IH^HiiiiiiilW^^^^^^ ?■ J PHILIPS" COMPARATIVE OF lES Ramsay Muir, M.A. 3 /-Net. THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES / ? i'^- n -i i^-^^^ • ^ a . A NEW SCHOOL ATLAS OF MODERN HISTORY A Series of 48 Plates, containing 120 Coloured Maps & Diagrams, with an Introduction illustrated by 29 Maps and Plans in black ond white By RAMSAY MUIR. M.A., Professor of Modern Hiiiory in the University of Liverpool GEORGE PHILIP & SON, Ltd.. LONDON : THE LONDON GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE. 32 FLEET STREET. E.G. LIVERPOOL; PHILIP. SON & NEPHEW. LTD.. SOUTH CASTLE STREET 1911 (All rights reserved.) UCLA ^•''5^ i IP.RARY RECEIVC ^iH\}\ 'l980 FIL^ mt\r LiiJKARY /03O PREFACE. THE teaching of Modern Historj', whether English, European, American or Colonial, has long been handicapped in England by the non-existence of a carefully produced historical atlas, covering the whole ground and issued at a price which will place it within the reach of all schools. This gap the present work endeavours to fill, as I'Utzger's excellent work fills it in Germany. No pains have been spared to achieve this end, and every map has been specially drawn and specially engraved. It is claimed that this work is distinguished from other historical Atlases, whether English or foreign, by several features. (i) In the first place, great emphasis is through- out placed upon the physical basis of historical geography. Not only are mountain hachures inserted on all politically coloured maps of sufficiently large scale, but a series of physical maps has been included, carefully designed so as to show the build of all the principal areas of historical importance. The periods illustrated by these maps are those in which the political divisions were sufficiently simple to be adequately shown by red lines. These physical maps have been so placed as to be capable of being used in conjunction with groups of other maps of the same area, and it is hoped that in this way the influence of the build of a country upon its history will be made readily manifest to the student. (2) As nothing tends to make a map more confusing, and therefore less instructive to the young student, than a multiplicity of names, great care has been taken to insert only those names which are likely to be useful to the student at the period dealt with. The Editor has generally thought it better to risk including too few rather than too many names. (3) As the Atlas is intended to be used by young people of the greatest colonising nation in history, special attention has been devoted to Indian, American, and Colonial history, and it is believed not merely that no small atlas, but no large atlas of general history, contains so careful and full a treatment of these subjects as will be found in the fourth section of this book. The series of maps showing the progress in exploration and settlement of the extra-European world will, it is hoped, prove both instructive and stimulating to the imagination. (4) At the same time the United Kingdom has received especially full treatment, and some of the maps contained in the book deal with aspects of English History which have never been treated in the same way in similar works. (5) The Introduction contains a series of com- ments upon each of the maps in turn, which it is hoped will be of assistance to the teacher. A number of supplementary sketch maps, illustrating special points, have been inserted in the Introduction, together with a .selection of battle-plans. In the difficult task of selecting the battles to be thus illus- trated, the Editor has been chiefly guided by the needs of teaching. The teacher is seldom able to find time for the detailed study of more than a few battles during the school course, and it is hoped that those which have been chosen include all or nearly all those which the majority of English teachers are accustomed to treat in detail. A larger edition, containing a number of ad- ditional maps, is in preparation for the use of teachers and more advanced students. To this edition a detailed Index will be added. It