A 000 664 906 5 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 ON THE 
 
 HOTJINY OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 DELITERED BEFORE THE 
 
 SOCIETY 
 
 FOB THE 
 
 PROMOTION OF USEFUL ARTS, 
 
 AT THE CAPITOL, IV THE CITY OF ALBANY, ON THE 9TII 
 DAY OF FEBRUARY, 1814. 
 
 vwwvvw 
 
 To which is added, 
 
 A CATALOGUE OF PLANTS 
 
 LVDIGEJYOUS TO THE STATE OF NEW-YORK, 
 
 VWWVVW 
 
 BY JACOB GREEN, A. M. 
 
 One of the Counsellors of the Society, and Member of the Linnxan 
 Society of Philadelphia. 
 
 Fortunatus et ille, Deos qui novit agrestes, 
 Panaq ; Sylyanumq ; senem, Nymphasque sorores. 
 
 ALBANY : 
 
 PRINTED BY WEBSTEIIS AND SKINNERS, 
 vwvw 
 
 1814.
 
 ON THE 
 
 BOTANY OF THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 "T 
 
 JLN every country an accurate knowledge of its internal 
 resources, forms an object of political importance. But a 
 description of its natural productions is connected with the 
 interest of society at large, and eminently calculated to il- 
 lustrate those indications of goodness and intelligence, which 
 may be traced in every form of matter, from a particle of 
 earth to the wonderful construction of an organized and 
 sentient being."* 
 
 These sentiments should be felt by every well wisher of 
 science; and every enterprising and well disposed citizen, 
 will be willing to contribute, as far as he is able, to the in- 
 formation here contemplated. Under this conviction, I have 
 determined to address you this evening ON THE BOTANY OF 
 THE UNITED STATES. A subject which, considering our 
 peculiar and important advantages for its cultivation, has 
 been, I conceive, much neglected. I propose, first of all, 
 to call your attention to some of the advantages which we 
 possess for the study and improvement of Botany. 
 
 A country can scarcely be said to exist till the period of 
 its civilization. The savage, with a mind uninformed by 
 knowledge, and affected by no desires or emotions, but those 
 of immediate preservation and enjoyment, passes, with little 
 regard, the most important productions of nature. Even 
 those which by their novelty or usefulness have engaged his 
 attention to-day, will often be forgotten in the hurry of to- 
 morrow. Of Botany, he knows nothing. He has a slight 
 and imperfect acquaintance only with a few medicinal and 
 
 * Edinburgh Review.
 
 nutritive plants, and of these indeed, he has scarcely more 
 knowledge than that which is possessed by his wild associ- 
 ates, the beasts of the forest. Nature to him is a blank 
 All her endless varieties exist in vain. It is civilization 
 alone which opens the stores and discloses the mysteries of 
 creation, and enables man to appropriate to himself whatev- 
 er is necessary, useful and ornamental. Till the discovery 
 of America, therefore, by civilized Europe, the advantages 
 of our country for the study of Natural history in general, 
 and of Botany in particular, could not be appreciated. These 
 advantages, I have affirmed, are peculiar and important. 
 They are so, because in a new country all vegetation, being 
 in its original state, the Botanist is not perplexed in his in- 
 vestigations and discoveries, by those changes in the quali- 
 ties and the appearance of plants, which the culture and 
 the innovations of art always occasion. Add to this, the im- 
 portant circumstance, that the greater portion of our coun- 
 try is placed in that happy temperature of climate, where 
 vegetation is neither wholly checked by the severity of 
 northern blasts, nor its sources dried up by the too ardent 
 rays of the sun. It is true indeed that hybridous productions 
 are every where to be found,* and that a doubt may be sug- 
 gested whether all the sfietfes idantarum are not the effect 
 of changes produced by time ; and that the genera alone 
 were the immediate productions of the Creator. Be this 
 as it may, it is still certain, that a newly discovered country 
 affords far less varieties of this kind, than are found in re- 
 gions where the improvements of cultivation have been 
 introduced. 
 
 The moisture of the ground and the state of the atmos- 
 phere is not so much varied in America by a difference in 
 latitude as in the countries of the old world. From this 
 cause probably we witness that general and remarkable 
 abundance of herbs, shrubs and trees which distinguish the 
 different parts of this continent. There is certainly a lux- 
 
 * See Wildenow's Principles of Botany and also a Dissertation on 
 the Sexes gf Plants by Linnxus.
 
 uriance in the vegetation of North and South America which 
 is unequalled by any other portion of the globe. And as one 
 extremity of the United States is influenced by the severity 
 of polar cold and the other powerfully affected by equa- 
 torial heat, while the far greater part, as already remarked* 
 is found under temperate latitudes, we should expect what 
 we know to be the fact, that the variety of our plants would 
 be peculiarly great. But that we may the more clearly dis- 
 cover the advantages enjoyed in the United States for the 
 study and improvement of Botany, allotf me to present you 
 with a sketch, a little more distinct, of the face of the coun- 
 try, and of its soil and climate ; with a cursory notice of 
 some of the plants already known. 
 
 That vast chain of mountains which extends in a north 
 and south direction, across the United States, is the most 
 striking feature of the country. This great ridge is inter- 
 sected by many others, which, though comparatively small, 
 are, when separately taken, by no means inconsiderable. 
 These mountains are generally of the primitive formation. 
 
 The rivers which descend from these mountains, are an- 
 other striking characteristic. The St. Lawrence, the Hud- 
 son, the Susquehanna, Ohio, and Missisippi ; whether we 
 consider the length of their course, or the quantity of then- 
 water, may vie with any in the old world. 
 
 Our lakes are no less conspicuous and peculiar than our 
 rivers and mountains. Huron and Superior, Ontario and 
 Erie, are without rivals, and almost without resemblance, 
 in any other part of the globe. 
 
 Now it is lo be remembered that the banks of rivers, the 
 bases of mountains, and the margin of lakes, are always 
 sought after by the Botanist, as particularly favorable to his 
 researches. 
 
 The soil at the base of our mountains towards the Atlan- 
 tic, is generally composed of a rich mould, from two to four 
 feet in depth. Nearer the ocean a clay soil, mixed with 
 loom seems to predominate.* 
 
 * Rush's Medical Enquiries and Observations also Proud'6 Histo- 
 ry of Pennsylvania.
 
 8 
 
 That portion ofland, which forms the soil of most of the 
 states included between the sea and the ridge of hills which 
 extends westerly from the southern part of the state of New- 
 York, round the rivers Patapsco and James, to the Roanoak 
 in South-Carolina, is. generally loose in its texture and rich 
 in its composition. It was perhaps formed later than most 
 of the other country, being in many places manifestly allu- 
 vial, from the surrounding heights. This region of ground 
 is intersected by numerous streams of water, on the banks 
 of which a multitude of herbs and shrubs are found, that 
 were thought to grow only in the upland country. In other 
 parts of this tract, plants are seen which were supposed na- 
 tives only of the southern states. Thus in the lower parts 
 of New-Jersey, Euphorbia Ipecacuanha has lately been dis- 
 covered. 
 
 My purpose does not require a particular description of 
 the nature of the soil in every portion of the country. It is 
 sufficient to state that it is generally fertile. 
 
 Take now, in connexion with the statement just made, an 
 extract from Wildenow's Principles of Botany and Vegetable 
 Physiology. " We find (says he) that mountainous coun- 
 tries are richer in plants than flat countries, and that in prim- 
 itive mountains the number of plants exceeds that of the 
 floetz mountains. A country of primitive rocks has plants, 
 which other mountainous countries do not possess. In all 
 plains of the same latitude, however far they may extend, the . 
 same plants always occur; only with some little varieties 
 dependant on difference of soil. In primitive rocks, and at 
 their foot, we again meet with all the plants of flat countries. 
 Whenever primitive rocks surround a flat country, we find 
 all the plants of this at their root, and even at their summits ; 
 but after ascending, and descending on their opposite side, 
 we find a different vegetation, which again extends as far as 
 the next mountainous chain. Now, who will doubt that all 
 the plants of flat countries which were found at a later peri- 
 od, came from the high mountains ; and that the primitive 
 mountains of our globe, were the chief sources, as it were, of
 
 the floras of the different countries. Hence America is so 
 full of plants, because from the North Pole to the South* 
 high mountaineous chains, with numberless intermediate 
 branches, intersect it. Hence Canada produces different 
 plants from Pennsylvania, this again from Virginia, and this 
 again produces different from Carolina. Hence the North- 
 West coast of North America produces plants which totally 
 differ from those of the North-East coast."* 
 
 The influence of mountains, lakes and extensive forests, 
 on the climate of a country, is well ascertained ; and since 
 we are peculiar in all these respects, our climate will of 
 course be peculiar also. But it is impracticable to give 
 a description of all the peculiarities of our climate, produc- 
 ed by local circumstances. The general prevalence of cold, 
 however must not be unnoticed. Its power on the Western 
 continent is not confined by the limits of the frigid, or the 
 temperate zone. It even mitigates, by its influence, the ex- 
 cessive heat of the torrid zone. In the same parallels of 
 latitude, on the Eastern continent, winter is scarcely felt, 
 while in America its rigor is extreme. On the contrary, the 
 sultry plains of Asia, and the burning sands of the African 
 desert, have no counterparts in America. Our summer 
 months indeed are frequently warm,t but their warmth, like 
 the cold of winter, is not lasting. \ This influence of cold on 
 the American continent, with the frequency and violence of 
 our thunder storms, and the sudden change of air after them, 
 may be the causes why we abound more in biennial and pe- 
 rennial plants, than any other part of the globe. 
 
 It is at least the general opinion, that the weather of the 
 United States is more changeable, and less severe, than for- 
 merly ; occasioned by the diminution of forests, the drain- 
 ing of swamps, and the improvements of agriculture. If the 
 
 * Wildenow's Botany, 8tc. page 382 the English translation. 
 
 | In July 1812, lat. 42 1-2, Far. Thermometer stood at 96. 
 
 t See some interesting notices on this subject in vol. 2d of Robert- 
 son's History of America, and Pinkerton's Geog. 
 
 I am well informed that the late Dr Rittenhouse (a high author- 
 ity certainly) was decidedly opposed to this opinion. 
 
 B
 
 10 
 
 fuel be so, it will have at least a gradual influence on the 
 vegetation of the country.* 
 
 As the plants of this country, which are generally kno-vrn, 
 may be found in catalogues formed on purpose to embrace 
 them, I shall notice them but slightly and imperfectly, in 
 mentioning some vegetable productions for the illustration 
 of the point before us. 
 
 The forest trees in North America are almost beyond 
 number. Those which are already arranged and classified, 
 amount to more than one hundred and fifty species, while 
 in all Europe, botanists reckon but forty. t The Chesnut, the 
 Walnut, the Hickory and Gum, here grow to an enormous 
 bulk, and are nearly of every species. The Elm, the Pop- 
 lar, the Beech, the Maple and the mountain Ash, arc very 
 common ; and both for size and beauty are no where ex- 
 celled. Many varieties of the Oak are here profusely plant- 
 ed by the hand of nature. Our sandy tracts, unlike the 
 wastes of Zaara or Arabia, are quite productive. Here 
 flourishes the Pine in all its varieties, the Hemlock, Spruce 
 and Juniper, the Cedar, the Fir, and a species of the Larch. 
 
 Among the smaller plants may be found the Geranium, 
 Ceanthus,Gulthscria procumbens, Monarda, Cunilla and Soli- 
 dago Odona, most of which are frequently substituted for 
 tea. The Lobelia cardinalis, the Aster, Syringa, and many 
 beautiful species of the Lonicera or Honeysuckle, which 
 spread their flowery garlands from tree to tree. The Phlc- 
 um, Avena Elatior, Myosotis, Sinosurus, Aira, Briza, Draba, 
 and the far famed Agrostis The'Galium, the Sanguisorba, 
 the Quercitron Oak, the Sophora, and the Rhus Toxicoden- 
 dron, may be mentioned as some of our vegetable dyes. 
 
 * The number of swamps in the United Stales, and which 
 frequently occupy a large and valuable extent of country, might ea- 
 sily be converted into productive soil, by strewing lime over them 
 The putrid effluvia which they exhale is destroyed by this process, 
 and the decaying vegetable matter, is reduced to a solid fertile mould. 
 Linnaeus first suggested this plan, and in England many of the fens 
 and bogs are made to yield abundantly. The practice is the liming 
 fif swamps. 
 
 f Michaux Med. Repos.
 
 11 
 
 In the Southern States we find the lofty Palmetto, the 
 Papaw Fig, the great Magnolia, and the Mangrove tree, the 
 only shrubby plant that can flourish in salt water. 
 
 Mr. Pinkerton, when speaking of the Botany of this coun- 
 try, observes perhaps with more elegance than correctness, 
 that " the glories of the American Flora are principally con- 
 fined to Virginia and the Southern States. It ib here that 
 the unfading verdure of the wide savannas, the solemn mag- 
 nificence oi primeval forests, and the wild luxuriance of the 
 steaming swamps, offer to the astonished admiration of the 
 Botanist, every thing that by colour, by fragrance, or by form, 
 can delight the senses or fix the attention." In this part of 
 the country on the level of plains by the sides of the rivers, 
 grow " the Magnolia glauca or Beaver tree, American Olive, 
 and Gordonia Lasianthus, silvered over with fragrant blos- 
 soms, with numerous species of Azaiias, Kalmias, Rhodo- 
 dendrons, arranged by the hand of nature into thickets and 
 shrubberies, entwined and overarched by the crimson Grana- 
 dillasand the fantastic Clitoria,he.re display their inimitable 
 beauties in full perfection. The sides of the pools and the 
 shallow plashes, are adorned by the bright ccerulian flowers 
 of the Axia, the golden blossoms of the .Canna Lutea or the 
 rosy tufts of the Hydrangia, while the edges of the groves 
 and the dubious boundaries of the savannas, rising imper- 
 ceptibly towards the forests, are fringed by innumerable gay 
 varieties of the Phlox, by the shrinking Sensitive plant, the 
 irritable Dionaea, the glowing Amarillis Atamasco and the 
 impenetrable ranks of the Royal Palmetto. 
 
 The Botanist will find that many of the plants mentioned 
 by this florid writer, are met with in most of the other states. 
 
 Our mountainous ridges and our sea coast, are very pro- 
 lific in Cryptogamic vegetables. The Equisinum, the Os- 
 munda, Polypodium, Adianthum, Onoclea and Bryum, are 
 some of the ferns and mosses. The Lichen, Tremella, with 
 many species of Jungermania and Marchantia, are the sea 
 weeds or Algae, and the Boletus, Clavaria, and Lycoperdon, 
 are the Mushrooms or Fungi.
 
 12 
 
 But in addition to advantages which are peculiarly our 
 own, we have many in common with Europe. The affinity, 
 in some particulars of our climates, to those of Europe, gives 
 us most of their productions. It is owing, indeed, to this 
 circumstance, and to the easy and continual intercourse be- 
 tween the two continents, that it is sometimes difficult to 
 distinguish those plants, which are indigenous to our soil, 
 from those which are only naturalized, and which grow spon- 
 taneously after their adoption. The fact is worth observa- 
 tion, that some vegetables grow with more luxuriance, and 
 arrive at a greater apparent perfection, when removed to a 
 soil and climate, differing considerably from that in which 
 they were formed in their native state. Thus the potatoe 
 (Solanum tuberosum) in the year 1565, was first introduced 
 from this country into Ireland, and thence, by a fortunate 
 shipwreck, into Lancashire in England, in both of which pla- 
 ces it thrives better than in America.* If the agriculturist 
 would take advantage of such facts, many articles which at 
 present are imported might probably be made staple com- 
 modities. 
 
 Having now pointed your attention to some of the pecul- 
 iar advantages which we possess for botanical enquiries and 
 improvements, and noticed a little, the variety and abundance 
 of our vegetable productions, the remainder of this address 
 will be employed in remarks, more appropriate to this, occa- 
 sion : on a number of plants in our country, which claim par- 
 ticular attention from the agriculturist, the manufacturer, 
 the artist, and the physician. And you will please to re- 
 member that as practical utility, more than recondite sci- 
 ence, is the leading object of our society, I ought not to 
 hesitate to throw out a number of observations, and to in- 
 dulge in some diffuseness, which might otherwise be im- 
 proper. 
 
 As there are are many vegetable productions, which seem 
 
 * Those who wish to investigate this subject will find much infor- 
 mation in the Medical Repository, and in Dr. Muhlenberg's commu- 
 nication to the American Philosophical Society.
 
 13 
 
 
 
 naturally adapted to our country, and which have as yet re- 
 ceived but little attention, the labour of the farmer would 
 certainly be employed to the best advantage in the cultiva- 
 tion of them. Of these I shall notice a few. 
 
 The Sinapis or Mustard is a plant, which might yield no 
 trifling profit to the American cultivator. Small clusters of 
 it are seen growing in our fields and gardens ; but whether it 
 is a native of the country, or merely the fruit of chance, I am 
 not able to determine. In some catalogues, however, it is 
 marked as an exotic ; but our climate is congenial to its 
 habit, and almost every soil is adapted to its growth. A gen- 
 tleman from Orange county, in this state, has informed me, 
 that he collected from half an acre of but tolerable land, four- 
 teen bushels of the seed, which he believed equal in quality 
 to that of the Sinapis Arvensis, commonly known by the 
 name of Durham mustard. There are many species of this 
 herb, but it would be well for the cultivator to confine his 
 attention to the one just mentioned, the seed of which is more 
 abundant and of a better quality than in the other kinds. The 
 high price given for imported mustard, and the facility with 
 which it can be raised, induce a belief that farmers general- 
 ly might find their account in making it an article of culture 
 and traffic. 
 
 The curious and beautiful Candle Berry Myrtle (Myrica 
 Cxrifera) is very abundant in many parts of the United States. 
 The wax which this tree yields would amply compensate 
 the trouble of obtaining it. In Maryland, on the shores of 
 the Chesapeake, and near most of the streams which flow in- 
 to that bay, it is found in large quantities. It is also scat- 
 tered over this state growing in a wet soil, and very rarely 
 exceeding five or six feet in height. The plant, however, 
 is not confined to marshy grounds. I have seen it on up- 
 land in Connecticut, rising to the height of 10 or 12 feet. 
 This species indeed is rarely seen, and the berries are not so 
 abundant in this as in the other kinds.* In Louisiana there 
 
 * I rather think the Connecticut Myrtle wax tree is only a variety 
 of the species which is found in a wet soil.
 
 14 
 
 is another species of this tree as large as the Cherry, bear- 
 ing pointed leaves* (MyricaCaerifera Angustifolia); those of 
 the other being broader and more obtuse (Myrica Coerifera 
 Latifolia.)f In France the Myrtle is cultivated for its wax,! 
 which is prepared by simply boiling the berries in water ; 
 the wax rising to the top of the vessel. It is apt to be of 
 a pale green colour, which is not reckoned handsome. 
 This however may probably be remedied by throwing some 
 alkali into the boiling water, which will convert the wax 
 into a deep green. The experiment indeed I have not at- 
 tempted, but there can be no doubt of its success. By 
 chemical agents it is probable that almost any colour may 
 be given to this wax. From four pounds of the berries, one 
 pound of wax is obtained, superior in quality, and applica- 
 ble to all the purposes of bee's wax. Candles made of 'it 
 afford a clear white flame ; and if burned newly made, 
 they emit an agreeable, and it is said a salubrious odour. r- 
 Should the Myrtle wax excite proper attention it might be 
 highly advantageous to medicine as well as to the arts. 
 
