PASUMALAI.
 
 LIBRARY ()F 
 
 a ~> ^.nio 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 PASUMALAI 
 
 HALF CENTURY RECORD 
 
 lissi0n Institution, 
 
 MADURA: 
 
 PBINTED AT THE LENOX PBESS, PASCMALAI. 
 1895.
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 PASUMALAI 1 
 
 JUBILEE CELEBRATION 3 
 
 PERSONNEL ... ... ... ... ... 6 
 
 PROGRESS ... ... ... ... ... 14 
 
 THE PLANT OP THE INSTITUTION ... ... 29 
 
 THE: ENDOWMENT FUND ... ... ... 34 
 
 CONCLUSION 41 
 
 DR. WASHBURN'S ADDRESS... ... ... 47 
 
 APPENDIX I. EARLY MINUTES OF THE MISSION 81 
 
 THE SEMINARY'S FIRST COURSE OP STUDY ... 86 
 
 APPENDIX II. SCHOOL PLANT AND COST ... 88 
 
 APPENDIX III. TEACHING STAFF 91 
 
 APPENDIX IV. STUDENTS' LIST ... ... 96 
 
 SEMINARY STUDENTS ... ... ... ... 103 
 
 PASSED FIRST ARTS STUDENTS ... ... 107 
 
 PASSED MATRICULATION ... ... ... 109 
 
 PASSED NORMAL STUDENTS ... ... 112 
 
 PASSED LOWER SECONDARY ... ... ...115 
 
 APPENDIX V. PASUMALAI MEMORAHDA ... 119 
 APPENDIX VI A. THE SCHOLARSHIP FUND ... 137 
 APPENDIX VI B. SUBSCRIBERS FOR ENDOWMENT 
 FUND . .138 
 
 r: 
 \ 
 
 0001 r
 
 
 American Board of Commissioners for 
 Foreign Missions the first Missionary Society 
 organized in the United States began work at 
 Jaffna, Ceylon, in 1816. In 1831, sixty-one years 
 ago, two of the members of that mission came to 
 Madura and opened the work o the present Mad- 
 ura Mission. The American Board represented 
 then, as it does now, some of the most intelligent 
 Christian churches in the United States churches 
 whose members have founded and maintained a 
 large number of Colleges and Seminaries through- 
 out that land and have always regarded a sound 
 education as the next thing to, and auxiliary of, 
 Christian faith and piety in the regeneration and 
 elevation of a people. It is therefore natural that 
 the society itself and the missionaries whom it has 
 sent forth should, in their work, emphasize the 
 importance of imparting to their converts at least 
 a common education and of raising an intelligent 
 and well trained native agency. The many efforts
 
 and the abundant labors of the Madura Mission in 
 this department of its work are well described by 
 Dr. Washburn in the interesting paper which fol- 
 lows. That a consistent policy in this matter has 
 not been maintained from the first is due not so 
 much to a change of principle as to a difference of 
 opinion concerning methods of applying the prin- 
 ciple to our educational work. 
 
 But whatever divergence of opinion existed 
 in the past, there is certainly none at present con- 
 cerning the utility and importance of the educa- 
 tional work of the Mission. The unanimity and 
 cordiality with which both the mission and the 
 officers of our Board have recently supported our 
 general educational work and have in particular 
 enlarged and developed the higher institutions, 
 for young women in Madura and for young men 
 at Pasumalai, bear evidence to this. 
 
 PASUMALAI. 
 
 Pasumalai ("cow mountain") is the name of a 
 small hill, something over 200 feet high, and three 
 miles to the south-west of the town of Madura. Fifty 
 years ago the mission secured from the government 
 a grant of some 40 acres of land at the southern 
 foot and on the slope of this hill for the purpose 
 of establishing thereon an educational institution.
 
 3 
 
 On the borders of this land was situated a small 
 hamlet of Kallars (robber caste) which, in suggest- 
 ive contrast to all around, has remained about the 
 same during all these years. It is a healthy site. 
 Why the mission should have chosen this spot for 
 the institution is not altogether apparent to-day. 
 Proximity to Madura was doubtless deemed a 
 necessity; and yet that proximity must not be too 
 great lest the students be subjected to constant 
 distractions and temptations. Hence, we presume, 
 the present distance from the town. In view of 
 modern developments and of present needs we 
 cannot help envying the Hindu Club its good for- 
 tune and wishing that our distance from Madura 
 were halved or quartered. And yet we are sensi- 
 ble of the important advantages which arise to an 
 institution like this from its quiet and isolated 
 position advantages which will probably grow 
 with the institution itself. 
 
 THE JUBILEE CELEBRATION. 
 
 In September 1892, the Mission celebrated the 
 Jubilee of the founding of the institution at Tiru- 
 mangalam. At this latter place the School was 
 first opened Sept. 4, 1842, and conducted there for 
 three years. After this it was transferred to Pasu- 
 malai. It was therefore deemed a matter of suffi-
 
 4 
 
 cient pleasure and importance three years ago to 
 publicly celebrate this fiftieth anniversary of the 
 institution. 
 
 A large number of the alumni, former students 
 and friends of the institution crowded the halls of 
 Pasumalai on Sept. 15, 1892, and with many words 
 of filial affection and with much festivity, set their 
 seal upon the institution's half century of noble 
 history and faithful labor. The following is a pro- 
 gramme of the day's proceedings: 
 
 PROGRAMME. 
 
 GENERAL MEETING 810 A.M. 
 REV. G. T. WASHBPRN, D.D., Chairman. 
 ME. GRANT ASIBVATHAM, Vice-Chairman. 
 
 Music Band. 
 
 Singing " He who hath trusted".. College Choir. 
 Reading the Scriptures, Ps. 67 ... Rev. H. C. Hazen, M.A. 
 Prayer ... ... ... ... Rev. J. C. Perkins, M.A. 
 
 Address of Welcome ... ... Rev. J. P. Jones, M.A. 
 
 Singing Tamil Lyric ... ... Theological Students. 
 
 Historical Paper Rev. G. T. Washburn, D.D. 
 
 Singing Pasumalai Song ... ... College Choir. 
 
 Address The Aim of the Past, } 
 the Hope of the Future Char- > Rev. J. E. Tracy, M.A. 
 acter ... ... ... ...j 
 
 Singing ' Praise waiteth for Thee'. College Choir. 
 Addresses 
 The Old Education Mr. L. A. Sami Aiyar. 
 
 The New Education how pro- ) ,, a ir LI 
 vided for ? ] Mr> S.Muttusami Aiyar, H. A.
 
 Obligations of Educated Men ... Mr. S. Venkoba Chari, B.A. 
 Sanscrit Poem ... ... ... Mr. S. Sesha Sastri. 
 
 llecess 10 10.15 A.M. 
 
 SECOND SESSION 10.15-11 A.M. 
 REV. J. S. CHANDLER, M.A., Chairman. 
 MR. R. SANTHIAPPAN, Vice-Chairman. 
 Singing Lyric ... ... ... Choir. 
 
 ("Rev. M. Eames. 
 Short Addresses ... ... ... < Rev. James Rowland. 
 
 (. Mr. T. Loomis & others. 
 Singing Lyric ... ... ... Choir. 
 
 Recess and Breakfast 1112.30 P.M. 
 
 REUNION MEETINGS 12.301.30 P.M. 
 
 Of Students, from 184270, in the ") n T r ,, n , . 
 , r , . , TT I, : Rev. J. Cotton, Chairman. 
 
 1 heological Hall ... ... . . . _) 
 
 Of Students of Theological Classes, "^ Rev. W. A. Buckingham, 
 1870 92, in the VI. Form room) Chairman. 
 
 Of Students of High School and *) ,, -p , T 
 
 Coltege, in the Training Class [ Mr " * 'chairman 
 
 room ... ... ... ... ) 
 
 Recess from 1.302.30 P.M. 
 
 GENERAL MEETING 2.304.30 P.M. 
 REV. E. CHESTER, M.D., Chairman. 
 MR. JOSEPH TAYLOR, Vice-Chairman. 
 Music... ... ... ... ... Band. 
 
 Reading of Letters 
 Addresses of Delegates ... 
 
 Kinging "Blessed are the people". College Choir. 
 Historical Address ... ... Rev. A. Barnes, M.A.
 
 6 
 
 Singing "Hark the Song" ... College Choir. 
 
 Address-Personal Influence } Rev . j. S . Chandler, M.A. 
 Education ... ... ...) 
 
 Singing "Over the mountains" ... College Choir. 
 
 /Rev. J. P. Jones, M.A. 
 The Pasumalai Fund Further N Rev. S. Simon. 
 
 Efforts Remarks by ^ Mr. S. Tirittuvadasan. 
 
 C Rev. S. Isaac & others. 
 Singing Lyric ... ... ... Theological Students. 
 
 Music "God Save the Queen" ... Band. 
 
 Planting the Jubilee Tree ... Miss B. B. Noyes. 
 
 Singing "To 50 Swift Sped" ... College Choir. 
 Planting the Columbus Tree . . . Miss Perkins. 
 Recitation ... ... ... ... Mrs. Jeffery. 
 
 Address ... ... Mr. M. V. Subramanian. 
 
 Gymnastics and Foot-ball. 
 
 In the evening 
 Fireworks. 
 
 Under the inspiration of the meetings of the 
 day both missionaries and mission agents were led 
 to promise at least a month's salary towards the 
 much needed Endowment Fund for the institution. 
 This has now been nearly all paid in and further 
 reference will be made to it under the " Endow- 
 ment Fund." 
 
 PERSONNEL. 
 
 In the founding and development of an institu- 
 tion like this very much depends upon those who 
 have been at its head as Principals. This has been
 
 preeminently so in this case, since those in charge 
 have had practically supreme influence iu shaping, 
 so far as funds in hand would permit, the destiny 
 of the school. 
 
 REV. WILLIAM TRACY, D D. laid the foundations 
 and was the first Principal of the institution. He 
 joined the mission in 1837 and devoted 40 of the 
 best years of his life to the Lord's woi'k in this 
 district, dying at Tirupuvanam Nov. 28, 1877. 
 Of these years 22 were spent in charge of the 
 Seminary. Dr. Tracy was an able and devoted 
 missionary and a faithful and capable educator. 
 He threw his whole soul into the work of the 
 Seminary and had manifestly a peculiarly strong 
 influence upon his students. In the great work of 
 character building, which is essential to a first 
 class educator, he was conspicuous. The earnest 
 Christian lives, no less than the abundant hearty 
 testimony, of his old students give ample assurance 
 of this fact. He was also a man of literary tastes 
 and worked as a member of the Tamil Bible Revis- 
 ion Committee. He loved the Seminary, as a 
 father his child, and wisely devised plans for its 
 growth and highest pi-ogress. He was also much, 
 beloved by his missionary associates and left be- 
 hind him the legacy of a precious memory to alJ
 
 8 
 
 who knew him and the well-laid foundations of an 
 institution which we trust will long continue to 
 impart increasing blessings to the people of South 
 India. His grateful students and others united in 
 placing, in the Pasumalai Church, August 1692, as 
 a loving memorial of him, a beautiful brass tablet. 
 But the institution and those who came under his 
 influence as students in it are the best memorials 
 which he could have desired of his life and labors. 
 
 THE REV. J. HERKICK, though not at any time 
 in permanent charge, was nevertheless principal of 
 the school for an aggregate of eight years, and 
 furthered the interests of the institution by that 
 ardent piety and conscientious discharge of duty 
 for which he was so well known. He arrived in 
 India in 1846 and left in 1883. And, though ill- 
 health prevented his returning to this land, his 
 heart was ever in the mission and its work until 
 his death in 1891. While the chief result of his 
 life work is to be found in the Tirumangalam Sta- 
 tion which in almost every thing still bears the 
 impress of his faith and character, Pasumalai will 
 never, I trust, lose entirely the fragrance of that 
 Christ-like patience and loving Christian example 
 which he showed during his connection with the 
 Seminary.
 
 9 
 
 THE REV. G. T. WASHBURN, D.D. was appointed 
 principal in Jan. 17, 1870, and during the last 
 quarter of a century has continued, with a few 
 brief intermissions, in charge of the institution. 
 It would be very agreeable, if proper, for the writer 
 to dwell at this time upon the conspicuous ability 
 and devotion which Dr. Washburn has brought 
 to this work. This fortunately is unnecessary in 
 view of the fact that the results of his labor are 
 manifest to all. It should be remembered that, 
 during this quarter of a century, the institution has 
 entered upon a new era which means a complete 
 transformation and a practical new birth. Form- 
 erly the school was merely a humble training insti- 
 tution for mission catechists and teachers. Now it 
 has entered upon the broader sphere of general 
 education, inviting all to come and enjoy its bless- 
 ings, but still retaining its important function as 
 the training school and nursery of mission agents- 
 At the beginning of this twenty-five years the 
 Seminary was a very simple affair, unconnected 
 with the educational department, and furnishing 
 to its graduates none but the Principal's certificate. 
 To-day it is a congeries of schools and depart- 
 ments, each one either helping toward furnishing 
 a higher education, or qualifying men for special 
 departments of work as Christian preachers and
 
 10 
 
 as teachers. The teaching staff has been enlarged 
 many fold and the students are ten times as many 
 as they were 25 years ago. 
 
 Looking at the plant of the institution we see an 
 equally remarkable growth and transformation. 
 Old buildings have been remodelled and greatly 
 enlarged, and new ones of architectural grace and 
 beauty have been erected so as to meet the rapidly 
 growing needs of the institution. Nearly all of 
 these changes have sprung from the fertile brain 
 and determined heart of the present Principal. 
 And his own private purse has been extensively 
 drawn upon to meet the clamoring needs of the 
 school and to erect the substantial edifices which 
 adorn the compound of the New Pasumalai. 
 
 It would certainly be both ungracious and 
 unjust not to mention the quiet but most necessary 
 and efficient assistance which MRS. WASHBURN has 
 rendered to Dr. Washburn and the unremitting 
 labors which she has bestowed upon the institution 
 during this quarter of a century. The feeding of 
 more than 200 youth is, in itself, a task whose 
 many cares and disagreeable burdens must be 
 borne in order to be appreciated. Add to this the 
 ministering to the sick ones and the many labors 
 connected with the press, and one begins to realize 
 the varied and exacting duties which this mis-
 
 11 
 
 sionary lady has regularly performed; and that 
 those who have known Mrs. Washburn most inti- 
 mately during these years have rarely heard her 
 mention these abundant labors only attests the 
 efficiency with which she has performed them. 
 Certainly many students have had abundant 
 occasion to experience her loving service and 
 constant motherly care. 
 
 Among other Americans who have acted as 
 principals are Rev. J. P. Jones, M.A., for 5 months 
 in 1883 and Rev. J. S. Chandler, M.A., during 
 1883 84 and '90. 
 
 The following American instructors have also 
 been members of its staff; 
 
 Mr. A. North Jan. 1846 Jan. 1847. 
 
 Mr. Chapin, B.A 188384. 
 
 Mr. D. S. Herrick, B.A 188590. 
 
 Rev. R. Humphrey 1890. 
 
 Mr. H. H. Stutson, B.A 189194 
 
 Rev. W. M. Zumbro, M.A 1894 
 
 Among the early instructors of the school not 
 a few have given it many years of service; and of 
 these, several resigned to enter pastoral work in 
 the mission. The first instructor, who began work 
 with the opening of the school in '42, is Mr. Cotton 
 Mather of Batticotta Seminary, Jaffna. Though
 
 12 
 
 he spent but two years in connection with the Semi- 
 nary he is still enjoying the blessings of a good 
 old age in his native home. Among the older 
 instructors should be mentioned Rev. A. G. Row- 
 land who taught here, from 1848 to 1868, and 
 who, after years of pastoral work in the mission, 
 entered into his rest a few months ago. Rev. J. 
 Colton, now pastor of the Dindigul Church, was 
 an instructor here from 1848 75 and was also 
 useful as a translator of theological books. Rev. 
 M. Eames was on the staff of teachers from 
 '54 to '70 and resigned to enter upon a long and 
 successful pastorate in the Mandapasalai Station. 
 Rev. W. A. Buckingham also taught from '75 to '94 
 and is now an acting pastor in the Tirumangalam 
 Station. The Rev. S. Mathuranayagam taught 
 from 1874 84 and resigned to take up the pastor- 
 ate of the West Church, Madura. 
 
 But of all the native instructors, he whose name 
 is most highly esteemed is the Rev. A. Barnes, 
 M.A. Entering the institution as a student mem- 
 ber of its first class he became a member of its 
 teaching staff just half a century ago and has 
 continued in this work with much efficiency and 
 unabated interest until the present. He has also 
 been the pastor of this church since 1871. He 
 has watched, through these nearly two generations,
 
 13 
 
 the annual incoming classes of raw youth and the 
 outgoing classes of well equipped Christian 
 workers and has had the satisfaction of having 
 had a share in the training of their mind and in 
 the development of their Christian character. In 
 an important sense the Jubilee of the Institution 
 is that also of this faithful instructor ; and he will 
 not fail to receive the honor and affectionate 
 reverence due him from all the old students of 
 Pasumalai for his life of faithful and efficient 
 service which is synchronous with the history of 
 the school itself. Few instructors in any land can 
 show a record of such unbroken length or of 
 greater fidelity. Yale University honored Mr. 
 Barnes with the degree of M.A. in 1887. 
 
 In very recent days many university graduates, 
 under-graduates and others have been added to 
 the staff of teachers and have honored the institu- 
 tion by their able and faithful service. We shall 
 not endeavor to mention them individually. Their 
 names and years of service will be found in 
 Appendix III. Of these, most have been graduates 
 of Pasumalai. Some have left and others are 
 still identified with the institution in its various 
 departments; all I trust striving hard to contribute 
 to the highest efficiency and best progress of the 
 school.
 
 14 
 
 PROGRESS. 
 
 I will now enter more specifically upon a state- 
 ment of certain facts which indicate the growth of 
 the school during the half century of its history. 
 It may be well to remember here, that, to the 
 Madura District generally, this half century has 
 been one of wonderful progress in many ways. In 
 '54 was published the famous Educational Des- 
 patch which was fraught with so much educational 
 good to India. It was about this time that the 
 great Mutiny occurred and the reign of the noted 
 East India Company came to an end. The first half 
 of the period was, to Madura, one of old-time isola- 
 tion from the world. This, however, was suddenly 
 terminated through the opening of the new Rail- 
 road by the Prince of Wales in Dec. 1875. Thus 
 was Madura for the first time made to feel the 
 pulsebeats of modern civilization and of progress. 
 Later, under Lord Ripon's administration, measures 
 of self-government were introduced which, in a 
 day, threw the people into a new world of political 
 life and privilege a privilege which has been 
 since enlarged. General intelligence has been 
 moving on apace; and during this period the first 
 steps were taken for the education of woman. 
 During these years municipalities have been organ- 
 ized ; and in these, water-works and other im-
 
 15 
 
 provements have been introduced conferring many 
 of the benefits of sanitation upon the people. 
 Kodaikanal, one of the best sanitaria of India, has 
 been, during this time, and practically by this 
 mission, opened in this district. And at present 
 there is being completed at Periar one of the 
 greatest engineering triumphs of the century; 
 by which a great river is being turned from its 
 course and compelled to contribute, now for the 
 first time, its untold blessings to this Madura Dis- 
 trict. The people have greatly advanced in every 
 way. During this time the town of Madura has 
 doubled in population and has been nearly rebuilt 
 with a splendor that it did not formerly possess. 
 The people have shaken off not a little of their 
 narrowness and superstition and are religiously 
 and socially passing through such mighty changes 
 as the land probably never witnessed before. 
 
 So, as we return to Pasumalai, we notice similar 
 changes and progress 011 all sides. In the first 
 place the teaching f . rce reveals a remarkable 
 change both as to numbers and needed qualifi- 
 cations. In the beginning it would have been 
 thought highly extravagant to keep two American 
 missionaries occupied in the work of the school, 
 even though the mission was indeed possessed of 
 a sufficiently lively faith to erect, at that time, two
 
 16 
 
 bungalows at Pasumalai. One of these houses, 
 erected the very year its present occupant was 
 born, had to wait for permanent occupancy until 
 he entered it three and a half years ago. To-day 
 it is thought a wise economy of forces to concen- 
 trate in this place three missionaries, or one-fourth 
 of the whole male membership of our mission. 
 And these gentlemen feel that their position is by 
 no means a sinecure. 
 
 The staff of native instructors numbered no 
 more than three for the first thirty years. From 
 that time onward the number has been constantly 
 increasing and its educational qualifications ever 
 advancing, until we find at present 25 teachers 
 engaged, including an M.A., five university gradu- 
 ates, five First in Arts and eight Matriculates (See 
 Appendix III). 
 
 In the number of students also, growth has 
 been most marked. For some 28 years the attend- 
 ance was very much the same ; but from that time 
 onward progress has been very marked; so that 
 in all departments of the institution there are 
 now 325 students in attendance, of whom 220 are 
 boarders. Of these, 267 are Christian, and 58 
 are non-Christian youth. Perhaps in no other 
 institution in India can be found so many Christ- 
 ian young men preparing themselves for lives of
 
 17 
 
 usefulness and for Christian service. For many 
 years it was the policy of the mission to admit 
 into the institution only Christian youth. But 
 in 1879 it was wisely decided to make the bene- 
 fits of the institution accessible to non-Christians 
 also ; and from that day to the present, a num- 
 ber of such have been in attendance upon the 
 classes. And in 1892 the Southfold Hostel was 
 erected and opened for the use of such students. 
 In this way, the school has become an evangeliz- 
 ing agency and has the privilege of daily impart- 
 ing Christian truth to the Hindu youth whose 
 names are upon its rolls. It should be mentioned 
 however that during the last seven years, the 
 number of the students has made no advance. 
 This is owing to several causes, one of which is 
 the falling off in the mission station-boarding 
 schools, which are the principal sources of student 
 supply to the institution. According to the 
 excellent graded educational system of the mission, 
 the growth and expanding prosperity of Pasumalai 
 will depend to a considerable extent upon the 
 thorough up-keep and vigorous maintenance of 
 the out-station boarding schools. And it is hoped 
 that, now that the attention of the mission has 
 been called to this defect in these schools, it will 
 be early remedied and a progress, at least com- 
 
 3
 
 18 
 
 mensurate with the growth of the Christian com- 
 munity, be restored to the institution. 
 
 In nothing is the progress of an institution 
 more clearly marked than in the scope of the 
 studies which make up its curricula. During 
 the larger part of the history of the school it was 
 regarded as almost entirely a professional institu- 
 tion, whose chief, if not only, design was to pre- 
 pare men to become preachers and pastors. So 
 long as that object remained supreme, expansion 
 in studies was inevitably slow. But when it was 
 broadened into an institution for general education, 
 containing departments for special training, and 
 brought into line with the requirements of the 
 government educational code, its development 
 became marked. First, the Middle School require- 
 ments were all enforced. Later, the High School 
 department was added ; and in the latter part of 
 1879 the first students passed the matriculation 
 examination in the institution. In Nov. 1881 the 
 school was affiliated to the Madras University as 
 a second grade college, and since then, has been 
 annually preparing and sending out under-gradu- 
 ates. 
 
 In all these government and university examin- 
 ations, the institution has stood well among the 
 schools and colleges of the presidency. Early in
 
 the year 1885 the Normal School was opened and 
 recognized by government and now has three 
 classes preparing for the Primary, Lower and 
 Upper Secondary grades. In connection with this, 
 is also found the Practising School. All the stu- 
 dents have been trained in the Bible ; and some 
 have been brought up annually for the Peter 
 Cator Examination with creditable success. For 
 many years the institution has been noted for the 
 physical culture which it imparts to its students.; 
 and the Inspector of Schools has testified to its 
 superiority in this respect. To those who believe 
 not only in the principle of "a sound body in a 
 sound mind/' but who also feel that the develop- 
 ment of the character of natives in South India 
 must be conditioned and accompanied by a sound 
 physical training, this department is not without 
 its importance. 
 
 In the Theological Seminary also progress is 
 evident. It was only recently that this depart- 
 ment was separated and made the special care and 
 chief work of a missionary. The curriculum has 
 been enlarged, and new and important subjects 
 introduced. The course of study also, which 
 formerly covered two years, has now been length- 
 ened into three years, with an annual incoming 
 and an outgoing class. In addition to these a
 
 20 
 
 special class of lower grade men has a separate 
 two years' course of training. As most of the 
 theological students are men who have already 
 been out in mission service and are married, their 
 wives also have two hours of daily class work with 
 a view to preparing them to become more efficient 
 helpmeets to their husbands in future Christian 
 work. 
 
