swift and almost ceaseless outflow 
 verse and prose. In 1867 her second novel, Oppor 
 tunity, made its appearance. It displayed a finer 
 grasp of her art than the preceding work and was 
 received in all directions with enthusiastic praise. 
 
 In April, 1871, Miss Crane, now Mrs. Augustus 
 Seemuller of New York, having been married in 
 1869, published her third and last novel, Reginald 
 Archer. It was a portrayal of the vices and follies 
 that prevail in the world of fashion and elicited much 
 hostile comment, for such is the inevitable fate of the 
 author who converts his art into a didactic agent or 
 an instrument of moral reform. 
 
 Miss Crane was richly endowed with grace and 
 charm of manner. Charles Dickens, who came in 
 contact with her in Baltimore in 1868, pronounced 
 her the most fascinating woman he had met in Amer 
 ica and bestowed upon her a special mark of favor 
 and regard. "Her leaf has perished in the green," 
 yet no record of literary achievement in so brief a 
 period is riper in rich and assured result. An ad 
 mirable tribute to Miss Crane, just, discriminating, 
 comprehensive, was written for "The Galaxy," not 
 long after her death, by Eugene L. Didier of Balti 
 more. 
 
74 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 One of the most eminent names associated with the 
 intellectual development of Maryland is that of 
 Samuel Tyler, LL.D. (born 1809 died 1878), a 
 native of Prince George county. He was a resident 
 of Frederick, Md., and of Georgetown, D. C., and by 
 profession; both lawyer and author, devoting his 
 energies and rich acquirements to literature and 
 philosophy as well as the science of jurisprudence. 
 For many years he was associated with the legal de 
 partment of Columbian, now George Washington 
 University, Washington, D. C. Among his friends 
 and correspondents may be named such lights of the 
 intellectual world as Sir William Hamilton, George 
 Frederick Holmes, Dr. James H. Thornwell. Sir 
 William expressed a hope that Dr. Tyler would 
 abandon the profession of the law and concentrate his 
 genius exclusively upon the pursuit of philosophy. 
 The comprehensive character of his attainments may 
 be inferred from the range and diversity of his pub 
 lished works : Robert Burns as a Poet and as a Man, 
 1848 ; The Progress of Philosophy in the Past and in 
 the Future, 1858-1868; Memoir of Roger Brooke 
 Taney, 1872 ; The Theory of the Beautiful and a Dis 
 course on the Baconian Philosophy, 1844-1846. 
 
 To the student of the literature of Maryland and, 
 above all, to the student of legal development, the 
 Memoir of Roger B. Taney will be regarded as the 
 most attractive and inspiring of all the works of 
 Dr. Tyler. The especial charm of the book is in 
 large measure to be attributed to the autobiographical 
 sketch of the great Chief Justice which introduces it, 
 
AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 75 
 
 his comments upon his contemporaries, Luther 
 Martin and William Pinkney, his keen and pene 
 trating judgments, discriminating and finely tempered 
 estimates of men in his own high sphere, names to 
 conjure with in the history of the law. In richness 
 of revelation and power of portrayal it may claim 
 rank with such a work as Atlee s "Victorian 
 Chancellors." 
 
 That the foremost representative authors associ 
 ated with the history of literary development in 
 Maryland are entitled to special consideration in a 
 work devoted to the subject will be readily conceded. 
 Ampler treatment, therefore, has been accorded to 
 Poe, Lanier, and Randall. 
 
 Sidney Lanier (born February 3rd, 1842 died 
 September 7th, 1881) was a native of Macon, Ga. He 
 died in western North Carolina and is buried in 
 the Turnbull family lot in Greenmount Cemetery, 
 Baltimore. He saw service in the Confederate 
 army and was the fellow prisoner of Father Tabb at 
 Point Lookout. The last seven years of his life, 
 1873-1881, were passed principally in Baltimore. 
 His professional career was an unresting struggle 
 against adverse conditions, disease, lack of appreci 
 ation, and want of material resources, all of which he 
 endured with heroic constancy. In his invincible de 
 votion to his ideals he may be regarded as the "Childe 
 Roland" of Southern literature. No more marked 
 and impressive tribute illustrates the purity of his 
 nature and the nobility of his character than the 
 
76 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 significant fact that in an age in which iconoclasm 
 and irreverence form part of our daily routine of 
 novelty and sensation no finger has at any time been 
 lifted against Lanier, living or dead. In the guild of 
 poets he wears his white flower, pure as snow, chaste 
 as ice, untouched by calumny. 
 
 That he must be accorded a place among the fore 
 most names in American literature there can be no 
 rational doubt. He was endowed with a musical 
 faculty as far reaching as it was wonderful, and at 
 the time of his death he had no peer perhaps in the 
 world, as lord of the flute, which in his hands was as 
 the wand of the magician. His combination of the 
 musical with the poetical gift is even more impressive 
 as illustrating the versatility of his intellect than 
 Rossetti s blending of the power of the artist in rime 
 with the grace and skill of the Pre-Raphaelite in the 
 sphere of the painter. His theory of the unity or 
 identity of music and verse has evoked hostile criti 
 cism and arrayed a school of antagonists, but his 
 views as embodied in his Science of Verse are rich in 
 suggestion, and keenness of analysis, and though as 
 sailed with aggressive energy, they have never been 
 controverted. 
 
 He who has given his days to the study of "A 
 Grammarian s Funeral" by that subtlest assertor of 
 the soul in song, Robert Browning, will read, as his 
 vision broadens to the truth, an unconscious prophecy 
 of our knightliest artist in the realms of verse. The 
 mysterious harmony that linked into unity music and 
 poesy formed the vital principle of his creed. To 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 77 
 
 those who can recall in the retrospect of vanished 
 years the pallid features of Lanier as he sat at his 
 desk in the Peabody library, he seemed to have passed 
 out of space, out of time, "voyaging through strange, 
 seas of thought alone." During his last series of lec 
 tures, 18801881, as he withstood the assaults of his 
 immitigable enemy with ideal constancy, it was almost 
 possible to see "the god within him light his face." 
 He was traveling the "via dolorosa" trod by all in 
 spired masters but the laurel crown was waiting him 
 on the shining heights, though dimly descried even by 
 the eye of faith. 
 
 Great as is Lanier, poet and lord of the domain of 
 music, Lanier the critic may be regarded as even 
 greater. Let him who cavils at this judgment devote 
 himself to the last work given by Lanier to the world, 
 Shakespeare and His Forerunners, not published until 
 1902, more than twenty years after the author had 
 passed into rest. The literature of the modern world 
 has rarely heralded a work richer in suggestion, more 
 affluent in the elements that make for the noblest in 
 spiration. The viewless arrows of his thought were 
 touched and winged with flame. 
 
 In modern literature there are few more finely 
 wrought critical deliverances than Lanier s comments 
 upon Shakespeare s poem "The Phenix and the 
 Turtle." It should form one of the choicest flowers 
 in an ideal anthology of contemporary criticism. The 
 creative faculty asserted itself in all that Lanier ac 
 complished in the field of critical procedure; the 
 fusion was as rare as it is remarkable. No one of 
 
78 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 the long array of commentators that preceded him 
 had unveiled the subtle grace of thought which 
 envelop this lyric essay of Shakespeare s dawning 
 manhood. The poem is cast in that same riming 
 form which more than two centuries later was to as 
 sure its immortality as the mould in which was set 
 the sovereign elegy of our language, Tennyson s "In 
 Memoriam." The work is radiant with the genius of 
 its author. From point to point it breaks into flashes 
 of golden light. Epigrams, terse, trenchant, fraught 
 with divination and tipped with fire, confront the 
 reader at every stage. Nor does all that has been 
 said in its praise exhaust the wealth and exhiliarating 
 power of this wonderful book. 
 
 Lanier was lord of the crisp and bristling phrase. 
 Take, as illustrations, his "dicta" in reference to the 
 character of Elizabethan English, as revealed in the 
 vocabulary of Shakespeare. 
 
 It is an inspiration, even to the non-musical in 
 tellect, to trace Lanier s theory of the relation of his 
 cherished science to the art of poetry, as it manifests 
 its power in every phase of his creation in verse. 
 However simple this theme the omnipresent musical 
 vision reveals its energy and asserts itself as a shaping 
 force. Select at random Lanier s Opposition which 
 was a light at eventide, 1879-80, for long before the 
 shades had begun to gather about him. Perhaps, 
 more wonderful than all in range and subtle divina 
 tion, is the poem to Beethoven. Nor is this the end, 
 for in the lines to Nannette Falk-Auerbach the spell 
 of Beethoven is laid upon him once more and he 
 
AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 79 
 
 breaks into a tribute to this lord of tone as rich, as 
 satisfying, as the symphonies of the master. Apart 
 from its musical charm the poem is one of Lanier s 
 most successful ventures in the field of the sonnet, 
 though not constructed in strict accord with the 
 classic model. 
 
 That the psychology of dreams should have pos 
 sessed for Lanier a resistless fascination, in accord 
 with the master spirits of his art in all ages, will excite 
 no surprise. The Harlequin of Dreams should be 
 read in connection with Henry Vaughn s "Beyond 
 the Veil/ and with Timrod s "Dreams," those two 
 masterful excursions into the shadowy land of fan 
 tasy. In those phases of his art which may be de 
 scribed as ceremonial, the functions attending them, 
 in a measure resembling those of a poet-laureate, 
 Lanier at times was marked by the rarest grace of 
 utterance and by an adaptation to times and occasions 
 as felicitous as they were unwonted. Notably does 
 this hold good of his blending of skill and tactfulness, 
 of sweetness and light, in his Ode to the Johns Hop 
 kins University, February 22nd, 1880. Never has a 
 nobler ideal been set before the eyes of a dawning 
 center of the higher intellectual culture. The ode is 
 strewn with the diamond dust of rhetorical brilliance, 
 linked with the purest wisdom and most catholic 
 philosophy of higher education. In clearness of aim 
 it stands by the side of Milton s memorable definition ; 
 as a philosophic exposition it may claim to rank with 
 Newman s "Idea of a University." The genius of 
 Lanier not only adorned but illumined whatever it 
 
8o AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 touched. In its peculiar kind nothing can be con 
 ceived of, in felicity of rhetoric or penetration of 
 thought, surpassing the lines which define the literary 
 aim and function of an institution, whose dream of 
 achievement was beginning to blossom into fixed re 
 solve and definite purpose -"Bring Shakespeare back, 
 a man and not a name," etc. 
 
 No work that Lanier has produced is touched by a 
 finer vein of humor, blending with rich .and clear dis 
 cernment, than The Crystal. It is, indeed, like 
 Browning s magic ball, in which all the glories of 
 Florence pass before the eye in purest light. The 
 sovereigns of song move in long array from "Father 
 Homer" to Tennyson. Each is illumined with a pen 
 of fire but foibles and frailties are held up to nature 
 with no trace of vindictive aim or even fleeting malice. 
 It suggests the craft of some genial Puck who had 
 absorbed for the time the brain and art of Sidney 
 Lanier. 
 
 The burden of the mystery of his theory in regard 
 to the relation of music to verse rests too heavily upon 
 his art to render it intelligible or enjoyable by the or 
 dinary intellect. For him, poetry formally contem 
 plated existed not in dactyls or spondees, in the iambus 
 or the trochee, but in terms of musical notation. 
 
 The beauty of holiness" was one of the phrases of 
 the Psalmist upon which he dwelt with increasing de 
 light. In its inverted form it was almost equally sug 
 gestive, for with Lanier as with Keats, truth was 
 beauty and beauty was truth. Yet his art was un- 
 marred by a prosaic didacticism. He stands face to 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 81 
 
 face with the truth but patience is not compelled to 
 have her perfect work in moral essay, in parable or 
 homily. The aesthetic creed of Lanier is summed up 
 in his memorable words uttered at the Johns Hopkins 
 University at a time when his conflict with the last 
 enemy was fast tending to its final stage. No nobler 
 deliverance ever fell from the lips of Ruskin or any: 
 of the sages who have unfolded the mystery of the 
 kingdom of art. In this valediction, as it were, the 
 artistic world suffers violence and our master takes it 
 by force. The vision was moving toward accom 
 plished result. His spirit rose from high to higher, as 
 the soaring altar fire mounts heavenward or as the 
 lighter and sublimated elements pass through the gross 
 and earthly envisagement into a finer and purer 
 atmosphere of their own. A double portion of the 
 divine spirit fell upon the poet as he set forth in words 
 of gold the sacred mission of his adored art. 
 
 Says Lanier : "Let any sculptor hew us out the 
 most ravishing combination of tender curves and 
 spheric softness that ever stood for woman; yet if the 
 brow be insincere or in the minutest particular, the 
 physical beauty suggest a moral ugliness, that sculptor, 
 unless he be portraying a moral ugliness for a moral 
 purpose, may as well give over his marble for paving 
 stones. Time, whose judgments are inexorably moral, 
 will not accept his work. For, indeed, we may say that 
 he who has not yet perceived how artistic beauty and 
 moral beauty are convergent lines which run back into 
 a common ideal origin, and who is therefore not afire 
 with moral beauty just as with artistic beauty ; that he, 
 
82 AUTHORS OR MARYLAND 
 
 in short, who has not come to that stage of quiet and 
 eternal frenzy in which the beauty of holiness and the 
 holiness of beauty mean one thing, burn as one fire, 
 shine as one light within him ; he is not yet the great 
 artist." 
 
 In recurring to the same theme, he breaks into a 
 discourse rich in the charm of golden phrase, mellowed 
 by the rarest moral sanity and the broadest range of 
 philosophic wisdom: "Can not one say with authority 
 to the young artist, whether working in stone, in color, 
 in tones or in character forms of the novel : So far 
 from dreading that your moral purpose will interfere 
 with your beautiful creating, go forward in the clear 
 conviction that unless you are suffused soul and body, 
 one might say with that moral purpose which finds 
 its largest expression in love, that is, the love of all 
 things in their proper relation, unless you are so suf 
 fused with this love, do not dare to meddle with beauty ; 
 unless you are suffused with beauty do not dare to 
 meddle with love; unless you are suffused with truth 
 do not dare to meddle with goodness ; in a word, un 
 less you are suffused with truth, wisdom, goodness 
 and love, abandon the hope that the ages will accept 
 you as an artist. * 
 
 In the contemplation of such a character slander is 
 disarmed, 
 
 "Nor dared the serpent at his side 
 To flicker with his double tongue/ 
 
 His sense of reverence for the ideal purity illus 
 trated in the Southern woman, enters into his creed as 
 
AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 83 
 
 a vital inspiration. Foremost among the flowers of song 
 that burst into light under this ennobling influence may 
 be cited My Springs, which finds its converse in No. 
 38 of Mrs. Browning s " Sonnets from the Portuguese." 
 The poem is its own interpreter, as the "Springs" are 
 the eyes of his wife. The witchery of woman s eyes 
 is an ancient theme with the masters of song but none 
 of those who have glorified its charm, or done homage 
 to its power, have reached a height so rare and pure 
 as this poet of the South. The poem, with its Shakes 
 pearean reminiscence of the "dying violet breath," is 
 unique in tone and touch ; not one in all the starry com 
 pany could have fused love, pure and sanctified, into 
 so rich and ethereal a harmony. 
 
 None of Lanier s creations presents him in more at 
 tractive form than the lament upon the death of 
 Bayard Taylor, 1879. As a master of elegy he stands 
 in the forefront with those who have given the notes 
 to glory in "Lycidas," "Thyrsis" and "In Memoriam." 
 
 The inspiration of Lanier s Song of the Chatta- 
 hoochee has been more than once traced to Tennyson s 
 "Brook." Yet imitation is not the badge of the typical 
 poet of the South, from Poe to Lanier, from Timrod 
 to Randall. Not one of them was a mere echoist or 
 even a blind devotee of heredity in his art. With equal 
 discrimination Lanier s poem might derive from 
 Southey s "Cataract of Lodore." Bold and untem- 
 pered as the statement may appear the work of Lanier 
 is marked by an originality of aim and execution 
 scarcely less significant than that of Poe. 
 
 Rich in far reaching thought, tracking suggestion to 
 
84 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 her inmost cell, are the judgments of Lanier upon his 
 contemporaries in the sphere of poetry. The first is 
 his estimate of Whitman: " Whitman is poetry s 
 butcher. Huge raw collops slashed from the rump of 
 poetry and never mind gristle is what Whitman feeds 
 our souls with." Again : "As near as I can make it 
 out Whitman s argument seems to be that because a 
 prairie is wide therefore debauchery is admirable, and 
 because the Mississippi is long therefore every Amer 
 ican is a God." 
 
 Of Swinburne he says : "He invited me to eat ; the 
 service was silver and gold, but no food therein save 
 pepper and salt." 
 
 Then the image of William Morris passes before us : 
 "He caught a crystal cupful of the yellow light of sun 
 set and, persuading himself to dream it wine, drank it 
 with a sort of smile." 
 
 Perhaps no one of his conceptions is wrought into 
 riper melody than in his poem Corn. Unpoetic as the 
 subject may seem the prosaic grain is etherealized into 
 a vision of beauty fraught with grave lessons and 
 wisdom. As an illustration of the process of reason 
 ing in verse it might take rank with Dryden, to whom 
 Lanier reveals a likeness at other points than the one 
 indicated. Some of the noblest purple patches woven 
 by Lanier into the texture of our tongue may be traced 
 to this poem; the metaphoric art has rarely been 
 equalled, even by the lords of golden rhetoric. 
 
 There has not appeared in contemporary times a 
 more fascinating theme for the master of the elegy 
 than Lanier. Another "Adonais" or "Thyrsis" may 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 85 
 
 yet emerge to idealize without overdrawing the win 
 some and resistless elements that were illustrated in 
 his harmoniously blended character the mingling of 
 sweetness and light with vigor of mind and untamable 
 fortitude of soul. Here, if ever in literary annals, are 
 concretely portrayed the sublime mildness and "the 
 spirit without spot," the shaping faculty of imagination 
 with the finely touched genius of analysis that tempers 
 the exuberance of the creative power and subdues it 
 to conformity with the grace and the chasteness of 
 overmastering art. 
 
 The range and richness of Lanier s poetry has not 
 been exhausted. One extract or specimen merely 
 quickens the appetite. It does not pall or wither. 
 Subtle and recondite as he is no critic surpasses Lanier 
 in power of suggestion. One is analyzing as he reads, 
 interpreting as he passes from point to point. He 
 halts to investigate and pauses to evolve the latent sig 
 nificance implicit in the phrase. In this regard he at 
 times recalls Browning. Yet Lanier is never wantonly 
 obscure or enigmatic. The sometime lack of clearness 
 is not the outcome of artistic abandon or recklessness. 
 Nor does it proceed, as with Browning, from an over 
 flow of vocabulary, a simple exuberance of words. The 
 strong metaphysical strain in his nature and the con 
 stant endeavor to illustrate his basal theory of the 
 identity of music and verse, are sufficient to account 
 for the seeming cloud that interposes between the mind 
 of the author and the apprehension of the reader. 
 
 Still, with all his rare and radiant gifts in the sphere 
 of poetry the student inclines to the conviction that his 
 
86 AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 
 
 fame will abide most securely upon his achievements in 
 the field of criticism. His mind was of that germina 
 ting, inspiring type, which at times calls back the 
 image of Coleridge. It may be fairly claimed that 
 Lanier has set up an unattainable standard, enunciated 
 an impossible ideal. The patterns of things in the 
 heavens were his types and his exemplars. His con 
 ception of beauty was rather the Platonic vision the 
 divine breaking through the human. He would have 
 found its most perfect expression in the transfigura 
 tion of his Crystal the Christ 
 
 "In loveliness of perfect deeds 
 More strong than all poetic thought." 
 
 Despite the unrealizable character of his aesthetic 
 standard, no man ever more nearly approached its il 
 lustration and illumination in life and experience than 
 Lanier. His artistic dream was almost an allegory or 
 parable of himself. With human hands he wrought 
 and exemplified this creed of creeds, this confession of 
 faith for the framer of speech, the artificer in brass or 
 marble, the fashioner of symphonies and harmonies, 
 for the sculptor who discerned the angel in the block, 
 the musician that reared a palace of sound to which the 
 heavens descended in adoration, the lords of the pencil 
 and brush, infusing into the canvas some inexplicable 
 but invincible radiance, the overflow or impartation of 
 the divine spirit, when God and nature meet in 
 light. That the fame of Lanier will ripen with 
 the increasing years, as that of Poe has done in so 
 marked and brilliant a measure, admits of no rational 
 
AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 87 
 
 question. The process has already begun, the wave is 
 setting across the sea. It is but the dawn of his day. 
 A nature so eminently catholic, untouched by the sec 
 tarian taint or the note of provinciality, with a faculty 
 of assimilation Shakesperean in its range, will broaden 
 from more to more in the light of the unrevealed ages. 
 Fame is no plant that grows on mortal soil," and the 
 divine arbitrament will accord to Lanier a place among 
 those ethereal spirits who stand first by the throne in 
 the brightest heaven of song. 
 
 The life of Lanier has been written by Dr. Edward 
 Mims of North Carolina, 1905. The following list 
 includes all his characteristic works : Poems, edited 
 by his wife, with a memorial by William Hayes Ward, 
 1890; The Science of English Verse, 1880; The Eng-\ 
 lish Novel and the Principle of its Development, 1883 ; 
 The Boy s Froissart, 1878; The Boy s King Arthur, 
 1880; Knightly Legends of Wales, 1881 ; The Boy s 
 Percy, 1882; Tiger-Lilies, 1867; The Lanier Book; 
 Selections in Prose and Verse; Retrospects and Pros 
 pects; The Centennial Meditation of Columbus; 
 Shakespeare and His Forerunners, 1902; Letters of 
 Sidney Lanier, 1899. 
 
 An admirable Lanier bibliography, the work of Pro 
 fessor George S. Wills of Baltimore, may be found in 
 the "Publications of the Southern History Associ 
 ation," for July, 1899. Professor Wills has covered 
 the ground with the utmost care and minuteness of de 
 tail and his labors are worthy of the strongest com 
 mendation from all lovers and students of Lanier. 
 
vi 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE MARYLAND AUTHORS TO THE CLOSE 
 OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE MARYLAND AUTHORS TO THE CLOSE 
 OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 
 
 The closing period of the nineteenth century was 
 productive in more than one sphere of activity in 
 Maryland. Colonel William Allan (born 1837 
 died 1889), a native of Virginia, falls properly within 
 its limits and is entitled to special recognition by 
 reason of his eminent services to the development of 
 education in Maryland as well as his valuable con 
 tributions to military history. He won distinguished 
 rank in the Confederate army and enjoyed the marked 
 confidence of General Robert E. Lee. At the close of 
 the War between the States he became professor in 
 Washington College, now Washington and Lee Uni 
 versity. In 1873 he was elected first principal of the 
 McDonogh School, near Baltimore, and by his skill 
 in organization and administration advanced it to the 
 highest standard of efficiency. 
 
 In 1880 he published Stonewall Jackson s Campaign 
 in the Valley of Virginia, 1861-62, a work of extraor 
 dinary interest and rich in instruction to the student of 
 strategy. 
 
 In addition to his gifts of administration Colonel 
 Allen was a scholar of broad acquirements and was 
 master of lucid vigorous English. He was educated 
 
92 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 at the University of Virginia. Colonel Allen is en 
 titled to rank among the foremost names in the history 
 of Maryland, contemplated from an intellectual point 
 of view, combining as few men have done, critical ac 
 quirement with a genius for practical and material 
 achievement. 
 
 George William Brown (born 1812 died 1890), 
 a native of Baltimore, lawyer and jurist, was the 
 author of The Relation of the Legal Profession to 
 Society; Baltimore and the Nineteenth of April, 1861; 
 The Origin and Growth of Civil Liberty in Maryland. 
 
 Judge Brown was a zealous champion of every 
 movement having for its aim the advancement of the 
 intellectual and educational culture of his own city. He 
 was one of the original trustees of the Peabody In 
 stitute and the Johns Hopkins University. 
 
 John H. B. Latrobe (1803-1891) though born in 
 Philadelphia was thoroughly identified with Baltimore, 
 which was his home during the active years of his long 
 and varied life. He was by profession a lawyer but 
 his intellectual energy asserted itself in diverse forms 
 and was to the last devoted to the promotion and dif 
 fusion of culture in art, in history, and in the sphere 
 of technical education. He was the founder of the 
 Maryland Institute, President of the Maryland His 
 torical Society, and one of its most zealous members, 
 enlivening its sessions with his rich and far-reaching 
 reminiscences and his stores of knowledge which took 
 the range of the modern world for their province. 
 
 Mr. Latrobe was a member of the committee which 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 93 
 
 awarded the "One Hundred Dollar Prize" to Edgar 
 Allan Poe for his "Manuscript Found in a Bottle," 
 1833, John P. Kennedy being one of his colleagues. 
 Among his contributions to literature are his Personal 
 Recollections; The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; 
 Colonization; Notice of Victor Hugo s Views of 
 Slavery in the United States; The Capitol and Wash 
 ington at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century; 
 Three Great Battles; A Lost Chapter in the History of 
 the Steamboat; The History of Mason omd Dixon s 
 Line; Hints for Six Months in Europe. During his 
 early manhood Mr. Latrobe cultivated fiction and was 
 a contributor to the "Atlantic Souvenir," under the 
 pseudonym of "Godfrey Wallace." The Esmeralda 
 and The Heroine of Suli date from this youthful 
 period. 
 
 A foremost place in Catholic literature and critical 
 scholarship, in so far as they are associated with the 
 history of Maryland, must be conceded to Brother 
 Azarias (born 1847 died 1893), a native of Ireland. 
 His name was Patrick Francis Mullany. At an 
 early age he removed to the United States and deter 
 mined to devote himself to the profession of teaching. 
 After receiving his preliminary training, in 1866, at 
 the age of nineteen, he became professor of litera 
 ture and mathematics in Rock Hill College, Ellicott 
 City, a position which he retained until 1879 when he 
 succeeded to the presidency. In 1886 he retired from 
 the administration of the college and passed two years 
 in European libraries, principally those of London and 
 
94 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 Paris, engaged in study and research. In 1888 he be 
 came professor of English at La Salle Institute, New 
 York, in which position he remained until his death. 
 