 The Papaveror Poppyll for the variety of its species and 
 the richness of its colours is not exceeded by any of the 
 garden flowers. The petals both of the single and double 
 kind are ornamented with every shade of crimson, yellow 
 and purple ; and hence we find it prized in this country 
 more for its beauty than its inherent virtues. It begins 
 however to receive some attention for its medicinal qualities 
 in many parts of the country In our neighborhood, at 
 
 * Medica.1 Rcpos. vol. 12, p. 191. 
 
 | Two varieties of this tree are found at the Cape of Good Hope. 
 Barrow's Tour in Africa, p. 18, Am. ed. 
 
 * Medical Ilepos. vol. 12, p. 192. 
 
 For the medicinal qualities of the Myrtle \vax, see Barton's Col- 
 lections, part 2, p. 4 and for experiments on its analysis, Dr. Bos- 
 tick's Memoir in Nicholson's Journal, March, 1803 and for the 
 mode of propagating the tree and manufacturing 1 the wax, C. L. Ca- 
 det's Account, Nicholson's Jour. vol. 4th. 
 
 fl This article might perhaps witli more propriety be inserted in 
 the list of medical plants, bnt as an important agricultural object \ 
 luive thought proper to place it here.
 
 II 
 
 Niskemia and Lebanon, the Society of Shakers raise ths 
 Papaver Somniferum ; and they have supplied this city, for 
 a short time, with opium, some of which was little inferior 
 in quality to that imported from the Levant or the East-In- 
 dies. Dr. Rickertson, of DuVchess county in this state, 
 also cultivated the Poppy to advantage. From one plant 
 he procured seven grains of opium. A particular account 
 of his success will be found in the first volume of our 
 Transactions.* As far north as New- Hampshire, Dr. Spald- 
 ing, prepared this gum from the true Opium Poppy 
 (Papaver Album) and also from the common Poppy of the 
 garden. f These experiments are sufficient to prove the 
 readiness with which this plant may be raised, in almost 
 any part of the country, and the valuable addition it 
 would make to our domestic resources will not be ques- 
 tioned. 
 
 .Opium, which is the inspissated juice of the Poppy, is 
 gathered from the capsules, before, or at the time they are 
 fully ripe, by making four or five longitudinal incisions in 
 them, from the stalk of the plant upwards Care must be 
 taken not to penetrate the cavity of the seed vessels. ' 
 Opium may also be obtained by pounding the dried leaves, 
 stems and capsules, boiling them, when pulverised, in wa- 
 ter, and then evaporating and cleansing the mixture. | 
 
 Opium has also been extracted from the. common Let- 
 tuce, (Lactuca Sativa) simply by evaporating the juice of 
 the plant. Eight heads of full grown Lettuce yielded, in 
 one instance, seven drachms of Opium. Hops also contain 
 a large quantity of the narcotic principle, and the extrac-. 
 of Hops is now in use in some places as an anodyne. In- 
 deed we abound in every species of anodyne plants, and 
 the country physician, with a little care, might supply 
 himself with opiates from his o-.vn garden. 
 
 * Agricultural Transactions, vol. 1st, p. 264. 
 f Med. Repos. vol. 13 p 193 Archives, vol 2. p. 177. 
 4 For a particular account of this method of extracting 1 Op'um see 
 Archives of Knowledge, vol. 2nd, page 169.
 
 16 
 
 But I must observe that the Opium of the Poppy is not 
 the only benefit which its cultivation would afford From 
 the seeds an oil may be extracted as salubrious and agree- 
 able as the finest Florence oil The quantity of this oil 
 which is consumed, and the frequent difficulties which 
 attend its importation, would make the extraction of it from 
 the Poppy a lucrative employment.* I am glad to state 
 that in Pennsylvania some acres of ground are planted with 
 the Poppy for this purpose. As the quality of the Olive 
 oil is much affected by the acidity or richness of the soil in 
 which the plant grows, it would be well to notice these 
 circumstances in the cultivation of the Papaver.t- It is 
 hardly necessary to add that the opium and the oil may 
 both be extracted from the same plant. 
 
 Large quantities of Sugar are annually extracted from 
 the Maple tree, (Acer Sacharinum) in many parts of the Uni- 
 ted States; and the subject has already received the atten- 
 tion of some writers.-}: I shall therefore in this place notice 
 only the Sugar Cane, (Sacharum Omcinarum) this was 
 
 * There have been many doubts suggested respecting the whole- 
 some qualities of this oil but the question that it is not deleterious 
 is now settled See the Abbe Hosier's experiments, quoted in Ar- 
 chives, vol. 2, p. 176, 
 
 j- At Harmony, half a day's ride from Pittsburgh, (both places 
 objects of very great interest) the settlers, use oil expressed from 
 the poppy seed, exclusively, in lieu of olive oil for sallads, &c. It is 
 nearly, if not quite equally good. This oil is becoming common in 
 Europe as a substitute for olive oil. The poppy seed, may be eaten 
 with impunity when ripe. I do not see why its use should be con- 
 fined to the settlement of Harmony. The Ben, Bene, or Benni Seed 
 common in the Carolinas, can furnish, as I am informed, oil enough 
 to supply the United States at a cheap rate I have eaten the oil of 
 the Ben or Behen nut in England, and I find no difference between it, 
 and the olive oil. Why should this last be imported ? But I doubt 
 whether the Ben or Behen nut be the same with the Benni seed. I 
 suspect this last to be the Sesamum ,- but I have never seen it. The 
 Behen nut, Glans unguentarius, Balenos mnrepsiki, is the fruit of the 
 Gnilandina Moringa. The oil is prepared in the Levant, in Egypt, 
 in Syria, and in Italy, by expression. It is valuable for its purity, 
 and its freedom from smell and taste, and for its property of remain- 
 ing long without alteration or rancidity, which makes it extremely 
 valuable in pharmaceutical preparations. Bees' Encyclopedia. 
 
 \ See American Philo. Trans, for an important paper on the Maple 
 tree By Dr. B. Rush.
 
 If 
 
 introduced into Georgia a few years since and has been 
 found to grow there in great perfection.* The sacharine 
 matter of the Georgia cane is quite as rich and plentiful as 
 that from the cane of the West-Indies. It is supposed 
 that most of the land in that state near the coast, south of 
 Sunbury, may be converted into sugar plantations ; and 
 since it is pretty well ascertained that more cotton is raised 
 than the manufactories of that article consume, the sugar 
 cane might be advantageously substituted for it.f The 
 interests of humanity, however, would not be advanced 
 by the exchange, as they employ more slaves to make the 
 sugar than to cultivate the cotton. 
 
 The Florin Grass, or Agrostis Stolonifera, is a native of 
 the United States.! Our fellow member, Charles Whitlow, 
 first discovered it in Sussex county, New-Jersey, and after- 
 wards on the margin of the Genesee river It grows also 
 in great profusion on the island below this city. Dr. 
 Mease mentions that he found it on the commons of 
 Philadelphia. This I believe to be incorrect. It is the Agros- 
 tis Capillaris,^ and not the Stolonifera, which is seen in that 
 place. 
 
 The Fiorin Grass has excited much attention in this 
 country, since the introduction of Merino Sheep; these 
 animals being remarkably fond of it, and the grass, from its 
 succulent qualities, being well adapted for their fodder 
 Indeed most cattle prefer it as food to the other grasses ; 
 and it is particularly proper for cows, as it is said to increase 
 the quantity and to improve the quality of their milk. 
 
 The advantages in agriculture of the Agrostis are of no 
 
 * Medical Repos. vol. 12, p. 192. 
 
 f Dr. Mease recommends the raising 1 of the papaver in room of the 
 cotton. 
 
 * There are six species of the Agrostis mentioned by Dr. Muhlen- 
 berg as natives of this country, two of these are new species the 
 Capillaris is among the number but not the Stolonifera See Muh 
 lenberg's Florae Lancastriensis in American Philoso. Trans, vol. 3, 
 p. 160. 
 
 On this island is found the Avena elatior and in the small com- 
 pass of 6 feet I have seen 6 or 8 different species of grass, 
 fl Archives of Useful Knowledge, vol. 2, p. 278. 
 C
 
 18 
 
 recent date. There is a Species of it called Durva, grow- 
 ing in the North of India, which for a long time has been 
 very greatly prized. Sir William Jones in his catalogue 
 of Indian plants, when speaking of this, observes " its 
 flowers in their perfect state are among the loveliest objects 
 in the vegetable 'world, and appear through a tens like mi- 
 nute rubies and emeralds, in constant motion from the least 
 breath of air It is the sweetest and most nutritious pas- 
 ture for cattle, and its usefulness, added to its beauty, 
 induced the Hindu's in their earliest ages, to believe it the 
 mansion of a benevolent nymph. Even the Veda (or holy 
 and immortal book) celebrates it in the following text from 
 the Athervaha.* " May Durva which rose from the water 
 of life, which has a hundred roots and a hundred stems, 
 efface a. hundred of my sins and prolong my existence on 
 fcarth a hundred years."f 
 
 Among the many superior qualities of the Fiorio Grass 
 are tire following Its active principle of life, which is not 
 destroyed by the operations of nature fatal to other grasses 
 It thrives equally well in a moist, a dry, and a shallow 
 Soil It appears little affected by the influence of the sUn 
 Hence it may be found growing near the north side of a 
 'wall It is regardless alike of the severe cold of winter, 
 and the intense heat of summer Its crops are enormous 
 and double, both crops, in one instance, amounted to nearly 
 eight tons and a half per acre,^ and in another ten tons 
 were gathered. 
 
 The propagation, culture and properties of the Fiorin 
 Grass have been unhappily exaggerated by the lovers of 
 new improvements ; who, not satisfied with advantages 
 which are really peculiar, attribute to this herb every fan- 
 cied desideratum Yet, after making sufficient allowances, 
 on this score, the Fiorin Grass has unquestionably many 
 
 * The fourth great division of the Veda, 
 f Quarterly Review, vol. 1st, p. 307. 
 
 * Archives of Knowledge, vol. 2, p. 27& 
 See Edinburgh Farmer's Magazine.
 
 19 
 
 excellencies, which ought to give it the highest standing in 
 this class of vegetables. 
 
 The sea weeds which are seen in such quantities along 
 our coasts, might be turned to great account ; and this por- 
 tion of our territory which has been resigned to hofrtlets 
 sterility, may thus be rendered productive.* Every rock 
 and island near the Atlantic is covered with the Cryptogamia 
 Algae, which by calcination is converted into kelp a salt es- 
 teemed at a much higher rate than the pearl ash in its pur- 
 est forna.t Kelp ia employed in the manufacture of glass, 
 alum and hard soap. The only use made of the sea weed 
 at present is for manure, which is scattered loosely over the 
 ground, just in the state in which it is taken from the sea 
 shore after a storm. 
 
 Barrilla which is made in the same manner as kelp, and 
 employed for the same purposes, is procured from the Cryp- 
 togamiaFilices or ferns,which grow not only along the coast 
 but in the upland country. The state of New-Jersey is 
 noted for the production of them. 
 
 Kelp and Barrilla are made by burning the plants in kilns, 
 so that no air can approach them during their calcination. $ 
 It is somewhat singular that these articles have not been 
 made the subject of commerce by the enterprising people 
 of New-England. 
 
 The Urtica Whitlowi, discovered in the year 1810, by 
 Mr. Whitlow, promises to be a better and more lucrative 
 production than hemp or flax. Dr. Muhlenberg gave this 
 important plant its present name in compliment to the dis- 
 coverer. It is found in great abundance on the island be- 
 low this city a place perhaps more ferule in plants, than 
 any other, of equal dimensions, in the United States. 
 
 The fact is now well established, that the culture of hemp 
 offers a greater profit to the farmer, than if he should em- 
 ploy his time, his labour, and his field in any other manner 
 
 * Se National Arithmetic, or Observation* on the Finances of 
 Massachusetts, chap. 5th. 
 -j- Tucker on Commerce. 
 r Chambers on Glass and Soap Making-.
 
 20 
 
 heretofore known but if the Urtica has a finer and strong- 
 er fibre, and will produce more on a given portion of land, 
 it will eventually supercede the hemp. 
 
 The soil best adapted to the Urtica is wet meadow land ; 
 and it will thrive in ground covered with water many months 
 in the year. It grows also to advantage in a rich, moistj 
 upland loom. It can be raised from the seed or root, as it is 
 a hardy perennial. The seed should be planted in the 
 spring, and the roots in the fall months. If the fibre is 
 wanted for the finest fabrics, the plant should be cut while 
 in full flower ; but if only for common use, it will yield more 
 by standing till completely ripe. After being cradledj 
 which is the most proper way to cut it, the stalk should be 
 suffered to lie on the ground some days, as the stinging 
 quality which is peculiar to the growing nettle, is thus re- 
 moved. The Urtica is rotted in the same manner as hemp, 
 only it requires a longer time for the purpose : But it is not 
 affected by the inclemency of the weather. 
 
 The legislature of this state at their last session incorpo- 
 rated a company for the manufacture of this plant, and the 
 United States have granted a patent to Mr. Whitlow for its 
 discovery.* 
 
 While on the subject of vegetable fibre, it is proper 
 to mention the Asclepiasf and the Apocynum Cannabi- 
 num, both of which grow very luxuriantly on the isl- 
 and in our neighborhood, already mentioned. The fibres 
 of these plants are very strong and very numerous ; and 
 may, with little trouble, be converted to many domestic 
 purposes. For coarse cordage or family cloth it can be 
 used almost in the state in which it is taken .from the stalk. 
 The common Asclepias, or Milkweed, may be employed for 
 
 * For many interesting particulars respecting the cultivation of this 
 valuable nettle, examine a paper published by the corporation of the 
 city of New-York, and the Baltimore Medical and Philosophical Ly- 
 ceum. 
 
 f Two new species of Asclepias were discovered in this state last 
 summer by Mr. Whitlow, and a patent has been taken from the, office 
 for the munufiicture of the staple.
 
 21 
 
 the purposes just mentioned ; but there is a newly discov- 
 ered species having much smaller leaves than the other, 
 and growing nearly in the same plenty, which will be found 
 to answer better.* The silk or cotton taken from the pods 
 <?f the Asclepias when ripe, has been manufactured into 
 hats, and has also been spuu into yarn of which cloth has 
 been made, which vies with silk in lustre. t 
 
 The advantages ol'introducing into this country the culti- 
 vation of the Vine have been frequently and strikingly ex- 
 hibited. I shall only mention that a colony of enterprising 
 Swiss, who settled in the Indiana Territory, have plant- 
 ed vineyards of the Bordeaux, Madeira and other grapes ; 
 and they have sent from their wine presses last season large 
 quantities of claret, not inferior to that imported from France. 
 By an advertisement in a newspaper published at Cincinna- 
 ti, in the state of Ohio, it appears that a merchant of that 
 JNace has a large supply of this red wine for sale ; and that 
 a quantity of Madeira is expected from the vineyards to 
 which I have referred. J 
 
 Though not critically proper in a discussion on "botany, I 
 may be allowed the liberty of introducing in this place a 
 few observations on some colouring vegetables. The late 
 discovery of the Zanthorrhiza tinctoria in the United States 
 promises to be extensively useful. This shrub is found on 
 the Alleghany ridge from Virginia to Georgia, and it prob- 
 ably may be found on most of the upland country. The ex- 
 tract or even decoction of the whole plant, forms a fine yel- 
 low dye, which may be varied by saturation or dilution, from 
 the brightest straw colour to the deepest orange. In com- 
 bination with indigo or most other blues, all the different 
 shades of green may be produced. The stain which it 
 makes on cloth is not apt to fade or wear off, and it may 
 
 * This Asclepias has been sent to Dr. Muhlenberg for a name. 
 
 fin France this cotton is known by the name of Virginia silk, and 
 coverlets, stockings and gloves are made of it. 
 
 t See Columbian, by Albany Register, July 18th, 1813. 
 
 Anew species of cluster gooseberry grows on the Alleghany ridge, 
 Ifhich yields a. wine nearly equal to that from the grape.
 
 22 
 
 also be applied without using any mordant. Specimens of 
 cloth dyed with the Zanthorrhiza were shewn to the society 
 last winter. This plant also possesses many medical vir- 
 tues.* 
 
 Isatis Tinctoria, or Woad, is well known as a blue, and 
 still better as the basis of black. The colouring matter Is 
 obtained from the leaves. This plant can be raised here 
 with little trouble, and in great abundance. In the neigh- 
 borhood of this city there are some fields planted with it. 
 The Isatis, in conjunction with the Zanthorrhiza, gives us 
 the three principal dyes in colour making. 
 
 The Galium Tinctorium is also one of our native plants. 
 It flourishes most in places sheltered from the sun, and 
 where the ground is rather moist. This plant so nearly re- 
 sembles the Madder (Rubia Tinctorium) in its botanical 
 character, as well as in its colouring properties, that some 
 writers have given it the name of Rubia Americana. The 
 Galium is employed by the inhabitants of Jura, one of the 
 Hebrides,! as a red dye, and it is perhaps equal to the rich 
 red of the Rubia itself. Upon turning over the pages of our 
 transactions, I find that the Galium has already received 
 your attention and patronage4 The true Rubia was raised 
 last summer at Pittstield by Mr. E. Watson, who will, I un- 
 derstand, read you in the course of the winter a paper on 
 this article. The Rubia has for a long time been raised in 
 Connecticut, but only in gardens. I understand the Sha- 
 kers have also planted it 
 
 * See Barton's Collections, part 2, ps, 11, 12, and 13. 
 
 f Encyclopaedia Britannica, article Jura. 
 
 I Agricultural Trans, vol. 1st, p. 367. 
 
 $ The following directions for raising Madder, may be useful, 
 they are copied from the Emporium of Arts, vol. 4th, No. 2, p. 
 325. 
 
 " This plant may be propogated either by offsets or seeds ; if 
 the latter method is preferred, the seed should be of the true 
 Turkish kind, which is called lizari in the Levant. On a light 
 thin sort the culture cannot be carried on to any degree of profit, 
 that soil in which the plant delight* is a rich sandy loam, being
 
 23 
 
 The Cochineal plant (Cactus Cochinelifer) has been dis- 
 covered in South-Carolina, where it can be cultivated to 
 any extent. We may therefore reasonably hope that the 
 invaluable dye extracted from the insect which gives this 
 plant its name, and which always accompanies it, will speed- 
 ily be numbered among our staple productions.! 
 
 The juice of the common Pokeberry (Phytolacca Decan- 
 dra) has lately been added to the list of permanent vegeta- 
 ble dyes. Dr. Adam Seybert of Philadelphia, was the first 
 who succeeded in fixing this colour, which can be changed 
 from the brightest crimson to a red little inferior to scarlet. 
 It is expected from the further discoveries which are likely 
 
 three feet or more in depth. The ground being first made smooth 
 is divided into beds four feet wide, with alternate alleys, half as 
 wide again as the beds ; the reason of this extraordinary breadth 
 of the alleys will appear presently. In each alley is to be a shal- 
 low channel for the convenience of irrigating the whole field, &c. 
 that part of the alley which is not otherwise occupied may be 
 sown with legumes. 
 
