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 A 
 
 CRITICAL REVIEW 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ORTHOGRAPHY 
 
 OP 
 
 DR. WEBSTER'S SERIES OF BOOKS 
 
 roa 
 
 SYSTEMATICK INSTRUCTION 
 
 JN THE 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE; 
 
 INCLUDINQ 
 
 HIS FORMER SPELLING-BOOK, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 KLEMENTARY SPELLING-BOOK, COMPILED BY AARON ELY, 
 
 AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE NAME OF NOAII WEBSTER, LL. D. 
 
 BY LYMAN COBB. 
 
 Society it directly benefited by the inculcation of truth, and the suppression of crrour ;" therefore examtoA 
 
 NEW YORK . 
 
 PUBLISHED BY COLLINS & HANNAY, 230 PEARL-STREET 
 
 1831
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 TO THE PUBLICK. 
 
 The importance of a correct and unifonn system of orthogi-aphy is universally admitted, 
 and therefore requires neither argument nor elucidation. Tliis subject has engaged the 
 assiduous attention of the author of the following reviews, for the last twelve years ; during 
 wluL^h time, he h;is actually examined, compared, and marked the crrours in nearly every 
 publication upon this branch of our language, that has ever appeared either in this country or 
 Gr-at: Britain. An imj)ortaiit crisis has at last arrived, in relation to oiu* elementary schools 
 and !5omn)aries of harning — a period wlu-ji Lt bscomtis necessary for parents, and ihe great 
 bo;iy of t!ie Amf^rican connnunity, to decide v.iiether they will continue to follow the sr^-stems 
 of orthfixrajihy and ortho ;py hillurto in use, and based upon the analogies of the language, 
 th- -r.^by promotmg uniformity in the publications of cur own and foreign countries; or will 
 adopt a new and contradictory system of innovations, neither warranted by usage nor 
 analogy, ar;l calcular.ed to " abiii^k the <:upcrs.lrv.rlure^ and bring it back to the confusion 
 in iirlhcifraplui. from vkic/i Jnhnscn exiricatcd it.'' 
 
 It is the peculiar character of the American people, (a character formed from reading 
 and habits of inv.^at.igation,) to examine before they decide; and, in spreading Ijefore 
 tin. "t'publick of letters in the United States, these criticisms on the publications of Mr. 
 Web.ster, the aui.hor only asks for that liberal indulgence and patient examination to "which, 
 from the importance of tlio subject, he believes them fully entitled. 
 
 It has been a primary object witli Mr. Webster and his friends, to inculcate the belief, that 
 llie aurht>v, in publishing his former reviews of Mr. Webster's works, was actuated by per- 
 sonal feelings towards the author of the American Dictionary. The illiberality of tins 
 insinuiiiion is only equalled by its want of candour ; and, the author feels no reluctance in 
 lrusrti)ig Uie question of his motives, his rights, and the correctness and propriety cf his 
 strictures, widia nation of impartial and intelligent readers. 
 
 To those who are already wedded to the systems of orthography and orthoepy publislied 
 by Mr. Webstn-, this publication will be important as an index to the disputable points, 
 a nd the innovations and contrarieties of the American Lexicographer; and, to such as deem 
 the unifiDrmity and pei-petuity of our vernacular language to be par.amount to the private 
 uvtercsrs of an author, it will be useful in enabling the)n to form a correct estimate of tlic 
 claims of those publications to the character of Standard Works. 
 
 \n giving this niviowto the publick, the author has but one thing to regret; and tliut is. the 
 necessity of communicating it, m many instances, through the medium of the Post Office, 
 til'' only means of disseminating it over this widely extended republick. It is confidently 
 believed, however, that a careful perusal will amply remunerate any individual for tlie trifling 
 expense to which he may tlrus be subjected. 
 
 fc Respectfully, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 •/ It mav bfl necessary to state, that whenever a quotation Is stven \n this re\'lcw, from the writings of Mr. Wcl^ 
 tter, his publisliers, or his friends, ihc orisirutl ortltosraphy has been obser\-e<l. .
 
 r* 
 
 1 
 
 1143 
 
 INTRODUCTION. C^3a 
 
 k \ The faculty of speech may be justly considered the leading characteristlck 
 ^ that disunguishes man from inferiour animals, places him at the head of 
 *^ animated nature, and stamps hiui with the seal of immortality. The science 
 of language, therefore, must ever hold a distinguished place in the catalogue 
 of useful knowledge ; and, to the labours of those who have devoted their 
 time and talents to the cultivation of our vernacular tongue, the friends of 
 science, and the community at large, are deeply indebted. 
 
 There are few classes of literary men from whose labours society has derived 
 more important benefits than from tiie class of eminent pliil(;!ogists and lexi- 
 cographers, who, during the last century, have contributed so largely to the 
 cultivation of the English Language ; thereby laying the foundation of those 
 highly polished effusions of sentiment for which the writings of the present 
 age are distinguished. The names of Bailey, Ash, Jolmson, Sheridan, 
 Walker, Jones, Jameson, and Webster, will ever possess a distinguished niche 
 in the gallery of literary men ; and, their contributions to the stock of useful 
 improvements will claim for them tlie appellation of fathers of English litera- 
 ture. But while I am thus ready and desirous to render to these the just 
 tribute of gratitude for their eminent services in this department of learning, I 
 am by no means disposed to concede the proposition, that their productions are 
 to be exempt from the usual ordeal to which the writings of every other author 
 are subjected, and which is the principal test of relative merit. I mean impar- 
 tial and candid criticism. 
 
 With reference to works designed for elementary instruction, it is particu- 
 larly important that this right should be admitted and sustained ; since errours 
 2j widely disseminated by these, have an influence more pernicious in itself, and 
 O more difficult to be counteracted, than when found in books adapted to mature 
 ^ minds. It has been supposed, however, tiiat tliis right of examination is not 
 «< common to every class of citizens — that one at least is and ought to be exci«- 
 ^ded t>om this right, though perhaps better qualified from taste, habit, and ^xpc- 
 Qrience, than most others, for doing justice to the subject. This clas? compre- 
 hends authors, compilers, and ieachsrs.* While in the ordinary affairs of life, 
 J., we daily resort to mechanical or professional men for their ophiions m matters 
 J^ relating peculiarly to their business or profession, as the best evidence for form- 
 N ing a correct judgement, it is not a little surprising, it should for a moment be 
 ta urged that in matters of science we should not credit the evidence, nay the unde- 
 ^ niable facts, produced by an individual who "has had the misfortune" of wri- 
 ting and publishing upon tlie same subject, and, therefore, may reasonaljhj be 
 • supposed to know something' about it. 
 
 I trust I shall be excused for premising thus much in answer to what has 
 
 » already been urged, and will doubtless be reiterated, by Mr. Webster and his 
 
 ""i friends — that "I am the author of a Spclling-Book and School Dictionary, and 
 
 5 am, therefore, incaparitated for doing Justice to his literary productions."' TJut 
 
 ^ • Tl»rj Publisher of AVobstcr's Dlcfionan-. in a communication mlilrcpscd tothcEililor of the Eostp^Coun(?r. an4 
 
 ^ ^ jiulilishfil in ilKM ii:ii)LT. s'-pt. 28, 1829, n»;ies tl»c follovvin,' lU't ral .imical to Uic iiublirk, rcltiUy*^ u>c c>*ui.i^ras 
 
 ■^ then rcccnMy imblishefl. - f,,i f»ii „,>„„ 
 
 ' " Dm;- S/r.-.-'omp twontv or thirty (bf ! ' ; over :i T .sritl- *\) 
 
 a notice of somp critirism- on Wi-l.snr si in tbp 3, . «.ii « hi i? 
 
 1 am infoiv.t.-.l ,-,^ Pul.lisiKV of tin.-, work. :i:,. • • ,•,;.•' fi-i« ronc«^mi,.'2 
 
 1 leave ..ti,., . t., rc-vn-w ri.o work, it i.^ l)iit tu l.v ho n-imro^rii^^ 
 
 recently a .^chooUn.xstcr, in o.io Of our wcsuri* villages, who had had the luMonuiie « i.uii.pi.e a *i>«u"»g uooK, 
 and small Dictionary."
 
 ^ INTRODUCTION. 
 
 without attempting to exonerate myself from this imputation, and without 
 further remark relative thereto, I shall assume the right, and leave the result 
 of my examinations to the intelligence and judgement of a discriminating 
 community, to whose unerring decision, wliether of condemnation or justifica- 
 tion, I shall most cheerfully and readily submit. 
 
 Before entering upon the examination of the several works of Mr. Webster, 
 it may not be impertinent to give a succinct chronological history of the causes 
 and circumstances which have contributed to place the adherents of Walker 
 and Webster in opposition to each other ; and wiiich have rendered this pub- 
 lication not only justifiable, but indispensable to the promotion of truth, and 
 the protection of individual character and enterprise. 
 
 In detailing these, I shall commence at that period, when from experience 
 in the use of Mr. Webster's Spelling-Book and School Dictionary in instructing?, 
 I became familiar with the " multitudinous errours," contradictions, and incon- 
 sistencies contained in them ; and seeing the importance and necessity of a 
 uniform standard, more particularly in orthography, I resolved both to give the 
 result of my investigations to the publick in the way of criticism, and to em- 
 ploy my experience thus acquired, in the compilation of a work for elementary 
 instruction. The former, so far as it relates to the then existing publications 
 of Mr. Webster, Avas published in a series of nuiubers in the Albany Argus in 
 1827-8, and is now re-published in this general review. The result of my 
 labours in the latter, has already been several years before the publick, from 
 whom I have received many flattering evidences of a favourable opinion. 
 
 Whether that examination of the former works of Mr. Webster, was either 
 ill-timed or unimportant, is left for others to determine ; with this single re- 
 mark — that it is confidently believed Mr. Webster himself will admit, that if 
 those criticisms had never appeared, the recent compilation of the Elementary 
 Spelling-Book would never have been deemed necessary.* 
 
 In my examination, I had demonstrated the orthography of Webster to bo 
 far less uniform and analogous, than that of .Johnson ; and Walker's system o<* 
 pronunciation, which was introduced into this country as early as 1800, had 
 been very generally received, and was already becoming the Standard, in this 
 branch of Philology. Hence it became manifest to the publishers of Webster, 
 that some device must be resorted to, to induce apathy in the publick mind, 
 and thereby procrastinate the inevitable crisis which they f(»resaw was ap- 
 proaching ; the expulsion of his elementary works from our primary schools. 
 
 To prevent this, tne author of the American Spelling-Book was despatched 
 to England, thai from ^'•■personal observation^'''' he might be able to ascertain, 
 or at least on his return to assert] that '• Walker was v/holly unknown," or if 
 known at all, only ki the circles of the vulgar : and, it was about the same 
 
 * This inference will not be thonsht unreasonable, notwithstandin;: the allegation of Mr. Webster In his pam- 
 phler, recenlly pnl)liMhetl, (pafre 9) titat tlic AmTican SpollinL-Book " is to be suppressed. " especially when taken in 
 connexion witli the fact, tliat n.o.st of tlie inil)li.<liers of his r-'pcllinaCooks liave reserved to themselves the i)rlvl 
 lejre of publishing either, as shall l)e fouinl most advaria-reous lo thpir interests. 
 
 ^ It is truly amusinij to observe the arirunionts advanced by Mr. Wclistor and hi'; friends, to prove that Walker's 
 Dictionarv' is not tlie Standard in Ensiland. At <inc time we are told that " Malker is vol kttmrti in England ;' at 
 another time, that .Mr. Weljster " has made a visit to Kn^land to a>ceit;dn the real state f f the laneuape." where he^ 
 found that " Walker's pronunciation was not used in any decnt socio y in tliat counto'-" Airain ; we are told hy 
 Mr. Web.=5ter that " Walker's Dictionary is full ot inct^nsi.-tencics from iT-ruuiinp toend -. and the attempt to mak** 
 It a Standard, ha."? done more to corrupt the lanL'uasre tlu-.n any tvent wliich has taken place for five luindred years 
 lAst. NoVKMk is taken as an ultimate Standard in En?laiid ; fiml AValkers proniuiciation is so eiToneous. that no 
 ifes;than thrrc dictionaries have been imblished tu correct it; all of them aitpioociiing mucti nearer to actual uta^e 
 inan Walker's." 
 
 Let u; fora mnment examine Xhoinconsistevcy MuXdrcepian in the above statement. F.rst ; if Walker be "not- 
 K/impnin Eni,'lo»d," ho\s' Cduid Ids pronunciatinn \>:i\c fo '• corrnptra ///<? laniruaL'c ?" {Secondly; if Walker'.s 
 rniiuT ft^i"^' .• """^ '*^^ Rlandanl in Knirland. wliv !»ave "three dictiiT.aries lieen published to correct It 7" Wliat evil 
 
 Tiiof-it*^! ''^^\'*'"' 'Existence of tlie work, if it wre not known or lollowod ? 
 roiinm-- al'i   /'f^hster and his filends know that Walkers Diclionarv is |)Opular,and in reneral use in this 
 ^hpivp • fif ttio i"''lr^";,*'^''y can divert tiie publick rnind frrni this work, Webster's Dictionary must remain on Die 
 lanioXfm -iWprT- , Thw^ they (Webster and his irionc's) tndfavour to convince the American people that 
 c^,ntrv i' Ri'i't r-imi. \'^'" Walker, is more correct, hr-cause, f. rs'x th. his work is not known, or in uac In this 
 Sini /fmV/. o^ m^nv'^V} '^ '^''^/•'^nary, which was "published to corr'-a Walker's," (as stated by Mr. Webster.) con- 
 W show Urn ^' sutemoiT- * ""'^ inconsistencies as Walker's ; and I clvalleusc Mz. Webster or his frlecuU
 
 INTRODUCTION. T 
 
 time announced in the journals of the day, that Mr. Webster would soon 
 publish a Dictionary/ that would contain a specifick for ail the deficiencies, 
 discrepances, and anomalies, not only in the forjner works of Mr. Webster, 
 but of all otiier aiitliors, and would form an uavanjing- STANDARD of the 
 orthography and orthoepy of the English language. Nor was this all that 
 was fondly'anticipalcd from t'ne [)romised labours of the American Philologist. 
 A new series of Elementary Works for the use of schools was immediately to 
 emanate from this immutable Standard, which should be divested of the inac- 
 curacies, contradiciions, and absurdities of Johnson, IValkei , Jameson, and 
 others— publications which should correspond in their orthography and pro- 
 nunciation with the Standard and with one another, and thereby produce 
 wliat is universally admitted to be a desideratum — uniformity in this departr 
 ment of Philology. 
 
 In order more emphatically to forestall publick opinion in relation to this 
 fortiicomi ng work, the friends of i.Ir. Webster re-published in this city under 
 the title of ''Red Book, (originally an English publication,) Bean rofr.s Practical 
 Orlliography ; in which the unpublished Quarto Dictionary of Mr. Webster 
 was lauded with fulsome and extravagant praise, although the panegyrist 
 admitted "that he had seen only the introductory part of the work."* 
 
 Tlie effect of these measures \va3 such' as might naturally be expected. All 
 further competition and investigation were for a time arrested, while his friends 
 waited with sanguine confidence the appearance of the promised Standard. 
 The literary qualifications of its autlior became generally admitted — the works 
 of the great English lexicographers, with their '• '-alpable inconsistencies and 
 prepostercnis anomalies,"' were spread before him ; a long and liberal patronage 
 had relieved him from tlio.se pecuniary embarrassments,! which he had attrib- 
 uted to Johnson as a prolifick source of errour ; and the favourable opinion 
 every where entertained of his judgement and experience combined to secure 
 a general acquiescence in the belief, that all these important considerations 
 would be realized in the Quarto Dictionary. Added to these, the inlhience of 
 an extensive, aristocratical, and persevering class of booksellers, whose interests 
 were already to a large amounJ identified with the success of 3!r. Webster, and 
 whose sensibility and vigilance were graduated by the amount of capital they 
 had invested in his works, all contributed to usher the quarto before the com- 
 munity under the most favourable auspices. It is now about three years since 
 it was published. It has become the property of the community so far as ita 
 claims to a Standard work are concerned ; and tliough the most unwearied 
 pains have been taken by Mr. Webster and his friends to puff it in newspapers 
 and periodicals, though by lecturing in every city and viiiago, and by per- 
 sonally applying to Members of Congress and others, he has been able to pro- 
 cure the recommendations of many men, eminent for their literature, in diflercnt 
 parts of the United States, yet I shall, in the following pages, show, beyond 
 
 • I should not now conflc?ren<l to notice fnis ophemrral pnxhiciionof the WeU^tori;m school, diii I not feci it my 
 duly to bestow a iii-isini,' remnrk upon tho uniounded .-\iid illiberal 'liHri'os coiil:tiiie<l in that work, that the dic- 
 tionaries of Johnson and W.dker arc nvire erroneous tha:i those of Webster— a fttatenient ec.uallv unjust anl un- 
 tnie, as I shall abundantly prove hercaltf-r. It is not unwonhy of remark, that at t!ie verv tiuic this same lU d nooic 
 WHS thu< lendine its aid and influence to blacken the fame of the illusiriius dead, and to pave the wnv for tltc 
 Innovations of ."Mr. Webster, the Anifrican editor of th;it work expressed to me h/s entire want of r/infulenco in 
 the nualifications of Mr. Webster a-s a l(j>;icr)!;r.ii)hcr. a:;d his anxious forel)Odin!:.s that the e.ype<-rcJ nu'jiic.-ition 
 would disappoint Ids friends. I was at lint rin.e en!r;ii.'e(l in wriii'iL' the review i>f .Mr. W.h.<ter's old .'^pellin". 
 B'lOk. before alluded to. and at the reque- 1 of the editor of the Ked Uoo'c. furni.vho.l him with a " inarkrj cotv <^ 
 Mr. IVebater'i Spelling'- Hook." which, by some means, found its way i.i .Mr. Webster's li'nnrv. as he subspijui niiy 
 admitted ; but v/lielher, by this means, Mr. Webster profited from my Lnljouri, it is not i;ow importdiit to i.-ifiuirc. 
 
   Mr. Web.«ter, in the prefac<> prefixed to his dictionary, published in isos, pa^e 19, wh»>n «|."akinffof Dr Johnson 
 Btated. that 'to assign the cauvs of these defects, is by no means diliicu'.t. We are told in the acrnnnLs of John- 
 Ton'A life, that he was almost always depressed by disease :.nd poverty : th.at he w.is n.iniraliy Indolent, ajid seldom 
 wrote untd he was urjred by want, or the necessity of fullillin;.' his en'.'a::ement« with his iKok.s/jller. Ilenco it 
 haii|iened, that he often received the money fur his wiitin^'s l>pf.)re his ma:ui>crip!s were prep.Tre\l. Then when 
 called upon foro>py, he was compcllel to pr-^pare his rnuiu-cripts In hasrc : and it mav tie r<aison»blv supi*o«id, 
 that, in some Misfances, they were sent to the |-»e.i.i in .in unrinishea stata Thi?he facts, while they may 'ac«o».ut for 
 by n« meaos excuse the multitude of errors in his dictJQnar>-."
 
 Vi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ihe possibility of contradiction, and, I ti-ust, in the spirit of candid and liberal criticisirt, 
 tliat it is, in its orthography^, far less accurate than the Dictionaries of Johnson and Walker 
 and in this respect less entitled to the character of a Standard work. 
 
 Shortly after the publication of the quarto, Mr. "Webster made an effort to redeem the 
 pledge given by his friends relative to the series of class-books for systematick instruction, 
 
 "^^ " ' ' " compile the Elc7nentary Spel- 
 
 •as the important quality 
 , therefore, reasonable to 
 expect that the first of the scries would correspond v/ith the quarto, especially in all those 
 words whose orthograp!.;y Mr. Webster claimed to have improved and rendered consistent 
 with analogy. With what degree of fidelity this pledge has been redeemed, the community 
 will be enabled to judge from the fact, that the compiler (i^-Ii'- Ely) has thought it prudent to 
 omit many of tliose words, the orthography of which Mr. Webster has changed ; and in 
 other cases, he has followed the orthography of Johnson in opposition to tliat of Webster. 
 
 It is not a little surprising that, notwithstfinding the repeated asseverations of Mr. Vv'e}> 
 ster and liis friends, both before the publication of the quarto, and while the Elementary 
 Spelling-Book was being prepared for the press, that, ""WALKiiu's Dictioxarv was un- 
 known' IN England," Mr. Ely was wont to claim as a matter of merit for that compilation, 
 that it was made from Walker's Rhyming Dictionary, and that it was from that work ho 
 derived the system of classification by tlie terminations. It is not less a matter of surprii?, 
 tiiat the publisher of the Octavo, vv'liile he endeavours to create the belief tluat this illusuicns 
 author is unknown, or is disrespected in his native country, has the matchless effronteiy to 
 insert at length in that edition, " Wai.kkr'cj Key to the Classical Pronun-ciation op 
 GruoF.K, Latin, and Scriptuke Proper Names." 
 
 The last effort of the great American Lexicographer is the Duodecimo Dictionaiy, design- 
 ed as the codicil to his other publications, and contains, as he alleges, " the pointing, orthog- 
 raphy, and pronunciation which he most approves." Novr, should it turn cut, that this pub- 
 lication is at variance with the Standard, (to wit, tlie qv.arto,') with Xhe, cctai^o, and with tlie 
 Elementary Spelling-Book, it must be conceded, that either the works of his meridian 
 tliought, or those of his dotage, are not entitled to confidence. This inconsistency I unhesita- 
 tingly declare to be the fact, and pledge myself to prove it in the following examinaticn. 
 
 i regret, in closing this Introduction, the necessity of animadverting upon the maUvcieut 
 and unwarrantable aspersions in Yv'liicli Mr. Webster has thought proper to indulge, in a 
 pamphlet recently published by hi:;i, containing the recommendaticns to his Series cf Books, 
 accusing others of plagieirism, and stigmatizing them with the appellation of " peddlinu 
 COMPILERS," v.^hen it is notorious that for the last three years, he has been making tours 
 through the country, and by appeals to the sympathies of individuals, has succeeded in pro- 
 curing for his works an introduction to v.hich their comparative merits would never have 
 entitled them. The propriety of such a course for proselyting, and for procuring the nanus 
 of individuals, as recommendatory, whose opportunity and business totally disqualiiy 
 th'^m for giving an opinion founded upon knowledge, may reasonably be questioned,t a course 
 which it is humbly conceived vw-ould never be resorted to, where personal feelings liad not 
 .usurped the reins of reason and candciir. 
 
 Neio York, October 10, 1831. LYMAN COBB. 
 
 * The foilowintr extract is tnlven from the cmrmiii-.icntion puhlifhcd In the Ncv/ York Comnierc IhI Atlveriiscr, 
 fJoc 15 is:9, >)v Mr. Josc])h iVicXoen. \vlio \v;;s Serretnry of (he- niec lin? of the lo;.diors in ILis City, \vl<en lliu rtpyit 
 in favour of Air. Wehster'.? El-nientarv Spellinir-Boo'.c was rejected liy alaige ruajoiity. 
 
 "Tl-(t Mr Ely was pii"-:i"P(\ to porfnin tliis soivira for Dr. Webster at the compensation of icco dollar.'!, I could 
 «;avon the aulliority of E. W. Morse and A. M. Mercliant, two trentlc.v.cn whose veracity will not he qucMionid in 
 tiVhs coinmiutitv. hnth uf them warm friends of l;r. V.-ebsier. tliad also the evidonco . f ?.lr iOiy h:niie:i il;r.l i.c 
 did so cflniiMle'the book : and, that for convenience in findinir words oi similar ternnnations, he had nsei! A\ aiKev s 
 Rhvnun'^ Dictionary, a London editii n of Vs2\ : that he sent the maim, cript .sheets on lo Lr. Wehsltr at >ew Ka\-ta, 
 and th<t Dr Webster was pleasoii with the e;<cci;iion of the w.n k. aiul had written hun ;i compUmL-iuary idler. ;.lr. 
 Elv was a sedate and reliirious man, and cou'ul have had no api:arcr.t <.'o.ltci ni mi.srepi;eK'ut;U!oii " 
 
 + The followint: editoiial article, which apo' aved in the New Vo:ic m-eiiunr I ost oj April V2, ISSI, co ful.y corrc- 
 «Donds with niv views upon this Fnljjfct,fi.ai 1 have taken t1;c Iipci ty ol ii^eiinig vl here. 
 
 '•"vefin'lin'ihcV.'a-;hin<'ton Tele-raph. a ctntificaie of mere ll:an oi.o hmuircn meml)ers of Congress tolhe 
 neritsof Webster's Dic.tirnar>'. recomn^eniiin.^ it as awmk pvcpoJ lo he c.-i.^ultui as a .st.v.uuard r 1 tne .anptaiie. 
 
 '' WitVou: mf-aniiiK anv disrespect to the Konileincn who have .ndiscnh. d. this ceitif.cate. \veinu.<i .-ay that we oo 
 not thini: it will do the Dictionary any rood. We M.Iicr n.embein of {oji.-ric.^.s to make our laws, hut ml to ma,. . 
 o r iL' a'T t is their province to adjust Die duties on salt ar.d molassx:s, but net the accents . n words ; (,i:n. 
 crrency to coins but iiot o vocables. 'ITe English laiiL-ua^e is then s, 'ol.aud.e xs hey i lea:, cm their .speeches in 
 romne^^ nd add'ressrs to their friends ol lionK.-a liberty which f.omc of ihcm posh to its an Ihc.t limits ; hut i is 
 no foMhnn . lictate to their consMtucnts in what nanner they shall u.-e it. Amonj: the names > uh; cnhcjl -.. the? 
 ^'^^'tKe in the Tele.'rnph, there may he s- m_e three or foiu" ^^oi't c;tr>en vd o.e opinMm < n t e -.1.,... .•..-.„...
 
 REVIEW 
 
 OF 
 
 WEBSTER'S QUARTO DICTIONARY. 
 
 The most prominent innovation in tlic orthography of Mr. Webster's Dictionary, is the 
 omission of k in the numerous class of words which end in ck in Johnson's Dictionary. 
 This innovation is considered by Mr. Webster a gi-eat impnwemcub on tha score of 
 uniforviitij. 
 
 Of this class of words, there are in our languas;e (acknov.'led^ed by Mr. Webster in his 
 dictionaries) ahoaijlve hundred : of these, Mr. Webster has tenviinated about three hundred 
 and fwen/y withe only ; and about one hundred and eighty with the c and k both! quite a 
 " unifornnhf indeed! Yet he lias stated, that "Johnson's orthography, which some com- 
 pilers follow, has been, in several classes of words, corrected by modern writers; as by the 
 omission of w in error ^ candor^ superior ; and/j \n public, music, &c. 1 have extended tlii.s 
 correction to alt, the words of these classes, with a view to cxirour-TiTV ; and have corrccl-ed 
 a few other palpable errors in the covimon orthography I" The candid reader can judge 
 whether he has that " VMiformifij." 
 
 I will now offer som? remarks as to the propriety or impropriety of this innovation, m 
 omitting k in this class of words. If wc refer to the languages from which these words were 
 derived, we shall find a very great variety of temiinations, entirely void of uniforTnily, as 
 c, ck, eke, ciis, que, cen, cken, cean, cca, ca, cian, ccc, &c. ; so that every person will, it is 
 pre?.iimed, perceive the necessity of uniformity in this class of words in our languac:e, and 
 conclude that all should end M'ith c only, or all with ck ; as tlie pronunciation of the syllable 
 would be the same in either case. I will also attempt to point out the difficulties which would 
 result, should this class of words end with c only, as blac, loc, attac, frolic, mimic, pnysic, 
 &c. ; or should the c (being a redundant letter in the language, or merely a representative, 
 and (-onsequently in this termination ck) be omitted, and tlie v.ords end with k only, as blak, 
 lok, pak, attak, &;c. First ; it has been observed thai the pronunciation of the syllables would 
 be the same, whether the words should end with ck or withe only; but as we form deriva- 
 tives from them by adding ing, ed, or er, the c would be pronounced like s in these deriva- 
 tives, agi-eeably to the invariable rule in the language, of pronouncing c like 5 before e, i, and 
 y ; (and without which distinct rule, the pronunciation of c in our language could never be 
 learned, as it is used indiscriminately before a, o, and u, and c, i, and y;) so that the sound 
 of the primitive syllable, or y.'ord, would be lost in the derivative; as back, bac, bac-ing, 
 bac-ed, pronounced bak, bas-ing, bas-cd; attack, attac, altac-ing, attac-ed, pronounced attas- 
 ing, attas-ed; frolic, frolic-ing, frolic-ed, pronounced frolising, frolis-ed ; physic, physic-ing, 
 physic-cd, pronounced phy.sis-ing, physis-ed, &c. &c. ; for if tlie k be not "in the primitive, 
 we may not insert it in the derivative, any more than we may z or z, agreeably to any rule 
 of spelling derivatives. Secondly; if c (the redundant letter in this termination) should be 
 omitted in the primitive words, we must double the k in forming the derivatives from the 
 words of this class, of one syllable, or those accented on the last syllable, agreeably tn the 
 established rule of the language, in forming derivative words, which is, tliat a consonant 
 v,-hich ends a monosyllabic or a word accented on the last syllable, preceded by a single 
 vowel, should be doubled, when a .syllable is added beginning with a vowel : as rob, robbing, 
 roljbed, debar, debrvi-ring, debarred, &c. ; consequently thus, back, bak, baJcking, bakked '; 
 black, blakker, blakken, blakking, blakked ; attack, attak, attakkins:, attakked, &c., which 
 would appear very awkward, as kk are not in English, and it M-ould also be more difficult 
 to write kk than ck. Hence it appears evident thattJie •' uniforniitv" of whicli Mr. Webster 
 speaks so highly, should consist m spelling all these words witli'c/l- in the primitives, ajjd 
 that great difficulty and peiplexity wouUrresult from any otlicr "uniformity" in the or- 
 thography of this numerous class of words. The k should end all these words, and should 
 be retamed m all derivatives, except when the k is followed by a, o, ovu, (unless the c be 
 sounded like .s in the derivative;) as mimick, mimicking, mimicked, phvsick, physickino- 
 physicked, frolick, frolickins:, frolickofl, lucky, &c. ; but not in physical, publication, &.C., as 
 tlie c comes before a, and is hard like /.-, the k need not be retained. Mr. Webster must 
 have lost sight of this rule, and the above reasons, or rise he is vilful respecting them, or he 
 would not, in speaking of this class of words, have stated in hi.s introduction, that " to add 
 , a"er cm such words (speaking of musick. publick, and republican, &c.)is beyond measure 
 absurd, for both have the same power, having been formed from the same ori^nal charac-
 
 8 WEBSTER'S ClUARTO DICTIONARY. 
 
 for the same reason that k is omitted in publicnation, viz. the a follows ck, and consequently 
 the c is hard as in the primitive without k I 
 
 Let us farther examine Mr. Webster's ortlio^aphy of this class of words for the purpose 
 
 already 
 c-ne hundred and eighty of the five hundred words of this class, so that no person will 
 "contend" that he has tliat ^'uniformity"! Secondly; with regard to Mr. Webster's 
 rejection of A' " from words in which it is'u^ieless." As Mr. Webster has spoken in such 
 strong terms of the " prime excellence" of " uniformity, " we might reasonably suppose that 
 he would have retained k in all these words, or would have omitted it in all, from which 
 we never form derivatives; yet he has not in the retention of k in the one hundred and 
 eighty words, or in tlie expulsion of it in the three hundred and twenty, paid any regard to 
 tliese principles : for instance ; he has retained k in many words in which it is followed by 
 e or i in forming derivatives, as lock, stock, attack, traffick, frolick, ransack, &c.; and he 
 has omitted it in words of the same class ! as physic, and garlic, without k, from which phys- 
 icking, physicked, and garlickeater, are formed. He has spelled garliceater without A;, 
 which must, agreeably to his " directions for tlie pronunciation of words," be pronounced 
 ^arliseater, as he says, " before e, c is precisely equivalent to s." Under the word unphys- 
 icked he has spelled physicked witli k, though he has not k in physic ! Mr. Webster has 
 spelled mimic, when a noun, without k, and with it wlien a verb ; yet he has made no such 
 distinction in the v/ords frolick and traffick, having spelled them with k in both cases ! and 
 he has spelled these three words in this contradictory manner in the definitions of the same 
 words ! This inncvoMon makes another " anomaly " in our language, that of spelling the 
 noun and verb differently, when they are pronounced alike. Again, he has retained k in 
 many words from which no derivatives are formed ; as almanack, bailiwick, barrack, bassock, 
 bullock, buttock, frock, girrock, haddock, hattock, hemlock, hillock, hollyhock, jannock, lin- 
 stock, mattock, paddock, pollock, peacock, puddock, shamrock, &c.; and he has omitted the 
 k in words of the so.me class ! as bishopric, candoc, carac, cannnoc, cambric, hammoc, hom- 
 moc, hassoc, limbec, puttoc, tussoc, &c. 
 
 Again ; he has inserted k after c in some derivatives, in which c is followed by a conso- 
 nant; as frolickly, frolicksome, frolicksomeness, trackless, &c.; and has omitted it in otliers 
 of tlie 5a wg class ! as franticness, mimicry, publicly, publicness, &c. ! 
 
 And again ; lie has also inserted' k after c in some compoujid words, as almanack-maker, 
 ban-ack-master, &c. and has omitted tlie k in other words of tlie saine class ! as panic-gi-ass, 
 public-spirited, &c. ! 
 __,.. Thus Mr. Webster, instead of a '^ uniformity " in the orthography of these words, has 
 spelled them in such a manner as to produce every species of contradiction and inconsistency 
 imaginable, and very great defect and perplexity in the formation of many derivatives; yet 
 Johnson and Walker, whom Mr. Webster has so strongly censured for their retaining the 
 A", have by the retention of the k in all this class of words, observed a system of orthography 
 which is uniform and consistent, and avoids the defect and perplexity which would result 
 in the formatioji of derivatives, should the k be omitted. It is quite surprising that Mr. 
 Webster should have condemned Johnson and Walker's retention of A', and of not observing 
 uniformity, when they are uniform and consistent in these words, and he has not observed 
 cither tiiliformiiy or consistency in any one particular!! In this retention of A:, Johnson 
 
 of ^' in fiome words is said to be a great improvement, and it is made the subject of every 
 newspaper article written by Mr. Webster or his friends, and is particularly dwelt on by 
 hiir< in his lectures and speeches, in favour of his system, in opposition to Johnson and 
 Walker. But it is utterly impossible for any person to adopt all the contradictions and 
 inconsistencies which Mr. Webster has in the orthography of this class of words, as has 
 been fully shown, it is believed. It is the practice with many writers, editors, and printers, 
 to omit the /; in some of these words, and retain it in others, without any apparent regard to 
 uniformity; but it is presumed that no person, after having thoroughly examined the prin- 
 ciples of our Ian pu age, will pursue this system of spelling (merely for the sake of conveni- 
 ence) which is void of consistency and unifonnity, and prodv.ces peq^lexity in the fomiaUon 
 
 of many derivatives. 
 
 VThe Second innovation in Mi'. Webster's ortliography, claimed as a great improvement, 
 js'the omission of w in the unaccented termination our, as labour, honour, vigour, inferiour, 
 &c. The " rcusons " assigned in support of this omission of u, contrary to our most appro- 
 veA English lexicographers, are, that " tliere is inconvenience, if not impropriety, in wriUng 
 labour wiUi n, but laborious without it: as also rigour, but rigorous; vigour, invigorate ; 
 inferiour, inferiority, &r. We deem ii most correct and most convenient, txj reswre the 
 original Latin orthography." To me, the above " reasons " seem to be not well founded ; 
 fer r'^a-oning from the sawie analogy, we m\^H ci^ndemn the " impropnety of inserting
 
 WEBSTER'S aUARTU DICTIONARY. $ 
 
 it in curious, :^enerous, pompous, &c. when it is not in curiosity, generosity, pomposity, &c.; i 
 in declaim, exclaim, explain, proclaim, repair, villain, grain, &c. but not in declamation, excla- 
 mation, explanation, proclamation, reparation, villany, granaiy, <fcc., al.so the '' impropriety" 
 of inserting a in congeal, reveal, &c., but not in coiigelatiojj, revelation, &c. &c., in all of 
 which, and in numerous others of similai- analog)', Mr. Webster has inserted letters in one 
 word (the primitive) which are not in the oth';r (the derivative,) precisely as Johnson, 
 Walkt:;r, and aU other lexicogi-aphers have. In fact, tliere are numerous letters in our lan- 
 guage, many of which are necessary in the primitive words, others are unnecessar}'- ; as 
 final c in waste, name, hate, fertile, servile, f'tc; final 7i in autmnn, condemn, &c.; u in 
 labour, rigour, generous, &c. Of tliese many arc useless in forming the derivative words, 
 as e in wasting, hating, fertility, servility, &/c.. ; u in laborious, rigorous, generosity, &c. ; 
 and others are necessary, as n in autmnnal, condemnation, 6ic. Again ; many Avords are 
 spelled differently from otlicrs of a lilce or similar pronunciation, by the use of a different let- 
 ter which shall be made to convey the same sound by common consent, or by the retention oi 
 silent letters in many words v/hich shall distinguish'onc word from another, both to the rcadeif 
 and hearer; as rein, reign, rain; bot, boat, bought ; men, mean, mien ; the, thee, they ; rite', 
 right, write, wright ; past, paste ; revel, reveal ; morning, mourning ; pus, puss ; man, main ; 
 wet, weight; bran, brain, brawn, &c. &c. Himdreds of othe^ letters might have been 
 expunged by Mr. Webster with as much an^ even more pYopricty tlian the k and u in the 
 tWo preceding classes of words; for, tliese are the most objectionable classes which could 
 possibly have been selected by him, as he has not, and could not, render them either U7ii- 
 furvi ov consistent. Again, Mr. Webster has stated that " thi.s orlhogi-aphy (the retention of 
 ^') is not calculated to exhibit the English pronunciation." In the preceding declaration Mr. 
 Webster was under a great mlsla/ce ; for this unaccented ou is pronounced like u short" 
 consequently when the u is retained (as it should be) the o is silent and the u is sounded 
 short, as in the original, agreeably to the i-ulc of pronouncing this unaccented diphthong oil 
 (and other diphthongs unaccented, which is, that the firstvowel should be silent, and the latter 
 sounded, as ui in biscuit, el in foreign, ai in bargain, &c. &;c.) in all tlie terminations ous 
 and oii.r. This principle is acknowledged by Mr. Webster in his Spelling-Book, in which 
 he has italick in the termination ous, and ii. Roman, as pious, gricvous, &c. and in the word 
 bohavi(7ur! which pointedly contradicls his statement above ; viz. that tlie retention of the 
 u "is not calculated to exhibit the English pronunciation." Hence if Mr. Webster wished 
 to make an innovation which would be an iniprovevicnt, he shoiild have omitted the o and 
 retained the n ; but he has retained the o which should be omitted, (if either,) and is silent 
 [see tlie words behavi^jur, page 91 ; heinous, pious, p. 4G; glorious, previous, p. 51) ; in his 
 Sp?]ling-Book.] and which nmst have the sound of the u (short) which he expunged ! and 
 h'e has expunged the u which was sounded ! In his expulsion of u in this imaccented ou, 
 we find tlie same consistency and unifonniiy which characterize his expulsion of i in the 
 termination ck, as he has oviitlcd the u in about Jifiij v.-ords ending in cur, and has retained 
 it in the same unaccented diphthong in about six hundred words ending in ous! The u in 
 this unaccented termijiation our, is retained in this class of words by those lexicographers 
 who sTJcU the words v/hich end in ck vmiformly, viz. Bailey. Sheridan; Perr\', Jones, Jame- 
 son, Todd'fj Johnson, iS:c. 
 
 The third innovation in Mr. Webster's orthogi*aphy, which he claims to be a very par- 
 ticular i?nprorement, is the termination of the class of words vv hich end in re in all otlier 
 dictionaries. In the orthography of this class of words, in which the termination re is pre- 
 ceded by a consonant, Mr. Webster has made a nimiber of variations, and has many con- 
 tradictions and inconsistencies. He has spelled accoutcr, ampliitJicater, center, concenter, 
 fiber, luster, maneuver, meter, miter, ocher, scepter, sepulcher, specter, and verteber, with er 
 only I and he has spelled ornber and ombre, saltpeter and saltpetre, peter and petre, llieater 
 and tlieatre, saber and sabre, bcih ways, v/ith er and re! 
 
 Again ; he has spelled belleslettres, chancre, electre,. livre, and lucre, with re only ! He 
 has also spelled acre with re, and aker with er I and has given aker the prelerence, iis " the 
 most correct orthoiiTaphy," yet he has written it acre in the definition of rood! He has 
 spelled massacer and massacre, with cr ant" re! and, altliough he has placed massacer first, 
 yet he has given massacre in the definition of the word itsch! Tims wc find iiiconsistencf 
 and a v/ant"of ivnijorniity in the orthography of this class of ^^'ords, having all contradic- 
 tions pos.slble, as he lias spelled part of them with er, or rc'on\y, and part of them with er 
 and re both ! one with ccr, and one v.-ith ker ! It is indeed surprising, that Mr. Webster haa 
 spelled these words in such a contradictory manner. Why he has spelled acre, aker. wiUi 
 ker, and not lucre and chancre, luker and chankcr, witJi ker also, when all of them end in 
 ere ; and fiirthcr, why he has spelled massacer, ccr, aker, ker, when Uiese four end in ere, 
 can not be easily seen ! Great perplexity would arise in the foi-rnation of derivatives from 
 words of Uiis class sliould. they end in er ; but when they end in re, we drop the finals, 
 when we form derivatives by nddiitga syllable or a part of a syllable, as we do in forming 
 derivatives from other words which end in c, ami thereby render tliem regular in their forma- 
 tion ; thus centre, centrick ; fibre, fibrous; lustre, lustrous; nitre, nitrouK ; sepulchre, sepul- 
 chral, &c. : but thfy muct be fonncd in a very awkward manner when these v ord.s end in 
 cr^ as center, cfr.trick; luster, luitrous ; sepulcher, sepulchral, &c. Mr. Webster has, when
 
 10 WEBSTER'S aUARTO DICTIONARY. 
 
 speakino; of this class of words in his introduction, observed, that " in the present instance 
 want ef uniformity is not the only evil. The present orthography has introduced an 
 awkward modi of writing the derivatives, for example, centred, sceptred, sepulchred." 
 Yet he has himself '•' introduced" this " awkward mode of spelling derivatives" in the word 
 acred, which he has spelled crcd ; and agreeably to analogy, he must spell massacred, cred, 
 unless he shall adopt his new orthography of massacer, in which case it would be pro- 
 nounced massasered ! as " c, before c, is precisely equivalent to s." The r is transposed in 
 the pronunciation of tlie word acred (as he has spelled it) as it is, and should be, in centred, 
 sceptred, &c., and so the words should be spelled. The same inconsistency which he has 
 fallen into in spelling acred and massacred, red ; and centered and sceptered, cred, we shall 
 find in other derivatives formed from words in this clas'S ; thus chancre, chancrous ; and 
 niter, nitrous, ous ; and ocher, ocherous, crous! But if these words be spelled witli re, no 
 perplexity or inconsistency will then exist in the formation of derivatives. 
 
 Johnson and Walker, and the other lexicogi-aphers above referred to, retain the re in these 
 words, and are consistent and uniform, whereas, from the preceding exposition, it will ap- 
 pear that Mr. Webster is not. 
 
 I have taken notice of three prominent " innovations" in the orthography oi*three different 
 classes of words, in the American DicTioxAuy, viz. words which end in ck, in unaccented 
 our, and in re. These " innovations" wei-e adopted by Mr. Webster in his former dic- 
 tionaries, and in liis Spelling-Book, although at vai'iance with Johnson, Walker, &c. as it 
 has been shown. 
 
 I will now take notice of some of his neio " Innovations," and show that the same incortr- 
 sistency and want of uniformity exist in tlieir orthography as m the classes of which notice 
 has been ttUcen. 
 
 Of the class of words which end in (f, (not monosyllables,) Mr. Webster has spelled many 
 with ff, and others with single /; as bailif, caitif, dandruf, mastif, plaintif, pontif, restif, 
 sherif, and tarif, with single /'; ciistaff, hippogriif, and midriff, witli//7 Bailiff, caitiff, dan- 
 druff, and mastiff, are spelled with //"in tlie text, but he has corrected them in his " correc- 
 tions" at the close of his dictionary, by spelling them with single// Thus he has nxTve 
 with single f, and three with //"/ He has spelled bailif with single/ in his " corrections," 
 but he has spelled boundlwiliff and bumljaililf with /T, and in the definition of bumbailiff he 
 has also used underbailiff with /T.' He has spelled pontif with single/, and archpontiff 
 with/f ; and in the definition of archpontiff, lie has spelled pontiff with/"/ but in the def- 
 inition of pontif he has spelled it witli siiiglc/.' He has spelled dcputysheriff with ff, 
 and undersherif with single/; and in defining dcputysheriff he has sheriff with ff, but m 
 defining undersherif he has sherif with single// In his " corrections" he has spelled clif 
 with single f, but in his text he has all of the other monosyllah'^is of this class with/', as 
 cuff, buff^ puff, skiff, »&c. 
 
 Thus we see that Mr. Webster is extremely inconsistent and contradictory in the or- 
 thography of this class of words. Johnson, Wallier, Todd, Jameson, &c. &e. have spelled 
 all of these words with ff, and have preserved consistency and uniformity ; and even Mr. 
 Webster liimself spelled all these words withjf in liis iwo former dictionaries, published in 
 1806 and 1817. It is the custom in our language to write /?" and ss in many cases where all 
 other consonants would be single, particularly in unaccented tenninations, as bailiff, sheriff, 
 &c. harass, compass, &c. If Mr. Webster would be consistent, he should omit one s in the 
 words harass, embarrass, compass, &c. &c. as ss is as " unnecessary" in the words of this 
 class, as ff is in the class of words in which he has expunged an// But he seems not to 
 have taken consistency into the account at all in making his innovations. 
 
 In speaking of the class of words which end in ence or ense, Mr. Webster has observed, 
 
 that " defense, expense, offense, pretense, recompense, should be spelled witli s, for this letter 
 
 must be used in the derivatives, defensive, expensive, y^rctcnsion, recompensing. Uniformity 
 
 is here a great convenience." But has Mr. Webster by this change of c to s, in two or three 
 
 words, produced " uniformity" thvoughout the language! He has retained c in fence, ti-ance, 
 
 &c. so that the same " anomalies" appear in his, as in other dictionaries. Thus fence, 
 
 trance, fenceless, fenciblc, tranced, &c., withe; and offenscless, defensible, entransed, &c., 
 
 with si If he intended V) produce " uniformity," he should have spelled all these words 
 
 with c or s only. Again ; he has spelled enU-anse (when a verb) with s, but he has spelled 
 
 disentrance with c, and he has spelled the derivatives of each in this contradictory manner, 
 
 as entransing, entransed, with s, and disentrancing, disentranced, with c / He has also, in 
 
 defining the word entranse, spelled transe with s, but in defining disentrance, he has spelled 
 
 trance with c I Thus every possible contradiction and want of " uniformity" in this class of 
 
 vrords also. 
 
 In the orthography of the word aclie and its compounds and derivatives, Mr. Webster has 
 
 a number of " anomalies and innovations" which are void of consistency and uniformity ; 
 
 for instance, he has spelled o.che and ake, with ch and k, and has given ake tlie preference ; 
 
 but in all the compounds he has ch, as bellyache, boneache, headach,"heartacli, and toothache ! 
 
 He has spelled aching and aking, with ch and A;, without giving a })refercnce, but he has 
 
 spelled unaking but one way, with k only ! He has, in defining ake, spelled toothake and 
 
 hcadake with k, but in the text has spelled them touthaclie and headach, with ch ! He has
 
 WEBSTER'S aUARTO DICTIONARY. U 
 
 spelled b'-illyache, boneache, and toothache, Avith final e, and headach and heartach without 
 it! He has spelled headach, in the text, without final e, and with it in the definition of tlie 
 word angor ! Thus he has spelled headach three different ways ! In tliis list of words, 
 seven in number, Mr. Webster Ivas Jive conlradietions and inconsislencics ! 
 
 The next " innovations" in the orthography of tliis work, of which I shall take notice, arc 
 those in the words which usually end in I or U. 
 
 Mr. Webster has observed, that befall, install, recall, foretell, distill, fulfill. &c., should end 
 with II. The " reasons^^ given are, that " the orthography, bcfal, recal, instal, (single Z,) 
 leads to a false pronunciation. This is not the case with foretel, &c., but in all such words, 
 tlie last consonant must be doubled in the derivation, foretelling, distillery, distiller, and a 
 rule is more convenient tlian a rule and an exception.'^ 
 
 The foregoing " reason* m favour of ending foretell, distill, fulfill, &c., withZ/, instead of 
 single I, viz. " that tTie last consonant 'nuisL be doubled in the derivation, foreteller, distiller," 
 &c., is veiy novel and singular, and seems not to be supported cither by analQgy or custom ; 
 for unless / be a 'privllcgedl'i.i'iex , there can be no better " reason" given in support of doubling 
 that letter in distill^ extill, &c., than in favour of doubling r in debar, n in trepan, t in admit, 
 &c. &c., because the r, n, and t " must be doubled in the derivation," debarring, ti-epanning, 
 admitting, &c. ; and Mr. Webster's practice is far from acknowledging I as a privileged 
 letter, as he has not given it so much privilege as other lexicographers have, for he has 
 spelled counselor, traveler, &c., witli single I mstead of II, as all others have .spelled tlicm. 
 Although the preceding " reasons" are given as conclusive arguments in favour of doubling 
 final I in these words, yet we find the same inconsistencies and cont7-adictions in the or- 
 thography of this class of words, v/hich characterize the other " innovations" and intended, 
 " improvements" in the orthography of the language, of v/hich notice has been taken. Thus 
 he ha3 spelled distill, extill, foretell, instill, with U, and compel, dispel, exjjcl, excel, impel, 
 propel, rebel, (verb,) rcfel, repel, with single I! and the lis doubled, and " must be in the 
 derivations" of all these words alike! Again; Mr. Webster has annul, disannul, with 
 single I, contrary to the " reasons" above given, as the I '• must be doubled in the deriva- 
 tions," annulling, annulled, disannulling, &c. ; and he can not assign this as a " reason," 
 that the w v/ould be sounded as in bull, should the I be doubled, as u never has that sound 
 when preceded by n I the orthography of tiicsc words then is a co7ilr a diction of his rule. 
 Thus he has the following, with mmierous other similar inconsistencies : annulment, disan- 
 nulment, &c., with single I, and distilliijent, fulfillment, &c., with U! He has .spelled control, 
 parol, bandrol, witli single I, and enroll, disenroll, patroll, unroll, witli /// Thus we find the 
 following inconsistencies: controlment with single I, and enrollment w'whU! Johnson, 
 Walker, Jameson, &c., have spelled tliesc last three classes of v/ords witli single I, in the 
 orthography of which they arc consistent and uniform. 
 