is the hope of the Editor and Publishers that this Atlas will form a real aid in the study and teaching of history. They have spared no pains to secure this end. But as no book can hope to attain perfection at its first putting forth, they will be genuinel)^ grateful to all users of the Atlas who will direct their attention to the mistakes of omission or commission which, despite their care, are sure to exist, or who will help them with suggestions for its improvement in a later edition. In view ol the vastness of its range, it is obvious that the Atlas does not and cannot claim to be based upon original research at more than a few points. The Editor's object has been to select and adapt for teaching purposes the best results of modern scholar- ship in this field, and he has drawn largely upon all the standard historical Atlases of England, France, Germany, and America, especially those of Schradcr, Droysen, Spriiner-Menke and Poole, as well as upon books and monographs far too numerous to be named here. He has profited also by the advice and counsel of many friends. But beyond all other debts is that which he owes to Mr. George Philip, F.R.G.S., who has placed all his cartographical skill unstintingly at his command, and without whose patience, ingenuity and knowledge the atlas would probably never have been compiled. Mr. Philip has been good enough to contribute the admirable series of maps of the world showing the progress of exploration and settle- ment, which will be found to be one of the most valuable features of the book. Liverpool, July, zpio. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. Illustrated with 2g Sketch-maps and Battle Plans in black and white. Section I. — General Maps of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. With the following Maps : The Races of Europe, c. i loo (p. ix.) ; the Religions of Europe, c. iioo (p. x.) ; the Hanseatic League (p. x.) ; the Religions of Central Europe, c. 1600 (p. xi.); the Religions of Europe, c. 1648 p. xii). Section II. — The Growth of the Pri.nxipal States of Europe. With the following Maps : The Protestants in France (p. xv.) ; the field of the Franco-German War (p. xvi.) ; the Battlefields of N. Italy (p. xvi.) ; the lines of Torres Vedras (p. xvii.) ; the Campaign of Gustavus Adolphus (p. xvii.) ; and Plans of the battles of Bouvines (p. xv.), Austerlitz (p. xii.), Jena (p. .xiii.), Leipzig (p. xiii.), Blenheim (p. xviii.), and Waterloo (p. xiv.). Section III. — The British Isles. With Maps of the Campaign of Marston Moor (p. xxi.) and the Enclosures of the i8th Century (p. xxii.), and PLANS of the battles of Bannockburn (p. xx.), Cressy (p. XX.), Poitiers (p. xx.), Agincourt (p. x.x.), Marston Moor fp. xxi.), Naseby (p. xxi.), Dunbar (p. xxii.) and Worcester (p. xxiii). Section IV. — The Europeanisation of the World. With Plans of the Battles of the Nile (p. xxiii), Copenhagen (p. xxiv.) and Trafalgar (p. xxiv). LIST OF COLOURED PLATES. * Maps marked with an asterisk are coloured physically, the hill-shading being shown in addition. Section I. — General Maps of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin — Ten Plates. Plate Number *Europe on the Eve of the Barbarian Irruptions — c. 395 A.D. Physical. Scale i : 25,000,000 ... i Europe, c. 476 A.D. 1:25,000,000 2a Europe, c. 520 A.D. i : 20,000,000 ... ... 2b ~ Europe in the Age of Charlemagne — Physical. I : 20,000,000 3 The Partition of Verdun, 843 A.D. I : 20,000,000 ... 3a *Mohaminedan Dominions in Asia — Physical. Scale I : 40,000,000 ... ... ... ... ... 3/^ Plate Number C. IIOO Europe at the time of the First Crusade A.D. I : 20,000,000 ... ... Europe, c. 1360. i : 20,000,000 Europe in 1519. i : 15,000,000 ... Europe at the Peace of Westphalia, 1648 I : 15,000,000 Europe in 1740. 1:15,000,000 ... Europe under Napoleon, 18 10. i : 15,000,000 .. Europe in 181 5. i : 20,000,000 Section II.