 " The Madder seed is sown broad cast in the proportion of 
 from 25 to 30 Ibs. per acre, about the end of April. Jn a fort- 
 night or three weeks the young plants begin to appear, and from 
 this time to the month of September, care must be taken to keep 
 the ground well watered and free from weeds ; if the plants are 
 examined in autumn they will be found surrounded with small 
 yellow offsets, at the depth of two inches ; and early in Septem- 
 ber the earth from the alleys is to be dug out, and laid over the 
 plants of madder to the heights of two or three feet, with this 
 the first year's operation finishes. The second year's work be- 
 gins in May, with giving the beds a thorough weeding, and care 
 must be taken to supply them with plenty of water during the 
 summer; in September the fii'st crop of seed will be ripe, at 
 whicli time the stems of the plants may be mown down, and the 
 roots covered a few inches with earth taken as before out of the 
 alleys. The weeding should take place as early as possible in 
 the spring of the third year, aud the crop, instead of being left 
 for seed, may be cut three times during summer for green fod u 
 der, all kinds of cattle being remarkably fond of it. In Octo- 
 ber the roots are taken up, the offsets carefully separated and 
 immediately used to form a new plantation, and the roots, after 
 being dried, are sold, either without further preparation, or 
 grouHd to a coarse powder and sprinkled with an alkaline ley. 
 The roots lose four- fifths of their weight in drying, and the pro- 
 duce of an acre is about two thousand pouads weight of dry sale- 
 able madder." 
 
 f Archives of Knowl. vol. 1st, 257-
 
 24 
 
 to be made on this colour, that the Cochineal which is so ex- 
 pensive, may be generally dispensed with.* 
 
 The Quercitron, a species of Oak, and native of this coun- 
 try only, has long been esteemed for producing a yellow 
 dye. Dr. Bancroft, who first carried it to Europe, received 
 a patent from the English government for its introduction 
 there, and acquired a large fortune by the enterprise. The 
 pulverised bark was the state in which the Quercitron was 
 imported and used But works are now erected at Fitch- 
 burgh, in Massachusetts, for obtaining the extract of the 
 Quercitron, by a new process ; which contains the virtues 
 of the bark in substance in a very condensed state. One 
 pound of this extract affords as much colouring matter as fif- 
 teen or twenty pounds of the pulverised bark.f 
 
 As we abound in Cryptogamic plants, I must not pass 
 them wholly unnoticed when speaking of dyes. Both moss- 
 es and mushrooms have been made to produce, in union 
 with other substances, beautiful colours of red and of violet 
 hues. In Sweden they stain woollen cloth with their moss- 
 es.| In France the mountains of Auvergne supply a moss 
 containing a colour little inferior to the splendid purple ex- 
 tracted from the Archil or Roella of the Canary Islands ; 
 and in the Highlands! of Scotland there are mosses found 
 which yield the same beautiful tinctures. These examples 
 ought to stimulate us to inquiries and investigations on these 
 subjects, which probably would be rewarded with complete 
 success. 
 
 The art of dyeing is in its second infancy ; but we may 
 hope that, like the fabled eagle of the ancients, this renewed 
 youth will be only the precursor of a more vigorous maturi- 
 ty. The attention of a few scientific men to the subject 
 would bid fair to realize the prospect. The ancients held 
 
 * See Aurora, October 5th, 1813. 
 
 f See Literary and Philos. Repos.for Nov. and Decem. 1812, p. 148. 
 
 * Kalm. 
 
 $ Encyclop. Britannica Archil and Colour making, No. 49. 
 H Ibid, with Archil,
 
 25 
 
 this art in the greatest estimation, and it is to be lamented 
 that although we have increased the variety of colours, we 
 are yet unable to give them that durability which they arc 
 known to have once possessed, and which forms their prin- 
 cipal value. The mode of making the Tyrian dye or ancient 
 royal purple, has been long lost. But if the cloth coloured 
 by it could have been preserved, and what is told of it be 
 true, the stain might have been as lasting as the story of its 
 discovery. 
 
 The medicinal qualities of plants is an important and in- 
 teresting subject of investigation, and it is surprising that 
 the spirit of research and discovery, so remarkable in our 
 countrymen, should not have been more operative on this 
 subject. The flower which is now heedlessly trampled un- 
 der foot, may possess virtues for the relief of many maladies, 
 which, from our ignorance of its properties, we are unable 
 to cure : And when it is recollected that plants which dif- 
 fer widely from each other in habits of life, and in internal 
 structure, have been found to produce the same results,* it 
 may be confidently expected that a period will arrive when 
 our own country will furnish us, with most of the medicines 
 which are now imported. Already many plants which were 
 noticed as desiderata for American cultivation, andf which, 
 twenty years ago were esteemed' exotics, are now found 
 growing in our fields and forests. The new and rapid im- 
 provements which are making in the Materia Medica, flatter 
 us with a hope that Pharmacy will soon banish from her list, 
 most of her mineral applications, those banes, too often, of 
 the health and constitution, which like the Vampyres of Java 
 eventually destroy the blood, while they lull, in present se- 
 curity, the unsuspecting victim. 
 
 In this place I shall mention a few native medicinal plants, 
 some of which have not been publicly noticed. 
 
 The Aristolochia Serpentaria, or Virginia Snake Root, to- 
 
 * Homberg produced the same principle from Cabbage as from 
 Hemlock. Edin. Rev. No. 13. 
 f American Philos. Trans, vol. p. 325 to 380. 
 
 D
 
 26 
 
 gether with many of the same species, have been long known 
 among us as astringents and tonics. But a new plant, 
 which may be called Serpentaria Alba, or white Snake Root, 
 is much to be preferred to the others ; as it possesses all 
 their virtues in the highest degree. The farmers of New- 
 Jersey esteem it greatly as a cure for the ague ; and it 
 abounds most in the vicinity of marshes, where the miasma 
 which occasions this complaint prevails. But it is remark- 
 able that a dry soil is required for its peculiar habit. The 
 efficacy of the Serpentaria is said to be superior to the Cin- 
 chona, or Peruvian Bark in its febrifuge qualities. I cannot 
 forbear just to notice here a witticism on this subject by 
 Voltaire, whose reputation stands higher in matters of fan- 
 cy, than in matters of fact, and who is commonly unhappy 
 when he touches on a moral subject. He takes occasion in 
 speaking of the Peruvian bark, to combat the idea that the 
 bounty of Providence is apparent in providing a remedy for 
 diseases in the neighborhoods which produce them. He 
 observes, in his Philosophical Dictionary, that the Peruvian 
 Bark is found, in one quarter of the globe, while the disease 
 which it cures is discovered in another. But as the bark is 
 used in many complaints, his remark is wholly irrelavent, 
 unless he could have shewn that it was of no special benefit 
 where discovered. Now if general and uncomradicted tra- 
 dition is to be believed, the medical qualities of the Cincho- 
 na were first learned by observing certain animals, affected 
 by intermittent*, instinctively led to the plant itself, or to 
 ponds of water impregnated with its juice.* Be this howev- 
 er as it may, we certainly find in the Serpentaria a new proof 
 of the old doctrine, that the remedy is usually found on the 
 spot which produces the disease. 
 
 The Maculata Virginiensis, a newly discovered plant, has 
 been found a most efficacious remedy in epileptic affections, 
 and (or this purpose it is much employed by the Indians. 
 
 The Maranta Arundinacea, or Arrow Root, (called so by 
 
 * Darwin's Botanic Garden, P. 2, p. 60.
 
 27 
 
 the Indians, who heal with its juice wounds inflicted by poi- 
 sonous arrows) was formerly thought a native only of South 
 America. But it is now discovered in the West-Indies and 
 I believe in Georgia. It is highly valued as an antidote to 
 animal poison. The bite of the Scolopendra or Centum Pes, 
 which is almost as venomous as the sting ot a scorpion, 
 has often been cured by the application of the Maranta, 
 which flourishes most where these noxious insects abound. 
 It also effectually counteracts the fatal effects of the deadly 
 nightshade (Atropa Belladona) which is perhaps the most 
 powerful of the vegetable venoms. Six slaves in the 
 West Indies swallowed some spirits fromabotlle which had 
 been stopped with the leaves of the deadly nightshade. 
 Four of them died shortly after, by the effects of the poison. 
 The remaining two were saved by applying liberally the 
 juice of the Maranta Arundinaceu. The efncacy of this 
 plant in removing the baneful consequences of the animal 
 and vegetable poison, seerns to indicate thnt the malignan- 
 cy of mineral poison might also be opposed by its adminis- 
 tration. The experiment is certainly worth a trial. The 
 juice of the young plant is the antidote. The ferenaceous 
 qualities of the arrow root when mature, are sufficiently 
 known. 
 
 The bark of the White W r alnut, or Butternut, has been 
 used for the cure of bites from venomous serpents ;* and 
 an extract from it, made by simple boiling, is known to be 
 among the best cathartic medicines. The Scutellaria, or 
 Skull Cap, Las lately obtained much reputation as a remedy, 
 or preventure, of cannine madness. The authority on which 
 Tnany of the cures are believed to be real, cannot be ques- 
 tioned ; and the frequent occurrence of the hydrophobia, 
 during the summer months, entitle such a specific to much 
 attention The Sutellaria grows plentifully in this state, and 
 it flowers in July and August. 
 
 The Seneka snake root (Polygala Senega) is found in the 
 
 * Barton's Collec. vol. 2, p. 2->.
 
 28 
 
 highlands between this place and Schoharie. The Indians 
 are said to cure the bite of the Rattlesnake with this root, 
 and they were perhaps first induced to use it, by the striking 
 resemblance which it bears to the rattles of this dreadful 
 animal. There is a great demand for it in medicine, and its 
 discovery in our neighbourhood will be important. 
 
 The Delphinium Consolida, or common Larkspur, has been 
 found to possess many useful qualities, and it may be used 
 in some instances for the Digitalis Purpuria, or Foxglove,* 
 a medicine in some cases indispensable ; and the effects of 
 which notwithstanding, on the vision, are equally distressing 
 and wonderful. The imagination of the patient, also, both 
 in his sleeping and wakeful hours, is powerfully affected 
 by it. 
 
 The headlong precipice that thwarts the flight, 
 The trackless desert, the cold starless night, 
 And stern-eyed JWurder with his knife behind, 
 In dread succession agonize the mind. 
 
 To relieve us from these consequences of the Digitalis, we 
 have a hope in the Delphinium. A tincture made of the 
 bruised seeds has been the mode of its preparation. f 
 
 The Columbo root was discovered in the western part of 
 this state last summer, by Mr. Whitlow. Willdenow sup- 
 poses it to belong to a species of the Bryonia. This how- 
 ever is doubtful. A technical name, it is known,, will short- 
 ly be given to the plant. Its present appellation is from Co- 
 lumbo, a town in Ceylon from whence all India is supplied. 
 It grows also in Africa,! and forms an important article of 
 commerce with the Portuguese at Mozambique. Its use 
 and importance in medicine is fully established, and it has 
 hitherto been the subject of regret, that the irregularity at- 
 tending its importation, has obliged practitioners often to 
 exhibit it in a decayed state, owing to long keeping. 
 
 * See Medical Repos. Hex. Ill, vol. 2. p. 232, for a particular ac- 
 count of this important plant. 
 
 t See Dr. A. Blanchard's communication to the New-England Med. 
 and Surg. Journal, vol. 2, p. 248. 
 
 } Duncan's Dispensatory, p. 203.
 
 29 
 
 The Actaea Spicata, marked as peculiar to Britain iij 
 Bonn's Catalogue, is found at the base of Schooley's moun- 
 tain, and in many other places. The Actasa Racemosa and 
 Alba are frequently met with. The berries of the Actaea 
 Spicata are poisonous. Toads are said to resort to this 
 plant, owing to some congenial effluvia they exhale from it. 
 The vulgar antipathy to these animals may have arisen from 
 this circumstance. The root of Actaea is the medicine.* 
 
 This short list of medicinal plants might be greatly en- 
 larged ; but neither the limits nor the design of this address 
 permit me farther to expatiate. I understand that Mr. 
 Frederick Pursh, the botanist, who made one of the expedi- 
 tion up the Missouri under the command of the unfortunate 
 Lewis, is about publishing in London, under a liberal pat- 
 ronage, a full account of the valuable and extensive addi- 
 tions which were then made to the Materia Mcdica. Anoth- 
 er work, comprising the discoveries since that period, is 
 contemplated in this country. These, with Dr. Barton's 
 Collections, will furnish us with a tolerable view of the sub- 
 ject. 
 
 Respecting ornamental flowers, the properties of which 
 have not yet been developed, I shall only say, that the florist 
 tvould find, in many of our wild plants, colours richer and 
 more numerous, and fragrance more delightful, than in many 
 which have already been introduced into the hot house and 
 garden. 
 
 I conclude with recommending the employment of a 
 skilful botanist to explore the unfrequented parts of our 
 state, and particularly those portions of it considered un- 
 healthy ; as a greater number of plants, and those of the 
 most useful kind, are found in such places, than elsewhere. 
 Tours of this nature are by no means unfrequent, and while 
 Americans have neglected the botanical examination of their 
 country, foreigners have immortalised themselves by doing 
 it. From England we have had Raleigh and Catesby, Fra- 
 
 * Dorm's Ilortus Cantabrigiensis, p. 100.
 
 30 
 
 sier, Squibb, Lewis, and Walter; from Sweden, Professor 
 Kalm, a pupil of Linnaeus and collector for him ; from Ger- 
 many, Fursling and Pursh ; France has sent us Michaux 
 and Volney, and Prussia, Baron Humboldt and King. To 
 these indeed many other names might be added ; but among 
 them all there is not one of our own countrymen no one 
 who has received our patronage or encouragement. If you 
 are unwilling to engage a botanist for this purpose, let eve- 
 ry member who is at all acquainted with the subject, en- 
 gage to occupy himself in multiplying the number of local 
 Floras ; and we may thus, perhaps, obtain the vegetable 
 contents of the state. Should this plan be adopted, each in- 
 dividual engaging should undertake to survey a district con- 
 tiguous to his residence, with special and minute investiga- 
 tion. The nomenclature and classification of the vegetable 
 tribes are now reduced to such a systematic form, that any 
 discovery may be registered with the greatest ease and pre- 
 cision. If this method should be pursued with industry 
 and skill, we might soon reverse, in regard to this region of 
 our country, the position of the poet, and say 
 
 Not " many a flower is born to blush unseen, 
 And waste its sweetness on the desert air."
 
 Catalogue of Plants 
 
 INDIGENOUS TO THE 
 
 STATE OF MEW-YORK. 
 
 Communicated to the Society, February 23d, 1814.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 T. 
 
 HE following Catalogue includes only the plants, which- 
 have been collected by Messrs. Le Conte, Pursh, Eddy, 
 Whitlow, Edmonston, Beck, and myself it might have been 
 enlarged by the addition of some other genera and species 
 which have been naturalized and now grow spontaneously 
 but I thought it would be more proper to confine the 
 list to those which are indigenous. It will be found that 
 but a very few of the Cryptogamous tribes are here in- 
 serted on some future occasion it is proposed to treat of 
 this class more at large. 
 
 Where I have been unable to find in the lists already pub- 
 lished, an English name for the Latin Systematick name, 
 I have supplied it. Many inaccuracies will no doubt be 
 found in the present catalogue, but it is hoped they are 
 such as may be easily rectified by the botanist. . 
 
 JACOB GREEN.
 
 
 ooo -.::- ooo < 
 
 Ait. 
 
 Alton. 
 
 Link. 
 
 Lamarck. 
 
 Auct. 
 
 Auctores 
 
 VHer. 
 
 1'Heritier. 
 
 Bant. 
 
 Bartram. 
 
 Lys. 
 
 Lyons. 
 
 Curt. 
 
 Curtis. 
 
 Mich. 
 
 Michaux. 
 
 Cav. 
 
 Cavinille. 
 
 Mich.f. 
 
 Michaux filius. 
 
 Desf. 
 
 Desfontaines. 
 
 M<ench. 
 
 Moenchausen. 
 
 Don. 
 
 Donn. 
 
 Muhl. 
 
 Muhlenberg. 
 
 Ehrt. 
 
 Ehrhardt. 
 
 Pers. 
 
 Persoon. 
 
 Ed. 
 
 Eddy. 
 
 Sal. 
 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Fras. 
 
 Fraser. 
 
 Swz. 
 
 Swartz. 
 
 Frcel. 
 
 Froelich 
 
 Walt. 
 
 Walter. 
 
 G&rt. 
 
 Gartner. 
 
 Wang. 
 
 VVaugenheim. 
 
 Hediv. 
 
 Hedwig. 
 
 mud. 
 
 Willdenow. 
 
 H. P. 
 
 Hortus Parisiensis. 
 
 M S. 
 
 New Species. 
 
 Le Con. 
 
 Le Conte. 
 
 Var. 
 
 Variety. 
 
 L. 
 
 Linnrcus. 
 

 
 CATALOGUE, $c. 
 
 Scientific Name. 
 
 ACER 
 
 1 coccineum 
 
 2 dasycarpum Ehrt. 
 
 3 flavum. N. S. 
 
 4 montanum 
 
 5 negundo 
 
 6 rubrum 
 
 7 saccharinum 
 
 8 striatum 
 
 9 do. Var. 
 ACHILL^A 
 
 millefolium 
 ACORUS 
 
 calamus 
 
 ACT.EA 
 
 1 americana N. 5. 
 
 2 alba. 
 
 3 coerulea 
 
 4 racemosa 
 
 5 rubra 
 
 6 spicata 
 ADIANTUM 
 
 pedatum 
 ADONIS 
 
 autiimnalis 
 
 AGARICUS 
 
 campestris 
 AGRIMONIA 
 
 eupatoria Var. 
 AGROSTEMMA 
 
 githago . > 
 
 githagosegctum Deaf, 5 
 
 English Name. 
 
 MAPLE 
 
 1 scarlet 
 
 2 silver leaved (white) 
 
 3 yellow 
 
 4 mountain 
 
 5 ash leaved (box elder) 
 
 6 scarlet, white, red, soft 
 
 7 sugar maple 
 
 8 striped maple 
 moose-wood 
 
 YARROW 
 
 milfoil 
 SWEET FLAG 
 
 common 
 
 aromatic, calamus 
 BANE BERRY 
 
 1 American 
 
 2 white 
 
 3 blue 
 
 4 black snake root 
 
 5 red 
 
 6 common, coral am 
 MAIDEN HAIR 
 
 Canadian 
 ADONIS 
 
 autumnal 
 
 pheasant's eye 
 AGARICUS 
 
 AGRIMONY 
 
 common 
 ROSE CAMPION 
 
 corn cockle
 
 3G 
 
 AGROSTIS 
 
 1 decumbens 
 
 2 filiformis 
 
 3 stricta 
 
 4 stplonifera 
 AIRA 
 
 1 melicoides Mich. 
 '-2 obtusata' Mich. 
 ALETRIS 
 
 1 farinosa ) 
 alba Mich\ 
 
 2 aurea Mich. 
 ALISMA 
 
 plantago 
 ALLIUM 
 
 1 canadense 
 
 2 cernuum 
 
 3 tricoccum 
 ALNUS 
 
 1 incana (glauca) 
 
 2 serrulata 
 ALSINE 
 
 media 
 AMARANTHUS 
 
 1 livid us 
 
 2 oleraceus 
 AMPELOPSIS 
 
 1 hirsuta Lys. 
 