 It is the aim of the management to make the 
 whole institution as thoroughly Christian in its 
 character as possible. The spirit of the Seminary 
 was early expressed in the small and private 
 prayer rooms erected in 1846, in the quad- 
 rangle for the students, with the view of impress- 
 ing upon them the truth that something more 
 than knowledge or mental training and discipline 
 is necessary for true success and high usefulness 
 in life. We trust that this aim has not been 
 obscured. In these days of all consuming desire 
 for certificates and for government and university 
 degrees, it is much more difficult than it was 
 formerly to impress upon the minds of the young 
 the truth, that hard-won character is still the only 
 foundation of true greatness, and that the main 
 spring of character is piety, and that the essential 
 means of piety are prayer and private devotion. 
 The changed spirit of New India, while less
 
 21 
 
 superstitious and childish than that of half a 
 century ago, is just as sordid and much more 
 corroded with worldly ambitions, and has the added 
 liability of believing, with our first parents, that 
 the tree of knowledge may be better than the tree 
 of life itself. It therefore needs constant care 
 and effort to keep prominent before the students 
 the religious and spiritual side of a true culture. 
 In the first years of the Seminary the " Native 
 Provident Society" and the "Native Improvement 
 Society" were established with this object in view. 
 These societies passed away, and in their place 
 the Y. M. C. A. was organized and is now doing 
 good work in cultivating, among its numerous 
 members, the graces of an active Christian life. 
 Through this association aggressive Christian 
 work is carried forward in the surrounding 
 region. Much evangelistic work is being con- 
 ducted in the villages by the theological students 
 both on Sundays and on Wednesday evenings, when 
 raagic-lantern services are conducted. Thus the 
 direct influence of Pasumalai is felt, as it has 
 been for many years, throughout the surrounding 
 country. The effect upon this people is not as 
 much as we could wish ; and yet we have evidence 
 enough that even if they have not become, to any 
 great extent, Christian, they are not as supersti-
 
 22 
 
 tious as they were. We are reminded of this by 
 the fact that when Dr. Tracy was digging up cists 
 in his compound in 1846 a cry was raised that thir- 
 teen victims had been sacrificed here in order to 
 obtain buried treasure, and that four other victims 
 were needed for that purpose a report which so 
 affected the superstitious community, that it led to 
 a cessation o travel upon this road, and necessi- 
 tated the interference of the Collector of the Dis- 
 trict. We cannot believe that such dense ignor- 
 ance and folly were possible here to-day. 
 
 We still wait to see within the young men 
 themselves a marked and powerful development in 
 sturdiness of character ; and we continue to pray 
 for a repetition of that great revival of God's 
 Spirit which swept over the institution during 
 February and March, 1861. 
 
 Another evidence of advance is found in the in- 
 crease of the expenses and receipts of the institu- 
 tion. Beyond the salary of the missionary in 
 charge, the annual amount required for the support 
 of the institution during each year of the first half 
 of its history was inconsiderable ; whereas it has 
 greatly increased during the last quarter of a cen- 
 tury. So that outside the salaries of the three 
 missionaries, there is at present a total annual 
 expenditure of at least Rs. 20,000. On the other
 
 23 
 
 hand the receipts of the institution were practical- 
 ly nil for many years, so far as the government 
 grants and students' fees were concerned. In 1848 
 the mission declined, for the Seminary, govern- 
 ment aid and patronage. It was not until nearly 
 a quarter of a century later, that it allowed 
 the government to assist it by grants then, 
 as always, very inadequate and circumscribed 
 with many conditions in the support of this work 
 which is so intimately connected with the well- 
 being of the community. The mission maintained 
 the principle not very dissimilar to that advocated 
 by a few missions even to-day that any alliance 
 with the government, through grants in aid, is to 
 be deprecated and shunned as a compromise ; and 
 that total separation and unencumbered independ- 
 ence in this respect are the necessary conditions of 
 the highest success in the work. The mission is to 
 be congratulated upon its abandonment of such, an 
 ultra position and thus enable itself to enlarge, by 
 government aid, which it well earns, a department 
 of work whose importance no one at present ques- 
 tions. This aid from the government is not at all 
 commensurate with the claims which the institution 
 has upon it and yet is not inconsiderable, averaging 
 some Us. 950 for instruction and Us. 2,000 for 
 normal students' stipends.
 
 24 
 
 In like manner, fees were not collected from 
 students until recent years. In 1868 a fee of 8 
 annas was required of each student, which demand 
 was continued for two years. Subsequently, under 
 the new regime, the students were required to con- 
 tribute more and more, as an expression of their 
 growing appreciation of the blessings received, 
 and in order to enable the mission to distribute 
 these blessings to more youth than would other- 
 wise be able to enjoy them. 
 
 In this way the income of the institution has 
 grown until it has reached some Rs. 4,000 annu- 
 ally. In view of the great poverty of the people, 
 this sum is by no means small. Nor, on the other 
 hand, does it reach the high rates which are de- 
 manded from students in most institutions of the 
 kind. Indeed, the institution aims to lead, so far 
 as possible, in the work of bringing a good Christ- 
 ian education within the reach of any and every 
 worthy boy within our community. And the fact 
 that Tamil Christian young men find a liberal edu- 
 cation open to them on easier terms than perhaps 
 any other youth of the same station in life through- 
 out the world shows that the dangers of this and 
 similar schools is certainly not in the line of over 
 exaction of fees from the students. Some indeed 
 fear, and perhaps not unreasonably, that over
 
 25 
 
 kindness and generous indulgence in this matter 
 has led to the pauperizing and demoralization of 
 not a few youth. 
 
 At any rate, Pasumalai cannot plead guilty to 
 the charge of demanding too much in fees from 
 its students. The total receipts from students and 
 government does not reach more than 35 per cent 
 of the total expenses of the institution ; and, even 
 adding to this the appropriation of the mission, 
 there is still left to those in charge ample room for 
 anxiety, and urgent need to supplement these with 
 funds secured with much effort from private 
 sources. 
 
 We shall refer later on to the buildings and gen* 
 eral plant of the school, which are indeed among 
 the most marked tokens of progress. 
 
 It may not be out of place here to mention a 
 few outside agencies which are closely related to 
 the institutions and which help to illustrate the 
 growth of Pasumalai. 
 
 Until 1381 great inconvenience was felt owing 
 to the absence of postal facilities. But in that 
 year Dr. Washburn prevailed upon the Post 
 Office department to open experimentally an office 
 here. He also erected a building for this purpose. 
 Subsequently the office was confirmed and made 
 permanent; so that this important servant and 
 
 4
 
 26 
 
 emblem of civilization abides under the shadow o 
 the school and renders, in its quiet way, its aid to 
 the enlightenment of the community and students. 
 
 In Nov. 1871 that other handmaid of intelli- 
 gence and of progress the printing press was 
 established here. The Lenox Press has, during 
 these 24 years, been kept busy in the important 
 work of producing and disseminating a Christian 
 literature, not to speak of its general convenience 
 to the mission and of its furnishing honorable 
 employment for a number of our Christian men. 
 During these years, in addition to the printing of 
 outside matter, the press has put forth some mill- 
 ion pages in books, pamphlets and tracts pertain- 
 ing to Christian truth, life and work. And its 
 facilities for work are being enlarged and its use- 
 fulness will we trust continue to grow. 
 
 Another work of the press is the printing of two 
 periodicals. One of these, the " Sattiavartamani," 
 or "New Age," was started by Dr. Washburn at 
 Pasumalai in 1870 and has been conducted ever 
 since as a semi-monthly. Until this year it was 
 privately supported by Dr. Washburn. Now the 
 mission has taken it over and proposes soon to 
 enlarge it and increase its usefulness in other ways. 
 During these 25 years it has had no small influ- 
 ence especially among our own mission agonts, to
 
 most of whom it is the principal means of commu- 
 nication with the broader world without ; and its 
 periodic arrival is always anticipated with great 
 interest. One of its four pages is English and the 
 other three Tamil. It has a circulation of over 
 500. 
 
 The "Joyful News" (riVpesv. Q*v) is the 
 other periodical, published monthly. It is a Tamil 
 missionary sheet, started in 1884 by a few of the 
 missionaries, with the special object of furnishing 
 the mission catechists and pastors with missionary 
 intelligence for their "monthly concerts." It ia 
 now supported and conducted by the mission, is 
 printed at Pasumalai and has a circulation of over 
 1,100 copies, mainly in this mission. It gives to 
 many a new and a higher impulse as it furnishes 
 a broader view of the field, which ia the world, and 
 enables most of our people to realize more fully 
 than before that th kingdom of our Lord is a 
 world wide kingdom, whose glory and whose obli- 
 gations are theirs to share. 
 
 Among the many vicissitudes of mission policy 
 and owing to the exigencies of the personnel of 
 the mission, the Female Seminary was transferred 
 from Madura to Paeurnalai in June 1870. It re- 
 mained here until Aug. 1872 under the charge of 
 Miss Smith, after which it was transferred again
 
 28 
 
 to Madura; and the managers of these schools are 
 at present not ambitious to shorten the distance 
 between them. Pasumalai is exceedingly happy 
 to witness the healthy and rapid progress of ita 
 sister institution for girls in Madura during this 
 last quarter of a century and to wish for it, here- 
 after, a full continuation of the same growth. 
 
 The great Famine of 1876 '77 with its terrible 
 destitution and appalling mortality thrust upon 
 the principal the necessity of opening temporarily 
 a nursery and an orphanage. This was opened in 
 Nov. 1877 with 80 children in attendance. The 
 nursery was closed in '79, after 1,070 children had 
 been cared for. The orphanage, for larger chil- 
 dren, was continued for some years more until 
 most of the young people taken in were equipped 
 with an education, and sent out to support them- 
 selves. A number of these have entered mission 
 service and are repaying with interest, by their 
 lives and Christian service, the money expended^ 
 and the efforts put forth, in their behalf. 
 
 Pasumalai is a healthy situation and free from 
 many of the epidemics and diseases of a large 
 town. And yet with so many students and with 
 the teachers and their families constituting quite 
 a large community it was imperatively necessai'y
 
 29 
 
 that a dispensary be established with a hospital 
 assistant in charge. For some years this blessing 
 has been enjoyed to the great advantage of the 
 community. 
 
 One of the essential concomitants of an educa- 
 tional institution is a library. For many years the 
 mission libraiy, containing several hundred vol- 
 umes, has been housed at Pasumalai. Many of 
 these are valuable books and a few of them are 
 modern. 
 
 In connection with the College and High School 
 there is another growing library containing a 
 goodly number of appropriate and useful works of 
 reference and standard authors. 
 
 There is also, in connection with the Theological 
 Seminary, a small, but helpful library suited to 
 the needs of the Seminary. We trust that these 
 two school libraries may be greatly enlarged and 
 rendered adequate to the increasing wants of the 
 institution. 
 
 THE PLANT OF THE INSTITUTION. 
 
 An institution may not be known by its build- 
 ings so accurately as a man by his clothes. And 
 yet the buildings are generally a fair index to the 
 inner condition of a school and help not a little in 
 shaping its destiny. When this institution was
 
 30 
 
 founded, buildings suitable to the time and its 
 work were erected, including two bungalows cost- 
 ing nearly Rs. 4.000 each, a church upon which 
 nearly Rs. 3,000 was expended, and Seminary 
 buildings and helpers' houses, &c., costing Rs. 
 7,000 ; bringing the total expenditure to over 
 Rs. 19,000. These buildings sufficed for a quarter 
 of a century and the bungalows and church are 
 still (with some changes and additions) doing ser- 
 vice. But the last quarter of a century has wit- 
 nessed large additions to, and many transforma- 
 tions of, the school buildings so that it would be 
 hard to recognize the lineaments, or even the loca- 
 tion, of the old as one stands in the presence of the 
 new. In these changes and new buildings above 
 Rs. 60,000 have been expended since 1870 (See 
 Appendix II) whereby the institution has come to 
 possess halls, class rooms, dormitories, &c., which 
 are as substantial, commodious and well-suited to 
 their purpose as any probably in the Presidency. 
 
 Of these later additions I may speak in detail 
 and refer to the sources of the funds used in 
 erecting them. 
 
 The College. Of this building two separate pic- 
 tures are found in this volume one representing 
 the old and the other the new building. These will 
 enable one to judge of the superiority of the lat-
 
 31 
 
 ter ovei' tbe former. It will also enable him to see 
 something of the effort made to add beauty to 
 utility in the construction of the newer buildings. 
 In the early history of the mission the old New 
 England ideas of architecture with rectangular, 
 unrelieved and unadorned buildings were brought 
 to this mission bodily. The only claim that could 
 be pressed in its behalf was that of simple utility. 
 But it was a style both foreign to the people and 
 devoid of attractiveness. These buildings were 
 useful in their day ; but we have fallen upon bet- 
 ter times in this respect. Certainly the outward 
 aspect of this new hall is both inviting and impos- 
 ing. By the transformation and expansion of this 
 building the hall of the school was itself much 
 enlarged so as to meet the present needs for a 
 large study room, and was raised from the first to 
 the second floor. This gave several new and com- 
 modious class rooms for the High School in the 
 lower story. To the east of these have been erect- 
 ed several class rooms for tbe College classes and 
 the Normal School ; and on the west of the hall, 
 as an extension, is the attractive Library hall which 
 however is already beginning to feel the growing 
 burdens of its shelves. 
 
 On the east of the quadrangle was the old and 
 uninviting dining hall and kitchen which were
 
 32 
 
 demolished and rebuilt in a much more attractive 
 style as class rooms for the Middle School forms. 
 This is now called the "Seals Memorial," as a 
 considerable part of the funds for its erection were 
 contributed by the Beals' family of Winchendon, 
 Mass., U. S. A. The old dormitory, on the west of 
 the old quadrangle, which was originally a one story 
 structure, was crowned with a second story which 
 became the dormitory room ; while the lower part 
 is divided into class rooms and is used by the Pri- 
 mary classes. The building joining on to this ou 
 the south-west, and which was originally used for 
 the Press, is now much improved and converted 
 into a Science Lectruo Room. 
 
 Turning to the west side of the enlarged quad- 
 rangle we first come, on its south end, to the 
 Hollis Moore Memorial Hall which was erected by 
 a part of the legacy of Mr. Hollis Moore, of South 
 Boston, Mass., U S.A. through his executor Rev. 
 E. K. Alden, D.D., who, for many years, has been a 
 true friend of the institution. This hall was 
 erected and opened in 1887 at an expense of 
 Rs. 9,000 and is both large and commodious and 
 well adapted to its purposes. The lower story is 
 devoted to class rooms for the Theological Semi- 
 nary and a large room for the Lenox Press. The 
 second story, which is coextensive with this, is one
 
 83 
 
 spacious sleeping room for the students of the in- 
 stitution. To the north of this structure is the 
 new Dining Hall and kitchen which was completed 
 at an expense of Rs. 3,500 and opened in Aug. 
 1891. On the western part of the northern side of 
 the quadrangle has just been completed the Yokan 
 Lodge at an expense of Rs. 4,000. This is a hostel 
 for the older and more advanced Christian stu- 
 dents. As it is the last, so is it architecturally the 
 most attractive building in Pasumalai, being a beau- 
 tiful structure of the Saracenic style and suited to 
 accommodate 20 students. Under the leadership 
 of Dr. Miller, of the Madras Christian College, 
 the mind of the educators of this presidency has 
 been turned to the need of hostels for students. 
 In this respect Pasumalai began to move early ; 
 for the Principal erected on the south side of the 
 main road in 1892 the Southfold Hostel at a cost 
 of Rs. 4,000, for the accommodation of 36 Brahmen 
 students. Another building is now in course of 
 construction which will allow of the opening of a 
 cottage as a "Home" for ten or twelve non-Brah- 
 inin Hindus. These hostels meet a long felt want 
 in the institution and add to its attractions both 
 to Christian and non-Christian youth. In the erec- 
 tion of all these buildings Dr. Washburn has not 
 only been his own architect and builder a work 
 
 5
 
 34 
 
 whose difficulty and worry is known only to those 
 who have experience in building in India he has 
 also been instrumental in securing from others 
 some of the funds necessary for the work and has 
 freely devoted his own private resources to the 
 work. None of these buildings erected during 
 his time were built without his pecuniary aid and 
 Borne of them are the monuments of his offerings 
 alone. In addition to these school buildings much 
 has been expended in accommodation for teachers 
 and theological students. The nineteen teachers' 
 houses have cost Bs. 10,500 in sums contributed 
 mostly through the American Board. The sixteen 
 houses for theological students have been erected 
 partly by funds collected privately and partly 
 through special offerings by a few New England 
 Churches and Sunday Schools sent through the 
 Board. 
 
 Thus the institution has put on externally an 
 entirely new aspect daring the latter part of its 
 half century of existence; and we trnst that by 
 healthy and vigorous growth necessity may be laid 
 upon it during the next half century, to make 
 equally bold advances in external progress. 
 
 THE ENDOWMENT FUND. 
 Pasnmalai has of course been a distinctively
 
 35 
 
 missionary institution from its incipiency. Our 
 Missionary Society in Boston has generously sup- 
 ported it during these fifty years ; and we have 
 only grateful thanks for those good and wise men 
 on the Prudential Committee and in the Secretari- 
 at in America who have exercised so much care to 
 shield the institution from serious harm in times 
 of financial distress and have evinced such a gen- 
 erous sympathy with the aims of the school. And 
 yetj our experience has already abundantly shown 
 and emphasized to us the fact, that an institution 
 of these years and proportions, with ever increas- 
 ing wants, should not rest content to live in abso- 
 lute dependence upon the annual grant of funds 
 given by a society 11,000 miles away a society, 
 moreover, which is constantly exposed to the 
 dangers of a depleted treasury and pressed with 
 the urgent claims of the varied departments of 
 work in 22 missions of many lands. It is cer- 
 tainly time that efforts were made to create aa 
 Endowment which will ensure, without fail, the 
 perpetuation of such a work as this. And it would 
 seem that the half century of life and successful 
 work behind the institution should constitute a 
 claim through which we may confidently appeal to 
 the appreciative pu-blic for substantial aid and 
 sympathy in this movement. It is under the strain
 
 36 
 
 of this conviction, that the mission has more than 
 once shown its deep interest in the creation of a 
 Pasuraalai Endowment Fund and has voted its 
 unanimous approval of various efforts put forth to 
 this end. These efforts have extended over more 
 than 15 years since Oct. 1879 when the first gift 
 of Rs. 1,000 was made by the Principal and his 
 family for the Endowment Fund. Though many 
 and varied efforts have been made since then to- 
 wards this end we cannot, as yet, claim any great 
 success in the enterprise. 
 
 And yet we have made what we consider a suc- 
 cessful beginning, a beginning which we confident- 
 ly hope will bring us more substantial success in the 
 near future. In any case, we feel that in the mat- 
 ter of this Fund, we have embarked upon an import- 
 ant undertaking, which will doubtless demand pa- 
 tient and persevering effort. But the growing need 
 for the Fund must stimulate us to increasing enthu- 
 siasm in the work of securing it. The encouraging 
 thing about this movement is that it has taken a 
 strong hold upon our poor, but appreciative, natire 
 Christian community, who have already strained 
 themselves to the utmost to inaugurate it. In 1 884, 
 upon the Celebration of the Jubilee of the Madura 
 Mission the Christian community made an offering 
 of Rs. 5,200 which was cheerfully devoted to the
 
 37 
 
 Pasumalai Fund. Three years ago, upon the Jubi- 
 lee celebration of this institution, all the agents 
 of the mission, with the missionaries, decided to 
 devote a month's salary to the fund. We who 
 know how much this means in self-denial to these 
 poor people appreciate this offering. Though small 
 in bulk, it is nevertheless very large in spirit and 
 rich as a stimulant to others of means to give unto 
 this good cause. For a complete list, so far as 
 available, of the offerings thus far made to this 
 Fund (See Appendix VI). I desire to make par- 
 ticular mention of a few of these, such as may be 
 of general interest or may prove instructive and 
 stimulating to others. 
 
 The first is the Washburn Scholarship of Rs. 
 5^100 a donation of Dr. and Mrs. Washburn in 
 perpetuation of their life work. 
 
 The Burnell Scholarship was the offering of the 
 family of one of our older missionaries as an evi- 
 dence of their interest in the work of the institu- 
 tion. The Noyes Scholarship of Rs. 750 is also 
 the filial offering of a Madura-born son, Mr. 
 Joseph Noyes, in commemoration of the long serv- 
 ices rendered by his father to the Christians of 
 South India. 
 
 The Welsh Scholarship of Rs. 1,215 was coutrib-
 
 38 
 
 uted by the Welsh Congregational Churches of 
 Northern Ohio in 1884 in response to the earnest 
 efforts of Revs. W. P. Edwards and J. M. Thomas, 
 both now deceased. The mites and faith of many 
 poor Christians are embodied in this not very large 
 Fund. By the side of this we place the Glovers- 
 ville Fund of Rs. 1,000 being the offering of the 
 one Congregational Church of Gloversville, New 
 York, as a token of its continued interest in Mrs. 
 Washburn a member of the church. 
 
 The Clancy Scholarship of Rs. 700 was the gift 
 of Mrs. C. Clancy, a life-long friend of Mrs. 
 Washburn. 
 
 The Scudder Scholarship of Rs. 800 perpetu- 
 ates the name of Rev. David Scudder, one of the 
 most promising of all the young missionaries who 
 have joined this mission, but who was cut off at 
 the beginning of his career. It is fitting that hia 
 name should, by a gift of two of his brothers, be 
 thus permanently identified with the highest insti- 
 tution of the field of his brief labors. 
 
 The William Banfield Capron Scholarship of 
 Rs. 1,314. This scholarship was founded by Mrs. 
 S. B. Capron in memory of her husband who died at 
 Manamadura in 1876 after twenty years of devoted 
 and efficient service for the Master in India. We 
 are much pleased to have this name of precious
 
 39 
 
 memory in the mission associated, by this Fund, 
 with Pasumalai in whose growth he was formerly 
 much interested and towards which he contributed. 
 Among Hindu gentlemen who have shown their 
 sympathy is the Rajah of Ramnad who generously 
 added Rs. 2,000 to this Fund. The Hon. Justice 
 S. Snbramania Iyer, c I.E. also showed his wonted 
 public spirit and sympathy not only by a subscrip- 
 tion to the Fund but also by a donation of a piece 
 of land adjoining our property at Pasumalai. We 
 wish that more of the wealthy gentlemen and 
 princes of South India could be induced to bestow 
 upon institutions of learning at least a small por- 
 tion of their large fortunes for the improvement of 
 their own people and generation. Wealth has not 
 yet, in this land, become the servant of a public 
 spirit or of a high interest in the intellectual pro- 
 gress of the community. It continues to be too 
 much the instrument of selfish, personal and low 
 gratification; so that no institutions arise, as for 
 instance in the United States, by personal self- 
 denial and a holy and lofty ambition of individu- 
 als of means to make posterity wiser and better 
 than their own time. We are glad to see faint 
 indications of the rise of such a sentiment among 
 a few in this land. But this is a plant of slow 
 growth ; and we cannot expect to see many such
 
 40 
 
 institutions as Patchiappa's, perhaps, in this too 
 close-fisted age in India. Frequent appeals for 
 their aid and sympathy, with limited responses in 
 this generation may lead to the large endowments 
 and "foundations" of the next. 
 
 Of the constant and generous friends of the 
 institution, in the United States, should be men- 
 tioned the Congregational Church in Lenox, Mass., 
 whose yearly contributions, have sustained numer- 
 ous beneficiaries ; the Rev. N. G. Clark, D.D., who 
 as senior Foreign Secretary of the Board, has 
 throughout his connection with the Society main- 
 tained the deepest interest in the welfare of the 
 institution, sympathised with every effort to im- 
 prove it, and when legitimately within his power, 
 directed valuable contributions to its support ; 
 Rev. E. K. Alden, D.D., of Boston, Mass., who has 
 more than once come to the assistance of the insti- 
 tution in its time of need ; the Rev. John Hanna 
 of Chicago, whose repeated donations have helped 
 many a poor student; Rev. and Mrs. Devins of 
 New York who have contributed in memory of 
 Thornton B. Penfield, former husband of Mrs. 
 Devins and a missionary with her of the Madura 
 Mission for several years, till his death in Pasu- 
 malai in 1871; and especially Williams College, 
 whose repeated donations in recent years amount
 
 41 
 
 to nearly 8,000 Rupees, and evidences of which 
 are to be seen in the buildings of the institution 
 as well as in the maintenance of the teaching staff. 
 Some effort has been made and is still being 
 made in America in behalf of this fund. Rev. G* 
 H. Gutterson and Rev. H. C. Hazen have been, by 
 the mission, deputed to collect sums for this pur- 
 pose. The former has secured some $200 for the 
 fund. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 In conclusion, we desire to send forth this 
 simple story of the inception, struggles, growth and 
 hopes of this one mission institution in no spirit 
 of boasting but in an humble though strong hope 
 that it is the small beginning of what, under 
 God's guidance, will prove to be a great and an 
 abiding power for good. And in prayerful reli- 
 ance upon Him who has, from the first, been its 
 recognized Head we commit it to Him again at the 
 beginning of the new half century. 
 