— The Growth of the Principal States of Europe— Thirteen Plates. The Netherlands in the XVII. Century, showing also the Principal Battlefields, i : 2,500,000... Campaign of Waterloo, i : 1,000,000 Growth of the Swiss Confederation, i : 2,000,000 •France and Burgundy, showing the Main Political Divisions about the year 987 A.D. — Physical. I : 5,000,000 Growth of the French Monarchy from Philip Augustus to the Hundred Years War. I : 9,000,000 France, 1461-1 595. 1:9,000,000 The Growth of France on the North-East. I : 6,000,000 Southern Border of France, i : 6,000,000 Paris at the time of the P'rench Revolution. I : 50,000 •Italy about 600 A.D. — Physical. 1:5,000,000 ... Rome in the Middle Ages. I : 100,000 Italy in the X. Century and up to the Normati Conquest, i : 10,000,000 Italy in the XII. and XIII. Centuries, i : 8,000,000 I la lie 12 I3a 3 2zd Copenhagen, BattIeof—F;^.xxviii.,/«/r(?a'«(r//t>/«, p. xxiv Plats number Cressy, Battle of — Fig. xviii., Introduction, p. x,x. Crimea ... ... ... ... ... ... 10, 22 Crusades ... ... ... ... ... ... 23 d'Anville, World according to ... ... igc Denmark... ... ... ... ... ... 5-10 Dunbar, Battle of — Fig. x.xv., Jnirodiic/ion, p. x.Kii. Dutch Colonial Empire... ... ... 38-42, 45a Eastern Empire, the ... ... ... 2-5. 23 Empire, the Holy Roman ... ... 4-8, 18, 19 England, and her Invaders in the XI. Century 26 Angevin Empire ... .. ... 28 Anglo-Saxon... ... ... ...25, 30^ during the Civil War ... .. 31 Ecclesiastical... ... ... ... T,oa Industrial Revolution ... ... 36 Mediaeval ... ... ... ... 27 Enclosures in — Fig. xxiv., Introduction, p. xxii. English Channel ... ... ... ... 48^ Europe ... ... ... ... ... ... i-io Middle Eastern ... ... ... ... 22 • -Racial M ap,C. 900 A. D. — Fig. i , Introduction, p. ix. Religious Divisions, at the First Crusade — Fig. ii., Introductio7i, p x. Religious Divisions, 164S — Fig. v.. Introduction, p. xii. Southern, during the Crusades ... 23 Florence, Growth of ... ... ... ... 15^ France and Burgundy in 987 — Physical ... 12 and the Angevin Empire ... ... 28 Growth of ... ... ... ... 13 in the Hundred Years' War ... 29a, 2gb Protestants in (Reign of Louis XIV.) — Fig. xi.. Introduction, p. xv. ... ... ... ... see also 3-10 Introduction, p. xvi. 2/', 3 ...38-43, 4S-48« 47^7, 47^ Franco-German War — Fig. xii. Franks, Empire of the ... French Colonial Empire German Colonial iMnpire Confederation ... ZoUverein \gd Apd Germany about the )'car 962 — Physical ... 18 in the XII. Century... ... ... \ga in the XV. Century ... ... ... \gb the Upper Rhine and Upper Danube \gc ... ... ... ... see also y\o, 20, 2\ — Religious Divisions in 1555 — Fig. iv., Introduction, p. .xi. Gibraltar I7« GustavusAdolphus, March of — Fig.y.\'.,hitrodn.\). xvii Habsburg Dominions, Growth of the... ... 2\, 22 Moluccas ... ... ... ... ... 37-40 Napoleon, Empire of 9 Narrow Seas ... ... ... 48^ Naseby, Battle of — Fig' xxiii., Introduction, p. xxi. Natal and Zululand ... ... ... ... 471? Netherlands, The ... ... ... 6-10, iia Netherlands, Spanish (or Austrian) ... 6-7, iia, 2ii? New England in 1650 ... ... ... ... 42^^ New Zealand, Settlement of ... ... ... 48^ Nile, Battle of the — Fig-, xxvii., Introduction, p. x.xiii. North America — see America, North, Norway ... ... ... ... ... 4-10, 22 Ottoman Empire ,,. ... ...5-10, 2.\b, 23 Palatinate Palestine during the Crusades ... Papal States Paris during the French Revolution Plate number ...6-8, 19 23 - FTGich ;.ta-3iflTt tuter the Settle - BartLe/Uld of Ouit „ . SchtfurzerUxnfs ptmlion, OeZ- If Biirclay , which shows the whole field of war. avaruxn^ Fig. xvi.— The Battle of Blenheim, 13 Aug., 1704. Growth of Prussia (Plate 20). — See note on Plate 19. — The maps on this plate, besides showing the growth of Prussia, wliich has leen the chief feature of the history of Germany since 1648, serve also to illustrate the wars and treaties of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, especially those associated with Louis XIV. and the Great Elector, with Frederick the Great, with Napoleon, and with Bismarck, Napoleon's high-handed treatment of Prussia, after the Battle of Jena, breaks the history of Prussian expansion into two clearly marked periods. The first period extends from 1415, when the House of Hohenzollern was first planted in the