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A First Greek Book* and Introductory Eeader. By A. HARKNESS, Ph.D., author of ''Arnold's First Latin Book." " Second Latin Book, 11 etc. (Recently published.) 12mo. 276 pao-es. Acts of the Apostles, according to the : text of AUGUSTUS HAHN. With Notes and a Lexicon by JOHN J. OWEN, D. D., LL. D. With Map. 12mo. Arnold's First Greek Book,* on the Plan of the First Latin Book. 12mo. 297 pages. Arnold's Practical Introduction to Greek Prose Composi- tion.* 12mo. 297 pages. Second Part to the above.* I2mo. 248 pages. SEE" END OF THIS VOLUME. LATIN EBADEE, INTENDED AS A COMPANION TO THE AUTHOR'S LATIN GRAMMAR. WITH REFERENCES, SUGGESTIONS, NOTES AND VOCABULARY. BY ALBEKT HAKKNESS, PROFESSOR IN BROWN UNIVERSITY. AUTHOR OP "A LATIN GRAMMAR," "A FIRST LATIN BOOK," U A SECOND LATIN BOOK," "A FIRST GKEEK BOOK," ETC. UITI7ERSITT D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 549 & 551 BROADWAY. 1873. ENTERED, according to Act of Congr/ss, In the year 1865, by ALBERT HAKKNESS, IB the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Hhode Island H3 THE Latin Reader now offered to the public is intended as a companion to the author's Latin Grammar. It comprises Reading Lessons, Suggestions to the Learner, Notes, and a Vocabulary. The Reading Lessons are abundantly supplied with refer- ences to the Grammar, and are arranged in two parts. Part First presents a progressive series of exercises illus- trative of grammatical forms, inflections, and rules. These exercises are intended to accompany the learner from the very outset in his progress through the Grammar, and thus to fur- nish him the constant luxury of using the knowledge which he is acquiring. They have been carefully selected from classical authors. Part Second illustrates connected discourse, and comprises Fables, Anecdotes, and History. The Anecdotes have been selected from various classical sources ; the oth^r portions have been derived chiefly from the Lateinisches Elementarbuch of Professors Jacobs and Doring, though, in the Grecian History, Arnold's Historiae Antiquae Epitome, founded upon the work of Jacob and Doring, has furnished a few extracts. The His- torical selections were, with a few exceptions, derived originally from the Latin historians Eutropius, Justin, and Cornelius Mepos. IV PREFACE. The Suggestions to the Learner are intended to direct the unskilful efforts of the beginner, and thus to enable him to do for himself much which would otherwise require the aid of his teacher, and to do easily and pleasantly much which would otherwise be difficult and repulsive. They aim to point out to him the process by which he may most readily and surely reach the meaning and the structure of a Latin sentence, and then to teach him to embody that meaning in clear idiomatic English. Experience has abundantly shown the need of some such direc- tions. The beginner's first efforts to solve the problem pre- sented by a Latin sentence are too often little better than a series of unsuccessful conjectures, while his first translations are purely mechanical renderings, with little regard either to the thought of his author or to the proprieties of his mother tongue. The Notes aim to furnish such collateral information as will enable the learner to appreciate the subject matter of his read- ing lessons, and such special aid as will enable him to surmount real and untried difficulties. Grammatical references can be employed only to solve grammatical difficulties ; and, though for this purpose they are absolutely invaluable, it is yet a mis- take to suppose that they can ever supply the place of com- mentary. In the Vocabulary, the aim has been to give to each word the particular meanings which occur in the reading lessons, without omitting, however, its essential and leading signifi- cation. At the solicitation of many eminent classical Professors and Teachers, the author has it in contemplation to publish an In- troduction to Latin Composition, consisting of two parts, the first intended for the beginner, and the second for the more advanced student. Accordingly, the present work has been PREFACE. V made simply a Eeader, and all Exercises in writing Latin have been reserved for a future volume. With this statement of the design and plan of the work, the author commits it to classical instructors, in the hope that, in their hands, it may render some useful service in the important work of classical instruction, PROVIDENCE, Aug. 2lst t 1865. TJHIFBKSIT7 CONTENTS. PART FIRST. GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES. FAOl Nouns 1 Adjectives 3 Pronouns 4 Verbs 5 Syntax of Nouns 9 Agreement of Nouns 9 Nominative 10 Vocative 10 Accusative 10 Dative 13 Genitive 16 Ablative 19 Syntax of Adjectives 26 Syntax of Pronouns 26 Syntax of Verbs 28 Agreement 28 Indicative , 28 Subjunctive 29 Imperative 35 Infinitive 85 Gerunds and Gerundives 37 Supines 30 Participles 39 Syntax of Particles 40 Vlll CONTENTS. PART SECOND. LATIN SELECTIONS. PAGB Fables 41 Anecdotes 45 Roman History 52 Period I. Italian and Roman kings ._ 52 II. Roman Struggles and Conquests 58 III. Roman Triumphs 65 IV. Civil Dissensions 72 Grecian History * 80 Period I. Grecian Triumphs 80 II. Civil Warfc in Greece 84 III. Graeco-Mcvcedonian Empire 89 Suggestions to the Learner 99 Notes 109 Latin-English Vocabulary 139 EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS. The reference numerals in the Latin text, and in the Suggestions, refer to the author's Latin Grammar. In the Notes and Vocabulary, the Arabic numerals refer, when enclosed in parentheses, to articles in this work ; and, when not thus enclosed, to articles in the Grammar. Roman numerals refer to the Suggestions. The following abbreviations occur adj adjective. adv adverb. comp comparative. conj conjunction. defect defective. dep deponent. f feminine. impers impersonal. indec indeclinable. interj interjection. irreg irregular. lit literally. m .masculine. n neuter. part participle. pass passive. plur. or pi. . . .plural. prep preposition. pron pronoun. subs substantive. guperl .superlative. PAE T FIRST. GKAMMATICAL EXEKCISES, NOUNS. DEFINITION, GENDER, ETC. 31-35 ; 37-41. FIRST DECLENSION. 42. NOTE. Before reading the Latin Exercises, the pupil is expected, in every instance, to learn carefully those portions of the Grammar which are embraced in the large type of the sections designated. 1.1. Ala, ala, alae, 1 alam, alarum, alls, alas. 2. Victoria, victoria, victoriae, victoriam, victoriarum, vic- toriis, victorias. 3. Causae, fortunae, portae. 4. Causa, fortuna, porta. 5. Causam, fortunam, portam. 6. Cau- sarum, fortunarum, portarum. Y. Oausis, fortunis, portis. 8. Causas, fortunas, portas. SECOND DECLENSION. 45. RULE II. Appositives. 363 ; 352, 2. 2. 1. Dominus, dommi, domino, dommum, domme, dominorum, dominis. 2. Gener, generi, genero, gene- rum, generorum, generis, generos. 3. Servi, anni. 4. Pueri, soceri. 5. Agri, magistri. 6. Templi, belli. 7. Servis, annis. 8. Puero, socero. 9. Agrorum, ma- gistrorum. 10. Templa, bella. 1 When the same Latin form may be found in two or more cases, tho pupil is expected to give the meaning for each case, 1 2 LATLN HEADER. 11. Lucus, stella. 12. Luci, stellae. 13. Lucum, stellam. 14. Luco, stella. 15. Lucorum, stellarum. 16. Lucis, stellis. 17. Lucos, Stellas. 18. Dionysius tyrannus. 1 19. Dionysio tyranno. 20. Dionysium tyrannum. 21. Tullia regina. 22. Tulliae regmae. 23. Tulliam reginam. 24. Puer Ascanius. THIRD DECLENSION. CLASS I. 48-50. RULE XVI. Genitive. 395. 3. 1. Nubis, nubium. 2. Avi, avibus. 3. Urbem, urbes. 4. Regis, militis. 5. Eegi, militi. 6. Eege 5 milite. 7. Reges, milites. 8. Regum, militum. 9. Regibus, inilitibus. 10. Yirtus regis. 2 11. Yirtiites regum. 2 12. Vm- dex libertatis. 13. Yindices libertatis. 14. Custodibus urbis. 15. Lux soils. 16. Luce soils. 17. Romuli mors. 18. Romiili morte. 19. Victoria regis. 20. Victoriae regis. 21. Ala avis. 22. Alae avis. 23. Alae avium. 24. Regis filia. 25. Tullia, regis filia. TPIIRD DECLENSION. CLASS II. 51. RULE XXXII. Cases with Prepositions. 432-435. 4. 1. Soli, sole, solibus. 2. Leonis, leones, leonum. 3. Carmini, carmimbus. 4. Consulis, passeris. 5. Con- siilum, passerum. 6. Consulibus, passeribus. 7. Leoni, virgini. 8. Leones, virgmes. 9. Patrem, pastorem. 10. Patres, pastores. 11. Opus, corpus. 12. Opere, corpore. 13. Operum, corporum. 14. Cicero consul. 1 15. Ciceronis consulis. 16. Ci- ceronern consiilem. 17. ISTepos consulis.'' 18. Nepotes 1 See Grammar, 363. " 2 395. ADJECTIVES. 3 consiilis. 19. JSTepotes consulum. 20. Pater judicis. 21. Patres judicuin. 22. Patribus judicum. 23. Post Romuli mortem. 1 24. Apud Herodotum, patrem historiae. 25. Ad virtutem. 26. Ante lucem. 27. Contra naturam. 28. Sermo de amicitia. 2 29. Pro patria. 30. Sine labore. _ 31. In amnem. 3 32. In bello.* FOURTH DECLENSION. 116. 5. 1. Fructus, cornus. 2. Fructibus, cornibus. 3. Cantum, currum. 4. In cumim. 5. In curru. 6. So- lis ortus. 7. Ab ortu ad occasum. 8. Ante solis occasum. FIFTH DECLENSION. 119. 6. 1. Acies, aciem, aciei. 2. Diei, faciei, 3. Rei, spei. 4. Diem, faciem. 5. Rem, spem. 6. Die, facie. 7. Re, spe. 8. In aciem. 9. In acie. 10. Facies urbis. 11. Spes fortunae. 12. Contra spem. 13. Sin<3 spe. ^* ADJECTIVES. FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 148. RULE XXXIII. Agreement of Adjectives. 438. 7. 1. Servus bonus. 2. Servi boni. 3. Servo bono. 4. Servum bonum. 5. Serve bone. 6. Servorum bono- rum. 7. Servis bonis. 8. Servos bonos. 9. Reglna bona. 10. Regmae bonae. 11. Reginam bonam. 12. Regma bona. 13. Reginarum bonarum. 14. Reglnis bonis. 15. Reginas bonas. 16. Exemplum bonum. 17. Exempli boni. 18. Exempla bona. 1 432, 433. 2 432, 434. "435, 1. 4 LATIN READER, 19. Puer pulcher. 20. Puella pulehra, 21. Tectum pulchrum. 22. Pueri pnlcliri. 23. Puellae pulchrae. 24. Tecta pulchra. 25. Vera amicitia. 26. Gladius longus. 27. Magna gloria. 28. Spes falsa. 29. Sine magno labore. 30. Modius aureornm annulorum. ^p THIRD DECLENSION. 150-153. 8. 1. Dolor acer. 2. Sine dolore acri. 3. Dolores acres. 4. Hostis crudelis. 5. Hostem crudelem. ^6. Hostium crudelinm. 7. Hiems glacialis. 8. Hiemein glacialem. 9. Carmen dulce. 10. Carnima dulcia. 11. Innnmerabiles fabiilae. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 160-162. 9. 1. Triumplius clarus. 2. Triumphus clarior. 3. Triumplius clarissimus. 4. Triumphi clari. 5. Tri- umphi clariores. 6. Triumplii clarissimi. 7. Yir fortis. 8. Yir fortior. 9. Yir fortissimus. 10. Sapiens vir. 11. Sapientior vir. 12. Sapientissimus vir. 13. Fortissimi viri. 14. Fortissimorum viroruni multitude. 15. Peiitus dux. 16. Peritissimi duces. 17. Bella funestissima. PRONOUNS. CLASSIFICATION AND DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS. 182-191. HULE XXXIV. Agreement of Pronouns. 445; 445,1. 10. 1. Mei. 2. Tibi.. 3. Inter se. 1 4. Ad te. 5. Pro nobis. 6. Post me. 7. Ante nos. 8. Patria mea. 2 9. Nostra patria. 10. Magister tuus. 11. Tua mens. 12. Nostri milites. 13. Nostrae amicitiae. 1 4S2. a 438, 1. VERBS. 5 14. Ad salutem restrain. 15. Ad vitam suara. 16. Hie' vir. 17. Haec urbs. 18. Hoc regnum. 19. Hujus viri. 20. In hac urbe. 21. Haec regna. 22. Illi viri. 23. Pro illis viris. 24. Ante hunc diem. 25. Sub hoc rege. 26. Pastor illius regionis. 27. Idem locus. 28. In eundem locum. 29. Circa eandem lioram. 30. Id tempus. 31. Ab ipsa natura. 32. li ad quos. 3 33. Quae civitas ? 34. Ab aliquo. 35. Faustulus quidam. VERBS. INTRODUCTION. 192-197 ; 199-203. VERB SUM. 204. RULE III. Subject Nominative. 367. RULE XXXV. Agreement of Verb with Subject. 460. RULE I. Predicate Nouns. 362. 11. 1. Aristides 3 Justus 4 fuit. 5 2. Justus * est. 6 3. Justus erat. 4. Justi sumus. 6 5. Justi fueramus. 6. Justi erimus. 7. Justi simus. 8. Justi fuissemus. 9. Cato sapiens erat. 10. Sapiens fuerat. 11. Sapien- tes eritis. 12. Sapientes fuistis. 13. Sapiens es. 14. Sapientes este. 15. Lex brevis est. 16. Lex brevis esto. 17. Leges breves sunt. 18. Leges breves sunto. 19. Ego consul 7 fui. 20. Cicero consul fuit, 21. Cicero consul fuerat. FIRST CONJUGATION. 205, 206. RULE V. Direct Object. 31 1. 12. 1. Amat, amant. 2. Amabat, amabant. 3. Justus agrees with the pronoun w, he, the omitted subject of est. M38, 1. 4 438. 6 460; 460, 2. 2 445. 5 460. 7 362. 3 367. 6 LATIN READER. Amaverat, amaverant. 4. Amaverit, amaverint. 5. Amet, ament. 6. Laudat, laudatur. 7. Laudant, laudantur. 8. Lau- dabat, laudabatur. 9. Laudabant, laudabantur. 10. Laudet, laudetur. 11. Laudent, laudentur. 12. Orationem 1 laudo. 13. Orationem laudamus. 14. Orationes laudabimus. 15. Oratio laudatur. 16. Orationes laudantur. 17. Virtutem amatis. 18. Yir- tutem amabitis. 19. Virtus amatur. 20. Virtus amata 2 est. 21. Ego patriam liberavi. 22. Patriam liberaverunt. 23. Patria liberata est. 24. Ancus ur- bem ampliavit. 25. Marius fugatus 2 est. 26. Fugati erant. 27. Socrates accusatus est. SECOND CONJUGATION. 207, 208. 13. 1. Moneo, moneor. 2. Monebam, monebar. 3. Monebo, monebor. 4. Moneam, monear. 5. Mone- reirij monerer. 6. Monui, monuimus. 7. Monuerat, monuerant. 8. Monueris, monuerltis. 9. Monuerim, momtus sim. 10. Moimissemus, momti essemus. 11. Monete, monentor. 12. Terrebat, terrebatur. 13. Terrebant, terreban- tur. 14. Terreret, terreretur. 15. Terrerent, terreren- tur. 16. Territus sum, territi sumus. 17. Territus es, territi estis. 18. Territus est, territi sunt. 19. Gloriam 1 veram 3 habes. 20. Gloriam habebis. 21. Equites gladios habebant. 22. Gladios habuerunt. 23. Gladium liabuisti. 24. Homo habet memoriam. 25. Cum Eomanis 4 pacem habuimus. 26. Pacem liabue- ratnus. 27. Pacem habebimus. 28. Cyrus omnium in exercitu * suo militum nomina tenebat. J 371. 3 438. 6 435, 1. 2 460, 1. "432,434. VERBS. 7 THIRD CONJUGATION. 209, 210. KULE LI. Use of Adverbs. 582. 14. 1. Rego, regor. 2. Regimus, regimur. 3. Re- git, regitur. 4. Regunt, reguntur. 5. Rege, regite. 6. Regendi, regendo. 7. Rectus eram, recti eramus. 8. Spero, pareo, duco. 9. Speras, pares, ducis. 10. Speramus, paremus, duemms. 11. Sperabam, parebam, ducebam. 12. Sperabant, parebant, ducebant. 13. Spe- ravi, parui, duxi. 14. Speravimus, paruimus, duximus. 15. Speraverunt, paruerunt, duxerunt. 16. Deus omnem hunc mundum regit. 17. Deus mundum semper 1 rexit. 18. Deus mundum regebat. 19. Deus mundum reget. 20. Cicero ad Atticum 2 seri- bit. 21. Ad te saepe scribam. 22. Cicero multos libros scripsit. 23. Ad amicum de amicitia 3 scripsi. 24. Librum de senectute scripserat. 25. Quid dixisti ? 26. Nihil dixi. 27. Quid dixistis ? 28. Multa de ami- citia diximus. 29. Haec recte dixistis. 30. Hie liber ad te scriptus est. FOURTH CONJUGATION. 211, 212. 15. 1. Audiebat, audiebant. 2. Audiebatur, audie- bantur. 3. Audiam, audiemus. 4. Audiar, audiemur. 5. Audivit, audiverunt. 6. Auditus est, auditi sunt. 7. Audiveram, audiveramus. 8. Auditus eram, auditi eramus. 9. Sperat, paret, ducit, scit. 10. Sperant, parent, ducunt, sciunt. 11. Sperabat, parebat, ducebat, sciebat. 12. Sperabamus, parebamus, ducebamus, sciebamus. 13. Sperabo, parebo, ducet, sciet. 14. Tullus bellum finivit. 15. Bellum finiverat, 16. 1 582. 3 433. 8 434. 8 LATIN HEADER. Bellum finitnin est. 17. Hie dies Graeciae libertatem finiet. 18. Gives templum custodiunt. 19. Templa cus- todiemus. 20. Templum custodite. 21. Brutus Mace- doniam custodiebat. 22. Hanc provinciam custodlmus, 23. Hoc audivimus. 24. A vobis audlmur. VERBS IN IO, THIRD CONJUGATION. 213-215. 16. 1. Komani urbem capiunt. 2. Urbes capiebant. 3. Urbem capiemus. 4. Haec iirbs capietur. 5. Urbes capientur. 6. Regiilus captus est. 7. Milites arma ca- piunt. 8. Scipio Carthaginem cepit. 9. Praefecti regii Eretriam ceperunt. 10. Eegis pater fugit. 11. Fugie- bat. 12. Lacedaemonii fugiunt. 13. Fugerunt. 14. Xerxes in Asiam fugerat. DEPONENT VERBS. 221-226. 17. 1. Coriolanus popiilatur agruin l Eomanum. 2. Pyrrlius Campaniam depopulatus est. 3. Milites agros depopulabantur. 4. Hoc facinns rex miratur. 5. Hoc miramur. 6. Puer laudem meretur. 7. Laudem mere- ris. 8. Laudem merentur. 9. Gloria virtutem sequitur. 10. Ascanium secutus est Silvius. 11. Justitiam Bequi- mtir. 12. Justitiam sequemur. 13. Cum Scipionc ho- ndrem partimur. 14. Id opus inter se partiuntur. PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION. 227-231. 18. 1. Virtutem laudaturi sumus. 2. Virtus lau- danda est. 3. Quid laudaturus es ? 4. Bonitatem lau- daturus sum. 5. Omnia 2 siint laudanda, quae 3 con- juncta cum virtute sunt. 6. Quid vituperandum est? 7. Omnia sunt vituperanda, quae cum vitiis conjuncta 1 371. 441. ",446. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. sunt. 8. J3Jorkm verain habiturus es. 9. Gloriain veram habit-uli ^m?hs. 10. Cicero ad Atticurn scriptu- rus erat. 11. Epistola scribenda est.' 12. Orator audi- endus est. 13. Senatores Ciceronem audituri erant. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. AGREEMENT OF NOUNS. RULE I. Predicate Nouns. 362. 19. 1. Ivlercurius nuntius erat. 2. Furius consul erat. 3. Homo sum. 1 4. Bacchus erat vini 2 deus? 5. Soninus est imago mortis. 6. Historia testis temporum liabetur. 7. Historia magistra* vitae habetur. 18. So- crates parens pliilosophiae dicitur. 9. Brutus homo mag- nus evaserat. 10. Nos causa* belli sumus. 11. Nautius et Furius consules* erant. 6 RULE II. Appositives. 363. 20. 1. Dionysius tyrannus expulsus est. 2. Dema- ratus, regis pater, fugit. 3. Apud Herodoturn, patrem historiae, sunt innumerabiles fabulae. 4 Hannibal Sa- guntum, foederatam urbem, expugnavit. 5. TJiemisto- cles 7 veni ad te. 6. Cato litteras Graecas senex 8 didicit. 7. Junius aedem Salutis, quam consul voverat, dictator dedicavit. 8. Socratem, sapientissimum 9 virum, Athe- nienses interfecerunt. 1 460, 2. 4 362, 1, 1). 7 363, 2. 2 395. 5 362, 1, 2). 8 363, 3. 3 45, 6. , 6 463, II. "162. 10 LATIN EEADEK. NOMINATIVE. RULE III. Subject Nominative. 367. 21.1. Cuncta Graecia liberata est. 2. P atria mea est mundus. 3. Paulus consul 1 regem ad Pydnam su- peravit. 4. Philosophia inventrix legum fuit. 5. Om- nium malorum stultitia est mater. 6. Non 2 omnis error stultitia est. 7. Quot homines? tot sententiae. VOCATIVE. RULE IV. Case of Address. 369. 22. 1. Disce, puer, virtutem. 2. Tu, mi 4 Cicero, haec accipies. 3. Te, Minerva, custos urbis, precor ac quaeso. 4. Audite, judices. 5. Disce, puer, virtutes. 6. Amlci, diem perdidi. 7. Conservate, judices, hunc hominem. ACCUSATIVE. RULE V. Direct Object. 371. 23, 1. Accepi tuas epistolas. 2. Labor omnia vincit. 3. Animus regit corpus. 4. Nostra nos patria delectat. 5. Miltiades totam & Graeciam liberavit. 0. Sophocles tragoedias fecit. Y. Studia adolescentiam alunt, senectu- tem oblectant. 8. Eomulus Hoinam condidit. 9. Ava- Tiii&probitdtem subvertit. 10. Virtus conciliat amicitias. 11. Yirtus amicitiam gignit. 12. Vestri patres earn vitam 6 vixerunt. 13. Mirum soinnium* somniavi. 14. Pacem" 1 desperavi. 15. Se- 1 363. 4 185. 6 371, 1, 3). 2 582. 6 149. 7 371, 3. 3 460, 3. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 11 quani Ariovisti crudelitdtem * horrebant. 16. Brutum Romanae matronae luxerunt. 17. Milites invadunt ur- ~bem? 18. Aciem a circumvenerunt. 19. Caesar agrum Picenum percurrit. 20. Periculosissimum 3 locum sum praetervectus. 21. German! flwinen transierunt. RULE VI. Two Accusatives Same Person. 373. 24. 1. Ciceronem universus popiilus consufem decla- ravit. 2. Eomulus urbem Romam yocavit. 3. Fecit heredem filiam. 4. Socrates totms 4 mundi se civem ar- bitrabatur. . 5. Cato cellam penariam rei publicae nos- trae, nutricem plebis Eomanae Siciliam nominavit.^f 6. Praesta te virum. 7. Senatus Catillnam hostem judicavit. 8. Senatus Paulitm consulem creavit. 9. Socrdtem Apollo sapientismnum* judicavit. 10. Mesopotamia fertllem efficit Euphrates. 11. Tiresiam sapientem fingunt poetae. 12. Polycrateinfellcem appellabant. RULE VII. Two Accusatives Person and Tiling. 3t4. 25. 1. Te tua fata docebo. 2. HOG me docuit usus, magister egregius. 3. Fortima belli artem metes' 1 docet. 4. Augustus nepotes suos litteras docuit. 5. Antigonus iter omnes * celat. 6. Paeem te poscimus. 7. Boeotii auxilia regem orabant. 8. Cato interrogatus est senten- tiam. 9. Marcius omnes artes edoctus fuerat. 10. Auxilium a Caesdre* petierunt. 11. Te illud admoneo. 12. Te id consulo. 13. Hannibal nonaginta J 371, 3. 5 373, 3. . M41, 1. 2 371, 4. 6 3G3. 374, a, 3). 3 162. 7 575. 10 374. 5. 4 149. ^** SeT^?5^^ 12 LATEST READER. millia 1 peditum Iberum 1 traduxit. 14. Belgae Rhe- nwn 1 transductl sunt. RULE VIII. Accusative of Time and Space. 378. 26, 1. Servius Tullius regnavit annos quattuor 2 et* quadraginta. 2. Appius Claudius caecus annos multos iuit. 3. Quaedam bestiolae unum diem vivunt. 4. Dio- . v . ... / nysius quinque et viginti natus annos dommatum occu- pavit. 5. Caesar duas fossas quindecim pedes latas perduxit. 6. Milites aggerem altum pedes octoginta exstruxerunt. 7. Arabes gladios habebant longos qua- terna cubita. 8. Urbs quinque dierum iter abest. EULE IX. Accusative of Limit. 379. 27, 1. Cicero Athenas venit. 2. Eegulus Carthagi- nem rediit. 3. Hannibal Capuam concessit. 4. Cicero maximum numerum frumenti 4 JRomUmim&\i. 5. Dio- nysius navigabat Syracusas. 6. Curius elephantos quattuor Romam duxit. 7. Aurum domum* comportant. 8. Ego rus ibo. 8 9. Veni consiilis domum. 10. Yerres Delum venit. 11. Pausaniam Gyprum raiserunt. 12. Hannibal in Jiiberna'' Capuam concessit. 13. Legiones ad urbem adducit. 14. Darius in Asiaw rediit. RULE X. Accusative of Specification. 380. 28, 1. Equus tremit artus. 2. Aeneas 8 caedit ni- grantes terga juvencos. 3. Jovem 9 lacrimis 10 oculos J 874, G. *S79, 3; 117, 1; 118, 1. 8 43. 2 174. G 295. 66, 3. 3 308, 310, 1. " 379, 4. 10 414 ; 414, 4. 4 395. SYNTAX OF NOUXS. suflusa nitcntes alloquitur Venus. 4. Hannibal femur ictus cecidit. 5. Hannibal animum incensus est. 6. Se deus obtiilit * omnia Mercuric 2 similis, vocemqae 3 colo- 7. Haec vis valet multum? 8. Haec vis idem potest. 9. Nervii nihil possunt. 10. Tliebani nihil moti sunt. 11. Quid hostis potest? 12. Quid venisti? 13. Quid plura 5 dispiito ? RULE XI. Accusative in Exclamations. 381. 29. 1. O praeclaram vitamf 2. O spectaculum mi- serum ! 3. O tempbra^ o mores ! Senatus conjurationem intelligit, consul videt. 4. O vim maxim am 6 erroris ! 5. O dementiam admirabilem ! 6. Heu me infellcem ! 7. Hanc audaciam ! DATIVE. RULE XII. Dative with Verls. 384. 30. 1. Non scholae, sed vitae discimus. 2. Omnes homines libertdti student. 3. Germani labori ac duritia>e- student. 4. Ego philosophiae semper vaco. 5. Pietati summa 7 tribuenda 8 laus est. 6. Non solum nobis divites sumus, sed liberis, amlds, maximeque reipublwae. 7. Philosophiae nos tradimus. 8. Graeci homines honores tribuunt iis viris, qui tyrannos necaveinint. 9. Non placidam meinbris dat cura quietem.) 10. Omnes, quum valemus, recta consilia aegrotis g damus. 1 292, 2. 4 380, 2. 7 163, 3. 2 391. 5 165, 1. 8 231. 8 587, I. 3&5. 6 165. 9 441, 16 LATIN READER. 2. Insidiae consuli non procedebant. 3. Convenienter naturae vivimus. 4. Philosopkus sibi constanter conve- nienterque dicit. GENITIVE. EULE XVI. Genitive with Nouns. 395, 396. 39. 1. Pietas fundamen^tfm x est omnium virtutum, 2. Ira est initium insaniae./ 3. Sapientia est rerum divi- nSrum et humanarum scieqtia. 4. Nona diei hora erat. I. SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE. 1. Vulttis sermo ' quidam 8 tacitns 2 mentis est. 2. Nostri milites impetum hostium sustinuernnt. 3. Themistocles non effugit cimum suo- nim invidiam. 4. Ventorum pater regit navem. 5. Sin- gulorum facilitates divitiae x sunt civitdtis. II. OBJECTIVE GENITIVE. 1. Crescit amor nummi. 2. Animi morbi sunt cnpiditates divitidrwn, gloriae, volujptatwn. III. PAETITIVE GENITIVE. 1. Justitia nihil expetit praemii) nihil pretii. /2. Conon pecuniae quinquagint^ talenta civfbns suis donavit. ^ 3. Permagnnm pondus ar- genti fuit. 4. Socrates ommiim 3 sapientissimus 4 judica- tus est. 5. Gallorum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae. 6. Ubmam gentium 5 sumus ? 7. Satis eloquentiae 6 fuit, sapientiae parum. IV. GENITIVE OF CHARACTERISTIC. 1. Tarquinius fratrem habuit Aruntem, 7 mitis ingenii juvenem. 1 362. 8 396, III. 3) (2). * 39G, III. 4) (2), 2 438; 438, 1, 4 102. " S96, III. 4) (1), *F! ' 863. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 17 2. Athenienses belli ducera l eligunt Periclem, 1 spectata,e virtutis virum. 2 3. Classem 3 septuaginta 4 navium Athenienses Miltiadi 3 dederunt. V. GENITIVE OF SPECIFICATION. 1. Cyri nomen* ac- cepit. 2. Quid sonat vox voluptdtis f 3. Virtutes con- tinentiae, gravitdtis,justitiae,fidei, omni honore 6 dignae sunt. 4. Germaniae vocabiilum recens est. 5. Domini appellationem semper 7 exhorruit Augustus. RULE XVII. Genitive with Adjectives. 399. 40, 1. Avida e&ipericuli virtus. ' 2. Haec aetas vir- tutum ferax est. 3. Conscia mens recti famae 8 menda- cia 9 ridet. 4-. Romani appetentes 10 gloriae atque " avidi laudis fuerunt. 5. Multi contentionis sunt cupidiores 12 quam veritdtis. 6. Epaminondas fuit peritus lelli, veri- tdtis diligens. 7. Conon prudens rei militaris erat. 8. Socrates se omnium rerum nescium 1S fingit. 9. The- mistocles peritissimos 12 belli navalis fecit Athenienses. 10. Homo rationis " est particeps. 11. Plena errorum sunt omnia. 12. Omnes mrtuiis compotes ia beati sunt. 13. Viri 16 propria est fortitudo. EULE XVIII. Predicate Genitive. 401-403. 41. 1. Darnnatio &i jud/icum ; poena, legis. 2. Im- becilli ariimi est superstitio. 3. Xerxis 8 classis mille et ducentarum nwvium fuit. 4. Claudius erat somni bre- vissimi. 5. Permami momenti est ratio. 6. Temeritas '373. 7 582. 12 162. a 363. 8 395. 13 373 ; 373, 3. 3 384, II. 9 371, 3, 1). " 399, 2, (3). 4 175, 2. 10 575 ; 353. 15 155, 5. 6 371. :1 587, 1. 16 399, 3, 8). 6 419, IV. 16 LATIN HEADER. 2. Insidiae consuli non procedebant. 3. Convenienter naturae vivimus. 4. Philosopkus sibi constanter conve- nienterque dicit. GENITIVE. EULE XVI. Genitive with Nouns. 395, 396. 39. 1. Pietas fundament&m a est omnium virtutum. 2. Ira est initium insaniaeJ 3. Sapientia est rerum divi- narum et humanarum scieqtia. 4. Nona diei hora erat. I. SUBJECTTYE GENITIVE. 1. Vultus sermo i quidam 7 tacitus 2 mentis est. 2. ISTostri milites impetum hostium sustinuernnt. 3. Themistocles non eifugit civium suo- nlm invidiam. 4. Ventorum pater regit navem. 5. 'Sin- guldTum facilitates divitiae ' sunt civitdtis. II. OBJECTIVE GENITIVE. 1. Crescit amor nummi. 2. Animi morbi sunt cupiditates dimtidrwn^ gloriae, voluptdtwn. III. PAETITIVE GENITIVE. 1. Justitia nihil expetit praemii, nihil pretii. 2. Conon pecuniae quinquaginta^ talenta civibus suis donavit.^ 3. Permagnum pondus ar- genti fuit. 4. Socrates ommum 3 sapientissimus 4 judica- tus est. 5. Gattorum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae. 6. Ubinam gentium 5 sumus ? 1. Satis eloquentiae 6 fuit, sapientiae parum. IV. GENITIVE OF CnAEACTEEiSTic. 1. Tarquinius fratrem habuit Aruntem, 7 mitis in-genii juvenem. 1 362. 8 396, III. 3) (2). 396, III. 4) (2). 8 438; 438, 1. 4 1(T2. 396, III. 4) (1), i^ 1 '80S. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 17 2. Athenienses belli diicera l eligunt Periclem, 1 spectatae virtutis virum. 2 3. Classem 3 septuaginta 4 naviwn Athenienses Miltiadi 3 dederimt. V. GENITIVE OF SPECIFICATION. 1. Cyri nomen* ac- cepit. 2. Quid sonat vox voluptdtis ? 3. Virtutes con- tinentiae, gravitdtis, justitiae, fidei, omni lionore 6 dignae siint. 