NUGiE CHIRURGICiE OR, A BIOGRAPHICAL MISCELLANY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF A COLLECTION rofes^ional Bortvaits* Bv WILLIAM WADD, ESQ. F.L.S. SURGEON EXTRAORDINARY TO THE KING, ♦ FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, LONDON, AND OF THE SOCIETE DE MEDECINE, PARIS. XonDon : PRINTED BY JOHN NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; AND SOLD BY LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN, PATERNOSTER ROW; AND CALLOW AND WILSON, PRINCES STREET, SOHO. 1824. I PREFACE. The following pages owe their origin to a collec- tion of Professional Portraits, the nucleus of which was a set of prints, given to the author ten years ago, by his excellent friend Mr. Fauntleroy, of Berners Street, and which, from that period, has been a source of amusement, by furnishing a desul- tory occupation for his pencil, as well as for his pen, at leisure hours. A catalogue is the natural result of a collec- tion, and as the latter has increased, the former keeping pace with it has grown till it has become respectable, at least in size, if not rendered inter- esting by some curious and facetious anecdotes with which it is interspersed. In the compilation of this work, it has been the author's endeavour to blend the " utile " with the " dulce;" and he has at least succeeded, so far as regards himself, in acquiring an acquaintance with the Medici family (not Mr. Roscoe's *), and has familiarised himself both with the learned and the ignorant, the regulars and the irregulars, of his pro- fession ; in short, with what may be denominated the Republic of Medicine : for he has looked at them * It is a fact worthy of notice, that the House of Medici bear on their coat of arms five pills. Wlio knows but that this illus- trious family, and consequently the revival of learning in Europe, may have owed their origin to some medical man of antiquity ? A 2 11 PREFACE. till he could identify the very wigs ^ that would have met together in a consultation, from the time of Radcliflfe and Garth down to Pitcairn and Fo- thergill. And here the author would fain deprecate, in the words of Andrew Borde, the anger of those " Egregious doctors, and masters of the eximious and arcane science of Physic," who might other- wise " exasperate themselves against him for writing of this little volume," by stating, that he has re- frained from descanting upon the merits of living characters, further than by transcribing in some few instances, the testimony that others have borne to their worth and abilities. Should the author succeed in this humble attempt ; should he, by means of this work, or any future con- tinuation of it, rescue from " dumb forgetfulness " even a few of those who have been comprehended within the circle of his own personal acquaintance ; or should the subject attract the attention of others better qualified than himself to do justice to the moral worth and intellectual endowments of the most useful class of men of science and literature, he will not consider either that his time has been ill employed, or that his office has been altogether unprofitable. * The wig, in former times, was looked upon as no incon- siderable part of the insignia of the Physician j even in the middle of the last century so much importance was attached to it, that Dr. Brocklesby's barber's boy was accustomed to carry a band-box through high 'change, exclaiming, " Make way for Dr. Brocklesby's wig !" MEMOIRS, MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL. ABEKNETHY, JOHN, F.R.S. Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. ABRAHAMS, GALENUS. M. Mascher pinx. P. Van Gaust sc. Born 1622. Died 17 06. ACADEMIA DI CIMENTO. PORTRAITS. ADAIR, ROBERT, Esq. F. J. Abbot pinx. J. Jones sc. 1791. Surgeon to the forces at the siege of Quebec. ADAMS, JOS. M.D. Physician to the Small Pox & Inoculation Hospitals. W. IVadd ad vivum del. 17 96. Born 1756*. Died 1818. The youngest son of a respectable medical prac- titioner in the city, and may be said to have entered into, and continued in the world, for threescore years, in a constant and familiar intercourse with every possible appendage to the healing art ; hos- B pitals and lecture- rooms were the scene of action with him from the cradle to the grave. Influenced, however, botli by a love and taste for classical litera- ture, he aimed at the higher branches of the pro- fession, and, in IjgG, he obtained a diploma, and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phv- sicians. He was an excellent Physician, an accomplished scholar, and a good man. ADAMS, JOHN TILL, M.D. Silhouette by Ames. Born 1748. Died ljS6. ^GINETA, PAULUS. Wood cut. He flourished in the fourth century ; is the first author that notices the cathartic quality of rhubarb ; and the first medical practitioner that deserves the title of Man-midwife. British Museum. AGRICOLA, G. Wood cut. Born 1494. Died 1555. Hutchinson s Biog. — British Museum. AGRICOLA, JOHAN. iEtat. 54, 1643. Med. Doctor Practicus Lipsiensis. Hutchinson's Biog. AGRICOLA, GEORG. ANDREAS. ^tat. 41, 1711. Ch. Lud. Agricola pinx. Barnard Vogel sc. AIKIN, JOHN, M.D. J. Donaldso7i pinx. C. Knight sc. Born 1747. Died 1822. An. Biog. Gent. Mag. vol. xciii. AINSLIE, HENRY, M.D. T. Stewardson pinx. W. Ward, A. R. sc, Mezzotinto. Private Plate. AKENSIDE, MARK, M.D. A. Pond pinx. 1754. E. Fisher sc. 1770. Born 1721. Died I770. Gent. Mag. vol. xlvi. ALBERTI, MICHAEL. Gal. Spizel pinx. J. J. Haid sc. Mez. Born 1682. Died 1757. ALBINUS, BERNARDUS SIEGFRIED. Car. de Moor pinx. J. Honhraken sc. Born 1683. Died 1762. Hutchinson's Biog. ALDERSON, JAMES, M.D. Opie del. Mrs. Dawson Turner sc. From a drawing by Opie, the only one of the kind he ever drew. He was the father of Mrs. Opie. 4 ALDINI, JOHN. Violet del. Schiavonettl sc. 1803. Professor of the University of Bologna. The eminent illustrator of the discovery of Galvani. ALDIS, CHARLES. T. Wageman del. et sc. 1800. ALDROVANDUS, ULYSSES. Professor of Physic at Bologna. iEtat. 73. Born 1599- Died 1665. Hutchinson's Biog. ALEXANDRINUS, JUL. Wood cut. ALGHIZI, THOMAS. A celebrated Lythotomist of Florence, born l66g, and died I713, of an accident while shooting, his piece having burst, which carried off his left hand. He applied himself chiefly to operations for the stone, which he frequently performed with great success, particularly in the case of Pope Clement XL ALLEN, JOSEPH, M. D. G. Romney pinx. C. Townley sc. Died Jan. I796. ^tat. 83. Gent. Mag. ALLEN, .JOHAN, M.D. G. Vander Gucht, 1729. Died 1742. ALPINUS, PROSPER. K. Blochhaiiyseu, sc. Born 1553. Died 1617. Medical Teacher at Padua, and the first who formed Botany into a regular science. Hutchinson's Biog. ANDERNAC, JO. GUINTERI. Born 1487. Died 1574. ANDERSON, JOHN, M. D. Died 1804. He wrote on Sea-water Bathing 1785. Gent. Mag. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. IX. 186. ANDREWS, JAMES, M. D. Physician at Madras. Died 1814. Fide Gent. Mag. ANDRY, NICHOLAS. A French Physician, Professor of the Royal College, and, in 1724, Dean of the Faculty. He reserved to the faculty the right of inspecting sur- gery, and made a law that no Surgeon should per- form the operation of Lythotomy, unless in the presence of a physician. Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 6 ANTONIUS, JOHANNUS. T. Cross sc. Londinensis Medicinse Doctor, ^tat. 70, I623. Born 1550. Died 1623. It is probable that this print was done for Doctor Francis Anthony, the inventor of the Aurum Pata- bile, which was for some time cried up as a panacea, and which he presented to the world as such. ARBUTHNOT, JOHN, M.D. F.R.S. Physician to Queen Anne. Died 1735. Engraved from a scarce print in the collection of Sir William Musgrave, Bart. He was inferior to none in learning and genuine humour, and his benevolence was equal to his wit. ARCHER, JOHN. Medicus in Ordinario Regi. Physician to Charles H. He was author of " Every Man his own Physician, &c." printed for himself, I673, 8vo. To this are subjoined a Trea- tise on Melancholy, and a compendious Herbal. He seems to have been of such an epicurean taste as was perfectly adapted to the court and character of Charles, having in the first of these works placed the sixth sense at the head of the other five. ARCHER, EDWARD, M.D. Pine pinx. Kingsbury sc. Forty-two years Physician to the Small Pox Hospital. Died 1789. Gent. Mag. 1789, p. 373. Beloe's Artec. Lit. ARET^US. Wood cut. A Physician of Cappadocia. ARGENTIUS, JOHAN. Medicinae Professor Taurin. ARMSTRONG, JOHN, M.D. Sir Josh. Reynolds pinx. E, Fisher sc. Died 1779. Hutchinson's Biog. ARNAUD DE RONSIL, GEORGE. A Surgeon of eminence in London, was a native of France, and a member of the Academy of Surgery at Paris. He published several works, particularly on Ruptures 1749, in two vols. *' Observations on Aneurisms," I76O, and " Familiar Instructions on the Diseases of the Bladder," 17 63. "A Discourse on the Importance of Anatomy," delivered at Sur- geon's Hall, Jan. 21, 1767. His principal work appeared in lj68, entititled, " Memoires de Chi- rurgie, avec des Remarques sur I'etat de la Medicine et de la Chirurgie en France et en Angleterre," two vols. 4to. ARNAUD, ROLAND PAUL. Chirurgien du Roi. Died 1723. .-^tat. 60. ARNOLD, THOMAS, M.D. G. Ralph phix. 1793. F. Legat sc. Fellow of the Royal College, Edinburgh. ASH, JOHN, M.D. Sir Josh. Reynolds pinx. Bartolozzi sc. 179I. ASKEW, ANT. M.D. Hodgetts sc. Died 1774. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. III. p. 494. ASTRUC. C. Momiel. L. Halhon sc. Born 1684. Died 1766. Hutchinson's Biog. ATKINS, JOHN. Surgeon. Died December 1757- ^Etat 73. He published the Navy Surgeon, and Voyages to Africa. Lysons, vol. 11. 739. Qu. Was this a descendant of Henry Atkins, Physician to James I. who, according to Lysons, vol. I. p. 117, purchased the manor of Clapham, for the sum of ^6,000. which money is said to have been the produce of presents bestowed on him 9 by the King, after his return from Scotland, whither he had been sent to attend Charles I. then an infant, when dangerously ill of a fever ? ATKINS, WILLIAM. The Gout Doctor. 1694. " Who for Gouts, Rheumatisms, Palsey, and Con- vulsions, and all pains in any parts, exceedeth all men, both for safest and speediest cures," as appears by his book. Noble, vol. I. ATKINSON. A respectable Apothecary in Pall Mall I779. Died 1802. AVICENNA, ABOALIS. A celebrated Physician among the Mahomedans, was born about the year 9 80. A story is told of his discovering the concealed love of a young patient, similar to one related of Erasistratus, who made the like discovery in Anti- ochus, the son of Seleucus. He died in 103(). BABINGTON, WILLIAM, M.D. Medley pinx. N. Branwhite, sc. BAGLIVIUS, GEORGIUS. C. Maratt del. C. Duplos sc. Born 16GS. Died 1706. 10 BAILLIE, MATTHEW, M.D. «/. Hoppner pinx. C. Turner sc. 1809. Private Plate. BAKER, JOHN. J. Hop wood del. A Private Print lithographed by Hullmandell. Master of the Apothecaries Company l822. He was the second son of Mr. William Baker (a man of amiable character and manners, of great classical and mathematical learning, and more than 4O years master of an academy at Reading), and younger brother of Mr. William Baker, a learned printer of London, author of " Peregrinations of the Mind," &c. (of whom see Nichols's '' Literary Anecdotes," vol. UL p. 716.) John Baker was born at Reading, 1748, and being destined to the practice of medi- cine, was apprenticed to an Apothecary in Salisbury Square, whom he succeeded in business in 1773, which he carried on with great respectability for 30 years. He retired from business in 1803, and is now resident at Hampstead. BAKER, SIR GEORGE. Chemist 1599. BAKER, SIR GEORGE, Bart. M.D. Ozins Humphrey, R.A. pinx. J. Singleton sc. Private Plate. Died 1809. ^tat. 88. Nichols's Lit. Anec, vol. III. p. 71- 11 BANCROFT, Dr. Medley pinx. N. Branwhite ac. Vide Med. Soc. BANCROFT, JOHN, Surgeon. He had a good deal of practice among the young- wits and frequenters of the theatres, from whom he acquired a passion for the Muses, and an inchnation to signaHze himself in their service ; in consequence of which he made two essays in the dramatic way, Sertorius, a Tragedy, l6jg, 4to. Henry II. a Tra- gedy, 1693, 4to. Coxeter attributes another play to this author, which, however, he says, he made a present, both of the reputation and the profit, to Mountfort the player, whom he attended when stabbed by Lord Mohun. It was entitled Edward III. 169I. He died in the year 1606, and lies buried in St. Paul's Covent Garden. BAPTISTA, JOHAN. Wood cut. BARRATT, WILLIAM. A native of Somersetshire, who settled at Bristol as a Surgeon, and for 20 years made a collection for the history of that city. The work was published in 4to. 1788, and the author died the next year. He was interested much in the Chattertonian controversy, as he was one of the earliest friends of that unfortu- nate youth. 12 BARICELTUS, JULIUS CASPAR. JVIedicinae Doctor, ^tat. 40. Felix Paduan. BAHROWBY, WILLIAM, M.D. T. Jenkins pinx. J. S. Miller sc. Died about 1750. Noble, vol. III. BARL^US, CASPAR, M.D. D. Bailly del W. Delff sc, 1625. ^tat. 41. Granger, vol. IV. p. 20. BARTHOLIN I, THOMAS. C. Fan Mander pinx. Jonas Suiderhoef sc. Died 1680. In investigating the ancient doctrines of digestion, it fell to the lot of Bartholin to discover, by his injections, the lacteal vessels. To him likewise is the honor of having first explored the circulation of the lymph. BARWICK, PETRUS, M.D. Serenissimo Regi Carolo II, e Medicis Ordinariis. G. Fertue sc. Born 1619, at Weterslock in Westmoreland ; died 1705. He was burnt out from St. Paul's Church- yard at the time of the great fire, where he had resided all the time of the plague. Hutchinson s Biog. IS BASTWICK, JOHN. In complete armour; a shield with his right hand and a bible in his left : on the shield is inscribed, " I fight the good fight of faith." " Here stands one armed, who hath Truth's cause maintained, 'Gainst Error's captains, forces, vaunts, high boasts ; God's word his weapon, inight and strength he gained, To rout them all, from the great Lord of Hosts." Bastwick seems to have been too intent upon the reformation of government and religion, to have attended much to his profession. He wrote chiefly in polemics. BATHUR8T, RALPH. Born 1620. Died 1704. A Physician, Poet, and Divine. Hutchinson s Biog. BATE, GEORGE, M.D. Physician to Charles I. Oliver Cromwell, and Charles H. BATTIE, WILLIAM, M.D. Born 1704; was intended for the profession of the law. A fair opening for a Physician happening at Uxbridge, induced him to settle in that quarter. At his first coming there, the Provost of Eton, Dr. Godolphin, sent his coach and four for him, as his patient ; but the Doctor sitting down to write a prescription, the Provost, raising up himself, said, " You need not trouble yourself to write ; I only 14 sent for you to give you some credit in the neigh- bourhood." He was afterwards Physician to St. Luke's Hos- pital, which he resigned in 1764- Died June I776. Buried at Kingston upon Thames. BAUCH, JEAN LAURENT, M.D. ^tat 60. J. Sandrart sc. Born 1605. Died 1665. His works are not of much importance, but he greatly contributed to the advancement of science, by the estabhshment of the Academy " Des Cu- rieux de la Nature," of which he was the first Presi- dent. The Academy was founded in I652, with the intention of directing; the labours of the most famed physicians of that time towards one common end, that of making researches concerning medical subjects. To give an idea of the manner in which he wished these enquiries to be pursued, Bauch published, in 1665, a dissertation upon two curious stones, to which he added another, '* De Sanguine." He died in the same year, and left in manuscript another dissertation, which was published three years afterwards. The Society was not dissolved by the death of its founder, but it was not before the year 167O that the first volume of its Memoirs was published, under the title of " Miscellanea Aca- demi'JE natura curiosorum, sen Ephemerides medico- physicae," Leipsic, in 4to. ; it contained three decades. 15 This volume was also printed at Paris. Ten cen- turies were published in succession; and, at length, four volumes, under the title of Nova Acta. BAUHINUS, CASPAR. Anatomicus Professor. J. Theo. de Bry sc. 166!-) JEtdit 45- Born at Basil I560. Hutchinson s Biog. BAULOAT, or BEAULIEU, JAMES. A Lythotomist, born of obscure parents in Franchecompt^. He served in a regiment of ca- valry, till he formed an acquaintance with an empi- rical Surgeon called Paulowni. After five or six years of instruction he began to practise for himself, and he travelled over different parts of France, and to Geneva, and Amsterdam, with the boldness of an enthusiast. He used to neglect his patients after the oj)eration, adding, " I have extracted the stone, God will cure the wound." His success was such, that at Amsterdam the magistrates, in gratitude for his services, had his portrait engraved and a medal struck. His method was adopted by Cheselden, with such unusual success, that it was called the English operation, though the invention belonged to the French. He died 17 20, aged 6q. His life was written by Vacher, 1757, 12mo. 16 BAYFIELD, ROBERT, 1(754 iEtat. 25. Fine impression. Faithorne sc. He published " Tractatus de Tumoribus praeter naturam," 1662. Grainger, vol. III. BEAUMONT, JOHN, Esq. F. Gerard pinx. J. Basire sc. Registrar of the Royal Humane Society. This venerable and worthy man was descended from that ancient and respectable family the Beaumonts of Whitley in Yorkshire, was bred to the profession of his father, an eminent Apothecary in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, and commenced business in 1758, in Villiers Street, in the Strand. He was one of the first members who associated with Dr. Hawes and Dr. Cogan, in the formation of the Humane Society. Modest and unassuming in his general habits of life, Mr. Beaumont never was ambitious or anxious to become a popular character, but con- fined himself to the practice of his profession'; which he pursued, with the strictest punctuality and integrity, for the very long period of 56 years. He died in 1814, aged 81. BECKET, WILLIAM, F.R.S. Chirurgeon. Scarce. R. Parr. Prefixed to his "Chirurgical Observations," 1740,8 vo. Mr. Becket, a Surgeon of eminence at Abingdon, Berks, wrote " Practical Surgery Illustrated and 17 Improved ; being Cliirurgical Observations, with Remarks upon the most extraordinary Cases, Cures, and Dissertations, made at St. Thomas's Hospital, Southwark," I740, 8vo. In his Treatise on the Venereal Disease, he asserts it is the same disorder as that formerly called the leprosy, but this idea is now generally exploded. He presented to the Royal Society (of which he was a member) several of the papers which compose part of their Transactions. This Surgeon thought proper to write " A free and impartial Enquiry into the Antiquity and Efficacy of Touching for the Evil," addressed, in two letters, to Dr. Skeigutcht, and Sir Hans Sloane, in 1722, to confute the supposed supernatural power of the Pretender. He died in 1 738. BECANUS, J. G. Wood cut. British Museum. BEDDOES, THOMAS, M. D. W. W. del. Died 1808. BELCHIEK, JOHN. Surgeon. Humphries pinx. H'alker sc. Was born at Kingston, Surrey, and, after an Eton education, was put apprentice to Clieselden. Perse- verance rendered him eminent in his profession, and, in his 30th year, lie succeeded Craddock as Surgeon in (iuy's Hospital. In this employment, D unlike the mercenary practitioners of the times, lie considered not the emoluments of his office, but the character of his station, and treated with unwearied humanity those whom disease or misfortune had placed under his care. He respected the name of Guy almost to adoration, observing, that no other man would have sacrificed one hundred and fifty thousand pounds for the support of his fellow crea- tures. After enjoying uninterrupted health, he died suddenly in 1785, aged 79. BELL, BENJAMIN. Surgeon. Raehurn pinx. W, Walker sc. 1791. Proof. From Mr. Bindley's Collection, BENNET, CHRISTOPHER. Pomhart se. Died 1655. BENNINGERUS, JO. NIC. ^tat. 44, 1672. " HospitJi, quicunque petis, quis incola tanti Spiritus j egregia hunc, oonsule, scripta dabunt." Hutchinson. BERENGARIUS, JACOBUS. A Surgeon of Carpo, the first who cured the Ve- nereal disease by mercurial ointment. His success procured him fame and money, and he grew so inso- lent, that he wrote in a contemptuous style to the 19 Pope and to the King of Spain, who invited him to practise at their courts. He died 1527. BERKENHOUT, JOHN, M.D. Born at Leeds in Yorkshire 1730. Hutchinson's Biog. BERMINGHAM. Chirurgeon. Born 1685. Noble, vol. III. 288. BERNARD, FRANCIS, M.D. Physician to King James H. ; a man of learning, and well versed in literary history. He had the best collection of scarce books that had been seen in England, and was a good judge of their value. He died Feb. 9, 169 J ; aged 70. He was brother to Charles Bernard, Sergeant Surgeon to Queen Anne, of whom there is an ori- ginal portrait at Barber's Hall, which has not been copied or engraved. There is also an original of Dr. Scarborough, lec- turing on an arm, and an original of some doctor, name unknown. BERTIE, WILLIAM, M.D. Private Plate. 20 BERTUANDI, JOHN AMBROS MARIA. An eminent Anatomist and Surgeon^ born at Turin 1723. His father, who was only a poor phleboto- mist and barber, contrived to give him an education, and intended to bring him up to the church, which was thought most hkely to afford him a maintenance; but one of his friends, Sebastian Khnghor, then Pro- fessor of Surgery, induced him to study that branch, in which he soon evinced great talents. He was only 22 when he read a dissertation on Ophthalmo- graphy, on which Haller and Portal bestowed the highest praise. BEVEROVICIUS, JOHAN. M.D. Amsterdam, ^tat. 40. BEVERWICK, JOHAN. M.D. Born 1594. Died 1647. Vitae Artifex, Mortis fugator. Hutchinson's Biog. BIDLOO, GODFREY. G. Laircsse pinx. A. Blooleling sc. Born 1649. Died I713. The anatomy of the human body was pourtrayed by him with an accuracy and elegance unknown before his s])lendid anatomical plates. Hutchinson's Biog. 21 BIRCH, JOHN. T. Phillips, R.A. plnx. J. Lewis sc. Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, formerly an army Surgeon. He was one of the most strenuous opposcrs of Vaccination. Died Feb. lSl6, aged 70. He wrote several tracts — On the Efficacy of Elec- tricity in removing Female Obstructions, 8vo. 1779. Letters to George Adams on Medical Electricity, 8vo. 1792. An Essay on the Medical Application of Electricity, 8vo. 1803. Reasons for objecting to the Practice of Vaccination, 8vo. 1806. Copy of an Answer to the Queries of the London College of Surgeons, and a Letter to the College of Physi- cians, respecting the Cow-pox Protection, 12mo. 1808 (anonymous). A Report of the true State of the Experiment of Cow-pox, 18 10. BIRRUS, MARTINUS, M. D. Amsterdam. ^Etat. 38, I663, BLACK, JOSEPH, M.D. F.R.S.E. Raehurn pinx. J. Heath sc. 1800. Gent. Mag. 1810. BLACKMORE, Sir RICHARD. J. Vanderhranh pinx. G. PFhite sc. Died 172[). Uutchinsun's Biog, 22 BLACVOD, HENRI. M^decin de la Faculty de Paris. " II ^toit Philosophe, homme de Cour, Soldat, M^decin, Negociateur." He died 1634. BLAGRAVE, JOSEPH. Student in Physic and Astrology I682. BLAIR, PATRICK. A Surgeon at Dundee, who first acquired reputa- tion by his dissection of an Elephant. He was im- prisoned for his attachment to the Stuarts in 1715, but upon his liberation came to London, and gained popularity on the sexes of the plants, published under the name of " Botanic Essays," &c. Der. Hist. Phil. Trans. Biog. Univ. Rees's Enc. BLAIR, WILLIAM. Surgeon. Medley pinx. N. Branwhite sc. Died 1823. BLANCARDI. Wood cut. BLASIUS, GERARDUS, 1659. Medicinae Doctor et Professor. BLIZARD, Sir WILLIAM, Knt. F.R.S. Professor of Anatomy and Surgery to the Royal College of Surgeons. »/. Opie pinx. S. W. Reynolds ac. 23 BOERHAAVE, HERMAN. Mezz. G. White sc. Born 1668. Died 1738. Hutchinson's Biog. BONETUS, THEOPHILUS. Born 1620. Died 1689. He was Physician to the Elector of Brandenburgh, and the King of Prussia, who ennobled his family. Anatomy received many new lights from his dissec- tions. Hutchinson's Biog. BONGOUT, ROBERT, M. D. J. Colly er sc. 17 70. BONOUS, EPHRAIM. Johan. Lyogus sc. A Jew Doctor. BONONIENS, GULIELMUS. Born 1710. J. G. Sciller sc. BONTEROE, CORNELIUS. G. P. Busch sc. BORDE, ANDREW. Who styled himself " Andreas Perforatus." Author of " Breviary of Health," " Tales of the men of Gotham, 3cc." Hutchinson's Biog. 24 BORDEWYNS, MICHAEL. A native of Antwerp. Died 1681. BORGESIUS, JO. M. D. 1648. ^tat. 29. BOURDELOT, TETRUS, M.D. N. C. Largellie pinx. S. Thomasin sc. BOUDOU, PETRUS. Chirurgeon. C. L. Dujios sc. 1743. Chirurgus Nisocomii Parisiensis Primarius. BRADLEY, THOMAS, M.D. Medley phix. N. Branwhite sc. Died in the Rules of the King's Bench, Dec. 1813, aged 62. He was a native of Worcester, where for some years he kept a mathematical scliool. He was then a Quaker, and having an inclination to medical studies, he was enabled to follow that pursuit. After taking his Doctor's degree at Edin- burgh, he settled in Westminster ; but being of re- tired habits, and quitting the society of his friends, his practice became limited, till at length he sunk into obscurity, and died in distress. Gent. Macr. 18I4. 25 BRADY, ROBERT, M.D. Drawing in Water Colours by Harding. Died 1700. He was chosen representative for the University of Cambridge, in that parhament which met at Oxford. Hutchinson's Biog. BRASSAVOLUS. Wood cut. Born 1500. Died 1555. Physician to Francis I. Charles V. and Henry VHI. of England. Hutchinson's Biog. BRIGGS, WILLIAM, M. D. Faher sc. Physician in Ordinary to King William HI. and St. Thomas's Hospital. Died 17 04. Ames. Noble, vol. I. p. 227. BRIGHT, TIMOTHY. Physician and Divine. Died 1615. The work by which he is principally known is his " Treatise of Melancholy," 1586. He entertained very lofty ideas of the dignity of the medical cha- racter. " No one," he says, " should touch so holy a thing that hath not passed the whole discipline of liberal sciences, and washed himself pure and clean in the waters of wisdome and understanding." E ^6 BROCKLESBY, RICHARD, M.D. F.R.S. Copley pinx. Ridley sc. Born 1722. Died 1797. If from Brock you take the letter B, Then Brock is Rock, and that is Brock-less-B. BROMFIELD, WILLIAM. Surgeon to his Majesty. B. Vandergutcht pinx. J. R. Smith sc. 1777' Fine Impression, from Mr. Bindley's Collection. Gent. Mag. 1759. BROMFIELD, WILLIAM. Cosway, R.A. pinx. D. Orme sc. 1792. BROWNE, Sir ANTHONY. J. Hardina; del. James Slow sc. "& BROWNE, EDWARD, M.D. F.R.S. Harding sc. An eminent Physician, son of Sir Thomas Browne, born about 1642. He died Aug. 28, 1708, at North- fleet, an estate of his in Kent, which he bequeathed between the College and St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in case of failure of issue in his son Dr. Thomas Browne, and his daughter Brigstock. King Charles said of him, that " he was as learned as any of the College, and as well bred as any at Court." The son Dr. Thomas died 17 10, 27 BROWNE, JOANNES. R. White sc. ^tatis suae 56, Anno Dom. 1698. Surgeon in ordinary to the King 1698. He was author of the following books: 1. " A Treatise of Preternatural Tumours," 1678. Svo. ; 2. "A Dis- course of Wounds," 1678, 4to. ; 3. A Treatise of the Muscles," in folio, of which there have been several editions. From a letter of approval to his " Discourse on Wounds," it appears that Thomas Hollier, Chirurgeon of his Majesty's Hospitals, had been his master. BROWNE, JOSEPH, L.L. M.D. Prefixed to his " Treatise on the Blood," 1701. Joseph Browne, a charlatan, was author of " The modern Practice Vindicated," with a " Letter to Sir John Floyer, concerning the farther use of Cold Baths," London, I705, 8vo. ; besides which he pub- lished, but very inaccurately. Sir Theodore Mayerne's works in folio. Browne also wrote against the cir- culation of the blood. In short, he was a mere tool of the booksellers, and always ready. A libeller of the purity of Queen Anne's Whig Ministry, he was exalted to the pillory. But this medico-politico quack had the assurance to continue the " Exa- miner," when discontinued by Swift, Prior, Atter- bury, Oldisworth, and Mrs. Manley ; consequently it became as inferior to what it had been, as his abilities were to theirs. 28 BROWNE, THOMAS, M.D. Died l6»3. R. White sc. Author of Religio Medici, a paradoxical book, translated into almost every language in Europe. This learned person was of opinion, that love was a folly beneath a philosopher ; and says^ he " could be content that we might procreate like trees, without conjunction." He descended, however, from his phi- losophic dignity, and married an agreeable woman. His reason for marrying was, " because he could discover no better method of procreation." BROWNE, Sir WILLIAM. Hudson pinx. J. Dixon sc. Died in Queen Square, London, 1774. He was the author of several lively essays and a well-known epigram. " The King to Oxford sent a troop of horse, For Tories own no argument but force ; With equal skill to Cambridge books he sent. For Whigs admit no force but argument." BRUGIS, THOMAS. A small oval. T. Cross sc. 16] 0. He is represented above, performing an operation on a man's head ; below is a chymical laboratory. The print, which is anonymous, is prefixed to several editions of his " Vade Mecum, or a Companion for a Chirurgeon," the 5th of which was printed in 12mo. 1670. 29 BRUGNATELLI. J. he\ Membro dell' Institute Noz d'ltalia. J. Leughi sc. 18061. BRUNER, JOHN CONRAD. A Swiss Anatomist, born 1653. He proved that the fluid secreted by the pancreas is not necessary to digestion, and that an animal may live after that viscus is taken out of the body. BRUNO, JOHANNES, M. D. Donaldson pinx. Heath sc. Born 1735. Died 1788. Fine Impression, from Mr. Bindley's Collection. Hutchinson's Biog. BRUNO, JAC. PANCRATIUS, M. D. ^tat. 58^ 1689. BUCHAN, WILLIAM, M.D. IVales pinx. Ridley sc. Author of Domestic Medicine. BUDD, RICHARD, M.D. G. Dance del. W. Daniels sc. Physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Died 1821. BULLEYN, WILLIAM. In his Travelling Dress. Physician to Henry VIII. 30 Suifeyte, age, and sickeneses, are enemys to health, Medicines to mende the body, excell all worldly wealth : Pisicke shall florishe, and in daunger will give cure, Till death unknit the lively knot, no longer wee endure. He died 1576, and was buried in the same grave with his brother Richard, who died 13 years before, in the church of Cripplegate. He suffered a long and serious prosecution, for unskilful treatment of a patient who died of a fever. BULWER, JOHN. W. Faithorne sc. He wrote " Instructions to the Deaf and Dumb, or the Language of the Hand." His most curious work is the *' Artificial Changeling," shewing the strange variety of shapes and dresses in which mankind have appeared in different ages of the world, I649. Hutchinson. BURMAN, JOHN, M.D. J. M. Quinkhard pinx. J. Houhrahensc. 1736. Professor of Botany and Medicine at Amsterdam, 1738. Hutchinson. BURNETT, THOMAS, M.D. Medicus Regius et Collegii Regii Medicorum Edin- burgensis Socius. He published " Thesaurus Medicinae Practicae," Lend. 1673, 4to. and another, " Hippocrates Con- tractus," &c. &c. Hutchinson. 31 BURROW, Dr. T. S. sc. BUTLER, GULIELMUS. Cantabrig. hujus setatis princeps medicorum. S. P. fecit. Born 1535. Died 16IJ. When now the Fates gan wonder, that thier thrids Were so oft tied againe, half cut i'th' mids. And Charon wanting his us'd Nauki sware. He now a days did want of many a fare. They all conspire, and found at last, that it Was skillfull Butler, who men's lives could knit. Almost untried, they killed him, and yet feared That he from death by death would ghosts have reared. BUTTER, WILLIAM, M.D. Died 1805. ^tat. 79. BUTTS, Sir WILLIAM. Harding del. IV. N. Gardiner sc. Physician to Henry VIII. and one of the founders of the College of Physicians. Died 1545. From a Picture by Holbien in Barbers Hall, He is immortalized by Shakspeare's having intro- duced him in his historical play of Henry VIII. BYRON, Dr. A Sketch. My lime, O ye Muses, was hapinly bpcnt When Phcbc went with me wherever 1 went. 32 CADOGAN, GULIELMUS, M.D. JR. E. Pine pinx. IV. Dickenson so. Died 1797. Gent. Mag. CAIMUS, POMPEIUS. Med. Professor Clarissimus. Died 1644. CAIUS, JOHN, M.D. Metz. J. Faher sc. 1714. Physician to Edward VI. Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. Born 1510. Died 1573. The successor of Linacre, and founder of Caius College, Cambridge, where he was buried with these two words on his monument, " Fui Caius." CALDWELL, Dr. Of Philadelphia. D. Edwin sc. 1801. From the Collection of Dr. Lettsom. CAMPER, PETER. Died 1789. CAPIVACCIUS, HIERONIMUS, M.D. 1603. Omnia cogiioscens Medicae Ca])ivaccius Artis Scita mori potuit : vivit in arte dat&. CAPPONIUS, JO. BAPT. JEiai. XXV. 33 CARDANUS, JEROM. Born 1501. Died 1575. J. C. Scaliger affirms that Cardan, having fixed the time of his death, abstained from food that his prediction might be fulfilled, and that his continu- ance to live might not discredit his art. CARENO. Wood cut. CARPUE, J. C. F.R.S. Surgeon. Richmond pinx. Facinus sc. 1 8 1 0. CASE, JOHN, M.D. Natus Lymae in Com. Dorcesti. V. H. Van Hove sc. A great Quack, successor to Lilly, whose magical instruments he possessed. Within this place Lives Doctor Case. The following were affixed to his pill-boxes : Here's fourteen pills for thirteen pence. Enough in any man's own con-sci-ence. CASSERIUS, JULIUS, M.D. Published " Tabulae Anatomicae," 1600. CASTRO, DE, JACOB. H. Stevens pinx. 17 29. A. Miller sc. 1737. Mtat. 45. F 34 CASTRO, DE, SARMENTO, M.D. Pine pinx. Houston sc. He separated himself from the community of the Jews, by a letter which he wrote to the Elders of the Synagogue. Gent. Mag. vol. xxviii. 501. CENE, LE, M.D. F. M. de Cave sc. Born at Caen, died in London I703. CELSUS. Mirabilis in Omnibus. Wood cut. CHAMBRE, JOHN, M.D. Died 1549. He is principally remarkable for being first named among the King's Physicians, as a petitioner for the foundation of the College of Physicians. Hutchinson. CHAMBERS, B. L. Holbein. CHAMBERLIN, PAUL, M. D. R. lf%ite del. S. Trotter sc. From an Original Drawing 16*55. CHANSEL, CLAUDE, M.D. T. Mariette, 1679. S5 CHARAS, MOSES. Died 1698. ^tat. 70. Wrote a treatise on treacle, and gave chemical lectures which were translated into the Chinese lan- guage. Hutchinson. CHARLETONUS, GUALTERUS, M.D. et Coll. Med. Lond. Socius 1678. ^tat. 56. D. Loggen advivum del. et sc. iGjg. He was Physician to Charles I. and II. President of the College, and one of the first Fellows of the Royal Society Dr. Walter Charleton was a man of great natural endowments, and one of the most universal scholars of his time. In the early part of his life he closely studied the Greek and Roman authors, and after- wards applied himself to the study of natural and moral philosophy, history, and antiquities ; besides the several branches of literature that were essential to his profession. He has left us ample testimonies of his diligence and caj)acity in his various writings, which were well received in the reign of Charles II. though of late generally neglected. CHAUNCY, CHARLES, M. D. Coates pinx. Car. IVatson sc. Oval. Fine Impression. 36 CHESELDEN, WILLIAM. J. Richardson pinx. J. Faher sc. I753. Surgeon to Queen Caroline. Born 1688. Died 1752. Hutchinson. CHEYNE, GEORGE, M.D. J. V. Deest jAnx\ Faher sc. Born 1671. Died I742. Remarkable for his great corpulence, his weight being 32 stone, which he reduced by abstinence and diet nearly one third. Gtnt. Mag. 1743. CHIFFLET, J. J. Small Round. Born 1588. He wrote to prove that Hugh Capel did not de- scend from Charlemagne, and that Philip of Spain was true heir to the crown of France. Hutchinson. CHURCHILL, T. F. M.D. H. IV. Watts pinx. Mackenzie sc. CLARE, PETER. Surgeon in Chancery Lane. Died 1786. ^tat. 49. He published, " A new and easy Method of curing Lues, by the introduction of Mercury into the Sys- tem through the Orifices of the absorbent Vessels on the inside the Mouth," 1780. 37 The London Review I790 speaks thus of him: *' Peter Clare^ a Surgeon, who, to every requisite accomphshment for his profession, happily united every amiable and endearing quality that could at- tract the esteem and love of mankind. His unwea- ried pursuit of the best means to relieve unhappy patients labouring under acute diseases, and his be- nevolent attention to the wants and distresses of the unfortunate, still live in the remembrance of the ex- tensive circle of his friends and acquaintance, and in the grateful prayers of the poor, who were equally indebted to his skill and his charity." CLAUDINI, JUL. C^SAR. Laurentius Tintus sc. CLEGHORN, GEORGIUS, M. D. C. Sherwin sc. From an Original Picture in possession of Dr. Lettsom. Born 1716. Died I789. Hutchinson s Biog. COELSON, LANCELOT. Student in Astrology and Physic, author of " Phi- losophiae Maturata." COGAN, THOMAS, M.D. F. Gerard pinx. J. Busire sc. 1814. Born 1736. Died 1821. One of the Founders of the Royal Humane Society. Annual Biog. 38 COCKBURN, WILLIAM, M. D. R. White del. et sc. Dr. Cockburn was probably a branch of the family of Baronets of that name seated in North Britain ; and I think he must have been a brother of John Cockburn, D. D. Vicar of Northall, in Hertfordshire, son of John Cockburn, Esq. of the North of Scotland. This divine emigrated to Eng- land through his attachment to episcopacy, and on that account was patronised by Queen Anne. He died Nov. 20, I739, and is well known as the author of " Remarks on Burnet's History of his own Times," and several religious tracts. This Physician was not less known for science in his particular depart- ment, than the Divine ; he wrote "^ Economia Cor- poris Animalis," 1695; on the "Operation of a Blister," in 1699, given in the Philosophical Trans- actions ; " Profluvia Ventus," 1701 ; on the "Cure of Sea Diseases," in I706; on the " Gonorrhaea," 1718; and on the " Difficulty of curing Fluxes," 1729. Besides these he corrected some mistakes of Dr. Echard, in his History of England. COLE, ABDIAH. Doctor of Physic. Cross sc. COLE, JOHANNES. Medici nae Professor. R. Spofforth del. et sc. ad vivum. From Sir William Musgrave's Collection. This portrait seems to have been prefixed to some book. The Catalogues of the British Museum and 39 Bodleian Libraries do not mention any work written by him. COLE, WILLIAM, M. D. R. fVhitesc. 