 As he grew in years Brother Azarias cast off his al 
 legiance to the science of mathematics and concen 
 trated his energies upon the pursuit of literature, above 
 all the literature of the English language. He may 
 be fairly described as one of the leading lights of 
 Catholic scholarship in our time, endowed in an emi 
 nent degree with the critical faculty and the art of 
 illuminating the complex and subtle themes which are 
 associated with the processes of literary development. 
 His power of production was varied and far-reaching 
 as the accompanying list of works issued by him during 
 his comparatively short life will amply attest. His 
 first independent work was An Essay Contributing to 
 a Study of Literature, 1874. Among his minor publi 
 cations Mary, Queen of May, written for the "Ave 
 Maria," is regarded as the most attractive. The De 
 velopment of Old English Thought appeared in 1879; 
 Books and Reading, 1889. Phases of Thought and 
 Criticism, 1892, consists of four special studies, Ralph 
 Waldo Emerson, Cardinal Newman, Tennyson s "In 
 Memoriam" and Dante s "Divine Comedy," and may 
 be regarded as the author s crown of glory jn the 
 sphere of literary achievement.* 
 
 The name of Severn Teackle Wallis (born 1816 
 died 1894) is linked with the intellectual life of his 
 
 * A "Life of Brother Azarias," by Rev. John Talbot Smith, 
 LL.D., was published in 1897. See also the sketch in the 
 "Catholic Cyclopedia" by Brother Chrysostom. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 95 
 
 native State in the sphere of pure and ennobling liter 
 ary culture, as well as in the field of the law, of which 
 he may be regarded as one of the most brilliant and dis 
 tinguished ornaments. In addition to his acquirements 
 in his profession, he was a man of broad and varied 
 culture and was endowed with a rare poetic sensibility, 
 as is attested by his ventures in verse, above all The 
 Blessed Hand, in which pathos, power and chasteness 
 of conception blend into harmony with grace and skill 
 of execution. 
 
 Mr. Wallis was associated with nearly every or 
 ganization or institution having for its aim the higher 
 intellectual culture, such as the Peabody Institute, the 
 University of Maryland and the Maryland Historical 
 Society. Despite an absorbing legal career he devoted 
 his energies to the pursuit of authorship. Glimpses of 
 Spam, 1849 ; Spain, Her Institutions, Politics and Pub 
 lic Men, 1853, are the outcome of his labors in this 
 special field. The addresses, eulogies, etc., delivered 
 by Mr. Wallis on occasions in themselves historic have 
 rarely been excelled in appropriateness of thought as 
 well as felicity and mastery of language. Worthy of 
 unqualified commendation are those upon the character 
 of General Robert E. Lee, George Peabody, and Chief 
 Justice Taney. 
 
 Not less brilliant in their peculiar province were his 
 contributions to Bledsoe s "Southern Review" in 
 reference to the issues involved in the War between 
 the States. 
 
 In his command of sarcasm and invective Mr. Wallis 
 
96 AUTHORS Of MARYLAND 
 
 has not been surpassed by any controversialist of con 
 temporary times. His gifts in this dangerous field 
 were illustrated in affluent measure during the several 
 political campaigns in which he played the part of 
 protagonist in the fiercely contested arena where op 
 posing champions were arrayed in line of battle. 
 Some of his utterances that trace their inspiration to 
 the relentless strife of those grim-visaged days will not 
 suffer by comparison with those immortal phillipics of 
 the eighteenth century which are suggested by the name 
 of "Junius." Not untouched at times with a needless 
 asperity of expression, their pungency and vigor, as 
 well as their power of verbal combination, evoke ad 
 miration, even when reason fails to concur or dissents 
 without reserve from the conclusions of the writer. 
 Of Mr. Wallis it could never be affirmed by his most 
 rancorous antagonist that "declamation roared while 
 passion slept." No small part of his contributions to 
 the vital issues of his day has impressed itself upon 
 the genius of modern speech. More than one of his 
 addresses has attained the dignity of a classic. 
 
 The works of Mr. Wallis have been edited with 
 characteristic accuracy and thoroughness by Dr. Will 
 iam Hand Browne, of Baltimore, 1896. 
 
 Rev. John Gottlieb Morris, D.D. (born 1803 died 
 1895), a native of Pennsylvania, passed his active life 
 principally in Baltimore. A clergyman of the Luthe 
 ran Church, he was the founder of the "Lutheran Ob 
 server" and professor of natural history in the Uni- 
 
AUTHORS OH MARYLAND 97 
 
 versity of Maryland. He was also the first librarian 
 of the Peabody Institute. Dr. Morris cultivated 
 authorship in a variety of fields. His characteristic 
 works are: Popular Exposition of the Gospels; 
 Catherine de Bora; The Diet of Augsburg; The Lords 
 Baltimore; Bibliotheca Lutheran. He also translated 
 into English "A Day in /Capernaum," by Dezlitsch, 
 and the "Life of Luther," by Kostlin. 
 
 John Thomas Scharf (born 1843 died 1898) by 
 profession a lawyer and journalist, devoted his life to 
 historical research and to the preparation of works 
 illustrating the origin and development of his native 
 State. His contributions to this special subject as 
 sumed a varied form, lectures, reviews, addresses, in 
 addition to the several elaborate treatises which illus 
 trate his energy and assiduity in his favorite field. 
 Notable among these are The Chronicles of Baltimore, 
 1874 ; History of Maryland from the Earliest Times to 
 the Present Day, 3 vols., 1879; History of Western 
 Maryland; The Natural and Industrial Resources of 
 Maryland. He also wrote a History of Delaware and 
 in 1884 published, in connection with Thompson West- 
 cott, a History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, 3 volls. 
 
 Mr. Scharf was animated by a genuine enthusiasm 
 for the history of Maryland as well as an ardent desire 
 to render it accessible in trustworthy narrative in 
 every phase of its growth and in every epoch of its 
 expansion. To attain this high end he spared no ex 
 penditure of money and shrank from no drudgery 
 
98 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 involved in research, however painful or exacting. 
 The explorations of a future day will bring to light 
 novel and unexpected sources of knowledge, but his 
 work will abide the test of time and the revelations of 
 historic sources into which he did not enter. Mr. 
 Scharf served with honor in the Confederate Army 
 from 1861 to 1865. 
 
 Rev. Philip C. Friese (born 1816 died 1898), a 
 Baltimorean, published in 1890, Semitic Philosophy; 
 Showing the Ultimate Social and Scientific Outcome of 
 Original Christianity in its Conflict with Surviving 
 Ancient Heathenism, a scholarly, thoughtful and stim 
 ulating work. No theme drawn from the field of his 
 tory is more fascinating and suggestive or involves a 
 wider range of complex problems. In addition Mr. 
 Friese published An Essay on Wages or A Working- 
 man s Tariff; An Essay on Party, Showing its Uses 
 and Abuses, illustrating his eager and comprehensive 
 interest in the vital economic issues that lie at the 
 heart of our modern civilization. He seems to have 
 blended the temperament and attainment of the scholar 
 with the keen perception of the enlightened man of the 
 world a rare harmony in contemporary life but one 
 always prophetic of progress in its most rational and 
 attractive form. 
 
 Colonel Richard Malcom Johnston (born 1822 
 died 1898), a native of Georgia, began his life in 
 Baltimore in 1867. He was versatile in intellect and 
 achievement, having devoted himself to law, literature 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 99 
 
 and education. In connection with Dr. William Hand 
 Browne he prepared an Outline of English Literature, 
 as well as a BiograpJiy of Alexander H. Stephens, 
 1878. Col. Johnston was also the author of Georgia 
 Sketches; Dukesborough Talcs; Old Mark Langston; 
 Two Gray Tourists; Autobiography; Mr. Absalom 
 Billing si e a and Other Georgia Folk; The Early Mar 
 jority of Mr. Thomas Watts; Lectures on Literature; 
 Old Times in Middle Georgia; Pearce Emerson s, 
 Will; Mr. Billy Downs and His Likes; The Primes 
 and Their Neighbors. Many of Col. Johnston s 
 stories are marked by a bracing humor which appeals 
 with especial force to all who are imbued with the 
 genius and the traditions of the ancient South. 
 
 General Bradley Tyler Johnson (born 1829 died 
 1903), a native of Frederick, Md., was by profession 
 a law r yer and in addition to his legal acquirements was 
 a man of broad and generous culture especially in the 
 sphere of history. He was the author of George 
 Washington; The Foundation of Maryland; Maryland; 
 Memoir of the Life of General Joseph E. Johnston, 
 1891 ; The United States Circuit Courts for the Fourth 
 Circuit, 1865-69; Essays and Addresses. His work 
 in the early history of Maryland elicited warm com 
 mendation from so eminent an authority as Mr. Glad 
 stone. The Memoir of General Joseph E. Johnston is 
 a vigorous and convincing vindication of the fame of 
 this distinguished soldier, whose career has been the 
 occasion of prolonged and acrimonious controversy, 
 and the Carolinas is entitled to rank as a military 
 
ioo AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 The description of Sherman s campaign in Georgia 
 classic. General Johnson was one of the most brilliant 
 representatives of Maryland in the service of the 
 Southern Confederacy. 
 
 John Williamson Palmer, M.D. (born 1825 
 died 1906) was a native of Baltimore and died there. 
 His life was marked by an extraordinary diversity 
 and richness of experience. By profession a physician 
 he entered the field of journalism, was correspondent 
 of the "New York Tribune" during the Civil War, 
 also a special contributor to the "Century Dictionary" 
 and "Standard Dictionary," as well as to the leading 
 periodicals of his time. He traveled widely in India 
 and in the East, combining literary faculty with a 
 genius for observation and exploration. Among his 
 productions may be named Aunt Judy; Chesapeake 
 Bay; Old Georgetown; Old Homes and Ways in 
 Maryland; Theodosia Burr; The Wrecker s Story; 
 Strange Countries to See; The Queen s Heart, a 
 comedy; Folk Songs. He translated from the French 
 Michelet s "L Amour," "La Femme" and "Histoire 
 Morale des Femmes." 
 
 Dr. Palmer was endowed with a vigorous lyric 
 faculty and in this regard stands in the foremost rank 
 of representative Maryland poets. The Fight at San 
 Jatinto, The Maryland Battalion, For Charlie s Sake, 
 Ned Braddock and Stonewall Jackson s Way, illus 
 trate his poetic capacity in its purest and most attrac 
 tive phases. In his ballad creations notably is this true 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 101 
 
 of For Charlie s Sake. There is a blending of pathos 
 and power rarely paralleled by modern ventures in this 
 ancient poetic sphere. The best known of Dr. Palmer s 
 creations, Stonewall Jackson s Way, was written at 
 Oakland, in Western Maryland, during the progress 
 of the battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), September 
 I7th, 1862, and within sound of the guns. The poem 
 leaped to life under the inspiration of the conflict, the 
 bloodiest single day that marked the long carnival of 
 the War between the States. 
 
 James Ryder Randall (Jan. ist, 1839 Jan. 15th, 
 1908) was a native of Baltimore. He died at Augusta, 
 Ga. The story of his life is related with admirable 
 clearness and conciseness by Matthew Page Andrews 
 in his edition of Randall s poems, published in April, 
 1910. Mr. Andrews has also given to the world the 
 first thoroughly authentic and consistent account of 
 the origin of My Maryland with which the name and 
 fame of Randall are forever associated. In the 
 "Library of Southern Literature," Vol. X, there is a 
 judicious and discriminating estimate, also by Mr. 
 Andrews, of the place of Randall in American litera 
 ture. 
 
 The poet received his early scholastic training from 
 Joseph H. Clarke, an austere and exact teacher of the 
 ancient English type, in whose academy at Richmond 
 Poe had been prepared for the University of Virginia. 
 When a lad of eleven years Randall was admitted into 
 the preparatory department of Georgetown College. 
 
102 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 The poetic instinct developed even in this period of 
 mere dawn and asserted its power in the stanzas which 
 he sent to his mother entitled On First Seeing George 
 town College. The devotion to his alma mater which 
 reveals itself at this embryonic stage is illustrated in 
 more graceful and finished form in the matured 
 growth of his verse and above all in his Sunday 
 Revery. He was the center of poetical inspiration in 
 the college, the literary oracle of his classmates. The 
 Ode to Professor Dimitry, written at eighteen, will 
 sustain a favorable comparison with similar creations 
 of college laureates even in the foremost eras of our 
 literary history when Milton or Tennyson practised 
 his unfleged art. 
 
 At the close of his Georgetown life, Randall, after 
 extended travels in the far Southern States, the West 
 Indies and South America, accepted the chair of Eng 
 lish Literature in Poyclras College, Point Coupee, 
 Louisiana. The institution was at the time in a pros 
 perous condition but the spectre of grim visnged war 
 rose before him like a darkening cloud, and his pro 
 fessional career was brought to a close by the absorb 
 ing struggle which paralyzed every form of educa 
 tional activity throughout the states that formed the 
 Southern Confederacy. It was during his residence 
 at Point Coupee that My Maryland leaped into life, 
 April 23rd, 1861. The circumstances of its origin, the 
 source of its inspiration, have long become a familial- 
 incident of current history associated with the first pass 
 at arms which ushered in the drama of the War be- 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 103 
 
 tween the States. The message fell upon his ears, the 
 attack upon the Sixth Massachusetts regiment in the 
 streets of his native city, April I9th, 1861. He retired 
 to rest and as he was musing the fire burned. Then 
 he spoke as if his tongue were touched with living 
 flame. The innate power of the song swept across the 
 land as soon as its notes fell upon the vernal air of 
 1861. It pierced the heart of English speech like one 
 of the melodies of Burns or a ballad drawn from the 
 golden days of our native literature. North and South 
 blend in the harmony; sectional discords, the long 
 drawn strife of ages, fade into shadow or pale into 
 eclipse as its almost mystic strain falls upon the dor 
 mant senses. 
 
 There can be no more impressive illustration of 
 poetic power than the simple fact that an appeal in 
 spired by a political situation which prevailed in a 
 single border state should have broken down all geo 
 graphical barriers and traversed the land from sea to 
 sea. In its blending into harmony, the historic invo 
 cation, the fire of passion and the logical faculty, My 
 Maryland is unique in the literature of our mother 
 speech. The Platonic, ideal is illustrated in perfection, 
 for intellect, affections, will, fuse into an incomparable 
 unity. 
 
 My Maryland has so nearly won a monopoly of 
 Randall s fame that students of literature as well as 
 editors of poetical collections may be found who have 
 not learned, even at this late day, that there are other 
 stars in his crown as radiant as the peerless song which 
 
104 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 is for all time linked with his memory. At Arlington, 
 1869, was in Randall s own judgment the finest flower 
 of his art. "I have never equalled it," he said to the 
 writer within a few months of the bodeful January 
 day in 1908 which chronicled his death in the far off 
 South. The incident on which it is founded is familiar 
 to all who recall the decade that immediately succeeded 
 the War between the States. The poem, despite its 
 excellence of form and ideal purity of thought, has 
 never seized upon the heart of the South as did My 
 Maryland from the hour that its clarion call broke 
 upon the calmness of an April evening in 1861. In 
 the former instance the South was aflame with fire and 
 aglee with hope. Randall spoke out loud and bold for 
 an entire people. The soul of a cause breathed 
 through his words. The latter poem was written when 
 hope had lost her youth and was slowly fading into 
 ^despair. 
 
 In the work of Randall which traces its origin to 
 the national conflict a foremost place must be assigned 
 to Pclham, March, 1863. The charm of the hero adds 
 lustre to the poem, for the character of the youthful 
 artilleryman reveals a likeness to such stars of chivalry 
 as Sidney and Falkland, glorified in eulogy and 
 idealized in song. Randall s muse never attained a 
 loftier flight than in the seventh stanza of Pelham: 
 
 "We gaze d and gazed upon that beauteous face, 
 
 While round the lips and eyes, 
 Couched in their marble slumber, flashed 
 The grace of a Divine surprise." 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 105 
 
 Neither Keats nor Tennyson has surpassed in his 
 most auspicious mood the radiant grace of conception 
 and form illustrated in the final lines. Robert Brown 
 ing, too often regardless of artistic detail in execution, 
 affords a striking analogy in his After: 
 
 "How he lies in his rights of a man. 
 Death has done all death can 
 And absorbed in the new life he leads, 
 He recks not, he heeds 
 
 Nor his wrong nor my vengeance: both strike 
 On his senses alike, 
 And are lost in the solemn and strange 
 Surprise of the change." 
 
 Thus far the poems that have been the subject of 
 comment were such as drew their inspiration from the 
 supreme conflict of American history, 1861-65. The 
 range of Randall s muse was much broader and more 
 varied than is represented in the work which has its 
 origin in this period of storm and stress. Nor does 
 the excellence of his war poetry exhaust itself with 
 the enumeration already given, for On the Rampart, 
 The Lone Sentry, Memorial Day, The Unconquered 
 Banner, At Fort Pillow, Placide Bossier, The Battle 
 Cry of the South, reveal at a glance the source from 
 which they sprang. As a poet of the South alone his 
 was the deepest voice lifted up during the long agony 
 of "Ethnogenesis," idealized by Timrod, in which 
 name, hope, all save memories and unfulfilled dreams, 
 faded into eclipse. 
 
 Still not war alone but the gay and the lively as well 
 
io6 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 as the pathetic and the austere fell under the sway of 
 Randall. Not his art merely but the strong spiritual 
 instinct than marked his nature drew him to the ser 
 vice of religion through the ministration of the sacred 
 muse. The genius of Herbert, Crashaw, Vaughan 
 and Keble, is in pure accord with the finely touched 
 and hallowed notes that find utterance in Resurgam. 
 One is tempted to regret that Randall did not devote 
 himself more diligently to the culture of religious 
 poetry. The most genial of companions, "dowered 
 with the hate of hate, the scorn of scorn, the love of 
 love," and gifted at the same time with the keenest 
 appreciation of the ludicrous and the humorous phases 
 of our complex life, an intense religious earnestness 
 pervaded his nature. What he accomplished in Re 
 surgam or Easter Hymn is an earnest of the ripe re 
 sults he might have produced had he entered more 
 frequently and liberally into this sphere of his art. 
 The author of My Maryland had in his nature the 
 moral fibre of which heroes and martyrs are made as 
 well as Southwell, the Jesuit of the sacred lyre, who 
 was contemporary with Sidney, Spenser, Raleigh and 
 the dawning days of Shakespeare. "The blade, the 
 shot, the bowl," did not fall to Randall s lot but there 
 was the shadow and the cloud, at times lightened by 
 the silver lining. The sadness of his earthly day, 
 however, never developed in his trustful heart more 
 than a fleeting trace of gloom ; the eclipse was partial 
 and but for a moment. The spirit of misanthropy 
 never gained the mastery ; from the occultation of the 
 hour he emerged into new light. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 107 
 
 The sacred vein in Randall s nature did not exhaust 
 its energy with Resurgam. Still it never again re 
 vealed its power in so vigorous and finely tempered 
 an utterance. Labor and Prayer may foe accorded 
 the second place in this especial province of his art. 
 The fourth line of the final stanza takes rank as one 
 of the most striking and suggestive conceptions in 
 contemporary poetry : 
 
 "Faith, to illume the coming day, 
 That wakes the tragic trance of dust." 
 
 In no phase of his varied production does Randall 
 reflect his inner life more vividly than in his Sunday 
 Revery. In the acutest sense it is autobiographical, 
 as self-revealing as "In Memoriam" and far more 
 deeply so than "Lycidas" or "Adonais." To Randall, 
 Maryland was ever home. Time, distance, long years 
 of separation, could not efface or even obscure the 
 charm which invested the land of his nativity. It 
 grew into an idealized dream, like the memory of a 
 virgin love, as the increasing decades ran their pain 
 ful course. 
 
 It was but natural that a spirit susceptible and re 
 sponsive as Randall s should have been touched by the 
 magic of Keats, the "Young Lycidas" of our poetry, 
 whose name if "writ in water" was still, as Saintsbury 
 quaintly suggests, "written in. the water of life." The 
 English cemetery in Rome upon which the Maryland 
 poet had never looked with his earthly eyes, had for 
 him the same charm that it possessed for Shelley and 
 Matthew Arnold. Few spots, even in Rome, are 
 
io8 AUTHORS OP MARYLAND 
 
 richer in inspiration ; for past and present, the antique 
 and the modern world, blend into harmony. No 
 marvel that the genius of the place appealed to the 
 genius of Randall. Who can withstand the Cor 
 Cordium and the matchless lines from The Tempest? 
 Not assuredly one cast in the ethereal mould of 
 Randall. His Keats takes rank as one of the first of 
 his works, in conception and in execution, It may be 
 assigned the foremost place among those that have no 
 relation to the supreme issues of 1861-65. 
 
 Other illustrations of his radiant and varied fancy, 
 such as La Fete des Morts, The Oriel Window, Lost 
 and Saved, Ha! Hal, Why the Robin s Breast is Red, 
 Far Out at Sea, may be easily cited. Nor do these 
 exhaust his affluent art. They merely suggest its 
 range and versatility. He is now no longer concealed 
 in mouldering journals, illegible scrap books, or col 
 lections of Southern poetry arranged by undiscerning 
 editors who destroy his identity by laying violent hands 
 upon the very spelling of his name. That he was the 
 last great voice of the South, no rational judgment can 
 question. Timrod, Lanier, Hayne, Hope, Palmer, 
 preceded him into the world of light. That he will 
 enter into his heritage in due season is already an 
 assured result. The process has begun. A few 
 stanzas of inspired verse have carried the fame of his 
 native state beyond the bounds of civilization, fusing 
 passion, logic, historic appeal, into a synthesis such 
 as has no parallel in the long and richly dowered 
 records of English speech. 
 
 Four years intervene between the Ode to Professor 
 
AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 109 
 
 Dimitry, the fine fancy of a lad of eighteen, 1857, and 
 the advent of that matchless ode, 1861, which has 
 girdled the globe with its music. That Tennyson 
 should have written "A Dream of Fair Women" and 
 "The Palace of Art" at twenty-one and Rossetti "The 
 Blessed Damozel" at eighteen, are no greater marvels 
 than the feat achieved by Randall when a youth of 
 twenty-two. The period of his novitiate at George 
 town to the coming of My Maryland is not merely a 
 transformation but a transfiguration, to which the his 
 tory of literature suggests few parallels and the record 
 of poetical development in America perhaps not one. 
 
 The genius of Randall, however, had not its range 
 exclusively in the sphere of poetry. There were other 
 fields in which his spirit had its walk. His prose as 
 well as verse attests his literary instinct, his faculty of 
 adaptation and assimilation, his grasp upon the vital 
 issues of our modern life. For a series of years he 
 was absorbed in the relentless toil involved in journal 
 ism. During nearly half a century My Maryland lived 
 principally upon the lips of the singers. Even now 
 there are some who have heard its resistless strain 
 that do not know the name of the author. The 
 marvellous vitality that binds it in a golden unity 
 shielded every line from the faintest touch of on 
 coming decay. The laurel wreath was won on the 
 evening of that April day that brought the thrilling 
 tidings from his native city. In the purer light of our 
 broadening age, with calm of mind and passion spent, 
 not the laurel alone but the aureole will rest upon the 
 head of the most representative of Maryland poets. 
 
VH 
 
 WOMEN WRITERS OF MARYLAND DURING THE LAST 
 HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE 
 FIRST DECADE OF THE TWENTIETH. 
 
JAMES RYDER RANDALL 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 
 WOMEN WRITERS OF MARYLAND DURING THE LAST 
 
 HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE 
 
 FIRST DECADE OF THE TWENTIETH. 
 
 It is within a comparatively recent period that 
 women have asserted their power in the sphere of 
 authorship. Many of the most brilliant epochs of cre 
 ation had passed into history before the genius of 
 woman, save in rare and isolated instances, became a 
 recognized force in the field of literature. It was her 
 mission rather to inspire productivity on the part of 
 the other sex, especially in lyric poetry, than to voice 
 her ideals and aspirations through the medium of verse 
 or prose. One does not forget the Byzantine Empire 
 on the Italian Renaissence. Still, the essential ac 
 curacy of the generalization will abide the test of 
 critical scrutiny. 
 
 In our newly developed American civilization the 
 same law applies, though it is marked by notable de 
 viations from the prevailing tendency, such as the 
 early women novelists and poets of New England. 
 In Maryland, literature, as an art or a vocation, did 
 not develop its energy or assume a definite character, 
 in so far as it relates to the female sex, until the nine 
 teenth century had advanced toward its middle period 
 and such master lights as Pinkney and Poe had won 
 
H4 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 their laurels and rested from their labors. Mrs. 
 Welby was born in 1819 and died in 1852; Mrs. Lewis 
 was born in 1824 and lived until 1880; but it is fair to 
 assume that the greater part of her work in poetry 
 was accomplished in her early years or by the middle 
 of the nineteenth century. With these two one traces 
 with at least an approach to chronological precision 
 an assured beginning of authorship on the part of 
 women in Maryland. That, from the dawn of her 
 history, the state had been graced by the charm of 
 cultured women, who loved literature for its own sake, 
 may be regarded as beyond question, but the pursuit 
 of authorship and the writing of books as a profes 
 sion, if not as a recreation or diversion, in its relation 
 to women, takes its definite beginning not far from 
 the time that has been indicated. 
 
 Mrs. Estelle Anna Blanche Lewis (born 1824 
 died 1880) was a native of Maryland. Her closing 
 years were passed in England. She was an active 
 contributor to periodical literature but her fame is 
 principally associated with her labors in the field of 
 poetry. Worthy of especial note is The Forsaken, 
 which elicited from Edgar A. Poe marked commenda 
 tion in "American Literati." This poem is touched 
 by rare beauty and grace and Poe s eulogy was not a 
 mere conventional tribute to woman. In addition 
 Mrs. Lewis was the author of The King s Strategem; 
 Helnah; Child of the Sea; Records of the Heart? 
 Florence; Zenel; Melpomene; Laone ; The Last Hours 
 of Sappho; The Bride of Guayaquil and La Vega. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 115 
 
 Miss Anna Ella Carroll (born 1815 died 1894). 
 is memorable as a Maryland woman who played an 
 important part as a political controversialist during 
 the War between the States, as well as the period of 
 storm and stress that heralded its coming. Among 
 her varied contributions in this sphere may be named 
 A Great American Battle or the Contest Between 
 Christianity and Political Romanism; The Star of the 
 West or National Men and National Manners; Re 
 view, of Pierces Administration, 1853-57; Reply to 
 the Speech of Hon. John C. Breckenridge; The Union 
 of the States ; The Constitutional Powers of the Presi 
 dent to Make Arrests; The War Powers of the 
 Government; The Relation of Revolted Citizens to the 
 National Government, the last, it is said, being written 
 at the special request of Abraham Lincoln, 
 
 Miss Carroll was a woman of literary ability and 
 during the War between the States devoted her powers 
 as a writer to the strenuous and uncompromising ad 
 vocacy of the cause of the National Government. 
 The first volume of a biography of Miss Carroll, en 
 titled "A Military Genius," and prepared by Miss 
 S. E. Blacknall, appeared in 1891. The second vol 
 ume is entitled "War Papers in Aid of the Govern 
 ment." Perhaps no woman of that dramatic period 
 was a more devoted and gifted champion of the con 
 servation of the Federal Union or a more marked and 
 recognized controversial force in the complex issues 
 which characterized the critical stage of our political 
 development extending from 1861 to 1865. 
 
n6 AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 
 
 Mrs. Almira Hart Phelps (born 1793 died 
 1884), was a native of Connecticut and a sister of 
 Emma Willard. Her long and active life was devoted 
 to the education of young ladies, but she found time 
 for the culture of literature and was the author of 
 more than one book. Among her works may be 
 named as worthy of special commemoration The Blue 
 Ribbon Society; The School Girls Rebellion; Christian 
 Households; Familiar Lectures on Botany; Our Coun 
 try and its Relation to the Present, Past and Future; 
 The Fireside Friend. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Wormley Latimer (born 
 1822 died 1904), was a native of London, England. 
 Her father was a Virginian. She married a Balti- 
 morean. Mrs. Latimer was a prolific and vigorous 
 writer, her works embracing a varied range of 
 subjects. Among them are: A Chain of Errors; 
 England in the Nineteenth Century; Europe in the 
 Nineteenth Century; FcumiUar Talks on Some of 
 Shakespeare s Comedies; France in the Nineteenth 
 Century; Italy in the Nineteenth Century; Judea from 
 Cyrus to Titus; The Last Years of the Nineteenth 
 Century; My Wife and My Wife s Sister; The Prince 
 Incognito; Princess Amelia; Russia and Turkey in 
 the Nineteenth Century; Salvage; Spain in the Nine 
 teenth Century; My Scrapbook of the French Revo 
 lution. She translated "Talks of Napoleon at St. 
 Helena" by Caspar Gorgaud; "History of the People 
 of Israel" by Ernest Renan. Mrs. Latimer s account 
 of the downfall of the French Empire, 1870, is marked 
 
AUTHORS OF: MARYLAND 117 
 
 by rare power of description and reveals a genuine 
 dramatic faculty. 
 