4. Germaniae vocabulum recens est. 5. Domini appellationem semper 7 exliorruit Augustus. RULE XVII. Genitive with Adjectives. 399. \ 40, 1. Avid a est periculi virtus. * 2. Haec aetas vir- tutum ferax est. 3. Coiiscia mens recti famae 8 menda- cia 9 ridet. 4. Romani appetentes 10 gloriae atque " avidi laudis fuerunt. 5. Multi contentions sunt cupidiores 13 quam veritdtis. 6. Epaminondas fuit peritus lelli, veri- tdtis diligens. 7. Conon prudens rei militaris erat. 8. Socrates se omnium rerum nescium 13 fingit. 9. The- mistocles peritissnnos 12 belli navalis fecit Athenienses. 10. Homo rationis 14 est particeps. 11. Plena errorum sunt omnia. 12. Omnes mrtuiis compotes 1S beati sunt. 13. Viri 16 propria est fortitudo. EULE XVIII. Predicate Genitive. 401-403. 41. 1. Darnnatio estjudwum poena, legis. 2. Im- becilli anwii est superstitio. 3. Xerxis 8 classis mille et ducentarum navium fuit. 4. Claudius erat somni bre- vissimi. 5. Permagni momenti est ratio. 6. Temeritas ^YS. 7 582. 12 162. a 363. 8 395. 13 373 ; 373, 3. 3 384, II. 9 371, 3, 1). 11 399, 2, (3). 4 175, 2. 10 575 ; 353. 15 155, 5. 6 371. n 587, 1. 16 399, 3, 3). 8 419, IV. 18 LATIN READER. est florentis ' aetatis ; prudentia, senescentis. 7. Praeda parvi pretii fuit. 8. Thebae 2 populi Romani factae 3 sunt. 9. Voluptatem virtus minimi 4 facit. 10. Divitiae a me 5 minimi* putantur. 11. Nulla possess! o pluris G quam virtus aestimanda est. 12. Vendo meum frumen- tum non pluris, quam ceteri. 13. Mentlri 7 non est meum? 14. Tuum est mihi * ignoscere. RULE XIX. Genitive with Certain Verls. 406-408. 42, \.Eorum miserere, 10 qui 11 in miseriis 12 sunt. 2. Animus meminit 13 jpraefaritdrum" praesentia cernit, futura praevidet. 3. Eeminiscere pristinae mrtutis Hel- vetiorum. 4. Deorum 16 immortalium fieneficia 16 recor- dor. 5. Obliti sunt injuridrum. 6. Habetis dueem inemorein vestri, oblitum sui. 7. Aliorum vitia cernit, obliviscitur suorum. 8. Flagitiorum suorum recordabi- tur. 9. Plane! meriti recorder. 10. Magni 17 rei publicae interest omnes copias ie con- venire. 19 11. Illud mea** magni interest. 12. Hoc tud nihil 1T referebat. 13. Tud et med maxime 21 interest te valere. 14. Non refert, quam multos libros, sed quam bonos habeas. 22 RULE XX. Accusative and Genitive. 410. 43. 1. Te veteris amicitiae commonefacio. 2. Tibe- rius judices legum admonebat. ^575. 9 385. 17 408, 3. 2 131, 1, 2). 10 272, 2. 18 545. 8 279 ; 294. 11 445. 19 408, 2. 4 403; 165. 12 435, 1. * 408, 1, 2). & 414, 5. 13 297, I. 21 305, 2 ; 165. 6 165. 1. 14 575 ; 295, 2. 22 525. 7 549. 16 45, 6. 3J 78. b 404, 1. * 407, 1 SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 19 3. Te convinco non inhumanitdtis solum, sed etiam 1 amentiae. 4. Fannius Verrem insimiilat avaritiae et audaciae. 5. Cicero Verrem avaritiae coarguit. 6. Orestes accusatur matricidii. 7. Nicomedes furti dam- natus est. 8. Nonne 2 te miseret mei ? 9. Num. 2 hujus tegloriae poenitebat ? 10. Me non solum piget stultitiae meae, sed etiam pudet. 11. Me civitatis morum 3 piget tae- detque. 4 ABLATIVE. RULE XXI. Ablative of Cause, Manner, Means. 414. 44. I. CAUSE. 1. Caesar leneficiis ac munificentid magnus habebatur, integritdte vitae, Cato. 6 2. Quidam vitiis suis gloriantur. 3. Gubernatoris ars utilitdte, non arte laudatur. 4. Avaritid et luxurid Eomfma civitas laborabat. 5. Nimio gaudio paene 8 desipiebam. 6. Adolescentes senum 7 praeceptis gaudent. Y. Laetus sorte tua yives sapienter. 6 8. Campani fuerunt superbi lonitdte agrorum. II. MANNEE. 1. Miltiades summa 8 aequitdte res Chersonesi constituit. 2. Athenienses vi summa proeli- um commiserunt. 3. Sidera 9 cursus suos conficiunt maxima 10 celeritdte. 4. Athenienses curnsilentio 11 audlti sunt. 5. Cum virtute vivimus. 6. Pausanias epulaba- tur more Persarum. III. MEANS, INSTRUMENT. 1. Servius Tullius virtutc 1 587, I. 5. 5 367, 3. 9 73, 1. 2 346, II. 1. 6 582. 10 165. 3 72. 7 78, 5. 11 414, 3. 4 587, I. 3. 8 163, 3. 20 LATIN READER. regnum tenuit. 2. Nemo fit l casu bonus. 3. Avarus animus nullo satiatur lucro. 4. Trahimur omnes studio laudis. 2 5. Magnos homines virtute metlmur, non far- tuna. 6. Dido 3 vitam suam gladio finivit. 7. Voluptdte capiuntur homines, ut hamo pisces. 4 8. Minuuntur atrae carmine curae. 9. Boni nullo emolumento impelluntur in fraudem. 5 IY. AGENT. 1. Alcibiades eruditus est a &ocrdte* 2. A. Deo omnia 7 facta sunt. 8 3. Sacra db Numa, insti- tuta sunt. 4. A multis"* ipsa 9 virtus contemnitur. EULE XXII. Ablative of Price. 416. 45. 1. Ego 10 spem pretio non emo. 2. Vas Corin- thium magno pretio mercatus sum. 3. Viginti talentis unam " orationem Isocrates vendidit. 4. Si prata magno aestimant, quanti I2 est aestimanda i3 virtus ? 5. Fanum pecimia grandi venditum est. 6. Otium non gemmis u venale est. KULE XXIII. Ablative with Comparatives. 417. 46. I/ Yilius argentum est auro, virtufibus aurum. 2. Lux somtu est velocior. 3. Amoris simulatio pejor r *\ est odio. 4. Nihil est veritatis luce dulcius. 5. Nihil est ratidne melius. 15 6. Lacrlma nihil citius arescit. 7. Tullus Hostilius ferocior quam Homulus fuit. 8. Sol major 15 est quam terra. 9. Natura nihil habet 294. 7 441, 1. 12 402, III. 1. 396, II. 8 294 ; 294, 2. 13 229, 231. Cl, 5; 92, 3. 3 452. 14 416, 1, 4). 367, 3. 10 446. 36 165. 435, 1. 11 176. 16 417, 1. 414, 5. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 21 praestantius quam hon&stdtemS 10. Timoleon sapientius a tulit 3 secundam fortunam quam adversam. 11. Major famae sitis est quam virtutis. 1 RULE XXIV. Ablative of Difference. 418. \ 1. Patria milii 4 vita mea multo est carior. 2. Pompeius biennio major fuit quam Cicero. 1 3. Hie locus aequo spatio ab castris 5 Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat. 4. Numa Pompilius annis permultis ante fuit quam 6 Py- thagoras. 5. Homeri 7 etsi incerta sunt tempora, tamen annis multis fuit ante Eoniulum. 8 RULE XXV. Ablative in Special Constructions. 419. 48. I. UTOR, FKUOE, ETC. 1. Multi leneficio Dei perverse utuntur. 2. JKecordatione nostrae ainicitiae 9 fruor. 3. Commoda, quibus utimur, a Deo 10 nobis ll dantur. 4. Lux, qua fruimur, a Deo nobis datur. 5. Vir- tutis munere functus sum. 6. Solus potitus est imperio . Eomulus. 7. Numidae plerumque lacte 12 et carne 13 ves- cebantur. II. FIDO^ CONFIDO, ETC. 1. Prudentid consilidqne l4 fidimus. 2. Quis aut corporis firmitdte aut fortunae sta- lilitdte conf idet ? 3. Juvenis nititur hastd. III. PLENTY AND WANT. 1. Abundarunt I6 semper auro regna Asiae. 2. Capua fortissimorum virorum multitudlne redundat. 3. Antiochla eruditissimis homi- 1 417, 1. 8 582, 305. 6 523, 2, 2). 7 395. 11 384, I. 12 63. -V 3 292. 8 432, 433. 13 61, 3. 4 391. 9 396, II. 14 587, I. 3. 5 434. 10 414, 5. 15 234. 22 LATIN READER. nibus affluebaj;. 4. Nihil lionestum est quod 1 justitid vacat. 5. Nulla 2 vitae pars vacat qfficio. 6. Nunquam eminentia invidia caret. 7. Magna negotia magnis ad* jutoribus egent. 8. Deus lonis 3 omnibus explevit mun- dum. 9. Hectora 4 vita spoliavit Achilles. 10. Caesari tradita urbs est, nuda 6 graesidio, referta cqpiis. 1L Virtute multi 3 praediti sunt. IV. DIGNUS, INDIGNUS, ETC. 1. Virtus imitation*?, non invidia digna est. 2. Quam multi indigni luce sunt, et tamen dies oritur. 6 ffi. Sapientia eo contenta est, / quod adest. 4. Intdligentia vestra fretus sum. V. OPUS AND Usus. 1. MagistratZbus opus est. 2. Multis 7 duce opus est. 3. Nihil 8 opus est simulatione. 4. NaAnbus consiili usus est. 5. Quantum 9 argenti 10 est tibi opus ? 6. Nobis exempla permulta opus sunt. RULE XXVI. Ablative of Place. 421. 49. 1. In Italia bellum fuit. 2. Haec ab Romania in Graecia gesta sunt. 3. Iphicrates in Thracia vixit. 4. Caesar ab urbe proficiscitur. 5. Darius ex Asia in Europam " exercitum trajecit. 6. Talis JRomae Fabri- cius, qualis Aristides Aihenis fuit. 7. Tarquinius Superbus mortuus est Cumis. 8. N"uma Pompilius Cumins habitabat. 9. Syracusis est fons aquae dulcis, cui 12 noinen Arethusa est. V 10. Demaratus, Tarquinii regis pater, fugit Tarquinios Coriniho. 11. Haec terra marlque 14 gesta sunt. 12. Conon plurimuni " vixit Oypri" Tim o then s Lesbi. J 445. 6 280, 2. 11 435, 1. 2 149. 7 419, 3. 12 387. 8 441, 1. 8 380, 2. 13 379. 4 93, 1. 9 419, 3, 2). J4 422, 1, 1). *4S8. 10 396, III. 15 380, 2; 166. ^r J6 424, 1. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 23 EULE XXVII. Ablative of Source and Separation. 425. 50. 1. Praeclarum a majoribus accepimus morem. 1 2. Hoc a seriibus 2 audivimus. 3. Disce, puer, virtutern ex me, fortunam ex aliis. 4. Ex nimia potentid oritur interitus. 5. Jove s nate, Hercules, salve. 6. Abstinent pugna. 7. Lacedaemonii de diutina contentione destiterunt. 8. Zama quinque dierum iter 4 db Carthagine abest. 9. Ariovistus millibus 5 passuum sex a Caesaris castris 6 consedit. 10. Tu, Jupiter, Cati- Imam a tectis urbis, a moerifcbus, a vita fortuniscjUQ civi- iim omnium arcebis. 11. Dionysius tyrannus Syracusis expulsus est. 12. Aristides nonne 7 expulsus est patria \ 13. Themistocles imperator bello Persico servitute Grae- ciam liberavit. 14. Eobustus animus omni est liber curd et angore. ETJLE 'XSNUL.Allative of Time. 2$, 427. 5 1. 1. Augustus obiit 8 sexto et septuagesimo aetatis anno. 2. Socrates supremo 9 yitae die de immortalitate animorum multa disseruit. 3. Timoleon proelia maxi- ma 10 natali die suo fecit omnia. 4. Qua nocte natus est Alexander, eddem Dianae Ephesiae templum deflagravit. 5. Solis occdsu suas copias Ariovistus in castra reduxit. 6. Nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit. Y. Laelius sermonem de amicitia habuit paucis diebus " post mor- tem Africani."f-8. Eoscius litem 12 decldit abliinc cmnis quattuor. 9. Carthago septingentesimo anno postquan? condita erat, deleta est. J 72. 6 378, 2. 9 163, 3. 8 78, 5. 6 132. 10 165. 3 66, 3 ; 425, 3. 7 346, II. 1. 11 427. '378. 8 295, 3. 13 71, 6. 24 LATIN EEADEK. RULE XXIX. Ablative of Characteristic. 428. 52. 1. Caesar Procillum, summd * virtute adolescen- tem, ad Ariovistum misit. 2. Aristoteles, vir* summo ingenio, scientid, copid, prudentiam cum eloquentia con- junxit. 3. Cato singuldri fuit prudentid 3 et industrid. 4. Appius homo fuit summd prudentid^ multd etiam doctrlnd. 5. Hannibalis nomen erat magnd apud omnes gloria. 6. Agesilaus staturd fuit huniUi et corpore exi- guo. 7. Caesar fuit excelsd staturd^ colore candido, nigris oculis. RULE XXX. Ablative of Specification. 429. 53. 1. Sunt quidam homines 4 non re, sed nomine. 2. Doctrlna Graecia Eomanos et omni litterarum genere superabat. 3. Mardonius, natione Medus, a PausaniS- 5 fugatus est. 4. Helvetii reliquos Gallos virtute praece- dnnt. 5. Ancus regnavit arinos 6 quattuor et viginti, cuilibet 7 superiorum 8 regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par. RULE XXXI. Ablative Absolute. 430 & 431. 54. 1. Cognito Caesaris admntu, Ariovistus legatos ad eum mittit. 2. Ite, 9 deis 10 TOne juvantibus. 3. Py- thagoras, Tarquinio Superbo regnante, in Italiam venit. 4. Virtute exeeptd, nihil amicj^L 11 praestabilius est. 5. Germani pellibus 12 utuntur, rnlfp&a corporis^r^ nudd. 6. I^Tatus est Augustus, Cicerone et Antonio consuVibus. ' 163, 3. 5 414, 5. 9 295. 2 363. 6 378. 10 45, 6. 8 428, 1, 2). 7 191, II. ; 391. 11 417. 4 3G2. 8 163, 3. 22 419. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 25 7. Bomani, Scipione duce, ponte facto, superaverunt Ticinum flumen. RULE XXXII. Cases with Prepositions. 432-435.. 55. I. ACCUSATIVE. 1. Sophocles ad siimmam senec- tutem tragoedias fecit. 2. Adolescentes senum praeceptis ad virtutum l studio, duciintur. 3. Pietas est justitia ad- versus deos. 4. Ante lucem galli canunt. 5. Epaminon- das Lacedaemonios vicit apud Mlantineam,. 6. Legiunes Etruscorum cis Padum fusae sunt. 1. Utilitatis dere- lictio contra naturam est. *" 8. Justitia erga deos religio * dicitur, erga parentes, pietas. 9. Eatio conciliat inter se 3 homines. 10. Amicitia est propter se expetenda. 4 11. Animus per somnum curis & vacuus est. 12. Post me erat Aegina. 13. Secundum^m^^ paucae stationes videbantur. 14. Germani trans Hhenum incolunt. II. ABLATIVE. 1. A prima 6 aetdte me philosophia delectavit. 2. Cantabit vacuus coram latrone victor. 3. Sex menses 7 cum Antiocho philosopho fui. 4. Scipio ob egregiam victoriam de Hannifiale appellatus est Afri- canus. 5. Yirtus ex viro appellata est. 6. Cato prae ceteris floruit. 7. Caesar legiones pro castris constituit. 8. Vita nihil sine magno labore dedit mortalibus. 8 9. Aqua erat pectoribus teiius. III. ACCUSATIVE OK ABLATIVE. 1. In amnem ruunt. 2. Gallia est divlsa in paries tres. 3. Homo doctus in se semper divitias habet. 4. Sub ipsa moenia progress! sunt. 5. Saepe est etiam sub pallio sordido sapientia. 0. Virtus omnia subter se habet. 1 396, II. 4 231 ; 460, 1. 7 378. 3 362. 6 419, III. 8 384, II. 8 448, 1. 6 441, 6 ; 166. 9 434, 4. 26 LATIN EEADEK. SYNTAX OF ADJECTIVES. RULE XXXIII. Agreement of Adjectives. 438, 439. ^ 56. 1. Vera amicitia sempiterna est. 2. Verae ami- citiae sempiternae sunt. 3. Venit hiems glacidlis. 4. Fugit irreparable tempus. 5. Nihil est ab omni parte 'bedtum. 6. Atra nubes condidit lunam. 7. Hora quota est ? 8. Qualis est #w# mens ? 9. Nemo nascitur dives. 10. Stultitia et temeYit&sfugienda * sunt. 11. Labor voluptasque, dissimilllmd 2 nattira, 3 inter se sunt juncta. 12. Non terret sapientem* mors. 13. fortes* fortuna adjiivat. 14. Prima* luce summus mons a Labieno tenebutur. 6 15. Feriunt summos fulgtira montes. 16. Eoscius ass^d^lus' l ruri 8 vixit. 17. Philosophiae nos totos tradimus. 18. Themistocles dbsens proditionis 10 est accusatus. 19. Triumplius clarior quam gratior 11 ftiit. SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. RULE XXXIV. Agreement of Pronouns. 445. 57. 1. Omne animal se ipsum 12 diligit. 2. Ad quas res aptissimi erimus, in Us elaborabimus. 3. Niliil ex- pedit, quod non decet. 4. Non est vir 13 fortis, qui " labu- rem fugit. 58. PERSONAL AND POSSESSIVE. 446-449. 1. Omnia 1 460 ; 439, 3. 6 468. 11 444, 2. 163, 2; 439, 3. 7 443. 12 452. 8 414. 8 424, 2 ; 421, II. 13 362. 4 441. 384, II. 14 445, 0. 6 441, 6. 10 410, II. SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. 27 animalia se diligunt. 2. Te* tua? me delectant mea. 3. Ad amicum de amicitia scripsi. 4. Ego beatus sum. 5. In pliilosophiae studio aetatem consumpsi. 6. Aris- tldes non effugit civium sudrum invidiam. 59, DEMONSTRATIVE. 450-452. 1. Ilaec est tyran* inorum vita. 2. Nos ipsi 3 consolamur. 3. Ille est vir. 4. Ab ipso Graccho eadem haec audlmus. 5. Homo ha- bet memoriam et earn* infinitam. 60. 'RELATIVE. 453. 1. In mundo Dens est, qui regit, qui gubernat, qui cursus astrorum, mutationes temporum, rerum vicissitudmes conservat. 2. Riden- tur, 6 mala qui componunt carmma. 3. Eadem est utili- tatis, quae honestatis, regula. 4. Servi moribus 7 iisdem erant, quibus' 1 dominus. 5. Animal hoc providum, sagax, acutum, memor, plenum ration is, 8 quern 9 voca- mus hominem, generatum est a Deo. 6. Perutiles Xenophontis libri sunt ; quos 10 legite studiose. 61, INTERROGATIVE. 454. 1. dii 11 immortales, 12 quam rein publicam habemus, in qua urbe vivimus ? 2. Quae in me est facultas ? 62. INDEFINITE. 455-459. 1. Exspectabam 13 all- quern meorum. 14 2. Veni Athenas, 15 neque me quisquam ibi agnovit. 3. Aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, Cato sapi- ens fuit. 4. Suum cuique 16 pulchrum est. 5. Optimum 1T quidque 18 rarissimum est. 6. Oonsulum alter 19 exerciturn perdidit, alter vendidit. J 371. 8 399, 2, 2). 14 441, 1. - / 2 441, 1. 9 445, 4. 15 379. T^ 3 452, 1. 10 453. 16 384. 4 451, 2. M 45, 6. 17 165; 441, 2. 5 453, 2. 18 369. 18 458, 1. 451, 5. 13 468. 19 149. f 428". 28 LATIN READER. SYNTAX OF VEEBS. AGREEMENT. RULE XXXV. Verb with Subject. 460-463. 63. 1. Homines, dum decent* discunt. 2. Tantum scimus* quantum memoria tenemus. 3. Ego libertatem peperi ; ego patriam li~beram? 4. Crescit amor nummi, quantum 3 ipsa pecunia crescit. 5. Pars perexigua Eo- mam inermes * detain, sunt. 6. Uterque 5 eorum exerci- tum ex castris educunt* 7. Corinthus, totius Graeciae lumen, exstinctum' 1 est. 8. Eatio et OY&iioconciliat* inter se homines. 9. Castor et Pollux ex equis pugnaverunt? INDICATIVE TENSES AND USE. RULE X33LVL Use of Indicative. 474. 64. PRESENT. 466, 467. 1. Virtus conciliat amici- tias. 2. Nulla habemus arma contra mortem. 3. In proelio cita mors venit, aut victoria laeta. X 65. IMPERFECT. 468, 469. 1. Laelius orationem suam exornabat. 2. Exspectabam adventum Menandri. 3. Lycurgi leges vigebant. 4. Ut ( linae 10 consules, sic Carthagme quotannis bini reges credbaMur. 66. FUTURE AND FUTURE PERFECT. 470, 473. 1. Eo- 1 460, 2. 6 149, 4. e 463, 1. 2 460, 2, 1). ft 461, 3. 9 463, II. * 380, 2. 7 462. 10 421, IL 4 438, 6. SYNTAX OF VERBS. 2D mam ' quum venero, quae 3 perspexero, scribam ad to. 2. Ut sementem feceris, ita 7ftfes. 3. Si te 3 rogavero aliquid, 3 non respondebis ? 67. PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT. 4Y1, 472. 1. Hos- tes, ubi primum nostros equites conspexerunt* celeriter nostros perturbaverunt. 2. Ipse semper cum Graecis Latin a conjunxi. 3. Ci vitas naee semper a me defensa est. 4. Lacedaemoniorum gens fortis fuit^ dum Lycurgi leges vigebant. 5. Summa cura 5 exspectabam adventum Menandri, quern 6 ad te miseram. 6. Hannibal tres mo- dios aureorum annulorum Carthagmem misit, quos manibus 7 equitum Eomanorum 8 detraxerat. SUBJUNCTIVE. TENSES AND USE. | EULE XXXVII. Sequence of Tenses.- 480, 481. 63. 1. Ego vos hortor, ut amicitiam omnibus rebus 9 humftnis anteponatis." 2, Philosoplna nos docuit, ut nosmet 11 ipsos nosceremus. 3. Dubitant nonnulli de mundo, casune 13 ipse sit effectus" an mente divlna. 4:. Epaminondas quaesivit, salvusne 15 esset clipeus. 5. Epa- minondas rogavit, essentnefusi hostes. 6. Ego in causia publicis ita sum versatus, ut defenderim multos. EULE XXXYIII. Potential Subjunctive. 485, 486. 69. 1. Quaerat quispiam, cujusnam 16 causa 17 mun> cms lactus sit. 1 ^J- 2. V 'ideas rebus ' injustis justo '379. 7 434, 1. 13 526, II. 1. 2 445, 6, 8 438. 14 525. 3 374. 9 386. K 526, I. 4 460, 2. 10 489, 490. 16 188, 3. 6 414, 3. 11 184, 8. 17 414. 6 445. 22 492, 2 ; 374, 4. 18 441, 545, 30 LATIN HEADER. maxime 1 dolere. 2 3. Equidem vellem* ut redlres. 4. Forsitan quaeras qui iste terror sit. 5. Hoc sine ulla 4 dubitatione confirmaverim. 6. Quid facidtisf* 7. Quis haec faciat f 8. Quid videdtur Deo 6 magnum in rebus liumanis ? RULE XXXIX. Subjunctive of Desire. 487 ; 488. "JCX 1. Imitemur majores nostros. 2. Valeant cives mei ; sint ineoliimes, sint beati ; stet haec urbs praeelara. 3. Religio et fides anteponatur' 1 amicitiae. 8 4. Orator imitetur Demosthenem. 5. Is qui imperat aliis 9 serviat ipse nulli 10 cupiditati. 6. In rebus prosperis superbiam &mog&nti&mquefugidmus. 7. Ne quis, tanquam parva, fastidiat grammaticae elementa. HULE XL. Subjunctive of Purpose or Result. fil8& 71. UT AND NE. 490-493. 1. Eomani ab aratro abduxerunt Cincinnatum, ut dictator esset. 11 2. Phaethon optavit, ut in currum 12 patris 13 tolleretur 3. Caesar adLamiam scripsit, ut ad ludos oirmio,jp&raret* % 4. Ti- moleon oravit omnes, ne id facerent^J 5. Deere vit senatus, ut consul mderet? ne quid res publica detri- ment! lfl caperet. 1 * 6. Discipiilos id unum 17 moneo, ut praeceptores 18 non minus, quam ipsa studia ament" 72, UT AND UT NON. 494-496. 1. Tanta vis probi- tatis est, ut earn in hoste etiam diUgdmus. 2. Dives est, cui 14 LATIN READER. ribus Graecis, admirabile est, quantum inter omnes unug excellat. 7. Mihi non minor! J curae 2 est, quails res pub- lica post mortem meam/^&ra sit, quam qualis hodie sit. RULE XL VI. Subjunctive ly Attraction. 527. 84. 1. Me admones, ut me integrum, quoad possim, servem. 3 2. Quid est, cur non orator de rebus iis elo- quentissime dicat, 4 quas cognorit. 3. Jussit ut, quae venissent, naves Euboeam peterent. 3 4. In Hortensio memoria fuit tanta, ut, quae secum commentdtus esset, ea verbis 5 iisdem 6 redderet, 7 quibus cogitwvisset. 5. Ke- cordatione * nostrae amicitiae sic fruor, ut beate vixisse * videar/ quia cum Scipione vixerim. 10 EULE XL VII. Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse. 529. 85,1. Socrates dicebat, 11 omnes 12 in eo, quod seirent, satis 13 esse 1 * eloquentes. 2. Apud Hypanim 1& fluvium, Aristoteles ait, 16 bestiolas quasdem nasci, quae unum diem vivant^TS. Ariovistus Caesari 17 respondit: quid sibi vellet ? cur in suas possessiones veniret f jus esse belli, ut, qui vicissent, iis, 19 quos vicissent, quemadmo- dum vellent, imperdrent. 4. Legationi Ariovistus respon- dit: si quid ipsi 20 a Caesare opus esset? 1 sese ad eum venturum fuisse; 21 si quid ille a se velit, ilium ad se venire " oportere. 5. Divico ita cum Caesare egit : si pacem popiilus Eomanus cum Helvetusfaceret in earn 165. 9 549 5 4, 1). " 384. 390. 10 481, I. 2. 18 293. 489. * " 469, II. 10 385. 525. 12 545. 20 452, 5. 414. 13 582. 31 533, 2. 186. 14 530, I. 22 549, 2. 4S9, 494. 25 85, III. 1. 23 533, 3. 419. M 297, II. 1. SYNTAX OF VERBS, ^^- 35 partem ituros l Helvetios, 2 ubi eos Caesar esse voluisset y 3 sin bello persequi * perseverdret^ reminisceretur pristinae virtutis 5 Helvetiorum. IMPERATIVE TENSES AND USE. EULE XLVIIL Imperative. 535. 86. 1. Sperne voluptates. 2. Consullte vobis,* Pa- tres 7 conscripti, prospicite patriae, conservdte vos, 8 conju- ges, liberos, fortunasque vestras ; popiili Roman! nomen salute mque defendite. 3. Vive mem or leti ; 9 fugit hora. 4. Valetudinem tuam cur a diligenter. 5. Virtutes excita* si forte dormiunt. ^jft. Poemata dulcia sunto. 1. Lu- pins " ne 12 audeto 13 placare donisiram deorum. 8. Con- siiles militiae summum jus Jidbento^ nemmi parento. 9. Noli " te oblivisci 14 Ciceronem esse. 10. Cura ut quam primum l5 venias. 10 . INFINITIVE TENSES AND USE. Tenses of Infinitive. 540-544. EULE XLIX. Subject of Infinitive. 545. Predicate after Infinitive. 546, 547. Infinitive as Subject. 549. 87. 1. Virum T)omim esse, semper est utile." 2. Om- nibus bonis 18 expedit, salvam esse rem puWicam. 3. A Deo miindum necesse " est regi. 4. Concedendum est 19 1 530, I. ; 545, 3 ; 295. 8 448. 14 538, 2. 2 545. 9 399, 2, 2). 16 305, 6. 3 533, 4 10 537, II. 1(5 535, 1, 1). 4 552. 11 441. 17 438, 3. 8 406, II. 12 538, 1. 18 441, 384. 8 384. 13 272, 3. 10 301, 2. 7 869, 30 LATIN HEADER. iri virtute sola positam csse ledtam viiam. 5. Laelium doctum fuisse traditum est. 6. Lectltavisse ' Platonem studiuse Demosthenes dicitur. 1 7. Non esse 2 cupidum pecurria 3 est. 8. Non esse cmdcem vectlgal est. 9. Con* tentum suis rebus 4 esse maximae 5 sunt divitiae.V^ 10. Di* ligere parentes r ' prima 7 naturae lex 3 est. 11. Lycurgi temporibus 8 Homerus fuisse dicitur. 12. Imperare sibi maximum est imperium. 13. Parentes suos non amdre* impietas est. 14. Constat ad salutem civium inventas csse leges. 15. Pecuniam praeferre amicitiae 10 sordidum est. 16. Niliil est tam angusti anirni," quam amdre di- vitias. 17. Ex mails eligere minima oportet. Infinitive as Object. 550, 551. 88. 1. Ferre laborem consuetudo doeet. 2. Vincere Bcis, Hannibal, 19 victoria 13 uti nescis.y 3. Magister tuus te magna mercede 14 nihil 15 sapere :6 docuit.Y- 4. Xurn sum vel Graece loqui, vel Latlne docendus? 5. Non omnes sciunt referre i7 beneficium. 6. A Graecis i8 Galli urbes moenibiis J0 cingere didicerunt. 7. Non utilem ar- bitror esse futurarum rerum scientiam. 8. Concede nihil esse lonum, nisi quod honestum sit. 20 9. Nonne poetae post mortem nobiiitdri volunt ? 10. Syraeusas maximam esse Graeearwn url)iwn^ omnium audivistis. 11. Socra- tes parens 22 philosopliiae jure 23 did potest. 2 * 12. Nun- quam putavi/b/ 1 ^ 23 ut supplex ad te venlrem. 25 13. Cato esse quam videri bonus 22 malebat. 25 1 549, 4,1). IO S86, 1. 2 545, 2, 2). "401. " 362. 12 369. ai M6, 2, S), 4 419, IV. " 419. ^ 547, I. 5 165. " 416 / 23 414. * 371. I6 371, 3. 21 289. 7 166. J6 374, 4. 2& 544. 6 426. " 292, 2. = s 293. 9 292, 2. * 425. SYNTAX OF VEKBS. 37 Infinitive in Special Constructions. 553. 89. 1. Consilium erat continudre * bellum. 2. Bene et beate vivere est honeste et recte vivere. 3. Postumio negotium dabatur videre? ne quid 3 res publica detri- ment! 4 caperet. 5 4. Fuit fama Themistoclem venenum sua sponte 8 sumpsisse. 5. Me non cum bonis ease ? 7 6. Tene hoc, Atti, 8 dicer e, tali prudentia 9 praeditum ? 7. Adeone hommem infelwem esse quemquam^ nt ego sum ! SUBJECT AND OBJECT CLAUSES. 554-558. 90. SUBJECT CLAUSES. 555, 556. 1. Quaeritur, quid faciendum sit. 10 2. Yerum " est amicitiam inter bonos esse. 3. Eeliquum est, ut certernus 13 officiis 13 inter nos. 4. Accedit quod 1 * patrem 15 amo. 91. OBJECT CLAUSES. 557, 558. 1. "Non dubito, tu quid responsurus sis. 10 2. Eogavi pervenissentne 1C Agri- gentum. 3. Sentimus nivem esse albam ; dulce, mel. 4. Democritus dicit innumerabfles esse mundos. 5. Me- mmi gloriatum esse Hortensium, 17 quod nunquam bello 18 civlli interfuisset. 19 GEHUKDS AND GERUNDIVES. 559-566. 92. GEOTTIYE. 563. 1. Sapientia ars 20 vivendi pu- tanda est. 2. Caesar loquendi finem facit. 3. Mihi 21 discendi, tibi docendi facultatem otium praebet. 4. Le- gendi semper occasio est, audiendi, non semper. 5. Epa- 1 553, I. 2 553, II. 3 190, 1. " 45, 5,2). 9 419, HI. 10 525. 15 44^ 16 526, I. 17 545. 4 396, 2, 3). 5 492. 11 438, 3. 12 495, 2. 18 386. 19 529. 6 414, 2. 7 558, III. 13 414. 14 554, IV. 20 362. 21 384, II. 38 LATIN READER. A minondas studiosus erat audiendi.r^ 6. Maxime 2 sum cupidus te 3 audiendi. 7. Demosthenes Platonis studio- sus audiendi fuit. 8. Multi propter gloriae cupiditatem cupidi sunt fiellorum gerendorum. 9. Exercendae memo- riae gratia, 4 quid quoque die 6 audierim, 6 commemoro vespere. 93. DATIVE. 564. 1. Crassus disserendo' 1 par non erat. 2. Solvendo* civitates non erant. 3. Numa sacer- dotlfius* creandis animum adjecit. 4. Mons pecori bonus alendo erat. 5. Consul placandis diis dat operam. 6. Sunt nonnulli acuendis puerorum ingeniis non inutiles lusus. 94. ACCUSATIVE. 565. 1. Homo ad intelligendum" et ad agendum est natus. 2. Breve tempus aetatis satis longum est ad bene 11 vivendum. 3. Bene sentlre r^cte- que facere 12 satis est ad bene beateque mvendwn. 4. Pythagoras Laeedaemona 13 ad cognoscendas Lycurgi leges contendit. 5. Ubii iiaviurn inagnam copiam ad tramportandum exercitum pollicebantur. 6. Ca,tilina, nobilissimi generis 14 vir, sed ingenii pravisslmi, ad delen- dampatriam conjuravit cum audacissimis viris. 95. ABLATIVE. 566. 1. Nihil 16 agenda homines male agere 17 discunt. 2. Lycurgi leges laboribus erudi- unt juventutem, venando, currendo, algendo, aestuando. 3. Omnis loquendi elegant ia augetur legendis oratoribus et poetis. 4. Virtutes cernuntur in agendo. 5. Multa 19 de bene beateque vivendo a Platone disputata sunt. 1 399, 2, 2). 7 391, 1. 13 379 ; 93, 1. 3 805, 2; 165. 8 384. 14 396, IV. 8 371. 9 384, II. 16 371. 4 414, 2. 10 433. 16 414. 6 426. 11 559. 1T 550. % c 525 ; 234. 12 549. 18 441, 1. SYNTAX OF VERBS. 39 SUPINE.- -567-570. RULE L. Supine in u:\i. 569. Supine in u. 570. 96, 1. Lacedaemonii Agesilaum ficlldtum misSrunt in Asiam. 2. Themistocles Argos l habitdtum eoncessit. 3. Hannibal patriam 2 defensum revocatus est. 4. Vei- entes pacem petltum oratores Eomam mittunt. 5. Quod optimum 3 factu * videbitur, facies. 6. Quid est tain ju- cundum cogmtu atque audltu, quam sapientibus senten- fciis 6 ornata oratio ? T. Pleraque dictu, quam re 8 sunt faciliora. 7 PARTICIPLES. 571-581. 97. 1. Alexander moriens 8 anniilum dedit Perdiccae. 