1G89. Prefixed to his " Treatise on Apoplexies." This learned and skilful Physician possessed a manly form, the greatest ease of manners, and a modest demeanour; he was "learned without ostentation, and polite without affectation." Dr. Mead, who was an excellent judge of men and manners, and fully competent to decide on the merits of his brethren in the profession, had a select collection of portraits ; that Dr. Cole's was one of the number implies a sufficient share of merit in the original. He died at Allesley near Coventry, Warwickshire, and is buried in Allesley Church. Aged 8 1. COLLINS, SAMUEL, M. D. ^tat. 67. Faithorne ad vivum del. et sc. He was made Doctor of Physic at Oxford, 1659. Died 1718. " Where would the long-neglected Collins fly, If bounteous Carus should refuse to buy ?" Garth. COLLINSON, PETER, F.R.S. Trotter sc. Died 1768. Hutchinson. Nichols's Lit. Anec. 40 COLLOT, PHILIPPES. Edel'mck sc. Died 1656. Collot was a famous Lithotomist in France. He is said to have performed the operation by the appa- ratus major with great success, and is recorded as the first who cut adults and old people. Lithotomy was afterwards preserved for a long time in the Collot family, as their peculiar property, and descended as an hereditary possession from father to son. COMBE, CHARLES, M. D. F.R.S. Medley pinx. N. Branivhite sc. Born 1743. Died 1817. Annnal Biog. COME, FRERE. G. Frache del. Ingous sc. 1782. Born 1703. Died 1781. CONY, ROBERT, M.D. F.R.S. Artem lithotomiae amplificavit, et perfecit. J. Faber sc. Died 1722. MtdX. 67. His portrait is on the staircase of the Bodleian Library at Oxford. He was a Fellow of the College of Physicians, and a man of science, as may be seen by referring to the Transactions of the Royal Society. 41 COOKE, JACOBUS. Chirurgeon. R. White sc. 169$. James Cooke, of Warwick, was a general under- taker in physic as well as in surgery. By uniting two professions, he carried on a very lucrative trade in that town for a long course of years. He was author of " Melificum Chirurgiae," or Marrow of Chirur- gery. To a later edition of this book is subjoined a " Treatise on Anatomy," and another intituled " The Marrow of Physic," 4to. COPE, HENRICUS, M. D. G. Vander Gucht sc. CORNARIUS, JANUS. Died 1558. He was fifteen years employed in translating the works of the Greek Physicians. CORDUS, EURICUS. Wood cut. Died 1535- Cordus, who was accustomed to receive his fees only at the termination of his patients' disease, de- scribes, in a facetious epigram, the practitioner at three different times, in three different characters. Tres medicus facies habet j unam, quando rogatur, Angelicam: mox est, cum juvat, ipse Deus. Post ubi curato, poscit sua praemia, morbo, Horridus apparet, terribilisque Sathan. G 42 Three faces wears the doctor ; when first sought An angel's — and a god's the cure half wrought : But, when that cure complete, he seeks his fee. The devil looks then less terrible than he. COUNSINOT, JAC. ^tat. 70, 1645. Dum vixit pauci perierunt, hunc mala postquam Parca tulit, passim Mors sine lege furit. COWPER, WILLIAM. Chirurgeon. J. Smith sc. 1698. Died 1709. To his researches Enghsh Anatomy is much in- debted, particularly for the discovery of those glands in the urethra, which had escaped the scrutiny of former Anatomists. COWPER, WILLIAM, M.D. F.A.S. A Physician of Chester. Died 1767, when about writing the History of Chester. Hutchinson. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. V. COWPER, Sir ASTLEY, Bart. Surgeon to the King, and Surgeon to Guy's Hospital, 43 COYTIER, JAMES. J. Roberts pinx. Francois sc. Died 150G. Physician to Charles XI. of France. Memorable for nothing in particular, but the dex- terity he shewed in managing this monarch. Lewis had not a single principle by which any one could lay hold of him; but he had an intense fear of dying, of which most contemptible cowardice Coytier took the advantage; and often threatening his master with a speedy dissolution, obtained from time to time great and innumerable favours. Lewis, however, once recovered strength of mind enough to be ashamed of his weakness ; and feeling a momentary resentment for what he then thought the insolence of his physician, ordered him to be privately dispatched. Coytier, apprised of this by the officer, who was his intimate friend, replied : ' that the only concern he felt about himself was, not that he must die, but that the king could not survive him more than four days ; that he knew this by a particular science, and only mentioned it to him in confidence, as an intimate friend.' Lewis, informed of this, was frightened more than ever, and ordered Coytier to be at large as usual. CRAANEN, THEOD, M. D. L. Toornolecf del. A. Blotch ling sc. 1687. CRANE, STAFFORD. Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Drawing in Pencil by Sir J. Earle, 1780. 44 CRATO, JOHANNES. Wood cut. '•' Assertio de pestilente Febre et putrida 15 85." CROFT, Sir RICHARD, Bart. M.D. Hayter del. 1801. JV. Holt sc. Bom 1762. Died 1817. Sir Richard Croft was descended from a very ancient and distinguished family in Herefordshire, and may justly be described as a man of the most honorable principles, and the most generous dispo- sition. He married, early in life, the eldest twin daughter of Dr. Denman, at whose suggestion he attended the Duchess of Devonshire at Paris, a cir- cumstance which contributed greatly to his future fame and fortune. For thirty years he continued to practice with the highest credit and success, until the fatal and afflicting termination of his attendance on the Princess Charlotte. He possessed much practical knowledge, and no man more entirely commanded the affection of his family and friends, and his dreadful death may be considered as occa- sioned by an excess of those feelings which do most honor to the human heart. CRIJIRSHANKS, WILLIAM. J. Stewart pinx. «/. Corner sc. Died 1800. CUERIN. 45 CULLEN, WILLIAM, M.D. Cochrane pinx. V. Green sc. Died 1790. Hutchinson. CULPEPPER, NICHOLAS. Cross sc. Born 1616. Died 1654. The Shaddow of that Body heer you find Which serves but as a case to hold his mind. His intellectual part be pleased to lookc In lively lines described in the Booke. CUMING, WILLIAM, M.D. Proof. Trotter sc. }'] 84' Born 1714. Died 1788. From Mr. Bindley's Collection. Hutchinson. CUNINGHAM, WILLIAM, M. D. A Physician of great eminence, resided in Cole- man street. He was a lecturer at Surgeon's Hall in 156s, and is supposed to have written a book on Siphylis, called " Chamaeleontiasis," from the sup- posed resemblance between persons affected with it and the chameleon. He was also the author of some of the prefatory epistles to the works of Gale and Halle. 46 CURRIE, JAMES, M.D. F.R.S. H. Hone pinx. R. H. Cromack sc. 1807* Physician at Liverpool. Born 1756. Died 1805. Freedom and Peace shall tell to many an Age, Thy waining counsels, thy prophetic page ; Art, taught by thee, shall o'er the burning frame The heahng freshness pour, and bless thy name ; And Genius, proudly, while to Fame she turns. Shall twine thy laurels with the wreath of Burns. CURTIS, J. H. Aurist to the King, 18 20. J. Shand. CUSPINIANUS. Wood cut. Born 1473. Died 1529. He was Physician to the Emperor Maximihan, and employed by that prince in several delicate nego- ciations. He wrote the " History of the Roman Ernperors," and a " History of Austria." Gerard Vossius calls Cuspinian " Magnum sue sevo historiee lumen." DALE, SAMUEL, M.D. F.R.S. Prefixed to Pharmacologia. G. Fertile, I737. ^tat. 78. He published several treatises on plants, and other subjects connected with natural history, a study 47 about this time beginning to be duly estimated. He died June 6, 1739, aged 80. There is an original picture of him at Apothe- caries' Hall. DALE, THOMAS, M. D. Silhouette. Born 1J49. Died 1S16. Grand nephew to Samuel Dale. Gent. Mag. DANCER, THOMAS, M.D. Scriven sc. iEtat. 60. DARWIN, ERASMUS, M.D. F.R.S. Author of Zoonomia. S. J, Arnold pinx. B. Pym sc. 1801. Born 1731. Died l802. Onward he steps. Disease and Death retire. And murmuring Demons hate him and admire. Botanic Garden, Cant. ii. Gent. Mag. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. IX. DARWIN, CHARLES. Son of the above. Born 1758. Died 1778. Fame's boastful chisel. Fortune's silver plume, Mark but the mouldering urn, or deck the tomb ! 48 DAUBENTON, J. L. M. Born 1716. Died 1799. DAWSON, THOMAS, M.D. The following anecdote is related of him : After he became M. D. he attended his neighbour Miss Corbett, of Hackney, who was indisposed; and found her one day sitting solitary, piously and pen- sively musing upon the Bible, when, hy some strange accident, his eyes were directed to the passage where Nathan says to David, ' Thou art the Man/ The Doctor profited by the kind hint; and, after a proper time allowed for drawing up articles of capitulation, the lady, on 29 May, I758, surrendered herself up to all his prescriptions, and the Doctor very speedily performed a perfect cure. DECKERS, FREDERICUS, M.D. C. de Moor pinx. P. Van Gaush sc. ^tat. 47, 1694. DEE, JOHN, Dr. Astrologer and Physician. Sherlock sc. Born 1527. Died 160S. He practised his mysterious arts at Mortlake, and was considered more as a magician than a Doctor ; but his son Arthur was Physician to Charles I. DEMOURS, PETER, M.D. and Occulist. Died at Paris 1795- -^tat. 95. 49 DENSINGIUS, ANTONIUS, M. D. Chusp de Pas sc. Midii. 40, 1652. DENMAN, THOMAS, M. D. Cox sc. Born 1733. Died 1815. Gent. Mag. 1815. DESAULT, PETER JOSEPH. Surgeon in Chief of the Hotel Dieu, in Paris. Was editor of a work in great estimation among Surgeons, entitled, " Journal de Chirurgie ;" of which an English translation was published by the late Mr. Gosling. He died at Paris, on the 4th of June 1795, in the 46th year of his age, not without suspicion of having been poisoned, during his attendance on the late Lewis XVn. ; and it is worthy of observation, that Chopart, who succeeded Desault in his attendance on the Dauphin, and likewise Doublet, who also visited him, both followed him to the grave within four days. DEVAUX, JOHN. Chirurgeon. L. F. fecit. A native of Paris ; author of a " Treatise on pre- serving Health by instinct." Died 1729. ^tat. 80. Diet. Hist. Biog, Univ. H 50 DICKENS, AMBROSE. From a miniature. Serjeant-Surgeon to Queen Anne. He died 1747> and was succeeded by Sir Csesar Hawkins. DICKENSON, EDMUND. Chirurgeon. B. Cowes sc. Private Plate. DICKSON, JOHN, M.D. Gent. Mag. 1784, p. 479. DIEMBROCK, ISBRANDUS, M.D. F. Diodati sc. Born 1609. Died 1674. DILLENIUS, JOHN, M.D. Born 1681. Died 1747. Hutchinson. DIMSDALE, BARON. Burke sc. Died 1800. Born at Theydon-gernon, Essex. His family were Quakers, and his grandfather was the com- panion of Penn in America. Young Dimsdale settled at Hertford, and in 1 745 engaged as Surgeon in the Duke of Northumberland's army, in a Scotch campaign. On the taking of Carlisle he returned to Hertford, and in 176'! began to practise as a phy- sician. His celebrity as an innoculator in the small 51 pox recommended him to the Empress Catherine, at whose request he visited Russia in 1768. His successful innoculation of the Empress and her son was rewarded with the rank of Baron of the Empire, &c. besides a pension of ^500. per ann. and a present of ^12,000. In 1781 he revisited Russia to inoculate the Grand Duke's two sons. He was elected member of Parliament for Hertford in 1780, and again in 1784. He lost his eye-sight by a cata- ract, which was happily removed by Wensell. His publications were chiefly on inoculation, and his journey to Russia, 8vo. 17S1. DION IS, PETER. Chirurgeon. Died 1718. He was the first who demonstrated Anatomical Dissections at the Garden of Plants in Paris, DIOSCORIDES, ARBORISTI. Wood cut. An eminent Physician of Anaxarba, since called Caesarea, in Cilicia, flourished in the reign of Nero, and composed five books of the " Materia Medica." Fabricius is certain, that he composed these books before Pliny wrote his '' Natural History," although he supposes Pliny might reach the age of Dios- corides. Pliny has indeed made no mention of him, and yet relates many things of a very similar nature, which circumstances Fabricius imputes to their both 52 having collected their materials from the same store- house, and to Pliny's not having seen the books of Dioscorides. DODD, JAMES SILAS. Surgeon. In the year 1752 he published " An Essay towards a Natural History of the Herring." During the con- test about Elizabeth Canning, he also took a part in it, and published a pamphlet in her defence. He afterwards composed " A Lecture on Hearts," which he read publicly at Exeter 'Change, with some de- gree of success. He was also president of one of the disputing societies, and an attendant at several of them. One dramatic piece by him has been acted once and published, entitled, " Gallic Gratitude ; or, the Frenchman in India," Comedy, 8vo. I779. This was republished, as acted in Dublin, under the title of " The Funeral Pile,'* Comic Opera, 12mo. 1799- He died in Mecklenburgh Street, in Dublin, March 1805, at the great age (as it is said) of 104. DODON^US, REMBUTUS. Medicinae Professor. DOLiEUS, JOHAN. M.D. Pit. Schenh sc. DOMINICETTI, BARTH. J. Pltalba sc. 53 DOUCE, FRANCIS, M. D. fV. Keahle pinx. Jas. Mac. Ardell sc. 1752. DOWNMAN, HUGH, M.D. J. Downman 1796. J. JVoodward sc. 1809. Was the son of a gentleman of good fortune in the neighbourhood of Exeter. He was educated first at the pubhc school at Exeter, from whence he removed to Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of M. A. He was designed for the church ; and actually took orders, and performed the duties of a clergyman for a few years in his father's neighbourhood : but a disorder to which he was subject (afterwards proved to be a liver com- plaint) rendering any exertion of his voice painful and dangerous, he went to Edinburgh, and took his degrees in physic. He was the author of several poems, as, " The Land of the Muses," " Infancy," " The Death Song of Logbrok," " Poems sacred to Love and. Beauty," &c. ; and of three tragedies, viz. 1. " Lucius Junius Brutus," Historical Play, 8vo. 1779; 2. " Editha," Tragedy, 8vo. 1784. Printed at Exeter, Reprinted 1792; 3. " Beli- sarius," Tragedy, 8vo. 1786, and 1792. Dr. Down- man died at Exeter, Sept. 23, 1809. DRAKE, JAMES, M.D. Thomas Foster del. M. Van Gucht sc. Born 1667. Died 1707. This author was more celebrated for his political than his dramatic works. He was born at Cam- bridge, in the year l66'7, and had a liberal education. 54 first at Wivelingham, and afterwards at Eton. On the 20th of Marcli 1684, he was admitted into the University of Cambridge, and some time before the Revolution took the degree of B. A. He soon after- wards became M. A. and in 1694 M.D. He then removed to London, and was chosen Fellow of the Royal Society, and of the College of Physicians. It may be presumed, that his practice in his pro- fession was not very considerable, as he was from this time much engaged in many literary and poli- tical undertakings. He was concerned in a paper called " Mercurius Politicus," wherein were inserted expressions which afforded his enemies some grounds for a prosecution in the Queen's Bench. This was carried on against him with great severity ; and, though he was acquitted, a writ of error was brought by Government. This, added to repeated disap- pointments and ill-treatment from some of his party, threw him at length into a fever, of which he died at Westminster on the 2d of March 1706-7, after a short confinement to his bed. He was the author of '* The Sham Lajvyer ; or, the Lucky Extravagant," Comedy, 4to. 1697. DRAN, LE. J. N. fecit. A celebrated French Surgeon. Died 1770. Diet. Hist, Diog. Univ. 55 DRELINCOURT, CHARLES. Born 1633. Died 1697. Quel autre peut mieux O Mortel ! Dans le Mort t'apprendre a reviure Que celuy qui par ce Saint Liure S'est rendu luy mSme immortel ! DRYANDER, JOHAN. Of Watteen in Hesse, lecturer at Marpurg, where he died, anno 1560. DUNCAN, ANDREW, M.D. F.R.S.E. IV. Weir finx. T. Trotter sc. 1784. Physician to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales for Scotland. EARLE, Sir JAMES, F.R.S. Sir William Beechey pinx. R. Dwikarton sc. 1 8 10. Surgeon Extraordinary to the King, and Senior Sur- geon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Born 1745- Died 1S17. The following just tribute was paid to his memory by a contemporary and friend : Educated under the illustrious Pott, connected with him by one of the closest ties of consanguinity, he early imbibed from him that zeal and interest for the profession, which distinguished him through life. Honourable in his intercourse with his brethren of the profession ; modest, but firm in delivering his opinion ; with a peculiar suavity of manner, he at once gained the confidence of his patient in his judgment and in his humanity. 56 His Dissertation on the operation of Lithotomy affords useful and important hints to the Surgeon ; his own success in that operation evinced his dex- terity and skill. His proposal for a new method of extracting the opaque christalline lens, displays much ingenuity. But while the world lasts it will have reason to remember with gratitude the name of Earle. Tliat frequent disease, the hydrocele, is now no longer dreaded. Previous to his time, the common way of curing hydrocele was by a severe operation, which required a long confinement. But the pre- sent manner of treating it, now generally adopted, is attended with very little pain and scarcely any confinement. For this improvement we are in- debted to Sir James Earle. Not that he was the first who suggested this operation, but he was the first who practised it, and brought it into general use. Sir James had been in a declining state of health for some time, under which he gradually sunk without pain, and expired regretted by all who knew him, and with the resignation of a man possessing the consciousness of a life well spent, the conviction that he had not lived in vain ! EASON, ALEXANDER, M.D. Physician of Manchester. Died IJ96. Gent. Mag. 57 EASTON. J. Kay del. et sc. I781. Surgeon to the 35th Regiment. EDWARDS, THOMAS. S. Roache pinx. H. Houston sc. I79I. Surgeon in Dublin. ELDRIDGE. T. lUlUard sc. ad vivum. The preparer of Friars Balsam. Biojjraphy must lament that his name and occupation only are known. ELLIOT, Sir THOMAS. F. Bartolozzi sc. 1794. From an original drawing by Holbein in his Majesty's Collection. Flourished in the fifteenth century, and was a friend with all the learned men in the time of Henry VHL He wrote the " Castell of Health," 4to. 1539 ; and " Banquet of Sapience," 8vo. I557. ENT, GEORGE, IVL D. F.R.S. R. White sc. Born 1604. Died 1689. President of the College of Physicians, and one of the first members of the Royal Society. He distinguished himself by writing an apology in Latin for Dr. Harvey's doctrine of the circulation of the blood, in opposition to ^^^milius Parisanus. In the same book are some judicious observations on the operation of jmrgative medicines. He was au- I 58 thor of several other pieces, some of which are in the Philosophical Transactions. (iJlanvile, speaking in his " Plus Ultra" of the modern improvements in anatomy, numbers Sir George Ent, Dr. Glisson, and Dr. Willis, with the most celebrated discoverers in that most useful science. The two former were amongst the first members of the Royal Society. ERHARDUS, GEORGIUS, M.D. Hanhury. M. B. sc. ETMULLER, MICHAEL ERNST. Died 1732. Son of a Physician of the same name who died 1682. Hutchinson's Biog. EWEN, Dr. " Ars Patet Omnibus." EVERARD, Dr. In his study, smoking his pipe; a book open be- fore him ; 12mo. Dr. Everard had a higher opinion of the virtues of tobacco, both in the prevention and cure of dis- eases, than even Dr. Ralph Thorius had. He was author of a book entitled " Panacea, or a Universal Medicine, being a Discovery of the wonderful Vir- tues of Tobacco," 1659, 8vo. Anno 1650. " I supped in the City with my Lady Cath. Scott at Mr. Dubois', where was a gentleman call'd Everard, that was a very great Chymist.*' Evelyn's Journal, vul. I. p. "-246. 59 FABRICIUS, WILLIAM. A Surgeon, born near Cologne, who became a Physician at Berne, where he died 1634, aged 74. He wrote tracts on gangrene and sphacelus, on burns, on gun-shot wounds, on lithotomy, six cen- turies of observations and cures, in 4to. FABRICIUS, AQUAPENDENTE. Died 1603. He gained the appellation of the father of modern surgery, and was honored by the Senate of Venice with the Order of St. Mark, and an annual pension of a thousand crowns. He had a cabinet set apart for presents which he received instead of fees, with this inscription : " Lucri neglecti lucrum.** FAGON, GUY CRESCENT. H. R'lgaud pinx. Fiquel sc. Born 1638, Died I718. Hutchinson's Biog. FALLOPIUS, (lABRIEL. Born 1490. Died 1563. He first observed the tubular structure of those appendages, formerly called the horns of the uterus, and by this discovery laid a foundation for the theory of oviparous generation. Fallopius was one day consulted by an hypocon- driac patient: he heard him calmly for some time, and then exclaimed from Terence, " Otio abundas Antipho;*' Sir, you are really too idle! 60 FALK, N.D. M.D. W. W. Ryland del. F. Burke fecit. Scarce. FARQUHAR, Sir WALTER, M. D. H. Raeburnpinx. W. Sharp sc. 1797- Born 1740. Died 18 19. Annual Biog. FEBURE, LE N. Calcining Antimony by the Sun. Physician to Charles I. and II. FERNELIUS, J. F. Physician to Henry II. of France. N. Lamessin sc. Born 1497. 1^'ed 1558. Fernehus has a high claim to distinction amongst the institutors of rational practice ; though his sys- tem of pathology, which he had the satisfaction of seeing established over most parts of Europe, be for- gotten. FERREIN, ANTOINE, M.D. Born 1693. Died 1769- La Physique k ses yeux fait briller son flambeau : Pour sauver les Mortels, que son talent rassure Centre la Parque et le fatal Ciseau, II arrache k I'erreur son dangereux bandeau, Et per^ant les replis de I'humaine structure A dire son secret il force la Nature. 61 FERRIAR, JOHN, M.D. Died 1815. Physician to the Manchester Infirmary, author of " Medical Histories and Reflections," and several excellent papers in the Transactions of the Philo- sophical Society of Manchester. Gent. Mag. Bipg. Dramat. FITZPATRIC, Sir JER. M. D. S. Drummmd. W. Bernard sc. 180I. Inspector General of Health to his Majesty's Land Forces. Nature's warm advocate this print would shew ; The man who feels and softens human woe ; Behold him watchful of that Godlike end, The Prisoner's refuge and the Soldier's friend. FLOYER, Sir JOHN. Born 1649. Died 1734. Sir John was the author of many medical works, and was one of the first to count the pulsations of the arteries ; for although the pulse had been the subject of observation from ancient times, the num- ber of beats in a given time had not been attended to. He practised at Lichfield, and it was by his advice that Dr. Johnson, when an infant, was sent up to London to be touched by Queen Anne for the Evil. 62 FLUDD, ROBERTUS. Alias De Fluctibus, Oxoniensis Medicinae Doctor. Born 1574. Died 1637. Fluddius hie ille est, quo gaudet Britannia. He was an author of a peculiar cast, and appears to have been much the same in philosophy that the mystics are in divinity; a vein of unintelligible en- thusiasm runs through his works. He frequently used this sublime cant when he addressed himself to his patients, which had sometimes a good effect in raising their spirits, and contributed greatly to their cure. " As charms are nonsense, nonsense has a charm." Rochester. FORESTUS, PETRUS, M. D. Born 1522. Died 1597- Hutchinson's Biog. FOOTE, JESSE. Surgeon. J. Ople pinx. W. Ward sc. FOTHERGILL, JOHN, M.D. F.R.S. G. Stuart pinx. V. Green sc. 1781. Born 1712. Died 1780. Hutchinson's Biog. FORDYCE, GEO. M.D. Born 1736. Died l802. Chalmers's Biog. 63 FRACASTORIUS, HIERON. Born 1482. Died 1553. He was a Physician, Philosopher, Poet, Astro- nomer, and Mathematician. Two singularities are related of him : one, that his lips adhered so closely to each other when he came into the world, that a Surgeon was obliged to divide them with his knife; the other that his mother was killed with lightning, while he escaped unhurt. The poem called " Sy- philis" was his chief performance, though Julius Scaliger was pleased to say, that he was the best poet in the world next to Virgil ! FRAMBESARIUS, NIC. ABRAHAM. F. Hulsius sc. 1719. FREAKE, JOHN. G. Vertue sc. Died 1717. He was father to Freake, Surgeon to St. Bartholo- mew's Hospital, who died 1756, aged 68. The Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's seems to have had a great turn for mechanical improvements. He invented a portable Amb^, which is described in the Philosophical Transactions, I748. He wrote on the " Nature and Properties of Fire," in three essays. In the second, speaking of electricity, he observes : as " I am now sure, that I have abso- lutely and completely shewn the whole nature of this phenomenon, which I first offered with as much diffidence as I ought, I am become so bold as 64 to assert it from many undeniable proofs; and as nobody has dared to contradict any of my conjee^ tures about it, so I dare say they never will." FREHERUS, PAULO. Sandrart sc. Born 1611. Died 16*82. Chalmers's Biog. FREIND, JOHN, M. D. M. Dhal pinx. G. Vertue sc. 1730. Born 1675. Died 1728. There is no occasion to quote authorities in praise of a man whose works are a standing testimony of his merit, and who was acknowledged by all to be " et scribendi et docendi magistrum." When Radcliffe fell, afflicted Physic cried. How vain my power ! and languished at his side. When Freind expir'd, deep-struck, her hair she tore. And speechless fainted, and revived no more. Her flowing grief no further could extend ; She mourns for Radcliffe, but she dies with Freind. FREITAGl, JOHN. Chirurgeon. Born 1581. Died 1641. FRYER, JOHN, M. D. F.R.S. R. White sc. 1698. He resided nine years in India and Persia, and published his travels, which were well received. , Noble, vol. I. 65 FUCHIUS, LEONARD. Born 1501. Died 1548. He was raised to equestrian honours by Charles V. Chalmers. FULLER, THOMAS, M.D. J. Tymewell pinx. G. Vertue sc. Prefixed to his " Pharmacopoeia Domestica," 1 739. Died 1734. He was also author of a " Treatise on the Small Pox," and other medical works, and has been mis- taken for Thomas Fuller, the author of '•' Medicina Gymnastica,'* who died in June 1706. He was a wit and wrote the following lines on a left-handed writing master: Though Nature thee of thy right hand bereft ; Right well thou writest with the hand that's left. GALE, THOMAS. Chirurgeon. Wood cut oval. Was born 1507, and educated under Richard Ferris, afterwards Serjeant Surgeon to Queen Eliza- beth. He was a Surgeon in the army of King Henry VUL at Montreal, in 1544 ; and also in that of King Philip, at St. Quintin, in 1557- He after- wards settled in London, and became very eminent in the practice of surgery. Died in 1586. GALEN. Died 193. Hutchinson. K 66 GALL. P. Grassi jtinx. F. Lanthe sc. GARENGEOT. Chirurgeon. Born 1688. Died 1759- He was Royal Lecturer on Surgery at Paris, and Fellow of the Royal Society London. GARENCIERES, THEOPHILUS DE, M.D. IV, Dolle sc. (Of the College of Physicians) sitting at a table. On the print is this distich : " Gallia quein genuit, retinetque Britannica Tellus Calluit Hermetis quicquid in Arte fait." Author of " Angliae Flagellum ; sive Tabes An- glica," 1647. He is supposed to have published, on account of the Plague, " A Mite cast into the Treasury of the famous City of London," &c. &c. GARNET, THOMAS, M.D. Born 1766. Died l802. Gent. Mag. GARTH, Sir SAMUEL, M.D. Died 1718. Hutchinson's Biog. GARTHSHORE, MAXWELL, M.D. Born 1732. Died l8l2. Chalmers's Biog. 67 GAUBIUS, HIERONYMUS DAVID. Medicinae DoctoPj Ejusdem ac Chemise et Col- legii Practico Medici in Academia Batavia, que Leidaee est. Professor Ordinarius. H. f^ander My pinx. J. Houhraken sc. I744. GEBER. Alchymiste Arabe in the ninth century. Dr. Johnson was of opinion that gibberish was derived from the unintelhgible cant of Geber and his fol- lowers ; anciently it was called Gebbrish. GEMMA, CORNELIUS. Born 1508. Died 1577. GILBERT, WILLIAM, M. D. Harding del. Clamp sc. Physician to Queen Elizabeth. Born 1540. Died 1603. He distinguished himself in the pursuits of Natural History, and was allowed a pension for carrying on his experiments. Hutchinson. Chalmers. Fuller's Worthies, Essex. GILL, THOMAS, M.D. Oval, with a long wig. Mezz. J. Smith sc. 17 00. Died 1714, at Edmonton. Le Neve's Mun. vol. IF. 294, 68 GILLAM, SAMUEL. Of Rotherhithe. T. Holloway ad vivum 1787- Born 1719. Died 1793. GLANDORP, MATTHIAS, M. D. Born 1595. Died 1640. Son of a Surgeon at Cologne. He studied under Fabricius ab Aquapendente, Spigelius, and Sanc- torious. It must needs suggest a high opinion of this young Physician, that his works should be thought worthy of re-publication, in London, one hundred years after his death (1729). GLAUBER, JOHN RODOLPH. Born in the sixth century, called the Paracelsus of his age. He travelled much in the pursuit of chemical knowledge, collected many secret pro- cesses, and invented a salt, which to this day retains his name. He was a voluminous writer, and al- though he passed the greater part of his life in the laboratory, he did little or nothing for chemistry, his works being full of pompous pretensions and obscure theories. GLISSON, FRANCIS, M. D. PV. Dolk del. et sc. King's Professor of Physic at Cambridge, univer- sally esteemed one of the best Physicians and Ana- tomists of his age. He demonstrated the physi- ology of the bilious secretion, shortly after Harvey's discovery of the circulation, and gave the first regular account of the rickets. He died 1677. 69 GLYNN, ROBERT, M.D. T, Kerrich del. J. G. and G. S. Facias sc. Of Cambridge, was educated at Eton and King's College. He studied Medicine, but preferred the indolent life of a College to practice. After being 63 years, for his wit, his learning, and his interesting fund of anecdotes, the favourite of his society, he died 1800, a^ed 82. He is known as the author of the " Day of Judgment," a poem of merit, which obtained the Setonian prize at Cambridge 1757- His portrait, and the following ye^f d' esprit^ prove his physiognomy not to have been of so agreeable a cast. This morning, quite dead, Tom was found in his bed, Altho' he was hearty last night ; But 'tis thought, having seen Dr. Glynn in a dream, That the poor fellow died of the fright. GODFREY, AMBROSE. G. F. Gucht sc. 173^. In a cap, oval frame, 4to. This person was a chymist, and nephew to Mr. Ambrose Godfrey Hanckwitz, and not his son as supposed. He tried his uncle's invention for extin- guishing fires by explosion, in a building erected for that purpose, in I761. The Godfrey family have flourished with great reputation in Kent for many ages. This gentleman and his successor continued to maintain their professional consequence as chy- mists and compounders of medicine, at their house in Southampton Street, Covent Ciarden, for more than a century, it being but very lately that their business has passed into other hands. 70 GODFREY, AMBROSE HANCKWITZ. R. Shmutz pinx. G. Vertue sc. 1718. A bust, in a wig. Mr. Ambrose Godfrey Hanckwitz was a chymist, and Fellow of the Royal Society ; he enriched their volume by various curious papers, printed in their Transactions. One of them was an account of some experiments upon the " Phosphorus Urine ;" ano- ther, an examination of West Ashton well waters, belonging to Thomas Beach, Esq. which well was about four miles from that of Holt. He likewise invented a method of extinguishing fires. GODBOLD, NATHANIEL. j4. Pope pinx. H. Kingsbury sc. GOEKELIUS, EVERHARDUS. Andreas Schench del. Ph. Xilian sc. 1683. GOROPIUS, JOHN. Born 1518. Died 1572. He travelled over Europe, and settled in Antwerp. In his " Origines Antverpianae" he maintained that Flemish was the language of Adam. GOTTVALDT, CHRISTOPHORUS, M.D. And, Stech pinx. Edelinck sc. GOTH^D, LUD. Born 1625. 71 GOULSTON, THEODORE, M.D. A distinguished and learned Physician of the seventeenth century, and founder of the Gulstonian Lecture at the College of Physicians. He practised in London, and died 1632, and by his will left ^i200 to endow a pathological lecture in the College of Physicians. He wrote a para- phrase of Aristotle. GOWER, FOOTE, M.D. J. Taylor del. W, Skelton sc. 1790. Fine impression. From Mr. Bindley 's Collection. Died at Bath 1780. He practised as a Physician at Chelmsford in Essex. The late eccentric Charles Gower, Phy- sician to the Middlesex Hospital, was his son. GRAAF, REGNERUS DE, M. D. Born 1^41. Died 1673. Celebrated for his application of the microscope to anatomical subjects, Hutchinson. GRAHAM, Dr. J. Kay sc. The celebrated Lecturer. The nature of his doc- trines may be learnt from one of his publications : " Convicto Amoroso ; or a Seri-comico-philoso- phical Lecture on the Causes, Nature, and Effects, of Love and Beauty at the different periods of Hu- man Life; and in Praise of the genial and prolific Influences of the Celestial Bed ! as delivered by 72 Hebe Vestina! the rosy Goddess of Youth and Health ! from the Electrical Throne! &c. 17 82. LE GRAND, ANTONIUS DE. De Carentia Sensus et Cognitionis in Brutis Lond. 1675. GRANT, ROGER. Oculist in London. This Plate was afterwards inscribed, John Kerr. Grant was one of the many who, in every age, contrive to impose upon a willing multitude. In the 444th number of the " Spectator," which treats of several quacks, mention is made of this able practitioner. His first essay in life was extremely humble; that of a common soldier in the Imperial service, where he lost an eye. As he had this mis- fortune, he thought no better recompense could be given him than the privilege of enlightening those of other persons. Elated with this idea, he returned to Great Britain in the reign of Queen Anne, and commenced doctor in Mouse Alley, Wapping; when his credentials were displayed, by showing his mus- ter-roll, to prove that he was a soldier under the emperor's banners ; and be declared, upon this cer- tificate, that as he had lost an eye in that service, he could very well perform the functions of occulist: just upon the same principles that another adven- turer pretended to cure bursten children, because his father and grandfather were both bursten. He was nevertheless appointed, in the following reign, oculist to George I. and amassed considerable wealth. 73 GRATAROLUS, GIJLIELMUS. Died 156*2. He wrote ^' A Direction for the Health of Magis- trates and Students." GRAVELANDE, CORNELIUS. «/. VercoUe pinx. A. Blooteling sc. GREATRAKES, VALENTINE. Faithorne sc. Born 1628. An Irish Gentleman, who cured diseases by touching or stroaking the parts affected. Hutchinson. GREENHILL, THOMAS. Chirurgeon. Nutting sc. 1705. A pyramid ; Fame, Mercury, and other emble- matical figures, prefixed to his "Art of Embalming," 1705. Thomas Greenhill, a Surgeon, distinguished him- self by a " Treatise on Embalming," a subject, at the present day, which is esteemed of no very great consequence. It is obvious, however, to mention here, that the art was attempted to be revived, some few years since, by the late Dr. William Hunter, and with considerable success, as to the preservation of the form and countenance, on the person of Mrs. Van Butchell, wife of the well-known practitioner of that name. On which occasion the classical pen of that eminent Physician and distinguished scholar, L 74 Sir George Baker, was employed, in writing an in- scription for the glass case in which the body was preserved. GREGORY, JAMES, M.D. Raeburn pinx. 1805. Edinburgh. GREGORY, JOHN, M.D. F.R.S.E. Edinburgh. GREW, NEHEMIAH, M.D. R. PVhite sc. 1700. Died 1712. Honorary Fellow of the College, and well known to the learned world by his works. Hutchinson. Noble, vol. I. GRIFFITHS, JULIUS, M.D. W. I. Thomson pinx. B. Mitchell sc. GRINDALL, RICHARD. Hudson pinx. Fisher sc. 1772. Surgeon to the London Hospital, and Surgeon Extraordinary to the Prince of Wales. Died 1797. Gent. Mag. GROSVENOR, JOHN. K Leeming pinx. C. Turner sc, 18 12. Surgeon at Oxford. Died 1823. 