 2 quinquefolia 
 hedera quinquefolia 
 cissus hederacea.Pt'? 
 
 ANAGALLIS 
 
 arvensis 
 ANCHUSA 
 
 1 canescens 
 batschia Mich. 
 
 2 Virginica 
 ANDROMEDA 
 
 1 calyculata Var. 
 
 2 ferruginea 
 
 3 mariana Var. 
 
 4 paniculata Var. 
 
 5 pclifolia Var. 
 
 6 salicifolia JV. S. 
 
 7 strigosa .V. S. 
 
 ia.L I 
 } ers,] 
 
 BENT GRASS 
 
 1 creeping 
 
 2 thread -form 
 
 3 upright 
 
 4 fiorin grass 
 HAIR GRASS 
 
 1 melic like 
 
 2 blunt 
 ALETRIS 
 
 1 mealy ; Devil's bit, tttar > ' 
 
 grass 
 
 2 yellow flowered 
 WATER PLANTAIN 
 
 common 
 ONION GARLICK 
 
 1 wild, or American 
 
 2 mountain garlick 
 
 3 broad leaved,three seeded 
 ALDER 
 
 1 hoaiy leaved (glaucous) 
 
 2 common American 
 CHICKWEED 
 
 common 
 AMARANTH, orCock's comb 
 
 1 lead coloured 
 
 2 cultivated 
 
 FALSE GRAPE, or Amer- 
 ican joy 
 
 1 hairy 
 
 2 five leaved wild ivy 
 
 PIMPERNEL, or Chick-weed 
 
 common 
 BUGLOSS 
 
 1 soft 
 
 2 smooth 
 ANDROMEDA 
 
 1 box leaved 
 
 2 ferrugineous 
 
 3 oval leaved 
 
 4 panicled 
 
 5 rosemary leaved 
 
 6 willow leaved, 
 
 7 slender
 
 37 
 
 8 racemosa 
 
 ANDROPOGON 
 
 1 scoparium Mich. 
 
 2 virginicum. 
 ANDRYALA 
 
 sinuata 
 ANEMONE 
 1- dichotoma 
 2 hepatica, obtuta. 
 J parviflora 
 
 4 pennsylvanica 
 
 5 quinquefolia 
 
 6 thalictroides ~) 
 thalictrum anemonoides L 
 
 Midi.} 
 
 7 virginiana 
 ANETHUM 
 
 foeniculum 
 ANGELICA 
 
 1 atropurpurea 
 
 2 hirsuta triquinata 
 ANTHEM IS 
 
 coiula 
 ANTHOXANTHUM 
 
 odoratum 
 AXTIRRHINU:,! 
 
 1 canadense 
 
 2 linaria vulgaris 
 APOCYNUM 
 
 1 androssmifolium 
 
 2 cannabinum 
 
 3 hypericifolium 
 AQUILEGIA 
 
 canadensis 
 ARABIS 
 1 bulbosa 
 "2 canadcnsis ? 
 
 falcata Mich. 5 
 " hispida 
 
 4 lyrata 
 
 5 spathulata 
 
 6 thaliana 
 ARALIA 
 
 1 hispida 
 
 2 nudicaulis 
 
 3 racemosa 
 
 8 cluster flowered, sweet 
 
 scented 
 BEARD GRASS 
 
 1 broom 
 
 2 yellow broom grass 
 ANDRYALA 
 
 crooked 
 ANEMONE 
 
 1 v olf's bane leaved 
 
 2 hepatica, liver wort 
 
 3 small flowered 
 
 4 Pennsylvanian 
 
 5 five leaved 
 
 6 meadow-rue leaved 
 
 7 Virginian 
 FENNEL 
 sweet 
 ANGELICA 
 
 1 purple 
 
 2 downy 
 CHAMOMILE 
 
 stinking ~May ivecd 
 VERNAL GRASS 
 
 sweet scented 
 SNAP DRAGON 
 
 1 Canadian 
 
 2 common toad flax 
 DOG'S BANE 
 
 1 tutsan leaved 
 
 2 Indian hemp 
 
 3 hypericum leaved 
 COLUMBINE 
 
 scarlet or wild 
 WALL CRESS,or turkey pod 
 
 1 tuberous 
 
 2 Canadian or sickle pod- 
 
 ded. 
 
 3 hispid or Welch 
 
 4 lyre leaved 
 
 5 palm leaved 
 
 6 common or mouse ear 
 ARALIA 
 
 1 bristly 
 
 2 wild sarsaparilla 
 
 3 berry bearing spikenard
 
 33 
 
 ARBUTUS 
 
 uva ursi Amer. 
 ARCTIUM 
 
 lappa 
 ARENARIA 
 
 1 divaricata Mich. 
 
 2 lateriflora 
 
 3 rubra 
 canadensis Pert. 
 
 4 stricta 
 ARETHUSA 
 
 1 bulbosa 
 
 2 nutans 
 
 3 ophioglossoides 
 
 4 pendula 
 
 5 stellata 
 
 6 verticillata 
 ARGOLASIA 
 
 aurea JV. S. > 
 heritiera tinct. y 
 ARISTOLOCHIA 
 
 1 serpentaria 
 
 2 sipho 
 ARUM 
 
 triphyllum Var. Purft. 
 ARUNDO 
 
 epigejos 
 ASARUM 
 
 canadense 
 ASCLEPIAS 
 
 1 amoena JV. S. 
 
 2 cinera Walt. 
 
 S debilis Mich. ") 
 
 Aff. M-vea Dill. 5 
 
 4 exaltata > 
 
 acuminata 
 
 5 grandiflorunx 
 
 6 incarnata 
 
 7 longifolia 
 
 8 obtusifolia 
 
 9 putchra 
 
 10 purpurascens 
 
 1 1 quadrifolia 
 
 12 syriaca 
 
 13 tuberosa > 
 
 decumbens^ 
 
 STRAWBERRY TREE 
 
 bearberry 
 BURDOCK 
 
 common 
 SANDWORT 
 
 1 severed 
 
 2 lateral flowered 
 
 3 red or field 
 
 4 upright 
 ARETHUSA 
 
 1 bulbous 
 
 2 nodding- 
 
 3 adder's tongue leaved 
 
 4 pendant 
 
 5 starry 
 
 6 whorl leaved 
 LOOKING GLASS PLANT 
 
 shining 
 
 BIRTH WORT, snake roof 
 
 1 Virginian 
 
 2 broad leaved 
 INDIAN TURNEP 
 
 three leaved 
 REED GRASS 
 
 small 
 SNAKE ROOT 
 
 white wild ginger 
 SWALLOW WORT, milk 
 
 1 oval leaved [weed 
 
 2 artichoke leaved 
 
 3 white 
 
 4 poke leaved 
 
 5 large flowering 
 
 6 flesh coloured 
 
 7 long leaved 
 
 8 obtuse leaved 
 
 9 hairy, river 
 
 10 purple 
 
 1 1 four leaved 
 
 12 common silk plant 
 
 13 pleurisy root butterfly 
 
 weed
 
 39 
 
 14 variegata A". S. . ? 
 
 15 verticillata 
 ASCYRUM 
 
 1 amplexicaule 
 
 2 crux andrese 
 
 3 hypericoides 
 
 4 multicaule JV/VA. 
 
 5 stans Mich. 
 ASPARAGUS 
 
 officinalis 
 ASPIDIUM 
 
 1 acrotichoidcs 
 
 2 ebenum 
 
 3 tilix faemina 
 
 4 marginale 
 
 5 tenue 
 ASPLENIUM 
 
 1 ebenum 
 
 2 melanocaulon. 
 
 3 rhizophyllum 
 
 4 ruta murarfa L. 
 
 5 trichomanes 
 
 6 trichomanoides. Mich 
 ASTER 
 
 1 amplexicaulis 
 
 2 conyzoides 
 
 3 cordifolius 
 
 4 corymbosus 
 
 5 infirmis Mich. 
 
 cornifoliua Willd. 
 
 6 latifolius 
 
 7 linarifolius 
 
 S miser 
 
 9 novae anglije 
 
 10 novi belgii 
 
 1 1 paniculatus A*. S. 
 
 12 rigidus 
 
 13 salsuginosus JV. S. 
 
 14 ulphiotdea A*. 5. 
 
 15 solidaginoides Mich. 
 
 16 spurius 
 
 17 undulatus 
 ASTRAGALUS 
 
 1 canadcnsis 
 
 14 variegated 
 
 15 whorl leaved 
 ANDREW'S CROSS 
 
 1 stem clasping 
 
 2 common 
 
 3 hypericum like 
 
 4 many stemmed 
 
 5 upright 
 ASPARAGUS 
 
 common 
 ASPIDIUM 
 1 
 
 2 ebony 
 
 3 brake 
 
 4 marginal 
 
 5 slender 
 SPLEEN WORT 
 
 1 ebony 
 
 2 ruff stemmed 
 3 
 
 4 wall rue 
 
 5 maiden hair 
 
 6 five leaved 
 STAR WORT 
 
 1 stem clasping 
 
 2 flea bane 
 
 3 heart leaved 
 
 4 clustered 
 
 5 weak 
 
 6 broad leaved 
 
 7 savoury or toad flax leav- 
 
 ed 
 
 8 small flowered (white) 
 
 9 New-England 
 
 10 glaucous or green, New 
 
 Holland 
 
 1 1 panicled 
 
 12 stiff leaved 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 solidago like, golden rod 
 
 16 spurious 
 
 17 waved leaved 
 MILK VETCH 
 
 l woolly or Canadian
 
 40 
 
 2 carolinianus 
 ATRAGENE 
 
 americana Muhl. 
 AVENA 
 
 1 pennsylvanica 
 
 2 spicata ~) 
 
 glumosa Mich. 5 
 
 3 elatior 
 AZALEA 
 
 1 canescens N. S. 
 
 2 canescens marginata^V. 5. 
 
 3 glauca 
 
 4 nitida JV. 5. 
 
 5 nudiflora Var. 
 
 6 microcarpa N. S. 
 
 7 procera N. S. 
 
 8 racemosa. 
 
 9 viscosa Var. 
 
 BARTRAMIA 
 BARTSIA 
 
 1 coccinea 
 
 Var. lutea 
 
 2 pallida 
 BERBERIS 
 
 canadensis > 
 vulgaris L. 3 
 BETULA 
 
 1 glandulosa Mich. 
 
 2 lutea Mich. 
 
 3 nigra (rubra ") 
 
 lanulosa) Mich. J 
 
 4 pumila 
 
 5 tremula 
 BIDENS 
 
 1 cernua 
 
 2 connata Mich. 
 
 3 chrysanthemoides Mich. 
 BLITUM 
 
 1 capitatum 
 
 2 virgatum 
 BCEHMERIA 
 
 cylindrica 
 BOLETUS 
 tuberosus 
 
 2 Carolina 
 ATRAGENE 
 American 
 OAT GRASS, OATS 
 
 1 Pennsylvania 
 
 2 spiked 
 
 3 tall 
 ROSE BAY 
 
 1 grey downy 
 2 
 
 3 glaucous leaved 
 
 4 shining 
 
 5 naked red flowered 
 6 
 
 7 tall 
 
 8 branching 
 
 9 viscous 
 
 BARTRAMIA 
 BARTSIA 
 1 scarlet 
 yellow 
 2. pale 
 BERBERRY 
 
 Canadian or common 
 
 American 
 BIRCH 
 
 1 glandulous 
 
 2 yellow 
 
 3 sweet scented, red 
 
 beech 
 
 4 dwarf hairy 
 
 5 quivering 
 MARYGOLD 
 
 1 nodding burr 
 
 2 marsh 
 
 3 large flowered 
 STRAWBERRY ELITE 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 slender stalked 
 BCEHMERIA 
 
 cylindrical 
 BOLETUS 
 tuberous
 
 BOTRYPUS 
 
 lunaroides A*. 5. 
 BRIZA 
 
 maxima 
 BHOMUS 
 
 1 canadensis Mich. 
 
 2 mollis 
 BRACHYSTEMUM 
 
 virginicum Mich. 
 
 linifolium Willd. 
 BUPHTHALMUM 
 
 helianthoides I* Her. 
 
 helianthus Ixvis L. 
 
 heliopsis laevis Pera. 
 BUCHNERA 
 
 americana 
 
 CACTUS 
 
 opuntia 
 CALENDULA 
 
 officinalis 
 CALLA 
 
 palustris A". S. 
 
 Var. denticulata 
 CALLICARPA 
 
 americana 
 CALTHA 
 
 1 dentata 
 
 2 palustris 
 CAMPANULA 
 
 1 acuminata 
 
 2 americana 
 
 3 nitida 
 
 4 perfoliata 
 
 ample xicaulis Mich. 
 
 5 rotundifolia 
 CARDAMINE 
 
 1 hirsuta 
 
 2 pennsylvanica 
 
 3 virginica 
 CARDUUS 
 
 1 horrid ul us 
 
 2 marianus 
 
 3 pectinatus 
 
 HEMLOCK FERN 
 
 kidney leaved 
 QUAKING GRASS 
 
 large 
 BROME GRASS 
 
 1 Canadian 
 
 2 soft 
 BRACHYSTEMUM 
 
 flax leaved or Virginian 
 OX-EYE 
 
 smooth 
 
 BUCHNERA 
 
 American 
 
 INDIAN FIG, Cactu* 
 
 common 
 POT MARYGOLD 
 
 common 
 CALLA 
 
 marsh 
 
 Var. notched 
 CALLICARPA 
 
 sage leaved 
 MARSH MARYGOLD , 
 
 1 gaged 
 
 2 common 
 BELL FLOWER 
 
 1 pointed 
 
 2 American 
 
 3 shining 
 
 4 perfoliatc 
 
 5 round leaved 
 LADY'S SMOCK 
 
 1 hairy 
 
 2 Pennsylvania water cress 
 
 3 Virginian 
 THISTLE 
 
 1 thorn y 
 
 2 milk 
 
 3 pectinated
 
 CAREX 
 
 1 criuata 
 
 2 hystericina 
 
 3 leporina 
 
 4 muricata 
 
 5 pedunculata 
 
 6 rostrata 
 
 7 vulpina 
 CARPINUS 
 
 1 americana Willd. 
 "2 ostrya 
 CASSIA 
 
 1 chamaecrista 
 
 2 discolor Don. 
 
 3 fasciculata Mich. 
 
 4 marilandica 
 
 5 nictitans 
 CASTANEA 
 
 vesca, americana Gart. 
 CAULOPHYLLUM JV. S 
 CEANOTHUS 
 
 americanus 
 
 Var. 
 
 CELASTRUS 
 
 1 bullatus 
 
 2 scandens 
 CELTIS 
 
 occidentalis 
 CENCHRUS 
 
 echinatus 
 CENTAUREA 
 
 1 benedicta 
 
 2 calcitrapa 
 
 3 cyanus 
 
 4 jacea 
 CEPHALANTHUS 
 
 occidentalis 
 CERASTIUM 
 
 1 arvense 
 
 2 semidecandrum 
 
 3 viscosum 
 CERCIS 
 
 canadensis 
 CHELIDONIUM 
 majus 
 
 SEG, or SEDGE 
 1 chaffy 
 .2 porcupine 
 
 3 hare 
 
 4 prickly 
 
 5 long stalked 
 
 6 beaked 
 
 7 great fox 
 HORN BEAM TREE 
 
 1 American 
 
 2 hop 
 CASSIA 
 
 1 dwarf (partridge pea) 
 
 2 two coloured 
 
 3 bundled 
 
 4 wild senna (false acacia) 
 
 5 nodding 
 CHESNUT 
 
 common American 
 CAULOPHYLLUM 
 TEA TREE 
 
 common New- Jersey 
 
 STAFF TREE 
 
 1 scarlet fruited 
 
 2 climbing (bitter sweet) 
 NETTLE TREE 
 
 common American 
 HEDGE HOG GRASS 
 
 rough seeded 
 CENTAURY 
 
 1 blessed thistle 
 
 2 star thistle 
 
 3 blue bottle 
 
 4 knap weed 
 BUTTON WOOD 
 
 American 
 CHICK WEED 
 
 1 corn pink, mouse ear 
 
 2 least 
 
 3 clammy 
 
 JUDAS TREE or Red Bud 
 
 American 
 CELANDINE 
 
 common, greater
 
 CHELONE 
 
 glabra 
 
 CHENOPODIUM 
 \ album 
 
 2 glaucuin 
 
 3 incanum 
 
 4 hybridum 
 
 5 maritimum 
 CHIRONIA 
 
 1 angularis 
 
 2 chloroides 
 
 3 campanulata 
 
 4 chronantha A*. S. 
 
 5 pulchella 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM 
 
 leucanthemvim 
 CICHORIUM 
 CICUTA 
 
 1 bulbifera 
 
 2 maculata 
 CIMICIFUGA 
 
 1 americana 
 
 2 serpentaria 
 CINNA 
 
 arundinacea 
 CIRC^EA 
 
 1 alpina 
 
 2 canadensis 7 
 
 lutetiana 3 
 CISTUS 
 
 canadensis 
 CLAYTONIA 
 
 virginica 
 CLAVARIA 
 
 coralloides 
 CLEMATIS 
 1 virginica 
 
 2 J\T. S. 
 
 CLEOME 
 
 . dodepandra 
 CLETHRA 
 
 1 alnifolia 
 
 2 do Var. 
 CLIMACIUM 
 
 dcndroidcs 
 
 HUMMING BIRD TREE 
 
 white 
 GOOSE FOOT 
 
 1 common lamb's quarters 
 
 2 glaucous 
 
 3 hoary 
 
 4 tufted 
 
 5 sea 
 CHIRONIA 
 
 1 angular stemmed (Ame- 
 
 rican centaury) 
 
 2 many petal'd, chlora like 
 
 3 bell flowered 
 
 4 - 
 5 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM 
 
 ox eye daisy 
 SUCCORY 
 COW BANE 
 
 1 bulb bearing 
 
 2 American spotted 
 BUG WORT 
 
 1 stinking 
 
 2 _ _' 
 
 CINNA 
 
 reedy 
 NIGHT SHADE 
 
 1 mountain enchanter's 
 
 2 common 
 
 CISTUS or ROCK ROSE 
 
 Canada 
 CLAYTONIA 
 
 Virginian 
 CLAVARIA 
 
 coral like 
 VIRGIN'S BOWER 
 
 1 Virginian 
 
 2 - 
 BASE MUSTARD 
 
 clammy 
 CLETHRA 
 
 1 smooth alder leayed 
 
 2 . 
 