2. Hippias in Marathonia pugna cecidit, arma contra pa- triam ferens. 9 3. Apelles pinxit Alexandruni Magnum fulmen tenentem in templo Ephesiae Dianae. 4. Sol occidens 10 noctem conf icit. 5. Terra mutdta " non mu- tat mores. 6. Dionysius tyrannus, Syracusis 12 expulsus, Corinthi 13 pueros docebat. 7. Hannibal imperator " factus omnes gentes Hispaniae bello subegit. 8. Sacer- dos vincta in eustodiam datur. 9. Eegibus exactis, con- siiles creati sunt. 10. Perditis rebus omnibus, tamen ipsa 16 virtus se sustentare " potest. 11. Athenienses, non exspectdto auxilio, in proelium egrediuntur. 19 12. Sperrie J 379. 8 578, I. 14 362, 3. 2 371. 9 292. 15 578, IV. 3 165. 10 578, II. 16 452. 4 570, 429. 11 580. 17 552, 1. 6 414. 12 425. 18 581. 6 429. 18 421, II, 19 221. 7 163, 2. 3 40 LATIN READER. voluptates ; nocet empta dolore l voluptas. 13. Dilapsi sunt in oppida moeiribus 3 se defensuri* 14. Pueris sententias ediscendas* damns. 15. Lentiiltis attribuit urbem inflammandam Cassio, 4 totam Italiam vastandam Catillnae. SYNTAX OF PAETICLES. RULE LI. Use of Adverbs. 582-585. CONJUNCTIONS, 587, 588. 98, ADVERBS. 1. Sapientis 5 animus semper vacat vitio/ nunquam turgescit; nunquam sapiens irascitur. 2. Semper in proelio iis 7 maximum 8 est periciiliim qui 9 maxime timent. 3. Ut secunda 10 moderate tulimus/ 1 sic adversam foYtim&mfortiter ferre debemns. 99. CONJUNCTIONS. 1. Horae cedunt et dies et menses ei anni. 2. Neque pecuniae neque tecta magnif ica " ne- que opes 13 neque imperia neque voluptates in bonis rebus numeraiidae sunt. 3. Atticus neque mendacium dicebat neque pati poterat. 4. Yirtus nee eripi nee surripi potest unquam ; neque naufragio 14 neque incendio amittitur. 5. Aut labores aut sumptus suseipere nolunt. 15 6. Est philosophi 16 habere 1T non vagam, sed certain sententiam. 7. Jus sua sponte 18 est expetendum ; ctenim omnes viri boni jus ipsum amant. M16. 7 887. 13 133, 1. 3 414. 8 165. 14 414, 4. 3 578, V. 9 445. 16 293. 4 384, II. w 441, 1. 16 401. 6 441. 11 292. 17 549. 419, III. 18 164. * 414, 2. PAR T SEC OND, LATIN SELECTIONS. FABLES. NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Fables and Anecdotes, special attention should be given to Gender and to the Formation of Cases, especially of the Genitive Singular of the Third Declension. 44, 47, 55- 90, 99-115, 118, 120. The Kid and the Wolf. 100. Hoedus, stans * in tecto domus, 2 lupo 3 praeter- eunti maledixit. Cui lupus, " Non tu^ inquit, 4 "sed tectum mihi maledicit" Saepe locus 6 et tempus homines 6 timidos audaces 7 reddit. 8 The Oxen. 101. In eodem prato pascebantur tres 10 boves 11 in maxima concordia, et sic ab omni ferarum incursione ia tuti erant. Sed dissidio 1S inter illos orto, singuli a feris " petiti et laniati stint. Fabiila docet, quantum boni sit lfi in concordia. - * t 1 438, 1. 6 61, 2. ' 72, 6 ; 89, III. ; 90, 2- 2 117, 1; 118, 1. 7 373, 3. a 100,3. 8 384. 8 463, I. 3 431. 4 297, II. 2. 468. * 414, 5. 8 -41. 10 176. 5 525. 4-2 LATIN READER. The Woman and the Hen. 102. Mulier quaedam liabebat galllnam, quae ei 1 quotidie ovum pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicari 2 coepit, 3 illam auri massam intus celare, et galllnam occidit. Sed nihil in ea reperit, nisi quod * in aliis gallinis reperlri solet. 5 Itaque dum majoribus 8 divitiis 7 inhiabat, etiam minores perdidit. The Peasant and the Mouse. 103. Mus 8 a rustico deprehensus tarn acri morsu ejus digitos vulneravit, ut ille eum dimitteret, 9 dicens : " Nihil, mehercule, tampusillum est, quodde salute 10 des- perdre debeat" modo se defendere velit. The Fox and the Grapes. 104, Yulpes 13 uvam in vite conspicata ad illam sub* siliit omnium virium u suarum contentione, 16 si earn forte attingere posset. Tandem defatigata inani labore disce- dens dixit : " At nunc etiam acerbae sunt, nee eas in via repertas 16 tollerem" " Haec fabiila docet, multos ea contemnere, quae se assequi posse desperent. 18 The Wolf and the Crane. 105, In f aucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede 10 igitur eondiicit gruem, 20 qui illud extrahat. 11 Hoc grus longi- tudine 21 colli facile effecit. Quum autem mercedem J 384, II. 8 73, E. 1; 115, 1. 15 414; 100,3. 2 221 ; 652. 489; 494. K 578, HI. 8 297 ; 460, 2. 10 73, E. 2; 115,2. 17 503 ; 503, 2. 4 445, 6. 11 500. 18 500, 2. 6 272, 3. 12 505. 19 416 ; 69, 1 ; 104, 1. 6 165 ; 153. 13 36, 4 ; 109. 20 73, E. 4 ; 36, 2. '386. 14 88, 3. 21 61, 2 ; 100, 1. FABLES. 43 postularet, 1 subrldens lupus et dentibus 9 infrendens, "NumtiM" inquit, " parva merces 3 mdetur, quod co- put incolume ex lupi faucibus extraxisti f " The Trumpeter. 106. Tubicen* ab liostibus eaptus, "Ne* me" inquit, " interficite / nam inermis sum, neque 6 quidquam ha- leo praeter hanc tulam" At hostes, " Propter hoo ipsum" inquiunt, 4i te interimemus, quod, quum ipse pugnandi r sis * imperltus, olios ad pugnam incitdre Fabiila docet, non solum maleficos 9 esse puniendos, sed etiam eos, qui alios ad male faciendum 10 irrltent. 11 The Husbandman and his Sons. 107, Agricola senex, quum mortem 12 sibi 13 appro- pinquare sentlret, 14 filios convocavit, quos, 15 ut fieri 1 plus adeuntem maximus natu 12 e sacerdotibus FILIUM ap- pellat, hoc nomen illi parentem Jovem redder e aflSirmans. Ille se vero et accipere ait 13 et agnoscere, humanae sor- tis 14 oblitus. Consiilit deinde, an totius orbis imperium sibi destinaret J5 PATEE. Aeque in adulationem composi- tus, terrarum omnium rectorem fore ostendit. Post haec institit quaerere, an omnes parentis sui interfectores poenas dedissent. Sacerdos PAEENTEM ejus negat ulllus scelere posse violari, PHILIPPI autem omnes luisse sup- plicia. Sacrificio deinde facto, dona et sacerdotibus et deo data, 16 permissumque amicis, ut ipsi quoque consu- lerent " Jovem. Nihil amplius quaesiverunt, quam an 1 492, 4. 87, II. 3 ; 85, 1. 13 297, II. 1. 2 467, III. 441, 1. 14 406, II. 3 273, I. ; 248, 1.5. 371, 4. 15 525. 4 429. 384. 16 460, 3. 6 494. 301, 3. 17 492. c 443, 1. 168, 3. GRECIAN HISTORY. 95 auctor esset sibi divlnis lionoribus colendi. 1 suum regem. Hoc quoque acceptum fore Jovi a vates respondit. Eex ex Ammone rediens 3 elegit urbi locum, ubi nunc est Alexandria, appellationem traliens ex nomine auctoris. Darius makes his last proposals of Peace. 240, Jam Darius pervenerat Arbela* vicum, nobi- lem sua clade facturus. Raro in ullo proelio tantum sanguinis 5 fusum est. Tandem Darli aurlga, qui ante ipsum sedens equos regebat, hasta transfixus est ; nee aut Persae ant Macedones dubitavere, quin ipse rex esset occisus. 6 Cedere 7 Persae, et laxare ordmes ; jamque non pugna, sed caedes erat, quum Darius quoque currum suum in fugam vertit ; victor! Alexandro Asiae impe- rium obtigit. 8 Disturbances in Greece. 241, Dum haec in Asia gerebantur, Graecia fere omnis, spe recuperandae libertatis/ ad armai concurrerat, auctoritatem Lacedaemoniorum secuta. Dux hujus belli Agis, rex Lacedaemoniorum, fuit. Quern 9 motum Anti- pater, dux 10 ab Alexandro in Macedonia relictus, in ipso ortu oppressit. Magna tamen utrimque caedes fuit. Agis rex, quum suos terga dantes videret, dimissis satel- litibus 11 ut Alexandro felicitate, non virtute inferior videretur," tantam stragem hostium edidit, 13 ut agmina interdurn fugaret. Ad postremum, etsi a multitudino victus, gloria tamen omnes vicit. J 663. 6 498. J0 362, 3. 3 391. 7 545, 1. "70. 8 295, 3. 8 254, 5 ; 280, M 491. 4 379. 9 453. "280. 396, III. 96 LATIN KEADEE, Alexander invades India. 242. Post liaec Indiam petit, ut Oceano finlret im> perium. Cui gloriae ut etiam exercitus ornamenta con- venirent, phaleras equorum et arma militum argento inducit. Quum ad Nysam urbem venisset, oppidanis 1 non repugnantibus parci jussit. Alexander returns to Babylon, 324 E. C. 243. Ab ultimis 2 oris Oceani Babyloniam reversus, convivium solemniter instituit. Ibi quum totus 3 in lae- titiam effusus esset, recedentem jam e convivio Medius Thessalus, instaurata comissatione invitat. Accepto po- ciilo, inter bibendum 4 veliiti telo confixus ingerauit, elatusque e convivio semianimis, tanto dolore cruciatus est, ut ferrum in remedia posceret. 5 Yenenum accepisse creditur. Death of Alexander, 323 B. C. 244. Quarta, die Alexander indubitatam mortem sentiens 3 agnoscere se fatum domus majorum sudrum, ait, namplerosque Aeaciddrum intra triceslmum annum defunctos. T uinultuantes deinde milites, insidiis periisse 8 regem suspicantes, ipse sedavit, eosque omnes ad con- spectum suum admisit, osculandamque 7 dextram por- rexit. 8 Quum lacriniarent 9 omnes, ipse non sine lacrimis tantum, verum etiarn sine ullo tristioris mentis argu- mento fuit. Ad postremum corpus suum in Ammonis templo condi jubet. Quum deficere eum amlci viderent, quaerunt, quern imperil faciat heredem ; 10 respondit, 1 385. 6 494. 8 260, 1, 1). 2 166. 6 295, 3. p 518, L 3 443. 7 578, V. 10 373. 4 565,1. GBECIAN HISTORY. 97 Dignissimwn. Hac yoce omnes amicos suos ad aemu- lam regni cupiditatem aceendit. Sexta die, praeclusa voce, exemptum digito 1 annulum Perdiccae tradidit, quae res gliscentem amicorum discordiam sedavit. Nam etsi non voce nuncupatus heres, 2 judicio tamen electus 8 esse videbatur. Remarks on ilie character of Alexander. 245, Decessit Alexander mensem unum tres et tri- ginta annos 4 natns, vir supra humamim modum vi & ani- mi praeditus. Omina quaedam magnitudinem ejus in ipso ortu portendisse existimabantur. Quo die natus est, pater ejus nuntium duarum victoriarum accepit; alterius, belli Illyrici, alterius, certaminis Olympiad, in quod quadrlgas miserat. Puer acerrimis litterarum stu- diis eruditus fuit. Exacta pueritia, per quinquennium Aristotele, philosopho praestantissimo, usus est magistro. Accepto tandem imperio tantam militibus suis iiduciam fecit, ut, illo praesente, nullius hostis arma timerent. 8 Itaque cum nullo hoste unquam congressus est, quern non yicerit ; 7 nullam urbem obsedit, quam non expug- naverit. Victus denique est non virtute hostili, Bed in- sidiis suorum et fraude. 1 434, 1. 4 378. 6 494. 3 362, 3. 6 419, IH. T 601,1. 3 547. SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER I. The preparation of a Beading Lesson in Latin involves 1. A knowledge of the Meaning of the Latin. 2. A knowledge of the Structure of the Latin Sentences. 3. A translation into English. MEANING OF THE LATIN. II. Kemember that almost every inflected word in a Latin sen- tence requires the use of both the Dictionary and the Grammar to ascertain its meaning. The Dictionary gives the meaning of the word without reference to its Grammati- cal properties of case, number, mood, tense, etc., and the Grammar, the meaning of the endings which mark those properties. The Dictionary will give the meaning of mensa, a table, but not of mensdrum, of tables ; the Grammar alone will give the force of the ending arum. III. Make yourself so familiar with all the endings of inflection, with their exact form and force, whether in declension or conjuga- tion, that you will not only readily distinguish the different parts of speech from each other, but also the different forms of the same word with their exact and distinctive force. IV. In taking up a Latin sentence, 1. Notice carefully the endings of the several words, and thus determine which words are nouns, which verbs, etc. 2. Observe the force of each ending, and thus determine case, number, wice, mood, tense, etc. This will be found to be a very important step toward the mastery of the sentence. By this means you will discover not only the relation of the words to each other, but also an important part of their meaning, that which they derive from their endings. Y. The key to the meaning of any simple sentence (345, I.) will be found in the simple subject and predicate, i. e., in the Nominative and its Verb. Hence in looking out the sentence, observe the fol- lowing order. Take 1 . The Subject, or Nominative. 100 LATIN READEE. The ending will in most instances enable you to distinguish this from all otter words, except the adjectives which agree with it. These may be looked out at the same time with the subject. Sometimes the subject is not expressed, but only implied, in the ending of the verb. It may then be readily supplied, as it is always a pronoun of such person and number as the verb indicates; as, audio, I hear, the ending io showing that the subject is ego ; audilis, you hear, the ending itis showing that the subject is vos. 2. The Verb, with Predicate Noun or Adjective, if any. This will be readily known by the ending. Now combining this with the Subject, you will have an outline of the sentence. Ail the other words must now be associated with these two parts. 3. The Modifiers of the Subject, i. e., adjectives agreeing with it, nominatives in apposition with it, genitives dependent upon it, etc. But perhaps some of these have already been looked out im the attempt to ascertain the subject. In looking out these words, bear In mind the meaning of the subject to which they belong. This will greatly aid you in selecting from the dictionary the true meaning in the passage before you. 4. The Modifiers of the Verb, i. e., (1) Oblique cases, Accusatives, Datives, etc., dependent upon it, and (2) Adverbs qualifying it. Bear in mind all the while the force of the case and the meaning of the verb, that you may be able to select for each word the true meaning in the passage before you. VI. In complex and compound sentences (345, II., III.), dis- cover first the connectives which unite the several members, and then proceed with each member as with a simple sentence. VII. In the use of Dictionary and Vocabulary, remember that you are not to look for the particular form which occurs in the sen- tence, but for the Nom. Sing, of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns, and for the First Pers. Sing. Pres. Indie. Act. of Verbs. Therefore, 1. In Pronouns, make yourself so familiar with their declension, that any oblique case will at once suggest the Norn. Sing. If voMs occurs, you must remember that the Nom. Sing, is tu. 2. In Nouns and Adjectives, make yourself so familiar with the case-endings, that you will be able to drop that of the given case, and substitute for it that of the Nom. Sing. Thus, mcnsibus; stem men , Norn. Sing, mensts, which you will find ia the Vo- cabulary. So urbm, urb, urls. SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER. 101 3. In Verbs, change the ending of the given form into that of the First Pers. Sing, of the Pres. Indie. Act. Thus, amdbat ; stem am, First Pers. Sing. Pres. Indie. Act amo, which you will find in the Vocabulary. So sm&verunt ; First Pers. Perf. amaw', Perf. stem amav, Verb stem am ; amo. To illustrate the steps recommended in the preceding suggestions, we add tho following Model. VIII. Themistocles imperator servitude totam Graeciam liberavit. 1. Without knowing the meaning of the words, you will discover from their forms, 1) That Themistocles and imperator QTQ probably nouns in the Nona. Sing. 2) That servitute is a noun in the Abl. Sing. S) That totam and Graeciam are either nouns or adjectives in the Accus. Sing. 4) That liberdmt is a verb in the Act. voice, Indie, mood, Perf. tense, Third Person, Singular number. 2. Now, turning to the Vocabulary for the meaning of the words, you will learn, 1) That Themistocles is the name of an eminent Athenian general: THEMISTOCLES. 2) That libero, for which you must look, not for liberdmt, means to liber* ate : LIBERATED. Themistocles liberated. 3) That imperator means commander / THE COMMANDER. Themistocles, the commander, liberated. 4) That Graeciam is the name of a country : GREECE. Themistocles the commander liberated Greece. 5) That totus means the whole, all : ALL. Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece. 6) That sermtus means servitude : FROM SERVITUDE. Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece from servitude. STRUCTURE OF THE LATIN SENTENCE. IX. The structure of a sentence is best shown by analyzing it and parsing the words which compose it. Analysis. X. Tell whether the sentence is simple, complex, or compound. XL In analyzing a Simple sentence (345, I.), name, 1. The Subject and Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and (2) in the complex form (347, 350). 102 LATIN HEADER. 2. The Modifiers of the Subject, (1) in tho simple form, and (2) in the complex form (352). 3. The Modifiers of the Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and (2) in the complex form (354-356). If the Modifiers are complex, the analysis may be continued till all complex elo- ments arc explained. Model. XII. In his castris Cluilius, Albanus rex, moritur. Cluilius, the Allan Icing, dies in this camp. 1. This is a simple sentence. 2. Clwlius is the simple subject, and moritur, the simple predicate. Cluilius Albanus rex, is the complex subject, and in his castris moritur is the complex predicate. 3. Rex is the simple modifier of the subject Cluilius, and Albanus rex, the complex modifier, as rex is modified by Albanus. 4. In castris is the simple modifier of the predicate morUur, showing where he dies, and in his castris is the complex modifier, as castris is modi- fied by his. XIII. In analyzing a Complex sentence (345, II.), 1. Name the sentence, or clause, 1 used as an element in it with its connective (357). 2. Analyze the sentence as a whole, like a simple sentence. 3. Analyze the subordinate clause (345, 2). Model. XIY. Donee eris felix, multos numerabis amicos. So long as you are prosperous, you will number many friends,, 1. This is a complex sentence. 2. Donee eris felix, is a clause introduced as a modifier of numerdbis, showing when you will number. 3. Tu, implied in numerabis, is the subject ; numerabis is the simple predicate, donee eris felix, multos numerabis amicos is the complex predicate. 4. Amicos is the simple object of the predicate numerabis, and multoB amicos the complex object. Donee eris felix is the adverbial modifier of the predicate. 5. Donee eris felix is a simple sentence, with the connective donee. Tu, implied in eris, is the subject, and eris felix, the predicate, eris being the copula (353) andfetix the predicate adjective. 1 If the sentence is abridged, show wherein (358, 859> SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER, 103 XV. In analyzing a Compound sentence (345, III.)> 1. Separate it into its members and name the connectives. 1 2. Analyze each member as a separate sentence. Model. XVI. Sol ruit et montes umbrantur. The sun descends and the mountains are shaded. 1. This is a compound sentence (345, III.). 2. The members are sol ruit and montes umbrantur, connected by tha conjunction et. 3. The members are simple sentences, and are analyzed accordingly. Parsing. XVII. In parsing a word, 1. Name the Part of Speech to which it belongs. 2. Inflect 2 it, if capable of inflection. 3. Give its gender, number, case, voice, mood, tenso, person, etc. 3 4. Give its Syntax and the Kule for it. 4 Model. XVIII. Komani ab aratro abduxerunt Cincinnfitum, nt dictator esset, The Romans took Cincinnatus from the plough, that he might "be dictator. 1. JRomdni is B.n adjective : JRomdnus, a, um, STEM, Roman ; decline (148). It is in the Nom. Plur. Masc. t is used substantively (441), and is the subject of dbduxerunt. Give Rule III. 2. Abduxerunt is an active verb : ab-duco, ab-ducere, ab-duxi, ab-ductum, compounded of ab and duco (313, II.); STEM, ab-duc, PERFECT STEM, ab-dux. Give synopsis of the mood (218, I. 2). Inflect the tense, i. e., the Indicative Perf. Act. (209). It is in the Active voice, Indie, mood, Per/, tense, Third person, Plur. number, and agrees with JRomdni. Give Rule XXXV. 3. Cindnndtum is a Proper noun (31, 1), of the Second Decl. ; STEM 1 If the sentence is abridged, name the compound elements. 3 Inflect, i. e., decline, compare or conjugate. 3 That is, such of these properties as it possesses. 4 No special Rule is deemed necessary for Prepositions, Conjunctions, or Interjec- tions. Prepositions are provided for by the rule for Oases with Prepositions. Con- junctions are mere connectives, and are quite fully explained under Moods. Interjections are only expressions of emotion, or mere marks of address, explained under Cases. Zp-or THK^^ [UJM7EESIT7] 104 LATIN READER. Cincinnatf decline (45), used only in the singular (100, 1). It is in the Accus. Sing. Masc., and is the direct object of dbdux'erunt. Give Rule V. 4. Ab is a preposition used with the Abl. Ardtro. 5. Ardtro is a noun of the Second Decl. ; STEM aratr ; decline (45). It is in the Abl. Sing. Neut. y and is used with the Prep. db. Give Rule XXXII. 6. Ut is a conjunction of purpose (491), connecting abduxerunt and esset. 7. Esset is an intransitive verb : sum, esse.fui (204). Give synopsis of the moody and inflect the tense, i. e., Subj. Imperf. It is in the Subj. mood, Im- perf. tense, Thirti person, Sing, number, and agrees with the pronoun is, he, implied in the ending (460, 2). Give Rule XXXV. 8. Dictator is a noun of the Third Decl. ; STEM dictator ; decline (51, II.). It is in the Aiom. Sing. Masc. t and agrees, as Predicate noun, with the omitted subject of esset* Give Rule I. TRANSLATION. XIX. In translating, render as literally as possible without doing violence to the English. In many important idioms of the Latin, a literal translation would not only fail to do justice to the original, but would also be a gross perversion of the mother-tongue. The following suggestions are intended to aid the pupil in disposing of such cases ; but even in these, it is earnestly recom- mended that he should first construe literally, in order that he may be made to feel the force of the Latin construction before attempting a translation. Participles. XX. These are much more extensively used in Latin than in English ; hence the frequent necessity, in translating them, of devi- ating from the Latin construction. They may generally be rendered in some one of the following ways 1 (571-581) : 1. Literally: Pyrrhus proelio fusus a Tarento rccessit, PyrrJius Jiaving been defeated in battle withdrew from Tarentum. 2. By a Relative Clause : Omnes aliud agentes*, aliud sirnulantes improbi sunt, All wTio do one tiling and pretend anotJier are disJionest. 3. By a Clause with a Conjunction : 1 The pupil must early learn to determine from the context the appropriate render- Ing in each instance. SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER. 105 1). With a Conjunction of Time, while, when, after, etc. Uva maturuta dulcescit, The grape, when it has ripened (having ripened), lecomes sweet. 2). With, a Conjunction of Cause, Keason, Manner, as, for, since, etc. Millies perfidiam veriti revertSrunt, The soldiers returned, because they feared perfidy. 8). With a Conjunction of Condition, if. Accusatus damnabitur, If he is accused, he will be condemned. . 4). With a Conjunction of Concession, though, although. Urbem acerrime defensam cepit, He took the city, though it was valiantly defended, or though valiantly defended. 4. B y a Verbal Noun : Ad Romam condltam, to the founding of Rome, lit. to Rome founded. Ab urbe condita, from the founding of the city. Post reges exactos, after the expulsion of the kings. 5. By a Verb : Rex ei benigne recepto filiam dedit, The "king received him "kindly and gave him his daughter, lit. gave his daughter to him kindly received. XXI. Participles with non or nihil are sometimes best rendered by Participial nouns dependent upon without : NOD ridens, without laughing. XXII. Future Participles are sometimes best rendered by Infini- tives, or by Participial Nouns with/br the purpose of: Rediit belli casum tentaturus, He returned to try (about to try) the for- tune of war. XXIII. The Ablative Absolute is sometimes best rendered (1) by a Clause with, when, while, after, for, since, if, though, etc., (2) by a Noun with a Preposition, in, during, after, ~by, from, through, etc., or (3) by on. Active Participle with its Object : Servio regnante, while Servius reigned, or in the reign of Servius (lit. Servius reigning). Duce Fabio, under the command of Fdbius (lit. Fabius being commander). Sometimes, as in the last example, a word denoting the doer of an action can be best rendered by the word which denotes the thing done. Thus, instead of com- wander, consul, king, we have command, consulship, reign. 106 LATIN KEADEE. Subjunctive. XXIV. This may be rendered as follows : 1. With the Potential signs, may, can, might, could, icould t should (485) : Forsitan quaeratis, Perhaps you may inquire. Hoc nemo dixSrit, No on* would say this. 2. By the English Indicative. This is generally the best ren- dering 1) In clauses denoting Cause, or Time and Cause (5 IT, 521) : Quum vita metus plena sit, since life is full of fear. Quum Romam renisset, when he had come to Rome. 2) In Indirect Questions (525) : Quaeritur, cur dissentiant, It is aslced why they disagree. 3) In the Subjunctive by Attraction (527) : Vereor, ne, dum minuere velim laborem, augeam, I fear I shall inwease the labor, while I wish to diminish it. 4) In the Subordinate Clauses of Indirect Discourse (531) : Hippias gloriatus est, annulum quern habSret se sua manu confecisse, Hippias boosted that he had made with his own hand the ring which he wore (had). 5) In Relative Clauses defining indefinite antecedents, and sometimes in clauses denoting result (501, 494, 495) : Sunt qui putent, there are some icho think. Ita vixit ut Athenienslbus esset carissimus, He so lived, that he was very dear to the Athenians. 6) Sometimes in Conditional and Concessive clauses, and in clauses with Quin and Quominm (510, 515, 498, 499) : Dum metuant, if only (provided) they fear. Si voluisset, dimicasset, If he had wished, he would have fought. Ut desint vires, tamen est laudanda voluntas, Though the strength fails, still the will should be approved. Adesi nemo, quin videat, There is no one present who does not see. 3. By the Infinitive. This is often the best rendering 1) In Relative Clauses denoting Result : hence after dignas, in- dignus, idoneus, aptus, etc. (501): Non is sum qui his utar, I am not such a one as to use (he who may use) these things. Fabulae dignae sunt, quae legantur, The fables are worthy to be read (which, or that they, should be read). SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNER. 107 2) Sometimes ill Relative Clauses denoting Purpose, and other clauses denoting Result (500, 494) : Decemviri creati sunt qui leges scriberent, Decemvirs were appointed to prepare tJie laws (who should prepare). Infinitive. XXV. The Infinitive has a much more extensive use in Latin than in English. The following points require notice (539 if.). 1. The Infinitive with a Subject is rendered hy a Finite verb with that : Dixit se regem vidisse, lie said that lie had seen the king. 2. The Historical Infinitive (545, 1) is rendered hy the Imperfect Indicative : Iram pater dissimulSre, The father concealed his anger. 3. The Infinitive 'is sometimes best rendered hy a Participial noun with of, with, etc. InsimuMur mysteria violasse, lie is accused of having violated the mys- teries. Miscellaneous Idioms. XXVI. The following Miscellaneous Idioms are added : 1. Certior em facer e should he rendered, to inform, and certior fieri, to ~be informed : Caesar certior factus est, Caesar was informed. 2. Inter se, lit. between themselves, is often best rendered, from each other, to each other, together. Omnes inter se differunt, They all differ from each other. 