 Miss Emily Jours (Mrs. McAlpin), a teacher by 
 profession, published in 1871 a story entitled Doings 
 in Maryland or Matilda Douglas, the book having as 
 one of its distinctive aims the portrayal of the inner 
 life of the public school system in the city of Balti 
 more as it revealed itself to the discerning and critical 
 eye of the author. The leading characters in the 
 narrative are so thinly veiled as to be readily recog 
 nized in their drapery, even by one who had merely a 
 superficial acquaintance with local conditions in the 
 period of which they form a part. Despite its tone 
 of righteous and thoroughly justified indignation the 
 work may be fairly pronounced clever and effective 
 in design and execution, as well as extending in inter 
 est and in application, far beyond the specific time 
 contemplated and described by the writer. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Spear Nicolas Tiernan was a native 
 of Virginia and the wife of the late Charles Tiernan 
 of Baltimore. Her earliest contributions to literature 
 appeared in Bledsoe s "Southern Review." Her first 
 novel, Homoselle, was the most popular and successful 
 of the "Round Robin Series." Mrs. Tiernan, en 
 couraged with the reception with which her first ven 
 ture had met, entered upon an active career, writing 
 for "The Century" and "Harper s Magazine" and 
 publishing two additional novels, Sousette and Jack 
 Homer, 1890. The last of these was a marked sue- 
 
n8 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 cess, soon attaining to a second edition. Mrs. Tiernan 
 died in 1891. 
 
 Mrs. J. McC. Wilson (born 1834 died 1908), a 
 native of Baltimore and resident of Iowa, published in 
 1891 a volume in blank verse entitled The Fate of the 
 Leaf, an allegory of human life and the unfolding or 
 development of the spirit into that "ampler day" which 
 comes as one of the revelations wrought in the world 
 of light. The plaintive note that echoes through 
 many parts of the work suggests the common lot of 
 poets "who learn in suffering what they teach in 
 song." Mrs. Wilson s verse displays at times vigor 
 as well as ease and grace in the process of fusing 
 words into effective and striking combinations such as 
 readily lend themselves to the purposes of quotation. 
 Her vocabulary is marked by unusual discrimination 
 and some of the similies are conceived with felicity of 
 judgment. 
 
 A volume of Mrs. Wilson s poems has been recently 
 published at Des Moines, Iowa, with a memoir, brief, 
 but exhibiting all the principal phases of her active 
 and unusually productive literary life. A number of 
 these poems are marked by far more than ordinary 
 merit and by a rare facility in the employment of 
 rhyming verse. This volume will probably induce a 
 more cordial appreciation of Mrs. Wilson s capabilities 
 in the State of Maryland, which claims her as one of 
 its representative writers. 
 
 Miss Lizzette Woodworth Reese was born in 
 Baltimore County and is a teacher in the schools of 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 119 
 
 Baltimore. She developed, even in her childhood, a 
 strong and vigorous lyric faculty and her creations of 
 a inaturer day have been received with cordial com 
 mendation by the oracles of criticism in Europe as 
 well as America. In her use of the sonnet, that most 
 delicate and difficult of poetical types, Miss Reese has 
 displayed a skill and facility of execution as rare as 
 they are noteworthy. Her sonnet entitled Tears is 
 deserving of unqualified praise and reveals a pure 
 Miltonic note, above all in the preluding lines. This 
 peculiar form of verse affords a rich and stimulating 
 field for the culture and expansion of Miss Reese s 
 rhythmic and metric capabilities. Among her pub 
 lished works those designated in the accompanying 
 list represent her art and its possibilities in the strong 
 est and most appealing light: A Branch of May; A 
 Handful of Lavender; A Quiet Road; The Cry of the 
 Old House; Anne; Keats; The Daffodils; Trust; In 
 Time of Grief; An English Missal; A Celtic Maying 
 Story. 
 
 An admirable biography of Miss Reese, as well as 
 a just and disriminating estimate of her poetic achieve 
 ments, may be found in the "Library of Southern 
 Literature," from the pen of Mrs. Letitia H. Wren- 
 shall of Baltimore. 
 
 This enumeration by no means exhausts Miss 
 Reese s range and power of creation but it at least 
 reveals them in a form that illustrates the finely 
 touched spirit, the grace and delicacy, which dominate 
 her verse. 
 
120 AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 
 
 Miss Reese has won success in the story as well as 
 in poetry, but her highest art illustrates its power in 
 the lyric sphere. It is perhaps not too much to assert 
 that some of her sonnets, notably the one to which 
 especial reference has been made, have never been 
 excelled by any American writer. 
 
 Miss Sarah Sigourney Rice (died Oct. 30, 1909), 
 was a native of Bath, England, and by profession a 
 teacher. She edited the Poe Memorial Volume, 1877, 
 containing an account of the erection and dedication 
 of the monument to Edgar Allan Poe in Westminster 
 Church Yard, November i7th, 1875. It is a valuable 
 and important contribution to Poe literature. Miss 
 Rice was earnestly associated with the movement 
 which had for its object the erection of the monument 
 and labored assidiously and enthusiastically until the 
 aim became an accomplished fact during the year 
 1875- 
 
 Miss Ella Beam, a resident of Carroll County, has 
 published under the pseudonym of Sophia Chandler, 
 a volume of essays entitled Chiefly from Castles in 
 Spain, 1905, a stimulating and suggestive book. The 
 idyllic vein that runs through it like a thread of gold 
 reflects the sweet aloofness of an Arcadian world 
 where all fleets tranquilly as in the days of dawn. 
 The work has a strongly marked individuality and re 
 veals the fine bracing flavor of her native element 
 vitalized by the inspiring breath of the overlooking 
 mountain walls of Western Maryland. Even when 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 121 
 
 Miss Beam gives free rein to reverie and didactic 
 musings, or ventures into the perilous fields of humor 
 and irony, the charm, though it reflects a discrimin 
 ating study of the moralists and dreamers of the 
 days that are dead, is still unborrowed and her own. 
 Miss Beam has also published A Family History, in 
 which exact knowledge and varied information are 
 presented in abundance and with no sense of weari 
 ness, for the most minute details are brightened by 
 the ceaseless flow of a fresh and animated style. 
 
 Miss Katharine Pearson Woods, a native of 
 Wheeling, West Virginia, has passed the greater part 
 of her active life in Baltimore. She is an author of 
 varied powers, having accomplished admirable results 
 in verse as well as in prose fiction. Hold Me Not 
 False; One Poet to Another and A Twilight Fantasia, 
 suffice to assure her rank in the harmony of poesy. 
 An ideal grace and purity chacterize every touch. One 
 reads her stanzas with a sense of exhiliration strangely 
 blended with calm, such as seldom marks contact 
 with the modern muse. To the examples cited may 
 foe added A Song of Dawn and Springtime; A Song 
 of Love and Summer; The Cleansing of Guinevere; 
 When My Love Sighs. Her works in fiction are: 
 Metzerott, Shoemaker, 1889; A Web of Gold, 1890; 
 The Mark of the Beast, 1890; From Dusk to Dawn, 
 1892; John, a Tale of King Messiah, 1896; The Son 
 of Ingar, 1897; The True Story of Captain John 
 Smith, 1901 ; The Face of Christ. 
 
 Miss Wood s range as a novelist is broad and far- 
 
122 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 reaching. Many phases of our modern life, with its 
 colossal problems, material, social, sociological, spirit 
 ual, pass under review as the mirror is held up to 
 nature and the very image of the complex age reveals 
 its form and pressure. To illustrate her versatility of 
 gift A Web of Gold involves the vital issues of labor 
 and capital, the industrial and economic questions that 
 lie at the base of our civilization : From Dusk to Dawn, 
 is a forecast or prophecy of the "Emanuel Move 
 ment :" The Face of Christ demonstrates the power 
 of the inner spirit in bringing into subjection the 
 carnal nature and leading captive the flesh : The True 
 Story of Captain John Smith discovers a rare geo 
 graphical faculty in establishing the identity of a cer 
 tain historic river described by Smith but pronounced 
 by scientists and explorers absolutely mythical, the 
 creation of Smith s ingenious and unscrupulous fancy. 
 An admirable sketch of Miss Woods and a judicious 
 discriminating appreciation of her literary achieve 
 ments may be found in Vol. XIII, "Library of South 
 ern Literature/ written by Miss Fannie K. Reiche. 
 
 Mrs. Lucy Meacham Thruston, a native of Vir 
 ginia, has been a resident of Baltimore from her early 
 years. Her principal works in her special sphere, the 
 era of Colonial life in Maryland and in Virginia, as 
 well as periods of development in the history of those 
 States more nearly related to our own time, are : Mis 
 tress Brent, A Story of Lord Baltimore s Colony in 
 1638, 1901 ; Jack and His Island, A Boy s Adventures 
 Along the Chesapeake in the War of 1812, 1902; A 
 
AUTHORS OP MARYLAND 123 
 
 Girl of Virginia, 1902, which draws its inspiration 
 from the social and student life of the University of 
 Virginia; Where the Tide Comes In, 1904; Called to 
 the Field, 1906, a story having its origin in the un 
 recorded but incomparable heroism of Virginia women 
 during the War of 1861-65, when every active man 
 was in the forefront of the struggle and wives and 
 children, devoid of their natural protectors, in lone 
 liness, isolation and peril, toiled and wrought unto the 
 coming of the end; Jenifer, 1907, a story of Carolina, 
 illustrating the vast possibilities that lie unrevealed in 
 its mountain ranges, affluent in native, but unreclaimed 
 and undeveloped riches. 
 
 Mrs. Thruston, in selecting the historical evolution 
 of Maryland and Virginia as the special sphere for the 
 exercise of her gifts, has chosen a most suggestive and 
 stimulating field. The strong commendation bestowed 
 upon her successive and rapidly succeeding ventures 
 by leading critical oracles is an assurance that she has 
 accomplished ripe results in this fascinating but most 
 difficult type of literary emprise. For a discrimin 
 ating estimate of Mrs. Thruston s work see Vol. XII, 
 "Library of Southern Literature/ 
 
 Mrs. H. C. Goldsmith, a native of Maryland, has 
 published a volume of stories and poems which in 
 large measure have their origin in the memories and 
 experiences of the War between the States. They 
 have the interest which is forever associated with the 
 thrilling events of that dramatic period. Mrs. Gold 
 smith was in the heart of one of the great war centres 
 
124 AUTHORS OH MARYLAND 
 
 and her narrative is based upon personal observation, 
 not upon report, upon immediate knowledge and not 
 upon rumors of battles, sieges, fortunes such as mark 
 the strange eventful history of the struggle for the 
 establishment of the Southern Confederacy. 
 
 Miss Marian V. Dorsey, a native of Baltimore and 
 a resident of Dorchester County, is an active and pro 
 gressive contributor to current literature in a variety 
 of fields. A number of leading journals, such as the 
 "New York Herald," the "Baltimore Sun," the "Balti 
 more American," the "Philadelphia Press" and the 
 "Philadelphia Record" attest her energy and produc 
 tivity. Local sketches, native myths, educational 
 theories, agricultural development, all pass in review 
 and bear witness to her energy and resourcefulness. 
 Miss Dorsey is an enthusiastic student of folk-lore and 
 is associated with the women s clubs which have as 
 their object the promotion of historical and literary 
 culture and research. To her assiduous investigations 
 in the field of local history is due the notable discovery 
 that the Otterbein Church on Conway street is the 
 oldest in Baltimore. Perhaps no incident of Miss 
 Dorsey s literary labors as applied to the solution of 
 delicate and critical problems is more worthy of spe 
 cial recognition than her vigorous protest against the 
 absorption of the Diocese of Easton into that of 
 Delaware, as a violation of the law of historic con 
 tinuity in the ecclesiastical sphere. Her protests were 
 published in the secular as well as the religious jour- 
 
AUTHORS Off- MARYLAND 125 
 
 nals and exerted a marked influence in determining the 
 result that was attained. 
 
 Mrs. Helen West Ridgeley is the author of two 
 books, each of which is, in the purest sense, a repre 
 sentative Maryland work, blending with its intrinsic 
 interest the charm of a graceful and fascinating style. 
 The Old Brick Churches of Maryland appeared in 
 1894 and Historic Graves of Maryland and the Dis 
 trict of Columbia in 1908. The labors of Mrs. Ridge- 
 ley have revealed a field rich in material for the his 
 torians and researchers of a coming age who may 
 devote themselves to the portrayal of the past as it is 
 illustrated in the lives and usages of Colonial and 
 ancient Maryland. The introduction to the second 
 work is worthy of especial commendation as a model 
 of the chaste, simple and effective English, which is 
 the unfailing characteristic of the cultured woman. 
 
 Mrs. Ridgeley has won an enviable fame as the "Old 
 Mortality" of Maryland literature. Even a casual or 
 perfunctory reader cannot fail to observe the marked 
 advance in the style of the second book as compared 
 with the first. 
 
 Miss Virginia Woodward Cloud, of Baltimore, 
 has been a productive and varied writer of ballads, 
 poems and stories. She is engaged in journalism but 
 devotes herself to literature with enthusiasm and high 
 purpose and not as a recreation from professional pur 
 suits. Miss Cloud has written Durley Down and 
 Other Ballads and Ared by the River. In her special 
 
126 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 sphere she has achieved a marked and assured suc 
 cess. 
 
 Miss Ella Duvall, of Baltimore, has won assured 
 success as a contributor to periodical literature. Her 
 Golden Egg was a fortunate competitor in a Collier 
 prize contest. Miss Duvall has written The Open 
 Door; The Lover; When Least Aware; A Point of 
 Honor; The Problem; The Fourth Gentleman; The 
 Lamp of Psyche; Estelle. Her range is wide and her 
 choice of subjects happy and discriminating. 
 
 Miss Emily Emerson Lantz, a Baltimorean, is 
 associated with the literary department of the "Balti 
 more Sun." Miss Lantz s admirable reviews of con 
 temporary works in literature and history entitle her 
 to especial recognition in a volume devoted to the 
 representative authors of Maryland. Her finely dis 
 criminating appreciation of the poetry of Father Tabb 
 is of itself sufficient to assure her rank among critics. 
 The death of the blind poet evoked eulogy and com 
 mendation from all parts of the world of letters but 
 none excelled in accuracy of conception, clearness 
 of aim and grace of execution the review of Miss 
 Lantz in the "Baltimore Sun," November 2ist, 1909. 
 The same mead of praise may be bestowed upon her 
 sketch of Mrs. Lucy Meacham Thruston in Vol. XIII, 
 "Library of Southern Literature." 
 
 Mrs. Susan Rebecca Thompson Hull, a native of 
 Virginia, but for many years a resident of Baltimore, 
 has written Boy Soldiers of the Confederacy, a de- 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 127 
 
 lightful narrative of youthful valor and heroism. 
 Many of the leaders of thought and action in Mary 
 land and the South of to-day appear as "Boy Soldiers" 
 in Mrs. Hull s attractive and instructive work. 
 
 Mrs. Hester Dorsey Richardson, a native of 
 Baltimore and descended from an ancient family as 
 sociated with the purest traditions of Maryland from 
 the foundation of the colony in the seventeenth cen 
 tury, is an unceasing and assiduous laborer in varied 
 phases of activity, having achieved rich results in his 
 toric and literary research as well as in the capacity 
 of creator of the agencies and organizations through 
 whose energy and effort the results are presented in a 
 form that is accessible and intelligble to the general 
 reader. 
 
 Mrs. Richardson s versatility may be readily illus 
 trated by her success in the field of administrative de 
 velopment as well as in the sphere of investigation and 
 research that calls into requisition and exercise the 
 intellectual faculties, fine discrimination, culture, in 
 stinct and scholarly attainment. Among the notable 
 benefits bestowed upon the city of Baltimore which 
 trace their origin in large measure to her inspiration 
 asserting itself through the medium of the press may 
 be especially named the new Mercantile Library and 
 the new City Hospital. 
 
 As founder of the Woman s Literary Club of 
 Baltimore in 1890 Mrs. Richardson introduced a new 
 phase of intellectual life into her native city. 
 
128 AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 Mrs. Richardson s contributions to literature have 
 been varied and diverse in range. Worthy of especial 
 commemoration are her articles relating to historical 
 subjects of absorbing interest, such as have appeared 
 in the leading journals of Baltimore and New York. 
 A poem of Mrs. Richardson s entitled Dethroned, en 
 joys a unique honor as the only dedication ever ac 
 cepted by the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, 
 relating to the melancholy career of Maximilian and 
 Carlotta and the tragical climax at Quertaro. 
 
 Her series of essays under pseudonym of Selene 
 has constituted an influence in Baltimore salutary and 
 invigorating in its nature. It is perhaps just to assume 
 that Mrs. Richardson s name and fame will abide most 
 securely upon the admirable results attained by her 
 minute and critical explorations of the earlier stages 
 of Maryland history and the dispelling by the calm 
 and passionless light of contemporary records the 
 strongly rooted and tenacious delusion in reference to 
 the large convict element prevailing among the origi 
 nal settlers of the colony. Her conclusions in refer 
 ence to this essential and long contested question, 
 based upon investigations conducted in London as 
 well as at home, and with all the facilities drawn from 
 the scrutiny of testimony derived from authentic 
 sources in the ancestral country, are accepted as final 
 by leading authorities in Maryland history. Her suc 
 cess in native historic investigation has won for Mrs. 
 Richardson marked recognition in more than one form 
 or connection. She was appointed by Governor Ed 
 win Warfield " Special Executive Historian to rep re- 
 
AUTHORS OR MARYLAND 129 
 
 sent the Executive Department of Maryland in the 
 Historic Work at Jamestown and to collect and ar 
 range such data and documents as will redound to the 
 fame and glory of Maryland." In response to this 
 commission Mrs. Richardson, without aid or coopera 
 tion, collected the exhibit in the Memorial Room in 
 the State House at Annapolis, which attests her 
 energy, discernment and resourcefulness in terms more 
 effective and appealing than eulogy. It was an object 
 lesson, a revealing power, and in its light the delusion 
 of Maryland having been a penal colony, rather than 
 a land of sanctuary and enlightened toleration, fades 
 into the shadowy realm of myth and legend. Mrs. 
 Richardson is associated with a number of well-known 
 organizations devoted to the advancement of culture 
 through the medium of special research, historical, 
 archaeological, etc. During her several visits to Lon 
 don she has been received with marks of peculiar dis 
 tinction and respect. Her work has been cordially 
 commended by the oracles of historic science in Eng 
 land as well as in America. 
 
 Mrs. Annie Middleton Leakin Sioussat of 
 
 Baltimore has written Colonial Women of Maryland 
 and is prominently associated with every movement 
 having for its object the study and appreciation of the 
 colonial era. She has proved an admirable researcher 
 in this broadening and inspiring sphere of historical 
 development. 
 
 Miss Adelia V. Paret is a contributor to the 
 poetical columns of some of our leading journals. Her 
 
130 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 verse at times is marked by unusual grace and deli 
 cacy of fancy and is characterized by a deeply wrought 
 religious and spiritual tone. As illustrations of her 
 work in its purest and most attractive form there may 
 be cited: With Nature; God s Mantle of Fleecy 
 Snow; Violet; The Purple Pansy; The Cross; Falling 
 Leaves; Lily Thoughts; A Breath of Spring; Christ 
 Lives; Anemonies. 
 
 Mrs. D. Giraud Wright, a native of Texas and 
 resident of Baltimore, has written : Maryland and 
 the South; Pier Aid to the Confederacy; The War 
 Time Memories of a Confederate Senator s Daughter; 
 A Southern Girl in 1861. Mrs. Wright is the daughter 
 of Senator Wigfall who was prominently associated 
 with the origin and organization of the Confederate 
 Government. Her works, especially the last named, 
 have been received with marked favor even by reviews 
 and journals not in sympathy with the cause of which 
 she is the advocate. 
 
 In the "Baltimore Sun" of September loth, 1905, 
 may be found a just, discriminating and appreciative 
 estimate of Mrs. Wright s A Southern Girl in 1861. 
 The most dramatic era in American history is pre 
 sented in fascinating light and the fadeless interest of 
 a past that is ever present to those who were con 
 temporary with it is enriched by the delicate and re 
 vealing touch of a cultured woman. The "New York 
 Times" of August 26th, 1905, accords ample recog 
 nition to the literary charm, the freshness and vigor, 
 which are characteristics of the book, while hopelessly 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 131 
 
 at variance with the political ideals and traditions of 
 the author. The historian of the American conflict 
 who will be revealed when some ages are passed over 
 will find works of the type produced by Mrs. Wright 
 as suggestive and illuminating as the diary of Pepys 
 proved to Lord Macaulay while engaged in the prep 
 aration of that part of his "History of England" 
 which relates to the reign of Charles II. 
 
 Miss Amy Ella Blanchard, of Baltimore, has at 
 tained distinguished success as a writer of stories for 
 children. Her range is varied and her power of pro 
 duction seemingly inexhaustible. She is gifted in a 
 marked degree with the faculty of appealing to the 
 taste and fancy of youthful readers. Miss Blanchard 
 has developed such facility in the creation of stories 
 that no enumeration represents, except to a limited 
 extent, the measure of her accomplishment in her spe 
 cial sphere. Among those that she has already pub 
 lished may be named: Holly Berries; Wee Babies; 
 My Own Dolly; Twenty Little Maidens; Two Girls; 
 Girls Together; Bonny Leslie of the Border; Two 1 
 Maryland Girls; A Gentle Pioneer; A Little Tomboy; 
 Little Miss Oddity; A Loyal Lass; Because of Con 
 science; A Heroine of 1812; Dimple Dallas; A Daugh 
 ter of Freedom; Her Very Best; An Independent 
 Daughter; A Dear Little Girl; A Revolutionary Maid; 
 Miss Vanity; Taking a Stand; Betty of Wye; Three 
 Pretty Maids; Janet s College Career; Life s Little 
 Actions; As Others See Us; Mabel s Mishap; Worth 
 
132 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 His While; The Four Corners in California; Little 
 Miss Mouse; Three Little Cousins. 
 
 Among the dramatic writers of Baltimore Miss 
 Louise Malloy, who is engaged in journalism, is 
 worthy of especial recognition and commendation. In 
 addition to a varied range of literary production Miss 
 Malloy has written : The Prince s Wooing; A Woman 
 of War; Ye Maryland Mayde. The last mentioned 
 was presented with marked success under the au 
 spices of the "Poe Memorial Association" in May, 
 1910. 
 
 Mrs. Carlton H. Shafer, for many years a resi 
 dent of Maryland is an active and energetic laborer 
 in the literary field, as is attested by the following 
 works: The Day Before Yesterday, 1904; Beyond 
 Chance of Change, 1904. Mrs. Shafer is a diligent 
 contributor to periodical literature and is the author 
 of several scholarly and suggestive articles for the 
 "Historic Town Series," notably those relating to 
 Annapolis and Frederick. She has also ventured into 
 the sphere of poetry and a number of her creations 
 in verse have appeared in the columns of one of the 
 most critical contemporary journals. Mrs. Shafer 
 has recently edited a "Memoir of Rev. Osborne Ingle, 
 D.D., Rector of All Saints Parish, Frederick, Md." 
 This memoir commends itself by a delicate blending 
 of devotion to the subject, genuine appreciation, a 
 discerning estimate of character, as well as an ab 
 sence of overwrought and untempered eulogy. In 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 133 
 
 its difficult and dangerous province it serves as an 
 admirable model and illustration. 
 
 Mrs. Frances Hubbard Litchfield Turnbull, a 
 
 native of New York and resident of Baltimore, is the 
 author of The Catholic Man, which is regarded as a 
 delineation of the character of Sidney Lanier; V el- 
 Maria; The Golden Book of Venice and The Modern 
 Need of the Ideal. Mrs. Turnbull is conspicuous in 
 literary enterprise. She was one of the originators of 
 the "Woman s Literary Club" of Baltimore, and to 
 gether with her husband, Lawrence Turnbull, she 
 founded the "Percy Turnbull Lectureship" at Johns 
 Hopkins University. Her place among the most 
 energetic and devoted workers in the sphere of in 
 tellectual culture is thoroughly assured. 
 
 Mrs. Alice E. Lord of Baltimore, is an active and 
 enthusiastic student of literature, heartily participating 
 in every movement which looks to its advancement 
 Mrs. Lord has written The Days of Lamb and Cole 
 ridge; A Symphony in Dreamland, a collection of 
 poems, some of them displaying unusual grace and 
 sensibility ; Life and Struggles of Columbus: The Man 
 of Destiny. 
 
 Miss Mary Virginia Wall, born in Virginia but 
 a resident of Baltimore, has published The Daughter 
 of Virginia Dare, 1908, an attractive and ingeniously 
 constructed story of early colonial life in North Caro 
 lina and Virginia, the essential incidents in its de 
 velopment being associated with the English settle- 
 
i 3 4 AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 
 
 ments upon Roanoke Island and the foundation of 
 Jamestown at a later day. Historical truth and ro 
 mantic fantasies are woven into a harmony as the 
 evolution of the narrative advances toward its auspic 
 ious and happily conceived result. 
 
 Mrs. Marshall Winchester, of Baltimore, is 
 gifted with marked literary faculty in the sphere of 
 the drama. The leading critical reviews have spoken 
 of her work in terms of strong commendation. My 
 Lady Incognito may be named as an illustration of 
 her most effective and skilful creations in the field 
 which she has made especially her own. 
 
 Foremost among the women of Maryland who have 
 won fame in the field of literary scholarship is Miss 
 Florence Trail, of Frederick. Miss Trail has pro 
 duced four books, each of which has been received 
 with marked favor, not only in America but in the 
 critical and discerning centers of European culture. 
 Her Journal in Foreign Lands appeared in 1884. Her 
 second book, Studies in Criticism, in 1885. In 1894, 
 Under the Second Renaissance, a story of the stage, 
 was published and in 1904, A History of Italian 
 Literature. This last enjoys a rare distinction as 
 being the only history of its kind ever written or pub 
 lished by an American. It illustrates and exhibits 
 the characteristic features of an ideal literary narra 
 tive and may be pronounced in all candor of judg 
 ment the most scholarly work that has been given to 
 the world by a Maryland woman. The innate charm 
 of the subject readily adapts or adjusts itself to the 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 135 
 
 delicate touch of an accomplished lady, for Italy is 
 still, as in the day of her Dante and the Renaissance, 
 the 
 
 "Woman country, woo d, not wed, 
 Adored by all male lands." 
 