 It is the custom with all lexicographers (except Mr. Webster) to omit one I in the deriva- 
 tives and compounds of fill, full, skill, will, &c., thu.-; fulness, sinfulness, skilful, wilfijl, .skilful- 
 ness, &c. ; but Mr. Webster has spelled fullness, skillful, willful, &x,. with II, though lie has 
 single I, in the last syllable of skillful, willful, &c. He cannot, with any degree of propriety, 
 assert that II are inserted in fullness, &c. to denote the sound of u, as the u has the same 
 sound in fulfill, skillful, skillfulncss, spoonful, handful, &c. in v/liich it is followed by single Z/ 
 Hence we observe tliat there is neither propriety nor consistency in tliis doubling of I by 
 Mr. Webster in the compounds, above refeiTed to. conti-ary to tlie established rules of tlie 
 language, adhered to by all other lexicographers. Again; Mr. Webster has urged in 
 favour of his system of orthogi-aphy, that he has " abbreviated" and omitted " all useless" 
 letters, as well as rendered the language " uniform ;" but this insertion of another I in com- 
 pounds in v/hich it is both inconsistent, '^useless," and not " unifonn," is rather a novel way 
 of abbreviating the language ! Mr. Webster has stated that, " befall, install, &c. with sino-le 
 I, would lead to a false pronunciation ;" yet he has spelled withal, therewithal, wherewith^, 
 with single I, in which the a has the same sound as in befall, &c. precisely as Johnson 
 Walker, &c. have spelled Uiem ! 
 
 Again ; he has spelled also, always, already. 6:c. with single I, (in which a has tlie broad 
 sound,) Just as Johnson, Walker, and other Icxicographeio luivc spelled them ; and tJicro 
 is as much fear that " single I would lead to a false pronunciation," in these words as in 
 tlie words in which he has doubled ihcl! Mr. W. has observed tliat Z should not be doubled 
 in cavilled, traveller, counsellor, &c. as it is in tlic dictionarirs of Johnson, Widkcr, &c. and as 
 it was in the two/ormcr dictionaries of ]\li-. Webster; but tliat tlicsc words should be spelled 
 traveler, &c. with one Z; yet he has s])clled chajiclling, bordeller, nicdalli.st. meliilline, metal- 
 list, metallize, clavcUatcd, &c. with II, contrary to his rule! Again, he has spelled cancela- 
 tion and snively with single Z, and cupcllatinn, pannellation, willoliy, with/// And he has 
 also spelled counsellor with II, contrary to his text, in defining each of tlic following words, 
 twice under apply, three times under attomey, and under aulic ; travclhr with II, contrary to 
 his text, in defining baggage and bourn; counsillins, with // contrary to liis text, in defining^ 
 abetting; fulfilment with single Z contrary tjo !iis text, in dcfinini: accomplishment, assets, 
 and bilk; caviller, cmpannellcd, du'illing, inol.llini,', driveller, with //, contrary to his text, 
 in defining findfuilt, charter, contenipt!i)le, falcd, and drivel; and tlnt.e word, oImivc noted, 
 spelled contrary to his text in his definitions, lie has tiierc spelled a^ccnl>ly to Johnsoq,
 
 13 WEESTERS UUARTO DICTIONARY. 
 
 Walker, Jameson, &c. • ! Thus we see in tliis as in all the other '• iiinovalions" of Mr. Web- 
 ster, he has contradictions and inconsist-encies in every possible form ! 
 
 In the omission of one I in counselor, traveler, &.c. Mr. Webster seems not to be sup- 
 ported by analogy ; for the letter I is and always has been &. privileged letter, as well as /and 
 5, being dovibled in cases where no otlier consonants are doubled, as ball, fell, will, roll, bull, 
 puff, pass, puss, &c. ; but cab, lad, leg. ram, van, rap, far, met ; dec. &c. have tlie consonants 
 b, d, g^ m, n,p, r. t, &c. single in the same situation. Thus in words of more than one sylla- 
 ble, bailiff, tariff, harass, embarrass, &c. tire /and s are doubled, in the primitive and deriv- 
 ative words. So Vv'ithZ in the v/ords counsellor, traveller, o:c. &c. it is doubled in the deriv- 
 ative although single in the primitive counsel, travel, &.c. foi the Z is a liquid letter, easily 
 uniting with other letters, and has not i?i any sii^caiion in the language, the power of short- 
 ening tlie sou.nds of the vowels which precede it. This is the reason why Z, m particular, is 
 doubled in all monosyllables when ail (witli few exceptions, and Mr. Webster has not cor- 
 rected those exceptions) the other consonants arc single && shown above ; and for the same 
 reaso7i I, not having the shortening power as other consonants, as above stated, is doubled 
 jn the derivative words counsellor, counselling, traveller, travelled, cavilling, ^c. &c. although 
 single in travel, &c. while the letters t, r, &c. are not doubled in the derivatives coveted, prof- 
 ited, differing, mm-muiing, &c. when unaccented, as the letter I is doubled. 
 
 In the orthography of the class of words tliat end in onb, Mr. Webster has introduced a 
 number of " ikkovations" and inconsistencies. Thus, he has spelled dumb, limb, and 
 numb, with b ; and cruni without it ! He has spelled dumb with ft, and dmnfound without 
 iL He has spelled thumb and tlmm with b and without it ; and has given thum without h 
 the preference ; and he has also .spelled thimiring and thumstall without b, and in defi- 
 ning thum and its derivatives he has spelled it thum without b seven times ; but in defining 
 finger and forefinger he has spelled it tjiumb with b three times ! In his text he has spelled 
 benum, benumming and benummed \yithout final b, but in defining tlie words numb and tor- 
 pent, he has spelled benumb, benimibing, and benumbed, with h, contrary to his text ! 
 
 Mr. Webster has spelled matrass, carcass, &c. witli ss in the unaccented syllable, as 
 Walker, Johnson, and others have spelled them ; but he has spelled cutlas with single s, 
 contrary to them and to analogy and vniformiiy I for if cutlas be spelled with single 5, mat- 
 rass, &c. should be, most unquestionably. Johnson, Walker, and otliers, spell porpoise and 
 tortoise with the termination oise, but Mr. Webster has made an " innovation " by spelling 
 poi-pess (ess) to produce " uniformity " in his orthography, which " is a prime excellence in 
 the rules of language." 
 
 Mr. Webster has spelled conscientious with t in tlie last syllable, but imconscicncious 
 >yith c, and in defining unconsciencious, he has conseiencious with c, contrary to his text! 
 He has spelled analyzed with z, but unanalysed with 5, and in defining uuanalyscd he has 
 §pelled analysed with s, contrary to his text ! He has spelled vizard v.-itli z, but unvisaid 
 with 5.' He has spelled poised u-ith^, but unpoized with ;2r, and in defining unpoized he 
 has spelled poized v/ith z, contrary to his text ! He has spelled composite and decomposite 
 with final ^, and deposit and rcposit without e I He has spelled imbittered with i, but unern- 
 bittered withe, and in defining unembittered he has spelled embittered, contrary to his text! 
 He has spelled imbosom v.'itli i, but disembosom withe/ He has spelled imbrangle 
 with r, but disembrangle with e I He has spelled inthralled with i, but uneii- 
 thralled -witlie/ He has spelled inversely and adversely with e after .■;, but diversly 
 without e 1 He has spelled ethereal with c, but in his " additions " at the close of the bock, 
 etherialize and etherialized with i I He has spelled referee with single r, but transferree 
 "withrr/ He has spelled counselor with single Z, but chancellor with /Z.' He has spelled 
 entreat with c, but intreatful with i, and has defined it tlius, "full of cntreoty " ! He has 
 spelled analyze withy, but paralij^e with i, and in defining palsy in his " additions" he has 
 paralyze with ij, contrary to his text 1 He has spelled in v.-rap with i, but env/rapment with 
 e ! He has spelled plumtree without b, but hogplumbtree with it ! He has spelled baize with 
 final e, but maiz without it ! He has spelled purslain with ain, but horse-purslane with ane! 
 JSe has spelled sootlie (verb) v.ith final e, but smooth (verb) without it, and oo has the same 
 iSbund in both words ! He has spelled brier v/jtli c, but sweetbriar with a, and after the word 
 he has [sweet and briar] in which he has spelled briar v/ith a, contrary to his text ! Again, 
 in defining brier, he has spelled sweetbrier with e, contrary to his text^ He has spelled gos- 
 peller and hospitaller with II, but modeler and victualer, &c. M'itli single Z/ He has spelled 
 alledged with d, but allegeeible and allegement without it! He has ctimlet Avilhcut b, but 
 gunbletwitl) it, and in defining bore and Vv'imble he has spelled gimlet without i, contrary to 
 his text! He has spelled potato and wo witliout final e, but musketoe with it. and in defi- 
 ning batatas he has pct.atoe with c, and also in defining ( ^ och ?,nd feel he has spelled woe 
 "with e, contrary to his text 1 He has spelled garlic witliout I:, but pil-garliok with it, anfl 
 after the word he has [/>?7ZecZ and ^rtrZ/cZ:] with /<•, contrary to his text! He has laureate 
 Nyidi e, but poetlaureat without it ! He has spelled enchanted av ith e, but unincliantcd witli 
 i and « both ! He has spelled furlow (fnrlcvgh) and plow (j;Inugh) \v\ih oic, 'iz^sieB.6 cl 
 dvgh, as other lexicographers have spelled them, but he has spelled slougli, thorough, &c. 
 Tyith ovgh, as others have them ! 
 
 Mr. Wel^ster har-,. in hi<? iniroduction, censured Johnson, Walker, Todd, Sheridan, Jones,
 
 WEBSTER S aUARTO DICTIONARY. 19 
 
 &.C. for their inconsistencies in the orihograpliy of many words in uiurh he now professc* 
 to have produced uniformity ; as it in daub and to in bedawb : judgement with e, but acknowl- 
 etigment without it ; proveablc, movealjle, &c. witli e, but reprovable, immovable, &c. witlj- 
 out it ; traveller, counsellor, with II instead of single / ; yet Mr. Webster had all these 
 "inconsistencies," for which ho has so strongly censured ci/tcr lexicographers, in both his 
 former dictionaries, published in 1800 ju-.d 1817 ; and even the word dispatch, of which he 
 has said so much in his introduction, he spelled in both his former dictionaries despatch with 
 e, as Johnson, Walker, and otliers have spelled it ! 
 
 I should not have considered it my duty to allude to the above facts, had Mr. Webster, 
 instead of censuring Johnson, Walker, Jones, &c. for (heir inconsistencies in the orthogra- 
 phy of the words above noted, merely observed, that Johnson, Walker, Todd, dec. and 
 myself (Mr. Webster) have spelled these words in this co7ii radictory manner in <«/r diction- 
 aries, which I have now endeavoured to reduce to unifonnity ! The contradictory manner 
 in which he has spelled the words abridgment, acknowledgment, judgment, and lodgment in 
 his former works, would seem to require the above admi.ssion on his part : for instance ; in 
 his Spelling-Book he spelled abridgement and judgement widi c [acknowledgment and 
 lodgment were not in his spelling lessons]; in his dictionar}^ published in ISOG, he spelled 
 abridgment and acknowledgment without e, but judgement and lodgement with it! m his 
 dictionaiy, published in 1817, he spelled all oftheni with e, abridgement, acknowledgement, 
 judgement, and lodgement ! in this, the American Dictionary he has spelled all of them with- 
 out e, abridgment, acknowledgiiient, judgment, and lodgment, while abridgement and judge- 
 ment have remained the same, with e, in his Spelling-Book, during this counter-revolution 
 in his dictionaries ! 
 
 Again; there arc many other " inconsistencies " in tlie English language which require 
 correction as much as those which Mr. Webster has endeavoured to reduce to unifonnity ; 
 as benum without b, but numb with it ; wreath without final e, but inwrcathe with it ; irnbitter 
 with i, but discmbitter with e ; dryly, dryness, shyly, and shyness, with y. but slily and sli- 
 nessv/ithi; conversable witli a, but reversible -witli i ; forbear with co, despair with ai, 
 and prepare with a, when each termination is pronounced alike, a long; precede, recede, 
 secede, &c. with the termination ede, and exceed, proceed, and succeed, w'ith ecd, &c. &c. in 
 all of which hy has the same "inconsistencies " and '-preposterous anomalies" which are 
 in ot/ier dictionaries. 
 
 X will now attempt to show wherein Mr. Webster's "American Dictionary-" is particu- 
 larly objectionable as a " Standard of Orthographv." 
 
 It is presumed that eveiy person will readily admit, that a diclionar}' should, if intended 
 to be a " standard of orthography," possess the following qualities in an eminent degree. 
 1. " Certain rules should be adopted and pursued tlirough the several classes of v/ords, and 
 their orthography should be reduced to uniformity." — 2. No innovation in orthography should 
 be made, unless by the introduction of that innovation an "anomaly" is corrected and uni- 
 formity produced. — 3. The orthography of the primitive and derivative words should be 
 uniform and consistent. — 4. The sa^vie words should not be difTcrcntly spelled, either in the 
 text, or in the definitions of other words; and want of decision in this particular alone, 
 should be a paramount objection to the adoption of any dictionary as a " Standard of 
 
 ORTHOGRAPilY ! " 
 
 I have already shown, it is believed, tliat in tlie first, second, and third particulars, above 
 nlluded to, Mr. Webster ho.s not, except in a very few instances, produced uniformity, cither 
 in the " certain rules which he has adopted and pursued through the several classes of 
 words," or in the " innovations " which he has made ; and, that he ha.s. in the orthography of 
 primitive and derivative words, mor^ contradictions than Johnson, Walker, Jones, Todd, or 
 Jameson ! yet Mr. Webster has stated that " No two English writers agree on tlie subject of 
 orthography; and what is worse, no lexicographer is connstcnt with hiriiselfl " when he. 
 has more " inconsistencies^^ than all of them! ! ! But the fourth, and most important and 
 prominent particular, which should be manifested on the part of the lexicographer who, 
 writes a dictionary, designed as a " standard of orthography," is decision in giving the 
 orthography of each word ; and I will now endeavour to show that Mr. Webster has exhib-. 
 ited a greater iDont of decision in this important point than any of his predecessors. First, 
 — he has spelled many words in two different ways witliout having given a preference, each 
 of whtch-he has defined precisely or nearly alike, and these words have been spelled but. 
 one \va.y in his foro'er dictionaries, and in the dictionaries of Johnson, Walker, &c.; 
 Secondly — he has in using the words thus diflcreiuly spi-Ucd in his text, in defining other, 
 words, spelled tliem sometimes with one orthography, and sometimes with the otlicr: 
 Thirdly — he has frequently spelled a word two ways, and has given a preference ; but he 
 has as often, in his definitions, used the orthography which he has vut pn;ferrcd as tJiat 
 which he has preferred : Fourthly — he has, in many instances, changed the orthography of 
 a M'ord, a'.id inserted the former ortho<:^raph}'', and ha.s referred the reader to tlie ncio spel- 
 ling; but he has changed the orthograpliy of other words without having given tlie former 
 orthography, or any reference to it: Fifthly — he has many words that are spelled two 
 different ways in h's text, wliich he has coupled, sometimes even without reference to their 
 alphabetical arrnngrmfnt.s, sotb.pi the reader can see thr diflorent spelling of the taint word,
 
 14 WEBSTER'S aUARTO DICTIONARY. 
 
 at OTice, which is a great convenience ; but he has other words differently spelled which are 
 not thus coupled, which is a great inconvenience : Sixthly — he has, in his text, coupled 
 tnany words which he has spelled in two different ways, with one first in its alphabetical 
 arrangement, and in another place the other word first, agreeably to the alphabetical arrange- 
 ment of that woi-d, in this manner, alternately giving each word thus coupled, a preference 
 by placing it first ! 
 
 First: he has spelled many words in two different ways, without having given a prefer- 
 ence, each of which he has defined jp'cciscly or nearly alike, and these words have been 
 spelled but one way in his former dictionaries, and in the dictionaries of Johnson, Walker, 
 &c., as above stated. He has enlistment, the act of enlisting, and inlistment, the act of in- 
 listing, but in reinlistment he has given i the preference ! He has encase and incase, to in- 
 close in a case ! He has embolden and imljolden, to encov^ragc ! He has empcople and im- 
 people, to form into a community ! He has embody and imbody, re-embody and re-imbody, 
 with e and i both, but unembodied with c only ! He has apostrophe and apostrophy, witli' e 
 and y both ! He has greyhound and grayhound, a tall fleet dog, used in (kept for) tho 
 chase I He has encirclet and incirclet, with e and i ! He has entwine and intwine, to 
 twine, &c. ! He has entwist and intwist, to twist, &c. ! He has embower and imbower I 
 He has embow and imbow, to arch, to vault ! He has encrust and incrust, to cover with a 
 ci'ust! He has cyclopedia and cyclopede, with ia and e ; and again, he has encyclopedia 
 and encyclopedy, with ia and ij ! He has encumber, encumbered, encumbrance, and incum- 
 ber, incumbered, incumbrance ; bxit disencumber, disencvimbered, disencumbrance, with e 
 only; and incumbered and unincumbered, witli e and i both ! He has enforce, enforcement, 
 with c only, but re-enforce, re-enforcement, re-inforce, re-inforcement, with c and i both ! 
 He has given the three words which end in ecd, three different ways ; thus, proceed and 
 procede, with eed and ede, and ecd placed first as the preferable spelling ; succede and suc- 
 ceed, with ede and eed, and edc placed first; exceed one way, with eed^onXy ! ! Again; he 
 has spelled all the derivatives and compoiuids of these three words, and in their definitions, 
 eed ! He has catastrophe and catastrophy ; epitome and epitomy ; syncope and syncopy : 
 svnecdoche and synecdochy, with e and y both ! He has sheadi and sheathe (verb) witli 
 final e and without ! &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Secondly : he has, in using the words thus differently spelled in his text, in defining otlier 
 words, spelled them sometimes with one orthography, and sometimes with the other; thus, 
 he has, in defining reinlist and reinlistment, siDelled inlist with i, but in defining beat, engage, 
 and enter, he has spelled it enlist, with e ! He has, in defining impanate and incorporate, 
 spelled embody with c, but in defining reimbody, he has spelled imbody with i ! He has, in 
 defining apostrophe and its derivatives, spelled apostrophe with e Uiree times, and apostro- 
 phy with y three times ! Again ; in his explanation of " case" in his grammar, prefixed to 
 the American Dictionary, he has spelled apostrophy with y twice ! He has, in defining 
 breathe and leash, spelled greyhoimd with c, but in defining course and stablestand, he has 
 spelled it grayhound, with al He has, in defining clog and load, spelled encumber with c, 
 but in defining burden, he has spelled incumber with i I He has, in defining clog and load, 
 spelled encumbrance with e, but in defining clear and clogging, he has spelled incumbrance 
 with i ! &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Thirdly : he has frequently spelled a word two ways, and has given a preference ; but he 
 has as often used the orthography in his definitions, which he has not preferred in his text, 
 as tliat which he has preferred ! Thus, he has spelled feather and fetlier witli a and witliout 
 ?t, and has given fetlier, without «, the preference, as " the most correct orthography;" and, 
 in defining feather and its derivatives, he has spelled fethcr without a twenty-six times ; in 
 defining plume and its derivatives, seventeen times ; in defining fledge, seven times ; and in 
 defining fowl, goose, hawk, pillow, last, quill, tick, and unfledged, he has also spelled fether 
 without a ; but in defining bipcnnatc, bird, avoset, bed, ])olster, crest, crane, and crow, he 
 has spelled feather with a.! He has spelled leather and letlier with a and without it, and has 
 Given lether, without a, the preference, as " the most correct ortliography ;" and in de- 
 eming leatlier and its derivatives, he has spelled lether without a nine times ; and, in de- 
 fining last, leash, moccason, pocket-book, shoe, and thong, he has also spelled lether Avithout 
 a; but in defining air-jacket, alutation, awl, api'on, ball, bind, bandoleers, buckskin, cord- 
 wainer, coriaceous, and cushion, he has spelled leather with a I He has, in defining leather 
 and quail-pipe, spelled lethern without a ; but in defining bandoleers and hose, he has 
 leathern with a ! He has spelled villainy and villany with i in the second syllable, and 
 without it, and has given villany, without i, the preference; and, in defining villain and its 
 derivatives, and archvillany, he has spelled it villany, without i, six times ; but in definirig 
 rnormity, flngitiousness, exceed, outrageous, and outvillain, he has spelled villainy with i ! 
 He has spelled steadfast, steadfastness, steady, and stedfast, stedfiistness, and stcddy, with a 
 and without it, and has, in defining steady, steadfast, ond their derivatives, spelled stedfast 
 without a four times, stedfastncss without a twice, stcddy without a nine times, and steddi- 
 ncss without a six times, and stedfastncss without «, m defining immovability, stedfast 
 without n, in defining immovable; but in defining firm, stable, and resolute, he has spelled 
 steady with a; in defining firmness and fixedness, he hat; steadfastness with o, ; and 
 in defining fixation, rosolutionj stability, and atablcncss, lie has also spelled steadiness
 
 WEBSTER'S atJARTO DICTIONARY. 15 
 
 wiilia! He has tpcUcd sovereign and suvcran, and has given suveron tlie preference, 
 us "the txuc spelliiig;" and in defining suveran and its derivatives, he has spelled 
 Kuveran with u seven times, and suveranty once ; but in defining sovei'eign and its aeriva- 
 tives, he has spelled sovereign witli o, and in defining empress he has sovereignty with o! 
 He has spelled nuisance and nusance witli i and witliout it, and in defining nuisance he hzia 
 spelled nusance witliout i ; but in defining abate and its derivatives, he has spelled nuisonco 
 witli i tliree times ! &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Foiurthly : he has, in many instances, changed the orthogmphy of a word, and Inserted the 
 former orthography, and has referred the reader to the new spelling; but he has changed the 
 orthography of other words without having given the former orthography, or any reference 
 to it. Thus, he has " bridegroom [see bridegoom,]' which is ilie 7iew spelling; he has 
 "cloak [see cloke,]" which is the netv spelling; " ensure [see insure;]" he has " endorse 
 [see indorse;]" he has " cruise [see erase ;]"' " chemist [see cuimist,]" &c. &c. &c. ; but he 
 has changed the orthography of the words mosk, ribin, cudas, skain, sherif, tarif, giinblet, 
 porpess, &c. &c., without having given tlie former ortliography, wliich is mosque, riband, 
 cutlass, skein, sheriff, tariff, gimlet, poi^joisc, &c., or any reference to it in his text! 
 
 Fifthly : he has many words spelled two different ways in his text, wliich he has coupkd, 
 sometimes even without reference to their alphabetical ai-rangement, so tliat the reader can 
 see the different spelling of the savie word at once ; but he has otlier words differently 
 spelled, which are not tlius coupled, which is a great inconvenience. Thus, he has, in the 
 text, coupled crier and crycr, croop and croup, boose and bouse, tongue and tung, featlicr and 
 fether, leather and letlier, villain and villan, sluice and sluse, crout aiid krout, polype and pol- 
 ypus, nuisance and nusance, steady and stcddy, &c. &c. ; but he has not coupled boosy and 
 bousy, chemist and chimist, cheniistiy and chiniistry, bridegroom and bridegoom, sovereign 
 and suveran, gipsey and gypsey, &c. &c. 
 
 Sixthly : • he has, in his text, coupled many words which he has spelled two different 
 ways widi one first in its alphabetical arrangement, and in another place tlie other word 
 fii-st, agreeably to tlie alphabetical arrangement of tkat word, in tliis manner alternately 
 giving each word, tlius coupled, a preference, by placing it first '. Thus, he has croop and 
 croup, croujj and croop ; boose and bouse, bouse and boose, &c. &c. 
 
 In addition to tlie preceding, Mr. Wel^stcr has spelled many words in three different 
 ways, which have heretofore been spelled in one way only. Thus, he has height, highth, 
 hight ; raindeer, ranedeer, reindeer ; paroquet, paroket, perroquet, &c. &c. Aluiough Mr, 
 Webster has spelled so many v/ords differently, yet he has observed imder the word cion, that 
 " different modes of spelling the same word are very inconvenient." Still he has five times 
 asnixxchvariable and contradictory spelling as all oilier lexicographers ! ! 
 
 Thus, I have, in six prominent particulars, endeavoured to show wherein Mr. Webster's 
 dictionary is objectionable as a " Standard of orthography." In doing this, I have merely 
 giv^n a few general examples of each class, and have lett it with the critical reader to ex- 
 amine more particularly as inclination and leisure shall dictate. 
 
 I will now take notice of some of the discrepances in the ortliography of tlie words in the 
 text amd definitions of Mr. Webster's Dictionaiy. I have already taken notice of some of the 
 discrepances in the orthogi^aphy of Mr. Webster's definitions and text; but those were words 
 which are differently spelled iutlic text, with or without preference being given. The dis- 
 crepances of which I shall now take notice arc those in which the words are spelled, in the 
 definitions, differendy from the text of die American Dictionary. Many of these words are 
 spelled, in the definitions, agi-eeably to the text of Johnson, Walker, Jcuneson, &c. ; olliera 
 agi-eeably to neither; and many of diem are spelled agreeably to Webster's Spelling-Book^ 
 conti'aiy to liis dictumary and tliose of Johnson, Walker, ice. It is, unquestionably, of tlie 
 greatest importance that the orthography of the words used in the definitions of a dictionary, 
 should a^ec with that of the text, as tliose who use the dictionary will have tliis erroneous 
 orthography continually before them, if disagi-eeing witli the text, until they become familiar 
 with It, and will often make use of this incorrect ortliography in spelling. 
 
 That Mr. Webster liiniself considers it important that Uierc should be an agreement in tlie 
 ortliography of the dcfiiiitions and text, appears evident from the fact that he has, at the close 
 of tlic American Dictionai-y, in his " Corrections" inserted a note in which he has shown 
 that Jolmson \;ro\.(i despatch \i'w\\ i, instead of e, in his definitions, contrary to his tejct-^ 
 This note it seems should have been inserted in the introduction where he lias spoken of dis- 
 patch ; and, it is tlius, in his " Corrections," introduced. " Under dispatch, in tJie introduc- 
 tion, add; Dr. Johnson himself wrote dispatch. The word thus written occurs twice m his 
 dictionary under send, and five times under speed, and this orthography has been continued 
 to the present time. It has been transcribed into all the dictionaries made from Johnson's, 
 at least into all which I have examined, even down to Chalmers mid Jameson." Yi-t Mr. 
 Webster '' hiviself" not only spelled the word despatch with e in tlic text of his Uro former 
 dictionaries, [seepage I'ii] precisely as Johnson and Walker have spelled it, but he actually 
 had the \yora dispatch ^\ih i under the 5flw<: wuids send ai\d speed, coutsaxy to his own, 
 text, in his dictionary published in 1806. and also under the words expedience, cipeditc, and 
 expeditiously in the same dictionary ! lie likewise spelled dispatch witli i. contrary to his 
 text, under tJic word send, in his dictioUkiry published ui 18171
 
 16 WEBSTER'S aUARTO DICTIONARY. 
 
 ^ In this the American Dictionary, Mr. "Webster has, under the word betrust and its deriv- 
 atives, spelled entrust with e, instead of i, contrary to his text, six times, and cmce 
 in his preface ! Thus, we have the following singular coincidence : Johnson made use of 
 i instead of e in despatch, contrary to his text, '• twice under se7id, and Jive times under speed ;" 
 and Mr. Webster has made use of e instead of i in intrttst, contrary to his text, six times 
 under betrust, and once in his preface — two and five are seven — six and one are seven !! 
 
 Perhaps there never was among the acts of any author, a more illiberal and ungenerous 
 act than that of Mr. Webster's inserting the preceding note in his Dictionary, relative to Dr. 
 Johnson and the word d4:spatch, when he had ki?nself covied tlie blunder into his former 
 dictionaries, under the sa7Ke words ! ! 
 
 From the preceding note, it is evident that Mr. Webster does consider it of importance, 
 that the orthography of the definitions and text should be alike, and I will, therefore, show 
 that Mr. Webster is far from uniformity and consistency, in this important particular. 
 
 Many of these words are spelled in the definitions of the American dictionary as they have 
 been for many years in Webster's spelling-book, contrary to the text of aZZ Webster's dic- 
 tionaries; and, also contrary to the text of Johnson, Walker, &c. 
 
 He has achievment, contrary to his text (achievement) eighteen times under tlie following 
 words; fabulous, gest, glorious, hatchment, heroic, labor, m.erit, might, obelisk, panegyric, 
 ■perform, portray, pride, productive, twice under renovv^n, rich and scald : He has cholic, con- 
 trary to his text (colic) under bias : He has cobler, contrary to his text (cobbler) five times 
 under the words botcher, last, ride, and souter: He liAs holiday, contrary to his text (holy- 
 day, eight times under the words calends, even, fair, ferial, three times under feriation, and 
 highday : He has briar, contrary to his text (brier) under rose: He has faggot, contraiy to 
 his text (fagot)/i;e times under tlie words bavin, dunnage, and kid : He has bason, contrary 
 to his text (basin) eight times under the words font, goldfish, muller, pelvis, pool, ro'cksak, 
 Veservoir, and rim : He has cyder, contraiy to his text (cider) J/J^re times under the words bot- 
 tle, brandy, brisk, distill, and perkin : He has chesnut, contrary to his text (chestnut) tc7i 
 limes under the words bay, beaver, beech, bur, earthnut, fieldfare, mastful, mate, and tannin: 
 He has cyderkin, contrary to his text (ciderkin) under perkin and purre: He has cypher, 
 conti-ary "to hi^ text (cipher) six times under tlie words binary, cryptography, fraction, key, 
 hionogram, and round: He has sherift'. contrary to his text (sherif ) ffty-ihree times under 
 the words accountable, advance, admeasurement, approver^ array, breve, calendar, candi- 
 date, cheriflr, commit, conservator, constitute, coroner, county, custody, deputation, depute and 
 its derivatives, discharge, distringas, elisor, empannel, escape, esquire, execution, exigent, 
 extend, extent, fee, fierifuoias, imprisonment, informing, inquest, iail, lawday, landgrave, liv- 
 eryman, mainprize, marshal, nisiprius, outlaw, outrider, oyes, office, palsgrave, panel, peace- 
 bfi^cer, and pipe : He has mizen, contrary to his text (mizzen) eighteen times uncfer tlie 
 words adniirtiJ, aftersails, bagpipe, Ijark, brail, bumkin, courses, dogger, driver, flag, friga- 
 toon, gaiT, galiot, crossjack, howker, ketch, and ship: He has plaintiff, contrary to his text 
 (plaintif) ffty-six times under the words account, appellor, avoid, bail, blank, bar, capias, 
 champerty, cognizance, cognizee, cognizor, competent, complainant, compurgation, cost, 
 counsel, vTossbill, crossexamine, day, decide, declare, declaration, default, defense, delay, 
 demand, ucmandant, demur, elegit, enjoin, discontinuance, find, imparlance, injunction, lie, 
 make, merge, nonability, nonproficient, nonsuit, object, objection, and party: He has embit- 
 ter, contrary to his text (imbitter) fourtee^i times under the words disquietude, edge, em- 
 poison, envenom, exasperate, and impoison : He has hindrance, contrary to his text (hiri- 
 derance) :-even times under the words arrest, bar, check, counteraction, cross, forbidding, 
 and passport: He has licence, contrary to his text (license) seven times under the words cu- 
 rate, efTrenation, fly, imparl, imparlance, liniiter, and scurrilous: He has abridgement, con- 
 traiT to his text (abridgment) under the word cote : He has spelled paroquet, paroket, and 
 perrbquet, three different ways in his text; and, imderthe word anaca, he has spelled itpar- 
 (Akeet, and under lory he has spelled it parroquet,fto^A contrary to all three of the words in his text ! 
 He has diarrhsea and diarrhoea, both contrary to his text(diarrhea)under the words lax, looseness, 
 cbelittc and colliquative ! He has carcase, contrary to his text (carcass)under the words anhima, 
 corps, mortar, and quarter : He has liquorice, contraiy to his text (licorice) under astragal and 
 ginseng : He has asafcetida, and assafetida, both contrary to his text (asafetida) under bag and 
 gumresin ! He has ribband and ribbon, both contrary to his text(ribin)under flare and pendent ! 
 He has sirrup and syrup, both contrary to his text (sirup) under the words capillaire, consist- 
 ency, eclegm, hippocras, arvd lohock : He has cameleon and chamelion, both contraiy to his 
 text (chameleon) under knaciV vend lizard ! He has etherial, contraiy to his text (ethereal)7?t?e 
   rimes under the words heaven, quintessence, skim, same and region : He has sallad, conti-a- 
 ry to his text (salad) under the words beetradish and lenten : He has serjeant, contrary to 
 his text (sergeant) under the words advocate, attorney, counsel, lawyer, emd petit : He has 
 merchandize, ccmtraiy to his text (merchandise) c^,g"/^iee?^ times under the words article, book- 
 keeping, broker, buckram, cargo, chaffer, cocket, commodity, curator, custom, emporium, ex- 
 port, exporter, goods, gross, giiard, innocency. and kidder: He has entioist, contrary to his 
 text (intrust) Jlfty-one times under the words account, address, adjourn, administration, agen- 
 cy, unswer, ban.beliight. cash-keeper, charge, commend, commission, commit, commitment, 
 confide, concrcdit. confident, confider, counsel, defaulter, delegate, demand, depo^jite, eleemosy-
 
 WEBSTER'S aUARTO DICTIONARY. 17 
 
 ry, embezzle, employ, financier, guardian, intimate, lovctale, office, paymaster, peculate, 
 peculation, peculator, pi-ivy-seal, regency, responsible, and sequestration ; He has woe, 
 contrary to his text (^v'o) ten times under the words deliver, epoch, eternize, feel, join, 
 mor.kery, mortal, pineful, pomp, and respond: Ho has ensnare, contrary to his text 
 (insnare) t/ioenty-six times under tlie words bsnet, captious, captive, catcli, deceit, deceive, 
 and their derivatives, entoil, entrap, gudgeon, hamnsr, hook, illaqueate, luck, mesh, noose, 
 pit, and take: He has caravansera, contrary to his text (caravansary^ under ammonia : 
 He has enterprize, contrary to his text (entei'prise) eii^kt times under tlie words abandon, 
 adventure and its derivatives, advisedly, chevisance, expedition, and over: He has tran- 
 quility, contrary to his text (tranquillity) iicclvc tini;;s under the words composedness, agi- 
 tation, composure, disquiet and its derivatives, halcyon, and under quiet and its derivatives : 
 He has decypher, contrary to his text (decipher) under the words blazon -.d and cipher: He 
 has phrenzv, contrary to his text (phrensy) under phrenltis : He has bishoprlck, contrary to 
 his text (bishopric) under erection: He has hammock, contrary to his text (hammoc) under 
 netting: He has courtezan, contrai-y to his text (courtesan) undrr penitent: He has hlghth- 
 en and hlghten, both contrary to his text (heighten) under the v/ord Irritate, twice under 
 enhance, and twice under exaggerate! He has plough, contrary to his text (plow) under 
 new: He has faulchlon, contrary to his text (falchion) under bite and saber: He has 
 intreat, contrary to his text (entreat) under the Avords appetence, deprecate, and obsecrate : 
 He has Vermillion, contrary to his text (vermilion) under the v/ords miniate and minious: 
 He has chuse, coiUrary to his text (choose) twice under ari)itration : He has guaranteed, 
 contrary to his text (guarantied) under peace: He has cauldron, contrary to his text (cal- 
 dron) under enchant and flaw : He has waggon, contrary to his text (v/agon) under caisson 
 and matross : He has woodchuck, contrary to his text (woodchuk) under marmot: He has 
 hazle, contrary to his text (hazel) under catkin, cobnut, julus, nut, and rod: He has 
 enquire, contrary to his text (Inquire) under beseech, character, consulting, consulted, and 
 nose: He has also enquliy, contrary to his text (Inquiry) under arrive, examen, consult, 
 and curious : He has maize, contrary to his text (malz) under articulation, breadcorn, cop, 
 and broomcorn : He has reverie, contrary to his text (revciy ) once under dump, and three 
 times under dlsentrance: He has intreaty, contrary to his text (entreaty) under depreca- 
 tion, flexible, and obsecration: He has glUiflower, contraiy to his text (gillyflower) under 
 carnation, caryphylloid, lay. and damcwort : He has spinnet, contrary to his text (spinet) 
 twice under manlchord : He has splggot, contrary to his text (spigot) under faucet : He 
 has crumb, contrary to his text (crum) under particle: He has neighbour, contraiy to his 
 text (neighbor) under recess : He has flageolet, contrary to his text (flagclet) under recor- 
 der: He has tambour, contrary to his text (tambor) under morrlce: He has pennylcss, 
 contrary to his text (penniless) under less: He has vertebrae, contrary to his text (verteber) 
 under loin and neck : He has glrroc, contrary to his text (girrock) under lacertus : He 
 has critick, contrary to his text (critic) under pevsuade : He has antlck, contrary to 
 his text (antic) under mummer: He has fibre, contraiy to his text (fiber) under 
 fibrollte and peristaltic : He has avolrdupoise, coiitrary to his text (avoirdupois) 
 imder bahar and decagram: He has centlnel, contrary to his text (sentinel) under 
 garret : He has pontlflu contrary to his text ([Hiutif ) under aslarch, lama, and papal : He 
 has raccoon, contrary to his text (racoon) under coatl : He has burthen, contraiy to his 
 text (burden) setT7^ times under barge, bus.s, cat, coaster, condition, and tunnage: He has 
 balluster, contrary to his text (baluster) under nave, and tv.'icc under rail: He has bajkis- 
 trade, contrary to his text (balustrade) under rail and sanctHaiy : He has Jiavoc, contrary to 
 his text (havock) under fray : He has engraft, conU'ary to his text (Ingraft.) /re times under 
 applegraft, clcftgraft, receive, and Imp: He has pretence, contrary to his text (itrctcnse) 
 luider belle, government, hypocrisy, and maroon: He has preterite, conti-ary to his text 
 (preterit) under arose, ate, and conge: He has benefitted, contraiy to his text (benefited) 
 under advantaged : He has analyse, contrary to his text (analyze) under hcdenbergltc and 
 reviewed: He has anglicise, contrary to his text (anglicize) under bivouac and reveille: 
 He has gamut, contrary to his text (garnmut) under scale and the letter F: He has enwrap, 
 contrary to his text (inwrap) six times under clrcumplicatlon, Intrigue, infold. rolJ, and 
 whipped: He has sadler, contrary to his text (saddler) under the vrords artificer and awh 
 He has partlzan, contrary to his text (partisan) /r/«r times under contention and Jacobite! 
 He has clmitar, contraiy to his text (cimlter) under saber: He has pedlar, contrary to his 
 text (pedler) four times under hawker, piepoudre and huckster: He has gyT^^ey. contrary 
 to his text (glpsey) four times under bind, cymbal, deity, and dent; He has halbert, con- 
 trary to his text (halberd) /^m; times under "fieldstaft', glair, and sergeant: He lias ton, 
 contrary to his text (run) /7;e times under caravel, freight, and prisagc: He has sulkey, 
 contrary to his text (sulky) under carriage: He has casque, contraiy to his text (cask) 
 under harness and armor : He has batoon and baton in the text, but under the wpfd scarp 
 he has battoon, contrary to both of them! He has supcrintcndancc, contrary iO his text 
 (superintendence) under chancellor, consignee, and seneschal : He has lafTetVi contrary to 
 his text (taff'eta) under aridas and fair: He has embosom, controrj^ to his t«it 
 (imbosom) under imposing and isle: He has empannel, contrary to his. text (mipannel) 
 three times under petit and jury : He has lipl«r, contrary to hie text (tipfiier) under dnnker
 
 is WEBSTER'S aUARTO DICTIONARY. 
 
 and drinkinghousc : He has also lipliug, contrary to iils text (tippling) iiiider alehouse; 
 He has tatling, contrary to his text (tatuing) under tutile and garrulity : He haa also taller, 
 
 his text (slily) under closely, pc3}>, and subtly : He has clue, contrary to his text (clew) 
 under goosewing: He has dep^indant, contrary to his text (dependent) /Wr limes under 
 hangeron, retainer, and satellite : He has headachcj contrary, to his text (headach) jive 
 limes under complain, for, and cephalic : He has saviour,contrdry to lus text (savior) under 
 scene: He has fulness, contrary to his text (fidlncss) under blissfulness, branchiness, 
 buffel, and complement: Ho ha's duiness, contrary to his text (dullness) under amblycpy 
 and constitutional : He has respite, contrary to his text (respit) under act arid breath : He 
 has unskilful, contrary to his text (unskillful) under artless and bad : He has unc-kiljfuUy, 
 contrary to his text (unskillfully)y/ye times under badly, botcii, botched, ignorant, and igno- 
 'remll^ ! He has musrol, under bit, and mussroll under martingal, both contrary to his 
 text (^musrole) ! He has parsnip, contrary to his text (parsuep) under caraway : He has 
 fui-ze, contrary to his text (furz) under crake and kid: He has fulfil, contrary to his text 
 (fulfill) eZcfe?i times — once under each of the words accomplish, complete, compliment, 
 defaulting, effectuate, engagement, and four times under comply ! He has traveller, contrary 
 to his text (traveler) under caravan : He has worshipping, contrary to his text (worship- 
 ing) under fornication : He has worshipper, contrary to his text (v/orshiper) under gen- 
 tile: He has whiskey, contrary to his text (whisky) 'under spirit: He has willfulness,^ 
 contrary to his text (willfulness) imderflinn: He has skilfulness, contrary to his text 
 (skillfulness) under featness : He has worshipped, contrary to his text (worshiped) fiv& 
 times under abracadabra, achor, adored, feticism, and profess : He has wilfully, contrary 
 to his text (willfully) under contumacious and prevaricate : He has duellist, conu-ary to his 
 text (duelist) under bravt-ry and conibatant: He has revelling, contrary to his text (revel- 
 ing) jour times — once under carouse, and three tinies under bacchanalian 1 He has dialling, 
 contrary to his text (dialing) /(;'?:;■ times — once under each of the words declinator and horo- 
 loge, and twice under gnomonics ! Ho has Avilful, contrary to his text (walllul) three times 
 under barratry, contumacy, and guilt: He lias thresh, contrary to his text (tin-ash) four 
 times under beat, grant, pile, and stover: He has travelling, contrary to his^text (traveling) 
 nx times under cnxulatoricus, coach, fancy, far, forge, gest: Ho has fulfilment, contrary- 
 He has 
 
 once under each of the words adroit, adroitly, agriculturist, artist, connoisseur, cope, aancer, 
 deftly, distance, exercised, e.\pcrienced, er.pert, e.^pertly, express, feat, fierceness, find, man- 
 ager, please, and twice under each of the words clever,' con, cunning, and dextrous! &;c. &c. 
 When I commenced die exposition of the discrepances in the orihography of the defini- 
 tions and text in the American Dictionary, I intended to sho^vi- all which i had discovered; 
 but they are so numerous that the limits of this review will not permit mo to pursue the ex- 
 
 •orthography of the definitions and text. The candid reader can readily judge whether it is 
 justifiable on the part of Mr. Webster to censure or ccndcfan Johnson s "discrepances in his 
 definitions and text, when he has more than hvelve hundred in his own dictionary, some of 
 which are evidenUy copied from Johnson's dictionary, for they appear under the Hivie words 
 in both dictionaries ! [See pages 13, 15, IG, and 17.] I'laving thus pointed out some of tlie most 
 prominent dejects, inconsistencies, and contradictions in the American Dictionaiy, which 
 are mu^di more numerous than in any other dictionary, I will now show, that tlie " innova- 
 tions and anomalies" introduced by Mr. Webster in his several books, have done viorc to in- 
 troduce irregularity in orthography, than all of the other works published in this country and 
 in England within fifty years, even if we take his American Dictionary for the " Standard." 
 I will a\so show that nearly all of the errours in spelling which now appear on almost every 
 page of the best written books and periodical publications, and in nearly cvei^,'- column of 
 our newspapers, have been introduced and kept in use through tlie medium of his Spelling- 
 Book and former dictionaries, tlie orthography of which is now rejected by him in his 
 American Dictionary ! 
 
 First: he spelled a great many words in the s]-)elling lessons of his Spelling-Book, con- 
 trary to the text of all his dictioiiaries, ixx\d that of Johnson and Walker; and, this contra- 
 dictory orthography has been continued in his SpcUing-Book and dictionary more than 
 twenty /ears ! ! 
 
 Thus, «ncle, achievment, boult, bass, (a long,) biggen, chace, calimanco, chalibeate, 
 cViolic, clencli, cobler. doat, epaulette, enthral, ctherial, faggot, frolic, fellon, grey, goslin, 
 hindrance, haVoc, impale, jocky, laste, laquey, negociate, noggen, phrenzy, paroxism, 
 rince, sadler, salUd, staunch, streight, scignor, shoar, tatler, ihresl^ &.c. &c., instead of ankle, 
 achjcvemeni, bolt^ \>as;e, biir^in. chase, calamanco, chalybeate, colic, clinch, cobbler, dote,
 
 WEBSTER'S aUARTO DICTIONARY. 19 
 
 epadet, uiihral, ctlioreal, fagot, frolick, fjlon. gray, gosling, hinderance, halloo, empale, 
 
 jockey, last, lac'.coy, n^gotiat^ noggin, plir^a^y, paroxysm, rinse, saddkr, salad, stanch, 
 
 straii^h*;, ssignior, shore, tattler, thrash, &c. &c. 
 
 Th3 first and incorrect spelling of th::30 v/ord:3 above noted, will not only be found in our 
 
 , . ..... ^^ 
 
 Mr. Webster's Spelling-Book ! and ev^n ?v'Ii-. WebsLor " /a'.vi.W/*" ha.s spelled nearly all of 
 these word? in this erroneous manner in th: dafinilions of ihe American Dictionary ! ! [See 
 pages 16, 17, and 18, of this Review.] 
 
 Secondly: he has spelled many words in his dictionary published in ISOfi, contrary to his 
 SpsUing-Book, and also contrary to his dictionary published in 1817: thus, abridgment, 
 bueeane^r, callico, doctrin. determin, cnlerprise, examin, havock, niediein, opposit, perquisit, 
 reqaisit, &.c. &c. 
 
 Thirdly: he has .s-pelled many words in lu-s <aclion:ivy ;;-.(!jlish;:d in 1817, contrary to hif 
 Spelling-Book, and also contrary to his dictionary published in 180G: thus, aidecamp, bucair 
 neer, enrollment, pnumaiics, sepulchre, tennon, woolen, &c. &c. 
 
 Fourdaly: in his dictionary published in 1817. he changed the orthography of many 
 words, which, in the dicLionaiy of 1805, vrcre contraiy to his Spelling-Book, and conformed 
 them to the orthography of his S])elling-Book, in accordance with the dictionaries of Jolmson 
 and Walker: thus, apposite, blameable, calico, determine, doctrine, examine, medicine, op- 
 posite, perquisite, requisite, &c. Sec. 
 
 Fifthly : he spelled many words in both his former dictionaries conlrary to his Spelllng- 
 Book, which he has noiv spelled, in the American Dictionaiy, agreeably to his former 
 Speiling-Book, and in accordance with the orthography of Johnson and Walker! thus, 
 apostrophe, avoirdupois, bombasin, catastrophe, miaginc, libertine, mackerel, quadrille, 
 quarantine, radish, &,c. &.c. 
 
 Sixthly : he has now, in the American Dictionaiy, spoiled many words agreeably to John- 
 son and Walker, but which were spelled diflerently from ilicni in both his former diclionaries 
 and Spelling-Book, v/hereby an orthograpliy has for many years been taught tlirough the 
 medium of those books, which he now acknowdedgcs to have been erroneous, by adopting 
 the orthography of Johnson and Walker in these v/ord?: thus, bucanicr, diphthong, guaran- 
 ty, (verb.) merchandise, potato, raillery, triphthong. &c. Ccc. 
 
 Seventhly: he has introduced many "innovations" in the American Dictionar}'-, which 
 he has not " reduced to uniformity," and has, therefore, increased, rather than diminished 
 the " anomalies" in our language. [See pages 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11; see also pages, 47, 4a 
 49. &c.] 
 