3. Ne quidem, with one or more words between the parts, should be rendered, not even ; or even not : Ne nomen quidem, not even the name. 4. "When two or more verbs stand together in the same com- pound tense, the copula (sum) is generally expressed only with the last, but in rendering, the copula should be expressed only with the first : Captus et in vinciila conjectus est, He was taken and thrown into chains. 5. Quanta tanto, lit. "by as much as "by so much, is often best rendered before comparatives, the the : 108 LATIN EEADEB. Quanto diutius eonsidcro, tanto res videtur obscurior, tlie longer (by as much as the longer) / consider the subject, the more obscure (by so much tho more obscure) does it appear. 6. A Clause with quominus, by which, or that, the less, may generally be rendered by a Clause with that, by the Infinitive, or by a Participial noun wiihfrom. Per eum stetit quominus dimicaretur, It was owing to Mm (stood through him) that the engagement was not made. Non recusavit quominus poenam subiret, He did not refuse to &tbmit to punishment. Begem impediit quomi- nus pugnaret, He prevented the Icing from fighting. NOTES. GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES. For Explanation of References, see page ix. I'AGl I. Ala. As the Latin has no article, a noun may, according to the 1 connection in which it is used, be translated (1) without the article; as, ala, wing; (2) with the indefinite article a, or an ; as, ala, a wing; (3) with the definite article the ; as, ala, the wing. 4, 23. Post Ronrali mortem. For the position of the preposition, 3 see 602, II. 3. 7. Servus bonus. In Lathi the adjective generally follows its noun, as in this example, though sometimes it precedes it, as in English. When emphatic the adjective is placed before its noun ; as, vera ami- cilia (7, 25). See Grammar, 598; 598, 2. II, 18. Leges . . . sunto, let iJie laics be, etc. The third person of 5 the Future Imperative is often best rendered by let, instead of shall. 13, 28. Omnium. This agrees with mititum. 19, 2. Consul. See note on " Consules" (169). 4. Yini dcus. 9 The ancient Romans recognized a great number of gods and goddesses. Almost every object in nature was under the special care of some one of these fabulous deities. Bacchus presided over the cultivation of the vine, and was the god of festivity. 6. Testis tcmporum, the witness of times, i. e. competent to testify in regard to them. Tempora, times, involves events. Habetur, is regarded. 9. Evaserat ; from evado. 20, 1. Expnlsns est 5 from expello. 2. Regis pater. Regis refers to Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome. 6. Didicit $ from disco. 7. Dictator. See note on " Cum lionjore dictator is" (178). Yoverat 5 from voveo. 8. Interfecernnt ; from interficio. 21, 5. Malornm. This depends upon mater. SO 22, 6. Perdidi ; from perdo. 23, 6. Fecit, lit, made ; render composed, or wrote. 8. Condidit ; from condo. 12. Yixeruat; from vivo. 16. Lnxernnt; from 110 LATIN KEADEK. PAGE 11 lugeo. 20. Sum praetemctns 5 from praekrvSho.-- 21. ansic- rnnt ; from transeo. See 295, 3. 24, 5. Nntricem . . . Sicilian!* The ancient Romans annually re- ceived large supplies of grain from Sicily. Hence the epithets here applied to it. 25, 3. Belli ; construe with artem, the art of war. 9. Edoctns fnerat; from edoceo. 10. Petiernnt; from pcto: See 234, 276, III. .12 13. Ibcrnia tradaxit. This was at the beginning of the second Punic war, 218 B. C. The Ebro was the boundary between the Ro- man and the Carthaginian possessions in Spain. Traduxit$ from traduco. 14. Transdncti snnt ; from transduco. 26, 3. Bcstiolae. This refers to the insect known as the cphemeran. 4. Natns; from nascor. 6. Exstrnxcruut ; from exstruo. 7. Longos qnaterna cnbita, each four cubits long. Quaterna is a distributive. See 174, 2, 1). 27, 2. Kcdiit ; from redeo, 295, 3. 3. Concept 5 from concedo. 4. Nnmerum, quantity. The word generally means number. Misit ; from mitto. 8. 11)0 ; from eo, 295. 13 28, 3. Snffusa ; Participle from suffundo, agreeing with Venus. 4. Ictus; from ico. Cecidit ; from cado. 5. Inccnsus est$ from incendo. 29, 3. Videtj sees if. The object is the pronoun understood, refer- ring to conjurationem. 30, 9. Non dat, does not allow ; lit. give. 10. Omnes* This agrees with nos implied in damus. 14 31,6. Persuasit; from persuadto. 8. Pcpcrccrnnt; from parco. 32, 1. AiTait ; from adsum. For the assimilation of d before/, see 338, 1, ad. 2. A^unxit; from adjungo. 3. gingnlornm, of in- dividuals ; it depends upon salati. 5. Tcrrorem injccitj he struck terror into, i. e. inspired with terror; lit. tlircw terror into. Injccit; from injicio. 6. Pngnac .... Saliminem. This was the famous victory gained, 480 B. C., by the Greeks over the Persians. 15 35, 2. Hie, here. Mihi, to my surprise. 36, 10. Delegernnt 5 from deligo. 37, 2. Tuae litterae, your letter. This is the common meaning of the plural of this word. 5. Notus 5 Participle from wosco, used ad- jectively, 575. 38, 1. Esto, let there be. 115 39,4. Erat, it was. 1. 2. Snstiimeruat ; from sustineo. 4. Ventorum pater. Aeolus is meant : he was the god of the winds, and ruled them at pleasure. 5. Singnlornm facilitates, the resources of individuals. See 441, 1. IV. 1. Tarqninins. Tarquinius Superbus, 17 the last king of Rome, is meant. 3. Dedenmt; from do. V. 2. NOTES. Ill PAGE here expresses, means. Vox volaptatis, the word IT 1 pleasure; lit. the word of pleasure. 5. ExllQlTuit; from exhorrcsco. 40, 3. Famae mendacia, the falsehoods of report, i. e. the falsehoods circulated by report. 8. Nescinm fiagit. Socrates, one of the most eminent philosophers of antiquity, had such a contempt for all pedantry and conceit of knowledge, that he claimed to know only one thing ; viz., that he knew nothing. 41, 1. Pocaa $ supply est, 460, 2. 3. Fnit 9 was, i.e. consisted of. 4. Eratsomni; supply maw in rendering. 6. Seuescentls 5 sup- I ply aetdtis from the preceding clause. 12. Ccferi 5 supply vcndunt. 42, 7. Suornm, his own, i. e. faults (vitwrum). 43, 9. Unjag; belongs to gloriae. 19 44, I. 1. Cato $ supply magnus habcbatur from preceding clause. II. 1. lies . . . constituit, managed the affairs, etc. He was gov- ernor of the Chersonesus. III. 7. Pisces; supply capiu-ntur. 2O IV". 3. Sacra, sacred rites. King Numa was the reputed founder of the early religious institutions of Rome. 45, 3. Yiginti talentis, twenty talents, more than $20,000, a high price for an oration, but the purchaser was a wealthy king, and the au- thor one of the most finished of the Attic orators. Yendidit 5 from vcndo. 46, 1. Anrnm; supply vilius est from the preceding clause. 10. Adversam ; supply fortunam. 11. Yirtntis, that of virtue. It de- 21 pends upon sitis understood. 47, 2. Major 5 lit. greater ; render older. 3. Caesaris 5 supply castris. 48, I. 5. Fafictns snm $ from fungor. III. 9. Ileetora ..... 22 Achilles* These were the two most eminent warriors in the Trojan war ; the former a Trojan, the latter a Greek. 49, 2. Gestasunt; from gero. 3. Yixit; from vivo. 5. Tra- jecit ; from trajicio. 6. Fabric! us, Aristides. They were both dis- tinguished for rare integrity and uprightness. The latter was surnamed the Just. With Fabricius supply fuit. 7. Mortaus est 5 from morior. 12. Timotheus 5 supply vixif. 50,7. Destiternnt ; from dcsisto. 11. Expulsusest; from ex- 23 pello. 13. BellO PersiCO, in the Persian ivar, i. e. the war with Per- f ia. Themistocles gained the celebrated victory of Salamis, 480 B. C. 51, 4. Quanocte Q&&em=eadem node, qua, on the same night in which. The antecedent node is incorporated into the relative clause according to 445, 9. Dianae .... tcmpincn. This temple of Diana at Ephesus in Ionia was celebrated for its beauty a*id magnificence. 9. Condita erat ; from comlo. 52,2 ConjunxU; fro.ir, eoifoii(&, 24 J12 LATIN READEK. PAGE 24 53, 1. Quidam, some, i. e. some persons. JVon re, not in reality. 5. Par ; agrees with Anew. 54, 1. Cognito; from cognosce. 4. Excepta; from excipio. G. Natus est$ from nascor. Cicerone .... eonsulibus ; XXIII. See also notes on " Comules " (169) and " Duillio " (185). 35 55, I. 1. Ad snmmam senectntem, till extreme old age. 5. Ykit ; from vinco. 6. Fnsae sunt; from f undo. 8. Erga parentes, pie- t&S=justitia erga parentes pietas dicitur. II. 4. Africanus; so called because of his great victory at Zama in Africa. 5. Ex Tiro, i. e. from the word vir, man. 6. Floruit; from jloresco, 281, I. 1. 8. De- dit; from do. III. 2. Diyisa est; from divido. 4. Progress! sunt ; from progredior. 5. Est, there is. Sub pallio sordido, under a soiled coat, i. e. in the poor man, among the poor. 20 56, 5. Al) onmi partc 5 l\t.from every part ; render, in all respects. 6. Condidit ; from condo. 9. Dives. This is a predicate adjec- tive: is born rich. 11. Dissimillima Batni a, very dissimilar (things) by nature. 57, 2. Ad quas res, in \i$=in Us rebus, ad quas, in those things for which. See note on " Qua node, eadem" (51, 4). 27 58, 2. Tua ; supply delectant. 3. Amicum, a friend, i. e. my friend; possessive omitted according to 447. 5. Consnmpsi; from consumo. 60, 1. Dens est, there is a God. Tcmpcrnm, of the seasons. Berum, of events. 2. Mala ; construe with carmma. 3. Hones- tatis; depends upon regula understood, 897, 1, (3). 4. Dominus; supply erat. 62, 1. Meorum, of my friends, lit. of my, or mine. 2. Agnovit; from agnosco. 3. Si quisquam; supply sapiens f nit. 5. Optimum qnidque, lit. every best thing ; render, all the best things, whatever is best, or the best thing ever, 458, 1. 6. Perdidit ; homperdo. 2 63, 3. Peperi; from pario, 280. 5. Delati SUttt; from defiro, 292, 2. 6. Exerdtnm, his army. Observe the omission of the pos- sessive, 447. 7. Exstinctnm est 5 from exstinguo, to put out, extin- guish, applicable to a light. The language is figurative ; the beautiful city of Corinth is represented as a light, lumen. 64, 3. Victoria ; supply venit. 65, 4. Consules ; supply bini creabantur from the next clause. Bin!, two by two, i. e. two each year, distributive, 174, 2. 29 66, 1. Perspexero; from perspicio. 67, 1. Ubi primnm, when first, i. e. as soon as. 2. Cuin Graeeis Latina, lit. Latin things with Greek things ; render, Latin studies with Greek studies. Conjimxi ; from conjungo. 4. Lycurgi leges* Lycurgus was the great Spartan law-giver. His laws contributed much NOTES. 113 PAGE to the prosperity and greatness of Sparta. 6. Aareoram annaloram. 20 The wearing of gold rings was one of the special privileges of senators and knights. Detraxerat ; from detraho. 68, 3. Nonnalli, not none, i. e. some, 585, 1. Casunc; casu with the interrogative enclitic ne appended. Sit effectas ; from efficio. 4. Qaacsivit; from quaere. Salvasnc . . . ciipeas* This was his question when mortally wounded at Mantinea. Ancient warriors took special pride in preserving their shields. 5. Esscnt fusij from fundo. 6. In caasis, in suits at law. 69, 3. Redires ; from redeo. 3 70, 7. Tanqaam parva, as small, i. e. unimportant. 71, 1. AMaxerunt 5 from abduco. Ciucmnatnm. Cincinnatus, who was thus summoned from the plough to the dictatorship in an hour of great national peril, acted with such remarkable promptness and energy, that in a few days he conquered the enemy, entered Rome in triumph, and was rewarded with a golden crown. He then quietly re- signed his dictatorship and returned to his farm. Dictator. See note on " Cum honore dictatoris " (178). 2. Patris, of his father, i. e. the Sun. The story is, that he asked his father, the sun, for the use of his chariot for a day, but that he found himself unable to manage the fiery steeds. 5. Decrerit; from decerno. lit consul . . . . ne . , . . caperett This was the usual formula by which a Roman citizen might be clothed with the power of dictator. 72, i. Ut . . . dfllganras ; XXIV. 2, 5). 4. Scnserit; from 31 tfiUia. 73, 2. Qnin .... abeam ; XXIV. 2, 6). 4. Qaeminas sit ; lit. by which, or that, the less God should be; render, that God should be, or God from being, XXVI. 6. 74, 1. Qai sastineret, lit. who shorM sustain ; render, to sustain, XXIV. 3. 4. Qaod . . . possit; XXIV. 2,5). 6. liiveati saat ; from invenio. 75, 1. Dass metaant ; XXIV. 2, 6). 77, 4. Nisi in lilteris, if not in letters, i. e. in literary pursuits, stu- 32 dies. 5. Kon . . . scnatirai. Senatus, senate, is derived from senex, and meant originally an assembly of old men. 78, 2. Constiterit ; from consisto. 4. Qni . . . attigissem, though 1 had commenced (touched) Greek studies (letters) ; XXIV. 2, 6). Attigissem ; from attingo, 80, 1. Qanai ... sit; XXIV. 2, 1). 2. ffeccsse est. The sub- ject is the clause, Deum .... majdra. Hence necesse is neuter, 33 438, 3 , 35, III. 2.- Beam .... habere ; XXV. 1. Haec Iiabere niiljora, lit. to have these greater, i. e. in a higher degree. 4. Sao toto . . nan Tidcrit* As the term of the consular office was a year, LATIN READER. FACE 83 this seems a very remarkable statement. But the trum \s, Caniniu? was appointed only to fill a vacancy of a few hours at the very end of the consular year. Hence the remark is only a playful one. 81, 1. Maloram, of evils; from malum. Quod .... eapiaa- tarj XXIV. 2, 1). The Subjunctive implies that the reason is assigned on Plato's authority. Pisces $ supply capiantur. 2. Latiae, in Latin. 3. Redierim ; from redeo, 295, 3. 82, 1. Dura .... coavenireat ; XXIV. 2, 1). Ad horaia no< nam, till the ninth hour, i. e. till 3 P. M. For the divisions of the Roman day, sec Til. 2. Qaievere $ from quiesco. 3. Voccm . . . excitant* The immense audiences before which the ancient trage- dians acted, rendered this precaution quite indispensible. 83, 1. Quantas .... liafceat $ XXIV. 2, 2). 2. Taatnm, only. 4. Qui . . . . Yideaat ; XXIV. 3, 2). Quas in partes, lit. into what par Is; render, in what direction. 6. Fans, one, viz. Demos- 34 thenes. 7. Est The subject is the clause, quails res . . . sit, 555. 84, 1. Ft ... seryem, that f should keep myself neutral, i. c., in respect to the civil wars. 2. Qnss cogaorit. XXIV. 2, 3). Cog- norit ; for cognoverit, 234, 2. 3. Jnssit ; from jubco, 269. Quac 5 refers to naves, as its antecedent. 5. Ft videar ; XXIV. 2, 5). Ymese 5 from vivo. 85, ]. Quad scireat; XXIV. 2, 4). 2. Bestislas. Reference ia here made to the insect known as the ephemeran. 3. Respeadit 5 from respondco. Sib! 5 saas. Here sibi refers to Caesar, the subject of the subordinate clause, while suas refers to Ariovistus, the subject cf the principal clause. See 449, II. Vicissent ; from vinco. 4. Si ... CSSCt .... fmsse. In the direct discourse, this would have the Imperfect Subjunctive in both clauses, the third form of the conditional sentence (510). For changes in the conclusion, see 533, 2, 2). I!Ic, he, i. e. Caesar. A se, from himself, i. e. Ariovistus. 5. Egit 5 35 from ago, treated, argued. KeMiaiscerctur. In the direct discourse, this would have been in the Imperative : hence the Subjunctive here according to 530, II. 86, 2. Patres ccnseriptij conscript fathers, often used in addressing the Roman senate. 5. Doroiiiint 5 supply pronoun referring to vir- tuies, they. 6. Santo, let them be. 8. Dlilitiae sommnni JHS, the supreme control of military affairs. Pareato ; supply pronoun, referring to consulcs. 9. Te 5 subject of esse. 10. Onam prisiHE), cts soon as possible, 444, 3. SG 87, 4. Positaza esse ; from^oM-o. b. Tradituni est ; from trado. 7. Cnpidam ; Ace. Masc. Sing, agreeing with atiqucm, any one, the omitted subject of esse. 9. Snis refeus *, with one's own things. Suis refers tc the omitted subject of cssc. Snat ; agrees by attraction with NOTES. 115 PAGE Pred. Norn, divitiae, instead of tbc subject clause, 462. 11. Lycnrgi SO temporibus. This was in the ninth century B. C. 14. Inventas essc ; from invenio. 16. Aciare; supply est 17. Minima 5 the smallest, i. e. the smallest evils (mala). 8, 4. Graecc loqni, to speak in Greek. Latlne 5 supply loqul. G. Didicerunt; from disco. 13. Esse 5 supply bonus. 89, 3. Yidere .... capcret. This was the duty, or business, nc- 37 gotium, assigned to Postumius. The language is the usual form of de- cree by which the Dictator was clothed with extraordinary power, in order to save the state. See note on " Cum honore diclatoris " (178). Postumius was Dictator. 4. Ssispsissc $ from sumo. 6. Tcne } the pronoun te with the enclitic ne. Tene hoc dkere, that you should say this, or is it possible that you say this ? 7. AdCGRC ; adco and ne. 90, 3. Inter nos ; lit. between ourselves ; render, with each other. 4. Accedit quod 5 lit. it is added that, \. e. there is the additional fact that. 91, 1. Tu 5 subject of rcsponsurus sis. 2. PervcaisseEtnc 5 per- vcnissent and ne. 3. Kiel $ subject of csse understood. 5. Inter- fnissst ; from intcrsum. 92, 3. Dlscendi ; supply facultatem, 397, 1, (3). 4. indiendi ; supply occasio. 7. Platonis audiendi, of hearing Plato ; lit. of Plato 39 to be heard. Platonis depends upon studiosus, while the gerundive au- dicndi agrees with it, 562. 9. Quid andieriR], what I have heard. 93,3. Sacerdotil)n crcandis ; lit. to priests to be appointed ; render, to the appointment of priests, 580. Adjecil} from adjicio. G. NonHnIllj some, 585, 1. 94, 1. Ad inteHigendnm 5 lit. to understanding ; render, to under- stand. Est natas 5 from nascor, lit. has been born ; render, is born, 471, 3. 4. Ad cognoscendas .... leges; lit. to the laws to be learned ; render, to learn, or study the laws, etc. Lycnrgl leges. The laws of Lycurgus, the great law-giver of Sparta, were very famous in antiquity. 6. Catilina .... coiyurayit. This iniquitous con- spiracy was formed during the consulship of the orator Cicero, 63 B. C., by whom it was fortunately discovered and defeated. 95, 1. Nillil agendo, by doing nothing. 96, 2. Concessit $ from concede. 3. Defcnsum ; from defendo. 39 5. Fades ; the object is id, the omitted antecedent of quod. 6. CGgnitu; from cognosco. Oratio ; supply jucunda cst from the pre- ceding clause. 97, 2. Bippias. He had once been tyrant of Athens, but having been driven from the throne, he repaired to the Persian couit and espoused the Persian cause, Cecidit; from cado. S. Pin sit ; from/>;V?<7o. Templo .... Dianac. See note on the same, (51, 4). 116 LATIN READER. PAGE 39 5. Terra matata 5 lit. earth, or land, having been cluinged ; rcn* der, change of country, 580. 6. Expnlsas ; from cxpello. 7. Factns ; from facio, Pass. /o. Snbcgit; from subigo. 8. Yinc- ta; from vincio. 9. Reg i bus exact Js ; lit the kings having been expelled ; render, wlien, or after, the kings were expelled, 431, 2, (1). This refers to the overthrow of the regal form of government at Rome by the banishment of Tarquin, 510 B. C. See below (167, 168). 40 12. Empta; from emo. 13. Dilapsisnnt; from dilabor. 98, 3. Secmida 5 prosperous things, i. e. prosperity. 99, 2. In bonis rebus ; lit. in good things ; render, among good things, i. e. as blessings. 4. Eripi, snrripi. Eripio means to 'MY away forcibly ; surripio, to take away stealtltily. FABLES. 41 100. Practcrcunti ; Dative Sing. Part, of practereo, 296, 3. In- quit; the object is the clause, or sentence, "Non .... maledixit," 357, I. 101. Orto ; from orior. Quantum boni ? lit. how much of a good thing ; render, how much good, 896, 2, 3). Both adjectives are here used substantively, 441, 2. 412 102. Coepit, she (the woman) began. fllam, that she, i. e. the hen. Minores; supply divitias. Perdidit; fromperdo. 103. Depreheasus ; from deprehendo. Melicrtule; \\t. by Hercu- les ; render, indeed, 589, 590. 104. SnbsilHt 5 from subsilio. Si .... posset ; if perchance sJie might be able, i. e. to ascertain whether she might, a dependent question, 525, 1. Acerbac sunt; they are sour, agreeing with uvae understood. Repertas; from reperio. Qnac; depends upon assequi. Qaae despcrcnt; XXIV. 2, 5). 105. Inhaeserat ; from inhaereo. Qni extraliat ; lit. who may remove it ; render, that he may remove it, or to remove it, XXIV. 3, 2). Hoc, this, i. e. the removal of the bone. Qnnm .... postnlarci ; 43 XXIV. 2, 1). Videtur ; the subject is the clause, quod extra*- isti. Extraxisti ; from cxtraho. 108. Propter hoc ipsnm, on account of this very thing, or for this very reason. Quran, though. Eos$ supply esse puniendos. 107. Qumn sentiret; XXIV. 2, 1). lit fieri solet, as is v:ont to happen. Solct is used impersonally. Qnibus allatis, which NOTES. 117 PAGE having been brought, i. e. when these were brought, 431, 2. Qnibus ; 43 see 453. Allatis ; from affero, 292, 2. Quod ; which, or this, i. c. the breaking of the bundle of rods ; it refers to the clause, .... fran- gerent. IinbedHiS ; supply res csset from the preceding clause. 108. Qaomodo, how, i. e. to determine how. Propositis \ from propuno. Posse ', depends upon a verb of saying understood ; for 44 thus, they said, they would be able, etc., 530, 1. Nemo repcrtns Ct, no one was found, i. e. who would do it. Repertns CSt ; from reperio. 109. Fans 5 supply residlbat. Orta 5 from orior. Qnnm .... desperarent, while all despaired, etc., 518, II. Intcrrogat. The two objects are yubernalorem, and the clause, utram .... existimarct, 374, 4. Snbmergmn iri 5 Fut. Pass. Infin. of submergo, would be submerged, would go down. Proram. The full form would be : Proram prius submersum iri existimo. IIIc ; supply dizit, 367, 3. Qirain .... Sim ; XXIV. 2, 1). Adspcctnrns sim ; from adspicio. 110. Ilia, she, i. e. the tortoise. Sc YOlncrem faccrc, to make her winged, i. e. to teach her to fly. Arreptam ; from arripio, agrees with illam: the eagle carried her, seized in his talons=se\zed her in his talons and carried her; XX. 5; 579. Sustniii; from tollo. la sublime, on high. 111. Jnnxcrant; fromjungo. Ovis ; supply ct before this word. 45 Prima; supply pars. Qnartam ; supply par tern, the object of arro- gare. Hafeitamai 5 supply esse, 545, 3. ANECDOTES. 112. Scicbam .... mortalem; object of dizisse, 357, I. Gen- 5 from gigno. Mcrtalem ; agrees with cum understood. 113. Quod, that which. The full form would be, Dens csl id quod, etc. 1 14. Se ipsam nosse ; supply difficile est. Nosse ; for novisse. 115. Spes; supply communis est, etc. Qui; supply habent. 116. Deas ; supply est, etc. 117. In pompa* In the sacred processions, so common at the reli- 40 gious festivals at Athens, the consecrated vessels of gold and silver were often displayed. 118. Scire .... nihil.. Sec note on " Ne&tium finglt" (40, 8). 119. Scipio AMeanus. This is the celebrated Roman general who conquered Hannibal at Zama. See below (196) and note on " Africa- tms ' (196). Anteqaam .... preeatns csset ; XXIV. 2, 1). 113 LATI>T READER. I'AGE 40 120. Gentis Corneliac. This was the gem to which Scipio belonged Jnssit ; from j ubco. Res gestas, lit. things done, i. e. deeds, achievements. Gestas, participle from gero. 121. Pins cssCj that it, i. e. the talent, was more. Quod, that which ; supply id. 122. Sc . . . . habcrCj that he had thirty years, \. c. was thirty years old. 123. Qaac conareatEr; XXIY. 2, 4). Qmacsivcruat 5 from quacro. 47 124. Scripslssct $ from scribo. Cape $ supply ca, them, i. o. arms (arma). 125. Quasi .... clixisset ; XXIV. 2, 1). Kos 5 supply sumus. 126. Prac .... moititndinc, because of (he multitude. 127. Est propositnm $ from prop&io. 128. Solon 5 the great law-giver of Athens. Crar .... CGDStitnis- set$ XXIV. 2, 2). 129. SapicntCEi 5 this agrees with rem, and stultam, with rcm un- derstood.- Sapiens ; supply es. 130. Quos 5 those which ; supply cos. 43 131. Ipsi ; refers to Cornelia, TTras.it; from IraJio ; detained, Donee redirent ; XXIV. 2, 1). Haec, these, I e. the chil- dren. It is attracted from hi to haec, to agree with the Fred. Noun, ornamenta, 445, 4. 132. Fenmt, they report, say. For the omission of the subject, see 460, 2. Oblivioiils 5 supply artem. Qaae 9 those things ivhich ; supply ea. 133. Bono viro pauper!, lit. to a good poor man ; render, to a good man who was poor, 442. Minns probato diviti 5 to one less upright, who was rich. Filiam 5 a daughter, not his daughter. Yirnnu Vir means man in the noblest sense of the word, the true man. Qnae ; supply egeat. 134. Achilles, HOEiems. The former is the hero of the Iliad, the latter, its author. Olymp!eo certatais^ the Olympic contest. The Olympic Games were celebrated once in four years at Olympia in Elis, and were the most famous games in Greece. To be crowned victor at these games was a coveted honor, while the herald had but an humble office. 135. Profectns; from profidscor. Qimm Yideret 5 XXIV. 2, 1). Egrederetnr $ from cgrcdior. &3 136. TyraaE0mm dommatione* This Defers to the oppressive rule of the Thirty Tyrants appointed over Athens by the Spartans. See below (228). The city was liberated from them by the heroism of Thrasybulus. Qnantas gratias, tottte&=ianl that the oars belonging to the highest ordo, or bank, were much longer than those belonging to the lowest. War-vessels generally had three banks, and were accordingly called triremes (tres, remi), but it was no uncommon thing to see vessels with four or five banks, and some are said to have had thirty or forty. Ante CHlTum, before the chariot, Tfc i. e. of the conqueror. In the triumphal procession, the captives and spoils preceded the chariot of the victor, while the victorious army followed it. 199. Susecpima cst $ from suscipio. Ibi, there, i. e. in Africa. Per Sdpienem. What is the common construction for the Agent of passive verbs ? 414, 5. Tribnaus, tribune, an officer in the army commanding a part of a legion. The number of tribunes to each legion was at first three or four, afterward six. Xepotem, grandson, but only by adoption. He was the son of Aemilius Paulus, the celebrated general, who conquered Macedonia. See above (198). 200. Qimm , . . cssct . . . noBien, when now the name of Scipio was (or, had become) great; XXIV. 2, 1). Missus; supply est. Acerrime defcnsam, lit. most valiantly defended ; render, though (it was) most valiantly defended. Facta 5 supply cst. Plurima, very many 128 LATIN HEADER. PAGE 71 things, referring especially to the works of art, statues and votive offerings, which the Carthaginians had taken from the temples of the conquered cities in Sicily. 72 201. Exortam est; from exorior. Clvitate. Logically this is in apposition with Numantia implied in Numantinis.' Victas \ sup- ply est. Pacem infamem. The terms were that Numantia should remain free and independent. Tradi 5 depends upon jussit in the line above. Militeni 5 lit. soldier, the individual representing the class ; render, soldiery. Correxit ; from corrigo. Partim par- tim 5 lit. partly partly ; render, either or. These words may, how- ever, be often best rendered by some otlicrs, followed by of. Thus, he captured some of the many cities of Spain and accepted others, etc. In deditionem accepit. See note on the same (193). 202. Anno urbis COUditae . . . sexto, in tlie six hundred and sixty- sixth year from, or after (IhVq/) the' founding of the city. Urbis con- ditae is here equivalent to post urbem conditam (185), or ab urbe con- dita (207). IlORiac. What case would have been used, if this had been a noun of the third declension? 421, II. Mithridaticum 5 sup- ply helium. Marias, Sallae* These generals were the leaders of rival political parties. Marius was supported by the common people and Sulla by the nobles. Adycrsas Mithridatenu This limits bel- lum, 398, 4. Qimni . . . decrstnia esset; the meaning is : when the management of tJie ivar had been entrusted to him by a decree of the Senate. The Subjunctive is here rendered according to XXIV. 2, 1). Decretam essct; from decerno. Ei 9 i. e. Sdlae. Qaaia tam. Usual meaning, not only but also ; both and, etc. ; render here cither or. Compositis; from compono. Profcctas est; from proficis- ?3 cor. -Asia, qaam invaserat. Not all Asia, but that portion of it which he had invaded, referring especially to those portions of Asia Minor west of his own dominions. 