i\T LOS ANGELES 
 JUN 9 m7 
 
 Report by Subcommittee 
 Appointed by Liaison Committee of California State 
 Board of Education on Emergency Needs of 
 California for Higher Education 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE 
 Aubrey A. Douglass, Chairman 
 Frank N. Freeman Frank B. Lindsay 
 
 EDwm A. Lee Wm. G. Paden 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 SENATE 
 OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 Goodwin J. Knight 
 President of the Senate 
 
 Harold J. Powers Joseph A. Beek 
 
 President pro Tempore Secretary 
 
 L-6351 
 
EMERGENCY NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 A Report by the Subcommittee Appointed by the Liaison Committee 
 
 Sacramento, California, May 7, 1947 
 
 The Liaison Committee of the 
 
 California State Board of Education, 
 and the Board of Regents of the 
 University of California 
 
 Gentlemen : Herewith is the report of the subcommittee appointed 
 to investigate the emergency needs of California for higher education, 
 including such as may exist in Los Angeles County and Sacramento 
 County. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 Frank N. Freeman 
 
 Edwin A. Lee 
 
 Frank B. Lindsay 
 
 William G. Paden 
 
 Aubrey A. Douglass, Chairman 
 
 Authorization of Investigation 
 
 In 1945-46, the California Legislature directed the State Board 
 of Education and Regents of the Universitj^ of California to investigate 
 the need of the City of Sacramento, and the immediate area, for a four- 
 year collegiate institution and report the results of the investigation 
 to the Legislature in January, 1947. The Board of Education and Regents 
 appointed a Liaison Committee, consisting of the Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction and members of the State Board of Education, and 
 the president of the university and members of the regents. The Liaison 
 Committee appointed a subcommittee of five members who investigated 
 conditions and reported to the Liaison Committee. A recommendation 
 was made to the Legislature that no additional four-year colleges be 
 established until a survey of the needs of the entire State could be 
 canvassed. Assembly Bill No. 2273 was introduced authorizing and 
 directing the State Department of Education of California and the 
 Regents of the University of California to make a joint survey of the 
 organization of publicly supported higher education in the State and 
 need for additional publicly supported higher education facilities in 
 the State." 
 
 The bill further provided that ''As a part of the survey the State 
 Department of Education and the Regents of the University of California 
 shall investigate the emergency needs of the State for higher education, 
 including such as may exist in Los Angeles County and in Sacramento 
 County, and report on such emergency needs, with recommendations, 
 to the"^ Legislature not later than May 15, 1947." The sum of $50,000 
 was appropriated to carry out the purposes of the act. Assembly Bill No. 
 2273 has become law. 
 
 (3) 
 
 978349 
 
4 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 The subcommittee of five, appointed by the Liaison Committee to 
 inA^estigate conditions in Sacramento, was directed to study the emergency 
 needs of the State. This report contains the findings of the investigation. 
 
 Ability of Junior Colleges and Colleges to Accommodate Freshmen 
 
 One of the first steps in the investigation of emergency conditions 
 was to determine whether or not students who desire to enter the first 
 year of college are being prevented, or will be prevented, from doing so 
 by crowded conditions in the junior colleges, state colleges, and other 
 four-year colleges and universities. Inquiries were, therefore, made of 
 the higher education institutions of the State, including the junior col- 
 leges, to ascertain if they will be able to admit all students who apply for 
 freshman standing for September, 1947. 
 
 No publicly supported junior college has made, or expects to make, 
 limitation on enrollment for the next school year. Moreover, several new 
 junior colleges will be opened next fall thus enlarging the possibilities of 
 freshman and sophomore enrollment. Most of the new junior colleges will 
 be located in the southern part of the State where there is a dense and 
 growing population. From the statements of administrative officers in 
 charge of California's junior colleges comes the statement that oppor- 
 tunities for freshman and sophomore college work will be plentiful. The 
 location of the junior colleges, especially when consideration is given to 
 schools that have recently been established or will begin operation in 
 September, will make junior college facilities more accessible than they 
 have been in former years. 
 
 The California Polytechnic College will not be able to admit all 
 students who wish to enter the freshman or the sophomore year because 
 of lack of classroom and laboratory facilities. The San Francisco State 
 College expects to impose limitations on enrollments because of lack of 
 space in the college plant. Other state colleges will make no limitations 
 on enrollments. Chico and Humboldt hope that their freshman classes 
 will be much larger in September, 1947, than they were in Septem- 
 ber, 1946. 
 
 The California Institute of Technology, Occidental, Pomona College, 
 and Santa Clara University have closed enrollments for the coming school 
 year. Other privately supported liberal arts colleges have not reached 
 their quotas although it is probable that some will have all of the appli- 
 cations they can take before the opening of the next school term. 
 
 The University of Southern California has places open in practically 
 all departments although the institution will not be able to increase its 
 enrollment beyond 13,500. It is expected that sufficient applications will 
 be received to guarantee this enrollment before the opening of the fall 
 term. 
 
 Stanford University still has places in practically all departments 
 although it is anticipated that enrollments will be closed by June 1st. 
 These conditions do not differ greatly from those which have prevailed in 
 the past. 
 
 The University of California will limit enrollments only in that area 
 of professional training in which facilities are insufficient. Limitation 
 will be placed on enrollment in engineering. Freshmen and sophomores 
 from outside the State will not be accepted. 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 5 
 
 Conditions revealed to the inquiry of the subcommittee are similar 
 to those reported by the Division of Readjustment Education of the State 
 Department for the first semester of the current school year. Educational 
 institutions were polled during last summer and fall to determine their 
 capacity to accommodate veterans. The schools were classified into various 
 categories, depending upon source of support, and types and length of 
 training. 
 
 As of December 31, 1946, the University of California had vacancies 
 and could have accommodated, on the Berkeley campus, students in all 
 departments except engineering, chemistry, and business administration. 
 In the state colleges, Fresno and San Jose reported no vacancies, while 
 the remaining colleges were able to take more students in practically all 
 departments. The total number of vacancies reported by the state colleges 
 totaled more than 1,500. In the university and in the state colleges, admis- 
 sion requirements must be met hj all students. This is not a limitation 
 based upon inabilitj^ to care for students, but an imposition of scholar- 
 ship standards, a practice that is everywhere com^m^on. It does not prevail 
 in California junior colleges, because the law requires that all high school 
 graduates be admitted to junior college. Junior college principals may 
 admit students who are not high school graduates provided they can, in 
 the judgment of the principal, profit from instruction in the junior 
 college. 
 
 Compton, Chaffey, Pasadena, Placer, Stockton, Sacramento, and 
 San Luis Obispo Junior Colleges closed enrollments on December 31, 1946. 
 On the other hand, other publicly supported junior colleges reported a 
 long list of vacancies in their courses. Some placed no limitation whatever 
 upon enrollments. 
 
 It is the consensus of opinion am.ong junior college administrators 
 that the number of students enrolling last September was smaller than 
 the number expected. The opportunities for employment and the call to 
 military service were apparently among the factors that dissuaded high 
 school graduates from continuing their education. Many veterans signifj^- 
 ing their intention to go to school either changed their minds, or they 
 applied for admission to several schools, thus making it appear that many 
 more would attend the junior colleges than actually was the case. 
 
 The question of housing the students was alwaj^s present. In the 
 summer of 1946, despite the efforts of the PHA, few housing units for 
 veterans had been completed. Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 
 were unable to announce the numbers of students that could live in fed- 
 eral housing units. Had a school been able to state that it had housing 
 facilities, there is little question that that school would have been filled 
 to capacity. This situation has been changed during the intervening 
 months. Housing projects have been completed and occupied. Schools 
 are able to speak, positively, about the number of available rooms and 
 apartments. The PWA is at present moving temporary classroom build- 
 ings to the campuses of the junior colleges and colleges, thus enlarging 
 the capacity of these institutions in classrooms and laboratories. Privately 
 supported collegiate institutions enrolling veterans have also been eligi- 
 ble to secure housing accommodations as well as buildings which provide 
 
6 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 classrooms and laboratories. While housing facilities remain an important 
 factor in enrollments, colleges can speak much more positively than for- 
 merly about the numbers of students that can be accommodated. 
 
 Publicly supported schools for adults, meaning evening high schools, 
 and junior colleges, had on December 31st, room to spare for enroUees. 
 No school had reached capacity. These schools offer a wide variety of 
 courses, which are usually patronized upon a part-time basis by persons 
 employed either full time or part time. Special day and evening classes 
 can be organized at any time, and during the war were operated upon a 
 24-hour basis. Since these schools frequently use the rooms and equipment 
 of the day schools, their classes usually meet in the late afternoon or 
 evening. Although they fulfill an important educational function, evening 
 schools can hardly be regarded as institutions to which veterans may go 
 to complete more than a short course of training. 
 