 We also trust that the Native community in 
 genera^ and Native Christians in particular, will 
 earnestly study and gratefully appreciate this 
 strange and truly Christian spectacle of a people 
 who are their antipodes, for 50 years, offering up 
 their prayers and sending forth their sons and 
 
 6
 
 42 
 
 daughters and their money (about Rs. 250,000) 
 nearly 11,000 miles, to educate a people whom they 
 have never seen, and whom they are bound by no 
 ties, save that all potent one of Christ-like love, 
 sympathy and Christian obligation. Has the world 
 often before, or at any time outside of Christianity, 
 witnessed such patient constancy or such a lofty 
 altruism in the loving work of one people for 
 another ? To be wanting in gratitude under such 
 circumstances would be vile indeed. And we have 
 many evidences among the Christian community 
 of a lively sense of appreciation of all this kind- 
 ness. Still the highest appreciation of such a 
 benefit is best shown by a full realization of the 
 obligations which it brings to the recipients obli- 
 gations which in this case are neither few nor 
 light. If the time has not already come, it certain- 
 ly cannot be far off, when our Christians should 
 be willing and happy to assume the burdens of 
 such an institution themselves when the strength, 
 intelligence and means acquired by them through 
 the generous self-denying offerings of distant 
 Christian friends should be lavishly consecrated 
 upon the altar of self-support, and a vigorous 
 propagation of the truths and principles taught 
 when the long habit of dependance and of recipi- 
 ency should, by manly energy and Divine grace,
 
 43 
 
 be transmuted into a life of self-reliance and self- 
 forgetting effort for others. If the history of 
 Pasumalai teaches one lesson above all others, 
 it must be this. And until this lesson shall be in 
 good part learned, the aims of the promoters and 
 supporters of the institution will not be realized. 
 
 J. P. JONES.
 
 ADDRESS.
 
 [This address was delivered at the Jubilee celebration in 1892 
 of the founding of what is now the Pasumalai College, Semina- 
 ry, and Training Institution, and is published by request of the 
 Mission, along with the appendices on which many of its state- 
 ment are based. Since its delivery, it has again undergone 
 careful revision with the earnest desire of stating truly and 
 fairly the facts in a controversy, which for above twenty years 
 created much heat in the Mission, and called out strong parti- 
 sanship both in the Mission and in the Board at home. 
 
 Happily, time and events have in a great measure, decided 
 questions which four or five decades ago, it was attempted to 
 settle by argument. I say in a great measure, because there 
 are still worthy missionaries and others, who like the veteran 
 Rev. Maurice Philips, in his paper before the late Bombay Mis- 
 sionary Conference, repeat the arguments which were much 
 heard in this Mission between 1849 and 1855, and would try 
 anew the experiment which the Madura Mission made between 
 1855 and 1875.]
 
 jfiftg |ears of % $mmalai institute. 
 
 THE Seminary, out of which the present Pasu- 
 malai institution has grown, was opened in Tiru- 
 mangalam on September 4th, 1842, in a bungalow 
 similar to the present missionary bungalow in that 
 town, standing about where the present girls' 
 school now stands. It was demolished in 1860 
 and the materials used in part for the new bunga- 
 low then building in Mauamadura, in part for the 
 inclosing wall of the Tirumangalam compound, 
 and in part for the present church. 
 
 From the first, it was the purpose of the mission 
 to transfer the school to Madura, as soon as quar- 
 ters could be provided for it there ; bat two things 
 stood in the way of this consummation the diffi- 
 culty of securing an eligible site, and the equal 
 difficulty of obtaining 2,500 with which to build ; 
 for that was the figure at which the mission esti- 
 mated its requirements. 
 
 Sites were sought both at the east of Madura in 
 the neighborhood of Teppakulam, and also beyond 
 the Dindignl gate; the rental of the Tamakam, 
 then in a somewhat dilapidated condition, was
 
 48 
 
 asked. But nothing satisfactory offering, a plot 
 of ground* was pitched upon, on the north side of 
 the river near the Tamakam,t and recommended 
 for purchase. A committee of the mission seems 
 to have busied itself in negotiating for it in the 
 interval of two years or more while no funds were 
 available and then suddenly to have given it up; 
 partly on account of its liability to isolation by 
 floods in the Vaigai, and partly because of its 
 proximity to the town, a disadvantage which Mr. 
 Tracy's experience in Tiruinangalam seems to have 
 made apparent. J 
 
 But for whatever cause, the proposed location 
 was abandoned. In April 1844 when the neces- 
 sary funds were ready, and the mission had receiv- 
 ed permission to move in the matter, the question 
 of a site was still an open one ; and not till late in 
 the following July had the Pasumalai site been 
 fixed upon. Then work was pushed on apace, 
 
 * The land selected was a field west of the old jail, the site of 
 which is now occupied by the Madura Union Club house. 
 
 t The Tamakam is an old native castle situated on what was 
 then an open plain on the north of the Vaigai, a mile and a half 
 from Madura, and said to have been Tirumal Nayak's hunting 
 lodge, from which also he witnessed the contests of his ele- 
 phants with one another and with wild beasts. 
 
 J Mr. Tracy's report of his work for 1843. 
 
 Mr. Girdwood, a passed Batticottah man, was the overseer, 
 while Mr. Tracy superintend from Tirumangalam spending, his 
 Saturdays at Pasumalai.
 
 49 
 
 and on September 1st, 1845, the school bungalow, 
 without any class rooms or kitchen, and the princi- 
 pal's bungalow had been so far completed as to 
 allow of the transfer of the school to its new 
 quarters. The remaining buildings were com- 
 pleted within the following two years, the church 
 having been finished so as to be used in October 
 1847. The east bungalow was erected for the use 
 of a second missionary instructor, whose coming this 
 jubilee year has just witnessed, thus testifying to 
 the breadth of plan and confidence of the founders. 
 The land on which the buildings were erected 
 was said to be held on annual lease from govern- 
 ment by the people of the neighbouring Krishna- 
 puram. But the Madras Government chose to deal 
 directly with the mission as a foreign body asking 
 permission to hold real estate, and granted on very 
 generous terms a title to a tract of land of forty 
 acres and more,* which included that claimed by 
 the Krishnapuram villagers, and waste land ex- 
 tending north towards the top of the hill. What- 
 ever their title was, the holders of the government 
 pattas were satisfied by a money payment, and friend- 
 ly relations were established between the mission- 
 aries and the thief caste which have continued to the 
 
 * See Appendix I.
 
 50 
 
 present day. This then, constituted the real estate 
 and school plant, which supplied for nearly forty 
 years the wants of the school. The erections were 
 of a substantial kind, and during 1 that time, re- 
 quired very little alteration to enable them to 
 meet the changing needs of the Seminary. But 
 by 1832, the institution had undergone such 
 changes, and had increased in size to such an ex- 
 tent, as to render necessary the initiation of those 
 changes, which have made it what it is to-day. 
 No pant of the school buildings are exactly what 
 they were. The area of usable room covers now 
 nearly three times what it did eleven years ago. 
 It was then about 14,000 square feet; it is now 
 over 41,000 square feet.* Our real estate has not 
 increased as much in extent ; but four or five plots 
 of land amounting to several acres, very valuable 
 for our purposes, have been acquired. One of 
 these directly before the college is the gift of Mr. 
 Grant Asirvatham. Most of the Pasumalai land 
 held by the mission was originally Government 
 waste ; and the remainder of it has cost the mis- 
 sion very little. But not so with the buildings. 
 
 * Since this was written in 1892, two hostels accommodating 
 56 students have been built, and arrangements have been made 
 for opening a cottage for the accommodation of ten or a dozen 
 more ; sixteen houses for students in the theological seminary 
 have also been erected.
 
 51 
 
 We have seen that, at the outset, the mission esti- 
 mated the cost of the necessary outfit at $2,500, 
 or say Rs. 5,000 ; but by the time Mr. Tracy had 
 completed the buildings, he had spent nearly 
 20,000 rupees ; and the expenditure on buildings 
 up to date has been not far from 65,000 rupees 
 to which the Board has contributed by direct grant 
 not far from 46,000 rupees.* This doea not in- 
 clude repairs. 
 
 As before mentioned the Seminary was opened 
 on September 4th, 1842, by assembling from the 
 feeder boarding schools of Dindigal, Tirupuvanam 
 and Tirumangalam 34 lads who had already made 
 some progress io an English and Vernacular edu- 
 cation. And according to the programme of their 
 studies, they were to undergo a very respectable 
 degree of teaching and training, in the five years 
 before they were to be dismissed from its highest 
 class. t The institution can fairly lay claim to 
 having been one of the earliest mission schools of 
 superior secondary education established in the 
 
 * la September 1895 the expenditure on buildings had 
 amounted to above Rs. 81,500 and the Board's contribution to 
 the same about Rs. 54,000. 
 
 t See list of text-books in the Appendix I. When the writer 
 came to the Seminary in 1870 he found the students' library 
 well supplied, for class use, with the Science and Mathematical 
 text-books in use in American Colleges in the forties.
 
 52 
 
 Presidency. And this claim is amply borne out 
 by the positions under government and in honor- 
 able vocations filled by its early students. 
 
 At that time, Batticotta Seminary in Jaffna 
 stood among the foremost mission schools in the 
 East. And the founders of the Pasumalai Semi- 
 nary seem to have studied with much care the 
 make up, management, curriculum of studies, and 
 the general arrangement and provision for the 
 Batticotta School.* Indeed, the Madura Mission 
 was but a bud nipped off from the Jaffna stock 
 and set to grow in Madura soil; and like buds 
 under such circumstances, it was, for a time, so far 
 as surroundings would allow, very much a repro- 
 duction of the original. 
 
 The pupils received into the new Seminary were 
 all of the Sudra caste; and the school was carried 
 on with careful reference to the caste prejudice of 
 pupils and teachers. Thus it went on for fivo 
 years ; and two classes left in a regular way. It 
 is possible, perhaps probable, that other than 
 revolutionary methods might have been adopted to 
 bring the practices of the school, and the mission 
 as well, more nearly into harmony with Christian 
 
 * It is an interesting fact that the first four masters in Fnsu- 
 malai were Batticotta Seminary men, and the head master con- 
 tinued to be a Batticotta man, till 1855.
 
 53 
 
 ideas of fellowship and brotherhood ; but such 
 were not employed ; and in October 1847 the caste 
 storm burst which left the Seminary little better 
 than a wreck. Ten only of the pupils remained, 
 though several others found their way back in the 
 course of time. 
 
 A very striking case was that of Muttian who 
 twelve years after came back to Pasumalai to confess 
 his rashness, and wrong doing towards Mr. Tracy 
 on that occasion, and to renounce caste and Hindu- 
 ism, and to be received by his old teacher into the 
 Christian fellowship. 
 
 The disastrous effect of the caste troubles on the 
 Seminary would not have been so serious, had not 
 the same cause also decimated the four boarding 
 schools as well as the Seminary; only 73 of 155 
 pupils} remaining in them after the storm had blown 
 over ; and from this set-back they never recovered.* 
 The four years following were years of reaction in 
 the native mind and of questioning and debate, in 
 which, not only the missionaries, but the Secreta- 
 
 * The boarding schools contained their largest number of 
 pupils in 1845, viz., 216; in 1846, 155; at the end of 1847, 81; 
 and in the following years 77, 68, 69, 82, 88, 91 ; in 1854 when 
 the Sivaganga school was united with the Tirupuvanam school, 
 98; in 1855 when the Dindigul and Mandapasalai schools were 
 united, 72; the next year when the Tirnpuvanam school was 
 dropped, 37 ; and in 1857 when the last school at Tirumanga- 
 lam was closed, 23.
 
 54 
 
 ries at home took part. Within that time several 
 questions began to loom on the missionary horizon, 
 and before long filled the whole educational sky. 
 The chief of these were and they were all closely 
 interwoven with one another The functions of the 
 Seminary ; The functions of Missionary Education ; 
 The place of English in Missionary Education in 
 India; The remuneration to be given Mission 
 agents and educated men in its employ ; and later 
 on, The posture of Mission education to Govern- 
 ment grants in aid. 
 
 It is not to be forgotten that American mission- 
 aries in Asia, in the thirties and forties, were be- 
 ginners ; and, whether they were conscious of it or 
 not, quite as much learners as teachers learners 
 of an old and complicated civilization, and of a 
 religion wholly heterogeneous from any thing they 
 had had to deal with, and therefore chief of all, 
 learners as to the means and methods of aggressive 
 Christian work. Western prejudices, and early 
 missionary preconceptions had to be given up; 
 and our early missionaries had to learn that in the 
 Madura district itself they were to devise their 
 own working scheme, and not find it ready made 
 in Jaffna or Calcutta. 
 
 Among the better classes of Jaffna, to which the 
 missionaries chiefly addressed themselves, they had
 
 55 
 
 found elementary schools by far the most available 
 agency for getting at the people ; and having all 
 their schools within easy reach of constant inspec- 
 tion they found it easy, through a system of moni- 
 tors and pupil-teachers in the elementary schools 
 to supply the necessary masters for them. But 
 laboring as they did, among a small and intelli- 
 gent section of the people, the missionaries also 
 strongly felt the need of institutions of higher in- 
 struction to prepare competent preachers and 
 assistants for them in their work. Moreover, under 
 the influence of Dr. Duff in Calcutta and Dr. An- 
 derson in Madras, it is undeniable, that among mis- 
 sionaries, the tide was moving in the direction of 
 missionary higher education. It is hardly neces- 
 sary to say that the combination of circumstances 
 described above as existing, in Jaffna, was highly 
 artificial, and not likely to exist in any other mis- 
 sion field, nor likely to allow of identical treatment 
 anywhere else. 
 
 With these preliminary statements, let us see if 
 we can place ourselves in the position of our pio- 
 neer missionaries, and look at things from their 
 point of view. When the first missionaries arrived 
 in Madura from Jaffna they found the Madura Dis- 
 trict wholly heathen, not one in five of the people 
 able to read. And yet its people had seen better
 
 56 
 
 days intellectually, and had reached in some things 
 a high stage of civilization. As in Jaffna, so here, 
 the missionaries found that as soon as the people 
 understood that they would teach them, the villa- 
 gers and towns-people from every quarter came 
 clamoring to their doors. for schools. And these 
 schools afforded permanent audiences, to which 
 the Bible could be taught, day after day, and in 
 such an amount, that the people could really be 
 made acquainted with Christianity; while on the 
 other hand no heathen would on any account enter 
 a place of Christian worship, and the audiences on 
 the street were uncertain in numbers, distracted, 
 and never twice the same. The missionaries there- 
 fore adopted schools and printed books as the 
 means of accomplishing their purpose with 
 the approval of their supporters at home* and 
 with gratifying success. f One difficulty, while this 
 
 * The course pursued in the schools at Madura must satisfy 
 any one, that they come within the Scriptural and literal com- 
 mand to publish the gospel to all nations. Report of the Board 
 for 1839, p. 108. 
 
 f In 1834 two schools were opened with 78 pupils. In 1835 
 there were eight schools with 312 pupils, in 1836, 37 schools were 
 going on with 1,286 pupils. The following year there were fifty- 
 nine schools under the missionaries with 2,158 pupils; and in 
 1842, the year in which the seminary was opened, there were 
 ninety-two schools, with 3,395 pupils. They reached their highest 
 level in 1845, when there were 114, with 3,7"!' pupils; after 
 that they declined, and in 1853 nominally ceased, perhaps, actu-
 
 class of schools continued to be used, was to obtain 
 suitable teachers, who, even under frequent inspec- 
 tions, would do their work intelligently and faith- 
 fully. The difficulty was partially met by a scheme 
 for training monitors or pupil-teachers, carried on 
 by each missionary at his station, thus obviating, 
 for the time-beiug, the need of any central training 
 school, had such a school then been possible or 
 practicable.* At any rate, from 1837, the time 
 when they began to agitate for a seminary till 
 1845 or 1846, the missionaries seem never to have 
 
 ally did cease for a few years, though there always seem to have 
 been some mission schools, maintained in purely heathen villages. 
 * Mr. Poor gives this description of the plan of the mission- 
 aries for availing themselves of the good-will and prestige of 
 the native village school and hereditary schoolmaster to graft 
 their Christian ideas upon them. " Most of the schoolmasters 
 hitherto employed (1836) are old men, but rendered docile by 
 considerations of self-interest. They are indeed, most anxious 
 to understand our new rules, which are to be strictly applied, 
 and the new lessons to be recited in the monthly meeting. For 
 the purpose of stimulating them in various branches of learning, 
 they are assembled at the mission house two days in a month. 
 In each school, a monitor is appointed, usually from the first 
 class, who receives half a rupee monthly. The object of ap- 
 pointing monitors is twofold ; first, to assist the teacher in in- 
 structing the classes ; secondly, to take measures for bringing for- 
 ward a better race of schoolmasters. In many schools the mon- 
 itor is by far the most efficient man ; and it is mainly by his 
 assistance that new branches of study and new methods of 
 teaching are introduced. The monitors are in attendance at 
 the mission station two days in a month, when they receive ap- 
 propriate instruction and direction for teaching their classei." 
 Statement of Schools for 1836. 
 
 8
 
 thought of the Seminary as a source of supply of 
 masters for their village schools. 
 
 The idea at the bottom of the Seminary contem- 
 plated quite another style of work than this simple 
 evangelism, and its aim was the preparation of 
 quite a different class of agents from those serving 
 in the village schools. 
 
 It is to be remembered that the missionaries 
 were college and seminary-bred men, accustomed 
 to the New England idea of the church, and to 
 the dignity and Fespeet attaching to it and its col- 
 lege-bred minister. Could these men at once lay 
 aside all these ideas, and come down to the simple 
 necessities of a mission among illiterates ? Should 
 they leave Christianity to such defenders in the 
 face of one of the most intellectual races the world 
 has produced ? Should they introduce a system of 
 theological education starting at the level of the 
 village school ? Or should they follow the honour- 
 ed traditions of New England Puritanism which 
 founded its first college within sixteen years of land- 
 ing on Plymouth rock, and which numbered more 
 graduates of Cambridge and Oxford among its emi- 
 grants, in proportion to its population, than the 
 mother country itself? Should they deliberately 
 arrange for a graded ministry who believe first of 
 all in the parity of the clergy ?
 
 59 
 
 The point from which all the missionaries viewed 
 higher education is well set forth by Mr. Tracy 
 in his report of 1842. He says: "It is evident to 
 any one who has paid the slightest attention to the 
 subject, that the immense population of this coun- 
 try can never be converted from idolatry and in- 
 structed in the worship of the only living and true 
 "God by the personal labors of foreign missionaries 
 
 That must be done chiefly through the agency 
 
 of men raised up from among the people themselves 
 and laboring under the direction of a few for- 
 eign missionaries. It was thus its present rulers 
 subdued its one hundred million inhabitants ; it is 
 only by the same means that they retain their pow- 
 er. We may in this respect learn wisdom from the 
 children of this world. Impressed with such views 
 the mission established boarding schools at nearly 
 all the stations as the first step towards raising ap 
 a native ministry/'* 
 
 Under the circumstances it is net surprising that 
 the first missionaries did not strike out wholly new 
 lines for themselves. They were not blessed with 
 
 * The first boarding school was established in Dindigul in 
 1837, and one each at Sivaganga, Tirupuvanam and Tirumanga- 
 lam in 1839 ; and the first setback in scholarship which the 
 Seminary suffered, arose from the caste defection of 1847, reduc- 
 ing not only the number of eligible pupils but also the quality 
 and scholarship of those sent for admission.
 
 60 
 
 superhuman prevision ; and it was in truth, events 
 which happend a year or two after the Seminary 
 was under way, that created division of opinion as 
 to the method of carrying it on. In the year the 
 Seminary was opened there began to be talk in the 
 Madura District about a gregarious movement of 
 villages and families towards Christianity such as 
 had occured in Tinnevelly under the ministry of 
 Khenius, Thomas, and other missionaries;* and 
 within five years, that is, before the caste troubles 
 broke out, a score of congregations had renounced 
 Hinduism, were waiting for instructors in the Chris- 
 tian religion and in the elements of knowledge, and 
 were needing preachers and teachers. 
 
 These applicants were not Christians, and they 
 were not, on the other hand, heathen. In joining 
 the mission they had gone as far as to renounce 
 idolatrous marks, ceremonies and worship ; and had 
 given their promise to keep the sabbath, practice 
 Christian forms and ceremonies and receive relig- 
 ious instruction. In some cases these catechumens, 
 as they were called, were remote villagers of the 
 poorest and lowest classes, repulsive in many ways 
 
 * A few applications to become catechumens were received 
 by Mr. Lawrence of Dindigul in 1842. In 1843 several con- 
 gregations with 330 members were received. In 1845 there 
 were 44 congregations with 330 members ; and in 1847, 73 con- 
 gregations with 1,113 members.
 
 61 
 
 to the higher and more educated classes. Yet they 
 needed religious instruction, and the mission need- 
 ed some system of training fitted to supply speedi- 
 ly a considerable number of men adapted to these 
 congregations; humble men, on very moderate sal- 
 aries, knowing enough to instruct their people, and 
 willing to live among them, and sympathise with 
 them in their lot. 
 
 The Seminary was not immediately called upon 
 to meet this demand in a direct way: on the other 
 hand, the necessity was immediately provided for 
 by the several missionaries, in the same way as they 
 had provided schoolmasters for their village schools. 
 It will be remembered that there were classes of 
 monitors at each station, who were taught and 
 trained two years, to prepare them for their work. 
 As the Hindu village schools declined, these classes 
 of monitors became the preparandi classes " whose 
 object was to supply suitable readers and teachers 
 for the Christian schools" and congregations. 
 These classes were carried on in almost all of the sta- 
 tions and gradually came to demand more and more 
 of the missionaries' time and care, till at length, in 
 1852, it was determined to transfer them to Pasu- 
 malai. There it was possible for the united classes 
 to receive much more thorough training and instruc- 
 tion than they could receive at the district stations,
 
 62 
 
 though something of the village simplicity of 
 thinking and living had to be sacrificed. Still later, 
 in 1856 and following years, classes of catechists 
 were received into the Seminary for a single year's 
 course of study. 
 
 We must now turn back and see what changes 
 the Seminary according to its original plan had 
 undergone in the years immediately following 
 1847. We have already seen that the caste troubles 
 left the boarding schools in a very feeble and shat- 
 tered condition, and, to say the least, supplied with 
 a less advanced grade of students than they previ- 
 ously had. At the same time, the waning activity 
 of missionaries in the line of their Hindu village 
 schools, the unlocked for success in gathering village 
 congregations, and the want of funds to keep all 
 their varied work on foot tended to concentrate their 
 attention on these village congregations, and the 
 missionaries naturally began to cast about for 
 means and plans to procure more and better edu. 
 cation for the youth in them, and finally to provide 
 from them indigenous agents to carry on their sta- 
 tion district work. Up to 1849, it had been the 
 custom of the missionaries to receive into their 
 boarding schools, and so into the seminary, promis- 
 ing lads of good family, whether Hindus, Roman 
 Catholics or Protestant Christians, and whether from
 
 63 
 
 the Madura, Tanjore or any other district, to be 
 trained for future Mission agents. When the first 
 boarding school was opened in Dindigul there were 
 no Protestant Christian children in our district; 
 and the number of such must have remained very 
 small for many years. Hence, when the Seminary 
 opened, all its students were either non-Protestants 
 from the Madura district or Protestant outsiders.* 
 Looking at these as materials for mission agents, 
 there seemed indeed some cause for misgiving, 
 But notwithstanding, after a practical test, it must 
 be confessed that the students turned out better 
 than was feared. Many completed their education; 
 most were truly converted in the boarding schools 
 or Seminary, and many became mission agents and 
 did excellent service. They constituted the most 
 intelligent and generally useful class of agents in 
 the mission, and not a few of their children are 
 with us to this day. They were well adapted for 
 the work at the station centers ; but they were not 
 
 * In the first class in 1842, 13 Hindus and 8 Romanists were 
 admitted ; in 1844, 7 Hindus ; in 1845, 7 Hindus and 7 Romanists ; 
 in 1846, 4 Hindus and 2 Romanists; in 1847, 4 Hindus and 5 Ro- 
 manists; in 1848, 3 Hindus; in 1850, 2 Hindus and 1 Romanist; 
 in 1851, 2 Hindus and 1 Romanist; in 1852, 3 Hindus; in 1854, 
 2 Hindus. The first convert was baptized in 1837; at the end 
 of 1840 there were but 15. The total number of communi- 
 cants in the mission was in 1839, the year the Seminary was 
 sanctioned, 19; in 1842, 42; in 1845, 120; in 1847, 186; in 1850, 
 235.
 