203. In Graeda et Asia* Mithridates, emboldened by his success in Asia Minor, had sent an army into Greece. Athens and Thebes were at this time in his possession. Fagatns facrat. Marius had been for sometime hi concealment. Fnns ex, one of; lit. one from. Ingress! ; from ingredior. DInltos prcseripserunt, proscribed many. In the civil wars, Sulla caused lists of the names of those per- sons whom he wished to have killed to be exposed to public inspection. Those whose names were on these lists were outlawed or proscribed, and any one might slay them and claim a reward ; their property was confiscated, and their descendants were excluded from all offices of honor and trust. See Smith's Diet, of G. and R. Antiquities ; also Schmitz's Hist, of Rome. Computer a ni *, from compdlo. San- gaine. Gender? Civiam. Genitive plural, how formed? 89, 3, 1). NOTES. 1 29 PAGE De, lit. concerning ; render in this instance, over. Italicnm, 73 civile 5 supply bellum. Sociale dictum est ; this is the predicate of the relative clause. Tiros consularcs, men who had been consuls, i. e. men of consular rank or dignity =ex~consuls. The consuls, it will be remembered, were two in number, were elected for one year, and had all the powers of king. See note on " Consules " (169). Praetorios, those who had been praetors. When the office of praetor was first insti- tuted, only one was appointed, who was to act as a kind of third consul with the leading part in the administration of justice ; about a century later a second was added, called praetor peregrinus, to administer jus- tice among foreigners and strangers resident at Rome. The number of praetors was increased from time to time, until at the beginning of the civil wars of Sulla and Marius, it was six ; and in the dictatorship of Sulla it was raised to eight. See Smith's Diet, of G. and 7?. Antiqui- ties, and Schmiiz's Hist. Rome. AcdilitiOS, those who had been aedilcs. The aediles (from acdes) were Roman magistrates who had charge of the public buildings, highways, etc., and acted as city police. They were at first two in number, afterwards more. See Smith's Diet. Senatores. The Roman senate (from senex) was regarded as a body of elders or fathers (patres). The number was at first 100 (see 158), then 200 (see 163), and finally 300, which continued to be the number until the time of the civil wars between Sulla and Marius. The number was then increased to 500 or 600 by the election of a large body of Roman knights. See Smith's Diet. 204. Cemmotmn est ; from commoveo. Gladiatores. Gladiators were men who fought for the amusement of the Roman people. They consisted mostly of prisoners, slaves, and malefactors; they were trained in the skilful us J of weapons at schools established for the pur- pose (ludo gladiatorio). Capnae, at Capua. Hannibal ; subject /4 of movit understood. Contraxerant 5 from contraho : explain for- mation of the Perfect; 248, I. 1. Yicenmt 5 from vinco. Pro- COnsnle* The proconsul, as the name implies, was one who acted with the power of a consul. Those who had been consuls (viri consulares) were often allowed to assume the government of provinces, and to ex- ercise in these provinces all the powers of a consul ; they were then called proconsuls. Utaliae. Is this genitive objective, or subjective? 306, II. 205. Per ilia tesipcra. How could tcmpora be governed without the preposition ? 378. Per makes the idea of duration more promi- nent, throughout those times. Maria $ rule for ending of Nom. Plur. ? 88, II. 2. Id beHnm, this war, \. e. that against the pirates. De- crctnm est 5 from deccrno. For the meaning see note on " Quum .... dfcrllum esset" (202). Menses; give gender, 106, 2. Contra 130 LATIN READER. TAGE ^4 rcgcia. This limits bellum. Quo snscepto, lit. which having teen undertaken ; render, having undertaken this ; 431, 2, (3). Tantncij only. Coactus ; from cogo. Ilausit ; from haurio. Hiinc vitac Hues]. For the order of these words, see 598, 3, and for their position at the beginning of the sentence, see 594, I. 206. IHe SC eit What nouns are represented by these pronouns ? 75 Bcdidit ; from dcdo. Grand! pccunia, a large sum of money, according to Plutarch, 6,000 talents, more than $6,000,000. Selen- ciam Ubcrtatc donavit. What two constructions occur ? 384, 1. Qaia . . . tnlerat \ quod . . . reecpisget. These are both causal clauses. The first, with the Indicative, states the reason as &fact, while the se- cond, with the Subjunctive, implies that the reason was assigned by Pompey. 520. Occlsis 5 from occido. His gcstis, lit. by means of these things done, i. e. by these achievements, Abl. of Means, 414, 4. intiqnissimo toello. This war continued nearly thirty years. Ante trmmphantis currnia, lit. before the chariot of (him) triumphing ; render, before his chariot, as he triumphed, referring to the triumphal procession. Fiiii Mitliridatis. They were five in number. In- finitnin pcndng. According to Plutarch, this amounted to 20,000 talents, more than $20,000,000. Orbem tcrr arum, strictly the world, but sometimes used by the Romans with special reference to the Ro- man Empire. 207. Cicerone et Antonio consulibus, lit. Cicero and Antony (being) consuls : render, when Cicero and Antony were consuls, or, in the con- sulship of Cicero, etc. Bcpreliensi$ from deprchendo. Supply sunt from the next clause. 208. Qanm .... dccrcta CSSCt, when Gaul had been assigned to him by decree, i. e. as a military province ; XXIV, 2, 1). Yincendo pro- 76 ccssitj proceeded by conquering, i. e. advanced victoriously. Oceanum Britannitnm, British Ocean, i. e. the English Channel. Gmiicm Gal- liani qnae, etc. Not all Gaul, but that portion which is bounded as described. Kc nomen quidern, not even the name ; 602, III. 2. Cognitmn ; from cognosco. 209. Absens* It was unlawful for a general, while in command of an army, to offer himself as a candidate for the consulship, and indeed for any one to do so while absent from Rome. Caesar was both absent from Rome and in command of an army. Qncm qimm . . . dcfer- rcnt 9 contradictnin est ? etc., w?icn many would confer this, etc., opposi- tion (or, objection) was made. -Diniissis ; from dimitto. Transiit ; from transco. Bietatorem. See note on " Diciatoris " (178). 210. lade, thence, i. e. from Rome. Bispanias, Spain. The plural is often used, as the country was divided into two parts, viz. exterior, on this side of the Ebro, i. e. on the side toward Rome, and NOTES. 131 PAGH ulterior, beyond the Ebro. Nee .... snpcrarit This entire clause 76 is the object of dixit. 650. Nee, and not, 587, I. 2. Yiacere. This is the object of scire ; Caesar said that Pompey did not know (what ?) to conquer, or how to conquer. Ingeatibas .... commissis, with great forces engaged on both sides. Pagaatam est } the battle was 77 fought. Direpta sunt ; from diripio. 1 rege Aegypti. This king was the last of the Ptolemies and the brother of Cleopatra. Oceidit \ sleiv, though not with his own hands. He employed men to do it. deneri. Pompey had married Julia, the daughter of Caesar ; while sho lived, she was, of course, a strong bond of union between the two, but she had died six years before the battle of Pharsalia. 211. Qua de causa, for which cause. For the order of words, sec 602, II. 1. Pompeianaram .... reliqaias, the remnant of Pompey's party.. lasoleatias agerc. He allowed himself to be proclaimed con- sul for ten years, impcrator and dictator for life. This was a virtual overthrow of the Roman Republic. Coajaratani est 5 a conspiracy was formed. Sexaginta vel aniplias, sixty or more. Inter conja- ratcs ; lit. among the having conspired, i. e. among the conspirators. Brati dao ; viz. Marcus and Dccimus. Illius Brati* See above (169). Regibas cxpalsis, lit. the kings having been banished; ren- der, after the banishment of the kings. Qaam . . . YCUJSSCt 5 XXIV. 2, 1). Coafossns cst ; from confodio. 212. laterfecto ; from inter Jido. A C&esaris partitas stab&t, 70 favored the party of Caesar (stood by the party, etc.). Magister cqailam. See note on " Magistro eqiiitum" (178). Saseeptos Ct ; from suscipio. Oetavianas. He was the son of Octavius, but was adopted by Julius Caesar, with the name Octavianus Caesar. Patris sni, i. e. his father by adoption, Julius Caesar. Extorsit 5 from ex- torqueo. ^L T t . . . darctar. Tliis clause expresses both the direct object of cxtorsit and the purpose of the action : Caesar extorted (what ?) that the consulship should be given, and (for what purpose ?) in order that it might be given. See 492, 1. Yigiati aimorum. The age re- quired by law was forty-three. Jnnetus$ fromjungo. -Proserip- sit. See note on " Proscripslrunt " (203). Per hcs. By whom ? 213. Profecti. This is in the plural to agree with Octavianus ct Antonius. Secando 5 supply proelio. Infiaitam aoMlitatein, quae, lit. the infinite nobility, which; render, the countless nobles, who. Yictaia interfccerantj lit. they slew (them) being conquered ; render, they conquered and slew. See 579. Ilispaaias. See note on this word (210). Gallias* The plural is used because the Romans divided 79 the country into two parts, viz. Oallia ulterior or Transalpine, or Gaul beyond the Alps ; and Gallia citerior or Cisalpina, or Gaul on tills aiue of the Alps ; i. e. on the sid3 toward Romo. 132 LATIN BEADEB. PAGB 79 214. Kepndiata sorore. Antony had married Octavia, the sister of Octavianus. txorcui dnxit, married, lit. lead as wife. The language is explained by the fact that the bride was usually conducted to her new home by her husband and friends. See note on " Nitbere " (152). Qni locus. The relative here has only the force of an adjective. DesperatiS rebus, lit. things having been despaired of ; render, as his cause was desperate (or hopeless}. Intcremit ; from intcrimo. Ex CO indc tern pore, from tJm time, or from this time forth. Ind* need not be translated. Ante ; Adverb, before, or previously. GEECIAN IIISTOKY. 215. Pugnae .... faccrcat, did not give him an opportunity of coming to an engagement. XXIV. 2, 1). PontC Istri, the bridge over tlie Ister, i. e. the Danube ; lit. the bridge of the Istcr. Qnum rediisset \ XXIV. 2, 1) ; 518, II. Eiquc. M refers to the fleet. 2 1C. Praefecti regii, the royal commanders, i. e. Datis and Arta- phernes. Appnlsa; from appello. In Caiapnsa Marathoaa, into the plain of Marathon. For ending a, sec 93, 1. Ab Oppido,/Vom the city, i. c. from Athens. Circiter .... dceem. The distance by any suitable road was somewhat greater than this. Ea, this, i. e. this state ; supply civitas. Dcecni .... ecmpleta snnt, the number of ten thousand armed men was completed, or filled up. Thus there were 9000 Athenians and 1000 Plataeans. Sab mentis radicibns, at the base of the mountain. Commiserunt $ from ccmmilto. Sais, for his men, 441, 1. Tanto plus, so much more. 217. Qamn Darius decessisset, when Darius had died; XXIV. 2, 1). Deeessissct; from deccdo. In ipso appar&tn, in the midst of his very preparations, i. e. while actually engaged in preparing for a second invasion. Hajns classis, the feet of this one, i. e. Xerxes ; render his ficct. Kavium langarum, ships of war, called longae, be- cause they were built much longer than the ships of burden (onerariu- rum). jVavicia .... fait, was of . . . . s7iips, i. c. consisted of, etc. DC adventa. This is an attributive modifier of fama, the report of his approach. Pcti, to be aimed at. Misernnt DelphOS, they Lent to Delphi ; object omitted, sent messengers. The Delphic Oracle was the most famous in Greece. Do rekas snis, lit. concerning their things, \. e. for their safety. Id .... valeret, what this answer meant. Ut .... conferrect. Thi3 clauce 13 the predicate sifter r.s'.sr, NOTES. 133 PAGB as it states what tho design was. Enm ligncnm, for that that 2 wooden wall was meant, etc., i. e. that that was the wooden wall meant, etc. Triremes. See note on " Remorum ordines " (198). Majo- libns natn, old or aged men, elders. 218. Ilnjas consiiinm, the plan of this one, \. e. Themistocles. Deledi, picked men. Qui .... occuparent; XXIV. 3, 2. Ther- mopylae Thermopylae is a narrow pass between Locris and Thessaly, immortalized as the scene of one of the most remarkable instances of heroic daring and self-sacrifice recorded in history, that of Leonidas and his three hundred Spartans, here mentioned. Barbaros, Barbarians, 1. e. the Persians. The term was applied to all who were not Greeks. Non sustinaersmt. They were unable to resist the overwhelming force brought against them, but they performed prodigies of valor unsur- passed in the annals of war. Classis .... naviniii, the common fleet of Greece (i. e. the fleet of all Greece), consisting of, etc. An- gnstias* The narrow channel, Eurlpus, between Boeotia and Euboea, is here meant. Ancipiti perknlo, by a double danger, i. e. by being confined in the channel with one foe in front and another in the rear. Exadvcrsmn Atlieaas, over against Athens. Exadversum, like ad- vcrsum, admits the Accus., 433. 219. TliermopyHs ; see above (218). Astn, the city, i. e. Athens. 3 The woud is often thus applied. Sdqne, and this, i. e. the city of Athens. njus, of this, i. e. of the burning of the city. Tlieniis- toe!s unns restitit, Themistocles alone stood firm, objected. Univer- ses, all together, united. Idque .... affirmabat, lit. he affirmed to Eurybiades that this would be, etc., i. e. he assured him that this would be the result. Summae, dative depending upon praetrat. 386. Be scrvis suis, quern, etc., one of his servants, whom, etc. Suis ver- 1)JS, in his ivords, i. e. in his name, from him. Nnnthiret. This verb has ei as its indirect object, and all the rest of the sentence after verbis as its direct object. 550. Confectnrnm ; supply cum, refer- ring to the king. Qppressurnm 5 from opprimo. Hoc eo valelmt, the object of this ivas. Barbaras, barbarian, meaning Xerxes. Contra, on the contrary, on the other hand. Explicari, to be unfold- ed, i. e. to be brought into successful action. 220. Hie Ctsi .... gesserat, although he (Xerxes) had fought an unsuccessful battle; 516, III. lit .... posset licstes ; XXIV. 2, 5). Ab eodem, by the same one, i. e. Themistocles : eodem, it 4 must be observed, does not belong to gradu. Gradn, from his po- sition. Certiorem fecit 5 XXVI. 1. Id agi, lit. that it was doing ; render, was in contemplation. In Hellesponto, over the Hellespont. Reversns est ; from reverto, revertor, Dep. in certain forms. See 273, III. verto. Unius viri> of one man, i. e. Themistocles. 134: LATIN READER. PAGE 4 221. tyua&*-postqwun ; 427, 3. Intcrfeetus esl ? destroyed, cu\ in pieces. 222. Peridis. Pericles, a distinguished orator and statesman of Athens, directed the counsels of state for many years. The period in which he lived is famous in Grecian history as the " Age of Pericles" 5 Interjcctis ; from interjicio. Clara ; observe its position ; 594,1. Patrimooii COUteniptns, disregard of patrimony, referring to the fact that he gave his ancestral estates to the republic, as ex- plained below. Hostes 5 subject of reliqucrant. In saspieionem adducerent ; supply eum ; that they might bring him into suspicion of treachery. Navati .... dimkatum CSt, lit. it was fought, etc. ; render, a naval battle was fought. R T cn nisi } lit. not if not, or un- less ; render, not more than, or only. 223. Dceernitmj is decreed, or authorized. Eflnsae simt ; from cffundo. Ft . . . essent ; XXIV. 2, 5). Its, quibus ; i. e. to the Catinienses. Secnndo Martc pugnant, lit. they fight, Mars being pro- pitious ; render, they fight a successful battle, or successfully. Ab his, by these, i. e. the Lacedaemonians. Contractis ; from contraho. G 224. Triremes. See note on " RemGrum ordines" (198). In llGStium potestatem, into the power of the enemy. In is construed with potestatem. Observe separation, 602, II. 3. Sinml cum, at the same time with, or simply with. Sitae snat \ from sino. Qaani pluri- maSt Quam before a superlative is intensive, and is often be&t ren- dered by possible ; as, quam plurimas, the greatest possible number, as many as possible, or sometimes very many. Neqne minus inaitas, lit. nor less many and not less many=ajid as many more. 225. Darius* This was Darius the Second, and not the one spoken 7 of above (215). tit .... mittercnt ; XXIV. 2, 5). In Iceum, lit. into the place of ; render, to take the place of, to succeed. 226. lit numerus .... expleretur, that the number .... might be filled, i. e. to raise the required number of soldiers. Caacti simt; from cogo. Procliis adversoMarte pugaatis, lit. battles fought, Mars being adverse ; render, having lost battles, or having fought unsuccess- fully. Hcs .... indinata cst. The power of the Athenians was utterly overthrown by this defeat. The figure involved in the verb incllno, to incline, fall, is that of a building leaning and ready to fall. 227. Nciasa Atlicniensium, tlie Athenian name=the Athenian state or nation. Ncganmt .... passuros, lit. denied that they would permit ; render, said that they would not permit. Passurcs. What is the object ? 554, III. Daobus ocnlis, the two eyes , these were Athens and Sparta. Longi muri brachia* Reference is here made to the long walls which connected Athens with its ports. Trifrlnta NOTES. 135 PAGB fectores. These are known in history as " TJie Thirty Tyrante" 9' Dediti, devoted to, i. e. to the interests of. 228. Thrasybulus. See note on " Thrasybido " (136). Quod. 8 This relative, it will be observed, does not agree with its antecedent Phylen, but with the Predicate noun castellum ; 445, 4. Triginta de suis, lit. thirty from (of) his; render, thirty of his associates, or thirty associates. 229. Idem imperator, the same, i. e. Epaminondas, when commander, S63, 3. Boeotii, the Boeotians. They were the inhabitants of Boeo- tia, north of Attica, of which Thebes was the chief city. Ex hastili, from the spear. The iron point, separated from the shaft, had re- mained in the flesh. Extraxisset ; from extraho. Viclsse BOCO- tics, that the Boeotians (his own men) had conquered. 230. Leuctrieam pugnam, the battle of Leuctra. This battle des- 9 troyed the power of Sparta and made Thebes the leading state in Greece, but Thebes speedily lost the supremacy after the death of Epa- minondas. Athenienses, non ut olim. Formerly Athens had been eminent in war and had been for many years the leading state in Greece, but of late the sterner virtues had disappeared from the Athe- nian character, and the love of ease, luxury, and festivity had taken their places. Thus Athens, Sparta, and Thebes, each of which had been in turn the leading state in Greece, had now become weak and degenerate. This state of things enabled Macedonia to rise to power, as mentioned in the next sentence. Gbses .... Thebis. In the year 369 B. C., when the power of Thebes was supreme in Greece, Amyntas, king of Macedonia, had been obliged to send his son Philip as a hostage to that powerful capital. 231. Anraria ; supply metalla from the next clause. Argenti .... Thracia. There were also gold mines in Thrace near Philippi. 232. Din dissimulatum. He had long intended to make war upon 90 Athens, but had from policy concealed that intention. Quorum eausae .... junxeruat, to whose cause the Thebans had joined them- selves, \. e. with whom they had allied themselves. Quum, though ; 516, II. Assiduis bellis indnrata, hardened, or strengthened by con- tinual wars. Philip had a well-disciplined army of veterans, long ac- customed to severe and constant service. Adversis Yulneribus. See note on the same (181). Hie dies .... tmivit. The battle of Chaeronea reduced Greece to a Macedonian province. 2C3. Eujus Tietcriac .... laetitia, lit. jay of this victory ; ren- der, joy on account of this victory. Coronas, uttgncnta. The Greeks often made use of crowns, garlands, ointments, and perfumes on joyous and festive occasions. Quantum .... fait* lit. as. much as was in him ; render, as far as was in his, po:t&$r A .-. . --^-Ut .... Tictorcm 7 136 LATIN KEADEE. PAQB 9 .... sentiret, that no one would recognize the victor, i. e. the fact that he was such. Bcllo consniaptorum, of those slain in war, or battle. Comumptorum is used substantively ; 575. Ad formandaci .... Staiaift, lit. to form the state of present things ; the meaning is, to ad just or settle the posture of affairs. Auxilia, the quotas, \. e. the quotas which the several states were to furnish. Erat ; the subject is the clause, eum .... esse ; 549. Suis ; supply viribus. 01 234. Medins inter duos, in the middle between the two, or simply, between the two. Medius is explained by inter duos. Occnpatis an- gustiis. He had deliberately placed himself in a narrow passage with the determination to slay the king as he passed. Ab Altaic, by At- tal,m, one of Philip's generals. Adversariran ? his adversary, mean- ing Attalug. Non poterat; supply exiaere. All iniquo judiee, from the unjust judge, meaning Philip. 235. Deceptis hcstilras, lit. in the deceived enemy ; render, in decciv. ing the enemy. 580. Gandere, rejoiced, Historical Infinitive, of which several other examples occur in this paragraph. Hie ; sup- ply gaudere. Fnsis ; supply hostibus. Hie .... exercebat, the latter was wont to exercise his royal power upon, or against, his friends. Amari ; depends upon malle. Metui 5 supply malle. Soller- &5B tlae pater $ supply erat. lile .... abstinebat, he did not abstain from (i. e. from oppressing or annoying) even his allies. Ifcc=i2 non, is here rendered not even. Quibn art!!) as, by these arts, refer- ring to the enumeration just given of the characteristics of the father and son, Philip and Alexander. 236. Caedis conseios .... occidi jnssit. It was a common custom in antiquity thus to slay murderers and assassins upon the graves of their victims, to appease the shades, or spirits, of the dead. In the same way, in war, prisoners were often slain over the graves of fallen heroes. Si&i .... praefatus* There is no little ostentation in this statement. It was of course made for effect. Opes. Object of cogitabant understood; construed literally, the passage would read thus : they thought of nothing if not the riches, i. e. if they did not think of the riches, etc. ; render, they thought of nothing except the, etc. In Ilio, in Ilium, i. e. in the district, not in the city; hence the Abla- tive with in, not the Genitive, as in the names of towns. Tumnlcs heronm. In the vicinity of Troy, mounds are still pointed out as the burial places of heroes, who three thousand years since fell in the Trojan war. 237. Parcendum suis reftns. Alexander thus inspires his soldiers with courage and confidence. He speaks of the country as already 03 his and theirs. In exercitu .... duae. Observe that the copula- tive connectives are omitted between the several subjects. Veteran/is, NOTES. 137 PAGE veterans, used substantively, 441. Elcctos ; supply esse. In cam- 93 pis Adrastiae, in the plains of Adrastia, in the vicinity of the river Granicus, from which the battle took its name : battle of the Granicus. 238. Defunct! ; from defungor. Confess! ; from confodio. Ad hoc ipsam,/or this very purpose. GUI lies ante earn reges, lit. all 94 before him kings, i. e. all the kings before him, or before his time. 239. NifcL ex .... Aegyptiornm more. Alexander was careful not to give offence by disregarding the customs of the country. JoviS Ammonis oraenlnm. The oracle of Jupiter Ammon was one of the most celebrated in the world. Sedem consecratam deo. This was situated in a beautiful oasis of the Libyan desert. Parentcm Jovcm, parent or father Jupiter, i. e. 7m father Jupiter. Thus the priest, per- ceiving his ambitious vanity, flattered him with the title son of Ju- piter. Parentcm ejus, his parent, i. e. Jupiter. The priest still continues his flattery. An anctor .... colendi .... regein, lit. wJie- 05 ther he, i. e. Jupiter, would be to them the author of worshipping the king with divine honors, i. e. whether he would authorize them to wor- ship their king with divine honors. 240. Nobilem, famous. Quin .... esset oeeisns, that the king himself H 'as slain ; XXVI. 6. 241. Spe . . . . libertatis. Greece, it will be remembered, lost its independence by the battle of Chaeronea. See above (232). 242. Cm gloriac, this glory, i. e. that of conquest and empire. 90' 243. Eecedentcm 5 supply eum. Invitat, invites, i. e. invites him to drink with him. Ut posceret 5 XXIV. 2, 5). Inter bibendnta, while drinking. 244. Aeaeidarnni. Alexander was, by his mother, a lineal descend- ant of Aeacus, the grandfather of Achilles. Sine nllo .... argn- meiltO, without any mark of a more sad mind, i. e. without any indica- tion of unusual sadness. Digoissimnm. Adjective used substan- 97 tively; object of facere understood. Judicio, by a tacit decision, opposed to voce. 245. Qao ^die, quo, the day, on which. Here the relative must not be rendered according to 453. Altering alterins, the one the other. Belli IHyrid, that of tJie Illyrian war, L e. the victory gained in it. Certaiflinis Olympiad. See note on " Olympico certamme " (134). Pner, when a boy; 363, 3. Qnadrigas. Chariots and horses were often sent to the Olympic games to contend for the prizes. Aristotele magistro. Philip placed the youthful Alex- ander under the special instruction of Aristotle, the celebrated philo- sopher of Athens. Both teacher and pupil have left names famous in the annals of the world. Tantani .... Mudam fecit, he inspired his soldiers with such confidence. LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. for Explanation of References and Abbreviations, see page ix. A A. An abbreviation of A ulus. A, ab, abs, prep, with abl. From, by. Ab-daco, $re, duxi, ductum. To lead away, take away, remove. Ab-eo, Ire, Ivi, or ii, itum. To go away, depart, withdraw from. 295. Ab-hinc, adv. Henceforth, from this time, before, ago, since. Abjicio, ere,jeci, jectum, (ab, jacio). To throw away, throw, reject; prostrate, humble. Abripio, $re, ripui, reptum, (ab, ra- pio). To take away, carry off. Ab-rumpo, $re, rupi, ruptum. To break off or away, rend, sever. Absens, entis, part, (absum). Absent. Abstineo, ere, tinui, ientum, (abs, teneo). To keep or hold back, abstain from. Ab-sum, esse, fui. To be absent or away, to be distant from. 204, 288. Ab-sumo, $re, sumpsi, sumptum. To take from or away ; destroy, con- sume. Ab-undo, are, am, atum. To abound, abound in, superabound, have an abundance. Ab-utor, uti, usus sum, dep. To use up, consume, abuse. Ac, a shortened form of atquc. And. Ac si, as if. Acca, ae, f. Acca, a Roman name. Acca Laurentia, ae, f. Acca Lau- rentia, the wife of Faustulus, and nurse of Komulus and Kemus, (153). Accldo, ere, cessi, cessum, (ad, cedo). To approach, come to, accede to ; be added to. Accedit, impers., it is added, there is the additional fact that. Accendo, $re, cendi, censum, (ad, candeo). To set on fire, kindle ; to excite, inflame. Acceptus, a, um, part, (accipio). Ac- cepted; acceptable, pleasing. Accipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (ad, capio). To accept, receive. Accurro, re, curri, (cucnrri rare), cursum, (ad, curro). To run to, hasten to. Accuso, are, am, aium,, (ad, causa). To call to account, to accuse. Acer, acris, acre. Sharp ; powerful, valiant; diligent, intense, severe. 