 Among the large private institutions, the University of Southern 
 California reported 400 vacancies in commerce, 500 in engineering, and 
 600 in letters and sciences. Stanford had vacancies in all divisions and 
 departments, although the number was not large. The University of San 
 Francisco had room for 525 in the arts, science, business administration 
 and law, and Loyola had 50 vacancies in engineering. California Poly- 
 technic School had a few vacancies. The California Institute of Tech- 
 nology, Pomona, Scripps, Occidental, Whittier, and Santa Clara had 
 no vacancies. 
 
 Among the private business schools many vacancies were found. 
 Similarly the private professional schools, including dramatics, law, 
 nursing, music and radio, could have accommodated more students. Pri- 
 vate trade schools also had many vacancies. 
 
 Important in the plan for training veterans is the apprentice pro- 
 gram. This consists of learning by working on the job with part-time 
 supplementary classes. 
 
 Exhibit A-I presents figures of enrollments for veterans for last 
 September and for last February. It will be observed that private trade 
 schools, correspondence schools and business schools, and on-the-job 
 training have accounted for more than half of all veteran enrollments. 
 
 Reported enrollments of veterans in junior colleges made by the 
 Division of Readjustment are not in accord with figures submitted by 
 the junior colleges. The disparity can be accounted for in part by the 
 fact that the Division of Readjustment reported only those veterans who 
 are securing benefits under Public Law 346, while the junior colleges 
 reported all veterans. Many veterans are postponing benefits so that they 
 may have them for later training. 
 
 Ability of Four- Year Colleges and Universities to Receive 
 Upper Division Students 
 
 It is evident from the foregoing section that junior colleges, state 
 colleges, and other four-year colleges and universities will be able to 
 accommodate all students who wish to enter upon the freshman year of 
 college in September, 1947. It is important to know what the capacity of 
 four-year institutions will be to admit upper division students, par- 
 ticularly those who will wish to transfer from the junior colleges. 
 
 Exhibit B-I shows the number and distribution of students attend- 
 ing publicly supported California junior colleges in March, 1947. With 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 7 
 
 all but one small institution reporting, the total number of day students 
 is 52,367, the majority of which are veterans. The important aspect of 
 enrollment is the large number found in the first year. In the past, enroll- 
 ment in the first year of junior college has been approximately twice that 
 contained in the second year. Due to abnormal conditions, the number 
 of first year students is much higher than one might expect. Only 5,704 
 of the total number enrolled will complete the course at the end of the 
 current school year. Of these, 3,166 expect to transfer to four-year 
 institutions. This number gives at least a reasonable estimate of the 
 accommodations that must be made by the four-year institutions to 
 receive additional upper division students. In Los Angeles City College 
 534 will seek to transfer, while in Sacramento the number is 350. 
 
 Of the number of students who seek to transfer, 1,396 are asking for 
 admission to colleges of liberal arts, 637 to schools of business administra- 
 tion, 625 to schools of engineering, and 205 to pre-legal courses. Pre- 
 medicine, chemistry, teaching, and agriculture, in order, show other 
 fields to which the most students desire to go. 
 
 A total of 17,991 students, a majority of whom are veterans, are 
 enrolled in the seven state colleges. Of these, nearly 9,000 are found in 
 the freshman year and only 1,804 in the senior year. In the state colleges, 
 as well as in the junior colleges, enrollment is concentrated in the first 
 year. Details of enrollment in the state colleges are shown in Exhibit B-II, 
 
 In the state colleges many upper division classes are small. This 
 means that these schools can, without increasing facilities, enroll more 
 upper division students. Many places are available in the liberal arts, 
 engineering subjects, and business. Exhibit B-III summarizes conditions 
 in the several state colleges. 
 
 At the University of Southern California no limit will be set for 
 native lower division students who wish to transfer to upper division 
 except in the Schools of Dentistry, Law, and Medicine. In these profes- 
 sional schools, native students must undergo the same screening process 
 as applicants from other institutions. The general policy will prevail of 
 giving preference to native students but, if there are vacancies, qualified 
 applicants will be accepted in the order in which their applications are 
 processed except in those divisions where special selection procedures 
 have been announced. No preference will be given veterans. As of April 
 2d, enrollment for September had not been closed. 
 
 At Stanford preference will be given native students in filling the 
 quota for the upper division. Applications for admission to the upper 
 division closed on May 1st. It was planned to fill available places by a 
 process of competitive selection. 
 
 At the University of California all qualified students completing the 
 lower division will be admitted to upper division with the exception of 
 engineering at Berkeley and Los Angeles, and optometrj^, pharmacy, 
 dentistry, medicine, and law at Berkeley. Limitation of enrollment in 
 business administration is anticipated at the Berkeley campus and pos- 
 sibly at the Los Angeles campus. No preference will be given to students 
 now enrolled in the lower division of the University of California. In 
 fields for which selection must be made on a competitive basis, preference 
 will be given to the best qualified. 
 
8 
 
 EEPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 In other fields, no quotas have been set up and registration is open for 
 September, 1947. It is expected that applications will not exceed capacity 
 except in the professional fields enumerated above, where admission will 
 be on a competitive basis. 
 
 Student Demand for Upper Division Work in Sacramento and Los Angeles 
 
 Students in Sacramento College and Los Angeles City College were 
 asked if they would continue their education through the upper division 
 ])rovided opportunity were afforded. In Sacramento College several hun- 
 dred students stated they would do so. Administrative officers estimate 
 that 350 of the present number of students would continue in third year 
 work next September and that 150 from outside the district will enter. 
 Figures were also presented to show that the Sacramento College now 
 attracts students from a wide area and the inference was drawn that 
 many students from some of the more distant areas will attend a four- 
 year course. 
 
 In Los Angeles City College, a poll of the students indicated that of 
 the 9,247 who answered queries, 5,492 desire four years of training and 
 3,755, two years. Tables and figures were presented to show that the Los 
 Angeles City College has grown since its establishment in 1930 from 
 1,700 students to more than 9,000. The population of the city and the 
 county has also mounted very rapidly. A table was presented to indicate 
 that the percent of college students to the total population is smaller in 
 Los Angeles than it is in six of the largest cities in he United States. Only 
 1.32 percent of the total population in Los Angeles is comprised of college 
 students, while 2.63 percent is the proportion in Pittsburgh. The infer- 
 ence from this table was that Los Angeles would have more college stu- 
 dents if additional facilities were available. 
 
 Important in the consideration of state colleges for Sacramento and 
 Los Angeles is the fact that investigations of existing colleges and uni- 
 versities indicate that they draw a majority of their students from a 
 radius of 50 to 100 miles. Data available through the State Department 
 of Education show that California state colleges secure about 75 percent 
 of their students from distances no greater than 40 miles. In Los Angeles 
 such a radius described from the center of the city defines a thickly popu- 
 lated area with an enormous number of prospective college students. The 
 area lying within approxim^ately 50 miles of Sacramento contains upward 
 of a half million population. This should be more than enough to produce 
 a large number of students for a four-year college. 
 
 Appraisal of Plans and Facilities for Offering Upper Division Work 
 at Los Angeles City College and Sacramento College 
 
 Investigations have been completed of the ability of the Los Angeles 
 City College and of Sacramento College to institute upper division train- 
 ing, and more specifically third-year training, in September, 1947. Both 
 institutions submitted statements in which specific areas of training were 
 proposed. The^^ also indicated physical facilities, including classrooms, 
 Jaboratories, equipment, library, and faculty, which may be employed 
 to institute the several lines of training. 
 
 Visitation committees were organized to appraise the resources of 
 the colleges. The committees were comprised of persons of recognized 
 leadership in the areas of training which the colleges proposed to offer. 
 The members of the committee for Los Angeles City College assembled in 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 9 
 
 the office of the president at 10 o'clock Friday morning', April 18th. The 
 Sacramento committee appeared at the office of the president at 10 o 'clock 
 Monday morning, April 21st. Names of the members of the committees 
 appear in the appendix as Exhibits D-I and D-II. The task was explained 
 to the visitors in the presence of the administrative officers of the insti- 
 tutions. 
 
 Provisions of Assembly Bill No. 2273 were summarized and atten- 
 tion was called to the fact that as a part of the survey of the State Depart- 
 ment of Education and the Regents of the University of California, an 
 investigation of the emergency needs of the State for higher education 
 is required, with special attention given to Los Angeles and Sacramento 
 Counties. The members of the committees were advised that their func- 
 tion did not include a decision on whether or not four-year colleges 
 should be established in Sacramento and Los Angeles but that they should 
 examine the plans, material, resources, and qualifications of faculties to 
 institute upper division work and particularly to begin the third-year of 
 such work in September, 1947. Specifically, it was pointed out to the 
 members of the committees that they should consider the area of training 
 represented by their own professional work and study, that they should 
 examine the definiteness with which plans for upper division work had 
 been made, including organization of courses, and that they should 
 investigate classrooms, laboratories, apparatus, library, and faculty per- 
 sonnel to determine their adequacy for upper division college work. 
 