75 GRONINGANUS, HEN. WILMANNUS, M.D. S. A. Lamewarde del. et sc. Born iGll. Died 1643. GUENAULT, F. R. Nantuel ad vivum 1664. Medicinae Doctor. GUILIELMINI, DOMINICUS. Professor Medicinae Patavinus, I707. GUILLEMEAU, JAMES. Chirurgeon. R. N, fecit. One of the most celebrated Surgeons of the six- teenth century, was a native of Orleans, and the pupil of the famous Ambrose Pare, and attained very high professional reputeition in the army as well as at home. He received the honourable ap- pointment of Surgeon to the Sovereigns Charles IX. and Henry IV. by both of whom he was highly esteemed. He died at Paris, March I3, 1609. His first publication was a translation of Ambrose Pare's Treatise on Surgery into Latin, printed at Paris in 1582, folio. His next work was a small treatise, entitled, '* Apologie pour les Chirurgiens," 1593- The remainder of his writings is contained in a collection of his '* CEuvres de Chirurgie," printed at Paris in 1598, and in l6l2; and at Rouen in 1649, some of which were published separately. These are, " Tables Anatomiques," with figures from Vesalius ; " Histoire de tous les Muscles du 76 Corps Hiimain," &c. ; " Trait^ de la (leneration de I'Houirue;" " L'heureux Accouchement des Femmes;" " La Chirurgie Fran9oise, recueillies des anciens Medecins et Chirurgiens, &c. ;" " Traite des plaies recueillies des Lemons de M. Courtin;" *^ Operations de Chirurgie recueillies des anciens Medecins et Chirurgiens ;" " Traite des Maladies de rCEil ;" and, lastly, '* Traite de la parfaite Methode d'Embaumer les Corps ;" which contains a report of that operation, as performed upon the bodies of Charles IX. and Henry III. and IV. Chalmers. Diet. Hist. Biog. Univ. HADRIANUS, JUNIUS. Medicus. HAULEY, JOHN, M. D. B. Wilson p'mx. 1759. E. Fisher sc. Died 1764. ^tat. 33. Lectures on Chemistry, 4to. 1758. HAIGHTON, JOHN, M. D. F.R.S. H. Ashley p'lnx. J. Kennerly sc. 181 8. Many years Lecturer on Midwifery and Physi- ology, in the Medical School of the United Hospitals, South wark. Died 1823. 77 HALIFAX, ROBERT, M.D. Son of R. Halifax, an Apothecary at Mansfield. W, W, del. Vide Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. I. 160. Fill. 367. IX. 660. HALLE, JOHN. Chiruro'eon. Author of several surgical treatises, and of a book of Hymns with musical notes. Dr. Dous^las, in his " Biblioo;. Anat." calls this person Chirurgus Londinensis, and he entitles him- self of the Company of Surgeons in London. It appears, however, from his works, that he was for some time at least, settled at Maidstone in Kent. Clowes calls him " Master John Halle, Chirurgeon of Maidstone, a most famous man." From his picture dated I564, aetat. 35, he must have been born in 1529. HALLER, ALBINUS. Ryder sc. Died 1777. Hutchinson. HAM^US, BALDWINUS, M.D. From a drawing by Dr. Stukeley. Died 1676. iEtat. 76. Dr. Harney left to the library of the College of Physicians the voluminous works of Cardan and Aldrovandus". His benefactions to the College, during his life-time, amounted to upwards of 78 <^800, besides an estate in Essex called Ashlins. His public benefactions (not relating to the College) amounted to ^l/CS. HAMILTON, JAMES, M.D. Edinburgh. J. Kay del. et sc. IjSg. HAMILTON, Dr. Accoucheur. J. Kay del. et sc. 1786. HAMON, JEAN, M.D. C. Desrochers sc. 1687. ^tat. 69. De la Faculty de Paris. Ce Docteur si fameux par ses rares vertus, A bien moins appliques ^ Science profonde, A prolonger not re vie en ce monde, Qua nous montrer pour qnoy nous y sonimes venus. HAMPE, J. H. M.D. F.R.S. Angelica Kauffman pinx. T. Burhe fecit. A very singular character. Died 1777. lOHANNES HENRICVS HAMPE SIEGENA-NASSOVICVS MEDICINAE DOCTOR DVIS iiVRGENSIS CLIVOKVM MEDICVS REGIVS TRICENARIVS PRACTICVS LONDINENSIS ftVINftVAGEN ARI VS ACAD. IMFER. NAT. CVR. SOCIETAT. REG. LOND. SOCIVS PEKANTiaVVS SENEX OCTOGENARIVS TEMPERATISSIMVS SANISSIMVS 79 PER aVINUEClM ANNOS V'lXIT avoAD LiaviDA iNViNivs YAPOTTOTHS avoAD SOLIDA AAXAN0-MAZ0Ar02 SOLA CIBORVM ANAIMAKTflN ET PAVCITATE ET SIMPLICITATE PERVIRIDEM SENECTVTEM ASSECVTVS RARISSIME PER DIEM VLTRA DVODECIM SOLIDORVM VNCIAS CONSVMENS CORPORIS SICCITATE ET MIRA AGILITATE CONSPICVVS EXTERNORVM ET I^fTERNORVM SENSVVM INTEGRITATE ANIMAaVE PERTVRBATIONIBVS VACVA BEATISSIMVS (PfiMH TYXH2 Sn^POSYNH) AD LONGAEVITATEM MORTEMaVE SANAM OMNI MORBORVM GENERE VACVAM (EY0ANA2IAN) ASPIRANS VTPOTE FELICITATEM MVNDANAM VERAM ET VNICAM NEC NON EXTREMAM ARTIS SALVTARIS METAM AD aVAM CONTINGENDAM NVLLA DATVR VIA NISI PER ILLVD nYGAFOPOY TASTPOS KPATEIN SYSTEMATIS METALLVRGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS ANGL. IDIOM. AVTOR. NichoWs Lit. Artec, vol. III. 235. HARRISON. Apothecary. rr. A. del. Scarce. Etching. HARRISON, RICHARD, M.D. Fellow of the College of Physicians, &c. &c. Fred. Mori sc. 1817. HARVEY, GIDEON. Pierre Philippe sc. He was Physician to the Tower. His most re- markable work was " The Art of curing Diseases by Expectation ;" and in 1704 he gave great offence 80 to the Apothecaries by subjoining to his " Family Physician" a large catalogue of drugs, and the prices at which they should be sold in the shops. Hutchinson. HARVEY, WILLIAM, M.D. Physician to Charles L Houhrahen sc. The discoverer of the circulation. Died 1657. He was buried at Hempstead in Essex, not at Hemel Hempsted, as stated in some accounts of his life. HARWOOD, Sir BUSICKE, M.D. S. Harding del. W. N. Gardiner sc. Professor of Anatomy at Cambridge. Died 1814. Gent. Mag. HASLAM, JOHN, M.D. G. Dawe pinx. H. Dawe sc. 18 12. HAWENREUTER, JO. LUD. Born 1548. HAWES, WILLIAM, M.D. One of the founders of the Humane Society. Ridley sc. Born 1736. Died 1808. Chalmers's Biog. Gent. Mag. 81 HAWORTH, SAMUEL, M.D. R. ffliite sc. 1683. Samuel Haworth was author of " A Method of curing Consumptions," 1683, l2mo. to which is prefixed his head. He was also author of " A Phi- losophical Discourse on Man, being the Anatome both of his Soul and Body," 1680, 8vo. He also published " A Discourse of the Duke (of York's} Bagnio (in Long Acre), and of the Mineral Bath and new Spa thereto belonging," &c. I683, l2mo. HAYDOCKE, RICHARD, M.D. J. Th. fecit. Was educated at New College, Oxford : practised at Salisbury, and afterwards in London. He pub- lished a translation of Lomazzo's " Art of Painting," the Cuts of which he engraved himself. He died in King Charles the First's reign. HAYES, Sir JOHN, Bart. M. D. Medley jtinx. N. Branwhite sc. Died 1809. ^tat. 59. HAYGARTH, JOHN, M.D. J. H. Bell del. W. Coote sc. HEAVISIDE, JOHN, F.R.S. F.A.S. Surgeon Extraordinary to the King. J. Zoffany pinx. R. Earlom sc. 1803. M 82 HEBERDEN, WILLIAM, M.D. Beecheif phix. Waj'd sc. Died 1801. ^tat. 91. Private Plate. Dr. Johnson being asked in his last iUness what Physician he had sent for, " Dr. Heberden/' rephed he, " ultimum Romanoium," the last of our learned physicians. Nichols's Lit. Anec. IX. 37. HEISTER, LAURENCE. Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at Altorf. Born 1683. Died 1758. His system of surgery first appeared in the Ger- man language, 1718 ; and in I719 he was appointed by George L to the Professorship of Anatomy and Surgery at the University of Helmstadt. HELCHERIUS, JO. HEN. M.D. Medicinae Doctor. HECOUET, PHHJP, M. D. Died 1773. ^tat. 76. Born at Abbeville, and practised there and at Paris. He was a great friend to bleeding and the good effects of warm water ; this opinion has tended to immortalize him in Gil Bias, under the name of Doctor Sangrado. He was a man of great abste- miousness, and had not eaten meat or drank wine for 30 years before his death. He published some medical works, " On the Indecency of Men-mid- wives, and in favour of mothers suckling their own Children;" " On the Plajrue," &c. 83 HERARD, FRANCOIS. F. Sicre pinx. L. Cossln. Fine impression. A celebrated French Surgeon. He ])ractised at Paris, and was esteemed a good operator, particularly for trepanning. He is represented with a skull and the trepanning instrument on a table. HEURNIUS, JOHAN. Born 1543. Died l6'0l. Medicinal Professor. He is said to have been the first who taught Anatomy by lectures on dead bodies at Leyden. Hutchinson. HEURNIUS, OTHO, M.D. iV. Ncgve pinx. Jac. Lowmick. ^tat. 65, 16*42. HEWSON, WILLIAM. An eminent Anatomist. Born 1739. Died 1774. He was some time partner with Dr. William Hunter. An unfortunate dispute separated those able men, and Hewson read lectures in his own house. He published enquiries into the properties of the blood, and the lymphatic system, and had a hterary controversy with Dr. Ab. Monro, about the discovery of the lymphatic vessels of oviparous anirhals. Hutchinson. Chalmers. 84 HEY, WILLIAM, F.R.S. Surgeon at Leeds. Allan pinx. E. Scriven sc. HIERONIMUS, MEKCURIALIS. Hutchinson. HIGHMORE, NATHANAEL, M.D. A. Blootel'mg fecit. The first in this country who wrote " A Syste- matical Treatise on the Structure of the Human Body." The cavity in the jaw, called Antrum Highmorianimiy after his name, is one of his dis- coveries. Casserus, however, mentioned the cavity, under the name of Antrum Gence. He died 1684, aged 71. HILL, Sir JOHN, M. D. F. Cotes pinx. JR. Houston sc. 1775' Born 1716. Died 1775. HILLIERS, J. NIC. Chirurgeon. R. Hilliers sc. 1779. HIPPOCRATES. Bovi sc. Hippocrates may be considered the first who had any fair pretensions to the character of a Surgeon. Besides medical, he expressly treated on surgical subjects, and performed operations, though, for rea- sons known only to himself, he did not choose to perform the operation of Lithotomy. 85 HIRE, DE LE, J. N. M.D. A Drawing in black chalk. HODGES, NATHANIEL, M.D. Died 1684. The claims of philanthropy rescue the name of Hodges from oblivion. His patriotic and solitary courage emboldened him to remain the only Phy- sician in London, during the whole course of the great plague, of which he lived to give the best and only authentic account. HOFFMAN, CASPAR, M.D. " Hortorum vitas qui in floribus excolit Hoffman Dicitur, et Medica quid magis ornat opus ? " ^tat. 60, 1632. HOFFMAN, FREDERICK. . Anton. Pasne pinx. Petit sc. 1739. Born 1660. Died 1742. Many of his name were distinguished literary characters, and Frederick had all the accomplish- ments and learning of a great Physician. HOLLAND, PHILEMON, M.D. H. H, invenit. Marshall sc. ^tat. 80, l()32. Called the Translator General of his age. He- made the following epigram upon writing a large folio with a single pen : 86 With one sole pen 1 writ this book. Made of a grey goose quil ; A pen it was when I it took, And a pen I leave it still. Born at Chelmsford 1551. Died 1636. HOME, Sir EVERARD, Bart. Sir IV. Beechey pinx. Private Plate. HOOPER, J. M.D. Grainger sc. I792. From Mr. Bindley's collection. A Quaker. Inventor of Hooper's Female Pills. Died 1789. HOPE, Dr. In his Botanic Garden. J. Kay del. et sc. 1786. Edinburgh. HORNARIUS. HORNE, FRAN. M.D. Kay 1787. Professor of Medicine, Edinburgh. 87 HORSTIUS, GEORGIUS, M. D. Died 1636. '' Horstius, in Medica quondam celeberrimus arte, Hac facie Mundo conspiciendus adest. Amongst many successive names that live in bulky folios, the most prominent is that of Horst, a medical family, which threatened to monopolize the honours of the profession. One of them, named Gregory, was reputed the German Escu- lapius. HOTTON, PETRUS, M. D. Lugd. Batav. Medicinae Professor. HOULSTON, WILLIAM, F.S.A. Chirurgeon. Lamhart sc. 1787. He published on the Venereal Disease, I787, and was editor of Justamond's Surgery. HOWELL, THOMAS, iVI.D. /S*. Hardinge pinx. W. N. Gardiner sc. 1 790. From Mr. Bindley's collection. HULME, NATHANIEL, M. D. Medley p'lnx. N. Branwhite sc. Physician to the Charter House. 88 HULSE, Sir EDWARD, Bart. M. D. F. Cotes pinx. 1757. J. IVatson sc. Physician in Ordinary to the King. Died 1759. -^tat. 54. HUME, Dr. J. Kay del et sc. I787. Edinburgh. HUNTER, A. M.D. F.R.S. A Physician at York ; author of " CuUna.** Born 1733. Died 1809. Gent. Mag. 1809, p. 578, 1814, i. 140. HUNTER, JOHN. Born 1728. Died 1793. " The greatest Physiologist the world has ever known." At the time of his death he was in the sixty- fifth year of his age, the same age at which his bro- ther. Dr. William Hunter, died. The two brothers raised the anatomical school of London to its present celebrity, and in their Museums erected their own monuments ! Both arrived in London with no capital but genius, industry, and integrity. Each arrived nearly at the same age, finished his career in the same time, and each in the arena of his own labours. The first struck with the approaches of death in his own theatre, and in his expiring mo- ments anxious to return, that he might communi- cate a physiological fact he never could ascertain till then. The other expiring on the spot ! 89 HUNTER, WILLIAM, M.U. J. Thornthwaite del. et sc. Born 1718. Died 1783. HUXHAM, JOHN, M.D. F.R.S. Thomas Retmcl pinx. E. Fisher sc. John Huxham was a Physician of considerable reputation, who practised his profession at Plymouth, where he died in 1768. He possessed an innate genius and a strong propensity for medical acquisi- tions. By these he was led to the University of Leyden, where he pursued his studies with indefati- gable application, and took his Doctor's degjree in Medicine. At length, settling at Plymouth, by a successful course of practise he acquired a consider- able fortune, and by several admirable publications gained universal fame. His " Treatise on Fevers'* is noticed as the most eminent, as it leads to the subsequent anecdote. " The Queen of Portugal being ill of a fever, and being reduced to the last extremity, notwithstanding tlie efforts of the Phy- sicians of the country; his Majesty, hearing of the eminence of a Physician of the English factory at Lisbon, sent for him, and giving him the particulars of the Queen's disorder, inquired whether it was in his power to administer any assistance. The Phy- sician replied that he was not without hope, but that he could do nothing unless her Majesty was left to his sole care and direction This being granted, the disorder soon took a turn, and in a short time the Queen was restored to perfect health. The Doctor being complimented by the King upon his abilities N 90 and success, said he had no claim but to the applica- tion ; for that the merit was due to Dr. Huxham, an eminent Physician at Plymouth, whose tract on the management of fevers he had implicitly followed. Upon which the King immediately procured the treatise, had it translated into the Portuguese lan- guage, printed it in handsome 4to. and sent it richly bound to Dr. Huxham, as an acknowledgement of the sense he entertained of his abilities, and of his debt of gratitude on the recovery of the Queen." JACCH^US, GILBERTUS. Med. Doct. et Phys. Prof. 4to. in " Athen. Bat." This eminent Physician, who was equally remark- able for the quickness of his parts, and the solidity of his judgment, was a native of Aberdeen, and studied at Leyden, where, in 1611, he took the degree of Doctor of Physic. He was author of " Institutiones Pkysicw" and " Institutiones Me- JACKSON, SEGUIN HENRY, M. D. Drawing by Ward, 1817. JACQUES, FRERE. Pool plnx. P. Shenk del. et sc. Lithotomis omnium Europoeorum peritissimus. Born 1651. Died 1%7. His method, rude and unskilful as it was, formed the basis of all the improvements that have since been made in the operation, and of the present mode of performing it. 91 JAMES, R. M.U. Fine impression. W. Walker sc. I778. Author of the '^ Medical Dictionary." Dr. Johnson said of him, " No man brings more mind into his profession.'* The Doctor was his school-fellow, furnished some of the articles, and wrote the dedication to Dr. Mead. JEBB, JOHN, M.D. F.R.S. J. Hoppner pinx. J. I'oung sc. Died 17 85. ^Etat. 51. An amiable and learned man, who distinguished himself as an able and disinterested patriot, by many public speeches and political publications. He was cousin to the celebrated Physician, Sir Richard Jebb. JEFFERIES, JOHN, M.D. J. Russelt pinx. Caroline lVatso)i sc. 1786. One of the first persons who ventured to ascend in a balloon. JENNER, EDWARD, M.D. F.R.S. J. Hazlitt pinx. C. Turner sc. 1808. Died 1822. Gent. Mag. IMPERIALE, JOHN RAPTIST. Born laCS. Died 1623. 9^ INGLIS, JOHN, M.D. F.R.S. T. Reid sc. ad vivum. Physician to King William III. and Queen Anne. Died 1740. He united the different occupations of Physician in Ordinary to William and Anne^ and first Mar- shall, and then assistant to the Master of the Cere- monies, in the reigns of George I. and George H. INGLIS, ALEXANDER. Oval folio. Son of Dr. John Inglis; was an Army Surgeon, and died I737. JOELIS, FHANCICI, M.D. Amsterdam, \66^. JOHNSON, ROBERT. R. White sc. yEtat. 44, 1684. Author of " A Manual of Physic," 1684. JOHNSTONUS, ARTHURUS. M. Rifshrachius Marm. sculp. G. f^ander Gucht. sc. Died 1641. Physician to Charles I. more celebrated as a Latin Poet than as a Physician. JOHNSTON, JAMES, Jun. M.D. F.R.S.E. T. Burney pinx. J. Ross sc. Physician at Worcester I779. Died 1783. Matt. ch. xxv. V. 56. 93 JONES, JOHN. Chirurgeon. Born in Wales. Died 1580. He wrote '* The Dial of Agues," 1C)56; and "The Benefit of Ancient Baths," 1572. JONES, GEORGE. Drapentier fecit. Who modestly says, " to whom God hath given the gift of healing." He made " Friendly Pills, of the true Tincture of the Sun ; they make patients of all complexions laugh at the time of taking them, and cure all curable distempers." JOUBERT, LAURENCE, M.D. Born 1529. Died 1582. Henry HI. of France, who passionately wished to have children, sent for him to Paris to remove those obstacles which rendered his marriage fruitless. In this, however, the King was disappointed. Hutchinson, Chalmers. JUNIUS, ADRIAN. Born 1512. Died 1575. He came to England in 1543, and was Physician to the Duke of Norfolk. Besides his skill in Physic, he was an historian, poet, philosopher, and under- stood perfectly eight languages. Ilulciiinson. 94 JURIUM, W. SENTER. KENRICUS, DANIEL, M.D. F. White sc. iEtat. 32, 16S5. Dr. Kenrick practised as a Physician at Wor- cester. He was not a graduate, nor very able in his profession ; but was esteemed a man of wit, and a jolly companion. These lines, " Upon a Giant Angling," printed in the fifth volume of Dryden*s " Miscellany," are said to have been written by him: His angle-rod made of a stuidy oak. His line a cable that in stonns ne'er broke. His hook he baited with a dragon's tail. And sat upon a rock and bob'd for whale. RERKRING, THOMAS, M.D. F.R.S. Died 1693. He resided a great part of his life at Hamburgh, under the character of resident from the Grand Duke of Tuscany ; obtained considerable reputation ; and was a member of the Royal Society of London. His principal works were upon anatomical subjects ; in particular " Spicilegium Anatomicum,** which he published at Amsterdam, in 4to. in 167O; and " Anthropogeniae Ichnographia,'* printed at the same place and time. 95 KERR, WILLIAM, M.D. T, Phillips pin X. W. Say sc. 1813. Of Northampton. Surgeon to the Northampton Infirmary upwards of fifty years. KINLOCK, WILLIAM. Chirurgeon. Private Plate, 1787. KIRKLAND, THOMAS, M.D. F.R.S.E. J. R. Smith AC. 1 79 7. Died 1798. ^tat. 77. He wrote " Medical Surgery," and various sur- gical and medical tracts. Diet. Hist. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. III. KING, EDMUNDUS, Knt. M.D. Physician to Charles H. P. Lelii Eques pinx. R. PFilliams sc. Died 1705. He was originally a Surgeon, and saved the King's life, at a critical moment, by bleeding him. Evelyn gives the following account of his bleeding King Charles, vol. III. 5S0 : " iGSo, 4 Feb. I went to London, hearing his Ma*^' had ben, the Monday before (2 Feb.), sur- prised in his bed-chamber with an apoplectic fit, so that if, by God's providence, Dr. King (that excel- lent Chirurgeon as well as Physitian) had not been accidentally present, to let him blood (having his lancet in his j)ocket), his Ma^y had certainly died that moment, which might have ben of direful con- 96 sequence, there being nobody else present with the King save this Doctor and one more, as I am assur'd. It was a mark of the extraordinary dexterity, reso- lution, and presence of mind, in the D"", to let him bloud in the very paroxysm, without staying the coming of other Physitians, which regularly should have ben don, and for want of which he must have a regular pardon, as they tell me." The Privy Council approved of what he had done, and ordered him .5^1,000, but which was never paid him. KNIGHT, GOWAN, M. B. Librarian to the British Museum, and was succeeded by Dr. Maty. Died 1772. KNOBLOCH, JOHAN. Born 1529. Died 1599. KNUTTON, GEO. M.D. J. Jenner del. et sc. IJQ^. Magna est Veritas et praevalabit. KOLESERI, SAMUEL, M.D. KORTIIOLT, H. C. M.D. Physician to the King of Sweden. P. Sheiik sc. 1707. Dressed like a military man. 97 KUIPER. RUNDMAN, JOHAN. CHRIST. M.D. M. B. sc. KUPERUS, ALBERTUS, M.D. B. Bailly p'mx. J. Suydei^horf sc. " Institutiones Medicse," 4to. 1654. LAMOTTE, WILLIAM. A French Physician ; wrote " Traite complet de Chirurgie," Paris, 1722. LANE, TIMOTHY. IV. Patten pinx. J. Audinet sc. A respectable Apothecary in Aldersgate Street. LANFRANC. Fiquet sc. He is the first writer who lays down the rule to distinguish the wound of an artery from that of a vein. His works were printed in 1490. LANGIUS, JOHN CHRISTIAN, M.D. Born 1655. Died 1701. LATHAM, JOHN, M.D. F.R.S. J. Jackson R. A. pinx. R. IV. Seivier sc. l8l(). President of the College of Physicians. 98 LAVOISIER, ANT. LAWRENCE. Born 1742. Died 1794. Hutchinson. LAUBIUS, GEORGIUS, M. D. 1554. " Laubius ut Medicos frondesceret inter et herbas Nobilis frondentis nomen et artis habet." LAURENTIUS, ANDREAS. Physician to Henry IV. of France. Died 1609. His anatomical works are more remarkable for elegance of style than correctness with respect to subject, having claimed many discoveries known to preceding writers. LEAKE, JOHN, M.D. D. Gardiner pinx. F. Bartolozzi sc. Printed on satin. Died 1792. His publications seem not to be marked by any extraordinary depth of research, or any new dis- coveries ; but they are all of them sensible, prac- tical, and useful. The same character may be given of his style, which seldom rises to any remarkable degree of elevation or elegance ; but is always correct, perspicuous, and pleasing. 99 LEIBNITZ, GUL. GODEFROY. Le Fehure sc. Born 1646. Died 170G. LEIGH, CAROLUS, M.D. F.R.S. IV. Faithor7ie del. J. Savage sc. 17 00. He practised Physic with considerable success, and pubhshed the Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and Derby. LEMERY, NICHOLAUS, M.D. N. Pitun sc. Born 1645. Died 1715. Hutchinson, LEONICENUS, NICOLAUS. Born 1428. Died 1524. The first translator of Galen. Magnus Aristotelis doctor, vindexq' Galeni : Augurium, sospes ipse, salutis ago. It is to this Physician that we owe the first trans- lation of Galen's works. He was not much attached to the practice of Physic ; " I do more service," says he, " to the public, than if I visited patients, by instructing those who are to cure them ;" mean- ing, by his lectures and literary labours. Hutchinson. LETTSOM, JOHN COAKLEY, M. D. T. Holloway sc. Born 1744. Died 1815. 100 LEUHENHOECK, ANT. VAN. J. Verholge del. Born 1632. Died 1723. Celebrated for his experiments and discoveries with the microscope. Hutchinson. LEVENS, PETER. Holding an urinal. J. a sc. 1664. He wrote " The Path-way to Health." LEVRET, ANDREW. Chirurgeon. Chardin pinx. Le Grand sc. Born 1703. Died 1780. An eminent French Surgeon and Accoucheur, was admitted a member of the Royal Academy of Surgery at Paris in February 1742. He obtained a high and extensive reputation in his department of the art, by the improvements which he made in some of the instruments necessary to be employed in certain difficult cases (especially the forceps), and by the prodigious number of pupils whom he in- structed. He was employed and honoured with official appointments by all the female branches of the Royal Family. He published several works, which underwent various editions and translations, LIDDEL, DUNCAN, M.D. Died 1613. ^tat. 52. 101 LIEBERKECHN, JOHN NATHANIEL. N. P. sc. A Prussian Anatomist. He wrote on the Valve of the Colon, 17 11. LIEUTAND, JOSEPH. Physician to Lewis XVI. Born 1703. Died I780. LIMBERGIUS, GILBERTUS, 1560. Quantum Asise Medicos hoc tollit & evchit atas. Ipse ego tantum Arabes tecj' Avicenna veho. LINACRE, THOMAS, M.D. Born 1460. Died 1524. Founder of the College of Physicians and first President. Hutchinson. LINN^US, CARL VON. Hoslin pinx. Roberts sc. Born 1707. Died 1778. Hutchinson. LISTER, Sir MARTIN, Knt. Born 1638. Died 17 12. 1618. Alleyne, the founder of Dulwich College, sent his water to Dr. Lister with the fee of two shillings. Dr. Lister was the first Physician of his time: hence it appears, that the practice of deciding on complaints by viewing the water of the patient, was not confined at that time to empirics only. 102 LISTER, Sir MATTHEW, M.D. President of the College of Physicians. Died 1657. ^tat. 92. Physician to Anne of Denmark and King Charles I. Hutchinson. LOBEL, MATTHIAS. Scarce. Died 1615. The name of Lobel is familiar to all Botanists ; from it a genus of plants received the appellation of Lobelia. LOBB, THEOPHILUS, M.D. F. R. S. N. Brown pinx. J. Hulitt sc. Born 1678. Died 1768. ^tat. 87. A Physician of considerable reputation, was the son of Stephen Lobb, a dissenting Minister, and grandson of Richard Lobb, Esq. M. P. for St. Mi- chael in Cornwall. He was educated for the ministry among the dissenters, which he exchanged for the study of Medicine, and having obtained a diploma from Scotland, practised in London, and left several works on medical topics. LOCHNER, J. H. M.D. G. D. Henmann del. Died 1715. LOCKE, JOHN. Kneller pinx. Houhraken sc. 1704. One of the greatest men England ever produced. Locke was originally intended for the profession, took a Bachelor's degree in Medicine, and was 103 actually practising at Oxford, when accident brought him acquainted with Lord Ashley, afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury, and Lord Chancellor. His Lordship being advised to drink the mineral waters at Acton, for an abscess in his breast, wrote to Dr. Thomas, a Physician at Oxford, to procure a quantity of those waters to be ready at his coming there. Thomas being called away by other business, easily prevailed with his friend Mr. Locke to undertake the affair, who happening to employ a person that failed him, was obliged to wait upon his Lordship on his arrival, to excuse the disappointment. Lord Ashley, with liis usual politeness, received him with great civility, and was satisfied with his apology ; and being much pleased with his conversation, detained him to sup- per, and engaged him to dinner the next day, and even to drink the waters, as he had some design of having more of his company, both this and the next summer of l66j. After which he invited him to his house, and followed his advice in opening the abscess in his breast, which saved his life though it never closed. That cure gave his Lordship a great opinion of Locke's skill in Physic ; yet, upon a farther acquaintance, he regarded this as the least of his qualifications. He advised him to turn his thoughts another way, and would not suffer him to practise Physic out of his house, except among some of his particular friends. He urged him to apply himself to the study of political subjects, both ecclesiastical and civil. This advice proved very agreeable to Locke's temper, and he quickly made so considerable a progress in it, that he was con- sulted by his patron upon all occasions, who likewise 104 introduced him to the acquaintance of the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of Hahfax, and some others of the most eminent persons at that time. About 1669, he attended the Countess of Northumberland into France, with her husband, but the Earl dying at Turin, in May 16] 0, Mr. Locke, who was left in France to attend the Countess, returned with her Ladyship to England. On his return, he lived as before at Lord Ashley's, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, who, having jointly with some other Lords obtained a grant of Carolina, employed our author to draw up the fundamental constitutions of that province. He still retained his student's place in Christ-Church, whither he went occasionally to reside, for the sake of books and study, as well as the air, that of London not well agreeing with his constitution. LOCKYER, LIONEL. J. Sturt sc. Died 1^72. " The true Effigies here you may behold Of him, who, for preventing others' ill. Hath gained a Medicine far exceeding Gold, And known to all the world for Lockyer's Pill." His epitaph records, that " His Virtues and his Pills are so well known, That envy can't confine them under stone : But they'll survive his dust and not expire. Till all things else, at th' universal fire. This verse is lost ; his Pills embalm \\\n\ safe To future times, without an Epitaph." 105 LONICERUS, ADAMUS. Born 1528. Died 1586. Herbarum scribis solertl indagine vires. Est labor, est multae cognitionis opus. LORIMER, JOHN, M.D. J. Donaldson pinx. J. Basire sc, -^tat. 62, 1794. LORY, ANNE CHARLES. Died 1783. ^tat. 58. LOUIS, ANT. A. N. del. A celebrated French Surgeon, 1791. LOWE, PETER. Chirurgeon 161 2. In the fifteenth century he was appointed Surgeon to tlie King of France. Hutchinson. LOWER, RICHARD, M. D. A celebrated Physician in London. Died 1691. ^tat. 55. He was educated at Christ-church in Oxford, under Dr. Thomas Willis, of whom he learned to be an excellent Anatomist ; and that great Physician is said to have learned many things from him. Upon the death of Dr. Willis he succeeded to a great part of his practice, and was in as high rejjute as any Physician in London. He was the first discoverer P 100 of Astrop Wt'lls, which were formerly much fre- quented. He was autlior of several works, but his chief is " De Corde." In this book he lays claim to the invention of transfusing the blood, to which Francis Potter, of Mere in Wiltshire, had a prior right: published in London 1669, 12mo. LUCAS, CHARLES, M. D. T. Hickey jdnx. P. Halpin sc. Private Plate. Scarce. LUCAS, C. M. D. .S'/> Joshua Reynolds p'moc. J. M. Ardell sc. LUDWIG, CHRLSTIANUS GOTTLIEB. E. G. Houseman pinx. J. H. Haid sc. Born 1709. Died 1773. MACKENZIE, ALEZANDER, M.D. Water colours W. W. From an original picture by Foolston 17S4. He died Jan. 5, 1803, at Cromarty in Scotland, in his 86'th year. In 1777 he communicated to the Royal Society an account of a woman in Rosshire who lived four years without food, except twice in that time she took a draught of water. He was not much known in England, having practised the greater part of his life in Virginia. There have been many very respectable Physicians of this name, though none of great eminence. Dr. James Mackenzie, of Worcester, was, perhaps, one of the most conspicuous as a practitioner. He 107 wrote on health. Dr. Colin Mackenzie, of the Bo- rough, was also an able man in his way, as a prac- titioner in midwifery. He wrote in the periodical publications of the day, and gave lectures, which were well attended. His collection of preparations was bought by Dr. Or me for one thousand guineas. He died in the Borough about 1773, aged 70, leaving ^12,000 to his brother. MADDOX, JAMES, M.D. Caldwell pinx. Trotter sc. 1786. Physician to the London Hospital. MAGEN, BENJ. Hildebrand pinx. iiosbach sc. MALPIGHI, MARCELLUS. Born 1625. Died l6*i)4. ^tat. 67. An Anatomist of great reputation, and Physician to Pope Innocent XH. MARCHETTIS, PETRI DE. G. Georgi sc. 1647. Chalmers. MARCQUIS, GULIELMUS. Ant. Fan Dyck pinx. F. de Jode sc. .^tat. 36, 1640. 108 MARECHAL, GEORGE. Premier Chirurgien du Roi, Chev. de I'Ordre de St. Michael. Fontaine pinx. J. Daulle sc. Born 1658. Died 1736. JEt^t, 78. Hutchinson. MARQUARDl. Father and Son. MARSHALL. Apothecary. Scarce. Etching, MARTEL, FRANCIS. A French Surgeon about 1590. He wrote " Pa- radoxes," in which some modern improvements were anticipated. MARTEN, JOHN. Vertue sc. Died 1768. Prefixed to his "Treatise on the Gout," 1723, 8vo. Mr. John Marten, Surgeon and adventurer, wrote on the Gout and Venereal Disease. He was a lite- rary as well as a chirurgical quack. Swift, in his preface to the Bishop of Sarum's introduction, com- paring his Lordship's method of setting off the edi- tion of his works, says, it was " beneath any author above the size of Marten the Surgeon," who adver- tised " the seventh edition (many thousands of the former having been sold off in a small time) con- cerning secret diseases, &c." 109 MARTINIEHE, P. M. DE LA, M.D. Medecin et Operateur du Roy, 1671. He made a voyage to Norway which he published, MATIHiEUS, CONRADUS, M.D. A. S. Laniswarde del. et sc. Died 1659. MATY, MATTHEW, M. D. Bartolozzi sc. Born 1718. Died I776. Only 100 were struck off. An eminent Physician, and Librarian to the British Museum. He was an early and active advocate for inocula- tion ; and when there was a doubt entertained, that a person might have the small-pox this way a second time, tried it upon himself unknown to his family. He was a member of the medical club, with the Doctors, Parsons, Templeman, Fothergill, Watson, and others, which met every fortnight in St. Paul's Church-yard. MAURICEAU, FRANCISCUS. Boulogne pinx. Picart sc. Died 1709. He gave a new and scientific form to the Obste- tric Art. Hutchinson. Chalmers. no MAYERNE, THEODORUS TURQUETUS. Eq. aurat. Jacob. I. et Carol. 1. Magnae Britanniae regum archietor. P. P, Rubens pinx. J. Simon sc. Baron of Albone. Died 1^55- ^tat. 82. Sir Theodore Mayerne, a native of Geneva, is, perhaps, the only instance of a Physician who was retained in that character by four Kings ; namely, Henry IV. of France, James I. of England, and the two Charles's. The library at the College of Phy- sicians was partly given to that society by him, and partly by the Marquis of Dorchester. He was buried March 30, 1655. Athen. Oxon. V. I. p. 798. Vide J. de Neve's Monumenta Angli- cana, v. V. p. 23, No. 52. Hutchinson. MAYOW, JOHANNUS. Loggan del. T. Caldwell sc. Died 1679. From an original drawing. This ingenious Physician, who was Fellow of All Soul's College, Oxford, was author of many excel- lent works. Chalmers. MAYNWARING, EVERARD, M.D. R. White sc. ^tat. 38, 1668. He was author of many works ; his last was " Serious Cautions against excessive Drinking, with several Examples of God's severe Judgments upon notorious Drunkards, who have died suddenly." Ill MEAD, RICHARD, M.D. Born 16JS- l^'ed 1754. A'lkin. Hutchinson. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. I. 269. MEL, CONRAD. MERCURIALIS, JEROME. Born 1530. Died 1606. Hutchinson. MERRIMAN, SAMUEL, M.D. Richmond pinx. Corner sc. Died 1S18. ^tat. 84. MEREKLIN, GEORGE ABRAHAM. G. J. Lang del. J. J. de Sandrart sc. MEURISSE, H. E. Chirurgeon. */. Vivien del. E. Desrochers sc. " Affert Feriendo Salutem." MILICHIUS, JACOBUS, M.D. Born 1501. Died 155.9- Leucoris alma tibi felicia sydera currant, Sydera quae per me sunt tibi clara magis. MINSICHT, HADRIANUS. 1). Diricksen. Ilcanbiirg sc. Est hie Mynsichtus, qui nunquam ccrnitur ulli, Cernit euni nisi ovans in Cbvrnicfi arte chorus. 112 Vivida mens illi est, hilaris frons, osq' disertum. Cor animans, plenum melle poetifieo. lUius in scriptis sunt naturae abdita mirae, Miraclum mundi, dum sibi vixit, erat. MISCEBIN, Dr. A Quack. Ao fecit 1739. " Prenez des Pilules, prenez des Pilules !" MITCHELL, SAMUEL, M. D. A Physician at New York. Born 1751. Gent. Mag. 1810, pp. 33, 614- MITOBIUS BURCHARDUS. Died 1568. Quid te Mithobi melius quid doctius usq' est Ipse tuo ridet Phoebus in ingenio. MONRO, ALEXANDER, M.D. F.R.S.E. Raehurn j)inx> J. Heath sc. Hutchinson. MONSEY, MEPHENGER, M.D. Bromley sc. From a Sketch by Forster. A Physician of extensive practice and eccentric character. He was for many years Physician at Chelsea Hospital, and died 1788, aged g6, ordering that his body should be anatomized, and the skeleton hung up in the Hospital for the benefit of students. 113 MONTANUS, JOHAN. Wood cut. Born 1488. Died 1551. An Italian Physician, of so much reputation, that he was regarded by his countrymen as a second Galen. He was also a poet and orator ; in short, his reputation was so wide and illustrious, that he attracted the notice of all the academies and literati of his country. He was preferred to the Professor's chair at Padua, which he retained to the end of his life, though tempted to quit it by magnificent offers from the Emperor Charles V. Francis I. of France, and Cosmo, Duke of Tuscany. MONTBELG, JO. NIC. M. D. His hand feeling a pulse. MOORE, JOHN, M.D. T. Lawrence, R.A.plnx. G. Keating sc. 1794. Son of a Scotch clergyman, was born at Stirling 1730, and educated at Glasgow. He died in London 1802, highly respected as a man of letters and of general information. Gmt. Mag. MOORE, FRANCIS. Drapeiitier ad vivum. Doctor and Astrologer. " Vox Stellarum." MORAND, J. F. CLEMENT. Docteur Regent of the Faculty of Paris. Born 1726. Died 1784. 114 MOREAU, RENATUS. Renatus Moreau signalized himself by his com- ments and translations of Greek authors, and was at the superfluous labour of re-publishing the " Schola Salernitana," with all its ancient glosses. MORGAGNI. The celebrated Anatomist. MORTON, RICHARDUS, M.D. B. Orchard pinx. JV, Elder sc. Morton was a noted practitioner, and had a good deal of what was called *' Chamber-pot practice." " Alter matulas inspicit, et ubi morbum non in- venit, facit." Garth, Orat. Harveian. Chalmers. MOSELEY, BENJAMIN, M.D. Paye pinx. Mjrie A. Bourtier sc. Physician to Chelsea Hospital. Died 18]. 9. MOYLE, JOHN, Sen. Senior Chirurgeon. Mr. John Moyle styled himself Senior in his " Experienced Chirurgeon." His work, entitled " Chirurgus Marinus," published previously, was well received. It appears that he was " one of her Maj^'sty's ancient Sea Chirurgeons," 1702. 11.5 MUDGE, JOHN, M.D. F.R.S. Northcote pinx. T, W. Reynolds sc. 1795. Died 1793. ^Etat. 72. MULERIUS, PETRUS. Born 1647. Died 1599. MULIERUS, NIC. M.D. S. L. sc. 1647. MURRAY, THOMAS ARCH. M.D. S. Lane pinx. J. Young sc. Died 1802. MUSGRAVE, WILLIAM, M.D. S. Gandy pinx. M. Van Gucht. ^tat. 45, 1718. Died 1721. Noble, vol. III. MUSSENBROCK, PETRUS VAN, M. D. Born 1692. Died I761. NEWTON, JAMES, M.D. Died 1750. ^tat. 78, 1752. Author of "The Herbal." Noble, vol. III. NICHOLSON. Doctor of Physic. G. Lumley fecit. Private Plate. Scarce. About 1683. 