163, 1. Acerb us, a, um, (acer). Sour, un- ripe, morose, disagreeable, Achaia, ae, f. Achaia, an important 140 LATIN READER. [ACHILLES province in the northern part of the Peloponnesus. Achilles, is, m. Achilles, the most celebrated Grecian hero in the Trojan war, son of Peleus and Thetis, (134). Acies, li, f. The order of battle, battle array ; line of soldiers ; ar- my in battle array. Acquiesco, ere, quicvi, quittum (ad, quiesco). To become quiet, to re- pose ; to acquiesce in. Acrlter, acrius, acerrime, adv. (acer). Vehemently, valiantly. 305. Actium, ii, n. Actium, a promontory and town at the entrance of the Ambracian Gulf" on the western coast of Greece, celebrated for the victory of Augustus over Antony and Cleopatra, (214). Acuo, ere, m, utum. To sharpen, quicken; stimulate. Acutus, a, urn, part. (acuo). Sharp- ened, pointed, sharp, acute, intel- ligent, clear-sighted. Ad, prep, with ace. To, towards ; until ; at, near. Ad-do, ere, didi, ditum. To add, carry to, appoint to. Ad-daco, ere, duxi, dudum. To lead to, conduct, bring, induce. Ad-eo, adv. So, to such an extent. Ad-co, ire, Ivi or ii, \lurn. To go to, approach, visit; encounter. 295. Ad-huc, adv. Thus far, as yet, even yet; still. Adimo, ere, emi, emptum, (ad, emo). To take from, deprive of. Adipiscor, ci, adeptus sum, dep. (ad, apiscor). To obtain, get posses- sion of. Adjia'o, ere, jtcl, jectum, (ad, jacio). To throw or cast to or against, add to ; animum adjicere, to direct or give attention to. Ad-jungo, ere, junxi, junctum. To join to, unite with. Adjator, or is, m. (adjuvo). Aid, helper, assistant. Ad-juvo, are, juvi, jutum. To help, assist, support. Ad-ministro, are, avi, atum. To ad* minister, manage. Ad-mirabilis, e. Admirable, won- derful. Ad-miratio, em's, f. (admlror). Ad- miration, respect. Admiror, ari, aim sum, dep. (ad, miror). To admire, wonder at. Ad-mitto, ere, rnlsi, missum. To send to or forward, to admit, receive. Admodum, adv. (ad, modus). Very, exceedingly. Ad-moneo, ere, ui, itum. To admon- ish, warn. Admonitus, us, m. (admoneo). Warn- ing, advice ; instigation. Ad-moveo, ere, movi, motum. To move to, apply to, bring to. Adolescens, entis, adj. and subs., m. and f. (adolesco). Young, grow- ing ; a young man, a youth. Adolcscentia, ae, f. (adolescens). Youth. Ad olesco, ere, olevi, idtum. To grow, grow up, increase. Ad-opto, are, avi, atum. To choose, adopt; take for a son, daughter, etc. Ad-orior, Iri, ortus sum, dep. To at- tack, attempt, strive ; begin. 286, 2. Ad-orno, are, avi, atum. To adorn, furnish, equip. AKQUUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 141 Adrastia, ae, f. Adrastia, a district and city of Mysia, (237). Adspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (ad, specie). To see, look at, behold. Ad-sto, are, stiti, stdtum. To stand near, stand by. Ad-sum, esse, fid. To be present or at hand, assist, stand by. 204, 288. Adulatio, onis, f. Adulation, flat- tery. Advectus, a, um, part, (adveho). Brought, carried to. Ad-veho, Sre, vexi, vectum. To con- duct, convey, import. Ad-venio, ire, vcni, ventutn. To come to, arrive. Adventus, us, m. (advenio). Arrival, approach. Adversaries, a, wm.adj. (adversus). Opposite, opposing. Adversariu*, ii, m. subs, (adversus). Adversary, opponent, antagonist. Adversus, a, um, part, (adverto). Op- posite, over against, adverse, hos- tile ; fronting, in front. Adversus, or adversum, adv., and prep, with ace. (adverto). Against, towards, opposite to. Aeacides, ae, m. A patronymic de- noting a descendant of Aeacus, who was the grandfather of Achil- les. The name is often applied to Achilles; Alexander the Great also claimed it for himself, (244). Aedes, or aedis, is, f. Temple in the sing. ; but in the plur. dwelling, habitation, house.- 132. Aedifieo, dre,dvi, <3m,(aedes, facio). To build. dediliiius, or aedilicius, a, um, (aedes). Pertaining to the aediles. Aedilitius, i, m., one who has been aedile. The aediles were Roman^ magistrates who had charge of the public buildings, highways, &c., and acted as city police. Aeglna, ae, f. Aegina, an island near Attica, (55). Aegos flumen. Aegospotanios, a river and town in the Thracian Chersonesus, noted for the defeat of the Athenians by Lysander, (22G). Aegrotus, a, um. Sick, ill, diseased. Aegyptus, i, f. Egypt, (210). Aegyptius, a, um, Egyptian ; subs. Aegyptius, i, m., an Egyptian, (239). Aemilius, ii, m. The family name of several distinguished Romans. Lucius Aemilius, surnamed Paul- us, fell in the battle of Cannae, (191). Another of the same name conquered Perseus and reduced Macedonia to a Roman province, (198). Aemulus, a, um. Emulous ; often as. rival, com- ' petitor. Aeneas, ac, m. Aeneas, a Trojan prince who after the destruction of Troy is said to have fled into Italy and formed a settlement, (149). Aequalis, e. Equal, like. Aeque, aequius, aequissime, adv. (aequus). Equally, similarly. Aequiparo, are, avi, atum. To equal, make equal. Aeqmtas, atis, f. (aequus). Equality, equity, justice. Aequus, a, um. Equal, similar; just, fair ; favorable, propitious. 142 LATIN BEADBB. Aer, aeris, in. The air, atmo- - sphere. Aestlmo, tire, dvi, dtum. To value, estimate. Farm aestimdrc, to think little of, esteem lightly. Aestuo, art, dvi, atum. To be in agitation; to be warm, endure , heat. .Adas, dtis t f. Age, time of life, life. Affcro, ferre, attuli, alldtum, (ad, fero). To bring, carry to, report. Afficio, ere, fed, fectum (ad, facio). To affect, influence. ^ffiyo, ere, fixi, fixum, (ad, flgo). To affix, fasten to. Affirmo, are, dm, atum, (ad, firmo). To affirm, confirm, ratify. Afflictus, a, um, part, (affllgo). Af- flicted, troubled, prostrated. Affltgo, ere,flixi, fiictum, (ad, fllgo). To afflict, trouble, overthrow. Affluo, ere, fluxi, Jluxum, (ad, fluo). To flow toward ; overflow, abound in. Africa, ae, f. Africa, (200). Africdnus, a, um, (Africa). African. Also the surname given to the two most distinguished Scipios for their achievements in Africa du- ring the Punic wars, (196, 200). Ager, agri, m. Field, land, terri- tory. Agesildus, i, m. Agesilaus, a Spar- tan king, (96). Agger, Vris, m. Mound, rampart, wall. Aggredior, i, gressus sum, dep. (ad, gradior). To approach, attack, attempt. Agis, idis, m. Agis, king of the Lacedaemonians in the time of Alexander the Great, (241). Agitdtus, a, um, part, (agito). Agi- tated, troubled. Agito, are, dvi y atum. To harass, trouble, think of. Agmen, tnis, n. (ago). An army, generally on the march, band of soldiers, troop. Agnosco, ere, novi, rittum, (ad, (g)nosco). To recognize. Ago, ere, egi, actum. To conduct, drive, do, act, execute, treat, ar- gue; annum vicesimum agere, to be in his (or her) twentieth year. Agricola, ae, m. (ager, colo). Hus- bandman, farmer. Agricultura, ae, f. Agriculture. Agrigentum, i, n. Agrigentum, a large and wealthy town in Sicily. Agrippa, ae, m. A family name among the Romans. Menenius Agrippa induced the people who had revolted at Rome and taken up their quarters upon Mons Sacer to return into the city, (173). Aio, ais, ait, etc., defect. To say, affirm. 297, II. 1. Ala, ae,f. Wing. Aldcer, cris, ere. Active, prompt, joyful. Alba, ae, f. ; or Alba Longa, ae, f. A city of Latium founded by As- canius, (150). Albdnus, a, um.' Alban. Mons Al- bdnus, a rocky mountain sixteen miles southeast of Rome, (150). Albdnus, i, m. An Alban, a citizen of Alba, (151). Albus, a, um. White. Alcibiddes, is, m. Alcibiades, an Athenian general in the Pelopon- nesianwar, (223-225). Alexander, dri, m. Alexander. The AMPLUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. most distinguished of this name was the sou and successor of Philip, king of Macedonia, (235- 245). A second of the same name was king of Epirus and son-in-law of Philip, (234). Alexandria, ae, f. Alexandria, a celebrated city of Egypt, built by Alexander the Great ; (239). Algeo, ere, alsi. To be cold, to feel cold, endure cold. Alias. Otherwise, at another time ; non alias, on no other occasion. Alienus, a, urn, (alius). Belonging to another, foreign ; unfavorable. Aliquando. At some time, once, formerly, finally, now at last. Aliquantum, adv. Somewhat, in some degree. Aliquis, qua, quod, and quid, (alius, quis). Some one, some. Aliquot, indecl. pi. adj. Several, some. Allter, adv. (alius). Otherwise. Alius, a, ud, (gen. alms, etc.) Other, another ; alius alius, one an- other : alii alii, some others, (149). Allia, ae, f. The river Allia, a few miles north of Rome, (176). Alloquor, loqui, cutus sum, dep. (ad, loquor). To speak to, ad- dress. Alo, ere, alui, alitum or altum. To support, keep, nourish, strengthen, feed. Alpes, ium, f. The Alps, a high range of mountains north of Italy. Alte, ius, issime, adv. (altus). On high, high. Alter, era, erum, (gen. alterius). One of two, the other ; alter alter, the one the other ; alter as numeral 'second. 149, 149, 2. Altus, a, urn. High, noble, great ; deep, profound ; altum substan- tively, the sea, the deep. AmabUis, e, (amo). Lovely, amia- ble. Ambio, ire, Ivi or ii, Itum, (amb, or ambi, eo). To surround, encom- pass. 295, 3. Ambitio, onis, f. (ambio). Can- vassing, flattery, ambition. Ambo, ae, o. Both. 176, 2, 2. Amentia, ae, f. (am ens). Folly, want of reason. Amicitia, ae, f. (amicus). Friend- ship. Amlcus, i, m. Friend. Amicus, a, um. Friendly, kind. A-mitto, ere, rnisi, missurn. To send away, to lose. Ammon, or Hammon, onis, m. An appellation of Jupiter as worship- ped in Africa, (239). Amnis, is, m. River. Amo, are, dvi, alum. To love. Amor, oris, m. (amo). Love, affec- tion, desire ; a loved object, dar- ling. Amphiiheatrum, i, n. Amphithe- atre, in Rome a circular or oval building used for public specta- cles. Ample, ius, issime, adv. (amplus). Abundantly, amply. Amplio, are, avi, alum, (amplus). To enlarge. Amplius, adv. (comp. of amplc\ More, further. Amplus, a, um. Ample, spacious, large. 14A LATIN KEADEE. [AMULIUS Amuliu8 t ii, m. Amulius, son of Procas king of Alba ; he was the brother of Numitor, (152). An, interrog. particle. Or, whether. 346, II, 2. Anaxagoras, ae, m. Anaxagoras, a distinguished Greek philosopher of Clazomenae, (112). Anaxarchus, i, m. Anaxarchus, a philosopher of Abdera, who ac- companied Alexander into Asia. Anccps, ancipltis. Twofold, double. AnehlseS) ae, m. Anchises, the fa- ther of Aeneas. 43. Ancus, i, m. ; or Ancus Martins, ii, m. The fourth king of Rome, (161). Angor, oris, m. Anxiety, care, an- guish. Angwtia, ae, f. (angustus), used mostly in pi. Narrow pass, diffi- culty ; straits, channel. Augustus, a, urn. Narrow, confined, contracted, small. Ariima, ae, f. Breath, life. Animadverto, ere, verti, vcrsum (anf- mus, adverto). To notice, observe, perceive. Animal, alis, n. Animal. Animus, i, m. Mind, soul, courage. Anio, Anienis, m. The .Anio, a small river of Italy, a tributary of the Tiber, (173). Annedo, ere, nexui, nexum, (ad, nec- to). To tie to, annex, fasten to. Annulus, or anulus, ?", m. Ring. Annw, z, m. Year. AHIWUS, a, um, (annus). Lasting a year, for a year, annual. Ante, adv., and prep, with ace. Be- fore, in respect to place or time ; formerly. Anlea, adr. (ante, ea). Formerly, hitherto. Ante-pdno, ere, posui, posltum. To place before ; to prefer. Antc-guam, adv. Before, before that. Antigunus, i, m. Antigonus, king of Macedonia, (121). Antiochia, ae, f. Antioch, the chief city of Syria, founded by Scleucus, and named by him in honor of his father Antiochus, (206). Antidchus, i, m. 1. Antiochus the Great, king of Syria. 2. Antio- chus, the Academic philosopher and teacher of Cicero, (80). A?itipater, tri, m. Antipater, one of Alexander's generals ; after the death of Alexander he received the government of Greece and Macedonia, (241). Antlquus, a, um. Ancient, early. Antistes, itis, m. and f. President ; priest, priestess. Antonius, ii, m. Antony ; Marcus Antonius formed a triumvirate with Octavianus and Lepidus, (212). Caius Antonius was the colleague of Cicero in the consul- ship, (207). Anxietas, dtis, f. Anxiety, solicitude. Apelles, is, m. Apelles, a distin- guished Greek painter in the tima of Alexander the Great, (97). Aperte, ius, issime, adv. (apertus). Openly, publicly. Apertus, , um, part, (aperio). Open- ed ; open, free, clear, manifest. Apollo, mis, m. Apollo, the god of divination. Apparatus, us, m. Preparation, equipment. ARMENIA] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 145 Apparatus, a, urn, part, (appiiro). Prepared, ready, equipped. Appellatio, dnis, f. (appello). Name, title. Appello, arc, avi, atum, (ad, pello). To call, name. Appello, ere,ptdi,pulsum, (ad, pello). To drive to, bring to, induce. Appcto, ere, pellvi, petii, petlfum, (ad, peto). To long for, strive after; assail: appetens, entis, de- siring, desirous of. Appius, ii, m. Appius, a Roman name. Appius Claudius, ii, m., one of the Decemviri, (26). Approbo, are, avi, atum, (ad, probo). To approve, favor. Appropiuquo, are, avi, atum, (ad, propinquo). To approach, come near. Apius, a, urn. Fitted, adapted, suit- ed, proper. Apud, prep, with ace. At, near, among, at the house of, in the works of (applied to authors). Apulia, ae, f. Apulia, a province in southern Italy, (204). Aqua, ae, f. Water. , Aquila, ae, f. Eagle. Ara, ae, f. Altar. Arabs, abis. Arabian; subs, an Arabian, inhabitant of Arabia in Asia, (26). Aratrum, i, n. Plough. Arbela, drum, n. Arbela, a town in Assyria, famous for the victory of Alexander over Darius, (240). Arbitror, dri, dtus sum, dep. To think, judge, regard. Arcfo, arcere, arcui. To inclose, restrain, keep from. Ardea, ae, f. Ardea, a city of La- tium, a few miles south of Rome, (167). Ardeo, ere, arsi, arsum. To be on fire, burn. Ardesco, ere, arsi. To take fire, kindle. Aresco, ere, arid. To become dry, to dry. Arethusa, ae, f. Arcthusa, a cele- brated fountain in Sicily, near Syracuse. Argenleus, a, um, (argentum). Made of silver, of silver. Argentum, i, n. Silver. Argos, n. (only in nom. and ace.), or Aral, drum, m. pi. Argos, the ca- pital of the province of Argolis in the Peloponnesus ; the name was often applied to the province itself and poetically to all Greece, (96). Argumentum, i, n. Argument, sign, mark. Arimmum, i, n. Arimimim, a town in Umbria on the Adriatic, (209). Ariovistus, i, m. Ariovistus, king of a German tribe in the time of Caesar, (47). Aristldes, is,m. Aristides, an Athe- nian general and statesman, re- nowned for his integrity, (49). Aristobidus, i, m. A king of Judea, who was taken by Pompey and carried as prisoner to Rome, (206). Aristoteles, is, m. A distinguished philosopher, and the teacher of Alexander the Great, (85, 245). Arma, drum, n. pi. Arms, force of arms. Armatus, a, um, part. (anno). Armed. Armenia, ae, f. Armenia, a country of Asia, divided by the river Eu- phrates into two unequal parts. 146 LATIN" EEADEK. [ARMILLA viz. : the eastern, called Armenia Major, and the western, called Armenia Minor, (205). Armilla, ae, f. Bracelet. Armo, are, avi, dtum, (arnia). To arm. Arripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (ad, rapio). To seize upon, seize. Arrogans, antis, part, (arrogo). Proud, arrogant. Arrogantia, ae, f. (arrogans). Ar- rogance, pride. Arroyo, are, avi, aium, (ad, rogo). To claim, arrogate. Ars, artis, f. Art, skill. Artaphernes, is, m. Artaphernes, nephew of Darius, (215). Artemisium, ii, n. Artemisium, a promontory and town on the is- land of Euboea, (218). Artus, us, m. ; sing. rare. Joint, limb. Aruns, Aruntis, m. 1. Aruns, the brother of Tarquin the Proud, (39, iv.). 2. Aruns, the son of Tarquin, (170). Arx, arcis, f. Citadel. Ascanius, ii, m. Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, (150). Asia, ae, f. Asia, (16). Asina, ae, m. Asina, a surname of Cnaeus Cornelius, who was the colleague of Duillius in the con- sulship in the early part of the first Punic war, (185). Aspis, idis, f. Asp. Axporto, are, dm, atum, (abs, porto). To bear or carry away. Assequor, sequi, sccutus sum, dep. (ad, sequor). To overtake, ob- tain. Asseveratio, Gnis, f. Declaration, assertion. Assiduus, a, urn. Assiduous ; fre. quent ; continual, incessant, con, stant. Assigno, are, dm, dtum, (ad, signo). Assign, bestow. Aslo, for ad-sto. Astrum, i, n. Star, constellation. Astu, n, indec. City, generally ap- plied to Athens. Asylum, i, n. Asylum, place of refuge. At, conj. But, yet. Ater, tra, trum. Dark, black, gloomy. Athenae, arum, f. pi. Athens, the capital of Attica, (227). Atheniensis, e, jidj. (AthGnae). Athenian ; subs. Athenlensis, is, m., an Athenian, (216). Atilius, ii, m. Atilius, a Roman name. See Regains. Atque, conj. And, and also, and besides ; atque atque, both and. Attains, i, m. Attalus, one of Phi- lip's generals, (234). Attica, ae, f. An important state in Greece, (216). Atticus, a, um, (Attica). Attic, Athenian ; subs. Atticus, i, m. An inhabitant or citizen of At- tica, (36). Atticus, i, m. Atticus, a surname of the Roman, Titus Pomponius, (99). Attingo, ere, tigi, tactum, (ad, tan- go). To attain, touch, enter upon, undertake, commence. Attius, ii, m. Attius, a Roman name, (89). Attribuo, ere, tribui, tributum, (ad, tribuo). To attribute to, ascribe to, to bestow, to assign, or im' pute to. BEKEVOLEXTIA] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 147 Audor, oriSj m. (augeo). Author, founder, approver, adviser, au- thority. Auctoritas, dtis, f. (auctor). Author- ity, influence. Audacia, ae, f. (audax). Boldness, insolence, audacity. * Audax, audacis, (audeo). Bold, .- audacious, desperate. Audeo, ere, ausus sum. To dare, at- tempt. 272, 3. Audio, ire, Ivi or ii, itum. To hear, listen to. Aufugio, ere, fiigi, fugitum, (ab, fugio). To flee from ; run away from. 338, 1, ab. Augeo, ere, auxi, auctum. To en- large, increase. Augiiror, dri, dtus sum, dep. To augur, predict, foretell. Augustus, i, m. Augustus, surname of Octavius Caesar, the first of the Roman Emperors. This sur- name was also often applied to the Emperors generally, (213). Aulus, i, m. Aulus, a Roman prae- nomen. Aurarius, a, um, (aurum). Pertain- ing to gold ; auraria metatta, gold mines. Aureus, a, um, (aurum). Made of gold, golden. [driver. Auriga, ae, m. and f. Charioteer, Auris, is, f. Ear. Aurum, i, n. Gold. Aut, conj. Or; aut aut, either or, partly partly. Auiem, conj. But, moreover. Auxilium, ii, n. (augeo.) Aid ; plur. auxiliaries. Avaritia, ae, f. (avarus). Avarice. Avarus, a, um. Avaricious. Aventlnus, i, m. The Aventine, one of the seven hills of Rome, (154). Averto, ere, verti, versum, (ab, verto). To avert, turn from, remove. Avidus, a-, um. Desirous, eager. Avis, is, f. Bird. Avus, i, m. Grandfather. B. Babylonia, ae, f. Babylonia, a prov- ince of Syria: also Babylon, the capital of Babylonia, (243). Bacchantes, ium, pi. (bacchor). Vo- taries of Bacchus. Bacchor, ari, atus sum, dep. (Bac- chus). To celebrate the festival of Bacchus, to revel. Bacchans, antis, part, revelling. Bacchus, i, m. The god of wine, (19). Barba, ae, f. Beard. Barbdrus, a, um. Foreign, barbar- ous, rude. Barbarus^ i, m. Foreigner, bar- barian. Bedte, ius, issimc, adv. (beatus). Happily. Beatus, a, um. Happy. Belgae, drum. The Belgians, a war* like people in the north of Gaul, (25). Bellicosus, a, um, (bellum). "War- like. Bella, arc, avi, alum, (bellum). To carry on war. Bellum, i, n. War. Bern, melius, opfime, adv. WelL 305, 2. Beneficium, ii, n. (beneficus, from bene, facio). Benefit, favor, kind- ness. Benevolcntia, ae, f. (benevolens, 148 LATIN READER. [BENIGNB from benc, volo). Kindness, be- nevolence. Benigne, ius, isslme, adv. (benig- nus). Kindly. Benignus, a, urn. Kind, good, be- nignant. Bestia, ae, f. A beast. Bestiola, ae, f. (bestia). A small animal, insect. Bibo, ere, bibi, bibltum. To drink. Bibulus, i, m. Bibulus, a Roman name ; Lucius Bibulus was Cae- sar's colleague in the consulship, (208). Biduum, i, n. (biduus). A period of two days. Biduus, a, urn, (bis, dies). Con- tinuing two days. Biennium, ii, n. (bis, annus). A period of two years, two years. Biformis, e, (bis, forma). Having two forms, biformed. Bini, ae, a, distribute. Two by two, two and two. 174, 2. Bis, adv. Twice. Boeotius, ii, m. (Boeotia). A Boeo- tian, inhabitant of Boeotia in cen- tral Greece, (229). Boletus, i, m. Mushroom. Bonitas, atis, f. (bonus). Goodness, excellence. Bonum, i, n. (bonus). Blessing, prosperity, any good; pL bona, goods, property. Bonus, a, um ; melior, optlmus. Good, noble, brave. 165. Bos, Bovis, m. and f. Ox, cow. 72, 6 ; 90, 2. Brachium, ii, n. Arm, fore-arm. Brevis, e. Short, brief; brevi (tem- pore), in a short time, shortly. Britanriicus, a, um, (Britannia, Great Britain). British, English, (208). Britannus, i, m. (Britannia). A Briton, (208). Brutus, i, m. Brutus, a Roman name. Lucius Junius Brutus was one of the first consuls of Rome, (168). Marcus Junius Brutus and Decimus Junius Brutus acted prominent parts in the assassina- tion of Caesar, (211). Byzantium, ii, n. Byzantium, a city on the Bosphorus, now Con- stantinople. C. An abbreviation of Caius ; Cn. of Cnaeus. Cado, Zrc, cecldi, casum. To fall, fall hi battle, perish. Caecus, a, um. Blind. Caedes, is, f. (caedo). Slaughter, bloodshed. Caedo, ere, cecldi, caesum. To cut, kiU, slay. Caesar, aris, m. Caesar, a surname of the Julian family ; Caius Julius Caesar, a distinguished general and statesman. The title, or sur- name, Caesar, was also applied generally to denote the Roman emperors, (208). Caius, ii, m. Caius, a Roman name. See Caesar. Calamitas, dtis, f. Loss, calamity, disaster. Collide, ius, isslme, adv. (callidus). Shrewdly, skilfully. Camillus, i, m. Camillus, a distin- guished Roman general, (176). Campania, ae, f. Campania, a prov ince in Central Italy, (182). CASTOR] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 149 Campdnus, a, um, (Campania). Cam- panian, of Campania. Subs, a Cam- panian, (44, 131). Campus, i, m. A plain, field of battle. Candidus, a, urn. White, clear, bright, light. Caninius, ii, m. Caninius, a Ro- man consul, (80). Cannae, arum, f. plur. Cannae, a village in Apulia, famous for the great victory of Hannibal over the Romans, (191). Cannensis, e, adj. (Cannae). Belong- ing to Cannae, of Cannae, (194). Cano, ere, cecini, cantum. To sing, sound, crow. Canto, arc, avi, atum, (cano). To sing, play. Cantus, us, m. (cano). Singing, song, melody. CapaXj ads, (capio). Capacious, large, comprehensive, able. Capesso, ere, ivi, Hum, (capio). To take, seize; fugam cape$s$re, to resort to flight, betake one's self to flight. 332, 2, 2. Capillus, i, m. Hair. Capio, fre, cepi, captum. To take, take possession of, hold, receive. Capitalis, e, (caput). Deadly, mor- tal, capitale crimcn, a capital crime or offence. CapUolium, ii, n. Capitol. This term is applied sometimes to the temple of Jupiter, and sometimes to the whole Capitoline Hill, in- cluding both the temple and the citadel of Rome. Capra, ae, f. A she goat. Captivitzs, at'is, f. (captlvus.) Cap- tivity, bondage. Capttvus, a, um, (capio). Captive, enslaved; substantively, a prison- er, a captive. Capius, a, um, part, (capio). Cap- tured, taken. Capua, ae, f. Capua, the chief city of Campania, (204). Caput, itis, n. Head, capital ; capV tis damnure, to condemn to death. Career, eris, m. Prison. Careo, ere, carui, carltum. To be destitute, be free from, be with- out. Carmen, Inis, n. A song, poem; poetry. Caro, carnis, f. Flesh. Carpentum, i, n. Chariot, car- riage. Carthago, Inis, f. Carthage, an an- cient city in Northern Africa, (189). Carthago Nova. Netf Carthage, a town in Spain; now Carthagena, (194). Carthaginiensis, e, adj. (Carthago). Carthaginian ; subs. Carthagini' ensis, is, m. a Carthaginian, (185). Carus, a, um. Dear. Cassius, ii, m. Cassius, a Roman name. Lucius Cassius, one of the accomplices of Catiline, (97, 15). Caius Cassius, one of the conspirators against Caesar, (213). Caste, ius, issime, adv. (castus). Virtuously, chastely. Castus, a, um. Chaste, pure. Castellum, i, n. dimin. (castrum). Castle, fortress. 315, 3. Castor, oris, m. Castor, son of Tyn- darns and brother of Pollux, (63, 9). 150 LATIN READER. [CASTRA Castra, drum, n. (pi. of castrum, a castle). Camp. 132. Casus, us, m. (cado). Fall, misfor- tune, chance, accident. Catilina, ae, m. Catiline. Lucius Sergius Catillna, the notorious conspirator against tho Roman government, (207). Catinensis or Catiniensis, is. m. A Catinean, a citizen of Catina, a city in Sicily, (223). Cato, onis, m. Cato, the name of several distinguished Romans. The most celebrated was Marcus Porcius Cato, the Censor, (88, 13). Catulus, i, m. Catulus, surname of Caius Lutatim, a Roman consul at the close of the first Punic war, (188). CaudJnus, a, um. Caudine; Fur- culae Caudlnae, the Caudine Forks, a narrow defile near Cau- dium, in Italy, (179). Causa, ae, f. Cause, purpose, busi- ness, suit at law. Causidlcus, i, m. (causa, dico). Pleader, advocate; speaker. Cauies, is, f. A crag, cliff, rock. Caveo, ere, cdvi, cautum. To shun, avoid, guard against; sibi ab aliquo cavere, to protect one's self from any one. Cedo, ere, cessi, ccssum. To give place to, yield to, withdraw, de- part. C?leber, bris, bre. Renowned, cele- brated. Celebro, are, dvi, atum, (celeber). To celebrate, solemnize. Celcr, celeris. Swift. 163, 1. Oeleritas, atte, f. (celer). Celerity, swiftness. Celeriter, ius, rime, adv. (celer) Swiftly, quickly. 305, 2. Cetta, ae, f. Store-room, store- house; cella penaria, granary. Celo, are, avi, atum. To hide, con- ceal. Censeo, ere, censui, censum. To think, judge, decree. Censorlnus, i, m. Censorinus, sur- name of Lucius Marcius, a Roman consul hi the third Punic war, (199). Census, us, m. Census. Centum, indec. Hundred. Centurio, onis, m. (centum). Cen- turion. Cerno, ere, crevi, cretum. To per- ceive, see, discern. Certamen, Inis, n. (certo). Contest, game, engagement. Certdtim, adv. (certatus, from certo). Earnestly, eagerly. Certo, are, avi, atum. To fight, struggle, contend, endeavor. Certus, a, um. Sure, certain ; cer- tidrem facere, to inform. Cesso, are, avi, atum., (cedo). To cease, pause. Cetgrus, a, um, nom. sing. m. not used. The other, the rest. Chaeronea, ae, f. Chaeronea, a town in Boeotia, the birth-place of Plu- tarch, (232). Chcrsonesus, i, f. The Chersonesus, a peninsula in Thracia, west of the Hellespont. Ckristidnus, a, um. Christian, often used substantivcly, Cicdtrix, Ids, f. Scar. Cicero, 6ms, m. Cicero, the cele- brated Roman orator, (207). Cincinndtus, i, m. Cincinnatus, a OOEO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 151 renowned Roman citizen and dic- tator, (71). Cineas, ae, m. A friend and favorite minister of Pyrrhus. Cingo, ere, cinxi, cinctum. To sur- round, encompass ; crown ; invest. Cinna, ae, m. Cinna, a surname among the Romans. Lucius Cor- nelius Cinna, confederate of Ma- rius in the civil war, (203). Circa, prep, with ace. About, around, among. Circiter, prep, with ace. About, near. Circum circa. Circum-do, dare, dedi, datum. To place around, surround, invest. Circum-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To go around, surround, encompass, 295. Circumspicio, ere, spexi, spectum. (circum, specio). To look round, look for, seek. Circum-venio, Ire, vcni, ventum. Tu come around, encompass, sur- round, circumvent, deceive. Cis, prep, with ace. On this side of, within. Cito, are, avi, dtum. To excite, urge, hasten ; citato equo, at full gallop or speed. Cito, citius, cilissime, adv. (citus). Soon, quickly. Citra, adv., and prep, with ace. On this side. Citus, a, um. Quick, swift, rapid. Civllis, e, (civis). Civil, domestic. Civilitas, atis, f. (civllis). Civility, politeness. Civis, is, m. and f. Citizen. Ch"das, atis, f. (civis). City, state, citizenship. Glades, is, f. Loss, slaughter, de- struction, defeat. l Clam, adv., and prep, with ace. or abl. Secretly, without the know- ledge of. Clarus, a, um. Splendid, renowned, illustrious, clear. Classiarius, ii, m. (classis). A ma- rine, pi. naval forces. Classis, is, f. A fleet. Claudius, ii, m. The fourth Roman emperor, (41). Appius Claudius^ one of the decemviri, (26). Claudo, claudere, clausi, clausum. To close, shut. ClauduSy a, um. Lame. Clemens^ entis. Mild, gentle, clem- ent dementia, ae, f. (clemcns). Mild- ness, clemency. Cleopatra, ae, f. Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, (211). Another of the same name was the daughter of Philip of Macedcn, (234). Clipeus, or clypcus, i, m. Shield. Cloaca, ae, f. Sewer, drain. Cnaeus, or Cneus, i, m. Cnaeus, a Roman name; as Cnaeus Pom- peius. Coarguo, ere, coargui, (cum, arguo). To arraign, accuse, indict; con- vict. Codes, ttis, m. Codes, a Roman surname. Horatius Codes, a Ro- man, distinguished in the war with PorsSna, (171). Coelum, i, n. The heavens, sky, weather. Coena, ae, f. Principal meal of the Romans, supper, dinner. Coeo, Ire, ivi or ii, itum, (cum, eo). To collect, assemble. 295. 152 LATIN READER. [COKPl Coepi, isti, it, def. To begin. 297. Coerceo, ercere, vrcui, ercitum, (cum, arceo). To check, confine, re- strain. Coglto, are, dvi, dtum. To thiuk, ponder. Cogndtus, a, urn. Related, subs, a relative. Cognitus, a, urn, part, (cognosco). Ascertained, known. Cognomen, inis, n. (cum, noinen or gnomen). Surname. Cognonuno, are, dvi, dtum, (cogno- men). To surname, call, name. Cognosco, ere, novi, nltum, (cum, nosco or gnosco). To ascertain, learn, recognize. Cogo, ere, coegi, coactum. To col- lect, force, compel. Cohibeo, ere, ui, Itum, (cum, habeo). To hold, check, confine. Cohors, cohortis, f. Cohort, tenth part of a legion. Collatlnus, i, m. Collatinus, sur- name of Tarquinius, the colleague of Brutus in the consulship, (169). Collega, ae, m. Colleague. Colligo, Zre, Icgi, lectum, (cum, lego). To collect, bring together. Colloco, are, am, atum, (cum, loco). To place, set, erect ; to give in marriage. Colloquium, ii, n. (colloquor). Con- ' versation, interview. Colloquor, loqui, locutus sum, dep. (cum, loquor). To converse, talk with. Collum, i, n. Neck. Colo, ere, colui, cultum. To culti- vate ; honor, worship. Color, Oris, m. Color, complexion. Comburo, fre, lussi, bustum, (cum, buro = uro, to burn). To burn, consume. Comes, itis, m. and f. Companion. Comissatio, onis, f. Revelling. Commedtus, us, m. Supplies. Commemoro, are, dvi, atum, (cum, memoro). To recall, remember, commemorate, mention. Commentor, dri, dtus sum, dep. To meditate, muse upon, consider, think, devise, invent. Commigro, dre, dvi, alum, (cum, migro). To migrate. Comminuo, ere, minui, minutum, (cum, minuo). To dash in pieces, crush ; lessen ; weaken. Committo, ere, mlsi, missum, (cum, mitto). To bring together, unite, intrust, commit ; pugnam commit- t$re, to engage in battle. Commodum, i, n. Advantage, bene- fit. Commodus, a, um, (cum, modus). Suitable, fit, proper, convenient. Commonefacio, re, fed, factum, (cum, moneo, facio). To put in mind, remind, impress earnestly. Commoror, dri, dtus sum, (cum, mo- ror). To tarry, delay. Commoveo, ere, movi, motum, (cum, moveo). To move, excite. Communis, e. Common. Communiter, adv. (communis). In common, conjointly. Commutatio, onis, f. Change. Comparo, dre, dvi, atum, (cum, paro). To prepare, make, pro- cure, compare. Compello, are, dvi, dturn, (cum, pel- lo). To address, call. Compello, ere, pidi, puhum, (cum, CONGRESSIOJ LATItf-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 153 pello). To thrust together, to force, compel, impel. Compensatio^ onis, f. Compensa- tion, exchange, barter. Comperio, Ire, peri, pertum. To find, find out. Compes, edis, f. (cum, pes). Fetter, chain. Compesco, &re, cui. To confine, check. Complector, ti, plexus sum, (cum, plector). To embrace, encompass. Compleo, ere, evi, etum, (cum, pleo). To fill, complete. Complures, a. More than one ; several, very many. Compono, ere, posui, positum, (cum, pono). To settle, adjust, adapt, compose. Comporto, are, am, dtum, (cum, porto). To carry, bear, collect. Compos, oils, (cum, potis). Having the mastery or control over any- thing ; sharing in, partaking of. Comprehendo, ere, di, sum, (cum, prehendo). To seize, arrest, com- prehend. Concedo, ere, cessi, cessum, (cum, cedo). To concede, grant; to de- part, withdraw ; pass, impers., it is conceded. ContidO) ere, cidi, (cum, caclo). To fall, perish. Concilio, are, avi, dtum, (concilium). To unite, conciliate, procure, win. Concilium, ii, n. Council, meeting. Concio, Onis, f. Public assembly. Conclto, are, avi, dtum, (cum, cito). To raise ; excite, excite rebellion. Concordia, ae, f. (concors, harmo- nious). Concord, harmony. Concurro, ere, curri (cucurri), cur- sum, (cum, curro). To meet, as^ semble ; engage, fight ; rush to. Conditio, onis, f. (condo). Condition, terms. Condo, ere, didi, ditum, (cum, do). To found ; conceal, hide ; place, bury. Cbnduco, ere, duxi, ductum, (cum, duco). To conduct, collect ; hire, contract for. Confer o, conferre, contuli, colld- tum, (cum, fero). To collect, confer, compare ; engage battle ; se conferre, to betake one's self. Confestim, adv. Immediately. Corificio, ere, fed, fcctum, (cum, facio). To finish, accomplish, make, produce, wear out. Confido, ere, fisus sum, (cum, fido). To trust, confide in. Conflgo, $re, fixi, fixum, (cum, figo.) To transfix, fasten together. Confingo, ere, finxi, Jictum, (cum, fingo). To form, feign, pretend. Confirmo, are, avi, dtum, (cum,. firmo). To make firm, strength- en ; encourage ; corroborate. Conflsus, a, um, part, (confido). Trusting, relying upon. Confllgo, ere, flixi, Jlictum, (cum, fiigo). To engage, fight. Confodio, ere, fodi, fossum, (cum, fodio). To pierce, wound. Confugio, ere, fugi, fugitum, (cum, fugio). To flee for refuge. Congredior, gredi, gressus sum, dep. (cum, gradior). To encounter, fight. Congrego, dre, dvi, dtum,, (cum, grego). To collect, congregate. Congressio, onis, f. (congredior)t Engagement, battle. 154: LATIN KEADEK. [CONJICIO Conjicio, ere, jcci, jectum, (cum, jacio). To discharge, hurl, throw, drive. Gonjungo, ere, junxi, junction, (cum, jungo). To join, combiDe, Conjuratio, onis, f. (conjuro). Con- spiracy. Conjurdtus, a, urn, part, (conjuro). Having conspired. Conjuro, are, dm, atum, (cum, juro) To conspire. Conjux, ugis, m. and f. (conjungo). Husband, wife. Conon, onis, m. Conon, a cele- brated Athenian general, (39, in). Conor, dri, dtus sum, dep. To en- deavor, attempt. Conscendo, ere, scendi, scensum, (cum, scando). To ascend, em- bark. Conscius, a, um. Privy to ; con- scious of ; subs, accomplice, confi- dant. Conscribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum (cum, scribo). To summon; to enrol, arrange, order ; compose. Conscriptus, a, um, part, (conscrlbo). Enrolled, assembled. Patres con- scripti, conscript fathers, i. e. sen- ators. Consccro, are, am, atum (cum, sa- cro). To consecrate. Consector, dri, dtus sum, dep. (cum, sector). To follow, pursue. Consenesco, ere, senui (cum, senesco). To grow old. Vonsequor, sequi, secutus sum, (cum, sequor). To succeed, follow, pur- sue ; secure, obtain. Consero, ere, ui, turn, (cum, sero). To join together , manum nam conserve, to join battle, en' gage in battle. Conserve, are, dvi, atum, (cum, sep vo). To preserve, watch over, rescue. Considero, are, am, atum. To in- spect, examine. Consldo, ere, sedi, sessum, (cum, sido). To encamp, settle. Concilium, ii, n. Counsel, advice, wisdom, intention, design, council. Consislo, ere, stitl, stUum, (cum, sisto). To place or station one's self, to stand. ConsOlor, dri, dtus sum, dep. (cum, solor). To comfort, console. Conspectus, us, m. (conspicio). Sight, presence. Conspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (cum, specie). To see, observe. Consplcor, dri, dtics sum, dep. (con- spicio). To behold, see. Conspiratio, cnis, f. (consplro). Union, conspiracy. Constanter, ius, issime, adv. (consto). Consistently. Constantia, ae, f. (consto). Con- stancy, firmness. Constat, impers,(consto). It is known, is an admitted fact. Constituo, ere, ui, utum, (cum, sta- tuo). To constitute ; build, erect ; station, place; appoint, arrange, manage. Consto, are, stiti, statum, (cum, sto). To stand together, halt. Consuesco, 8re, evi, Hum, (cum, su- esco). To be accustomed. Consuetudo^ mis, f. (consuesco). Custom, usage, habit. Consul, ulis, m. (consiilo). Consul, Roman chief magistrate. CORIOLANUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 155 Consuldris, e. Consular; subs, one who has been consul, one of con- sular rank. Consulatus, us, m. (consul). Con- sulship. Consalo, ere, sului, sultwn. To con- sult, consider ; with dot. to consult for one's good. Consummo, are, am, dium. To fin- ish, accomplish, complete. Consumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptum, (cum, sumo). To consume, wear out, waste, use, employ. Contego, ere, to", tectum, (cum, tego). To cover. Contemno, ere, tempsi, temptum,(cum, temno). To contemn, despise, dis- regard. Contemptus, us, m. (contemno). Con- tempt, scorn, disregard. Contendo, Zre, tendi, tentum, (cum, tendo). To contend, strive, at- tempt, labor; betake one's self, go. Contentio, onis, f. (contendo). Ef- fort, contest, struggle, exertion. Contcntus, a, um. Content, con- tented. Continens, entis, (contineo). Ad- joining, continuous ; subs. f. con- tinent. Continentia, ae, f. (contineo). For- bearance, self-control. Contineo, Ire, tinui, tentum, (cum, teneo). To hold, keep, check. Continuo, are, am, atum, (contin- uus). To connect, unite, con- tinue. Contra, adv., and prep, with ace. Against, opposite to, contrary to ; on the contrary. Contra-dlco, re, dixi, dictum. To contradict, object to. Contraho, &re, traxi, tractum, (cum, traho). To collect, incur, contract. Contrarius, a, um, (contra). Con- trary to, opposite. Contrucldo, are, avi, atum, (cum, trucido). To slay, kill, mangle. Contueor, tueri, tuitus sum, dep. (cum, tueor). To survey, look upon, behold ; consider, ponder. Convalesco, Zre, lui, (cum, valesco). To gain strength, recover. Conveniens, entis, (convenio). Be- coming, fit, proper. Convenienter^ ius* issime, adv. (con- venio). Fitly, suitably, agreeably, consistently. Convenio, Ire, vcni, ventum, (cum, venio). To convene, assemble, meet, agree, harmonize, befit. Converto, $re, verti, versum, (cum, verto). To turn, change, alter, convert. Convinco, Zre, vici, victam, (cum, vinco). To conquer, convict. Convivium, ii, n. Feast, banquet. Convoco, are, avi, atum, (cum, voco). To assemble, call together. Copia, ae, f. Abundance, supply, ability, power; pi. forces, stores, supplies. Cor am, adv., and prep, with abl. In the presence of, before. Corintkus, i, f. Corinth, a city of Achaia, (162). Corinthius, a, um, (Corinthus). Co- rinthian, subs. Corinthius, ii, m. a Corinthian, (45). Coriolanus, i, m. Coriolanus, a sur- name given to Caius Marcius, de- rived from Corioli, the name of a town which he had taken in war, 156 LATIN READEE. [ConioLi Coribli, drum, m. pi. Corioli, a town in Latium, (174). Cornelia, ae, f. Cornelia, the mo- ther of the Gracchi, (131). Cornelius, ii, m. Cornelius, the name of a distinguished Roman gens, including the Scipios ; as, PuUius Cornelius Scipio, (190, 194). Cornelius, a, um. Belonging to the Cornelian family, (120). Cornu, us, n. Horn, wing of an army. Corona, ae, f. Garland, crown. Corpus, oris, n. Body, community. Corrlgo, tire, rexi, rectum, (cum, rego). To reform, correct. Corripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (cum, rapio). To seize, lay hold of. Corrumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum, (cum, rumpo). To corrupt, bribe, seduce. Crassus, i, m. Crassus, a Roman name, (93). Marcus Licinius Crassus, a Roman general, (204). Creber, bra, brum. Frequent, nu- merous. Credo, ere, credidi, creditum. To trust, believe. Cremera, ae, f. The Cremera, a river of Etruria, in Italy, (175). Creo, are, dvi, alum. To appoint, elect, make. Cresco, ere, crevi, creium. To grow, increase. Crimen, inis, n. Crime, accusa- tion. Criminor, ari, dtus sum, dep. (cri- men). To accuse. Crinis, is, m. Hair. Critias, ae, m. Critias, one of the thirty tyrants at Athens, (228). Crixus, i, m. Crixus, a leader in the war of the gladiators, (204). Crucio, are, &vi, dtum, (crux). To pain, afflict, torture. Crudelis, e. Cruel. Crudelltas, dtis, f. (crudelis). Cru- elty. Crudellter, ius, issime, adv. (crude lis). Cruelly. Cubitum, i, n. The elbow, a cubit. Culpa, ae, f. Fault, blame. Cultura, ae, f. (colo). Agriculture, cultivation. Cultus, us, m. Culture, necessaries, as food, clothing, etc. Cum, prep, with abl. With. Cum, conj. = quum. Cumae, drum, f. Cumae, an ancient city and colony in Campania, on the sea-coast, renowned for its Sibyl, (49, 7). Cundatio, onis, f. (cunctor). De- lay. Cunctor, ari, atus sum. To delay, hesitate. Cunctus, a, um. All, all together, entire. Cupide, ius, issime, adv. (cupidus). Eagerly. Cupiditas, dtis, f. (cupidus). Desire, wish. Cupidus, a, um, (cupio). Desirous, having desires, avaricious, covet- ous, fond of. Cupio, foe, Ivi or ii, Itum. To de- sire. Cur, adv. Why, wherefore. Cur a, ae, f. Care, management, anxiety. Cures, ium, f. pi. Cures, the an- cient capital of the Sabines, (159). Curia, ae, f. Senatc-housa ; ward. Curiatii, orum, m. pi. The Curiatii, DKDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 157 three brothers who were selected from theAlbaa army to engage ID combat with the three Horatii, also brothers, from the Romans, (160). See note on " Horatiorum et Curiatwrum," (160). Curius, ii, m. Curius, a Roman name, (27). Curo, are, avi, atum. To care for, take care of. Curro, ere, cucurri, cursum. To run. Currus, us, m. (curro). Chariot. Cursor, oris, m. Cursor, surname of Lucius Papirius, dictator in the Samnite war, (178). Cursus, us, m. (curro). Course. Custodia, ae, f. Care, charge of, custody, confinement. Custodio, Ire, Ivi or ii, itum, (custos). To guard, preserve, watch. Custos, odis, m. and f. Guard, keeper. Cyrilcus, i, m. A Cynic philosopher, a Cynic. Cynoscephalae, drum, f. pi. Cynos- cephalae, u Dogs' Heads," two hills in Thessaly, (197). Cyprus, i, f. Cyprus, an island in the Mediterranean sea, near Asia Minor, (27, 11). Cyrus, i, m. The name of two emi- nent Persian princes ; Cyrus, the Great, the founder of the Persian empire, (13), and Cyrus, the son of Darius, (225). D. Damnatio, onis, f. Condemnation. Damno, are, avi, dtum, (damnum). To condemn ; capitiz damndre, to condemn to death. Damnum, i, n. Loss, damage. Darius, ii, m. Darius, a celebrated king of Persia, (215). Datis, is, m. Datis, one of the gen- erals of Darius, (215). De, prep, with abl. From, of, con- cerning, on the subject of, over. Debeo, ere, ui, itum. To owe, ought. Debeor, eri, debitus sum, dep. To be due, belong. Debillto, are, avi, atum. To weak- en, disable. De-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum. To de- part, withdraw, die. Decem, indecl. Ten. Decemplex, Ids, (decem, plico, to fold). Tenfold. Decem-vir, viri, m. A decemvir. De-cerno, ere, crevi, cretum. To de- cide; contend, fight; decree, in- trust by decree. Decet, decuit, impers. It is seemly, becoming, becomes. Decldo, ere, cldi, clsum, (de, caedo). To cut off; decide, determine. Decimus, a, um, (decem). Tenth. Decipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (de, capio). To deceive. De-claro, are, avi, atum. To make clear, manifest; declare, pro- nounce. Decretum, i, n. (decerno). Decree. Decus, oris, n. Ornament, honor. De-decus, oris, n. Disgrace. Dedicatio, onis, f. (dedico). Dedica- tion. Dedico, are, avi, atum, (de, dico). To dedicate. Deditio, onis, f. (dedo). Surren- der. De-do, ere, dldi, ditum. To surren- 158 LATIN READEtfv. [DEDUCO der; devote one's self to, give one's self up to. De-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To bring down, conduct; remove; lead. De-fatigo, are, dvi, alum. To weary, fatigue. Defectio, onis, f. (deficio). Failure, eclipse, defection. Dc-fendo, ere, fendi, fensum. To defend, ward off. De-fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To offer, exhibit, bestow, present : carry or bear away. Dejicio, ere, fed, fectum, (de, facio). To fail, spend itself; be eclipsed; desert, revolt. Deflagro, are, dvi, atum. To burn, burn down, consume, destroy. Deformis, e, (de, forma). Deformed, ugly. De-fungor, gi,functus sum. To dis- charge, execute ; die. De-glubo, ere, , gluptum. To flay, to skin. Dein or deinde, adv. Then, after- wards. Deiotarus, i, m. Deiotarus, a king of Galatia, (206). Dejicio, ere, jtci, jectum, (de, jacio) To throw down, overthrow, slay. De-lecto, are, dvi, atum. To allure ; to delight, please. Delectus, a, urn, (deligo). Chosen. Deleo, ere, evi, etum. To destroy, efface, put an end to. De-libero, are, avi, atum. To de- liberate. Ddiciae, arum, f. pi. Delights, pleasures; delight, darling, be- loved. Deligo, tire, legi, lectum, (de, lego). To choose, select ; love. Delirium, ii, n. Madness, dotage, instances of it. Delos or Helm, i, f. Delos, a small- island in the Aegean sea, (27, 10). Delphi, drum, m. pi. Delphi, a townofPhocis, celebrated for the temple and oracle of Apollo, (217). Demardtus, i, m. Demaratus, the father of Tarquinius Priscus, (162). De-mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To plunge in, bury in, sink. De-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To let down, drop, send away, send. Democrltus, i, m. Democritus, a celebrated Grecian philosopher, (91). Demorior, mori, mortuus sum, (de, morior). To die. Demosthenes, is, m. Demosthenes, the most celebrated of the Gre- cian orators, (92, 7). Demum, adv. At length, finally. Denarius, ii, m. Denarius, a Ro- man silver com, worth about six- teen cents. Deni, ae, a. Ten by ten, ten at a time. Derilque, adv. Finally. Dens, dentis, m. A tooth. De-nudo, are, dvi, atum. To make naked, strip. Denuntiatio, onis, f. (denuntio). De- nunciation, warning. De-nuntio, are, dvi, atum. To de- clare, denounce. Denuo, adv. Again, afresh. De-petto, 8re, puli, pulsum. To drive away, expel De-pono, tre, posui, posVum. To DlQNTJS LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 159 lay down or aside, deposit, de- pose. De-populor, ari, atus sum. To pil- lage, depopulate. De-porto, are, avi, alum. To carry off or away. Depraedor, ari, atus sam, (de, prae- dor). To ravage, plunder. Deprehendo, ere, di, sum, (de, pre- hendo). To seize, catch, detect, surprise. De-pugno, are, avi, atum. To fight. Derelictio, onis, f. (de, relinquo). Neglect, disregard. De-scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To describe ; impose ; assess ; desig- nate; divide. Des?ro, ere, serui, sertum, (de, sero). To abandon, desert. De-sidero, are, avi, atum. To long for, wish, desire earnestly. Desilio, Ire, silui, sultum, (de, salio). To alight, dismount. Desino, ere, sivi or sii, situm, (de, sino). To cease, desist. Desipio, ere, (de, sapio). To be void of understanding, be foolish, be delirious. De-sisto, ere, stiti, sfltum. To de- fdst, leave off. D*speratio, onis, f. (despero). De- spair, desperation. De-spero, are, avi, atum. To de- spair. Despicio, fre, spexi, spectum, (de, specio). To despise, disregard. Desflno, are, avi, alum. To destine, appoint, design. De-sum, esse,fui. To fail, be wanting. De-terreo, ere, ui, itum. To deter. Detineo, ire, tenui, tentum, (de, te- neo). To detain, hinder. Detraho, ere, traxi, tractum, (de, traho). To draw or take away or from, detract. Detrimentum, i, n. Loss, damage, detriment, harm. Deus, i, m. God, deity. See 45, 6. De-vasto, are, , atum. To devastate, pillage. De-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To come down, arrive, reach. De-vinco, ere, vici, victum. To con- quer. Dexter, tra, trum. Right, on the right hand. Dextra, ae, f. The right hand. Di. See Dis. Diadcma, atis, n. Diadem. Diagoras, ae, m. Diagoras, a Rho- dian athlete, who distinguished himself in the Olympic games, (143). Diana, ae, f. The goddess Diana, the daughter of Jupiter and La- tona, and sister of Apollo, (97). Dico, ere,tiixi, dictum. To say, call. Dictator jl or is, m. (dico). Dictator, an officer appointed by the Romans in times of great danger. Dido, us, or onis, f. Dido, the foun- dress of Carthage, daughter of Belus, (44, III.) Dies, ei, m. and f. Day. Difficile, ius, lime, adv. (difficilis). With difficulty. Difficilis, e, (dis, facilis). Difficult. 163, 2. Digitus, i, m. Finger. Digmtas, atis, f. (dignus). Dignity, rank, office. Dignor, ^f, atus sum, (dignus). To worthy, deign. , a um. Worthy. 160 LATIN READEE. [DlLAEOS Di-ldbor, labi, lapsus sum, dep. To fall asunder, go to pieces; flee; scatter, disperse. Dilatio, onis, f. Delay, delaying. Ditigens, entis, (diligo). Fond of, .mindful, diligent, observant. Dlligenter, ius, issime, adv. (diHgens). Carefully, diligently, earnestly. Diligentia^ ae, f. (diligens). Dili- gence. Ditigo, Vrc, lexi, leclum, (dis, lego). To choose, love. Dimico, are, avi, atum, (dis, di, mico). To encounter, fight. Di-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To dis- miss, let go. Diogenes, is, m. Diogenes, the noted Cynic philosopher of Greece, (135). Dion, onis, m. Dion, brother-in-law of the tyrant Dionysius of Syra- cuse, (31). Dionysius, ii, m. Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, (26). Dlripio, ere, ripui, reptwn, (dis, di, rapio). To lay waste, pillage. Diruo, re, dirui, diratum, (dis, di, ruo). To destroy, demolish. Dis, or di, insep. prep. Asunder, not. Dis-cldo, ere, cessi, ccssum. To de- part, retire from. Disccptatio, onis, f. Debate, quarrel. Discipline, ae t f. Discipline, in- struction. piscipulus, i, m. (disco). A learner, ' scholar, disciple. 'Disco, $re, didici. To learn. Discordia, ae, f. Strife, discord. Discordo, tire, fivi, dium, (discors, discordant). To differ, be at va- riance, disagree. Discrimen, mis, n. Danger, crisis. Dis-curro, ere, curri, cursum. To run different ways, run nbout, separate. Dispergo, ere, spersi, spersum, (dis, di, spargo). To scatter, disperse. Displiceo, ere, plicui, plicitum, (dis, placeo). To displease. Dis-puto, are, dvi, atum. To com- pute, estimate ; examine, investi- gate, discuss. Dis-sZro, Zre, serui, sertum. To ex- amine, argue, discuss. Dissidium, ii, n. Dissension. Dis-similis, e. Unlike, dissimilar. Dissimulo, are, avi, atum. To dis- semble, conceal, omit. Dis-sipo, Gre, avi, atum. To dissi- pate, scatter. Dis-solvo, re, solvi, solutum. To de- stroy, abolish, dissolve. Dis-tribuo, ere, tribui, tributum. To distribute. Districtue, a, um, (distringo). Busy, occupied with. Distringo, &re, strinxi, strictum, (di, stringo). To occupy, engage at tention. Ditio, onis, f. Rule, swav. Diu, diutius, diutissime, adv. Long, for a long time. Diutinus, a, um, (diu). Of long du- ration, lasting. Diuturnitas, ails, f. (diuturnus). Long time. Diversus, a, um. Diverse, unlike, opposite. Dives, itis. Rich. Divico, onis, m. Divico, a distin- guished Helvetian general, (85, 5). Divido, re, divlsi, divisum. To di- vide, allot. Divlnm, a, um. Divine. EDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. -.; n-n iol Divitiae, arum, f. (dives). Riches, wealth. Divus, a, um. Divine; subs, god, goddess. Do, dare, dedi, datum. To give, grant, impute, allow. Doceo, Ire, ui, turn. To teach. Doctrma, ae, f. Instruction, learn- i ing, erudition, doctrine. Doctus, a, um, (doceo). Learned, skilled. Documentum, i, n. Lesson, proof, specimen, mark. Dolabella, ae, m. Dolabella, a Ro- man name. Publius Cornelius Dolabella, son-in-law of Cicero, (122). Doleo, ere, ui, itum. To grieve. Dolor, oris, m. (doleo). Pain, grief. Dolus, i, m. Artifice, deceit. Domesficus, a, um, (domus). Domes- tic, private, personal. Domicilium, ii, n. (domus). Habi- tation, abode. Dominatio, onis. Rule, tyranny. Dominatus, ^ls, m. Rule, sove- reignty. Dominus, i, m. Master, owner. Domo, are, ui, Ktum. To subdue. Domus, us or i, f. House, home ; domi, at home. Donee, conj. Until. Dono, are, avi, atum, (donum). To give, present with. Donum, i, n. (do). Present, gift. Dormio, ire, wi or ii, itwn. To sleep, slumber, rest. Dos, dotis, f. Gift, dowry. Drusus, i, m. Drusus, son of the Emperor Tiberius, (146). Dubitatio, onis, f. (dubito). Doubt, hesitation. Dubito, are, avi, atum. To doubt, hesitate. Dubius, a, um. Doubtful ; ncut. oj ten subs, doubt. Ducenti, ae, a. Two hundred. Duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead, conduct ; with uxorem, to marry. Duillius, ii, m. Duillius, a Roman name. Caius Duillius, a Roman commander and consul in the first Punic war, (185). Dulcis, e. Sweet, pleasant, agreeable. Dum, conj. While, until, provided. Dum-mtdo, conj. So long as, pro- vided that. Duo, ae, o. Two, both. 176, 2. Duodtcim, indec. (duo, decem). Twelve. Duodecimus, a, um, (duodecim). Twelfth. Duodequadragcsimus, a, um. Thirty- eighth. Duo-de-viginii, indec. Eighteen. Duplex, ids. Double. Duplico, are, avi, atum, (duplex). To double, increase. Duritia, ae, f. (durus). Hardiness, austerity, rigid temperance, hard- ship. Durus, a, um. Hard, harsh, rude. Dux, ducis, m. and f. (duco). Leader, guide, general. E E or ex, prep, with abl. From, out of, of. Ebrietas, dtis, f. Drunkenness. E-disco, Zre, didici. To learn by heart, commit to memory. E-do, edere, edidi, edltum. To set forth, publish ; do, perform, make, utter. 162 LATIN READER. [EDOCEO E-doceo, ere, docui, doctum. To teach one thoroughly, inform, in- struct. E-daco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead out or forth. E/ero, are, avi, atum. To enrage, madden, render unmanageable. Effero, ferre, extuli, datum,, (ex, fero). To bring forth, carry forth or out ; elate. Efficio, ere, feci,feclum, (ex, facio). To effect, occasion, accomplish, make, render. Effluo, ere, fluxi, fluxum, (ex, fluo). To flow out, pass away, disappear. E/ngio, ere,fagi, fugitum, (ex, fu- gio). To flee, escape from, escape. Ejfundo, ere, fadi, fasum, (ex, fun- do). To pour out, pour ; indulge in ; squander, waste. Egeo, egere, egui. To need, to want, require, to be without. Egcria, ae, f. Egeria, a prophetic nymph from whom Numa pro- fessed to receive instructions, (159). . Ego, mei, I. Egomet, I myself. 