 After discussion and questions to clarify their work of the day, 
 members of the committee went to the various departments to confer 
 with faculty members and to examine facilities. In the process every 
 courtesy was extended by the superintendent, the principal, and the 
 administrative staff of the two institutions. 
 
 After several hours the members of the committee returned for 
 conference and comparison of ideas. Discussions took place with only 
 the committee members present. Written reports were submitted. The 
 committee was advised that the report was confidential in nature, as the 
 findings were to be placed before designated members of the State 
 Department of Education, the Regents of the LTniversity of California, 
 and the legislative interim committee. 
 
 Sacramento College 
 
 Examinations of proposals for upper division work at Sacramento 
 College revealed a lack of definiteness in planning. The courses which 
 the institution expected to offer are shown in the appendix under Exhibit 
 D-III. Reference to this document will show that areas of training are 
 specified and topics in a field are listed. No inventory had been made of 
 existing facilities, such as classrooms, laboratories and equipment, nor 
 had outlines of courses been prepared. A vagueness surrounded most 
 of the proposals although the members of the faculty in certain fields 
 had been much more specific in developing advanced programs. 
 
 Due to lack of planning rather than fundamental disagreement, 
 inconsistencies were found in what the administrative officers of the 
 institution proposed to do and the developments which faculty members 
 had in mind. For example, in the preliminary conference with the visit- 
 ation committee and administrative staff it was definitely stated that a 
 standard four-year course in engineering was in prospect. Conferences 
 
10 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 with the members of the faculty in charge of aeronautics, electronics, 
 and engineering showed that they planned three-year terminal courses. 
 In the field of teacher training, home economics is not shown in the 
 prospectus as an area in which young women would be prepared for 
 teaching positions in the public schools. On the other hand, members 
 of the department of home economics were definitely looking forward 
 to training public school teachers. 
 
 In the proposed training of teachers for the elementary schools 
 and for special secondary credentials in industrial arts, there was almost 
 a complete absence of plans. As will be shown later, it was the opinion 
 of those who inspected facilities in these areas that plans must be devel- 
 oped from the beginning. Shop courses can be provided for third-year 
 work, but shops are not available for courses needed in the fourth year. 
 Practice teaching can be arranged in the local schools. 
 
 The library is inadequate not only for upper division work but 
 for the purposes it currently serves, namely, the junior college. During 
 the last several years the principal has recommended an expenditure of 
 $5 per year per student for library books. Actually $1,000 per year, or 
 40 cents per student, has been permitted with additional expenditures 
 for periodicals. The library has not gained the acquisitions needed for 
 junior college classes. In only a very few fields are there sufficient books 
 to make a beginning in upper division work. The present condition of 
 the library is one which cannot be remedied quickly even though funds 
 were suddenly made available, as time is necessary to select and secure 
 books. It was the opinion of the committee that the condition of the 
 library will be a handicap to the junior college, and especially to upper 
 division work. 
 
 Needs of students in engineering subjects had not been carefully 
 analyzed. When sj^ecific types of training desired by the students were 
 listed it was found that some areas interested few persons. Enrollments 
 would be so small as to make instruction exceedingly expensive. 
 
 In all areas, except business, the visitation committee stressed the 
 need of supplying, for upper division courses, faculty members with 
 more extensive training than that shown by a majority of the present 
 junior college staff. It was the opinion of the visitation committee some 
 staff members are capable of doing upper division work. This statement 
 applied especially to the field of business training. It should be pointed 
 out that judgment of ability of faculty members was based extensively 
 upon years of training and degrees held. This may not always be an 
 adequate measure of fitness. 
 
 Great stress has been placed on the need of upper division work 
 as shown by the number of students in the junior colleges, by the number 
 w^ho will remain if upper division work is available, and by the number of 
 applications from outside the district for advanced work. The institution 
 has been concentrating upon securing such evidence and similar evidence 
 to shoAV the need of expansion rather than upon development of plans 
 and an inventory of resources. Such emphasis is understood if the view 
 is held that one must know first of all if upper division work is permitted. 
 On the other hand, those engaged in the process of education so generally 
 agree that new lines of training require detailed preparation that the 
 failure of faculty and administrative officers to make plans is incon- 
 sistent with educational practice. Certainly the period of time from 
 
XEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR 
 
 HIGHER 
 
 EDUCATION 
 
 11 
 
 May 15th to September 15th is entirely too short to allow an aclminis- 
 trative staff to make effective plans for the beginning of upper cli^dsion 
 work. 
 
 Eeports of the several members of the visitation committee are 
 summarized as follows : 
 
 Liberal Arts: Additional members of the teaching staff will be 
 needed, as well as a reorganization of teaching schedules. The library 
 is apparently adequate in reference materials in English History, 
 European History, and Earth Sciences. Additional periodical source 
 material is needed. More facilities will be needed which include electrical 
 equipment, chemistry laboratory space, music listening rooms, art class- 
 rooms, etc. 
 
 Elementary Education: Little planning has been done for this field 
 of training. A suggested plan was developed with interested faculty 
 members. Two staff members ^vill be necessary. Arrangements for prac- 
 tice teaching should offer no difficulty. 
 
 Industrial Ai^ts: Third-year work can be given in existing shops, 
 but a general woodworking shop, a general metal shop, and a general 
 electrical shop must be supplied to complete training in the teaching 
 field. Professional courses are lacking. 
 
 Home Economics: The department is modern and up to date. TTith 
 an additional staff member, additional courses needed to meet the require- 
 ments for the credential in home economics can be offered. Expansion 
 is needed to provide for a child development laboratory and a home man- 
 agement house. Facilities are not available for institutional man- 
 agement. Yrith additional staff, courses can be offered for a major in 
 home economics. Professional courses for the credential are lacking. 
 
 Business Adm.inistration: The present staff* is of high calibre 
 and training. Although more teachers, additional cou.rses, and better 
 library facilities will be needed, the third and fourth years of business 
 administration can be offered. 
 
 Aeronautics: Expansion to the third year is possible by adding 
 adequate staff. 
 
 Electronics : Expansion to third or fourth year work will require 
 substantial increases in space and equipment. Demand for third year 
 work is indicated by a maximum of eight students. 
 
 Engineering : Space and equipment must be secured, and staff 
 expanded. It is extremely doubtful that equipment can be secured and 
 installed by September, 1947. 
 
 Physical Science and Mathematics : It is proposed that courses be 
 offered which do not require additional laboratory space. 
 
 Physical Education: The institution will be able, with additional 
 staff, to provide physical education needed by a four-year college. Facili- 
 ties are not available for a major, which is not proposed. 
 
 Police Training: The FBI is not interested in training programs in 
 colleges ; the FBI gives its own training. Facilities are not available to 
 give police training. 
 
12 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCO^IMITTEE OX EMERGENCY 
 
 Los Angeies City College 
 
 Like Sacramento, Los Angeles. City College had not planned with 
 definiteness the work of the proposed upper division. At the request of 
 its president, a meeting v/as arranged on April 10th with the Los Angeles 
 City Board of Education at which were present the members of the Los 
 Angeles City Board of Education, the Superintendent of Schools, the 
 President of the City College, the Chief Assistant Superintendent, the 
 Administrative Supervisor, the Assistant Superintendent in charge of 
 Educational and Vocational Education, and the members of the sub- 
 committee of the Liaison Committee. 
 
 Representatives of the Los Angeles school system were asked to 
 specify the specific areas in which training is proposed. The President 
 of the City College preferred not to name the areas on the ground that 
 the program is still in the process of development, that changes will 
 and should occur, and that a definition of functions at present would 
 be premature. When asked how many students should be accommodated 
 in third year upper division work, the reply was that a small beginning 
 should be made and that probably 400 students can be accommodated 
 in third year work. It was indicated that the City College should offer 
 training in business administration, nursing, "junior" engineering, 
 and sanitary engineering. Later these comments were revised to pro- 
 vide for approximately 1,000 students in the third year. The proposal 
 to train students in sanitary engineering was withdrawn and other fields 
 were added. The fields in which training is proposed are sIio^atl in Exhibit 
 D-IV. This indicates the lack of definite planning that has accompanied 
 the proposals for upper division work. 
 
 Apparently lack of understanding, or lack of agreement, has pre- 
 vailed between the administrative staff of the Los Angeles city schools 
 on the one hand, and the faculty of the City College on the other. In 
 discussing proposed curriculums at the meeting on April 10th, the 
 attitude was strongly taken that the primary and controlling purpose 
 of the curriculum should be to train students for occupations. General 
 or liberal subjects should serve the vocational end. Discussions with 
 certain faculty members, on the other hand, indicated that they were 
 thinking in terms of the typical general or liberal arts curriculum in 
 a four-year college. 
 