 Thus I have endeavoured to examine the American Dictionaiy fairly and candidly, ano 
 to compare it with the dictionaries of Johnson, V/alkcr, Jameson, Todd, and others, and 1 
 reojet the conclusion, that it is more erroneotts, less v.nifnrra and consistent, tlian any one 
 of them, and, if adopted as " A Stand.vrd," must lay the foundation of more numerous con- 
 tradlctions and " a-nomalies" than at prcsr^r.t exist in the language. And here I could wish 
 that I did not feel myself bound to animadvert upon what I deem illiberality on the part of the 
 author of the American Dictionary towards former lexicographers, most of whom are now 
 " beyond the reach, and out of hearing of his complaints," and. therefore, unable to answer 
 him. If the author of tlie American Dictionary, who has enjoyed the advantages of Uieir 
 publications, has more contradictions, inconsistencies, and annnalies, liian tliey Jiave, and 
 more than tv:clve ?i7i.ndred disicrejianoes in Jiis trxt and definitions, surely rlmVity should 
 have induced him to throw a \;]antie over hnlf of that number in tlie earlier works of Jolm- 
 son, Walker, and others. If he can claim to be justified in violating his men rules and 
 principles in the ^reat number of instances shoy.-n in this review, surely other lexicographers 
 may claim commiseration for minor *' »nomoli"s" and less important " contradictions." If 
 the"rcal object of the author of the Anicrican Dictionaiy was " to purify the language from 
 palpable ei-rors, and reduce the nuj^ibcr of its anomalies-, to r^.^cue it from the inischievous 
 mfluence of sciolists, and that dabbling spirit of innovation v/hich is perpetually disturbingita 
 setded usages;" it is difficult to conceive upon v/hat principles he can justify the number of 
 INNOVATIONS, CONTRADICTIONS, and ANOMALIES, v/itli which his work abounds.
 
 REVIEW 
 
 OF 
 
 WEBSTER'S OCTAVO DICTIONARY. 
 
 [The copy, quoted in this Review, bears date 1831.] 
 
 SuBSEaUEXT to the publication of the " Gluarto American Dictionary," Mr. Webster in- 
 formed the publick (through the medium of the New York Evening Post. May 28, 1829,) 
 that an abridgment of this quarto, in an octavo form, would soon be published, which would 
 " comprise all the words in the quarto, with some additions, and with the chief etymologies 
 and full definitions." From this advertisement, v/e might reasonably infer that \\\&orlkog- 
 raphy in the quarto and in tlae octavo, agree in the text if not in the definitions. I have com- 
 pared all \\\& contradictions, incunsisicncies, and anoinalies, v/hich I have pointed out as 
 contained in the quarto, with the octavo abridgment ; and 1 will now show the result of that 
 comparison. This exposition, it is presumed, v/ill'be considered proper and fair; for, al- 
 though it is stated in the prefoce to the octavo abridgment, that " as the author of the origi- 
 nal work has intrusted the superintendence of the Abridgment to another person, he is not to 
 be considered as responsible for any of the modifications already alluded to. The quarto edi- 
 tion will, of course, be considered as presenting his exact views of tlie ])ropc,r arrangement 
 and exhibition of words in respect to their orthography and pronunciation ;" yet it is be- 
 lieved that he (Mr. Webster) is and should be responsible for the correctness or incorrect- 
 ness of the orthography in th? octavo, inasmuch as it is titled with his name, and not Worces- 
 ter's, and is given to ^^\^ publiclc undov his authority only, the nam3 of Mr. Worcester noi 
 appearing on the titlepage, or at the end of the pref.ice. 1 sliall, therefore, consider tlie octa- 
 vo Webster's, and, with this opinion, shall proceed to point out the variations in orthography 
 from the quarto, made in the octavo — that a pEirt of the orthography objected to in the prece- 
 ding I'eview has been changed in the text of the octavo, agreeably to the orthography of 
 Johnson and Walker — that nearly all the contradictions and inconsistencies in the orthog- 
 raphy of the text still rcviain in the octavo; and. 1 will also show in v,'hat maimer and 
 wherein many of the discrepances in the text and definitions of the quarto, " arc corrected" in 
 the octavo, viz. by changing the orthography in the le.ct of the octavo, and making it agree- 
 able to the orthography of Walker ! The other discrepances, with few excej^tions, rc^iain 
 as in the quarto. The incansistencies and contradiciioiis in the orthography of the class 
 of words which end in ck, pointed out on pages 7 and 8, remain the same in the octavo, ex- 
 cept tlie following which ixxe, contradictory : thus, 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 Almanack, Almanac, 
 
 Hemlock, Hcmloc, 
 
 Mattock, , Mattoc, 
 
 Hattock, Hat toe. 
 
 Hillock, Hilloc, 
 
 Almanack-maker. Almanac-maker, 
 
 The following inconsistency in the quarto, pointed out on page 8, is retained in the octa- 
 vo. He has spelled viiinic, when a noun, \vitliout k, and Vv'ith u when a verb; yet, he has 
 made no such distinction in the words frolick and trajjlck, having spelled them with k in 
 both cases. 
 
 The class of words which usually end in re, Mr. Webster spelled in the quarto v/itli cr, as 
 stated on page 9 ; tluis accouter, center, maneuver^ <S:c. and their derivatives ; and these 
 words were thus spelled in the definitions in thecjuavto: but we find these words and their 
 derivatives changed in the octavo agreeable to Walkei, arid also in the definitions, although 
 Mr. Webster has strongly condemned this termination re, h\ the introduction to Uio quarto ! 
 
 Mr. Webster remarks, " in tlic present instance, Avant of unUon-nity is not tlie only evil. 
 
 The present orthography lias introduced an awkward mode of wi\tin<^ the derivatives for 
 example, centred, sceptred; sepulchred.'''' Yet, we find these words and ihoir derivatives spell- 
 ed re in the octavo in ihc text and definitions, agreeably to Wailcrr and Johnson, antrary to 
 the principle above quoted which is contained m ilic quarto ! Thus ihey appear in the two 
 dictionaries : 
 
 Quarto. Octavo 
 
 Accouter, Aoccntre, 
 
 Acf(.ut<'r, 
 Accouterlng, Accoiralng, 
 
 Accoutered, Accoutred, 
 
 Accouterments, Accoutrements, 
 
 Amphitheater, Amphitheatre, 
 
 Amphitheater, 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 Center, Cenp.r. ^ 
 
 L lit. ring, t. i,....i:g, 
 
 Centered, Centred, 
 
 Concenter, Concentre, i 
 
 Concejiter, j 
 
 Concentering, Concentring,
 
 WEKSTER'S OCTAVO DICTIONARY 
 
 m> 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 Concentered, Concentred, 
 
 Fiber, Fibre, t 
 
 Fiber, $ 
 
 Luster, Lustre, 
 
 Luster, 
 
 Maneuver,(?j. cind v.) Manceuvre, {n.) 
 
 Maneuver, 
 Manoeuvre, (v.) 
 Manoeuvrin;^, 
 Maiweuvred, 
 Metre, 
 
 Maneuvering, 
 
 Maneuvered, 
 
 Meter, 
 
 Miter, (n. and v.) 
 
 \ 
 
 Mitered, 
 Niter, 
 
 Ocher, 
 
 Ocherous, 
 Scepter, 
 
 Meter, 
 Mitre, 
 Miter, 
 Mitre, 
 Mitred, 
 Nitre, ) 
 Niter, ) 
 Ochre, > 
 Oclier, ) 
 Ociireous, 
 Sceptre, i 
 Scepter, | 
 
 (n.) 
 
 (V.) 
 
 Quarto. Octavo 
 
 Sceptered, Sceptred, 
 
 Sepulcher, (71, and v.) Sepu 
 
 Sepulcher 
 
 Sepulchcring, 
 
 Se]julciiercd, 
 
 Specter, 
 
 Verteber, 
 
 Omber, ) 
 Ombre, J 
 Peter, > 
 Petre, * 
 Saber, ) 
 Sabre, ^ 
 Saber, (u.) 
 SciUpeter, } 
 Saltpetre, ) 
 Theater, ) 
 Theatre, ) 
 Massacer, ) . » . 
 Massacre, J '^^•'^^■'•'' 
 
 chre, (/I.) 1 
 cher, > 
 
 chre, (v.) ) 
 
 Sepulchre. 
 
 Sepulchring, 
 
 Sepulclired, 
 
 Spectre, } 
 
 Specter, j| 
 
 Vertebre, } 
 
 Verteber, y 
 
 Ombre, ) 
 
 Omber, y 
 
 Petre, 
 
 Peter, 
 
 Sabre, 
 
 Saber, 
 
 Sabre. 
 
 Saltpetre, 
 
 Saltpeter, 
 
 Theatre, 
 
 Theater, 
 
 iVIassacre, 
 
 Massacer, 
 
 Massacre, 
 
 (V- 
 
 n. 
 
 Thus we see that in the octavo the termination re is preferred in alt cases in the class of 
 words above given, except in reconnoiter, reconnoitermg, and reconnoitcred which he has 
 spelled cr, contrary to all of the others in the text of the octavo! ; nnd, that cr is preferred in 
 all cases in the quarto ! and the re is given in all cases in the definiiions in the octavo, but 
 er in the quarto, as center, his/er, &c. centre, lustre, &c. so that tliere arc hundreds of con- 
 tradictions in the orthography of this class of words in the definitions of the quarto and octa- 
 vo ! This class of words forms one of the most prominent distinctions betv/een tlie ortliogra- 
 phy of Mr. Walker and Webster, and it is one for whic h Mr. Webster and tlie friends of the 
 quarto claim as much as for that of any other pretended improvemjcnt in the orthogi aphy of 
 the American Dictionary; and, Mr. Webster \\a.s condevined the orthography of the termi- 
 nation re (both in the quarto and in his dictionary published in ISCG) raore strongly than 
 that of any other class of word-s in which he disagrees with Johnson and Walker ! The 
 co/Uradictions between the quarto and octavo in this class of words alone, (ia the /c.ri and 
 definition^,') amount to more \hd.nall the contradiction',^ contained in the whole of Johnson's 
 Dictionaiy ! 
 
 The class of words which usually end in //", Mr. Webster, in the quarto, spelled generally 
 with single/, in the dissyllables and trisyllables, either in liis text or in the '^ corrections^ 
 at the close of his dictionary ; and, he gave the single f the preference ; but, in the octavo he 
 has spelled these words differently and hixs preferred ihe Jf, both in the text and definitions t 
 Thus, the discrepances in the orthography of the text and definitions in this class of words 
 contained in the quarto, pointed out on page 10, " are corrected in the octavo." The words of 
 
 til 
 manner following, in tlie oo* 
 
 this class are changed in the text agreeably to Walker, consequently these words agree wi 
 
 the definitions in the octavo ! These words are spelled in the 
 tavo and quarto : thus — 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 EniViff (text) Bailiff > 
 
 BailifCcoRRFXTiONs) Bailif 
 
 Caitiff (tex!) 
 Caitif (c.'»r.) 
 
 Danflruff(/erO 
 Dandruf (co:»-.) 
 Mastiff (text) 
 Mastif (^cor.) 
 
 Plaintif 
 
 Pontif 
 
 Archpontiff 
 
 Rcstif(«.) 
 
 Rcstlfness 
 
 Reetif (a.) 
 
 Caitiff 
 Caitif 
 
 Dandruff 
 
 Mastiff) 
 Mast if S 
 Plaintiff) 
 Plaintif J 
 Pontiff) 
 Pont.if } 
 Arrhpontiff 
 Re.stiir(/t.) 
 RestifTuess 
 Rcstiff), X 
 Restif J (^■) 
 
 Quarto. 
 Sherif 
 
 Deputysheriff 
 
 Boundbailiff 
 
 Bnmbailiff 
 
 Undershcrif 
 
 Distaff 
 
 Hippogriff 
 
 Midriff 
 
 Cliff(/o7) 
 
 Clif(a-r.) 
 
 Distafflliistle 
 
 Tarif (n. & v.) 
 Sherifalty 
 
 Octavo. 
 Sheriff) 
 Sherif J 
 Deputysheriff 
 Dcputysherif 
 Boundbailiff 
 Bumbailiff 
 Undovshcrifl 
 Distaff 
 HippoCTiff 
 Midriff 
 
 Cliff 
 
 Distafflhistlo 
 Tariff), . 
 Tarif \ C^) 
 Tariff (r.) 
 Sheriffalty
 
 J9 WEBSTER'S OCTAVO DICTIOiXARY 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 Sherifdom Sherificlom 
 
 Sherifship Sherifiship 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 Sheril'wick Shei'iifwick 
 
 Undersherifry Undersheriffry. 
 
 From an examination of the orthography of the preceding class of u-ords, we shall discov- 
 er that the termination ff is preferred ni every instance in the octavo, both in the text and 
 definitions ; and, that their orthography is contradictor]/ in the quarto, alt.houghsz?(^/<?/is 
 preferred in that dictionary I [See page 10.] 
 
 The contradictory manner in which the words that end with aiice, anse, and cnsc^ in tlie 
 quarto, pointed out on page 19, remains xhesavie in the octavo, except e?i^?"awce. 
 
 In tlie orthography of the words which end with c/i or che, pointed out as contradictory 
 in tlie quarto, on page 10, a number of variations has been made in the octavo; thus, 
 
 QvMTto. Octavo. 
 
 Ache ) Ache ) 
 
 Ake 5 Ake § 
 
 Aching } Aching 
 
 Aking 5 Akmg 
 
 } 
 
 Qnarto. Octavo. 
 
 Unaking Unaching 
 
 Boneache Boneache 
 
 Headach Headache 
 
 Heartach Heartache 
 
 In defining ake, he has toothaZre with k, contrary to his text, tcotlioc/ic, as in tiie quarto 1 
 The contradictions and inconsistencies in the orthography of the class of words which 
 end in I or IL, pointed out on page 11, remain the same ni the octavo in the text ; but, a few 
 corrections have been made in the definitions, under llie words baggage, abetting, accom- 
 plishment, bilk, find-fault, drivel, and abracadabra. Nearly all of tlic other contradictions 
 pointed out on page 12, remain in the octavo, as vizard with z, unvisard with s, &c. 
 
 The innovations and inconsistencies pointed out on page 12, remain in tlie octavo, except 
 the following ; thus — 
 
 Qnarto. Octavo. 
 
 Etherialize ) j^dditions. Etherealize ) 
 Ethenalizcd ) Ethereal ized ) 
 
 AUegeable Alledgeable 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 Allegemexit AUcdgement 
 
 Thunuing Thumbring 
 
 Thumstall Thumbstali 
 
 He has gimJlet with b in the definition of the word bore, in the octavo. 
 
 is a paramount objection to the udcpticn of any dictionary as a "Standard of Ortkog- 
 
 RAPHY." 
 
 The objections pi-eferred against the orthography of the quarto are thus given on page 13: 
 First — he has spelled many words in two dilTcrent ways without having given a prtfeience, 
 each of which he has defined prcci'ccly or nearly alike, and these wordb have been spelled 
 but rt7^e way in his former dictionaries, and in the dictionaries of Johnson, Walker, &c. ; 
 Secondly — he has, in using the words thus differently spelled in his text, in defining other 
 words, spelled them sometimes with one orthograjhy, and scn-etimts with tlie oiher : 
 Thirdly — he has frequently spelled a word two different ways, and has given a preference; 
 but he has as often in his definitions, used the ovthcgrapliy which he hac net preferred as 
 that which he has preferred : Fourthly — he lia;-;, in many instances, changed the orthogra- 
 phy of a woid, and inserted the former orthogvnjjhy, and has referred the reader to tlie iiew 
 spelling; but he lias changed the orthography of other words without having given the 
 former orthography, or any reference to it: Fifthly — he has many words tliat are spelled 
 two different ways in his text, which he has coupled, sometimes even without reference to 
 their alphabetical arrangements, so that the reader can seethe different spelling tf the some 
 word at once; but he has other words differently spelled which are not thus coupled, which 
 is a great inconvenience : Sixthly — he has, in his text, coupled many words which he has 
 spelled in two different ways with one first in its alphabetical arranganont, and in another 
 place the other word first, agreeably to the alphabetical arrangement of that word, in this 
 manner, alternately giving each word, thus coupled, a preference by placing it first! 
 "■ As examples have been given under each of tlie preceding classes on pages 14 and 15, the 
 reader is referred to them on tliose pages. 
 
 All o^ lYit defects pointed out on page 14, contained in tlie quarto, are generally the same 
 in the octavo. The <?e/<?c/5 shown on page 15, contained in the quarto, are generally the 
 *,ame in the octavo. In defining tlie words feather, leather, steady, &c. lie has not used 
 these words without a, as in the quarto ! The same may be said of tlie word sovereign, 
 which is not spelled swt'eraTi in tlie definitions of the octavo, as in ilie quarto ! He has noi 
 coupled the words chemist mndckimist, chemistry and chimistry, &c. in ilie quarto, but has 
 in the octavo, the same with regard to sovereign and suveran! In the quarto he has tpelled 
 chimistry with i in the first syllable, and has given this orthography the preference ; and, 
 he has also a note in the quarto in which he bhow» tiiftt tliis "wcrd snovld be spelled witli i,
 
 ^^EBSTER'S OCTAVO DICTIONARY. 
 
 and he has thus spelled the word chimislry and its d<n-iv a-Svcs fifteen times in the definitions 
 of the same words, but in the octavo he has spelled chemistry and its derivatives with e. 
 and his given the words tlis full definiilons after this orthography ; and, he heus also spelled 
 the wora chemistry and its derivatives withe in the definitions in the octavo, contrary io the 
 quarto in all cases ! Thus the words appear in ths quarto and in tlie octavo : 
 
 Q,uarto. 
 Chimical ;| ^^^^^ 
 
 • defi- 
 nitions. 
 
 Chimically 
 
 Chimist 
 
 Chimistry 
 
 \ 
 
 Chemical 
 
 (see chimical) 
 
 Octavo. 
 
 Chemical ^ 
 Chemically FuU 
 Chemist rMfi^^ 
 Chemistry I nitions. 
 Chimistry J 
 Chimical 
 Chemical 
 
 Quarto. 
 Alchimic 
 Alchimical 
 Alchimically 
 Alchimist 
 Alchimistia 
 Alchimistical 
 Alchimy 
 
 Cluarto. 
 Chemically 
 
 (see chimically) 
 Chemist 
 
 (see chintii.t') 
 Chemisliy 
 
 (see chimistry) 
 
 See CilEMISTHY' 
 
 Octavo. 
 
 Alchemic 
 
 Alchemical 
 
 Alchemically 
 
 Alchemist 
 
 Alchemistic 
 
 Alchemistical 
 
 Alchemy 
 
 Octavo. 
 Chimically ) 
 Chemically ) 
 Chimist ) 
 Chemist ) 
 Chimistry ) 
 Chemistry S 
 
 From an examination of the preceding list, we shall perceive that he has given i the pref- 
 erence both in the text and definitions of the quarto; and, that he has given e the preference 
 in this class of v/ords in the text and definitions of the octavo in all cases I In tlie first 
 edition ofthe octavo, (1829) he spelled alchnny and its derivatives v/ith z, but in this edition, 
 (ISSn he has changed them to e, to agi-ee with cb.emistry ! Was this done by Mr. Webs/.er'a 
 consent! If so, why has he alchnny and its derivatives with i in the duodecimo dictionary, 
 bearing the same date, 1831 1 
 
 He lias spelled plow and its derivatives Avith w in the quarto, but jdovgk and its deriva- 
 tives with ough in the octavo : thus — 
 
 Q^uarto. 
 
 Octavo. 
 
 Plow (n. & V.) 
 
 ?ll^"|"- 
 
 
 Plough (v.) 
 
 Plow-alms 
 
 Plough-alms 
 
 Plow-bote 
 
 Plough-bote 
 
 Plow-boy 
 
 Plough-boy 
 
 Plowed 
 
 Ploughed 
 
 Plower 
 
 Plouglier 
 
 Quarto. 
 Plowing (ppr.) 
 Plowing (n.) 
 Plow-land 
 Plow-man 
 Plow-mnnday 
 Plow-share 
 Unplowed 
 Drillplow 
 
 Octavo. 
 Ploughing (ppT.) 
 Ploughing (71.) 
 Plougli-lanu 
 Plough-man 
 
 Plough-rnondav 
 Plough-share 
 Unploughed 
 Drillpiough 
 
 In this class of words there are the most glanng contradictions tliat can possibly exist in 
 a dictionary; ow is preferred in all cases in ihe text of the quarto, and ough in all cases in 
 the text of the octavo! And yet we are told by Mr. Webster that "one very important 
 object of this scries of books, is to reduce louniforviity, the orthography of a great number 
 of words which are differently written by different authors." In the quarto, ptmo is spelled 
 with 010 in the definitions ; but in the octavo it is sometimes with (nc and sometimes witli cugh; 
 as under plough and its derivatives it is spelled vAih ough , hui undw break it is spelled 
 with 010 ! He has '■ unplowed, not plowed in the quarto, and " unpUmghed, i\oi ptoug/icd^' 
 in the octavo! although under breeik it is uvploued with oiol 
 
 He has, in the quarto, spelled furkno with o^c, and has given tlie following note in sup- 
 port of his we?/; orthography : "the common orthography furlough is corrupt, as the last 
 syllable exhibits false radical consonants. The true ortliogi'aphy is/wWajz?;" and he has 
 spelled li furlow in the definitions in the quarto; but in the octavo he lias spelled it both 
 ways, and has given ough the preference both in llie text and definitions ! Thus — 
 
 Quarto. 
 Furlow {ii.) leave of absence. 
 
 Furlow iy.) to furnish with a furlow. 
 
 Octavo. 
 
 ui oug I / ^^ i^avc of absence. 
 t urlow \ •' 
 
 Furlovf ' ( ^' ^^/'^^'"'^^^ with a furlough. 
 
 In the quarto he has spelled bridegoom without r, in the last syllabic, and has said ofthe 
 fonner orthography, bridegroom, " such a gross corruption or blunder ought not to remain a 
 reproach to philology ;" yet in tlie octavo the word is changed back to the oriliography of 
 Walker and Johnson, cow^rary to the qunrto imd the preceding note, so that bridegoom, 
 without r in the last syllable, docs not appear in the text or dcf nitions ofthe octavo at all t
 
 84 WEBSTER'S OCTAVO DICTIONARY. 
 
 He has, in the quarto, spelled ribin with single b, and in ; but in the octavo he has spell- 
 ed it three ways ! and he has given ribbon the preference, both in the text and in the dejini- 
 iions of the octavo ! Thus, in defining ribin and its derivatives, and in defining the word 
 millinery, he has, in the quarto, spelled it in all cases ribin, but in the octavo ribbon in the 
 saiiu situation ! The words appear in the following manner, in tlie two dictionaries : 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 Ribin (?i.) 
 
 Ribin, {v. to adorn toit/i ribins I) 
 
 Riband, (See Ribbon.) 
 
 Ribbon, ^ 
 
 Ribin, ( 
 
 Ribbon, (v. to adorn with ribbons!) 
 
 Droutli, Drought, 
 
 DrouUi 
 
 In the quarto he has spelled drouth with th as the preferable orthography, and has given 
 tlie following note : " This is usually written drought, after the Belgic dialect; but improp- 
 erly;" but in the octavo drought is placed first as the preferable orthography in tliat dic- 
 tionary ! thus — 
 
 Quarto. Octavo. Quarto. Octavo. 
 
 t, > Drouthiness, Droughtiness, > 
 
 \ Droutiiiness, \ 
 
 Drouthy, Droughty, } 
 
 DroutJiy. ) 
 
 He has in the quarto, spelled Melasses v/ith e in the first syllable; and has said "Mo- 
 lasses, an incoi-rect orthography ofmElasscs ;" but in the octavo he has given molasses the , 
 preference by placing it first in the text, and has not given melasses in its place agreeable to 
 alphabetical arrangement ! 
 
 In the quarto, he has spelled porpcss with ess in the last syllable, and has not given any 
 reference to the former orthography /^w^o?'^^?; but m the octavo he has spelled ii three ways 
 porpoise, porpus, porpess, oise, us, and ess, and has given porpoise the preference by placing 
 it first, ^nd porpess, theorthography of the quarto, last! ! ! And yet he says on page 13 of his 
 pamphlet, recently published; "Porpoise is a mere blunder!" In the quarto, he has spelled 
 nigh'mar without final e, but in the octavo he has spelled it nightmare and nightviar, with 
 e and without it, and has given with e the preference; and, in the quarto, he has also in de- 
 fining incubus spelled nightmar without c, but in the octavo with it! 
 
 He has, in the quarto, spelled hagard, when an adjective and noun with one g, and hag > 
 ardiy with one 5- also, and in defining httgardJy he has hagard. with one o"; but, in the octa- 
 vo, he has spelled Afi^^'ifii/y/, noun and adjective, imd haggardly, with gg ; and, also in defi- 
 n'lDs; hagsardly, he has spelled haggard with i?"^.' 
 
 Ne^arly all the discrepances in the text and definitions of the quarto, pointed out on pages 
 IG, 17 and 18, remain the same in the octavo. PerhciY.s cue hn7idred of ihe eight hundred 
 '■'•are cori-ectcd''' in the octavo, mosdy, however, by changing the orthography in ihttext of 
 tlie octavo, and making it agreeable to the orthography of Walker and Johnson! 
 
 The limits of t.his review v/ill not permit me to pursue the exposition of the contradic- 
 tions in orthography between Webster's quarto and octavo dictionaries. The critical read- 
 er who wishes to know more of the "uniformity" of Mr. Webster's works, can pursue the 
 subject, and examine mm-c. fully imd vAnulcly. I think, however, that enough has been 
 shown, to convince every ivipartial scholar cf the iviprcpriel'y, injustice, and absurdity of 
 his condemnation of all Englith Dictionaries for want of '•uniformity," when there are not 
 in existence two Engihh or Amen can Dictionaries which disagree in orthography as much 
 as Websteis quarto and octavo dictiojiarics disagreed And yet Mr. Webster has stated 
 on pnge 1 of his pamphlet, published during the past yea'-, that "one very important object 
 of this series of books; (quarto, octavo, school dictionary, and Elementary Spelling Book,) is 
 to reduce to uni/orrdily the orthograpjiy of a great number of words which are diJ'ererUly 
 written by dijjereiit authors" ! 
 
 With regard to the justness of these remarks by Mr. Webster, the candid publick must 
 decide, after having read attentively and critically tlie jn-eceding and following pages of tliis 
 tfcviev/.
 
 REVIEW 
 
 o? 
 
 WEBSTER'S DUODECIMO DICTIONARY 
 
 [T,\e copy, quoted in this Eevum hears date 1831.] 
 A FEW months after the publication of tlic ocravO dictionary. Mr. Web>;i» r rjublishcd " A 
 
 Dictionary of the English Language : abrjcI^^J trum the Anicncaa Dicuouary, for iho 
 
 use of Prn-nary Schools and the Counting- House." 
 1 ^ '■ "" '■• ' 
 
 the 
 
 cbs 
 
 as 
 
 My i 
 
 du   
 
 peal 
 
 ed i 
 
 rnak 
 
 spell 
 
 every w...... - ^ . - _ _ _ _ 
 
 «' «/'r«;/T^»/7/"annlif.ition has been made by ped.olixg compilers, to teacliers and others, for 
 personal, cippucauuii „,,:.|-:. ,_,, i.„..i. /.,t».,,!:..... .„ k:., C'.-.„ii:„- i:>„„i.\ -...i 
 
 to the octavo dictionary, published bnl a.ix mnniki previous, to tlic date of the preface from 
 which the preceding extract is made, he stated, that " The (juarfn edition will, of course, be 
 consider-d as presenting his exact tieivs of Ike pnopKK arrangciaent a7td cxhibilion of 
 words. '^' respect to their orthocraphy ar.d pronunciation" I ! Again, on pngc 1 of his 
 pajY^viilet, published the past year, he has stated, diat " one very importont object of tliis 
 se^es of books, (quarto, octavo, duodecimo, and Elementary Spellini^-Book,) is to reduce to 
 vniformity," thereby conveying the idea that these four books are " uniform" and consistent 
 in their orthography ! 
 
 I now propose to show diat " tliis duodecimo volume, his last work, all written and cor- 
 rected by himself," is no more to be consulted as a " ST.AND.iRD o;-' Ortkograpuv," than 
 the quarto and octavo dictionaries, tlic contradictions, inconsistencies, and anomalies of 
 which I have already pointed out. 
 
 All the contradictio7is and inconsistencies in the ortliography of the class of v/ords whicli 
 end with ck, except hassock, pointed out on pagf.' 8, contained in tiio quai'to, re,>iain m the duo- 
 decimo I The following inconcistencv, contained i)0th in the quano and octavo, is still re- 
 tained in the duodecimo. He has spell jid viimic, when a noun, witliout /', and wlili ii. wf.f n 
 a verb; yet helms made no such distinction in the wonlsfrclic/c and trqfjick, having sj^cMcd 
 them Vv'ith k, when a noun and verb! This rnnovatlon makes anotlier "' ancmaly" in oi.r 
 language, that oi spelling the noun ancl verb differently, when ih jy avcpron,i'U7twJ alihc. 
 
 The orthography of the class of words which end with cr, in the quarto, as tlic r<ref«^rublo 
 orthography, pointed out on page 9, he has changed bade to the ci'' !iy nf the quariC, 
 
 with a/^ the contradictions pointed <iut on tl at page, with the t.>. .• of f!r or y.itu 
 
 more! and has given the termination cr the preference, contrary to the octavo, pubMsl.cd 
 six months previous ! Thus, in the quarto, he has sprlled fiVr. hs^it* r, milrr, ocb' r. ixvH 
 specter, but one way, with er ; but in the duodecimo he 1ms .«;pill( d them tiro ways, »./ aiiU 
 re both ! The word bcUeslettres he has spelled v.ilh re in tiic quiu-lo and octavo, but WiUi 
 er in the duodecimo ! 
 
 In die duodecimo, he has six different ways of exhibiting the orthogianliv of tins rlasa 
 of words, which end with er or re. Thus, center; acre; amphithcaif r, for /rtj ; fiber, 
 fibre; luster, lustre; and scepter, [sceptre]!!! duite a " nniformily" ii deed, which is '• a 
 prime excellence in spelling." He condemns, in the iniroduction lo his quarto, the teiniina- 
 lion red in sceptred, yet he has, in tlic text of tlic quarto, octavo, and duwlccimo, spelled 
 hungred with this termination, althoup-h hunger is spelled with th*^ termination cr! 
 
 Tnc class of words which end with ./Tin tlie octavo, as Uie preferable orUiography, he ha» 
 changed back to th*5 crthogrrrpby of ili" quarif), witli single/, with twc or Lfircc adJilionai 
 
 •i
 
 26 , WEBSTER S DUODECIMO DICTIONARY. 
 
 contradictions not in the quarto ! Thus, he has spelled niastif and mastifF, with sino-Ie / 
 and./.' He has restif and restive, with/ and ive .' He h:iA distaff with f, but all of the other 
 words end with sniglc/.' He has, alter the words sherif and tarif, inserted [sheriff] and 
 [tariff] with /T, in brackets; but he has not inserted the old orthoeraiDhy of any other words 
 except [sheriff] and [tariff] in bracket.-^, after the new orthograp:iy ! 
 
 He has, in ths duoJecimo, spelled midriff with J] ccutrarV to his text in defij-iin'^- dia- 
 phragm. He has, m the duodecimo, all the inconsistencies in "the class of words whicli end 
 m ance and encc, pomteflout on page iO; but he spelled entrance, {verb,)\v[± c, contrary to 
 tlie quarto, in the duodecimo of 1839 ! 
 
 In the orthography of the word aclic and its compounds, he has not, in the duodeci'^o, as 
 many contradichovs as m the quarto, pointed out on page 10, for he has only pari of the 
 v/ords. Thus, he has not bellyache or boneache in tlie duodecimo ; but he has some 7icw 
 conU-adictions not m cither the quarto or octavo! As, headache, headalce : heartache, 
 heartalce, with che and k both ; but toothache with chc only ! when headache and heartache 
 are spelled but one Avay cither in the quari^i or octavo. Thus, he has these two words each 
 spelled tk7-ee ways, m his three dictionaries. rSee pa^-es 10 and iJ.l 
 
 The contradictions in tlie oraiography of ibe class of words Vv'hi'ch end in Zor II, pointed 
 out on page 11, remain the same in tlie duodechno, except that he has added to the number 
 of Uicm; thus, he has medalist v.-ith smgle Z, and medallist with ZJ, contradicLorii, but both 
 hlilte, witJi U, m the quarto and octavo ! In tlic quarto «jd octavo, he has spelled widial, 
 therewithal, and wherewithal, with single I, but in the duorlecimo. he has spelled withal 
 with II, contrary to the quarto and octavo, and dicrcv^-ithrJ and wherewithal witli single /, 
 agreeing with them 1 and the I should be douWad in all c>f them agreeably to his ''rule. 
 * Again, he has not doubled I in extol, " which must be doubled in the derivation" extollin"-' 
 &c. ; but has spelled it as Johnson and Walker have.. He has, iji the duodecimo,' spelled 
 brimfull w itli ZZ, contrary io the quarto and octavo, and handful witli sino-leZ/ *A o-reat 
 many of the words pointed out on page 12, as contradictory, arc ivot in the duodecmio- 
 but in those v/hich o.re inserted, tlic contradictions still exist; as, vizard wida ~ and un- 
 Tisard "' ' ' ' " ' '' ' ' -^ "--> ---' - • - ... 
 
 ferree 
 without 
 
 quarto and octavoj so that this contradiction does not exist in either of tli^ni ! He has in 
 the duodecimo, scurilous, scurilously, and scurilousncss, vrith single r, but -with rr m 'die 
 
 ?uarto and octavo ! He has berylline and coralline v/ith II, and crysUiline vith single Z / 
 le has kale widi k, anli scacale'c.' He has, in the duodecimo, spelled bi\ilder, bflder- 
 building, bilding; and built, bilt, tioo ways, with ui and witli i only, bat in tht. quarto and 
 octavo, one way, with nil He has also spelled built, bilt, two ways, but airbuiKbut one! 
 In the duodecimo, he has spelled burden, disburden, and overburden, oneway, with^^ only 
 but unburthen, unburden, with th and d, and has given ih the preference ! He has, \ the 
 duodecimo, torsion with s, and detortion with 1 1 In the quarto, calice, without A, is »|ie 
 "preferable ortliography ;" altliough chaiiced is spelled v/ith A; but in the duodecin-h, 
 chalice is spelled with h only ! He has, in the quarto and octavo, spelled cumfrey, com- 
 frey, and comfry, three ways, but in the duodecimo he has it but one way, comfry, tlie or- 
 thography tlie least preferred eitlicr in tlie quarto or octavo ! ! lie has, in the duodecimo, 
 spelled pierce one way, witii ie only ; but unpicrced, unperced, witli ie and c both, contrary 
 to the quarto and octavo I He has, ui the duodecimo, spelled unsteadfast, unstedfast, and 
 its derivatives, tv;o ways, v/ith ca and e only, but in the quarto and octavo one way, ca! 
 He has, in the duodecimo, spelled venturesome with e after tlie /■, but adventursome without 
 e! In the duodecimo, he has burg without h, and burglier witli it! He has accruing with- 
 out e, and rueing with it! He has bullfinch with It, and bulrush with single /, and the u 
 preceding the Z has the same sound in each. In the quarto £uid octavo, he has given villany, 
 without i, the preference, and has spelled archvillany v/iUiout i ; but in the duodecimo he 
 has spelled villainy with i ! In tlie duodecimo, he has changed the ortliography of chemistry 
 and its derivatives, back to tlic quarto, contrary to tlic octavo ! 
 
 Octavo. Duodecimo. 
 
 ChL'.iistry , Chimistry 
 Chemical Chimica.' 
 
 Chemically Chimical'y 
 
 Chemist Chimist 
 
 Alchemic Alchimic 
 
 Octavo. Dvtodecimo. 
 
 Alchemical Alchimical 
 
 Alchcmicaily Alchiniicnlly 
 
 Alchemist Alchimist 
 
 Alchemistic Alchimistir 
 
 Alchemistical Alchimisdcal 
 
 Alchemy Alchimy ! 
 
 He has, in the duodecimo, changed the orthograpliy of plough and its derivatives, back to the 
 quarto, contrary to the octavo ! 
 
 Octavo. Duodecimo- 
 
 Plough Plow 
 
 Ploughing Plowing 
 
 Ploughed Plowed 
 
 PlougWard Plowland 
 
 Octavo. Duodecimo. 
 
 Ploughman Plov/man 
 
 Ploughshare Plowshare 
 
 Drillplough Drillplow 
 
 Unploughcd Unplowed
 
 WEBSTER'S DUODECIMO DICTIONARY. Tf 
 
 In the diiodacimo, \\z has spoiled furlow with oic, contrary to the octavo, in which it is 
 f iriough ! He has, in tho duodeciiTio, spslied brid'^iu^oom without r in the last syllable, 
 n.^raoahly to the quarto, but cnntrarij to the octavo, as brldegoom, witlioutr in the last sylla- 
 bU, doss not appear either in the text or definitions of the octavo ! He has, in the duode- 
 cimo, changed th3 orthography of ribin, back to th3 quarto, contrary to the octavo' In the 
 duodecimo, he has spell'?d melasses v/ith e, contrary to the octavo, in which ni'dassss is given 
 as the preferable orthography. In the octavo, he has given ponioisc the preference, but in 
 the duodecimo, he has it porposs ! In the duodecimo, he has nii^htmar without final c, but in 
 the octavo with e, as the pr^hrable oriho^raphy. Pie has, in thti daodecimo, chang-^d the or- 
 thography of hazard and hagardly, back to the quarto, contrary to the octavo ! He has / 
 single in although, always, and jackal, in which the « is broad, and the I should be doubkd 
 agreeably to his rule, " that single I would lead to a fahe pronunciation !" He has in the du- 
 odecimo, apposit withoiit final c, and inapposite with it, contrary to the quarto and octavo! 
 In the duodecimo, he has gazetteer v/ith it, and gan-cteer with single /-/ lie has in the duo- 
 decimo, ffjliaccous withco«.5, and cxti'afoliacious with ions! He has diphylous with single 
 I, and hexaphyllous \vi\hll! He has in the duodecimo, lungi with n, and allonge with o! 
 In the duoJeeimo he hag pinnate with i, bipennate with e, and tripennate, tripinnate with e 
 and i botli ! In the duodecimo, he has gillyflower v/ith y, and clovcgilllfiowcr with i ! He 
 has clanish and clanishness with single 7l, contrary to the rule of spelling derivative words, 
 which is, that a consonant that ends a monos^dlable or a word accented on the last sylla- 
 ble, preceded by a single vowel, should bo doubiod, v/lien a syllable is added begiiuiing with 
 a vowel, as span, spanning, &c. In the duodecimo, he has turkey, turky, witli cv and y 
 both, but all the other words of this class, as jockey, lackey, &o., he has spelled but one 
 Avay ! He has, in the duodecimo, spelled stead, sted, witli ea and c, both ways, but instead 
 one way, ca ! 
 
 On page 13, I have pointed out what qualities a dictionary should possess in an em- 
 inent degree, if intended to be a " Standard of Orthography." Thii; duodecimo dictionaiy 
 is as defective as either the quarto or octavo, particularly as ho has exhibited a greater want 
 of decision in giving the orthography of each vrord than in them. Thus, he has all the va- 
 rieties of spelling the different words, pointed out on pages H, 15, and 1(5. as, apostrophe, 
 apostrophy; epitome, cpitomy ; enlist, inlist; entwine, ixtwine, &c. &c. He has, in the- 
 quarto, spelled proceed, procedc ; succeed, succede ; ^i exceed thvec different \\'^\%; but 
 in tlie duodecimo he lias changed them back to tho<^rthograp/iy of Johnson and Vv^alker, 
 all with ccd! In the duodecimo, he has, in the <^rlhogr|^iy of the words which end in 
 aunt, a great mv^ny contradictions. Thus, l^' ^as da>«it and taunt /J7ic way, but flaunt, 
 flant; haunt, hant : and vaunt, vant, tioo >Xys ! .^gam ; altliough he lias given iJicse 
 three words tvjo ways, he has given vau^^sTj va^ng, hco v/ays ; flaunting but one way 
 
 5 not iri^^-fl iiX/"^^ ! . He has, in^ tlie duodecimo, strow 
 
 and the participle haunting is _ . . 
 
 strowed; strew, strewing, strewed, ^v^lOut hpj^mg^given any prcl'erence ! ^ He ha.s, in thj 
 
 duodecimo, 
 
 In the duoi 
 
 cision at all in his orthogrnpl/; ^o'' U>^.''^"^'^. ^^s says m the quarto, iJiat wiry is prcferaWe 
 
 to wieiy, yet ho has placti>^^'icry |>^t in the duodecimo! He says in his nev.- Spellino-- 
 
 Eook, page 137, that nv^.y wor<> which are spelled with -m should be with c onlv ; but 
 
 ). spelled crauhch, crancK hauiipA, hfrnch, tv:o v/ays, and stanch but one way 
 xlecimo, he has Czar,^^i" ; CT^riaa Tzarina with Cz and Tz ! He has no de- 
 \U in his orthogrnpji?? ^"'' ip^.^'^^^f . 1'- ^^7^- i^ the ([uarto, Uiat wiry is prcferaWe 
 yet ho has placti>^'^'icry |K^t in the duodecimo! He say 
 , ^ ge 137, that ip^^'Y wor'> which are spelled \;\i\\-€a shoii 
 in his 'duodecimo dii^i'^^iy V^-'^ ""'p^ of tliem with one spelling, others with tii-o; as, 
 spread, spred ; tretv^ steady ^ed, &.c. &c. ; lie has also some of the narticiplcs with one 
 spelling, others v^^li two f^^, spreadino;, sproddmg, treading, «S:c. He has sovereign and 
 suveran, both v^ys, in yie duodecimo, v/ilhiAU having givrn a preference ! Tlie contradic- 
 i2r??i5po;nte(ioiiton nxges 16, 17, and 18, between the definitions* and text in orthography, arc 
 not as nuv-'-r'^'i^ i«^ V^^ duodecimo as in the octavo tmd quarto, as most of the d.ti'nitions are 
 change-'and ablvevmted, yet the greater part of th--m which are inserted, remain contra dic- 
 torv,^^, holidfiy under ferial; faggot under dunnage; entmst under confident; ensnare 
 un^er catch; intreat under obsccrate ; intreaty under obsecration: halbcrt under glair ,-• 
 pcupify un/fer dull, &c. &c. Again; he has in the duodecimo, in defining anconv, .sotJIcd 
 bloomer?', contrary to his text, blomaiy ; in defining travesty he has J^pellcd burlcs'k w'ith k 
 which is not the orthography that he has preferred in his text! In the d-.iodccimo, the 
 definitions of the words subtile and subUe are confounded. In the duodecimo, he has 
 ip defining nauseous and nauscousness, spelled loihcsomc with e, contrary to his text 
 lothsome ! «5:c. &c. 
 
 It is very improppr and perplexing to exhibit ^K-o diflerent spellings of the same word- 
 for, the scholar will always hesitate in spelling it, sometimes u.sinsr one orthogrnphy, some- 
 times the other; as vaunt and vant, unburthen and 111 ' ' ' • M.TiScc. A:c. • yet 
 Mr. Webster has, in his duodecimo, not only given tv, , _ i" tlie same word, 
 when coupled together, as vaunt, vant, haunch, h.inch, u-.; but he has irivcn two flifTrpnt 
 spellings of the same word, when -• ' - led, with tlu- rawr   . . -.ijjjf,,,^ i 'p|,„5 
 sovereign (fl.) supreme in power; , (a.) supnr.ic in . , sovcrrign (n.)a 
 supreme i-ulcr; suveran (/t.) a supreme lord or ruler: sovereignty, supremacy, ^supr. me 
 dominion; suveranty, supreme power, supremacy: ache, to be in pnin; akc, to be in cotir- 
 tiinued pain! vant, vaunt, to boast, to brog; vaunt, vant, to boast,, to brog! enlistment, act
 
 5« 
 
 WEBSTKPJS DUODECIMO DICTiOKARY. 
 
 of enlisting; ; inlistment, actof inlisting! engrained, dj-ed in tlie grain; ingrained, dyed in 
 the grain I encase, to inclose in a case ; incase, to inclose in a case ! encage, to confine in a 
 cage ; incage, to confine in a cage ! &c. &c. &c. His system can not be compUte, unless he 
 shall give oJI the difterent spcllLngs of the savie word in each oihxs four books, \\z. Cluarto, 
 Octavo, Duodecimo, and his new Speljing-Book; as stevil, sterile; vaunt, vant, &c. &c. 
 
 Mr. Webster's duodecimo dictionary is very deiicicnt in one impoitant particular. Many 
 words in common use are not cont^TiJned in it; as, achor, ambitious, arc, asseverate, benig- 
 nant, bruit, cantharides, capias, chronometer, composite, dictation, discrepancy, discrepant, 
 execution, suspire, fascine, indign, Icgarillmis, obs-.a-vatory, stupidity, &.c. &c. all of which, 
 except discrepancy and execution, are in his nrv/ Spelling-Book ! and there are numerous 
 other words, not above enumerated, contained in his new Spelling-Book, which are not in 
 the duodecimo dictionary', " for the use of Primary Schools ! I " [See page 38.] On page 
 131 of his new Spelling-Book, he lias, in the recoad column, seven words, only one of 
 which is in his duodecimo school dictionary ! As this review is limited to the orthograpky 
 of the language, no particular notice will be taken of the contradictions in pronunciation 
 which exist between the octavo and duodecimo dictionaries. These are more nuuierous than 
 even the contradictions in orthography, particularly in the division of words. Thus, in the 
 
 Octavo. 
 
 Ax-iom 
 
 Aux-il-ia-ry 
 
 Bagn-io 
 
 Do-mes-ti-cate 
 
 Duodecimo. 
 Ax-i-om 
 Aux-il-i-a-ry 
 Ba^-nio 
 Do-mes-tic-ate. 
 
 Octavo. 
 
 Ev-er-y 
 
 Gcn-er-al 
 
 Gen-cr-ous 
 
 Com-i-cal 
 
 Duodecimo. 
 Ev-e-ry 
 Gen-e-ral 
 Gen-e-rous 
 Com-ic-al 
 
 He has, in the quarto and duodecimo, given iho,short broad sound in fault, default, assault, 
 &c., and the long broad sound \n the octavo ! Again ; he has a great many contradictions, 
 in the duodecimo, m the division of words of similar or precisely the same former termi- 
 nation. Thus, 
 
 Anx-i-ous 
 
 Nox-ious 
 
 Car-riage 
 
 Win-dow 
 
 Fe-brUe 
 
 and Ovcr-anx-Ious 
 
 Tn-noxi-ous 
 
 V7heel-cer-ri-nge 
 Bor-mar-w.v^,d.o-^y 
 
 An-*.i-feb-rile 
 
 Psst-i-len-tial 
 
 Iii-cum-bent 
 
 (?'rus-ta-ceous 
 
 Le-gion 
 
 Li-tig-i-ous 
 
 An-ti-pes-ti-len-tial 
 Su-per-in-cumb-ent 
 Tnit-ta-ce-ous 
 Re-gi-on 
 Pro-disr-ious, &c. &c. 
 
 The contradictions in divisWi are sovjij^^ipiovis. tliat the limits of this review will not 
 -pennit me to point out one twcnf^ih part ^f them. He lias, in the pronunciation, in the 
 quarto, octavo, and ducdecimo,^hani;o^i agrt.t, many words to that of Walker , Qxmu-vn-y lo 
 
 his former dictionaries and fc.peUing-T?.-,ok : t- angel, danger, are, folio, convenient, <«.'.c. 
 &c. although he has said that Walker's pnmi.nciac^,-i is not heard in " any dcceoit society in 
 En'^land"'.''! The keys in the djfTerent ditiionarie. ovg different, which create sonie per- 
 
 140! &c. &c. . , . 
 
 Mr. Webster has, in th". introduction to the quarto, m page 3 of the .^luodccimo, and page 
 11 of his pamphlet, published during the past year, SDclied enth.-all witi. (.-, cwtrary to the 
 text of all his dictionaries, in which it is spelled with t/ In shor.. to poiu ^ut a!l the ctm- 
 tradiciions, inconsi.ste7icics, and anomalies, in orthography, pronunnation, i^cent, and di- 
 vision of words, which exist in the quarto, octavo, and duodecimo, wo^ld requu,. ji book as 
 lar"-e as the duodecimo dictionaiy itself; and I must therefore be cor.tent wii'i. having- 
 pointed out a part of each, that the reader may have a clew or index to thtrn, and ermine 
 them at his leisure.
 
 REVIEW 
 
 OF 
 
 MR. WEBSTER'S AMERICAN SPELLING-BOOK. 
 
 FIRST PUBLISHED IN THE ALBANY ARGUS, IN IS27— 8, 
 
 As the publishers of Mr. Webster's new Efementanj Spelling-Book, compiled hv AARON ELY, have reserved W 
 themselves the riL'ht to puhlish eiilier the old or the neip .^peUin^-Book, as should best suit their Interests,* I have 
 concluded to insert the review of the old Spelline-Book which was published in the Albany Arpus, except that part 
 which pirticularly relate? to Mr. Webster's innovations in the orthozraphy of his oU Spelling-Book, and Dictiona- 
 ries published in 180S and isi7. For this part of that review, the reader is referred to pages 7, 8, 9 and 10 of this R» 
 view, in which the impropriefv of those innovations is taken into consideration. 
 