 CLIMACIUM
 
 CNICUS 
 
 arvensis 
 COLLINSONIA 
 
 canaclensis 
 COMPTONIA 
 
 1 albida 
 
 2 asplenifolia 
 
 THISTLE 
 Canada 
 COLLINSONIA 
 
 common (horse baltn) 
 COMPTONIA 
 1 whitish 
 
 ilenifolia VHer. ~\ 
 liquidambar asple- > 
 nifolium L. J 
 
 .1 
 
 CONIUM 
 
 maculatum 
 CONVALLARIA 
 
 1 bifolia 
 
 2 maialis 
 
 3 multiflora 
 
 4 polygonatum. 
 
 5 pubescens 
 
 6 racemosa 
 
 7 stellata 
 
 streptopus Mich 
 
 8 trifolia 
 
 9 umbellata 
 CONVOLVULUS 
 
 1 arvensis 
 
 2 panduratus 
 
 3 purpureus 
 
 4 repens 
 
 5 sagitifolius Mich. 
 
 6 sepiuin 
 
 7 spithameus 
 CONYZA 
 
 marilandica 
 erigeron 
 turn 
 COREOPSIS 
 
 1 alternifolia 
 
 2 verticillata 
 CORNUS 
 
 1 alba 
 
 2 alternifolia 
 
 3 canadensis 
 
 4 circinata f Her. 
 
 tomentulosa Mich. 
 
 5 florida 
 
 6 paniculata 
 
 Af\. 
 
 rilandica Mich. 1 
 rigeron camphora- > 
 am L. J 
 
 HEMLOCK 
 
 common 
 SOLOMON'S SEAL 
 
 1 two leaved, small 
 
 2 common lily of the valley 
 
 3 many flowered 
 
 4 common. 
 
 5 hairy 
 
 6 cluster flowered 
 
 7 star flowered 
 
 8 three leaved 
 
 9 umbelliferous 
 BIND WEED 
 
 1 .small (Jidd corn) 
 
 2 fiddle leaved (wild fiota- 
 
 toe) 
 
 3 great purple 
 
 4 creeping 
 
 5 arrow leaved 
 
 6 hedge (great bcarbind) 
 
 7 dwarf 
 FLEA BANE 
 
 marsh 
 
 SUN FLOWER 
 
 1 alternate leaved tick seed 
 
 2 whorl leaved 
 DOG WOOD 
 
 1 white berry 
 
 2 alternate leaved 
 
 3 Canadian 
 
 4 hairy 
 
 5 common 
 
 6 paniculate d
 
 45 
 
 7 sanguinea 
 
 8 sericea I'Hcr. 
 
 ccerulea Lmk. 
 
 9 stolonifera I'Her. 
 10 stricta I'Her. 
 
 \ I A*. 5. 
 CORYDALIS 
 
 1 fungosa 
 
 2 rosea 
 CORYLUS 
 
 1 americana 
 
 2 avellana 
 
 3 humilis 
 
 4 rostrata 
 
 5 A*. S. Catskill. 
 CRAT.EGUS 
 
 1 coccinea 
 
 2 cor data Ait. 
 
 3 crus gali 
 
 4 eliptica 
 
 5 flava 
 
 6 glaudulosa 
 
 7 parvifolia 
 
 8 punctata > 
 
 leucophleos Mcench. $ 
 
 9 pyrifolia Ait. 
 
 10 sphathulata 
 
 1 1 viridis 
 CROTOLARIA 
 
 1 parviflora 
 
 2 sagitalis 
 CUCUBALUS 
 
 stellatus 
 CUNILA 
 
 1 mariana 
 
 2 pulegioides hedeoma 
 
 pulegioides 
 
 Pers. 
 
 CUPRESSUS 
 thuyoides 
 CUSCUTA 
 
 americana 
 CYCLAMEN 
 americanum 
 
 7 bloody 
 
 8 blue berried 
 
 9 creeping 
 10 upright 
 11 
 
 CORYDALIS 
 
 1 spungy flowered 
 
 2 rose coloured 
 HAZLE NUT 
 
 1 American common (Jil- 
 
 bert) 
 
 2 European common 
 
 3 dwarf 
 
 4 cuckold hazle 
 
 5 -^ 
 
 HAWTHORN 
 
 1 scarlet fruited 
 
 2 maple leaved 
 
 3 cock spur 
 
 4 oval leaved 
 
 S> yellow fruited 
 
 6 hollow leaved 
 
 7 small leaved 
 
 8 large fruited 
 
 9 pear leaved 
 
 10 spatula leaved 
 
 1 1 green fruited 
 CROTOLARIA 
 
 1 small flowered 
 
 2 arrow leaved 
 CAMPION 
 
 four leaved 
 CUNILA 
 
 1 mint leaved 
 
 2 penny royal leaved 
 
 CYPRESS TREE 
 
 white cedar 
 DODDER 
 
 American 
 CYCLAMEN, or toia bread 
 
 American
 
 CYMBIDIUM 
 
 1 odontorrhyzon 
 
 2 pulchellum Willd.' 
 
 angustifolium 
 CYNOGLOSSUM 
 
 ofificinale 
 CYPERUS 
 
 1 compressus 
 
 2 flavescens 
 
 3 inflexus 
 
 4 parviflorlis 
 
 5 .phymatodes ^V. S. 
 
 6 strigosus 
 CYPRIPEDIUM 
 
 1 acaule Ait. ~> 
 
 humile Mich, y 
 
 2 candidum 
 
 3 parviflorum 
 
 4 pubescens Mich. 
 
 5 spectabile Sal. 
 
 canadense Mich. 
 album Ait. 
 
 6 JV. S. 
 
 DALIBARDA 
 
 1 fragarioides 
 
 2 repens 
 DATURA 
 
 1 stramonium 
 
 2 tatula 
 DENTARIA 
 
 1 diphylla 
 
 2 laciniata 
 DIAPENSIA 
 
 lapponica 
 DIERVILLA 
 
 1 americana JV. 5. 
 
 2 humilis 
 
 3 lutea 
 
 4 montana ? JV*. S. 
 
 5 canadensis 
 
 6 JV. S. 
 DIOSCOREA 
 
 paniculata Mich, 
 villosa L. 
 
 CYMBIDIUM 
 
 1 large tooth rooted 
 
 2 beautiful tuberous 
 
 HOUND'S TONGUE 
 
 common 
 CYPERUS GALINGALE 
 
 1 flat stemmed (sedge) 
 
 2 yellow 
 
 3 fragrant 
 
 4 small flowered 
 
 5 tuberous 
 
 6 rough bristle spiked 
 LADY'S SLIPPER 
 
 1 stemless dwarf 
 
 2 white 
 
 3 small flowered 
 
 4 hairy American yellow 
 
 5 shewy tall white flowered 
 
 6 j\r. s. 
 
 BALIBARDA 
 
 1 three leaved 
 
 2 heart leaved 
 THORN APPLE 
 
 1 common (Jamestown 
 
 weed) 
 
 2 blue 
 TOOTH WORT 
 
 1 two leaved (coral -wort), 
 
 2 jagged leaved 
 DIAPENSIA 
 
 northern 
 DIERVILLA 
 
 1 American 
 
 2 dwarf 
 
 3 marsh 
 
 4 mountain 
 
 5 yellow flowered 
 
 6 JV. S. 
 YAM 
 
 American
 
 47 
 
 DIPSACUS 
 
 sylvestris 
 DIRCA 
 
 palustris 
 DOLICHOS 
 
 2 sphserosphermus > 
 phaseolus L . 5 
 DRAB A 
 
 verna 
 
 DRACCENA 
 borealis 
 DRACONTIUM 
 
 foetidum 
 DROSERA 
 
 1 americana Willd. 
 
 2 filiformis JV. S. 
 
 3 rotundifolia 
 
 4 spathulata JV. 5". 
 
 ECHIUM 
 
 1 americanum A*. 5. 
 
 2 vulgare 
 ELYMUS 
 
 canadensis 
 EPIG^A 
 
 repens 
 EPILOBIUM 
 
 1 coloratura. 
 
 2 laevigatum 
 
 3 lineare 
 
 oliganthum Mich. 
 
 4 spicatum Link. 
 
 5 strictum 
 ERIGERON 
 
 1 bellidifolium Mich. 
 
 pulchellum Mich. 
 
 2 canadense 
 
 3 heterophyllum Muhl. 
 
 aster aunnus L. 
 
 4 philadelphicum 
 
 do. purpureum 
 
 5 strigosum 
 ERIOCAULON 
 
 gnaphalioides Mich. 
 
 TEASEL 
 
 wild 
 LEATHER WOOD 
 
 marsh (moose wood) 
 DOLICHOS 
 
 1 purple 
 
 2 round seeded 
 
 WHITLOW GRASS 
 
 spring 
 DRACAENA 
 
 oval leaved 
 DRAGON 
 
 skunk weed 
 SUN DEW 
 
 1 American long leaved 
 
 2 hairy 
 
 3 round leaved 
 4' spathulated 
 
 BUGLOSS 
 
 1 American vipers 
 
 2 common 
 LIME GRASS 
 
 Canadian 
 EPIG^A 
 
 creeping (fiigeon berry) 
 WILLOW HERB 
 
 1 coloured 
 
 2 smooth 
 
 3 linear leaved 
 
 4 narrow leaved 
 
 5 upright (soft) 
 ERIGERON (flea bane) 
 
 1 Robert's plantain 
 
 2 annual 
 
 3 various leaved 
 
 4 Philadelphian 
 
 5 bristled 
 
 PIPE WORT 
 short leaved
 
 
 ERIOPHORUM 
 
 1 angustifolium 
 
 2 hudsonianum 
 
 3 poly stach ion 
 
 4 virginicum 
 ERYTHRONIUM 
 
 1 americanum > 
 
 luteum et album 5 
 
 2 dens canis 
 EUONYMUS 
 
 atropurpureus Ait. 
 EUPATORIUM 
 
 1 ageratoides Willd. 
 
 2 ceanothifolium 
 
 3 caelestinum 
 
 4 ,coronopifoliuni Willd. 
 
 5 hyssopifolium 
 
 6 lanceolatum 
 
 7 maculatum 
 
 8 melissoides 
 
 9 perfoliatum 
 
 10 puhescens 
 
 1 1 purpureum 
 
 12 punctatum 
 
 13 rotundifolum 
 
 14 sessilifolium 
 
 15 trifoliatum 
 
 16 verticillatuni MuM.~) 
 
 trifoliatum, L. $ 
 EUPHORBIA 
 
 1 ipecacuanha 
 
 2 maculata 
 
 3 polygonifol^a 
 
 FAGUS 
 
 1 carpinifolia 
 
 2 ferruginea 
 
 3 sylvestris 
 FESTUCA 
 
 clandestina 
 FRAGARIA 
 
 1 palustus 
 
 2 vesca 
 
 3 virginiana JEArt. 
 FRASERA . 
 
 1 verticillata 
 
 COTTON GRASS 
 
 1 narrow leaved 
 
 2 Hudson's Bay 
 
 3 common many headed 
 
 4 Virginian 
 
 DOG'S TOOTH VIOLET 
 
 1 American yellow and 
 
 white 
 
 2 common 
 SPIN OLE TREE 
 
 purple 
 EUPATORIUM 
 
 1 nettle leaved^Aem/j seed} 
 
 2 ceanothus leaved 
 
 3 blue flowered 
 
 4 buck's horn leaved 
 
 5 hyssop leaved 
 
 6 spear leaved 
 
 7 spotted stalked 
 
 8 balm leaved 
 
 9 bonesettf thorough wort) 
 
 10 hairy 
 
 1 1 purple stalked 
 
 12 dotted 
 
 13 round leaved 
 
 14 sessile leaved 
 
 15 three leaved 
 
 16 whorl leaved 
 
 SPURGE 
 
 1 ipecacuanha 
 
 2 spotted 
 
 3 knotgrass leaved 
 
 BEECH 
 
 1 hornbeam leaved 
 
 2 rusty leaved 
 
 3 common 
 FESCUE GRASS 
 
 hidden flowered 
 STRAWBERRY 
 
 1 marsh 
 
 2 common garden 
 
 3 wild 
 FRASERA 
 
 1 pyramid flowered
 
 49 
 
 2 waltheri 
 FRAXINUS 
 
 1 concolor 
 
 2 discolor 
 
 A. americana 
 
 B. juglandifolia 
 
 3 platyacarpa Mich. 
 
 4 pubescens 
 
 5 sambucifolia Mich. 
 FUCUS 
 
 vesiculosus 
 FUMARIA 
 
 1 glauca Curt. "J 
 
 sempervirens L. ! 
 
 corydalis sempervi- j 
 
 rens Mich.] 
 
 2 Formosa 
 
 3 JV. 5. 
 
 GALACTIA 
 
 ervum volubile Walt. 
 
 gabella Mich. 
 GALEGA 
 
 virginica 
 GALIUM 
 
 1 aparine 
 
 2 bermudianum 
 
 3 brachiatum 
 
 circaezans Mich. 
 
 4 cuspidatum 
 
 5 pennsylvanicum 
 
 6 pilosum * 
 
 puncticulosum Mich 
 
 7 tinctorium 
 
 8 trifidum 
 
 claytoni Mich 
 GAULTHERIA 
 
 1 hispidula 
 
 2 procumbens 
 
 2 Walter's 
 ASH 
 
 1 red green 
 
 2 two coloured 
 
 white 
 walnut leaved 
 
 3 Carolinian broad fruited 
 
 4 hairy 
 
 5 black elder leaved 
 FuCUS 
 
 vesiculosus 
 FUMITORY 
 
 1 glaucous 
 
 2 beautiful 
 
 3 JV. S. 
 
 % G.ALACTIA 
 
 smooth 
 
 GOAT'S RUE 
 
 Virginia two coloured 
 LADIES' BED STRAW 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 Bermudian 
 
 3 cross branched 
 
 
 4 spit pointed 
 
 Willd. 
 
 5 Pennsylvanian 
 
 Wch. 5 
 
 6 hairy 
 
 
 7 dyer's 
 
 .1 
 
 8 trifid 
 
 GENTIANA 
 
 1 
 
 quinqueflora L 
 
 2 angustifolia Mich. 
 
 3 crinita Frsl. 
 
 4 saponaria L. 
 
 amarelloides Mich. \ 
 L. / 
 
 GAULTHERIA 
 
 1 hispia 
 
 2 mountain tea winter 
 
 green 
 GENTIAN 
 
 1 five leaved 
 
 2 narrow leaved 
 
 3 fringe flowered 
 
 4 soap wort
 
 50 
 
 5 ochroleuca ] 
 
 saponaria Mich. ' 
 
 6 linearis 
 
 7 villosa 
 GERANIUM 
 
 1 Carolinian um 
 
 Tar. album 
 Var. incarnatum 
 
 2 centaureum 
 
 Var. hirsutum 
 
 3 columbinum 
 
 4 maculatum. 
 
 5 pusillum 
 
 6 robertianum 
 GERARDIA 
 
 1 erecta . 
 
 2 flava 
 
 3 glauca Ed. 
 
 4 pedicularia 
 
 5 purpurea 
 
 6 lenuifolia 
 
 7 villosa > 
 
 heterophylla > 
 GEUM 
 
 1 album 
 
 2 florid um 
 
 3 hirsutum 
 
 4 rivale 
 
 5 strictum Ait. 
 
 6 virginianum 
 GLECHOMA 
 
 hederacea 
 GLYCINE 
 
 1 apios 
 
 2 comosa 
 
 monoica 
 Var. alba 
 Var. caereulea 
 4 umbellata 
 GNAPHALIUM 
 
 1 dioicum 
 
 2 margaritaceum 
 
 3 plantagineum 
 
 4 uliginosum 
 GRATIOLA 
 
 virginica 
 
 m 
 
 5 pale white 
 
 6 linear leaved 
 
 7 villous 
 GERANIUM (crane's bill) 
 
 \ Carolina 
 
 white flowered 
 red flowered 
 
 2 centaury 
 
 rough 
 
 3 long stalked 
 
 4 spotted (crowfoot) 
 
 5 small flowered 
 
 6 herb Robert 
 GIERARDIA 
 
 1 upright 
 
 2 yellow 
 
 3 glaucous 
 
 4 louse wort leaved 
 
 5 purple 
 
 6 fine leaved 
 
 7 hairy 
 
 AVENS (herb Bennet) 
 \ white 
 2 flowery 
 ' 3 rough hairy 
 
 4 water 
 
 5 upright 
 
 6 Virginian- 
 GROUND IVY 
 
 common 
 GLYCINE 
 
 1 tuberous 
 
 2 .close flowered 
 
 3 pea vine 
 
 white flowered 
 blue flowered 
 
 4 um.belled . 
 CUDWEED (mouse ear) 
 
 1 dioicous 
 
 2 pearly everlasting 
 
 3 plantain leaved 
 
 4 bundled 
 HYSSOP 
 
 Virginian hedge 
 
 i
 
 51 
 
 I 
 
 HAMAMELIS 
 
 vh-ginica 
 HEDYSARftJM 
 
 1 canadense 
 
 2 canescens 
 
 3 cuspidatum / 
 
 bracteosum Mich. < 
 
 4 divergens 
 
 5 frutescens 
 
 lespedeza capitata 
 Mich. 
 
 6 glabellum 
 
 7 ghuinosum 
 
 8 hirtum 
 
 polystachia Mich 
 
 9 nudicaulis 
 
 10 obtusum 
 
 1 1 marilandicum 
 
 12 nudiflorum 
 
 13 paniculatum 
 
 14 prostratum 
 
 procumbens Mich. 
 
 15 reticulatum ~> 
 
 sessilifolium Mich. 3 
 
 16 rotundifolium Mich. 7 
 
 canescens WilLd. ^ 
 
 17 violaceum 
 
 18 viridifoliutn 
 
 19 .Y. S. 
 
 HELEN IUM 
 
 autumnalc 
 HELIANTHUS 
 
 1 altissimus 
 
 2 angustifolius 
 
 3 decapetalus 
 
 4 divaricatus 
 
 5 frondosus 
 
 6 giganteus 
 
 7 mollis 
 
 8 multiflorus 
 HELLEBORUS 
 
 1 faetidus 
 
 2 trifoliatus 
 
 3 viridis Ait. 
 HELONIAS 
 
 1 angustifolia 
 
 WITCH HAZEL 
 
 common 
 HEDYSARUM 
 
 1 Canadian 
 
 2 rough leaved 
 
 3 sharp pointed 
 
 4 spreading 
 
 5 shrubby 
 
 6 bare 
 
 7 clammy 
 
 8 many spiked 
 
 9 naked stalked 
 
 10 blunt leaved 
 
 1 1 Maryland 
 
 12 naked flowered 
 
 13 panjcled 
 
 14 trailing 
 
 15 nettled leaved 
 
 16 round leaved 
 
 17 violet flowered 
 
 18 green flowered 
 
 19 JV. S. 
 HELEJ iUM 
 
 smooth 
 SUN FLOWER 
 
 1 tall 
 
 2 narrow leaved 
 
 3 ten petaled 
 \ branching 
 
 5 leafy 
 
 6 gigantick 
 
 7 soft 
 
 8 many flowered 
 HELLEBORE 
 
 1 bear's foot 
 
 2 three leaved, gold thread 
 
 3 green 
 HELONIAS 
 
 1 narrow leaved
 
 52 
 
 Walt. 
 
 mild. 
 Mich. 
 