116 NIEUWENTYT, BERNARD, M. D. D. Falkenburg pinx. P. Van Gunst sc. Born 1^54. Died 1730. NONINUS, D. A. EVARUS. J. IVeeneux fecit l6'2(). NORFORD, WILLIAM, M.D. G. Ralph pinx. J. Singleton sc. Bury 1788. Died 1793, aged 75. NOSTRODAMUS, MICHAEL. Born 1503. Died 1566. Wood cut. An able Physician and celebrated Astrologer. The following distich was written upon him by Stephen .lodelle : " Nostra damus, cum falsa damus, nam fallere nostrum est : Et cum falsa damus, nil nisi nostra damus." NYMMANUM, GREGORY. ^tat. 35, 1627. OCCO, ADOLPHUS. Wood cut. Born 1524. One of a family of Physicians of considerable eminence. When he had finished his medical studies under his father, a Physician of Augsburgh, who died in 1572, and at the University, he soon became noted as a practitioner, and in 15()4 was appointed Inspector of the Apothecaries, and per- 117 petual Vicar to the Dean of the College of Physi- cians. He died in 1605. Republished a " Phar- macopoeia" in 1574, which continued to be re-printed as late as 1734; and " Imperatorum Romanorum Numismata a Pompeio M. ad HeracHum," Stras- burgh, 4to. and foho. This is an excellent book of general reference, being a list of all the coins in every reign, digested into the years in which they were apparently struck. It was first printed in 1579, and again in 1600, which is the best edition. One afterwards published by Mezzabarba is not so highly valued, as this editor's additions are of doubt- ful authority. Among Gesner's letters is a learned " Epistola Graeca de Oxymeli helleborato, aliisque ad rem medicam spectantibus/' written by Occo, who was an excellent Greek scholar. ODDUS, DE ODDIS. Wood cut. Born 1524. OKEY, THO. OCTAV. M.D. Scarce. " Thomas Octavius Okey, Doctor of Physic, eighth and last of that name and number, son, grandson, and hath been five times father of a Tho- mas, &c. all born only sons, and all died so suddenly, though all in health, as also a daughter, that most of them were dead before any illness appeared upon them.'* 1690. 118 OKEY, THO. TERT. Medici nae Professor. M. V. Gucht ad vivum. Born 1674. Probably the son of the former, and equally skil- ful. They appear to have been both born Doctors, and to have as much inherited the healing art, when children as in age. Their Doctorships were fond of the rebus, as their hereditary one was a key in a circle, which, with great research, will be found to intimate the surname. OSBORN, WILLIAM, M.D. J. Hardy pinx. J. Jones sc. 1791. In arte Obstetrica peritissimus. OZAxNNE, CHRIST. Wood cut. PAAW, PETER. Medicinae Professor. Born 1564. Died 1617. PALFIN, JOHN. A Surgeon of eminence, born at Ghent 1^49, was much distinguished by his lectures in that city. He died 1730. Chalmers's Biog. 119 PARACELSUS, PHILIP THEOPHKASTUS. Bombast de Hohenheim. //'. Hollar sc. He lived in the fifteenth century. The cures he wrought were so surprising in that age, that he was supposed to have recourse to supernatural aid. In a picture of him at Lumley Castle, he is represented in a close black gown, with both hands on a great sword, on whose hilt is inscribed the word Azot. This was the name of his familiar spirit, that he kept imprisoned in the pummel, to consult on emer- gent occasions. Butler humorously describes this circumstance : Boinbasles kept the Devil's bird Shut in the pummel of his sword ; That taught him all the cunning pranks Of past and future mountebanks. PAPxE, AMBROSE. Fiquel sc. Died 1590. A celebrated French Surgeon. Surgeon tc» Henry H. Francis H. Charles IX. and Henry HL PARKINSON, JOHN. Title Page, l6'40. Apothecary to James I. Born 1567. Died 1693- 120 PATCH, JOHN. Surgeon, J. Ople pinx. E. A. Ezeklel sc. 1789. PARTRIDGE, JOHANNES. Physician and Almanack-maker. He was sworn Physician to the King, but never attended the court, nor received any salary. PATIN, GUY, M.D. Ant. Masson sc. Born 1602. Died 1672. A writer of much wit and learning, and Professor in the Royal College at Paris. PATIN, CHARLES, M.D. Born 1G33. Died 169^. PEARSON, GEORGE, M.D. F.R.S. Silhouette. Physician to St. George's Hospital. PECQUET, JOHN. Died 1674. He is celebrated for his discovery of the receptacle of the chyle. PELLET, THOMAS, M.D. F.R.S. In a cap, sitting in an elbow-chair. M. Dahl pi/ix. Mezz. J. Faher sc. Was some time President of the Royal College of Physicians, London. He resided in Henrietta 121 Street, Covent Garden, where he died July 4, 1744, greatly respected as a man of science, and as one who excelled in the study of belles lettres. This gentleman and Martin Folkes, Esq. prepared Sir Isaac Newton's " Chronology of ancient Kingdoms" for the press, re-published in I728 ; and either one or both of these learned editors added references, in the margin of that book, to several authors. Dr. Pellet presented several papers to the Royal Society. He also revived the annual ceremony of the Harveian Oration in the College of Physicians, after it had been discontinued, on account of some embarrass- ment in their finances. PEPYS, Sir LUCAS, Bart. M.D. F.R.S. Drawing by Edridge. President of the Colleoe of Phvsicians. PERRY, SAMPSON. Surgeon to the Middlesex Militia. PERRY, WILLIAM. Surgeon to a man-of-war. Proof. Oval. From Mr. Bindley's collection, PERFECT, WILLIAM, M.D. M. W. Sharpe pinx, IV. Say sc. 1802. PEREGRINE, J. P. W. W. del. 1820. From a miniature of the same size. R PERIZONIUS, CHRISTIANUS, M.D. iEtat. s8. PETEH, CHARLES. Aut. Schoonian pinx. Jas. Nutting sc. Scarce. '' Charles Peter, Surgeon, served King Charles II. in the Dutch wars. Surgeon of y* Horse Guards to King James, and Surgeon of the Household to King William, daily prepares his Cordial Tincture and Pills, which have cured thousands of y^ CoUick, Stone, Gravel!, Scurvie, and Dropsy, he supposes light to consist of grosser parts than ether, whose vibrations have greater velocity than the rays of light. He affirms that ether is the true cause of muscular motion." He published the third edition 135 of Dr. Richard Helsham's " Lectures on Natural Philosophy," in I755. The time of his death is uncertain, though it prohably occurred in I757 or 1758; for, in the latter year, an 8vo. came out, as his posthumous work, entitled, " An Essay on Corns," the editor of which informs us, that the copy was written by the author in January I747, and that it was the last perfect performance he completed. ROGERS, JOHN, M.D. Chantry sc. ^tat. 38. He was admitted to a Doctor's degree at Oxford l6()4. ROMPFIUS, CHRIST. CONST. M.D. Van Loo pinx. L. Cosshms sc. 1 666. ROWLEY, WILLIAM, M.D. Physician to the Mary-le-bone Infirmary. Born 1743. Died 1806. A voluminous medical writer, and author of a large work, entitled, " Schola Medicinae universalis nova," which excited little attention. He had much taste for music, and some for poetry, which may be easily believed, from the humorous fancy exhibited in his opposition to Vaccination. 136 RUSSEL, ALEX. M.D. F.R.S. Dance pinx. Trotter sc. 1770. Died 1770. Innocuas placide Corpus jubet urere Flamraas, Et justo rapidos temperat Igne Focos. Extorsit Lachesi Cultros pestique Venenum, Abstulit, et tantos non sinit esse Metus. RUSSEL, PAT. M.D. F.R.S. Ridley sc. 1805. Died 1805. ^tat. 79. Author of a " Treatise on the Plague," and an " Account of the Plague at Aleppo in I76O." RUSH, JOHN. Surgeon. Inspector General of Hospitals. Died 1802. RUSH, BENJAMIN, M.D. Philadelphia. Su lly pinx. Edwin sc. 1 8 1 3 . Born 1745. t)ied 1813. Chalmers. RUSPINI, CHEVALIER. The celebrated Dentist. RUTHERFORD, DANIEL, M.D. F.L.S. Professor of Botany, Edinburgh. 137 RUYSCH, FREDERIC. Born 1638. Died 1731. Whose ingenuity invented methods of preserving dead bodies from decay, and by a variety of anato- mical preparations, added many curious and perma- nent stores of information, unknown to former times. To him, hkewise, pertains the honour of discovering those valves which are of such important use, and explain so many phenomena in the lym- phatic circulation of the lower extremities. RYAN, JOHN. Surgeon. Died 1789. S. T. sc. RYMER, JAMES. Surgeon at Reigate. Many years Surgeon in the Navy, and author of various works. Vide Catalogue of Living Authors. RYNE, WILLIAM, M.D. Sturt sc, ^tat. 34. SACCHUS, POMPEIUS, M.D. Medicinae Professor. M. Odus pinx. F. M, Francia sc. SAFFORY, HENRY. Surgeon. Ridley sc. T 138 SALMON, WILLIAM. R. IVhite sc. MtAt. 43, 1667. He calls himself Medicinae Professor. Garth hints at him in his Dispensary : " Cowslips and puppies o'er his head he spread. And Salmon's works he placed beneath his head." SANCTORIUS. Born 1561. Died 1636. An ingenious Physician, who first directed the attention of Physicians to the importance of insen- sible perspiration. SAUNDERS, WILLIAM, M.D. Physician Extraordinary to the Prince of Wales, and Physician to Guy's Hospital. L, Ahbot pinx. C. Townley sc. Born 1743. Died 1817. SAUNDERS, J. CUNNINGHAM. Devis pinx. Cardon sc. Born 1773. Died 18 10. Founder of the London Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye. SAYERS, F. M.D. J. Opie pinx. IV. C. Edwards sc. Mi^i, 37. Author of several Dramatic Sketches of the an- cient Northern Mythology, a volume of Miscella- nies, Antiquarian and Historical, 1790. 139 SCAGLIA, ALEXANDER C^^SAR. Ant. Van Dyh pinx. P. Pontius sc. Died 1^41. SCALIGER, JULIUS C^SAR. Born 14S4. Died I558. The two Scaligers, father and son, were prodigies of learning and vanity. Joseph Scahger inherited from his father the most ardent love for study, the most ridiculous vanity, with a most caustic humor. His writings are a mass of useful materials and gross invectives. He was a literary despot. In 1594 he published a work on " the Antiquity and Splendour of the Scaligerian Race,** and he makes his father to be the greatest warrior, the most skilful Physician, and the best Latinist of the age. This flaming ac- count was refuted by Scioppius, who made a calcula- tion of the number of lies it contained, which he informs us amounted to 499. SCARBOROUGH, Sir CHARLES, M.D. Physician to Charles II. James 11. and William III. Vander^ucht sc. Born 1616. Died 1693. e read anatomical lect sixteen or seventeen years He read anatomical lectures at Surgeons* Hall for Hutchinson. SCHAFFERUS, GUL. ERNEST. M.D. Born 1590. 140 SCHARPUS, GEORGIUS. J. Bapt. Cor lolanus fecit . Philosophus et Medicus, Natione Scotus, Regis Christianissimi Consiliarius, et in Academia Mont- pelii Professor et Vice-Cancellarius, necnon in Bo- noniensi Archigymnasio Medicin^e Doctor, ^tat. Ivii. In the Bodleian Catalogue, under his name, is the following book : " Inst Uut tones Medicoe^'' a Claudio F» edit. Bon. 1638, 4to. SCHENEKiNS, JOAN. -^tat. 45. SCHNEIDER, CONRAD VICTOR. J. Sandrart sc, l66i). SCHOBER, GOTTLOB, M.D. SCHOMBERG, ISAAC, M.D. Hudson pinx. Sherlock «c. Died 1761. One of a family of Physicians, and celebrated for his contest with the College of Physicians. SCHOVEN. SCHREVELIUS, CORNELIUS, M.D. R, Persyn ad vivum fecit, SCHROERIUS, LUCAS, M.D. J. Fiches pinx. 141 SCHUPPACH, MICHAEL. G. Locher del. 1774. Hahare sc. 1775. Le Pharmacie Rustique. Oil Representation exacte de I'interieur de la Chambre ou Michel Schuppach, connu sous le noin du Medecin de la Montagne, tient ses consultations. SEBITUS, MELCHIOR. i^tat. 74, 1613. SENATE, Dr. Inventor of Aromatic Lozenges of Steel. SENNERTUS, DANIEL, M.D. Born 1593. Died 1637. Daniel Sennertus, the son of a shoemaker at Breslaw, deserves to be exempted from oblivion, on account of his many candid and well-ordered works, and his political virtues and talents, which raised him from the lowest station to the prime honours and dignities of his country. SERMON, WILLIAM, M.D. Skerwin ad vivum del. et sc. Was possessed of a palliative remedy for the Dropsy, by which the Duke of Albermarle was greatly relieved ; but he not long after relapsed into this distemper, which at length proved fatal. I^t Zoilists carp at what is past and done. Brave Sermon's acts shall live in the face o' th' sun. Great Monck, restorer of his country's peace. Declares from him his dropsy soon did cease. 142 SEVERINUS, MARCUS AUUELIUS. Med. etChirur. Professor, 15S0. SHARPE, WILLIAM. G. Dance del. 1794. ^. Daniels sc. Born 1729. Died 1810. Sharpe was many years Assistant Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and was eminent in his profession during the time he practised ; but he re- tired upwards of twenty years before his death, and was succeeded in his residence and practice by the late Sir Charles Blicke, who was also his fortunate successor at the Hospital, of which he soon became Principal Surgeon — a post he held to the last hour of his life. They were both good practical Surgeons, but their literary labors consist of a small pamphlet on Paper Splints, or, " A new Method of treating Fractured Legs," by the former; and a smaller one, " On the Yellow Fever of Jamaica," (1772,) by the latter. The celebrated author of the " Critical Enquiry" was of a different family. SHEBBEARE, JOHN, M.D. Died 1788. iEtat. 79. Author of " Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea," and 4 vols, of the Practice of Physic. 143 SHELDON, JOHN. Professor of Anatomy to the Royal Academy. Proof. From Mr. Bindley's collection. Son of John Sheldon, who practised as an Apo- thecary and Surgeon in Tottenham Court Road, a few doors from Black Horse Yard. Old Sheldon was in good practice, kept his carriage, and had two sons and two daughters. John was from his youth addicted to ingenious enterprises, and while at Harrow School was flogged for making a boat and floating it. He was always ardent in the pursuit of surgery; and when a very young man, had a great many pre- parations and subjects while at his father s, which, from some neglect, became known in the neighbour- hood, and nearly caused the demolition of the house. SHIELDS. Surgeon, Edinburgh. On horseback. Etched by Kay, 1791. SIBLEY, E. M.D. F.R.H.S. Dodd del. J. Pase sc. Member of the College of Physicians in Aberdeen. SIHACHT, J. O. M.D. «/. 31. Quinkhard pinx. P. Tange sc. 1^26. Born 1704. 144 SIHENCHZER, JO. JAC. J, H. Heidegger pinx. T, Lant so. iEtat. 59. SILVA, JEAN BAPTISTA, M.D. H. Ri gaud pinx. G. F. Schmidt so. 1742. Born 16S2. Died at Paris 1742. Docteur en Medecine, de la Faculte de Mont- pelier, Docteur Regent de la Faculty en I'Universit^ de Paris, Medecin Consultant du Roi et de S. A. S. M. le Prince de Cond^, &c. &c. He abandoned the Jewish religion, and studied Medicine at Montpelier and Paris. The Empress of Russia made him liberal offers to settle in her dominions, which he declined. He was author of a " Treatise on the Use of Bleeding," 2 vols. l2mo.; " Dissertations and Consultations of Chirac and Silva," 3 vols. SIMS, JOHN, M.D. Etched hy Mrs. Dawson Turner. Private Plate. SIMS, JAMES, M.D. LL.D. J. Medley pinx. N. Bramvhite sc. Born 1741. Died 1820. Physician to the General Dispensary, and many years President of the Medical Society. SINCLAIR, JOHN. Surgeon. M. A. Gucht sc. 145 SKENE, Dr. A. Robertson pinx. J. Collyer sc. 1804. Aberdeen. SLOANE, Sir HANS, Bart. M.D. An eminent Physician and Naturalist. G. Knellej' pinx. J. Faber sc. 1729. Born 1660. Died 1752. The sense which the pubhc entertained of his merit is shewn by the honors conferred on him. He was created a Baronet, chosen Member of the Royal Academy at Paris, President of the College of Physicians, and President of the Royal Society, on the death of Sir Isaac Newton. SMALL, ALEXANDER. Chirurgeon. B. Danbridge pinx. J. Fab^r sc. Died 1794. ^tat. 84. He attended Barton Booth the actor in his last illness, with Sir Hans Sloane, at which time (1733) he lived in York Buildings. SMITH, J. E. M.D. F.R.S. R. Pastorini sc. President of the Linnaean Society. 146 SMITH, JAMES. Oculist and Artificial Eye-maker. J, Trunk pinx. J. Pine sc. Scarce. Britain's Fam'd Oculist displays his Art In Couching Eyes, and bettering of that Part. His Skill is great, yet that's a nobler Skill Which can ye room of bad wth new ones fill ; This does my Friend, this he alone can do. Let Foreign Realms their Genius boast no more For new Inventions, unconceiv'd before. Since Smith, and all y* know him know 'tis true, Is English born, and loves his country too. Thus as our Monarch others does excell In wisdom, power, and in ruling well. So do his loyal subjects theirs outvie. As well in Arts as in sweet Liberty. SxMOLLETT, TOBIAS, M.D. Born 1720. Died 1771. A Navy Surgeon, a Physician, a novel writer, and founder of the Critical Review. SOLANDER, DANIEL CHARLES, M. D. A celebrated Naturalist, the pupil of Linnaeus, and the friend of Sir Joseph Banks. It is testified of him, that to very extensive know- ledge he added a mode of communication, of such peculiar modesty, that he appeared to receive instruc- tion, when he was bestowing it in the most ample manner. 147 SPINA, PETRUS DE. Born 1563. Died 16^2^. SPRY, Dr. Of Plymouth. Author of some papers in the PhilosophicalTrans- actions IjGj. STEVENS, Dr. STEVENSON, JOHN. Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, and Consulting and Operating Surgeon for the Diseases of the Eye and Ear to H. R. H. the Duke of York, and Prince Leopold. Drawing in water colors, from an original picture by Burch. STORK, ANT M. D. Who, on reading Dr. Stork's pamphlets a few years since, his unqualified declarations, and appa- rently well-authenticated cases — who could have doubted but that in hemlock we possessed a safe and certain remedy for one of the most cruel and inveterate diseases which could afflict mankind ? Unless the hemlock of Vienna be superior to that of England, Cancer is still without a cure. STRUENSE, COUNT. Physician to the King of Denmark. Beheaded in 17 72. 148 STUKELEY, GULIELMUS, M.D. F.R.S. F A.S. G. Kneller pinx. J. Smith sc. 17 21. Born 1GS7. Died 1765. He took orders, and was presented to the living of All Saints, in Stamford, and afterwards to the rectory of St. George, Queen Square, is better known as an Antiquary than as a Ph3'sician. In his medical capacity, his " Dissertation on the Spleen" was well received, but he succeeded best in throwing light on the dark remains of Antiquity. SUDERMAN, HENRICUS. SWIETEN, VAN. A. de St. Auhin del. G. Cooke sc. " Commentaria in Hermanni Boerhaave Aphoris- mos de cognoscendisi et curandis Morbis," 5 vols. 4to. SYDENHAM, THOMAS, M.D. Born 1624. The most eminent Physician and improver of the art that England has produced. Aikin. Hutchinson. SYLVIUS, FRANCISCUS DE LA BOE. R. White sc. He was Professor of Medicine at Leyden, where he demonstrated the truth of Harvey*s discovery of the circulation of the blood. He died l6'72, aged 58. He was the last of the chemical sect. 149 SYMONDS. Surgeon, of Chelsea. J. Faiiderhranh pivx. 1 730. G. White sc. TAPLIN, WILLIAM. Surgeon. Heath sc. I8O3. TAYLOR, CHARLES, M.D. T. Uwins pinx. C. Warren sc. Secretary to the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. II. 383. TAYLOR, JOHANNES. Chevalier Ryche pinx. J. Faher sc. In Optica expertissimus, multisque in Academiis celeberrimis Membrnm. Effigiem Taylor, tibi qui demissus ab alto est, Turba alias expers luniinis, ecce vides. Hie Maciilas tollit, Cataractus depremit omnes, Amissum sfilendens excitat ille jubar. MirandS, prax: sublata Opthalmia quaevis Artifici dextiae Gutta Skrena eedit : Ecee ViRUM ! cujus eingantur tempora lauro Dignum, cui laudes ssecula longa eanant. TEMPLEMAN, PETER, M.D. R. Coswai/, R. A. pinx. W. Evans sc^ Died 1769. ^tat. 5S. On the estabhshment of the British Museum i i 1753» he was appointed to the office of keeper of the reading-room, wliich he resigned on being chosen, 150 in 1760, secretary to the then newly instituted So- ciety of Arts, Manufactures, and Comnrierce. He was esteemed a man of great learning, particularly with respect to languages ; spoke French with great fluency, and left the character of a humane, gene- rous, and polite member of society. THEMMEN, PH. H. M.D. Silhouette. THOMASIUS, GODEFRIDUS, M.D. J. Kujjilki pinx. B. F'ogel sc. THOMPSONUS, GEORGIUS, M.D. W. Sherwin sc. ^tat. 50, 1670. George Thompson was author of '' The Pest anatomised," written when the Plague was in Lon- don. He was also author of " Epilogismi Chymici," &c. and several pieces in vindication of the chymical practice of Physic, against the Galenists. One of these was entitled, " Galeno-pale, or a Chymical Trial of the Galenists ;" to which one William Johnson wrote an answer, which produced a reply, namely, " A Gag for Johnson's Animadversions upon Galeno-pale, or a scourge for Galen." He wrote in vindication of Lord Bacon's philosophy, against the very learned and no less dogmatical Henry Stubbe, wherein the Galenical Method and Medicaments, as likewise Blood-letting in particular, are offered to be proved ineffectual, or destructive to mankind, by experimental demonstrations. 151 THOMSON, THOMAS, M. D. tV. W.del. 1822. Physician Extraordinary to H. R. H. the Duke of York, and Deputy Inspector of Military Hospitals. THORNTON, ROBERT, M.D. Lecturer on Botany. THOROTON, ROBERT, M.D. l^^alker sc. 1677. Author of the " History of Nottinghamshire." THORPE, JOHN, M.D. Wollaston pinx. J, Bayly sc. Born 1682. Died 1 751. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. III. p. 509. THURIAS, MARC. AUREL ^tat. 71, 1651. J. George sc. TICHMEYER, HERMAN FRED. M.D. Dissertatio de Calculis Biliariis, 1742. TICINIUS, MATTHIAS, M.D. M. Hailler sc. iGjg. TISSOT, S. A. D. Died 1797. ^tat. 70. A Swiss Physician, celebrated for his '' Advice to Men of Letters," and other works. 152 TOLET, FRANCIS. Regis Litho-Chirurgus. Montague pinx. Maillet sc. Surgeon to La Charite at Paris, I708. A very expert Lithotomist, published a treatise on that operation, in which are many useful remarks, either omitted or overlooked by all preceding writers on this subject. TOMLINSON, RICHARD. Apothecary. Title-page, 1657. TORRIANO, NATHANIEL, M.D. Highmorejil. pinx. G. fValker sc. 1761. He published an account of a particular species of sore-throat, which reigned amongst young chil- dren at Paris, 1749. TORTOSA, G. J. Ross del. et sc. 1S09. An Italian Physician. TOURNEFORT, JOS. PITTON DE. Born 1656. Died 170S. A celebrated French Botanist. Hutchinson. TRONCHIN, THEODORE, M.D. Professor in Medicine at Geneva. Listard del. Gaillard sc. Author of a work " De Colica Pictonum." 153 TROTTER, THOMAS, M. D. Orme pinx. et sc. 1796. Author of an excellent " Treatise on Scurvy." TRYE, CHARLES BRANDON. A learned Surgeon, and senior Surgeon to the County Infirmary, Gloucester, was descended from the ancient family of Trye of Hard wick. He was born August 21, I757 ; and died Oct. 8, 1811. Gent. Mag. 1811. TRUESDALE. Apothecary. Drawing by Hills, from a picture in the possession of Mr. Tegart. In great practice about 17()0. He Was formerly a partner in the respectable house of Walker and Nussey, of St. James's Street. TURNBULL, WILLIAM, M.D. W. Chamherlin pinx. W. Skelton sc. Died 1796. JEtat. 67. Physician to the Eastern Dispensary. He was of Wooler in Northumberland, and prac- tised in London about twenty-five years. TURNER, JOHN, M.D. R. PVkite sc. Junior Licentiate of the College of Physicians, I7 10. 154 TURNER, DANIEL. 31. Richardson pinjc. G. Vertue sc. Prefixed to his " Syphilis." Dr. Turner was a Physician of some celebrity, but too fond of displaying his talents upon paper. He wrote the " Art of Surgery," published in two volumes Svo. 1725, the second edition of which appeared in 1733, in three vols. Svo. ; '^ A Treatise on Fevers," 1739 : his " Syphilis" appeared in I732. His chirurgical works were chiefly on the Venereal Disease ; besides which, he presented the public with " De Morbis Cutaneis, or ancient Physicians' Legacy." He also sent to the Royal Society " The Cases of Insects voided by the Urinary Passage ;'* and some other papers. Turner was not regularly educated as a Physician, but as a Surgeon ; for he is mentioned as a Licentiate of the College of Phy- sicians, London, in 1726, and was then styled Mr. Daniel Turner. His cases are not stated in the most delicate terms ; nor was politeness amongst his excellencies. He died March 12, 1741. TURNER, DANIEL. Verelst pinx. Mezz. MizLi. 67, 1734. TURNER, WILLIAM, M.D. Died 1568. William Turner, Dean of Wells, and Doctor of Physic, acquired great reputation for his learning, and was author of the first English Herbal, which was in great estimation before Gerard's ; there is a 155 fine copy of it in Lord Spencer's library, printed at Cologne 15 68. TURNER, ROBERT. VAILLANT, JO. FOY. N. Hubert sc. 168S. Born 1665. Died IJ06. John Francis Foy, his son, was born at Rome 1665 ; he died 1708, two years after his father. Hutchinson. VALANGEIN, F. J. DE, M. D. L. F. Abbot pinx. J. Collier sc. 17<^4. Died 1805. VALLENTINE, MICH. BERN. M. D. F. Nunzer sc. Midit. 40, 1698. Gent. Mag. 1805. VALVERDUS, JOANNES. Nicolo Beatrei 1550. VAN BUTCHELL, MARTIN. Died 1814. ^tat. 80. Celebrated for his long beard, and long hand-bills. VANDER LINDEN, JO ANT. Medicinse Professor. Born 1609. Died \6G4. Of all the Hollanders of his time, Vander Linden, of a family demanding respectful mention in the 156 annals of Medicine, has a principal claim to distinc- tion, both for his valuable translation of Hippocrates, and his very accurate biograjihical catalogue of all the medical writers on record. VANDERWICH, CORNELIUS STALPART. S. Rusch pinx. A. de Blots ac. iEtat. 67, 1684. VAVASSEUR, GUILLAUME. A. I. pinx. Ficjuet st. Premier Chirurgien du Roy Francois 1. qui obtiiit pour la Chirurgie de Paris en TAnn*^ 1544 les Privi- leges de rUniversite. VENETTE, NICOLAUS, M. D. ^tat. Go, lf)9l, VENNER, TOBIAS, M.D. Faithorne ac. Born 1577. Died 1660. He wrote " Via recta ad Vitam longam." His " Censure on Bristol Waters,*' is the first treatise of the kind in our language. VERDRIES, JOH. MELCHIER, M. D. C M. Prenner pinx. Born 1679. " Vera ad Medicinam Via," 17 14. 157 VERDUC, JEAN BAPTISTE, M.D. Par de nouveaux secrets cet excellent Genie Penfetre la nature, explique ses ressorts ; Et ce qu'il nous apprend pour la sante du corps, En prolongeant nos jours eternise sa vie. VESSALIUS. T, Holloway sc. The most eminent and meritorious of tfie scholars of Sylvius. He was the descendant of a long line of medical ancestors, who had liourished in the polite courts of the Dukes of Burgundy. This illustrious man was born at Brussels in 15 Ms and made such progress in medical studies, that he was chosen Professor in the University of Louvain before he attained the age of twenty years. Thence he attended the Emperor Charles the Fifth, in his expedition against his rival, Francis the First, in which service he gained such reputation, that he was solicited to give lectures in various Universities of Italy. Before he was thirty he published his well-known anatomical plates, drawn from life, which deservedly entitle him to be reckoned the founder of rational anatomy. He died about 1674. VICQ, D'AZHi FELIX. Died 1794. ^tat. 46. A celebrated French Anatomist, one of the foun- ders of the Society of Medicine of Paris. VORSTIUS, ^LIUS EVARHARDUS, M.D. " Omnia Serio." 158 WADD, SOLOMON. Surgeon. R. Hills del. W. IV. fecit. Born 1745. Died 1821. WAINWRIGHT. Apothecary. JV. W. del. From a wax model in the possession of Mr. Badger. Father of the late Mr. Wainwright, of Pall Mall. WALKER, RICHARD. Apothecary to the Prince of Wales. Water-color Drawing, from a Picture by Hoppner. Born 1750. Died 1817. He was author of " Memoirs of Medicine," an excellent work, though very humble in its preten- sions, and written amidst the constant and pressing avocations of a fatiguing employment. From the studious compression of the subject, the style has not that flowing ease which a larger work would have admitted. This defect is, perhaps, in a great degree unavoidable. No book of its size contains more information, or more just reflections and ob- servations, on its subject. In the multitude of new books, all are alike competitors for notice ; the mere intrinsic merits of any work, if unaided by certain necessary expedients of the craft, is seldom sufficient to ensure public circulation. This volume was pub- lished at the author's risk ; no bookseller had any particular interest in its sale, no Review any parti- 159 cular motives to recommend it, and it is now, with all its merits, nearly unknown, even to the medical profession ! WALL, GILMAN. S. Harding sc. 1 7.90. Pharmacopola Cantabrigiensis. WALL, JOHN, M. D. A Drawing after Pine. Born 1708. Died 1776. He was elected fellow of Merton College in 1735, soon after which he took the degree of Bachelor of Physic, and removed to the city of Worcester, where he was many years settled in practice. In I759 he took the degree of M. D. Besides an ingenious *' Treatise on the Virtues of Malvern Waters,'* which he brought into reputation, he enriched the repositories of medical knowlege with many valuable tracts, which, since his death, have been collected into an octavo edition, by his son, the present learned Dr. Martin Wall, F. R. S. Clinical Professor of the University, and were printed at Oxford in 1780. WALWYN, WILLIAM. R, White sc. iEtat. 80, 1681. He sold Family Physic to cure every kind of Dis- temper by Sea and Land. 160 WARD, JOSHUA, Armig. Ed. Loving pinx. J. Faher sc. Salus Populi suprema Voluptas. Joshua Ward was a dry-salter of Thames Street, and afterwards inventor of certain medicines, which became a splendid foundation of fame and fortune to the lucky projector. Having failed in business he applied himself to Chemistry, and, in a propitious moment, hit on his famous Drop or Pill. With these and other powerful agents, he commenced a bold, and, generally speaking, successful practice, in a class of diseases which, previously, had been a stumbling-block to the practitioners of Physic. He met with great opposition ; but he silenced all his adversaries by a long list of hopeless cases, abandoned by the faculty, fortunately treated by himself. An aj)plication he recommended for the King's hand established his reputation beyond competition ; and a solemn vote of the House of Commons pro- tected him from the anathemas and interdictions of the College. We may judge of bis finances by the remuneration required of his Royal patient, which was, permission to drive his carriage through St. James's Park. WARDER, JOSEPH. Physician. H. Hulsebergh sc. JEiai. 58, 1693- Conspicuous by his " Treatise on Bees." I6l WARE, JAMES. Surgeon. Died 1815. ^tat. 60. His professional skill as a Surgeon and Oculist established his public fame, and will hand it to pos- terity with respect. No man was more sedulous to fulfil every incumbent duty — no one was more de- voted to improve every effort, to accomplish any object that could afford comfort or benefit in cases of distress, or in promoting the study and practice of his profession. He was the founder and first promoter of the School for the Indigent Blind. WARING, EDWARD, M.D. F.R.S. T, Kerrich del. Facius sc. Died 1798. ^tat. 63. Olim Matheseos Professor Lucasianus apud Can- tabrigienses, et Collegii Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae Socius. WARNER, JOSEPH. S. Medley pinjc. N. Branwhite sc. Private Plate in the possession of W. Norris, Esq. Died 1801. An eminent Surgeon, born in the island of Anti- gua in 1717, on the family estate, which he inherited, together with a ring, famous in history as the one given by Queen Elizabeth to the Earl of Essex, and which the Countess of Nottingham never delivered to the Queen, and this, according to the story, was the cause of Essex losing his life. By some means this ring had regularly descended, together with the Y 162 estate, in the Warner family. Mr. Warner was sent to England at an early age, and educated at Westminster school. At the age of seventeen he was apprenticed to Mr. Sharp, after whose resigna- tion Mr. W. continued to lecture. In I] 46, during the rebellion in Scotland, he volunteered his pro- fessional services, and joined the royal army under the Duke of Cumberland. In the course of that campaign he was recalled to London to fill the office of Surgeon to Guy's Hospital, a situation which he held, with increasing reputation, and great profes- sional success, for the long period of forty-four years. During this time his private practice be- came extensive, and his fame was increased by his valuable treatises on the cataract, the hydrocele, &c. and his still more valuable volume of " Cases in Surgery," 1754, &c. In 1756 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, in whose Transactions a number of his communications were published. In 1764 he was elected a member of the Court of Assistants of the then Corporation of Surgeons, and in 1771 became one of the Court of Examiners, in which office he continued to discharge his duty most punctually until the last month of his life. WARREN, KICHARD, M. D. T. Gainsborough pi fix. J. Jones sc. Died 1797. ^tat. 65. His eminence was not derived from patronage, from singularity of doctrine, from the arts of shewy address, from any accidental stroke of fortune, but was the fair and unblemished attainment of unpa- 163 ralleled talents. His power of mind, his felicity of memory^ that presented to him on every occasion the stores of knowledge, and the solidity of judg- ment that directed their application to the peculiar case, would have equally enabled him to outstrip competition in any other branch of human art. WATERHOUSE, B. iM.D. R. Reeve sc. Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine. WATSON, Sir WILLIAM, M. D. F.R.S. Abbot phix. Ryder sc. Private Plate. Proof. From Mr. Bindley's collection. Died 1787. Was educated at Merchant Taylors' school. He applied himself to the medical profession, and was complimented in 1757 with the degree of M. D. by the University of Halle and Wittenberg. He was a member of the College of Physicians in I784, and two years afterwards was knighted by the King. WATSON, THOMAS, M. D. Water color drawing. Formerly Physician at Tunbridge. WATSON, WILLIAM, M. D. R. Parr sc. Of West Stower in Dorsetshire. 164 WEBSTER, J. xM.D. Maria Ross pinx. A. Smith sc. ^tat. 90, 1801. Invented the English Diet Drink, 1742. He is contemplating a skull, and writing This emblematic truth severe Proclaims Mortality to Man j Thy Skull like this must soon appear, When time hath measured out thy span. WENZEL, LE BARON DE. J. Conde deL et sc. Oculiste du Roi d'Angleterre et de I'Empereur. WEPFERUS, JO. JAC. Born 1620. Died 1695. WERTHOF, PAULUS THEOPH. M.D. D. Vander Smissen pinx. J. J, Haid sc. WHITEHEAD, JOHN, M. D. Died 1804. A Physician, and preacher among the Methodists, in the connexion of Wesley, WHITAKER, TOBIAS, M.D. Medicus Ordinarius Caroli Secundi. /. Chantry sc. Died 1666. Miat. 60. Dr. Tobias Whitaker, Physician in Ordinary to King Charles II. seems to have had as utter a dishke to un])alatable medicines as the most 165 squeamish of his patients. He was much more a friend to the vintner, than to tlie Apothecary, and was as cordially attaclied to wine, as Dr. Archer appears to have been to women. It is very probable that either of them, as Physicians to the Court, would, in some cases, have prescribed both. He was author of " A Discourse of Water," 1634, 12mo. His principal work is " The Tree of Hu- mane Life, or the Blood of the Grape, proving the Possibility of maintaining Life from Infancy to Old Age without Sickness, by the Use of fflne,"" 1G38, 8vo. In the former of these pieces, he writes him- self " Doctor of Physicke, of Norwich ;" in the latter, " of London." He also published " An Elenchus of Opinions concerning the Small Pox," 1661 i 12mo. prefixed to which is his head. Granger. WILKES, RICHARD, M. D. Granser sc. An Historical Essay on the Dropsy, 1777. WILLIS, Dr. J. Nixon pinx. F. Bartolozzi sc. WILLIS, THOMAS, M.D. G. J^ertue sc. Born 1621. Died 16*75. ^tat. 54. Buried in Westminster Abbey. This print was drawn from an original picture of him at Whaddon Hall, which belonged to his granu- son, the late Browne Willis, Esq. and was left by his will to the Bodleian Library. 166 WILLMANNUS. WILSON, Dr. A Physician in India. " I remember him well — his lump-sugar was excellent." WILSON, GEORGE. Chirurgeon. ^' Gucht sc. JEtsLt. 78, 1709. Prefixed to his "Chemistry," 1721. It is vain for scientific men to endeavour to know how far their merit will extend, or how soon their fame may be eclipsed. Mr. George Wilson, who enjoyed great reputation, and had superseded Le- mery, his predecessor, was himself superseded by Boerhaave. WINSLOW, JACOB. Jacob Winslow, Doctor, Rector of the medicinal faculty of Paris, Interpreter of the German language to the Royal Library, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, and Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Berlin. He was born at Odesne in Funen. He died 1760. Eloge de 1' Academic des Sciences. Vide Ove Mailing; Deeds of the Danes, 29 1. Diet. Hist. Chalmers's Biog. WOLFANG, GEORGE, ^tat. 31, 1677. 