Mark of Brandenburg ; the chief land- marks of this period are the consolidating work of the great Elector (1640-88), the wars and conquests of Frederick the Great (1740-86), and the partitions of Poland (1772-93-95), Thanks to these partitions, Prussia seemed likely, at the moment of its overthrow by Napoleon, to become, like the Habsburg Empire, a predominantly Slavonic rather than a German state. It 1815 it was compensated for tiie loss of the bulk of its Polish lands by solid acquisitions in W^estern Germany, wliich before the French Revolution had been largely occupied by ecclesiastical states. It thus became the greatest of purely German powers and the chief hope of German unity ; and the way was prepared for the work of Bismarck. For the Battle of Jena, see Fig. vii. (p. xiii.). 21a. Growth of the Habsburg- Dominions.— The Habsburg House, which since 1519, and in a less degree since lL'72, has played a leading jiart in European affairs, built up its vast and heterogeneous empire mainly by means of a succession of furtunate marriages and a persistent and n<«e' diplomacy, of which it is impossible to give any account here ; their results are recorded in the map Note the wide territories held at one time or another by this family and subsequently lost; especially the loss of German lands. The Austrian house held the Imperial crown continuously from 1438 till the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 (except in tlie years 1742-5), and the Presidency of the Germanic 0) shows tlio results ui the campaign of 1644; while 31 (h) shows the results of the campaign of 1645. For the Scottish portion of the war see Plate 33a ; for the Irish portion Plate 34b. The Campaign and Battle of Marston Moor are shown in Fitjs. xxi. and xxii. ; the Battle of Naseby in Fig. xxiii. ; the Battle of Worcester in Fir/, xxvi. (p. xxiii.). Scotland in the XI. Century (Plate 32).— Shows the diverse elements out of which the Kingdom of Scotland was welded in the 1 I th and following centuries : (1) Alban, (2) Moray, (3) Argyll, or Scotland proper, (4) the Norse supremacy over Sutlierland and the Isles, (5) the British kingilom of Stralhclyde (with Galloway), and (6) the Northumbrian region of Lothian. For the relations between England and Scotland in the Middle Ages, see Plate 29rf. The Modern History of Scotland (Plate 33). — 33 (a) illustrates the Reformation period, the troubles of Queen Mary of Scots, the part played by Scotland in the Puritan Revoluticjn, and the campaigns of Montrose. 33 (b) illustrates the Persecution and the risings in the time of the later Stuarts, the Revolution, the Jacobite rebellions, and the general development of modern Scotland. These maps should be read in conjunction with Plate 32. The latter shows district names such as Kyle, Badenoch, Buchan ; 33 (a) shows clan and family names ; 33 (h) shows county divisions. In 33 ('aj note the Highland line. The Battle of Dunbar is shown in Fig. xxv. p. (xxii.). Ireland (Plate 34).— 34 (a) illustrates the medijeval history of Ireland, and indicates the distri- bution of the principal Irish septs and Norman families. 34 (c) contains the names of all places of importance in the tragical history of Ireland during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. 34 (b) shows in summary the resettlement of Irish land either by confiscation or by re-grant to the native proprietors, during the Tudor and early Stuart periods; 34 (d) the high-handed and unjust confiscation of lands proposed and partly carried out by Cromwell. The United King-dom —Parliamentary Repre- sentation (Plate 35). — Shows the system of parlia- mentary representation exist- ing before 1832. (1) The student should note the areas where names, i.e., constit uencies, are most abundant ; the table of references gives the total number of members elected in each county. To some extent the counties most largely represented, «.us ^Vangiiard (Flagship) ^^"'^ A,,uiLmS> ^Defence. Peixpie Souvera^ L'Ch-ient^ ^Tonnant 1; 600.000 ^t\ .T:^; » AB TTKIK MiyestLc GiaUaieme Tell r- ■ ^ Uenereux. TijTtoXeoiL O Fig. xxvii.