 Mr. Webster's spellin?-book was founded upon, and .succeeded Dilworth's. It was so supcriour to its predccesanr, 
 In many respects, as to acquire an immediate and unparalleled popularity, which it has sustained with little inter- 
 ruption for mors than forty yrars. So masical itH.Uxid has been the charm of popularity woven around It, that all 
 desire for, or efforts to improvement, seem to have been paralyzed ; and it is not until within a few years, that any 
 successful attempts have been maile to imnrovo upon this popular system. The merits oi Mr. Webster's hook have 
 been duly considered by me ; and while I would award to him the jusi meed of prai.se for tiin-^ly efforts in the cause 
 of education, I am not disposed to deny, that, since our systems of instruction have undergone much change, ar^ 
 the elements of 0(ir lanTuaije have been more closely invpstieated and more clearly defined, useful improvemenu 
 In the department in whiclifMr. Webster was so successful may be made, if they be not, in fact, from circumstance! 
 and the spirit of the ase, absolutely required. Great caution is necessary, however, that the laudable spirit of Im- 
 provement, and the love of variety and change, should not be imjwsed upon by speculators and pretenders; and 
 that a work, entitled to respect for thoeo'd which it h;is hitherto been instrumental in effecting, should not b« 
 driven from the publick confidence, except by one of equal or superiour merits. 
 
 First— as the eiiiding principles of my invcstication, I will state the leading characteristicks of such a^iellins 
 Book .as I should deem worthy of a general introduction into our primary schools. 
 
 1. It should contain as sreat a number of the words in Djmmon use as practicable, to the exclusion of extraneous 
 and iiTelevant matter ; as many who attend our primary schools have no other opportunity of acquiring a correct 
 knowledge of the elements of our lanimacre. 
 
 2. The classification of words should be judicious and distinct; and the system adopted be strictly and correcUy 
 arlhered to. 
 
 3. Tlie arransement should be plain and simple, with a due regard to the expanding capacities and the progressira 
 Improvement of the learner. 
 
 4. In orthography and orthoepy \t should correspond with the standard dictionary of the country; or strictly con- 
 form with the principles of the work it professes to follow : for the dictionary, and not the spelling hook, must b« 
 the standard of reference; and hence ;he importance, for the ui-iiformity and ciirrectness of our language, that lh» 
 latter work should be founded and carefully constructed upon the principles of the former. 
 
 CON'TEXTS. 
 
 Mr. Webster's spel!in?-bool' romprir^e?: Ifi"? pages: 14 of which are introducton' : fiS contain 'words taken from the 
 dictionary : 29 pa?cs contain the names of p<»rsons, places. &c. ; 47 contain reading le.ssons : 8 contain pictures, and 
 fables : and 4 p;i?es contain numbers, abbreviations, explanations of the characters used in writing, and a census 
 of the United States. 
 
 Tlujs we find that is pases less than half of Mr. Webster's spslling-book, are devoted to the insertion of spelling 
 lessons, containing words of our language to the nttmbcrof 69'iO, including the examples of the formation of plurals, 
 derivative and compound words to the iiumb-^r of U50, so that there are only ssno words of the languare in his buck 
 arranged expressly for spelling, with the pronunciation noted ; of these 5¥00 words, 2-20 are inRcrted more than once 
 In the different spellini: lessons, not including tho.-;e subject to diflerent accentuation when differently ap[)lied ; as, 
 page 19, sp'ke and spike; 18 and 19, npe, ride, vriile; 19 ami i'\. hence, pence, fence, ^cich. rinse, brick. sH'-k. kick ; 
 pai'o 30 and 3l , ailvrsity : pacre 32, and 33, slay ; pa?e 23 and 51 afase : page €6 and f 7, adniis-rCble ; pare 35 and 146, 
 i.onrs", conr'-e, kn.oin, h^w nt^w. 13 anil I4«t, sale, vale, &c. &c. Mr. Web.ster's spelling Icvons are al?o q^iite drfir 
 ci'nt inasmuch as he has not. In anv of them, inserted any words ctifour syllable-^ accented on the/w/rr/i.as super' 
 intrnd, riivltipH'an'l. &-c. : words of five .syllables accented on the/<M/r//>, as administrator, snperintertiiem. &c. ; 
 words of six or seven syllables with their different .accentuation, as s^iperninnerary. i'le^timacy. indefatigable, 
 eitperiority. encytlopedia, impracticabVity. <&c. Aeain, Mr. Welister omitted a creat many words in mnsf common 
 usse: as, abborrenC'», abridge, absorb, abstain, abundance, academy, access, accord, accost, accuse, acnuirenient, 
 achieve, acute, adapt, adopt, aduU. advancement, adverb, advice, ;iffect, airent, assress, asrce, aeuc. alle«lge, aliepa- 
 tJon.allesiaiici;. .alley, alphabet, ami)ush, analyze, anile, animate, annul, anvil, ap|ieal, anple, ar-nie, armour, article, 
 assault, assemble, assist, assistance, associate, atmosphere, attain, attract, attribiue. au.stcre. avail, avarice, average, 
 averse, avow, await, award, a.vis. a.xle, &c. &c. throughout the who:e laneuaie. a £rreat lortion of the most common 
 words was entirely omitted, by Mr. Webster, in the spelling lessons 'jf his old Ppellins: Book ' 
 
 The omission of these words is a veo' irreat defect, as most of them are very important words, and in general ase • 
 these classes of words 7eere inserted in the spellinebooksof Dilworthand Ferry. In consequence of the fewness of 
 words In Mr. Webster's spelling-book, tho,=^ scholars who use it cannot become ac^iuainted with one half of the 
 words in common use, either in their orthography or pronunciation : and ccnscquently the scholar will find %vords 
 In almost ever>' sentence of his reading lessons, with the onhoeraphy or pronunciation of which he is wholly unac- 
 quainted, not having seen them in his srielling lessons of the same book. 
 
 And asain ; there are a erent many words in the spelling lessons of his Spelling Book which are not in his die- 
 tlonarv published in 1817, " compiled for the use of common schools in the United States," of course intended to be 
 used with his Spelline-Rook, containing these words ! and some of these are not even in his " Compemtlout Dle- 
 Uonary," published in ISOR! 
 
 Those in iualick are not in the "compendious dictionary :" Acanthus annunri.ite, antibacehvs.upcmtaUcal arropim 
 astrological, teal, bedchamber, belleslettres, belove, bibllothscal, bodre, botany, cachexy, canfhirides, eantheru*. 
 canthari.s, capuchin, carle, catechumen, caucht, cham.ade. chamois, chancre, chmr, chereril, chevisanre, chirtw- 
 rapby, chevauxdefrise, chorography, chromatic, chronometer, clomb, cogger, co°-tra/«,cognl2or, cognlzeccondho* 
 
 • If m.iy not he improper (o trtnte hi»re, that ip conw>finrnrf of tlie puWiontJo" nfihl^ rr^'v: Id IJi* Albany Anru4, Mr. Wehj<^ t hr tm- 
 tfoned his old SncHine-n.mIr, viyi\ rmployorl Mr. Anrrn Kly to comt-ib a ii«e one, whi"-)! wai I'tiblithH morf thmi tvo yeart b»for» tW 
 «opy-rieht of the nirl Rn-nine-r.-iok fTplr-'l, (.Sept. 15, t'^ol.) an'l every rtlcrt wan made lo piisli it inio u".. That Mr. Wchitjr wonjd 
 ♦lot have pnhlished a ni-ic Sjieljine-Book, hiid nm the critiri»m» in the AII«.-inT Arpn l.een (riven to the Dnbliek, in. I think fairly to tw 
 Inferred from the two followineFtafcnienH mor'e l.v h'm in lis AlTKAl, "Ti>THK PURLIfTK," puhhshed in New Haven, Merch. ISOL 
 
 Thin .Mr. Webster remnrkrd, " Mr tables, i ?r t'< i.-'llv t!io«e of.rrppilar wnrdii. the n!o«i .mpomnl o( all lhtr'»j.t^ ire ac connroelM. 
 and so nr.nrly complete. THAT TUF.Y f.ANNOT RK IMPRUVKD." And he remark* f^nhfr " My 8pcll;rr Prwk, which Km hwl 
 an iinpara'Ioled sale, and has, it is lielievcrl, had a verv exien-ive eflVrt in fariljtatinf; the arqnijilion of ihe Ian«iia«e aM In V'ti^m 
 the popular pronunciation from Tulfarities— WILT, tif. ADJrSTFn (n»tth«t he wciM writ* »<r canie to !*■ writtefi a new nr-J a>a 
 •miforniity with the dictionar>' in pronnnciaiian. " The pi-e«e<l!nf rewarta, it »«:•» b« rfec>n»«»<J, wen pnb'.-ljed birt •v^'cm fwfi^f 
 ppcrioiixo the poblitatino of the e.'-=ti<ii»n ir> tha Arfira
 
 so WEBSTER'S AMERICAN SPELLING-BOOK. 
 
 8ive, customary, decrial, discoficern, dost, doth, cliinceon, entendre, epidemical, exmnen, Jlook, foreseen, fratehsirt, 
 iconu-ary to his s\)elhus-bQOk,)frcam.fors!vorn, froze, giljber, gilt, grown, grew, has, hust, Iiatn, lieard, him, him- 
 nelf, hli, hithe, iambus, impnulcnt, jagged, kern, knagg^', kneiv, knoini, hiid, lain, leggeJ, iieve, liiho^iapl-.y, lo^j- 
 (KVithms, ij7igcr, longest, macilent,miu\e, mMiesis, nieathe, meant, mendacity, iviics-, wiserattencss, uicrdacity, 
 7:ioicn, nugdcHy, ochinnj, omniircnoiis, (contnirj^to his spelling-book,) oririlloiis, ovenrhelitiing, i)ix\d, paradigi'/i, 
 pedagogical, perspiratorii, per^pivacity, pljnth, plothoiT, po. '.;.'(.-, pr-para:or>j, piOCaciO-iP, Xjjrrliicliius, (.ueiii, ia- 
 Icer, liui. ratli, reeve, rliomb, ii^uish, riien, rode, rofmelaiiie, (coiitraiy to speliing-book,) rmwv.ou, sawn, soys, segun- 
 cit}-, sliaw, sigil, sougrit. soini, spilth, spondee, stiuilnolder. squeal, siaiil, stile, stirp, stronger, syncope, synecO'-che. 
 pviiUiesis, synthetic, teague, t;iii::iit, tew, tliane, tlieomachy, tlico.ioUto, tlii.l, tiuew, throve, took, tOst, iribuochwt 
 Uiplicity, ucchee, ureibra, vegeiant, vert, waif, wages, wast, wherrct, wiiitstcr, &c. 
 
 CLxVESIFICATION. 
 
 In tlie classification and arrangement of wcrds for spelling lessons, Mr. Webster's book was, nnqncstionably. 
 far superiour to Dilworth's. Mr. Dilvvorth's classiiication and arrangement merely consisted in ari'anging and 
 classing t!« 6 monosyllables according to itie number of letters contained in each word, whether vowels or conso- 
 nants ; and the words of more than one syHab).e according to their peculiar accentuation only : Avheroas, Mr. NS'eb- 
 ster not only arranged the words according to their peculiar accentuation, but ciassed them agreeably to their i)ar 
 »icular vowel or consonant sound? ; as iong«, e, i, o, ti, u\ and y; short a, e. i, ji, and y ; Hat a; broad a ; c i ;aifl 
 o, when sounded like u short, &c. : the rtesignatiOii or classilication of the diliercnt sound? of th ; the cla.?sinail!on 
 of the words in which c, / and y are sounded like s.'; ; «p like o lojig; s and z like zh; i like y; the diiiereirt 
 sounds of c7j ; as, ch like k an(! sh; g hard before e, i, and y ; g double in the pronunciation, thoush single in fb« 
 orthography ; c and g pronounced like s and j at the end of syllables ; tr sounded after h, though v.ritten before it ; 
 a- sounded like gz wlien followed hy an accented syllable beginnin!: with a vowel or h ; irregular v.-ords not com- 
 prised in the forewing tables; and words of the saiine sound, but dif^'erent in sijclling and si,^nification. 
 
 I shall now attempt to shov/ in the first place what I consider defects In his ckissification, and in the second 
 place, the defective arrangement of the words thus defectively classed. Table 2, and 3, containing the first mono- 
 syllables in which the scholar must beexercised after learnin*: thoalphahet, contain many words in which (touble 
 vowels and consonants are exbihitod ; as II in call, Jill, ss'u\ bless, gg in egg, Lb in ebb, ee in bleed. &c. s like z a.s 
 \nhas, nose, spasm; e silent in hence, 07iince; ck in brick; fch in /natch; and a large number of words in the 
 phnal form in which s is sounded like z ; a'.l of which render the.se tables the most dur.cult for the scholur of ;niy 
 in the book, CMisidering his capacity when introcUiced io them. Table 2, 3, and 1'3, contain many Vv-oids ulhCii 
 are spelled differently, though pronounced alike, which causes great perplexity. This, however, will be tyken 
 notice of more particularly when 1 shall review Tabie 53. Tlie objections wlucii fhave prefoirtd against Tal-Jes 
 iiand 3, ?.re, in some degree, applicable to Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, To, 11; though the mo<t I'ron'.inent obieciion 
 appears to be this, that they do not coataiw a sulTicient number of easy words^fo.- the scholar's exerci.-e. previous 
 to his introduction to Table 12, and the Tables 14, 16, 19, u\, 23, 24, 26, and 28, wi-.icii arc composed cf words oi inoie 
 riifficull orthography and pronunciation. Of these tables I shall take particr.lar notice hevcafior, in t eat- 
 ing of orthography and pronunciation. In the last part cf Table 12, and in I'able 37, the different s«:unds of 
 
 stem 
 cf 
 
 manner that the scholar cannot determine,' v/heh required to spell any word contained' In these I'.ssoVis, whether to 
 
 use c, t or s, the sound being the same ; as penvion, inention, suspicion. &c. : and it appears evident that tlic woriis 
 
 in which r, cand s have the sound of sh, sliould be classed in s'eparale lessons, for tne same rca.-ons that he has 
 
 classed the words in which ch has the sound of s-'i and 7c; as we learn their proniiriciation by association, tn^l,^u!d 
 
 we learn the orthography of tlie other words referred to. Paces 47, and 71, he lias censure and suhmaliti/ int-tead 
 
 of placing them in the iesson where s has the sound ol'sh, neither has he told us in Iris book tliat s hss tlie sound 
 
 of s;?, in these words. Tablets he has a class of words ending in ctr unaccented, and on p. 47, ft; 'has bclhics 
 
 where it should not be, and again in this lesson. Or. page 53 he has usury, av.d 63 he itas im^'prision, instead 6l 
 
 Insertimr them in Table 33, in which s has the sound of zlt, where they should be. In 'lahln 36, liC .sfiys. i belore^n 
 
 vowei sounds like y at the beginning of words ; and contradicts his rule in th-e tiiir.l word by p onoriiicimr scldi t 
 
 sol-gtr, and in the same column an.rimis, ank-shus ! Should not these words have been jiuced in '1 able 47, wiih 
 
 the irregular words.' And farther, iizio have the sound odr/iu in cnjimis, a^ he laseiven ir, sliiuilit ihey not in 
 
 crmnexton. dejiiixion, flexion, fitxi0)i, have the same sound, aithoush i.e has i:ot .-^o pi'bnounccd il.t-m ? (.n paae 
 
 27 is 72arpstc/j(/rrf, page 61 a?-c/!e7ec?, pai.'e 73 c/l.'tsr/a«, instead of placing thein in Tab'.e ;^8, in which i-h have the 
 
 sound of k ; and on page 14, of the analysis," he says, " ch have the Enj-lish tound as in chanii ; except in the cSHi 
 
 and 39th Tables ;" consequently, we must, a 'ireeably to the ab-ive ruie, and his ariansement, pri'i-.ounce thtm 
 
 harpsetshord, artshettkt, tshristshan. Tab!e"40 is composed of words in v.hlch g is liard br ioie e, i, ana y ; arii we 
 
 nii^ht, therefore, reasonably expect that all of the v.-onlscf this class would he givi n in this Its.-ou oidy ; xi.t we 
 
 find on iJaee 34. geese, page I7,§'£f and g/^i P^^-ge 19. gtjt, page 40, girt, and acainT in this lesson ; au(i on -page 17, 
 
 gilt, page 24, misgive, page tiS,^ieginning. where they shoind not be agreeabl}' to his classiiicalion, and which aie 
 
 not in this lesson at all. At the close of Table 40. he has given 12 words which he says are piontunced as 4i ouah 
 
 Ihey were written with double ir; and instead ofirffr'ing all of tlie words of thisclass In this Icsjon as he tl.oa'iU 
 
 agreeably to his system of classiiication, he has ir.' '. 15 words in the precetling lessens cf this class, which 
 
 ought to have been in this lesson ; as, pw^e 'i'i, cr.. 'o 20, siiJgiilar, page S8, diaHngu ish,, j^hgc -JT, tiaiide, 
 
 gingle, language, languor, onan^lc. onlriglc. angle'. tcnigU.. ii icngle, I'^agc 63, ('/<<<■(/?£,"/<. page" ■; l, 
 
 singv-larity ; niakin^'more not c:a.-^.sed than \ \. Sliculn vny one a'^sert iLat tiie.-e lo wofi.s ouglit 
 
 not to be classed with the 12 becau.se the §• is hn :. n. ..v.. ■>, ;,?, or?/; let him ai:sv.cr v.hy iTsr. Webster classes 
 
 linguist with the 12, as it is followed by zi ! In Table 43, h is pronounced bet-ire «% tl-.ough wriiten auer it. At the 
 
 close of this lesson he has whore, v-hole, vho, vhom, ic/icov. and vhose, with the following note : " In the loll'..\Sr 
 
 ing, with their compounds and derivatives, tv is silent." If the ?i' bo silent in these words, tl.en it is rot sounded 
 
 ajter the h ; why then are these words in this less,on ? In 'J'able 44, x has the sous.d of i^z. Vtiiy are not uxorious, 
 
 page 66, and auxiliary, page 91, in this les.son? 6See letter X, Welister's Analysis, fable 47 Clmpri^es inci;u!ar 
 
 words not in the forej.'oing tables. Why are not one. page 33, once, pag^ 40, so'dier and anxious, page 91. vhinr'As, 
 
 page 97, inserted in this lesson, as they are irrexular words, instt aii n; beirt,' at tlie briiiom of pages with reftrt> ces? 
 
 Apain, why were not those words v.'hich cor.ia.in two different ptcuiiar consonant .'oundsinscfied wiih lix' irregn- 
 
 hir words also, for they do not q.roperly belong in any other lesson, as on;y one peculiar sound is now no'ed : "for 
 
 instance; page 91 in the word ff»/xi//a7?/ Io l.as noted the round of i like?', but he has not noted ilie sound of alike 
 
 gz ; p. 93 the sound of th is noted in clor/iirr. but not the sound of i like y ; p. 95 the sound of ch like k is noted in 
 
 ch^iwlicm, but not the sound cf z lilCey, ^;c. &c. 
 
 Table 53, page 145, conVMn% '' tnords of the same sound, Ivt dlJTerent in spelling and signifiratir/n." as Ihese 
 vrords are Uiken from the dictionary, this lesson on-jht, uinlniiiiifilly, to have imnicdiatcly siu ccccied table 47, paye 
 112, instead of being placed af.'f?- the namoa of ler.sons, pU cc^, &-c. ; but Mr. V. ebslcr probably placed it in tliis 
 manner in poliiene.ss to i\Ir. Dilwoith.anlBfcr of tliis lesson, vho 1   d it thus arranged. 
 
 This is one of the most important lessons contained in any ^jiellirg-book ; for. unless these won's are associated 
 with their respective distinctive definitions, it is impossible furtbe scholar to br-come ac<iuainte<l with tlicir cr.hog- 
 raphy, their pToii^inciationh^ins alike. From the title of this lesson, and its evident im;;oitai;ce in a spcliing- 
 book, we might reasonably expect it to contain all thecommon words of "this class in the hmguace; that none bt 
 thes<? words should bo in.'^ertcd in the precrdini: lessons wl '-re tlie distinctive dtfinitiOnsare not .•. ivi n ; thai ilcir 
 pronunciation should be given in this le. son ; and that no words should be here classed which aie not p. enoun- 
 ced alike; yet, this lesson (Table 53) is defective in all the above, and iu soine other particulars, as will tjC 
 fully shown. 
 
 First ; there are acknowledzed by Mr. ■Webster, either in his ?i ellinsr-book or dictionary, about se^,ten hiinarrd iinn 
 eight 
 more: 
 dins 
 be ! 
 
 lessons one hundred ar/d /cwr words two of which are pronounced alike, but which are not ciasscd in this table 
 ^63) neither can the scholar learn their distinctive defir.iiions in any of Webster's spelling lessons ; as cLt sit, r^p 
 wraji, red read, («short,) hall haul, dire dyer, mote moat, fore four, brake break, mule mewl, maze maize, slay sley ,
 
 VVEBSTER.S AMERIC/OJ SPELLING-BOOK. 31 
 
 »!trall Etrelght, praise prays, baise bays, tray trey, bo bee, ye yea, sea! ceil, shear shire (shaer not in tiie spelling- 
 bob'.^./ tier tsar, need, kiiead, seem seam, leaf iief, feet tcui, reek wreak, mien me.ui ; queen quean, reeve, 
 reave, leave iieve. freeze friaze, liio'b I'ie, clime climb, slow sloe, pole poll, boll bowl, hoar whoie, known none, 
 moan mown, holme home, slev/ slue, ark arc, boll bonlt, last laste, hoo]) wlioop, ooze ou.^e, tierce terse, verge virtre, 
 boy buoy, throw throe, with withe, weather wether, wlieal wheel : Fourthly ; there are also in the preceding 
 lca.'iOu>Jift!/-vev-:n words each of which lias another word correspoiiaiiit; In sound in Mr. Webster's rticiionary, not 
 one of which is in this table (oU.) or in any olLcr sp nUn;; les.son of his bo(j.c. consequently the scholar cannot, from 
 the use of Webster's spclliiis,' les.sons, become actiuainled with the oniioirniphy or liistinciive deliniiioiis of Uiejifnj- 
 «£r£/t words correspondin;? in sound with these; as, bur.   ' . bay, 
 
 dav, hav, wail, wain, trau?--:, bait, gait, steak, knee!, .toll, 
 
 poiir, bloat, lo.ui, port, hoanl. Ccw, bruit, jamb, limb, >. . . .,, ■, rout, 
 
 singte, subtle, counsellor, i;ession, anchor, plfjue, gild, rigger, w. ..'. -ji one 
 
 hualred wOidsof 'hischis-; i.-i Web.^ter's dictionary, that is, two .... ''•!'- 
 
 ferently, not one of which is classetl in table oi, neither arc tliey m ;i 
 
 book, con-sequentiy the sciioiar will never be tauglit their sound, ori;. ,. ., .■ .u- 
 
 ster's spelling lessons, neither will he even learn that there are su. .n liie lanmuige ; a.s creek cniK, iroar 
 
 gore, place plaice, bell belie, dam danrn, marshal m;irtial, chagrin s: :. drc. : hixUdy ; as Mr. WeiL^lcr lias 
 
 not given the pronunciation of the words in tabic 53, wo c;ir.not :> : liow he intended a number 
 
 of these classes should l)a pronounced ; as, altar alter, asrent .. coll sell, century centaury, 
 
 lesson less ni. meuil mettle, pear pure, re.-:t v/re-;t, &c. : .0:1 •' Words of the 
 
 same sound," yet he h;i3 not given the p;Oauncrat'on <^ ;e.<, in tiiis or any 
 
 other spelling '."es.son in liis hook! wiventhly; there i> .1 .. . i^! v, :iio!i he h;is classeu 
 
 only tioo words of similar sound when, there are tlircn in i. .1 in his Diction;u-y ; as, by 
 
 buy. pt'ar pare, seen scene, son t .scent, too two \-   >' v .•   ■. seine,, cent, to, v;un, and 
 
 ewe: EiL'hthly ; there is a numiier of words   c v.hic.T evidently ure not, 
 
 and shoulil not be; as, centaury and centuiy, ' .;* hr;>ir:ri;.i and princiule ; 
 
 and the live following words are not so spoile.l <,-v. ?iveii,)mton. 
 
 «f/5-?io>-, «/.5rtr, and p/s€; Ninthly ; many of the 11 y incorrect ai\({ 
 
 awkirarcl, .and at variancf; v.'iththe delinitions of tiic; saine vvorda in u> ; ;i.- aUur, for Siicrilice ; 
 
 bier, to carry the dearl ; kurroir. for ratOMts; fayir. a w.-.',ri,or crick : ,;c &c. for liie definition of 
 
 whic!i, sec Webster's P is, unUoubicdly, very 
 
 much indebted 10 Mr. I :. 
 
 A^ain ; Mr. \" • iu., he has not taken notice 
 
 of the words V,- .-.-J. He h.is not iiiiormci 
 
 us at all in his - • i : '       'ii: lessons, nor 
 
 even toM us that t > Mr. Webster 
 
 in his Dictionary, c._   ' ' ''-.-^ons 
 
 of h'S spelling-book, a:; itanyri .in or 
 
 pcculiiir use in the Ian-- . .11 any of. - . in the 
 
 different accentu;ition noied : as siujl'J, p.i^es -^i, nn.X z't, miidm::, \i\}.2a eind 24 ; conjuic, pp. i-i and 49; invalid 
 26 and 28 : the /ourfe^rt following words arc in.scnc»l w'r'i rvily 0!ie accentuation noted; neither am we learn 
 from his spe'ding-bcok that they ever sliould be differt as convert, p. 23 ; coutine. co'ier.t. gallant im- 
 
 pres.s, p. 24 ; project, protest, concert, p. 2.5: rebel |t. 47 : • .ort, p. 49 : de.^'^rt, n. 52:co:i,ii0imd, p. 53 ; 'pre- 
 
 cedent, p. loi ; of theremainiii^ C2 words r." ' 'ir. he will foi'ever 
 
 remain ignorant, unless he shall refer ti' ^>ent, frequent, mi- 
 
 nute, retail, diirest, export, inijiort, record, i-, i.v ,-i.. u,. ■. .; -n; n , ,■ , ui. i.-i.-iui.   AUiict. u iiisier.contest^ contract 
 contrast,conver.se. object. attribute, august, (fcc. &.c. are not in anvof the spelliiiL'lessonsbf his book ! Again ; there 
 
 are many words ditferently prw/.o«nc£d when diiTerently app'.-'i ^' '" ".hich are classed in his spellins-book. 
 
 Some of these words are inserted and interminirled in the di;. lessons with the different jironuncia- 
 
 tion ; as tear, pages 32 and 33 ; lead, p. 33 .and 147 ; use, p. i5 : lu-j . . . IJ ; sow, 40 and li3 : otliers are insert- 
 ed with only one pronunciation noted inanyoftiic ie.^soris, ne.i.-.er c .n we learn from lils spelling-book thai 
 they ever should be differently pronounced ; put, paee 17 ; wind, p. 18 ; close, p. 35 ; house, p. 40, abuse, pT 01, &c. hut 
 there are others of this class, which are not in any of his spelling lessons, as mouse, disuse, excuse, raven, tarry, 
 diffuse, lower, &c. &c. 
 
 Althoueh there are (Ml ' ' inthec?" " i sonant sounds -which 3Ir. 'Webster ^ia« notea 
 
 m his anahjns, yet hi^ ;3 still n ., as lie has vn' n-ted or classed many particu- 
 
 lar consonant sounds, oi \. Ill .1 V. ;ii;e classes :i.-' u: «_>■ interspersed tlirougli his snelling lessons. 01 
 
 these I shtdl take notice v.'licu treating of his Arui:uii~> . u;:cia*Licn. 
 
 ARRANGEMENT. 
 
 it will no doubt Iv? readily admiffed, that next in i. ntion of words intended foi 
 
 Epellins lessons, omtaininir tlte different and peculiar . • _ the due arrangenunt of the 
 
 words thus classed, according to tlie ease or difficulty wiui . y and pronunciation ar>' h;amed. 
 
 Immediately succeeding the alphabet, are two tabl^^ ro-: i' r the scholar's tirst "xerci-e iri 
 
 spelling ; and at the close of these are thi ttion of the vlural from the 
 
 singular and of other derina'AvM." As lar fomi. wi'h tKo ortharra- 
 
 phy or pronunciation of, winch t) ' ' t not to :i insi^ricd 
 
 here, more ptmicularly as there :. ..I.sasi:, ~p; nor is 
 
 «in italickat the cndo" " '■     • ... ..i ;, ^ ^ 
 
 7, 8,9, 10, andii,coiu:.; i.iiion 
 
 noted ; ihf-n !.-ib'.-! i-j. t- . " ..,,.,, i^nn-h/'r 
 
 Inssnn oi " Er(uiij)!e3 of the for) nation < -.vhv Mr Wc'.jit 
 
 Inserted /7ro lus.-ons of this kind, niorr- : ... , u 7. ,.\.'>-r^ 
 
 lesson, there are no figures todenolr • 1 ^ouiids, noi ; ieiiers noted hv 1 
 
 Other les.sons, except tVi» ^r in it/ii*, /and 6o;''/f .' ' • n-d it rnv- ''; ■. , .. 
 
 diflfictiU than the i- •; and tabic; ir, c. nfains •■; , tiuirtoota or v 
 
 plural nouns of t «," &c. Mr. Web.^tf-r h.-n- ifnliok Iprters to . 
 
 l*ronunciation of ii.'-i; \Miiil.-;; a:id. what rcn ' ir i.s UrU 
 
 a sreat part of the.^e words is not in the other \ ,'.ii' 'q^ i'^ 
 
 ■Webster's Dictionary, r.'>-.' I -ntly if can' ■' im..-. : , ■',,.'<; 
 
 of three, four and fivr inv.hici nnd?-. ;i; t 
 
 prominent defects in t; licnn. .,- ,- .,, i   ,r^--\ 
 
 notice of hereafter. Tab: ,1^'^ 
 
 peculiar con.sonarit sounds 
 
 a and z sounded like zh : c and : 
 
 and J/ ; c and ,r =oft I'k" ? nnd./ 
 
 and X pronru r 
 
 are not .diet; 
 
 words in wl . /,; .u.d 
 
 s/Landsthe :i tho^Mn 
 
 whichf ha.si ,; , c uml I :)..: 
 
 sound ot nh. i and y (.>l,i,< 
 
 40 ; /tprono";.. . .. . : • .■ .|,.,^ 
 
 those words in wliich c, r n . nij- 
 
 «fi, table 39 ; yet all the for: ..[- ,;jj^. 
 
 teen •' Eianip'ci nf rh/- t:.r. .. (7 j^j'^ 
 
 ■Wet)5ier has 2iven neither . ! ,,'/,o: 
 
 more th:m one half of these wc. 
 
 learned from this hook. At the 
 
 Vharlatown, and Gtorse^'nin. i. uni x.fjsc eg •.c'ljijv.iiia 'vviai, \>-..y a.c ud :.mi»^,j:j.^ p. u, ^;d Jn.msiQun, i> 
 
 ar 
 111 
 
 re
 
 B WEBSTER'S AMERICAN SPELLFNG-BOOK. 
 
 130, (and a nvimber of similar words in the other lessons,) also called compound words, and classed with these * 
 Tables 48, 49, 50 and 51, comprising 29 pages, contain the names of persons, places, rivers, lakes, &c. All of thesa 
 words are here given without any classilication, relative to the vowel or consonant sounds ; and neither rules nor 
 figures are given to denote their pronunciation. This defect in the classification and pronunciation of this large 
 number of words, has caused great diversity in their pronunciation among teachers, and has greatly embarrassed 
 them and their pupils. Thus we shall find, on examination, that of the lessons intended for spellins, furti/ pages 
 contain words, to represent the pronunciation of which, Mr. Webster has not given any classification, figure or 
 rules. Many of these words are spelled diflercntly from the Gcograpliics, Gazetteers, and Histories of the present 
 cay, as it seems evident that Mr. Webster has not paid much aiceuUon to liieir correction since he first published his 
 «pelUng-bool£ i 
 
 ORTHOGRAPHY. 
 
 1 shall now take notice of the orthography of Mr. Webster's Spelling-Book ; particularly as it regards a compar{. 
 sou of it witli INIr. Webster's Dictionaries, published in isOGand 1SI7, and Dilwortli's Spelling-Bcok. As Mr. Web- 
 ster has not, in his Spelling-Book, professed to follow any particular Standard, but has publi.^hed a dicti'marv' him- 
 self since the first publicatfon of his spelling-book, to the orthography of which we might reasonably expect him to 
 conform his spelling- boolc ; it will not, I presume, be considered injustice in me to show wherein the orthography 
 of his spelling-book and dictionary is at variance ; and also to show that much of this erroneous spelling was 
 evidently copied by Mr. Webster from Dilworth's spelling-book, as many of these words are spelled ui Webster's 
 spelling book as they are in Dilworth's. contrary to Webster's dictionary. About twenty years or more after the 
 first publication of his spelling-book, Mr. Webster published "A compendious Dictionary of the English Language." 
 This was in the year 1S06. In the year 1817, Mr. Webster published •' A Dictionary of the Engli,>.h"^Lanimage ; com- 
 piled for tlie use of Common Schools in the United States." With these two dictionaries I have compared his spcl- 
 Jinj^-book, and have found the following words spelled differently. The wonis in italicks are spelled in Dilworth's 
 as m Webster's spelling-book, contrary to both of the editions of Webster's dictionary refened to. As, trissvllable 
 p. 10 i chace p. 18 ; di/er,jul^p p. 21 ; faggot, hansel, pcnncl, sadler, sallad p. 22 ; taller, jockij. spinet p. 23 : intpals 
 p. 24; offence, subtract \). 25; ecstacy p. 26 ; empannel p. 28 ; epittime p. 30 ; apo.siacy p. 'si ; calimamo \\. Zi ; 
 balsc, maize p. 33 ; doat, holme, show, sluice p. 35 ; clench, niche, rince, boult, moult, cnniib p. 36; stiiunch, laste, 
 swash, fosse, inosr^ue, launch, scoat p.33 ; bourn, ousc, croup, ton p.39: ronl, grci/, skein, streight, sponec p.40; thowl, 
 ihwak, loth p. 41 ; meethe, though, seethe j). 42 ; woo p. 44 ; gnonian or g)iomon, heinous, ancle p. 46 ; hin- 
 drance, phrenzy p. 47; satchel, cobler, frolic, goslui p. 48; hulloe, verjuice p. 49 ; finesse, quadrille p. 52: vulture, 
 Straight p. 56: enwrap p. 5S; cimet;\r, definite p. 59; epaulette, hypocrite, jessamine, libertine, nnckerel, paioxism 
 p. 60 ; almanac, quarantine, ro(iuciaur p. 61 ; achievment p. 63 ; malecor^tent p. 64 : catastrophe, parishioner, ai)OS- 
 trophc, chnse p. 67; vergaloop. 70 ; commemmonuion p. 75 ; encumber, thresli p. 77 ; benumb p. 78 and 167 ; en- 
 snare, suitor, tipler p. 81 ; abscision p. S4 ; negociate p. 86 ; noviciate p. 88 ; laquey p. 89 ; behaviour, connexion 
 punctillio p. 91 ; enthral, etheriid p. 93 ; burthen, lother, carcase p. 94 ; cholic, alchymy, chamelion, chaiibeate p. 95 
 bombasin, buccinier p. 97 ; twigsin, noiriren, bigsenp. 99; imagin-? p. lOl ; whurr p. 102; bailor, piiyor, methoa- 
 Ize p. 109 ; batteau, women p. 1I2 ; avoirdupois p. 113 : bas3 {a long) p. 145 ; fe.llon p. 146 ; seignor, shoar, vise, 
 fcite p. 113 ; seii. stile p. 150 ; n.olasses, cyder p. 154 ; beach (a tree) p. 155 ; recompencep. I60, &c. 
 
 In addition to the above, there is ;i num.ber of words which are spelled ditferenily in the dilTercnt lessons of Web- 
 ster's spelling-book, and are spelled in one manner only in his tlictionarj* , as. piisre 13, dote 35 doat, p;ise IS. chace 
 100 chase, p;ige 19, rinse 36 rince, page 20, wo 44 woe, page 21, brier 92 bri;ir, p;»ce 33, m;uze 155 m;uz, p;ige40, streight, 
 page 56, sirai'irht, p;i2es 39, 50, 51, choose, 67, 69. chuse. page 48, frolic 107 frolick, page 91, connexion' 96 connection, 
 page PI. seiffhior 148~selgnor, which is, undoubtedly, a very great defect. 
 
 I think ItVill appear evident to every person on the perusal of the precedins comparison, that the orthography of 
 Mr. Webster's spelling book is very defective, and that rilr. Webster hus net paid that attention to t!ie improvenierM 
 and correction of ins Ijook, which ne ought, considering the extensive I'.atror.age he has received from U»e Amencai" 
 publick. 
 
 Mr. Webster, in the preface prefixed to his dictionary, published m 1817. observed, " It is very desirable that a 
 uniform orthography m;iy prevail among the citizens of the United States. This c;ui never be the Ciise while ihey 
 use a v;irietv of English bcKiks, which do not agree in spelling ;" yet the dictionary, to which these remarks are pre- 
 flxL J, disagrees with his spelling-book, which was revised -aixA published the sainc year, (1817.) in the orthography 
 of all the words noted above ! and the same words were also contradictory in tlie diciionary publish.cd by him in 
 1806, and his sprlline-book then in use : and farther, his dictionary jiublished in 1817 differs in orthography from 
 the one he published in IS06. as much as any two English dictionaries extant. 
 
 It is certainly of the utmost importnnc* that correct or unifonn orthography should exist in the syjelliner-bopk and 
 dictionary, for the habits of spelling which we acquire from them remain with us through life. This is' so evidently 
 a fact th:\t hv observation we sh;ill find that the wonls, which are spelled in Webster's spelling-book, contrary to 
 Webster's dictionary, or those of Johnson and Walker, are spelled in this erroneous manner, iiot only in most of 
 the newspapers of the day, but in map.3' of the writings of our most distinguished scholars and statesmen, who ob- 
 tained their first knowledge of these words from Mr. Wolister's book. 
 
 I sh:dl now give an e.viiosition of the contradictory orthographyofthe two editions of his dictionarj-. published in IS.16 
 and 1817 ; but as the hmits of this review will not permit me to show all of this class^ I shall confine the exposition 
 prlncipallv to the words which are contained in his s-peillng-book, for the two following re;isons : First ; many of 
 these words were spelled in his dictionary (of 18O6) as they were in the spelling-book, differently from the dictiona- 
 ry published in 1817. and the others agreeably to it ; so th;tt in his dictiouar>' published in 1817, these woras which 
 agreed with his spelling-book, in his dictionaiy (1806) are changed, and dif^agree w'lXh it ; and those which disagreed 
 with his spclling-book,"in his dictionary (I8O6) are al.so changed, and agree with it, while the orthogranhy of his 
 sijelling-book has remained the s:ime; during the countcrrevolittinti of it in his two dictionaries alluded to r 
 StcondTv ; some of these words agne with. Walker's ortliOgraphy in Webster's dictionary published in I8O6, and 
 others with that of 1817. In almost every Ciise. in which lic disagrees in his spelling hook with his dictionaries, and 
 agi-ees with Dilworth's spell ing-lvxk, and in which he disagreis In his dictionary, isi7, with that of isos, he agrees 
 with Walker! whose orwir):?™/)/!?' and protiunciation he h;is treated with contempt whenever he has spoken of 
 them ' [Sec the preface to his diclionarj'. published in ISC6, p.".go 11 ; and his appeal " To the -ptillick," published at 
 New Haven. March, 1826.) 
 
 The fo'lowing words form a part of this class ; the first spelling of the word is agreeably to the edition of the di> 
 tlonarv, ISO6; "and the latter, that of 1817: abatable, abatcahle: abridgment, abridgement; acknowledgment, ac- 
 knowledgement ; aiddecamp, aldecainp ; allege, allegcahle, alleged, alledge, alledgeable, alledged ; appnsit, apposltlv 
 apposltness, apiiosite, appositely, anpositeness ; ;i.<signer, assignor; blamable, blamableness, blamably, blinncahle 
 blameableness, hlameably; brimful, brimfull ; buccaneer, bucanneor; callico, calico; corselet, corslet: creiruscle. 
 crepu«cule (differentiv pronounced also;) crossexamin, cro.<^examine; curvilinear, curvillinear; determin, de- 
 termine; di.'=ciplin, discipline; enrolment, enrollment ; cntei-prise, enterprize; envelope, envelop; examin, exa- 
 mln"^; handfull handful; havock, havoc ; headach, hc;ulacl.e; heartach. heartache* jewellery, jewelry ; mcdicin, 
 medicine; opposit. opposite; perquisit, perquisUe; pnemnjitic.-;, pnumatics ; prophesy (noun,) prophecy; redout, 
 r«iloutable, redoubt, redoubtable ; re<iuisit, requtsitly, requisitness, requisite, requisitely, requisiteness ; sepulcher, 
 Bopulchrc; tenon, tennon ; unblamable, unblameable ; windlas, windlass; woollen, woolen: wool line.^s. wool iness, 
 Ac &c. As the preceding words, when used by Mr. Webster in defining other words in the same dictionarv, are 
 spelled as they are wlicre their .accent and definition are given, he cannot with projiriety ilenominate them errours 
 CI accident or of the primers: for instimce ; diction:iry 1SC6, Argument, reii^on alleged; 1SI7, reason cllcdstcd; 
 1806 Ciuivars, \o examin. \^17 lo exa?ni ne : 1806. Consider, to eramm, 1817, to examine; \S06, DettcUvc, blaniablc, 
 1517 hUitneahle; i!*06. Medicate, to tincture with medicins, 1817, to tincture with medicines, &c. 
 
 I have l)eforc referred to Mr. Webster's remiirks in the prcfac<; to his dictionary, (1^C6, p:igc 8,) relative to the " pal- 
 pable absurdities and prejwsterous anomalies" in other dictionaries : but l presume ever>- candid re;ulcr will admit, 
 after having examined the following expiwltion, and wh:it has already l)een shown of his orthography, that the pre- 
 ceding ve^-y mild remark is as justly appliaible to Mr. Webster's orthogrdphy, as to that of any other author: As, 
 In his dictfonao' (1806) he omitted the nnal e in the terminations im and ite unaccented ; thus, in doctrln. deter- 
 min, mcllcln, quarantin, iessamin, libertin, examin, deposit, hypocrit. apposit, opposit, reposil, requisit, iierquisit; 
 and retained it in the same termination in exquisite, favorite, and infinite; And in his dictionary (1817) ho 
 kas reL7inpd the e in the last thrte noted above, and inserted it In doctrine, determine, medicine, examine, appo> 
 Ate. qppositr, <>«niui9K«, attd lequiiiiiti, ia wU«b U Yi'U fio; lA U.« dlcUouu'y (liio^ t H« hae> Jock;y with ey, asd
 
 WEBSTER'S AMERICAN SPELLING-BOOK. 38 
 
 tatlcy with y only ! cloke with ofc«, and oak and soak with oa ! tranquillity with II, and intranquilify with one /.' 
 and in his dictionary (1817) he has apiiO.-ite and requisite with final e, .md jirc-roquisit and innpposit without lit 
 ahateahle with e alter t, and delwUibie without it ! &c. and yet in all nt the al)Ove ra:jes, in whicli Mr. Webster's or- 
 thograiihy is neither consistent nor uniform, Johnson and Walker observe both consistency and uniibmnty. 
 
 In view ot the expositions I liave made, 1 |)re>uine every iiers(m will perfectly :i£,'rf'e with INlr. Webster in his 
 (Statement in the pieiace to his dictionary, that •' the more books me mmte, the more the hoiicst infiuirer will be per- 
 plexed and confounded with discordani princiiJles," when he has published two dictionaries which do not agree 
 wiUi each other, and both disagree wi:h his speiling-book i 
 
 PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 I shall now take notice of Mr. Webster's " ANALYSIS OF SOUNDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE," prefixed td 
 his s})eains.'-book ; and sh;ill jiDint out wh.^t 1 consider de/ccf ire in this " Amilysis." 
 
 Mr. Web.^ter ha.-, in his Analysi.<, •jiven a very useful explanation of the word LANGUAGE ; has piven verj' ex- 
 plicit definitions of an articulate sound, a vou-d, a cunsoiiant, and of a diphtfionff ; yet none of these were takeu 
 notice of by Mr. Dilworlb. except the v'»i-cIa<m\ cou<io7iaut. 
 
 Mr. nil'.vorth, in notin.!^ the voirel :;ouiuls, lias given loiijj (a) as in cnpe, short (a) as in cnp. broad (a) as in hall ; 
 but not the sound of a in vviiat, &c. ; loii^ (e) as in mete, short (e) as in met . Imi',' (i) as in lime, short (i) as in tin { 
 long (o) as in note, sliort (o) aa in not ; bid not the sound of o in move, &c. ; long'(uj as in time, slmrt (u) as In tunj 
 but not the sound of u in bu.sh, &c. : all of these evident defects Mr. Webster D)rrected. In iu;tins the sounds of th« 
 consonants. Mr. Dilworth was eQually defective ; for instance, he has not noted that c has the sound of sfi ; that t 
 is a consonant in many words, as in bullion, &c. ; that s has the sound of sA.or zh; or th.it x has tiie sound of yr In 
 many won'.s. These defects are also in part conccted by Mr. Webster. 
 
 'Mr Webster lias not inft-rme J us at all in ids Analysis of the sounds of the vowels, that many of the above vowel 
 sounds are represented by diftereiit letters, although in his sijelling lessons he has figures to represent iheni ; as, 
 long a is represented by e. in there ; long e by 2 in shire ; short m by e in her, i in third, o In worm, &c. : yet Mr. 
 Dilwortli toiik notice of all these in their proper place. 
 
 In Mr. Webs;cr's Analysis of the suun.is of the consonants, he has told us thnt some of the consonants are silent, 
 yet there are other consonants which are silent, respecting tlie silence of which he has said nothing ; aeain, he has 
 told us that s 'ine of the consonants are 7ifvcr silent, yet there are others which are never silint also, of which he 
 has said nothing. This I presume will be considered a very great defect ; for the scholar would sujipose, (and rea- 
 sonably,) that as he has sijokcn of the silence of some of the consonants, he had noted all which are silera in his 
 spelling lessons ; yet this is not the case. 
 
 He says ' B has but one sound, its in bite." He has not told us that it is silent before t in the same syllablp, as In 
 deb:or, page 47, subtle, page 48 ; after m in the same syllable in many words, as in limb, jamb, dimib, &c page 36. bi 
 that it IS ever silent. " C is always soiindeil like fc ur s— like k before a, o, and w— and like s before e. i, and y." 
 Here we are told that c is aiicai/s sounded like k or s, hut he has not informed us which of these sounds c has bis- 
 fore /, r, and t, as cloth, cramp, tract, yet M r. Dilworth has told us w hich of these sounds c has before / and r lf"C 
 is always sounded like k or s," how would Mr. Webster pronounce s.»crifice, snlhce, and discern, with their deriv- 
 atives? Certainly .*acrifi.■^e, suffi.se, dissern; but he h:is not pronounced them at all, either in his spelling book or 
 dictionary. A£ain, in speaking of C, he says, " When followed by i or e hefcre a vowel, the syllable slides into the 
 Sound o{ sh ; as in cetaceous, giacious. social, which are pronounced ceiashus, grashus, soshal." Nov/, I wruld ask 
 whether the syllable hits the sound of sh in these words, or has c or ci this sound '.' To this question we shall find 
 nn answer in his examples over Taljle 34, where he says, " Words in which tie, sie, and tie. are pronounced she. ; 
 tia and cia, sha, &c.'' Here he does not my that the whole syiiable, cient.sient. tient, tiul. liatc, cial, or ciate, slides 
 Into the sound o(sh : He says, " At the end of words it (c) is always hard like k, as in public" But he has not in- 
 formed us whether it should be sounded like k or s at the end of a syllable, as vaccine, flaccid, siccity, &c. He has 
 not told us tr at c is silent in c/.ar, p. 38, in victuals, p. 48. in indict, p. 5-^, &c. or that it is ever silpnt. " D has only 
 one sound, as in dress, bold." As Mr. Webster ha.s not eiven any rules for the pronunciation r>i the termination eu 
 we must not, .agreeably to the above rule, ev(/r pronounce d like t in this termination, as at (ached, passed, fa-ced' 
 &c. &c. nut at-tatsht. patf, fasto, &c. He h.is not told us tliat d is silent in the first sy liable of stadthoider, p. 61, iri 
 Wednesday, ifec. or that it is ever silent. " F has its own proper sound, as in life, fe»vr. except in of, where it hcis 
 the S'^und of i'." This letter is not silent in his spelling lessons, yet he has not sfated it. " G belore a, o. and u, 
 has it.' hard sound, as in gave, go, gun. Belore e. i, and y, it has the same hard «"Und in some words, and in others 
 the sound of>." But he has not informed us whether fr should have the soun > of j before / and r,oi its hard srund, 
 as in glove, grain, &c. He has not told us that g is silent bcfoie n in tlio --vune syllable, as in soveieimi, p. 49, in 
 arraign, and assign, p. 51, in benisn, condign, design, &c. p. 52, or that •- '•'' ever silent. In sj)eaking of H he savs, 
 '• H can hardly be said to have any s.Ainci, but it denotes an aspira'-"" ''r impulse of breath, which modiiies the 
 sound of the following vowel, as in heart, heave." He hit-s not told I's that li is sih nt alter » , as in rli( mb, p. .40, &c. 
 " J is the mark <if a compound sound, or union of .sounds, wiiich "lay be represented by dzh. or the soft g-, •^s in jelly " 
 J is never silent, yet he has not slated it. " K has but one ."^und. as in king: and before n is alwavs silent as in 
 know." Thus we see that on the same principle that k i- silent before «, g is silent ; yet Mr. WebVter noted one 
 and not the other. " L has but one .sound, as in lame, it is sdent lietore k, as in walk." L is also silent before/ 
 In h.alf and ralf, p. 3"?, and before v in o'.ve, halve, &c., before m in balm, calm. &c. p. 37, before d in u uld, wmilrf' 
 &c. n. 39 ; yet Mr. Webster has not noted one of f.'iese. " M has but one s< und, as in man ; and is never silent '• 
 " N has but one .sound, as in not, and is silent after m, .as in hymn." Acreeably to rhis rule we must pronounce 
 th;uik. think, as if written tlian-k, think, &r., instead of soundin:.' tlie n like n^. as if written thar.gk, thinek Ac. 
 This latter pronunciation is the ccneral anu" natural sound of the letter n when icllowed by k, or its representatives 
 hard c, q, or x, in an accented svllable : and I dcubt not at all that y\r. Webster hiiii.jeif, in prrnouncing the words 
 of this class, gives n the latter pronurciation. .Mr. Webiier has indirectly admitted this sound of n in the pronun- 
 ciation of the 12 words at the clo.^e of Table 40, over which he says. '■ the tollowiniz are pronounced as thr ugh they 
 were written with double .5-." On ex.ui.jnatlon we shall find ihal this double g is produced bv the combination of 
 the letters n and g, as n boin'.' in an acrt-nrod syllable followed by g hard, it has the sound ot usr ;' and g never having 
 this double sound when written si iwr!y, e.\cept when preceded by w in an accented syllable, most cUarly proves 
 that the first sound of s' is produced by the ?/; consequently the words in which n is in ah accented svllable followed 
 by ihe letter 1-, And its rcpvpsfy'atives, (which are inittural sounds as well as hard g ) should be classed as much as 
 the 12 words at the close of T.iblc 40, and for the same reason. He has not told us that n is also silent after / at tlie 
 end of a word, as kiln. \). 146, tirickkilii, p. 46, &c., neither has he told us In wh.it situation n is silent after m, 
 whether at Ihe end or midflle of a word, or in both situations. This distinction is of much importance; for, ai- 
 thou::h n is silent after m at the end of the words auiuinn, condemn, &c. it is not silent at tei win the middle of the 
 words aufunmal. condrmnaliou, &c. 
 