 64 
 
 inclined to, or fitted for rural life and work. Others 
 of them sought government service in preference 
 to any kind of mission work, to the great grief of 
 the missionaries, who had brought them up and 
 educated them. This was not forgotten by the 
 mission, which had little money to waste on failures 
 of this sort. And it resolved to avert, if possible, 
 danger in the future, and at the same time stimul- 
 ate education in the congregation of catechumens 
 by ordering admissions to the boarding schools 
 and Seminary to be restricted to the children of 
 our congregations. The order was followed in the 
 main, with its natural effect upon the schools. 
 
 About the same time, October 1849, another step 
 was taken in adapting mission education to current 
 needs and necessities. This consisted in a revision 
 of the curricula of the boarding schools and semi- 
 nary with reference to instruction in English. It 
 was claimed that though the pupils in the schools 
 were selected boys, many were incapable of learn- 
 ing English to a usable extent ; that English con- 
 sumed much time that might more profitably be 
 given to other things; that it delayed pupils in 
 getting into their work, and so enhanced the cost 
 of education; that it denationalized the student, 
 and broke his sympathy with mission work, while 
 it awakened aspirations for government service ;
 
 65 
 
 and that it compelled a higher rate of wages than 
 was compatible with the best interest of the work 
 of the mission;* and finally, that it retarded 
 the .development of vernacular literature. On the 
 other hand, many of the ablest missionaries main- 
 tained that there existed in Tamil literature noth- 
 ing but mere translations for Christian educated 
 men, and these were very few; that a useful edu- 
 cation, even of an elementary grade, much less of 
 a higher, in Christian or any subjects, could not be 
 obtained in Tamil alone; and that after such a 
 
 * The matter of remuneration to mission agents was a quea-- 
 tion by itself of no little importance, creating much discussion, 
 and in more ways than one, reflexively influencing mission 
 secondary education. At that time, Christians and non-Christ- 
 ians, intelligent and educated in English, were in great demand 
 in the government offices as well as among the missionaries. 
 What was to be the principle governing the remuneration of 
 men brought up and educated by the missionary societies 
 at their own expense ? The missionaries received a main- 
 tenance allowance. Were their educated agents to receive 
 a bare support, a comfortable support, or were they to be 
 paid the value of their services in the open market ? In 
 either of these last cases, could they be provided as preachers 
 and teachers for the young congregations and churches, if the 
 idea of self 'Support immediate or prospective was to receive 
 consideration? Or should self-support from the first be the 
 dominant idea, and only agents be employed of such quality, 
 and .at such rates as the congregation could afford? These 
 questions had to be acted on : and the different missionaries 
 pursued somewhat different methods: but on the whole, the 
 idea of the future self -support of the native laborers, and the 
 capital put into their education became important considerations 
 in settling not the question of remuneration only, but also, the 
 kind and grade of education, 
 
 9
 
 66 
 
 yernacular education had been gained it led to 
 nothing, there being no scientific literature, no 
 history, no biography, and no Christian literature 
 of value to educated men in the vernacular ; and 
 that for cogent reasons a vernacular educational 
 apparatus and literature could not be furnished by 
 missionaries then at work, or likely to be employ- 
 ed that would meet the requirements of the case.* 
 Some also believed the question of missionary edu- 
 cation in India, governed, as the country is, by 
 an English speaking people to be exceptional, and 
 was not to be decided only by such reasons as 
 should settle the question in Western Asia and 
 China. 
 
 There was a vast amount of discussion going on 
 about education in English, not only in the Madu- 
 ra Mission but in all the Asiatic Missions of the 
 Board, and not between the missionaries more 
 than between them and the management at home. 
 The question, as it presented itself at home and in 
 the missions, was a question first of policy, and 
 after that of funds. But, as has been said, late in 
 1 849 the mission revised its scheme of English study 
 
 * AB bearing on this question, the history and development of 
 the Christian Vernacular Education Society, a society instituted 
 about this time to promote Christian vernacular education and 
 literature, are most instructive and suggestive.
 
 67 
 
 in the Seminary, in general reducing it; but divid- 
 ing the Seminary course into two stages. In the 
 first of these Tamil and English was taught to all 
 the pupils; but at the beginning of the second 
 stage the pupils divided according to their ability 
 to go on, and the instruction of the first section was 
 continued in Tamil only.* It was not till 1852 
 that the proposed changes were actually carried into 
 effect, and then, not without some friction and the 
 loss of a few students. This plan was continued 
 till the changes determined on in 1855 superseded 
 this class arrangement. 
 
 In the beginning of February, 1 855, a deputation, 
 appointed by the Board in April of the previous year, 
 arrived in Madura. It consisted of the Foreign 
 Secretary and one from the Prudential Committee 
 of the Board. The immediate occasion of the 
 appointment of the commission was the establish- 
 ment of an English school in Bombay, which re- 
 quired a considerable outlay for building, and an 
 annual grant for maintenance from the treasury 
 of the Board. But the ultimate object was a gen- 
 eral revision of the methods of operation employ- 
 ed in all the Board's Indian missions, in order 
 
 * See Appendix to the Deputation's Report on Madura pp- 
 
 A * jt& 
 
 4o, 46.
 
 68 
 
 to bring them more nearly into harmony \vith the 
 views of the representatives of the Board. The 
 Foreign Secretary, as appears from his letters to 
 the missions, had a very clear-cut theory in regard 
 to mission work, and a strong repugnance to 
 English schools, as mission agencies.* 
 
 Numerous changes were brought about in the 
 mission by this visit, not the least of which were 
 those in education. So far as that was concerned, 
 the center of the work was transferred from the 
 heathen to the Christian congregations. Education, 
 used heretofore to gain access to the people, and 
 teach Hindus Christian truth was hereafter to 
 be exclusively used, first, to improve the youth of 
 the congregations, and secondly, to provide preach- 
 ers, teachers, and necessary evangelists. No schools 
 were to be maintained for Hindus; and no Hindu 
 children were to be allowed to attend the schools 
 for the Christian congregations, except on the per- 
 mission of a committee of the mission. As a mat- 
 ter of course, the English school in Madura was 
 disbanded; and in order to bring the Seminary 
 into closer sympathy with the village congrega- 
 tions, its feeder boarding schools were gradually 
 
 * See Dr. Anderson's letters to the Madura, Jaffna and Mah- 
 rathi Missions. Deputation Report.
 
 69 
 
 doubled up and closed, and- the Seminary was 
 brought down to the level of the village primary 
 school for its entering candidates. This point was 
 reached in 1857 when the last boarding school 
 ceased to exist; but English lingered on in the 
 Seminary for three years more, and vanished from 
 its walls in 1860. The principle of refusing govern- 
 ment aid* for each and all mission schools was 
 formally adopted. 
 
 These changes were accepted by a majority of 
 the missionaries and acquiesced in by all. It was 
 believed that a plan of campaign had now been 
 marked out in accordance with the apostolic 
 method, and that earnest work on these lines would 
 lead to triumphant success. In the Seminary, 
 geometry and algebra were taught in Tamil. 
 Commendable efforts were made to translate into 
 the vernacular books on physics, moral science, 
 and theology, church and general history, and to add 
 to the scanty supply of useful Tamil literature all 
 seconded by the American Press at Madras with 
 its newly designed dies for Tamil type, and its 
 beautiful typography. Tamil lyrics replaced hymns 
 and English tunes in public worship and earnest 
 
 * Grants were offered to the Seminary by the Collector of 
 the District.,- Mr. Blackburn, in 1848, before the grant-in-aid 
 coda came into existence.
 
 70 
 
 effort was made to make the theory of a purely 
 vernacular work a success.* 
 
 The following years were years of faithful, labo- 
 rious work; but by 1863 misgivings had begun to 
 spring up in the mind of the missionaries, and 
 some of the more rigid rules were relaxed. Hiu- 
 du children were freely allowed to attend the 
 schools of the Christian congregations. English 
 was readmitted into the Seminary in a small way ; 
 and the report which proposed these changes, 
 recommended that the question of resuscitating 
 the boarding schools be placed in the hands of a 
 committee for examination and report. f 
 
 It had been predicted that with the extinction 
 of the feeder boarding schools, the Seminary 
 would perish. On the other hand the deputation 
 reasoned that the doing away with the station 
 boarding schools and the connecting of the Semi- 
 nary directly with the village schools would stimu- 
 late and much improve these village schools. 
 
 * For the translation of numerous books and the introduction 
 of the native lyrics into Christian worship the mission was, at 
 this time, greatly indebted to the Rev. E. Webb, of Dindigul, 
 Vethanayaga Sastri of Tanjore, composed most of the lyrics 
 first introduced into worship, and Mr. Webb pioneered the way 
 for them into use. In his translation of text-books and other 
 books he was assisted by Mr. A. Allien who had worked many 
 years with Dr. Winslow on his great Tamil dictionary. 
 
 t Minutes of the Missions for May 1860.
 
 71 
 
 Neither of these anticipated events occurred. The 
 Seminary did not perish, and no appreciable im- 
 provement took place in the village schools. The 
 whole system of education was degraded. So far 
 as they were able, intelligent families among our 
 people preferred to send their children for educa- 
 tion to other missions instead of their own mission 
 schools at hand. 
 
 The influence of the East India Company's fa- 
 mous Educational Despatch of 1854 had by this 
 time begun to be felt in South India, stimulating 
 education in a remarkable degree.* It is no dis- 
 credit to the American Board of Missions that in 
 April 1854, when it appointed its deputation, it 
 was unacquainted with the spirit and purpose of 
 the Directors of the East India Company, or with 
 their now famous despatch ; and it is equally no 
 discredit that they could not forecast the result 
 of that, despatch, and the spirit in which it was to 
 be accepted, and administered by the government 
 in India. But we now know that that document 
 embodied the genuine purpose of the Directors at 
 
 * The two grant-in-aid codes of 1855 and 1858 prepared with 
 a view of giving efficacy to the despatch proved unworkable, 
 and too parsimonious to produce much effect; but the revised 
 code of 1865 was much more liberal and powerfully stimulated 
 education.
 
 72 
 
 home and their agents in India to enter upon a 
 new course of popular enlightenment. And we 
 now can easily say that any mission in India which 
 attempts to ignore or cuts itself off from the gov- 
 ernment system of education in -carrying on its 
 .work, makes a serious mistake.* 
 
 Mission educational matters went on in this way 
 till 1870. Lads, twelve or thirteen years of age, 
 were taken from the village schools into the Semi- 
 nary for a full course of five years, and were dis- 
 charged at seventeen or eighteen, as far fitted as 
 the circumstances would allow, for employment as 
 teachers and preachers. But the time had now 
 come when the mission was more than supplied 
 with this class of men ; at the same time it was 
 discovered that this was fast becoming the only 
 grade of men available, and that soon the pastor- 
 ates, and more important posts in the mission, 
 must be filled from them. 
 
 The most natural thing under these circum- 
 
 * In 1855, when the Deputation visited Madura, there were no 
 schools in the district supported by the government. By the 
 last report of the Director of Education (1892 3) the popula- 
 , tion of the district is 1,884,706; the schools of all classes 1,378 
 and the number of pupils in tho district 44,683 of which 6,280 
 were in the schools of tho American Madura Mission. Tho total 
 of pupils in the presidency was 644,164, by far the larger por- 
 tion in government schools.
 
 73 
 
 stances would have been to bring the new station 
 boarding schools into line with the Seminary, to 
 raise the standard of that institution, and to devel- 
 op a Theological Seminary upon it. And this was 
 actually done five years later but in a very round- 
 about way. At the time of which we speak, the gen- 
 eral education carried on in the Seminary togeth- 
 er with all the students, except the highest class, 
 was transferred to boarding schools ; and a purely 
 theological school was opened on the Seminary 
 premises, to which many of the best men in the 
 previous Seminary classes returned for two years 
 study, in subjects fitting them for the Christian 
 ministry. The new school of theology opened in 
 June 1870, and has continued to work on in sub- 
 stantially the same lines up to the present time. 
 There have been changes in text-books, and the 
 introduction of special subjects Greek, logic, and 
 mental science; but with these exceptions, the 
 course of study has remained substantially the 
 same.* 
 
 Kesults of social changes cannot in any caso be 
 fully foreseen ; so also it proved in regard to the 
 
 * With a view to providing a more thorough training for pas- 
 tors and spiritual agents of the mission, the Rev. J. P. Jones, in 
 January 1892, was appointed to the independent charge of this 
 department of the institution and this arrangement it is expect- 
 ed to maintain in future, 
 
 10
 
 74 
 
 changes in the school. It was expected that the 
 station boarding schools would furnish a good sup- 
 ply of young men, who, sooner or later, would find 
 their way into the theological classes. But in this 
 particular, expectation was doomed to disappoint- 
 ment. In the twenty years following scarcely a 
 young man, except by a very round about path, 
 has found his way from the station boarding 
 schools into the Theological Seminary. For the 
 first five or six years, its classes were chiefly filled 
 by men from the ranks of the catechists, and 
 schoolmasters, who had passed through the old 
 Seminary. Thus things went on for half a decade, 
 two years of which the principal was on sick leave 
 in the United States. On his return in 1874, it 
 was evident that some important change must be 
 introduced, for the supply of preachers to say 
 nothing of the supply of schoolmasters through 
 the C. V. E. Society's training school in Dindigul 
 was seriously falling short. 
 
 And the time was ripe for it. The Christian 
 community had become larger and more intelli- 
 gent; and educated Christian parents sought a 
 better education for their own children within 
 their own mission. The Government had already 
 entered the educational field, and had practically 
 settled the. question of English in all secondary
 
 
 7S 
 
 and higher education. The railway was opening 
 the district in an extraordinary way to a multitude 
 of outside influences, all urging in the direction of 
 united, systematic work in the education of our 
 Christian people. Opposition both at home and 
 ia the mission had died out, and other views of the 
 function of the school in missionary work had 
 taken their place. 
 
 It was therefore with great unanimity and heart- 
 iness that the mission voted in January 1875 to 
 open classes in Pasumalai for the purpose of im- 
 parting a general education on the lines laid dowa 
 by the Government for the lower secondary and 
 high schools preparatory to the University. Ac- 
 cordingly, on the 8th of June, a number of lads 
 from the various boarding schools assembled at 
 Pasumalai, from whom twenty were selected and 
 formed into a sixth standard class of the middle 
 school. Mr. P. Joseph, a trained matriculate of 
 the C. M. S. High School, Palamcottah, and now 
 a successful pleader, was made the first master, 
 and a new era of our educational work in the dis- 
 trict began. The boarding schools, the High 
 School, the College and the Theological Seminary 
 were brought into line under circumstances that 
 promised more favorable results than the former 
 experiment.
 
 76 
 
 For four years, the new school was restricted to 
 boarders on the premises; but there seemed no 
 reason to refuse the request for admission of non- 
 Christian scholars; and from 1879, day -scholars, as 
 well as boarders on the premises, have been freely 
 admitted to the school. The first class went up to 
 the University's Matriculation examination in 1879 
 and from that time, 1 20 have passed the examina- 
 tion from the high-school. In 1880 pupils began to 
 go up for the Middle School examination ; and 172 
 have passed that and the Lower Secondary exami- 
 nation from our middle school, besides 32 more 
 who have passed the Special Upper Primary ex- 
 amination to qualify for primary teachers. 
 
 The college department was affiliated with the 
 Madras University in 1881, and our students ap- 
 peared at the First in Arts examination in Decem- 
 ber 1883, since which 54 have passed that exam- 
 ination from the college. In 1886 a normal 
 department was organized in accordance with the 
 rules of government, and was recognized by the 
 Director of Public Instruction, as qualified to edu- 
 cate all the three grades of teachers up to the col- 
 lege grade. It has passed 69 teachers through 
 the theoretical branch of the examination. The 
 theological department has gone on without inter- 
 ruption since its organization in 1870, keeping up
 
 77 
 
 two classes, in one of which the subjects are taught 
 exclusively in the vernacular, and another in which 
 a part of the subjects are taught in English. With- 
 in this period 153 have been trained or are con- 
 nected with this department ; and most of these 
 have remained through the two years course, and 
 have passed out after examination by a committee 
 of the mission. 
 
 In making our final summary of the Seminary 
 as it was till 1870 we find 386 names on its regis- 
 ters, of whom 111 passed through its regular five 
 years course. Since that date 153 have enter- 
 ed the theological department. The nominal reg- 
 isters of the various schools show that 715 have 
 entered the middle school, 599 the high school 
 289 the college, 153 the normal school and 153 
 its primary practising branch, making alto- 
 gether 2,540. Of course, many of these names are 
 repeated ; some of them several times, as the pupil 
 passed from school to school; so that probably the 
 total number of separate individuals indicated does 
 not exceed 1 ,500, if it even reaches that number. 
 
 The cost of the school, which in this case includes 
 instruction, apparatus, books and also to a large 
 extent maintenance has amounted to Rs. 123,000 
 exclusive of the salary of the principal, which has 
 amounted to 97,000 rupees more. This last sum,
 
 78 
 
 however, should only in part be debited to the 
 school, since for 32 of these 50 years, the mission- 
 ary at the head of the institution has had a mis- 
 sion district in charge, and sometimes two districts. 
 Fees began to be levied twenty-four years ago of 
 the pupils receiving a general or non-professional 
 education. In the college and lower institutions 
 not far from 40,000 rupees have been paid in ; and 
 the government has made grants amounting to 
 about Rs. 15,000; so that the school and the peo- 
 ple of the district are largely indebted, for the 
 education here offered, to the benefactions of the 
 Christian people of America. 
 
 In 1879 the effort for an endowment was begun 
 in a humble way by a gift of 1,000 rupees. Other 
 gifts followed; and in 1884 the jubilee year of 
 the mission, the matter was taken up energetically 
 and over Rs. 5,000 were raised. These sums have 
 been added to, little by little, till the funds now on 
 deposit amount to between 14,000 and 15,000 ru- 
 pees. 
 
 Three voluntary societies have flourished in the 
 institution, which, both by their spirit and works 
 have honoured their members. The first was the 
 Native Provident Society. It raised its funds by 
 the money contribution, of its members and from 
 savings effected by the abstinence of its members
 
 79 
 
 from one meal a week. The funds, so collected, 
 amounted to a considerable sum in the aggregate 
 which was expended in tract distribution, on the 
 distressed and worthy poor, on maintaining for 
 many years a free primary school at Pasumalai, 
 and finally in the erection, in part, of a dispensary 
 building in Pasumalai. 
 
 The second society was the Native Improvement 
 Society, mainly supported by the masters and old 
 students of the school in mission employ, who feel- 
 ing the need of more books than they conld indi- 
 vidually own, organized themselves into a Library 
 and Improvement Society. They got together a 
 good sized library suited to their wants, and used 
 it for many years. It has now fallen into disuse, 
 but a part of it is still here and available. 
 
 The third was the Prayer Union, a society of 
 very much the same character as the Native Prov- 
 ident Society. It started in 1875 and in course of 
 time was changed into the Pasumalai Young Men's 
 Christian Association. The peculiar work of these 
 associations is familiar to most of you, and also the 
 special work of the Pasumalai Association, in the 
 line of rural evangelism. 
 
 It would be too long a task to speak of indivi- 
 dual men educated here, whose lives are worthy of 
 mention. The majority of them are still living
 
 80 
 
 and may well wait to have their lives and deeds 
 recorded by the future historian. 
 
 In conclusion, this cluster of institutions at Pasu- 
 malai can lay claim to occupy only a humble place, 
 and to have concerned itself chiefly with the instruc- 
 tion of a very small and humble community. But 
 the smallness and weakness of that community is 
 the smallness and weakness of vigorous growing in- 
 fancy not that of decaying age. The question these 
 institutions, on this 50th anniversary of their found- 
 ing, are bound to answer are such as these : Have 
 they done their work in that community, and 
 through it for the district, with a measurable degree 
 of success? Have they faithfully borne witness 
 to that light which dawned far back in the old 
 centuries, but which through following centuries has 
 been steadily ascending towards a perfect day ? 
 Have they held up ideals fit to inspire a worthy 
 following above self, above mammon ? And have 
 they made the country, or any so small part of it, 
 better by the teachings and lives of their men ? 
 If they can answer these questions to the satisfac- 
 tion of reasonable men, they have a just and rea- 
 sonable claim on the future.
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Extracts from the early Minutes and Correspondence 
 of the Mission relating to the Seminary : 
 
 July 5th, 1838. Brethren Poor and Tracy were 
 appointed to draft a letter to Mr. Anderson expressing 
 our views in regard to boarding schools and a Semi- 
 nary to be established at some future time, to be pres- 
 ented to the next quarterly meeting. 
 
 August 6th, 1838. Voted that a Committee of three 
 be appointed to draft a letter to the Prudential Committee 
 urging our need of a Seminary to be presented at the 
 quarterly meeting. [This Committee presented a re- 
 port which was adopted at the meeting Oct. 9th, 1839.] 
 
 Oct. 3rd, 1838. The Committee appointed to ex- 
 press our views to the Prudential Committee in relation 
 to boarding schools and Seminary presented their report 
 which was accepted. 
 
 Jan. llth, 1839. Voted that brethren be authorized 
 to encourage the attendance of the monitors of our 
 schools at the mission premises daily for instruction by 
 giving them half a rupee per month. 
 
 April 1st, 1839. From a letter written to the Pru- 
 dential Committee, requesting a grant for establishing 
 
 11
 
 82 
 
 Seminary. " We cannot by tiny possible means, from 
 any existing known source, obtain either the number 
 of native assistants necessary "for us, or those possess- 
 ing such character and qualifications as the interests of 
 the mission require. We supposed that we wore war- 
 ranted in expecting such aid from the Batticotta Semi- 
 nary, and our hopes have rested there as the only source. 
 But the result has been often-repeated disappointment, 
 both in relation to the qualifications of the young men 
 who have come, and to the number which have been sent, 
 until we are constrained to relinquish all hope." 
 
 Oct. 9th, 1839. Brethren Poor and Dwight were 
 appointed to draft a letter to Government in relation to 
 the Tamakam, requesting that we may be allowed to 
 use it for the purpose of a Seminary. 
 
 Oct. llth, 1839. Voted that the brethren at Dindi- 
 gul be encouraged to send two catechists to the Catho- 
 lic applicants near Trichinopoly to obtain information 
 and induce young men to engage as preparandi [z'.e., 
 pupil-teachers to be trained for teachers.] Brethren 
 Dwight, Poor and Lawrence were appointed a Commit- 
 tee to report respecting the expediency of gathering 
 a preparandi class. 
 
 April 8th, 1840. The Committee on the Tamakam 
 presented a copy of a letter to Sir Alexander Johnston 
 and reported progress. 
 
 Oct. 7th, 1841. Brethren Dwight, Crane and Steel 
 were appointed a Committee upon the following ques-
 
 irons : What advance in study in the boarding schools 
 should be considered sufficient preparation for entrance 
 to the proposed Seminary ? How many boys should be 
 thus advanced before the Seminary is commenced ? 
 
 April, 1842. Voted that brethren Cherry, Crane and 
 Dwight be a Committee on compound for Seminary 
 and plans of buildings, &c. 
 
 Estimate for Seminary building compound and .prin- 
 cipal's house Rs. 2,400, central school building Rs. 500. 
 
 August 17th, 1842. " Voted that the two first classes 
 in the boarding schools at Dindigul, Tirumangalam, and 
 Tirupuvanam be assembled at Tirumangalam, as the 
 commencement of a Seminary under charge of brother 
 Tracy as PrincipaL" 
 
 August 17th, 1842. The Committee on compound 
 and plans for a Seminary beg leave to report in part, 
 recommending t4iat the lot of land adjoining the old jail 
 on the west and lying on the north of the road leading 
 east to the Tamakam and measuring 18 acres more 
 or less be purchased and inclosed as soon as possible. 
 