— The Battle of the Nile, 1 August, 1798. INTRODUCTION. influence or control. This was because the coast, eveiy-where inhospitable, is everywhere backed either by deserts or by malarious jungle ; while all the great rivers (except tiie Nile) were long prevented from being made highways to the inlmd plateau by falls near their mouths, where they descend from the plateau, and by the malarious character of their lower reaches ; Africa is like a nut with a very hard kernel, and was neglected so long as more easily accessible lands were available to the ambidons of colonising nations. Towards the end of the 19th century when Europe had come to an end of revolutionary changes after the Franco German War, the suddenly awakened colonial ambitions of the powers found Africa almost the only unappropriated region of the world. Hence the rapidity with which it was partitioned amongst them, which (with the aid of gradations of colour according to date) is shown in Map (a). In 47 (c)—West Africa — note the numerous settlements of the various European powers along the coast of W. Africa during the ISth century, chiefly tor the purposes of the slave-trade : not only Portuguese, Dutch, French, and English, but Danes and Prussians founding trading stations, which frequently changed hands, and in no cases carried with them extended territorial power. Note the recently established predominance of France : Great Britain, however, controlling two of the three most valuable river entries into the inland regions. In 47 (b) — Gape Colony — note the struggles on the eastern boundary against the Katiirs, and the slow advance of the frontier in that direction — this being the only point at which the English, for a long time, came in contact with warlike native powers. The divisions are those of the Dutch at the time of the English conquest, and give some indication of the extent of the settlement at that date. The great variation in the size of the provinces is instructive, the wealth and population of each province being roughly in inverse proportion to its size. 47 (d) — Physical — illustrates, with dates, the growth of British power in S. Africa. 47 (e), gives a fuller treatment of Natal, the main clash-point between the English, the Dutch and the most formidable native tribes. Note the repeated attempts of the Boers to control the access to the coast in this direction, first by their early settlements, then in the '80's by the expansion of the New Republic at the expense of the Zulus. The British Settlement of Australasia (Plate 48c[). — Happy is the nation that has no history. Apart from the Maori wars in New Zealand, the only noteworthy features of the history of Australasia are the dates of the successive settlements, and the chief stages in the ex- ploration of this region, both of which are shown on the map. A fuller treatment of this subject will be given in the Students' Edition of this Atlas. The Narrow Seas and the North Atlantic (Plate 486 and C). — 48 (b) brings out the narrow and winding channel which separates England from the Continent, and notes the chief of the innumerable naval conflicts of which it has been the scene. 48 (c) deals in less detail with the wider field of the North Atlantic, on which the wars, especially of the 18th century, were waged, and especially with Nelson's pre-Trafalgar campaign. A fuller treatment of these subjects will be given in the Students' Edition of this Atlas. For plans of the Battles of the Nile, Copenhagen and Trafalgar, see Fiys. xxvii. (p. xxiii.), xxviii., Fig. xxviii.— Battle (if Copenhagen, 2 April, 1801. ft (i SantrfL'nrnn Tr^ini rJ/i/i fi Sta AnrUL. ^ A „ i roiAjf-o^"""^ ■ 6 IS — o J ^ & SpanLA, M CO f Fi(j. xxix.— Battle of Tkafaloar, 21 October, 1805. ERRATA. Plate 5. — The peninsula of Uallipoli should be coloured to the Ottoman Turks, cf Plate 216. Plate 7. — The name of Hanover (state, not town) has got out of place, and should fall entirely within the uncoloured space which surrounds the town of Hanover. Plate 136.