 " P has one nniform .<!Ound, as in pit." He has not told us that p is sile»t before s at the beirinnine of a word 
 as in p.salm, p. 37. Ix'tween wj and t, as in tempter, p 48, in pre empiion, redemption, &c. p. 74, Ijefore n in preumat- 
 ics, p. 63, <Src. or that it is ever silent. " Q has the power ol A-, and is always lollowed by u as in que.stlon." This 
 letter is never silent, yet he has not stated it. "TJh.isone .sound only as in Ixirrel." This letter is not silent m 
 his siielling lessons, yet he has not stated it. "S" has the sound off. as in so; of z, as in rose." As c has two 
 sounds, that of/,- and off, how are we to know from the above rule, v hich sound off, 5 should have in this word? 
 In speaking of « he snvs. 'when followed by / iirccedins a vowel. Ihe .syllable has the sound of «/i as In mission; 
 of z/j as in osier." The in/ltalile—ls it not .-surprising that Mr. Web^fler should stale that the syllable. inst;-ail of 
 « or si. has the sound ofsh or zh l And what renders It still more surprising is, that he has stated on the f;rsi page 
 of his analysis, that " tlipre if, also a (li^tincl sounil expressed by iig as In loriir ; and anothrrby «or r, as ni fusion, 
 azure, which sound might b*^' represented bv zh.* Here ho states that the distinct souml of z/i is represented by m^ 
 inst«'ad of a ti-h')l- syllable. A'.rain, he says! Table 33, " in the tollowine words*/ sound like th;" ar^l in this table 
 we find o«(Vr and/»?w?, the sani" wor<ls given In the preceding examples. Thus, we have i'l Mr. Webster's 
 sptlline-bonlf, three rules relative to the sound of ;/», not two of winch agree '. First, the sound ofzh is expnssed by 
 a, in fusion : secondly, the .ti/llai le has the sound ofzh : thirdly, si have the sound of zh .' And farther, he has nof 
 informed us when wo must pronounce .» like sh. or when like zh; nor has he toUI the reason for pronouncing « 
 likesA in mission, and like zh in osier; that sshould be sounded like sh when followed by i and a vo>*el, ami is 
 preceded by a consonant, and is like zh when followed as above, and preceded by a vowel ; neither has he told us 
 that s eve» h:».s the sound of zh when followed bv w, although in his table 33, over which he has, " in the following 
 words, si sound like efi," he hfts inserted Mx wordjs in which s is followed by u! Again, he has noi told us that c
 
 34 WEBSTER'S AMERICAN SPELLING-BOOK. 
 
 ever has tV 'Otind of sTi. when rvilo-vvod bj- lon;^ 2< and prccedod by Ihc accent, as in censure, fren3ua!,&<. fit 
 has not told us that s i* silent in isle, idand, vlscc/unt, &c. ;i 112, or ihiat it is ever si]«nt " T has its proper sonn4. 
 as in turn at the Lies-inning of words and end of syllaijlcs. In all the terminations in tion, and tial, ti have the 
 sound ofsh, as in nation, nuptial ; except when pre.:;<?dod by s or x. in which casee they have the sound of ch, as is 
 question, mixtion." Thus we shall find, on examination, that in givin.cr the sounds of «/i, which are expressed by 
 c s and i, he has crivcn tho rule in different terms ; as, in siTeakin<r of c, the -lyUablc slides mto tiie sound of ah, of #, 
 the syllabic lim the sound of sA, and here of t, he says, ti liave the sound of sh ; and farther, in noting these sound* 
 he has not fold the reason whv c, s, and t, h:\ve the sound oish ; which is. that they are followed by a diphthong 
 anil preceded by the accent. He has not told us that t is silent in chasten and glisten, p. 47, in mortgage, p. it. In 
 eclat, p. 5-2. &c. or that it is ever silent." " V has uniformly one sound, as in voice. live, and is never silent" How 
 then shall v/e pronounce ncvz-ani^ht, p. 48, in which v\i in italic;-;, and consequently silent, .igreeably to Mr. 
 Webster's mles relative to ifalick letter.^ in his spcllinjr lessons ? '■ W has the power of a vowel, as in dwell ; or a con- 
 sonant, as in well, will." He has not t i!d us that it is silent before r, as in wry and wright, p. 34, In wrap, wreck, 
 wrench, p. 36, &c. &c. or that it is ever silenu 
 
 " X has the sound of ks as in wax ; or of gz. as in exist, and in other words, when followed by an accented syl* 
 l.able besrinnin:: with a vowel. In the hc!,'innin? of Greek names, it ha.s the sound of z, as in Xerxes, Xenophon." 
 This is the only instance in Mr. Webster's Analysis in which he has admitted, either directly or indirectly, that any 
 consonant has its siund varied fi-om bein-.^ in an accented or unaccented syllable, preceded or followed by a 
 vowel ! I cannot conceive why Mr. Webster has omitted to take notice of the influence of accent when treating of 
 tlie ditTerent sounds of the o'hh- consonants ; for. the same principle of analogy which would lead him to note the 
 accent v/hen trciitins of x, would have dictated to him the propriety of takin? accent into tlie account when treating 
 of the sound ot sh, represented by c, s or t, as in 4,'racious. pension, action ; oitsh represented byr, as in question, 
 &c. ; or of zh, represoiued by s, asin vision, &c. If. acreeably to the above rule, x ha.s the " sound oi gz, as m exiit, 
 and in other wonls, when followed bv an accented syllable beginning with a vowel," in all cases (and Mr. Webster 
 lias not nored any exceptions,) iiow shall we pronounce doxoloiry, proximity, fixation, relaxation, taxation, vexation, 
 &c. ? Certainly ; do;;-zolozy, pro^-zimity, ti2f-zation, retajr-zation, tag-zation, veg-zation, &c. : ai "z is followed by 
 an accented syllable beginning with a vowel" in these words. Acrain, Mr. Webster has not, in the precedine rule, 
 told us that .-r should have the .sound of jg-^ when followed by an accented syllable bcjiinning with /», although he 
 has inserted the words fj;haust and exhort, in table n. over which he h^, " In the following, with their compotindl 
 and derivatives, i: is prononuceil like g-::." " Z has its own sound usually, as in zeal, freeze." Mr. Webster has 
 not informed us that z ever has the sound of z/? ; but he has inserted the words glazier, seizure, and azurs, in table 
 33, over which he has, "In the followin-r word.?, <t; sound like ?/(".' Although there is no H in the alx)ve words, 
 yet as there is the sound of ?;? inever>- other v.-ord in this table. (33,) wc may reasonably swvpose that Mr. Webster 
 intended the z to be sounded like zh, hitwithstanding he has not informed us in table 33, or when treating of tho 
 letter 2. that it ever has this sound. " Ch have the sound of tsh in words of English origin, as in chip— in some 
 words of French oriirinal thev have the sound of sh, as in machine— and in some words of Greek origin, the sound 
 ot fe, as in chorus." He has hot told us that ch is silent in schism, p. .-50, yacht, p. 38, or that it is ever silent. "CWl 
 have the sound off, as in laugh, or are silent, as in li^lit." He h?s not told us that gh is pronounced liko fc, in 
 housh, lousrh. shouih, (see Webster's Dictionnry) : that the h only is silent in some words, as in ghost, p. S5, gherkin, 
 p. 99. " Ph have the sound of/, as in philosophy ; except in Stephen, v.'here it has the sound of v" He has not 
 told us th.at ph is silent in phthisic, p. 47. or that it is ever silent. " Sh has one sound only, as in .shell ; but its use is 
 often supplied bv ti. ci. and re, before a vowel, as in motion, gracious, cetaceous." Here he has stated that the uso 
 3f 8h is often supplied by ti. ci and ce. but has omitted to mention si also. Again, in the above rule, he says that the 
 use oUh is often supplied by ci nd ct : but in treating of the letter C, he states that th.e s^jllablc slides into the 
 sound olsh. •' Tic has two sounds, aspirate and vocal— afi-i rate, as in think, bath— vocal, a.s in those, that, bathe." 
 He has not told us that h, in this combination, is silent in asthma, p. 46, in isthmus and phthisic, p. 47, m thyrae^ 
 &c. : or that it is ever silent. " ,*?c before n, o. it and r. arc pronounced like sk. as in scale, scotf, sculpture, scribble 
 before e, i, y. liks soft c. or s, a? in scene, science, Scythian." He hr.s not told us that sc has the sound of sh, ax in 
 tonscience, conscious, &c. : yer Y^e has these words ia' table 34, in which c, s and t have the sound of sh. After 
 these rules, Mr. Webster has ixiven rx;nci.=-c c.xpianiitions of the "Formation of Words and Sentences," and " Ot 
 Accent. Emnhasis and Caaance.'" Then follows his " Kev to the following Work." In which he has given examples 
 of the different vov.-el sounds, as represented l>y ./;:r!f'r.''s plain! over the vowels of the accented syllables in his 
 spelling lessons, the rcpresmtarion of which he has explained in his " Explanation of the Key. A figure stands as 
 the invariable reprosentative "1 a crrtrun .'iound. The figure 1 represents the long sound of the letters, a, e, i, v, u, 
 or CIV, ;ind y ; number 2 the short soitTvd of the same cliaracters ; number 3 marks the sound of broad a. in hall; 
 number 4 represents the sound of ainjKihcr ; luinibcr .5 represents tlie short sound of broad a as in vot, what ; 
 number 6 represents the sound of o \n moire, <;o\-aTc\on\r expressed by oo : number 7 represents the short sound of 
 00 in root, bifn; number S represents the souita of u short, made by c, i and o, as in ficr, bird, corite, pronounced 
 hur. hurd, cum ; number 9 represents the first stajnd of a, made by «, as in there, rein, pronounc€il thare, vane: 
 number lo represents the French sound of i, which >* ti.e same as e long." Thi.s representation of the vowel sounds 
 bv figures was. unquestionablv. a .crreat improvement t^jon Mr. Dilworth'i? Spelling-book, in which, as w.as stated 
 oh i).age 33, thevowel sounds were not classed or noted, in the application of these fisrurcs in the various spelling 
 lessons, the vowels are classed whose sounds arc of the &vme quantity -. as loner a. e, i, o, &c. under number 1 ; 
 short a, e, ^, &c. under number 2; or those whose sounds ai> similar, as her, b rd, come. Sic. under 8, in which 
 the vowels e. i. and o represent the sound of short u. &c. <fcc. ; and " a fisnre placed over the first word, marks the 
 jound of thevowel in all that follow in that column, until contradVitedbv another figure." As Mr. Webster has 
 given a " Kev to the followinix Work," and has stated that " a figure sijjid's as the invariable represenuativc of a 
 certain sound," we mi^rht reasonably suppose that his key would be sufficientlv extensive to represent all the 
 . vowel sounds made bj' different letters, acknowledged by him in his spelhng lessons; and that no figure should 
 be placed over a vowel in his lessons which is not represented in his key, or in the explanation of its use and 
 application or which docs not correspond with its rer.resentaiion in the kev : vet his kev is defective in both of the 
 above particulars. For instance, on page 39. he has the following note ; "Under this figure, (reference to figure 2) 
 in the words skirt, izc. i has H.c second wind of e.'' On this pa^'o (39) arc the v.-ords skirt, dirge, virge, firm, stirp, 
 chirp quirk and fir, p. 41. birth, eirth, mirth. <fcc. p. 49. virtue, page 52, affirm, p. 02, firmament, &c. with f under figure 
 2 and if we follow Mr. Webster's irule. that "n^tigurc stands a- the invariable representative of a certain sound," the 
 i' must at least in the above words not on page 39, liave if.=; short sound .as in pi'/, agreeably to his key! If he 
 should say that the note on page 39. was ♦itrnded to apjily 'o all of the words in which i isunder 2, near the close of 
 the different spelling les.sons, then I would inquire, whether he intended to give i the sound of second e, in the 
 word princip'e, p. 61, and in -miracle, p. C2, v/hich are in the same predicament with the words above noted ; If he 
 did not intend that sound, then who can avoid admittin.T the imiierfcction of Mr. Webster's key, or Its improper 
 application ' It is also quite singul.ar that he har; given this " sound of .second e" to many words, and the sound of 
 u short to others of like formation, hoti-! of which should evidently be srunded alike ; as p. 39. virge, (verge,) n. 
 49 virs^in (vur^in,) p. 40 and 99, girt (gurt,) p. ■\\.g'irt}i, (gertli.) &c. Mr. Webster has,ator near the close of nearly 
 all of his spelling lessons, given a class of words in which fhas ito short sound, and over which is placed number 
 2. If he intended to class tho.se v.-ords only, in which e is immediately followed by rand another consonant In an 
 accented svUable, for the purpose of pointing out in a particular ma.nner the correct pronunciation of e in this sit- 
 uaUnn, as it was formerlv sounded like fiat c In these words ; as mercy (marc;-,) perfect (parfect,) nierOiant (mar- 
 chamj &c. &c. : why did be insert words in these classes in which c is not followed by r in an accented syllable, 
 as venom, p. 23, intend, p. 2.'5, regulate, p. 27, overwhelming, p. 32, effeminacy, in\'cteracy, intemperately,p. 69? If 
 he did not intend to note the.sc words in a particular manner, as stated above, then these words above referred to, 
 should be m the first class of words, in each lesson, which are plaped under fi.Ture 2 ; in either case, there is an evi- 
 dent defect in the application of the figure, or in the cla.ssification of the words. Kc say.s, " The number i repre- 
 sents the Ions styjnd of the letters a. e, i, o, u, or en>. and y : number 2. the short sound of the same characters ;" 
 yet he has not given any example in his kev in which cip or o is placed under figure 2 ; neither Is cw under 2 in 
 any instance in his Rpellin;: lessons, nor o but in the two words dot'i, p. 4!, and acknoicledge, p. 63 ! He has given 
 ihe word tun in his key, to represent the sound of ti. short with fiijurc 2 over It ' and on p:ige 40 he has spelled it 
 ton with figure 8 over it ; and it is spelled tun in his dictionary published in 1806 and 1817. " He .says, "number « 
 represents the sound of o in move," and on p. C3, he has maneuver with u under 6, .alfhousrh he has no example 
 in his key to shov/ that « ever has this sound. He says, " numlMirS represents the sound of « short m.ode by e, i, 
 and 0," yet he has run. p. 39, and dunre., p. 40, with the u under 8. instead of placinc them urder 2 ! 
 Great perplexity and embarrassment frequently arise from the majiner that thes: fuiures arc p'.ified over 'J>»
 
 WEBSTKRS AMERICAN SPELLING-BOOK. t» 
 
 wrwc'iX, bdns oil tlie same t.vpe wlUi 0..e !et!er, It Is auite JliT:cuit for the scholar to cleienj.ino which flgure Is on th« 
 vowel before him ; and \vheii the fipuie i is piace>i ovor ( it is pari;i;ulariy perpleAing lo a young scholar. Tha 
 figures ought, undoubtcJly, to be on a seiiarute typo from the letii'r, whecovsj'r the goundiS of the vowels change, that 
 uiev may be at once distinguistied both by te;u;her and scholar. 
 
 The following: nile of .Air. Webster's Key, which is to denote the silent letters in the spelling lessons by printing 
 them in iia'.ick characters, wai alsoa rcz-j/^rca/improvemeiu. [This hnprovtmen:, hov^ever, was, I believe. origi^ 
 nal in Mr. Perrys .spelling book.,' '• bilent letters are printed in ita'ick characters : ttms. in hea.1, roal, buiUl, peo- 
 ple, fli'/it, the italick letters have no sound." .Mr. Webster has omitted to mte ibc silence of many letters in his 
 spelling lcs.sons, although he has noted the silenc<3 of ."Whers which are eviucniiy of the same class, as will be 
 fully shown. " S whiu printed in italick, is not siient ; but pronraincc.l liKC z as in lUvv'e, pronounced 
 devize." If » should be pronounced like ^, when printed in italick, why is it in italick in table ihirtv-three. in 
 which it is sounded like zn .' 'J'heio is evidently a contradiction between the rule quoted above, and the rule and 
 examijles placed over the table tliir'y-three; for if v/e follow the above rule, we must pronounce the « like z in table 
 33, as mezur, plezur, ra-zur, &.c. &c. ; and if the rule over the table, rnezh-ur, ple/.h ur, ra zhur, &c. &.c. A::ain, 
 if « should be pronounced like z when in italick, iiow shall wu pronounce Rhotie Island, p. l*2i ; I«leoburg, ji. 130 j 
 Carllfle, p. 133 ; I-ong-l«iand, p. 139 ; Presque-Isle, p. 140, In which the s is in italick 1 The rales respecting ch aud 
 th as it regards their classification, were treated of on page 32. 
 
 With regard to what I shall deem ca7ir/a{Ztcror2/ pronunciation In this treatise, I will obser^"e, that I apply it t<i those 
 cases whe're IVIr. WeUiter has given a vowel or ojiisonant a particular suund in a certain situation, and has siven 
 the same vowel or consonant a different soiiml in a «/«2 tor situation ; or wl.ere lie has a vowel or conjommt silent 
 In a certain .situation, and riot silent in a similar one. For instance, he has a. in the termination ant, under figure 
 S, short a in plant, p. 19 ; and under 4, flat n, in the same termination, in pant, grant, &c. p. 38 ; o under 5, broaa a 
 short, in drossy, p. 23; and under 3, broad a long, in the same syllable dros.s, p. zi; a under 2, short a, in the 
 termination aiiifc, in arrange and derange, p. 24rand under 1, long rt, in ilie same-tenuination in change and 
 Btrange, p. 33 -, a under 2, short a in the termination aiice, in finance, p. 24 ; and romance, p. 25 ; and under 4, Hat a, 
 in the same termination in dance, prance, &c. p. 38 ; ami advenes, p. 52 ; he has prunounced s like z. in the preli.x 
 dis, in disarm, p. 23 ; but has pronounced the s hissin?. as in sni, in disown, p. 52; although it should be sounded 
 like z, as in disarm, being followed by an accented syllable beginning with a vowel in both cases. He has divided 
 prin-cip-a), p. 26, and prin-ci pal, p. 117; o under 5, broad a short, in immortal, j). 2S ; and under 3, broad a lens, iu 
 mortal, p. 48 ; s like z in dissolvent, p. 23 ; and hissing in indissoivable, p. 72 ; he has no'ed p as nHtiU be'.»vc-en tn 
 And t, and has it in italick in tempter, p. 4^, assumption, consumptidii, pre-emption, redemption, p. 7i. e.\enipt. p. 
 103 ; but has sounded the p in the same situation, and has it in roman in sumptuarj", peremptory, p. 29, attempt, 
 contempt, p. 52; presumptive, p. 63 ; sumptuously, p. 65 ; contemptible, p. 67 ; o under 3, broad a long, in furm, lur. 
 cord, p. 37; ami under 5, broad a short in the same syllables, in iterform-ance, recorder, mis fur-tune, p. 63; 
 forrnid-a-ble, p. 66; u-ni-formi-ty, p. 72; and farther, it is intjiossH>le lo give o the sound of bro;id a sl;on, as in 
 •what, ;U5 represented by figure 5, in these words, as the o is loUowed by r and another cr'n.-;onaiit, and necissarity 
 has the sound of broad a loos, as in lall ; the same may be observed v/ilh regard to o. which l.e lias nmler figure 5, 
 in abhor, p. 25 ; nrnamcnt, i). 27 ; abortive, indorsement, importance, p. 63 ; oichester, j). 95 ; whereas it .she uKI Ije 
 under 3, broad a long, in all of tlie above words, beins followed by /• single, or by r and another cons':iianf. ;is in 
 border, corner, mortal, 6ic. p. 48 ; adorn, su!x>rn, &c. p^oS; deformity, siibo>^'J'n'>ie, &c. p. 67 ; a in wasp and want, 
 under 3, broad a long, p. 37, and under 5, broail a short, in wa.~h, \\-^t< and wand, p. 38 ; o in dios.<. lo.ss, &c. under 
 3, p. 37; and in fosse, under 5, p. SS; a under 5, bread a short, ni tault, p. 29; and under G, bnad « lonir. in ihes;..',.e 
 syllable in fault y, p. 43 ; oo under 7, in loof. p. 39 ; ;""' under 6, in aloof, p. 52. The evideni contiailiction in liia 
 pronunciation of words in which i is followed i>r r single, or by rand another OMi?on;uit,vv-as ttdien nonce ol on pase 
 34 ; as, virge, (verge,) t like n slM)rt, p. [}9i virgin^ (vurgiii,) i like u short, p. 49, &c. He has e and ijh^ih in r. man 
 in the terminatioiify in abbey, p « ; and the i in italick and the j/ only in roin'!.n, in tr.c same tenuiiiaiion, in 
 chimnev, p. 47 ; he ha=; the tainl h both silent in asthma, p. 46, but the h only is silent in isthmus, p. 47 ; he l.asr 
 silent w'hen preceded byaand followed by en, in chasten and eli.sien, p. 47 ; and has sounded it in chri.5ien, p. <)' ij 
 which it is preceded by s and followed by fii, as in the two words above referred to ! On p. 47 is franchise, with il'ie 
 t hissing and the e in italick, making the i short ; p. 63. disfranchi.se, with the s in italick, S'^uml-ed like z. ;ind the e 
 In roman, making the z Ion?; p. 66, disfranchis'^meut with the « italick, sounded like r, and thee in it:ii;ck a'so 
 making the i short, so th.ii the syllable chi^e, being imra'jdiutely preceded by the accent, is pi-oniamced three dirter- 
 «ni ways in tlie three words above noted; thus, tsiii.^, fsiii/.e, andlshiz! Page 47, e in italick and oioinan in Uu.eliCin, 
 and saine page, e in roman and o in italick in puncheon, and i'. 48, truuchccn, pronounced lunclum.iHinchrii. and 
 trunchen ! Page 49, o in fortune, under 3, broad i: long, and e in roman, making the it long ; an i p. 63, o \u mis- 
 fortune, under 5, broad a short, and the « italick, rnaXing the u short, thus, fawr-tune and niis-foi tun ! P;ige 49,1 
 under 5, in knowlcdije, and under 2 in the same syl.able, in acknowledge, p. 63 ; p. 52. the final e ,n n man in ap- 
 prove and above, and itaiic4< in disprove and be'ove ; o\'er T;ible 30, he h;is given whole syllables for examph s when 
 speaking of the stiund of txh or sh. as tiort, t'Mn. cicin, cial. iVc. ; and over 'I'able o4, he hits ;rivcn parts of sj Ihibles 
 for examiile-', as a>. sie, iifi, &c. ; )). 9i, the s is not it-tlick in billiards and billion.'!, as it should be agreeably 10 his 
 rule respecting e, for it is imi)ossible to pronounce these words unless we pronounce the v like z. The coiiinidic- 
 lion in his pronunciation of xio like k^hu in anxious, and not in rloxiou, r;u\ion. &c., n. 91, was taken i.oiice o( 
 on page 30. On p. 95, chord is umler 5, broad a ahnil. tuul on p. .;r. corl is under 3, brc:id « Ion;:, an. I on p. 145, he 
 has given them as being pronounced alike, making figures 3 and 5 synonymous in tl.eir repie^ei.tntion '. Piiae 97, 
 « ronian in machine, and italick in m;icinn?-ry ; p. los.^.iree.xiiiiusland exhort, in the former of which h is souii.ic»">, 
 and in the latter it is silent, allhouch h commences .an ;u:c*;ntcd syllable, and is immediaie^y inx-ceded by j in i)oth 
 words. Thus I have given a list of words which 1 conceive to bo pionounced in a contradicti ry Uiarinei in Mr. 
 Webster's spelling lessons. As I intend to compare the principle.^ of pronunciation by J Walker with tluse of 
 Mr. Webster, on some future occasion, 1 shall not briiiJi Uio i..\p»i::y or jUoine.s.* of Wr. Wcbetc;';' printijiles into 
 question until that time. 
 
 As Mr. Wel)?ier ha.s aiven the pronunciation of finr words (except tticir accentuation) in hJs dictionary (I8I7.I we 
 can notdeioct wmnyconiradictionsin pronunciation in his dictionary and .'pc'liug-boik : but I'rom i.'.o lew which he 
 kas pronounced, I presume, had he L'iven the pronunciation in n!i dictionary of all the word.i contained in his 
 spelling book, there would have been the s.ame flippy con^i:,trncy nnd umfnrminj b'jiween the dictionary and 
 fpelling-book in their pronunciation, that tliere is in tlitir orUio'-criphy. which 'a' as r-xi.bited on p.ige Si. For in 
 stance: p. 25, romance is accented on the second syll.xble, :<nd on \\m Jlra'. in the dniionu-y .- simony, i \v.'.f; 
 siin-ony, i short, in the dictionary ; p. 33, beard, e silent and a long. :nid u silent -nd e Ion-.' in Ids dictionary ; p. 37] 
 wasp, broad a long, and broad a short in the dictionaf>- ; p. 46, asthma, ; silent in the sj>elling-booJc. arid Founded in 
 his dictionary ; e italick in brimstone, making' the short, and ronian in the dictionary, makunir the o lomr; p. 4- 
 bustle pronounced busll, t sounde.l, and in his dictionarv pronounced bus.^le, t silent : p. 49, >overciL'n i-ronounced 
 suv-ren, 'wo t vllables. and suv-er un, three syllables, in his dictionary : p 52. upright and y.iotini acoonted on the 
 $ec<md syl'at^, and on the fimt in the dictionary; p. 59. heroism diviilrtl he-ioism. / Ions, and her-oUm, e 
 short, in his dictionary; p. 63, appraisrr, i accented, a (second .'•yllable) ;icr< ntcd in his <iicniiii.Ti> : di-: . ,» 
 
 roman, makiog theilon^', e. italick, making the i short, dictionarv ; p. 66, compai.f''lc. :uTeiitt>l on n I 
 
 syllable, and on xh^Jlrnt in the dictionary : p. 71, monosvllable and p^ilvsylhsbi", ac»rn:ed on the ihir<l s- ..^ • i . .md 
 on \.\\Q Jlnt in the dictionary; p. 93, :ipotheesi.:, acceir.ea on the ih'iid svllabl^. ami <>n the .foi/rr/j in the dic- 
 tionary ; p. 95, te-trarch, c long, r.nd let-rarch, c shoit, in the dioilniuiry ; p. 97, iJfn   •■ .rr-.-mcd on ilie i-covd .<) ji, 
 ble, and on I'u^ first in the dictionary ; j). lOl. pagcantrv, a short, .iiat a lopc. n. l'J2. adagio, a sl.oi', 
 
 (second syllable.) and a lor^, <liclion.iry ; p. 108, donor and bjiPor :.crt-n»ed on ti • yllahle, and en i\\e first 
 
 In his dictionary. &c. *c. ."and what is ((uiti* surprisi.i-^ (not to .-av al^un!) is. nial in nearly evi-ry instance in 
 which he ha.s .'iccent'd or pitinounccd a word ditteien»lv m hi> diriioir<ry ircia his siK-Hmsbi.vk. he agrees with 
 Watker's pronunciation, whose principles he has condrnined in a very zeilous nnd pa'i loia k manner 
 
 When thi=« review w:ts published in the Albanv Argus, I poinu-d out the ilirtereuces :n pronut:ri;.f ion belwe«:i 
 Mr. Webster's 3pcltlpe-bo.ik and Walker's dictionary, for the purpose of shovving the extreme :virrnprl,tij-.\. id 
 afc»urrfi7)/ which exist In ti.e use of thc.^e two Ixioks tii the ."cmr school, which :s usual in manypm.-i ,.r the 
 United States. 'Ihe words in which .Mr. Webster di^-c^rus with Mr. Walker. incrce:tbly n. th.- piu.ci! • • \--r. 
 Webster's o/dRpcUing-lHJOk.) amount to at lea t five ik'ntsan \ ! anA if wo Include their deriv:,uvcs p- ',f 
 
 thowa7vi.' so that It is not at all surprising tiiat there is so muchcoiitradictoiy nroi' uncut. on aino'v; ■. ^ . ii- 
 •Ti, and fc« littl.^ uniformity m pronuuci.ition with publick -[H-akcrs. when (a<: it has b^en luUy shown) *^ir.v» ei> 
 Bter's pronunciaBbn Is contrsulictorv both in his own spelling b<^'k and school dictionarv: -^nd ''^"''f ''» *" ''i 
 •Pfiling btoJi to a very great extent with Walkers, which i» generally lued In tUc uuam -^woi Wi« 11, wtero lu
 
 86 WEBSTER'S AMERICAN SPELLI^'G-B0OK. 
 
 orthography 
 Bpelling-I 
 perceive; 
 
 ''^HavVn" p^hued'ovil Vhat 1 considered defective or contradictoiy in Mr. Webster's spelling-book,! shall now con- 
 elude my remarks on that lx)Ok by taking notice of some dcciavations made by Mr. Vvcbaler relative to his spelling- 
 book, in his APPEAL " TO THE PUI3L1CK," published at New-Haven. March, 1S26 
 
 From a review oC his appeal, above alluded to, I was lully convinced that Mr. ^\cbsterwas not aware of the 
 defects and contradictions contained in his spelling book and school dictionary ; and I have therefore l)een more 
 particuhar in ''ivin<^ proof of what I have stated, fn speaking of his si;cliing-book, lie observes, " my tables are so 
 constructed and so" nearly complete, that tltey cannot be innJroved." Again, he says, in speaking of the attempts 
 to rival his book : " In order to accomplish their object, it has been found e.\pedient to depreciate my work, and to 
 charge me with innovation, and with introducins a synem of orthography and pronunciation in viany re-iptaa 
 vague and pedantic. Surely, if this is true, if mv book is really a bad one, I have been very much 'deceived   and 
 I have done not only an injury, but ereat and extensive injury to my countiy." In the preceding review 1 have 
 shown that his book " is really a bail one," not only in tiie contradictory and defective manner in which his spel- 
 ling lessons are classed and arrauL'c.l, [see pa^es 3u, isi) but in the incotisisterit and defective innovations in orthog- 
 raphy adopted by him, which heliid not, or could not render consistent or uniform throughout the language! 
 iSee paees 7. 8, 9, 10, u.] ^ , ^ ^ 
 
 To my remarks on his spelline-book, Mr. Webster attempted an answer in the Argus of the 12th Dec. 1827, but 
 Instead of disproving my assertions, or endeavouring to ofter any remarks in justification ol having continued 
 these errours, defects. -And inconnistencies in his spehing-book for more than joriy J/eflis, many of which are at 
 variance with his school dictionarv, [see pa<;es 19, 22] ; he'iias adnalied the truth of my assertions, in the following 
 language : " That there are some errors, defects and inconsistencies in the work, is not to be wondered at > lor this is 
 precisely the fact with everv English dictionary which 1 have yet seen;" and he indulges in a decisive condentna- 
 tion of every English dictionarv now in existence, for the purpose of justifying the errours of his spellini.'-book! 
 Mr. Webster, in speaking of the defects of Mr. Johnson's dictionary, observed in the preface to his diciionaiy, 
 published in 1806, p;ige 19, tliat •' To assign the causes of these delects is by no means dinicuil. Vv e arc told in tha 
 accounts of Johnson's life that he was almost always deinessed by disease and poverty ; thai he was naturally 
 Indolent, and sehtom wrote until he was urged by want, or the necessity of fulfilling his engagements with his 
 booksellei. Hence it happened tiiat he often received the money for his wriiimzs before liis maiinscri[its were pie- 
 pared. Then, when called upon for copy, he was compelled to prepare Ins inmu^cripts in haste; and it may be 
 reasonably supposed tha» in some instances lliej' were sent to the press in an unlinished state. These fiiCls, while 
 they may account for, bv no moans excuse the multitude of errors in his dicticnary." But Mr. Webster CJii-.not, 
 with anv degree of pro'prietv or consistency, assert that poverty is the cause • f the errours in his spelling-book or 
 school dictionary ; for, in his appeal, after ha'vinir stated that his book had ei)C;nintered pieiiO.-session and |ntjudic« 
 with success, he ob.<erved that, 'if we c:«i judge from tiie numbers sold ; not less ihun seven mi/Uons uiaiiies; 
 more than half, and probahly two thirds of all the inhabitants of the Cnite.l Slates liave received the ludimentB o'' 
 their education from the use of that liook." And even (he publishers of Mr. Yi'ebster's book also doast in their 
 advertisements of the milii'yns wnicK have been sold, as though the qvantitits sold v ould be a sufhcient argument 
 to convince the enlisxhtened citizens of tuo r^nited States that no improvement upon Mr. Webster's book can be 
 made, and consequently his book is.\yw\viMst oc.the hist!! Again, Mr. Webster observes, in speaking of his 
 spelling-b?ok, "The profits of tliis work, though very suiftU i-u'c "m t only been the itrincipal suiport of my nu- 
 merous family, but tl.?y liave enabled me to accomplish a diciicnarv of our language, at the ixp'nte of tiiutiy 
 yean of labor, and thirty thousand dollars in money." Therefore i i;:iv he cannot with pn piiety state thai his 
 •poverty or want of paXrona^e caused him u> neglect the correction of the a-jeria and eirours i^ointed ; ui by me in 
 this review. Notwithstanding Mr. Webster's spelling-buck has been very exteiisiT'oly patnnised, and he has re- 
 ceived thoiisaiuls of dollars from the American citi'-.ens, yet he has sutlered these enoovs to remain in his bcok 
 yearaftpr vear, without correction; [seepage 3-2;] and then he is so incon^.istent ntn\ ungenerous as io tell these 
 ■Citizens who have thus patronised and supported him by makinsr such an extensive use of his siiel.ing-book. that a 
 " species of slavery hantrs like a min-stone about the neck of all literary enlerprize m the United Slates." 
 
 What Mr. Webster coiisidcrs " a species of slavery," is, 1 suipose, theconduct of many of the res)iectable citizens 
 in the United States, who have presumed to nianiiest an attachment to the principles of orthography iuid oilhocpy 
 of Walker's dictionary in preference to those taudit by him. Again, he olisevves in his ajjpeai, -as 1 have been 
 preparing a dictionarv for publication; have for niany years been teased with the cisn or ai out Wa.lvcr : 1 have 
 made a v-isit to Ensrlahd, and partly with a view to ascertain the rc-al stale of the language" It is indeed finite su:- 
 prising that Mr. Wel)stor should have visited England with a " view to ascerltiin the teal state of the luvguagc!" 
 by spending a few months there, more particularly as he had previously condemned, without n serve, all the £>/§•• 
 /w/i dictionaries now in use ! I Again, he observes. " I presume, I can select a thousand words, if not double the 
 number, from Walker's dictionarv. marked for a pronui;c'ai:on wliich i;on:an would venture to use, in any decent 
 society in that countrv." And yet he has 7iot r.emdtscended to uirnisli the citizens ot the United States wwU ASingLe 
 example of Mr. Walker's indecent inonunciation I Now. I would inquire of INir. Webster whether ti.e jnonunria 
 tion of some words<rivcn by /ivWi would be thus pionoai.ced " m ary decent sotieiy'' in England ? MiJia-tur, vurtu, 
 in-sure, paas, paa)it. daans, aofur, (tUt a) &c. : instead of na tshure. va-tshue. in-shvre, pass, pan!, ilonse, after, 
 « short.) &c. Mr. Webster, tbrihepiirpo.se. no doubt, of overtl'.rowing Mr. Walkers princ;p;es of orll.Oiraphy 
 and proimnciation at once, observed in his ajipea!. th;d-'-if the people of this country nili have an English hook to 
 follow, if nothing but English w'xA auAwor, I would reconimond Jones' dictionary for this jiurpose. Jones is a 
 later author, who seems to have followed Walker for the exr)ross purpo.se of coneciing his erro!s-and his work, for 
 the simplicity and consistency of his scheme, is far preferable to any other British publication." It is truly astonish- 
 ing that Mr. Webster should •'recommend Jones' diciionaiy" to the citizens of the l.'idied Suites, when Jones diaa^ 
 erees in orthography with Webster's innovmioTis in every instimce, and agrees with Wdlktr, whose orthogiaphy 
 Mr. Webster Ins so strenuously condemned! as in the retention of the final k in pu/.rick, mu-'ick, e;c. ; the re.eii- 
 tion of the u in unaccented our, as infavotir, honour, etc. ; tiie tei minalion re insteail of er, as in metre, sceptre, etc. 
 jSee pases?. 8. 9, and Web.ster's appeal on this .^ubiect): anil even Mr. Janicson published a dictionary in Lon- 
 don in' 1827, in which he retains this ortbogiaphy, so much condemn m d \)y Mr. Webster, and agrees with 
 r»If. Walker i Hence, it must be admitted that Mr. Webster's zeal lor sonieibing ciifl'oient fiom Engrlsh led 
 hitn to aitopt innwariom without regard to lhe\r defects, propriety, consistency, or uniformity , ibr he has not c«r- 
 Tied a single innovation through the language, jsoe pp.7.b.9,lu,M ] : ;uid, instea<l of inoimcing argumen.a toconvince 
 the American people of Utevtilityof his innr/vatums in orlhorraphy, he has adopted MxcasUr nietl.od, that of con- 
 demning every English lexicographer.withoui reserve, who has been so presumptufAis and unfortunate as to din 
 agree with his" (W'eb.:ter's) fetvovrite tuitions cf innovniions in orthography ' I Again, it Is also qviie f-ur^nising 
 that Mr. Webster shou'/l " recommend" Jones' pronunciation to the American people, when Jones i/*^'ers more from 
 Webster's pronunciation than he does from Walker's ! ! As in soundirg a or au iike broad a long wnen followed 
 Dy I and another consonant, as in sai't,favtt, etc. : a long in iingel, danger, .(ri ange, etc. ; a like i short in the ter- 
 mination age. as in c.ibijage, otc. ; e and o like i'. short in the termination or.vand cry, as in grocery, amatory, etc. ; 
 ©like in not when follmved ly //, se, or st, as in loft, loss, and lost, etc. ; i like e short in many words when fol- 
 lowed by rand anotberconsonant as in circuit, virgin, circular, etc. ; |see (lage 34|; ?/, we, ■»./£, or «/', like oo when 
 preceded by r, as in brute. brMit. true, crew, etc. ; i like y in m;uiy words, as lolio, geniu.s, eic. ; ci and ti like s)ie in 
 the termination date and tiate. ^s in associate, negotiate, and in .vsociation, negotiation, etc. : a like z in the prefix 
 diswhen followed by an accfn:f<l sylu<ble beginning with adat consonant; Hike ?.vA when followed by kngw 
 preceded by the accent, as in iiaiince" virtue, etc. : t silent when pr(.'ce<led by s and followed by the termination /a 
 as in bustle, castle, etc. : and In the av.cnitvuHun of acrcat manv words, as "boiizcn, conuniplate, demonstrate, ac- 
 ceptable, etc. etc.. in all of whichand hundreds of others Jones disagrees with Webster ! and agrees with Walker. 
 Thus I have given a thorough exposition of what 1 ha\e consideirdrie/ifC^n'^. co^itradiciory. or incoirsisfmt, in 
 Mr. Webster's spelling-'oook, scliool dictionary, and in his APPEAL "TO THE PLTJLIC^,"" for the purpose ot 
 exciting interest and inquiry, .-vnd theicby rendering a benefit tomv fellmvcitizens, bv enabling them to determina 
 whether Mr. Webster har, paid that attention \o\\\c iviprovcmc7iia.t\A correcnrmoi\\\% spelling-book, which tho 
 extensive patronage he lias rercived from the people of iLa United Stales required of hiia ; and whether. In U» 
 pzesent slate, it sbuoldbe retained in our schools.
 
 REVIEW 
 
 OP 
 
 Webster's ELEMENTARY SPELLINGBOOK, 
 CO:.IPILED BY AARON E:.Y. 
 
 'hiePropnet'^rof thsEleincnt:irv3peihn<?-«o-ik has tak'^ri much iwins:occnpile,in jpaniph!'*' ronn.Rn imposing 
 list of recoiiinichjitl ns of t.lial work in c iiiuo>.iou vviili ihteeof his l)icuin>irics. TUs puniililet Ivi- h'x-u wideiy 
 circulate 1, :i!ia tlio leconimcii'iHtions nre oiiculateil to impress the |)U!)!ic:< nindwith le l>elief U«t \.\\c Elementary 
 Spelliin;-BoO:C is unilonn in \U ruhCKftapliV, pr. iiui:ciaii< u, ami ciassitiction, nml or this rea.-oii is wonlij" ol 
 beiji^ Htl »pt-'J ill our sci >)ls .iml :»c» l-.niei. L'lioii whit principle thcs* U!iqu:i!iftil rocoiniiiendati.ir.s o:' th:g 
 work liave been piven, it is iliiTiculi lo determiu'; ; siiix' in all the.se pnrticil.irs it U ir mo c erroneous and deleo 
 live tli.iii the Amciiaxn. Speiiin,' Booc. 1 do not iiiiend tliat This t.ict stall rest uon hare assertion, hut upon 
 proofs. Which I c'lalL-n-.'e .Mr. Wcbs^ter and all his friends to irain.^ay. I ;iin .ware that n .s-iyin? this, I am cullins iu 
 quesiion the ce:ti.'=.&it.->3Cf men of siCai erudiiionand praCiiral o.pcrii iicem variou. departments of literature — 
 m;n whose lirearv r i)utatlon and puhlic : functions present an awful prpoiulnane ti< my bin;:le counterijoise ; 
 but I ie.it .secure inthft irre^i^t hie f.)rce of irutli, aud the sincerity of m.icoiivictio.-, while i hesitaie not tn say 
 that it would hettc-r co;n' ort with the principhs of Justice and the interests (f .society, )r iireutlem';'!! to state where- 
 in 'his CO npilation hy Air. Ely is piel'eralile toother ho ^ks dosigncd for iiJ,truc[ioii,tluui barely loastert it, hOkV 
 imposing so?ver may he tlie weight of their uaines. 
 
 If the luction were— whether Mr. Webster is entitled to re.^pect for his ihours asi Lex ir/>srai)her— there could 
 be n'» divi.-rsitv "if opinion ; hut when it I ■; alloi'e.l iliat h': i.as reduced the orth"<rral)y to unii'orinity — or even aii 
 ajiDroximation towards it— orth it his Dictionaries are nwre accurate in thi paniciilr than those of Jolmson and 
 wiilker— or that the A7''»/€«/(fr7/ Sp<.MIin?-Book is less mntrculictory in ths particuir tlian otliers, the alle^atiou 
 requires somcihiuir more than hare assertion— somcihing more than gencal panegyick to^ive it currency will* 
 the Ameuc;in people. 
 
 However laudable may have been the motives of the in lividu.als who ha-e thus let th-^ Influence of their names 
 to "JVC popularity to the.'ie works, I fully believe I hazani little in expresin^ a debt whether all or any of lliem 
 have undersjone the labour neces-^:'ry to warrant these, in jenenl, i;iuiui!iti;d testimoials. some of which were siven 
 In anticipitiO'.i ofthei)ul)iica'i >ns "o wiiirh they refer. Were I not p'n-s-onal!.* aC(]UMiiitd with the fact that in this city 
 m"etin-'sof trrachers were h a t for the purjiQse of securing pledu'es to siippot the £/?;iCn/rt?7/ Spelling B'Xik and Duo- 
 dccira I Dictionary which were ihenunputtishe.l, that .Air. Webster attendel these metir.gs in person for the purpose 
 ef e: • .ainiiiE Ins principbs and eulozizina his own Iwoks— that at one )fthesemt^lin'_'s a committee previously 
 appointed made a report coiii'vieniliii'.' the Elementary.Spelllng-Bof.k. amliTsin-.' the doption of thai reporlupon tlw 
 authority- that one ofthecommiite? " had seen the borit. in manuscript" fl\\M\ at a sbsfquent period Uic most un- 
 war aniable mea Mires wore ad'.)(ite.l by the friend? of .'\Ir. Webste". t> prouire an ciiorsemcnt lor (his compiUtioii 
 bv th*; teachers in this city, wh'ch failed except as io a few individuals— aid, were liot pei>:oiially ar/jnainted with 
 the iiamole-'s devices whicn have been resorted to— for the purpo.-e of fotcinv liiesqmblications upon tlie commu- 
 nity— Imieht suspect mvself iruilty of illib'^raiity in e^riiressin^r this dou^t: hut jjosessinir the knowledge I do In 
 rclati'tn to this matter, and knowinir also froine\i)erience the tim'i and aM>'ication equi.-iie to form a oyxxco. opin- 
 io!! of their merits— i am irresistibly impelled to the conciusion, that penoiial frierlship luis contributed largely U> 
 ihe procuring of the^ie reco!iinieiid;t'ions. 
 
 Ano'her part of thi< pamphlet is n'orthy of a passing remirk. For th? purpose ^f disseminating more widely 
 than could be done throuah iSe medium of the quarto dicfionan*, Mr. Weister lias tou'.'ht pTiiier to publish in this 
 pamp'i'ot, by a liberal extract from the introduction to that work, his <rtcn rcfteiied. nut uiiwarrantablc allaci^s 
 UfKin Wa-ker. Whv this relentles> warfare upon the dead, •' ichose inorr,* were nocr hnf/n'ii" ? * 
 
 The truth of the 'matter is, Mr. Webster well knows that Walk»rdil more thai any otlier individual to render 
 analogous the orthoepy and orthorriphy of the lanuiiage- that Ids princi»les are ainost univers^illy adopted in this 
 country and in Rnel and — -m I that in tha' country as well as in thl.:, 'Uhc iis.igfo'' irellbrrJ p''npl'" is d»nive>t 
 from that -"nthor, inste.iilof " formin? a 2ulde," as he would havens lou'iilerstand How preposterous the Idea that 
 In a country like that of Encrlaud.wli"re science she Is her lucid beams vith r-fulent splen ;our, there should be 
 in this branch of Philoloey no ?iiido hut the varyine and c ipriciou< usrire of- iroi i society." 
 
 .Mr. Webster has stated in the preface to thH work, that " it is d'^sicn-d as ar improvcinent on the Amencan 
 Ppelling-Book :" anil, he also ail Is. "t!ie cia<sificatioi!, Avhich Wiis imp?rffCt in hat work, is here compleicu, and 
 the few errors in ortho'.'r-iphy and pronunciation, which occur in that «/•/ cor/y.YeJ in this work." It i*;, there- 
 fore. presuiiT^d that neither .Mr. Wt-b^ter inrhls friends will consid-r t untairh me t0|>ointout what I consider 
 erroneous. Cf)>)tritlirror>j.-M\(y inf-.o-n^istrnt \\\ the onho^raphv, prom nriTiion. classification, arraiifrement. and 
 divi.iou of worts; more particularly, as the propriftor (Mr Web<»cr) ha^ had I le work before him miire than f u;o 
 years: and h;is therefore hnd an oiuiortunity to corrert anv hluvdfrs niiA\\<v |!ie compiler iMr. FIv.) 
 
 Before entering upon an examination of this work, I will state 'as was stjted on pa-je 29) what I consider the l«5ad. 
 In^ characteristicks of such a iij»o:iin:,'-Brx)k as I should ilcein worlb." cfja gefidal Inlr.xlurtion lito oar primary 
 BChool.s. " i 
 
 I It should c ntain as?reat a number of the words in common use as pifictirable, to the cxelusion of extraneous 
 and Irrelevant m itt'»r; as in my who attend our primary schools have noplhcr opportunil.v of acquiring a correct 
 knowledge of tlie elr-mcnts of our lan^ruane. / 
 
 2. The c/rtss//icafjan Of words .should be judicious and distinct ; and tlwi system adopted be strlcll>' and corrcctJy 
 adhei^d to. 7 
 
 3 T\\CMr;-<in7'mcnt should be plain and simple, with a due regard t»lW expanding ca|iacitjcs and the progrcaslve 
 Improvement of the learner. ' » 
 
 A. tn orthotnajihi/ and orthnrpy it should con esTK^nd with fhestnni^ard dictionary of the country ; orstrictlr 
 conform with the principles of the work it piofess.-9 to follow : for \\\fcli;ti'inar>t. and not xWip'-ii'iiT-hook, must ha 
 the standard of rfference ; and hence the imi>ort.inr<' lorthe luiifo.. ii'f and roriertiu-ss of our language, that Iho 
 laittr worl: should be founded and carefully coiisiructed upon Uic inltic.ples of il.e foruier. 
 