167 WOLFANG, JUSTUS. Born 1521. Died 1573. WOLVERIDGE, Dr. Scarce. Cross sc. et excudit. Author of " Speculum Matricis, or the expert Midwife's Handmaid," iGjl. WOOD, ALEXANDER. Surgeon, Edinburgh. WOODALL, JOHN. Chirurgeon. G. Glover. Born 1569. This person was of great eminence in his pro- fession, wrote " MiHtary and Domestique Surgery," a " Treatise on the Plague," and " The Surgeon's Mate," 1617. WOODVILLE, WILLIAM, M.D. Physician to the Small-Pox Hospital. Silhouette. Died 1805. Author of " Medical Botany," " History of Ino- culation," &c. o^c. WOODWARD, JOHN, M.D. Oval Quarto. Mezz. IV. Humphries sc. 1 7 74. Born \66s. Died I728. Dr. Woodward was born in Derbyshire, May 1, 168 l66^ ; but his family was originally from the county of Gloucester, and his mother a Burdet, From a country school he went to London, as an apprentice to a linen-draper. Dr. Peter Barwick and Sir Ralph Dutton perceived in him the seeds of an investigating mind ; and, under their protection, he pursued his studies, which soon tended to natural philosophy. He succeeded Dr. Stillingfleet in the Professorship of Physic at Gresham College, in 1692. Nichols's Lit. Anec. vol. IV. 180. Hutchinson. WOODY ATT, GEORGE, M.D. A. Devis pinx. C, Turner sc. WORMIUS, OLAUS, M.D. G. IVengendorj) sc. Born 1588. Died 1654. A learned Physician of Denmark, who wrote on the Antiquities of his country and a defence of Aristotle's Philosophy. WRENCH, Sir BENJAMIN, M.D. Scarce. Oval, wig with curls. Died 1747. Mi-eX. 84. Was a respectable Physician of Norwich, in which city he practised for sixty years. A daughter of his married, 173(), Harbord Har- bord, Esq. Member of ParHament for Norfolk. YONGE, JAMES, M.D. fV. IV. del. 1809. 169 YOUNG, GEORGE. Surgeon, Edinburgh. Cooper sc. YWORTH, WILLIAM, 1692. Scarce. The effigies of (W Y) spraggish here you see. Who writes Mysterious Truths from Envy free j And though 's portraiture be but plain to behold, Yet are his writings tip'd with niagick gold : And by 's Industrious Labour hath found out Medicines which cure Pox, Scurvy, Stone, and Gout. ZACUTUS, LUSITANUS, M.D. Born 1575- ^tat. 66, 1642. An eminent Portuguese Physician. ZIMMERMAN, JOHN GEORGE. Born 1728. Died 1795- Celebrated for many works of genius, particularly his " Essay on Solitude." Hutchinson. MEMORABILIA. " A la v^rit6 ce n'est ici qu'un fragment, mais dans les travaiix les plus achc\^s des hommes il n'y a que des fragments." JOHN ABERNETHY, F.R.S. " And call Earle useful, Abernethy deep," Pursuits of Literature, So sung the learned unknown ; and Earle, himself an accomplished gentleman and scholar, and senior Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in contem- plating (1796) the rising fame of the young Surgeon, speaks of him as one, who, '' whether considered as a practitioner in Surgery, a teacher of Anatomy, or a Philosopher, deserved to be mentioned in the most encomiastic terms." ROBERT ADAIR. A favorite of princes, of women, and of fortune; married Lady Caroline Keppel, sister to Admiral Keppel, and daughter of the Earl of Albemarle. He was soon after appointed Inspector General of Military Hospitals, an office in which his frugality in the expenditure of the public money was con- 171 spicuous and exemplary, while his aftabihty and mildness of manners, were a happy contrast to the harsh severity and rugged peevishness of some of his contemporaries in the profession. On the death of Ranby the Serjeant Surgeon, a man of strong passions, harsh voice, and inelegant manners, Adair succeeded to a lucrative post, and subsequently accompanied the Duke of Gloucester in a tour through Italy; on his return from which, an opportunity offered of exerting his benevolence and philanthropy that deserves to be recorded. His friend, Mr. Hesse, of the Army Pay-office, an amiable man^ but without a solid understanding, had unhappily been seduced to form habits, and in- dulge in expenses, inconsistent with his rank and fortune, till the desperation of his affairs led him, in a moment of despair, rashly to venture on that world unknown, " snatching from God's right hand the instruments of death." The situation of a wife, deprived at once, by a shocking catastrophe, of husband, friend, and fortune, may be easily imagined ; the shock, to a frame tender and delicate, would have annihilated her ; hut, from the house of affliction, she was in- tantly conveyed by Adair to his hospitable roof, where she ever after experienced all the consolation that tranquillity and the soothing hand of friendship could bestow. JOSEPH ADAMS, M.D. Dr. Adams was such an enthusiastic admirer of John Hunter, that his thoughts and words were ever 172 about " Hunter," and he acted to the anti-Hunte- lians as if they were his personal enemies. This zeal produced his work on " Morbid Poisons," on which his fame, as a writer and speculative enquirer, chiefly rests. He was enthusiastic in every thing; in his profes- sion, in his religion, and his politics; and it is not improbable that he would have been more conspi- cuous in the medical, if he had been less so in the political world. His death was occasioned by a compound fracture of the leg, of which he died suddenly, a fortnight after the accident. He lies buried, with his ances- tors, in Bunhill Fields, with the simple motto of " Vir Justus et bonus!" emphatic and true. PAULUS ^GINETA. Le Clerc and others have condemned him as a worthless writer, although liis Surgery has been the subject-matter of most of the surgical books till modern times; and Fabricius ab Aquapendente, who is held in high estimation, lias thought fit to tran- scribe him in an infinite number of places. GEORGE AGKICOLA. A German Physician, eminent for his knowledge of Metallurgy, was born at Glaucha in Misnia, March 24^ 1494. The discoveries which he made in the mountains of Bohemia after his return from Italy, whither he went to pursue his studies, gave him such a taste for examining every thing that related to me- tals, that when engaged in the })ractice of Physic at 173 Joacliiinstal in Misnia, he employed all the time he could possibly spare in the study of fossils; and at length removed to Chemintz, that he might wholly devote himself to this pursuit. He is said to have applied to it with such disinterested zeal, that he not only spent the pension procured for him from Mau- rice, Duke of Saxony, but a considerable j)art of his own estate ; and when Duke Maurice and Duke Augustus went to join the army of Charles V. in Bohemia, Agricola attended them, in order to demonstrate his attachment, although this obliged him to quit the care of his family and estate. He dit^d at Chemintz, Nov. 21, 1555- JOHN AlKIN, M.D. A strenuous and consistent assertor of the cause of civil and religious liberty, and of the free exercise of reason in the investigation of truth. Of un- wearied diligence in all his pursuits, he was charac- terized, in his profession, by skill, humanity, and disinterestedness; in his writings by candor, by moral purity, and refined taste. HENRY AINSLIE, M.D. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. This eminent Physician was educated in Cumber- land, and was distinguished at the University of Cambridge by being Senior Wrangler of his year. For a sketch of his professional character, the reader is referred to a just tribute of fricndshi}), from the classical pen of the late Rev. William Ik-Ioe. Vide Sexagenarian, vol. I. p. 322. 174 MARK AKENSIDE, M.D. Akenside experienced an instance of friendsliip that has few examples, from Mr. Dyson, who not only took a house for the purpose of introducing him to the acquaintance of an opulent neighbour- hood, but most liberally allowed him ^300. a year, which enabled him to keep a carriage and make a proper appearance in the world. He resided some time at Hampstead, where he frequented the club and assemblies then held there. At these meetings Sir John Hawkins relates that he displayed those talents which had acquired him the reputation he enjoyed in other companies ; " but here," he ob- serves, " they were of little use to him ; on the contrary, they tended to engage him in disputes, that betrayed him into a contempt of those that differed in opinion from him." He was celebrated for his " Pleasures of Imagination," which Pope pronounced to be the work of '•' no every day writer." Akenside did not succeed as a Physician. BERNARD SIEGFRIED ALBINUS. Incontestibly one of the greatest masters in the science of anatomy the world has ever seen. Having applied himself to dissection, he formed the design of giving plates of the muscles, imagined various methods of determining more precisely their liga- ments, caused them to be drawn by the best artists, and far surpassed all that had been done before him. The fruits of his labours were three volumes, orna- mented with masterly engravings. 175 JAMES ALDEKSON, M. D. A distinguished practitioner at Norwich, and bro- ther of an equally distinguished Physician, John Alderson, of Hull. ALDROVANDUS. Mr. Bayle observes, that antiquity does not fur- nish us with an instance of a design so extensive and so laborious as that of Aldrovandus, with regard to natural history : that Pliny has treated of more subjects, but only touches them lightly, whereas Aldrovandus has collected all he could meet with. The expenses he incurred in these pursuits ruined his fortune, and it is said that he died in an hospital at Bologna, in 1665. PROSPER ALPINUS. Alpinus gives the first notion of the generation of plants. He states, " that the female date trees or palms do not conceive or bear fruit, unless some one mixes the branches of the male and female together; or, as isgenerally done, instead of mixingthe branches, to take the dust found in the male sheath, or the male flowers, and sprinkle them over the females." He was Physician to Andrea Doria, Prince of Melfi, and settled at Genoa ; but the Republic of Venice considering he would be an honor to their State, called him to fill the Professor's chair, with a salary of seven hundred and fifty florins. 176 JOHN ARBUTHNOT. A favourite Physician of Queen Anne, the friend of Swift and Pope ; possessing all the wit of die Dean without his virulence and indelicacy, and a considerable portion of the genius of Pope, without his querulous discontent. When a young man, he attempted to settle as a Physician at Dorchester, a town remarkable for its healthy situation, a circumstance unpropitious to the profitable practice of Physic. On quitting it a friend met him riding post to London — " Where are you going, Arbuthnot?" was a natural question: "To leave your confounded place, for a man can neither live nor die there," was his happy answer. He affords a striking proof how little misfortune can derange or exhaust the internal resources of a good man ; for "I am as well," says he, in a letter written a few weeks before he died, " I am as well as a man can be, who is gasping for breath, and has a house full of men and women unprovided for;" but every branch of his family passed through life with competence and honor. JOHN ARCHER. His sixth Sense, in more modern and refined times, has been given to animals. He was a mecha- nical as well as a whimsical genius, having invented a hot-bath, an oven, and a chariot. EDWARD ARCHER, M.D. He was a humane, judicious, and learned Phy- sician, and declined private practice some time be- 177 fore his death. His picture was painted at the private expence of the gentlemen who formed the House Committee of the Small-Pox Hospital. ARET^US. Authors are not agreed in what time he flourished, though generally supposed about the period of Au- gustus Caesar. It must have been before Paulus ^gineta or ^Siltius, as they both quote him. His works are valuable, and were edited by Boerhaave. JOHN ARMSTRONG. A man of genius, who, by his poem on the " Art of Preserving Health," has deservedly attained the reputation of a respectable didactic poet. In the practice of Physic he never was eminent, and as a medical writer he entirely failed. On one occasion he asserts, that the circulation of the blood was a discovery attended with no real use; and often de- claiming on the absurdity of the theory, he wisely calls corns sprouts of the rheumatism ; and, on the subject of secretion, observes, " that every gland has an occult kind of magical potier, inexplicable to the human faculties, of transforming blood." ANTHONY ASKEW, M.D. F.R.S. This gentleman was very conspicuous among the literati of the last generation, and was possessed of considerable classical erudition ; but he is better known in the present day as a victim to the disorder lately arranged in the catalogue of human woes, ujider the name of Bibliomania, A A Connected witli his name is the following conun- drum : What's Doctor, and Dr. and %^ writ so ? a Dr. Long, Dr. Short, and Dr. Askew. ASTRUC. A French Physician of great eminence, and his work, " De Morbis Venereis," though modern theo- ries have placed it in the back ground, was in the highest estimation, and translated into most of the European languages. His other works were also well known and esteemed by the learned of the Faculty. WILLIAM ATKINS. This great man was short in stature, fat, and waddled as he walked ; he always wore a white three- tailed wig, nicely combed and frizzled upon each cheek. Sometimes he carried a cane, but a hat never. His portrait was usually drawn on the top of his bills sitting in an arm-chair, holding a bottle between his finger and thumb, surrounded with teeth, nippers, pills, packets, and gallipots. He resided in the Old Bailey, and was the Solo- mon of his day. Some of his nostrums were com- posed of thirty different ingredients. AVICENNA. The number of his books is computed to be nearly one hundred. His " Medicina Sacra," printed at Padua, 1476, is in Lord Spencer's library. 179 MATTHEW BAILLIE, M. D. The elegant pen of the Sexagenarian has hghtly touched the character of this eminent Physician and Anatomist, and compares him to David Pitcairn : " It might indeed/' he remarks, " be said of them, that they were ' pene gemelh, neque in uUa re valde dissimiles '." They rose in their profession by the exercise of similar talents, and similar endowments. '* Both were remarkable for a strenuous diligence in accomplishing themselves in their profession ; both were eminently gifted with strong sense, sound judg- ment, acute discrimination, and patient investiga- tion." The accomplished scholar who dictated these sentiments is no more, and since these pages were in the press the illustrious object of them has ceased to exist, to the great loss of the public, and the still greater loss of the profession, who will long remem- ber the virtues that adorned him, as a Physician and a man. Dr. Johnson has said, that *' a Pliysician in a great city is the mere plaything of fortune; his degree of reputation is for the most part casual ; they that employ him know not his excellence, they that reject him know not his deficiency ;" but Baillie was the Physician of the profession, the elect of those who were able to appreciate talent, and greater praise cannot be given. It is true the fortuitous cir- cumstance of Pitcairn's retirement brought him sud- denly, from teaching the elements of his art, to the active practice of it. He was prepared, however, to take the highest post, by a life devoted to science, by many valuable endowments, and, above all, by 180 some of the most amiable qualities that adorn the human character. He was, in every point, a safe man, to the patient and to the practitioner. Dr. Baillie is one of the few instances of opu- lence being obtained solely by medical practice; for few indeed are they among the professors of science, when compared with the mercantile crowd, who are enabled to offer at that shrine, which is the general criterion of modern greatness. Sir GEORGE BAKER. Surgeon in Ordinary to Queen Elizabeth, and Master of the Company of Surgeons, 1597* A very different character to the learned Phy- sician of the same name, of our time. His " Phi- sicke and Philosophie" will be understood by the title of one of his works : " The Newe Jewell of Health ; wherein is con- tayned the most excellent Secretes of Phisicke and Philosophie, divided into fower Bookes, in which are the best approved Remedies for the Diseases, as well inward as outwarde, of all the Partes of Man's Bodie, treating very amplye of all Distillations of Waters, of Ovles, Balmes, Quintessences, with the Extraction of Artificial Saltes, the Use and Prepara- tion of Antimonie and Potable Gold, gathered out of the best and most approved Authors ; also the Pictures and Maner to make Vessels, Furnaces, and other Instruments thereunto belonging, faithfully corrected and published in Englishe, by George Baker, Chirurgeon, London, 157G." 181 Sir GEORGE BAKER, Bart. President of the College of Physicians. Dr. Garthshore, when a Surgeon at Uppingham in Rutlandshire, wrote to Dr. Baker, exhorting him to " make a bold dash and come to London," which he afterwards did, probably in consequence of this invitation. In a subsequent letter Sir George speaks of his own success, and of the gratification he had in hearing that Lord Sondes had said, that " Dr. Baker was a very able and learned man, who, he was sure, would rise to the head of his profession, and some day be Physician to the King." This prediction was completely verified ; for he became Physician to the King, and was certainly the most learned practitioner of his day. WILLIAM BARROWBY, M. D. He was the son of Dr. Barrowby, Fellow of the College, F. R.S. &c. whose character was an honor to human nature, while that of his son was the exact reverse, excepting in abilities and skill. This print was engraved by Miller, as a memorial of his gratitude for health restored ; the Doctor, with the liberality which attends most of the profession, having at- tended him gratuitously during a long and danger- ous illness. Dr. William Barrowby died young, of an apo- plectic fit. Being called in haste from the table, in the pleasures of which he was rather apt to indulge, to visit a patient of some consequence, he was sud- denly seized with a fit, and expired in his carriage before any relief could be afforded him. PETER BARWICK, M.D. Peter Barwick was brother to Dr. John Barwick, Dean of St. Paul's. He was a man of uncommon skill and diligence in his profession, and was very successful in his treatment of the small-pox, and for various kinds of fevers. He wrote an excellent de- fence of Harvey's doctrine of the circulation, and the life of the Dean his brother, in pure and elegant Latin. He was much respected by all who knew him, not only for his great abilities, but also for his great humanity and charity. GEORGE BATE. Physician to Oliver Cromwell during the Usurpa- tion, and author of " Elenchus motorum nuperorum in Anglia," in which he has drawn this portrait of the Protector: " Egregius simulandi dissimulandique artifex, qui sublatis in coelum oculis, dextraque pectori applicata, Dei nomen invocabit, lachrymabitur, precabitur, et aget pcenitentiam, donee sub quinta costa trajecerit alloquentem.'* Speaking of Charles the First, he says, the malice of his enemies pursued him after death ; that they circulated a report that he died diseased ; and, hav- ing mentioned the execution of the King, he ob- serves, " postea exenterandum tradunt medicastro cuidam nebuloni, cui in mandatis erat sedulo inqui- rere annon morbo aplwodisiaco laboraret, unde cap- taturi infamige occasionem." " Verum id Sceleris, in ovo oppressit Honesti Pectoris Medicus (Dr. Bate himself), qui corporis 183 dissection! ingerens, reverentia et auctoritate disti- nuit." The " medicastro cuidam tiebuloni " so ungraci- ously mentioned in the above quotation, was Theo. Trapham, Surgeon-general to the Parliamentary army, who was ordered to embalm the King's body, and, as is customary on such occasions, to replace the head, which operation he is said to have per- formed, not without uttering several coarse jokes and unfeeling expressions. ROBERT BAYFIELD. Th' Umbratic Shape ye Artist could but Grave, The SolUd Substance in his Booke you havej This but to life is Drawne, that Life gives : Here but the Person, there the Patient lives. Jo. Spkatt. This book was " Tractatus de Tumoribus praeter Naturam." JOHN BELCHIER. He was a very stout, heavy man, and a few hours before he died he fell on the floor, when his man servant, not being able to raise him, offered to go for help, he said, " no, John, I am dying, fetch me a pillow, I may as well die here as any where else ;** and very shortly expired. In the Gentleman's Magazine, January 21, 1743, is the following: "One Capt. Wright, who, as a patient, came to Mr. Belchier, a Surgeon, in Sun Court, being alone with him in a room, clapt a pistol to his breast, demanding his money. Mr. 184 Belchier offered him two guineas, which he refused; but, accepting of six guineas and a gold watch, as he was putting them in his pocket Mr. B. took the opportunity to sieze upon him, and, after a scuffle, secured him." Mr. Belchier related the circumstance to Mr. Cline thus : Wright had called upon him with a pretended complaint once before, and, on the second visit, when Mr. B. assured him he had nothing the matter with him, he replied, that was not all his business, that he wanted his money. Mr. B. had, as was usual with him, bolted the door on the inside. It hap- pened that there were some picture-frames on the floor, and, when Belchier gave his money, the man lowered his pistol, on which Belchier knocked him backwards among the picture-frames, fell upon him, and held him till the coachman got in at the window. CHRISTOPHER BENNET, M.D. A native of Raynton in Somersetshire, was edu- cated at Lincoln College, Oxford. He was a distin- guished member of the College of Physicians, and in very considerable practice. Mr. Wood informs us that he was author of " Theatri Tabidorum Vestibulum," 1^54; of " Exercitationes Dianoe- ticae ;" and that he corrected and enlarged Monfet's " tiealth's Improvement." His death prevented his publishing one or two books, which he had prepared for the press. 18.5 MICHAEL BERMINGHAM. This Surgeon was a native of London ; Bromley tells us he flourished about 1720. His name is probably derived from Birmingham ; there were Lords of Birmingham in former times. FRANCIS BERNARD, M. D. He was many years Physician to St. Bartholo- mew's Hospital, and in considerable practice. His library, in 1698, produced, clear of all expences of sale, upwards of sixteen hundred pounds, a large sum at that time. His brother Charles, the Ser- jeant Surgeon, had also a curious library, which was sold in I7II. The " Spaccio della Bestia tri- omphante," alluded to in the Spectator, No. S^9i was in this sale. Sir RICHARD BLACKMORE. A Physician of repute in his day, a conscientious discharger of his duty, as a christian and a member of society, but, notwithstandmg the elaborate eulogy of Dr. Johnson, an unsuccessful poet. Sir Richard, when a student, is reported to have applied to .Sydenham to know what books he should read, who recommended Don (Quixote, Whether he followed the advice is not recorded ; perhaps if he had perused, felt, and properly tasted that fine vein of solemn ridicule, so exquisitely sketched by Cervantes, it might have saved him from the satirical shafts of Pope, and prevented his devoting so much time to the Enchantments of Merlin, and the Puis- sant Knights of the heroic Arthur. B B 186 JOSEPH BLAGRAVE. Astrological doctors have been looked upon as little better than homicides. But, in Ibriner times, those were regarded as homicides who were igno- rant of astrology. Paracelsus will have a Physician to be predestined to the cure of his patient ; and says his horoscope should be inspected, the plants gathered in a critical moment, &c. Garth, who lived at the same time with our conjuror, alludes to a practitioner of this sort, named by him Horoscope, to whom the vulgar run, T'increase their ills, and throng to be undone, which would suit Blagrave, whose projects are thus advertised : " Astrological Practice of Physick ; discovering the true Way to cure all Kinds of Diseases and In- firmities which are naturally incident to the Body of Man ; being performed by such Herbs and Plants which grow within our own Nation ; directing the Way to distil and extract their Virtues, and making up of Medicines ; also a Discovery of some notable Philosophical Secrets, worthy our Knowledge, re- lating to a Discovery of all Kinds of Evils, whether natural, or such which come from Sorcery or Witch- craft, or by being possessed of an Evil Spirit ; direct- ing how to cast forth the said Evil Spirit out of any one which is possessed ; with sundry Examples thereof," Svo. 16*89. ANDREW BORDE. Borde was born at Pevensey, in Sussex, and brought up at Oxford ; but before he took a degree 187 there, he entered himself a brother of the Carthu- sian order ; of which growing tired, and having a roving mania, he travelled half round Christendom. On his return he settled at Winchester, where he practised with success. In 1541 he was at Mont- pellier, and probably took his Doctor's degree there, for he was soon after incorporated in the same degree at Oxford. His rambles, however, unfortunately terminated by his being made a close prisoner in the wards of the Fleet, in London. The reason of his confinement there is not dis- covered. He died in April 1549, his will being dated the lltli and proved the 25th of that month. He was esteemed a witty and ingenious })erson, rather given to mixing the ludicrous with the serious; it being no uncommon thing in those days to have a " lively picture of the Plague" given in a " Dialogue both Pleasaunte and Fytyfulle." One of his works commences with this curious prologue: " Egregious doctors, and masters of the eximious and arcane sci- ence of Physic, of your urbanity exasperate not your- selves against me, for making this little volume." WILLIAM BRIGGS, M.D. F. R.S. Died at Town Mailing in Kent, Sept. 4, I704, aged 62. He practised in London, and was much esteemed for his accurate knowledge of the anatomy of the eye, demonstrated in his works, " Opt/ial- mograp/iia" and " Nova visionis Theoria." 188 Sir THOMAS BROWNE. His " Religio Medici " was much talked of in its day, notwithstanding its greneral irrelevancy to medical subjects, resembling more the loose confes- sions of a sceptical philosopher than the religious creed of a Physician. His great work, on the de- tection of vulgar errors, was of a more substantial kind. JOHN BULWER, M.D. Was author of many books, the most curious of which were his " Anthropo Metamorphosis," and " Pathomyotomia.*' We might conclude he was of Irish extraction : St. Patrick, the old song says, " ne'er shut his eyes to complaints," and Bulwer in his " Instructions to the Deaf and Dumb," tells us they are intended " to bring those who are so born to hear the sound of words with their eyes r WILLIAM BUTLER. It appears by Dr. Wittie's preface to his transla- tion of Dr. Primrose's " Popular Errors in Physic," 1651, that Dr. Butler was born at Ipswich, had two brothers, the one a Dr. in Physic, the other a Gold- smith, who died without issue. " As for men, he never kept any apprentices for his businesse, nor any maide but a foole; and yet his reputation, thirty- five years after his death, was still so great, that many empirics got credit among the vulgar by claiming relation to him, as having served him, and learned much from him." Sir Theodore Mayerne records the following curi- 189 ous specimen of his practice: " A person applying' to him with a violent defluxion on his teeth, Butler told him, that " a hard knot must be split with a hard wedge," and directed him to smoke tobacco without intermission, till he had consumed an ounce of the herb. The man was accustomed to smoke ; he therefore took twenty-five pipes at a sitting. This first occasioned extreme sickness, and then a flux of saliva, which, with gradual abatement of the pain, ran off to the quantity of two quarts. The disorder was entirely cured, and did not return for seventeen years." WILLIAM BUTTER. A man of singular and coarse manners. Dr. — was one day introduced to him, when he remarked, " there was a fellow of your name at Edinburgh when I was pupil there, — are you his son ?" " No, Sir, I am his nephew," " Nephew ! — well — has he any children?" ''Only one, Sir, remaining." " Re- maining! what, has he lost any?" "Yes, Sir." " Did they die young r" " Yes, Sir." " Then he must go to the D — 1 !*' WILLIAM BUTTS. Butts took his Doctor's degree at Cambridge, and, in 1519, petitioned to be incorporated ad eundem at Oxford. He is highly cliaracterized for his great experi- ence, not only by the records of the College of Physicians, but he is also much extolled for his 190 learning by divers of his contemporaries, and Bishop John Parkhurst has several epigrams on him. He was knighted by Henry VHl. and attended that monarch when he confirmed the charter of the Surgeons of London, 1512. He is one of the prin- cipal figures in Holbein's celebrated picture at Bar- bers' Hall, where he is represented on his knees, with seventeen other persons, all looking as if the charter was their death warrant. One of them, AylifFe, had been Sheriff of London, and a mer- chant of Black well-hall ; part of his story may be learnt from his epitaph : In surgery biought up in youth, A Knight here lieth dead ; A Knight and eke a Surgeon, such As England seld' hath bred. For which so sovereign gift of God, Wherein he did excell ; King Heniy VIII. call'd him to court. Who loved him dearly well. King Edward, for his service sake. Bade him rise up a Knight ; A name of praise, and ever since He Sir John Aylife, hight. aiow, I. 67. WILLIAM CADOGAN, M. D. An ingenious Physician of the old school, whose treatise on the gout excited, in its day, much atten- tion. Notwithstanding Dr. Johnson said " all that is good he stole, the nonsense is evidently his own;" he treats of temperance and exercise very pleasantly, and gives the doctrines of Sydenham and his old 191 master Boerliaave clothed in good language. On the subject of wine he deals rather in paradox; a little " extravaganza," perhaps, was necessary to catch the public eye. He is said to have departed occasionally from his own maxims of moderation, perhaps considering it his duty to speak experimen- tally, to qualify himself to say with the poet: " Hand ignara malis miseris succurrere disco." CARDANUS. In his book " De Rerum Varietate " the follow- ing prophecy occurs : '* Necesse est anno Christi MDCCC magnam niutationem futuram esse in Christi lege." JOSEPH CONSTANTINE CARPIJE. Mr. Carpue has revived the Taliocotian operation with great success. This operation is as ancient as the year 1442. Elysius Calentius, a Neapolitan poet, writes to Orphianus, who had lost his nose, in these terms : " If you would have your nose restored, come to me. Truly the thing is wonderful. Branca, a Sicilian, a man of great abilities, has learnt the art of restoring a nose, either by supplying it from the arm of the patient, or by inflexing upon the part the nose of a slave. Having seen this, I deter- mined on writing to you, to whom no news can be more interesting. Be assured, that if you come, you may go home again with as much nose as you please." 192 JOHN CASE. Whole troops of Quacks shall join us on the Place, From great Kirleus down to Dr. Case. Garth. In one of the profound pieces of astrological bom- bast written by this singular genius, he gives an ac- count of the creation of Adam : *' Thus Adam was created in that pleasant place Paradise, about the year before Christ 4002, viz. on April 24, at twelve o'clock, or midnight." His name was latinized to Caseus, which was occasionally interpreted Dr. Cheese. Granger says the following anecdote of Case was communicated to him by the Rev. Mr. Gosling, in these terms : " Dr. Maundy, formerly of Canterbury, told me, that in his travels abroad, some eminent Physician, who had been in England, gave him a token to spend at his return with Dr. Radcliffe and Dr. Case. They fixed on an evening, and were very merry, when KadclifJe thus began a health : " Here, brother Case, to all the fools your patients." " I thank you, good brother," replied Case ; " let me have all the fools, and you are heartily welcome to the rest of the practice." JACOB DE CASTRO. De Castro was one of the first members of the Corporation of Surgeons, after their separation from the Barbers in the year 1 745. On which occasion Bonnel Thornton suggested " Tollite Barberum'* for their motto. 193 The Barber-surgeons had a bye-law, by which they levied ten pounds on any person who should dissect a body out of their hall without leave. The separation did away this and other impediments to the improvement of surgery in England, which, previously, had been chiefly cultivated in France. The Barber-surgeon in those days was known by his pole, the reason of which is sought for by a querist in "the British Apollo," fol. Lond. 1708, No. 3: " I'de know why he that selleth Ale Hangs out a chequer 'd Part per pale ; And why a Barber at Port-hole Puts forth a party-colour'd Pole ? Answer. " In antient Rome, when men lov'd fighting. And wounds and scars took much delight in, Man -menders then had noble pay. Which we call Surgeons to this day. ' 'Twas order'd that a huge long Pole, With Bason deck'd, should grace the Hole, To guide the wounded, who unlopt Could walk, on stumps the others hopt : — • But, when they ended all their Wars, And Men grew out of love with scars, Their Trade decaying ; to keep swimming. They joyn'd the other Trade of trimming; And to their Poles to publish either Thus twibted both their trades together.' " From Brand's *' History of Newcastle" we find that there was a branch of the fraternity in that place, as at a meeting, I742, of the Barber-chirur- geons, it was ordered, that they should not shave on c c 194 a Sunday, and " that no brother shave John Robin- son, till he pays what he owes to Robert Shafto.*' Speaking of the " grosse ignorance of the Barbers,'* a facetious author says, " This puts me in minde of a Barber who, after he had cupped me (as the Physi- tian had prescribed), to turne away a Catarrhe, asked me if I would be sacrificed. Scarified^ said I ? did the Phisitian tell you any such thing? No (quoth he), but I have sacrificed many, who have been the better for it. Then musing a httle with myselfe I told him, surely. Sir, you mistake yourself, you meane scarified. O, Sir, by your favour (quoth he), I have ever heard it called sacrificing ; and as for scarifying, I never heard of it before. In a word I could by no means perswade him, but that it was the Barber's office to sacrifice Men. Since which time I never saw any Man in a Barber's hands, but that sacrificing Barber catne to my mind." WALTER CHARLETON, M. D. Dr. Charleton, in his Discourse concerning the wits of men, seems to have anticipated some of Gall's discoveries. " If Anatomists proceed," says he, " with the same accurate scrutiny, and the like happy success, as of late years they have done, some one of them may at length be so fortunate as to find out the true uses of all the several parts of the brain of man, and so solve all the difficulties that now amuse those who profoundly consider the wonderful oeconomy thereof." Dr. Mead wrote under his picture Doclrina ornavit medicam Charltonius artem^ Vis animi serio jussit inesse decus. 195 GEORGE CHEYNE, M.D. A North Briton, and a Physician who enforced the doctrines he taught, by his personal example. This conduct created a host of enemies, who at- tacked, but never defeated, their intrepid antagonist. The following " jeux d'esprits," though often re- lated, prove this assertion. Dr. Wynter to Dr. Cheyne. Tell me from whom, fat-headed Scot, Thou didst thy system learn ; From Hippocrate thou hadst it not, Nor Celsus, nor Pitcairn. Suppose we own that milk is good. And say the same of grass ; The one for babes is only food. The other for an ass. Doctor ! one new prescription try, (A friend's advice forgive,) Eat grass, reduce thyself, and die, Thy patients then may live. Dr. Cheyne to Dr. Wynter. My system. Doctor, is my own ; No tutor I pretend : My blunders hurt myself alone, But yours your dearest friend. Were you to milk and straw confin'd, Thrice happy might you be ; Perhaps you might regain your mind, And from your wit be free. I can't your kind prescription try. But heartily forgive ; 'Tis nat'ral you should wish me die That you yourself may live. 196 WILLIAM CHESELDEN. This friend of Pope had himself a knack at rhyming, and he was more gratified by a compli- ment on a well turned extempore stanza than by being called, what in fact he was, the first operator in Europe. That he did not equal the famed trans- lator of Homer, the following couplet, produced by a melancholy accident at St. Thomas's, will clearly prove. A young Surgeon, soon after his election, had occasion to take off a limb, but in the hurry of business neglected securing the vessels ; the patient of course expired soon after he was conveyed to bed. It will naturally be a matter of astonishment that such an omission should escape the notice of the experienced practitioners at the young man's elbow ; under these feelings, and with this conviction, Che- selden wrote as follows : " Poor ! he did as well as he could, The crowd who stood round him were guilty of blood!" Cheselden read lectures on Anatomy at the early age of 22, of which the Syllabus was first printed in 1711. Such lectures were not then very common in England, having been introduced by Mr. Bus- siere, a French refugee, a Surgeon of high repute in the reign of Queen Anne. Till then, popular prejudice had run so high against the practice of dissection, that the civil power could not, without difficulty, accommodate the Surgeons with proper subjects. Their pupils, therefore, were under the unavoidable necessity of attending the Universities, or other public seminaries of medicine and surgery ; 197 the Anatomist who wished to investigate tlie subject more minutely being unable to gratify his inchnation. June 24, 1743, Horatio Townsend, Esq. citizen and Draper, and WiUiam Cheselden, Esq. citizen and Barber-surgeon, were chosen Sheriffs for Lon- don and Middlesex. Townsend paid his fine of ^400 and 20 marks, and Cheselden swore off, when James Dansic, Esq. Barber-surgeon, was elected, and paid his fine afterwards. The following is copied from the journals kept in the Town Clerk's oflSce : 28 June 1743. Willimott, Mayor. William Cheselden, Esq. citizen and Barber-sur- geon, appeared, with six other citizens (all Barbers and Surgeons), before the Court of Aldermen, and did then and there take his and their corporal oaths, that he, the said William Cheselden, was not of the estate, in lands, goods, and separate debts, of the value of ^15,000; he was thereupon discharged from the office of Sheriff, to the which he had been elected, on the 24th inst. LANCELOT COELSON. Coelson, sometimes written Colson, was author of a book, which he called " Philosophia Maturata, or the Practice and Operative Part of the Philoso- pher's Stone, and the Calcination of Metals, with the Work of St. Uunstan concerning the Philoso- pher's Stone, and the Experiments of Rumelius, and the Preparation of Angel. Saia;" Lond. 166*8, ^ 2mo. 198 THOMAS COGAN, M. D. Studied at Leyden, and practiced for many years in the United Provinces, was, in association with the late Dr. Hawes, one of the first promoters of that excellent institution the Royal Humane Society. Dr. C. is the reputed author of the " History of John Buncle, jun." WILLIAM COLE, M. D. This worthy person seems to have been of singular modesty, a rare quality among the faculty, in those days, according to Mr. Granger; who says, his beha- viour was such that he never assumed the airs of a coxcomb, a character in which they were sometimes imitated by the Apothecaries. " I once," continues Granger, " heard an ingenious gentleman of the faculty, who loved a pun, express himself upon the subject thus : many of us Physicians are coxcombs, and we have our imitators among the Apothecaries, some of whom may be called Me^a-physicians, not only because they follow us, but because they copy us.'