 Miss Trail s Studies in Criticism, 1909, is deserving 
 of cordial praise. The final chapter which is an 
 analysis, as well as a concise and luminous review of 
 art development from its earliest phases to the Italian 
 Renaissance, is the preeminent charm and glory of the 
 work. It abounds in mbtle suggestion and is marked 
 by an originality of conception which carries into a 
 literary essay something of the creative fragrance 
 and power of the supreme artistic world. No Amer 
 ican woman has ever attained a higher and purer 
 flight than Miss Trail in the closing pages of this re 
 markable work. 
 
 Mrs. John C. Wrenshall, born in Georgia, was 
 elected president of the "Woman s Literary Club" of 
 Baltimore in May, 1898, and has been unanimously 
 re-elected each year since that time. Mrs. Wrenshall 
 is a center of activity in the literary sphere and is en 
 dowed with the gift of organization and administra 
 tion as well as the faculty of creation or production 
 and the power to inspire and guide the energies of 
 others. She has been the originating force in the 
 formation of many other clubs, among them the 
 "Maryland Folk Lore Society," the "Aubudon So 
 ciety," the "Quadriga Club" and "L Alliance Fran- 
 gaise," in all of which she has been vice-president. 
 
J 3 6 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 Mrs. Wrenshall organized the "Edgar Allan Poe 
 Memorial Association in 1907, and has been its only 
 president. She is a member of the "Royal Asiatic 
 Society" of London, and has been invited to contribute 
 to its journal. She holds the first class medal from 
 "L Alliance Franchise," bestowed in recognition of 
 her efforts in founding the Baltimore group of L Al 
 liance. The medals are made in the Government 
 Mint, this one being the work of the celebrated 
 medallist, Daniel Dupre. Mrs. Wrenshall s especial 
 lines of work are archaeological research, Egypt, India 
 and America. 
 
 Among those who have won marked success either 
 as literary contributors to leading journals or as 
 writers of stories that have proved eminently popular, 
 Mrs. Percy M. Reese, Miss Emily Paret Atwater, 
 Miss May Irene Coppinger, Mrs. Wrenshall Mark- 
 land and Miss Louise Osborne Haughton are en 
 titled to special recognition. Miss Fannie K. Reiche 
 is worthy of hearty commendation for her admirable 
 critical appreciation of the work of Miss Katherine 
 Pearson Woods, "Library of Southern Literature/ 
 The same comment is applicable to the review of Miss 
 Lizzette W. Reese, by Mrs. Wrenshall, and that of 
 Mrs. Lucy M. Thruston, by Miss Emily Emerson 
 Lantz. 
 
vni 
 
 MARYLAND AUTHORS OF THE LATTER PART OF THE 
 
 NINETEENTH AND THE FIRST PART OF THE 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY. 
 
CHAPTER VIII 
 
 MARYLAND AUTHORS OF THE LATTER PART OF THE 
 
 NINETEENTH AND THE FIRST PART OF THE 
 
 TWENTIETH CENTURY. 
 
 It is the object of this final chapter to present an 
 accurate and comprehensive view of literary develop 
 ment in Maryland from the closing decades of the 
 nineteenth century to the present, with its unfolding 
 and expanding intellectual life. So far as practicable 
 a strict adherence to chronological order has been 
 maintained throughout the work. 
 
 The years that mark the passing of the last cen 
 tury and the coming of the twentieth have seen in 
 Maryland a tendency toward the forms of literary 
 growth in which scholarship, minute and critical re 
 search in special spheres, have been a dominant ele 
 ment. The work of Palmer and Randall had virtually 
 ceased and their notes were seldom heard after 1900. 
 The last quarter of a century reveals a rich harvest of 
 research in native history, local tradition, political and 
 economic problems and the mysterious questionings 
 which are involved in the science of philology. At the 
 same time the poetical standard has been maintained by 
 the rare lyric gifts of Father Tabb and Miss Reese, 
 while a strong and productive power in romance and 
 fiction has bloomed into luxuriant life with the ap 
 pearance of Miss Woods and Mrs. Thruston. That 
 the women writers are becoming a recognized and 
 
140 AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 forceful element in the literature of Maryland is 
 amply attested by the many admirable creations in the 
 varied ranges of history, biography, fiction, bearing 
 the names of ladies recorded in this volume. 
 
 Charles Peale Didier, of Baltimore (born 1869 
 died 1900), passed away in the flower of his early 
 manhood. There was revealed in his life and work a 
 happy blending of the literary and the artistic tem 
 perament. Under more auspicious conditions, length 
 of years and matured unfolding of power, he might 
 have broadened into a Maryland Rossetti. His special 
 art was portraiture in which his excellence may be 
 described as ancestral, but in authorship there was a 
 promise of rich development which was brought to a 
 close by his death in the dawning of his fame. His 
 Twixt Cupid and Croesus, or the Exhibits in an At 
 tachment Suit, 1896, was a marked success, attaining 
 in its several editions a sale of 17,000 copies. This 
 happy venture was succeeded by a novelette entitled 
 R. S. V. P., which was illustrated by the author. Mr. 
 Didier s last work, Would Any Man, is a novel of 
 striking originality, being marked by an extraordinary 
 skill in dealing with delicate and complex situations. 
 His ability to illustrate his own characters contributed 
 essentially to the charm of his stories. An appreci 
 ative and discriminating estimate of his literary career 
 has been written by Eugene L. Didier, of Baltimore. 
 
 Rev. Theodore Charles Gambrall, A.M., D.D. 
 
 (born in Baltimore, 1840 died 1897), obtained his 
 
AUTHORS OP MARYLAND 141 
 
 more advanced education in the School of Letters of 
 the University of Maryland where he received the de 
 gree of B.A. in 1861 and the degree of M.A. in 1864, 
 and where he held the chair of mathematics from 1863 
 to 1866. In the midst of his parochial duties at St. 
 James in Anne Arundel, he found time for loving and 
 careful research into its history and parish records 
 from its foundation in 1694. These researches, with 
 sidelight on contemporaneous events, he embodied in 
 a volume of great value entitled Church Life in Colon 
 ial Maryland. The author is evidently a steadfast 
 Episcopalian yet his breadth of mind enables him to 
 see defects in churchly doings and to catch the un 
 conscious humor of the sturdy pioneers of the olden 
 day. 
 
 His other publication, in 1893, entitled Studies in 
 the Civil, Social and Ecclesiastical History of Early 
 Maryland, consists of a series of lectures on general 
 colonial history delivered at the Maryland Agricul 
 tural College. While large in hope this latter volume 
 lacks the intense quick interest and the "closeness to 
 the original sources" which mark its predecessor. 
 
 Dr. Herbert Baxter Adams (born in Amherst, 
 Mass., 1850 died 1901) is entitled to especial com 
 memoration among the representative authors and re 
 searchers of Maryland in the department of history. 
 He was educated at Amherst College and in the Uni 
 versity of Heidleberg and subsequently occupied the 
 chair of Professor of History in Johns Hopkins Uni 
 versity. He exerted a strong influence for good upon 
 
142 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 those who were in contact with him in the lecture 
 room or the seminary by arousing in them a zeal for 
 research and leading to productive effort, especially 
 in comparatively unexplored phases of the historical 
 field. His labors during his connection with the Johns 
 Hopkins University had a decided effect in elevating 
 the character of instruction and in stimulating investi 
 gation in his special sphere in the colleges and uni 
 versities of the United States. 
 
 Among his varied contributions to his subject may 
 be enumerated a series of historical monographs, 
 published under the auspices of the Department of 
 Education, exhibiting the development of higher edu 
 cation in Maryland and in the Southern States, and 
 edited by him; among these the History of William 
 and Mary College is characterized by rare interest of 
 subject as well as peculiar charm and value to the stu 
 dent. He also edited Baltimore in 1861," by George 
 William Brown. Dr. Adams was an assiduous collector 
 of statistics illustrating the progress of historical in 
 struction in American colleges and universities. He 
 was an energetic student of historic origins, social, 
 educational, political, and some admirable results were 
 accomplished by his pupils in these spheres of research 
 as the outcome of the inspiration which he had com 
 municated by his personal example. 
 
 No incident of his professional career was the sub 
 ject of so much hostile criticism as his eulogy upon 
 John Brown, to whom he assigned a place among the 
 heroes and martyrs of the modern world. See 
 "Chatauqua Journal," July 6th, 1897. It should be 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 143 
 
 added, however, in justice to Dr. Adams, that he sub 
 sequently modified his opinion, acknowledging that his 
 estimate of Brown was in a measure to be attributed 
 to a lack of critical acquaintance with the episode at 
 Harper s Ferry in October, 1859. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Benjamin Szold (born in Hungary, 1829 
 died 1902) passed the greater part of his active life in 
 Baltimore. Dr. Szold was one of the foremost lights 
 of his time in the sphere of biblical criticism. In ad 
 dition to his far-reaching acquaintance with the purest 
 form of the Hebrew language he was endowed with a 
 rare and delicate literary appreciation as well as a 
 genuine poetic sensibility. No scholar of contempor 
 ary days was gifted with a more discerning apprehen 
 sion of grace and beauty as revealed through the 
 medium of style, whether in its ancient or its modern 
 types, in Hebrew or in English. His mastery of the 
 former is attested by his Commentary upon the Book 
 of Job, written in classical Hebrew, 1886. His com 
 mand of the latter is illustrated by his Interpretation 
 of the Eleventh Chapter of the Prophecy of Daniel, 
 as well as special essays or contributions which dis 
 play his subtle grasp upon the complexities and 
 anomalies of English idiom. His minute and de 
 tailed knowledge of the Old Testament Scriptures can 
 be estimated in adequate measure only by those who 
 were so fortunate as to fall within the sphere of his 
 personal as well as his intellectual influence. The 
 phraseology of the Old Testament had become to him 
 a second vernacular and in addition to this rich ac- 
 
144 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 quirement there was the sway over other tongues, not 
 an empirical familiarity alone, but a mastery of their 
 idiosyncrasies, their rhythmic genius, their inward 
 deeps. 
 
 Rev. Joseph T. Smith, D.D. (born 1818 died 
 1906), was a native of Pennsylvania, for many years 
 pastor of the Central Presbyterian Church, Baltimore. 
 Dr. Smith was the author of Eighty Years, Embracing 
 a History of Presbyterianism in Baltimore, 1899. This 
 book is marked by unusual interest, not for those in 
 sympathy with Presbyterian polity and doctrine alone, 
 but for the student of ecclesiastical history and theo 
 logical development contemplated from whatever point 
 of view. The writer s knowledge is far reaching as 
 well as accurate in detail and his style is simple and 
 chaste. Though firm in his convictions and cherish 
 ing his Presbyterian traditions with inflexible de 
 votion, Dr. Smith is temperate and dignified in 
 language, even in the presentation of the most thrilling 
 phases of his history, embracing the period extending 
 from 1861 to 1866. Acrimony and vindictiveness 
 formed no part of his nature if one may base a judg 
 ment upon the calmness and moderation which reveal 
 themselves in the dramatic and appealing stages of his 
 instructive narrative. 
 
 Daniel M. Henderson (born in Glasgow, 1851 
 died in Baltimore, 1906), with his profession as a 
 bookseller blended a genuine love of the muses. He 
 published A Bit Bookie of Verse in the English and 
 
AUTHORS # MARYLAND 145 
 
 Scots Tongue and Poems, Scottish and American. 
 Mr. Henderson was endowed with rare poetic grace 
 and sensibility. Some of the vital issues of the age he 
 idealized with vigor, purity and a strain of pathos at 
 times marked by an almost resistless power of appeal. 
 His poems in the Scotch dialect are especially im 
 pressive as a living utterance breathed through a 
 medium that yielded its literary ascendancy to the all- 
 conquering southern English more than three centur 
 ies ago. The so-called Scottish dialect of modern days 
 is a caricature and travesty like the euphuism of Sir 
 Percie Shafton or the hybrid compounds of Spenser, 
 who, in the judgment of Ben Johnson "writ no 
 language." Even Burns is lacking in its mastery as 
 an original, native form, and as he grew in years 
 tended more and more to anglicize his speech. His 
 dialect is in large measure an expedient. Mr. Hen 
 derson has demonstrated his right to be regarded as a 
 true poet. The flavor of his ancestral soil mingles 
 with the bracing, eager and unrestful life of his 
 adopted country and the genius of both nationalities 
 is reflected, as well as harmonized, in the verse he has 
 left us. His son, Mr. D. M. Henderson, Jr., has pro 
 duced a number of poems which indicate rare promise 
 and are a prophecy of rich achievement in the walks 
 of the muses. 
 
 Charles Edward Phelps (born 1833 died 1908) 
 was a native of Vermont who removed to Baltimore 
 in 1841. He was a lawyer and jurist, a member of the 
 Supreme Bench of Baltimore, served with distinction 
 
146 AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 
 
 in the Union army, was elected to Congress and was 
 conspicuous as an antagonist of James G. Blaine ; was 
 an assiduous student of literature and maintained with 
 rare ability the purest culture ideals of the legal pro 
 fession in Maryland. Judge Phelps was a lec 
 turer upon law in the University of Maryland, his 
 department being that of equity, a phase of his 
 science which seemed in especial harmony with 
 his tastes and attainments. He was the author of 
 Juridical Equity; and Falstaff and Equity, 1901. The 
 latter of these illustrates his accurate learning and fine 
 discrimination in their clearest and most attractive 
 light. A mere observation, a passing remark of Fal- 
 stafFs, which the commentator ignores and the reader 
 fails to apprehend in its far-reaching significance, is 
 shown to be a local allusion of the keenest interest and 
 perfectly familiar to an Elizabethan audience. From 
 this seemingly slender foundation Judge Phelps con 
 structs an ingenious and elaborate account of the con 
 flict then in progress between the courts of common 
 law and the courts of chancery. The controversy was 
 fierce and manysided in character and naturally ap 
 pealed to the all embracing eye of the sovereign dram 
 atist. It was the Lord Chancellor confronting the 
 Chief Justice, the inflexible spirit of Coke arrayed 
 against the subtlety and servility of Bacon. The issues 
 involved were among the producing causes that found 
 their climax in the great constitutional crisis of 1642. 
 The book is to be commended from every point of 
 view, to the layman and the lawyer, the lover of 
 literature as well as the esoteric researcher in the 
 
AUTHORS O E MARYLAND 147 
 
 ranges of legal history. It should be read in connec 
 tion with the work of Mr. W. C. Devecmore, "In Re 
 Shakespeare s Legal Acquirements, " which is re 
 viewed in the succeeding part of this volume. Each 
 serves in a measure to elucidate and interpret the 
 other. 
 
 John F. Gontrum (born 1857 died 1909) was a 
 native of Baltimore county. He received his scholastic 
 training at St. John s College, Annapolis, and devoted 
 himself to the study of the law in the practice of which 
 he attained a marked and assured success. The love of 
 literature, however, was perhaps his dominant passion 
 and in its cultivation through the medium of verse he 
 found not merely recreation or relaxation from the 
 absorbing routine of the bar but developed a genuine 
 poetic faculty such as has been characteristic of some 
 of the foremost legal lights in England as well as in 
 America. 
 
 Mr. Centrum s range is varied, his inspiration being 
 derived from rural associations, from themes that 
 have their suggestion in patriotic emotion, in delicate 
 sensibility, or in the critical and discerning appreci 
 ation of the supreme masters of his cherished art. 
 As illustrating the highest and purest type of his 
 poetry may be cited : The Old Bridle Path; The Whip- 
 porwill; Burns and His Highland Mary; McKinley, 
 Martyr; Fort McHenry; Edgar Allan Poc; John 
 Milton, which had its origin in the tercentenary of the 
 birth of the sovereign master of the seventeenth cen 
 tury, December, 1908. No nobler or more discrimi- 
 
148 AUTHORS Op MARYLAND 
 
 nating tribute to the Puritan poet was evoked by the 
 occasion which elicited the interest and the homage 
 of the world of letters, than that of Mr. Gontrum. It 
 may be accepted, without invidious comparison, as his 
 loftiest and most finished creation in his favorite 
 sphere. In an accurate classification of the essential 
 elements which enter into a conception of true art in 
 poetry, the tribute to Poe should be placed next to 
 the eulogy upon Milton. 
 
 Mr. Gontrum illustrated the standards of graceful 
 and comprehensive culture that from earliest times 
 have adorned, as well as ennobled, the profession of 
 the law in his native State and preserved it from 
 descending to an empirical or even mercenary level. 
 His Old Bridle Path is an idyll in its chaste and pensive 
 style and, perchance in its didactic phase a revelation 
 of the inner self, symbolical of many lives absorbed in 
 professional careers and preeminently of those that, 
 engrossed in the relentless quest of the law retain 
 through all this fleshly dress and sad mechanic exer 
 cise the flavor of the golden age and still find 
 "A distant dearness in the hill, 
 A secret sweetness in the stream." 
 
 Daniel Coit Gilman, LL.D. (born in Norwich, 
 Conn., 1831 died there in October, 1908), first presi 
 dent of Johns Hopkins University as well as first 
 president of the Carnegie Institution at Washington, 
 in addition to his varied and manifold activities in the 
 field of education administration and organization, 
 was an earnest laborer in the capacity of author and 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 149 
 
 produced more than one book which has an especial 
 interest and value in the sphere of thought to which it 
 belongs. Foremost among his works may be named : 
 Inaugural Address at Johns Hopkins University, 1876; 
 University Problems; Introduction to De Toqueville s 
 Democracy in America"; Life of James Monroe, 
 American Statesmen Series, 1883; Life of James 
 Dana, Geologist; Science and Letters in Yale; Herbert 
 B. Adams; The Launching of a University. He was 
 also a contributor to leading periodicals and editor-in- 
 chief of "The New International Cyclopedia." A 
 "Life of Dr. Oilman," by Dr. Fabian Franklin has 
 been published, 1910. It is characterized by many of 
 the essential requisites of an ideal biography, sym 
 pathy, appreciation, ample and critical knowledge, the 
 revelation and the portrayal of the inner life. 
 
 Rev. John Bannister Tabb (born in Amelia 
 county, Va., March 22d, 1845 died at St. Charles 
 College, Ellicott City, November I9th, 1909) served 
 in the Confederate navy and was for a time a prisoner 
 of war. Upon the close of hostilities he made his 
 home in Baltimore and engaged in teaching in St. 
 Paul s school and then at Racine, Wis. In 1872 he 
 became a convert to the Catholic religion, pursued his 
 studies at St. Charles College, being instructor in 
 English in the institution, and in 1884 was admitted 
 to the priesthood. (He had been a clergyman of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church before he entered the, 
 Catholic communion.) Among his devoted friends 
 was Sidney Lanier who had been his fellow prisoner 
 
150 AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 at Point Lookout. During his closing years blindness 
 fell upon the poet-priest as it did upon Milton. 
 
 Among Father Tabb s works these may be espe 
 cially named : Poems and Lyrics; An Octave to 
 Mary; Rules of English Grammar; Poems Grave and 
 Gay for Children; Two Lyrics; The Rosary in 
 Rhyme; besides varied contributions to English and 
 American periodicals. Two of his works in particular, 
 Evolution and Going Blind, are preeminent in their 
 blending of religious faith, philosophic acceptance of 
 a condition, the very thought of which suggests despair 
 and the finest flavor of the poetic spirit. In his epi 
 grammatic skill Father Tabb was equalled by few con 
 temporary poets. There is in his verse at times a 
 seeming renascence of -the Anglican Herrick and the 
 Catholic Crashaw. Exuberant humor, relentless wit, 
 a love of rare fantasies, reveal themselves along with 
 the fervor of ardent devotion as they manifest their 
 power in more than one master lyrist of the seven 
 teenth century. Some had hoped to see Father Tabb 
 reproduce in varied form the incident of our Lord s 
 first miracle at Cana of Galilee, which inspired the 
 fadeless lyrics of Crashaw, written during his college 
 days at Cambridge. 
 
 Father Tabb s discernment was clear and touched 
 by the purest fragrance of the muses. To Shelley, 
 Coleridge and Keats, he was devoted. Poe he re 
 garded as without a peer in modern literature and 
 was his uncompromising, inflexible champion. 
 
 Like the supreme poet of the Puritan age, he was 
 a musician, a sort of Abt Vogeler of the religious 
 
AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 151 
 
 world, for many of the harmonies which he evolved 
 from the instrument, it may be assumed, were his own 
 creation as purely <and essentially as the dreams he 
 wrought into rhyme and fashioned into metrical form 
 with an ease and grace that concealed as well as re 
 vealed the art which shaped the finely touched result. 
 The accompanying list by no means exhausts his 
 flights of song, his flashes of merriment, the all-per 
 vading humor, at times within the range of the child 
 ish intellect, the trust that manifests its power in his 
 figure of a fallen sparrow, his Ave, Sidney Lanier, 
 in its delicate and difficult sphere, scarcely excelled in 
 the creations of our contemporary poetry ; his Lonely 
 Mountain; Dust to Dust; Confided; December; Con 
 tent; The First Snowfall; Sheet Lightning; My Mess 
 mate. 
 
 Southwell, Herbert, Crashaw, Vaughan, Keble, 
 Newman, Tabb, nor does the last in this goodly com 
 pany hide his diminished head when placed in 
 comparison with those who preceded him. As he is 
 contemplated with his singing robes and his garlands 
 about him, the faith is stronger than ever that with 
 the increasing years his fame will broaden as has 
 that of those who heralded his coming, until he is a 
 potent voice in the field of poetry inspired and con 
 secrated by religion, as well as diffusive power in 
 the purest realm of lyric art. 
 
 Lawrence McK. Boyd (born 1859 died May, 
 1910), a native of Baltimore, was a devoted student 
 of poetry and cultivated the muses with far more than 
 
152 AUTHORS OF, MARYLAND 
 
 ordinary skill and success. The fact that Mr. Boyd s 
 active years were absorbed in pursuits which involve 
 the severest exercise of both mental and physical 
 energy, of itself accords to his work in the field of 
 literature an especial recognition and regard. His 
 range is varied, the diversity of theme indicating a 
 marked creative faculty ; the vocabulary suggests an 
 acquaintance with the older models and types of Eng 
 lish speech, rich in robust and manly words. A 
 critical analysis and comparison would probably assign 
 first place to Shenandoah and The Wounded Note. 
 The second may be claimed for Congo and Poe. 
 
 Charles B. Tiernan, a member of the bar of Balti 
 more, has published two works of unusual interest 
 and value to the student of genealogy and to those 
 who recognize the importance of social history as an 
 essential element in the development of States and the 
 foundation of character. These are: The Tiernan 
 Family, 1898, and The Tiernan and Other Families in 
 Maryland, 1901. These books reveal the most at 
 tractive phases and the purest ideals of the life of his 
 native .city as they were in the days that are dead 
 and whose charm lives only as a memory or a tra 
 dition. Mr. Tiernan in his years of dawn was a part 
 of all that he portrays and his intellectual culture as 
 well as his intimate relation to the period which he 
 describes, render him the herald of its past and the 
 appropriate chronicler of the winsomeness and grace 
 of which it was the example and the illustration. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 153 
 
 Dr. William Hand Browne (born 1828), a native 
 of Baltimore, has won fame in several fields of in 
 tellectual activity as author, translator and researcher. 
 In all that relates to the State of Maryland, her his 
 tory, literature, traditions, he is one of the foremost 
 authorities. Among his varied contributions to the 
 subjects of which he is, in an especial sense, the 
 master, may be named: Maryland, the History of a 
 Palatinate, 1884, Commonwealth Series; George Cal- 
 vert and Cecilius Calvert, Barons of Baltimore; The 
 Clarendon Dictionary, a Concise Handbook of the 
 English Language; Life of Alexander H. Stephens, 
 prepared jointly with Col. Richard Malcom Johnston, 
 1877. Dr. Browne also compiled Heart Throbs of 
 Gifted Authors, translated "Greece and Rome" from 
 the German of Falke, edited "Archives of Maryland," 
 a task involving immense labor and research and 
 "Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly, 
 1637-1710." He has also edited selections from the 
 early Scotch poets, Dunbar, Lindsay, Douglas. In 
 1896 he edited the collected works of the late Severn 
 Teackle Wallis. Dr. Browne was for many years pro 
 fessor of English literature in the Johns Hopkins 
 University ; was for a time associated with the man 
 agement of Bledsoe s "Southern Review," and was 
 also editor of "The Southern Magazine." 
 
 James W. Bright, Ph.D., is a native of Pennsyl 
 vania. He received his scholastic training at Lafay 
 ette College, the Johns Hopkins University and the 
 University of Strasburg, is professor of the English 
 
154 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 language and Donovan Professor of English Litera 
 ture in the Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Bright 
 has edited the "Gospel of St. Luke in Anglo-Saxon" 
 and "The Four Gospels" in the West Saxon dialect. 
 He has published an Anglo-Saxon Reader and a 
 treatise upon English verse. He is the English editor 
 of "Modern Language Notes." As a student of our 
 language from the philological point of view, Dr. 
 Bright has won an enviahle fame. His influence as a 
 teacher and investigator has been stimulating and in 
 spiring and has tended to elevate the character of 
 English scholarship and instruction in the universities 
 and colleges of the United States. 
 
 Basil Lanncau Gildersleeve (born in Charleston, 
 S. C., October 23d, 1831) received his early scholastic 
 training at the college in his native city. In 1849 ne 
 graduated at Princeton and afterwards pursued his 
 special philological studies in the universities of Ger 
 many, taking the degree of Ph.D. at Gottingen in 
 1853. In 1856 he become professor of Greek in the 
 University of Virginia and in 1876 he was called to 
 the same chair in the Johns Hopkins University. Dur 
 ing the War between the States he served as a volun 
 teer upon the staff of General J. B. Gordon and was 
 wounded in Early s valley campaign in the autumn 
 of 1864. 
 
 Professor Gildersleeve may be regarded as the fore 
 most representative of classical scholarship in Amer 
 ica and has won an assured as well as steadily expand 
 ing international fame. Each of the historic English 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 155 
 
 universities has conferred upon him its honorary de 
 grees. In 1880 Professor Gildersleeve founded the 
 "American Journal of Philology," the medium and the 
 inspiration of advanced research in its far ranging 
 and ever broadening field. 
 
 In addition to a series of Latin text books, grammar 
 and primer, he has published the works enumerated 
 in the accompanying list : Satires of Persius, 1875 ; 
 The Works of Justin, Martyr, 1877; The Olympian 
 and Pythian Odes of Pindar, 1885 ; Essays and 
 Studies, 1890; Greek Classical Syntax from Homer 
 to Demosthenes, 1900; Hellas and Hesperia, 1910. 
 
 Then there is the long array of contributions, 
 embracing a varied range "from grave to gay, from 
 lively to severe" made to lexicons, cyclopedias, period 
 icals ; among these those devoted to "The Old South" 
 in the "Atlantic Monthly" are worthy of special ap 
 preciation and regard. 
 