 The preliminary discussion of the work to be accomplished by the 
 Los Angeles City College indicated the existence of a strong conviction 
 that the curriculum should be planned on a cooperative basis with close 
 relationship with business and industry. Much practical knowledge 
 and experience will thus be secured by an apprentice or a part-time 
 employment procedure. The discussion did not show, nor did the sub- 
 sequent visit to the City College indicate, that detailed plans for coopera- 
 tive instruction had been accomplished. A number of business and 
 industrial concerns in the city had been contacted and representatives 
 of those concerns indicated interest in the proposal and willingness to 
 cooperate. There were, however, no lists of firms nor enumeration of 
 places for part-time employment, and there was no indication of the 
 way courses on the campus will supplement field training. It may have 
 been considered unnecessary to arrive at such details because coopera- 
 tive education has been successfully carried on in certain areas in the 
 
XEEDS OF CALIFORXIA FOR HIGHER EDL'CATIOX 
 
 13 
 
 United States for more than 20 years. On the other hand, the inaugura- 
 tion of a training program will demand precisely such specific analyses 
 and arrangements. 
 
 Documents emanating from the Los Angeles City College have 
 stressed the need of upper division work, first, because of the great 
 number of students on the ground \vho wish to complete courses leading 
 to the bachelor degree; and second, because training is demanded by 
 employers that is midway between that offered by the junior college 
 curriculum and the professional courses of the Uniyersity of California. 
 A brochure, prepared by the President of the City College, and a docu- 
 ment from the superintendent's office entitled "A Statement of Need for 
 a Four-Year Degree-Granting Educational Program at the Los Angeles 
 City College beginning September, 1947*' describe the historical back- 
 ground of the institution, curriculums now offered, and physical plant and 
 facilities. The number of instructors is given with the percentages hold- 
 ing various academic degrees, figtires are presented on the enrollment 
 in the junior college since its establishment in 1930, iDopulation increase 
 in city and county is exhibited; and numbers who have indicated their 
 desire to attend a four-year curriculum at the junior college are listed. 
 Great stress is placed upon the emergency situation with the statement 
 that private and public .four -year colleges and universities will not be 
 able to accommodate students who wish to attend them in September, 
 1947. Other sections of this report present data to show present enroll- 
 ment in junior colleges and state colleges, the number of freshman 
 students that can be accommodated in publicly supported higher insti- 
 tutions, including junior colleges : and the number that wish to transfer 
 to upper diA'ision work as well as the capacity of institutions to accom- 
 modate students with advanced standing. The data show that, with the 
 exception of a few privately supported colleges, no limitation will, be 
 placed upon the enrollment of freshmen, and that existing four-year 
 colleges can take all sttidents wishing to transfer to upper division except 
 in a few fields. 
 
 The Los Angeles City College enrolled, on 3Jarch 28. 1947, a total 
 of 8.599 students. Of these 6,005 are enrolled in one or more classes 
 scheduled after 5 p.m. Discussions with factilty members, as well as 
 general observation, indicated that the present plant is badly crowded. 
 Administrative officers propose to provide for 1,000 additional students 
 by further extending enrollments in the late afternoon and evening, 
 and by moving into several temporary classroom buildings which should 
 be erected and ready for use in September. An entire block of land 
 adjacent to the campus has been purchased and will be used as a site 
 for future buildings as well as for general campus purposes. It was the 
 consensus of opinion of the visitation committee that even with these 
 provisions the plant will be seriously crowded. 
 
 As will be surmised, the Los Angeles City College has been equipped 
 for lower division work. This includes laboratories and library as well 
 as faculty. It may also properly be assumed that the institution has not 
 been overstaffed and should not be overstaffed. The addition of a third 
 year of work with 1,000 students will of necessity bring demands for 
 increased facilities. The assumption, if not the direct statement made 
 
14 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 by those urging the establishment of a four-year college, is that the insti- 
 tution could easily be organized in connection with the City College. 
 Preceding remarks have indicated the crowded condition under which 
 work is conducted at present. Practically all members of the visitation 
 committee agreed that the organization of upper division work will 
 necessitate additional apparatus and especially additional facultj^ mem- 
 bers of a higher level of training and ability than shown by the average 
 member of the present City College staff. While there are members of 
 the present faculty who are capable of work on a higher level, the visita- 
 tion committee does not agree that facilities and faculty are immediately 
 available for upper division work. The committee does agree that it is 
 possible to begin certain third year courses in September, 1947, if addi- 
 tions to staff and equipment are made by that time. 
 
 The visitation committee was not able to preview the proposed cur- 
 riculum in art or in pre-osteopathy, except as biology and science courses 
 enter into the organization of the latter. Summary statements of the 
 findings of the several groups and individuals who interviewed faculty 
 members and inspected the departments in which upper divisions are 
 proposed appear below : 
 
 Engineering: A third year course in engineering for more than 
 40 students is impractical. This number is too small to warrant opening 
 courses in this field. Present personnel and facilities are not adequate 
 to the present load. A clearer statement of objectives than is available 
 must be made for the three types of engineering proposed. A four-year 
 program means the addition of faculty members with advanced degrees 
 and industrial experience. 
 
 Mailiemaiics and Physical Science: In mathematics facilities are 
 adequate for present and immediate future needs. In physics and chem- 
 istry, personnel and laboratory facilities are adequate, but there is need 
 of a departmental library, including scientific periodicals. 
 
 Nursing: The teaching load and class size should be modified, and 
 library and laboratory facilities expanded. Third-year work may begin 
 in September, 1947. 
 
 Elementary Education: Granted that adequate upper division 
 v/ork is provided in the liberal arts, and that persons qualified in ele- 
 mentary education will be added to the staff, third-year work may begin. 
 The department of psychology is adequate to new demands that may be 
 placed upon it by a program of elementary teacher training. 
 
 Physical Education and Recreation: Third-year work should be 
 started only if appropriate faculty is secured to offer professional courses, 
 and if present instructors are relieved of lower division loads both as 
 to teaching and number of students. Plans for four-year program are 
 well developed. 
 
 Biology: More instructors with advanced preparation should be 
 added to^ care for present enrollment. Number and sequence of courses 
 are sufficient for lower division work, but 15 to 20 hours of upper division 
 work should be added. Third-vear work can be arranged for Septem- 
 ber, 1947. 
 
 English: Instructors regarded their department as a service 
 department to those preparing students for vocations. The department 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 15 
 
 can, with minor additions to the staff and library, be expanded suffi- 
 ciently to care for third and fourth year work. 
 
 History and Social Sciences: The staff is already overloaded. 
 Library facilities and instructors must be provided. The present facultj^ 
 is thinking in terms of the typical four-year liberal arts organization; 
 not in terms of service to vocational programs. 
 
 Business Administration: Third and fourth year work is feasible, 
 provided the work is definitely planned, provided additional, well quali- 
 fied faculty members are secured, and provided the cooperative plan 
 of instruction is definitely provided for. Library facilities must be 
 expanded. 
 
 Financial Support and Administrative Control 
 
 Publicly supported education in California consists of the state uni- 
 versity which operates under its own charter and is supported largely by 
 appropriations made by the Legislature ; the state colleges controlled by 
 the State Board of Education through the State Department of Educa- 
 tion and supported by appropriations from the State Treasury ; and the 
 junior colleges which derive their revenues from local taxes and state 
 apportionments and are controlled by local boards of education. This 
 organization has, in the main, proved satisfactory and has been capable 
 of meeting the educational needs of the State. Before new patterns of 
 financial support and administrative control are set up, consideration 
 should be given to the advantages and disadvantages gained under the 
 present organization and certainly to the advantages and disadvantages 
 which may result from new methods of financial support and administra- 
 tive control. 
 
 In Los Angeles it is proposed that an upper division be established 
 on the campus of the City College and that it be financed by state funds, 
 but with administrative control lodged with the Los Angeles Board of 
 Education. This is contained in a resolution shown in Exhibit E-I. It is 
 readily apparent that this is a new pattern of organization and that a 
 beginning of state subsidies to higher education will be made under condi- 
 tions which relieve or prohibit the State from administering the schools. 
 It should be pointed out that the Los Angeles Board of Education and its 
 administrative officers realize this. They propose that the ramifications 
 of the plan be thoroughly explored through a series of conferences, since 
 the intent is to develop school facilities that will be consistent with a pat- 
 tern of support and control which will best serve the State. 
 