 The Book Committee beg leave to present the fol- 
 lowing as a list of books to be ordered from America. 
 25 Copies Abridgement Olmstead's Philosophy. 
 25 Olmstead's Astronomy. 
 25 Day's Mathematics including Loga- 
 rithms Trigonometry,' Mensuration, 
 Navigation and Surveying.
 
 84 
 
 25 Copies Playfair's Euclid. [ed. 
 
 12 Mathematical Tables the most approv- 
 25 Day's Algebra, &c., &c., adopted, sent, 
 
 and procured. 
 
 [No appropriation was received towards erection of 
 the Seminary till Jan. 1844 when Rs. 7,000 was voted 
 by the home Committee.] 
 
 April 3rd, 1844. Voted that Mr. Cherry be allowed 
 to spend not over Rs. 2,500 in purchasing a lot for the 
 Seminary. 
 
 July 25th, 1844. Voted that brother Muzzy be ap- 
 pointed to assist brother Tracy in the Seminary buildings, 
 such as plans, location, &c. [The same meeting] Bro. 
 Tracy presented plans for a house and Seminary which 
 were accepted. 
 
 No. 249, Madura, Apr. llth, 1846. 
 
 From Mr. J. Blackburn, 
 
 Principal Collector of Madura, 
 
 To Rev. Messrs. Tracy and Cherry, 
 
 American Missionaries, Madura, 
 GENTLEMEN, 
 
 I have much pleasure in communicating the ready ac- 
 quiescence of the most Noble, the Governor in Council with 
 my prayer of the 14th of February, that you should be 
 allowed to hold c. 23, a. 7| of peramboke gravel hill 
 known by the name of Pasumalai, at the tax of one
 
 85 
 
 anna per cawny per annum, and that you should hold 
 the neighbouring land previously in your possession 
 comprising c. 10, a. 10| taxed in the survey at Ra. 5-0-8 
 at the reduced rate of Rs. 3-13-11 per cawny per an- 
 num, &c., as long as they continue to appropriate it to 
 scholastic missionary purposes. 
 
 I have the honour to be, gentlemen, 
 Your most Obedient Servant, 
 
 (Signed) J. BLACKBURN, 
 
 Principal Collector. 
 
 October 4, 1849. At the mission meeting the follow- 
 ing report was read and adopted : 
 
 I. " That the object of the Seminary is not general 
 like that of a College, but is exclusively, to raise up 
 the native missionaries required in our field. 
 
 II. " That the course of instruction in boarding 
 schools, and in the first stage in the Seminary, be main- 
 ly in Tamil, and that the English language be studied 
 as a classic in the boarding schools, to the amount of 
 one hour a day, and in the Seminary two hours a day, 
 both exclusive of recitations. That the rule and aim in 
 respect to English shall be ability, at the end of the first 
 stage, to read common English with profit. 
 
 III. " That when the course of instruction in the first 
 stage, on these principles, is completed, a division be 
 made and that those not designed for the second stage
 
 86 
 
 in English, pursue mainly Tamil for one year ; that the 
 others, amounting to at least one-third of the whole, 
 pursue both in English and Tamil a more extended 
 course ; the aim being in respect to English, partly 
 to give instruction in it, but more especially to prepare 
 them for profit in the continued study of it, and that the 
 rule and aim in respect to the amount of this prepara- 
 tion, shall be thoroughness." 
 
 January, 1850. At a meeting of the mission, the fol- 
 lowing course of study was adopted : 
 
 SEMINARY, FIRST COURSE. 
 Tamil Studies. 
 
 . [mi-. 
 
 Rhenius' 
 
 Schaffter's Geography of 
 Palestine. 
 
 English 
 
 Webster's Spelling-book re- 
 viewed. 
 
 Pond's Murray's Grammar. 
 Putnams's Introduction. 
 Analytical Read- 
 er. 
 
 Analytical Sequel. 
 Book of Commerce. 
 Parley's First Book of His- 
 tory. 
 
 Schaffter's Geography of 
 Classical Reader 
 
 begun. 
 Tamil Bible. 
 Rhenius' Body of Divinity. 
 
 Studie*. 
 
 Britons and Saxons. 
 D'Aubigne's History of the 
 
 Reformation. 
 
 Middle Ages of England. 
 Geography : Text-book 
 
 Mitchell's. 
 Joyce's Arithmetic.
 
 87 
 
 SEMINARY, SECOND COURSE. 
 Tamil Studies. 
 
 Gallaudett's Natural Theol- 
 ogy- 
 
 Rhenius' Evidences of 
 Christianity. 
 
 Crisp's Theology and Crisp 
 on the Christian Ministry. 
 
 Earth's Church History. 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 9/psv and Classical Reader. 
 Hindu Astronomy. 
 Composition in Tamil. 
 
 English Studies. 
 
 Symond's Geography of 
 
 India. 
 Watts on the Mind. 
 
 Robbins' Compendi- 
 um of History. 
 Wayland's Moral 
 Science. [omy. 
 Do. Political Econ- 
 Hopkins' Summary 
 
 of Theology. 
 Day's Algebra. 
 Playfair's Euclid, 
 omitting fifth Book 
 I and Supplement. 
 
 Olmstead's Natural Philos- 
 ophy, School Edition. 
 
 Astronomy. 
 Day's Mathematics. 
 Dwight's Theology. 
 English Composition.
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 SCHOOL PLANT AND COST. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Es. 
 
 A. 
 
 p. 
 
 Es. 
 
 A. 
 
 p. 
 
 1842-7 
 
 West Bungalow and out-hous- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 es 
 
 3,927 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East Bungalow and out-hous- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 es 
 
 3,917 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Church ... 
 
 2,853 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 Seminary and 4 clasa rooms, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 godown, kitchen, dining 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 room ... 
 
 3,677 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sick room, bath room and lat- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 rine 
 
 362 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Prayer rooms and Quadrangle 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 wall 
 
 566 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 Verandah to class rooms 
 
 52 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 Helpers' Houses ... 
 
 1,245 
 
 1 
 
 c, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Compound wall ... ,.. 
 
 474 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17,075 
 
 6 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 The above is from Mr. Tracy's 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 private memorandum. Mr. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rendall in his report of the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Seminary to the Deputa- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tion, February 1855, makes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 the cost of the whole plant, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 up to that date, ... ... 
 
 
 
 
 19,975 
 
 14 
 
 4 
 
 
 

 
 89 
 
 
 
 Cost. 
 
 A.B.C. 
 
 grant. 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 
 Rs. 
 
 Rs. 
 
 Rs. 
 
 
 
 19,975 
 
 19,975 
 
 
 1870 
 
 Changes in the School buildings 
 
 
 
 
 
 and Bungalow 
 
 1,988 
 
 1,988 
 
 
 1877 
 
 Building Dispensary and school 
 
 
 
 
 
 room 
 
 368 
 
 
 368 
 
 1877 
 
 Do. Lenox Science Room 
 
 700 
 
 
 700 
 
 1879 
 
 Do. Post Office 
 
 550 
 
 
 550 
 
 1880 
 
 Do. Gymnastic Room... 
 
 300 
 
 300 
 
 
 1882 
 
 Rebuilding Old Dormitory and 
 
 
 
 
 
 College Class Room ... 
 
 3,132 
 
 2,665 
 
 467 
 
 1882-4 
 
 Building Laura Blossom Library.. 
 
 605 
 
 
 605 
 
 1884 
 
 Do. Churph Gate Lodge, Infirm- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ary, &c. 
 
 1,439 
 
 150 
 
 1,289 
 
 1886 
 
 Do. Hollis Moore Memorial Hall. 
 
 9,013 
 
 8,890 
 
 123 
 
 1888 
 
 Rebuilding College and improve- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ments 
 
 12,650 
 
 4,578 
 
 8,072 
 
 1888 
 
 Building Pastor's House and 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 College Teachers' Houses 
 
 2,939 
 
 2,939 
 
 
 1890 
 
 Rebuilding C apron Cottage 
 
 
 
 
 
 Teachers' Houses 
 
 755 
 
 755 
 
 
 1891 
 
 2 Catechist-Students' Houses ... 
 
 215 
 
 
 215 
 
 1891 
 
 Build'g New Dining Hall & Kitchen 
 
 3,500 
 
 
 3,500 
 
 1891 
 
 Do. Bible woman's Cottage 
 
 320 
 
 
 320 
 
 1892 
 
 Do. Beals Memorial Class Rooms. 
 
 2,400 
 
 1,362 
 
 1,038 
 
 1892 
 
 Do. East Normal Room 
 
 850 
 
 850 
 
 
 1892 
 
 Do. 2 Theological Teachers' 
 
 
 
 
 
 Houses 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,500 
 
 
 1892-5 
 
 Do. 16 do. Students' 
 
 
 
 
 
 Houses and Compound Walls . . . 
 
 4,650 
 
 2,850 
 
 1,800 
 
 1893 
 
 Do. Connecting Verandah 
 
 780 
 
 
 78C 
 
 1892-5 
 
 Do. Southfold Hostel Hindu 
 
 
 
 
 
 Students' Home 
 
 4,000 
 
 
 4,000 
 
 1894 
 
 Do. Alden Cottage Teachers' 
 
 
 
 
 
 Houses ... ... 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,500 
 
 
 
 
 71,129 
 
 50,302 
 
 23,827 
 
 12
 
 
 
 Cost. 
 
 A.B.C. 
 grant. 
 
 Other. 
 
 
 
 Rs. 
 
 Rs. 
 
 Rs. 
 
 
 
 74,129 
 
 50,302 
 
 23,827 
 
 1895 
 
 Building Williams College Cottage 
 
 
 
 
 
 Teachers' Houses ... 
 
 1,210 
 
 1,210 
 
 
 1895 
 
 Do. Yokan Lodge for College 
 
 
 
 
 
 Students ... ... ... 
 
 4,000 
 
 
 4,000 
 
 1895 
 
 Do. Cedar Cottage ... 
 
 800 
 
 800 
 
 
 1895 
 
 Do. Assistant Principal's Quar- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ters ,.. 
 
 1,275 
 
 1,275 
 
 
 
 
 81,314 
 
 53,587 
 
 27,827
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 TEACHING STAFF IN THE OLD SEMINARY. 
 18421870. 
 
 Rev. W. Tracy, D.D., Principal, 
 
 from Sept. 1842 to Nov. 1867. 
 
 He left on furlough to America in Nov. 1850, 
 
 returned April 1854. 
 
 Rev. James Herrick, B.A., Acting Principal, 
 
 from Nov. 1850 to Apr. 1854. 
 
 May 1867 to Apr. 1870. 
 Aug. 1872 to Oct. 1874. 
 
 Mr. A. North, Assistant Principal, 
 
 from Jan. 1846 to Jan. 1847. 
 
 Teachers. 
 
 Mr. J. Cotton Mather, Jaffna, 
 
 Batticotta Seminary, from Sept. 1842 to Jan. 1844 
 
 Mr. Wright, Jaffna, Batticotta Sem. 1843 to 1845 
 Kellogg, 1843 ... 1844 
 
 S. Winfred, Tinnevelly, 1844 ... 1855 
 
 A. Barnes, Diudigul, Pasumalai Sem. 1845 Th. S. 
 G. W. Edelman, Tirupuvanam, P.S. 1845 ... 1847 
 J. Grant Asirvatham, Tanjore, 1846 ... 1847 
 A. Allien, Tirupuvanam, 1847 ... 1848 
 
 A. G. Rowland, Tinnevelly, 1848 ... 1868 
 John Colton, Tanjore, 1848 Th. S,
 
 92 
 
 Mr. Gurunathan Samuel, Ammapatti, P.S. 1854 ... 1870 
 M. Eames, Kottampatti, Melur, 1854 ... 1870 
 H. Martyn Winfred, Tinnevelly, 1856 ... 1857 
 Charles Coit, Thevathanapatti, 1850 ... 
 K. Asirvatham, Tirurnangalam, 1861 ... 1870 
 
 THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 
 
 Principals, 
 
 Rev. G. T. Washburu, B.A., D.D. June 1870 to Apr. 1883 
 Oct. 188 4 ...Jan. 1892 
 
 J. P. Jones, M.A., D.D. Apr. 1883 ... July 1883 
 
 Jan. 1892 ... 
 
 J. S. Chandler, M.A. July 1883 ... Oct. 1884 
 
 Ag. Principal, Aug. 1890 ... Oct. 1890 
 
 Teachers and Instructors. 
 
 Rev. A. Barnes, M.A. 1870 ... 
 
 J. Colton 1870 ... June 1875 
 
 S. Mathurauayagam June 1872 ... Nov. 1883 
 
 W. A. Buckingham Nov. 1883 ... Jan. 1895 
 
 Mr. P. Daniel, Matr. Jan. 1892 ... 
 
 P. Asirvatham 1892 ... 
 
 S. Sesha Sastri 1893 ... 
 
 MIDDLE, HIGH SCHOOL, AND COLLEGE. 
 
 Principals. 
 
 Rev. G. T. Washburn, B.A., D.D. June 1875 to Apr. 1883 
 
 Oct. 1884 ..
 
 93 
 
 Rev. J. P. Jones, M.A, I>.D. Apr. 1883 ... July 1883 
 J. S. Chandler, M.A. July 1883 ... Oct. 1884 
 
 Mr. D. S. Herrick B.A., and Rev. J. S. Chand- 
 ler, M.A., Acting Principals, Apr. 1890 ... Dec. 1890 
 
 Assistants of the Principal. 
 
 Mr. Chapin, B.A. Sept. 1883 to Oct. 1884 
 
 D. S. Herrick, B.A. Oct. 1885 ... Aug. 1890 
 
 Rev. R. Humphrey, B.A. Apr. 1890 ... Dec. 1890 
 
 Mr. H. H. Stutson, B.A. Jan. 1891 ... Apr. 1894 
 
 Rev. W. M. Zumbro, M.A. Nov. 1894 ... 
 
 Teachers and Professors, 
 
 Mr. P. Joseph, Matriculate June 1875 to Aug, 1882 
 Thos. Rowland June 1875 ... Oct. 1879 
 
 A, Samuel, Matr. Oct. 1877 ... T.I. 
 
 N. Sidambaram Ayer, Matr. June 1877 ... Jan. 1888 
 N. Samiadian, Matr. Mar. 1878 ... Jan. 1884 
 
 Rengasami, F.A. June 1880 ... Aug. 1883 
 
 T. Loganatha Ayer, F.A. Oct. 1879 ... Sept. 1883 
 Samuel Barnes, Matr. June 1880 ... June 1882 
 ,, Ramachandra Ayer, B.A. Mar. 1882 ... Nov. 1882 
 Sambasiva Ayer, B,A. Sept. 1882 ... Apr. 1883 
 Krishnasami Ayer, B.A. Sept. 1882 ... Feb. 1883 
 P. Mahalingam Ayer, B A. Mar. 1883 ... June 1884 
 S. Muttusami Pillai, B.A. June 1883 ... Nov. 1883 
 N. Sabapathi Chetty June 1883 ... Jan. 1885 
 
 S. Moses, Matr. June 1884 ... T. I. 
 
 S. Matthusami Ayer, B.A., L.T. 
 
 Feb. 1884 ... June 1893
 
 94 
 
 Mr. V. W. Stephensou, Jaff. Col. Jan. 1885 ... 
 K. Gauapathi Ayer, B.A. June 1885 ... Jan. 1891 
 C.Ganapathi Ayer, B.A. Feb. 1885 ... Apr. 1889 
 Chinniah Eames, Matr, June 1885 ... Dec. 1885 
 Y. Joseph Taylor, Matr. Jan. 1886 ... Jan. 1889 
 A. David, Hosp. Asst., lust. 
 
 in Physiology ... Jan. 1886 ... Jan. 1889 
 
 S. Anantharama Ayer, B.A. Feb. 1889 ... Apr. 1890 
 S. Sesha Sastri, Sanskrit Munshi 
 
 Feb. 1889 ... 
 
 Peter Isaac, B.A., L.T. Feb. 1890 ... 
 
 V. Santhiagu, F.A. Jan. 1891 ... 
 
 S. Ramakrishna Ayer, B.A., L.T. 
 
 Jan. 1892 ... 
 
 S. Mahadeva Ayer, B.A. June 1893 ... 
 
 G. Joseph, Matr. & Ag. Col. J une 1893 ... 
 
 Paul Samuel, B.A. June 1894 ... 
 
 S. Gnanapirakasam, B.A. June 1895 ... 
 
 TRAINING INSTITUTION AND PRACTISING SCHOOL. 
 
 Head Masters, and Training Masters. 
 Mr. W. Devapiriam Clark, B.A. Feb. 1886 ... Jan. 1890 
 S. Chinniah B.A., L.T. Jan. 1890 ... 
 
 R. S. Ignatius, Matr. Feb. 1885 ... 
 
 R. Sivasambu Ayer, F.A. Aug. 1889 ... July 1891 
 S. Minachisundaram Ayer, F.A. 
 
 Jan. 1890 ... Mar. 1892 
 R. Michael, F,A. Jan. 1891 ...
 
 95 
 
 Mr. V. David, Drawing Master, 
 
 Medalist & Group Certif. June 1892 ... 
 
 Practising School. 
 
 Mr. A. Samuel, Matr. Jan. 1886 ...Sept. 1895 
 
 S. Moses, Matr. 1886 ... 
 
 A. Pakkianathan, F.A. 1889 ... 
 
 M. Abraham, Matr. 1889 ...Nov. 1893 
 
 P. Vethanayagam, Matr. Feb. 1890 ... Dec. 1890 
 
 R. C. Thomas, Matr. Jan. 1894 ... 
 
 N. Ramalingam, Matr. Sept. 1895 ... 
 
 Gymnastic Teachers. 
 
 Mr. N. SithambaramAyer,Matr. Jan. 1884 ... Jan. 1888 
 Gr. Joseph, Matr. & G. Certif. Jan. 1884 ... Oct. 1890 
 June 1893 ... 
 
 I. David, 1889 ... Jan. 1892 
 
 G. David, Jan. 1891 ... 1892 
 
 Paul Daniel Jan. 1891 ... July 1892 
 
 P. David July 1892 
 
 Medical Assistants. 
 Rev. S. Mathuranayagam, Hosp. Asst , 
 
 June 1871 ... Dec. !8gS 
 Mr. Gurupatham, Certif., Hosp. Asst., 
 
 Jan. 1884 ... Aug. 1885 
 
 A. David, Asst. Oct. 1885 ... Feb. 1889 
 
 S. Devanesam May 1889 ... Dec. 1891 
 ,A. Tambupillai May 1892 ... 
 
 Clerk of the College 8? Institution. 
 Mr. V. Ramanatha Ayer, Matr. Jan. 1891 .,.
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 (anus of Stotonts in $asmnalai Sminarg, 
 
 1842 187O. 
 
 1841 
 
 K. Manikkam, Robert Street 
 D. Manikkam, Samuel 
 S. Stisai, Albert Barnes 
 J. Asirvatham, John Lodor 
 
 Grant 
 
 A. Asirvatham, David 
 R. Asirvatham, Michael 
 D. Jesildas, Michael [man 
 S. Subramanian, G.W. Edel- 
 G. Rajakannu, Wilfred Hall 
 P. Soundarapandian, Abra- 
 ham Allien 
 
 A. Anbunathan, Joseph 
 D. Anbunathan, Samuel 
 R. Rayappan, David 
 S. Vethamanikkam, J. Ed- 
 wards [ian 
 T. Vethamanikkam Christ- 
 G. Devasagayam 
 G. Kalaimegam 
 G. Nallannan 
 A. Jaganathan 
 
 R. Gurunathan 
 
 T. Selvanayagam 
 
 V. Subbunayakan 
 
 M. Perumal, I. Williams 
 
 M. Rayappan, L. Parsons 
 
 S. Savarirayan, James 
 
 Tafts [bel 
 
 S. Rayappan, Walter Hub- 
 R. Antonimutthu, Henry 
 
 Allen 
 C, Masillamani, Albert G. 
 
 Rowland 
 V. Mutthian 
 
 T. Puvallan, Dwight Rip- 
 ley 
 
 P. Nallasangu 
 S. Rasauayagam 
 J. Devasagayam 
 S. Reugasami 
 
 1844. 
 
 R. Pakiam, Cha. W. Rock- 
 well
 
 S. Ganapathi, John Harned 
 Joseph 
 David 
 
 A. Kanthan, Henry Hill 
 R. Nagalingam 
 G. Nallathambi, John Col- 
 ton 
 
 R. Sankaralingam 
 N. Ramasami 
 
 C. Devasagayamani f lor 
 V. Velayutham, John Tay- 
 N. Palaniyandi, J. Elling- 
 
 wood 
 
 1845. 
 
 Thangasami, Joseph Emer- 
 son 
 
 N. Appasami [lig 
 
 S. Arokkiam, William Stir- 
 
 V. Andi 
 
 V. Arumugam, Rufus An- 
 derson 
 
 T. Jeganathan 
 
 P. Isaac 
 
 V. Manikkam, John Shep- 
 ard 
 
 G. Mathuranayagam 
 
 S. Muniyandi, Ezra Ely 
 
 D. Gnanaparanam, Moses 
 K. Ponnusami, Alvan Bond 
 Sangili 
 
 A. Savarimutthu 
 
 A. Suppan, N. Moses 
 
 P. Crane 
 
 P. Vethakkannu 
 
 [Coit 
 
 V. Vethanthavelu, Charles 
 S. Yagappan, Jacob 
 P. David 
 D. Satthianathan 
 A. Asirvatham 
 A. Pirakasam 
 Gnanamutthu 
 Manuel, H. Arms 
 A. Savarimutthu 
 
 C. Arokkiam 
 
 1846. 
 
 V. Ambalam, Henry Allen 
 
 Asirvatham 
 
 John 
 
 Manikkam, Calvin Chapin 
 
 Manuel, Robert Landes 
 
 Peter 
 
 V. Suntharam 
 
 Saravanakumaru 
 
 Chokkalingam 
 
 1847. 
 
 D. Arokkiam, Edgar Gre- 
 gory 
 
 S. Arokkiam 
 Karunaiyanantham 
 A. Chinnappan 
 Pichaimutthu [Clark 
 
 N. Mutthusami, Alfred 
 Arokkiam 
 
 13
 
 98 
 
 Rengasami 
 
 Narayanan 
 
 K. Asirvatham 
 
 K. Suppan, Asirvatham 
 
 A. Abraham 
 
 1848. 
 
 S. Athisayam 
 
 M. Pitchaimtthu 
 
 S. Rayappan 
 
 P. Duraisami, S. Mills 
 
 R. Masillamani 
 
 K. Chinnathamban 
 
 K. Karuppanan 
 
 P. Nallathambi, M. Eames 
 
 T. Lazarus 
 
 P. Jacob, Theron Loomis 
 
 W. H. Martyn Winfred 
 
 P. Mutthurakku Jacob 
 
 1850. 
 W. Daniel 
 P. Joseph 
 A. Fitch 
 C. David 
 A. Peter 
 A. Isaac 
 
 A. Vellaiyan [ingham 
 
 M. Santhiagu, W. A. Buck- 
 Ratthinam 
 
 1852. 
 
 K. Arumainayagam, W. P. 
 Whittelsey 
 
 G. Paranjothi, W. J. Baxter 
 
 R. Jesuthasan 
 
 D. Belavendram 
 
 P. Gnanaratthinam 
 
 K. Solomon 
 
 T. Ebenezer 
 
 Y. Chinnappan 
 
 T. Zachariah 
 
 D. Moses 
 
 S. John 
 
 J. II. DeZilva 
 
 Segini, Ezekiel 
 
 Joshua 
 
 A. Michael 
 
 I. Savarimutthu 
 
 Savarimutthu 
 
 Vetham 
 
 Daniel 
 
 Johnson 
 
 Joshua 
 
 Manikkam 
 
 Pakkiam 
 
 Solomon 
 
 Peter 
 
 Moses 
 
 Israel 
 
 1853. 
 S. Yagappau, Joseph; 
 
 1854. 
 
 G. John 
 V. Pakkiam
 
 99 
 
 T. Lazarus 
 
 R. Santbiappan 
 
 A. Amirtham 
 S. Vethamutthu 
 J. Solomon 
 
 C. Masillamani 
 
 B. Samuel 
 
 D. Vethamutthu [mas 
 M. Sangilikaruppan, Tho- 
 S. Mutthukaruppan, Isaac 
 A. Santhirakannu, Devasa- 
 
 gayam 
 M. Ponnusami, Asirvatham 
 
 C. Appavu, Abraham 
 
 1856. 
 