 Professor Gildersleeve may be considered as form 
 ing in his teaching and achievement an epoch in the 
 development of classical philology in the modern world. 
 It is no easy task to express a discriminating judgment 
 in reference to so ripe and comprehensive a range of 
 production, in a field minutely specialized and touched 
 to the subtlest issues by the process of differentiation. 
 Still, it may be conceded that in his edition of "Pin 
 dar" and above all in the introduction, Professor 
 Gildersleeve is revealed in his purest and strongest 
 light. Here he stands "first by the throne," in the 
 new heavens of scholarly renown ; for the fame of the 
 scholar, like that of the poet, is "no plant that grows 
 
156 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 on mortal soil." One of the distinctive charms of his 
 "Pindar" lies in the fact that the philological obses 
 sion has not eclipsed, or even occulted, the delicate 
 and penetrating literary sense which is characteristic 
 of the commentator. The dialect of the "Theban 
 Eagle" may have possessed points of affinity with the 
 plastic and fluent speech which was wrought into 
 matchless form by Shakespeare, and they have been 
 turned to rich account as an interpretive and illumi 
 nating power. In vigor and felicity of translation 
 Professor Gildersleeve is unexcelled. To him it is not 
 "the death of understanding." He appreciates the vital 
 truth that the translator must be lord of both lan 
 guages, that into which, as well as that from which, the 
 rendering is made. To his almost unique mastery of his 
 mother speech, as well as that of the Greeks, the pre 
 eminent charm and flavor of his English versions of 
 sage, lyrist or epic master, are in large measure to be 
 attributed. In the sphere of classical attainment he is 
 a primate and protagonist, whether contemplated from 
 the viewpoint of American traditions and standards 
 or regarded in the light of those loftier ideals which 
 prevail in the ancient culture lands beyond the seas. 
 
 James, Cardinal Gibbons (born in Baltimore, July 
 23-d, 1834) was ordained priest in 1861, was Vicar 
 Apostolic of North Carolina from 1868 to 1872, 
 Bishop of Richmond, Va., from 1872 to 1877, Arch 
 bishop of Baltimore from 1877 until he was invested 
 with the insignia of a Cardinal in June, 1886. The 
 following list attests the varied and continuous activ- 
 
^AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 157 
 
 ity of Cardinal Gibbons in the field of authorship: 
 The Faith of Our Fathers, 1876, a defense of the 
 Catholic religion, which has attained a circulation of 
 nearly a million copies; Our Christian Heritage, 1889; 
 The Ambassador of Christ, 1896; Sermons and Dis 
 courses, 1909 ; as well as contributions to the foremost 
 periodicals of the country, introductions, prefaces, etc., 
 illustrating the range and diversity of his literary pro 
 ductivity. 
 
 The works of Cardinal Gibbons have exerted a 
 marked influence throughout the world and are char 
 acterized by classic clearness and beauty of style, force 
 of logic and vigor of thought. As literary creations, 
 contemplated apart from their religious or eccleciasti- 
 cal significance they have an assured place in the 
 language. All his public deliverances, sermons, lec 
 tures, addresses, are imbued with a spirit of lofty 
 patriotism, a keen, suggestive analysis of constitutional 
 issues and the complex problems, social, civic, ma 
 terial, which enter into the heart of modern life. No 
 American churchman has exercised a more compre 
 hensive and salutary influence upon the spirit and 
 character of his own time than Cardinal Gibbons, 
 
 W. C. Devecmon, a member of the bar of Cum 
 berland and a distinguished representative of the legal 
 profession in Maryland, combining literary culture 
 with the technical attainment, is the author of In Re 
 Shakespeare s "Legal Acquirements Notes by an 
 Unbeliever Therein, 1899; The Shakespeare-Bacon 
 Controversy; New Shakespearana. Mr. Devecmon s 
 
153 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 work is characterized by a comprehensive and minute 
 acquaintance with his subject which is the outcome of 
 independent research, by clear and acute reasoning 
 and by a force of logic that not even the most halluci 
 nated of his adversaries can gainsay or resist. His 
 revelations of the litigious atmosphere of the Shakes 
 pearean age is not only lucid and vigorous but is a 
 phase of the complex controversy which, strange as it 
 may appear, has never been developed or apprehended 
 in its vital relation to the case, by any of his pre 
 decessors in this long drawn and still seemingly 
 undetermined discussion. His book sustains the an 
 cient tradition of the Maryland bar of a culture 
 distinct from, but still in perfect harmony with, at 
 tainments that are strictly professional in aim and 
 character. 
 
 No man whose mind is in a rational condition can 
 follow Mr. Devecmon s line of argument carefully an,d 
 continuously and retain faith in the legal attainments of 
 Shakespeare. His reasoning is not only convincing 
 but resistless. He reveals Lord Campbell in a light 
 that does not tend to enhance respect for his intellect 
 ual power or his knowledge of the law, especially as 
 contemplated from an historical attitude. Still, his 
 presentation of the famed author and jurist in no sense 
 exceeds the severity of judgment which characterizes 
 Mr. Atlee s estimate in his fascinating work upon the 
 "Victorian Chancellors/ One may read Mr. Devec- 
 mon s book twice with a sense of increasing pleasure 
 as well as appreciation of its excellence, both logical 
 and literary. It is an admirable illustration of dia- 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 159 
 
 lectio method applied to the solution of a legal 
 problem. 
 
 Eugene Lemoine Didier was born in Baltimore, 
 being descended from an ancient Maryland family, 
 and was educated at Loyola College. He abandoned 
 his original intention of pursuing a commercial career 
 in order to follow the strong propensity of nature and 
 devote his life to the pursuit of literature. Mr. Didier 
 began his career by contributions to local weeklies 
 and subsequently to leading periodicals such as "Ap- 
 pleton s Journal," the "National Quarterly Review," 
 the "Catholic World," etc. He was the principal 
 founder of "Southern Society," a Baltimore weekly 
 which enlisted the talents of such lights of Southern 
 literature as Simms, Hayne, Father Ryan, Cook and 
 Mrs. Margaret J. Preston, and was for a time the 
 Baltimore editor of the "Washington Capitol," of 
 which the brilliant and aggressive Donn Piatt was the 
 chief. At an early period of his development Mr. 
 Didier iell under the magical charm of Poe s verse, 
 as well as the spell of his art in the sphere of prose 
 fiction. His contact with this master spirit may be 
 described as the dominant influence that has inspired 
 his literary life and the best and purest expressions 
 of his varied power in the field of authorship finds its 
 determining or originating motive in his exposition of 
 the art of Poe and his assiduous endeavors to pluck 
 out the heart of the mystery which so long enveloped 
 his life. Mr. Didier was one of the heralds of the now 
 prevailing Poe cult, and in the broadening range of 
 
160 AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 research developed by his author s expanding fame he 
 is an acknowledged authority. His Life of Poe, 
 which appeared in 1876, has passed through nineteen 
 editions. It was issued in the year succeeding the 
 dedication of the monument to the poet in Baltimore, 
 November I7th, 1875, a movement which marks 
 definitely the first stage in the Poe renascence, with 
 which he has been thoroughly and conspicuously as 
 sociated. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. Didier was so fortunate as to obtain 
 possession of the letters that Madame Bonaparte had 
 written to her father, William Patterson, during 
 her residence in Europe. These historic letters, pub 
 lished in "Scribner s Monthly," June and July, 1879, 
 were incorporated into his Life and Letters of 
 Madame Bonaparte, which appeared in the summer of 
 this same year. The work achieved so marked a suc 
 cess that four editions were called for in this country 
 in one month, it was republished in England, 
 passing through four editions, and was also translated 
 into French and issued in Paris. During this year, 
 1879, Mr. Didier was a strong and vigorous advocate 
 of an international copyright law as a means of pro 
 tection to American, as well as an act of justice to 
 English, authors, his views being embodied in a 
 pamphlet, entitled American Publishers and English 
 Authors. His Primer of Criticism, 1883, attracted a 
 far-reaching interest as it assailed in unsparing lan 
 guage the characteristic defects of the foremost con 
 temporary writers of his own country. In 1884 Mr. 
 Didier contributed to the absorbing interest of the 
 
AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 161 
 
 presidential campaign by his pamphlet The Political 
 Adventures of James G. Elaine, in which the mirror 
 was held up to nature and the character of his original 
 reflected in strong and brilliant light In addition to 
 the several works which he has issued beginning with 
 his Life of Poe, Mr. Didier has been during his entire 
 literary career an active contributor in varied fields to 
 a number of our leading journals and periodicals, cyc 
 lopedias of literature, etc. In June, 1909, he published 
 The Poe Cult and Other Poe Papers, embodying 1 the 
 results of prolonged research and marked by a frank 
 ness of utterance which serves at times as a grateful 
 contrast to the decorous platitudes and conventional 
 phraseology of the indolent and irresponsible reviewer. 
 
 Eugene Fauntleroy Cordell, A.M,. M.D., (born 
 at Charlestown, W. Va., 1843) is professor of the his 
 tory of medicine and librarian in the Department of 
 Medicine in the University of Maryland. He served 
 with distinguished honor in the Confederate army, 
 was wounded three times, twice captured, once making 
 his escape, and was especially complimented for 
 gallantry. He received the degree of M.D. from the 
 University of Maryland in 1868. 
 
 Dr. Cordell has occupied several positions of honor 
 and trust in the medical institutions of Baltimore and 
 is foremost in every enterprise having for its aim the 
 advancement of culture in his own professional sphere 
 and in the broader field of literary and historical ac 
 quirement. Among the notable movements with which 
 he has been conspicuously identified are the founda- 
 
1 62 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 tion of the "American Medical College Association," 
 of the "Ladies Auxiliary" of the same, and the 
 "Home for Widows and Orphans of Physicians." 
 
 The work of authorship and research in the depart 
 ment of medicine represents but one phase of Dr. Cor- 
 dell s intellectual activity. In addition to a goodly 
 array of technical studies he has contributed to the 
 foremost medical journals monographs, special in 
 vestigations, etc., Dr. Cordell is the author of the 
 Medical Annals of Maryland, the centennial memorial 
 volume of the "Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of 
 Maryland," 1903, and the History of the University 
 of Maryland, in two volumes, 1907. These works 
 involved immense research and multiform labor in 
 their preparation and are regarded as the highest 
 authority in reference to the renowned and ancient 
 institution to whose history they are devoted. To his 
 energy and inspiration is also to be attributed the 
 existence of "Old Maryland" of which he is the editor 
 as well as the originator and which blends the fine 
 flavor of pure literary culture with its scientific or 
 professional character. Dr. Cordell is an assiduous 
 follower of the muses and his essays, addresses, etc., 
 are marked not by critical discernment alone but by 
 graceful and enobling scholarship. Among these his 
 study of Horace, of Juvenal, his Latin Ode, Centen-. 
 n ial of the University of Maryland, 1907, his Sketch 
 of Dr. Wiesenthal, are worthy of especial recognition 
 and commendation. Dr. Cordell presents a happy il 
 lustration of the union of the literary and the scientific 
 temperaments. It is an ideal harmony and has been 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 163 
 
 frequently revealed in the foremost lights of the medi 
 cal profession from the time of Sir Thomas Browne 
 unto the present day. 
 
 Dr. William Osier (born in Ontario, Canada, 
 1849) was formerly professor in the medical depart 
 ment of the Johns Hopkins University. Since 1905 
 he has been Regius Professor of Medicine in the Uni 
 versity of Oxford. In addition to the production of 
 treatises of marked excellence relating to his special 
 science Dr. Osier has found time to devote himself to 
 the literary and spiritual phases of modern culture. 
 His characteristic works in this sphere are A Discus 
 sion of the Immortality of the Soul, delivered at 
 Harvard University; Aequinimitas and Other Ad 
 dresses; Life of Thomas Linacre. Among the his 
 toric lights of his own profession Sir Thomas Browne 
 seems to hold the foremost place in his regard, in 
 large measure by reason of his quaint and golden 
 charm of style, rich in stately Latin compounds and 
 resistless in its rhythmic grace. 
 
 Dr. Osier s lecture, Calvin and Servetus, is a com 
 prehensive and discerning treatment of a theme that 
 involves all the resources of the historian, the theolo 
 gian and the scientist, and one that acquires intenser 
 interest as we recede from the dramatic period of 
 which it formed so notable a feature into the broader 
 and ampler light of the contemporary day. Dr. Osier 
 is an eminent, as well as an admirable, illustration of 
 that blending of technical attainment with aesthetic 
 culture which is exhibited in many masters of his 
 
164 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 profession during the modern stages of its expansion 
 and development. 
 
 Jacob Harry Hollander, Ph.D. (born 1871) is a 
 native of Baltimore and Professor of Political Econ 
 omy at Johns Hopkins University. He has been en 
 gaged in several difficult and responsible government 
 commissions and is an active leader in all movements 
 relating to municipal advancement, combining an as 
 siduous devotion to his science with an earnest en 
 deavor to apply its teachings in the practical life of 
 the contemporary world. Dr. Hollander is the author 
 of Guide to Baltimore; The Cincinnati Southern Rail 
 way; The Financial History of Baltimore; Studies in 
 State Taxation; Report on Taxation in the Indian 
 Territory; Report on the Debt of Samto Domingo; he 
 has been a varied contributor to periodical literature 
 and has edited "The Letters of David Ricardo to J. R. 
 McCulloh and to Hutches Trower." He is a devoted 
 and versatile laborer in the expanding field of his 
 chosen science. 
 
 Rev. W. T. Russell, D.D., formerly associated 
 with the Cathedral in Baltimore, and now pastor of 
 St. Patrick s Church in Washington, D. C, is the 
 author of Maryland, the Land of Sanctuary, published 
 1907. The work reveals in every stage of its develop 
 ment a wide range of acquaintance with the illustrative 
 literature relating to the subject. Father Russell has 
 not merely assimilated or absorbed the labors of other 
 researchers in this fascinating field of American colo- 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 165 
 
 nial history. He has not descended to the piane of 
 compilation or reproduction. Not independent investi 
 gation alone but the personality of the writer may be 
 traced in every feature of his narrative. Scholarly 
 and comprehensive in character and free from the 
 painful monotony of the annalist or chronicler, the 
 book establishes, without asserting its rank as one of 
 the most valuable contributions made during recent 
 years to a critical knowledge of the suggestive and il 
 luminating period to which it is devoted. 
 
 James Mercer Garnett, LL.D. (born in Virginia, 
 1840) received his scholastic training at the Univer 
 sity of Virginia and in the universities of Germany; 
 served with distinction in the Confederate army; was 
 President of St. John s College, Annapolis; Profes 
 sor of English in the University of Virginia from 
 1882-96. He has won enviable fame as a teacher and 
 student of English and is entitled to rank among our 
 foremost English scholars. Dr. Garnett has been pro 
 ductive as well as studious, the results of his re^ 
 searches extending into a variety of fields. Among 
 his works thus far issued the following may be named 
 as deserving of especial commendation: Translation 
 of Beowulf, first edition in 1882, has passed through 
 four editions; a translation of Elene and Other Anglo- 
 Saxon Poems; A History of the University of Vir 
 ginia, 1901 ; edited "Selections in English Prose," 
 1891, frequently reprinted; "Hayne s Famous Speech 
 to which Webster Replied, 1830," published in 1894; 
 an edition of "Macbeth," 1897; "Burke s Speech on 
 
166 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 Conciliation with America," 1901 ; numerous ad 
 dresses, reviews, especially the latter, which have 
 appeared in the "American Journal of Philology," 
 "The Nation," "The Dial," "Transactions of the Na 
 tional Educational Association," "Modern Language 
 Association," etc. 
 
 Dr. Garnett s edition of Beowulf has received em 
 phatic endorsement from foreign scholars eminent in 
 English philology. 
 
 Dr. Samuel C. Chew (born in 1837), a native of 
 Baltimore, and for many years associated with the 
 medical department of the University of Maryland, 
 has published Addresses on Several Occasions, also 
 Addresses. Though absorbed in an active and dis 
 tinguished professional career Dr. Chew has not failed 
 to cultivate with enthusiasm and success the graces of 
 literature. The impress of his labors is clearly dis 
 cernible in these addresses as well as in his contribu 
 tions to the historic issues that enter into the life of 
 contemporary civilization. His son, Mr. S. C. Chew, 
 Jr., has recently published an appreciative and dis 
 criminating estimate of the late Algernon Swinburne. 
 In addition to his other positions of dignity and re 
 sponsibility Dr. Chew is President of the Board of 
 Trustees of the Peabody Institute. 
 
 Henry L. Mencken (born 1880), a Marylander, 
 by profession a journalist and author, associated with 
 the staff of the "Baltimore Sun," has written The 
 Philosophy of Nieztsche, which was favorably re- 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 167 
 
 viewed in the literary columns of "The Nation," as 
 well as by other leading critical journals; also G. Ber 
 nard Shaw, His Plays and Ventures into Verse. 
 Journalism and pure literature are capable of har 
 monious co-operation, a truth illustrated time and 
 again in the history of the great dailies which are the 
 peculiar propagandas of culture in England and France. 
 Mr. Mencken s contributions to the literary columns 
 of the "Baltimore Evening Sun" are marked by un 
 common range and variety of theme and are fre 
 quently touched by fine discernment as well as a 
 genuine faculty of appreciation. 
 
 Harry Snowden Stabler, a native of Virginia and 
 resident of Baltimore, although absorbed in the exact 
 ing pursuits of banking has found time to cultivate 
 the graces of literature in his lamplight hours and has 
 won fame as a writer of stories which have appeared 
 during recent years in "The Saturday Evening Post." 
 The profession of the banker seems to be endowed 
 with a strongly marked affinity for the culture of 
 literature. This is attested by illustrations so signal 
 as those of Grote, Roscoe and Edmund Clarence Sted- 
 man. Mr. Stabler has revealed the inner life, one 
 might almost say the romantic phase of his complex 
 vocation, as it has seldom been seen by the external 
 world. In negro dialect stories he has shown himself 
 especially happy in setting before us the actual living 
 speech, not the travesty or artificial type characteristic 
 of most writers who have essayed this sphere of lan 
 guage development. 
 
168 AUTHORS OE MARYLAND 
 
 Dr. Maurice Fluegel (died 1911), of Baltimore, is 
 an author of wide and varied range in the sphere of 
 theology and philosophy. Among his contributions 
 may be named: Thoughts on Religious Rites and 
 Views; The Spirit of Biblical Legislation; Messiah 
 Ideal, Vol. I ; Jesus of Nazareth, Vol 1 1 ; Paul and Mo 
 hammed; Gospel and Koran; The Zend-Avesta and 
 Eastern Religions; Israel, the Bible People; Philosophy 
 and Qttabbala; Vedanta and Zohar; The Laws of 
 Moses; The Talmud. Dr. Fluegel is a vigorous con 
 troversialist and has forcefully and learnedly with 
 stood some of the views advanced by Dr. Paul Haupt 
 of Johns Hopkins University, especially in regard to 
 the nationality of Jesus Christ. 
 
 Paul Haupt, Ph.D. (born in Germany, 1858), 
 professor of Semitic Languages in the Johns Hopkins 
 University, is editor of "The Polychrome Bible/ of 
 the new "Critical Hebrew Text of the Old Testa 
 ment," and is co-editor of the "Assyriological 
 Library" and "Comparative Semitic Grammar," is 
 author of The Akkadian Language; The Summerian 
 Family Lazus; A Babylonian Nhnrod Epoch; The 
 Cunieform Account of the Deluge; The Akkadian and 
 Summerian Cunieform Texts in the British Museum; 
 and has also contributed a wide range of special 
 articles to the higher forms of periodical literature. 
 Dr. Haupt is regarded by many of his colleagues as 
 tending toward iconoclasm in his attitude with refer 
 ence to certain essential questions that form part of 
 the historical and theological life of the Old Testament 
 
AUTHORS MARYLAND 169 
 
 Scriptures. His deliverances in respect to the Aryan 
 nationality of Jesus Christ have elicited vigorous pro 
 tests from theologians and critics of the conservative 
 school in all parts of the world and in every phase of 
 religious thought. 
 
 George Washington McCreary, of Baltimore, is 
 an earnest and enthusiastic worker especially in the 
 sphere of Maryland history. He was for a time City 
 Librarian and for several years Secretary of the Mary 
 land Historical Society. Among his various contribu 
 tions to the advancement of historical knowledge may 
 be named his edition of The Ancient and Honorable 
 Mechanical Company of Baltimore, 1901 ; The First 
 Book Printed in Baltimore Town, Nicholas Hassel- 
 bach s Life and Work the book a Detection of the 
 Conduct and Proceedings of Messrs. Annan and Hen 
 derson, Members of the Associate Presbytery f s\ 
 Whole, Sitting at Oxford Meeting House, April i8th, 
 Anno Doiwne, 1764, Together with Their Abettors, 
 Wherein is Contained Some Remarks by John Redick 
 Le Man, 1903. Mr. McCreary is a distinguished 
 graduate of the Johns Hopkins University. He has 
 concentrated his intellect and energy from his early 
 years upon the promotion of historical research and 
 has labored diligently to render the materials requisite 
 to the attainment of that end accessible to every 
 student. 
 
 Edward H. Ingle (born in Baltimore, 1861) is a 
 student of history and a vigorous contributor to the 
 
i;o AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 progress of his science. He has written: Parish In 
 stitutions of Maryland; Captain Richard Ingle, the 
 Maryland Pirate and Rebel; Local Institutions of 
 Virginia; The Negro in the District of Columbia; In 
 the Maze; Southern Sidelights. Mr. Ingle is associ 
 ated with the staff of the "Baltimore Manufacturers 
 Record" and has shown himself the zealous and un 
 compromising champion of the commercial expansion 
 of Maryland and the South. His articles in refer 
 ence to the so-called "Ogden Movement" have aroused 
 a far-reaching interest and have commanded the 
 respect even of those who dissent from his con 
 clusions. 
 
 J. Leo Crane (born 1881), a native of Baltimore, 
 has won great success as a writer of stories. He has 
 grown steadily in productive power as well as in range 
 and variety. He contributes to many of the most 
 popular periodicals of the day so that his creations 
 have the widest circulation, their innate excellence 
 combining with the journals which publish them in 
 accomplishing this result. No Maryland author has 
 achieved a more marked success in his peculiar sphere 
 of fiction than Crane. 
 
 Lynn R. Meekins, a journalist by profession, is 
 the author of Robb s Island Wreck; Adam Bush, and 
 about two hundred short stories contributed to leading 
 journals and periodicals which have won a deserved 
 and far-reaching popularity. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 171 
 
 Dr. Allen Kerr Bond (born in 1859) is a son of 
 Dr. Thomas E. Bond, Jr., and received his scholastic 
 training at the Johns Hopkins University, taking the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts. Though devoting him 
 self to the profession of medicine and contributing to 
 technical journals and special treatises, the rich re 
 sults of his original thought, particularly in his paper 
 on A New View of Sleep, and his passion for litera 
 ture, have not failed to assert their energy and he has 
 been especially productive in themes that trace their 
 origin to rural life and association. These have ap 
 peared in the "Baltimore Southern Methodist" and in 
 other leading religious journals. 
 
 S. Z. Ammen, LL.D., a native of Virginia and a 
 graduate of Washington and Lee University, is by 
 profession a journalist, being associated with the staff 
 of the "Baltimore Sun." In addition to his editorial 
 contributions to the "Sun," which are marked by 
 varied culture and lucid diction, Dr. Ammen is the 
 author of The Ritual and Code of the Kappa- Alpha 
 Fraternity, which he founded ; a description of Luray 
 Cave; he has written for "Appleton s Cyclopedia"; he 
 has also written A History of Maryland Troops in the 
 Confederate Army and has occasionally contributed to 
 leading periodicals. The History of the Second Mary 
 land Infantry and Other Maryland Commands (con 
 tains a rich accumulation of valuable and original his 
 torical material. 
 
 William Theophilus Brantly (born 1852), a 
 
172 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 native of Georgia and resident of Baltimore, is Re 
 porter of the Court of Appeals and professor in the 
 legal department of the University of Maryland. Mr. 
 Brantly is an accepted authority upon the history and 
 development of the law. He has written: The Eng 
 lish in Maryland; Notes on the Law of Contracts; 
 Maryland; has edited "Reports of Maryland Courts 
 Prior to 1850," forty volumes; and in his official 
 capacity has edited the "Maryland Law Reports" from 
 volume 80 to the present time. He also wrote a 
 Historical Sketch of the Bench and Bar of Baltimore- 
 City for "Nelson s History of Baltimore," 1898, which 
 is one of the most valuable and instructive features of 
 the work. 
 
 Dr. Bartlett Burleigh James (born 1866), a 
 native of Maryland, is a special student of history and 
 was formerly professor in Western Maryland College. 
 He has continued the "History of Maryland," by; 
 James McSherry, to contemporary times and is the 
 author of The Labadist Colony in Maryland; The 
 Colonization of New England; The History of the 
 American Revolution; History of the Women of Eng 
 land. The work of Dr. James has been strongly com 
 mended by our leading critical reviews. He is at 
 present engaged in journalism, being associated with 
 the editorial staff of the "Baltimore American," and 
 is a forceful as well as accomplished and scfiolarly 
 writer. 
 
 A. Leo Knott (born 1829), a native of Frederick 
 
AUTHORS OB* MARYLAND 173 
 
 County, Md., is by profession a lawyer. He has 
 written a History of Maryland, Its Agricultural Prod 
 ucts, Manufactures and Statistics, and has contributed 
 many articles to the press bearing upon the vital 
 political issues of the day. Mr. Knott is an ardent 
 champion of the constitutional rights of the people 
 against the encroachments and abuses of arbitrary and 
 centralized power. 
 
 Folger McKinsey, the "Bentztown Bard" (born 
 at Elkton, Md., 1866), has published A Rose of the 
 Old Regime and Other Poems of Love and Childhood. 
 Mr. McKinsey is a daily contributor to the poetical 
 columns of the "Baltimore Sun" and is endowed with 
 a facility in versification as rare as it is sustained and 
 continuous. The flow of his rhymes may be likened 
 to a vocal current unabating in energy and vigor of 
 movement. Among the creations which reveal the 
 "Bentztown Bard" in the purest light may be named 
 Randall for the Hall of Fame, "Baltimore Sun," 
 November I7th, 1910. This appealing and almost 
 perfect tribute of the living to the dead poet should be 
 diligently read and inculcated at every fireside and in 
 every school in Maryland. In no phase of his varied 
 range in poetry does Mr. McKinsey appear in more 
 attractive form and with greater power for noble ends 
 than in his verses designed for children. It may be 
 added that the success which he has won in this sphere 
 is a marked and convincing proof of the excellence of 
 his art. The "Baltimore Sun" of November 6th, 1910, 
 
174 AUTHORS OT MARYLAND 
 
 contains a tribute to the "Bentztown Bard," by W. L. 
 K. Barrett, of Baltimore. 
 
 Lewis Webb Wilhelm, (1854-1911), a native of 
 Baltimore, by profession a teacher, was a special 
 student of Maryland history and accomplished ex 
 cellent results in that department. He is the author 
 of Sir George Calvert, Baron of Baltimore; Local In 
 stitutions of Maryland. 
 