 In exploring their proposals, Los Angeles authorities refer to the 
 feasibility of extending present methods of state apportionment in the 
 junior colleges to upper division work. This would extend work now 
 located in state colleges to the junior college, with local control. It has also 
 been asked if it would be possible to operate, temporarily, the third year 
 of work on this basis. A final question is the possibility of allowing a 
 taxing unit to set up and support third year work from either of these 
 arrangements. 
 
 In Sacramento it is expected that an upper division will be located 
 on the state college campus and that it will be financed by the State. A 
 plan of administration has not been stated, although the assertion has 
 been made, positively, that a four-year institution is desired. 
 
 In both Los Angeles and Sacramento the Board of Education and 
 administrative authorities have been positive in their assertion that the 
 
16 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 junior college should be maintained with present methods of financial 
 support and administrative control. The values of the junior college as an 
 institution are recognized and it is believed that those values should be 
 preserved. 
 
 Either the Los Angeles or the Sacramento proposal will mean that 
 agreements must be reached with the State for the use of facilities now 
 owned by local school districts. Apparently it is expected in both places 
 that new facilities needed for upper division work will be provided by 
 the State. These proposed procedures should be thoroughly explored 
 before a decision is reached. 
 
 In carrying out the survey of the emergency needs for higher edu- 
 cation in California the subcommittee found no one who believed that 
 the junior college should be discontinued even though a four-year insti- 
 tution were developed within the community in which the junior college 
 operates. On the contrary, there is general agreement that the junior 
 college, as an educational institution, should be preserved and protected. 
 Its values are the emphasis upon good teaching and systematic guidance 
 practices for which the junior colleges stand, and the educational pro- 
 grams which they offer. These schools make lower division college, or 
 university, training available to the students of the community. So close 
 has been the relationship that students may complete the first two years 
 of a four-year college course while living at home and transfer to the uni- 
 versity and state colleges, as well as to the privately supported institu- 
 tions, without loss. Judged by numbers of students, the transfer program 
 has been the most important one of the junior college. Educationally it is 
 perhaps surpassed by the opportunities provided for vocational training. 
 Semiprofessional courses in wide variety are found. Many schools pro- 
 vide curriculums of approximately a year in length. So flexible is the 
 junior college that it can and does offer training suitable to the needs of 
 almost any group of students. 
 
 Added to the transfer, and the semiprofessional courses, is the cur- 
 riculum in general education designed for students who will leave the 
 junior college at the end of two years and who seek during that time what 
 may be termed a broad general education. It is for the reasons briefly 
 described in these paragraphs that the general view prevails that the 
 junior college as an institution must be preserved. 
 
 It seems evident that the enlargement of the junior college pro- 
 gram, to include the upper division, will influence the work of the junior 
 college. The tradition of the four-j^ear school is bound to prevail. So 
 ingrained is the tradition, not only among the general populace but 
 among the faculty members of a junior college, that plans and thinking 
 for the new institution will occur in terms of the four-year course. The 
 four-year major will threaten the peculiar functions of the lower divi- 
 sion as they are organized in the junior college. If the values of the junior 
 college are to be preserved, the state college and the junior college should 
 be completely separated. 
 
 From the standpoint of logic, a state college consisting of only the 
 upper division and such graduate vv^ork as may be appropriate has much 
 in its favor. California has a junior college sj^stem the development of 
 which has increasingly made available to the people of the State an 
 institution based. on community needs. Everyone expects the time to come 
 when the network of junior colleges will be sufficiently complete to pro- 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 17 
 
 vide schools located in such a way as to serve the population of the State. 
 The proposal that publicly supported four-year collegiate institutions 
 drop their lower di\T[sions and concentrate upon the more professional 
 work of the upper division has been before the educational public for 
 years. The proposal is consistent with the principles advanced in support 
 of the six-four-four plan, a form of organization for the public schools 
 which has received all but unanimous endorsement by students of school 
 administration and national educational bodies. 
 
 The people of California, and those engaged in school work including 
 college faculties and administrators, are apparently not ready for this 
 form of organization. Thinking is in terms of the four-year institution. 
 The University of California expects to retain its lower division, although 
 the number of students will likely be reduced. Only occasionally does 
 a representative of the state colleges speak of relinquishing the lower 
 division. To the general public the proposal is practically unknown ; the 
 four-year organization dominates the popular mind so completelj^ that 
 the proposal to enlarge a junior into a four -year school receives instant 
 acceptance. 
 
 In the past, junior colleges have been established in existing state 
 colleges. This organization is found in Fresno and San Jose and until 
 September, 1946, in San Diego. The junior college is supported as any 
 other junior college. A contract is drawn between local school authorities 
 and the administrative officers of the state college who operate the junior 
 college. 
 
 The best example of the plan is found at San Jose. The following 
 excerpts, taken from the current catalog, explain the organization. 
 
 ' ' The San Jose State College is actually a combination of two colleges 
 under the name and organization of a four-year college, but with the 
 addition of a complete and separately supported junior college. By con- 
 tract with the San Jose Junior College District, the college is able to 
 offer regular junior college curricula in addition to the usual offerings 
 of a four-year state college. This arrangement has proved particularly 
 advantageous as it permits the two colleges to combine their resources 
 in certain areas of more or less mutual function and thereby greatly 
 enhance the possible offering of either college separately. 
 
 ''All curricula in the college are grouped under the following cate- 
 gories: Trial, technical, liberal arts, and teacher training, as indicated 
 on the next page. For purposes of administration, however, the students 
 are classified in five groups : Trial, technical, lower division liberal arts, 
 lower division teacher training, and upper division. 
 
 I. Trial. This group includes students who do not meet scho- 
 lastic requirements for admission to other college curricula. Regis- 
 tration is entirely in the junior college Avhere no tuition or fee is 
 charged. 
 
 II. Technical. This group consists of students in two-year semi- 
 professional or vocational curricula. Registration is entirely in the 
 junior college where no tuition or fee is charged. 
 
 ''Lower division liberal arts students register in state college or 
 junior college according to admission status as outlined on page 35. 
 Junior college students are transferred to state college in June of each 
 year after not less than three quarters of satisfactory progress." 
 
18 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 High school graduates who do not meet college entrance require- 
 ments may enter the junior college and enroll in the "General trial 
 curriculum. ' ' They are limited to a series of elementary courses. If they 
 demonstrate their ability to do college work they may transfer to the 
 regular college curriculum. The junior college also maintains two-year 
 semiprofessional curriculums which give practical preparation for voca- 
 tionals. The two-j^ear semiprofessional curriculums are : 
 
 Accounting Journalism 
 
 Aeronautics Merchandising 
 
 Commercial Art and Illustration Music 
 
 Costume Design and Construction Photography 
 
 Design and Handicraft Police 
 
 Much criticism has been leveled at the San Jose Junior College, 
 especially by junior college administrators and county superintendents. 
 Criticism is based both upon methods of finance, and upon the methods 
 of operation. The junior college receives state apportionments, and it 
 levies out-of -district tuition rates on counties for students residing out- 
 side a junior college district. The amount of local taxes needed to com- 
 plete the budget is small. The county superintendents object to approv- 
 ing tuition charges ; they assert that the students could have entered the 
 state college anyway with the expense of their instruction borne by the 
 State. Reference to the above extracts from the catalog of the college 
 show that this is not the case except for those students who meet the 
 entrance requirements and enroll in the two-year curriculums. These 
 curriculums would not be available, according to the college authorities, 
 were it not for the junior college. 
 
 A second criticism arises from the fact that the junior college stu- 
 dents are not separated from the college students. Apparently, students 
 participate in athletics and other student activities whether their affili- 
 ation is with the state college or the junior college. Although certain 
 classes are set up as junior college classes, they are attended b}^ such 
 state college students as wish; on the other hand, classes listed in the 
 state college may be attended by junior college students. Such practices 
 cause school administrators to assert that the school is not a bona fide 
 junior college. They also ask how it is possible, accurately, to determine 
 junior college attendance and hence state income on such a basis. Rebut- 
 tal is to the effect that the junior college is rendering a real service to 
 the community, and students from other communities at much less cost 
 than would be possible with a separately organized junior college. 
 
 At San Diego the junior college was separated from the state college 
 largely because of location. Students had too far to go. Facilities in or 
 near the down-tovm area give better service to junior college students. 
 
 In Fresno the number of junior college students is small. At present 
 a plan is under way to abandon the present campus and build a new one. 
 If this is done, the president of the college will favor the separation of 
 the junior college and the state college. 
 
 Drafting 
 General business 
 Home making 
 I. B. M. accounting 
 
 Printing technics 
 Radio 
 Secretarial 
 Speech-drama 
 Watchmaking 
 
 Conclusions 
 
 Junior colleges, state colleges, and other four-year colleges and 
 universities will be able to accommodate all California high school gradu- 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 19 
 
 ates who wisli to contmiie their education in September, 1947. New 
 junior colleges, which will begin operation with the next school year, 
 will place facilities within short distances of many. Eestrictions on fresh- 
 man enrollment have been made, or will be made, by several of the 
 smaller, privately supported colleges, by the University of Southern 
 California, and by Stanford University. The University of California 
 does not expect to limit freshman enrollment except in engineering. 
 