— Under 6W«J,< insert {Emj. till 1558). Plate 23c. — Insert Ar! .G 9;tBl'l bo-iMoIoonu 9iiJ niddiv/ •jla-uJrra lUl bloods bnji ,aorAq io isuo *o» 8f>d (nv/oct 3on ,s3s-Jg) -lavoiu-.H Jo amen eiiT — ,V ei&lH .-lOYorxiH io " — ■'< ■■■''•< I, ,..,,.■..,„., r(oii(w aojjqg .(b&c.L liij .\ hnTj-- dSr oirA^ .(j-.qqol, 5o yi ,iaco» sii iCS sJ.fil'l ".IllV -^-lO' ; nnOT "IIIV ^^•IIloH io siilia .1 .-.HvA .8S oJbIS Sta Atitul. » /\ u \ vciiTlags>ap} .row ' • ^OWOODtJ BIVISIOK X0« I ^ SnJtJjOLShipt © Spanuih, •• 6^ avi^U2^ Ttagutap I Fi'j. ixii.— Battle of Tiiafaloar, 21 October, 1805. ..„.„ _..„ „» — .. .. „..^ ..^ ^.^., ^^.. — „„, w„ -^^.j .*„•.-...-...._, features of the history of Australasia are the dates of the successive settlements, and the chief stages in the ex- ploration of this region, both of which are shown on the map. A fuller treitment of this subject will be given in the Students' Edition of this Atlas. The Narrow Seas and the North Atlantic (Plate 486 and c). — 48 (!>) brings out the narrow and winding channel which separates England from the Continent, and notes the chief of tlie innumerable naval conflicts of which it has been the scene. 48 (c) deals in less detail with the wider field of the North Atlantic, on which the wars, especially of the 18th century, were waged, and especially with Nelson's pre-Trafalgar campaign. A fuller treatment of these subjects will be given in the Students' Edition of this Atlas. For plans of the Battles of the Nile, Copenhagen and Trafalgar, see Figs, xxvii. (p. xxiii.), xxviii., xxix. Sf^fMc Btibp A Sen.l¥ J^uLimJ^ fycyivjMo^ititltut^ Europe ! Ill till- AwV' i>l' CHARLEMAGNE SctOf 1 20.000,000 'r^Omiies -1 intii) rj sbo :(ou 400 , Llutila of t/u: CotrtUfUfia^i- I^nipire at t/w a./-res.^i£m of OmJ-Urrui^ne yZitnits- of the Otj\^lUjg ion Empire nj t}ud^%ih. of auiAfmagne^ —hs ^^9 ^ V " fiErnp uv _^ ^Ufhlartdi over 3000 F' , ■ . from 1200 WOO. JiUptands aOO 1200, J^tmhmcLi . - fiOO 1^ MimAMMED^JCf ^ I DOMINK >-\S in ASlAJJ 'eo <^*:^rt^e-Sk3Sip SaSarvl^ Ih^txiS^o^ S^imq^laoallTi^S&it^. ~.i ^ '^^ \ 7 in Q 4^ ■ WC ^ f p S \ -Ikr -^--^ ^^^ ^%\ v^ X ■?. .-*-' *?^ /6 fe IVr "V^ Vl ^ O *V ^ %. ( W/P •«^' -i^^ 5^ r::^; t4't % %t^ ^ I W\ ifs:^- O Bi ' q -<|4. 0^ c^ 1^ "-ra rt rt 1*^ rii rJ ■ 0S < J % [4 H :;^:§ '<.<5)^ v-^ 'le^ i> '-^\ (^ « —. ^ 133 '5 1 1 .gill ll- W DUCD i^ftjiytf Ttiihp Jb SiTtlI^ Ihs L.-jt from Gre^nf-tdh £ast ^om Greenwich 2 R T H SEA J oBrvffe^ COtTNTY Oi ^J^ AND Elf S HIEU U?^- fi)& rM% (Tti:. V^- 44 ^th«J Ze Mnn^ r~^i j yi S ^^^ cAn^OTs! "V*^ "''y ^ % ; PiH?<33^ p o ^ a; ^ •La RacheUe rOURAINE/ cAnlwCTp ^^^1*^1^ 'JiL^ilur O M -\ ^. ^':^.' fflep B O XJ RJ 5 \u o-w-v c. rt ^ s \ZaHgre: Aiitim 48 I ■^ Ci., J?^t^M01 A) pordeaii] ;^^ ,B%y#7^''iT^n^'"^' 0) ^-'"^1 W^,: r,;„,.l„„„J ^^ ^ T\ e llllUAV ri'.VteOl. / \ N jjS iJmmthirv 'Il hiuirf ,, Itii\iil Ihijiiiiirt _ „ of lUii'ifitnily • illuililimibi n\i-r mxxif nktlJJiil'-s-!mchj \\ T -Mi:! □ Landx ••ftJieSnu-t" h^j.j , . JiousrirfOHeaiu \^ 1 .SousfoiAnfi-'u 1 ^^ „ Otmia of Bourbon \ \....SmrioO(av.iur I IP^alAOuirdi $aarve^FfiihfiS>ScnI^IheZc-n3cn ^o.-^-zr'a^ ^ I TALY about GOO AD. Scale 1:5.0 00.000 (80 nulesamcli) Eivg hsKMtles o so lOO ■;'<4^. 's^; r^ Lomharxi TtrrUorieA- OOk^'Lands owed a ivui ot nornintil aHeffiaiwt' to tht: Eastern Ejnpire- Ihohlinuls ovpj' :iOOOf'^ .. fnmi 1700 3000 „ I nlimds .. H00-7?fX>.. iJfjwlajtds. - 600 .. g*(w>^eIfaVpJt,^-u7tI^II\*lf»yf\i,-l'hitii> & S^ L*-' lh^Umii.jn Ja7..jf\ff7uiajJ Vt«b!u.- 20 nite ( 7 11 THE GROWTH OF '^utt:^^''^'^y^ i--~^ /BRANDENBURG- l^.hV^'-U^X J^ /' PRUSSIA *:fnit«' ^"'''" ) \i ,/ J JV"J«Ew\scalelG.OO0,000(liJ(liirik-sliii.-lLJ English MlI^s 'itrembt ^(Hiuutz[ R r BrtuulcThbur-ff in 1440 Artjuism^ns 24 40 -JCOFt leiia -1624 „ njidfr tlii^ GreotTHIfctor r— 1 , .. Fr.;!, in hi, in,! „ UTt^er l''r,.l,ti,'l.- th'- irreiit Tr<-'l,trnLWIh,mtn ,,:>jy> SecotuLFart-riiott otF,'l-jnil ^ Third .V ( ' /; •/• 1/ S E A S i E A HiAiliui-..^ SCHWERIN WE S T N I A\p RU SlSIA r / / J E A S R U S I„ 'A 1^' -^ ;^' %_ rMiili,; ,B RAN D E TS'Vg U R G Warjiaw ^Tttn/ati ainr/flll HE3SI ^^ovi^Er^^"0r^f^ r-^'^- Ji'itzr-n fASSAul-X [S* w m- It s s ik-^ »«ls ..' /,v.v.," .S,ltwi'lnUr,r Tfll-. r.ROWTHOF PRUSSIA b. S.i.l<-l('\it(HMHli)IUH)iiiiles-luirh) Hn.il>i*h MiU'K ^'f'll,i/;^rfll.y. 1 ! l,,:,lynfTll.