 2 asphodeloides > 
 
 xerophyllum Mich. $ 
 HEUCHERA 
 
 americana 7 
 
 cortusa Mich. 5 
 HUBISCUS 
 
 1 manihot 
 
 2 moscheutos 
 
 3 palustis 
 
 4 riparius Pers. 
 
 militaris Cav. 
 
 5 virginicus 
 HIERACIUM 
 
 1 gronovii 
 
 2 marianum 
 
 scabrum 
 S panic ulatum 
 4 venosum 
 
 HIPPOPHA.E 
 
 canadensis 
 HIPPURIS 
 
 vulgaris 
 HOLOSTEUIVf 
 
 succulentum 
 HOTTONIA 
 
 palustris 
 HOUSTONIA 
 
 1 coerulea 
 
 2 longifolia 
 
 3 purpurea 
 HUDSONIA 
 
 ericoides 
 HYDRASTIS 
 
 canadensis 
 HYDNUM 
 
 imbricatum 
 HYDROPELTIS 
 
 purpurea Mich. 
 HYDROPHYLLUM 
 
 1 scabrum Muhl. 
 
 2 virginicum 
 HYPER ICUM 
 
 1 ascyroides 
 
 macrocarpon Mich. 
 bartramicum 
 
 2 grass leaved 
 HEUCHERA 
 
 purple flowered 
 HIBISCUS 
 
 1 palmated 
 
 2 'poplar leaved 
 
 3 marsh 
 
 4 smooth 
 
 5 river 
 HAWKWEED 
 
 1 Gronovius* 
 
 2 rough 
 
 3 panicled 
 
 4 veiny leaved 
 
 5 JV. S. 
 SEA BUCKTHORN 
 
 Canada, oval leavecj 
 MARE'S TAIL 
 
 common 
 CHICKWEED 
 
 succulent 
 WATER VIOLET 
 
 marsh 
 HOUSTONIA 
 
 1 blue 
 
 2 long leaved 
 
 3 red 
 HUDSONIA 
 
 heath 
 YELLOW ROOT 
 
 Canada 
 HYDRIUM 
 
 imbricated 
 HYDROPELTIS 
 
 purple 
 WATER LEAF 
 
 1 rough 
 
 2 Virginian 
 JOHN'S WORT 
 
 1 large capsuled
 
 5S 
 
 2 canadense 
 
 3 elatum Ait. 
 
 4 perforatum 
 
 5 procumbens 
 
 6 denticulalum Walt. 
 
 7 pyrimidatum 
 amplexicaule Lmk 
 
 8 rosmarinifolium 
 
 Lmk. 
 
 9 virginicum 
 10 JV. S. 
 
 HYPOXIS 
 
 1 erecta 
 
 2 juncea 
 
 ILEX 
 
 1 aquifolium 
 
 2 canadensis Mich. 
 
 prunifolia 
 
 3 opaca Ait. 
 IMBRICARIA 
 
 convexicaulis 
 IMPATIENS 
 
 1 maculata 
 
 2 noli tangere 
 INULA 
 
 1 helenium 
 
 2 linearis JV. S. 
 IRIS 
 
 1 cristata 
 
 2 versicolor 
 
 3 Var. Major. 
 
 4 virginica } 
 
 versicolor^wf t. \ 
 
 5 JV. S. 
 
 6 JV. S. LeCon. 
 
 IVA 
 
 frutescens 
 
 JUGLANS 
 
 1 alba 
 
 tomentosa Mich. 
 
 2 amara Mich. 
 
 3 compressa Gotrt. 
 
 alba Mich. 
 squamosa Mich. 
 
 2 Canadian 
 S tall 
 
 4 common, perforated 
 
 5 procumbent 
 
 6 notched 
 
 7 stem clasping 
 
 9 Virginian 
 10 JV. S 
 
 STAR-FLOWER 
 
 1 upright bastard 
 
 2 rush leaved 
 
 HOLLY 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 Canadian 
 
 3 Carolinian 
 IMBRICARIA 
 
 convex stalked 
 BALSAM 
 
 1 spotted 
 
 2 touch me not 
 ELECAMPANE 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 linear 
 
 FLAG (I/tower de luce) 
 \ crested 
 
 2 many coloured 
 
 3 large 
 
 4 Virginian 
 
 5 JV. S. 
 
 6 JV. S. 
 
 IVA (bastard Jesuit's bark) 
 shrubby 
 
 WALNUT or hickory 
 
 1 white heart 
 
 2 bitter 
 
 3 shell bark
 
 4 Sfiec. microcarpa 
 
 5 cmerea 
 
 ich. /. 5 
 
 longa ~) 
 
 Muhl. L 
 
 cathartica Mich. 
 
 6 hybrida A*. 
 
 7 nigra 
 
 8 S^ec. oblonga 
 
 glabra Muhl. 
 
 9 porcina 
 10 regia 
 
 JUNCUS 
 
 1 effusus 
 
 2 bulbosus 
 
 3 marginatus 
 
 4 melanocarpus 
 
 5 echinatus "J 
 
 polycephalus Mich.J 
 
 6 nodosus 
 Y setaceus 
 
 8 squarrosus 
 
 9 sylvaticus 
 JUNIPERUS 
 
 1 communis ~) 
 
 repens Don. 3 
 
 2 prostrata 
 
 3 virginiana 
 
 KALMIA 
 
 1 angustifolia 
 
 2 Var. 
 
 2 glauca Ait. 
 
 4 lati folia 
 
 5 rosmarinifolia JV. 5. 
 
 LACTUCA 
 
 elongata Muhl. 
 LAMIUM 
 
 1 amplexicaule 
 
 2 purpureum 
 LAURUS 
 
 1 benzoin 
 
 2 diospyros 
 
 3 sassafras 
 LECHEA 
 
 1 major Mich. 
 
 2 minor L. 
 
 3 racemulosa Mich. 
 
 4 common 
 
 5 butternut (white) 
 
 6 hybrid 
 
 7 black 
 
 8 oblong 
 
 9 pignut 
 
 10 common, royal 
 RUSH GRASS 
 
 1 soft 
 
 2 bulbous, round fruited 
 
 3 marginated 
 
 4 black fruited 
 
 5 many headed 
 
 6 knotty 
 
 7 bristly 
 
 8 moss or goose corn 
 
 9 wood 
 JUNIPER or cedar 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 creeping 
 
 3 red 
 
 KALMIA or laurel 
 1 narrow leaved 
 
 3 glaucous 
 
 4 broad leaved 
 
 5 rosemary leaved 
 
 LETTUCE 
 
 narrow leaved 
 NETTLE (Henbit) 
 
 1 common dead 
 
 2 purple 
 
 BAY TREE or laurel 
 
 1 wild alspice, fever bush 
 
 2 persimmon 
 
 3 sassafras 
 LECHEA 
 
 1 large 
 
 2 small 
 
 3 bunch flowered
 
 55 
 
 LEDUM 
 
 1 latifbHum 
 
 2 palustre 
 
 3 thymifolium Lmk. 
 LEONURUS 
 
 cardiaca 
 LESPEDEZA 
 
 1 capitata Mich. 
 
 2 linearis JV. S. 
 
 3 polystachya Mich. 
 
 4 procumbens Mich. 
 LIATRIS 
 
 1 aspera 
 
 spicata Willd. 
 
 2 macrostachya Mich. 
 
 3 pilosa Ait. 
 
 4 scanota 
 
 5 squarrosa 
 LICHEN 
 
 frucata 
 LIGUSTICUM 
 
 actaeifolium 
 
 cicuta maculata 
 LIGUSTRUM 
 
 vnlgare 
 LILIUM 
 
 1 canadense > 
 
 coccineum 3 
 
 2 pennsylvanicum 
 
 3 philadelphicum 
 
 4 superbum 
 LIMODORUM 
 
 uniiblium 
 LINARIA 
 
 vulgaris 
 LINN^LA 
 
 borealis rubra. 
 LINUM 
 
 usitatissimum 
 LIQUIDAMBAR 
 
 styraciflua 
 LIRIODENDRON 
 
 tulipifera 
 
 LITHOSPERMUM 
 1 arvense 
 
 LEDUM 
 
 1 Labrador tea, 
 
 2 marsh 
 
 3 thyme leaved 
 MOTH F.R WORT 
 
 common 
 LESPEDEZA 
 
 1 capitated 
 
 2 linear 
 
 3 many spiked 
 
 4 trailing 
 LIATRIS 
 
 1 rough 
 
 2 blue blazing star, long 
 
 guted 
 
 3 hairy 
 
 4 ragged cupped 
 
 5 rough headed 
 LICHEN 
 
 LOVAGE 
 
 actaea leaved 
 
 PRIVET or Prim 
 
 common 
 LILY 
 
 1 Canadian 
 
 2 Pennsylvanian 
 
 3 Philadelphian 
 
 4 superb golden martagon 
 LIMODORUM 
 
 one leaved 
 LOAD FLAX 
 
 common 
 LINN^A 
 
 two flowered (northern) 
 FLAX 
 
 common 
 SWEET GUM 
 
 maple leaved 
 TULIP TREE 
 
 white poplar 
 CROMWELL 
 1 corn
 
 2 officinale 
 
 latifolium Mich. _ 
 
 3 virginianum 1 
 
 onosmodium hispi- V 
 dum Mich. J 
 
 LOBELIA 
 
 1 cardinalis 
 
 2 claytonia AffcA. 
 
 3 inflata 
 
 4 kalmii 
 
 5 pallida ? 
 
 goodenoides Willd. 3 
 
 6 puberula 
 
 7 syphilitica 
 LON1CERA 
 
 1 caprifolium bracteo- 
 
 sum Mich. 
 dioica 
 
 parviflora Pers 
 glauca Fras. 
 
 2 grata 
 
 3 sempervirens 
 
 4 ciliata 
 
 5 diervilla ? 
 
 diervilla lutea Dcsf. 3 
 
 6 N. S. Le Con. 
 LUDWIGIA 
 
 1 macrocarpa Mich. ~> 
 
 alternifoli 3 
 
 2 hirsuta Walt. 
 
 3 nitida Mich. \ 
 
 isnardia palustrisZ.J 
 LUPINUS 
 
 perennis j 
 
 LYCIUM 
 
 carolinianum Mich. 
 
 salsum Bartr. 
 LYCHNIS 
 
 chalcedonica 
 LYCOPODIUM 
 
 1 complanatum 
 
 2 dendroideum 
 
 3 rupestre 
 LYCOPUS 
 
 . i americanus 
 2 uniflorus 
 
 2 officinal 
 
 3 hispid 
 
 LOBELIA 
 
 1 cardinal flower, scarlet 
 
 2 claytons 
 
 3 inflated 
 
 4 Kalm's 
 
 5 pale 
 
 6 hairy 
 
 7 blue 
 HONEYSUCKLE 
 
 1 glaucous 
 
 2 evergreen 
 
 3 trumpet 
 
 4 fainged 
 
 5 yellow 
 
 6 JV. S. 
 LUDWIGIA 
 
 1 alternate leaved 
 
 2 hairy 
 
 3 shining 
 
 LUPINE 
 
 perennial 
 BOX THORN 
 
 samphire 
 
 LYCHNIS 
 scarlet 
 CLUB MOSS 
 
 1 arbor vilae leaved 
 
 2 
 
 3 rock 
 
 WATER HOREHOUND 
 
 1 American 
 
 2 little
 
 57 
 
 n. 
 Tick. I 
 
 Curt.J 
 
 3 virginicus 
 LYSIMACHIA 
 
 1 angustifolia Wittd. 
 
 2 ciliata 
 
 covdata 
 
 3 quadrifolia 
 
 4 heterophylla 
 
 5 hirsuta Mich. 
 
 6 racemosa Mich. 
 
 stricta Ait. 
 bulbifera 
 
 7 thyrsiflora 
 
 MAGNOLIA 
 
 1 acuminata 
 
 2 glauca Par. 
 MALAXIS 
 
 liliifolia Sivz. J 
 Ophrys liliifolia 5 
 MALVA 
 
 1 americana 
 
 2 caroliniana 
 
 3 rotundifolia 
 
 4 sylvestris 
 MEDICAGO 
 
 lupulina 
 MELAMPYRUM 
 
 lineare 
 
 americanum Mich. 
 MELILOTUS 
 
 1 alba 
 
 2 vulgaris 
 MENISPERMUM 
 
 1 Canadense 
 
 2 Virginicum 
 MENTHA 
 
 1 canadensis ~) 
 
 borealis Mich. > 
 
 2 gracilis 
 
 3 piperita. 
 
 4 pulegium 
 MENYANTHES 
 
 1 trachysperma Mich. 
 
 H 
 
 3 Virginian 
 LYSIMACHIA 
 
 1 narrow leaved 
 
 2 ciliated, heart leaved 
 
 3 four leaved 
 
 4 various leaved 
 
 5 hairy 
 
 6 bulb bearint 
 
 7 cluster flowered, tufted 
 
 MAGNOLIA 
 
 1 cucumber tree, blue flow- 
 
 ered 
 
 2 swamp, white bay, sweet 
 MALAXIS 
 
 lily leaved 
 
 MALLOW 
 
 1 American 
 
 2 Carolina, creeping 
 
 3 round leaved 
 
 4 common 
 MELICK 
 
 black, none such 
 COW WHEAT 
 
 American 
 
 MELILOT 
 
 1 white 
 
 2 common 
 MOON SEED 
 
 1 Canadian 
 
 2 Virginian 
 MINT 
 
 1 northern 
 
 2 slender 
 
 3 pepper 
 
 4 pennyroyal 
 BUCK BEAN 
 
 1 pitted
 
 58 
 
 Hid. 5 
 
 2 trifoliata 
 MESPILUS 
 
 montana JV. S. 
 MIKANIA 
 
 scandens Willd. ~) 
 
 Eupatorium scandens > 
 Auct.} 
 . MIMULUS 
 
 1 alatus Ait. 
 
 2 ringens 
 MITCHELLA 
 
 repens 
 MITELLA 
 diphylla 
 
 MNIUM 
 
 1 cuspidatufti 
 
 2 rosaceum 
 MONARDA 
 
 1 fistulosa 
 
 2 oblongata 
 
 mollis Willd. 
 
 3 punctata 
 
 4 rugosa 
 MONOTROPA 
 
 uniflora 
 MORUS 
 
 rubra 
 MUCOR 
 
 1 cespitosus 
 
 2 mucedo 
 MYOSOTIS 
 
 1 lappula 
 
 2 scorpioides 
 
 3 virginica 
 MYRICA 
 
 1 cerifera 
 
 2 gale 
 
 3 pennsylvanica Muhl. 
 MYRRHIS 
 
 scandix 
 
 NARTHECIUM 
 
 1 glutinosum Mich. 
 
 2 ilvense .V. S. 
 
 2 marsh trefoil) 3 leaved 
 MEDLAR 
 
 mountain 
 MIKANIA 
 
 climbing 
 
 MONKEY FLOWER 
 
 1 winged stemmed 
 
 2 gaping flowered 
 MITCHELLA 
 
 creeping 
 CANICLE 
 
 two leaved, bastard Ame- 
 rican 
 MNIUM 
 
 2 
 
 MOUNTAIN MINT 
 
 1 Robin run-away 
 
 2 long leaved, soft, 
 
 3 dotted, horse mint 
 
 4 wrinkled, white 
 BIRD'S NEST 
 
 one flowered, broom rape 
 MULBERRY 
 
 red 
 MUCOR 
 
 2 
 
 SCORPION GRASS 
 
 1 prickly seeded 
 
 2 marsh 
 
 3 Virginian 
 
 CANDLE BERRY MYRTLE 
 
 1 wax bearing 
 
 2 sweet, common 
 
 3 Pennsylvania!! 
 CICELY ' 
 
 sweet rooted 
 
 NARTHECIUM 
 1 clammy
 
 59 
 
 NEOTTIA 
 
 1 sestivalis "1 
 
 Ophrys aestivalis > 
 Mich.J 
 
 2 cernua H'illd.') 
 
 O. cernua 5 
 
 3 pubescens Willd. ~\ 
 
 Satyrium repens S> 
 
 Mich.} 
 NEPETA 
 cataria 
 
 NEPHRUDIUM Mich. 
 POLYPOD1UM Auc. 
 
 1 acrostichoides Mich 
 
 2 cristatum Mich. 
 
 3 filix foemina Mich. 
 
 4 marginale 
 
 5 noveboracense 
 
 6 tenue Mich. 
 
 7 thelypteroides Mich. 
 NICOTIAN A 
 
 1 paniculata 
 
 3 rustica 
 NIGELLA 
 
 damascena 
 NYMPH^A 
 
 advena 
 alba 
 lutea 
 minima 
 odorata 
 rose a 
 JT. S. 
 
 Ait. 
 
 Ait. 
 
 Mich. I 
 )lia Ait. J 
 
 NYSSA 
 
 1 aquatica 
 
 biflora 
 integrifolia 
 
 2 villosa Mich. 
 
 triflora Wang. 
 
 CENOTHERA 
 
 1 biennis 
 
 2 fruticosa 
 
 . 3 grandiflora Ait. 
 
 4 longiflora 
 
 5 muricata 
 
 NEOTTIA 
 
 1 summer 
 
 2 drooping, ladies traces 
 
 3 variegated 
 
 CATMINT, or catnefi 
 common 
 
 SHIELD FERN 
 
 1 terminal 
 
 2 crested 
 
 3 female 
 
 4 marginal 
 
 5 New-York 
 
 6 slender 
 
 7 marsh 
 TOBACCO 
 
 1 panicled 
 
 2 common 
 FENNEL FLOWER 
 
 common 
 WATER LILY 
 
 1 striped flowered 
 
 2 white flowered 
 
 3 yellow flowered 
 
 4 small 
 
 5 sweet scented 
 
 6 rose like 
 
 7 JV. S. 
 TUPELO TREE 
 
 1 water sour gum 
 
 2 rough Pefifierldgt- 
 
 TREE PRIMROSE 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 perennial 
 
 3 large flowered 
 
 4 long flowered 
 
 5 prickly stalked
 
 60 
 
 6 parviflora 
 
 7 pumila 
 ONOCLEA 
 
 sensibilis 
 OPHIOGLOSSUM 
 
 vulgatum 
 ORCHIS 
 
 1 blephariglottis Wllld. 
 
 2 ciliaris 
 
 3 clavellata 
 
 Var. tridentata 
 
 4 flava 
 
 Var. virescens 
 
 5 lacera psycodes Willd. 
 
 6 psycodes L. 
 
 cristata Mich. 
 
 7 rotundifolia 
 
 8 quinqueseta Mich. 
 
 9 spectabilis 
 
 humilis Mich. 
 ORIGANUM 
 
 vulgare 
 ORNITHOGALUM 
 
 umbellatura 
 OROBANCHE 
 
 1 uniflora 
 
 2 virginiana 
 ORONTIUM 
 
 1 aquaticum 
 
 2 angustifolium 
 OSMUNDA 
 
 1 cinnamomea Mich. 
 
 2 claytonia Mich. 
 
 3 interrupta Mich. 
 