 Certain of the small, privately supported colleges have closed, or will 
 close, enrollments in the upper division. The University of Southern 
 California and Stanford University will not be able to accommodate all 
 students who apply for admission to the upper division. The University 
 of California will limit enrollment in the upper division only in the fields 
 of engineering, possibly in business administration at Berkeley but 
 probably not in Los Angeles; and in optometry, pharmacy, dentistry, 
 medicine, and at Hastings College of Law. "With the exception of San 
 Francisco State College where the campus is very crowded, and San Luis 
 Obispo where capacity will prohibit some students from enrolling, the 
 state colleges expect to admit all upper division students who apply. 
 Many places are available in the liberal arts, engineering subjects, and 
 business administration. 
 
 In the junior colleges and the state colleges, students are concen- 
 trated in the freshman year. Of a total of 52,367 junior college students, 
 onh'- 3,166 are reported as expecting to transfer to upper division. The 
 fields to which they wish to go in greatest number are, in order : Liberal 
 arts, business administration, engineering, pre-law, pre-medicine, chem- 
 istry, teaching, agriculture, dentistry, and nursing. 
 
 In Los Angeles City College 534 are arranging to transfer, while in 
 Sacramento College the number is 350. 
 
 Information gained from the junior colleges, state colleges, and other 
 four-year colleges and uniA^ersities on enrollments, their policies on limit- 
 ing admissions, and numbers of students ready to transfer from the junior 
 colleges, does not support the statement that an emergency exists in 
 higher education. Collegiate institutions are able to offer training to those 
 who seek it, except in a few professional fields. 
 
 The housing situation, while improved, is such as to make it difficult, 
 if not impossible, for many students to find living quarters on or near 
 college campuses. 
 
 Sacramento and vicinity now contain sufficient population to support 
 a four-year collegiate institution. The Los Angeles area contains sufficient 
 population to support one or more four-year colleges. 
 
 Plans for the development of upper division work in the Los Angeles 
 City College and the Sacramento College are surprisingly indefinite. 
 Except in a few departments, more specific planning must precede the 
 establishment of upper division work. 
 
 Practically all departments in which it is proposed to extend the 
 curriculum, both in Sacramento College and City College, must be 
 strengthened by the addition of highly trained faculty and personnel, 
 laboratory and shop equipment, and library facilities. It should be 
 possible to make such preparation as is necessary to begin a limited 
 amount of third-year work in September, 1947. 
 
 At Los Angeles City College facilities are badly crowded. Temporary 
 classroom buildings should be ready in September, although the problem 
 
20 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 of sufficient space will probably not be solved. At Sacramento College 
 space can be provided by carefully developed class schedules. 
 
 Before new four-year colleges are established, their financial support 
 and administrative control must be decided. Possible forms of support 
 and control are: (1) Operation of a state-supported upper division on 
 the same campus with the junior college, with arrangements made for the 
 State to lease school district facilities or to supply facilities, of both. 
 Administrative control may be exercised over the upper division (a) b}^ 
 the State; (b) by the local board of education, or (c) through an agree- 
 ment reached by the local board of education and by the State. (2) Exten- 
 sion to the upper division of present methods of financing junior colleges 
 with control lodged with the local board of education. (3) Granting cities 
 of a certain population and wealth the privilege of lewydng local taxes to 
 support the upper division and assigning control to the local board of 
 education. (4) Organizing a junior college in connection with an existing 
 state college, with the support and control of the college remaining with 
 the State. This entails the support of the junior college on the usual basis, 
 and the control of the junior college arranged on a cooperative basis 
 between college administrative officers and the local board of education. 
 (6) A complete separation of the junior college and four-year state col- 
 lege, employing existing methods of support and control for both. (7) The 
 complete separation of the state college and the junior college, with the 
 state college limited to the upper division and such graduate work as it 
 may be authorized to conduct. 
 
 Of the possible methods of organization, the one which completely 
 separates the junior college and the four-year state college is the best. 
 It will permit the junior college to maintain its identity and to fulfill its 
 function ; it will permit the four-year school to accomplish the purpose 
 for which it is established, namely, to offer curriculums leading in various 
 lines of training to the degree of competence marked by the bachelor 's 
 degree. Complete separation will help to prevent what might easily 
 become a movement in higher education, if a beginning were made of 
 making junior colleges into four-year schools by the process of adding 
 two years for which state support is given. If such an organization is once 
 set up, pressure can be expected for legislation in any community main- 
 taining a relatively large junior college. 
 
 It does not seem advisable for either the Los Angeles City College 
 or the Sacramento College to begin upper division courses in September, 
 1947. The adoption of a long range policy of providing additional facil- 
 ities for the State, with a four-year college located in the Sacramento 
 area and one or more in the Los Angeles area, is consistent with the 
 results of this and the preceding investigation by the subcommittee. 
 
 Of the greatest importance to higher education in California is 
 a decision with respect to the financial support and administrative con- 
 trol of such new institutions as may soon be established. Separation of 
 junior colleges and state colleges will perpetuate a type of support and 
 control that has proved satisfactory; placing a junior coUege and a 
 state college on the same campus may reduce and even destroy the use- 
 fulness of the junior college; it m.ay easily initiate a form of institu- 
 tion that will prove to be inferior to existing schools. 
 
 If it is not feasible or practical to delay legislation authorizing 
 state colleges in Los Angeles and Sacramento, the immediate situation 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORXIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATIOX 
 
 21 
 
 may be met through legislation locating state colleges in those cities. 
 If such legislation is passed, permission to begin operations should be 
 Avithheld until the extensive survey of the State is completed. This will 
 permit decision concerning the higher educational institutions which 
 California needs, and the form of financial support and administrative 
 control which will best minister to those needs. 
 
 Exhibit A-! 
 
 Enrollment Figures as Furnished by Branch Office for California Veterans 
 
 Sepiemher, 19.'f6 — PulUc Lau: 3^6 only 
 Institutional training 
 
 Below college level 1,731 
 
 Junior college 6,387 
 
 Teachers college and normal schools 1,356 
 
 College, universities, or professional 3S.319 
 
 Trade schools and business colleges 13.931 
 
 Correspondence schools 1,931 
 
 Total 63,655 
 
 On-the-job training, Total 31,728 
 
 Felruarij, 19JP PulJic Laic 16 PuUic Laiv 3-'^6 Total 
 
 Institutions of higher learning 4.763 75.681 80.444 
 
 Other institutions 2.323 28,940 31.263 
 
 On-the-job training 4,037 29,813 33.850 
 
 Note — This does not include the four counties which are in the Reno Eegional 
 
 office. 
 
 Veteran Trainees Distributed Throughout the Country and in California 
 
 Percentage of veterans enrolled 
 U.S.A. California 
 
 CoUeges and universities 50 60 
 
 Trade and business schools 31 22 
 
 Elementary and secondary schools below college le\-el 8 3 
 
 Junior colleges 4 7 
 
 Correspondence courses 4 3 
 
 Teachers colleges 3 2 
 
 Certificates of Eligibility Issued (Active Cases in File) 
 Felruary, 19 Jp' 
 
 Los Angeles 79.125 
 
 San Francisco 63.205 
 
 San Diego 5,310 
 
 Figures supplied by the Division of Readjustment Education, California State 
 Department of Education. 
 