 CONTENT.^. 
 
 This spelling b'lok comprises I'S paies, ront linlnsr about nine tliou'^and words, arrm^reil In spellin? lessons, 
 Inier-Tier^od with rpadim? le-i'^nns, cnipo-.-.l of detjtrhe I seiiifiic.'-s In the selection of the wonis cout.iine^l In 
 the lessons for spelling, Mr. Ely stems to have used but little diicrtikfi, or discrimiiatiou ; for, he has na' Inserted 
 
 • Stirely if (he dictionary of Walker w;i» heiPtofore not knnwn evpfi to Mim»'er«orih<' nri'i.h Purtmmfiit imiil thev viiK.- I thii 
 country, tnch .1 circiirrm.iiicc can never lirroafiur Impppn wliere the |>»I)lioalim>s ••f\}\r AmM-ican I.cli -oyr-ipfwr h*vp foiiiid an intrc- 
 duclion. The ff'llowine is nn cxiraci froii Mr. WMikht's (wraphl.-!. p.ie» \i. Th n. " W.iH<er ii nm All^ nfver has l'<vn a n.-«n<1«nl 
 anther in Er>ch\nrt : nnd it i^ rwnarkablf that the NUmb^ri oT t'arlianieui, ^^^ rutlad thU couniry • l«w yean tm^ lajd iKey IM^ 
 Bcvar b«ani of ihat nulbor till tb(y aajna to lhi> comiiry^
 
 ss 
 
 Tdstcr 
 
 ELEMENTARY SPELLING-BOOK, 
 
 euiiiea, gj'jjsiim, hulloo, luinisale, lilu-asi, 
 Itflivof, hei'ii.xg^e, hesiuitien, herOie, hindenil 
 hose, hosi, lioicl, hover, huge, litnan, huiiul 
 inihitter, iiniuura'.. uiipaiieiioe, fcpoverisli, 
 impiulence, iiiclule, ineo.^io, iiidit, intlulse 
 inspect, insuill, instance, insieul instigiile, 
 
 nonsense, iiurtlieiii. uotliins, noli* 
 ulive, Oi)])OSO, oranff?. Oi-ph.inl, orcj 
 iiiR, palau-e, pahn. palsy, parade, 
 patch, pjv-rit, pnueuce. paliiot, U 
 f»erstvei"aiiee, pcisiiarte, peruse, pq 
 
 near ail of the worls in mst corarri n use ; while he ha'i instrted a great m;uiy woras ThOt in common uso ; neither 
 are they to Ije foiuiJ m ^X- "''VebrfCu's duodecimo scliool dictionary. The followinij list fonus but a amall ■portion 
 of the iuoot cointnon wor*, which llr. Ely hai entirely oyniliul, und which should be in every spelling book I 
 
 K-.i^l : — thus, abide, r.Louiii about, at re, abridgt-. u'lrklgment, absence, absorb, abstain, abyss, acceptable, acconipaiif, accord* 
 uciucveiiienl, MCniiowlelge, it uaiu, aciai:, adiiurai, aclmiuancc, ailvauce, ailvautage, adverb, advice, amrin, aQbrd, again, againcti 
 agree, ai.inii, alleJjfe, anibi: i, anaiyzei aniuial, announce, anxiety, anxious, apocrypha, apostle, appall, applaud, appreciatCi 
 apprentice, april, ardor, arje, ar^uuKiit, arraor, arrange, artifice, assemble, assuage, assurance, astronomy, usyium, atLacki 
 atieiiiUnce, auxiliary, avoid, |ve, aiu.-e,aDy, i;alance, bald, banish, baulize, bargain, ueard, Ijeuause, belief, believe, beware, bita, 
 W,isiihenie, bUnd, bojub, boudge, book, louniy, rcaiifast, bridegoom, bright, bruise, build, burlesque, cabbage, cabinet, cadeno<:i 
 ciilus, canal, candidate, capill, capiiol, tapsi/.e^ captaiii, carriage, carve, crnient, census, ceriaui, chagrin, challenge, chaplaini 
 «lianiy, chtise, ch-isliscuieni, leal, childfcn, chill, chocolate, city, clapboard, closet, coalesce, coast, cobbler, coeicion, cofiee, col- 
 I'-ffC, cohiuui, combat, comet, loiama, canniaad, commence, commerce, committee, community, compact, comj.ensaie, coui^ilci 
 comrade, comjiromisc, coi;ce; ;, concord concourse, cuuHdence, confirm, connoisseur, consul, conlcuiplale, convince, cordial, 
 countenance, coiinlrj-, cour^g. courtesy, lovet, crcctm-e, credit, criminal, crowd, cruelly, cruise, crystal, cultivate, cunuine, cup- 
 board, cushion, Ur-dry, damage lance, deali, debtor, deceive, decree, disgust, dispose, divorce, divulge, dogma, door, dole, dragon, 
 drama, drink, dro-vn, drowse, (ichess, diiiLess, dumb, duplicity, dyspepsy, eclat! eclipse, ecslacy, educate, eighth, elapse, electricity, 
 electrify, elegance, element, elekte, elevatiln, eloquence, eloquent, embezzle, embrace, emigrant, eminence, empty, enable, enchant, 
 tncircle, encomp:\ss, en'iurancelenf.irce, eitage, enhance, enlaige, entitle, entrance, enueaty, epuuiet, epigraph, equator, equivalenl, 
 essence, eiiquet, eulogy, cvangicaV. evaualist. evening, evidence, evident, evil, c»ince, excellence, exchange, exchequer, excist, 
 excite, exclude, exclusion, eximmunicatJ excuse, (n) exercise, exit, expand, expect, expedition, expend, expense, exrericnce, 
 experiment, explode, expose, exkmge, exqiiiite, extension, exu-eine, liirce, farmer, fashion^ fatigue, female, fence, ferriage, field, -fiend, 
 fierce, finance, fine, fi:iess, finis, Ir, fire, firici, Sight, floor, fluid, foej foliage, follow, font, !oot, force, lord, form, fortify, ibriy, fosse, 
 foundery. fountain. tVanchise, Ifcnd, nolicL fro=i, tVuital, furnace, fury, futurity, gammut, gaunt, general, geology, glauec, gouge, 
 government, governor, gradual, jratify, grajiude, gravity, graze, grievance, grieve, grind, groove, grope, gross, group, guaranty, 
 
 .irjisichord, hatchet, liaughty. havoclc, hazard, hearl<en, hearty, helmet, helve, hsnce, 
 ce, hint, hiss, homage, home, homely, hone, honest, honesty, liooj, hoop, horrid, hui-se, 
 ate, hundred, h.irricane, husband, identify, ignorance, illness, image, imbibe, iuibanlt, 
 npalient, impede, impend, inipemrenl, imperfection, impertinence, iinportaiice, imply, 
 nfant, infirm, inilame, influence, infringe, ingraft, inhale, initial, innocence, insinuate, 
 [insure, iusurance, intercede, nuercouise, interval, interview, into, intrigue, introduce, 
 1, i.,»i.i)j, laui |e, jamb, jeopard, joiner, jovial, judgment, judicious, juice, jury, justice, justify, juve- 
 nile, keel, kniJue.ss, kindred, laib, lance, lAgi'^r, lapse, lutein, lateral, lathe, latitude, .aiuUible, laurel, leisure, lemonailc, IcojiartJ, 
 liberal, liberate, liberty, libvaryl license, liLrice- lighiiiing, lily, limb, linen, linger, linguist, litigate, locate, locust, longitude, Ion), 
 lothe, loathsome, loyal, lo7.enge,iioky, maciiie. machinery, magnify, magnitude, maintain, majesty, malady, malevolence, malice, 
 malignant, mamma, manage, maliind, manii, manual, margin, marriage, martyr, masonry, masquerade, maxim, mechanism, medi- 
 cine." meek, mollow, menace, merjful, mercy missenger, milliner, mimic, mince, mineral, mischief, mis-iiy, mistake, mitigate, model, 
 modify, monarchy, mur.opolize, ibnosyllablc morning, mortify, mountain, move, multiiilicand, multiply, museum, musical, D^iisk- 
 rticlon, mustard, muster, mulilatj muiier, i lUu.il, national, natura!, nauseous, naval, negligence, niece, nigh, nimble, ninety, 
 
 lunify, nurishment. nurse, nutrijnent, obedience, obviate, occupation, occurrence, odor, ortice, 
 anco, Oi li^.ieiK, orlhodos, orthoepy, outrage, outrageous, oxygen, pagan, pageantry, paint, paint- 
 I, par«)';iniss, parcel, parenthesis, parttike, participle, D.ariner, partridge,. passive, i^asle, pasu-y, 
 lonage, p niniary, pedagogue, pedigree, pelisse, peninsula, penitence, period, perish, perquisite, 
 ilence, phi nuhroiiist, philology, piazza, picket, pierce, pillage, pious, pique, pith, plaice, plajiel, 
 plaster, platoon, pleurisy, piungci)>oison. po sh. polysyllable, positive, potentate, poultice, poultry, pour, powder, power, precede, 
 Vireface. prej-idice, prescribe, prelle, presum, pretend, prevent, prevention, priest, primary, primer, prince, privilege, procedure, 
 prodigal, product, production, prtiiie, profei. profligate, proioi.nd, prolong, i rompt, prominent, pronoun, prononnct, prc.pag.^le, 
 property, propliesv, proscribe, plolect, proteiiion, protesUinl, prov^, proverb, provide, proviaeiice, province, provoke, pindcnce, pr»* 
 iicllo. pudding, pull, pulse, pulpit, j ncl'ual, pu ctuation, purchase, purify, purpose, pursue, pursuit, putrefy, i)utrid. quadruped, qualify, 
 quarantine, quaito, quince, quire, uit, radiaife, raindeer random, ransom, rapitl, rarefy, ratify, rational, ravage, ravel, rebiritc, 
 recede, receptacle, recline, reclust recogni/.e,jrejoiutnend, recommendation, reconcile, recovery, rectify, reduce, reef, referee, refuge, 
 refut«lion, regard, rejoice, rel.tpse relish, relmtance, rely. re;nember, remembrance, remittance, rendezvous, renounce, repeiHttnce, 
 rf>;(obate, rppulse, repute, reputat i, resem'oM resent, resentment, reservation, resolute, resume, retard, revenge, reverence, reverend, 
 revile, revolu ion, rewaid, rinse, ival. roir.atce. root, rowel, rude, rush, rust, sacred, sacrifice, safe, salad, sanctify, sanction, 
 saietity, sai-c?ii.jt, satiate, satire, sa ;ly, satyr, iiusasc. savage, savoiy, scaflokl, scald, scale, scandal, scarce, scarlet, scatter, schooner, 
 wience. score, so.oundiel, scourge scrawl, .selede. secl'ide, second, section, sed.ice, .seethe, sentence, sequel, serene, servant:, serre. 
 arvicp, servile, shntter. shawl, slir shelve, sMngle, shoe, shoot, shovel, shower, shrink, sbutde, sijge, sieve, sigh, signal, silence, 
 aamplify. sinsle. sink, sirup, size, sieve, slope, dui'ce, slumber, smuggle, snare, snath, snulf, soua, sodcr, sofa, sojourn, solid, solitude, 
 »olve, soot, soniid. spaniel, spasm, jecie. specikcle, speecli, spine, spire, splendid, spruce, squeeze, stagnant, stale, suimiard, starve, 
 rU-^A, .sieeple, siigma, siirnip. .stoi. sioiio. sliiiglit. sirance, stiangle, stieam, .elump, sublime, subscribe, subside, subtle, succession, 
 e.i'"uih, sudden, siiliice, suflocaie, si rage, sulki sullen, summon, superb, supersede, su|.ply, suppose, supreme, surface, surprise, sln■r^^ 
 gate, surround, survivor, suspense, spicion, swjum, swift, swingle, swivel, tword, syiiijiadiize, synod, syringe, tailor, taint, lalun, 
 i:ink;u-d, Uiste. tattler, tstuglu. lelegi nh. temperJnce. leinut, tense", terrace, testify, theft, ihrougn, tinge, tolerate, toqiid, ti>rrid, tortoise, 
 to>-s. fottpr. touch, tough, towards, uvel. toweil ivadition, traduce, trance, transcribe, treasury, tremendous, trespass, trophy, Uopic, 
 li-owel. u-nivsLrs, tnicsi, true, truly, usiee. luitiliii. tnnff. turf, turkey, turnep. turnpike, twist, ugly, understand, undertake, uniform, 
 Mnion, unit, unity, universal, unrip unroll, iipruiy, unsteady, upbraid, upwards, itsual, utility, utter, iitleianec, vacate, vacation, 
 it.'»«rabond, valve, vanquish, varianc, various, vtltemence, vendue, venerable, vengeance, venture, veracity, verdigris, verily, vestige, 
 vilify, village, vindicate, viol, viole L:e, violent,, violet, viniin, virgin, virginity, virtuous, visage, visible, vision, visitor, vivirL vole, 
 vouch, vowel, voyaee, vuliiir, waj , w.xgoner wand, wanton, warden, warn, warp, wave, wedding, welcome, weld, wliiffletrtc, 
 whohs^le, wicked, \vife, windlass, " ilt, wing, 'ire, with, withhold, witjiout, withstand, wizard, woe, woman, woitl, world, worse, 
 worstrd, wranel'-, wncV, wrench, J'letch, writ, writ, writing, wrung, yard, yesterday, yield, young, zodiac, zooltg}", ic. ic. d.c, 
 ■^about ON'K THOUSAND WOUJK are not tdbe foitiid, any one of th^m, in ^uy spdhng Jr^^on of the book ! '. I 
 
 •Secondly :— and vnt, such wli-d.s as climi)i, paj-e 23. coot, moot p. 30. gaff, ih ff, plyn p. 32, umber p. 35, 
 podiie. ;:ir.<e p. ?6, betony, scanhionv. Inctro' )'■ -11, dorsal, anil, fardel p. 41, ancilhtry. excretory cnrollary p. '.-i, 
 palmf(tt() p, 54. slce73', .scqnei'.t i[58,ViecrchL fa»-rr :o;a(lvo\v,=on p. 59, tenpi.^?. fabby p. 61, polyijlot p. fi2. adjudicate, 
 repM'liate. tartareous p. 63. partii!i\is, p. 6r,nebui0(i3, ?ranul0'.i.-=. chamfer, mawkish ti. 63. ostracism, pentagon ji. 69, 
 lixivird, ri'i.vhcnnial p. 76 laztretto p. 8 . etvn.on p. S2, propinciniiy. aridity, fftundity p. 9o. catapult, ii f ndicant 
 p. 93. redolent i). 94. tairjibitity.locularityl im'iviobility p. 95, percolation p. g'?. moilmain. vervidn p. 1C4. stal;icii»e, 
 hortiilan. protocol p. 103, incoarnjio. or'iicujar p. Iio, pctrolctmi, cerulean |). If,?, acetous. concaAons p. 116. tvochep, 
 iachrymal, licpt.ivchy n. 123. broi'-h.otomy.tosred i). 124. pronvmition. meretricious p \2^, druidic, hermetic, litcrific, 
 scorbnt'cp. 120. eryniro, syrinsral). 1^5. ?nksfirism. enar. knout. Knur j). 136. Sac. &c. which are less used, and con- 
 Foquently a knowledw of (heir oitbOL'riphrnf less importance, have been inserted to the exclusion of the preceding 
 class; and<;ther,?pf!nallv important whicli" have been omiited by Mr. Kly! 
 
 Thirdly : -Mr. Elv hai mnitted eviin chlssrs ofioords, or Vie has inserted but few of them. He has not. in any of 
 the sjielifn? le.s^nns, ins'-rtod one of thM-.l;»is of v. ords ending' in ,ff\ '^^'hich Mr. Webster s[>ells with -insle .fin hij 
 qitart-i and duodecimo dictionaries : tins, bailif, cuitif, dandnif, nia.-tif plaintif, pontii". restif, sherif. undershenf. 
 distaff, midrif, farifdo n-r appear in the b Ik. [Mr. Ely, in a communication, published in the New York Evening 
 Po.st, All'.'. 27, 1329, stated, that "Thevweii in the manuscript wliich lie wrob", and ti.ey must be inserted in the 
 next edition of tliespRllin2d)ook."!] CntiheT h.avcnot yet beenin.-eried. Theciass of words which end in frd,t'yo.'et\, 
 proc/;ed, and succeed. (e.\ce|it that exceid is\in a distinctive class of words |i. 144), Mr. Fdy ha.s not inserted ' Of tlie 
 CU.S.S of word.s which end in rr. Mr. Ey Kts in.serted but four in any of the f^p. llin£ !(\ssons! as. center p. 43. 
 maneuver p 59, ncl\f r. sepulcher p. 123: biit accoutre, am.tihitheatre. Itelleslettres, concentre, fibre, lustre, metre, 
 mitre. .=ceptie, ."-ppcfi'e. vert-l)re, ombre. netfe, sabre, saltpetre, theatre and mass;icre, do rjrr.-ippenr in thel)0ok ! Of 
 the lar-.'e class of word.'?, (nhoxn on f hiw fret in number) wl-.ich eiid in tion ;mt\ Cinn. cnn\\'0>v(] o\\five .sylhrhirs, 
 Mr. Ely has not. in any of the spellin;: hsslns, inserted but vine of them ! as. sic;nif cation p. 138. exaggeration, 
 refriiT'rafirJT. 'olicitatiriu, felicitation, iinariimtion p, 125, arithmetician, academician, geometrician p. 128: hut ab- 
 breviation, abomination. acceiituatio:i, £CCi»nmodation, atcumulatii n, .administrat-on, alleviation,. annihilation, 
 apf)rop nation, association, .'irticulation. f.-sAssinafion. anticipation, ca'umniation. classification, cominiseniiion, 
 Comniunir;itifin. conf' 'eratimi. consi leraioa. continuatioi>. delibcr:itiiiii. dt lineatien, denomination, discrimiin- 
 tion, emanciparWin. fo. fication. hutuiliatioi!, inri-.qioraiion. insinuation. inteircL'ation. inxcstifration. .jusfillcatior', 
 a?sociation, capitulition, enunciation^ examination, paiticip.'iiion. ])ronur.riation. pvo)jitiation. renunciation, sanc- 
 tification. niathf>tn:dieian, illumitiaiion. mtiuijiliratioii. f;;i;diIicalion. ret:iliation, traiisfiL'uration, &c. &c. Mr. Ely 
 hns oinined cnt\io\\" ATain, many of the words, in which, Mr. AVehfiter, in his old spelling book, pronounced a 
 like ?/, he now pionouncxs differe'tdiy. a.=: Walker, Mr. Ely has omitted; as, folio, genial, genius, convenien:, 
 auxiliary. &c. i%c. do not appear in the book ! 
 
 Asaiu : Mr. Ely has inserted a ereat manv word.?, in the diff.'rentspcIlinele.s«ons, which are not in Mr, Webster's 
 dundecitno .school dictionary, iind manv of tliem are not in common or eeneral u.se ! This is a creat objection, par 
 flcularly as he has omiPed many word.? In mosr/mmmon use \ Thus, ttb, eih, huh, lub, lac. sac, six;, sed, pid. ti'L 
 Itam, lam, mam i>. 20, dum, dan, kip p. 21, ioi\ laicc, wo-ke p. 22, iculp, lunss, baft p. zi, boat p. S4, t-lli^, diib.
 
 COMPILED BY AAilO^' ELY 1 39 
 
 bret, brlt p. 2], ilook p. 30, siicli. wcii:, ii'.c, hask p. C! , hisk, burl, dcra , trass, cess R 32, ittd^e, ^I:h, ha^ch. potch p. 
 35, naaf p. 39, ViCiil p. 40, caaerj' P- 41, a-.vk ji. 47, ojiur-v^it'; p. 53. uJUcr p. oJ, py.irit p. sit, occri.-",!, ir^'uii:eii, lum- 
 bago p. 59, ciassis, seiitrj- p. 61, ba'^kei. ^valiel p. bo, liic'iconi p. Cd, aipias. cuiieip. 7o, ins^imiii. iwindbili p. 7i, 
 niiimop, calix, p. 74, as^cvtjiate p. 76. ouspire p. 7;, piirmacc p. ?:?, tlimie, ruuAmeau, iiaih, tairl p. b4. lx)w- 
 line p. ba, lurqu'jis p. 8a, turgUliiy, f-uijiiany 5'- i't>, apj)c;iaioiy p. 91, suppDjiiory.Viib.Hivieiicy n. !f2, Ul«;git)ility, 
 destructibiiiiy p. 93, discr- pun, loleiani, subiuaaf p. ui, inad VL-riency, diciai ton p. a. vederali; )). lOi, llfc!m^lJCh p. 
 106, causeway !>. lo7, impciceplitniity, iiiinialle-ibility p. U3, pleUiory, uretlira, ocaiiliu*, ijibiioihfcCiil p. U4, tush, 
 iwixt p. 117. hitiie p. lU-i, v.huk p. lis, eAU.-t.on p. r^l, miiiious p. iv2, acliur, cllmioa' p. \'ii, cocker, jc^ging. 
 l>hr'.lg^'lrlg, lug;,'injj, laa-;;ecl, ^a^'•^in^, ga^'^c^i, gagging, \n-n2'^(ni, uaggod, bi;,'il |). ki, nendacny, liciious p. VX, 
 Rjiilji'iious p. 1/7, acronic, .sopliidlJC. symnietric p U9, aaalOi^ic, aslrunomic. Ixiromeuic. c<teclK?tJC, CJitegonc, chro 
 nolegic. eremiuc, cxegetU:. g-ologic, t'o>.)metric, livpoctitic, hypeibolic, )iypotl)ftic. Lriortc, piiiiolc^ic, theologic, 
 typograptuc, zoograplii'c p. uu, enlunoiojjic, gcaeaiogic. loxicojiraphic, Oiiulholo.t'i''iVieol»gic, iihysiologic, ichlhy- 
 ohjgic. liyninic, cliiiuicii. bis;iQ;Uliic, thooric p. ictl. ion this piWj'e, ibl, second roiuuiA coiiainiiix' seven \V(jrd.s, six 
 are noi in Webster's school dicuoiiary :] huloibeiain, raiioaaliain, scholastici.--in, Uriinatize p. ia-2, bcstialize, car- 
 dlnrilizc, citizenize, oihereali^e, gelatinize, incii-onzc, prodJg;ilizv, prcpelyii/.c, vitridize, :heveriilzc p. i;«, sang, 
 stringer. I'ungle p. 134, knari p. 136, lascine p. 137, laLen, graven, loaden. slidden, stiiWn, sjiiken p. 139. wrcalhen, 
 forgouen. ansen, deaconess, diastiJe, liypailai:e p. 140, skittle, wimple p. 14-2, etl'al>|L' p. 143, beaux, does, says, 
 womb p. 154. tcague p. 15«,— amounting to u.\E HUNDRED AND iJiuHrV SIX V\ ( ilbS-aie /<of to lie loand in 
 Webster's school dici70)uiiy, although J\Ir. Kiy nas inserted llieni in the .Speiling-BookV 
 
 Founhly :— Mr. Ely lias, in tlie d:fle»eiit .sppiling lessons, insened the •««;«« word, (m-o (r thrtrit times! These 
 defects \v"ill be particularly pointed out, however, v/iien speaking oiclxs-sific-atioii. i rtin th- to.?going expoeition, 
 it will be rsadily perceived thai in cousequcnc<j of the fewness of tne words insertedlby j\r. Ely in "the signing 
 lessons of Mr. \Vcb.>ler's spe!lini,'-book, those .>«;holars wtio u.se it will not become ac^iaintid ciiher with the or- 
 fl'O^raphy or pronunciation of a. iireat portion of the most impcrtiint words in our lansivigc, .nd fon'^quently will 
 finif words in almost eveiy sentence of their rcadiiisc lessons, with the orthograpliy or I'vonuiciaiion of whicii they 
 are wholly unacjiuainted, not having seen thein in ilic sjielling lessons of the s;>.nie book! As. shell, oyster, fas, 
 teacher p. 2?, starry, careiesa, traveler, fo^rler, iiuo, dajicer, around, strive, wicked fi. '/», scitiue, iinagu, likeness, 
 contemptuous, service, theft, allowance, tillage, woid, wickedness ji. 42. single, degree, oipLuj. exchange, becuuso, 
 al)Ove, body, judgment, seduce, justice p. 43, through, stove, ya.-d ]•. 47, gambler, home. in>Urser. diguit«r>- p. 49, 
 country, In'mself, exercise, relish, children, faiiiish p. 6'). fragrance, druiikenness, (inenj, i<bsvnate, mmen-.l. true, 
 quadriijied, worldly, primary, the>nselves, tipplers, diiTicuit, devil p. 52, aniinHl, iuiormiiion, writer, stieain, con- 
 tribute, oration, attend, heirer p. 33. library p. 112, notning, covetous, rarely, supjjos.'i, ueiiionsfably, false, uivorco, 
 husband, wife, incompatiole, remarkable, geaeraiiy, asbestos, sickiy p. 113, clo. in-c. are not ii any of tlie spcUing 
 tebsoas of the book i 
 
 CLiVSSIFICATION. 
 
 The primarj- o'ljccts of arranging words in distinct classes, are, the designation of tbc vcwcl arjrl consonant 
 sounds, and the acc.niuation of syilabies for the more read^' acquirement of these 1)y thelearaer. Classification 
 and proinincialion are therefore in a great raea.sure reciprocal, and much of t!ie propriety or inntroprjety acquired 
 In tiic latter, will depend upon liie accuracy of the lonuer. Hence this department thoidd flngaae the most .>cnjpu- 
 ious attention, and accurate discriniination, Ln c .mpiling a work for elemenuiry insrrur|K,n.' In .Mr. W'eb.ster'K 
 Amcric;ini?i«;lliiii:Book. the classifiGi'ion isgoverneu hy the number and accftiituanon of syjlaiiks. and the suunds 
 of the vowels and'conscnants, with additional tables for irregular words, and words of distbicii%c definitions. In 
 this, the Elementary Speliing-Dook, Wc.: Ely has, in addition ;o the former classilication, classed ne words accord- 
 ing to their terminations. This addiUoii does not app'.-ar to be an impiovrnieiit on the furnicT mode, beim; in many 
 cases inapplicable, and scenes to have led to the insertion of a great number of words in talik's w»iere the sountl of 
 Uic vowel or consonant is not given, and consequently cm not be leamcd ; and, to rtinedy wj:cli,hes<* words must 
 be again insened in tlic labks^ wliere tiie peculiar sound of the letter is desisnated, or their inahgjcal inonnncia- 
 tlon be wholly omirted. Again ; Mr. Ely has inferred the mine word twice, uf tlViX times, inihe i>ffi:rent or saint 
 spelling leS£on>:, through evident negligence, as the rei'etiiiou of l!ie word was nor necessai-yto erlnbit any pecu* 
 liar vowel or consonant svund, not noted where the words lirst ix'cur in tne sjieiling lessons, 'lluis. pa^c ti, ad 
 column. j'ld is inserted ?J»/ce in the sa//i* colurini ! Same page and column g-id is wrongly c!;t<sed it should l»e or> 
 page 124 in which   g has its hard sound before t. i, and y." ^5:lme page seventh column rVl, aid it is inserted 
 again in the next column ! 5iuiie page eiirhtii coiamn o<Ui. and it is inserted :igain on )jare»2: Same page thir- 
 teenth column itVgr is inserted i?ricc in the samec^lumn : On page 'ii, rifih column bin, and' it is iiis-ited a:^ain on 
 page 32, and again on p:i?el4j:! 5>amc page lifieenth column, s'Ct is wrongly cia.^.scHl, it tHooldlnjon jw-'C 124, 
 where "g- has its hard sound before e, i, and y.' 8 -me page tweniy-tldrd column xca'*, and it fc in.erteil again on 
 page 55 ! On page 22, fust column jaxle, and it is insr rted nirain en page 42 ! ."^me p;iire tulce ^ inserted iicicr in 
 the seventh column ! Samef^ige twenty-second column liuu., and it is iigain in.s-jrtcd on page !4 .-uk; acnin on pafre 
 :i7 : ! &ime page and '"olumn «ff7i«. and if is inserteil again on. the ncja jia-ze sixih column \ On pai-'C 23, tii^i 
 column fi«£, inserted again on page 47 ! tkuiiepage tenth column sxUttp, and ciLrli'eenrli columng-i/ir botii wrongly 
 classed, and they are ixTth ag.aiii inserted on jtage 121 where ihi-y sriotilU Ije with " words in wiu';l\ i-- i; ji.ud before e, 
 <, and y '" Same page nineteenth column tuf:, and it is in.-^eried r..gain on pa?e 31 ! Same pjtgeiwtntietli column 
 gill, in which S! is hard before i, and it is inserie>! a'.'ain on p.V-'e l J7 : Same" column ndlt, in'-eited s^.tiii on paijc 
 45 ! Same page twenty-second column ^runt and aiaut. and tiu-y are Mth inserted ag:nn on \kvX- 47 ! (jn jjage 24 
 fourth column liwt and «/;.</■;, tenth column co-tt and^'?*?/, and eleventh c<»lunm bvvt ; and hurt, cn-t, and bit-it are 
 insijrted again on p.age 3i, and shirt iwuXjlinion pjigeo.-^ i ! on j!:'ire 2.t second cilumn cdar, in.s(;i^».-dj'g;ununi)a?'j 
 67, arid again on page KG! ! Same page ilnrd coiunm ttagcs, and it is in!>».'ned again on pnt'e7l! Kime coUnmi 
 tiS^r, wrongly classed, and it is in.seiied a^ain on jiage 124 wliere ilsfiovld Im with '• woiils in which ^ i. h;ird Ijelbre 
 e^l, and y !" ' Same c*.»iumn treton, wroiiifiy cla >s(;d, cUid it is inserted vtsiln on p;ige 139 where il slmuld X*- with 
 " w'ortls in which c. t. and o. before n, are mute :"" .Same p:ige sixth cohnun oval, and it is •n>erttli at'iin on iwi.'« 
 87 ! On page !JG fourth co\\iTi\nsttd. and it is inserted .a-rain di^Kienily six.died (ste:ul) on paire 137 ! H-tur- pnu'e sixth 
 column /ttiain, and it is in.seited again on the fsanu: page Jicxt colujen \ eame page thirtf entli columii tirtp, and It i.i 
 inserted again (//2/i'"'''y s|)elled (swap) on page 47! On p:ige 'j7 sixth coiuinn »ccr/, in>er»ed a^iin on |ia?'c47 ! 
 £Jame page eighth column rich, in.s<,rte<l again o:i page 36 ! Siime column mu':h, insened ag:dn on the nihif page 
 eighteenth column ! .Same p:jje iourteenih column pouch, inseried ai-iiin on paire 3«< i .Snne rttge •■i^hti.-enUi 
 column crtaih, inserted ;u^ainon p:tge 117 ! On page 2S first column iitniie, ins<-rleil acain on |«ii'p7t! Kiiiie i»;tge 
 fourth oiltimn df.vour, inserted again on page 72 ! On page £9 eii.'hth column Ir/r. and it is inserutl li'idii name |<a^e 
 next column, and again on pa^re 146 ! Same j«age twelfth column sei^sc. wron^dy cUcsed. and it is inirtel ;ig;iin on 
 pace 124 where it should he with " words in which gr is hard before c, 7. and yf on fi;i:.'c 31 '.welnhcoivmn pinic, 
 anS it is inserted arnin on mwc pai'e nfj.t column ! On prure 32 thirtfx;ntli column I'ril'. and it is ins<5rtf\i a-ain on 
 eamf page nrxt column : Same p.i;:e tweniv-lirst column iiMst, Inseneil ;u:ain on p.i^'e 45 ! On na-e M first column 
 spirit, again on }>.ige 64 ! S.in)'* pace second coluni.'i po:af>h.:\n:\ acain on paiie 49 ! < ::i nngr> 3.5 t*ir>t cnuunn sluccr, 
 inseiicd a^ain on paw 36 ! Same paw tldrd column iT' /?/;■// ;uid 'ui'vi. and \.Ui-y.<Tf^ Onrn iiibcrled .-ijaAion p;igo 61 ? 
 55ame column qiddy wrmgly cla-i-ed, andilis in.^ried a'/am on pa/.-f 1.?) w! l-v ii tlum^i in; wllh ■• wi^ds in which 
 g Is hard before «, /. and y .'" On p:ige 37 eighth coiunm choir. wi'Mijly l•lr:•?^^!, ainl it is in.vrted ajain on pa,'e 
 103 \s\vxo.'\\. should he wirh " wonl.- in widch c belore h lias the yomul <if fc .'" 'IliU.-i. flip schol.ir, aier h<'sh.all iiave 
 learned the ortho^ruphj; of cJioir on p. 07. mus' p;iss iiearly onf huiiiifd pncs !«:orr he will kno%- it.< pronuncia- 
 tion .' Same pat'e ninth column noiie and poitn-, and they ■■iwboin inseiied aeain on the v/j' jiast css) '. ( in piige 
 33 first column njnout, and acain on the name, [ww siaMi column ! On iMuf 42 tiiio cohniui Jtitkc, afid it is Jii>iei-f'j«l 
 afain on thesaw/^ page w<rjr« column ! On pmre 43 lir.st C!>inmn/'«.'<T. wconil coiunm fldrr.:\n\\ ihlnlcoluinn/mrfcr ; 
 and all three of them are inscrtoil again on iiagc 56 ! On j):u:e 44 fii>i coiunm Oopprr. iriM^nrd a-^^iin on \y.\s.c 56 I 
 Same paiie second column lentil, and it is ii'serted nirain »«//«/" | 'column! Same rolunm rrrr/, in sorted 
 
 asain on p;i;;e 72 ! On page 47 twelfth cxilomn state, and again aa, :ir.tr rolumn ! on p;i?e 48 flrst column 
 
 dignity, wionitly classc-d, inserted a'.'ain wn-Te it shuntd bj on i«n;. i >• : .Suue pig" liilrd column wurii, wronely 
 classed, should l>e on puL'c 122 with words in which s has llie sound of zh ! ji his w ord is pronounced n'zury. "» as 
 z" in the quarto dictionary, hut in the octavo. ,•» /ater work, he h;is it uzhury. s like zh .'] i m |>ai.'e 49 first column 
 incitcfneru and excitement, and they are both inserted asain on page loi i bamo page third column enlnrali-ntfm, 
 
 • Thus Uie tchilap or teacher wiU not Kn«rr- nni;'. ic s'orIi have rasf«,' more lh!U) on* fwrtdrti'. ppgrt that »» ;• alent lit ttion.
 
 40 Wehstr's ELEMENTARY SPELLING-BOOK, 
 
 wrongly classed, It should be or pa?e l H where Xhe sound oTth is noted, and the scholar will net know until he shall 
 arrive at page 114 whetl'.er th lave the "asijiratcil' or •' vocal" sound, and only tlien by seeing the primitive word 
 leni/irrt/^ in which the soujid is io:ed ! Smie column «?^as-^/rte/i?. inserted ajrain on pare !C2 ! On jiiige 50 srcond 
 o-.liimn sijTnbol, it is inserted arain on page 7i. and acain on p :j;u 1 17! S.ime pa,:^.i iliivd cjiumn sicumr. m.-eited 
 a^ain on pa^e loy ! Sams pa sa fourtli column //?.^/a.'e, inieiteD asain on paire 88 ! S;i»ie paire :-t'venth coiumn 
 triumph, inserted again ^n pa/e US ! On page 51 tirst co.umn nu^cUoTy, inserted a^ain on tlie next page (52) • ^ame 
 co.umn necessarij. wronjly cUs.sed, should be on page 125 wirh \vor(l:s in whicli " c accentod oremlii.g a bvlUble, 
 has tlie sound of s .'" tianie pige second c >lunin exeuiplanj. wrongly classed, it is inserted asain on p;ure 120* wiiere 
 It should be wiih vvords in wlich • x passes iuio ihe ^oand of ^r^ .'" Thus, the scinlar will pass sevtntu pages ot the 
 booc after le;irning the orthography of extmp'ary before he will know its pronuniAation ! Sanie page third 
 column adversary, insetefl iL-ain on the next page (52) \ un i)age 52 sccviid coinnm presbrjtery, and it is inserted 
 again on page C7 '. Heit on wse 52 prishytery isclas.-ed with woi'ds which have •' the primary acc.^ni on the first 
 and the secondary on <ie tlird :" and (in jiage 67 it is classed with words • accented in the tirsf' only ! game 
 column preia ory, inseried igain on the sa>/i« column ! Same pa<:e third column tdwiilative, le^ilaiurf, h^ialator, 
 all wrongly classed, shnild keon page 12S with wnds in which "g endinir a syllable, has the sound of > .'" as Ff^- 
 etate, ■Six. On page 5i 'thin column imlosure. dis:^n-iure, composvre.' exposure, awX foreclosure, ^W vronsly 
 classed, should he on ijtee li2 in which s has the s utid of zh ! These live w irds are aU pron uncea, « as ^^,in the 
 octavo, but in the <jua/o (Z7!;',7;s//re and C'/z/pftSf/ri? onlj- are so pronounced i exposure -aimX forccla^u re"* ^^ z.'" 
 and i)iclosurt is given witloui any n;itation hoio the s shall be inonrxniced ! In the duodecimo the*, in aP ofthein, 
 is noted to repre-eni d.' am here :Mr. Ely has them without any notati m whether "s as z," or as zh / On rage 55 
 tenth column law, inirteda^ain on same iiatre thirteenth column ! Same page seventeenth column give wronirly 
 classed, and it n inscijed ;u dn on page 124 wliere it should be with " wurds iii which g' is hard iiefore e. 7\Hrrty ! " 
 On page 58 second coKnnni'a»/jc)', wrongly classed, should be r n p'age 141 wirh words in which tare, care, ifcc- Sit- 
 are inserit;d i un pa(e 60 <ecind cjlnmn uisimhra/l. wruisrly classed, should be on j)age 114 where enthrall is in- 
 sertetl with the souiil of //i noted! Same page third column overvhehn , \':vo\\:i\\ clas.'^ed, sh(;nld lie on page 119 
 •witii words in which "h u pronounced before ?p," where whelm is inserted ! Thus! the srhdar will pass more tiun 
 fifty pages after leatliinjrthe or.ho^raphy of ovenvhelm before he will know its proinmciation ' I in page 61 first 
 column auctioneer, vronrly classed, should lie on page 127 with " words in which ce, ci, ti, and sf, are pronounced 
 as sh .'" Same p:igesecibd column. /?«<:«:?«/", l/ri^adier, grenad'fr. ami bombardier, wmngly c!a.ssed. ih'-y should 
 l)e on page 137 with tavcMr, corlelier, cashier, &c. &c. i Same paire third column coexist and preexist, wiongly 
 classed, should be oj pa^ri J20 wi'h v/ords in whicn " x passes into the sound of gz." where exist is inserted ! Thus, 
 the scho.ar Will pasis/xfy pages atte learning the orr/?/^=';a2)/!7/ of fOfa;;*^ and prcexin before he will know their 
 pronunciaHon ! Saiie ci .umn overthroir, wrongly classed, should be on p. 84 or 114 with w irds in which the s-nnd 
 of this noted, whejc throw is inserted ! On page 62 first c -lumn complimtiit, it is inserted again on jMge 94. and 
 again on page 146 ! On page 63 sixth column luxuiiatit, wrongly classed, should be on pa^-e 120 with wods in 
 which "2: passes iito tie sound of gz," wIihtc exuberant, &c are inserted, and the a; is followed by an accented 
 syllable begin innc wit.i a vowel. On pacre 64 first column /«/co?/. wrongly classed, should be on page 139 with 
 " words in which (, i. and o, before 7i. are mute !"' S:;me page third column congress, wrongly classed, should he on 
 page 134 with woris in wliich " the .sound of ng is close !" Same pace second column dolphin, inserted again on 
 page 104 ! On pa^e 65 hinl column gimblct, wiontdy classed, ;ind it is insetted again on page 124 where it should 
 be witn " words iu whch §• has its hard souiiu before e, ?, and ?/.'" On jiasre 6G/-rg"^//M/, should be on page 125, 
 where g- is hard before c .' On page 67 first column vegetative, wronsrly clashed, should be on page I2fi with words 
 in v/iiich '-g ending asyllnble. lias the sound ofj." where vegetate, &c. are inserted ! Same page secnd c -lumn 
 r>iH»nary, wron:^y cUssed, it should he on jiage 123 with words in Vi'hich '■ the terminating syllable is pronouticed 
 z/iK/f," where ditislon, A;c. are inserted! Same column Jiiissictwry. dictionary, and stationary, idl wnMigly 
 classed, they should bjon i)a£re 123 with " words in wliich ce. ci, ti. and si, arc pronounced as sh .'" Same paire third 
 column casuistry, wrmgly classed, should be on page 122 with words in which s is pronounced as zh ! \\tis pro- 
 nou zeA s as 2h \i\ Webster's octavo dictionary.] Cm page 68 fourth column sanguine, wron^'ly classcd.should be on 
 page 134 with wcids n which " the sound if ng is close," wheie tongvish. *:c. are iii^ei K d ! f;n e 1 age fifth 
 column spcndthdft, xrongly classed, should be on i>aee 114 with words in which the sonnd of th is noted '. Same 
 column surfeit. Inserted acain satne pa<ro seventh coiumn ! Same paL'e seventn column garden, inseited ac-ain on 
 page 73! On p;ife()9first column gallicism, inserted again on page 132 vvith " words ending in is7n .'" On page 70 
 sec'ind column iounrer.?ign, inserted again nn page 138 with wi.rds in which "g is silent !" On pace 71 first coliimn 
 begin, second column beget and/org-er, ail three wrongly classpii. should be on pase 125 with " words in which g hzs 
 its hard sound icioxs e, i, and j/.'" begin is inserted aL'a'in on paire 125 where it "hovll be, but beget and/o?-^'?? are 
 not there inserfcd • Same column vithin. wrongly classed, should be on pase 115 with " words in which th have 
 their vocal sound !" Same jiage secon.l column beset, inserted again on page lOO ! On page 72 third column irith 
 draw, inserteiuiTaTion page 83. wr-nirly classed in both places, should lie on paiie 115 with "words in which th 
 have their vccil soind !" Same page eighth column mongrel, wrongly classed, it is inserted asain on jiaire 135 with 
 words in which '• tlie smnd of ng is clo.se." where it should be ! Thus, the scholar will pass more than six'y pa^es 
 after learning the 07'?/iog'rap.'2?/ ~of jnorzgTC/ before he will know h?. pronunciation! On page 74 second column 
 shoulder, insertedagain on pai.'e 83 ! On pai:e77 .'iecond colinnn prognoiticate. inserted agairi on page ill, and is 
 differently dividfd (prosnostic-.ite— pro:rnosti-cate !) S;ime column authenticate, wrongly classed, should be on 
 page 114 withwoids in v/hich the souiid of th is noted ! Same page third column executive, wrongly classc<i. and 
 it is inserted aira.n on jiage 120 where it should i'le with words in wliich "a;p;'-s?cs into the sound of gz I" Thus, 
 the scholar w ifpiss more than ^orty piees after learning the ortho.:raphy of t;j:ec?<'/t?^ before he will know its pro- 
 nunciation, that is. thats has the sonnd of gz in it : On pnse 78 third column cpake and it isinserted again on jiage 
 156, and rf//?fjvri77/ spelled (opaque!) On iiarre 79 third column dethrone-A\n\ enthrone, wrongly classed, should Ite 
 on page 114 with words in which the sound of th is noted ! Same c ^Inmn declare, insnare, pi'erare, and cnnipare, 
 all wronglv flashed, and they are all in.scrted a^rain nn p. 141 where they shouhJ Ix;, and ensnare. difTi rently si»elled ! 
 Same p., fo^irth -rclumn bcevlT. wrongly classed, should lie on p. 137 witli dcrni'-r.frontier, &c.\ On p. ef. bragga- 
 docio and iniertuncio wrongly classed, should be on p. 127. witii " words in which" f«', ci. ti. and si, are pronounced 
 as sn"! S.une 1. seconl column, metupiiytics. inserted again on p. 130 ! Same column mathematics, again on n. 
 130, wronHl)' ciissed in both places, should be on p. ill, wirh words in which the .=ound of th is noted, where math^ 
 tniatical \% inserted! Kmie column p/rciMVe/jr and cwj.w/wjy. both wrr.nsly classed, should lie on p. 120, with 
 words in wh.ich " x passes into the sonnd of gz," where exist is in.serted ! The scliOlar can n:t learn the pronun- 
 ciation cf tJies< words until he shall arrive at p. 120 ! S.anie column, overshadojc. wronirly classed, should he ' n p. 
 86, where »''««*>/* is in.sprtfcd ! Same column rrgiw?v'«/a/, wroinrly classed, should be on p. 125. with words in 
 which "fend ng rt syi.tatile. has the sound of;," wliere regi/n-pnt is inserted! On p. 83, sixth C'^\umn withall, 
 wr^ndvclassed. sh 'uhl be on p. 115, where the souuil of r/z Is note I ! On p. 84, thinl column, ?/'/?7/ is instated 
 twice in rlie iatne (oimnn! Same c ilnmn thought, inserted ayaln on p. i-,6! Same coinnm, thronsr. thing ami 
 ?/io/r.-. ami //«'«? and /^J9rt^ are inserted aiain on |) 134 ! On p. 85. third robmin thursday and pa.'hi'-in/. iiorh 
 wr>ngly classed, should !« on ji. II4. where the sonnd of th is noted : thursJaij is inserted aL'ain <n p. lu. but 
 pa'hwdy is lot ! On p. 87. first column rasure and seizure. wroiiL'ly cl.assed. should Ire on p 122. where the s and 
 z have tiie snind of ^/j.as grazier, fusion, fee. ! Smie column ancient, wronirly clas-ed, it is inserted again on p. 
 127, wh'^re if </w"''-i be viih "w ird.s'in which ce. c.i, //. ani v/, are pronounced, as-^'?".' Thus, the sclio'ar. after i<^arn- 
 Ing \y\e orrh'igiaphy o^ ani'ut. must piss '•7)/7j/ pa-jrc of the liO0'< iM-iore he will know irs pronunriarion • Same 
 p. Wonit CO umn fairfit. wronirly class!'d. should he on p. m. where rare, declare, &c. are inserted ! Same col- 
 umn fai'hml and truthful, mid third CO umn //'>a'Wr^v/, a I rhree wroni/ly classed, should boon p. 114. where the 
 sound o{ th is tn'ed ! On |ia"e «^. first co'nmn PlHi-furr. jwatjire, and tieosnre, all wrnm.dy classed, should be on 
 p. 122. with v.'oids in which s has tlie .sounil of 2/z, as hn^ier. Si". ! Same coinnm censure, pressure. :iv.<]Jii"'i'r'\ all 
 wrongly ctasse I, should beon p. 12, whe-e c, /. and *. have Ihe soninl of sh .' |S has the sound of jsA in all these 
 wo'dsin \V>hMf>r's octavo ilictioiiary. and in ccwsv/iran I Jiffture in tli<} quarto, but none of them are so proni un- 
 ccd in the diiodeciiiio !\ Pleusurc, nieavu7e. anil treasure, are inseted aeain on p. 137, with words in which "ihg 
 vowel « of the cisraph ea. nas no sound, and e is short, but it is not there stated that s has the sonnd of zh .' 
 On pai'e .«9. fitst column, ri;iinfi.ant, inserted airain on pa;:e 138! On paste 90, first column, integrity, 
 inserted ;igain on pace lr9 ! Oii pase 92, first column inuiginary and iinneces.wry. both wrongly classed, sliould 
 v« p. 126. with words in which " c accented or ending a syllabic, has the sound of s, and f that of j.'' as' nr.agf- 
 na/um, Ac. on that page! Same column confectionary, wronL'l.v classed, should be on p. 126, with "words in 
 which ce, ci, ti. ,Tnd si. are proriounc«;i as sh"! On p. 93, iUegibility imdjlagelet. wronglv classed, should be on p. 
 125 with words in which " g, ending a syU'Me, has tfie sound of,;," as le^le, fragile,' Sie,. on that p.ige r On p
 