 Westal W. Willoughby, Ph.D., a Virginian by 
 birth, is Professor of Political Science in Johns Hop 
 kins University. He is the author of : The Supreme 
 Court of the United States, Its History and Ad 
 ministrative Importance; Government and Admini 
 stration of the United States; The Nature of the 
 States A Study in Political Philosophy ; The Amer 
 ican Constitutional System; The Political Theories of 
 the Ancient World; Social Justice, a Critical Study; 
 The Rights and Duties of American Citizenship. 
 
 James T. Wilson, of Baltimore, has traveled in 
 many lands. Two pleasing and attractive narratives 
 are the result : Our Cruise in the Mediterranean and 
 Clear Around. 
 
 Christopher Johnston, Ph.D. (born in Baltimore, 
 1856), is Professor of Oriental History and Archae 
 ology in Johns Hopkins University and a diligent re 
 searcher and explorer in his chosen field. He has 
 contributed largely to the literature of his subject 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 175 
 
 through the medium of lectures and special articles in 
 the leading reviews, and has produced The Epistolary 
 Literature of the Assyrians and Babylonians; Gen 
 ealogies of the Members and Records of the Services 
 of Ancestors, a work of rare value and interest pre 
 pared for "The Society of Coloniail Wars." 
 
 Martin John Vincent (born 1857), a native of 
 Ohio, is Professor of European History in the Johns 
 Hopkins University. He is the author of Contribu 
 tions Towards a Bibliography of American Plistory; 
 American Blue Laws; Government in Switzerland; 
 Switzerland; Herbert B. Adams, Tributes of Friends; 
 A Bibliography of the Department of History, Johns 
 Hopkins University; Switzerland at the Beginning of 
 the Sixteenth Century; Municipal Government in the 
 Twelfth Century; Municipal Problems in Mediaeval 
 Switzerland. The work of Dr. Vincent in the field of 
 Swiss history is held in high regard in the intellectual 
 centers of the country, such as Geneva, and its ex 
 cellence is a subject of comment in university circles 
 and among special students in that sphere of research. 
 
 Rev. Louis O Donovan, S.J.L., a Baltimorean, has 
 published Asscrtio Septem Sacramentorum, or a De 
 fence of the Seven Sacraments, by King Henry VIII 
 of England, Preceded by a Preface by His Eminence 
 Cardinal James Gibbons, 1908. Whatever the stand 
 point of the reader this book cannot fail to command 
 an intelligent and appreciative perusal as it introduces 
 one of the most critical and at the same time one of the 
 
176 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 most interesting epochs in the development of ecclesi 
 astical history. The English rendering of King Henry s 
 Latin commends itself by its raciness and vigor, while 
 admirably preserving the spirit of the original. 
 
 Dr. Fabian Franklin, for many years a resident 
 of Baltimore, received his special training in advanced 
 mathematics at the Johns Hopkins University under 
 the guidance of Professor J. J. Sylvester. He re 
 linquished its exclusive pursuit and entered the field 
 of journalism as leading editorial contributor to the 
 "Baltimore News." Dr. Franklin prepared the Life 
 of Professor Sylvester" for the "Dictionary of Na 
 tional Biography," London, his selection for the work 
 implying a rare tribute to his skill as a mathematician 
 and his discernment as a biographer. In 1908 he pub 
 lished a volume of essays, lectures and editorials 
 drawn from the columns of the "Baltimore News." 
 In 1910 his Life of Daniel Colt Oilman appeared. It 
 may be justly pronounced a suggestive, discriminating 
 and finely balanced biography of the first president of 
 the Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Franklin has 
 demonstrated his capacity as a lucid, vigorous and cul 
 tured writer in the threefold sphere of science, jour 
 nalism and biography. 
 
 Rev. Leander M. Zimmerman (born 1866), a 
 native of Maryland, a clergyman of the Lutheran 
 Church and pastor of Christ (Lutheran) Church, 
 Baltimore, is a varied and active contributor to litera 
 ture in its most useful forms. His manifold works 
 have been strongly commended by the leading re- 
 
AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 177 
 
 viewers of the country. The range of his production 
 may be inferred from the accompanying list oi books : 
 Daily Bread Eor Daily Hunger; Sunshine; How to Be 
 Happy When Married; The Little Grave; Pearls of 
 Comfort; Finding His Own Lamb; A Word to the 
 Troubled; Book of Verses; Yvonne; Oil of Kindness; 
 The Family; A Wedding Token; Paths That Cross; 
 Expositor s Thoughts on Pilgrim s Progress; Children 
 in the Kingdom. Dr. Zimmerman s recently issued 
 story, Dot, has been received with marked favor. His 
 God and the Unsaved or How to Become a Christian^ 
 has met with cordial approval in clerical and theologi 
 cal centers, 
 
 Dr. David Marvel Reynolds Culbreth (born 
 1856), a native of Delaware and resident of Balti 
 more, in addition to special treatises of recognized 
 excellence upon the science of pharmacy, has written 
 a History of the University of Virginia, 1908, an at 
 tractive and stimulating work, not merely by reason of 
 its ample and critical acquaintance with the subject 
 but rich in reminiscences, personal incidents and il 
 lustrations drawn from life. The narrative is touched 
 at times by a coloring sufficiently strong to produce 
 vividness of impression, without arousing dissent or 
 suggesting even a demurrer on the part of the reader. 
 The portraitures of the faculty as they were drawn 
 by Dr. Culbreth during his student life, are imbued 
 with a charm and revealing power seldom attained by 
 the cold and elaborate procedures of formal biography. 
 The most discerning and effective is probably the 
 
1 78 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 sketch of Professor Gildersleeve, the sole survivor 
 of the choice and master spirits who were the glory 
 and ornament of the institution during the period pre 
 ceding the overthrow of the ancient Southern civili 
 zation. 
 
 Rev. Oliver Huckel, D.D. (born in 1864), pastor 
 of the Associate Congregational Church, Baltimore, is 
 a native of Philadelphia. His scholastic training was 
 received at the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard, 
 Berlin and at Oxford. Though absorbed in an active 
 and distinguished clerical career Dr. Huckel has ap 
 plied himself to literature with marked success as 
 author, lecturer and translator. So varied a range of 
 attainment is not frequently revealed during an age 
 characterized in nearly all its intellectual phases by a 
 rigid and unsympathetic tendency toward extreme 
 specialization. One who has achieved success as an 
 interpreter of the sovereigns of the musical world and 
 as an expounder of the master lights of German and 
 Italian poetry as well as the lords of his mother speech 
 is almost a phenomenon in an age which has reduced 
 its culture forms to isolated types and converted 
 the grand harmony and synthesis of knowledge into 
 an impossible dream. Dr. Huckel is one of the 
 recognized forces in all that makes for intellectual 
 advancement in Baltimore and in Maryland. The fol 
 lowing list will illustrate the diversity as well as the 
 ample measure of his literary productivity: The 
 Larger Life; The Melody of God s Love; Higher 
 Education and the Common People; The Modern 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 179 
 
 Study of Conscience; The Faith of Our Fathers and 
 the Faith of the Future; The Loom of Life; Com* 
 mon Sense and Christian Science; Mental Medicine; 
 Lectures Before the Y. M. C. A. of Johns Hopkins 
 Medical School; six volumes of translations and in 
 terpretations of the Wagner music dramas, includ 
 ing: Parsifal; Lohengrin; Tannhauser; and the 
 Niebelungen Ring series of Rheingold; Valkyrie; 
 Siegfried; and The Dusk of the Gods. The popularity 
 of these works is attested by their far reaching and 
 continuous circulation. Dr. Huckel has been the re 
 cipient of many marks of distinction in his clerical 
 capacity as well as in the sphere of literature and 
 art, to the pursuit of which he has devoted his en 
 ergies, his enthusiasm and his critical acquirements 
 in more than one of their affluent and inspiring fields. 
 
 Joshua D. Warfeild (born 1838), a Marylander, 
 is the author of Historic Spots near Glenwood; The 
 Warfeilds of Maryland; Founders of Anne Arundel 
 and Howard Counties, Maryland Biographies of the 
 Governors of Maryland; Lives of Eminent Men and 
 Women of America. For the student of the history 
 of Maryland, especially the inner and more attractive 
 phases of her development, these works possess a 
 marked interest as well as value. The author is by 
 profession a teacher and has occupied more than one 
 position of trust and distinction in the educational 
 field. The enthusiast and the researcher in the fas 
 cinating sphere which Mr. Warfeild has made his 
 peculiar domain will find inspiration as well as de- 
 
i8o AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 light in the zealous study of these volumes, with their 
 revelation of that deeper and richer historic life which 
 is not presented in the formal chronicle or the me 
 chanical narrative, where the element of personality 
 assumes a subordinate or inferior part in the unfold 
 ing of the complex story, 
 
 Maurice Bloomfield, Ph.D. (born in Austria, 
 1855), professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Phil 
 ology in the Johns Hopkins University, stands in the 
 foremost file of American scholarship in his especial 
 sphere. His rich and varied contributions to his 
 science assume the form of translations and original 
 researches, such as his rendering of the "Artharve- 
 Vedam" the "Gopatha-Brahmana." He is the author 
 of Sutra of Kaucika; Cerberus, ilie Dog of Hades; 
 as well as a variel contributor to the journals that 
 illustrate the progress of comparative philology. Owen 
 Wister, in his Harvard lecture, December, 1907, di 
 rects emphatic attention to the international renown 
 which Dr. Bloomfield has won in his field of 
 philological research. 
 
 William L. K. Barrett, a Baltimorean, has ven 
 tured into the walks of the Muses and has produced 
 a variety of verse, patriotic, sentimental, romantic. 
 It is marked by energy and force, a pure apprecia 
 tion of the ludicrous as it finds expression through the 
 medium of speech, and in his utterances in regard 
 to the vital political issues which lie at the base of 
 the national history is untouched by the evil genius 
 
AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 181 
 
 of a vindictive and implacable spirit. A Night with 
 Burns, reveals Mr. Barrett s capabilities as a poet in 
 their most auspicious and attractive light. The sub 
 ject in itself is fascinating and seems to appeal to the 
 soul of the young Baltimore poet with a strong and 
 resistless sympathy. Mr. Barrett has recently is 
 sued A Christmas Eve Reverie, December, 1909, a 
 work of unusual excellence, combining grace and 
 vigor with tenderness and purity of thought. Friend 
 ship with Christ; The Road to Success; The Old Year 
 and the New; The Value of a Smile; are among his 
 contributions to the Muses and these reveal an in 
 creasing range of power as well as facility in his 
 cherished art. Mr. Barrett has also won an enviable 
 success by his lectures and addresses upon "Panama 
 and the Canal." His critical acquaintance with the 
 subject is derived from personal inspection and ex 
 perience and constitutes a valuable addition to the 
 existing knowledge in reference to a vast and ex 
 panding question which has fascinated the discerning 
 and prophetic spirit of the commercial world for 
 nearly four centuries. 
 
 Thomas O. Clark, a resident of Baltimore, has 
 published a volume entitled At the Gate and Other 
 Poems, 1904. Mr. Clark, although absorbed in the 
 unresting pursuits of the commercial world, has found 
 recreation and solace in the culture of the muses. 
 His work is marked by delicacy of perception and a 
 wide range of sympathy as well as an appreciation 
 of the humorous phases of the many sided life which 
 
182 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 is characteristic of the modern world. John Smith s 
 Christmas suggests a comparison with Sidney Lanier s 
 "Hard Times in Elfland." Among the poems that 
 seem to require especial commendation may be named : 
 To Poetry; At the Gate; Confederate Memorial Day; 
 Sleep and Death; Easter; True Loneliness; Tivilight. 
 
 Thomas Hughes, a well known representative of 
 the bar of Baltimore, is the author of A Boy s Ex 
 perience in the Civil War, 1860-65, 1904- The book 
 has the unfading interest which is associated with the 
 great historic drama and is rich in thrilling episodes, 
 strange scenes and moving incidents. 
 
 John Wilber Jenkins, a native of North Carolina, 
 by profession a journalist, was the originator of 
 Maryland Day observance in the schools of the State. 
 Mr. Jenkins is a frequent contributor to the poetical 
 columns of some of our foremost dailies, and an en 
 thusiastic as well as successful worker in more than 
 one sphere of literary activity. 
 
 Dr. James Curtis Ballagh, a native of Virginia, 
 Professor of American History in the Johns Hopkins 
 University, has written the History of Slavery in 
 Virginia; Introduction to Southern Economic His 
 tory; The Tariff and Public Lands. Dr. Ballagh is a 
 diligent and laborious student in his special depart 
 ment of historical research. 
 
 Littell McClung, a Virginian and resident of 
 Baltimore, has won marked success in that constantly 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 183 
 
 expanding literary field the story. He has developed 
 the faculty of description in clear and definite terms 
 such as the memory readily assimilates. 
 
 Heinrich Ewald Buchholz, a Baltimorean, has 
 published Governors of Maryland, 1908, a series of 
 articles which appeared in the columns of the "Balti 
 more Sun." The work displays diligent and laborious 
 research. The author s sketch of Governor Johnson 
 especially commends itself as a judicious estimate of 
 one of the most interesting characters associated with 
 the history of Maryland, during the critical era of 
 the Revolution, and is marked by clearness and vigor 
 of presentation. 
 
 Dr. Bernard C. Steiner (born 1867), librarian of 
 the Pratt Library since 1892, is an energetic laborer, 
 especially in the department of Maryland history. 
 The following list of works produced by him will 
 illustrate the range of his activity in his chosen field : 
 Beginnings of Maryland, 1631-1639; Citizenship and 
 Suffrage in Maryland; Cokesbury College, the First 
 Methodist Institution for Higher Education; Descrip 
 tions of Maryland; Education; Maryland During the 
 English Civil Wars; Life and Administration of Sir. 
 William Eden; Genealogy of the Steiner Family; 
 Western Maryland in the Revolution; History of 
 Education in Connecticut; History of Education in 
 Maryland; Life and Correspondence of James Mc- 
 Henry, Secretary of War under Washington and 
 Adams; Maryland s First Courts; The Restoration of 
 
184 AUTHORS OE MARYLAND 
 
 the Proprietary of Maryland and the Legislation 
 Against the Roman Catholics during the Governship 
 of Capt. John Hart, 1714-1720; American Legislatures 
 and Legislative Methods. 
 
 Rev. William Rosenau, D.D. (born in Silesia in 
 1865), is the author of Jeivish Biblical Commentators; 
 Some Ancient Oriental Academies; Jews Liturgy 
 and Ritual; Hebraisms in the Authorised Version of 
 the Bible. Of these, the last possesses a special in 
 terest as the influence of Hebrew idioms upon our 
 English speech is a subject which has for ages at 
 tracted the attention of the cultured world and is dis 
 cussed by Addison in a notable essay nearly two 
 centuries ago. Dr. Rosenau s publications reveal his 
 scholarly sympathies and illustrate his scholarly ac 
 quirements in his broad and almost boundless de 
 partment of Biblical criticism. 
 
 Rev. William Henry Woods, D.D., a Presby 
 terian clergyman of Baltimore, is endowed with a 
 rich and discerning productive faculty in poetry as 
 well as in criticism. He is active and energetic in 
 the exercise of his gifts and a frequent contributor 
 to the foremost periodicals. His study of Edgar 
 Allan Poe had the rare distinction of being repro 
 duced by the "London Academy," May 14, 1910, 
 
 Rev. F. X. Brady, S.J., (1857-1911), a native of 
 Pennsylvania, head of Loyola College, Baltimore, was 
 an accomplished translator of devotional works as 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 185 
 
 well as classical French literature. His Holy Hour 
 achieved an immense success, the sale extending to 
 hundreds of thousands. 
 
 Clayton Colman Hall, of Baltimore, a lawyer 
 by profession, is the author of The Great Seal of 
 Maryland; The Lords Baltimore and the Maryland 
 Palatinate; Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684. 
 The work of Mr. Hall is worthy of special recognition 
 on account of the laborious and critical research which 
 characterizes every phase of its development. He is 
 an accepted authority in that peculiar sphere of local 
 history to which he has devoted his energies and his 
 acquirements. 
 
 Winfield Scott Schley (born 1839), the hero of 
 Santiago, a native of Frederick, Md., retired Rear- 
 Admiral U. S. Navy, who was in charge of the Greely 
 Relief Expdition in 1884, is the author of An Arctic 
 Rescue; The Rescue of Greely; Report of Greely Re 
 lief Expedition, 1884-1887 ; Forty-Five Years Under 
 the Flag, 1904. The skill and success of Admiral 
 Schley in the field of exploration have won ample 
 recognition from the most eminent sources, scholarly 
 as well as scientific. 
 
 St. George Leakin Sioussat, Ph.D. (born 1878), 
 a native of Maryland and professor in the Uni 
 versity of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee, is a 
 progressive and productive student of commercial his 
 tory, ecomomics and the political life of the colonial 
 era, with especial reference to Maryland and Vir- 
 
186 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 ginia. Among his contributions to his broad and 
 varied field of research may be named as worthy of 
 peculiar recognition: Baltimore; Virginia and the 
 English Commercial System; Statistics on State and 
 Higher Education; Highway Legislation in Maryland 
 and its Influence on the Economic Development of 
 the State; Economics and Politics in Maryland, 1/20- 
 7750; The Public Services of Daniel Dulancy the 
 Elder. 
 
 Allen Sinclair Will (born 1868), a native of 
 Virginia, is by profession a journalist, being associated 
 with the editorial staff of the "Baltimore Sun." He 
 is the author of World Crisis in China and of varied 
 contributions to the history of Maryland and Vir 
 ginia. Mr. Will has shown himself the earnest and 
 . effective champion of intellectual culture in every 
 sphere. 
 
 Henry Randolph Larimer, the "Blind Bard of 
 Baltimore," has issued a volume entitled Virginia 
 Dare and Other Poems, 1909. Mr. Latimer in se 
 lecting the period which marks /the beginning of 
 American colonial history has ventured into a fascinat 
 ing and inspiring field for the romancer and above 
 all for the dramatist. No incident in early Ameri 
 can annals is so rich in dramatic possibilities as the 
 story of the lost colony, and especially that part of 
 the record which includes the return of White in 
 1590, in quest of his countrymen and the blast of his 
 trumpet as his fleet drew near the forsaken and de 
 solate island of Roanoke. Mr. Latimer writes with 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 187 
 
 effectiveness, vigor, and at times with genuine 
 rhythmic grace. In An Epitaph he has attained his 
 highest point of excellence in the work thus far 
 produced. 
 
 William Meade Pegram, a resident of Baltimore 
 and one of the Pegrani family of Virginia, served 
 with distinction in the Confederate army. He is en 
 dowed with a vigorous poetic faculty which has as 
 serted its power in more than one sphere. In No 
 vember, 1909, he published a volume entitled Past 
 Times, consisting not of poems alone, but containing 
 a collection of proverbs embodying the wisdom of the 
 ages and illustrated by comments which in many in 
 stances are more trenchant and luminous than the 
 text. Here, at least, the interpreter often rises above 
 his originals. Some of the poems which Major 
 Pegram has given to the world have overleaped sec 
 tional or local limitations and won national fame. 
 Notably is this true of Cease Firing based upon an 
 historic incident that appealed to the sensibilities and 
 the nobler nature of all who were engaged in the great 
 drama of the War between the States. Among those 
 that come to the heart with especial force may be 
 named : To a Beautiful Voice; Souvenir Bells; Sounds 
 Far From Home; Wedded to His Ideal; Old Christ 
 Church Bells; The Restored Flag; Is It If; The Lone 
 some Laddie. 
 
 Edward Otto, a Baltimorean, a graduate of the 
 University of Maryland, 1883, and a lawyer by pro 
 fession, has been for years a varied and diligent con- 
 
i88 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 tributor to "Old Maryland" in both prose and poetry. 
 Mr. Otto has a pure poetic faculty and his verses 
 at times, especially those relating to Robert Burns, 
 are worthy of strong approval. These, however, by 
 no means represent the full measure of his productive 
 power as is illustrated by his America; Kind Hearts 
 Will Not Wither; Life Not a Dream and The Harp. 
 This last may be regarded as the crown of Mr. Otto s 
 achievements in the sphere of the Muses. 
 
 In prose Mr. Otto is vigorous, independent, full of 
 learning, rich and research. His English Monasteries 
 appeals with special force to the student of the 
 mediaeval age and has elicited warm commendation 
 from eminent ecclesiastical sources. This is but one 
 of a number that demand honorable recognition from 
 critic or commentator. A just and discriminating es 
 timate of his literary work will be found in "Old 
 Maryland" for January, 1908. He is associated with 
 the editorial staff of the "Baltimore Sun." In ad 
 dition to his literary skill and productive powers Mr. 
 Otto is an admirable translator from the classical 
 languages of the modern and ancient world, such as 
 German and Greek. Among his reproductions of the 
 Greek drama in English may be especially commended 
 the translation of the chorus of the ocean nymphs in 
 the "Prometheus Bound" of Aeschylus. The spirit 
 of the original dominates the verse but the metrical 
 form is assimilated to the genius of English speech. 
 It is an admirable illustration of the author s capacity 
 for presenting in modern vesture the flavor and 
 fragrance of the antique classical world. 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 189 
 
 George E. Tack, of Baltimore, is a diligent and 
 versatile contributor to the poetical columns of more 
 than one leading journal and periodical. His range 
 includes the patriotic, the devotional, the romantic 
 features of contemporary life and development. His 
 purest inspiration proceeds from the contemplation of 
 nature in her calmer and serener moods. In the 
 best sphere of his production in verse he is, perhaps 
 unconsciously, a disciple of Wordsworth. Digressions 
 or excursions into prose do not reveal Mr. Tack in 
 his most attractive light. His work, when seen in 
 its congenial forms, displays vigor and grace, in con 
 ception as well as execution. His frequent contri 
 butions in diverse fields seem to indicate a growth 
 of productive faculty as the years increase, 
 
 Charles A. Fisher, a native of Baltimore, has 
 issued a volume of poems entitled The Minstrel with 
 the Selfsame Song, 1910. The range of the work is 
 varied, embracing every sentiment "from grave to 
 gay, from lively to severe." At times the verse is 
 excellent, the wit pungent, the humor affluent. Mr. 
 Fisher s devotion to music is strikingly reflected in 
 his poetry. Sidney Lanier and himself would have 
 discovered points of affinity, congeniality and sym 
 pathy. In these kindred spirits 
 
 "Music and sweet poetry agree, 
 As needs they must, the sister and the brother." 
 
 The Ballad of Betsy Patterson especially commends 
 itself as do the several renderings or adaptations from 
 the German. Mr. Fisher has occasionally fallen into 
 
190 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 the "In Memoriam" stanza, rich in grace and flexi 
 bility yet seldom availed of by American lyrists. 
 Plea and Woman s Rights are admirable illustrations. 
 Keats should be read in connection with Randall s 
 "Keats," and With a Rose compared with Miles rar 
 est flower of song "Said the Rose." 
 
 Rev. J. Spangler Kieffer, D.D., of Hagerstown, 
 Md., has published a volume of essays entitled Head 
 and Heart, 1910. The style of the work is admirable 
 blending simplicity with vigor and logical analysis. 
 The moral tome is worthy of unqualified commenda 
 tion for it is the practical illustration and application 
 of the purest ideals inculcated by the Christian faith. 
 
 Matthew Page Andrews, a native of Virginia 
 and graduate of Washington and Lee University, 
 edited, April, 1910, the works of James Ryder Rand 
 all, the most truly representative Maryland poet. The 
 edition of Mr. Andrews is entitled to almost un 
 qualified approbation as it illustrates nearly every 
 essential requisite to be sought for in presenting to 
 the world the text of a poetical classic. For the first 
 time the creations of Randall are accessible in concise 
 as well as complete form; the notes and comments 
 are ample but not elaborated into weakness; the bi 
 ography is a model of clearness and condensation and 
 the origin and development of "My Maryland" are 
 so thoroughly explained as to remove future doubt 
 or controversy from the sphere of ordinary possi 
 bility. The publication of this edition is in itself 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 191 
 
 a marked attestation of the expanding fame of our 
 Maryland laureate. 
 
 Mr. Andrews, by early descent a Marylander, has 
 a thorough appreciation of the historical traditions 
 and thought of his adopted State. He has published 
 a series of articles on Maryland history and literature, 
 especially with regard to the crisis of 1861. 
 
 George Forbes, a native of Annapolis, and a mem 
 ber of the bar of Baltimore, has published The Rules 
 of Court, 1906, a work highly commended by capable 
 reviewers as admirably adapted to its purpose. Mr. 
 Forbes is a special student of the history of Annapolis 
 and has turned his comprehensive knowledge of the 
 subject to good account in the form of attractive and 
 instructive lectures. 
 
 W. Dwight Burroughs, who is by profession a 
 journalist, being associated with the "Baltimore 
 News," is attaining success in the fascinating and 
 perennial field of juvenile literature. He has already 
 published Wonderland of Stamps; Jack, Junior, the 
 Giant Killer ; and he has in preparation Redskins Fair 
 ly ; Tales Retold for Little Palefaces. In the graver 
 spheres of literature Mr. Burroughs has produced 
 Wise Saws of Old Fools and Proverbs of a Para- 
 grapher. 
 
 Major John Mortimer Kilgour (born 1822), 
 died 1905), a native of Montgomery county, Md., was 
 the author of two poems which are worthy of com 
 memoration in the literary record of his native State. 
 One of these is entitled The Death of General Thomas 
 
192 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 J. Jackson, the other Eighty-Two. Each of these dis 
 plays unusual sensibility as well as vigor of thought 
 and expression. Major Kilgour served in the Con 
 federate army during the War between the States, 
 1861-1865. 
 
 Francis Hopkinson Smith (born in Baltimore, 
 October 23, 1838) has passed the active years of his 
 varied and multiform life in the city of New York. 
 He still retains a loyal affection for the home of 
 his early boyhood. The most notable characteristic 
 in the career of Mr. Smith is the diversity of types 
 which it has developed. That in an epoch marked 
 preeminently by a tendency to specialization in litera 
 ture as well as in science and scholarship, as inflexi 
 ble as it is unsympathetic, one man should attain suc 
 cess if not distinction as artist, engineer, novelist and 
 lecturer, is a phenomenon which suggests the vanished 
 age of such prodigies of versatile genius as Leonardo 
 da Vinci and Michael Angelo. Strangest, perhaps, 
 is the circumstance that mature years had come to 
 Mr. Smith ere he entered the sphere of authorship 
 in 1885 with his autobiographical romance Old Lines 
 in New Black and White. Nearly half a century 
 rested upon him when his first clear call to literary 
 fame was issued. It was, however, only the first, 
 for novel, story, sketch, followed in succession so 
 rapid as to dazzle the imagination with the range and 
 richness of his productive faculty. All lands, civiliza 
 tions, phases of art and forms of racial or national 
 life are portrayed by his comprehensive touch and il- 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 193 
 
 luminating power. Venice, St. Mark s, the Rhine or 
 the Grand Canal, the strenuous and insatiable Amer 
 ican, the "darkey" and his dialect, and the decayed 
 gentleman who has survived the glories of the ancient 
 South. 
 