 Exhibit B-l 
 
 Enrollment in Junior Colleges 
 
 Veterans 
 
 First year 21.584 
 
 Second year 6.667 
 
 Xonveterans 
 
 First year 17,636 
 
 Second year 6.480 
 
 Total 
 
 Number Completing Junior College Course 
 
 Veterans 2.^35 
 
 Xonveterans 3,069 
 
 Total 5,704 
 
 Number Who Expect to Transfer to Four-Year Colleges 
 
 Veterans 1.654 
 
 Non veterans 1,512 
 
 Total 
 
 3.166 
 
22 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 Curriculums to Which Students Completing Junior College Expect to Transfer 
 
 Field Veterans Nonveterans Total 
 
 Liberal arts 565 831 1,396 
 
 Business administration 396 241 637 
 
 Engineering 464 161 625 
 
 Pre-Law 123 82 205 
 
 Pre-Medicine 91 60 151 
 
 Chemistry 92 48 140 
 
 Teaching 31 61 92 
 
 Agriculture 67 24 91 
 
 Dentistry 44 15 59 
 
 Nursing 11 42 53 
 
 Physical education 26 20 46 
 
 Optometry 13 14 27 
 
 Forestry 9 4 13 
 
 Pre-Pharmacy 8 3 11 
 
 Public health 2 2 4 
 
 Music 12 3 
 
 Psychology 1 1 
 
 Others 88 121 209 
 
 Totals 2,032 1,731 3,763 
 
 Exhibit B-ll 
 Enrollments in State Colleges 
 
 Lower Division 
 Fresh- Non- Sopho- Non- 
 man Vet- vet- more Vet- vet- 
 Name total erans erans total erans erans 
 
 Chico State College 465 272 193 152 93 59 
 
 Fresno State College 1,111 644 467 643 376 267 
 
 Humboldt State College 389 216 173 141 88 53 
 
 San Diego State College 1,667 863 804 1,034 623 411 
 
 San Francisco State College., 1,283 — ___ 557 
 
 San Jose State College 1,013 801 212 352 286 66 
 
 California Polytechnic School- 2,885 1,550 1,335 1,255 681 574 
 
 Totals 8,813 4,346 3,184 4,134 2,147 1,430 
 
 Upper Division 
 
 Junior Vet- Non-vet- Senior Vet- Non-vet- 
 
 Name total erans erans total erans erans 
 
 Chico State College 108 62 46 121 68 53 
 
 Fresno State College 327 166 161 310 172 138 
 
 Humboldt State College 56 30 26 47 29 . 18 
 
 San Diego State College 488 247 241 350 206 144 
 
 San Francisco State College__ 366 ___ ___ 253 
 
 San Jose State College 789 379 410 616 291 325 
 
 California Polytechnic School, 145 116 29 107 86 21 
 
 Totals 2,279 1,000 913 1,804 852 699 
 
 Graduate and Others 
 
 Graduate Vet- Non-vet- Others Vet- Non-vet- 
 
 Name total erans erans total erans erans 
 
 Chico State College 19 13 6 56 12 44 
 
 Fresno State College 61 38 23 1 1 
 
 Humboldt State College 4 4 14 7 7 
 
 San Diego State College 123 42 81 31 6 25 
 
 *San Francisco State College. 118 ___ ___ 199 
 
 San Jose State College 99 52 47 159 15 144 
 
 California Polytechnic School 77 62 15 
 
 Totals 424 145 161 537 102 236 
 
 * Total enrollment of veterans 1,315; nonveterans 1,461. 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 23 
 
 Summary 
 
 Class 
 
 V eterans 
 
 'Non-veterans 
 
 Total 
 
 Freshman 
 
 Sophomore 
 
 Junior 
 
 Senior 
 
 Graduate — 
 
 Others 
 
 ( San Francisco totals not included above ) 
 
 4,346 
 2,147 
 1,000 
 852 
 145 
 102 
 1,316 
 
 3,184 
 1,430 
 913 
 699 
 161 
 236 
 1,461 
 
 8,813 
 4,134 
 2,279 
 1,804 
 424 
 537 
 
 Totals 
 
 9,907 
 
 8,084 
 
 17,991 
 
 Exhibit B-lli 
 Admission to State Colleges 
 
 San Francisco State College 
 
 There will be no limitation other than scholastic on the admission 
 of freshmen. All lower division students who qualify will be admitted 
 to upper division. Preference will be given to native lower division 
 students for admission to the upper diAdsion, although admissions have 
 not been completed for September. It will be necessary to close enroll- 
 ments when the quota is reached because of lack of space. Upper divi- 
 sion students from junior colleges will be admitted in business courses. 
 
 Fresno State College 
 
 There will be no limitation on college enrollments except that caused 
 by housing conditions. All lower division students qualified for the upper 
 division will be admitted. There are approximately 300 places for students 
 in upper division business administration and engineering. 
 
 Chico state College 
 
 There will be no limitation on freshman students as places can be 
 found for 600. All qualified lower division students will be admitted 
 to upper division and, while preference will be given to native students, 
 it is not anticipated that enrollments will be closed to junior college 
 transfers. Upper division students can be accommodated in business and 
 engineering subjects. 
 
 San Diego State College 
 
 No limitation will be placed upon enrollment of freshman students. 
 All lower division students who apply will be admitted. Upper division 
 students can be accommodated in general engineering subjects and in 
 business administration. 
 
 Humboldt State College 
 
 No limitation has been placed on the admission of freshmen. It is 
 hoped that 300 will apply for September. Lack of facilities in natural 
 science, journalism, secretarial work, and social science wiU force a 
 limitation in the enrollment of upper division students in these fields. 
 Preference will be given to native students in considering applications 
 for upper division work. Places are open at present in business adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 San Jose State College 
 
 No limitation, other than scholastic, has been placed on enroUment. 
 It is expected that all students transferring to the upper division will 
 be admitted provided they are able to secure housing. No preference 
 wiU be given to native lower division students. 
 
24 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 California Polytechnic School 
 
 Limitations will be placed on the admission of freshmen because 
 of insufficient facilities. All native lower division students who qualify 
 will be admitted to upper division Avork and additional students from 
 the junior colleges can be accommodated in most fields of instruction. 
 Admissions are still open although it is anticipated that a quota will be 
 reached before September. Places are still open in the field of engineering. 
 
 Exhibit D-l 
 Committee to Visit Sacramento College 
 
 Monday, April 21, 1947 
 
 Dr. Harlan Adams, Dean of Liberal Arts 
 
 Chico State College 
 Miss Bertha V. Akin, Chief of Bureau of Homemaking Education 
 
 State Department of Education 
 Dr. Wm. R. Blackler, Business Education 
 
 State Department of Education 
 Dr. Aubrey A. Douglass, Associate Superintendent 
 
 State Department of Education 
 Dr. David E. Faville, Acting Dean. Graduate School of Business 
 
 Stanford University 
 Mr. Samuel L. Fick, Chief, Bureau Trade and Industrial Education 
 
 State Department of Education 
 Mr. Marion A. Grosse, Director of Lidustrial Arts Education 
 
 Fresno State College 
 Mr. Glenn Hartranft, Associate Professor of Physical Education 
 
 San Jose State College 
 Dr. Everett D. Howe, Associate Professor of Engineering 
 
 L^niversity of California, Berkeley 
 Dr. J. Marc Jantzen, Dean of the School of Education 
 
 College of the Pacific, Stockton 
 Mr. Prank B. Lindsay, Assistant Superintendent 
 
 State Department of Education 
 Mrs. Evehm Steel Little, Dean of Faculty 
 
 Mills'^CoUege 
 Dr. Wm. G. Paden, City Superintendent of Schools 
 
 Alameda, California 
 ]\Ir. Charles W. Patrick, Regional Supervisor, Trade and Industrial 
 
 Education, State Departrnxcnt of Education 
 Mr. John P. Peper, Special Supervisor, Peace Officers Training 
 
 State Department of Education 
 Dr. P. Victor Peterson, Dean of Professional Education 
 
 San Jose State College 
 Dr. Harvey E. White, Professor of Physics 
 
 University of California, Berkeley 
 
 Exhibit D-ll 
 Committee to Visit Los Angeles City College 
 
 Friday, April 18, 1947 
 
 Dr. Attilio Bissiri, Mathematics-Science Department 
 University of California at Los Angeles 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 25 
 
 Dr. Wm. R. Blackler, Business Education 
 
 State Department of Education 
 Dr. Earl G. Blackstone. Professor of Education and Commerce 
 
 Uniyersity of Southern California, Los Angeles 
 Dr. W. Henry Cooke, Professor of History 
 
 Claremont Graduate School, Claremont 
 Dr. Aubrey A. Douglass, Associate Superintendent 
 
 State Department of Education 
 ifliss Ruth. Feider, Director of the School of Nursing 
 
 HoUwood Presb}i:erian Hospital, Los Angeles 
 Dr. Garland Greever, Professor of English 
 
 University of Southern California, Los Angeles 
 Dr. Bruce M. Harrison, Professor of Biology 
 
 University of Southern California, Los Angeles 
 >Ir. Willis M. Kenealy, Regional Supervisor, Business Education 
 
 State Department of Education 
 iVIr. Frank B. Lindsay, Assistant Superintendent 
 
 State Department of Education 
 Dr. Frederick Charles Lindvall, Professor of Electrical and Mechanical 
 
 Engineering, California Institute of Technology 
 Dr. Lee W. Ralston, Director of Trade and Industrial Education 
 
 Los Angeles County 
 Dr. George W. Robbins, Business Administration 
 
 University of California at Los Angeles 
 Dr. Royal Wasson Sorenson, Professor of Electrical Engineering 
 
 California Institute of Technology 
 Dr. J. Graham Sullivan, Director of Adult and Vocational Education 
 
 San Diego City Schools 
 
 Exhibit D-lll 
 
 Curriculap Offerings to Be Provided in the Junior and Senior Years of the 
 Proposed Four-Year College at Sacramento, California 
 
 The curricular offerings of the proposed four -year college in Sacra- 
 mento would include: (1) The present general education courses in the 
 junior coUege leading to the degree of Associate in Arts ; (2) The present 
 liberal arts courses leading to specialized curricula in the upper division, 
 which may or may not lead to the degree of Associate in Arts; and (3) 
 Terminal vocational curricula leading to gainful emplo^mient in specific 
 occupations and to the degree of Associate in Arts. 
 