 A. Vetham, 1st 
 
 A. Vetham, 2nd 
 
 S. Vaitbilingam, Abel 
 
 S. Gurupatham 
 
 R. Antony 
 
 N. Mutthusami 
 
 M. Savarimutthu 
 
 K. Peter 
 
 S. Vethamanikkam 
 
 A. Zaccheus 
 
 Mutthusami 
 
 S. Mutthusami, A. Foster 
 
 V. Isaac 
 
 A. Vetham 
 
 N. Savarimutthu 
 
 A. David 
 
 S. Pakkiam 
 
 A. Savarimutthu 
 
 A. Simon 
 
 A. Solomon 
 
 S. Pichaimutthu 
 
 S. Savarimutthu 
 
 S. Asirvatham 
 
 J. David 
 
 J. Arokkiam 
 
 Venkatasalam 
 
 Yesadian 
 
 1857. 
 
 A. Asirvatham 
 M. Devasagayam 
 
 B. Chancy 
 P. Crane 
 B. Daniel 
 P. Henry 
 I. Isaiah 
 N. Lazarus 
 M. Michael 
 A. Michael 
 
 S. Savarimutthu 
 S. Santhiagu 
 S. Visuvasam 
 S. Yagappan 
 D. Samithasan 
 Savarimutthu 
 Yesadian 
 Johnson 
 Christian 
 William
 
 100 
 
 1858. 
 
 J. Barnabas 
 
 D. Gnanathikkam 
 
 S. Gnanamutthu 
 
 J. Isaac 
 
 S. Jacob 
 
 S. Manuel 
 
 V. Mutthu 
 
 G. Pirakasam 
 
 A. Pichaimutthu 
 
 A. Rayappan 
 
 D. Solomou 
 
 M. Devasagayam 
 
 P. Samuel 
 
 K. Vethauayagam 
 
 A. Cornelius 
 
 P. Jacob 
 
 K. David 
 
 M. Rayappan 
 
 C. Samuel 
 
 M. Devasagayam 
 N. Savarimutthu 
 
 1859. 
 
 S. Savarimutthu 
 M. Abrabam 
 P. Amirtham 
 V. David 
 V. Devapiriam 
 
 D. Isaac 
 C. Jacob 
 M, Moses 
 
 A. Pakiam 
 
 Y. Santbiagu 
 
 V. Vethamanikam 
 
 Perinbam 
 
 C. Appavu 
 
 S. Simoa 
 
 C. Solomon 
 
 S. Visuvasam 
 
 A. Gnanasiromani 
 
 I. Mariasusai 
 
 A. Samuel 
 
 P, Gnanatbiraviam 
 
 1860. 
 
 V. Visuvasam 
 
 M. Abraham 
 
 Y. Abraham 
 
 G. Satthianathan 
 
 A. Francis 
 
 D. Thiruchelvam 
 
 A. Samuel 
 
 V. Elkanah 
 
 C. Pakianathan 
 
 P. Isaac 
 
 M. Innasimutthu 
 
 Y. David 
 
 S. Asirvatham 
 
 S. Vethamutthu 
 
 S. Gabriel 
 
 A. David 
 
 G. Vethanayagam 
 
 P. Shadrach 
 
 N. Samuel
 
 101 
 
 K. Antony 
 
 M. Savarimutthu 
 
 Y. Arulappan 
 
 A. Arumainayagam 
 
 M. Abraham 
 
 G. Chinnappan 
 
 1862. 
 
 P. Abraham 
 S. Perianayagam 
 M. Manuel 
 S. G. Thangam 
 P. Israel 
 L John 
 S. Jesudasan 
 S. Joshua 
 V. Gnanamutthu 
 S. Malayappan 
 S. Nallathambi 
 A. Nallathambi 
 D. Pakiam 
 S. Pakianathan 
 S. Belavendram 
 M. Peter 
 Y. Sebastian 
 S. Thiraviam 
 G. Vethamanikkam 
 M. Vethanayagam 
 M. Appavu 
 A. Arulappan 
 Lazarus 
 A. Arokiam 
 N. Simon 
 
 I. Jacob 
 S. John 
 Y. Tesadiau 
 S. Manuel 
 S. Paranjothi 
 Y. Sebastian 
 P. Savarimutthu 
 I. Vethamanikam 
 V. Yagappan 
 V. Perumal 
 A. Manuel 
 
 1863. 
 
 L. Alasu 
 
 M. Abraham 
 
 A. Isaac 
 
 George Rowland 
 
 Jas. Rowland 
 
 S. Jesudasan 
 
 S. Raju 
 
 Y. Samuel 
 
 M. Solomon 
 
 S. Simon 
 
 S. Sundaram 
 
 J. Gnanaprakasam, 1st. 
 
 J. Gnanaprakasam, 2nd. 
 
 E. Gnanaprakasam 
 
 V. Pichaimutthu 
 
 M. Vetham 
 
 C. Joseph 
 
 Chinnappan 
 
 I. Yesadian 
 
 T. Satthianathan
 
 102 
 
 S. Vellayan 
 K. Sarkunan 
 K. Gnanamutthu 
 A. Simon 
 
 1865. 
 
 Y. Sebastian 
 
 M. Rajenthiram 
 
 A. Joseph 
 
 M. Pakianathan 
 
 D. Savarimutthu 
 
 S. Masillamani 
 
 Y. Timothy 
 
 P. David 
 
 S, Chinnathambi 
 
 R. David 
 
 S. Jacob 
 
 V. Gnanathiraviam 
 
 C. Asirvatham 
 
 G. Rayappan 
 
 Z. Thangamutthu 
 
 V. Pakianathan 
 
 V. Murugandi, Paul 
 
 R. Arokianathan 
 
 P. Moses 
 
 S. Vetham 
 
 V. Abraham 
 
 C. Nathaniel 
 
 R. Manuel 
 
 A. Dairiam 
 
 A. Daniel 
 
 S. Samuel 
 
 A. Arulappan 
 
 S. Savarimutthu 
 
 1867. 
 
 A. Abner 
 P. Rayappan 
 A. Isaac 
 
 C. Yesadian 
 
 J. Savarinayagam 
 R. Savarimutthu 
 Samuel 
 
 D. Solomon 
 J. Shadrach 
 P. Chinniah 
 
 M. Devaeagayam 
 N. Pakiam 
 A. Francis 
 
 C. Pichaimutthu 
 S. Jacob 
 
 Y. Joseph 
 
 S. Vethamanikam 
 
 N. Vethanayagam 
 
 M, Abel 
 
 P. Solomon 
 
 D. Vethanayagam 
 D. Daniel 
 
 I. Perumal 
 A. Samithasan 
 V. Gnanamutthu 
 G. Vethamanikam 
 S. David 
 M. Yesadian 
 Devasirvatham 
 Santhiagu 
 Vethamutthu 
 Thomas Eowland
 
 103 
 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 
 
 NAMES o? STUDENTS. 
 
 1870. 
 
 R. Santhiappan 
 
 M. Thomas 
 
 R. Antony 
 
 M. Peter 
 
 S. MathuranayBgam 
 
 S. Than gam 
 
 Y. Abraham 
 
 S. Gabriel 
 
 S. Nallathambi 
 
 M. Vetham 
 
 A. Pichaimutthu 
 
 W. A. Buckingham 
 
 M. Isaac 
 
 Vetham 
 
 A. Dairiam 
 
 Arokianathan 
 
 P. Gnanathiraviam 
 
 N. Simon 
 
 P. Shadrach 
 
 S. Mutthusami 
 
 Tharmakannu 
 
 A. David 
 
 Y. Arulanantham 
 
 Deivanayagam 
 
 S. Isaac 
 A. Zacheus 
 
 1871. 
 
 1872. 
 
 D. Gnanathikkam 
 A Jivaretthinam 
 J. Sebastian 
 Vethamutthu 
 S. Barnabas 
 r. Solomon 
 A. Cornelius 
 M. Michael 
 A. Pakkiam 
 N. Pakkiam 
 P. Daniel 
 
 1873. 
 
 I. Gnanamutthu 
 S. Belavendram 
 P. Isaac 
 M, Ycsadian 
 
 1875. 
 
 Samuel Taylor 
 
 S. Simon 
 
 E. Gnanaprakasam 
 
 Y. Yagappan 
 
 P. Israel 
 
 M. Abraham 
 
 M. Solomon 
 
 M. Devasagayam 
 
 I. John
 
 104 
 
 1877. 
 A. Joseph 
 
 1878. 
 
 A. Perumal 
 
 J. Gnaoaprakasam 
 
 S. Jacob 
 
 M. Peter 
 
 R. Arulanthu 
 
 C. Mutthian 
 M. Abraham 
 A. Isaac 
 
 S. Isaac 
 Paul Cross 
 M. Samuel 
 R. Chiuuappan 
 
 1880. 
 
 V. Solomon. 
 V. Antonimutthu 
 A. Arumainayagam 
 A. Pichaimutthu 
 
 D. Anbullanathan 
 Y. Lazarus 
 
 1881. 
 
 Daniel Colton 
 S. Paranjothy 
 R. 8. Ignatius 
 
 1882. 
 G. Yesadian 
 
 A. Paul 
 
 J. Shadrach 
 
 S. Isaac 
 
 L. Arivanantham 
 
 G. Joseph 
 
 J. Kennett 
 
 P. Vethamanikam 
 
 G. Samuel 
 
 A. Amirtham 
 
 V. David 
 
 V. S. Edward 
 
 G. Mamuel 
 
 1884. 
 
 S. Vethanayixgam 
 V. Masillamani 
 A. Gnanamutthu 
 S. Pakianathan 
 D. Yesuthasan 
 Aaron Moses 
 
 1886. 
 
 M. Daniel 
 A. David 
 S. Vethanayagam 
 S. Puthumai 
 A. Nallasami 
 M. Andrew 
 A. Luke 
 H. Appavu 
 
 1887. 
 S. Joseph 
 K. John 
 P. Aairvatham
 
 105 
 
 1888. 
 
 S. Samuel 
 
 P. Vethanayagam 
 
 S. Thomas 
 
 V. Thevathasaii 
 
 W. Samuel 
 
 R. S. Gnanamutthu 
 
 1889. 
 
 V. Santhiagu 
 
 A. Asirvatham 
 P. Thomas 
 
 R. Devapiriam 
 
 B. James 
 
 A. Mathalaimutthu 
 A. Stephen 
 James Rowland 
 P. D. Jesudasan 
 A. James 
 N. Nagalingam 
 
 1890. 
 
 K. Samithasan 
 V. Paul 
 
 S. Savarimutthu 
 J. Gnanasigamani 
 
 1891. 
 
 R. Michael 
 
 P. Daniel 
 
 V, Guanamutthu 
 
 S. Chinnasami 
 
 R. Gnanaprakasam 
 
 R. Isaac 
 
 1892. 
 
 P. Daniel 
 
 N. Nagalingam 
 
 S. Chinnasami 
 
 V. Gnanamutthu 
 
 R. Devasagayam 
 
 A. Pakianathan 
 
 G. Samuel 
 
 S. Mutthiaii 
 
 V. Israel 
 
 V. Peter 
 
 Y. Vethanayagam 
 
 V. Arokiam 
 
 M. Nallathambi 
 
 Jesuthasan 
 
 I. Santhappan 
 
 P. Joseph 
 
 P. Asirvatham 
 
 D. Joseph 
 
 V. Visuvasam 
 P. Manuel 
 
 E. V. Nallathambi 
 Y. Samuel 
 
 1893. 
 
 T. S. Thirithuvathasan 
 E. V. Masillamani 
 G. Manuel 
 
 14
 
 K. Paul 
 Y. Samiadian 
 K. Vethanayagam 
 J. C. Cleveland 
 M. 8. Devasigamani 
 
 1894. 
 
 S. Multhusami 
 V. John 
 P. Sundaram 
 G. Gnanamntthu 
 D, Savarimuttha 
 C. D. Samuel 
 A. Manikam 
 Chinniah Barnes 
 
 106 
 
 1895. 
 
 A. Stephen 
 N. C. Solomon 
 S. Paranjothi 
 J. A. Thomas 
 A. Savariappan 
 I. Nallathambi 
 Y. Jacob 
 
 N. Gnanasigamani 
 C. Vethamanikam 
 A. Vethamutthu 
 P. Jesuthasan 
 A, Samuel
 
 List of Pasumalai Students 
 
 who passed the First in Arts Examination 
 
 and other Examinations. 
 
 FIRST IN ARTS. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Daniel Colton 
 
 M. Strinivasa Aiyangar 
 
 1884. 
 
 N. Guru Rau 
 R. Sanaa Rau 
 
 1885. 
 
 A. K. Pichu Aiyar 
 
 S. Kalianasundram Aij'ar 
 
 M. Veukata Rau 
 
 D. Navamani 
 
 1886. 
 
 R. Duraisami Aiyar 
 S. Lachmana Aiyar 
 S. Sangara Aiyar 
 S. Venkatacbalam Aiyar 
 
 1887. 
 
 Peter Isaac 
 Yesadian David 
 
 T. S. Ramasubbu 
 P. Ramasami 
 S. Rarnasami 
 M. R. Strinivasan 
 M. K. Strinivasan 
 S. Subramanian 
 
 .1888. 
 
 Jobn Samuel 
 J. Ariakutti 
 
 D. Draviam 
 L. William 
 S. Samuel 
 V. Santhiagu 
 
 A. R. Govinda Aiyar 
 
 E. R. Krishna Aiyangar 
 
 C. Minakshisundram Aiyar 
 N. Ramanatha Aiyar 
 S. Sankaranarayana Aiyar 
 P. R. Subramania Aiyar 
 S. Venkatarama Aiyar 
 
 1889. 
 
 S. Gnanaprakasam 
 
 T. V. Chellappasastri 
 
 G. Krislitnasami Aiyangar
 
 108 
 
 S. Krishtnasami Aiyangar 
 C. S. Patmanaban 
 S. Subramanian 
 S. Sundram Aiyar 
 
 1890. 
 
 John Arulappan 
 
 Samuel Pirakasana 
 
 1\. Michael 
 
 S. Mahadeva Aiyar, I. Class 
 
 S. Lnkshmanan 
 
 R. Narayana Aiyangar 
 
 P. Ramasami Aiyar 
 
 N. Subramania Aiyar 
 
 1891. 
 
 S. Pichaimutthu 
 
 G. Sankaranarayanan 
 
 K. Somasundram 
 
 T. A. Subbavenkataraman 
 
 M. Sundaresan 
 
 P. M. Visvanathan 
 
 1892. 
 
 G. D. Manikarn I. 
 V. Gangatharaa I. 
 Paul Devadasan. 
 S. Gnanaprakasam 
 G. Raiaram 
 R. William 
 
 1893. 
 
 P. Ranganatham 
 P. Rarnakrishnan I. 
 G. Subbaraman 
 A. Pakianathan 
 T. N. Sundararajan 
 
 1894. 
 
 Devavaram David 
 M. Asirvatham 
 C. V. Nagasundarain 
 A. R. Narayanan 
 S. Ramachaudran 
 P. V. Subramauiau
 
 109 
 
 List of Pasumalai Students 
 who passed Matriculation Examination. 
 
 1879, 
 
 Devapriam Clarke 
 V. Solomon 
 Samuel Barnes 
 V. Anthonimutthu 
 A. Samuel 
 N. Samiadian 
 
 1880. 
 
 C. Ganapathi I. Class 
 S. Paranjothi 
 Daniel Colton 
 R. S. Ignatius 
 Minatchisundaratn 
 Somasundaram 
 
 1881. 
 
 A. Arumainayagam 
 James Rajanayagam 
 G. Venkatesvaran 
 V. Sundaram 
 Y. Yesadian 
 
 1882. 
 
 Chinniah Eames 
 Y. Guana prakasam 
 
 A. M. Jegathees varan 
 C. Subramaniam 
 C. Narayanasami 
 V. Samuel 
 V. Subramanian 
 R. Sundararajan 
 M. S. Subbiah 
 
 1883. 
 
 Y. Gnanamutthu 
 
 M. Paul Samuel 
 
 V. P. Sundaram 
 
 R. Ananthanarayanan 
 
 Mohidin Ali 
 
 C. S. Ramasami 
 
 S. Daniel 
 
 P. Samuel 
 
 S. Thirithuvathasan 
 
 M. Gnanasigamani 
 
 Diraviam Solomon 
 
 1884. 
 
 A. Pakianathan 
 V. Joseph 
 
 P. C. Ganapathi 
 
 B. David 
 
 V. P. Vittal Row
 
 110 
 
 1885. 
 
 K. S ul>ra muni an 
 S. Ramasami 
 
 F. Isaac 
 
 P. D. Jesudasan 
 
 G. Jesudasan 
 
 A. V. Samuel 
 N. Sundaram 
 
 1886. 
 
 Devavaram David I. Class 
 
 V. Santhiagu I. 
 
 S. Venkataraman I. 
 
 K. Gnanamutthu I. 
 
 D. Susai I. 
 
 S. Narayanasami I. 
 
 V. Ramanathan I. 
 
 Abel David 
 
 J. Ariakutti 
 
 M. Abraham 
 
 C. Asirvatham 
 
 M. Daniel 
 
 S. Gnanaprakasam 
 
 K. John 
 
 S. Joseph 
 
 L. William 
 
 C. Minatchisuudaram 
 
 M. V. Mutthusami 
 
 G. Mathuram 
 
 B. Narayanan 
 N. Ramamurthi 
 A. Samuel 
 
 S. Samuel 
 
 D. Srinivasagam 
 
 B. S triii ivasa Row 
 K. Vaithianathan 
 D. Wilson 
 
 1887. 
 
 V. Joseph 
 S. Santhappan 
 V. Santhappan 
 John Arulappan 
 P. Daniel 
 David Irulappan 
 G. Joseph 
 
 C. Samuel 
 V. Shadrach 
 
 P. Velhanayagam 
 V. Solomon 
 S. Krishnasami 
 M. Knmarusami 
 K, Mutthusami 
 R. Ramasami 
 R. Rengasamt 
 S. Subramanian 
 
 1888. 
 
 G. David Fenn 
 S. Gnanasiromani 
 J. Mathuranayagam 
 A. Gnanasiromani 
 G. Manikam 
 N. Samuel
 
 Ill 
 
 R. Michael 
 P. Devapiriam 
 L. Vaigundam 
 S. Mahadevan I. 
 
 1889. 
 
 G. Sankaranarayanan 
 S. Arulanantham 
 Paul Devadasan 
 G. Rajaram 
 S. Pichaimutthu 
 J. Samithasan 
 S. Thomas 
 C. Velayutham 
 
 1890. 
 
 R. William 
 
 S. Gnanaprakasam 
 
 R. C. Thomas 
 
 Kanthiah 
 
 1891. 
 V. M. Vryagesan 
 
 Aiyanadan Pakiauathau 
 
 M. Asirvatham 
 
 M. Jesudasaa 
 
 G. David 
 
 S. David 
 
 John Arulappan 
 
 P. John 
 
 G. Samuel 
 
 H, Yesadian 
 
 Y. Rayappau 
 
 1892. 
 
 A. D. Kanagaratthinam 
 S. Narasimman 
 
 J. Thiagaraj 
 
 1893. 
 M. Devadasan 
 
 1894. 
 
 V. Ponniah 
 
 B. V. A. Venkatesvaran 
 8. Shanmugakumaru
 
 112 
 
 List of Normal Students trained 
 
 in the A. M. Training Institution, Pasumalai, 
 
 who have passed one or both of the 
 
 Educational Tests. 
 
 UPPKB SECONDARY. 
 
 LOWER SECONDARY. 
 
 PRIMARY. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1887. 
 
 1887. 
 
 D. Susai 
 8. Samuel 
 A. Samuel 
 
 D. Devasirvatham 
 S. Savarimutthu 
 D. Samuel 
 I. Savarimutthn 
 
 V. Vethamanikam 
 P. Joseph 
 C. D. Samuel 
 
 1888. 
 
 1888. 
 
 1888. 
 
 A. Pakianathan 
 M. Daniel 
 K. John 
 C. Samuel 
 V. Santhappan 
 V. Joseph 
 M, Abraham 
 
 N. Samuel 
 P. John 
 S. Vethanayagam 
 D. Antony 
 
 K. Yethanayagam 
 A. Stephen 
 V. Dairiam 
 S. Manikam 
 S. Savarimutthn 
 J. Devasagayam 
 M. Devapriam 
 
 1889. 
 
 1889. 
 
 1889. 
 
 V. Bamanathan 
 S. Samuel 
 G. David Fenn 
 P. Yethanayagam 
 G. Manikam 
 
 S. Paranjothi 
 Y. Manikam 
 V. John 
 C. Selvanayagam 
 Y. Devasirvatham 
 S. Jivanantham 
 D. Devasagayam d. 
 G. Abraham 
 
 G. Manikam 
 W. Jivanantham 
 N. Samuel 
 
 1890. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1890. 
 
 K. Sundaram 
 S. Santhappan 
 
 G. Devasirvatham 
 V. Vethagiri 
 
 Y. Samiadian 
 S. Mutthian
 
 118 
 
 UpPEm SECOXDA&T. 
 
 LOWES SECOXDA&T. 
 
 PBIMARY. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1890. 
 
 1890. 
 
 Paul Devadasan 
 
 D. Daniel 
 
 J. Asirvatham 
 
 C. B. Srinivasan 
 
 D. B. Doraisami 
 
 Y. Yet hanayagam 
 
 P. C. Ganapathi 
 
 A. Savarimuttha 
 
 IT. Gnanamanikam 
 
 S. Narayanasami 
 
 D. Joseph 
 
 S. Abraham 
 
 S. M. Saminathan 
 
 
 
 A. Ganapathi 
 
 
 
 189192. 
 
 189192. 
 
 189192. 
 
 W. H. Sampuranam 
 
 P. Thomas 
 
 P. David 
 
 M. S. Kamasubbu 
 
 M. Tharmanathan 
 
 A. Savariappan 
 
 M. Y. Mntthnsami 
 
 P. Yesadian 
 
 M. Asirvatham 
 
 S. Yenkusami 
 
 P. Xallajepam 
 
 B. James 
 
 K. Israel 
 
 G. Bamasubbu 
 
 P. Devasigamani 
 
 S. Bamiah 
 
 B. Bamalingam 
 
 S. Samuel 
 
 C. N. Govindasami 
 
 
 S. Gnaniah 
 
 M. Abraham 
 
 
 Y. Yethamanikam 
 
 P. K. Saminathan 
 
 
 
 S Yethamanikam 
 
 
 
 1892. 
 
 189293. 
 
 189293. 
 
 P. P. Eggiam 
 
 Paul Daniel 
 
 M. Meivaopan 
 
 K. Mutthosami 
 
 I. Savarimuttha 
 
 Y. Daniel" 
 
 P. M. Bamasami d. 
 
 A. Abraham 
 
 A. Samuel 
 
 M. N. Seshan 
 
 G. Devavaram 
 
 V. Srinivasagani 
 
 M. K. Subramanian 
 
 H. Kanagasabapathi 
 
 J. Jesudasan 
 
 S. Yenkatasubban 
 
 J. A. Thomas 
 
 B. Isaac 
 
 B. Yenkataraman 
 
 A. Snbbusami 
 
 S. Asirvatham 
 
 S. Thirumalai Aivan- 
 
 X. Yenkatasubbu 
 
 S. Yenkatacliari 
 
 gar 
 
 
 D. William 
 
 P. Bagavendra Bow 
 
 
 
 A. Samuel 
 
 
 
 Moses Samuel 
 
 
 
 G. David 
 
 
 
 15
 
 114 
 
 UPPER SECONDARY. 
 
 LOWER SECONDARY. 
 
 PRIMARY. 
 
 1893. 
 
 189394. 
 
 189394. 
 
 M. Dairiam 
 G. Siluvaimutthu 
 
 R. Sankaranaraya- 
 nan 
 
 S. Koilpillai 
 S. Somasundaranr 
 
 Joseph Michael 
 Henry Vaiguntam 
 N. Ramalingam 
 S. Selvanayagam 
 M. Jesuthasan 
 R. C. Thomas 
 
 V. Daniel 
 M. R. Kuppuaami 
 S. Subbarayan 
 S. Rathnasami 
 A. Masillamani 
 David Samuel 
 Stephen Ponniah 
 
 M. Arokiam 
 K. Solomon 
 T. Joseph 
 C. Mathias 
 R. Santhiagu 
 P. Gnanakan 
 J. Mathuram 
 P. Pakianathan 
 
 1894. 
 
 189495. 
 
 189495. 
 