* We have a portrait of the original coxcomb of that day in the following lines : Each son of Sol, to make him look more big. Had on a large, grave, decent, three-tail'd wig: His clothes full-trimmed, with button-holes behind. Stiff were the skirts, with buckram stoutly lin'd. The cloth-cut velvet, or more reverend black. Full made, and powder 'd half way down his back ; Large decent cuiFi:, which near the ground did reach. With half a dozen buttons fixed on each : Grave were their faces, fixed in solemn state ! These men struck awe ; their presence carried weight. In reverend wigs old heads young shoulders bore. And twenty-five or thirty seem'd three-score. 199 EURICUS CORDUS. The epigram of Cordus is illustrated by the fol- lowing conversation, which passed between Bouvart and a French Marquis, whom he had attended during a long and severe indisposition. As he entered the chamber on a certain occasion, he was thus addressed by his patient: " Good day to you, Mr. Bouvart, I feel quite in spirits, and think my fever has left me." " I am sure of it," replied the doctor, " the very first expression you used convinces me of it." " Pray explain yourself." "Nothing more easy; in the first days of your illness, when your life was in dan- ger, I was your dearest friend ; as you began to get better, I was your good Bouvart ; and now I am Mr. Bouvart ; depend upon it you are quite reco- vered." Bouvart's observation was grounded on a know- ledge of human nature ; every day's experience shews, that " accipe dum dolet"" should be the medical man's motto, particularly the more labo- rious branches of the profession, whose remunera- tion comes when the impressions of fear, hope, and gratitude, are almost eflfaced, and who are then often paid with indifference, hesitation, reluctance, and reproach. JAMES COYTIER. The anecdote of Coy tier's presence of mind with his cowardly master has been introduced, by the " Great Unknown," in an interesting scene in a late novel. The following letter to M. Cadonel, Prior of 200 Notre Dame de Selles, written by Louis, is truly characteristic : " Sir Prior, my friend, I most earnestly intreat you to pray to God and our Lady of Selles for me, that they will be so good as to give me a quartan ague. For my Physicians tell me, that I have a disorder of which I cannot recover, unless I am so fortunate as to have the quartan ague. When 1 get it, I will im- mediately let you know." JAMES CURRIE, M.D. Few men have left the world with a more amiable and estimable character, proved in every relation of life, public and domestic. In his professional con- duct he was upright, liberal, and honourable, with much sensibility to his patients without the affecta- tion of it; fair and candid to his brethren of the faculty; and though usually decided in his opinion, yet entirely free from arrogance or dogmatism. The powers of his mind were of the highest rank. His life, though much too short to satisfy the wishes of his friends and family, was long enough for signal usefulness and for lasting fame. ERASMUS DARWIN, M.D. A man of genius, a botanist, a poet, a practitioner in physic, and author of " Zoonomia." Dr. Darwin has been called a poetical man of science ; and a respectable critic has characterized his " Zoonomia," as a work of abundant conjecture and little fact. 201 THOMAS DENMAN, M. D. One of the most able practitioners of his day, and one who presents a rare instance of a man parting with his fortune in his life-time. Dr. Denman, with an ample independence, chose retirement and comparative obscurity, for the high gratification of benefiting his family, at a period when it is most valuable. His professional career has entitled him to fair fame as a Physician, and his latter days to that of a philosopher and philanthropist. EDMUND DICKINSON, M.D. On the death of Dr. Willis, which happened in 1684, Dickinson removed to London, and took his house in St. Martin's Lane ; where, soon after, Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington, Lord Chamber- lain to Charles II. introduced him to the King, who made him one of his Physicians in Ordinary, and Physician to his household. In l6§6 he pub- lished in Latin his epistle to Theodore Mundanus, and also his answer,- translated from the French into Latin. The title of it in English is, " An Epistle of E. D. to T. M. an adept, concerning the Quint- essence of the Philosophers, and the true System of Physics, together with certain Queries concerning the Materials of Alchemy." After the abdication of his Royal master James II. he retired from practice, being old, and much afflicted with the Stone, but continued his studies. He had long meditated a system of philosophy, deduced from principles col- lected from the Mosaic history. It came out in 1702, under the title of " Physica vetus et vera; D D 202 sive tractatns de natural! veritate hexaenieri Mosaic!, &c." In this he attempts, from the scriptural ac- count of the creation, to explain the manner in which the world was formed. His theory, though founded upon conjecture, and loaded with unphilo- sophical fictions, the author not only pretends to derive from the Mosaic narrative, but maintains to have been consonant to the most ancient Hebrew traditions. Though the work seems to have been altogether the offspring of a confused imagination, yet it was in such demand as to be printed again at Rotterdam in 1703, in 4to. and at Leoburg, 1705, 12mo. He also left a Latin manuscript " On the Grecian Games." ISBRAND DE DIEMBROECK Was born at Montfort, in the neighbourhood of Utrecht, Dec. 13, I609. After taking his degree of Doctor in Medicine at Angers, he went to Nimeguen in l6s6, and contimied there through that and the following years, practising during the plague, which all that time raged with great violence. This fur- nished him with observations on the nature and treatment of that disease, which he published at Amsterdam, in 1644, 4to. ; but as he pursued the injudicious plan of keeping the patients in close apartments, and gave them heating medicines, his practice was probably not so successful as his book, which has passed through many editions. In 1^42 he went to Utrecht, and was made Professor Extra- ordinary in Medicine. His lectures in medicine. 203 and in anatomy, procured him great credit, and were no less useful to the University, drawing thither a great conflux of pupils. In 1^51, he was made Professor ; he was also twice appointed Rector of the University, and continued in high esteem to the time of his death, which happened Nov. 17, 1674. His funeral oration was pronounced by the learned Graevius. REM BERT DODON^US. Dodonaeus is recorded to have excelled in a know- ledge of the history of his own country, and espe- cially in genealogical inquiries, as well as in medicine. His chief fame at present rests on his botanical pub- lications, particularly his " Pemptades," or 30 books of the history of plants, in 1 vol. folio, published at Antwerp in I5S3, and again in l6l2 and 1616. This is still a book of general reference on account of the wooden cuts, which are numerous and expres- sive. Haller reckons it " a good and useful work, though not of the first rate." CHARLES DRELINCOURT. He was a lover of Greek literature, and like his countryman, Guy Patin, an enemy to the introduc- tion of chemical preparations into medicine, which were much used in his time. He was also a strong opponent to his colleague Sylvius. Bayle has given him a high character. As a man he describes him benevolent, friendly, pious, and charitable; as a scholar, versed in the (ireek and Latin tongues, and in all polite literature, in as high a degree as if he 204 had never applied himself to any thing else ; as a Professor of Physic, clear and exact in his method of reading lectures, and of a skill in anatomy uni- versally admired ; as an author, one whose writings are of an original and inimitable character. Sir JAMES EARLE, F.R.S. Some circumstances attending Sir James Earle's death very much resemble those of Dr. Hunter. "The latter moments of whose life," says his biogra- pher, " exhibited an instance of philosophical calm- ness and fortitude that well deserves to be recorded. Turning to his friend, Dr. Combe, " If I had strength enough to hold a pen," said he, " I would write how easy and pleasant a thing it is to die." The last act of Sir James Earle's life, was to resign the honorable office of Governor of the College of Surgeons, which he did the day before he died. Having composedly written a letter of resignation, which he entrusted to Mr. Norris, and having arranged with him every thing connected with public business, he said, " 1 have now finished all that relates to this life ; it only remains to wait patiently the hour of death, which I feel cannot be far off, and if it pleases God this night, so much the better." Sir James Earle is entitled to professional distinc- tion as a writer ; his treatises on the Hydrocele and on the Stone, and his notes on Pott's works, are the result of accurate observation and extensive practice. Whatever difference of opinion may exist as to the principle on which Earle's mode effects the cure of the Hydrocele, there can be none as to its superi- '20.5 ority over all other operations. The universahty of its adoption, the facihty with which it is performed, and the comparatively slight suffering of the patient, justifies the calling it " one of the most perfect operations in surgery." His treatise on Lithotomy affords practical, useful, and important hints ; and his dexterity is evinced by a singular record of success. " My first operation," says Sir James, " was in the year 1770, at St. Bar- tholomew's Hospital, after which I occasionally per- formed it, in the absence of the principal Surgeons, till 1776, when, from the accidental inability of Mr. Crane, tlie operative })art of his duty devolved upon me; from that time I have operated on one third of all the Stone patients who have been received into that house, besides many in private. In the earliest part of that period, not foreseeing that I should one day wish to recollect them, I was not attentive to make memoranda of every case which occurred; I have an account of 47, but the total amount, unfor- tunately, I have no means of ascertaining. How- ever, I feel the greatest possible satisfaction in being able to declare, that of all the patients I have ever cut for the Stone, in public or in private, one only did not recover! and as there were peculiarities in the case of that person, in justice to the operation they should be noticed. " Among the number of patients also, as may be supposed, were many bad subjects, from age and from constitution, as I do not know that 1 ever re- jected one : yet out of them all, I repeat, that this young man alone did not recover." 206 This account was published 1 yf)^, making a period of twenty-six years. ELDRIDGE. Formerly a cut finger was not allowed to heal without " Friar's Balsam," which, for a long time, was supposed to rival the renowned " Balsam of FiRABRAS." "What balsam is that? said Sancho Pan^a. It is a balsam, answered Don Quixote, of which I have the receipt by heart ; and he that has it need not fear death, nor so much as think of dying by any wound. And therefore, when I shall have made it, and given it you, all you will have to do is, when you see me in some battle cleft asunder, to take up fair and softly that part of my body which shall fall to the ground, and, with the greatest nicety, before the blood is congealed, place it upon the other half that shall remain in the saddle, taking especial care to make them tally exactly. Then you must imme- diately give me to drink only two draughts of the balsam aforesaid, and then you will see me become sounder than any apple !'* EVERARD. What would Everard have thought of a modern Physician, who believed that the brain of immode- rate smokers became incrusted with a fuliginous matter, similar to soot in a chimney ? or of a medical writer who asserts that, in twenty-five years practice, a great number of cases of Paralysis have come under his notice ; in all of which, or far the greater part, the men were smokers and the women snufT-takers!! •207 Sir WALTER FARQUIIAR, Bart. The son of a respectable Scotch clergyman, born in the same year with George III. in the neighbour- hood of Aberdeen, where he received his education, first at the school and afterwards at the College, at which place he commenced his acquaintance with Dr. William Saunders. His outset in the profes- sion was as Surgeon's mate in a regiment ordered to Gibraltar, with which he remained on foreign ser- vice for many years. On his return he negociated a partnership with a gentleman in Marlborough Street, for whose character he was, singularly enough, referred to Dr. Saunders, which gave rise to a renewal of friendship that lasted to the end of their lives. By his sagacity and skill he raised himself to the highest honors of the profession, and he became the Physician and friend of some of the first politicians of the age. JEAN FEKNEL. C'est une opinion repandue qu'il guerit la sterility de Catherine de Medicis. Henry is reported to have said to him : '* Monsieur le Medecin, ferez vous bien des enfans a ma femme?" To which Fernel replied, " C'est h. Dieu, Sire, a vous donner des enfans par sa benediction : c'est ti vous a. les faire, et a moi a y apporter ce qui est de la medicine ordinaire de Dieu pour le remede des infirmites humains;" and, it is added, " ce qui reussit si bien, qu'apres dix ans de sterilite, la Reine donna a cet invincible Mo narque, cinq ou six enfans, qui valurent dix rnilles ecus chacun a ce savant Medecin !" 208 JOHN lOTHERGILL, M. D. A learned Quaker, and one of the most successful practitioners of his time, his income, in the years 1775 and 1776, being estimated at ^8000 per ann. He was supposed to have died worth nearly one hundred thousand pounds, notwithstanding he was conspicuous through life for his private cliarities and his public benefactions. FREAKE. Freake, of St. Bartholomew's, had a cousin, Jus- tice Freake, who surpassed his electrical cousin, and published a large collection of his own and his lViend*s dreams^ in I719, all of which he pro- nounced divine inspiration. " Sorania neque sua neque aliena de se negligebat." Suetonius. He thought these fancies of the night of great im- portance to private persons, but still more to the potentates of Europe. His interpretations were even wilder than the dreams ; and he was so scru- pulously exact in his noctuary, that nothing, how- ever trivial or obscure, is omitted. This dreamer of dreams was the person, it is supposed, who gave the coins and medals to the University of Oxford, which are now in the Bodleian collection. GALL. No part of the human frame has been so much the subject of fanciful speculation as the brain. We may guess at its purposes and functions, but no more; for whenever we attempt to enter into the 209 manner in which material and immaterial agencies operate on each other, the discussion terminates in so many suppositions, more or less ingenious, as to the unknown operation of an unknown something. The speculations of Messrs. Gall and Spurzheim, however ingenious, are extremely fanciful and en- tertaining, and abound with wonderful facts. Many amusing stories are related, but particularly of Gall. He attended a minister who was sane on one side of his head and not on the other. With his right side he judged of the insanity of the left. Tiedeman tells a similar story (p. 144). Gall also had a friend who could not think with the left side of his head ; the right side being one inch higher than the left (p. 179). Spurzheim wishes these little irre- gularities could be remedied : " I certainly do greatly wish," says he, " that it were possible to prevent, by artificial pressure, the growth of certain parts of the brain " (p. 223). All good men must regret the impossibility of controlling, by " artificial ^^ressure," the evil propensities of man ! Sir SAMUEL GARTH. A learned and very able Physician, rendered me- morable by his poem, called, " The Dispensary." He was born in the county of York, and educated at Peter-house, in Cambridge, where he regularly took his degrees in physic. He practised in London, and was admitted a fellow of the College of Phy- sicians July 26, 1692, and became one of their cen- sors in 1702. Such was the violence of party at that period, that a Whig conceived he could no B E 210 more be cured by a Tory, than a Tory by a Whig Physician. The Esculapius of the former was Garth ; of the latter Ratchfte; who being frightened to death, as it is said, by the threats of the Tories, for not keep- ing Queen Anne aHve, Garth remained without a rival ; and, consequently, on the accession of Geo. I. he was appointed Physician in Ordinary, and Phy- sician-general to his army ; and the sword of the hero of Blenheim was made use of in conferring the honour of knighthood upon him. The "Dis- pensary" introduced Garth to the Kit Cat Club. Physicians are celebrated in our annals as wits, poets, and virtuosi : the names of Freind, Grew, Mead, Garth, Akenside, Armstrong, Granger, and Goldsmith, must ever be remembered with respect. Garth, more celebrated for his abilities than his piety, lived an epicure, and died a latitudinarian. He said, when expiring, " I am glad of it, being weary of having my shoes pulled on and off." Pope, however, declared that he died in the communion of the church of Rome, and that " his death was very heroical, and yet unaffected enough to have made a saint or a philosopher famous." Garth was as universally liked as any private per- son of his day. He was mild and complacent, though a zealous party-man, and kind, though a wit. Pope, who certainly did not resemble him in these respects, always speaks of him with the most decided affection. '* Well-natur d Garth, inflamed with early praise 3" And, " If ever there was a good Christian, with- ^211 out knowing himself to be one, Garth was that man." He inscribed to him his second Pastoral, rather un- luckily, being the worst of the four. Lord Lans- downe, too, addressed some verses to him, when dangerously ill, in a high strain of compliment, which it is to be hoped were dictated only by the ardour of friendship. " Machaon sick ! in ev'ry face we find His danger is the danger of mankind ; Whose art protecting, Nature would expire But by a deluge or the gen'ral fire." And, as if this were not enough, mark the conclu- sion : " Sire of all arts, defend tliy darling son. Restore the man whose life 's so much our own j On whom, like Atlas, all the world 's reclin'd. And, by preserving Garth, preserve mankind." ** Well meant hyperboles," as Lord Orford observes, on another occasion, " upon a man who never used any/» MAXWELL GARTHSHORE, M.D. What is called the destiny of most men in life, turns chiefly on the manner in which their time is spent from 20 to 30. During his residence at Upping- ham, Dr. Garthshore laid the foundation of many valuable friendships, some of which had a decisive influence on his future proceedings. Among these may be mentioned that of Lord Carberry ; of Geo. Brudenell, Esq. 40 years member for the county ; of Dr. afterwards Sir George Baker, a name, as his elegant latinity attests, not less eminent as a scholar 212 than as a Physician ; Dr. R. Pulteney, highly dis- tinguished as a Botanist; and, perhaps, above all, the late Dean of Christ Church, Dr. Cyril Jackson. Indeed, from a very early period of hfe, Dr. Garthshore had the happiness of exciting good will and confidence in men of eminent character. In Lord Charles Hay's regiment he had been profes- sionally connected with Mr. Huck, a gentleman vv^ho, through the discerning patronage of Sir John Pringle, a wealthy marriage with the niece of Ad- miral Sir Charles Saunders, and his own profes- sional merits, acquired much consideration in Lon- don as Dr. Huck Saunders. At his death, above 30 years after their acquaintance and intimacy, this gentleman named Dr. Garthshore one of the guar- dians to his daughters ; the elder of whom is now Viscountess Melville, and the younger Countess of Westmoreland. Considerably before this time Dr. Baker had re- moved to London, where he speedily attained that eminence as a Physician, so well merited by his abilities. This was a great inducement for his friend Garth, as he jocularly called him, to follow. Sir George Baker used to sav that Garth and Shore were two halfs better than the whole. As an Accoucheur he was acknowledged by the best judges to have had the following admirable qualities : " He was extremely patient, as long as patience was a virtue ; and in cases of difficulty or of extreme danger, he decided with quickness and great judgment; and he had always a mind suf- ficiently firm to enable his hands to execute that 213 which his head had dictated." Sir George Baker made him acquainted with the celebrated Dr. Wil- ham Hunter, through whose recommendation and interest Dr. Garthshore was chosen Physician to the Hospital in Brownlow Street. Dr. GRAHAM. The success which attended this genius of non- sense may be considered as a proof, that the most gross and palpable absurdity will find zealous dis- ciples and warm encouragers. *' 11 n'y a pas un sot, qui ne trouve pas un plus grand sot qui Padmire." VALENTINE GREATRAKS. This singular person, according to Mr. Boyle, was of " great honesty and exemplary sobriety," taking no gratuity for his performances ; and curing a pro- digious number of cases where King Charles II. had failed, as testified by Boyle, Cudworth, Bishop Wilkins, and the wisest of all Surgeons, Surgeon Wiseman, who affirms that the King's touch had cured more in one year than all the Surgeons in London had done in an age ! An hereditary race of Machaons, in Scotland, of the name of Macdo- nald, have subsequently performed the same opera- tion, calling it Glacath, which is, handling the part affected, and muttering certain words. They also were of " great honesty," and never accepted of a fee on any entreaty. After the Restoration, great multitudes flocked to receive the benefit of the Royal touch, insomuch 214 that " six or seven persons were crushed to death, pressing at the Chirurgeon's doore for tickets." Eve- lyn's Joiirn. vol. II, p. 571. In 1682 the King touched 8577, and Browne remarks, that notwith- standing the numbers were so great as to amount to a considerable portion of the whole nation, yet upon any new declaration of healing, they were again as fast as if none had applied before, '' A thing as monstrous as strange!" Notwithstanding this, it began to decline : Oliver Cromwell tried in vain to exercise this Royal prerogative; and, in 1684, Tho- mas Rosewell was tried for high treason, because he spoke with contempt of King Charles's pretensions to the cure of Scrophula. Charles Bernard, who had made this touching the subject of raillery all his life-time, till he became Serjeant Surgeon, and found it a good perquisite, solved all difficulties by saying with a jeer, " Really one could not have thought it, if one had not seen it.'* The Hon. Daines Barrington, in his " Observa- tions on our antient Statutes," p. 107, tells us of an old man, a witness in a cause, who averred, that when Queen Anne was at Oxford, she touched him, whilst a child, for the Evil. Mr. Barrington, when he had finished his evidence, " asked him whether he was really cured ? upon which he an- swered, with a significant smile, that he believed himself never to have had a complaint that deserved to be considered as the Evil, but that his parents were poor, and had no objection to the hit of Gold." This accounts for the great resort of 215 patients and the supposed miraculous cures on this occasion. This now exploded royal gift is thus described by Shakspeare : " strangely visited people. All swoln and ulcerous, pitiful to the eye. The mere despair of Surgery, he cures } Hanging a golden stamp about their necks. Put on with holy prayers." Macbeth. The origin of touching for King's Evil is thus accounted for by Stow, in his " Annals:" a young woman, afflicted with the disorder alluded to in a very alarming and disgusting degree, and feeling the unea- siness and pain consequent to it in her sleep, dreamt that she should be cured by the simple operation of having the part washed by the King. Applica- tion was made by her friends, and Edward humanely consented to undertake the disagreeable task: a basin of water was brought, and he carefully softened the tumors till the skin broke, and the contents were discharged ; the sign of the cross was added, and the female retired, with an assurance of his protec- tion during the remainder of the cure, which was effected within a week. The obsolete practice of Greatraks has, in a de- gree, appeared again in the shape oi J'riction, and has revived in full force in the process of thumbing and rubbing, as applied by certain adepts to distor- tions, who have not the same scrupulous difficulties that Greatraks and the Macdonalds had about the Honorarium. 216 THOIMAS GREENHILL. We have often heard of the medical pretensions of the " Seventh son of a seventh son," but Green- hill founds his on being the youngest of thirty-nine children^ by one man and his only wife. In his work he details the funeral ceremonies, and the several ways of preserving dead bodies, in most nations of the world. Russell, an undertaker, had practised this art before Greenhill ; and Ives, an undertaker in King William's reign, made a large fortune by embalming. Evelyn, in his Journal, vol. II. p. 542, has this memorandum : " 1682, March 24. I went to see the corpse of that obstinate creature. Col. Yrats, y^ King per- mitting that his body should be transported to his owne country, he being of a good family, and one of the first embalmed by a particular art, invented by one William Russell, a coffin-maker, which pre- served the body without disbowelling, or to appear- ance using any bituminous matter. The flesh was florid, soft, and full, as if the person were onely sleeping. He had now been dead near 15 daies, and lay exposed in a very rich coffin lin'd with lead, too magnificent for so darinj^ and horrid a murderer." RICHARD GRINDALL, F.R.S. One of the Surgeons Extraordinary to the Prince of Wales, more than 40 years Surgeon to the Lon- don Hospital, and Warden of the Surgeons' Company in 1788. His only publication was a remarkable 'il7 case of the efficacy of the bark in a mortification, in Phil. Trans, vol. L. JOHN HALLE. '* Master John Halle, a most famous man," was one of the first English Surgeons who attempted to treat on Anatomy, which Halle did, very much to his own satisfaction, in a " Very useful and neces- sarie briefe Worke of Anatomic ;" he saying, that it was a more useful and profitable one of the kind, than any that had hitherto been published in the English language. A notion of the previous state of anatomical works may be formed, when it is stated, that this satisfactory performance contained two rude wood-cuts, exhibiting a front and back view of the human figure, with a few references to the names of the external parts. At this time Surgery was distinct from Medicine, but united with the office and occupation of the Barber ; Capitis Rasura being expressly mentioned in a warrant issued to the King's Surgeons, 1454, as part of their duty. The state of Surgery, therefore, was such as might naturally be expected ; '^ many rotted and perished for lack of help of Surgery, and daily died." To re- medy these evils, the Honorable Baron John Lord Lumley, and the learned Richard Caldwell, Doctor in Physic, did institute a public lecture to be read in Surgery, in Knight Rider Street, Wednesday and Friday, the reader whereof was to be Richard Fos- ter, Doctor of Physic, during his life ; and Stow, vol. H. p. 209, informs us, that this learned person F F 218 was met by the chief members of the Barbers* Company, two of whom, being called Masters of the Body, put in practice, or demonstrated, what the Doctor directed. Many chirurgical works of this date are lost ; but we may judge of the library of Barbers' Hall by those that have come down to us ; such as Ardern, John of Gadesden, Gale, Halle, Vicary, Rawlyng's ^'Booke of Medycene," 1573; Phayer's "Decla- ration of the Veynes of Man's Body, and to what Dyseases the opening every one of them doe Ser- vice/' 1544; and Turner's "Herbal." Of those that are lost to posterity may be mentioned " A Booke in Chirurgery," by Thomas Morstede, Sur- geon to Henry VI. and the " Booke of Fysyk and Surgery," called " Rosse and Constanthie,** given, by will of Thomas Colard, Barber, 14^7, to the Barbers' Company. GIDEON HARVEY. About the latter end of King William's reign, there was a great debate who should succeed the deceased Physician of the Tower. The contending parties were so equally matched in their interests and pretensions, that it was extremely difficult to determine which should have the preference. The matter was at length brought to a compromise, and Gideon Harvey was promoted to that office, for the same reason that Sextus V. was advanced to the pontificate : because he was, in appearance, sickly and infirm, and his death was expected in a few months. He, however, survived not only his rivals, 219 but all his contemporary Physicians ; and died after he had enjoyed his sinecure above Jifty years. WILLIAM HARVEY. A passage in Servetus has been supposed to have given Harvey the first hint of the circulation, and is to be found in a book, entitled, " Christianismi Restitutio." The following memorable account, however, has been given by Boyle, of the circum- stances which led to this grand discovery : " I remember," says Boyle, " that when I asked our famous Harvey, in the only discourse I had with him, which was but a little while before he died, what were the things which induced him to think of a circulation of the blood ? he answered me, that when he took notice that the valves in the veins of so many parts of the body were so placed that they gave free passage to the blood towards the heart, but opposed the passage of the venal blood the contrary way, he was invited to think that so provident a cause as nature had not placed so many valves with- out design ; and no design seemed more probable than that, since the blood could not well, because of the interposing valves, be sent by the veins to the limbs, it should be sent through the arteries and return through the veins, whose valves did not op- pose its course that way." The reason here ascribed to Harvey seems now so very natural and obvious, that some have been dis- posed to question his claim to the high rank com- monly assigned to hiin among the improvers of 220 science. Dr. William Hunter has said, that after the discovery of the valves in the veins, which Har- vey learned, while in Italy, from his master, Fabri- cius ab Aquapendente, the remaining step might easily have been made by any person of common abilities. It is remarkable, that when great discoveries are effected, their simplicity always seems to detract from their originality ; on these occasions we are reminded of the egg of Columbus ! Harvey's picture in Dr. Mead's collection had two lines written by the Doctor. Harveii magnum nomen laudesque manebunt Sanguis dum in gyros it que reditque suos. WILLIAM HAWES, M. D. Dr. Hawes was a man totally without guile ; and self never entered into his contemplation. There was a simplicity in his manners, the result of an innocent and unsuspecting heart. Without posses- sing, or affecting to possess, any very superior literary talents, he contrived to furnish to the public an ac- ceptable work in his " Annual Reports ;" and his " Examination of the Reverend John Wesley's Primitive Physick," in which the absurdities and dangerous remedies recommended by that venerable and primitive person were acutely exposed, by a combination of irony and serious argument. In the resuscitative art he was eminently skilled. He was an honorary member of the Massachusetts Humane Society ; and of many others, at Edin- 221 burgbj Manchester, Bath, &c. &c. and a Vice-pre- sident of the London Electrical Dispensary. The Royal Humane Society is a shining and an eminent proof of his philanthropy; an institution which has been found highly useful, and to establish which he employed many years of his life. WILLIAM HEBERDEN, M.D. F.R.S. S.A. The character of this truly respectable man is thus ably delineated by Dr. Wells, in a " Letter to Lord Kenyon, relative to some conduct of the Col- lege of Physicians of London :" '^ No other person, I believe, either in this or any other country, has ever exercised the art of medicine with the same dignity, or has contributed so much to raise it in the estimation of mankind. Were I, my Lord, possessed of talents adequate to the undertaking, I should here endeavour to describe at full length the character of that illustrious man. In this attempt, I should first mark his various and extensive learn- ing, his modesty in the use of it, and his philo- sophical distrust of human opinion in science, however sanctioned by time or the authority of great names. I should then exhibit him in the exercise of his profession, without envy or jealousy ; too proud to court employment, yet undervaluing his services after they were performed ; unwearied, even when a veteran in his art, in ascertaining the minutest circumstances of the sick, who placed themselves under his care, taking nothing in their situation for granted that might be learned by en- quiry, and trusting nothing of importance that con- 222 cerned them to his memory. To demonstrate his greatness of mind, I should next mention his re- peatedly declining to accept those offices of honor and profit at the British court, which are regarded by other Physicians as objects of their highest am- bition, and are therefore sought by them with the utmost assiduity. I should afterwards take notice of his simple yet dignified manners, his piety to God, his love for his country, and his exemplary discharge of the duties of all the private relations in which he stood to society ; and I should conclude by observing, that his whole life had been regulated by the most exquisite prudence, by means of which his other virtues were rendered more conspicuous and useful, and, whatever failings he might as a human being possess, were either shaded or altoge- ther concealed. After my description was finished, I should think it proper to say that I had never been acquainted with Dr. Heberden, and, conse- quently, could neither be dazzled by the splendour of his virtues, from approaching them too nearly, nor influenced in my opinion concerning them by benefits he had already conferred upon me ; and that standing, as he does, upon the verge of this state of existence, ready to wing his flight to ano- ther of glory, his ear must now be closed to the voice of flattery, had he ever listened to that siren, or were I base enough to solicit her aid, in the foolish expectation of receiving from him some future re- ward." 223 PHILIP HECQUET. " C'est une erreur de penser que le sang soit ne- cessaire a la conservation de la vie ; on ne pent trop saigner un malade ;" are the words put into the mouth of our Doctor, in the character of San- gradoy by the facetious Le Sage. Hecquet, both in theory and practice, carried the anti-phlogistic sys- tem to a greater extent than any other man, and defended the '^ boisson " and the bleeding, saying, " J'ai pour garants de mon sentiment, sur le Regime maigre, les Medecins les plus fameux, tant anciens que moderns." He was a conscientious practitioner of his own eccentric doctrines, and it was perfectly consistent with his character, that " loin d'imputer la mort du chanoine a la boisson et aux saignees, il