 Likewise the offerings in the proposed four-year college shall be 
 planned to provide: (1) Advanced liberal arts and general education 
 courses which may or may not lead to the baccalaureate degree; (2) 
 Specialized curricula required in specific professional fields leading to 
 the baccalaureate degree and to graduate work; and (3) Specialized cur- 
 ricula required for certain occupations not necessarily leading to the 
 baccalaureate degree but requiring three or four years of collegiate 
 training. 
 
26 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 The curricula in the third* and fourth years of the proposed four- 
 year college would include the following examples of general fields and 
 specific offerings : 
 
 Field Specific Offerings 
 
 Aeronautics Aircraft Designing, Aeronautical Technology, Airport 
 
 Operation and Management, Flight Engineering, Meteor- 
 ology, Aircraft Lofting. 
 
 Art Graphic Arts, Commercial Arts and Crafts. 
 
 Business Administration Marketing, Finance, Statistical Methods, Business Organi- 
 
 and Public Service zation and Management, Accounting, Insurance, Public 
 
 Administration, Personnel Management and Labor Rela- 
 tions, Real Estate and Property Management, Traffic 
 Management, Advanced Secretarial Training, 
 
 Education Curricula leading to the Elementary Credential and Indus- 
 trial Arts and Vocational Credentials. 
 
 Electronics Radio Technology and Principles and Applications of Elec- 
 tronics. 
 
 Engineering Transportation Engineering, Traffic Engineering, Highway 
 
 Engineering, Junior Engineering, Drafting and Lay-out 
 Work, Estimating, 
 
 English Literature, Journalism, Drama, Speech, Creative Writing, 
 
 Radio Production. 
 
 Home Economics Foods and Nutrition, Clothing, Textiles and Home Art, 
 
 Child Development and Parent Education, Social Wel- 
 fare, Homemaking. 
 
 Languages Latin, Spanish, French, German, 
 
 Life Sciences Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Zoology, Entomology, Botany, 
 
 Parasitology, Natural Science, and Completion of Pre- 
 Medical Curriculum. 
 
 Music Choral and Instrumental Groups, History and Music 
 
 Literature, Music Theory and Composition, Applied Music 
 (Group Instruction) . 
 
 Physical Education Physical Education, Intramural Activities and Games, 
 
 and Health Recreational Leadership, Corrective Work. 
 
 Physical Sciences Geology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, 
 
 Police Training Federal Bureau of Investigation (F,B,I,) Curricula, 
 
 Social Sciences History, Political Science, Economics, Philosophy, Psy- 
 chology, Geography, Social Welfare, Lavv^. 
 
 Exhibit D-IV 
 
 Proposed Upper Division Curriculums for September, 1947 
 Los Angeles City College 
 
 The Los Angeles City College is prepared to offer, as of September, 
 1947, the third year of a four-year degree program in the below listed 
 courses. (Note : No additional equipment or investment will be needed 
 to place most of these courses into the curriculum. ) 
 
 1. Pre-professional 
 
 Four-year pre-medical 
 Third-year pre-osteopathy 
 
 2. Semi-professional 
 
 Four-year nursing 
 Four-year art 
 
 3. Business 
 
 Four-year accounting 
 Four-year banking and finance 
 Four-year business management 
 Four-year merchandising 
 
 4. Industry. (Equipment and laboratory space will be needed) 
 
 Third-year of mechanical engineering 
 Third-year of electrical engineering 
 Third-year of civil engineering 
 
 * It is proposed that, beginning in September, 1947, the third year only shall be offered in the upper 
 division, and that such year's work shall be provided to accommodate not more than 500 students. The actual 
 third-year courses and curricula offered in 1947-48 shall be only those approved by the official appraisal 
 committee. 
 
NEEDS OF CALIFORNIA FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 
 
 27 
 
 5. Education 
 
 Four-year men's recreational leadership 
 Four-year men's physical education 
 Four-year women's recreational leadership 
 Four-year women's physical education 
 Four-year elementary education 
 
 6. Cultural 
 
 Students with general education interests are not to be overlooked. Appro- 
 priate cultural courses will be offered. The emphasis in these courses will 
 not be to earn a living, but rather to teach the art of living as good American 
 citizens. Los Angeles, along with its industrial expansion, is fast becoming 
 a leading cultural center. Intense interest is developing in the offering of 
 courses in creative art, the fine arts, craft arts, music and written expres- 
 sion. Courses in sociology, history, civilization, literature, composition, 
 and philosophy, paralleling these, will be developed to meet the non- 
 vocational needs of students. 
 
 Exhibit E-l 
 
 President Elliott stated that the beard instructed the president 
 at its meeting on Thursday, January 16th, to confer with the super- 
 intendent and Dr. Jacobsen, President of Los Angeles City College, con- 
 cerning a four-year college program, and as a result of such conference, 
 the board had before it a resolution with respect to the matter, which 
 was in the hands of the Law and Rules Committee. 
 
 Mr. Larrabee, Chairman of the Law and Rules Committee, there- 
 upon presented the following resolution prepared in accordance with 
 instructions of the board at its last meeting, to wit : 
 
 RESOLUTioisr OF IjN^tentiox Coxcerxixg Four-Yeae Basis At City College 
 
 Whereas, The 1946 enrollment at the Los Angeles City College has increased 
 to approximately eight thousand students, about one-half of whom are veterans of 
 World War II ; and it is apparent that most of these veterans who desire and are 
 eligible for a four-year college course will fail to attain this objective because of over- 
 crowded conditions in the institutions of higher learning in the State of California ; and 
 
 Whereas, The same overcrowded conditions are preventing the greater part 
 of high school graduates enrolled at City College or otherwise desiring a four-year 
 college course, from securing such education ; and 
 
 Whereas, The metropolitan area of Los Angeles has become an industrial and 
 commercial center of California, and a survey has indicated the need and demand 
 for a specialized four-year college course to prepare students and employees for posi- 
 tions of an administrative and managerial character in industry, commerce and in 
 other vocational fields ; and it appears that the greater part of the veterans in this area, 
 by reason of the delay in their educational program because of the war, desire and 
 require such specialized courses of instruction in these fields ; and 
 
 Whereas, It is urgent that such a four-year educational program be made avail- 
 able as soon as possible, and the use of the facilities and faculty at Los Angeles City 
 CoUege would make available such a four-year college course without the serious 
 delay of building a college plant or organizing a complete new faculty ; and 
 
 Whereas, It appears that the need for such a four-year college is permanent in 
 its nature and will particularly serve the future needs of the Los Angeles metropolitan 
 area in the manner above indicated ; and 
 
 Whereas, In California public education of an advanced college grade is financed 
 as a state function ; now, therefore, be it 
 
 Resolved, That the Los Angeles City Board of Education affirms by this resolu- 
 tion the existence of a need for a four-year college program in this area which will 
 serve special fields of industrial, commercial and vocational education on a permanent 
 basis ; be it further 
 
 Resolved, That it is urgent that the educational needs of a large number of 
 veterans now enrolled in the Los Angeles City College for advanced instruction which 
 the Federal Government makes possible under the GI Bill of Rights be immediately 
 met ; be it further 
 
 Resolved, That in recognition of this need, this board offers to this area, and to 
 the State of California, the State Board of Education and the Legislature, its coopera- 
 tion in making the facilities and faculty of Los Angeles City College and the facilities 
 of this board available for such a four-year college program ; under a plan of mutual 
 cooperation between the State of California and this school district to be mutually 
 satisfactory, and contemplating the financing of the upper two years with state funds, 
 reimbursable to the extent provided by the GI Bill of Rights. This board offers to 
 
28 
 
 REPORT BY SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGENCY 
 
 assume the responsibility of direction and administration of such facilities, subject to 
 cooperative assistance and counsel by the State ; be it further 
 
 Resolved, That the Board of Education of the Los Angeles City Junior College 
 District requests the California Legislature to enact legislation to authorize work above 
 the junior college level in conjunction with Los Angeles City College and to provide 
 state funds therefor. 
 
 Mr. Larrabee moved that the above resolution be adopted. Said 
 motion was seconded by Mr. Becker, and on roll call was carried unani- 
 mously. Six ayes. 
 
 o 
 
 L-6351 5-47 900 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 Los Angeles 
 This ' is DUE on the last - ' ^ 
 
 LOS ANGELES