 4 regalis 
 OXALIS 
 
 1 acetosella 
 
 2 stricta 
 
 3 violacea 
 
 PANAX 
 
 1 quinquefolium 
 
 2 trifolium 
 PAN1CUM 
 
 1 crus-galli 
 
 2 dichotomum 
 
 6 small flowered 
 
 7 dwarf 
 ONOCLEA 
 
 sensitive fern 
 ADDER'S TONGUE 
 
 common 
 ORCHIS 
 
 1 white 
 
 2 orange coloured 
 
 3 yellow 
 
 4 ragged 
 
 5 short spurred 
 
 6 round leaved 
 
 7 club spurred 
 
 8 many lipped 
 
 9 pale, shewy 
 
 MARJORAM 
 
 common 
 STAR OF BETHLEHEM 
 
 umbel flowered 
 BROOM RAPE 
 
 1 one flowered 
 
 2 Virginian Cancer rool 
 ORONTIUM 
 
 1 water 
 
 2 pointed leaved 
 OSMUNDA 
 
 1 woolly 
 
 2 claytons 
 
 3 interrupted 
 
 4 flowering fern 
 WOOD SORREL 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 upright 
 
 3 violet coloured 
 
 GINSENG 
 
 1 officinal 
 
 2 three leaved 
 PANIC GRASS 
 
 1 cock's foot 
 
 2 divided branched
 
 61 
 
 3 hispidum 
 
 4 latifolium 
 
 5 pubescens 
 
 6 sanguinale 
 
 7 viride 
 PARNASSIA 
 
 1 americana 
 
 2 asarifolia 
 
 3 caroliniana Mich. 
 PASTINACA 
 
 noxia 
 PEDICULARIS 
 
 1 asplenifolia Muhl. 
 
 2 canadensis ? 
 
 verna 5 
 
 3 galericulata 
 
 4 gladiata Mich. 
 PENSTEMON 
 
 pubescens Ait. 
 
 Chelone pentstemon 
 PEZIZA 
 
 1 lentifera 
 
 2 punctata 
 PHALARIS 
 
 arundinacea 
 PHALLUS 
 
 impudica 
 PHILADELPHUS 
 
 odorus 
 PHLOX 
 
 1 divaricata 
 
 2 maeulata 
 
 3 paniculata 
 
 4 suaveolens Ait. 
 
 5 subulata 
 
 6 undulata 
 PHRYMA 
 
 leptostachya 
 PHYSALIS 
 
 pennsylvanica 
 PHYTOLACCA 
 
 decandra 
 PINUS 
 
 1 alba Ait. ) 
 
 laxa Ehrt. $ 
 
 2 balsamea 
 
 3 hispid 
 
 4 broad leaved 
 
 5 soft, hairy 
 
 6 bloody 
 
 7 green bottle grass 
 GRASS OF PARNASSUS 
 
 1 American 
 
 2 kidney leaved 
 
 3 Carolinian 
 PARSNEP 
 
 poisonous 
 LOUSE WORT 
 
 1 fern leaved 
 
 2 spring 
 
 4 yellow flowered 
 PENSTEMON 
 
 downy, purple 
 PEZIZA 
 
 2 dotted 
 CANARY GRASS 
 
 reed 
 PHALLUS 
 
 MOCK ORANGE 
 
 scented 
 LYCHNIDEA 
 
 1 blue, divaricated 
 
 2 spotted 
 
 3 panicled 
 
 4 white flowered 
 
 5 mountain pink 
 
 6 wave leaved 
 PHRYMA 
 
 small flowered 
 WINTER CHERRY 
 
 Pennsylvanian 
 POKE WEED 
 
 common 
 PINE or Jir tree 
 
 1 white 
 
 2 silver, Balm of Gilcad
 
 3 canadensis "1 
 
 
 Abies candensis J. 
 
 H. p.y 
 
 3 hemlock spruce 
 
 4 inops Ait. 
 
 4 Jersey or scrub pine 
 
 5 mitis Mich. 
 
 5 yellow pine, short leaved 
 
 6 nigra Ait. > 
 
 
 denticulata Mich. $ 
 
 6 black spruce 
 
 7 pedula Ait. 
 
 7 black larch 
 
 8 microcarpa 
 
 8 red larch 
 
 9 rigida Mich.f. > 
 resinosa Auct. } 
 
 9 pitch pine 
 
 10 rubra 
 
 10 red spruce fir 
 
 1 1 serotina Midi. 
 
 1 1 pond pine 
 
 12 strobus 
 
 12 Weymouth pine 
 
 13 taxifolia 
 
 13 Nootka fir 
 
 PISUM 
 
 PEA 
 
 maritimum 
 
 sea 
 
 PLANTAGO 
 
 PLANTAIN 
 
 1 cordata > 
 Var. microphylla 3 
 
 1 heart leaved. 
 
 2 lanceolata 
 
 2 rib wort 
 
 3 major 
 
 3 great 
 
 4 maritima 
 
 4 sea 
 
 5 media ? 
 
 
 Var. crassifolia} 
 
 5 hoary leaved 
 
 6 virginica 
 PLATANUS 
 
 6 Virginian 
 PLANE TREE or large but- 
 
 
 ton wood 
 
 o'ccidentalis 
 
 American 
 
 POA 
 
 MEADOW GRASS 
 
 1 annua 
 
 1 dwarf 
 
 2 compressa 
 3 palustris > 
 crocea Mich. 5 
 
 2 blue grass 
 3 marsh 
 
 4 pratensis 
 
 4 common 
 
 5 reptans 
 
 5 creeping 
 
 6 trivialis 
 
 6 field 
 
 PODALYRIA 
 
 PODALYRIA or Wild Indig* 
 
 baptista ~) 
 tinctoria Willd. 3 
 
 dyer's 
 
 PODOPHYLLUM 
 
 DUCK'S FOOT, May ajijile 
 
 peltatum 
 
 peltated 
 
 POLEMONIUM 
 
 JACOB'S LADDER 
 
 reptans 
 
 creeping 
 
 POLYGALA 
 
 MILKWORT 
 
 1 cruciata 
 
 1 cross shaped
 
 63 
 
 2 incarnata 
 
 2 flesh coloured 
 
 3 lutea > 
 nana Mich. 5 
 
 3 yellow flowered 
 
 4 paucifolia 
 
 4 evergreen snakeroot 
 
 5 rubella ~) 
 
 
 polygama Walt. 5 
 
 5 polygamous 
 
 6 sanguinea 
 
 6 bloody 
 
 7 senega 
 
 7 Senega snakeroot 
 
 8 verticillata 
 
 8 whorled leaved 
 
 POLYGONUM 
 
 KNOT WEED 
 
 1 arifolium 
 
 1 halbert leaved 
 
 2 aviculare 
 
 2 knot grass 
 
 3 coccineum 
 
 3 scarlet 
 
 4 fagopyrum 
 
 4 buck wheat 
 
 5 hydropiper 
 
 5 water pepper 
 
 6 lapathifolium Ait. 
 
 6 pale flowered 
 
 7 pennsylvanicum Curt. 
 
 7 Pennsylvania!! 
 
 8 persicaria 
 
 8 spotted 
 
 9 sagitatum 
 
 9 arrow leaved 
 
 10 scandens 
 
 10 climbing 
 
 1 1 virginianum > 
 rostratum 3 
 
 1 1 Virginian 
 
 POLYPODIUM 
 
 POLYPODY 
 
 1 hexagonopterum 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 virginicum 
 
 2 Virginian 
 
 3 vulgare 
 
 3 common 
 
 POLYTRICHUM 
 
 POLYTRICHUM 
 
 1 ambiguum 
 
 I ambiguous 
 
 2 pennsvlvanicura 
 
 2 Pennsvlvanian. 
 
 PONTEDERIA 
 
 PONTEDERIA 
 
 cordata 
 
 heart leaved 
 
 POPULUS 
 
 POPLAR TREE 
 
 I angulata Ait. ~) 
 angulosa Mich. 5 
 
 1 angular Cotton tree 
 
 2 balsamifera 
 
 2 Tacamahac Balscnn 
 
 
 fio filar 
 
 3 candicans 
 
 3 heart leaved 
 
 4 grandidentata Mich. 
 
 trepida Muhl. 
 
 5 heterophylla 
 
 6 monilifera 
 
 7 tremuloides Mich. 
 PORTULACA 
 
 oleracea 
 POTENTILLA 
 1 anserina 
 
 4 Canada 
 
 5 various leaved 
 6 
 
 7 smooth Asfien 
 PURSLAIN 
 common 
 CINQUEFOIL 
 
 1 wild tansy
 
 64 
 
 2 canadensis 
 
 3 fruticosa 
 
 4 floribunda A". S. 
 
 5 hirsuta 
 
 6 pennsylvanica 
 
 7 M S. affin. Perm. 
 
 8 recta 
 
 9 rep tans 
 
 10 sarmentosa Willd. 
 \ 1 simplex 
 POTHOS 
 
 1 foetida Ait. 
 
 Dracontium foetidum 
 PRENANTHES 
 
 1 alba 
 
 2 altissima 
 
 3 cordata 
 
 4 mu rails 
 
 5 spicata Walt. 
 
 6 virgata seu rubicund a 
 PRIMULA 
 
 1 farinosa 
 
 2 mistasinica 
 PRINUS 
 
 1 glaber 
 
 2 do. Var. 
 
 3 lanceolatus 
 
 4 loevigatus 
 
 5 montanus JV. 
 
 6 padifolius 
 
 7 verticillatus 
 PRUNELLA 
 
 1 rnariana 
 
 2 pennsylvanica 
 
 ovata H. P. 
 
 3 vulgaris 
 PRUNUS 
 
 Don, 
 
 2 Canada 
 
 3 shrubby 
 
 4 many flowered 
 
 5 hairy 
 
 6 Pennsylvania!! 
 7 
 
 3 upright 
 9 creeping 
 
 10 running 
 
 1 1 simple 
 POTHOS 
 
 1 americana 
 
 2 canadensis 
 
 3 montana JV". -S. 
 
 4 pennsylvanica 
 
 borealis Mich 
 
 5 nigra (americana) 
 
 6 pumila 
 
 7 serotina 
 
 8 virginiana 
 
 . 7 
 3 
 
 PRENANTHES 
 
 1 white flowered 
 
 2 tall 
 
 3 heart leaved 
 
 4 wall 
 
 5 spiked 
 
 6 red flowered 
 PRIMROSE 
 
 1 birds' eye 
 
 2 Canadian 
 WINTER BERRY 
 
 1 evergreen Ink berry 
 
 3 spear leaved 
 
 4 smooth 
 
 5 mountain 
 
 6 broad leaved 
 
 7 whorled 
 SELF HEAL 
 
 1 sea 
 
 2 Pennsylvania!! 
 
 3 common 
 CHERRY TREE 
 
 1 American 
 
 2 Canadian 
 
 3 mountain 
 
 4 upright 
 
 5 yellow plumb 
 
 6 dwarf plumb 
 
 7 wild cherry 
 
 8 choke cherry
 
 65 
 
 PTERIS 
 
 1 aquilina 
 
 2 atropurpurea 
 PULMONARIA 
 
 1 sibirica 
 
 2 virginica 
 PYCNANTHEMUM 
 
 1 canescens Midi. 
 
 2 incanum Mich. 
 PYROLA 
 
 1 asarifolia 
 
 2 maculata 
 
 3 minor 
 
 4 rotundifolia 
 
 5 sccunda 
 
 6 umbellata 
 
 7 uniflora 
 PYXIDANTHERA 
 
 barbulata Mich. 
 PYRUS 
 
 1 botryapium Willd. 
 
 2 cydonia 
 
 3 erythrocarpa 
 
 4 melanocarpa 
 
 5 ovalis 
 
 QUERCUS 
 
 1 alba 
 
 2 bicolor 
 
 3 castanea 
 
 4 coccinea Mich, 
 
 5 falcata 
 
 6 filiformis 
 
 7 ilicifolia Willd. 
 
 banisteri Mich. 
 
 8 macrocarpa Mich. 
 
 9 montana II- Hid. 
 
 prnus 
 10 monticola 
 1 1 olivaeformis 
 
 12 heterophylla 
 
 13 nigra ~> 
 
 ferruginea 5 
 
 14 obtusiloba Mich. ? 
 
 stellata Willd. 5 
 
 15 palustris Mlch.~) 
 
 Var. humilis5 
 
 BRAKE 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 purple 
 LUNG WORT 
 
 1 Siberian 
 
 2 Virginian 
 MOUNTAIN MINT 
 
 1 white 
 
 2 hoary 
 WINTER GREEN 
 
 1 kidney leaved 
 
 2 variegated leaved 
 
 3 small 
 
 4 round leaved 
 
 5 notched leaved 
 
 6 umbelled 
 
 7 one flowered 
 PYXIDANTHERA 
 
 bearded 
 PEAR OR APPLE 
 
 1 blue fruited 
 
 2 common quince 
 
 3 red fruited 
 
 4 black fruited 
 $ oval leaved 
 
 OAK 
 
 1 -common white 
 
 2 swamp 
 
 3 yellow, chesnut 
 
 4 scarlet 
 
 5 Spanish, downy, red 
 
 6 long stalked 
 
 7 scrub or barren 
 
 8 large fruited 
 
 9 rock chesnut 
 
 10 rock oak 
 
 1 1 mossy cup 
 
 12 various leaved 
 
 13 black jack 
 
 14 post white 
 
 15 pin
 
 66 
 
 16 prinus > 
 
 prinus palustris Mich. 5 
 
 17 maritima 
 
 18 prinoides 
 
 19 rubra 
 
 20 tinctoria 
 
 21 triloba 
 QUERIA 
 
 canadensis "J 
 
 Anychia dichotoma > 
 
 Mich.} 
 
 RANUNCULUS 
 
 1 acris 
 
 2 bulbosus 
 
 3 hirsutus N. S. 
 
 4 flammula 
 
 5 marilandicus 
 
 6 pennsylvanicus 
 
 7 saniculaeformis 
 
 8 sceleratus 
 
 9 recurvatus 
 10 trifoliatus 
 
 RAPHANISTRUM 
 
 luteum 
 RHAMNUS 
 
 catharticv^s 
 RHEXIA 
 
 1 virginica 
 
 2 fungosa N. S. 
 
 3 JV. 5. 
 
 RHINANTHUS 
 
 virginicus 
 RHODODENDRON 
 
 maximum. 
 RHODORA 
 
 canadensis 
 RHUS 
 
 1 copallinum 
 
 aestivale 
 
 2 glabrum 
 
 3 foetans ' f 
 
 4 radicans 
 
 5 toxicodendron 
 
 6 typhinum 
 
 7 vernix 
 
 16 chesnut white 
 
 17 sea willow 
 
 18 chinquapin 
 
 19 red 
 
 20 black, dyers' 
 
 21 downy black 
 QUERIA 
 
 forked 
 
 CROW FOOT 
 
 1 upright 
 
 2 bulbous 
 
 3 hairy 
 
 4 small Spear wort 
 
 5 Maryland 
 
 6 Pennsylvanian 
 
 7 sanicle leaved 
 
 8 celery^ leaved 
 
 9 bent 
 
 10 three leaved 
 RAPHANISTRUM- 
 
 marsh 
 BUCK THORN 
 
 purging 
 RHEXIA 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 fungous N. S. 
 
 3 JV. S. 
 
 YELLOW RATTLE 
 
 Virginian 
 ROSE BAY 
 
 mountain laurel 
 RHODORA 
 
 Canada 
 SUMACH 
 
 1 copal 
 
 2 common, smooth . 
 
 3 stinking 
 
 4 climbing poison vine 
 
 5 trailing poison oak 
 
 6 woolly 
 
 7 varnish tree
 
 
 67 
 
 RISES 
 
 CURRANT 
 
 1 atropurpureum 
 
 1 dark red 
 
 2 cynosbate 
 
 2 prickly fruited 
 
 3 floridum Willd. 
 
 3 large fruited 
 
 4 glandulosum 
 
 4 glanulous, procumbent 
 
 5 gracile Mich. 
 
 5 slender, two flowered 
 
 6 rigens Mich. 
 
 6 upright, red fruited 
 
 7 JV*. S. fruct. alba. 
 
 7 JV. S. 
 
 8 JV. S. Cattskill 
 
 8 JV. S. 
 
 ROBINIA 
 
 ROBINIA Locust tree 
 
 1 pseud-acacia 
 
 1 false acassia 
 
 2 viscosa 7 
 glutinosa Curt. 5 
 
 2 clammy 
 
 ROSA 
 
 ROSE 
 
 1 caroliniana > 
 parviflora Muhl. 3 
 
 1 Pennsylvania 
 
 2 canina 
 
 2 dog rose 
 
 3 corymbosa 
 
 3 swamp 
 
 4 gemella 
 
 4 twin flowered 
 
 5 lucida Ekrt. 
 
 5 shining leaved 
 
 6 rubiginosa 
 
 6 sweet briar 
 
 RUBUS 
 
 BRAMBLE 
 
 1 hispidus 
 
 1 strawberry leaved 
 
 2 lucidus JV. 5. 
 
 2 shining 
 
 3 occidentals 
 
 3 American raspberry 
 
 4 odoratus 
 
 4 flowering raspberry 
 
 5 parvifolius TFafr. 
 
 5 small leaved blackberry 
 
 6 plicatus JV. 5. 
 
 6- 
 
 
 7 procumbens 
 
 7 dewberry 
 
 8 strigosus Mich. 
 
 8 mountain 
 
 9 villosus Ait. 7 
 vulpinus -De*/". ) 
 
 9 American blackberry 
 
 in v *? 
 
 l o .A^ S 
 
 11 V S CattsHll 
 
 1 1 A". 5. 
 
 RUDBECKIA 
 
 RUDBECKIA 
 
 1 aspera 
 
 1 rough 
 
 2 digitata 
 
 2 digitated 
 
 S laciniata 
 
 3 jagged leaved 
 
 4 triloba 
 
 4 three lobed 
 
 RUMEX 
 
 DOCK 
 
 1 acetosella 
 
 1 sheep sorrel 
 
 2 acutus 
 
 2 sharp pointed 
 
 3 aquaticus 
 
 3 water 
 
 4 crispatulus 
 
 4 curled 
 
 5 persicarioides 
 
 5 arsesmart leaved
 
 68 
 
 6 sanguineus 
 
 6 bloody 
 
 7 verticillatus 
 
 7 whorled 
 
 SAGITTARIA 
 
 ARROW-HEAD 
 
 1 graminifolia 
 
 1 grass leaved 
 
 2 heterophylla 
 
 2 various leaved 
 
 3 latifolia WUld. 
 
 3 broad leaved 
 
 4 obtusa Muhl. ? 
 simplex Pers. $ 
 
 4 blunt leaved 
 
 5 pubescens 
 
 5 hairy 
 
 6 sagitti folia 
 
 6 pointed leaved 
 
 SALICORNIA 
 
 GLASS WORT 
 
 1 ambigua 
 
 1 doubtful 
 
 2 herbacea 
 
 2 marsh 
 
 3 virginica 
 
 3 Virginian 
 
 SALIX 
 
 WILLOW 
 
 1 caroliniana 
 
 1 Carolina 
 
 2 conifera Willd \ 
 longirostris Mich. ' 
 
 2 cone bearing: 
 
 3 discolor 
 
 3 red rooted 
 
 4 incana Mich. 
 