sortit en disant, d'un air froid, qu'on ne lui avait pas tir6 assez de sang, ni fait boire assez d'eau chaude." The practice of bleeding was carried to a singular extent in France, and it was the fashion, at one time, to bleed on the opposite side to the part af- fected ; if the pain was on the right side, they bled in the left arm, and vice versa. Pierre Brissot produced a civil war in the medical world by writing against the custom, and, in the year 1600, was driven into exile, by edict of the University of Paris, for thus opposing the establislied practice. Montaigne seems to have been fully aware of these medical differences, when he says, " are you out of sorts, that your Physician has denied you the enjoy- ment of wine, and of your favorite dishes ? Be not uneasy ; apply to me, and I engage to find you one of equal credit, who shall put you under a regimen ^24 perfectly opposite to that settled by your own ad- viser. So very fantastical is the practice of physic," continues this humorist, " that I have seen a man starve himself until he actually fainted, from mere inanition^ to get rid of a disorder, and afterwards be bitterly ridiculed, by a different Physician from his own, for having, by his painful abstinence, actually increased the disorder he had hoped to cure, at the cost of such severe self-denial." JOHN HILL. Originally an Apothecary in St. Martin's Lane; a Physician of that class who prepare and recom- mend their own medicines : a periodical writer of some merit, but tempted, by overweaning vanity and a flippant pen, to treat his literary contem- poraries with pertness, insolence, and contempt, though they were, in most instances, his superiors in capacity and acquirements. There is scarcely a department of literature in which he has not tried his strength ; from a guinea quarto, on " God and Nature," to an eighteen-penny pamphlet, "On SnufT-taking." In answer to the general resentment, which his assurance and preposterous affectation excited, he used to reply, " The dull rogues are envious of the very flattering reception, which merit like mine in- sures from a discerning public. They cannot en- dure that I should monopolize and enjoy the smiles of all that is beautiful, witty, and elegant, in the heau monder The sin of Dr. Hill was insufferable vanity, and 225 a reason may perhaps be pleaded in excuse for him, in common with many others who have been the artificers of their own fortune, and who have raised themselves from obscurity, poverty, and insignifi- cance, that, having attained what others have toiled for in vain, it is placed to the account of superior capacity, judgment, and dexterity. HIPPOCRATES, " The Father of Physic, and Prince of Physi- cians." He was the first man who laid down pre- cepts concerning physic. It would be endless to transcribe the things that have been said of him, or to relate the honors that have been paid to his memory : with the Grecians he passed for a God, and his birth-day was kept as a festival. He taught his art, as he practised it, with great candour and liberality, a singular proof of which was his mistaking a fracture of the skull for the natural suture, and being ingenuous enough to confess it, and even to leave it upon record. This circumstance is noticed by Celsus, who seems greatly delighted with it — " This," says he, *' was acting like a truly great man. Little geniuses, conscious to themselves that they have nothing to spare, can- not bear the least diminution of their prerogative, or suffer themselves to depart from any opinion which they have once embraced, however false and pernicious that opinion may be ; while the man of real abilities is always ready to make a frank ac- knowledgment of his errors, and especially in a G G 226 profession where it is of importance to posterity to record the truth." The most singular specimen of his ingenuousness, however, is in that medical curiosity, here abridged, THE OATH OF HIPPOCRATES. " I swear by Appollo the Physician, by ^scula- pius, by his daughters Hygcia and Panacea, and by all the gods and goddesses, that to the best of my power and judgment, I will faithfully observe this oath and obligation. The master that has instructed me in the art I will esteem as my parent, and sup- ply, as occasion may require, with the comforts and necessaries of life. His children I will regard as my own brothers ; and, if they desire to learn, I will instruct them in the same art without any reward or obligation. The precepts, the explanations, or what- ever else belongs to the art, I will communicate to my own children, to the children of my master, to such other pupils as have subscribed to the Physi- cian's oath, and to no other persons. My patients shall be treated by me, to the best of my power and judgment, in the most salutary manner, without any injury or violence; I will neither be prevailed upon by any other to administer pernicious physic, or be the author of such advice myself. Cutting for the stone I will not meddle with, but leave it to the ope- rators in that way. To whatsoever house I am sent for, I will always make the patient's good my prin- cipal aim ; avoiding, as much as possible, all volun- tary injury and corruption. And whatever I hear 227 or see in the course oi" a cure, or otherwise, relating to the affairs of hfe, nobody shall ever know it, if it ought to remain a secret. May I be prosperous in life and business, and for ever honoured and esteemed by all men, as I observe this solemn oath ; and may the reverse of all this be my portion, if I violate it, and forswear myself," NATHANIEL HODGES, M. D. This excellent man, notwithstanding his philan- thropy and well-applied firmness, notwithstanding his great practice and deserved popularity among the citizens of London, drew his last breath in a jail. He was buried in St. Stephen's Walbrook, where a monument is erected to his memory. Hodges was an acute and accurate observer, and his "Letter to a Person of Quality " contains the most correct account of the Plague, its progress, and symptoms. But the most animated picture of that dreadful visitation is that drawn by De Foe, which has generally been considered a fiction, and, most undoubtedly, the fancy and interest that at- taches us to our old friend Robinson Crusoe, is dis- played in many of the scenes and characters of this curious work. There is no reason, however, why we should not credit a great part of his narrative ; it is very natural, and coincides, in many particulars, with Evelyn, whose veracity cannot be questioned, a specimen of whose feelings may be taken from his Journal, Sept. 7, I665, where he says, he " came home: there perished neere 10,000 poore creatures weekly ; however, I went all along the Citty and ^28 suburbs, from Kent Streete to St. James's, a dismal passage, and dangerous to see so many coffins ex- posed in the Streetes, now thin of people; the Shopes shut up, and all in a mournful silence, not knowing whose turn might be next." De Foe gives a spirited account of the multitude of quacks and mountebanks, and the success they met with ; preparing the ignorant for the Plague, instead of preserving them from it, by their diflferent nostrums under the various titles of " Infallible pre- ventive Pills,*' " Anti-pestilential Pills," " Royal Antidote," and " Plague Water." He complains bitterly of the regular Physicians, who, to their great disgrace, left their patients dur- ing the sickness ; when they afterwards came back nobody cared to employ them, they were called de- serters, and on their doors was written — " Here is a Doctor to be let." Dr. Hodges, however, was exempted from this reproach as well as " The Chi- rurgeons," who seem to have had the task of ex- amining the bodies, for which they were allowed " twelve pence," to be paid out of the goods of the party searched, if able, otherwise by the parish. PHILEMON HOLLAND. The " Translator General of his age " continued to translate till he was 8o years old ; and it is sur- prising, considering that he united the professions of schoolmaster and Doctor, that he could find time to translate so much, a single pen producing a large folio! His literary feats, however, were greatly ex- ceeded by Andrew Tiraqueau, who is said to have !229 produced a book and a child every year, till there were twenty of each, or as some say thirty. This, with the circumstance of his being a water-drinker, occasioned the following jocular epitaph : " Hie jacet, qui aquam bibendo viginti liberos suscepit, viginti libros edidit. Si merum bibisset, totum orbem implevisset." " Here lies a man who, drinking only water. Wrote twenty books, with each had son or daughter ; Had he but used the juice of generous vats. The woild would scarce have held his books and brats." WILLIAM HUNTER, M.D. The life of this celebrated man was most ably written by Dr. Foart Simmons, and furnishes an interesting article in medical biography. He came to London with no other resource than industry and professional knowledge, and he gradu- ally advanced into notice, till he became the first accoucheur, and the most successful lecturer of the day. By his acuteness and the assistance of Mr. Hewson, he threw considerable light on the lym- phatic system ; and he published a series of plates, connected with his own branch of the profession, that remain, to this hour, a splendid proof of his anatomical accuracy. Being a single man, and not of expensive habits, his fortune increased with his fame, till he was enabled to build himself a capacious Theatre and Museum, having previously applied to the Minister for a piece of ground, for the purpose of making it a national object, which was refused. Irritated at this refusal. 230 and conscious that the eminence on which he stood placed him as a benefactor to mankind, he addressed the noble Secretary in manly, bold, but respectful language ; telling him that he was not asking but conferring a favor, and that he would hereafter rely on his own private resources, rather than on public generosity. A happy and peculiar art of communicating in- struction was the characteristic merit of Dr. Hunter; clear, concise, and patient, he amused the volatile, while he fixed their attention ; the dull of compre- hension and the timid he led by the hand, with the anxiety and temper of a parent ; the ardent, the curious, and the diligent, he interested, gratified, and rewarded. Few men sent pupils into the world with more obligations to their professor. " Be dili- gent, deserve well, and you must succeed," was his animating advice to young men. These qualifica- tions have been elegantly adverted to in some lines beginning;: thus : *' Cold is that hand^ which Nature's paths display'd j Dead are those lips on which instruction hung j FJx'd are those eyes, enlivening all he said ; For ever mute is that persuasive tongue !" JOHN HUNTER. The greatest Physiologist the world has ever known, and one whose labors have raised Surgery from the servility of a mechanical art to a science of the highest order. The collection of comparative Anatomy which now forms the Museum of the Royal College of 231 Surgeons, and which is an honor to our age and nation, forms a monument of the genius, the assi- duity, and labor of Hunter, not to be contemplated without surprise and admiration. It is said, that for twenty years of his hfe he rose before the sun. *' I have," said he, to a friend, " never met with impossibihties ; if a thing be possible, why may not I do it as well as another man ? If it be impossible, I never think any more about it." That Mr. Hunter's early education was neglected, has been recorded by Sir Everard Home ; and it is generally supposed that most of his papers were re- vised by Sir George Baker, and that his great work on Syphilis was submitted to the correction of three very able and intelligent medical friends. Notwith- standing these aids he has ever been considered as a very obscure writer. It was not likely, after he en- gaged in studies that formed " the business and pleasure of his life," that he should advance in his literary attainments. From the nature of his labors, and from his in- cessant occupation, it was natural that he should read less than most men, and it was no uncommon thing when he had made a discovery, to have the mortification of being informed that the same had been described and printed before. An anecdote is related of him which proves that he despised general reading. On entering the fine library of Count he was struck with its extent, and expressed it in his appearance. The Count, taking it for pleasur- able surprise, said, " Perhaps, Sir, you read a great deal ?" " No, Sir," replied Hunter, " I never read 232 books; I turn over the great volume of nature!'* " Then, Sir," retorted the disappointed Count, " give me leave to tell you, that you have not turned over more than the title page !" One of his biographers apologises for his disregard of literary attainments, saying, that he was " intent only on acquiring knowledge, without the display of that kind of learning, which, however captivating and showy, is of little use in the investigation of nature. He was too honest to devote his valuable time to the gaudy trappings of science." JOHN HUXHAM, M.D. Celebrated for his writings on Fever, and for a preparation of bark that bears his name. The spe- cific power of bark was first discovered in the person of the Countess of Chinchon, but the scientific ad- ministration of it after the paroxysms in Agues, is due to the Physicians of this country; hence it has been denominated the " English Remedy." La Fontaine wrote a poem on it, " Le Quinquina." When Sir Robert Talbor went to Versailles, to try its effects upon Louis the Fourteenth's only son, the Dauphin, who had been long ill of an intermittent fever, the Physicians who were about the Prince did not chuse to permit him to prescribe to their Royal patient until they had asked him some medical ques- tions. Amongst others, they desired him to define what an intermittent fever was ? He replied, " Gentlemen, it is a disease, which I can cure, and which you cannot." Monsieur d'Aquin, one of the French King's Q33 Physicians, in his " Memoir on Bark/* makes a curious blunder. He takes Mantissa, the title of the " Appendix to the History of Plants," by John- stone, for the name of an author, who, he says, '' is so extremely rare, that he knows him only by name!" LAURENCE JOUBERT. A voluminous writer in Latin and French, whose fame was so great, that nothing was deemed too difficult for his skill. His works were chiefly upon Physic and Surgery ; but he published one, under the title of '' Vulgar Errours," that gave great of- fence, and created a great clamour, from the plain terms in which he treated certain subjects, and from his dedicating it to the Queen of Navarre. The clamours against it helped the sale consider- ably ; it was printed at four different places in the course of six months, and the price was raised from ten pence to half-a-crown ! ADRIAN JUNIUS. Junius was a great scholar and a good Catholic, and, inter alios, wrote a Greek and Latin Lexicon, which he dedicated to Edward VI. with the title of King. Edward not being acknowledged as such by the Pope, Junius fell under the displeasure of the Court of Rome for his dedication, and was prose- cuted. His works were put into the " Index ExpiiV' gatorius," he was branded as a Calvinist, and as an author " damnatoe memoriae f' which gave him great H II 234 uneasiness, and produced an apology, in which he put forth the necessity lie was under of giving Ed- ward the title, at the same time protesting that he had never wavered in his religion. He made his peace at Rome, but died of grief 1575, for the loss of his library, which was destroyed at the siege of Haerlem. KENRICUS. Kenrick, like many others, seems to have fathered some lines which he never wrote. He appears to have adopted two verses, which are thus printed in a poem, called, " The Mock Romans," 1653: His hook was baited with a dragon's tail. And then on rock he stood to bob for whale. LANFRANC Studied under William de Saliceto at Milan, and afterwards himself professed Medicine and Surgery in the same place. So early as 1295 he was sent for to Paris to read publicly on Surgery, and to de- monstrate the operations of that art. He defines the word Physicus to mean a Physi- cian ; Medicus, a Physician-operator, or Physician- surgeon ; and Laiciis, a Barber-surgeon, whom, col- lectively, he also calls " Chirurgi barberii" treating them with great contempt, and blaming the Physi- cians for allowing them practice. " Formerly," says he, *' Physicians exercised the operations of Surgery, and did not think it beneath them to bleed their patients themselves ; but now it is given up into the 235 hands of the Barbers. As for me, I always bleed my patients with my own hand, and do it more skil- fully than the most famous Barbers." Phlebotomy, half a century back, was considered as appertaining to Surgery, and the lancet a surgical instrument; for, in the year 1/49, we find the good Surgeon, Goodman, writing against the " Abuse of Phlebotomy, by Barbers and other unskilful Persons." In those days, or what may, by some, be called the " good old time," our worthy forefathers went through a course of bleeding and physicking Spring and Fall. It was as common then for a person to call and be bled, as it now is to call for Soda Water. Sir Caesar Hawkins, who retired about IJJJ, is said to have made 1000 guineas per ami. by his lancet alone. LIEUTAUD. The writings of Lieutaud were chiefly anatomi- cal, and though Winslow criticised them severely, he entertained so high an opinion of their author that he got him appointed Assistant Anatomist to the Academy at Versailles. It is said that, seeing his library over-burthened with anatomical books, he exchanged them for the more entertaining works of general literature. Mr. Senac, who frequently urged the necessity of uniting read- ing with observation, one day presented him with a singular proof of this remark, by giving him a Latin description of the Foramen Ovale. Mr. Lieutaud having read it, was struck with the minute correct- ness of it, and had the honesty to prefer this de- 236 scriptionto one he had himself presented in a memoir, when he was surprised by learning that this accurate description was written by Galen. The first use which Lieutaud made of his appoint- ment of Physician to the King was to advise him to be inoculated — very courageous advice in a man who knew the incredible fury with which it was then op- posed. Notwithstanding he had always been a stranger to the life and manners of a Court, he quickly be- came a great favorite. One day, when the King was speaking to him of the many Physicians whose abilities his courtiers had very much praised, he asked him whether these accounts were not very much exaggerated : " Sire," said he, " these Phy- sicians possess none of the great qualities of which you have heard, but it is often with this kind of money that the gentlemen of the Court pay their Physicians." LINN^US. Or Carolus a Linne, the termination ceus, in Swe-. den being a mark of plebeian origin. Dr. Pulteney has recorded the slender beginning from which that great Naturalist rose to ease and affluence. His father, conceiving he had no taste for hterature, proposed binding him to a shoemaker, which would have been his destination, but for Dr. Rothman, a neighbouring Physician, who, discover- ing the natural bent of his mind, supplied him with botanical books, and instructed him in the first rudi- ments of Piiysic. 237 Linnseus, in his botanical excursions, was attended by a band of trumpets and French-horns, and sal- hed out at the head of 200 or 300 students, divided into detached companies. When he was inchned to explain any curious plant, bird, or insect, which had either fallen under his own notice, or was brought to him by any of his students, the stragglers were called together by the sound of music, and, crowding round their master, listened in respectful silence while he offered his observations. Sir THEODORE MAYERNE, May be considered one of the earliest reformers of the practice of Physic. He left some papers written in elegant Latin, in the Ashmolean Collec- tion, which contain many curious particulars rela- tive to the first invention of several medicines, and the state of Physic at that period. Petitot, the celebrated enameller, owed his success in coloring to some chemical secrets communicated to him by Sir Theodore. He was a voluminous writer, and, among others, wrote a book of receipts in cookery. Many were the good and savoury things invented by Sir Theo- dore ; his maxims, and those of Sir John Hill, under the cloak of Mrs. Glasse, might have directed our stew- pans to this hour, but for the more scientific instruc- tions of the renowned Mrs. Rundall, or of the still more scientific Dr. Kitchener, who has verified the old adage that the " Kitchen is the handmaid to physic ;" and if it be true that we are to regard a 238 " good cook as in the nature of a good Physician," then is Dr. Kitchener the best Physician that ever condescended to treat *' de re cuhnaria." Sir Theodore may, in a degree, be said to have fallen a victim to had coohery ; for he is reported to have died of the effects of bad wine, which he drank at a tavern in the Strand. He foretold it would be fatal, and died, as it were, out of compliment to his own prediction. EDWARD MEAD, M. D. A Physician of eminence, and a zealous patron of literature and science, to whom merit in distress, of any country, might always apply for encouragement and relief with certainty of success. His work on poisons is a complete history of what had been said on the subject, and contains a considerable share of botanical and chemical knowledge, for the days in which he wrote. On the subject of the Plague he evinces extensive reading, and recommends many useful precautions for guarding against that scourge of mankind, which prudence may shut out; but which, when once it appears, baffles alike the efforts of nature and of art. During the most flourishing period of Mead^s practice, from 1737 to 1752, his annual receipt was seven thousand guineas, equivalent to more than double the sum in the present times, and greater than RadclifFe's medical income at any part of his life. Mead was a good Physician, and a good man ; charitable, humane, liberal, and beneficent, but 239 he, like other mortals, had his failings : he became the dupe of female art and finesse, a circumstance eagerly seized upon by his exasperated antagonist, Greenfield, who says, " Puella fabri vincula tibi finxit, amoris tardi, et languescentis in via vincu- losa ;" for she was the daughter of a blacksmith in Fetter Lane. It is also said that he made a journey to Paris, at the age of seventy, to receive lessons from Dupre, the famous French dancing-master! giving as a reason that he undertook that for health which others did for pleasure, and that a little gymnastic exercise under Doctor Dupre might vary the seden- tary drudgery of his professional pursuits. When Freind was committed to the Tower, it ought to be recorded, that Mead was indefatigable in making application for his liberty, but without success, till a great man at Court having occasion for his professional assistance, he positively refused his attendance until Freind, who was supposed the victim of party, was discharged from confinement. Notwithstanding Dr. Mead's practice was so ex- tensive that in one year it procured him eight thou- sand pounds, and for several years between five and six thousand, yet, after the payment of his debts, he did not leave more than about twenty thousand pounds. The Doctor's son, Mr. Richard Mead, had an estate of ^800 a year left him by Lord Chief Justice Reeves. The following is an accurate account of the pro- duce of his books, medals, antiques, pictures, and prints : 240 £. s. d. The books sold for . 55 1 8 10 11 Medals 1977 17 Antiques .... 3246 I5 6 Pictures 34I7 11 Prints 1908 14 G Total ^16069 8 U During the life of Dr. Mead, Dr. Askew bought all his Greek manuscripts for ^500. He sold his miniatures to the Prince of Wales, and his series of Greek Kings to Messrs. Carmey and Kenedy. The bronze head of Homer which now adorns the Museum, and is too well known to require descrip- tion, was purchased at Mead's sale for ^136. 10*. by Lord Exeter, and by him placed where it remains. MONSEY. A medical oddity, with a considerable share of men- tal acuteness and literary acquirements. He began business at Bury, where he experienced the common fate of country practice, constant fatigue, long jour- nies, and short fees ; and in a rusty wig, dirty boots, and leather breeches, might have degenerated into a humdrum provincial doctor ; his merits not diftbsed beyond a county chronicle, and his medical errors concealed in a country church-yard, but for an acci- dental attendance on the Earl of Godolphin, in which nature or Mousey was successful, and the grateful Earl procured for him the appointment at 241 Chelsea, and ultimately left him a handsome le- gacy. From the narrow, unvaried, rural circle, he was suddenly transplanted into a land of promise and politeness^ with the Earls of Chesterfield and Bath, Sir Robert Walpole, and Garrick, as his companions and friends. Even in such society, Monsey maintained his original plainness of manners, and with an unre- served sincerity, sometimes spoke truth in a manner that gave offence, and as old age approached, he acquired an asperity of behaviour, and a neglect of decorum, that subjected him to the odium of being considered as a cynic and misanthropist. As a Physician he adhered to the tenets of the Boerhaavean school, and despised modern improve- ments in theory and practice, uniformly prescribing contrayerva and ptisan, and adhering to rules and systems, merely because they were sanctioned by sixty years' experience. In his politics he was a Whig; in his religion a Latitudinarian. But, unfortunately, when he shook off the manacles of superstition, he fell into the comfortless bigotry of scepticism, which, like religious bigotry, narrows the intellect, and hardens the heart. MORGAGNI. His grand work, " De Sedibus et Causis Morbo- rum," was translated by Dr. Alexander, who lived in Bevois Court, Basinghall Street, where he died in his thirtieth year. Dr. Alexander was a short, corpulent man, and so great a devotee of the Brunonian sys- I I tern, that he drank thirteen pints of porter the day of his death. He was not in much business, and was chiefly supported by two bachelors of the name of Cook, opulent silk-mercers at Aldgate, by whose interest he was introduced into the London Hospital. Notwithstanding he died very considerably in their debt, these friends gave him a handsome funeral. He used to say that he undertook the translation in consequence of a taunt from Sir George Baker, but the guinea per sheet from the bookseller was a more probable cause. Fie was a clever man, but vain of his talents. His brother was a dissenting minister at Birmingham, a man of ability, who also died suddenly, while composing a funeral sermon. BENJAMIN MOSELEY, M.D. The successor of Monsey at Chelsea Hospital, to whom he was a complete contrast, being a good hu- moured, cheerful man, to whom the epithet of " bon vivant " might, perhaps, be not inaptly applied. Moseley was also the companion of Lords and wits, and occasionally courted the Muses himself; it might even be doubted whether he did not some- times indulge his poetical fancy on such sober sub- jects as Hydrophobia and Vaccination. Unlike his predecessor in practice, he was not shackled by any antiquated rules; but with con- siderable medical faith, he promised largely, and performed boldly. Ptisans were not the tools he worked with. . With what might be considered rather brilliant talents, his glory was a little tarnished with vanity. 243 He had the comfort of thinking well of himself; and although he did not, like Charles Dumoulin, write at the head of his opinions, " 1 who acknow- ledge no superior, and to whom no man can teach any thing," yet he would sometimes, in playful good humor, partly in earnest, rally a medical friend with, " My dear fellow, you know a great deal, but I know every thing!" Moseley, however, sunk into the grave with the kind remembrances and regrets of many friends. NONNIUS. Author of a treatise, entitled, " Dieteticon, sive de Re cibaria," which, in these days, might per- haps be interpreted, " Peptic Precepts." He was a great stickler for the wholesomeness of fish diet, and wrote a book, called, " Icthyophagia ; seu de Usu Piscium," in which fish is shown to be the most salutary and proper aliment, for all descriptions of persons, sick or sound, fat or lean, old or young, according with the opinions of more ancient Phy- sicians, who have written " De Salubri Piscium Alimento." NOSTRODAMUS. A doubtful sort of personage, by some revered as a prophet, by others detested as a sorcerer, and by most despised as a trifler. From the ambiguity of his character, he is said to have been buried half' within and half without the Church of the Cor- deliers, at Salon. 244 PARACELSUS. A Physician of Zurich, whose eccentric conduct, enthusiasm, boldness, and boasting, roused, at the latter part of the fifteenth century, the envy or the indignation of his contemporaries. He has been abused as a quack and a vain-glorious impostor; yet a man who enjoyed the confidence of Erasmus, who was commended by Van Helmont, and pane- gyrised by Gerard Vossius, must have had consider- able talent. A sketch of his character has been given, with no small share of ingenuity, by an agreeable writer, who, in the same work, has endeavoured to do jus- tice to the powers of impudence, and to prove that simple, uncompounded, naked effrontery, without birth, address, or application, must and will gene- rally succeed in the world ; that the " ^s frontis triplex," with a confident look that doubts nothing, and promises every thing, will certainly conduct its undaunted possessor to fame and fortune. Paracelsus, after he had been instructed in the elements of his art by his father, an industrious Apothecary, and had made considerable progress in such chvmical knowledge as that age aflforded, visited the principal cities and universities of Europe. Ac- quirement of knowledge being the great object of his journey, he consulted without scruple Physicians, Barbers," Apothecaries, Conjurers, and old women, eagerly adopting from every quarter whatever he thought useful in practice. In the course of his travels he was taught, or fancied he was taught, the secret of the philosopher's stone. The ridiculous 245 pursuit of the art of turning all to gold, has been productive of golden advantages to mankind : at an aera, when nothing but the strong stimulus either of avarice or fanaticism was able to rouse mankind to action, this infatuation paved the way to chymical experiment, to which we are indebted for discoveries and improvements in the various arts, which tend to the preservation, the comfort, the pleasure, of human life. Impelled by curiosity, Paracelsus descended the mines, traversed the immense space of the Russian Em pi re, was taken prisoner b}^ the Tartars, and was in- debted for liberty and life to his medical skill. After receiving many valuable presents from the Cham, he accompanied the son of that prince to Constanti- nople; and, returning to Europe, was so fortunate as to restore Frobenius, a famous printer, to health. This circumstance introduced him to the acquaint- ance of Erasmus, and he was appointed Professor of Physic at Basle, with a handsome salary ; but not being able to resist his fondness for wandering, he visited Italy, and, on his return to Germany, died at Saltzbourg, in the forty-eighth year of his age. AMBROSE PARE. Born at Laval in the sixteenth century. In the attachment of Charles the Ninth, the bigotted and brutal son of Henry the Second of France, to his Surgeon Ambrose Par^, we have a singular instance of medical credit averting that miserable fate, at the massacre of St. Bartholomew, which no other claims of public or private merit, 246 nor any connexion of friendshijD, interest, or blood, were able to prevent. Charles shut him up in iiis own room, saying, " It is not right for a man so useful to the world to perish in such a manner." Richard Wiseman, Serjeant Surgeon to Charles II. has been styled the Ambrose Pare of the English. The same spirit of observation, the same simphcity, and the same candor, prevails in both of them ; and the surgical works of each were better than any that had preceded them. PARKINSON. Botanicus Regis Primarius. One of the earliest cultivators of botany in Eng- land. He published, 1 640, a work, under the title of " Paradisus in Sole," which he meant as a quaint Latinization of his own name Park~in-sun. JOHN PARTRIDGE. A star-gazer, doctor, and conjuror, of the seven- teenth century, who, like other professors of the same time, thought it no crime to take advantage of the weakness of mankind, and procure wealth and reverence at the expence of folly. That he was a Doctor, and, moreover, a Royal Doctor, we learn by his epitaph : Johannes Partridge, Astrologus, et Medicinse Doctor ; natiis est apud East Sheen, in Comitatu Surry, 18 die Januarii, anno 1644, et mortuus est Londini 24 die Junii, anno 1715. 247 Medicinam fecit duobus Regibus unique Reginae ; Carolo scilicet Secundo, Willielmo Tertio, Reginaeque Mariae. Creatus Medicinee Doctor, Lugduni Batavorum. This exalted character, when he had learned to read, and a " little to write" was bound apprentice to a shoemaker, an occupation which he followed in Covent Garden, so late as the year 1680, though two years afterwards, 1682, in his translation of " Mynsicht's Treasury of Physic,'* he is styled Physician to his Majesty. His works consisted chiefly of astrological absur- dities, such as " Prodornus," " The King of France's Nativity," " A Discourse of two Moons," &c. which would have passed into oblivion, had not their author fallen under the lash of a celebrated Wit, which will make the ridiculous part of his character remem- bered, when the rest of his personal history shall be forgotten. GUY PATIN. He was an author who made a great noise in his time, chiefly from his epistolary correspondence, published in three volumes, which contained the anecdotes and scandal of the day. *' These letters," says Voltaire, " were read eagerly, because they contained anecdotes of such things as every body likes, and satires which are liked still more." Bayle, in criticising them, observes, " It is proper the reader should know all the witty sayings and stories he relates are not true ;" and an agreeable writer of 248 the present day justly remarks, that in his works, " hke many others of this kind, posterity, more tem- perate, as less interested in the scandal of the day, will not allow pertness to be ivit, and multifarious anecdote learning.^* Guy Patin was lively and learned ; his antipathy to chemical Physicians is whimsically displayed in perpetual invective against their favorite medicine, antimony ; the indiscriminate use of which had ex- cited in many honest practitioners a degree of horror, not easy to be conceived by those who are acquainted only with its more innocent and salutary effects. CHARLES PATIN. Voltaire says, his works " are read by men of learning, as his father's letters are by men of leisure." He used to say, for the credit of his art, that it had enabled him to live in perfect health till he was eiglity-two years of age; that it had procured him a fortune of twenty thousand pounds ; and that it had acquired him the esteem of many very respect- able and enlightened persons. CHARLES PETERS. Charles Peters was remarkable for his skill in curing a disorder very prevalent in the reign of the licentious Charles H. Taking advantage of the dissoluteness of the times, he advertised a preventive pill, which, inspiring a delusive presumption, in- creased the number of his patients. It was an age of nostrums and specifics, from the king to the cot- tager, and he acquired an ample fortune. 249 Sir WILLIAM PETTY. A singular instance of universal practical genius. At the age of fifteen he was master of many lan- guages, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, navigation, and mathematics. He became afterwards an Ana- tomist and Chymist; he had a fine hand for draw- ing; was a skilful mechanic, and a good surveyor; and, above all, understood political arithmetic better than any man of his age, and he drew up an ac- count of the wealth and expences of the nation, in a treatise, called, " Verbum Sapienti,*' a curious contrast with its present resources, when he esti- mates that, " England can bear the enormous charge o^ four millions per annum when the occasions of government require it /" Evelyn mentions an anecdote of him : " Mar. 22, I675. Supp'd at Sir Wm. Petty 's with the Bp. of Salisbury and divers honorable per- sons. We had a noble entertainment in a house gloriously furnished ; the master and mistress of it were extraordinary persons. Sir Wm. was the sonn of a meane man some where in Sussex, and went from schole to Oxon, where he studied Philosophy, but was most eminent in Mathematics and Mecha- nics : proceeded Doctor of Physick, and was grown famous, as for his learning so for his recovering a poor wench that had been hanged for felony ; and her body having been begged (as the costome is) for the anatomic lecture, he bled her, put her to bed to a warm woman, and with spirits and other meanes restor'd her to life. The young scholars joyn'd and made her a little portion, and married K K 250 her to a man who had severall children by her, she living 15 years after, as I have been assured." JEAN PITARD, Surgeon to St. Louis, Philippe le Hardi, and Phi- lippe le Bel ; from the last of these sovereigns he obtained an edict, dated November I3II, which commences in the following curious style: " Le Souverain instruit des brigandages qui se commet- toient dans la profession de la Chirurgie, deshonor^e par une foule de Praticiens qui sont qualifies de Meurtriers, de f^oleiirs, de Faux-monnoyeurs, A^Al- chimistes, de Fripons, dont les uns avoient m^rif^ la corde, les autres le hannissement ; le Souverain, pour obvier a ces desordres, veut que dans la Ville & Vicomte de Paris aucun Chirurgien, soit homme, soit femme, n'ait le pouvoir, qu'il appelle dans la suite LiCENTiA, de faire aucun acte de Chirurgie, sans avoir ete au prealable examine & approuv^ par des Maitres Chirurgiens-Jures appelles ou convoques a cet effet par Maitre Jean Pitard, Chirurgien de S. M. et du Chatelet de Paris, ou ses successeurs.'