 It is probably through the medium of his short 
 stories that Mr. Smith is revealed in the strongest 
 and most abiding light. The following list illustrates 
 the measure of his production in this field and in 
 the novel: Old Lines in New Bla\ck and Whiten* 
 1885; Well Worn Roads, 1886; A White Umbrella 
 in Mexico, 1889; A Book of the Tile Club, 18.9031 
 Colonel Carter of Cartersville, 1891 ; A Day at Lagu- 
 erre s, 1892; American Illustrators, 1893; A Gentle 
 man Vagabond and Some Others, 1895; Tom Grogan, 
 1896; Gondola Days, 1897; Venice of Today, 1897; 
 Caleb West, 1898; The Other Fellow, 1899; The 
 Fortunes of Oliver Horn, 1902; The Under Dog, 
 1903; Colonel Carter s Christmas, 1904; A Close 
 Range, 1905 ; The Wood Fire in No. 3, 1905 ; The 
 Tides of Barnegat, 1906; The Veiled Lady, 1907; 
 The Romance of an Old Fashioned Gentleman, 1907; 
 Peter, 1908. 
 
 Colonel Charles Chaille Long (born in Somer 
 set county, Md., July 2nd, 1842), is author, soldier, 
 diplomat and lawyer. His record is marked by a 
 Ulyssean variety, his achievements embracing almost 
 every sphere of activity, the tranquil and ennobling 
 pursuits of science as well as the austere experiences 
 and thrilling episodes of grim visaged war. Colonel 
 
194 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 Long saw service and won distinction in the armies 
 of the Union during our national conflict, 1861- 
 1865. In the years that followed the coming of peace 
 he entered a novel and remote field, became a 
 leading figure in the army of Egypt and accomplished 
 brilliant results in many diverse relations, was Chief- 
 of-Staff to General Charles E. Gordon, executed the 
 treaty annexing Uganda to Egypt, 1874, navigated 
 the unknown Nile, discovered Lake Ibrahim, thus 
 completing Speke s discovery and solving beyond 
 question the problem of the ages, the sources of the 
 mysterious stream. Honors and decorations were 
 bestowed upon him in recognition of his far-reaching 
 services which had been as marked in the realm of 
 exploration and diplomacy as in the shock of battle 
 upon two continents. Among the symbols of honor 
 of which he has been the recipient the medal con 
 ferred by the Legislature of Maryland in 1904 is 
 deserving of special commemoration. 
 
 It is the record of Colonel Long from the viewpoint 
 of authorship that appeals with peculiar interest to 
 the reader of this work. His range is as diverse in 
 the literary sphere as in science or the province of the 
 explorer. The following are his characteristic produc 
 tions in the former of these fields: Central Africa, 
 Naked Truths of Naked People, 1876; L Afrique 
 Ccntrale, 1877; L Egypte et ces Provinces Perdues, 
 1892 ; La Corce on Chosen la Terre du Calme Matlnal, 
 de la Guerre Americaine, 1777-1783. 
 
 In November, 1909, Colonel Long was awarded a 
 
AUTHORS OE MARYLAND 195 
 
 gold medal by the American Geographical Society for 
 the final solution of the Nile source problem. 
 
 McKee Barclay, the artist of the "Baltimore Sun," 
 has published in connection with Mr. William O. 
 Stevens, a thrilling story designed for boys entitled 
 The Young Privateersman which derives its inspira 
 tion from the War of 1812 and especially the ad 
 ventures of certain privateersmen, whose gallantry 
 and daring have failed to receive recognition at the 
 hands of the historian. The work should appeal es 
 pecially to the boys of Baltimore, as the scenes and 
 incidents which enter into it are in large measure 
 associated with points in local geography familiar to 
 every resident of the city. The most interesting events 
 of the second war with England have their centre 
 at Baltimore and the field is rich in material not yet 
 availed of by the historical romancer. The style of 
 the book is vigorous and animated. It should prove 
 an incentive to heroic emprise and what is richer in 
 value, inculcate lofty standards of patriotism drawn 
 from life and idealized by the touch of the biographer 
 and the halo of the artist, 
 
 Tunstall Smith, of Baltimore, has published a 
 volume entitled Richard Snowden Andrews, a Me 
 moir, 1910. This work presents a striking illustra 
 tion of the familiar saying "truth is stranger than 
 fiction/ In all the elements that constitute the 
 hero the character of Lieut. Colonel !Andrews 
 abounded in ample measure. The strange scenes and 
 
196 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 thrilling incidents which marked his career in the 
 army of the Confederacy have rarely been paralleled 
 in the record of modern war. Some of the episodes 
 related by Mr. Smith are perhaps unique.. The story 
 is told with ease, clearness, simplicity. The avoidance 
 of the spectacular and the ostentatious is one of the 
 distinctive features and special charms of the narra 
 tive. The illustrations are admirable and unmarred 
 by excessive or overwrought idealization of their 
 originals. 
 
 Miss Lfillie Schnauffer, a resident of Baltimore, 
 has written a series of sketches, biographical and 
 critical, as well as illustrative, of the German-Ameri 
 can poets whose lives and work are associated with 
 Baltimore. The three poets to whom Miss Schnauf- 
 fer s labors have been devoted are Dr. Moritz Wiener, 
 1812-1905 ; Edward F. Leyh, died 1901, and Carl 
 Heinrich Schnauffer, 1822-1852. Each of these is 
 presented concisely but in ample form, the essential 
 features in their history being placed before the 
 reader so clearly that the mind apprehends and as 
 similates without the consciousness of exertion. The 
 illustrations are chosen with taste and discrimination 
 revealing the inner life of the authors and at a glance 
 setting forth their characteristic or distinctive ex 
 cellences. Of the three sketches that of Carl Heinrich 
 Schnauffer is most finely touched by the spirit of il 
 lumination and addresses itself most strongly to the 
 critical instinct as well as the sympathies and sensibil 
 ities of the lover of poetry. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 197 
 
 Randolph H. McKim, D.D., rector of the Church 
 of the Epiphany, Washington D. C, was born in Balti 
 more and educated at the University of Virginia. He 
 has published A Soldier s Recollections; Leaves from 
 the Diary of a Young Confederate, with an Oration 
 upon the Motives and Aims of the Soldiers of the 
 South, 1910. In the preparation of this admirable and 
 vigorous narrative Dr. McKim enjoys the especial ad 
 vantage of having been in the strongest sense "a part 
 of all that he has met." He served in Jackson s most 
 notable campaigns, he was also ( a staff officer and 
 during the final stages of the colossal conflict he was 
 Chaplain in the cavalry brigade of General Fitzhugh 
 Lee. Every phase of the struggle passed under his 
 youthful but discerning eye. There are graphic pic 
 tures of supreme passes at arms such as Manassas 
 and Chancellorsville and of Jackson s achievements in 
 the valley of Virginia the wonder and the despair 
 of critics, as well as the training school of strategists 
 such as Henderson and Lord Roberts. The story of 
 the Gettysburg campaign might be elaborated into a 
 treatise with rare advantage to the critical student of 
 military history. 
 
 Dr. McKim s work displays an especial power in 
 its portrayal of the social, moral and intellectual 
 character of the men who composed the army of Lee, 
 exhibiting a record almost unmatched in the annals 
 of war. A manly and ingenious tone marks every 
 feature of the book. The author is in the strictest 
 acceptation a representative Marylander, a considera 
 tion which imparts an additional charm to a narrative 
 
198 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 that justifies its existence in the amplest sense by 
 reason of its intrinsic merits alone. 
 
 Dr. Ernest Lagarde (born in New Orleans, Sep 
 tember 4, 1836) is professor of Modern Languages 
 and English Literature in Mount St. Mary s College 
 at Emmitsburg, Md. He is of historic French an 
 cestry, his father having served as an officer in the 
 army of the first Napoleon. During the War be 
 tween the States he devoted himself to the cause of 
 the Confederacy, rendering valuable aid in the ord 
 nance department and still finding opportunity amid the 
 prevailing storm and stress of the conflict to indulge his 
 passion for literature by publishing an evening edition 
 of "The Whig" and a monthly periodical "The Age/ 
 the latter with the collaboration of William M. Bur- 
 well, the probable author of the famous epigram in 
 spired by McClellan s "change of base" after the seven 
 days at Richmond, July, 1862. In the summer of 
 1869 he was elected to the professorship which he 
 still retains in Mount St. Mary s College, the historic 
 school in which have been trained jurists such as 
 Chief Justice White, lyrists and dramatists like Miles, 
 and a genius like La Farge, who was almost the 
 creator of a renaissance in his own pure sphere of 
 artistic development. The work of Professor La- 
 garde in literature has been varied and versatile, as 
 well as active and energetic. Journalism has formed 
 no inconsiderable part of his labors. He was as 
 sociated with "The Magnet" as literary editor, with 
 "The Mirrow" in New Orleans and afterwards with 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 199 
 
 "The Courier" and "The Bee," nor does this enumera 
 tion exhaust the range of his experiences in this dif 
 ficult and arduous field. 
 
 Dr. Lagarde in addition to his services in the sphere 
 or journalism has won distinction as a translator from 1 
 the French, his ancestral if not his vernacular speech. 
 He rendered into English Quinten s historical novel 
 The Nobleman of 89." He has also published a 
 French "Verb Book" and prepared a series of Eng 
 lish readers. In the lecture field he has been active 
 as well as eminent, especially by his association with 
 the summer schools conducted under the auspices of 
 the Catholic Church.. Some of his discourses upon 
 Shakespeare, delivered in that capacity, have been 
 published in recent years. Dr. Lagarde was educated 
 at College Hill, Miss., his uncle, Professor Alexander 
 Dimitry, ,being the head of the institution. The re 
 flective student recalls at once the Professor Dimitry 
 to whom Randall addressed an ode during his day 
 of golden dreams at Georgetown University. He also 
 devoted himself to the study of law at the University 
 of Louisiana. Leading centres of intellectual culture, 
 such as Georgetown University and St. Francis 
 Xavier s College, have bestowed degrees upon him as 
 an evidence of their appreciation of his attainments 
 in literature, romance as well as English, 
 
 Arthur Miller Easter, LL.B., a Baltimorean 
 and by profession a lawyer, has published a volume 
 of poems entitled Songs of Sentiment and Faith, De 
 cember, 1910. A number of his creations are marked 
 
-\\i AUTHORS OP MARYLAND 
 
 by unusual grace and vigor. Even where the author 
 is adhering to a dearly recognized model or proto 
 type his individuality asserts- itself , as for illustration 
 ICs Maryland, My Maryland, which does not derive 
 its suggestion from Randall s incomparable song but 
 from a source and author comparatively unknown to 
 lovers of poetry. In Yes, Is It Not Strange? Mr. 
 Easter adopted the "In Memorian" rhyming combina 
 tion with ease and sustains it with skill to the close. 
 The fluidity and flexibility of this form should com 
 mend its more frequent use on the part of con 
 temporary writers. Upon the whole it may be said 
 that Mr. Easter s purest work is to be found in his 
 Songs of Faith rather than those of Sentiment. The 
 former logically present a field for the incarnation of 
 this high moral earnestness which Matthew Arnold 
 glorifies as the vital essence of the noblest and truest 
 poetry. In this phase of his art Mr. Easter is seen 
 in his dearest light. A number of his efforts in this 
 sphere are worthy of cordial commendation whether 
 regarded from the didactic or religious point of view, 
 or contemplated as literary productions alone. 
 
 Edward Lucas White, of Baltimore, has been 
 productive in the sphere of the story as well as in 
 poetry. In the former field The Little faded Flag, 
 The Grin of the Bull Dog, The Skewbald Panther and 
 Anima may be named as illustrating the purest type 
 of the work. Mr. White has also published a collec 
 tion of poems, some of which had previously appeared 
 in leading periodicals such as the "Atlantic Monthly/ 
 
AUTHORS OP MARYLAND 201 
 
 Among these may be especially named: The Dance; 
 The Regiment; Lost Baltimore; A Summer Summary. 
 
 Henry Elliot Shepherd, M.A., LL.D., was born 
 at Kayetteville, X. C, and after receiving his prepara 
 tory education in his native State he entered the Uni- 
 :ty of Virginia. Shortly thereafter the War be 
 tween the States broke out and as a mere lad he en 
 listed in the Confederate army as one of those de 
 voted students who carried on their classical pursuits 
 by the light of the campfire and almost on the battle 
 field itself. 
 
 After the war Dr. Shepherd was engaged for over 
 a quarter of a century in educational activities in 
 Baltimore and Charleston, S. C. Travel and research 
 in England and Europe led Dr. Shepherd to make the 
 acquaintance of a large number of men eminent in 
 the literary life of the Old World. His remarkable 
 range of study in all departments of literature and 
 history caused him to be greatly sought by editors 
 and publishers of encyclopedias and dictionaries both 
 in England and America. 
 
 Dr. Shepherd has the distinction of being a pioneer 
 in the study and development of the science of lingu 
 istic philology in America. His early work on this 
 subject elicited extended comment from English re 
 viewers in particular and several editions were de 
 manded in close succession at the time of publica 
 tion. The greater part of Dr. Shepherd s creative 
 .ork was done in Baltimore. Some of the volumes 
 that have appeared from his pen are: History of the 
 
202 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 English Language; Grammar of the English Lan 
 guage; Historical Reader; Life of General Robert E. 
 Lee; Commentary upon Tennyson s In Memoriam; 
 essays, reviews, contributions to lexicons, cyclopedias, 
 etc. 
 
 A cheerful willingness to give time and labor and 
 the benefit of his exceptional researches represents a 
 leading trait of Dr. Shepherd s character; this trait 
 may be said to be specifically and concretely attested 
 by this work, "The Representative Authors of Mary 
 land." * 
 
 The history of literature in Maryland has been 
 traced from the time of Father White s "Narrative" 
 in 1635 to the passing of Palmer, Randall, and Father 
 Tabb during the early years of the present century. 
 It has been shown by the record that from the first 
 stages of her organized political life there has been 
 activity and production in some phase of intellectual 
 development. That much may have perished from 
 neglect or indifference is the common fate of litera 
 ture during periods of origin and struggle. 
 
 When American literature, as distinct from that of 
 the ancestral country, acquired a definite form and 
 character, Kennedy appeared with his romances, rich 
 in their native flavor and retaining through the long 
 lapse of years, the fragrance and freshness of their 
 dawning day. Several of the foremost names in a 
 
 *This sketch of Dr. Shepherd was prepared by Matthew 
 Page Andrews. 
 
AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 203 
 
 still youthful chronicle are linked with the State by 
 ties of blood or bonds of association and adoption 
 Poe, Lanier, Randall, a combination almost unique in 
 the story of intellectual expansion in America. There 
 is no just or logical cause for distrust or despondency 
 in reference to the future. Pure types and lofty ideals 
 will not cease to reveal their power and to shine as 
 lights in the world, 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL LIST 
 
 OF 
 
 MARYLAND AUTHORS 
 
 Allen, Mrs. Brasseya Johnson, Pastorals, Ele 
 gies, Odes, Epistles and Other Poems, 1806. 
 
 Allen, Edward M., La Fayette s Second Expedi 
 tion to Virginia, 1781 ; "Maryland Historical Society/ 
 No. 32. 
 
 Allen, Paul, History of the American Revolution; 
 Baltimore, 1822. 
 
 Allison, Rev. Patrick, Rise and Progress, 17043. 
 
 Archer, George W., Dismemberment of Maryland 
 and The Boundry Question, 1889. 
 
 Armstrong, Paul, has won success as a play 
 wright by The Heir to the Hoorah; Salome Jane; 
 Blue Grass; Wireless. 
 
 Arthur, T. S., "The Baltimore Literary Mag 
 azine," 2 Vols., edited J. N. Mcjilton and T. S. 
 Arthur, 1838-1839. 
 
 Babcock, Rev. Maltbie D., D.D. (1858-1901), 
 born at Syracuse, N. Y., died at Naples, Italy. Was 
 
208 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 for several years pastor of Brown Memorial Presby 
 terian Church, Baltimore. Was a writer of graceful 
 and attractive poetry as well as prose. Was the au 
 thor of Hymns and Carols; Letters from Egypt and 
 the Holy Land; Thoughts for Everyday Living; The 
 Success of Defeat; Their Whys and Their Answers. 
 
 Ball, Wayland Dalyrymple, Evolution in Science 
 and Religion, with Other Addresses, 1893. 
 
 Banneker, Benjamin (1733-1804), assisted L En- 
 fant in laying out the City of Washington ; was versed 
 in mathematics and astronomy. Published Ephemeris 
 and Almanack. Was partly of African descent. 
 
 Barrett, Miss Florence Selby, a resident of 
 Baltimore, is a diligent contributor to periodicals pub 
 lished under the auspices of the Catholic Church. She 
 has also ventured into the field of poetry and her lines 
 entitled My Need display a spirit of fervent piety as 
 well as more than ordinary skill and facility in the 
 use of verse. 
 
 Barry, Robert, Poems on Several Occasions, Balti 
 more, 1807. 
 
 Bartlett, David L., Letters from Europe, 1886. 
 
 Baxley, H. Willis, M.D., published, 1865, What 
 1 Saw on the West Coast of North and South America 
 and the Hawaiian Islands, an entertaining and in 
 structive account of a region then imperfectly known. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 209 
 
 Baxley, Claude, Comrades, a novel, 
 
 Bear, John W., Life and Travels of John W. Bear, 
 Blacksmith, 1800. 
 
 Bennett, Miss Sarah E., an active contributor to 
 such journals and periodicals as "The Churchman" 
 and the "Century," has essayed verse as well as 
 prose and by the range and variety of her production 
 has shown herself a capable and progressive literary 
 worker. Her articles appear under two names, S. 
 Edgar Benet and S. E. Bennet. 
 
 Binion, Samuel Augustus, Egyptologist, pub 
 lished Phyllanthography, A Method of Leaf and 
 Flower Writing and A Basket of Choice Roses. 
 
 Boulden, James E. P., M.D. (born 1823 died 
 1880), published in 1875, The Presbyterians in Balti 
 more, Their Historic Graveyards, a work rich in in 
 terest to the student of local history. He was also 
 the author of An American Among Orientals. 
 
 Birckhead, Lennox, A Voice from the South, 
 Discussing among Other Subjects, Slavery and Its 
 Remedy, 1861. 
 
 Boyle, Esmeralda, Sketches of Distinguished 
 Marylanders, 1861. 
 
 Brackenridge, Henry M., Voyage to South Amer 
 ica, 1817-18; In the Frigate Congress. 
 
210 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 Brent, John Carroll, Biographical Sketch of the 
 Most Reverend John Carroll, First Archbishop of 
 Baltimore, with Select Portions of Plis Works, 1843. 
 
 Brewer, J. M., Prison Life, by J. M. Brewer, Late 
 Reading Clerk of the Maryland Senate, 1 860-61, and 
 still later of ports Lafayette and Warren, 1862. 
 
 Brooks, Nathan C. (born 1808 died 1898), pub 
 lished The Amethyst, an Annual of Literature, 1831 ; 
 History of the Mexican War. 
 
 Brown, Sebastian, John Smith, 1893. 
 
 Brown, J. J., Life of Dr. James McHenry, 1877. 
 
 Browning, Meshack, wrote Forty-four Years of 
 the Life of a Hunter, 1859, Being Reminiscences of 
 M.B., a Maryland Hunter, Roughly Written Down by 
 Himself: Revised and Illustrated by E. Stabler. 
 Browning was a modern Nimrod and his work is rich 
 in strange scenes and thrilling incidents. Had he 
 been endowed with the gift of style his book would 
 have attained the dignity of a classic in its peculiar 
 sphere. 
 
 Bump, Charles Weathers (born 1872 died 1908) 
 a Baltimorean, was a journalist and writer of his 
 tory, especially that of Maryland. He amassed a col 
 lection of rare and valuable material illustrating the 
 history of his native State. Mr. Bump was the 
 
AUTHORS OB MARYLAND 211 
 
 author of Churches and Religious Institutions of 
 Maryland; DOTJWI the Susquehanna; Columbus; His 
 Baltimore Madonna; The Mermaid of David Lake; 
 London Plays of 1901. 
 
 Burnap, George, Origin and Causes of Democracy 
 in America, 1853. 
 
 Calvert, George Henry (born 1803 died 1883), 
 Joan of Arc, A Narrative Poem; The Maid of Or 
 leans, an Historical Tragedy; Life, Death and Other 
 Poems; A Nation s Birth and Other Poems, 18761. 
 
 Carey, George L., Some Thoughts Concerning Do 
 mestic Slavery, in a Letter to Esq., of Balti 
 more, 1838. 
 
 Carey, John L., Slavery in Maryland Briefly Con 
 sidered, 1845. 
 
 Chancellor, Dr. Charles W., The Climate of the 
 Eastern Shore of Maryland, Considered with Refer 
 ence to its Influence in Pulmonary Consumption and 
 Other Diseases, 1889. 
 
 Chase, Eliza, Extracts in Prose and Verse, 2 Vols., 
 1808, by a Lady of Maryland. 
 
 Colton, George, A Maryland Editor Abroad, 
 What He Saw and What He Thought of It, 1881, 
 
212 AUTHORS OE MARYLAND 
 
 Cook, Ebenezer, The Sot-Weed Factor, or a Voy 
 age to Maryland; A Satyr, in Which is Described the 
 Laws, Governments and Constitutions of the Country, 
 and also the Buildings, Feasts, Frolics, Entertainments 
 and Drunken Humors of the Inhabitants of That Part 
 of the Country in Burlesque Verse, 1708; reprinted, 
 1865. 
 
 Donaldson, Frank, A Narragansett Idyl, "A Trifle 
 Light as Air," 1880. 
 
 Dorsey, Mrs. Anna H., Hours of Love and Mem 
 ory, 1849. 
 
 Douglass, Frederick (born 1817 died 1895), My 
 Bondage and My Freedom,, with an Introduction by 
 Dr. James Smith McCune, 1853. 
 
 Easter, Mrs. Marguerite E., a native of Virginia 
 (born 1839 died 1894) passed her active life in Balti 
 more. She possessed unusual literary facility, pro 
 ducing a varied range of both poems and stories. 
 Among these a volume, entitled Clytie and Other 
 Poems, 1891, dedicated to Dr. William Hand Browne, 
 is worthy of especial recognition. 
 
 Emory, Fisher (born 1853 died 1909), a native 
 of Maryland, is the author of a novel entitled A Mary 
 land Manor, a review of which in the literary columns 
 of the "Baltimore Sun" elicited a vigorous reply in the 
 same paper from Mr. Emory. 
 
AUTHORS OU MARYLAND 213 
 
 Evans, Henry Ridgeley (born 1861), a Baltimor- 
 ean, abandoned the study of the law for the pursuit of 
 journalism. He is an assiduous student of folklore, 
 psychic phenomena and the history of Masonry and 
 has produced The House of the Sphinx; Magic and Its 
 Professors; The Napoleon Myth; The Old and New 
 Magic; The Spirit World Unmasked. He has con 
 tributed liberally to periodical literature and compiled 
 the genealogical record of the Ridgeley family. 
 
 Farrar, Herbert, has written The Moon Hunters; 
 The Girl in the Mantilla; The Matron and the Maid. 
 
 Farquhar, William Henry, Annals of Sandy 
 Spring, or Twenty Years History of a Rural Com 
 munity in Maryland, 1884. 
 
 Fulton, Charles C., Europe Viewed Through 
 American Spectacles; Letters to the Baltimore Amer 
 ican, 1874. 
 
 Gambrill, John Montgomery, of Baltimore, has 
 devoted himself to the special study of the history of 
 Maryland. He has published Leading Events of 
 Maryland History, a work displaying faithful and 
 laborious research and has also edited "Select Tales 
 and Poems of Edgar A. Poe." Mr. Grambrill is by 
 profession a teacher, being associated with the Poly 
 technic Institute of Baltimore. 
 
 Goldsborough, William W., a Marylander, is the 
 author of Maryland Line in the Confederate Stated 
 
214 AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 
 
 Army, 1869; second edition, 1900; a work of value and 
 interest to the student of the history of the War be 
 tween the States. 
 
 Gray, Amy, The Lily of the Valley, or Margie and 
 I and Other Poems, 1868. 
 
 Griffith, Thomas W., Annals of Baltimore, 1824; 
 Sketches of the Early History of Maryland, 1821. 
 
 Guttmacher, Rev. Adolph, Ph.D., A History of 
 the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation 1850-1905, 1905. 
 
 Hammond, Miss M. J., of Baltimore, has been 
 a varied contributor in poetry to leading periodicals 
 such as "St. Nicholas." Some of her verse, espe 
 cially such as deals with humorous topics, has unusual 
 merit and appeals to the youthful intelligence with 
 especial force. 
 
 Hammond, William A. (born 1828 died 1900), 
 Sal, a novel, 1884. 
 
 Harrison, Rev. Hall (born 1837 died 1900), a 
 native Marylander, made several contributions of value 
 to local history and biography. He was the author of 
 a Memoir of Hugh Davy Evans, the eminent jurist 
 and publicist; Life of Right Reverend John Bishop 
 Kerfoot; Life of William Pinkney, Fifth Bishop of 
 Maryland. 
 
AUTHORS OF MARYLAND 215 
 
 Harrison, Samuel Alexander, Wenlock Christian 
 and the Early Friends in Talbot County, Maryland, 
 1874. 
 
 Hewitt, John H., Shadows on the Wall, or Glimp 
 ses of the Past. 
 
 Higgins, Edward (born 1841), a native of Mary 
 land, is the author of Addresses Delivered at the Cele 
 bration of the Battle of North Point by the Associ 
 ation of Defenders of Baltimore; Compilation of 
 Maryland Laws of Interest to Women; The National 
 Anthem The Star Spangled Banner and Patriotic 
 Lines; Maryland for Prohibition; Maryland Laws 
 Regulating Intoxicating Liquors. 
 
 Hopkins, H. H., M.D. Popular Superstitions of 
 Maryland by a Country Doctor. 
 
 Hughes, Thomas, of the bar of Baltimore, pub 
 lished Ethics of the Practice of Law (1909), a work 
 of especial value, rich in suggestion and instruction 
 to the legal profession and to the student of jurispru 
 dence. 
 
 Hull, William Isaac, a Baltimorean and profes 
 sor in Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania, has written 
 A History of Higher Education in Pennsylvania and 
 Maryland; Independence and the Confederation. 
 
 Hungerford, James, The Old Plantation and What 
 I Gathered There in a Month, 1859. 
 
216 AUTHORS OS MARYLAND 
 
 Hopkins, Luther W., a native of Virginia, has 
 written From Bull Run to Appomatox, A Boy s View, 
 1909, a pleasing, animated, impartial narrative of 
 strange scenes and thrilling incidents in the Con 
 federate service. This book has been cordially ap 
 proved by Union veterans, and recommended for use 
 in Northern and Western schools. 
 
 Howard, Frank Key, of Baltimore, gave another 
 side of the dramatic era of 1861-65 in his book, Four 
 teen Months in American Bastiles. 
 