 4 hoary 
 
 5 myricoides Muhf. 
 
 5 gale leaved 
 
 6 nigra Muhl. 
 
 6 black 
 
 7 palustris N. S, 
 
 7 marsh 
 
 8 Y S 
 
 8 JV. S. 
 
 SALSOLA 
 
 SALT WORT 
 
 1 kali 
 
 1 prickly 
 
 2 soda 
 
 2 long leaved 
 
 SALVIA 
 
 SAGE 
 
 1 lyrata 
 
 1 lyre leaved 
 
 2 officinalis . 
 
 2 officinal or common 
 
 SAMBUCUS 
 
 ELDER 
 
 1 canadensis > 
 
 1 Canadian black berried 
 
 atropurpurea^ 
 
 
 2 pubescens Mic/i.J 
 rubra 
 
 2 red berried 
 
 SANGUINARIA 
 
 BLOOD ROOT 
 
 canadensis 
 
 American Puccoon 
 
 SANGUISORBA 
 
 BURNET SAXIFRAGE 
 
 1 canadensis 
 
 1 long spiked 
 
 1 media 
 
 2 short spiked 
 
 SAN1CULA 
 
 SANICLE 
 
 1 canadensis 
 
 1 Canadian 
 
 2 marilandica 
 
 2 Maryland, black snake 
 
 
 root 
 
 SAPONARIA 
 
 SOAP \VORT 
 
 officinalis 
 
 common 
 
 *
 
 69 
 
 SARRACENIA 
 
 1 purpurea 
 
 2 do. Tar. 
 SAURURUS 
 
 cernuus 
 SAXIFRAGA 
 
 1 nivalis (vernalis) 
 
 2 pennsylvanica 
 
 3 virginica Mick. 
 SCHEUCHZERIA 
 
 palustris 
 SCHCENUS 
 
 1 albus 
 
 2 ciliaris 
 
 3 glomeratus 
 
 4 fuscus 
 
 5 setaceus 
 
 6 sparsus 
 SCIRPUS 
 
 1 capitatus 
 
 2 lacustris 
 
 3 macrostachius Mich. 
 
 4 sylvaticus 
 
 5 triqueter Mich. 
 
 americanus. Pers. 
 SCUTELLARIA 
 
 1 galericulata 
 
 2 hyssopifolia 
 
 3 integrifolia 
 
 4 lateriflora 
 
 5 ovalifolia Pers. 
 
 eliptica 
 
 6 parviflora 
 SELINUM 
 
 canadense 
 SENECIO 
 
 1 aureus 
 
 2 balsamitae 
 
 3 canadensis 
 
 4 hieracifolius 
 
 5 obovatus 
 SILENE 
 
 pennsylvanica Mich. 
 SINAPIS 
 nigra 
 
 SIDE SADDLE FLOWER 
 
 1 purple 
 
 2 , 
 LIZARD'S TAIL 
 
 nodding 
 SAXIFRAGE 
 
 1 early 
 
 2 common American 
 
 3 Virginian 
 SCHEUCHZERIA 
 
 marsh 
 DOG RUSH 
 
 1 white 
 
 2 fringed 
 
 3 round headed 
 
 4 brown 
 
 5 bristly 
 
 6 spreading 
 CLUB RUSH 
 
 1 headed 
 
 2 bulrush 
 
 3 large spiked 
 
 4 wood 
 
 5 three sided 
 
 SCULL CAP 
 
 1 common 
 
 2 hyssop leaved 
 
 3 entire leared 
 
 4 lateral flowered 
 
 5 oval leaved 
 
 6 small flowered 
 MILK PARSLEY 
 
 Canadian 
 GROUNDSEL 
 
 1 golden, heart leaved 
 
 2 balsamita like 
 
 3 Canadian 
 
 4 hawk weed leaved 
 
 5 obovate leaved 
 CATCH FLY 
 
 Pennsylvanian 
 MUSTARD 
 black
 
 70 
 
 I 
 
 Muhl. 
 
 SISYMBRIUM 
 
 nasturtium 
 SISYRINCHIUM 
 
 1 anceps- Lmk. 
 
 gramineum Curt. 
 
 2 mucronatum Mich. 
 SMILAX 
 
 1 caduca 
 
 2 glauca Mich. 
 
 sarsaparilla 
 
 3 herbacea 
 
 4 hispida 
 
 5 laurifolia 
 
 6 peduncularis 
 
 7 quadrangularis 
 
 8 rotundifolia 
 SMYRNIUM 
 
 1 aureum 
 
 2 barbinode 
 
 3 integerimum 
 
 4 trifoliatum > 
 
 thapsia L. 
 SOLANUM 
 
 1 dulcamara 
 
 2 nigrum 
 SOLIDAGO 
 
 1 arguta 
 
 2 axillaris JV*. 51 
 
 3 aspera 
 
 4 canadensis 
 
 5 ciliaris 
 
 6 flexicaulis 
 
 7 gigantea 
 
 8 lanceolata Ait. 
 
 spec, graminifolia 
 
 9 latifolia 
 
 10 noveboracensis 
 
 11 nemoralis Ait. 
 
 12 odora Ait. 
 
 13 patula 
 
 14 rigida 
 
 15 rugosa 
 
 16 scabra 
 
 17 squarrosa 
 
 18 sempervirens 
 
 19 ulmifolia 
 
 SISYMBRIUM 
 water cress 
 SISYRINCHIUM 
 
 1 grass leaved 
 
 2 blue eyed grass 
 SMILAX 
 
 1 deciduous 
 
 2 medicinal 
 
 3 herbaceous 
 
 4 hispid 
 
 5 laurel leaved 
 
 6 long stslked 
 
 7 square stalked 
 
 8 round leaved 
 ALEXANDERS 
 
 1 golden 
 
 2 bearded 
 
 3 entire leaved 
 
 4 heart leaved 
 
 NIGHTSHADE 
 
 1 bitter sweet 
 
 2 common 
 GOLDEN ROD 
 
 1 sharp notched 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 rough leaved 
 
 4 Canadian 
 
 5 ciliated 
 
 6 bent stalked 
 
 7 gigantic 
 
 8 spear leaved 
 
 9 broad leaved 
 
 10 New-York 
 
 1 1 wood 
 
 12 sweet scented 
 
 1 3 open branched 
 1 4, hard leaved 
 
 1 5 wrinkled leaved 
 
 16 rough 
 
 17 scurfy 
 
 18 narrow leaved 
 
 19 elm leaved
 
 71 
 
 20 virga aurea 
 
 21 JV. S. 
 
 22 JV. 5. 
 
 23 JV. S. afF. virga. aurea. 
 
 24 JV. S. aff. concolor 
 
 25 JV. S. Cattskill 
 
 26 petiolaris 
 SONCHUS 
 
 1 alpinus 
 
 2 acuminatus 
 
 3 arvensis 
 
 4 floridanus 
 
 5 leucophleus 
 
 6 oleraceus ~) 
 
 Var. asper 5 
 
 7 pallid us mild. 
 
 8 palustris 
 
 9 macrophyllus 
 SORBUS 
 
 montana JV. S. 
 SPARGANIUM 
 
 erectum 
 SPARTINA 
 
 1 glabra 
 
 2 polystachia 
 
 Trachynotia Mich. 
 SPARGANOPHORUS 
 verticillatus Mich. 
 SPARTIUM 
 
 scoparium 
 SPHAGNUM 
 
 vulgare Mich. 
 
 latifolium Hed. 
 SPIR.EA 
 
 1 alba 
 
 2 aruncus 
 
 3 crenata 
 
 4 corymbosa 
 
 carpinifolia Willd. 
 
 5 hypericifolia 
 
 6 lobata 
 
 7 montana 
 
 8 opuiifolia 
 
 9 stipulata 
 10 tomentosa 
 
 20 common 
 
 21 JV. S. 
 
 22 J\r. S. 
 
 23 
 
 24 - 
 
 26 late flowered 
 SOW THISTLE 
 
 1 Alpine Canadian 
 
 2 pointed 
 
 3 corn 
 
 4 large flowered 
 
 5 white flowered 
 
 6 common 
 
 7 pale 
 
 8 marsh 
 
 9 large leaved 
 SERVICE TREE 
 
 * mountain 
 BURR REED 
 
 upright 
 ROUGH GRASS 
 
 1 smooth 
 
 2 many spiked 
 
 SPARGANOPHORUS 
 
 whorled 
 BROOM 
 
 common 
 SPHAGNUM, Peat Mot* 
 
 broad leaved 
 
 SPIRAEA 
 
 1 white flowered 
 
 2 goats' beard 
 
 3 crenated 
 
 4 broad leaved 
 
 5 St. Johns wort leaved 
 
 6 lobe leaved 
 
 7 mountain 
 
 8 snow ball leaved 
 
 9 large stipuled 
 10 downy leaved
 
 11 trifoliata 
 
 Gillenia trifoliata 
 
 Mcench.j 
 STACHYS 
 
 1 aspera Mich. 
 
 2 tenuifolia Muhl. 
 STAPHYLEA 
 
 1 pinnata Far. 
 
 2 trifoliata 
 STATICE 
 
 limonium 
 
 TEUCRIUM 
 
 1 canadense 
 
 2 virginicum 
 THALICTRUM 
 
 1 rugosum Ait. 
 
 2 affin. 
 
 THESIUM 
 
 umbellatum 
 THLAPSI 
 
 1 arvense 
 
 2 bursa pastoris 
 
 3 campestre 
 THUYA 
 
 occidentalis 
 THYMUS 
 
 virginicus 
 TIARELLA 
 
 corclitblia 
 TILIA 
 
 1 americana 
 
 2 glabra 
 
 3 pubescens 
 TRICHOSTEMMA 
 
 1 dichotoma 
 
 2 lineare 
 TRIENTALIS 
 
 europea 
 TRIFOLIUM 
 
 1 arvense 
 
 2 pennsylvanicum 
 
 3 repens 
 TRILLIUM 
 
 1 erectum 
 
 11 Indian physic, ipecacu- 
 anha 
 
 HEDGE NETTLE 
 
 1 rough 
 
 2 thin leaved 
 BLADDER NUT 
 
 1 pinnated 
 
 2 three leaved 
 THRIFT 
 
 marsh rosemary 
 
 GERMANDER 
 
 1 nettle leaved 
 
 2 Virginian 
 MEADOW RUE 
 
 1 rough leaved 
 
 2 
 
 BASTARD TOAD FLAX 
 
 umbelled 
 BASTARD CRESS 
 
 1 penny cress 
 
 2 shepherd's purse 
 
 3 mithridate mustard 
 ARBOR V1TM 
 
 American White cedar 
 THYME 
 
 Virginian 
 TIARELLA 
 
 heart leaved 
 LIME OR LINDEN TREE 
 
 1 bass wood 
 
 2 smooth, bass wood. 
 
 3 white wood hairy 
 TRICHOSTEMMA 
 
 1 branched 
 
 2 linear leaved 
 WINTER GREEN 
 
 chick weed 
 CLOVER OR TREFOIL 
 
 1 hare's foot 
 
 2 Pennsylvania!! 
 
 3 white clover 
 TRILLIUM 
 
 rectum \ { upr j ght fl owercd 
 
 atropurpureum Cwr/.J
 
 73 
 
 2 erythrocarpon Mich. > 
 undulatum 3 
 
 2 red fruited 
 
 3 grandiflorum 
 
 3 tulip 
 
 4 luteum 
 
 4 yellow 
 
 5 pendulum 
 
 5 pendent 
 
 6 pictum 
 
 6 dotted 
 
 7 pusillum 
 
 7 dwarf 
 
 8 sessile atropurpureum 
 
 8 sessile 
 
 9 umbellatum 
 
 9 umbellated 
 
 TRIOSTEUM 
 
 FEVER WORT 
 
 perfoliatum > 
 majus Mich. 3 
 
 perfoliate 
 
 TROLLIUS 
 
 GLOBE FLOWER 
 
 americaniis Muhl. 
 
 American 
 
 TURRITIS 
 
 TOWER MUSTARD 
 
 1 hirsuta 
 
 1 hairy 
 
 2 laevigata 
 
 2 American smooth 
 
 TYPHA 
 
 CAT'S TAIL or Rccd 
 
 1 angustifolia 
 
 1 narrow leaved 
 
 2 latifolia 
 
 2 broad leaved 
 
 ULMUS 
 
 ELM TREE 
 
 1 americana 
 
 1 common weeping 
 
 2 aspera ? 
 fulva Mich. 5 
 
 2 slippery, red 
 
 UNIOLA 
 
 SPIKE GRASS 
 
 spicata ? 
 Festuca distichophylla 3 
 
 common 
 
 UMBILICARIA 
 
 UMBILICARIA 
 
 1 pustulata 
 
 1 blistered 
 
 2v A!I AQ 
 
 o 
 
 VCllOct 
 
 URTICA 
 
 NETTLE 
 
 1 canadensis 
 
 1 Canadian 
 
 2 divaricata 
 
 2 divaricated 
 
 3 gracilis 
 
 3 slender stalked 
 
 4 procera 
 
 4 tall 
 
 5 pumila 
 
 5 dwarf 
 
 6 urens 
 
 6 lesser 
 
 7 whitlowi Muhl. 
 
 7 Whitlow's* 
 
 Ma tit 
 
 * Dr. Muhlenberefs Description of the Urtica JVluthvi. 
 
 Caule. 5 angulo, simplici, orgyali, urente. 
 
 Foliis alternis, cordato-ovatis, acutis, serratis, trinerviis, punctatis. 
 
 petiolatis, supremis oppositis. 
 Stipula bifida.
 
 URTICULARIA 
 
 ceratophylla 
 UVULAR1A 
 
 1 langiinosa 
 
 2 lanceolata 
 
 3 perfoliata 
 
 4 rosea 
 
 5 ses siii folia 
 
 VACCINIUM 
 
 1 album 
 
 2 cespitosum 
 
 3 corymbosum L. 
 
 amcenum Ait. 
 tlisomorphum Mich. 
 
 4 frondosum 1 
 
 glaucum Mich. J 
 
 5 ligustrinum Mich. 
 
 6 macrocarpon Ait. 
 
 7 oxycoccus 
 
 8 pennsylvanicum Mich. 
 
 9 resinosum Ait. 
 
 10 myrtilloides 
 
 1 1 stanfrineum 
 
 12 tenellum 
 
 13 venustum 
 
 14 virgatum pennsylvani- 
 
 [cum Mich. 
 VALERIANA 
 pauciflora 
 VERATRUM 
 
 1 luteum 
 
 2 viride Ait. 
 VERBASCUM 
 
 J blattaria 
 
 2 thapsus 
 
 VERBENA 
 
 1 hsstata 
 
 2 urticifolla 
 
 HOODED MILFOIL 
 
 horn leaved 
 BELLWORT 
 
 1 
 
 woolly 
 
 2 spear leaved 
 
 3 perfoliate 
 
 4 rose coloured 
 
 5 sessile leaved 
 
 WHORTLE BERRY 
 
 1 white 
 
 2 dwarf 
 
 3 broad leaved bilberry 
 
 4 bushy 
 
 5 privet leaved 
 
 6 American cranberry 
 
 7 common 
 
 8 sugar 
 
 9 clammy 
 
 10 bluets 
 
 1 1 green wooded 
 
 12 gale leaved 
 
 13 red twigged 
 
 14 blue huckle berry 
 
 VALERIAN 
 
 three leaved 
 SWAMP HELLEBORE 
 
 1 nodding ("blazing 1 star} 
 
 2 green flowered 
 MULLEIN 
 
 1 moth 
 
 2 great 
 VERVAIN 
 
 1 halbert leaved 
 
 2 nettle leaved 
 
 Paniculis pedunculatis, axillaribus, dichotomis,hirsutis,petiololongi* 
 
 oribus masculis, et terminalibus foemineis 
 Capsula orbicularis, compressa, mucronata, proxime divaricata et can- 
 
 densis. 
 Radix perennis, tuberosa.
 
 75 
 
 VERNONIA 
 
 noveboracensis Mich. 
 VERONICA 
 
 1 anagallis 
 
 2 beccaburga 
 
 3 ofticinalis 
 
 4 serpyllifolia 
 
 5 virginica 
 VIBURNUM 
 
 1 acerifolium 
 
 2 arboreum Bart. 
 
 pyrifolium 
 
 3 cassinoides 
 
 4 cyaneum VHer. 
 
 5 dentatum 
 
 6 laevigatum 
 
 7 lantanoides Mich. 
 
 8 lentago 
 
 9 luteum 
 
 10 molle 
 
 1 1 nitidum 
 
 12 nudum 
 
 Var. squatnmatum 
 
 13 opuloides 
 
 14 pimina Mich. 
 
 15 prunifolium 
 VICIA 
 
 1 americana 
 
 2 cracca 
 
 3 parviflora 
 
 4 pusila 
 VINCA 
 
 minor 
 VIOLA 
 
 l 
 
 Ait. 
 
 cucullata 
 
 2 lanceolata 
 
 3 pallida Muhl. 
 
 4 palmata Ait. 
 
 5 pedata 
 
 6 primuliiblia 
 
 7 pubescens Ait. 
 
 pennsylvanica Mich. 
 
 8 obliqua Ait. 
 
 9 rostrata JV. S. 
 10 sagittata 
 
 VERNONIA 
 
 common 
 SPEEDWELL 
 
 1 pimpernel or water 
 
 2 brooklime 
 
 3 officinal 
 
 4 smooth Paul'a betony 
 
 5 Virginian 
 VIBURNUM 
 
 1 maple leaved 
 
 2 tall 
 
 3 thick leaved 
 4 
 
 5 tooth leaved 
 
 6 smooth 
 
 7 hobble bush 
 
 8 pear leaved 
 
 9 
 
 10 woolly 
 
 1 1 shining 
 
 1 2 naked, oval leaved 
 
 13 shrub cranberry 
 14 
 
 15 plum leaved, black hued 
 VETCH 
 
 1 American 
 
 2 tufted 
 
 3 small flowered 
 
 4 small 
 PERIWINKLE 
 
 small 
 VIOLET 
 
 1 hollow leaved 
 
 2 spear leaved 
 
 3 pale 
 
 4 palmated 
 
 5 multifid 
 
 6 prim rose leaved 
 
 7 yellow flowered 
 
 8 oblique flowered 
 
 9 beak flowered 
 
 10 arrow leaved 
 
 11 A". &
 
 UCStJ 
 
 VITIS 
 
 1 hirsuta A*. S. 
 
 2 labrusca > 
 
 taurina Walt. 5 
 
 3 riparia Mich. 
 
 4 vulpina 
 
 cordifolia Mich. 
 
 XANTHIUM 
 
 orientale 
 XYRIS 
 
 1 anceps Per*. 
 
 jupicai Mich. 
 
 2 brevifolia 
 
 ZANTHOXYLUM 
 
 fraxineum Willd. 
 americanum 
 
 76 
 
 VINE or GRAPE 
 
 1 hairy 
 
 2 fox 
 
 3 river or sand 
 
 4 winter or chicken 
 
 XANTHIUM 
 
 eastern 
 XYRIS 
 
 1 two edged 
 
 2 shorth leaved 
 
 TOOTH ACHE TREE 
 common