* DAVID PITCAIRN, M. D. F.R.S. Fellow of the College, and Physician Extraordi- nary to the Prince of Wales. This gentleman received his education at the high school of Edinburgh, and at the University of Glas- gow ; though at the age of 23, being desirous of obtaining an English degree in Physic, he entered at Bene't College, Cambridge. 251 He was subsequently elected Physician to St. Bar- tholomew's, and to Christ's Hospital. The late Dr. Baiilie was his most intimate friend ; and he may be considered as having attained the head of his profes- sion on the demise of Dr. Warren, in 1797. His own death, in 180O, was occasioned by the Croup, and he was buried at St. Bartholomew's Church, near Smithfield, in a vault containing the remains of his uncle and his father (the gallant Major John Pitcairn, who was killed at Bunker's Hill). His character stood high in his profession, as well as in society: his manner, as a Physician, was gentle and cheerful, encouraging hope without offending propriety or good sense. Though his temper was warm, his attention and kindness to his patients were such as generally to gain a great ascendant over them, which was further justified by the acuteness of his judgment. He was a great enemy to quackery and quacks, of whom he used to say that there were not such liars in the world, except their patients. A relation of his, one day, asking his opinion of a cer- tain work on Fevers, he observed, •' I do not like Fever curers ; we may guide a Fever — we cannot cure it. What would you think of a pilot who at- tempted to quell a storm ? Either position is equally absurd. We must steer the ship as well as we can in a storm, and in a fever we can only employ pati- ence and judicious measures, to meet the difficulties of the case." !252 PERCIVAL POTT. The first Surgeon of his day, and a scientific writer, remarkable for the classic purity of his style, the scrupulous precision of his definitions, and the unerring closeness of his argument. He may be compared to Celsus ; the works of each are elegant specimens of the language in which they wrote. " His life," says an enthusiastic admirer, " was a national blessing, his death a national loss ; he en- larged the bounds of art, human malady shrunk before him ; he was eyes to the blind, and feet to the lame." He predominated, early in life, in a profession which has been said not to procure the members of it bread till they have no teeth to eat it, particularly as a consulting Surgeon, a post generally occupied by medical veterans. For fifty years he discharged, with fidelity and honor, the appointments of Sur- geon and Lecturer to a large hospital ; and both as a professional man, and a gentleman, he united powers to improve the rising generation, by precept and example. RABELAIS. The son of an Apothecary, a man of uncommon capacity, an adept in all branches of knowledge and literature; but his wit made him sometimes trans- cend the bounds which ought to restrain literary men. He endured persecution a long time ; and, having quitted the Franciscans, he joined the Bene- dictine Friars; but his mercurial temper prevailing, he left them also, shook oft' the habit of a secular Q53 priest, and rambled about till he took the degree of Doctor of Physic. He gave lectures, and wrote some medical annotations on Hippocrates and Galen, but his chief work is the celebrated " Romance of Gargantua and Pantagruel," which has been con- sidered by some as the history of his own time, under an ingenious fiction, and with borrowed names. At the end of this satire is the " Creme Philoso- phique des Questions Encyclopedique," containing ironical problems in natural philosophy, of one of which the following is a free translation : " Whether the hybernal frigiditij of the Anti- podes, passing in an orthogonal line through the homogeneous solidity of the centre, might warm the superficial convexity of our heels by a soft antiperistasis.''' RADCLIFFE. The greatest practical Physician that this country ever produced. He never wrote any thing; but though little conversant with books (a few works in a window-seat forming his whole collection), he left a library that, to this hour, is the ornament of Oxford, a circumstance humorously alluded to by Garth. RadclifFe had as great a contempt for Physicians as he had for Physic ; the whole mystery of which, he said, might be written on half a sheet of paper. He was a man of great boldness and wit, which blazed forth without respect to ])lace or persons, Majesty not being exempted from it; and his neigh- bour. Sir Godfrey Kneller, when he threatened to shut up his garden door, was answered by him, " 1 care not what you do, so you will not paint the door." He told Dr. Mead one day, '^ Mead, I love you ; and now I will tell v^ou a sure secret to make vour fortune — use all mankind ill." He was avaricious, and would never pay his bills without much impor- tunity. A pavior, after long and fruitless attempts, caught him just getting out of his chariot^ at his own door, in Bloomsbury Square, and set upon him — " Why, you rascal," said the Doctor, " do you pretend to be paid for such a piece of work ? Why you have spoiled my pavement, and then covered it over with earth to hide your bad work." " Doctor," said the pavior, " mine is not the only bad work the earth hides." " You dog, you," said the Doctor, " are you a wit ? you must be poor — come in and be paid." The coffin containing the remains of Radcliffe was discovered in 1819, deposited in a vault of St. Mary's Church, Oxford. RUYSCH. One of the greatest Anatomists that ever appeared in Holland, whose collection of preparations was purchased by the Czar Peter of Russia, for ^2,727, and sent to St. Petersburgh. Having disposed of this collection, he set about making another, when he was deprived of the assist- ance of his son. Dr. Henry Ruysch, who died sud- denly, when, singularly enough, this vacancy was supplied by his youngest daughter, who understood '255 Anatomy, and became, after a short time, sufficiently versed in the mysteries of the art, to become f«illy quahfied for the office of her father's assistant. Ruysch spent the whole of his hfe in the study of Anatomy, and made many discoveries, but not so many as he himself imagined, for being deficient in reading, and intent only upon his own researches, he was unacquainted with the result of the previous labours of those engaged in similar pursuits. WILLIAM SALxMON. He was a great pretender to Physic, which he prac- tised with success, as far as making money was con- cerned. He was also a dealer in nostrums, and an author — Alchymy, Chiromancy, the Grand Elixir, '' Septasium, or the Druggist's Shop opened," and such subjects, being most learnedly treated of by him in bulky volumes, some of which went through ten editions. WILLIAM SAUNDERS, M.D. Dr. Saunders came to London and lectured on his own account, and on a similar plan to CuUen, in Covent Garden, where his class was numerously attended, and j)roduced ^1000 per annum. Shortly after he married the daughter of a respect- able merchant in the City, by whose interest, and his own fair fame, he became Physician to Guy's Hospital, where he founded the School of Medicine, which has continued with undiminished reputation to this day. He was powerfully aided in his elec- tion by the influence of Lord Mansfield, whose good ^56 opinion and friendship he was fortunate enough to obtain, on a former unsuccessful canvas. CalHng on his Lordship one morning, he had the mortifica- tion to find his interest previously engaged; but, with the urbanity and grace peculiar to him, he entered into conversation with the young Physician, on the then disputed subject, the '^ colour of the skin." This afforded the Doctor an opportunity of displaying that professional acumen for which he shone conspicuous, so as to secure the esteem and future support of that illustrious character. Sir CHARLES SCARBOROUGH. A man of great versatility of talents ; he wrote a *' Treatise on Trigonometry," and a " Compendium of Lilly's Grammar;" gave lectures on Mathematics at Cambridge, and on Anatomy in London. His epitaph records that he was Inter Medicos Hippocrates, Inter Mathematicos Euclides. He read the lecture founded by Dr. Caldwell, at Barber-surgeons' Hall, for many years, where he was the first who attempted to account for muscular strength and motion, on geometrical principles. He was a man of amiable manners, and great vi- vacity of conversation. Seeing the Duchess of Portsmouth eat to excess, he said to her, with his usual frankness, " Madam, 1 will deal with you as a Physician should do ; you must eat less, use more exercise, take physic, or be sick.'' His " Syllabus Musculorum " was published with 257 the " Anatomical Administration of the Muscles'* of Molins, at whose house Evelyn mentions being present at a private dissection, April 13, anno 1649. Evelyn states a curious circumstance relative to Sir Charles : " My Italian collection being now arrived, came Moulins, y*^ great Chirurgeon, to see and admire the Tables of Veines and Arteries which I purchased, and caused to be drawne out of several humane bodies at Padua." And " Nov. 5, 1652. Dr. Scarbourgh was instant with me to give the Tables of Veines and Arteries to y*^ College of Physicians, pretending he would not onely reade upon them, but celebrate my curi- ositie as being the first who caused them to be com- pleated in that manner, and with that cost ; but I was not so willing yet to part with them, as to lend them to the College." JOHN SHELDON. A generous, enthusiastic genius, but by no means a successful Surgeon. As Professor at the Royal Academy he was much respected. He gratuitously dissected a horse, and had casts made from it for the sole use of the students. Among a variety of projects he revived the art of embalming ; and flattered himself with a notion that he had discovered an easy method of taking whales, by poisoned harpoons, and undertook a voyage to (ireenland to make the experiment. He was also a great patroniser of aeronauts, and boasted being the 258 first Englishman who made an experimental ascent, of which the following anecdote is related : When Blanchard came down in the garden ad- jacent to Mr. Loch^e's, he was very urgent with Sheldon to alight, and suffer him to make his voy- age alone. Sheldon would not comply, and a short dispute took place. " If you are my friend," says Blanchard, " you will alight. My fame, my all, depends on my success." Still he was positive. On which the little man, in a violent passion, swore that he would starve him — " Point du chicken — you shall have no chicken, by Gar," says Blan- chard ; and saying this, he threw out every particle of their provision, which lightening their machine, they ascended. It was a good French notion, that the best way to get rid of an Englishman was to throw out the eatables. JAMES SIMS, M.D. The son of a dissenting minister, was born in the county of Down, in the north of Ireland, and prac- tised as a Physician in the city of London nearly half a century. He was a good-humored, pleasant man, full of anecdote; an ample reservoir of good things; and, for figures and facts, a perfect chronicle of other times. He had a most retentive memory ; but when that failed in any particular, he referred to a book of knowledge, in the shape of a pocket-book, from which he quoted with oracular authority. Dr. Sims and Dr. Lettsom were the founders of the Bolt Court Medical Society, of which the former was 259 many years President ; and . by an arrangement made previously to his death, the Society added his valuable collection of books to their library. GEORGE SKENE, M. D. This respectable Physician died in 1807. He was a man of strong mind, deep research, and sound learning; possessing genuine humour, and a poignancy of wit. that was wont to " set the table in a roar ;" qualities which, when combined in one person, and are tempered with judgment, form ex- cellent qualifications for a successful practitioner. TOBIAS SMOLLETT. A Navy Surgeon, a Physician, a novel writer, and the founder of the Critical Review. In the practice of Physic he was never eminent ; possessing an innate pride of talents, he despised the low arts of finesse, servility, and cunning, by which even tempered dulness often succeeds. He was one of those ingenious persons whom Pierius Valerius would have inserted in his book, " De In- felicitate Literatorum." " I am old enough," says he, in a letter to his friend Garrick, " to have seen and observed that we are all playthings of fortune; and that it depends upon something as insignificant and precarious as the tossing up of a halfpenny, whether a man rises to affluence and honours, or continues to his dying day struggling with the difficulties and disgraces of life." 260 ANTHONY STORK, M.D. Few medical people have acted so fairly by their patients as Dr. Stork ; who, before he recommended the use of the meadow-saffron root, tried it upon himself in a crude state, until he was brought to the door of death ; if we except Dr. Stark, who un- dertook some experiments on diet, and prosecuted them with such imprudent zeal, that they proved fatal to him, in his 29th year. WILLIAM STUKELEY, M.D. His useful life was terminated in three days, by a sudden paralytic attack. His housekeeper, accord- ing to custom, had been reading to him ; but some business calling her away, on her return, he said, with a cheerful look, " Sally, an accident has hap- pened since you have been absent." '* Pray, Sir, what is that ?" " No less than a stroke of the Palsy." She replied, " I hope not so. Sir;'* and began to weep. *' Nay, do not trouble yourself," said he, " but get some help to carry me up stairs, for 1 shall never come down again but on men's shoulders." His faculties shortly after failed him, and he died on the third day. SYDENHAM. Called the father of Physic among the moderns. He commanded a troop of horse when Charles I. made a garrison town of Oxford, and it was by acci- dentally falling into the company of Dr. Coxe, an eminent Physician, that he was led to the study of Medicine. Though he took late to study, his quick 261 parts and natural sagacity enabled him to make great progress in a little time. He dared to inno- vate, where nature and reason led the way ; and was the first who introduced the cool regimen in the Small-pox. He was also the first who gave bark after the paroxysm in Agues, and successfully used laudanum in practice, from which he got the name of Opiophilos. It is not improbable that this excellent practitioner saved more lives than were destroyed by the herd of empirics that infested the metropolis at that time, and who were encouraged by the Court and the Sovereign, Charles H. who made some atonement by his appointment of this illustrious man as one of his personal Physicians. CHEVALIER TAYLOR. Taylor is thus alluded to in some lines addressed to the celebrated Mrs. Mapp : Next traveli'd Taylor fiU'd us with surprise. Who pours new light upon the blindest eyes ; Each journal tells his circuit thro' the landj Each journal tells the blessings of his hand : And lest some hireling scribbler of the town Injures his history, he writes his own. We read the long accounts with wonder o'er ; Had he wrote less, we had believed him more. In Dr. King's " Anecdotes of his own Times," page 131, he says, " I was at Tonbridge in I758, where I met with the Chevalier Taylor, the famous Oculist. He seems to understand the anatomy of the eye perfectly well ; he has a fine hand and good instruments, and performs all his operations with 262 great dexterity ; but he undertakes any thing (even impossible cases), and promises every thing. No charlatan ever appeared with fitter and more ex- cellent talents, or to a greater advantage ; he has a good person, is a natural orator, and has a faci- lity of learning foreign languages. He has travelled over all Europe, and always with an equipage suit- able to a man of the first quality, and hath been introduced to most of the sovereign princes, from whom he has received many marks of their hber- ality and esteem." Dr. King drew his character in Latin, beginning. Hie est, hie vir est, Quam docti, indoctique omnes impensb mirantur, Johannes Taylor : Caecigenorum, caecorum et caecitientium Quotquot sunt ubique, Spes unica. Solamen salus. DANIEL TURNER. We learn the state of Surgery in 1703, by a " Letter to Charles Bernard, Esq. on the present State of Chyrurgery," written by Turner, in which he says, " I can't persuade myself, but that the art of Chyrurgery is at this time in a more flourishing state than ever, and am inclined to believe that the City of London can produce a greater number of men eminent in that profession than any other in the world." 263 FRANCIS J. DE VALANGIN, M. D. Was born at Berne, in Switzerland, about the year 1719 or 1720, and studied Physic at Leyden, under the celebrated Boerhaave. Though educated in this Hne of life, it was not originally his intention to follow it as a profession, his connections having led him to look for advance- ment in a different career. Towards the end of George the Second's reign, he kissed that King's hand on receiving some diplomatic appointment in the Court of Madrid. But on the retreat of his patron from administration, about the same time, Mr. de Valangin declined the intended honour, and soon after returned to Medicine, which he thence- forward adopted as a profession, and fixed his abode in Soho Square. About 1772 he purchased some ground near White Conduit Fields, where he erected a house, extensive in its conveniencies, but fanciful enough in its construction, being built on a plan laid down by himself. His pursuit of all the branches of knowledge connected with his profession was sedu- lous in the extreme ; and the result was, a discovery of several simple preparations, which he found of great service in particular cases ; one of which, named the Balsam of Life, he presented to Apo- thecaries' Hall, where it is still sold with his name. For some favour conferred he was made a Liveryman of the Corporation of Loriners, and twice served the office of Master. Dr. de Valangin had a particular taste for music and painting ; in the former art he was not an unsuccessful performer; and has left 264. behind him some remarks on the theory of com- position. JOHN FOY VAILLANT. Better known as a Medalhst than as a Physician. Like most collectors he was enthusiastic in the pur- suit, and is reported to have swallowed six ounces of medals to secure them from the Algerines, when once in danger of being captured ; but the wind shifting in his favor, he got safely on shore, when, beginning to be incommoded by his indigestible curiosities, he consulted two Physicians, who were puzzled by the singularity of his case. Nature, however, relieved him from time to time^ and, as he found himself in possession of his treasures, he explained with much pleasure to his friends those already arrived, as well as those he daily expected, A valuable Otho was the last that came to hand. GUILLAUME LE VASSEUR. The following brilliant account has been given of him by a celebrated writer : " Le Vasseur 6toit iin de ces genies singuliers qui font honneur a leur patrie & a leur profession : ce n'6toit pas a des talens etrangeres cL son art qu'il de- voit sa reputation : au milieu des plus grands Chi- rurgiens il parut pour leur donner I'exemple & la loi. Le bruit de son nom I'attira bien-tot a la Cour; il n'y fut d'abord d^dommage des avantages qu'il trouvoit dans la confiance du public que par des es- perances ; mais les talens echappoient rarement a Francois L Ce Prince demela en pen de tems le 265 Vasseur pariui des gens bien plus empresses que lui a se prod u ire. II I'encouragea par des marques publiques de son estime; il lui donna ensuite sa confiance comme un hommage qu'il rendoit au m^- rite : il le chargea entierement de ce qui int^ressoit le plus ses sujets, c'est-a-dire de sa sant6. II lui confioit ses inquietudes & ses maux les plus secrets : heureusement il trouvoit dans le meme honime les rem^des de I'esprit & du corps. Ce Prince s'^toit ^puise par des travaux bien differens les uns des au- tres ; le Vasseur le conduisit s^cretement, & par ses soins ^clair^s il soutint long-tems un corps dont tous les ressorts etoient us^s : la modestie & le desint^- ressement conserverent long-tems a cet homme ILLUSTRE le plus grand credit ; mais sa fortune I'oc- cupa bien moins que son art." TOBIAS VENNER. A practitioner at Bath anno 1660. He wrote several medical works, in a plain conversational style, adapted to general use and to ordinary capa- cities. The subjects on which he treated were also popular ; such as " The Best way of attaining to a long and healthful Life ;" " A Censure on Bristol Water ;" and a '^ Treatise on Tobacco ;" the use of which was then becoming fashionable. These, with an advertisement concerning the taking of " Physic in the Spring," were the means by which he got into considerable practice. M M Q66 SOLOMON WADD, Was born in Rutlandshire, in the year of the re- belHon (1745). He was the youngest of a very large family, and, when a child, was taken under the guardianship and protection of his uncle, to whom he was indebted for his education and outset in life, and on whose death he became possessed of a small estate in Bedfordshire. His education was commenced at Bromsgrove in Worcestershire, and continued at the great school at Gloucester, till he went to the house of Mr. Tim- mins, an eminent medical practitioner at Worcester, by whose means, aided by the friendly attentions of Dr. Wall, he had the opportunity of seeing much general practice. In l]6j he came to London, and entered as a pupil to Mr. Pott, at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was the contemporary of Earle, Heaviside, and De Castro, and formed an intimate acquaintance with Dr. Alexander, the translator of Morgagni, Dr. Luke Wayman, and the late Dr. William Saunders. In the selection of his friends, indeed, he was peculiarly happy. It was his good fortune to associate early with some of the most conspicuous men in the literary and political world. A constant visitor at the house of Mr. Dilly in the Poultry, he frequently enjoyed the society of John- son, Boswell, Kendrick, Cumberland, and Wilkes. He commenced business in Basinghall Street, in 1770, and through a professional career of half a century, was respected for his skill as a Surgeon, and for his integrity as a man. It was his intention, before Dr. Kingslake's work made its appearance, to 267 have written on the same subject, and to have laid before the pubhc the result of his own personal experience of the bold, and till then unknown, sys- tem of cold affusion in cases of gout. He was first induced to turn his mind to the sub- ject, by a ten years' attendance on a near relation, who was a martyr to the gout, with whom he passed many weary days, ransacking the lettered page from Hippocrates to Cadogan, in the vain hope of finding some means of alleviating the tortures of a disease he was unable to subdue, though he little imagined at the time that his own maladies would hereafter compel him to resume the study. Under such circumstances, he considered himself fully justified in recommending a system, by pur- suing which he had withstood the effects of twenty- eight campaigns with his inveterate foe, and had preserved his health and strength to an advanced period of life. RICHARD WALKER, Author of " Memoirs of Medicine,** was born in 1750, at Birstal, a large manufacturing village in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Being destined by his parents for a liberal profes- sion, he was early sent to a grammar-school at Batley, the adjoining village, where, under a very excellent master, he became well grounded in classical know- ledge. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to Mr. William Hey, at that time a young man, recently married and set up as a Surgeon and Apothecary in Leeds. 268 At the expiration of his time Mr. Walker came to London, to attend the hospitals and lectures of the metroj)olis. Afler two years close application to his professional pursuits, he was about to return and settle in the country, when accident threw him into the company of one of the partners of the house of Truesdale, Partridge, and Halifax, old established Apothecaries in St. James's Street. They happened to be at that time in want of a young man, on whom they could depend, to conduct their business at home. He became their superin- tendant, and, at the expiration of one year, his skill and attention made them feel it to be their interest to admit him to a share of their profits. Thus established, the whole management soon devolved on the young partner. The elder ones were desirous of retiring, and he shortly afterwards became prin- cipal in a house, the reputation of which he long maintained and extended. During nearly thirty years extensive practice as an Apothecary, among the very highest ranks of society, the agreeable manners and warm heart of Mr. Walker conciliated the esteem, whilst his atten- tion and acknowledged skill commanded the entire confidence of his patients. Perhaps no man in his line ever possessed it in a higher degree. By many of his noble patients he was honored by admission to their society as a private friend ; a privilege which he retained ever after, even when his professional con- nexion with them had ceased. His attainments were not confined to his profession ; he had contrived twice to make a short visit to the Continent, and 269 had acquired a taste for the fine arts, particularly painting. From early youth he had been an assi- duous reader. He was, indeed, never without a book, nor ever lost a moment which could be em- ployed in reading. During the time his hair was dressing, an operation then of some length, at his solitary meals, and in his carriage, he had always a book at his side, from which, by hasty snatches, he was increasing his stores of general information. This habit made him, in the prime of his career, an agreeable and very entertaining companion. But his reading, though very general, was not altogether without object. Having found, by his own experience, the difficulty of acquiring a com- petent knowledge of the history of his own profes- sion, without consulting many authors not com- monly within the reach of young medical students, he resolved, for their use principally, to compile a " Sketch of the History of Medicine." In the pre- face he thus modestly speaks of his work : " To supply the want of an English compendium, cal- culated for their use (i. e. medical students), and adapted to modern taste, the following summary of principal occurrences is offered, in hopes of being sheltered by the humility of its pretensions from the severity of critical censure. In alleviation of the great and obvious defects of such a composition must be pleaded the circumstances of its selection, for the original purpose of assisting a treacherous memory from the multifarious results of desultory reading, amidst the constant and pressing avocations of a fatiguing employment." 270 This compilation, which cost him great labour, and obliged him to peruse many original works, he published 1799, under the title of " Memoirs of Medicine, including a Sketch of Medical History from the earliest Accounts to the Eighteenth Cen- tury ;" dedicating it, by permission, to the Prince of Wales. The present of this volume Mr. Walker offered, as his professional congS, to his friends ; for he shortly after retired, his mind as well as his body requiring rest from the harassing fatigue of extensive practice. He died in the year 1817, and was buried in the new Mary-le-bone Church. A small tablet, over the Rydings' pew in Birstal Church, thus simply records his name : To the Memory of Richard Walker, Esq. of Rydings, who died 27 Sept. 1817, aged 67 years. WILLIAM WALWIN. A great dealer in nostrums, among which were his Succus Vitce, his Sanguis Vitce^ his Medulla Vitce, his Vis Vitce, and his Vita Vitce ; and in a book recommending " Physic for Families,'* he informs the world, that he is not without hope of curing diseases " without the trouble, hazard, pain, or dan- ger, of purges, vomits, bleedings, issues, glysters, blisters, opium, antimony, and quicksilver, so full of perplexity in sickness." He gives a long list of 271 cures, on his own credit, the practice of procuring and printing oaths not having then come into fashion. JOSHUA WARD. Known by the name of Spot iVard, from one side of his face being marked with claret. " Of late, without the least pretence to skill, Hoard's grown a fam'd Physician by a pill." General Churchill was the primary puffer of Ward's pill at Court ; and Lord Chief Baron Rey- nolds soon after published " its miraculous effects on a maid servant," according to some doggrel verses of Sir William Browne, addressed to " Dr. tVard, a Quack of merry memory," under the title of " The Pill Plot ; or The Daily Couranfs miraculous Dis- covery, upon the ever memorable 28th day of No- vember 1734. For, from the Doctor himself being a Papist, and distributing his Pills to the poor gratis, by the hands of the Lady Gage, also a Papist, the Pill must be, beyond all doubt, a deep-laid Plot to introduce Popery." The circumstance of medicines once so celebrated being now almost forgotten, has induced some to question their being entitled to the reputation at- tached to them. When we recollect, however, the basis of these preparations, and the wonder-working operations of Chemistry upon it, it would be absurd to doubt their active powers ; besides which. Ward, though his medical education was not conformable to College routine, possessed considerable natural 272 powers, with an abundant share of acuteness and common sense. THOMAS WILLIS. An eminent Anatomist, Philosopher, and Physi- cian, and one of the most elegant Latin writers of his age. His works were justly celebrated, and his practice was equal to his fame. He had a deep insight into every branch of science, especially Ana- tomy. His " Cerebri Anatome," and his work, " De Anima Brutorum," gained him great reputation. He was a liberal benefactor to the poor, it being his custom to dedicate his Sunday fees to their rehef. It was also his custom to attend church service early in the morning, on which account he procured prayers to be read at unusual hours during his life, and at his death settled ^20 per annum to continue them. His table was the resort of great and learned men. He was one of the first members of the Royal Society, and he declined the honor of Knighthood. WINSLOW. The science of Surgery, but more particularly that of Anatomy, is greatly indebted to Winslow, for many new lights, the result of continued research and acute observation. He was thus enabled to find out the source of uncommon diseases, and apply successful remedies. His first treatise, on individual parts of the human body, procured him great honor, abroad as well as at home. It con- tained a number of discoveries, which alone would have been sufficient to rank him among the fore- 273 most of the learned. He took a survey of the whole system of the human body, and collected into one point all the experience and knowledge which he had acquired of every individual part, their relation to each other, and their effects individually and gene- rally. Of ail this he published an anatomical expla- nation, which was regarded as the most complete and best work at that time known. This treatise was received with great avidity, and rendered the author's name so celebrated, that when the Phy- sicians at Paris rebuilt their public anatomical Theatre, Winslow was solicited to deliver lectures there. The Faculty, wishing to attract attention to the Theatre, considered it a high honor thus pub- licly to exhibit a man, who was esteemed the most celebrated Anatomist of the age. Winslow was born at Odense, in Funcn, and his father, a clergyman, intended him for the church. He had scarcely attained the necessary age before a living was offered to him, where he might have passed his life at ease; but a close intimacy having commenced between him and a young student in Physic, remarkable for his assiduity, he was induced to attach himself to that science. Winslow, on resolving to become a Surgeon, laid the foundation of his future knowledge in his own country; he afterwards went to France, where that science flourished. He received some trifling sup- port from Denmark ; but as soon as this ceased, his diligence and erudition paved the way, step by step, to those posts of honor which he ultimately filled. It ought to be remarked, that some years before N N 274 Winslow became so celebrated, Strenonius, a gentle- man of the same family, and a native of Copen- hagen, acquired nearly as great a name by an equal diligence in the same sciences. He also made dis- coveries in Anatomy, and most probably would have left less for Winslow to make known, had he continued his anatomical researches; but he changed his studies. Winslow became an Anatomist from being a Divine, and Strenonius a Divine from being an Anatomist. WOODWARD. Among" the Prints which adorn Ward's '' Lives of the Gresham Professors,'* is a view of Gresham College, with a gateway, entering from Broad Street, marked 25. Within are the figures of two persons, the one standing and the other kneeling; these re- present Dr. Mead and Dr. Woodward, the Professor of Physic there, and allude to a transaction of which the following is the history. In the exercise of his profession. Dr. Woodward had said or done some- thing that had given offence to Dr. Mead. Mead, resenting it, was determined to have satisfaction, and meeting Woodward in this place, when he was returning to his lodgings in the College, drew, as did his adversary ; but Mead having obtained the advantage of him, commanded him to beg his life. Woodward answered, with some wit, " No, Doctor, that I will not till I am your patient." However, he yielded, and his submission is marked by a situa- tion which represents him tendering his sword. Dr. Mead was the friend and patron of Ward, which 975 may possibly account for the above fact being so singularly recorded. OLAUS WOKMiUS. A learned Physician of Denmark. Having com- menced his studies in his native place, he was early removed to Marpurg, and thence to Strasburg, where he first applied himself to Physic, which science he afterwards pursued successfully at Basil, under Pla- terus and others. His uncommon abilities procured him distinguished honours at the University of Padua, at which place he made some stay, previ- ously to his visiting France. His design was to have made a long abode at Paris, but the assassina- tion of Henry the Fourth, which happened in I610, about two months after his arrival, obliged him, as well as otiiers, to leave that city, for fear of disagree- able consequences, and accordingly he went directiv to Holland, and thence returned to Denmark. He had not yet visited the University of Copenhagen, so that his first care was to repair thither, and to be admitted a member of it. He was Physician to the King and Court of Denmark ; and Christian the Fourth, as a recompence for his services, conferred on him a canonry of Lundern. He died in 1^54, aged 66. As much occupied as the life of this Physician seems to have been, he found time to marry three wives, and to have sixteen children ; and, like Tira- queau, gave to the world as many books as he did children. 276 ZACUTUS. An eminent Portuguese Physician, born at Lisbon, and called by some writers Lusitanus. He studied both Philosophy and Medicine at Salamanca and Coimbra, and took his degree of Doctor in 1594, at Saguntum, now called Murviedro, a celebrated University in S])ain. After this he practised Physic at Lisbon, till 1624, when, by an edict of Philip the Fourth, who governed Spain with a high hand, the whole race of Jews were interdicted the kingdom. Zacutus, being a Jew, betook himself to the Low Countries, and practised chiefly at Amsterdam and the Hague, at the former of which places he died, in 1641. His works, written in Latin, were printed at Lyons, two volumes folio. Before the second is placed what he calls " Introitus ad Praxin," wherein he sets forth the qualities of a Physician, moral as well as practical, and shows not only what are the qualifications of a good Phy.-ician, but also what are the duties of a good man. London : Printed bv John Nichols and Son, 25, Parliament Street. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 001 209 500 6 n