^il W07 ' -J Tn^fv orV7riilm Pll^ £(ij«f fiwm W GrcmiHw/i. J i;ti»Tg«JVdlipJCtSMiJ.^Ihai.i»'J^ GM/jru/jhiAil Inaatuta c^^-;_;7'ltC^^\^'>v J^o.st from, .10 GreetvwLch- J.im. •^.^^uf ^"'"X V""-;- ^:;k^ '■•-, 1 I^^'^ \"l'l ^OF TYROL o«/7.im,^^0ARINTHIA f so AR(pHDUCHV rRi .Riiilal^ipRtJ (-^ ■A ^ "^ llAluit. TR> GROWTH nt'llic ~1 HABSBURG -^V' VjM^'^'''^'^'" DOMINIONS ^r«<'¥:-y- Scale 1:10,000,0(10 ( UlOniU-'s -liuoh) y 50 lUO ISO ro.vy,w.fions ot'thf U.ihsbunjs in 1262 ..Lun.ls a<:quir,:d b,±>vfc/i J2S2 A 1S21 15:'l&yi50 ii:so JtiToo 1700 K-liiOl 1801 A isi:> Lart'ls peiTtuttu-itllv mtutitain^d are A'liown in ftattirUs ot'coloiirjnnih' suhyeqncJlt -ly lost.iJi banj1.<; \> BANAT or' ''C'^ai "■,'"'/iRi4-¥r*"« teme svab. ili5 — f-Bwi'sroT, . CRA10VA\1- p,„-K/i«-" '"/;; W'V),?,. VTUSCAViiij J <\ ^ M 1814 - IBIiO Siinaf ^Pcnigia ■'"■^ \b S J^ I A V VT s J. jA V I A /p -a \£^""'^ :;t>(i .'iOO 30 }ua..9t fj\>ni 35 fiTemv^'ivlr ■D IfTi /t ; I I \ .. .. .. i'/oJ 1520-lS6ii t i ^ 54:^ ~]-f31 I 1 u> 1063 Y^ I 1 - Selitit 1. 1.^12'15'jO Deprndent xtalfs ore «/i ^^ T<-'> ' ' 'mW. sm/dl fjiun.\ tif Bojazet Rj In haiuls oicitiMir. .. V* ^_ i <.fi. }TyfV>n'hf'M.\\-nl¥2hei,Ji-^l'n i;^:'fr\Tf'lth'"J Ititftrtlil^. sele^J 150 BRITAIN o]7U i <• (IT"*^ -^"^a' 1 ENGLAND .,. ■* /\ ii>j*ii>/?i/«* I II* III'' ^ T\ ^ V, S EngUsKimet SH CHANNEL E N O L i S H '■ H A y X E I /Man c "^ "^=57-^ ENGLAND ! IC/ ? at ilie TliEATi' orWKDMORE OK cuirrExii.vM 5* Ff B. I S H sJe A W-^ \ MancJwxterj Ang'lese'ir S.';d.- 1-0,000.000 aoOiniles=linch)j [j Eni}Iis?tMtic-x N O R T Ul SEA ENGLAND on t Lf- e vi' of rh* ^ NOK>L\>' CO>'QlTE.ST S^-aif tCl'UO.OtK) (lOUmik-s Imti^' ^l^L t S Ji^^ ^ y I R I Au^«^ ,^v /f .^*v-*i ■ r- >' O R T H ^oK^ ^W ENGLISH C H A !n N E L S0|bz:_r^ West ij-om. 2 GT€ttt.t\'ich ENGLjLSH CHA N N E L 50 T(%*t ircmv . 2 Greenwu^ ^A^&ItBTip J^Sffn-^^Ihft^mdiiyi Sac^fntpkia^ 2r:^ti£uz&- 26 Wiyxt from -\: Or'rrnmfh EtJ-tt ir-ont- -t tnvrjiivieJi ENGLAND ' iiikI Iii-i- IVs'AUKiiS i iii the Xi; '.' C KMlTiV 1 Scale 1.8,000l000Q30mil.s-linoli / A 'f L A •^' T r () '^ t A X- Sl..-ll:,,„l/)f?" 1? viT 'Srv I? ^ w L u^^ HaiHlaageiteovi If 4,; .^Utvari;t''''i ■VV- R n 2In1j fJnl-lfn A 01,0*1,101, /(..ii'ifi' -& I ^.w,, 'J (i4iOFea.(I00Fnth U~—\ ..ifOOr>oo0Fr»'i llflOoHiJh< Ittfulu uihIci- dit^'^t mlr. nf t'antiti-.. „ JN it HfM A N l> Y />-sXi iv'-/^ 1^ ^^B W'- f/rc'// Fn/ihnh Kni'ldoni.v \ the. f'tvUi'MHor. I ^^ 77((: //i^/A« at Wdhttm at' I ipPiP S'it .nani{y^- tiirrrlliiilr ^ l^:.. ^ -■ W'-*A 52 r-n 7 o_ - I^' J o;;i.»'«n<-<" 4B . .AwvcKci'^ Jt6Vni('' PifCjfuli^i ik^f^m^hiivl hurrnti*. MEDIAEVAL ENGLAND &WALES Scalel:2,50O,0OO(40iuilc.s-l uk-Ji t Hnyli.sh A/iU's o ii> -20 .30 -JO So O HoiiiiiifhA- /i'/t/rni/ni Mf/ii/K'r.t to /'offinni'fit ® fi'irmiif/iy with Cnslk-^ Tlte dnquo foils ni-e undviiiin-H in hind; s if- -a, p] 27 (iiittihoioitijh. I ■<■/.• ,i-hriilfi<- lAtinate) or 53 Corfwrrtfijuth -, Cumbrian A,--" -. • \ ,, V H i 1 1 s ^' ^ ^JUayuit'i I ^/tn'-.v ^fti'hmonil Yorlt Moors V O jYocf /i a/fft"(»n t"; 't In o b 'loH'on 7Lni,vnJtcr[ ( IRIS H f^JUpmi K^TIiirsl,' \Y 6'*R K SSH I R E MoreL-- JYidri'ShoroiniR ^^■(.H; E A IV.VA.V 7;m./„„^ York Wolds /I.wv/rv .V U/V/r/« ^ ,.5r<- W^iH A. 'Snjowdirt,, 4w^ao i?'*« /V ' Cardigan -5,r- /^ M-rir>,!^„^ I /fn^^'% ^iCOUNTY PALATINE I OFg CHESTER E X B Y/ I \^ /nottingh Lincohi fTlXp O Li N ,, , Dirbyd i.T,ilb'nry No^ij Lich^pld Wasi ; '^^ ?r ■ NORFOLK SHROPSHIRE ■ firi'iifrtoitfti [ Jujfl'ff'/wJ/i.sh /.fouiin%f^j* \Carditfii. ftUVrtAA^ % J.lon_d(i^'ct^ jl'T'-rn OlvtiiartJt^ti b M A ^B^a-co ■^. t .«#K at, B\a'^ Br 1 s 1 ^AnjKW'^-' :0"t4>j,. Q ■ \ y«, . 'j -ftOHTmSIlO. ^^T^L.i2?.f^^-"jl^±^%f^a?i)^ ESSEX r r OLK fWi.r ^' inWi t LojiAon a!6(UVf^yyy//r\ S M E^ TtfKnttifie Tori-in/jton SMoiton Tiverton * rp S H I R eP-"!"^ ^__t>tn^''fld«^ rH.rsmfif ° " TS. „?..,.?..„ SEX f^.v/^^ Sandwich^ t-.s^i/-^.' K.E N T t- n r«illi-l'bi 8. "'.V ETl/C/vfw ft h' .-S^H 51 Romney iau/«?^. .