 COMPILED BY AARON ELY. ^ 
 
 V4, second c«litmu irutular, and it is iii?erted ai^ainon tiie sami'. p. next coXuxan \ On p. s.'>. mpcrfluiri/ occurs twiCA 
 lathe «am« column I Sama p. second column socJoW/iry, wronirly cloir.-isd, biiould l)eo:i!). Vi~, with •' words in 
 which ce, ci, ti, and ni, are pronounced as s/i," where sfjcial, &c. are inserted ! b;imc column slni^ularUy, wroncly 
 classed, should be on p. 134, with words in which •' the sound ot" ns- is close"; On pa;;e lou, tirst o-lunin mi/tjive 
 axii.foTSive, both wrongly classed, sliould be on p. 124, with " words in which g Xv.is its liard sound before e, j, and 
 y," where give is inserted i Same p. fourth column adovt Is inserted twice in ihe sa/;/: column 1 Samecolumu 
 among and belong, both wrongly cUissed, should be on p. i:;i. with words in which n? have " tlio open sound ot 
 ng;" among is inserted again on p. 134, where it ehouUihe. but belong i:i not, alihoufrli long is on that p. (134!) 
 On p. 103, second column passionate, wrongly classed, should be on p. 126, with " words in wUicli ce,ci, ti .'•nd si, 
 are pronounced as sh,' or it should be on p. 108, where x^assiow is inserted ! On page 104, fiitli coiumn staggers, 
 wrongly classed, it is inserted aeain on p. 125. where it sliould b3, witli '• words in which g Utis it3 liard .sound beiore 
 e, i, antl >/ " ! Same p. seventh column zealous and yea^ ;w, v.-ron^ly classed, t'.icy are both inserted a-jain on p 137, 
 where they should be, with words in which " the vowel a of the digraph ea, has no sound, and e is short " ! On p. 
 10,3, third column m^oi, wrongly classed, it is inserted again on p. 134, where It should bs, wi;h words in which 
 " the sound of ng is close" ! Same p. fourth column zealot, wrongly classed, it is inserted again on p. U?, where 
 iiahouldbai On p. 106, first column /jewttsn't/j, wrongly c!ci.s.sed, should be on p. 123, with " words in which 
 before h h.as the sound of k"! On p. 1U7 third column hawthorn, and liltii column soiyietltin-'. bnfli wion^ly classed, 
 should' be on p. IH, where the sound of f/j is noted! Samcp. seventh column, /z^oi/j. ' ' 1 be 
 
 on p. 137, where head is inserted ! On p. los. first column headache, toothache, and - -d, 
 
 should be on p. 123, with " words in which c before h has the sound of oft," where c^/r; is in.-'if.-a; -y-uw^ Lniumii 
 pre^na/u, wrongly cktssed, inserted asain on p. 138, wliere it should l>e ! Siime p. Kcoml column pUciant and 
 peasa7it, wrongly classed, inserted aeain on p. 137, where they should be, with words m v.'hich " the vowel a uf the 
 digraph ea has'jio sound, and e is short" ! Sams p. third column d/tyspring vv-rongly clas-;ed, should be on pasu 134, 
 where spring is inserted ! On p. 109. first column thcocracif. pldlanthropy, and niisanthropy, all wron^'ly classeil. 
 Inserted again on p. 111, where they should be, wliere the sound of r/i is noted ! but philaruhroru \i ditibrontly divi. 
 dedonp. IH.thusphi-lanthropy (109) phil-anthropy (lU!) On p. ll9rirstcoluinn;/-(Z(//r/3/i'7Z. wrongly cla.S;.od. should 
 be on p. 127, with "words in which cj and ri are pronounced as «/j, aiul are united to the pvecjJing .syliable." 
 where addition, &c. are inserted ! Same column intentional, wron'.'ly classed, should be on j). 127, v/Uh " words in 
 which ce, ci, ti and si, are pronouno; 1 iissh' ! Sirne p. second a)liimn cxorJuini, wrongly chujsed, it Is inserted 
 again on p. 120, v.-here it should be with words in which •• x passes into tlie sound oi g^'! Thus, tliC scholar, afi»;r 
 learning the orlfuigraphy oi exordium will pass rcu paiies belorohe will know its proauncialion, viz. U;„:;rhas the 
 sound of g-.r in It ! On p. ill. first column triangular, wronglv classed, should be o.i i>. IZ't v.'here angular is 
 inserted with words in which " the .sound of ne is close"! Same p. second column epUotnue, apostatize, and ini- 
 vioTtalize, all wrongly classed, should be on p. f33, with " v.-ords ending in ize."! Same p. third colunm occciionaf, 
 wrongly classed, should be on p. 122, v,-herc o:,casion is inserted witli v/ords in which s has tiie sound of zh ! Here 
 on p. Ill the scholar can not learn how to pronounce <3Cfa-»/&««Z until he shall arrive at p. 122, where the pronun- 
 ciation of tlie primitive word occasion is given I Same column irrational and propirtional wron:.'ly classed, 
 should be on p. 127, wiiere -'cc. ci,ti and si, are monounccd as sh"! Same n. foiirtli coitmin exhilarate, wiongly 
 classed, should be on p. 120, with words in which " x passes into the sound or gz'\' Thus, ih-^ scholar can net learn 
 tiie pronunciation of this v/ord anv where in tlic book f Same column originate, wrongly classed, i;i   ' .dii 
 
   ", thus, on'r^'/<i^« (111) origtn-ate (i-:i3'.) Sumo p.; 
 
 on p. 12G, where il should be, hnt diMrentiv Aiviicd, thus, origt->iate{U\) origin-ate (I23:) .lumcp. ; .-:u 
 
 exasperate, wronglv clas.sed, insened again 0:1 )). i?o, wisere it should be, but diffcrcntlij divida}, thiu .. .. ,,. , c-te 
 (111,) exaape-rate (120 ') On p 112 first coh^imn covipa^sionMe, dtipasiionatc, and aff'-ctionatc, all wrongly cLis.-;ud, 
 should be on p. 127, where •' ce ci ti nnii •>/. are pronounced as ah"! Snno ji. third column leviathan, wionsly clas- 
 sed, inserted again on p 114 wiiere it should bo, with the sound of th noted i Same p. fourth column uxorious, fifth 
 coiumn luxurious wronffiy'classcd, should be on p. 120, with words in which ••a: passes into the sound oi gz." as 
 the x is followed bv an accented syllable beginning with a vowel, a.s in exordium, cxuberunt, &.c,. \i. 120 ! On p. 
 114 first column thistle, inserted again on p. 143, with words in which t is silent ! Thus, the scholar will not kno\* 
 that t before le is sileir, in fhiitlc when he learns its orihogrnpiiy on p. 1 14 ! Same column next word t/irostle, t ii 
 alsosilent, but throstle is not inserted again on p. 143, so that the scholar will never learn in tiie i"peUing-Bi)o:< that 
 t is silent in throstle ! S>ame column throttle, inserted a-'ain on p. 143! Same column authorize, inserted acain on 
 p. 132, with " words ending in izc"! Sums column thininie. inserted again on p. 142! Pamc p. secoivl oUnim ca,'A- 
 die and plethoric, ijisertod again on p. 131 1 Same column authentic i\nd pathetic, thinl column athletic and m- 
 thartic,a.U inserted again on p. 129! Sau^e column atheistic and rritiinietic, inser.ed a'-'ain on p. 130, an.l both dif- 
 farently diviiled ! Sa'me column ??M:iAodiccZ, again on p. 131 ! S;aue column po/)/r;i£t./;/j. lurain on p. 132 ! Same 
 o^lumn ichthyology, again on p. 124 ! On p. 115, first column clothier, inserted again on p. 121 ! [AH tl^is repetition 
 of words in the diiterent lessons might have been avx)idcd, hac*. the sy-<tem of cla<.iiti cation been contistent and 
 Judicious. Thus, the word clothier, &c. in which there arc two consonant sounds to be noted, the woids should have 
 ueen in theclass of " Words of irregular orthography," on p. 154, where both peculiar ^ound.s coi;'d have been no- 
 ted by spoiling the proimnciation of the words, as he h.as done on that page.] Same column • ;id ichfther 
 inserted again on p. Ill I Same column leather and feather, again on p. 137! Same j). m .:.:i burthen, 
 ag.iin on p. 13S, with " words in v/hich e, i, and o before n are mute," although the e is italic- ; <■.! ;■. ii5, denoting 
 that it is " mute" I Same p. third column fcg^cZ/jfr, again Oii p. 125! Same p. tifth column cf/;\'/^2^'»i'"/i, si.xth col- 
 umn extinguish, wrongly classed, should be on p. l:i4\irith words in which " the sound of ng is cKi.^e." where Ian- 
 guish, &c. are inserted! On p. 118, fifth column chasm, wrongly classed, it is iii.sert^d .ii-ain on p. 123. where it 
 should be, with " words in which c before /i has the sound of A;".' On p. 119 fir' cs.w^ r, j-?;;-, ■; frmr-nfd airaln 
 on p. 140! Sjime p. third column whiffle and fourth column v^histle and ,- :i on \>. U3I 
 Same p. sixth column trhoopitigccugh, v/ronsly cla:;.sfcd, it siiould no/ be in . not/; in the 
 word in imy of Mr. V/ebstcr's Dictionaries, or iii the dictionaries of Johnson or V;dker 1 on p. i^o second column 
 exaggerate, inserted asain on p. 126, and is differently divided, thus, ctagge-ratc (I20) exagger-ate 1120 •> Same p, 
 third column, e,voiic, aiiain on p. 131. On p. 121 first column christian, again on p. 123 ! same p. : unn ex- 
 hau-itl/ni and cxustion. ' "What sound has x in these word.; '.' Mr. Ely has told us ni his " Aiialysi - in the 
 English Language," that ^cis sometimes pronounced as gz." but 7chy it Is so pronounced Lc has /lo ::n )i med us I 
 whe'her because it is loilowed by an accented syllable b.-iginniiii/wi'th a vowel or nor. On pn:.'e J-..'2 Ihiid colMian 
 teraglio, it is inserted asain on p. 155. and is differently divided ! thus, seragl-in (i-^-^ -     - '■ ' " •> On |). 123 
 firstcolumnwc^, inserieil asain on p. 154! S;mie p. second column t/i«jc, wfongl>- i.'inthis 
 lesson, for there is no /i in the v/crd in any of "Webs'cr's diciion.iriD.s, or in i!., "" and 
 Walicer! S.imo column scirrous, inserted with "words in which c before A h:; els 
 no A in the word ! Same p. si.Kth coiumn c/J<J/2ica/, Inserted a^ain on p. 131 ! On 'Ui' 
 fie, again on p. 129 ! Same coiumn chaotic, again on p. 131 1 Same p. r.fc lul r in on p. Uoi 
 Same p. seventh column giggle, again on pril2 ! On p. 125, first co!un;!i ? "'1 Hio houu 
 p. iuxt column ! |!n the first edition of this boo'^, published in New York. dUI 
 not came Iiefore c or i ,• but the blunder was pointed out by a writer in tie .'. ' s^ 
 
 ie23, and 9? '/^'g-anHias been «fr»t7i: out, and jfai,'5'is/{ inserted in it" !''•'' ■• ' ''"{ 
 
 Same p. third column goggle, wrongly cla.ssed. for g iloes net come " l-fVin- '■ /. "r ' \\\ -. ;c<\ 
 
 again on p. 142! Same p. fourth column ^-ird/*?, a-.'ain on p. 142 ! S.-.     hci-.ir.ina .., I .,.._ i. ,i-,iin 
 
 on p. 129 ! On p. 126 lirsi column !oi:ic. again on p. 128 ! Same p. tl. i rhinoceros, again on p. 155 I Ort 
 
 panes 97, 126, 127, and 128, are words in which c, s and t. nave the smui 1 .^. - 
 
 In these lessons the terminations slon, tion, cial, sial, iian. cwwi, tiouf, date ■■: are Inter' 
 
 ir.incrled in such a manner that the scholar can not delcrnjinc, when requirr I to w .d con- 
 
 tained in these lessons, whether to use c, t, or a. the sound beinc ih'; ramo : ;ir> nn, 
 
 emaciate, ingratiaie, &c. ; and it Is evident that the words in \-h\r\\ .'. r. and -? h?<\ . ' bn 
 
 classed in separate les.sons for the same reasons that he ha-^ <: nuj 
 
 k; a.s we learn their pronunciation by assnci.ation, so should . icd 
 
 to. On page 123 fifth column noxiout inserted with " v.ords in •■ , • ' "m • fn 
 
 there is no ce, ci, ti, or ai in the word ! On page 127 fomth .^ilum. . ■■, and i; »tA 
 
 p. sixth column! Same column rtffir.iouji, fifth co\\.\\\\i\ fruit ion, an 1 i. • . .^ft! ?'>"• •■ ^ge 
 
 129 arithnutician, ethic, and ethnic are so classed that the scholar will not Y.- ... as 
 
 they are not on p. 114 or 115 where the difTcrent sounds of //i are noted ! On p. 12. ; , ^..11 on 
 
 p. 155 ! Same p. fifth colv.mn alchimic. wrongly classed, should have been nn p. 123 with " words in which c l^elore 
 n haj the sounJ of k" I "In this clas.-'lfication of the worls cndine in i'- Mr. E'y waii not consistent or uniform j
 
 43 mf}i.ter-s ELEMEKTARY SPELLIKG-BOOK, 
 
 thus he has catholic, aMet;c, on p. I14, mccfutnic on p. iCl, inserted where the sounds of th and c?i arc ncted, ana 
 rcpeiiff :1 licrc ; 
 >!C has aiihiyni 
 the Eoiii;tis of ti 
 
 p. seventh colun^.n pneumatic, usain on p. . , _ 
 
 cented, thus, rhe-tor-ic (129), rhei-o-rio (155) ! ! On paso iiO alchinnstic. analogic, camistic, cafcc/utic, cf})o)Wiotric 
 eucharisHc, geologic, kypoth-Mc, 7iiijtho}ogic,n!Clhc7uc.tic, onhograT'nic, f,c.tithcistic;j:arenthttic, -pathclogic. phil 
 ologic, pklluhthropic. 'pyrotechnic, synfpatheticthailos-ic, theocratic, 'hcorciic, zoclogic p. HI, charcctnistic. en 
 thuiiastic, entomologic, srsmal-osi^^ ornitholos ic, ostc.oJogic, "physiologic, ichthyologic. gothic, chimerical, illofrical 
 whiri^cal, bismiithic, chclsric, tiieoric p. 132, gcthicism, provincicdis/ri, Catholicism, vionotheism. hulotheism, 
 rationalism, scholanicisiu p. 133, niethoiizt, theorize, anathcnuitize. IcstiaHze, catholicize, characterize, ethcrcalize, 
 nationalize, cheiyrrilize, have been inserted on these )ia?es without nny riile having heen jriven, by Mr. K;y, for the 
 pronunciation of ch, th, g, ich, and s. which ocrur in them ! Tims, the scholar who con-^ults the pp.ellinc-book only, 
 will forever remain unacquaiiited with tlicir pronunciation! while art! hint tic, atheistic, chaotic, exotic, polytfie 
 ism, authorize, &c. which occur on the same pages have been inseited on pa,ies U4. 124, 120, <!!:c. where the s( unds 
 of th, ch, X, &c. are noted! Hence Z-lx. Ely has every species of iJieonainUncy imaginable, in th"& classilic-ai:on of 
 the words on pages 130, 131, 132, and 133! 
 
 On pa^e 132 fifth column anglicism, inserted again on p. 13! with words in which " the sound of ng is close" 1 
 On page 133 third column exorcise, is inserted with " words ending in ize," i;ul exorcise has not any z in it in any 
 ©f Mr. Webster's dictionaries, or in the dictionaries of Johnson, Walker, &c. ! On p. 137 ?i-cond a)lumn hucaneer, 
 -with words in which " ch has the sound oish, and i has the sountl of e long," hut bvcancer has no ch or i in it ! and 
 should he on p. 61, with gazetteer, volunteer, &c. Same p. fourth c^ilumn breadth, breath, ear'h. dearth, threat, fifth 
 column health, iccalth, stealth, .sixth column heulihy, tceuUhy, feather, leather, leathern, seventh column threaten 
 with words in which " the vowel a of the di:,'rai)h ea, has no sound, and e is sli'Tt." Only ttco of these words 
 (feather and leather) are inserted on pn^'es ll4,'or 115 where the diflV-rent souiiJs ol' th are noted, (all the others are 
 here inserted on p. 137 without the souiTd of th beiny noted, so that their pronunciation c-m tiot be learned in any 
 lesson contAined m the spelling bo.ik.) Same p. si.xth column heaven and leaven, seventh co'.iinm threaten, inserted 
 lur-lin on p. 139! On page XiB^earthcii, given, istrcn.Tthcn,tengthcn, fMc7cen\). 140, tereathen, icheaten, forgiven, 
 thri&ten, p. 112, v-heedle,p. M4, sociable, ti'hahle, have been inserted without any rule for the pronunciation of th, 
 loh. g. ch, c, which occur in them! while vhitc7i. synecdoche p. uo, thinihle. giggle p. 142, ichiUle, vhitlle. thistle, 
 •whistle p. 143, have\^tcn inserted on pages 119, 121, IH, v.here ihe sounds of tit, vh. g, ch, &c. are noted ! Tlic pre- 
 ceding classification is a great inconsistency, entirely void of uniformity ! On p. 141 sixth column hazle is inserted 
 with *' words in which e trn;d after I Is m.ute :" i)ut e is 7iot final in hazel in any of Mr. Webster's dictionaries, or 
 In ths dictionaries of Johnson or AValker ! The word is, therefore, wronglv classed. 
 
 C)n the last part of page 144. and the fast part of page 145, Mr. Elv has iriven a class of " words nearly, but not 
 exactly alike in pronunciation." Of these he has given cighti/sevth; and, he miirht with as murh propriety, have 
 pivcn Jive hundred other words in the language, as 'Cncscci'.ihty-seven; for the pronunciation of these is no more 
 ^' near!\-, but not exactly fdikc," than htindretU of others in the lansuaee i that is, aarecably to the prommciaiion of 
 Mr. Wc'jsters dictionary. Al'hough Mr. Ely has stated ti'at these "words" are " ncarlv" alike in pronunciation, 
 yet he has not given the pronvnc.iation of any of ihc-ni in this lesson ; and he h;is not, in anv of the prcceiling 
 spelling lessons, given more WvAn forty-nine of these woids; un-i, consenuently the scholar will neverknow from 
 the use of this spelling-book, how to pronuunce thcse?;jM??/«.7;i? wnris* which Mr. Ely savs are "nearly, but not 
 exactly alike in pronunciation," not knowing xcJcat that '•pronurtciattun'' is ! as, are, accept, except, accede, ex- 
 ceed, acre, allusion, acts, ax, ally, allowed.errand, errant,bal!ad. ballot, clcnlie?, cio.-e, consort.dost. immerge.cm( rce, 
 gesture, jester. Idol, impcitor, imposture, naughty, ingeniouj, )ii!\t. raddish, voiiouh siake, siiice, sense, tenure, 
 talents, talons, and value, axe not pronounced in any spelling lesson of the hook; bin. air p. 45.;!i!"eci, effect p 71, 
 achor 123, access, excess p. 75, illusion, elusion p. 122, alley p.S4, assay p.2S, essay p 85, anrision, elTusion p. 122. aloud 
 p. 72, arrantp.l08,addition,eilitionp.i27, bal!-otp.34, creak p.39, creek p.'i9, concert p.R5, descent, dissent p.7l, decease 
 p. 78, disease p. 83, du.st p. 24, elicit, illicit p. 126, earn p. 137, urn p. 23, fat, vat p. 51. harsh p. 27, hash p, 117, idle p. 
 143, knotty p. 136, intrenuous p. 83, morse )). 36, moss p. 32, line p. 22, loin p. 37. loom p. 3n, loam p, 40, med;d p. 50, 
 meddle i). 142, pointp. 37, slack p. 31, tenor p. 43, vallej' }>. S4, are pronounced (m the preceding I'aees 1 i:oK\c of 
 these words here given as being "nearly" alike in pronunciation, are very distinctly different ; as air (d long.) ars 
 (aflat,) as distinctly different sounds as any two in the language! ^jcisnot pronut need in t])0 Siicllina'Entik, 
 neither is the word to be found in Webs 
 
 )ster's sclwol dictionary, but in his (piano he says "it is usu:\lly pronounced 
 ronounce ilrt?' (afiat I) alley and ally nre iliffeiently accented': decenxr -.tv.A 
 disease ; £ long in the first sy liable, and s sharp in decease, but, e" short in the first syllable, .and * '.ike z in botii syl- 
 lables in disease, not very " iiearly alike" in pronunciation ! dost and dvst : dost is not pronoimcrd in the ^pl•lling- 
 Book, or in Webster's quarto dictionary, and the word is not to be found in Webster's .school dictionary, which is, of 
 course, to be used with the Spelling-Book : but in Webster's octavo dictionarj-, it is iironr.uncod with like »' short, 
 so that these two words p. 145, dosi and dust are not "nearly" but "exactly" alike, if Mr. AV'eb-ner's octavo dictionary 
 be the "STANDARD ! !" pint (i long) point. (oMiphthong,) these are not very " nearly alike in pronunciation !" 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 On pace 145, Mr. Ely has given a class of "words of the same orthograph.v, hut differently pronounced!" 
 Of this class of words, there arc in the language, lacknowledgcd by Mr. Webster in his dictionaries,) about one 
 hundred and sixteen, that is, differently «ccc;iraJ and ?);w/o?OTt^f?. when differently applied. Of tliesc, Mr/Ely has 
 clas.sed but twenty-one, in this lesson p. 145 ! Vt'e might reasonulTy suppose thai ivir, Ely would insert all of "these 
 words, subject to different pronunciation or accentuation when ^iiiferenily applied, if any, in a lesson of this kinl 
 p. 145; for, the scholar would, most unq'.iestion.ably, O-'olude. when looking at the title of this lesson, that IMr. Ely 
 has classed all of them ; and, with this conclusion, wouid for ever renxiin ignorant of the fact, from the use of this 
 lesson, that there are in tlie langiuuie, IN'LN'ET ii -FIVE other " words of the aavic orthograjth-)/ , bvt diffej-entl>> p7 0- 
 no?/ncfd 'or accented, similar to the TWENT'V'-ONE Avhich he has classed ! Again, Mr. Ely has. in The preceding 
 lessons, intermingled NINE of Ihcse ninety-five words with their dittorent accentuation or prornmciation noted ; 
 as, concert pages 85 and 144, contest pp. 35 and 76, contract pp. 68 and 71. termen.'. pp, 71 and 105, object and subject 
 pp. 64 and 71, rebel pp. 44 and 100, refuse pp. S3 and 8S, soto pp. 45, 55, and 149, which are not here classed on p. 145 ! 
 and the SIXTY-ONE following words are inserted with 'miy one accentuation or pronunciation noted, neither can 
 we learn from his spelling-book that they ever should be <lifferently accented or pronounced ! as, concrete, convoy p. 
 28, house, mouse p. 36, use p. 37, close i>p. 37 and 144, rise pp 37 and 119, gout p. ?3, grease p. 39, attribute p. 49, 
 minute p. 50, frequent p. 53, overflow, overthrow p. ci, abject, instinct, progress p.'fi4, descant p. 63. counter- 
 march p. 70, jircfix, augment, abstract, affix, extract, insult, traject, co'.icct, conduct, conflict, pr'^iect, conipact p. 71', 
 Impress p. 75, digest, import, transport, escort, comport, desert, contrast, convert, protest p, 76, retail p. 73, supine 
 confine, console p, 79, abuse, excuse, diffu.se p. Si, transfer, con.-crve, convei.sc p. lOO. tonnont p. 104. aliscnt, [ircscnt, 
 convent p. 105, accent p. 108, exile p. 120, precedent p, 125, raven p. 139. cousori p. 144, lead p, 14S, are inserted with 
 but one accj^ntuation or pronunciation in any of the spelling lessons of the bcok ! Aeain: there are TWENTY- 
 FIVE other wrras of this class, subject to diirsrcnt accentuation or diffen nt pronuiiciation when dificrently appli- 
 ed, of which the scholar will fur ever remain isjiorant unless he shall refer to some other source than tlie Elnn-yntOr 
 ry Spelling-Book, as they are no; many of the spelling le.ssons with cjf/jfiv acceiuuation or pr; nur.ciation ! i as, fore- 
 taste, presage, export, bombard, discord record, fxilluigue, produce, comer t. incense, undress, discount, cr-nfcct, 
 comi)ress, complot, compound, countermine, countermand, misconduct, disuse, put, &c. &c, and these words 
 which Mr, Ely has entirely omitted are a.s important as those lie has inr.crtcd ! Several of the preceding class of 
 words are pronounced or accented but wje way in Mr. Wel,ster's dMOf?(?c/wo dicti'mary, hut are r7P0 ways In Mr. 
 Webster's octavo dictionary ! As pei-fume, bombard, discord, colleague, abject, entrance, discount, confect, instinct, 
 mouse, and frequent. The word entrance is .spelled with », when a verb, in iMr. Webster's quarto, but with 
 c in his octavo ! In his duodecimo published in i8so, he spelled it with c. agreeing with the octavo : but in the edi- 
 tion published in 1831, it is spel'ed entran.se with s, ugreehiir with the ouarto! Thus if we take the octavo or 
 d!//3dcc?;H0 of 1830, for the standard, entrance, verb luiu nonn, should bo 'in this les.son. as spelled alik^. differ- 
 ently accented ; but if we take the quarto or duvlecimo of i83l for the standard, they should not be in this lesson, 
 being spelled differently ! [Surely rtlr. Ely would have been in a dilemma relative to the ortho.?raphy of this word 
 had he not wed " Walker's Rhymitig Dictionary, London cd/non, 1824," icheti classing these irords.'] 
 
 On pages i45, 146, 147, 148, 149, and 150, Mr. Ely has given a lesson of "Words pronotinced alike, but differ enl 
 in orthogra'phy." This is one of the most important lessons contained in any Spclling-T3ook ; for, unless these 
 Vfotas are associated with their respective distinctive definitions, it is iropossiblo forth* scholar to become ao-
 
 COMPILED BY AARON ELY. 43 
 
 mialnted vrlihlheir ortfio^aphy,lhciT pronunciation being alike. From the title of this lefjcn, ftnd Its evident 
 fmportance iu a Sijelling-Eook, we Mii^'ht rexisonaLiy exiiuct tiiat iMr. Ely hivl inserted all the comnion wcirds of this 
 c1;isb in tlic language ; tiiat l:e had not iiiseited any ot these words in the ]>recei!irig f^peliing leaions where the Uis- 
 tinciivedeliuitions -.uenot given, as it is iiupcnsUte lor the sciioiar to aistingu:.:h the si«ll)ng <.i words whic)- 're 
 pio.'iouiiced alike, but speilud -inrcrentiy, wnen tliey are iiiternnngied wiiii oUicr wcids, and ttoi ii.<iOciaied with 
 their Ui^ii'iitivf. dct:niiioi)s. Arid wo niighialso exj cct that tlieir ii.onuiiciuti' n wuiild he givun in tins le.^s.n : and 
 tJicii no words w: uM hehpie cidised wii:ch are /«o^ pr.no.uicedaiiiie : yet, liiis le>son isdcjcUvt.in all the prece- 
 diniT. and in some otlicr paruculais, us will be fully siiown. 
 
 Fiist :— There aie icknowiedged hy lilr. Wehiter, eitlier in hjs spelling-book or dictionar)', ahout seven hundred 
 and cli;h(ij words of this cuuss : set .Mr. Ely I'^i-^ c!a»S! d in this lesion cnly Jovr hunuiea and fjrujsix, of which 
 he says two nr more are sounded alike, hut tew more than half \n tl;c lanj;ua^e. 
 
 Secji;dly :— There are two hun:lredand ninety-three cf these /<>«>• hundri'ii and forty-six words, intermingled in 
 the precediiiii and ildloivinsr siiellins le.5sons, where their distinctive deiiniiioDs are Jiot i/iven, which, as a matter 
 of prudence, should not be inserteil tioice to the e.vclusion ot other words in co'nm-in am", general use : 
 
 As all i.age W, Ac. pss'; 22, air jjiipes 45 .iiiil 144. lieM- p:ige 45. alier jj-ige 107, aut paee'Zi, iirk j.a^e Sf. aiuiMt j.;ipe 103, (where it is 
 d'iffcieiil\y iicciiileil !) auger [> i2C 125, liitil page lU, 'ij.-a<: |.a.(:e '^, l/;iii puet; 1'2, lnwl l-iigc 47. Iiase l-age 'Jii. _' 20, {l\pict on ihiit 
 
 pa<;e !) b.er l-age 45. i>iii page *'l, and again on page 32 ! LiLiry page 01, buiy uage l5->, Ijeat pag'i; 43, bi . ;tu i age 46, Uue 
 
 page 38, boar page 45. bore page 'ii, bow I'age; 5.5 ami 145. !)ow uage 45, bread page 1S7, bred p;i»re 26, h- . „ -Jj, Ijay, bey pagt 
 
 55, bee page 23, beach page 3a. boll jiage 32, bowl pagt 40, bole page 22, uoii j.ago 23, bui page 21, ln-ake pa-e42, i.reali p .ee 
 40, caiu; page iti, call pa«;e 32, cannon, i-auoii page 56, cession, session page lOS, •anva>s page 101, se.'d page 40, course, 
 coarae jjage jS, cuat page 45, core page 2i, corjjs page lol, sell page 32, cenlnry paae ii, cnolcr page I2S, ollar page 34, cbonl pag'i 
 123, ciie,eiiapa?e 22, sjfjiit pa?-! US, chronicle page 123, compferaeiil page 91, <-oiriplii::ent page 62, ami again on [ngeSl! coiikin, 
 cozen page l39,"cMrrenl p.ige 105, deer page VJ Hear page 45, cask page 3T, cedar page 25, and aeain on pa<ic 57 '. tec I (i.ge 2S, -ml, 
 scent page 23, an,1 again in iliis lessi-n on p.»-.e 149 1 ! cellar pase 31, clinie page 43, tynilol page 7S, and again o.j pago -50 ! colur p. ge 
 
 id. leak pat:; 3:t, lain page 4U, lane page 22, anft again on jjage 45 ! led; pa"', 'fl, Ic. - •■iigi; !39, L>d i.az'j MO, ly,r p^ge 35, low 
 
 page 15. lac« i-ige L<'., i-c page 29 leal,T;i,lVa/c 39, loan |.ag<.- 10, lore page ii. lower p ice 1 ij. locK pag- 31 . iocii ; igc l'<3, main page 
 4t', inane, ra.«l2, male paS'^ 'ii, maid page 3U, mail p. 40, manor, p. 43. meet p. <S. me;;t p.'45, mien, mcai'i p. 40, mule p. 22. ii.iiior p. S, 
 "■ " —45, more, uii:e jiage 22, mettle page 142, naiiglii page 47, nay page 55, net page 21. ought page — 
 
 rruan i.;ij" 4U, moat page 45, more, uii:e page 22, mettle page 142, naught page 47, nay page 55, net page 21. ought page 15C, Bar page 
 45, Oil- I "','•• -a. win page 3<j, onr, hour page 3:^. plnni page 20, pale page 22, pail, p;.in page 40, pane page 22, pala'.e p.ige iO, j allel 
 pege '>>, p'le pag'e 22, poll page 32, | ccl page 29, peal page 40, pair page 45, i-ure page 141, plain p-age 10. pray, prey page 55, in.pt ei 
 
 111. .. -i'J, wjod p^ure Aj. v.oiil'i '.age '151, wether p-ge 115, been, bean. oue.'Joue 
 
 do-.-.j:'! - . . - , . - . _.-..■;■-. DKKIJ ANjy MXETY-THliEE V>"ORDS— all of which are inlerrj.iuglei 
 
 iu ilie 11 iiH.ii.-: With other worus wnere lueir UuU.ictice uelinilioiis lue not given, and are again inserted on these pages, 145, 14S, 147 148 
 149, and 150 ! > ' . 
 
 Tiiirdly :— Tliere are in the preceding spelling lessons, where their distinctive deflnitions are net piven, fifty-six 
 words, twoof which are pronounced alike, hut which Mr. Ely has 7ict classed in this lesson, neither ain the scholir 
 learn their distinctive ilehniiions in any of the spelling lessons of the l)COk ; as ate paije 22, end eight page 45 ; bare 
 a'.id bear page 141 ; day and dey p;ige 55, flew p;ige 43, and flue paire 29 ; fore pa::e 22,~and four pajre 45 ; gage page 
 22. and gauge paie 1-54 ; gait page 45. and £:ate page 22 ; hole p:i:re 22,' and whole page 119; maiz jiasrc 39, and maze 
 page 22 r niaie jiage 141, ana mayor page 74 ; mead jiage 39, and meed I'age 29 ; pecir page 29, and jiier pag^e 45 ; pbiit 
 p;<L'e45.and i>iate page47 ; soar page 45, and sore page 22; sine page 22, and si^/n pa'^ge 138 ; !a:0 page 22, and tail 
 paire 40 ; tole p. 22, toil |iage 32 ; tiay and tre.v pase 53 : wane pajje 22. and wain paee 45; ween paire 29, and wean 
 p:-.i.'e 40; wail pairc- 32, and waul pare 47; dust i-'ige 24 and 145, aJid ddst page 145 ; [Th^se twoword.^ri™ clas.'^cd on 
 page 1 15, as being "/jof exactly alike in pronuiici.ition," but in i\]r. Webster's octavo dictionary they are pronounced 
 alike ! dost is not in V.'ebster's duodecimo ilictionary !j nit page 21. and knit pa^e 136 ; bruit iJa£re 45. and biute 
 page 118 ; anker page 5S, and anchori^age 123 ; travel pai^c 57, and travail page 73 : cruel pa.?c £5, and crewel page 
 87 ; asijerate and aspirate iia.'e 103— FIFTY-SiX— are not classe.l with their distinctive dehnitions ! 
 
 Fourtiily :— Mr.Ely Iws also inserted in the other lessons seventy three words each of which ha.-^ another word cor- 
 respoiu'in.g in.-rouml in ."Mr. V.'eh^for's dictionary, not one of winch is in this ie.-son, or in any other speUiiiir lesson 
 of ilie book, consciiueiHly t; ' can nor, Irom the use of the Eietiicntcry Spellint'Bo k, ever t>econie ac<]uaint- 
 
 ed witli the oithO;:rapliy or ,• definitions of the sixty-eight words c'orrcsponiing in round with these ! as 
 
 bait paL'c 45, h ■• .-,.,.. . . .,. 29 yn,i .<car page 45, slaiej age 141, h'rard p:ige 39, hay and key 
 
 |).-ige 55. (fiu.t;.   tavodictiotiai-j-,) peak'pa£re 09. place pace 42. j'Orf pa^e 55. fotit 
 
 paL'e 45, <iuceii i-.»-^ *^, 1. .. ..: , - ,jj,..._.> ,.>_,. 45, (wy: in Webster's ducdecimo. liiil in his fctavn dictionary,) 
 swear paw 45 and 141, tiaone pare £4, core pai'c 22, thyme pacre 37, beaux pa^e 154, wade pa.?? 22. wail paire <o, 
 v.'heel p:i:.-e 119, cliaste paL'e ll8,chrirpaire 37 and 123, [choir is pronounced as quire both in Webster's tciavo ann 
 scho.)l diciiidiaiies, but ?,Ir. Ely has insenc 1 it in the .'Spelling- Book on pages 37 and IS.S, and in both caseshas sriven 
 01 the diplithor.gal sound, contrary \olcth the dictioi'.aries ! ! l] i;!;iase i-.Tce 37, gloze pare 47, nose page S7, lees page 
 2.9, (lease, to glean, is pronounced as lees in V.'ebster's octavo, but not in his school dictionary!) greaves I'are 43, 
 toid p.ige 27, \)i\'.~9 pcce 27. praise pai-e 39, jirize, fav.n i -^c 17, c!au.':e pasre 47, haw i);:ge 55. pru.-e i>aife 47. sense 
 paire 145, 1 ';5, gild page 124. Jest p;u:e 24, g 15, jam, na:: piV?e 20, retch I'age 36, runs pnio iJi, 
 
 terse fia;" -'i 31. whnnp )i-.irc 119, threv.- ;) 'er pav! sr, li'ly p:iee 25. prior, razor page 57, trea- 
 
 thvpi'-'j tT. c ' ' . '■' r "     "   ' -■ fjf- 61, pei.cil page 
 
 44. uN'.iii |). "o : , inieiition pages", 
 
 seii'.c ; • . r... i J • I riiw.i.. S' 1. i^i,-.-,— u.', \'.tJiu5 i.'_ii'- pv;:'.'.:i.^ '.: ^- '^ 1 "i-ii V l;!cii are «or in 
 
 any k! 
 
 Fif' " T rrrr.-it i-,-',-.i- v-'^'-''-- "<■''-;- '-'-'r>^ In Mr. We'" ■■^'''■''''on:iry, ♦>»;«.♦ 1", rwo or more 
 
 whicli ar^ h lias Mr. F, t in this Ic.--Min, neillif-r are 
 
 thcyinr.j; r ,.,ik;:;'' r v,:'! :\er he laucht their 
 
 s iind. or' .c are .such words 
 
 inihel.ii;. ;e. sice, and sichs, 
 
 ^rc and sii'iier, i.l:aii:h: tier, waive and wavi'. iialdaiid l.;;.v;ed, cinqiieaiid .-ink, hnjb ;>nd limn, 
 
 links ",iid l\ ;ix. hrui.-e .:nd CTev,--, (nitin" ;m d, Iv-^'inu', w»akly and weekly, n.arp-rhal, marshal, 
 
 t'.: d, l»;;tor an.l h.tuir, calh.u.! am! c:> '-L-ie. cy^rnet and sitrnet, disc4 u- and discu.s, subtle 
 
 a arnar and nrriero chnerln a>'d '^' 1 and aspiration, &c. &c. noae of whicl\ are In any 
 
 of I: I 'J.'.'lV.'- ' . ' ' ■" ':■ .1 
 
 .Sixildv: — .\ ii of the words in this i.'^spon, wc can not .nsrortain how he 
 
 mfnde.l a nm.Mi . ui ;,.   ■. .,- > ~ -1 mun 1 • d ! as bell and l)ellc, by and buy. sealing atid rcilif g, ci<'n 
 
 und -iuu, council and course!, die and dyo.di: r, Idc and hirli, hire and hiL-hcr, indir? ai-d indite, l;sr. tier, 
 
 and lyre, o'l and owe, f' •> "■' ■■''■- >•'■■ . . 1 \. m.:i' Im'v .umI (■..> \i.ni;irid viol, &c. ; 3.1thixigh 
 
 Mr, Elv las -aid at the : 'i the pronunciation of 
 
 e/.'/zT o^ 'lie wo-.-;',.>of 1 ! 
 
 hc'Tiiid.v :— 'i'iicre i- > l.issed • n!y tiro or three words 
 
 of sill I'ai- sound, when in Webster's (':rfionar>' : as by 
 
 buy, pare pair, raiti leipn. .■.•uarsl.fcr, s' ly slv-y bleigh.loo two, vaiic vciii, iiui has cnitttedto cless with them bye, 
 bear |i. Hi, rein, i-hire.slalc.to, vain p. 45 i" 
 
 Eighthly :—?dr Klv hn? clisred a ninnber of V. • . - -   " d aljv-p. whirh rvld^rtl.v nre 
 
 not, and biould r^c: b2 ;dike: as c'.nt:auy and cr-: ; t :nd cu'.f i.i ,■;' nibc) and 
 
 cyr.:b(l, I'rli.f ;p:d and priTtp'.e, #:c, (Oi '" '   ^' r'ludatd n<'".'!f wlti; - woids 
 
 Tiearli/. but nor exactly alike in prc>nunci' d liic prpccdir.c wo. :. rhiorleal and 
 
 chronicle, pi liM-ipal and principle, haviiigi:- .'/,, :-■.. .a. ..1 - i.. ..i. '■ .;i.dd'«!), as Ijeing icoim unred ^W.-?.' '" 
 
 Xirihly:— Mr. Elv has also spelled a number of tl:cse word* corurcry to Wcteter'i dictlc!^ar>- , ihuc. Ui2£ Ob
 
 4i Webster's ELEMENTARY SPELLING-BOOK, 
 
 ttiUsiO do«S not appear at nil in Weoster's school dictionarj'. nnd this class (b;ist?, low. vile, ar.<l bass in musicj tk* 
 «or belong in thi.- lesson! boult, (to sift) does not apiJear in "NS'obster's school dictionary, and this class (bolt, a fast- 
 ening to a door, and boult, to sift) does not belong in this lesson ! casque, (a helmet) does not appear in Webster's 
 school dictionary, and this class (cas^c, a vessel for liquids, and casque, a helmet.) does not belon,? in this lesson i 
 draoum, (a snuiU weight) does not apj)ear in Webster's school dictionary, and this class (rir;im, a drink of spirit, and 
 drachm, a smali wei^lit) does not belonfr in this lesson! nought (none) is not the preferable spelling in Webster's 
 school dictionarj', and this class (naught, bad, and nought, none) does net belong in liiis lesson i nett (clear of 
 charges) does not appear in V.'ebster's school dictionary, and this class (net, a woven snare, and nett. clear of 
 charges) doss not belong in this lessoni ouse (tanners' bark) does «o? appear in Webster's school dictionary, and 
 this class (ooze, to issue oiU, and ouse, tanners' bark) does not belong in this lesson ! route, (a way or course) is 
 «o/ the preferable spelling in Webster's school dictionary, and tliis ciass (rout, a confused quarrel, and route, a 
 coarse or way) dr«s «o? belong in this lesson! seine, (a fish net) is spelled contrary lo Webster's dictionary; 
 should be sein ! (In Mr. Webster's quarto and octavo dictionaries lie sa3-'s under the v.urd net : "it is sometimes 
 written nett, but improperly," yet Mr. Ely has inserted nett in this lesson ! !] Tims Mr. Ely lias inserted in this 
 lesson EIGHT classe;> of " words pronounced alike, hxxirdifftrent in orthography," while they are in Webster's dic- 
 tionary with but one ortliography ! 
 
 Tenthly :— Mr. Ely has, in this lesson, on p. 146 second column, inserted cent, sent and scent, with their distinc- 
 tive definitions ; and, he has inserted sent and scent again on p. 149, first column ! ! On p. 147, Hun and nap are 
 inserted txirice ! On p. 119, he has " rear, to raise,"' and " rear, the hind part." with rear spelled alike in loth cases ; 
 yet Mr. Ely has classed it here with " words pronounced alike, Ivt DIFFERENT in orthography" \ i ! Same page 
 149, Mr. Ely has inserted " shore, sea coast," and " shore, a prop," v/ith shore spelleil alike in both cases ; yet 
 he has classed it here v.'ilh " words, different in orthography" ! i [In Mr. Webster's old Spclline-Book. he had, 'on 
 p. 148, "shore, side of a river," and, " shoar, a prop," a blunder which he evi;Jcntly copied from Dihvorth's Spel!- 
 ing-Book. This blunder Mr. Ely corrected, cither by the assistance of Walker's R,hyming dictionary. London Edi- 
 tion 1824, (See Introduction tothis review p. 6,) or from llie criticism whicli appeared "in tlie Albany Arsus (see p. 32,) 
 yet he has reffiw?^^ the word in this lesson with words rfvj?erf»f in orthography!!!] The definitions ot some of 
 ihese classes are rather sinsiilar, as " nap, on cloth ;" ''fane, a weather-C'"ck," <S:c. &c. ! [See 'Webster's school 
 dictionary, in which they are not thus defined.] On pages 150. 151. i.r2, \Wi. Mr. Ely has given short sentences, in 
 which the words of distinctive definitions are exhibited, as, " V/hat aits the child ?" &c. &c. In these sentences Mr. 
 Ely has inserted letter and Icttor, calendar and calnndtr, wead, fuv: and f.ne, peak nnd pique, peer and 
 pier, pore and pottr, rein, sign, threw and throv^h, strait and straight, tail and tale, &c. when he has not classed 
 one of them with the words of distinctive definitions ! On p. 154 and 155, Mr. Ely has given a class of" vwrds of 
 irregular orthography." This lesson contains a great many words which were in the lesson contnininE- words of 
 distinctive'definitions, and. therefore, as the pronunciation of those words is ??of given, this lesson (p. 154) sliouki 
 have preceded the words of distinctive detinitions, or their pronunciation he given to avoid the repetition of 
 tliem here ; as p. 154, beau, been, isle, one. done, would, dough, nei?h, sleisrh, weich, bough, p. 155, seignior, &c. ! 
 
 On p. 155, he has a class of words in Avliich " h after r is silent," and on p. 129 he ha.s i7ietoric, and on p. 126 rhi- 
 noceros with h italick ; and they are inserted again in this lesson ! 
 
 On p. l-J'^- jMf- l^ly has a cl^ss of words of which he says, " in the following, vs at ihe end f'f the primitive word 
 are silent ;" and he has inserted roguish in this lesson, in which there is no tie ! acain, he has rcguery. in Avhich tirO 
 «e are not silent in Webster's octavo, bill are in Ills school dictionary ! And again, he hr^s itio-^uvc ^md opaque, in 
 this lesson, wrongly si-'Clled and classed, as they are both spelled without ite in Webster's school dictionary, thus, 
 ^osk and opake .' ! 
 
 A great evil attending this S3-Siein of classification by terminations, is, that the scholiirs will, in nianj' instances, 
 obtain the habit of a monotonous sing sone pronunciation ; and, the S3'steni also leads, in a gri^at many instances, 
 toerrourin the pronunciation of the termin.'^tin^ syllable; thus, on p. 104. fourth column, chilblain, vill.dn, mort- 
 main, plantain, vervain, cur'a-.n, in which the sound of at should be cliangcrl '/j/y^ times in sounding the si.x words, 
 from long a to short i, and from long i to short a ! The scholar v.ill, as tr.cy are now clas.-cd, na'urally pronounce 
 them all with a lon.T.'or a.l.l with i sli-Tt ! Same page second column, annuls and entrails, and no rule is given for 
 their pronunciation. The srho'ar will, most unquestif^nabLv. be inclined to pronounce both. tennin:4tio.''is with a 
 short, or a long. The same may be said of the next tv.-o v.-ords Tnittev^ and nnn'rncns. in whicii teTOiinations they 
 ■will pronounce the ^ and q alike. &:c. &c. examples of which may be seen on almost evciy pace of the book, whtio 
 there are spelling lesions. ' ' 
 
 ARUAXGEr.iErn'. 
 
 Next in importance to the proper ctors^l/I^afrc?/ of words intended for spelling lessors, ccntriinin? the rilffercnt 
 and peculiar vowel and consonant i-ounds, is flie due arrangement of the words thus c!as:-ed, according to tiie ease 
 or difticulty with which their orthocrraplij' and pronunciation arc learneJ. 
 
 Thus, on page 29. Mi". Elj' h-as inserted monosyllables (*:ntaining ce, en p. ?o, those containing oo, and on p. 32 
 words which contain dL Iv. gir. II, s>>\ rr, as lees, breer.c. goc.?e, oi'd, ehb, c^p, pass, purr, itc. niid pace S6 in which 
 dse, tch, lp"7, mph, &c.. as midge, scratch, sylph, nymph. d:c. But, on p. 42, he has word.^ v.-ith a, i. and o lone, as bhide, 
 slide, choke, p. 43. spo::e, Idame, p. 47. tine, drone, brave, drove, which are much raoreeasy for the scholar to learn 
 than those on pages -.j!?, so, z-2. and p. 36. preceding them as noted above i Again, Mr. VAy has a class of mi-no-ylhvbles 
 on p. 117 wliich are more easib' learned than those on pp. 32, or 3S i A train. Mr. Ely has on pases ."ji and 5?, inserted 
 words offovr syllables, nnd on p. 61, lie has easy won'.s of nro syllables I He has a class of v.-rrds of t'nree syllables 
 on paees 82 and S'i, and words of ti'jo syliablos "much more easib' learned on pasres W and 87 ! On paire ^4. he ha.', 
 ditficult monosyllables in which the sound of th is exhihifed, and on n. 117. thirty pages after them, he has easy 
 monosyll-.iblPs ! On pr.'.'es l-.?4 and 155, he has words in v>iiich g )<5 hard before r. ?, jind y. whicb. i^ one of the mo^l 
 easy lessons in the sp^i! in e-book, placed after the v,-ords in v-hich .r has the sound of gx. p. ue, t th.e .sound of t'k, 
 
 I). 121, i the sound of y, p. 122. s and z, the "sound of zh. p. if^C and 12", ch like k. p. 12?, which are the most di^cult 
 essons in the spellitis-bciok ! On p. 13!. he has v.-nrds in which yi^" has its o^-^u and clORe For.nd, Avhich isono of 
 the most ca^r; lessons in the bc-ok. p'acad after the words in whi'-h r, s, and t. have fiie sound of f/i. on pp. 12.^ 1-27, 
 and 128, which are the rno-^f rtilficuit in thclanEruirrc! And again, the v/nPls which end in -"^ on pa.pe^ 141. U3, 143, 
 and 144, are placed r'i't":r ten ov \ytpon h'sscnc, the orthograitby of whicli is move difjici'lt to be obtained, than that 
 ^f the lessons prece-ii.ng, a- abo'-p j-iced. Thus, I thuik it will appear evident to cve"fy person, o:j examination, that- 
 these lessons are not ail arranged vith duo regard to the ease of learning their orthography (jr pronunciraion. 
 
 ' ORTHOGTlAPir*. 
 
 There is, (lerhaps. no liranch of education by v.'hich the learned and the iIl!ton;tc arc so readi'o' and ro generally 
 
 " "" " ses of citizens, 
 
 mild be willing 
 ition f.w chil- 
 dren, and should eneag? the attention of parents, and an Teachers onore rvphrAcVi/. .^ince it may fai riy be assumed 
 that one third (<i the whole time spent in acquiring a useful education, is devoted' to this pnriicdlar branch. 
 
 I will r "' ~ ~ ' " 
 
 Of the er 
 contrary ' 
 NEOUS than that of the oM one ! 
 
 first :— Mr. Ely has spelled a great many words contrary to allot Webster's dictionarlrs, but agreeably \o John*. 
 Bon and Walker ! 
 
 Secondly :— Mr. Ely has sr-<^ll''d a number of words conrr^r?/ to the onho-rraphvof TIv/.iYr'ff duod'^cimo .ccl.ool 
 dictionary, "}iis la^f tcurk, allvriucn and corrected by himself," hut agreeably to eilher Wetster's octavo or quaitn 
 dic'ionary ! 
 
 Thiriily :-Mr. Ely has spelled a number of woi'ds contrary to ALL of Wcbslcrs dlctimtarles, l ut agreL'ably to 
 Web:<ter's old spcUin.g-book ! 
 