 Hurst, Right Rev. John Fletcher (born 1834 
 died 1902), a native of Maryland and a distinguished 
 Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was a 
 literary worker in a diversity of fields. Among his 
 varied contributions are Bibliotheca Theologica; 
 Church Union Movements; Hannah; Religious De 
 velopment; Our Theological Century; Theological 
 Encyclopedia; Life and Literature in the Fatherland; 
 John Wesley, the Methodist; Martyrs to the Tract 
 Cause; India; The Country and People of India and 
 Ceylon; History of Rationalism; History of the Chris 
 tian Church; also translations from the German. 
 
 Hutton, Rev. O., D.D., William Pinkney, D.D., 
 LL.D., Fifth Bishop of Maryland, 1890. 
 
 Johnson, Rev. Benjamin, The Angel of Light; Art 
 Poems; Easter Morning. 
 
 Kennedy, Thomas, Poems, 1816. 
 
AUTHORS OS MARYLAND 217 
 
 Kenly, John, Memoirs of a Maryland Volunteer in 
 the War with Mexico in the Years 1846-47-48, 1873. 
 
 Keener, Right Rev. John Christian (born 1819), 
 an eminent Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 is a native Marylander. He has been an assiduous 
 student of natural history and geology, especially in 
 their relation to the interpretation of the Book of 
 Genesis. He is the author of Studies of Bible Truths; 
 The Garden of Eden and The Flovd; The Post Oak 
 Circuit. 
 
 Latrobe, Benjamin Henry, The Journal of Benja 
 min Henry Latrobe, being the Notes and Sketches of 
 an Architect, Naturalist and Traveler in the United 
 States, from 17 96 to 1820, by B. H. Latrobe, Archi 
 tect of the Capitol at Washington, with an Introduc 
 tion by John H. B. Latrobe, 1905. 
 
 Mason, John Thomson, Life of John Van Lear 
 McMahon, Completed, Revised and Edited by His Son, 
 John Thomson Mason, 1880. 
 
 Mackenzie, George Norbury (born 1851), of Bal 
 timore, a lawyer by profession, is the author of 
 Colonial Families of the United States of America^ 
 and is editor and compiler of The Yearbook of the 
 Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revo 
 lution. The interest and value of these works appeal 
 to every student of history in its broadest as well as 
 its local significance. 
 
218 AUTHORS OE MARYLAND 
 
 McLeod, Mrs. Georgianna A. Hulse, of Baltimore, 
 teacher and author, has written Sun Beams and 
 Shadows; Ivy Leaves from the Old Homestead; 
 Bright Memories; Hoiv Jessie Came Out of the 
 Shadow; Theirs and Mine; Sea Drifts. 
 
 Middleton, Mrs. Cornelia Scribner, of Baltimore, 
 issued in January, 1910, four volumes of stories for 
 children: Happy Child Town; Polly for Short; The 
 One Little Girl; The Flower Family. Each of them 
 is commended in strong terms by capable and discrimi 
 nating reviewers. 
 
 McConkey, Rebecca, The Hero of Cowpens, Daniel 
 Morgan, a Centennial Sketch, 1881. 
 
 McMaster, John Stevenson, a native of Maryland 
 and a resident of New York, has contributed to the 
 "Side Lights of Maryland History" the following 
 special studies of historic and practical value : Make- 
 mieland, a Eulogy of the Eastern Shore; The Land 
 of the Evergreens, a Suggestion for Arbor Day and 
 an Appeal to the Citizens of the Maryland, Delaware 
 and Virginia Peninsula; Purpose of "Old Home 
 Prize! 
 
 Mudd, Miss Nettie, a Marylander, has written 
 The Life of Dr. Samuel A. Mudd, Containing His 
 Letters from Fort Jefferson where he ivas Imprisoned 
 l Four Years for Alleged Complicity in the Assassina- 
 
AUTHORS O/ 7 MARYLAND 219 
 
 tion of Abraham Lincoln, with Statements of Mrs. 
 Samuel A. Mudd, Dr. Samuel A. Mudd and Edward 
 Spangler, regarding the Assassination and the Argu 
 ment of General Ewing on the Law and Facts of the 
 Case, also the Diary of John Wilkes Booth; edited by 
 his daughter, Nettie Mudd; with preface by D. El- 
 dridge Monroe, of the Baltimore Bar, 1907. A strik 
 ing and vigorous narrative relating to one of the most 
 dramatic incidents in American History. 
 
 Murray, Elizabeth Hesselius, One Hundred Years 
 Ago, of the Life and Times of the Rev. Walter Dulany 
 Addison, 1739-1848. 
 
 Nixdorff, Henry Morris, Life of Whittier s Hero 
 ine, Barbara Fritchie, Including a Brief but Compre 
 hensive Sketch of Old Frederick, 1902. 
 
 Norris, John S., The Early Friends or Quakers in 
 Maryland, 1862. 
 
 Palmer, Mrs. Henrietta Lee, wife of Dr. John W. 
 Palmer, was also gifted with the accomplishment of 
 verse and in addition was an active contributor to 
 periodical literature. The Stratford Gallery; Home 
 Life in the Bible; The Shakespearean Sisterhood; 
 Four Years in the Old World; are worthy of especial 
 recognition as illustrations of her work in this field. 
 
 Palmer, John Croxall, brother of Dr. John W. 
 Palmer, also ventured into the walks of the Muses. 
 
220 AUTHORS O E MARYLAND 
 
 He was the author of Thulia, a Tale of the Antarctic; 
 Antarctic Mariners Song. 
 
 Passano, Leonard Magruder, a native of Mary 
 land, is a special student of State history. He has 
 written A History of Maryland; Maryland: Stories 
 of Her People and of Her History; works excellent in 
 design as well as attractivve and instructive in charac 
 ter. 
 
 Ferine, George C., a Marylander, is the author of 
 Poets and Verse Writers of Maryland, a book con 
 taining a variety of useful information in regard to its 
 subj ect. 
 
 Purviance, Robert, Narrative of Events which Oc 
 curred in Baltimore During the Revolutionary War f 
 1849. 
 
 Quinan, John R., M.D., Medical Annals of Balti 
 more from 1608 to 1880, Including Events, Men and 
 Literature, to wJnch is added an Index and Record of 
 Public Services, 1884. 
 
 Rede, Rev. Wyllys, D.D., a clergyman of the 
 Protestant Episcopal Church, has published two works, 
 Striving for the Mastery and The Communion of the 
 Saints, with a Preface by Lord Halifax, 1909. Each 
 of these books has received cordial commendation 
 from leading representative journals of the Anglican 
 communion as well as from the foremost organs of 
 the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. 
 
AUTHORS OF[ MARYLAND 221 
 
 Riley, Elihu S. (born in Annapolis, 1845), * s a 
 lawyer, journalist and historian. He has produced, in 
 conjunction with the late Judge Sams, a History of the 
 Bench and Bar of Maryland. He has also published 
 a History of the Maryland Assembly; Annapolis, Ye 
 Ancient Capital of Maryland, and edited the "Me 
 morial Volume of the Celebration of the Two Hun 
 dredth Anniversary of the Removal of the Capital of 
 Maryland from St. Mary s to Annapolis." Mr. Riley 
 is an acknowledged authority upon the history of 
 Annapolis, a laborious researcher and devoted student. 
 
 Russell, Charles Well, Roebuck, A Novel, 1868. 
 
 Ryan, Rev. John S., S.J., associated with St. 
 Ignatius Church, Baltimore, is an active contributor 
 to Catholic reviews and a man of rare acquirements, 
 especially in American history. He is the author of 
 Chronicle and Sketch of St. Ignatius of Loyola, Balti 
 more, 1856-1896, with an Account of the Celebration 
 of the Jubilee, April, /po/. 
 
 Saffell, William Thomas (born 1820 died 1891). 
 a native of Maryland, was a special student of the his 
 tory of the State. He was the author of Records of 
 the Revolutionary War; Hail Columbia; The Flag 
 and Yankee Doodle Dandy; Dulany s History of 
 Maryland. He also edited "The Bonaparte-Patterson 
 Marriage." 
 
222 AUTHORS OF. MARYLAND 
 
 Schultz, Edward T., 32, is the author of Free 
 Masonry in Maryland, From the Earliest Time to the 
 Present, 1884. It is a work of historical value and in 
 terest, a recognized authority upon the important sub 
 ject to which it is devoted. 
 
 Speer, Mrs. J. L. Dawson, a native of Maryland, 
 and at one time a resident of Pittsburg, Pa., is the 
 author of a volume, entitled A Consecutive Story of 
 the Life of Christ, Compiled from* the Four Gospels, 
 by Margaret Taylor Speer. The work is the outcome 
 of continuous and critical study on the part of the 
 writer. 
 
 Steiner, Dr. Lewis Henry (born 1827 died 1892), 
 was a native of Frederick County, Md., by profession 
 a physician and librarian. He was a contributor to 
 literature in more than one field. Among his works 
 may be named: Synopsis of Genera; The Human 
 Body and Disease Considered from the Christian. 
 Standpoint; Physical Science, Its Present, Past and 
 Future; Hymns for the Reformed Church in the 
 United States; Diary Kept During the Rebel Occupa 
 tion of Frederick; An Account of South Carolina- 
 During the Campaign in Maryland. He was the first 
 librarian of the Pratt Library from 1884 to 1892. 
 
 Stockbridge, Henry, The Archives of Maryland, 
 as Illustrating the Spirit of the Early Colonists, 1886. 
 
AUTHORS OR MARYLAND 223 
 
 Thomas, James Walter, a member of the bar of 
 Cumberland, has written Chronicles of Colonial Mary 
 land, a work held in high regard by those who are 
 most capable of estimating its merits. 
 
 Thomson, Mrs. L. Norton, a Baltimorean, is the 
 author of Looking Through the Mists and Not To- 
 Have and To Hold, the title to the latter work being 
 apparently suggested by Miss Mary Johnston s well- 
 known novel of Virginia colonial life. 
 
 Tiffany, Osmond, A Sketch of the Life and Serv 
 ices of the late General Otho Holland Williams, 1851. 
 
 Tyson, John E., Life of Elisha Tyson, the Phil 
 anthropist, by a Citizen of Baltimore, 1825. 
 
 Turner, Dr. John. The fascination of the colo 
 nial era asserts its power in Dr. Turner s A Lover s 
 Confession, the inspiration of the story being derived 
 from that rich and stimulating period of American 
 history. 
 
 Wetmore, Mrs. Amy Darcy, is a frequent contrib 
 utor to leading journals such* as the "Baltimore Sun." 
 Her touch is light and graceful and she is especially 
 happy in her portrayals of the past which she invests 
 with the form and pressure of the living present. 
 Mrs. Wetmore is rich in reminiscences of the social 
 life of the vanished days. To the future historian of 
 Baltimore her portrayals of their inner phases will 
 prove not only attractive but in an eminent degree 
 suggestive and inspiring. 
 
224 AUTHORS Oft MARYLAND 
 
 Whitelocke, Mrs. Louise Clarkson, of Baltimore, 
 has written The Shadow of John Wallace; A Mad 
 Madonna; Short Stories of Art Life; Heartease; Fly 
 Away Fames and Baby Blossoms; How Hinnsight 
 Met Provincialitis. 
 
 Williams, Thomas Chew, of the editorial staff of 
 the "Baltimore Sun," has written a History of Wash 
 ington County from the Earliest Settlements to the 
 Present Time, Including a History of Hagerstown; 
 The State of Maryland, a Description of its Lands, 
 Products and Industries. 
 
 Winans, Ross, of Baltimore, has published One 
 Religion, Many Creeds, 1870; Ventilation of Dwell 
 ings, 1871. 
 
 Winans, Walter, of the Winans family of Balti 
 more, has written The Sporting Rifle; Practical Rifle 
 Shooting; Hints on Revolver Shooting. 
 
 Wright, Capt. Charles W., a native of Mar3 land, 
 has published The Wright Ancestry of Caroline, Dor 
 chester, Somerset and Wicomico Counties, Maryland. 
 The thoroughness, accuracy and intelligent classifi 
 cation of the work are emphatically commended by 
 capable critics in the field of Maryland genealogy 
 and it is regarded as one of the most valuable con 
 tributions made within recent years to a knowledge of 
 local history. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER 141 
 
 ALLAN, WILLIAM 91 
 
 ALLEN, BRASSEYA JOHNSON 207 
 
 ALLEN, EDWARD M 207 
 
 ALLEN, ETHAN 57 
 
 ALLEN, PAUL 207 
 
 ALLISON, PATRICK 207 
 
 ALSOP, GEORGE 23 
 
 AMMEN, S. Z 171 
 
 ANDREWS, MATTHEW PAGE 190 
 
 ARCHER, GEORGE W 207 
 
 ARMSTRONG, PAUL 207 
 
 ARTHUR, T. S 207 
 
 ATWATER, EMILY PARET 136 
 
 AZARIAS, BROTHER 93 
 
 BABCOCK, MALTBIE D 207 
 
 BALL, WAYLAND DALYRYMPLE 208 
 
 BALLAGH, JAMES CURTIS 182 
 
 BANNEKER, BENJAMIN 208 
 
 BARCLAY, McKEE 195 
 
 BARRETT, FLORENCE SELEY 208 
 
 BARRETT, WILLIAM L. K 180 
 
 BARRY, ROBERT 208 
 
 BARTLETT, DAVID L 208 
 
 BAXLEY, CLAUDE 209 
 
 BAXLEY, H. WILLIS 208 
 
 BEAM, ELLA 120 
 
 BEAR, JOHN W 209 
 
 BENNETT, SARAH EDGAR 209 
 
 BINION, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS 209 
 
 BIRCKHEAD, LENNOX 209 
 
 BLAXCHARD, AMY ELLA 131 
 
228 INDEX Continued 
 
 PAGE 
 
 BLOOMFIELD, MAURICE 180 
 
 BOND, ALLEN KERR 171 
 
 BOND, THOMAS EMERSON, SR 51 
 
 BOND, THOMAS EMERSON, JR 52 
 
 BOULDEN, JAMES E. P 209 
 
 BOYD, LAWRENCE McK 151 
 
 BOYLE, ESMERALDA 209 
 
 BOZMAN, JOHN LEEDS 29 
 
 BRACKENRIDGE, HENRY M 209 
 
 BRADY, F. X 184 
 
 BRANTLY, WILLIAM THEOPHILUS 171 
 
 BRAY, THOMAS 23 
 
 BRENT, JOHN CARROLL 210 
 
 BREWER, J. M 210 
 
 BRIGHT, JAMES W 153 
 
 BROOKS, NATHAN C 210 
 
 BROWN, GEORGE WILLIAM 92 
 
 BROWN, J. J 210 
 
 BROWN, SEBASTIAN 210 
 
 BROWNE, WILLIAM HAND 153 
 
 BROWNING, MESHACK 210 
 
 BUCHHOLZJ HEINRICH EWALD 183 
 
 BUMP, CHARLES WEATHERS 210 
 
 BURNAP, GEORGE 211 
 
 BURROUGHS, W. DWIGHT 191 
 
 CALVERT, GEORGE HENRY 211 
 
 CAREY, GEORGE L 211 
 
 CAREY, JOHN L 211 
 
 CARROLL, ANNA ELLA 115 
 
 CARROLL, JOHN 50 
 
 CHANCELLOR, CHARLES W 211 
 
 CHANDLER, SOPHIA 120 
 
 CHASE, ELIZA 211 
 
 CHEW, SAMUEL C 166 
 
 CLARK, THOMAS O 181 
 
 CLOUD, VIRGINIA WOODWARD 125 
 
INDEX Continued 229 
 
 PAGE 
 
 COLTON, GEORGE 211 
 
 COOK, EBENEZER 212 
 
 COPPINGER, MAY IRENE 136 
 
 CORDELL, EUGENE FAUNTLEROY 161 
 
 CRANE, J. LEO 170 
 
 CRANE-SEEMULLER, ANNE MONCURE 72-74 
 
 CULBRETH, DAVID MARVEL 177 
 
 DAVIS, GEORGE LACKLAND 51 
 
 DAVIS, HENRY WINTER 51 
 
 DEVECMON, W. C 157 
 
 DIDIER, CHARLES PEALE 140 
 
 DIDIER, EUGENE LEMOINE 159 
 
 DIDIER, FRANKLIN 51 
 
 DONALDSON, FRANK 212 
 
 DONALDSON, SAMUEL J 59 
 
 DORSEY, ANNA H 212 
 
 DORSEY, MARIAN V 124 
 
 DOUGLASS, FREDERICK 212 
 
 DUVALL, ELLA 126 
 
 EASTER, ARTHUR MILLER 199 
 
 EASTER, MARGUERITE E 212 
 
 EMORY, FISHER 212 
 
 EVANS, HENRY RIDGELEY 213 
 
 EVANS, HUGH DAVY 53 
 
 FARQUHAR, WILLIAM HENRY 213 
 
 FARRAR, HERBERT 213 
 
 FISHER, CHARLES A 189 
 
 FLUEGEL, MAURICE 168 
 
 FORBES, GEORGE 191 
 
 FRANKLIN, FABIAN 176 
 
 FRIESE, PHILIP C 98 
 
 FULLER, RICHARD 55 
 
 FULTON, CHARLES C 213 
 
 GAMBRALL, THEODORE CHARLES 140 
 
 GAMBRILL, JOHN MONTGOMERY 213 
 
 GARNETT, JAMES MERCER 165 
 
230 INDEX Continued 
 
 PAGE 
 
 GIBBONS, JAMES, CARDINAL 156 
 
 GlLDERSLEEVE J BASIL LANNEAU 154 
 
 OILMAN, DANIEL COIT 148 
 
 GOLDSBOROUGH, WlLLIAM W 213 
 
 GOLDSMITH, H. C 123 
 
 GONTRUM, JOHN F 147 
 
 GRAY, AMY 214 
 
 GRIFFITH, THOMAS W 214 
 
 GUTTMACHER, ADOLPH 214 
 
 HALL, CLAYTON COLMAN 185 
 
 HAMILTON, ALEXANDER 23 
 
 HAMMOND, JOHN 22 
 
 HAMMOND (Miss), M. J 214 
 
 HAMMOND, WILLIAM A 214 
 
 HANSON, GEORGE A 59 
 
 HARRISON, HALL 214 
 
 HARRISON, SAMUEL ALEXANDER 215 
 
 HAUGHTON, LOUISE OSBORNE 136 
 
 HAUPT, PAUL 168 
 
 HENDERSON, DANIEL M 144 
 
 HEWITT, JOHN H 215 
 
 HIGGINS, EDWARD 215 
 
 HOFFMAN, DAVID 50 
 
 HOLLANDER, JACOB HARRY 164 
 
 HOPKINS, H. H 215 
 
 HOPKINS, LUTHER W 216 
 
 HOWARD, FRANK KEY 216 
 
 HUCKLE, OLIVER 178 
 
 HUGHES, THOMAS 215 
 
 HUGHES, THOMAS 182 
 
 HULL, SUSAN REBECCA THOMPSON 126 
 
 HULL, WILLIAM ISAAC 215 
 
 HUTTON, O 216 
 
 HUNGERFORD, JAMES 215 
 
 HURST, JOHN FLETCHER 216 
 
 INGLE, EDWARD H 169 
 
INDEX Continued 231 
 
 PAGE 
 
 JAMES, BARTLETT BURLEIGH 172 
 
 JENKINS, JOHN WILBER 182 
 
 JOHNSON, BENJAMIN 216 
 
 JOHNSON, BRADLEY TYLER 99 
 
 JOHNSTON, CHRISTOPHER 174 
 
 JOHNSTON, GEORGE 59 
 
 JOHNSTON, RICHARD MALCOM 98 
 
 JONES, WILLIAM J 59 
 
 JOURS, EMILY 117 
 
 KEENER, JOHN CHRISTIAN 217 
 
 KENLY, JOHN 217 
 
 KENNEDY, JOHN PENDLETON 65-68 
 
 KENNEDY, THOMAS 216 
 
 KENRICK, FRANCIS PATRICK 52 
 
 KEY, FRANCIS SCOTT 31 
 
 KILGOUR, JOHN MORTIMER 191 
 
 KIEFFER, J. SPANGLER 190 
 
 KNOTT, A. LEO 172 
 
 LAGARDE, ERNEST 198 
 
 LANIER, SIDNEY 75-87 
 
 LANTZ, EMILY EMERSON 126 
 
 LATIMER, HENRY RANDOLPH 186 
 
 LATIMER, MARY ELIZABETH WORMLEY 116 
 
 LATROBE, BENJAMIN HENRY . . . . 217 
 
 LATROBE, JOHN H. B 92 
 
 LEWIS, ESTELLE ANNA BLANCHE 114 
 
 LONG, CHARLES CHAILLE 193 
 
 LORD, ALICE E 133 
 
 McCLUNG, LlTTELL l82 
 
 McCoNKEY, REBECCA ; 218 
 
 MCCREARY, GEORGE WASHINGTON 169 
 
 McKiM, RANDOLPH H 197 
 
 McKlNSEY, FOLGER 173 
 
 M^LEOD (MRS.), GEORGIANNA A. HULSE 218 
 
 MCMAHON, JOHN VAN LEAR 30 
 
 MCMASTER, JOHN STEVENSON 218 
 
232 INDEX Continued 
 
 PAGE 
 
 MCSHERRY, JAMES 30 
 
 MACKENZIE, GEORGE NORBURY 217 
 
 MAHON, MILO 54 
 
 MALLOY, LOUISE 132 
 
 MARKLAND, WRENSHALL 136 
 
 MASON, EMILY 18 
 
 MASON, JOHN THOMSON 217 
 
 MAYER, BRANTZ 56 
 
 MEEKINS, LYNN R 170 
 
 MENCKEN, HENRY L 166 
 
 MlDDLETON (MRS.) CORNELIA SCRIBNER 2l8 
 
 MILES, GEORGE HENRY 68-72 
 
 MORRIS, JOHN GOTTLIEB 96 
 
 MUDD (Miss), NETTIE 218 
 
 MULLAN Y, PATRICK FRANCIS 93 
 
 MURRAY, ELIZABETH HESSELIUS 219 
 
 NIXDORFF, HENRY MORRIS 219 
 
 NORRIS, JOHN S 219 
 
 O DONOVAN, LOUIS 175 
 
 OSLER, WILLIAM 162 
 
 OTTO, EDWARD 187 
 
 PALMER (MRS.), HENRIETTA LEE 219 
 
 PALMER, JOHN CROXALL 219 
 
 PALMER, JOHN WILLIAMSON 100 
 
 PARET, ADELIA V 129 
 
 PASSANO, LEONARD MAGRUDER 220 
 
 PEGRAM, WILLIAM MEADE 187 
 
 FERINE, GEORGE C 220 
 
 PHELPS, ALMIRA HART 103 
 
 PHELPS, CHARLES EDWARD 145 
 
 PINKNEY, EDWARD COOTE 28 
 
 PINKNEY, WILLIAM 58 
 
 PISE, CHARLES CONSTANTINE 28 
 
 POE, EDGAR ALLAN 37-45 
 
 PURVIANCE, ROBERT 220 
 
 QUINAN, JOHN R 220 
 
 RANDALL, JAMES RYDER 101-109 
 
INDEX Continued 233 
 
 PAGE 
 
 REDE, WYLLYS 220 
 
 REESE, LIZZETTE WOODWORTH 1 18 
 
 REESE, PERCY M 136 
 
 REICHE, FANNIE K 136 
 
 RICE, SARAH SIGOURNEY 120 
 
 RICHARDSON, HESTER DORSEY 127 
 
 RIDGELEY, HELEN WEST 125 
 
 RILEY, ELIHU S 221 
 
 ROSENAU, WILLIAM 184 
 
 RUSSELL, CHARLES WELL 221 
 
 RUSSELL, W. T 164 
 
 RYAN, JOHN S 221 
 
 SAFFELL, WILLIAM THOMAS 221 
 
 SCHARF, JOHN THOMAS 97 
 
 SCHLEY, WlNFIELD SCOTT 185 
 
 SCHNAUFFER, LlLLIE IQ^ 
 
 SCHULTZ, EDWARD T 222 
 
 SEEMULLER, ANNE MONCURE CRANE 72-74 
 
 SELENE 128 
 
 SEMMES, RAPHAEL 57 
 
 SHAFER, CARLTON H 132 
 
 SHEPHERD, HENRY ELLIOTT 201 
 
 SIOUSSAT, ANNIE MIDDLETON LEAKIN 129 
 
 SIOUSSAT, GEORGE LEAKIN 185 
 
 SMITH, FRANCIS HOPKINSON 192 
 
 SMITH, JOSEPH T 144 
 
 SMITH, TUNSTALL 195 
 
 SFAULDING, MARTIN JOHN 55 
 
 SPEER (MRS.), J. L. DOWSON 222 
 
 SPENCER, EDWARD 60 
 
 STABLER, HARRY SNOWDEN 167 
 
 STEARNS, EDWARD J 54 
 
 STEINER, BERNARD C 222 
 
 STEINER, LEWIS HENRY 222 
 
 STOCKBRIDGE, HENRY 222 
 
 STREETER, SEBASTIAN F 57 
 
 SZOLD, BENJAMIN 143 
 
 t 
 
234 INDEX Continued 
 
 PAGE 
 
 TABS, JOHN BANNISTER 149 
 
 TACK, GEORGE E 189 
 
 THOMAS, JAMES WALTER 223 
 
 THOMSON (MRS.), L. NORTON 223 
 
 THRUSTON, LUCY MEACHAM 122 
 
 TIERMAN, CHARLES B 152 
 
 TIERMAN, MARY SPEAR NICOLAS 117 
 
 TIFFANY, OSMOND 223 
 
 TRAIL, FLORENCE 134 
 
 TURNBULL, FRANCES HUBBARD LITCKFIELD 133 
 
 TURNER, JOHN 223 
 
 TYLER, SAMUEL 74 
 
 TYSON, JOHN E 223 
 
 VINCENT, MARTIN JOHN 175 
 
 WALL, MARY VIRGINIA 133 
 
 WALLIS, SEVERN TEACKLE 94 
 
 WARFIELD, JOSHUA D 179 
 
 WELBY, AMELIA B. COPPUCK 32 
 
 WETMORE (MRS.), AMY DARCY 223 
 
 WHITE, ANDREW 20-22 
 
 WHITE, EDWARD LUCAS 200 
 
 WHITELOCKE (MRS.), LOUISE CLARKSON 224 
 
 WILHELM, LEWIS WEBB 174 
 
 WILL, ALLEN SINCLAIR 186 
 
 WILLIAMS, THOMAS CHEW 224 
 
 WlLLOUGHBY, WESTAL W 174 
 
 WILSON, J. McC 118 
 
 WILSON, JAMES T 174 
 
 WINANS, Ross, OF BALTIMORE 224 
 
 WINANS, WALTER 224 
 
 WINCHESTER, MARSHALL 134 
 
 WOODS, KATHERINE PEARSON 121 
 
 WOODS, WILLIAM HENRY 184 
 
 WRENSHALL (MRS.), JOHN C 135 
 
 WRIGHT, CHARLES W 224 
 
 WRIGHT, D. GIRAUD 130 
 
 ZIMMERMAN, LEANDER M 176 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALI1 
 LIBRARY 
 
 Due two weeks after date. 
 
87 
 
 A 
 
 222668