^n" D iE V 0--(n DaVtyn o o r JIoniM ^If/ji^horH } » ^ o ^V-'- Mi V V ,^0 Ta\nytiitl! Lf-tl^ard HfUUm r llVli'f' =>^, oA.ifiJbtij-lon fitl-lnintlt/t J5^ ft S E^ E N Ct L! I S ^aj^; A X N F, 1., i It^s/ /^rom Greenwie^i O ^a*^ ft'w?i Gi-eenwich. •^-■i^irli/: X--'cr.Z'r^ ~i- i.-v..".-, Ja^ynn'tejiZ &i>r"''i:Xir ?i^i,i-3 Uintis unil/TJircct mtn-'iCllfjuylL. ; j iojulj owi/uj SiLtrnfin^- to him . - ■! !-■■ hthdn aujidr^d or tjmriufl thr^iiufh Eho/wr u( 'ytquittthiv . ^ .. . i /Jorruiina of r/i/: /ffruji Crown'. lrt).iiy c Tlii'Hp A Sun L'^^ Pu>1ji\Ji.'H iJaj^iMphiAil Itifilttit*. 29 O Xast frr>nt 2 Grtxnwich. 4 -H;^ FRANCE at Ih.- PEACE OF jiiu:ti(;ny. l.WO Sool.- 1 O.ODCMXlfP .i:>l).mjji^5-lljicl>j O fiO iOO IfiO O East from 2 GreetuvirJL A;,,,. C to- a A a e 1 s„„. NORMANDY "\^is -f "v ^ , /!,;.,„:,p — ■ MA i'n E /i„„j._orU-;M.>.'£!v*'''"-';/^/=(,-,V^ ' BAY O Najcni □ B I S C A FRANCE in 1429 SL-aiL- 1 flflOO.OOO '1 JOii)ili;s-IJiicii.' I SO 100 Lands ccdc-d h' Eiujiixiul.it \ Tjj r~] Bu-rfjunduin Lands N\ TreatxofBretigny. ^ , . " ITI, F(>,yC campaign, of I IiUdnim' inarch ro CaliUs. j?«f./-v K □ ibti«ft« created 6v Edward I bv the -i-n ■ . BH Principality of &tv\-nedd or ]^o^^h^'*'ales. ^,J|[ li-iticiptility of^onJiWaJcs at its Hideft iM-t^nt J2€7 ^^ (Landit ufieoloured wa-e CasUes r -i-Ualton -| ■ COUNTY FALATIT^E \ ! n. ^^ Firtlio ^ d. i TH E SCOTTISH BORDERS t Tay .S^;aI^ 1 i;.5'X>.oOu.-K»miles=iioob) ( ^ Jititxrhisc of ^^^ Bishopric of Ihaiuoii.. * fasflcji . of Mar !:i^ Nj R T H Fall-irk^ "> JLijiiiJ^UfOwr ^UUNfflGHAM "^^^^ Sy^rA- . * * Wales & me marches ill tlie Xlll*** ("cutiiry Scale 1:2.&OO.OUO i 40.uulL-s-llut;h.J English Miles j-wick upon Tweed Ha/ttburtjh i}imstanburgh R I S H S El A We^t from 4 GreerLwich Cum briari 'Hills 7^/^ / -::,\~^4^ ^/,fo„A,^\^--^ IVtvST fioJn 3 *?^xt.viu7cA vAjracJfdlip £> San,Z^ Ihf- ZcmS^'n i^wj-juTiiiil 2n^tisj2a- ^ ENGLBB BIOCESEifl' " "ta'^ Anjflo Saxou Period inMtff^ fliittp S> liV/Li^' J7i.' ItjiiJ'^t /^*^>iy(v/7n7i>; A,i>i I'if Th' L^miLni /tojfinffhi.yil tiiJiL'itn.f. .■8 Jinatisti ond Irish Ctwtdies retzirned. Z nwjnbvrn t\wh {ybrknkO-K yefxirncA 'f m^mbcrAi fhoni ISZl in IS3^). Scotch nnd WcMi- Counties I'eltu-nM^ I rnetahev I'aah fexct'pt Cromarty an/i Nairn. Laithm'fi .:ti\d Huie, KiiU'oss ond Clacknmnnan.. y^-r^i'dt took rnrns in elerf(n/i a nfmhep}. DoronnhH retiifnmq Z nwrnbers to tAe I^U'Uanhent of ifie flK. hrfoiH- IS3Z.. thus • /lomn^/hjt /•eturrujifj 1 miinUx-r, thus ^ ■-■ o Sco/e/i tutd, We/,v/i horon/>.? ri>^mhfr. /n.mlM th^ ''«''- aiiijhs ofeufh ooiui/,y were grouped io !>,^iurn I member^ [In S<:iHl'^l'd ouffhti Irish /tofOt/4j/uf dt.tfra/iehJsed al i/t*i Vrdni ilHch.iha liniibsh Bot-ouiihs whidi kepi 2 Stvitif nlhf i}ie' Mcfbnnh Act af JB^Z. thuH Uc^voiusLle Knnlish- Boi-ntiqh.s wliich iieptl Sffit I ar\'j- JfiSZ\ tJm-rf (71 mSZ.thits Appleby Scottish CoiinLJcs I AbfnW 5 H^T^vick e Buff (ia.Cai^hfiCJt^ 7 Cttu-k/ium/iori 8 Criirnnr/y 9 Ifunihartofi 10 lhunihii:s U EtUnbiimb 12 -£■// 13 r>:i' i^ihiilir 15 MaddirxiitofL Tht: flqiiivg iifier the Coiaif^y najtuui .*jiv^ 'Ae , tntal nimihi'i' of rm-mhfrii obt^ixl by a, Cfumi^y luul thi: liormifflm wiOdn- it. 'Z\ LinvfilfL '\3.) ZZ }n 2H XfMlutmhtftiwd- ^f^ 2" Suitinghim *8j 21'. O.r/op(/. '9) 211 JUillitnd '%) S(( Shf'l^liJn'-yi) M Somersfl 16J ?.2 Staf>i.rii '^W ?:.'. SutYolh 'J*J aft suMJi^r ''aj) :V'> Warwirk 'H; . 37 WI'HtmoHaiut <:4r> 3ft Wilfhuv (My 31* W'hro'Jiler TO) 40 yhi-taihW (32) OUItt3«' S 47 nirU, <2) 4H Q!mnorgqn.''£s SO MfiiUionver^'^t.^ itutbJ UNITED KINGDOM P.MtLIAMKNTAIA' HKPKKS KNTATION BKI'ORE 183:: Seal'- I; 1 M^O.ono 7.'*'ii±iJ<'S - 1 mch. HiulLiftli Miles ilvoftU 'West fhcm 4 Grecnwieh r^t^dJulif- > -A:^Ti:pkL\ij. in^tiZiti 41 ^1 42 ^ .^: Hp^iari^ -? J^Jpi <%4 SaH^ ^ Oi ^^^P^^ r 1— < ,. £f ''^^ P K4 ^^^^^-^S-Tr •/) [^ - ^- -^^^^iS cbSiS |<-| ^^^ <2=!5 ? ffli = 1^ ^ - ^ ;^- J ^ i^- Pi = g ^ P 04 : 1 "■ ^1^^ o t r^. ./- ^ y\j y- 1 / Y' V ^f -^ \ •»/ >>.' ^i M; '•^ \'A $/ 1 l"^ \ . =:( ^ ^V >^ ^ J q ..^^ '/.\> ^^ A *i?< ^- ^-A. 43 ;? |.^= .J 44 I til ^ 30 TKwt of 20 GrcawicJt 10 vrq.^F'iSui t. 0.'.i. If' ni^if/u/on (;Ai^ft7>?o.\ii In^Vtut,* w. WM