 P. Athinarayanan 
 S. L. Venkataraman 
 A. K. Ramasanii 
 
 S. David Navamani 
 George S. Chelliah 
 E. V. Nallathambi 
 
 P. Manuel 
 M. Devasirvatham 
 S. Jacob 
 
 P. Subramanian 
 C. Rengasami 
 A, Appathurai 
 
 Samuel Dorairaj 
 V. David 
 C. K. Venkatasubban 
 P. Ramanathan 
 
 A. Gnanasigamani 
 B. Rajamutthu 
 Y. Nallathambi 
 K. Zachariah 
 
 
 P. Lazarus 
 
 P. Gnanathikam 
 
 
 A. S. Doraisami 
 
 J. Visuvasam 
 
 
 I. Devanesam 
 
 P. Asirvatham 
 
 
 
 G. Gnanamutthu 
 
 
 
 S. V. Subramania 
 
 
 
 Sastri
 
 115 
 
 List of Pasumalai Students 
 
 who passed the late Middle School or 
 
 the present Lower Secondary Examination. 
 
 1880. 
 
 C. Subramanian 
 V. Ramanathan 
 S. Ananthapathuaanaban 
 
 1881. 
 
 M. Paul Samuel I. Class. 
 Y. Gnanamutthu 
 A. Matbalairauttbu 
 
 1882. 
 
 V. K. Ragavan 
 P. P. Eggiam 
 V. S. Ramasaml 
 A. Pakianathan 
 Stephen Simon 
 Joshua Solomon 
 Pichaimutthu Thomas 
 Daniel Manuel I. 
 Jacob Yesadian 
 David Vethamutthu 
 Asirvatham Suviseshana- 
 
 than I. 
 
 Pakianathan Joseph I. 
 Mathuren thiram 
 Vethamutthu Samuel 
 
 Devanesam Santhappan 
 Devasagayam Rayappan. 
 
 1882. 
 
 R. Narayanan 
 
 V. Santhappan 
 
 S. Joseph I. Class. 
 
 V. Arivauantham 
 
 S. Chiunappan 
 
 J. David 
 
 R. Jesudasan 
 
 P. Asirvatham 
 
 1884. 
 
 Jacob Appavu 
 Devasagayam Dairiam 
 Abraham Masillamani 
 Joseph Abraham 
 Santhappan Savarimutthu 
 John Kothalan 
 Manuel Vetham 
 David Irulappan 
 Joseph Visuvasam 
 Paranjothi Samithaean 
 J. Mathuranayagam 
 S. Vethanayagam 
 S. Venkataramaa
 
 116 
 
 Devavaram David I. Class. 
 G. Savarimutthu I. 
 Samuel Sonaimutthu I. 
 Santhiagu Vetham I. 
 John Pichaimutthu I. 
 William Lamoch I. 
 II. Gnanamutthu I. 
 Susai Devasaga)-arn I. 
 C. Patbmanaban I. 
 Devapiriam Rayappan 
 K. Manuel 
 Ephraim Abraham 
 David Fenn 
 
 1885. 
 
 S. Krishnan 
 V. Shadrach 
 G. Joseph 
 P. Daniel 
 John Arulappan 
 G. Manikam 
 John Hensman 
 Y. Manikam 
 N. Samuel 
 V. Yethagiri 
 P. Vethanayagam 
 N. Gnanasigamani 
 M. Ramasami 
 V. Gnanasiromani 
 A. Gnanasiromani 
 E. V. Masillamani 
 C. Samuel 
 Z. NYilliam 
 
 S. Jivanantham 
 V. M. Joseph 
 
 1886. 
 
 S. Mahadevan 
 
 R. Ramalingam 
 
 P. Samuel 
 
 D. Samuel 
 
 P. Devapiriam 
 
 M. Devanayagam 
 
 S. Gnanasigamani 
 
 R. Michael 
 
 P. Yesadian 
 
 S Melchizedec 
 
 D. Devasirvatham 
 
 S. Savarimutthu 
 
 S. Thomas 
 
 P. Jacob 
 
 D. Daniel 
 
 M. S. Alagiasundaram 
 
 S. Rahmathulla 
 
 R. Rengasami 
 
 1887. 
 
 V. Kalianasundaram 
 S. Duraisami 
 Y. Samiadian 
 S. Arnlanandam 
 Paul Devadasan 
 G. Samuel 
 A. Masillamani 
 S. Yesadian
 
 117 
 
 C. Thomas 
 
 G. Gnanasnndaram 
 
 S. Gnanamanikam 
 
 B. Belavcndram 
 V. Daniel 
 
 A. Fakianathan 
 G. Dairianathan 
 
 1888. 
 
 M. Jesudasan 
 A. Ponnusami 
 
 C. Selvanayagam 
 V. Israel 
 
 S. Mutthian 
 
 A. Jivananlham 
 
 S. V. Ponniah 
 
 R. William 
 
 V. John 
 
 Y. Devasirvatbam 
 
 J. Asirvalham 
 
 G. Selvanayagam 
 
 S. Devanayagam 
 
 Y. Rayappan 
 
 S. David 
 
 G. David 
 
 C. Cleavelnnd 
 
 M. Darmanathnn 
 
 P. John Devasigamani 
 
 C. S. Narayanasami 
 
 S. Sankaran 
 
 G. Ramasubbu 
 
 December 1889. 
 M. Subramanian 
 
 V. Viagesan 
 
 Thamothiram 
 
 S. Somasundaram 
 
 Y. Daniel 
 
 J. Joseph 
 
 G. Thangam 
 
 M. Asirvatham 
 
 G. Devasirvatbam 
 
 G. P. Mutthusami 
 
 R. David 
 
 E. V. Nallathambi 
 
 P. 1. Samithasan 
 
 T. Antony 
 
 J. Devasagayam 
 
 May 1890. 
 
 C. S. Gnanayutham 
 S. Davamani 
 
 D. Vethanayagam 
 S. Poncusami 
 
 C. D. Samuel 
 
 A. Savarimutthu 
 
 A. Edward 
 
 M. Savarimuttbu 
 
 D. Joseph 
 P. Dnraisami 
 R. Thomas 
 
 A. Gurabatham 
 J. S. Jusuthasan 
 M. Narayanasami 
 
 December 1890. 
 Durairaj James I. Class.
 
 A. David 
 
 M. Asirvatham 
 
 A. Abraham 
 
 S. Suudaram 
 
 J. Appavu 
 
 P. David 
 
 M. Samathanam 
 
 R. A. Jesudasan 
 
 A. Savariappan 
 
 S. Thayanautham 
 
 V. Arunasalam 
 
 1891. 
 
 T. Karunai 
 
 S. Subbiah 
 
 P. Thangamutthu 
 
 S. Antbonimutihu 
 
 G. Joseph 
 
 S. Thasan 
 
 G. Yesadian 
 
 M. Lazarus 
 
 F. Samuel 
 A. Zachariah 
 
 G. Chelliah 
 
 189293. 
 
 C. Mathavadian 
 T. Horace 
 M. Antony 
 G. Siromani 
 C. Purushothman 
 S. Rajanayagam 
 P, Asirvatham 
 
 December 1893. 
 P. K. Samuel 
 P. Lazarus 
 R. Daniel 
 M. Sarkunara 
 R. Solomon 
 David Perumal 
 R. S. Samuel 
 
 C. Durairaj 
 
 S. Thambusami 
 S. Thambithurai 
 S. Ponniah 
 I, Manikavasagam 
 
 A. S. Duraisami 
 
 D. Manikam 
 
 B. Ponniah 
 I. Devanesam 
 
 A. Devasagayam 
 
 N. Thomas 
 
 R. Savarimutthu 
 
 December 1894. 
 S. Narayanasami 
 P. S. Samuel 
 
 C. Samuel 
 
 S. Vethamutthu 
 
 A. Israel 
 
 D. Samuel 
 D. David 
 John Duraisami 
 
 B. James 
 
 C. Manuel 
 Y. Koilpillai 
 N. Devathasan 
 J. Devasagayam
 
 APPENDIX V. 
 
 f asumalai butati0nal 
 
 Sept. 4, 1&42. Seminary opened at Tirumangalam with 
 34 students from Dindigul, Tiruman- 
 galam and Tirupuvanam. 
 
 Dec. 1843. Pupils reduced by various causes to 25. 
 Five united with the Church. 
 
 Apr. 1844. Erection of buildings for the Seminary 
 sanctioned by the Board and an 
 appropriation of funds made. 
 
 July 1814. Plans for the Seminary made and ap- 
 proved. 
 
 Mar. 1, 1845. First class of 6 students finished their 
 course in the Seminary and leave. 
 
 Sept. 1, 1845. Seminary removed to Pasumalai. 
 Dec. 1845. Pupils numbered 54. 
 
 Jan. 1846. A. North, Esq., Professor in the Semi- 
 nary from 1846 to Jan. 1847. 
 
 Jan. 1816. Mr. Tracy digging up cists in his com- 
 pound led to a report that 13 victims 
 had been sacrificed to obtain buried 
 treasure, causing cessation of travel 
 and the interference of the Collector. 
 
 Apr. 11, 1846. The Madura Mission authorized to 
 hold land by the Madras government. 
 
 1846. Pasumalai Hill granted by government.
 
 120 
 
 1846. Five teachers' houses and 2 Hues of 
 prayer rooms erected. 
 
 1846. Establishment of the Provident Society. 
 Sept. 1, 1846. Pasumalai Church formed. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1847. The visit of Collector Blackburn and 
 the Tondaiman Rajah. A gift of 
 Rs. 200 was received from Mr. 
 Blackburn and Rs. 200 from the 
 Rajah. 
 
 1847. The Mission declines the government 
 
 offer of aid and patronage. 
 
 1847. The east bungalow began early in 1846 
 
 was completed in 1847. 
 Mar. 1, 1847. The second class left the Seminary. 
 
 11 students. 
 
 June 1847. The number of pupils was 49. 
 Oct. 1847. The Pasumalai church begun in 1846 
 
 was first used for worship. 
 Oct. 7, 1847. Caste troubles in Seminary. 
 
 1848. Great reduction in funds provided by 
 
 the Board for education. 
 Oct. 2, 1848. The third class left the Seminary. 3 
 
 students. 
 
 Dec. 1848. The number of pupils was 27. 
 l Xr A ( ^ rev i va l occurred in the school which 
 is!iQ < nearly all the pupils professed con- 
 
 *' ( version. 
 Dec. 1849. The number of pupils was 29 of whom 
 
 20 were communicants. 
 
 1850. Students in the Seminary restricted to 
 members of the congregations.
 
 121 
 
 Feb. 28, 1850. The fourth class left the Seminary 4 
 students. 
 
 Nov. 1850. Mr. Tracy took a furlough to America 
 
 and handed over charge to Mr. Her- 
 
 rick. 
 1851. The amount of English reduced and 
 
 the course of study shortened for a 
 
 portion of the students. Five left 
 
 on this account. 
 July 1852. Transfer to Pasumalai of preparandi 
 
 classes begun at stations 12 or 15 
 
 years before. 
 Mar. 1853. The fifth class left the Seminary 4 
 
 students. 
 
 Oct. 1853. Native Evangelical Society formed. 
 
 Nov. 1853. Mr. S. Winfred, first teacher released 
 to become an evangelist in Mallan- 
 kinaru. 
 
 Dec. 1853. Number of pupils was 44. 
 
 1854. The Tamil Quarterly Repository for 
 Native helpers and Christians start- 
 ed subscribers 400. 
 
 1854. Mutual Improvement Society formed. 
 
 1854. Mr. Tracy returned and took charge 
 from Mr. Herrick. 
 
 July 19, 1854. Educational despatch of the Court of 
 Directors. 
 
 Oct. 1854. The sixth class left the Seminary 4 
 students ; also a class of 1 4 prepa- 
 randi left. 
 
 16
 
 122" 
 
 Feb. 1855. Visit of Deputation, Drs. Anderson 
 and Thompson, in which important 
 educational changes were determined 
 upon. 
 
 Feb. 1 855. School grants-in-aid from government to 
 be refused and application withdrawn. 
 
 Aug. 1855. First grant-in-aid code issued by gov- 
 ernment ; found unworkable. 
 
 Oct. 1855. Madura English School closed after 20 
 years, having had more than 1,900 
 pupils. 
 
 Jan. 1856. A class of 16 received to study wholly 
 in Tamil ; subsequently a class for 
 the regular course was received from 
 the boarding schools. 
 
 Mar. 1856. The seventh class left the Seminary 
 6 students. 
 
 1857. The last of the four feeder boarding 
 
 schools was abolished. 
 Mar. 1857. The eighth class left the Seminary 
 
 o students. 
 June 2, 1857. The Madura Zillah School opened 
 
 Raised to a 2nd grade college April 
 
 1880. 
 Sept. 5y 1857. Madras University incorporated first 
 
 Matriculation Examination. 
 
 1858. A new grant-iii-aid code was issued. 
 1858. Six Taluq schools opened by govern- 
 ment. 
 
 1858. Mr. Tracy engaged from 1858 till 1866 
 in revising the translation of the 
 Tamil Bible.
 
 123 
 
 Mar. 1858. The ninth class left the Seminary 6 
 students, 
 
 1859. Dr. Chester gave a course of lectures 
 on Practical Chemistry. 
 
 1859. A Primary day school opened with 24 
 
 scholars, supported subsequently by 
 a society in the Seminary. 
 
 1860. Mr. Barnes was engaged in bringing 
 
 out Hopkins' Theology, and in Bible 
 versions with Mr. Tracy. 
 
 Mar. 1860. The tenth class left the Seminary 9 
 students. 
 
 Mar. 1860. The Semmary finally reduced to a ver- 
 nacular basis. 
 
 Feb. & Mar. ) There was a powerful revival in the 
 1861.J" Seminary. 
 
 Mar. 1 862. The eleventh class left the Seminary 
 8 students. 
 
 1863. Hindu children who were debarred in 
 1855 from attending village schools 
 again freely admitted. 
 
 May 1863. Mr. Col ton prepai-es tracts and history 
 of Madura. 
 
 Sept. 1863. English was introduced into the upper 
 classes of the Seminary as a classic. 
 
 Sept. 1863. The twelfth class leaves the Seminary 
 4 students, 
 
 Oct. 1864. The Madura Widows' Aid Society was 
 started.
 
 124 
 
 1865. Mr. Graut Asirvatham collected in 
 Kombaconam Rs. 100 and sent to 
 the Seminary, the funds of which 
 were insufficient owing to famine. 
 
 1865. A more liberal grant-in-aid code was 
 framed and issued. 
 
 Sept. 1865. The thirteenth class leaves the Semi- 
 nary 6 students. 
 
 July 1866. Boarding schools were established to 
 work for village congregations and 
 not in connection with the Seminary. 
 
 May 1 867. Dr. Tracy took a furlough to America 
 and handed over charge to Mr. Her- 
 rick. 
 
 Sept. 1867. The fourteenth class left the Seminary 
 13 students. 
 
 1868. A fee of 8 annas was required of each 
 student continued for 2 years. 
 
 1868. A district was added to Pasumalai Sta- 
 tion. 
 
 Feb. 1868. Mr. A. G. Rowland was ordained and 
 installed over the West Gate Church, 
 Madura. 
 April 1869. The fifteenth class left the Seminary 
 
 9 students. 
 
 Jan. 13, 1870. At a mission meeting at Battalagundu 
 a reconstruction of the Seminary was 
 determined on, and Mr. Washburn 
 was put in charge. 
 
 The mission allows its missionaries to 
 take result grants if they please.
 
 125 
 
 April 1 870. The old Seminary was disbanded 38 
 students. 
 
 May 20, 1870. At a Mission meeting at Kodaikanal 
 the action of the January meeting 
 was confirmed and Mr. Washburn 
 took charge June 19th. 
 
 June 17, 1870. The Female Seminary under Miss 
 Smith was removed to Pasumalai 
 where it remained till Aug. 1872. 
 
 June 17, 1870. A class of 24 was received in the 
 Theological Seminary. 
 
 Aug. 1, 1870. The "Sathiavarthamam" News paper 
 was established at Pasumalai. 
 
 Jan. 23, 1871. A Mason and Hamilton organ was 
 given by the makers for use in the 
 Seminary. 
 
 1871. Mr. Capron contributed money to erect 
 a catechist's house at Pasumalai. It 
 was burned down in 1 890 and rebuilt 
 substantially as a catechist's house 
 for 2 families. 
 
 1871. Dr. Palmer delivered a course of lec- 
 tures on Hygiene to the theological 
 students. 
 
 July 1, 1871. A medical dispensary was established 
 at Pasumalai. 
 
 Aug. 19, 1871. Rev. T. B. Penfield died at Pasumalai, 
 of fever. 
 
 Oct. 1871. Mr. M. Eames was ordained and install- 
 ed over the church of West Karisak- 
 kulam.
 
 126 
 
 Oct. 1871. A wooden Printing Press was tempo- 
 rarily set up at Pasumalai. 
 
 Nov. 30, 1871. Mr. A. Barnes was ordained and in- 
 stalled over the Pasumalai Church. 
 March 1872. A Hoe's printing press arrived from 
 America and was substituted for the 
 wooden press. 
 
 April 1872. The first class of 1 2 catechists under 
 the new plan leaves. 
 
 July 20, 1872. Mr. Washburn going to America on 
 furlough gave over charge to Mr. 
 Herrick. 
 
 April 1873. No class received this year ; but a class 
 of 6 catechists left. 
 
 Aug. 11, 1874. The death of Rev. William Todd oc- 
 curred at Madura, Kansas, U. S. A. 
 Mr. Todd came from Jaffna to Mad- 
 ura in July 1834 and was one of the 
 founders of the A. M. Mission. 
 
 Oct. 3, 1874. Mr. Washburn resumed charge of the 
 Pasumalai Seminary. 
 
 Jan. 18, 1875. The Mission voted that a preparatory 
 department be opened at Pasumalai 
 to take pupils who had passed the 
 4th standard twice to be educated up 
 to Matriculation; 20 to be received on 
 account of the Mission at Rs. l a 
 month, these to be residents of the 
 district, free from chronic disease, 
 with a prospect of usefulness, espe- 
 cially sons of pastors, catechists and 
 teachers, and of influential families 
 in the congregations.
 
 April 20, 1875. The first locomotive and train of the 
 S. I. R. ran from Trichinopoly to 
 Madura. 
 
 June 8, 1875. A Middle School was opened at Pasu- 
 malai with 21 students. 
 
 June 24, 1875. Mr. J. Colton ordained and settled over 
 the church in Dindigul. 
 
 Dec. 10,1875. The Prince of Wales arrived at Mad- 
 ura by way of Tnticorin and Mani- 
 achi and performed the ceremony of 
 opening the S. I. Railway. 
 
 June 1876. A class of 12 from the boarding 
 schools enter Pasumalai School. 
 
 July 4, 1876. The centennial of American Independ- 
 ence was celebrated by the Mission 
 at Pasumalai and a centennial tree 
 was planted by Dr. Tracy on the 
 west side of the Seminary. 
 
 Jan. 1877. A class of 1 1 from the boarding schools 
 
 enter. 
 
 1877. A severe famine prevailed. A nursery 
 and orphanage was opened at Pasu- 
 malai in November with 80 children. 
 
 Nov. 14-17, ) His Grace the Duke of Buckingham, 
 1877. } Governor of Madras, visited Madura. 
 
 Nov. 28, 1877. The death of Rev. W. Tracy, D.D., for- 
 mer Principal of Pasumalai Semina- 
 ry, occurred at Tirupuvanam. 
 
 Jan. 1878. Mr. K. A. Burnell, the evangelist visit- 
 ed Madura and Pasumalai.
 
 128 
 
 Jan. 1878. A class of 11 from the boarding schools 
 
 enter. 
 
 Jan. 4, 1878. The death occurred of Rev. C. T. Muz- 
 
 zy for a long time head of the A. 
 
 M. Mission English School, Madura. 
 
 Jan. & Feb. 1 The district suffered in many place 8 
 
 1878. J from destructive visits of locusts. 
 
 Mar. 8, 1878. Mr. Yorke of the C. V. E. S. Training 
 School, Dindigul, left for England. 
 
 Sept. 1878. Sacred Concerts were introduced as a 
 feature of the September mission 
 meeting. 
 
 Nov. 1878. Government took under its patronage 
 Dr. Chester's Medical School, Din- 
 digul, which has received many of 
 ils students from Pasumalai. 
 
 Jan. 1879. A class of 9 from the boarding schools 
 enter. 
 
 March 1, 1879. The nursery was closed 1,070 child- 
 ren had been cared for the average 
 stay was 2% months the average 
 number per month was 136 for 16 
 months. 
 
 March 1, 1879. A gift of Rs. 1,000 was received as 
 the beginning of an Endowment 
 Fund. 
 
 Dec. 15, 1879. Pasumalai students were sent up for 
 the first time to the Matriculation 
 examination ; six passed including 
 two teachers. 
 
 Jan. 1880. Non-Christians were admitted to the 
 High School.
 
 129 
 
 Feb. 16, 1880. The time of entering and leaving school 
 
 was changed to Jan. and Dec. 
 Dec. 15, 1880. Middle School pupils were sent up for 
 
 examination 3 passed. 
 
 Jan. 1881. The Mission approved of the opening 
 
 a theological class for Matriculates 
 
 and others able to study with them. 
 
 Feb. 1881. The first class of the Matriculates was 
 
 received to the theological school. 
 
 Feb. 1881. The Burnell Scholarship begun by a 
 
 gift of Rs. 100 increased in '81 and 
 
 '82 to Rs. 400. 
 
 Oct. 1, 1881. A Post Office was opened at Pasumalai. 
 Nov. 1881. The College was a affiliated with the 
 
 Madras University. 
 1882. The Welsh Scholarship amounting to 
 
 Rs. 1,250 was founded. 
 
 1882. Gymnastic apparatus provided and in- 
 struction in college and school began. 
 Aug. 1882. Mr. P. Joseph left to become a pleader. 
 
 Aug. 24, 1882. The west upstair dormitory was opened; 
 also two college class rooms. 
 
 Sept. 12, 1882. The Director of Public Instruction 
 requires Middle Schools to be recog- 
 nised in order to receive grants and 
 to send pupils to the Middle School 
 examination, 
 Mar. 1883. The Pasumalai Scholarship begun by 
 
 gifts to the amount of Rs. 350. 
 
 Apr. 5, 1883. Mr. Washburn going on furlough to the 
 United States givei over charge to 
 Mr. Jones. 
 
 17
 
 180 
 
 July let, 1883. Owing to the death of Mr. Kendall on 
 June, 13th Mr. Jones was transferred 
 to Madura and gave over charge to 
 Mr. J. S. Chandler. 
 
 Sept. 1883. Mr. Chapin arrived from Jaffna and 
 acted as assistant to Mr. Chandler 
 till his departure for America Sept. 
 1884. 
 
 Oct. 1883. The Pasumalai Middle School recog- 
 nized as conforming to government 
 requirements for Middle Schools. 
 
 Feb. 1884. The new library room was opened. 
 
 Feb. 1884. Mr. S. Mutthusami Aiyar, B.A., be- 
 comes an instructor in the college. 
 
 Feb. 4, 1884. The Director's fee notification was is- 
 sued. 
 
 Feb. 27, 1884. The Mission Jubilee was celebrated 
 the enthusiastic giving resulted in the 
 raising of Rs. 5,250 appropriated as 
 an Endowment Fund for Pasumalai 
 Institution. 
 June 1884. The Noyes' Scholarship of Rs. 750 
 
 founded. 
 
 Oct. 1, 1884. Mr. Chandler gives over charge of the 
 Pasumalai Institution to Mr. Wash- 
 burn. 
 
 Oct. 1884, A new outfit of chemical apparatus was 
 provided for the High School. 
 
 Nov. 1884. The " Santhosha Seithi " was begun. 
 
 Nov. 1884. Candidates first sent up to the Peter 
 Cator Examination.
 
 131 
 
 Dec. 1884. A Portrait of Dr. Tracy was placed in 
 the Pasumalai Library. 
 
 Feb. 11, 1885. The Normal School received recognition 
 
 by government. 
 
 Feb. 1885. At the gymnastic competition in Mad- 
 ura for the schools of Madura and 
 vicinity, Pasumalai won the Director's 
 Prize and six other prizes. 
 
 June 1885. The Scudder Scholarship for Rs. 600 
 and the Clancy Scholarship of Ra. 
 700 founded. 
 
 Oct. 18, 1885. Mr. D. S. Herrick arrived from the 
 United States to assist the Principal. 
 