 Fourthly ;— P/lr. E'y' has spelled a numbt^r of words ce/ntrarv to / I,L Webster's di.cticnarigs, contrrn--/ to hifi oM 
 «pellin»r-book, and .-il-o ronf ffiry to the orthOTraphy of J.ihnson and Walker 1 : 
 
 Fifthly :— Mr. Ely h?s iilso s;-,e!led tl>e eame words in fvo n'FFFRT^NT v.-pv.^, v.-hilo it 1.=; cTK-llcd but aje way In 
 f?2 0f Wcl)Stfr> dinionari'^s M '
 
 COMPILED BY AARU.N KLY. 45 
 
 Sixthly :— Mr. Kly has frequenily spelled a word hut om wav. while it is spelled two ways in Webster's dictiona- 
 ries; and, he has sometimes giver, the ortho?raphy which Mr. Webster /itw preferred, by placing it first in his 
 dictionaries, and at other times he has given that which Mr. Welreier has not preferred '. 
 
 Thus, on i)a?e8, Mr. Ely has Lrancr, agreeably to V/ebstor's dictionaries, and on pa;:e 122 he has it brazier, con- 
 trariy lo all of them ! On pa;;o 13, trissyUable with ss, crjiitranj to all Webster's dictionaries ! On pag* 20, he has 
 spelled rui (rudd.) contrary to Webster's dictionary ! On p;ige 21. he has sp-illcd dam (du'.nb,) contrary to Websior's 
 dictionary ! Samopai'^e r«n, ami it is ?o/r« in Webster's dictionary ! S;ime pa^e ii(H, ;md it is spelled ^wi and 
 
 tidaary! Op. pa.'^e-2i, cMpt, blest, drest,cur:iC,:\nA they a.\-e s\<shed chappa','hUiscd, drcsf^'J., and cwrsgd in Web- 
 ster's school diction iry ! ! Same pa.^e 2i, cUt, and it is spelled cyst on paj;e 8, and in a'.l Webster's dictionaries ! ! 
 Oil p<'5e 20, swop, and it is spelled sicap on page 47, and in Webster's scliool dirlionarj- '. Same paire 26, sfd, and 
 it is spelled siea/i on page U7, and it is spelled in ihes<: two ways in Webster's dictionaries ! hut sttai is placed^rrt 
 in the dictionary, and .Mr. Ely lias «fcd first in the spelling-book, so that tlie scholar who learns eted on pane 26, will 
 pass one liunJrcd and ten p;iges before he will know Webster's preferable, spelling stead ! ! On page 27, crancfi, 
 contniry to Webster's quarto and octavo dictionaries, but It is spelled craunc/i and cranch in the school dictionary^ 
 but craunch is placed first as the preferable spelling in that dictionary ; Mr. Ely has therefore, spelled it contrary 
 to all of them ! On same page 27, hanch, contrary to Webster's quarto and octavo, but in the school dictionary he 
 h;is It hanch, haunc/i in one place, and haunch and hanch in another ; thus, alternately givinaeach spelling a pref- 
 erence by placing it first III On page 29. .Mr. Ely has spelled sneek, contrary to Webster's dictionary, but on pagt- 
 39, he has spelled it sneak, agreeably to Webster! On page 30, ton. coiurary to Webster's dictionao', and on p:i^( 
 I5u, he has spelled it tun, agreeably to Webster ! On paic 31, slick, contrary lo Webster's school dictionarj-, in 
 which ii Is spoiled sicsA;.' [SrtcA: is the ww^s'ar pronunciation of s/ecfc.'l On pase 32, .?ca//, contrary to Webster's 
 school dictionary, in which it is spelled scald ! On same p;ige 32, burr and bur two.v/ays, and but one way (bur) 
 in Weuster's dictionary I On same page 33, trcs%. The word is noMn Webster's school dictionary, but in thB 
 quarto and octavo it is spelled tarrace, tarrats, tcrrass, and tro-is, and Mr. Ely has taken the orthography least pre- 
 ferred by Mr. Webster, or the shortest spelling! ! On page 35, cii/nfrey and comfi-y in Webster's school dictionary; 
 but it issjielled r/irffi ways in Webster's quarto and octavo dictionaries, thus. cow//v?,/. com fry, a.nd cunifrey ' f 
 On page 37, p?ileM2, and Jieani in Webster's dictionary ! Same page 37, coif And ouoif, but cotf is the preferable 
 word in Vr'eljster's dictionary ! On page 40, 7nein, and on page 148. it is .spelled 7nien .' On page 41, he has 
 
 ster's scliool dictionary, but contrary to the quarto and octavo ! On page 45, chinta, contrary to" Webster's school 
 dictionary, but agreeably to his quarto and octavo' Same page"45, shetc vcad show two ways, but o«< way 
 (show> in Webster's school dictionary ! On pa?e 47, haunt, flaunt, and vaunt but cjie way, and thev are all 
 spe'led two ways in Webster's school dictionary ! On page 19, entkraUtrunt, and inthrallment in a'l 'Vi^ebsier's 
 rtictionarie 
 his quarto 
 5S, ledger, 
 to all W- 
 
 jireferable spelling in Webster's school dictionary ! On same' page 59, pot'atne. contrary to Webster's quarto, 
 hut aireexbiy to" his school dictionarj' I Same page maneuver and v/classes, and manoeuvre and mo- 
 icsfcs is the preferable :ip(l'Mnz m the octavo! On p. 61, debonair, contrary to all three of Webster's d\Cr 
 tionaric:; (Acbonnair,) but agreea-.ly to liis old sp?llin.'j book ! On same p. 61. sentry, and in Webster's school 
 dictionarv, he .says, "sentry, a corruption of the word sentinel!" Scime p. j/n'n.'ri/.'and winter^-, in Webster^ 
 dictionary ! p. 62. liLly, and lily Web.>ter's dictionary ! p. 62, holiday, spelle.l tiohjday in the dictionary ! p. 64, rihii 
 and porpiss i nd ribbon and porpoise is the preferable spellint' in Webster's ocLavo dictionarv ! Same p. gordon, 
 tioo svil-.tbles and it is spelled gordian, three syllables, in Webster's dictionaries' ! Same p. gri^fKn, spelled griffon 
 In Webster's dictionaries ! On ji. C5, giinblet, spelled tico ways in Webster's octavo dictionar3-."lhus, irimllet. gim- 
 let .' On p. 63. scurrilous with rr, but with sinsle r in Web'^ter's school Uictionary ! On p. 70. 'a'mnnack with A:, but 
 it is spelled without /'; in Webster's octavo dictionary! Pjunc p. laiireat, and laureate in Webster's dictionaries! 
 Smie [). 70, pompion and pumKnn, and it is spoiled pumpkin in Webster's schail dictionary ! On p. 73. fumdselani 
 on p. 157 hansel ; and it is spelled handsel only in Webster's dictimarle -; : hansel is agreeable to Webster's old spe'i- 
 lin-'-b'-)0'v ! S,ime p. 73. sylvan, spelled silvan in Webster's school dictionary' ! On ji. 75, vnmixt, and unmixed is tl-.e 
 preferatle speilin;: in Webster's .school dictionary ! On p. 7S. inillennio.l with 7in. spelled with sin^rle n in all throe 
 of Webster's dictionaries! On p. 7S, cpa-ce, agreeably to Web-ter's quarto and ccho'^l dicionaries. hut on p. 15P. it is 
 spoiled opaque agreeably to V.'alker and to the pr.-fcrable spelling in Webster's octra-o: On p. 79. insnarc csrre^nbly 
 to Webster s dictionaries, but on p. 141, it is spelled ensnare conrrarj' to them ! S^me p. "S, raccoon. s-jcUcd c nirary 
 to Webster's quarto and octavo dicti .".lavies. but cc:retahly to his .•jchool dictionary! Sarac p 79, j.clircon, and it is 
 spelieJ p-jl'roon in all three of Webslc. 's dictionaries! 
 
 On p. 81, bar. inwlo. four syllables, spelled tastinad;, three syllables, in Web^tftr's school dictionary : On p. C2, cu\- 
 Icnijn; and it ii spelled c5/.Trt'i-'r in all tlirec of Wei) ster's dictionaries ; thus, there axe three thunders in this wore, 
 first syllable, oiie I, and a in tlic second syll-^.blo in.Webster's dictionaries, and w first syliablo. // and e in the sei- 
 ond svUable in the spelling bo )k! ! • On p. 83. vi/'ain'jus; vi'lanous is the preferable ^vcVdn'r. in the octavo aril 
 quarto! Same p. 83. xcit'uV, //, and it is spoiled .vuVia! single /in Webster's quarto antl ocravo, hut with // in his 
 school dictionary ! On p. St, thoicl. spelled r/iOi''? in all Webster's dicfionaries ! Same p. n.:aili. cpelled m^aihe in 
 Webster's octavo and quarto, but is not in his sch ;0l dictionary ! ! Sirac p. P4, hi^hth. and on p. 113. hi,<Tht ; It is 
 fipeiled W^to and /;23'/j^/i in We'aster's scliOOl dic?i inary ; in hi- qua;to, height, liigh'h. and hlght ; bur in tie 
 oct.ivo h^i^ht. hix^t, and hizh'hH! Same !>. thres.'i and r/H'«.'.'2 spod'id tu^o ways and hut one v.'av in Webster's 
 dicrioviry ! ^vn-i ]>. Si. tUanib, -.v.-ii I hu-'n wiiho.U ^ is th.e prr.fnra'j'e sneliiiis in V/ebstpr's quarto dictionary! 
 Same p. »-'?.^v/f« (verb) with final e, but without e is the preferab'e.speliin? in Webs:er'> school diriionarv! On p. 
 i'j. t.'irrih, and thrash in Webst.er's dictionary ! Same p. t'i'-':.ih''r. sp?!!-; I thrnahej In V.'ehsifr's iiictionaVy ! Same 
 p. 3">, gip'ty, sn'i'lled gip^ey in Webster's qu.arto, but gtpryin his scliool d'cionary ! On p. •5,furlo^c, and fvrlou>;h 
 13 ti'.ep.eterab'.ospelline in Wcb-'fer's octavo dictionary ! On p. 87, hczinous and nightuiifi', a. id kei'nrus and' 
 nig'Afnuira is thp pre firrtWe spelling in the octavo dictionary ! S.tmep. (7 trclbil. i^inr.'.o >; ^-'r'AsA wiih fc in Web- 
 Bter's school dictionaf.v. but wi'di si'itlo e in hi-; quarto and octavo! On p. SS. r)/?V'"-''"". not in Webster's scliool 
 dictionary, but if is spell'^'d turk.c'is in his octavo: On p. 89 iritU>fiitirA'» : ::fi,f>'t. tpeK-d wiih JT. 
 
 buttbev.ire bi'h h;)> l^d with 3in;.'!e fiu all ti^re:; of Webster's dictin:'r:^s • - . ccrjiffrm-n', ^poWfd 
 
 ctccou'remmt in Webster's octavo dictionary ! On p 9i. consintcnry . fct;r i^yV. •'■ • - -■•■■■' -r.-r, three svHa- 
 
 bles, in Webste-sschnol dictiomrvM (Ml p. 93,7n"r?f?'/y;iWt/y sinirl'*/, *'/'s'r) - r's srliool'dic- 
 
 tionarv! S.ime p 95. ^eneraVifiiw), witli II, and with single / in ail "Web-iei' /-. .•^r.v,.,..^^ 
 
 e third syllable, but i in Wcbr-icr's dictionary ! On p. CI. ciin'rcr, rpellcd ci- ,-,« v' 
 
 but not in his quartoai;d r<:uivo! Samep. (V5:/'vA;, >p'^lled 6flT?.'/.'(fcia all V.'el) , : . • ivcV- 
 
 ten'^.v.five syllables, iiia •v.Ttcnce, four sylldiies, in V.'eb.-ter's sch-ol illciionjiry i on +> ts, appoiUr, s|»rii(^( appo- 
 tit in Webster's sriiool dictionary, but appofUe in his quarto and octavo ! Same p 51. 'rr'-r^t"'. sp.d'fd harlecut in 
 all Web-^ter's dictionaries! On p. 103, r<"n?i//'7r/;, v.dib W, spelled wiiii si.iLde i, in • ' lictinnarlos ! imp. 
 
 106. alioran. spelled alkorm anu koran in all W<-bstor'.<; diciionari'''.s • On p lo". w . -i-^lifd whh dd in 
 
 nil Webster's dictionaries! Or) \). \0'i, hradrtr>i'':\u^ b.'^rfrtrh". <\i-^V.i''1 v.i". ' ' '-to dictionary, 
 
 but with c in the octavo; and th'^y are spe! <" 1 ■vith final a-i-r a;id n." y. p. no ynHicn- 
 
 n<um. with nn. a'jrecnbly to Walker, an I i' is '^pollc I vriih single ;; in a'l V. ,,:i p. ni. iunocu- 
 
 late. with nn. spelled v;ith sinL'le n in all V,v.h>ter's diction in- -^ ' On p. HO.   ; soellcd v. iih II in 
 
 all Webster's diciionaries! (3np. 113, valet ude ■>("■•' ■" ■<•   ;•-' ■/;)/,» f . -., .i . ., p— » ; 
 
 S;imc p. ailj-'sros. aibrstus \n (lictionar>M On p. r ,. 
 
 Wp». ill all WeljKt-r'a (!ictinnarie.<!l Slinc p. ?nrArf77/. Sfiell' _ , ri, 
 
 p\ Wehsu?r's R<-lior>l iliotion,->ry iiiilhf prefernJ>h spi'lliir/. util k i-   ,■.■ 4i. | i>n pj). 
 
 115 and 1.11, 6«r(/i»ri with fA, and tur-i-fi wfih '/on ji. i:;'. aii'l !' ''nuriMs! On n 
 
 5), "if""i6cr, jpcll.-l f'so waj-i in Wclis-ler'H r!'. • -^ \\9. trbig- 
 
   »rt wiih one g, anH iftirfi?;.! v.nh e^ in hH \^ u v in rII 
 
 Websifr's rliclioiiari'^. and in t'le Hictiotiari-j f ... ,•.''■ " v\\i\ U. in 
 
 W»t)«t<;r'« dictionai"is» ! f^aine p frrarief «-iUi r. nnl wit'.> » in ^i rii«i«r'» li.ciK-ioK.y ! On)- lil. <j'>«ri<tm, •fn^iini cfcUnon In all 
 
 V'«t'»l«r'i diciioHAri^ 1 Sann b;aurifr in 'Jie o/c tpellinc-booV. (See cac" 3^.1 i*.^«t y. I'Z*. r /liz-ijiot ; it U »p. Hat! firt »-ar» to »J
 
 46 Webster's ELEMENTARY SPELLING-BOOK. 
 
 ■WctwUr's dictionaries, ihu» recUion and rescission, and Mr. Ely has spelled it corarary to both of them ! Same p.l23, mtutlck, qietled 
 two ways in Webster's quarto and octavo ! Same p. cfioiic, spelled %vitliout h m «.li VVebster'i diutioiwries, and in the dicnenanes oi 
 Johnson and W.ilker. (Thesanie blunder is in Webster's oZci si>ei;iag-book, evidently copied from Dilwjnh'j spelling-book. J Seep. 
 Si J S.'.ine p. IZi, chamelion, spelled ciuvnileiyii in Webster's quarto and octavo diclionarits ! On p. 124, ha^^Lh, wiili g^ agreeably 
 lo his old spelling baak, and to Johnson and Walker, contrary to all his dictionaries ! ! On p. 125, twig^in, contrary to his diotiGnanei. 
 aTaea-'Iy :j his oli si'elling-booA ! O.i p. 1"23, /la^icioas, spslied contrary to all Webster's dictionaries and to his old spelling-boo;! ! 
 (§a! p. 5l). I Same p. 12^^ noviciate, spelled contrary to all VVe'jsler's dioiionarioi, but asreeably ;o his old spelling-book ! [Stft; p. o3. 1 
 On p. liJ, chitniit, chimistry, chiinical, and aLcki::vj, on p. 123, aXchiinic, wiih i, spelled with e in Webster's octavo dictionary ! 
 liil ; [Seepages "23, 47, and 43. ] Cap. VZ'i, ecjtaJ.ic,a.at\ ou p. 131, ea-(a(ic spelled tiiife/c/i!Zy ! On p. 131, prtrii^oric, bi)elled pare- 
 goric in ail vVe Jeter's dictionaries I On p. 133, exorcize with s, but it is spelled exorcise wiib « ni all VVebstcr's diciionar.es, and in the 
 I'lCtionaries of Johnson and Walker ! On p. 137, hucaneer, spelled two ways in Webster's qiarto and octavo dictionaries ! ^See p. 43. | 
 
 EpeikJ repugnance, tfires syllables in Webster's school dictionary ! Same ji. btazen, spelled blazon in all WeDstsr's dictionaries ! 
 p. HI, hazle with h, spelled hizel with cl in all Webster's dictionaries ! Same p. bauble, spelled bawble in all Webster's dictionaries I 
 On y. U2, coddlev/Ah di. spelled cj.-2/j with single d, as the proleraule spelling in all Webster's dictionaries! On p. U5, rai<iish, 
 ipeiled radish with single a in Webster's dictionaries ! The erroneous orthosrapby of the eight words contained in the class of words of 
 distinctive defiuiiions was pointed out on p. 44. On p. 130. briar, and on p. 25, brier, two ways, agreeably to his old spelling-book, con- 
 trary tT all his dictionaries ! On p. 151, oose, and on p. 143, ooze and ouse, three ways, and it is spelled bat o;ie way ooze in Webster'i 
 gjhool dielionary ! On p. 152 roaie, seine, spelled sein and roul in Webster's dictionaries ! Same p. sei'nor, sj'elled saig/nor on p. 1 19. 
 s.ni 15i, and in Webster's dictionaries 1 | seignor is a blander in his old spelling book, evidently copie'ftvom DiKvorlh. See pp. si and 
 S\ I On p. 153, baisviol, and on p. 33, baseviol, spelled baseoiol in Webster's school diciionary ! On p. 154, croup spelled two ways iii 
 Webster's school dictionary ! Same p. 7na.<qn;, and mask in all Webster's dictionaries ! On p. 155, brunette, and braml preler.ible spel- 
 ling in VVebsier's school fiction iry ! Same p bdellium, and bdelium in Webster's school dictionary ! On p 153, m-xque spelled agreea- 
 Wy to his oi-l spelling-book, contrary to all his dictionaries, but agreeably to Johnson and Walker 1 Opajue jn the sane p. ; the erro- 
 leoaa orthogr.iphy ol which has been pointed out ! Same p. nought and lotigue, spelled nauglil and lung, as the preferable spelling in 
 Jis school dictionary! O'l p. 15J, d;</ii;Bfi', spelled rf(.>'i!;cenn Webster's school dictionaiy ! t)n. p- 16U, lao and w.ie spelled two way.?, 
 Iind but one <woe> m Web.*ter's school diciionary 1 Thus I have pointed out some of the most prominen! dirturences in the orthography 
 of the Elemeiiuii-y suellins-book, and Webster's dictionaries, and have fully shown, il is believed, that the orlhograpliy of the /icui sp?! 
 ling book is MOHE KKilONKOOS than the old one ! 
 
 PRON'UNCIATIGN. 
 
 I shall now take notice of the " ANALYSIS OF SOU.N'DS IN THK ENGLISH LANGUAGE," and point out what I consider 
 jdefeclive in it. And first : — It is stated on page 9, that " the sliort sound of o in not, is somewhat lengthened before r, s, and ng, as ia 
 \nor, croij, brolk, belong ;" yet Mr. Ely has made no distiiciion between the long liroad o, and short bm.id o, in the el.issilic uion ot 
 Uhe wor.ls in ihe s;)elling-l)Ook 1 'I'n li. on pag3 31, he has orbit aii.l oomit, mirlar and roj'ier, etc. &j. all cKissel ui ler figire two, 
 IsoanJed alike ! But Mr. Webster did Make a distinction between these two sounds of o, as it should be. in his ol I opelling-boo t ! In ilif 
 I Aii.ilysis of the sounds of the consonanls, Mr. Kly has told us that some of tiie consnaints arc silent, yei there are otner coiiioiunti 
 
 which are silent, respecting the silence of which he has saiti nothing. Again, he has told us tlial some ol" (he conson.uits are never 
 I sileni, yet tliere are others which are never silent also, of which he has s;iid nothing. This I presume will be considered a very gie.it 
 defdcl ; for the scholar would suppose (and reasonably) that as he has spoken of the silence of some of the consonants, he hail luietl 
 ail wliicM are silent in his spelling lessons : yet this is not the case. 
 
 Tiie same defects which exist in noiin^ the sounds of the letters B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Cl, S, T, V, X, and Z, pointed 
 out on pages " j and 31, as contains 1 in his old spelling-hook, are so very similar, and equally numerous, that it seems t j lie unnecessary 
 to repeit them here, and the reader is, iherefo-e, referred to those pages for their cxplaiiaiion. It is tine .VIr. Ely his tol 1 us on p.ige 
 11, that " P before s is mute ;" but he has not 'old us that it is silent iiefore t, in the same syllable, or between m and t in the same syl- 
 lable. He has told as thai A is sileni after r, but he has not told us that il is ever silent in any oilier siiuaiimi, as in kerb, honor. &c. I 
 AlLhou^li Mr. Ely has so.ne Utters in il;Uick in his spelling lessons, yet he has lu-t told us in his " ANALYjSIS," ihat silent letters are 
 frintel in it.ilick ! and, consequently, inasiiiiich as he has noi alt sileni letters in ilalick in all his spelling lessons, the pion.inci.ition 
 la 1st be '.noi-'i defective, indeterminaie, and uncertain, than in the spelling lessons of the old spelling-bpok in which the silent le.lcri ware 
 in it.ilick I Tii.is, on page SO, in recei;)l, the p is ilalick, but in temptation page 93, consumption |i.ige 97, consumptive and pr.:sa:np- 
 f yo page 63, p2rem;jl.j/'y page 67, &c til.! ;3 is not in italick, and we can not know from the spelling-book, whether the /> s'lonij ue 
 sr.inJe I c- not ! Again, h is .'.alick in Aour page 33, in honor page 61, but not in herb pase 27 I SIi.ill v.-e pronounce it cr') or .'/«/-> } 
 On |i-tge 30, t.BO, w U not in itabck as it is on page 39 in the old spelling-book I Siiall we s>>un 1 the to .•' Tiie answer lo lliis question cin 
 DJl be known until we arrive at page 119. where tloo is classed with tcr> in which tliere is no to '. Is the fust t silent in Otiestnut page 35, 
 or sho'ill it be sounded 7 Is A silent in tnyme page 37, or should il be sounded I The u is italick in guile page 13, but not in guileful 
 fage :<7 Should it be sounded in guileful .' On page 45, eight, weight, &c., page SO, alight, delight, &c., p.'ge'l l3,./ig'i(, &c., gh not iit 
 .i.iTick, but in it.ilick in daug.'uei- and slaug/tter page 107 ! On page 47, Mr Ely has salve, I italick, and calve, in which / is also silent, 
 he h.is Lunon" irregular words on jiagT 151 ! Is the a silent in mountainous page 13 ? or in mottntuiueer page 6l ? Is t sibnl in bi ik- 
 Tuptcy page 62 7 On page 13, we are told that when "c follows a conscnaul, at the end of woid.s, with a sinsle vowel piecediag, ili.u 
 »owel except the dotted ?', is long as in fate, mete," &c. How then shall we sound ihe last i in pristine page 63, i \n famine, doctrine, 
 de.-tine, &c page 73, pioms-e page 83, e.rfruf!Be page 77, &c. &c. 7 Cerlainly i long. Shall we sound ni long in /.-iL/ay piige 71, or 
 sho-.iid the a l>e sileni and the y sounded '! &c &c. &c. Througl-.out all llie spelling lesson.';, the .same douot and niicertaiuiy exisi rehi- 
 livs to the pronnnciaiion of the sileni and other letters. Other omissions in his " ANALY-SIS" might be .shown, which greatly inci-e.use 
 Ihe defects. in the classificaiion, such as the comp'^ar's omitting the ralsons for the peculiar sounds of the letters in ceruiin mI lations. 
 ?his lisl might be extended almost without limitat.c<n, by a cLxss of words, the piMiiunciation of which can not be deienniiied, either bv 
 Us -'AV.AIiySIS" or nis classification. On page 10 and o;i page 155, .Mr Ely h.as said, ihatg/i in hough has llic sounil of/ ,• bit in all 
 'Vebster's dictionaries it i.' sounded like t, thus, /tot / .' Ajaiii, on page 10, Mr. Ely has stated th.u " g'l are mite in eoery English 
 vor-l, both in the middle ar I at the end of words, except in the follov.'ing," cough, &c. How then shall we sound draughts On pise 
 111, NI.'. Kly has iii.<erted ini-tln and throstle, in which t is silent in all Webster's dictionaries ; Mr. Ely lias inserted thisile, on page U3, 
 ri wlii.di he has noted tl;e silence of.', hut throstle is not thus noted. Is die first h silent or sounded in 'liphthong and triphthong, page 
 ]1 1 / Shall we sound them dif thong and irif thong, or dipthong and tripthong f Mr. Ely has nit any wlirrc in the spelling-book in- 
 Iirined us how lo sound them ! On page 10. Mr. Ely has stated iha'. '• x is sometimes pronounced as g-," but has not infdiined us in 
 vhji situation x should have this souii 1 1 Is p silent in exempt and exein*>tion page 120, or sli.ill it be sounded I Is t silent in rhri,t- 
 na-i anl Christendom p.tge 123, or shall it be sounded in these words '! The p and I are n-it oiunde I in ihe precinliui, and all similar 
 vords in Webster's octavo dictior.ary '. On |>age 11, Mr. Ely says " Tiie digraph ai, in words ol one .^yll.iMe. and in accen'ed sylUt 
 ties, has the sound ot a long :" yel on page 141, he has a cla.<3 of words over which he stvs. " In lir ">ll.)wiug anl similar words, 
 [bare, care, flar':, kc ) a belbre r, ihongli marked with iu fii-st or long sound, dnna'n^i a little fr im that i. >und, an I n-rorl' EXAC P- 
 IjY leilh the soutid of ai in fair, p.tir," v/hich, agreeably to his inle above noted (sriveii on paje II.) isa loi»s 1 1 1 And, ;>2.ii;i on pfa 
 *J, Mr. Ely h.is clas.*ed fill^dn. despair, d-rlare, &c all under figure I, as having prcr'i<el'j "lie same sound ! ! On p ig.> p i, M-. E.'y 
 lias r!,is<.ed 2:) words in which Walker and good sjjeakers in tlii.s country and in Euufuid so in 1 t as r>'i. ( )ver this lKs;'.)n Mr. Ely has 
 tol 1 us ihal tills class oi words run be and ire sonndeil ihiee diii'sreni ways, yet he has not inloriiie I ii,s whir:: '' the three ways to ;jio- 
 nounce these tvoria I II is quite singular that .VIr. Weiis'er has noted the a.H>iration of .v like zl-. v/hen followeil by Img u and precedcti 
 by the accent, as m measure, treasure, etc. ; but has not noted this :ispiiat„.n r,t' I like ?•// in 'He same situation ! and ii is j-.i»: is agree- 
 able 10 analogy, to pronounce meas ire, iile.Lsure, mez.iir, ple7.-iir, insiead of inezh-ure, ple/h-nrc, as il is lo pronounce iiatire. f iiire, 
 naiur, fu-tur, in-itead of fu-tshure, na-lslinre ; for they (ilie t and ,v) are both precr led by the accent a:..; I'ollo-.ve;! by u, coiiscq-icnily 
 both subi^ct to aspiration troin tiie same principle of analogy, as we sound r, s. aivl I, like t:h, in gracious, p-iision. n.iiion : lor al- 
 though we sound s and I like sh in pension and nation, when foll^rwed by i and aiiollier vowel, yet when s is loilowid by ;/ we hO\:\y\ \\ 
 li'ta zk, as in measure ; and in like manner, should we (from the same analogy.) so-.ni I the t like th, when toll--wcd by long u, as in 
 nature. On page 23. anl, chant; &c. a fiat, and .same page plant, rant, fto. same lerminaiion n sliorl 1 Oi. page 71, tramplant. a tiat 
 in th« liist syUable, and i.-renM'-(, same page (I short in fir.--, syllable I On pjige 1^, rmas^, r'toa's, surpass, a fl.n, and same page 
 ruirass, and morats, 9anis tennin.alion « sliorl 1 On p. UJ, unloose and tattoo are placed nnlc 'gure I, long o U On pas? .53, ilan&r 
 a li.-.t, and on pate .Jt gander, page 61, candor, a short, and a is (bllnv.-eil by the same letler^ in each caae I ( hi pag; 103, aspirctr, a 
 th.irl, and on page 111, exatpsratt. a flat ! On page 103, ascent, accented (in thi first syllabh, and on page 146, acceiHed on the Inst 
 syllable ! On page 129, rhetoric, accented on the second .syllable, page 153, accented on the./fr.st ! 
 
 A? I intend to point o\it, at sime future time, the contradictions and inconslslencies in the pronunciation f.nd division of words in Mr. 
 Webster's dictionaries, I h'lve, in this review, limited my remarks pnncipally lo I'le coiitradiciions betweeti the Elementary spelli-.r-book 
 unci hii school diciionary. . On l-'ape 11, /lu.s^jrtrt.-iry, x liir.-ini, like r in school .liciionary I On p.age 41, cdr^f/. d short, n flat .u dic- 
 tionary I On page 17, fwll. page 70, almana-k. page S5, default, (issn.nl!, page Wl. fault'.', r.ller, almost, broad a short, and broad a 
 long in WeliBicr's octavo dictionary ! On page 55, lennt broad a short, and pase 107, wantinz broad a long ! page 7^, assure, pa^c 
 8j, censure, press'ire, ^ssure,vn\.Uoni noting tlie sound of » as sh, but on case 151, issue and tissue the soiind o( sh is noted in ihesR two 
 word.4 ! dc. i^c. i-.c. page lOS, microcosm wrongly pronounced, i Ions hi Webstrr's school dictionary ! page 43, anch'ry. liiveise f;ire- 
 wcll, [lage 100, .^tal.ielite page lOG, ncverthelees |;age 1 15, almost p. 1C7, whoinniever p, 119, valise p. 1.54, ha'-angue p. 1^6, afflux p. &). 
 wrongly accenleil I On p 110, o'Jirhn, page 1!7, conlumrlions, y. 122. trunnion, miliary. modH'ion, reh^. ion, rf'i'llioit ;. •if. lority 
 p 95. ceUcrons j>. 127. v.-ron? number of syllables ! There are in the spelling lessons mure than FOUR HUNDRRO WORD.S which 
 Mr. Ely his divided DIFFERENTLY from Webster's school diciionary ! 'Ihus. e.'pouse p 23, tiaii.sil. y.mder jj. 35, armory, victory 
 
 II 42, cantor, I'e.s'er, tcs:or, elder, tinder, tiller, tenter i). 43, 1,-crnel, garn'er. fardel ;■. 44, density, niode=l) n.ountaiiious p. 43, Mm?ai7, 
 blanduh, brandish, t nrnisti, ekirinish, varnish page 49, ellir.sis, reluctant, important, transcendent, indiiigeni, efliilgeiit.. emulgeni. as- 
 irinsent, reslrinsent, emergent, deiergcni liage 1(1-1, &c. Kc. ; and Ixialswain. p. 74, microscope p. 99. wronjly pi.i,ounced, (-a.: 
 
 The /en?(/i of this critici.'in (not the tuanl" of mutter,) admoiii-hos tr'.- that f must draw to ariose. This I shall do wiih the siiiglo 
 
 KS- PleaaeCOMPAEE the WORDS, pp. 9 & 10 of Wcb'.iter-rPAVirHjiF.T.ViihVne foiiowVnff SPEC^^^^
 
 SPECIMENS 
 
 OF 
 
 WEBSTERS ORTHOGRAPHY. 
 
 AH the words marked with nn arterisV, were evidently ccpicd from Dilworth's SpcIlinT-Book, as thej' appenred iht same in Dilwortn • 
 6}Jciru(;-Korvl(, contrary to AI<L of VVebsier"* I)ii!'.iunai'iL'.<, an I to '.lie Dictii^ii irit-s of JotKtsnn an I iValker ; aud liiey lia¥e been Uiiu 
 eontradictory and erroneously spelle^l in Webster's old Spelling-Book lor more lliaii forty years !II | 
 
 UidSpcl'.in;: JJooL Dir'ionnri/ I -OG. Diriionnry Ihi7. ; Clunrtn IS"^. j Orinro li3l. 
 
 Abridgement 
 Atnciuon 
 
 Aocouter 
 
 Ache 
 
 Aclucnncut 
 
 Acre 
 
 AJddecamp 
 Us 
 
 Al'-hyir.y 
 Alu>ruii 
 
 Almonao* 
 
 AncW 
 
 ApoMjicy 
 Apoatrophc 
 
 ATo'.rdopob 
 
 Bailor 
 Baiee 
 
 Bark 
 
 Bon' (In mtuiic) 
 
 Abatable 
 
 Abnttis 
 
 Abbey or Abby 
 
 A!iriii£r;Ticiit 
 
 Alwcifsion 
 
 Acaiiaciotis 
 
 Accepter 
 
 Acco'iter or 
 Accooter 
 
 Accoiilei-meiits 
 :Achp. Ake 
 ;Akir.sr 
 Ac'ii'iveinetil 
 A'lfiir.\vlt.-;lgment 
 Aci-p. Akei- 
 Artdil.lf. 
 Adniiiiable 
 A'lveiii'iresoine 
 Aery 
 Ase>n\ia 
 Agiet, Aigulct 
 
 do. 
 Aisle, Aile. lis 
 
 Alchemical 
 
 Aloiiemict 
 
 Alchemy 
 
 Koran 
 
 Allf'Se 
 
 Alle!r."abla 
 
 Alleged 
 
 Almanack 
 Ainmnny 
 
 Anipbii heater 
 
 Anaftrnphy 
 
 Ancmony 
 
 Ankle 
 
 Aiiiiilo, nmoMo 
 
 AnTPfi'bivian 
 
 Atilislinphy 
 
 Anocooy 
 Apopluhegra 
 
 Abaie.ii>le 
 
 do. 
 Abbey 
 Abriil?ement 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Acknowledgemeut 
 
 do. 
 
 flo. 
 AdiTiitable 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Aidecamp 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Alcl:einibtic 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 A!ledf:e 
 Alle-'ce-ible 
 AlleclgcJ 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 Apothem 
 
 Aliostney 
 
 do. 
 
 Apostro'phy . 
 
 do. 
 
 Ari)pl!atjve 
 
 do 
 
 Appniri 
 
 Apponite 
 
 Apposilly 
 
 Apposiieiy 
 
 Apposjlneas 
 
 AppositeiieiB 
 
 Anrieli'iv" 
 
 do. 
 
 Hnrqiicbuss 
 Arrar 
 
 do. 
 
 Ai<k:iiii're 
 
 do. 
 
 AskaiMil 
 
 do. 
 
 A;-i?iier 
 
 Asaigncr, Auignor 
 
 A-^s'trpilly 
 
 ilo. 
 
 Awiror 
 
 do. 
 
 Aaii nn; 
 
 do. 
 
 A'iio»-r<fcy 
 
 do. 
 
 AvfirUipo'.* 
 
 do. 
 
 Ax 
 
 I'.O. 
 
 Ay fves) 
 
 do. 
 
 Baftaa 
 
 
 Rnller 
 
 dJ. 
 
 RailitT 
 
 do. 
 
 Rni7.e 
 
 do. 
 
 Bannerol.Bondroll 
 
 do. 
 
 Rannor, Jannoc 
 
 
 Barbp.cue 
 
 do. 
 
 Bark 
 
 do. 
 
 Pane 
 
 do. 
 
 Basevio.' 
 
 do. 
 
 Basilisk 
 
 <it>. 
 
 Basir, Baton 
 
 60. 
 
 Ai)ai;ilile 
 Abuitisaiu! Abalis 
 
 do. 
 Abridgment 
 
 do. 
 Acanaoeons 
 Aco?|>tcr or 
 Acci^ptor 
 Accoiiler 
 
 -AccniitPrin? 
 
 Acn>-irered 
 
 AccoMlornienls 
 
 do. 
 Achinsr. Akin^ 
 
 do. 
 Acknowledgment 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Admistable 
 
 do. 
 Aerie 
 
 A??roiip. Affgroop 
 Aelet, Aiglet, 
 
 Aiinlct 
 .Aiddecamp 
 
 do. 
 Alo'iiniic 
 AKIiifnical 
 A'-'iimically 
 Alc'iim'^t 
 A|cb';;iia!ic 
 Alcbijnislical 
 Alc'iiniy 
 .Alkoran, Koran 
 
 rlo. 
 Allegeable 
 
 " do. 
 Alieefnient 
 
 do. 
 Amminia, 
 Amniriiiy 
 
 ^U). 
 
 Ana=tronlie, 
 
 Anaslrophy 
 Anemr.np 
 
 Aneni iny 
 do. 
 A not la 
 
 do. 
 AntiBirophn, 
 
 -Aiitistniphy 
 A'ir.rro(>. Apocopy 
 
 A-,-- „. 
 
 A; '■;l;(>n|Il 
 
 ilo. 
 Ap.isirophe, 
 ApoH'-rophy 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 An-hclilmic 
 Arfrtt^liMs*», 
 
 Harqnebuse 
 A rra'k 
 Askance 
 Askant 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Anlorrasy 
 Avoint'ipois 
 
 •v.. 
 
 Ay. Aye 
 Baffelas, Baflas, 
 
 Bn >ta s 
 Bni'pr. Bailor 
 Bailif (f'nr.) 
 do. 
 
 Absciwov 
 
 Ai;ccutre,Accouler 
 
 Aico'itring 
 
 Acco:t[.ri>cl 
 
 Ac'jouiremenls 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 flo. 
 
 do. 
 Addable; Addible 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Alchemic 
 Alchemical 
 AlcI.erni'jaHy 
 AL-lieini«t 
 Alc'iemistic 
 Al.-'ieinistical 
 Alchemy 
 
 flo. 
 
 do. 
 Alledffcable 
 
 do. 
 Alledarement 
 Almanac 
 
 do. 
 
 Ampliiibeatre 
 Ampliillieaier 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 B»rn 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Arclicliemic 
 do. 
 
 da 
 do. 
 do. 
 flo. 
 flo. 
 flo. 
 do. 
 do. 
 do. 
 Axe, Ax 
 flo. 
 do. 
 
 <\a 
 Bailitl. Bailif 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 dc. 
 liaMTinl, BoMTioI 
 
 do. 
 
 da 
 
 I 
 
 Aclie 
 
 da 
 
 Aero 
 
 dc- 
 
 Duodeci mo t3 ol. A'<rio Spell Book, 
 
 d.-w 
 .AbaKis 
 
 flo» 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 .Accepter 
 
 Accoiitcr 
 
 ACw"OM(erin5 
 
 .Ai;i-oiiier«l 
 
 .Accoiiiijrmcati 
 
 do. 
 -Aching 
 
 dp. 
 
 flo. 
 
 flo. 
 Addible 
 
 flo. 
 Aflvenl'ir»om» 
 
 do. 
 Aggroup 
 
 do. ' 
 
 flo. 
 A^sle. Aiie 
 A'ch'm'c 
 Ab'tiimical 
 AlL'hiinii?iilly 
 Alf^himist 
 Alcbi.-nistic 
 .A|i-hiii<i<iic4U 
 Alcliimy 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Almanack 
 do. 
 
 Anipliitheater, or 
 A:nphilhealre 
 
 Aisle 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Alcurau 
 
 da. 
 
 na 
 
 Apotliom, 
 AiHithcgm 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Apposit 
 
 Ap|wjit!y 
 
 A):po3iincs« 
 
 Artjiiebuso 
 
 do. 
 
 dc. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Asnrfdly 
 .Amirr 
 A!.iiriiif; 
 .Autocracy 
 
 do. 
 
 da 
 Baflas 
 
 do. 
 Bailif 
 da 
 do. 
 do. 
 da 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 BAS«Tifil 
 
 da 
 da 
 
 AnttMie'.uylan 
 
 ApoUiegm 
 
 do. 
 Apr,kiropb« 
 
 .Apielii'iva 
 Apjn 
 
 da 
 
 Barbacoc 
 
 P..an. Ban 
 Hassviol, BtJMTiol 
 Basaiiak 
 da
 
 48 
 
 SPECIMENS OF WEBSTER'S ORTHOGRAPHY. 
 
 Old SpaUing Book 
 
 Dictionary 1S()6. 
 
 Dictionary 1817. 
 
 Quarto 1S2S. 
 
 Octavo 1331. 
 
 Duodecimo 1831. 
 
 tieu SpdL BotM 
 
 
 BasiU 
 
 
 Bastile 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Baslonadti 
 
 Bastinads 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Bastinado^ 
 
 3atteau 
 
 Baltoe 
 
 do. 
 
 Bateau 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Banleax 
 
 do. 
 
 Battleax, 
 Batlleaxs 
 
 do. 
 
 Battleax 
 
 
 
 Bawble 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Baubla 
 
 Bdellium 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Bdelium 
 
 Bdellium 
 
 
 Bedawb 
 
 do. 
 
 Bedaub 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Bedcloaths 
 
 
 Bedclothes 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 * 
 
 Bedsted 
 
 do. 
 
 Bedstead 
 
 do. 
 
 Bedstead, Bedsted 
 
 
 Behavionr 
 
 Behavior 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 4o. 
 
 BehooTe 
 
 Belioovs, behove 
 
 do. 
 
 BehooTe 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Behooreful 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Behoovful 
 
 
 
 Belweiher 
 
 do. 
 
 Bellwether 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Belleslettres 
 
 do. 
 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Belleslcilers 
 
 
 Benumb 
 
 Benum 
 
 • de. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Bergamot, 
 
 do. 
 
 Bergamot 
 
 do. 
 
 Bergam-ot, 
 
 Burguno< 
 
 
 Burgamol 
 do. 
 
 
 
 
 Burgamot 
 do. 
 
 
 Birth 
 
 do. 
 
 Berth 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Betel 
 
 do. 
 
 Betel, Betle 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 
 Bezil 
 
 Bezel 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Bibiicious 
 
 Bibaceous 
 
 Bibacions 
 
 de. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Bice 
 
 do. 
 
 Bice, Bise 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Bifid 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Bifed 
 
 
 
 Bilinjr=pate 
 
 de. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Billingsate 
 
 
 
 Bipartiblc 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Bipanable 
 
 
 
 Blacknioore, 
 
 Blackamoor 
 
 Blaclimoor 
 
 Blackamoer, 
 
 Blackmoor 
 
 
 
 Blackamoor 
 
 
 
 Blackmoor 
 
 
 
 
 Elamable 
 
 BlameaUle 
 
 Blamable 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 
 Blameablcness 
 
 Blamablenes 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 Blameably 
 
 Blamably 
 
 do. 1 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Blazon 
 
 do. 
 
 do: 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Blazeil 
 
 
 Blessed, Ele»t 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Blessed 
 
 Blest 
 
 
 Bloomary 
 
 do. 
 
 Blomary 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Bile (tumor) 
 
 Boil 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Eoiilf 
 
 Boll 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Boull 
 
 tombaan 
 
 Bombasine 
 
 do. 
 
 Bombawn 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 de. 
 
 Eoosc 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Boose, Bouse, 
 Booze 
 
 do. 
 
 Boose 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Boosy 
 
 do. 
 
 Eoesy, Bousy 
 
 do. 
 
 Boosy 
 
 
 Eoum 
 
 Borne 
 
 do. 
 
 Borne, Bourn 
 
 do. 
 
 Borne, Bourne 
 
 Borne 
 
 
 Burpeois 
 
 do. 
 
 Bourgeois, 
 Bureeois 
 
 do. 
 
 Bourgeois 
 
 
 Braskcr 
 
 do. 
 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Brazier 
 
 
 Brasilwond 
 
 do. 
 
 Brazilwood 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Breadth 
 
 Breadth, brcdtli 
 
 do. 
 
 Brcaith 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Brier, Briar 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Brier 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Brier, Briar 
 
 
 Bridegroom 
 
 do 
 
 Bride^^oom 
 
 Bridegroom 
 
 Bridegoom 
 Brimfull 
 
 
 
 Brimtul 
 
 Brimfall 
 
 Brim fid 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Bronze 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Broiiz, Bronze 
 
 do. 
 
 Bronze 
 
 
 
 Crmiette 
 
 Bnmett 
 
 Brunei, Brunette 
 
 Brunette, Brunei 
 
 Brunei, Brunette 
 
 Brunette 
 
 Bnccariier 
 
 Buccaneer 
 
 Bucanneer 
 
 Bucanecr, 
 Bucanier 
 
 do. 
 
 Bucaueer 
 
 do. 
 
 Build 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Build, Bild 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Biiiltler 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Builder, Bilder 
 
 
 
 Building 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Building, Bilding 
 
 
 Built 
 
 df. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 BuUt, bilt 
 
 BuUt 
 
 
 Bur 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Burr 
 
 Burthen 
 
 Burden 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Burthen, BurdcC 
 
 
 Bia-doc 
 
 do. 
 
 Burdock 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Burgh 
 
 do. 
 
 Burgb, Burg 
 
 do. 
 
 Burg 
 
 
 
 Burine 
 
 do. 
 
 Bunn 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Burlesque 
 
 do. 
 Cacoon 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 Burlesque, Burlesk 
 Caccoon 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 CLiitifT 
 
 do. 
 
 Caitit (cor.) 
 
 Caitiff, Caitif 
 
 Caitif 
 
 
 Calimanco* 
 
 Calamanco 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Calaniin 
 
 
 Calamine, Calamin 
 
 do. 
 
 Calamine 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Calcareous 
 
 do. 
 
 Calcarious 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Chalice 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Calice 
 
 do. 
 
 Chalice 
 
 
 Calico 
 
 C'allico 
 
 Calico 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Caliph 
 
 do. 
 
 Calif 
 
 do. 
 
 Calif, Caliph 
 Califate 
 
 
 
 Caliphale 
 
 do. 
 
 Calitate,Calipliate, 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kalifale 
 
 
 
 
 
 Camellep&'-d 
 
 
 Camelopard 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 
 C.-u»ift, camblet 
 
 do. 
 
 Camlet 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Cumphlre, 
 
 -. do. 
 
 Camphor 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 camphor 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Canail 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Canaille 
 
 oanail 
 
 
 
 L'ancellatcd 
 
 do. 
 
 Cancclaied 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 ' 
 
 
 'ancellatioa 
 
 do. 
 
 Cancelation 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Cancelled 
 
 do. 
 
 Canceled 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 OdDnonier 
 
 do. 
 Capillair 
 
 do. 
 
 Cannoneer, 
 Cannonier 
 Capillaire 
 
 do. 
 do. 
 
 Cannonier 
 
 do. 
 
 Carbinier 
 
 Carbinier^ 
 carabinier 
 
 do. 
 
 Carabineer 
 
 do. 
 
 Carbinier 
 
 do. 
 
 C&rcaflc 
 
 Carcass 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Carmiii 
 
 do. 
 
 Carmine 
 
 do. 
 
 Carmin, Carmine 
 
 
 
 Carnelian 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Domelian 
 
 Cask 
 
 Cask, casque 
 Calais Iropliy 
 
 do. 
 
 Cask 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Casque 
 
 Catastrophe 
 
 do. 
 
 Catastrophe, 
 Catastrophy 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 CaUMropbe 
 
 
 Ca'tcal 
 
 do. 
 
 Catcall 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Catsup 
 Caviller 
 
 do. 
 
 Catibup, Catsup 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 do. 
 
 Caviler 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 
 
 Cazique, cazic 
 
 do. 
 
 Caaic, Cazique 
 
 do. 
 
 Jazeke, Cazique 
 
 
 
 Ciinter 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 Centered 
 Cenlciing 
 
 Centre, Center 
 
 Centred 
 
 Centring 
 
 I^eiiti r 
 
 L'ente'-Bd 
 
 Penltfring 
 
 do, 
 
 
 
 Cesar! an 
 
 Cesarean 
 
 do. 
 
 I'esarian 
 
 
 
 Chaerined 
 
 Chalyteate 
 
 do. 
 
 do 
 
 do. 
 
 Chagrinned 
 
 
 Chair* Mts 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 da 
 
 Chaiiiclion 
 
 C'li.tuielcon 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Chamelion 
 
 da 
 
 Champaign (wine) 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Champagne, 
 Champane 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 ChampaiRii 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 Champaign, 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 :;bampai^ 
 
 (counuy) 
 
 
 
 Chtijjipain 
 Channeled 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ch;innellcd 
 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 
 Cbace* 
 
 Chase 
 
 da 
 
 do. 
 
 do. 
 
 de. 
 
 
 
 Chemical 
 
 do. 
 
 Chimicul 
 
 Ch«mica! 
 
 ( 
 
 SumiciO 
 
 
 Chemically 
 
 do. 
 
 Chiroically 
 
 Chemically 
 
 
 
 Chemu* 
 
 do. 
 
 4o. 
 
 Chimist 
 
 CbnoiM 
 
 
 4*.
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 4357. '1
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below 
 
 WW 4 ^S^*^ 
 MAY? ^35^^ 
 
 lEB 1 6 
 
 RECO 
 
 ^HAY 3 1961 
 
 |ay6 t96i 
 
 «^^£Wl 4,868 
 JUN 1 o 1966 
 
 KCD URL 
 
 *^AUT4 19 
 
 Rtc'o louru 
 
 ^ JUL a alii 
 
 
 "Ift 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CAbitOK 
 
 AT 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 Jjj^'versity Of California, Los Ange 
 
 es 
 
 L 007 626 242 7
 
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