 Jan. 28, 1886. The training school was opened with 
 
 7 students, afterwards joined by 
 
 4 others. 
 Jan. 28, 1886. The Primary school was incorporated 
 
 with the Training Institution as a 
 
 practising branch. 
 Feb. 1,1886. The 2nd fee notification framed by a 
 
 commission, to run for five years, was 
 
 approved and issued. 
 Nov. 7-8, 1S86. The Viceroy, Lord Dufferin, visited 
 
 Madura and reviewed the Mission 
 
 schools near the American Mission 
 
 High School. 
 Dec. 21, 1886. Of the Matriculation class this year, 
 
 7 passed in the 1st class and 20 in 
 
 the 2nd class. 
 Dec. 27, 1886. A gift was made by Mr. Grant Asirva- 
 
 tham for a village plot and play 
 
 ground.
 
 132 
 
 Sept. 8, 1887. The Hollis Moore Memorial Hall was 
 
 opened. 
 Oct. 23, 1887. Lord Con nemara, Governor of Madras 
 
 visited Madura. 
 Nov. 1887. In the Peter Cator Examination, Peter 
 
 Isaac gained a prize of Rs. 40, G. 
 
 Joseph Rs. 20, and 7 others gained 
 
 certificates. 
 Nov. 1888. In the Peter Cator Examination, R. 
 
 Gnanamutthu gained a prize of Rs. 
 
 50, and 9 others, certificates. 
 
 Nov. 1888. The printing office was remodelled and 
 
 used as a science room. 
 Dec. 5, 1888. The new College Hall begun in March 
 
 was opened. 
 
 Jan. 1889. The teaching of Sanskrit was introduc- 
 ed into the Middle School, High 
 School and College departments. 
 
 July 1889. The Lower Secondary examination was 
 instituted in place of the Middle 
 School examination. 
 
 Aug. 1889. Land and a spring for a well mile east 
 
 of the east bungalow was acquired. 
 
 Mar. 20, 1890. The Principal visited the United States 
 
 for 4 months protracted to 8 months 
 
 by illness. 
 
 Aug. 1890. Mr. Herrick who had temporary charge 
 of the College left for America. 
 
 Dec. 1890. Rev. R. Humphrey, instructor in tho 
 College and the Seminary for tho 
 second terra.
 
 133 
 
 Jan. 15, 1891. Mr. H. H. Stutson, B. A., arrived to as- 
 sist the Principal. 
 
 ' Feb. 4, 1891. Mr. L. D. Wishard, Secretary of the 
 International Y.M.C.A., spent 4days 
 in Pasumalai and Madura. 
 
 April 1891. The University required High Schools 
 sending up candidates to the Matric- 
 ulation Examination, to he recogniz- 
 ed by government in the same man- 
 ner as Upper Secondary Schools. 
 
 June 1891. The connecting verandah between the 
 College and Seminary was erected. 
 
 July 1891. High Schools required to be recognized 
 and the course extended to 3 years. 
 Percentage of marks increased in 
 Matriculation Examination and Eng- 
 lish texts done away with to take 
 effect in the examination of 1892. 
 
 Aug. 1891. A new dining hall and kitchen was 
 opened for use. 
 
 Nov. 20, 1891. The death of Rev. J. Herrick, for more 
 than 8 years in charge of the Semi- 
 nary, occurred in Brattleboro, U.S.A. 
 
 Jan. 1892. The Theological Seminary was trans- 
 ferred to Mr. Jones. The new term 
 opened with 17 etudents who were 
 increased to 22. 
 
 Feb. 1892. The College Library received a gift of 
 200 volumes from Prof. Lincoln of 
 Williamstown, MASS.
 
 134 
 
 June 10, 1892. The Beals class rooms were opened. 
 
 July 1892. Six new houses for catechists were 
 erected and occupied. 
 
 July 1, 1892. The Southfold Hostel erected in part 
 and occupied. 
 
 July 7, 1892. 3 acres government waste land, east 
 of the east bungalow were acquired, 
 
 July 1892. Rev. Alexander Miller visited Pasu- 
 malai and made a donation of Rs. 50 
 to the College Library. 
 
 Aug. 1892. A brass memorial tablet to Dr. Tracy 
 was placed in the Pasumalai church. 
 
 Sept. 12, 1892. The new normal class rooms were 
 opened. 
 
 Sept. 15, 1892. The Jubilee celebration of the founding 
 of the Pasumalai Seminary was held. 
 
 1 893. The ball field was walled in and open- 
 ed to use. 
 
 1893. Four cottages for the theological stu- 
 dents and two for teachers were com- 
 pleted. 
 
 July 1893. The quadrangle of the Southfold Hos- 
 tel was completed. 
 
 Sept. 11, 1893. The Rajah of Ramnad visited the Col- 
 lege. 
 
 Oct. 1893. The Alden Cottage containing residence 
 for two teachers was finished and 
 occupied. It is the gift of two mem- 
 bers of Park St. Church, Boston.
 
 135 
 
 Jan. 1894. One year was added to the theological 
 course making it three years. 
 
 . , Jan. 1894. The Doberty class room, given and fur- 
 nished by Mrs. Doherty and family 
 of South Boston, was opened. 
 
 Jan. 1894. Drawing was introduced into the High 
 School. 
 
 March 5, 1894. Williams College made a donation to 
 Pasumalai College of 1,910 dollars. 
 
 March 1894. Mr. H. H. Stutson left Pasumalai to 
 return to the United States. 
 
 June 1894. The time for admission to the Theolog- 
 ical Seminary was changed from 
 January to June. 
 
 July 1894. Four cottages for student catechists 
 were erected. 
 
 Aug. 1894. A plot of land adjoining the Southfold 
 Hostel on the east was given by 
 Hon. S. Subramania Aiyar Avergal. 
 
 Aug. 1894. A supply of physical and chemical 
 apparatus and elate boards placed in 
 the institution. 
 
 Nov. 1894. In the Peter Cator Examination D. 
 Manikam gained a prize of Rs. 10 
 and 6 of the remaining seven gained 
 1 st and 2nd class certificates. 
 
 Nov. 3, 1894. Rev. W. M. Zumbro, M.A., arrived. 
 
 1 894. S. Ramachandran of the F.A. class gain- 
 ed the Fischer gold medal for 1894.
 
 136 
 
 1895. Eight cottages for catcchist students 
 and teachers were erected. 
 
 July 4, 1895. The Madras Educational Rules revised. 
 July 6, 1895. Yokan Lodge was occupied. 
 
 Sept. 1895. Mrs. S. B. Capron founded tho William 
 Ban field Cnpron Scholarship by a gift 
 of Rs. 1,475. 
 
 Sept. 1895. The Williams College Cottage fur 
 teachers was erected and occupied. 
 
 Sept. 19, 1895. The Jubilee of the removal of the Semi- 
 nary from Tirumangalam to Pasu- 
 malai was celebrated. A fund of 
 Rs. 14,026 had been raised in three 
 years for the Endowment of the In- 
 stitution. 
 
 Sept. 1895. Cedar Cottage for 2 families was erected. 
 
 Oct. 1895. A scholarship fund of Rs. 1,401 col- 
 lected in tho U. S. by Rev. II. C. 
 Ilazen.
 
 APPENDIX VI. 
 A. 
 
 ENDOWMENT FUNDS. 
 
 The Washburn Scholarship Fund Rs. ... 5,100 
 
 and Pasumalai Post Office property ... 550 
 
 TheBurnell Scholarship ... 400 
 
 The Pasumalai .. 350 
 
 The Welsh ... 1,215 
 
 The Jubilee ... 5,250 
 
 The Scudder ... 800 
 
 The Clancy ... 700 
 
 The Noyes ... 750 
 
 The Glovervill ... 1,000 
 
 The William Banfield Capron ... 1,475 
 
 18
 
 APPENDIX VI. 
 B. 
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO THE 
 JUBILEE FUND Rs. 1O AND ABOVE. 
 
 His Highness the Rajah of Ramnad ... 
 Mrs. S. B. Capron 
 
 Collected by Rev. H. C. Hazen in U.S.A. 
 Rev. G. T. Washburn, D.D. 
 
 J. P. Jones, D.I>. 
 
 Mr. Warren Gookin Waterman, U.S.A. ... 
 Rev. J. C. Perkins 
 
 W. P. El wood 
 
 J. E. Tracy 
 
 J. S. Chandler 
 
 Hon. S. Subramania Aiyar, Dewan Baha- 
 dur 
 Rev. Frank Van Allen, M.D. 
 
 E. Chester, M.D. and Mrs. Chester ... 
 Mrs. Tuflts 
 Rev. E. P. Holton 
 
 G. W. Wright 
 
 and Mrs. D. S. Herrick 
 
 J. E. Chandler 
 
 Hon. R. Ramasubba Aiyar, Row Bahadur 
 Miss B. B, Noyes 
 
 Rs. A. P. 
 
 2,000 
 
 1,475 1 7 
 
 1,401 6 
 
 1,100 
 
 450 
 
 350 14 
 
 300 
 
 300 
 
 270 
 
 258 
 
 250 
 
 200 
 
 187 6 
 
 184 6 3 
 
 180 
 
 160 
 
 150 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 75 6
 
 lis. A. r. 
 
 Miss M. T. Noyes ... 75 
 
 E. M. Swift ... 75 
 
 Mr. J. Matiiuranayagam, Hosp. Asst. ... 70 
 
 S. Chinniah ... 67 
 
 G. Abraham ... 65 
 
 Peter Isaac ... 50 
 
 S. EamakrishDa Aiyar ... 50 
 
 3. Gnauamanikkam ... 50 
 
 S. Mahadeva Aiyar ... 48 
 
 N. Chidambaram .,. 45 
 
 V. W. Stepheuson ... 40 
 
 Rev. A. Barnes ... 37 8 
 
 Mr. P. Strinivasa Aiyar ... 36 10 
 
 Rev. J. Colton ... 36 
 
 Y. S. Taylor ... 35 4 8 
 
 Mr. Y. Gnanamutthu ... 31 
 
 Rev. S. Isaac ... 30 
 
 J. Rowland ... 30 
 
 G. N. Pakiauathaa ... 30 
 
 Mr. V. Santiagu ... 30 
 
 G. Joseph ... 30 
 
 R. Michael ... 30 
 
 Y. Gnanapragasam Bonnell ... 30 
 
 S. G. Subrainania Aiyar ... 30 
 
 V. Kanthappu ... 30 
 
 Rev. Y. J. Taylor ... 26 13 11 
 
 ,. M. Eames ... 26 7 3
 
 uo 
 
 Mr. A. Samuel 
 
 A. Thambupillai, Hosp. Asst. 
 
 ,, A. Pakianathan, Palamcottah 
 
 ,, Muthusami 
 Rev. W. A. Buckingham 
 
 A. Pichaimutthu 
 
 ,, M. Thomas 
 
 A. Perumal 
 
 W. D. Clarke, Madras 
 
 S. Simon 
 Mr. T. Loomis 
 A. David, Dist. Munsif 
 ,, S. Sesha Sas trial 
 Moses Samuel 
 V. Ramanatha Aiyar 
 R. S. Ignatius 
 V. David 
 Y. Sebastian 
 Samuel Joseph 
 G. Jesudasan 
 S. Devanesam, Hosp. Asat. 
 S. Thirithuvathasan 
 Rev. S. Nallathambi 
 
 A. Savarimutthu 
 Mr. T, S. Mutthusami Aiyar 
 Kailasam Aiyar 
 E. V. Santhosham and wife
 
 HI 
 
 Rfl. A. F. 
 
 Mr. P. Council ... 17 8 6 
 
 A. Pakianathan ... 17 
 
 Rev. A. Clarke ... 16 8 
 
 Mr. M. P. Samuel ... 16 8 
 
 Rev. K. John ... 16 3 9 
 
 S. Vethamanikam ... 16 
 
 C. William ... 16 
 
 Mr Israel Isaac ... 16 
 
 Rev. A. David ... 15 15 
 
 Mr. D. Pakiam ... 15 15 
 
 S. Palaniappa Pillai ... 15 8 
 
 Gnanapragaeam, Dresser ... 15 3 
 
 S. Appavu ... 15 2 3 
 
 Rev. I. Savarimuttbu ... 15 o 
 
 S.Jacob ... 15 
 
 Mr.T. S. Vethamutthu ... 15 
 
 ,, I. Devasirvatham ... 15 
 
 Mr. M. Solomon ... 15 
 
 B. Subramania Sastry ... 15 
 
 P.David . ... 15 
 
 R. Gnanamutthu ... 15 
 
 Jeyamani Paul ... 15 
 
 R. Santhiappan ... 14 10 8 
 
 A. Manikam and wife ... 14 8 
 
 A. V. Samuel ... 14 7 10 
 
 P. Vetbanayagam ... 14 2 4 
 
 G. David Fenn ... 14 o
 
 142 
 
 Rs. A. P. 
 
 Mr. S. Samuel 1400 
 
 V. Antonimutthu ...... 14 
 
 Rev. A. Gnanamutthu 14 
 
 Mr. V. David 13 8 
 
 J. Appavu 13 8 
 
 Y. Jacob 13 
 
 A. Samiadian 13 
 
 P. Joseph 13 
 
 R. Sivasamba Aiyar 12 8 
 
 Paul 12 7 3 
 
 ,. P. Gnanaratthinam 13 6 
 
 Paranjothi 12 5 6 
 
 V. Gnanamutthu 12 5 4 
 
 Y. Yesadian 12 4 8 
 
 P. Thomas 
 
 G. V. Dovadasau 
 
 ,, R. Israel 
 
 V. G. David and wife 
 
 A. David 
 
 P. China in h 
 
 P. C. Yesadian 
 
 ,, R. Gnanathikam 
 
 M. Daniel 
 
 S. Gabriel 
 
 C. Muthian 
 
 ,, G. De va sir vat ham 
 
 ,, 3. Gnanayutham
 
 143 
 
 Rs. A. p. 
 
 Mrs. A. Santhammal 12 
 
 Mr. R. Rayappan 12 
 
 P. Daniel 12 
 
 M. Pichaimntthu 11 14 3 
 
 G. Visuvasatn 11 12 
 
 Gnanapragasam 11 12 10 
 
 C. M. Abraham ...... 11 80 
 
 A. Michael 11 60 
 
 S. Joshua .... 11 511 
 
 Arokiam 11 5 11 
 
 Y.Jacob 11 4 11 
 
 N. Pakiam 11 40 
 
 P. C. Cross 11 10 
 
 Barnabas 11 00 
 
 ,. A. Pakiam 11 00 
 
 S. Belavendram 11 00 
 
 S. Vethanayagam 11 00 
 
 D. Simdaram ..... 11 00 
 
 Vetlagiri 10 15 6 
 
 P. Israel 1 1 10 6 
 
 M. Kayappan 10 8 
 
 M Vetham 10 8 
 
 S. Abraham 10 8 
 
 Y Manikam 10 7 
 
 P. Daniel 10 5 7 
 
 I. Gnanamutthu 10 3 5 
 
 S. Vethamanikam 1C 3 5
 
 144 
 
 Ra. A. p. 
 
 Mr. Devapiriam ...... 10 3 5 
 
 P.Samuel 10 3 r, 
 
 S. Paranjothi 10 3 6 
 
 V. John 10 3 o 
 
 D. Gnanamutthu ...... 10 3 4 
 
 Zaccheus 10 2 
 
 Isaac ...... 10 2 
 
 J. John 10 2 
 
 P. Israel 10 1 10 
 
 B.James 10 1 
 
 Nallathambi 10 10 
 
 M. Nallathambi 10 9 
 
 S. Thomas, Hosp. Asst. 10 
 
 E. V. Sampson 10 
 
 Paul Daniel and wife 1000 
 
 S. Pakianathan 10 
 
 V. Isaac and wife 10 
 
 S.Isaac 10 
 
 M. Amirthanayagatn 10 
 
 G. Daniel 10 
 
 S. Jeevanantham 10 
 
 Mutthu Pillai 10 
 
 J. Shadrach 10 
 
 R. Devapiriam 10 
 
 P. T. Vetham 1000 
 
 S. Daniel 
 
 G. Visuvasam 10
 
 145 
 
 Ra. A. P. 
 
 C. E. Graham Norton, Esq. 10 
 
 Henry B. Dalgetty, Esq. 10 
 
 Mr. P. Sundaram 10 
 
 P. Asirvatham 10 
 
 P.Joseph 10 
 
 ,. S. Guanapirakasam 10 
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 
 BELOW Rs. 1O AND ABOVE Rs. 5. 
 
 Mr. J. Kennett 9 10 8 
 
 D. Devasirvatham 9 9 4 
 
 ., S. Subbiah 990 
 
 M. Abraham 980 
 
 R, Arulanantham 9 8 
 
 V. Muttha 980 
 
 K. Samithasan 9 7 G 
 
 S. Thomas 964 
 
 V. Yagappan 960 
 
 G. Manuel 920 
 
 A. David 9 111 
 
 Visuvasam 8 1 3 
 
 Sargunam 906 
 
 A. Masillamani 9 o 
 
 ,, R. C. Selvanayagam 9 
 
 Timothy 900 
 
 19
 
 Rs. A. P. 
 
 Mr. P. Yeadian 900 
 
 D. Gnanathikam. 9 O 
 
 ^ v!l)airian> 900 
 
 M. Samuel 9 O 
 
 1L Thomas 9 O O 
 
 A. Annasami 
 
 S.John 900 
 
 ILDarmakin 900 
 
 Ualtikarjuna Aiyar 900 
 
 Muzzy 9 O 
 
 Y. Gnanamani 815 8 
 
 N. Asirratham 
 
 J. S. Stephen 8138 
 
 J. Barnabas ...... 8 13 O 
 
 m M. Samuel 8 10 1O 
 
 M.Vetham 
 
 S. Pakiam ...... 8 10 8 
 
 J. Arumainayagam .- 8 10 8 
 
 Y. Gnanakan 8 1O O 
 
 D. Samuel 8 10 O 
 
 n W. Jeeranantham 8 8 O 
 
 A. SaTarimutthu 
 
 T.Joseph 
 
 D. AnbuQanathaa 
 
 ., Arokiam 
 
 M. Asorathanr 864 
 
 , Belranaymgam 856
 
 147 
 
 B . A. T . 
 
 Mr. A. James 856 
 
 V. Gnanamutthu ...... 847 
 
 ,, D. Manikam 816 
 
 T. Devanesam .... 846 
 
 S. Joseph Benjamin ...... 843 
 
 Visuvasam 849 
 
 A. Savariappan - 837 
 
 ,. J. C. Cleave land 835 
 
 Grace Samuel 830 
 
 N. Moses 810 
 
 -,, N. Cbumappaa ^.... 810 
 
 v A. Aiyathurai 819 
 
 Satbiavasagam ...... 806 
 
 M. Abraham 800 
 
 Peter 800 
 
 B. Moses 800 
 
 S. Joseph 800 
 
 ,, Vethamuttfm 8 
 
 Paul Peter 800 
 
 V. Pakianathan 800 
 
 B. Gurubatbam 800 
 
 ,, Marther Paul ...... 800 
 
 ,. Annamutthu 8 
 
 P. Arokiam 800 
 
 .. Yesadian Samuel 800 
 
 S. Simon 800 
 
 ,. R. Savarimuttbn ...... 3 9
 
 148 
 
 Es, A.>. 
 
 Mr. Geo. W. Nathaniel 800 
 
 G. VctLanayagam 7 15 9 
 
 E. V. Masillamaui 7 15 2 
 
 E. S. Thayananthara 7 14 
 
 H. Arms 7 14 
 
 P. Peter 7 14 
 
 T. Antony 7 14 
 
 M. Gnanaprakasam 7 13 8 
 
 N. Samuel 713 5 
 
 M. Perianayagam 713 
 
 G. Gnanamuttbu 711 3 
 
 E. Peter 7 11 
 
 Samiadian 795 
 
 K. Vethanayagam 7 9 2 
 
 D. Savarimutthu 7 8 9 
 
 Arumainayagam 788 
 
 A. Solomon 780 
 
 S. Amirthanayagam 7 8 
 
 Savarimutthu 780 
 
 Paul Peter 780 
 
 G. Samuel 778 
 
 D.John 
 
 Simon 756 
 
 E. Manuel 750 
 
 S. Philip 750 
 
 A. Stephen 733 
 
 I. Santhappnn 7 211
 
 149 
 
 Re. A. r. 
 
 Mr. Geo. Moses Arion 7 2 10 
 
 N. Samuel 7 2 9 
 
 ,, G. Pakianatban 729 
 
 Y. Samuel 709 
 
 S. VethamuttLu 700 
 
 A. Arokiam 700 
 
 M. Rayappan 700 
 
 M. David 700 
 
 A. Devasagayam 7 
 
 A. Gnanamutthu 700 
 
 M. R. Antony 700 
 
 A. Sebastian 700 
 
 G. Isaac 700 
 
 P. G. Devasagayam 7 
 
 M. Samuel 700 
 
 R. Saptarishi Aiyar 6 15 8 
 
 P. Pakiam 6 15 4 
 
 M. M. Devasagayam 615 
 
 ,, Muthusami 6 14 6 
 
 Y. Rayappan 6 12 
 
 V. Savarimuttbu 6 12 
 
 V. Subbiah 6 12 
 
 Joanna 6 12 
 
 Mr. C. Visuvasam 6 11 11 
 
 S. Mutthian 611 8 
 
 C. Perinbam 688 
 
 G. Samuel 680
 
 150 
 
 Rs. A. p. 
 
 Savarinayagam, B. \V. 80 
 
 G. Gnanapiragasi 680 
 
 S. Harriett 680 
 
 P. Yesadial 680 
 
 G. Michael 680 
 
 A. Elizabeth 680 
 
 Mary Pakiam 680 
 
 C. Ammani ...... 680 
 
 Y. Yesadial 6 8 G 
 
 Air. D. Daniel 660 
 
 V. Gabriel 650 
 
 S. Daniel 640 
 
 P. Asirvatham 6 1 10 
 
 V. Vethamanikam 616 
 
 J. Thomas 600 
 
 A. Mathalamutthu 600 
 
 R. C. Thomas 600 
 
 P. Rayamutthu 600 
 
 A. Rayappan 600 
 
 A. Mailvela 600 
 
 Gnanamutthu 600 
 
 V. Annamaria 600 
 
 C. Annal 600 
 
 Mr. S. Samuel 600 
 
 K. Yagappan 6 
 
 R. Savarimutthu 6 
 
 S. Manikam 600
 
 151 
 
 Rs. A. P. 
 
 Mr. V. Israel ... 6 
 
 C. Sanel ... 6 
 
 G. Mutthusarai Aiyar ... 6 
 
 G. David ... 6 
 
 Davi.l Fenn ... 6 
 
 .. F. Mutthukumarusami ... 6 
 
 .. A. John ... 6 
 
 ,, A. Simon ... 5 15 
 
 A. Daniel ... 5 13 4 
 
 M. Pakiam, B. W. ... 5134 
 
 A. Gnanammal ... 5 12 6 
 
 Mr. P. Isaac ... 5 11 10 
 
 D. Duraisami ... 5 8 
 
 Marial, B. W. ... 5 8 
 
 Natchetram ... 5 8 
 
 AnnammaL ... 5 8 
 
 Yellaramal ... .180 
 
 Mr. Joseph Col ton ... 5 8 
 
 P. Ferinbom ... 5 8 
 
 Gnanamanikam ... 5 6 1 
 
 M. Andrew . . 5 5 10 
 
 G. Savarimutthu ... 5 4 
 
 A. Pakiam, B. W. ...540 
 
 V. Rose ... 5 3 4 
 
 Mr. P. Joseph ...520 
 
 S. Amiam ... 5 2 
 
 ilr. Derasagayam ... 5 1 9
 
 152 
 
 Rs. A. p. 
 
 Mr. Geo. R. Abraham ... 5 1 9 
 
 A.Jacob ... 5 1 6 
 
 Nachetram ... 5 I 
 
 Mr. S. A. Samuel ... 5 6 
 
 .. M. V. Subramania Aiyar ... 5 
 
 .. B. Yetham ... 5 
 
 Annamutthu ... 5 
 
 Fakiam, B. W. ... 5 
 
 Mr. G. Joseph ... 5 o 
 
 ,. G. Savarimutthu ... 5 
 
 H. Macneal, Esq. ...500 
 
 Mr. L. Narasimmachariar ... o 
 
 .. A. Ramasami Aivar ... 5 
 
 Miss Smart ... 5 
 
 Mr. M. Meyappan ... 5 
 
 A Poor Sympathiser ... 5 o 
 
 Mr. Samuel Piragasam 5
 
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 "Hut tn'.s 1S _, 1T . j^ome. ,.nnr attle boy 
 
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