184, 3. Egredior, egrtdi, egressus sum, dep. (e, gradior). To go or come out, to go forth, to go, to run away. Egrcgie, adv. (egregius). Excel- lently, remarkably. Egregius, a, urn. Excellent, dis- tinguished. Jjjficio, ere, cjeci, ejectum, (e, jacio). To throw or drive out, expel; reject. E-ldbor, eldbi, elapsus sum, dep. To slip away, get off, escape. IZ-laboro, are, avi, atum. To labor, exert one's self. Elcgantia, ae, f. Elegance, taste^ propriety. Elementa, drum, n. pi. The first principles, rudiments, elements. Elephantus, i, m. Elephant. Eligo, ere, elegi, electum, (e, lego). To choose, elect. Eloquens, entis, (eloquor). Eloquent. Eloquenter, ius, issime, adv. (elo- quens). Eloquently. Eloquentia, ae, f. Eloquence. E-loquor, loqui, locutus sum, dep. To speak out, utter, declare, tell. Emax, ads, (emo). Eager to buy, fond of buying. E-mcrgo, ere, mersi, mersum. To emerge, come to light, rise in im- portance. Eminentia, ae, f. Eminence, ex- cellence. Emineo, ere, ui. To stand out, be prominent or conspicuous. E-milto, ere, misi, missum. To send forth or away ; let go. Emo, ere, emi, emptum. To buy, purchase. Emolumentum, i, n. Effort, exer- tion ; gain, profit, advantage. Enim, conj. For, indeed. E-niteo, ere, nitui. To shine forth ; be distinguished. Ennius, ii, n. Ennius, a celebrated Roman poet, (120). Eo, adv. Thither; therefore; eo usque, so far, to such an extent. Eo, ire, Ivi or ii, itum. To go ; walk, sail, ride, pass. 295. Eddem, adv. (idem). To the same place. Epaminondas, ae, m. Epaminondas, a celebrated Theban general, (92, 5). EXCEDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 163 Ephesius, a, um. Ephesian, relating to Ephesus, of Ephesus, born at Ephesus, (97). Epi gramma, atis, n. Inscription, epigram. 90, 1. Eplrus, i, f. Epirus, a province in the north of Greece, (180). Epistola, ae, f. A letter, epistle. Epulae, arum, f. pi. Food, banquet, feast. Epulor, ciri, atus sum, (epulae). To feast. Eques, itis, m. (equus). Horseman. PL cavalry. Equester, iris, tre, (eques). Eques- trian. Equidem, conj. Indeed, truly, by all means. jEquitdtus, us, m. Cavalry. fiquus, i, m. Horse : ex equo, from a horse, on horseback. Eretria, ae, f. Eretria, an impor- tant city on the island of Euboea, (16). Erga, prep, with ace. Towards. Ergo, adv. Therefore ; as subs. abl. on account of, for, with gen. Erigo, ere, erexi, erectum, (e, rego). To raise up, animate. Eripio, ere, eripui, ereptum, (e, ra- pio). To snatch or take away. Error, oris, m. Error, deception. Erudio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To in- struct, refine, discipline. Erudltus, a, um, part, (erudio). Learned, instructed in. E-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To break forth, rush forth. Eruo, ere, erui, erutum, (e, ruo). To root out, destroy. Esca, ae, f. Food, bait. Et, conj. And; et et, both and. Et-enim, conj. For, truly, because that, since. Etiam. Also, even. Etiam-si. Even if, although. Etiam-tum, conj. Even then, till then, still. Elruria, ae, f. Etruria, a country of Central Italy ; Tuscany, (190). Etruscus, i, m. An Etruscan, inha- bitant of Etruria, (171). Et-si. Even if, although, though. Euboea, ae, f. Euboea, an island in the Aegean sea, (84). [(144). Euripides,is, m. An Athenian poet, Euphrates, is, m. A river in Asia, (24). Eurdpa, ae, f. The continent of Europe. Eurybiades, is, m. A king of Sparta, (219). E-vado, tre, vasi, vasum. To go out ; to turn out, become ; escape ; evade. E-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To come forth, happen; evenit, ut, it chanced, that. E-verto, ere, verti, versum. To pull down, overthrow. Evoco, are, avi, atum, (e, voco). To call forth, summon. Evolo, are, avi, atum, (e, volo). To fly or flee away, hasten away. Ex, prep, with abl. From. See e or ex. Ex-adversum or ex-adversus, adv^ and prep, with ace. Opposite, against. Ex-animo, are, avi, atum. To de- prive of life or spirit ; kill. Ex-ardesco, ere, arsi. To kindle, be inflamed ; break out, as war. Ex-cedo, ere, ccssi, cessum. To retire, withdraw. LATIN READEE. [EXCELLO Ex-cello, $re, ccllui, celsum. To ele- vate ; excel, be eminent. Excelsus, a, um, (excello). Lofty. Excidium, ii, n. Destruction, ruin. Excipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (ex, ca- pio). To take out, except. Ex-cdo, are, avi, utum. To excite, i arouse, awaken, strengthen. Excludo, ere, clasi, clasum, (ex, clau- do). To exclude, shut out, cut off. Ex-coglto, are, avi, utum. To devise, think out. Excutio, ere, cussi, cussum, (ex, qua- tio). To shake or throw off. Exemplum, i, n. Example. Ex-eo, ire, wi or ii, itum. To go from or forth. Exerceo, ere, cui,' citum, (ex, arceo). To exercise, practise. Exercitus, us, m. (exerceo). Army, train. Ex-haurio, ire, hausi, hauslum. To exhaust, impoverish. Ex-horresco, ere, horrui. To dread, to tremble at. Exlgo, ere, egi, actum, (ex, ago). To drive out, expel ; finish, end ; demand. Exiguus, a, wn. Small. Eximius, a, urn. Excellent, choice, remarkable. Eximo, ere, emi, emptum, (ex, emo). To take away or from ; exempt ; rescue. JZxistimatio, dnis, f. (existtmo). An opinion, judgment, supposition ; reputation. fixistimo, are, avi, atum, (ex, aesti- mo). To judge, think. faitium, ii, n. (exeo). End, death, destruction. Ex-orior, oriri, orius sum, dep., partly of 3d conj. To arise ; be derived from. 286, 2. Ex-orno, are, avi, atum. To adorn, beautify, embellish, furnish, equip. Exosus, a, um. Hating, hated, odious. Expedio, ire, wi or ii, itum. To re- lease, extricate ; also to be expe- dient, or profitable. Expeditio, dnis, f. (expedio). Expe- dition. Ex-pcllo, ere, pull, pulsum. To ex- pel, drive away, banish. Ex-ptto, ere, ivi or ii, itum. To seek, request. Ex-pleo, ere, evi, Hum. To fill, make full ; fulfil. Ex-pllco, are, avi, atum. To unfold ; adjust; settle. Explorator, oris, m. Explorer, spy. Ex-pugno, are, avi, alum. To take, conquer, storm. Ex-scindo, ere, soldi, scissum. To destroy. Ex-sculpo, rt, sculpsi, sculptum. To erase. Exsecrabilis, e. Detestable. Exsequiae, arum, f. pi. Funeral. Ex-sequor, sequi, secutus sum. To prosecute, accomplish, finish ; per- form. Exsilium, ii, n. Banishment, exile. Exspectath, dnis, f. (exspecto). Ex- pectation, high hope. Ex-specto, are, avi, atum. To await, expect. Ex-stinguo, ?re, stinxi, stinctum. To extinguish, destroy. Ex-struo, ere. struxi, structum. To build, construct. Exsul, ulis, m. and f. An exile. Ex-templo, adv. Immediately. FlDELIS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 165 Ex-torqueo, Ire, torsi, tortum. To extort, obtain by force. Ex-traho, ere, traxi, tractum. To extract, draw out, remove ; rescue. Fabius, ii, m. Fabius, the name of a distinguished Roman family. Quintus Fabius Maximus, the celebrated Roman general who so successfully weakened Hanni- bal in the first Punic war, (175). Fabridus, ii, m. Fabricius, a dis- tinguished leader of the Romans in the war against Pyrrhus, (182). Fabula, ae, f. Report, narrative, fable, story, drama. Fades, Ii, f. A face, appearance. Facile, ius, lime, adv. (facilis). Easily. Facilis, e, (facio). Easy. Faclnus, oris, n. Deed, act ; wick- edness, crime. Facio, ere, fed, fadum. To do, act, make, compose. Factio, onis, f. Faction, party. Facultas, dtis, f. Capacity, ability, resource, opportunity -,plur. riches, property, resources. Folio, Sre, fefelll, fahum. To de- ceive, foil. Falsus, a, urn. False, spurious. Fama, ae, f. Fame, report. Fames, is, f. Hunger, famine. Familia, ae, f. Retinue of slaves, a family. Familiaritas, dtis, f. Friendship, intimacy. Famula, ae, f. Female slave. Faunius, ii, m. Fannius, a Roman name, (43). Fanum, i, n. Temple. ds, is, m. A bundle, parcel. Fastidio, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To loathe, despise, disdain. Fatalis, e, (fatum). Fated, fatal. Fatigo, are, dvi, dtum. To oppress, trouble, weary, importune. fatum, i, n. Fate, destiny, oracle. Fauce, abl. f. ; plur. fauces, faudum. Throat, jaws. Faustulus, i, m. Faustulus, the shepherd who brought up Romu- lus and Remus, (153). Faveo, ere, favi, fautum. To favor. Favor, oris, m. (faveo). Favor, kindness. Felicitas, dtis, f. (felix). Felicity, success. Feliciter, ius, issime, adv. (felix). Happily, prosperously. Felis, is, f. Cat. Felix, ids. Happy. Femina, ae, f. Woman, fern ale. Femur, oris, n. Thigh. Fera, ae, f. Wild beast. Ferax, dcis. Fertile, fruitful, pro- ductive. Fere, adv. Almost. < Ferme, adv. Almost. Ferio, ire. To strike, beat. Fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To bear, endure ; raise ; say, tell ; propose, as law. 292. Ferox, ods. Bold, warlike, savage. Ferrum, i, n. Iron, sword. Fertilis, e. Fertile, rich. Fcrus, a, um. Wild, rude, cruel ; ferus and f era (subs.), wild animal or beast. Fessus, a, um. Wearied, exhausted. Festlno, are, dm, dtum. To hasten. Festus, a, um. Festal ; fcstum (subs.), a festival, feast. Fidelis, e, (fides). Faithful, trusty. 16G LATIN READER. Fides, ei, f. Fidelity, allegiance ; protection, confidence, assurance ; infidem, under protection. Fido, ere, fisus sum. To trust, confide. Fiduda, ae, f. Trust, confidence. Filia, ac, f., dat. and abl. pi. filiabus. Daughter. 42, 3, 4). Filius, ii, m. Son. Fingo, ere, finxi, fidum. To form, feign, represent. Finio, ire, wi, Hum, (finis). To finish, put an end to. Finis, is, m. and f. Limit, end ; pi. territory. Finitimus, a, um. Neighboring; subs, a neighbor. Fio, fieri, faclus sum, pass, of f ado. To be made ; become, happen. 294. Firme, adv. Firmly, resolutely. Firmitas, dtis, f. (firmus). Firmness, strength. Firmus, a, um. Strong, secure, firm. Ftagitiosus, a, um. Infamous, aban- doned. Flagitium, ii, n. Disgrace, shame, base deed. Flagro, are, avi, atum. To burn, be carried on with zeal. Flaminius, ii, m. Flaminius, a Ro- man consul, defeated by Hannibal at the Lake Trasimenus, (190). Flamma, ae, f. Flame. Flcclo, ere, Jlexi, flexum. To bend, turn. ricfus, us, m. Weeping, tears. Florcns, eiitls, (floreo). Blooming, youthful, excellent. Florens actas, youth. Floresco, ere, florui, (floreo). To bloom, flourish, prosper ; excel. Flos, oris, m. Blossom, flower. Flumen, mis, n. Stream, river. Fluvius, ii, m. River. Foederatus, a, um. Confederate, allied. Foedus, eris, n. League, alliano^ treaty. Fons, ontis, m. Spring, fountain. For em, es, etc.=essem, es, etc., Might be ; forefuturum esse. See 297, III. 2. Formo, are, avi, atum. To form, fashion, adjust. Fors, fortis, f. Chance ; abl. forte as adv., by chance, perchance. Forsitan, (fors, sit, an). Perhaps. Fortasse. Perhaps. Forte. See fors. Fortis, e. Brave, valiant. Fortiter, ius, issimc, adv. (fortis). Bravely. Fortitudo, mis, f. (fortis). Forti- tude, bravery. Fortuna, ae, f. Fortune. Forum, i, n. Market-place, forum. Fossa, ae, f. Ditch, trench. Frango, ere, fregi, fraction. To break. Frater, tris, m. Brother. Fraus, dis, f. Fraud, deceit. Frequenter, ius, issime, adv. Fre- quently, in great numbers. Fretus, a, um. Trusting, relying upon. Fructus, us, m. Fruit, produce. Frugatttas, atis, f. Frugality, in- tegrity. Frumentum, i, n. Corn, grain. Fruor, frw, fruttus and frudus sum, dep. To enjoy, Frustra, adv. In vain. Fuga, ae, f. Flight. GRACCHUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 167 Fugio, Zre, fugi, fugiium. To fly, flee, avoid, shun. Fujo, are, am, alum. To rout, put to flight. Fulgur, uris, n. Lightning, thun- derbolt. Fulguratio, onis, f. Lightning. Fulmen, mis, n. Lightning, thun- derbolt. Fundamentum, i, n. Foundation. Fundltus, adv. Utterly, entirely. Fundo, ere, fudi, fusum. To pour out, shed, rout; also to make, cast. Funesius, a, urn, (funus). Deadly, destructive ; mournful, sad. Fungor,fungi,funclussum, dep. To discharge, perform, pay. Furcula, ae, f. Fork. Furculae Caudlnae ; see Caudlnus. Furius, ii, m. Furius, a Roman fa- mily name, as Marcus Furius Ca- millus ; see Camillus. Furor, oris, m. Fury, madness. Furtum, i, n. Theft. Futurus, a, um, part. (sum). Future. G. Galatia, ae, f. Galatia, a country of Asia Minor, (206). Gallia, ae, f. The ancient country of Gaul, (209). Gallicus, a, um, (Gallia). Gallic. Gallma, ae, f. Hen. Gallus, i, m. A cock. Gallus, i, m. (Gallia). A Gaul, a native of Gaul, (39, III.). Gaudeo, ere, gavlsus sum. To re- joice, take pleasure in. 272, 3. Gaudium, ii, n. Joy, pleasure. Geminus, a, um. Twin, double. Gemma, ae, f. Gem. Gener, eri, m. Son-in-law. Genero, are, am, alum, (genus). To beget, create, produce. Geriitus, a, um, part, (gigno). Born, produced. Gens, gentis, f. Family, clan, tribe, nation, race. Ubinam gentium, where in the world ? Genus, Sris, n. Race, family, peo- ple, kind. Gcrmania, ae, f. Germany, (39, V.). Germanus, i, m. (Germania). A German, (30). Gero, ere, gessi, gestum. To bear, wear ; carry on, perform ; wage, as war. Gestio, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To de- sire, long for. Gigno, ere, genui, genitum. To bring forth, beget, produce. Glacialis, e. Icy, freezing. Gladiator, oris, m. Gladiator, a fighter at the public games. Gladiatorius, a, um, (gladiator). Gladiatorial. Gladius, ii, m. Sword, Glisco, ere. To grow, spread ; rise. Gloria, ae, f. Glory. Glorior, ari, atus sum, dep. To boast, exult, glory. Gracchus, i, m. Gracchus, a Ro- man name. Sempronius Grac- cJms, the Roman general defeat- ed by Hannibal at the Trebia, (190). Gracchi, drum, m. pi. The Gracchi, members of the Gracchus family, but especially the two brothers, Tiberius Corne- lius Gracchus and Caius Corne- lius Gracchus, famous in the poli- tical history of Rome, (131). 168 LATIN KEADEK. [GRADUS Gradns, us, m. Step, position, stair. Graece, adv. (Graecus). In the Greek language, in Greek. Graecla, ae, f. Greece, (210). Graecus or Graius, a, urn, (Grae- eia). Grecian. Subs. Graecus or Grains, i, m. A Greek, (30, 8). Grammatical, ae, f. Grammar. Grammaticus, a, urn. Of or be- longing to grammar, grammatical. Grandis, e. Large, great. Grando, Inis, f. Hail. Gratia, ae, f. Favor, gratitude ; pi. thanks; gratia, abl. for the sake of. Gratiis or gratis, adv. For nothing, without pay. Gratulatio, .onis, f. Gratulation, congratulation. (fratus, a, um. Pleasing, accept- able ; grateful. Gravis, e, Heavy, severe. Gravitas, atis, f. (gravis). Weight ; dignity, gravity. Graviter, ius, issimc, adv. (gravis). Heavily, severely. Gravo, are, avi, atum, (gravis). To burden, load. Grus, gruis, m. and f. Crane. Gubernator, dm, m. Pilot, ruler, governor. Guberno, are, avi, atum,. To steer, pilot; direct, manage. Gt/lippus, i, m. Gylippus, a Spar- tan commander in the Sicilian expedition, (223). H. Habeo, ere, ui, itum. To have ; re- gard ; keep. Sermonem habere, to hold a conversation. Habito, are, avi, atum, (habeo). To inhabit, live in, dwell in. 332 t I. 2. Habitus, us, m. (habeo). Habit, dress, attire. Hamilcar, aris, m. Hamilcar, th father of Hannibal, (186). ffamus, i, m. Fish-hook, hook. Hannibal, alis, m. Hannibal, the celebrated Carthaginian general in the second Punic war. (189). Hanno, onis, m. Hanno, a Cartha- ginian general in the second Punic war, (195). Hasdrubal, alis, m. Hasdrubal, son of Hamilcar and brother of Hannibal, (192). Another of the same name was the brother-in-law of Hannibal, and the founder of New Carthage, in Spain. Hasta, ae, f. Spear. Hastile, is, n. Spear. Ha&tilis, e, (hasta). Belonging to a spear. Hand, adv. Not. Haurio, Ire, hausi, haustum. To drink, draw out, exhaust. Hector, dris, m. Hector, son of Priam and Hecuba, the bravest of the Trojans, (146). Hedera, ae, f. Ivy. Hellespontus, i, m. Hellespont, the straits of the Dardanelles. Helvetii, drum, m. The Helvetians, a people of Gaul, (42). Hercules, is, m. Hercules, a cele- brated Grecian hero, deified after death. Heres, edis, m. and f. Heir, heir- ess. Herennius, ii, m. Herennius, the father of Pontius Thelesinus, who loo] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 169 conquered the Romans at the Cau- dine Forks, (179). Herodotus, i, m. Herodotus, a cele- brated Grecian historian, (20). Heros,.6is, m. Hero. Ecu ! interj. Oh ! Ah ! Alas ! Hiberna, drum, n. (hibernus). Win- ter-quarters. Hie, haec, hoc. This, he, she, it. Hie, adv. Here, in this place. Hiems, emis, f. Storm, winter. Hiero, dnis, m. Hiero, king of Sy- racuse at the time of the first Pu- nic war, (185). Hierosolyma, ae, f. or drum, n. pi. Jerusalem, the capital of Judea, (206). Hinc, adv. (hie). Hence, on this ac- count, on this side; hinc hinc, on the one side on the other side. Hippias, ae, m. Hippias, son of Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, (97). Hispania, ae, f. Spain, (97). Hispdnus, a, um. Spanish ; subs. Hispdnus, i, m. A Spaniard, (194). Historia, ae, f. History. Hodie, adv. To-day. Hoedus* i, m. A kid, young goat. Jlom&rus, i, m. Homer, the cele- brated Greek epic poet, (134). Homo, inis, m. and f. Human being, man. Jlonestas, atis, f. (honestus). Honor, honesty. ffoneste, ius, isstme, adv. (honestus). , Honorably, nobly, honestly. Honestux, a, um, (honor). Full of honor, honorable, creditable, wor- thy, virtuous. Honor or honos y dris, m. Honor, rank, dignity. Honorifice, centius, centissime, adv. (honorificus). Honorably. 305. Hondro, are, dvi, dtum, (honor). To honor, reverence. Hora, ae, f. Hour. Horreo, ere,.horrui. To shudder, shudder at, dread. Horatil, drum, m pi. See Curiatii ; also note on " Horatidrum et Cu- riatidrum, (160). Horatius, ii, m, 3ee Codes and Pulvillus. Hortensius, ii, m. Hortensius, a Roman name. Quintus Horten- sius Horialus, a celebrated orator in the time of Cicero, (84, 91). Hortor, dri, dtus sum, dep. To exhort, incite. Hosplta, ae, f. Guest. Hostia, ae, f. Victim. Hostility e, (hostis). Hostile. Hostilius, ii, m. Hostih'us, a Roman name. Tullus Hosiilius, the third king of Rome, (160). Caius Hostilius MancmuSj a Roman consul, (201). Hostis, is, m. and f. Enemy. Humdnus, a, um, (homo). Human. Humilis, e. Humble, small, low. Humo, are, dvi, dtum. To bury. Hypdnis, is, m. Hypanis, a river of Sarmatia, (85). I. Ibtrus, i, m. Iberus, a river of Spain, now the Ebro, (26). Ibi, adv. There, hi that place. Ico, ere, id, ictum. To strike; make, ratify. 170 LATEST KEADEK. [IDEM Idem, eadem, idem. The same sometimes best rendered by also. Idoneus, a, um. Suitable, fit. Igitur, conj. Therefore, accord ingly. Igndvus, a, um. Slothful, indo- lent. Ignis, is, m. Fire. Ignoro, are, dvi, dtum. To be ig- norant of, not know. Ignosco, ere, ignovi, ignotum. To excuse, forgive, overlook. Ilienses, ium, m. Inhabitants of Ilium, Trojans, (146). Ilium, ii, n. Ilium, or Troy, some- times applied to the city, and sometimes to the district, (236). Ille, a, ud. That ; he, she, it. lllustris, e. Illustrious, famous. ILlustro, are, dvi, atum, (illustris). To enlighten, illumine, illustrate, celebrate. lllyricus, a, um, or Illyrius, a, um. Illyrian, of or pertaining to Illy- ria, a country on the northeastern coast of the Adriatic, (245). Subs. Illyrlcus or Illyrius, i, m., an Illy- rian. Imago, inis, f. Image, figure, pic- ture. Imbecillus, a, um, or imbecittis, e. Weak, feeble. Imbuo, Sre, imbui, imbutum. To imbue, impress. Imitdtio, dnis, f. Imitation. Imitor, dri, dtus sum, dep. To imi- tate, copy, portray, counterfeit. Immaturus, a, um, (in, maturus). Young, immature. Immemor, oris, (in, mem or). Un- mindful, forgetful. fo, ere, mlsi, missum, (in, mit- to). To send or let in ; let go ; bring forward. Immortalis, e, (m, mortalis). Im- mortal. Immortalitas, aiis, f. (unmortalis.) Immortality. Immunitas, dtis, f. Immunity, ex- emption. Imo or irnmo, adv. Yes indeed, in- deed, by all means. Impatiens, entis, (in, patiens). Im- patient. Impatienter, ius, isslme, adv. (impa- tiens). Impatiently. Impedimentum, i, n. (impedio). Im- pediment, obstacle; pi. bag- gage. Impedio, ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To impede, embarrass ; hinder, pre- vent. Impello, ere, puli, pulsum, (in, pel- lo). To impel, induce. Impensa, ae, f. Expense, cost. Irnperdtor, oris, m. (impero). Com- mander, emperor. Imperltus, a, um, (in, perltus). Un- skilled, ignorant. Imperium, ii, n. (irnpe'ro). Com- mand, power, rule, sway, reign. Impero, are, avi, atum. To com- mand, rule, govern. Impetro, are, am, atum. To ac- complish, obtain. Impetus, us, m. Attack, fury. Impietas, aiis, f. (impius). Want of respect, irreverence, impiety. Impius, a, um, (in, pius). Unduti- ful, irreverent, impious, abandon- ed. r mpono, ere, posui, poslium, (in, pono). To place or put in or to ; enjoin; impose. INPINS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 171 Improbo, are, dvi, atum, (in, probo). To reject. Imprudenter, ius, issime, adv. (im- prudens, imprudent). Imprudently. Impubes, tris. Youthful, young. Lnpugno, are, dvi, atum, (in, pugno). To assail, attack. Jmpuhus, us, m. (impello). Instiga- l tion. In, prep, with ace. or abl. Into, to, for, against, with ace. ; in, on, with abl Inanis, e. Empty, void ; vain, fool- ish, useless. Incendium, ii, n. (incendo). Fire, conflagration. Incendo, ere, cendi, censum. To set on fire, inflame, excite. In-certus, a, um. Uncertain. Incesso, $re, cesslvi or cessi. To at- tack. Inchoo, are, dvi, dtwn. To begin, commence. Incido, ere, cidl, cdsum, (in, cado). To fall into or upon, fall in with, happen. Incido, ere, cldi, clsum, (in, caedo). To cut, destroy. Incipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (in, capio). To begin, undertake. Incitamentum^ i. n. (incito). Incen- tive, inducement. Incitdtus, a, um, (incito). Running ; equo incitdto, at full speed. In-cito, are, avi, atum. To incite, hasten, spur on ; inspire. Li-dino, are, avi, atum. To incline, bend ; pass, to sink, go to ruin. Incola, ae, m. and f. (incolo). In- habitant. In-colo, ere, colui, cuUum. To dwell, a 1 idle in, inhabit. In-columis, e. Safe, uninjured. In-credibllis, e. Incredible. Incrementum, i, n. Growth, in- crease. Incursio, onis, f. (incurro). Attack, inroad. Inde, adv. Thence, from that place. Indecore, adv. Disgracefully. India, ae, f. India, an extensive country of Asia, (242). In-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To de- clare, publish, appoint. Indigeo, ere, indigui. To need ; part, indigens, as adj. or subs, in, digent, an indigent person. Indignatio, onis, f. (indignor). Scorn, indignation. Indignor, ari, atus sum, (indigmis). To disdain, scorn ; be indignant. In-dignus, a, um. Unworthy, harsh, indecent. In-domltus, a, um. Unsubdued, in- vincible. In-dubitatus, a, um. Undoubted, cer- tain. Induciae, or indutiae, drum, f. pi. Truce. In-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To in- duce, lead into, overlay, adorn with, gild. Induratus, a, um, (indQro). Obdu- rate, hardened. In-duro, dre, dvi, atum. To harden. Industria, ae, f. Industry. In-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, \tum. To enter, go into ; gratiam inlre, to obtain the favor of, conciliate. 295. Inermis, e, (in, arma). Unarmed. In/amis, e. Infamous, notorious- Infam, antis, adj. Speechless, dumb ; subs, an infant. 172 LATIN READER. [INFKLIX Ih-felix, Icis. Unhappy, unfortu- nate. Jnfensus, a, um. Exasperated, en- raged. Inferior, ius. Inferior. 163, 3. In-fcro,ferre, tuli, illdtum. To carry against, wage against. 292, 2. Infesto, are, avi, atum, (infestus). To infest, trouble. Infestus, a, um. Infested, trouble- some, hostile. In-finltus, a, um. Great, infinite, boundless, of unlimited power. In-flammo, are, avi, atum. To set on fire, burn, inflame, arouse. Informis, c, (in, forma). Shapeless, deformed. In-frendo, ere, , frcssum, frcsum. To gnash with the teeth. Infringo, ere, fregi, fractum, (in, frango). To infringe, break. Infula, ae, f. Fillet, head-dress, badge of office. In-gemo, ere, ui. To groan, la- ment. Ingenium, ii, n. Character, genius, intellect, power. Ingens, entis. Great, mighty. Ingratiis or ingratis, adv. Against one's will. In-gratus, a, um. Disagreeable, offensive, ungrateful. In-gredior, gredi, gressus sum, dep. (in, gradior). To enter, encoun- ter. In-haereo, ere, haesi, haesum. To cleave or stick to, to stick fast, adhere. In-hio, are, avi, atum. To gape, stand open ; desire, long for. Inhumanitas, atis, f. (inhumanus). Barbarity, incivility, inhumanity. Inimicus, a, um, (in, amlcus). Hos- tile ; subs, an enemy. Inlquus, a, um, (in, aequus). Un- favorable, unjust. Initium, ii, n. (ineo). Beginning; pi. sacred mysteries. Injicio, re, jeci, jecium, (in, jacio). To throw in; cause; inspire with. Injuria, ae, f. Injury, wrong. In/juste, ius, issime, adv. (injustus). Unjustly. In-justus, a, um. Unjust, oppress- ive, severe. In-ndcens, entis. Innocent. In-notesco, $re, notui. To become known. In-noxius, a, um. Harmless, inno- cent. In-numerdbilis, e. Innumerable. In-opindtus, a, um. Sudden, unex" pected. Inguam, defective. To say. See 297, II. 2. Insania, ae, f. Insanity, folly. Inscitia, ae, f. Ignorance. In-sequor, sequi, secutus sum. To fol- low, pursue. Insidiae, arum, f, pi. Ambush, treachery, plot. Insigne, is, n. Mark, sign ; pi. badges of office, insignia. Insignis, e. Distinguished, noted. In-simulo, are, avi, atum. To blame, accuse, charge. In-sisto, ere, stiti, stitum. To per- sist ; urge ; entreat. In-solens, entis. Unusual, insolent. Insolenter, ius, issime, adv. (inso- lens). Insolently. Impecto, are, avi, atum. To look at, to look on. Jnspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (in, spe- INUTILIS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 173 cio). To consider, inspect, look on. Instauro, are, avi, atum. To renew. Instituo, ere, stitui, stitutum, (in, sta- tuo). To institute, establish. Institutum, i, n. (instituo). Habit, manner, custom, institution. In-sto, stare, sfiti, stdtum. To stand in or upon a thing, be near to ; to urge, insist, beg earnestly. Instrumentum, i t n. (instruo). Im- plements, movables, goods. In-struo, ere, struxi, structum. To prepare, build, furnish with, equip. Insula, ae, f. Island. In-super. Moreover. In-tactus, a, um. Unharmed. Integer, gra, grum. Whole, entire, unhurt ; just, impartial, neutral. Integritas, atis, f. (integer). Inte- grity, probity, honesty. Intelligentia, ae, f. (intelligo). Intel- ligence, discernment, understand- ing. Intelligo, ere, lexi, lectum. To un- derstand, perceive, know. Inter, prep, with ace. Between, among, in the midst of. Intercipio, Zre, cepi, ceptum, (inter, capio). To catch ; intercept, take from. Intercludo, &rc, clusi, clusum, (inter, claudo). To prevent, cut off. Inter-d,um, adv. Sometimes. Inter-ea, adv. In the mean time. Inter-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, itum. To perish. 295. Inter-est, impers. It concerns, it is important. Tnterfector, dris, m. (interficio), Murderer. I Interficio, Zre, fed, fectum, (inter, facio). To kill, slay. Interim, adv. In the mean time, meanwhile. Interimo, ere, emi, emptum, (inter, emo). To deprive of, to kill. Interior, ius. Interior, inland. 166. Interitus, us, m. (intereo). Destruc- tion. Interjitio* ere, jeci, jectum, (inter, jacio). To place between ; anno inter je&o, at the expiration of a year. Internecio, onis, f. Slaughter. Inter-nuncius or internuntius, ii, m. Messenger. Interregnum^ i, n. An interreign, interregnum. In-territus, a, um. Fearless, undis- mayed. Inter-rvgo, are, avi, atum. To ask, question. Inter-rumpo, Zre, rupi, ruptum. To break down, interrupt. Inter-sero, Sre, serui, sertum. To al- lege, interpose. Inter-sum, esse,fui. To be present at, take part in. Inter-venio, Ire, veni, ventum. To intervene, occur. Intestinus, a, um. Intestine, civil. Intra, adv., and prep, with ace. Within. Intro, are, avi, atum. To enter. Intro-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, Itum. To en- ter. 295. In-tuor, fueri, tuitus sum. To look at, observe. Intus, adv. Within. In-usitdtus, a, um. Unusual, extra- ordinary. In-utilis, e. Useless. 174 LATIN HEADER. [iNVADd In-vado, ere, vtisi, vdsum. To in- vade, seize. In-venio, ire, vgni, ventum. To find, invent, devise, meet with. Inveutrix, ids, f. (inventor). In- ventress. In-vlcem, adv. By turns, one an- other. In-victus, a, urn. Unconquered, in- vincible. In-video, ere, vldi, vlsum. To envy. Invidia, ae, f. Envy, hatred. Invims, a, um. Odious, hateful. Invlto, are, avi, dtum. To invite, allure. Invitus, a, um. Unwilling. Ionia, ae, f. Ionia, a country in the western part of Asia Minor, (224). Idnes, um, m. pi. The lonians. Iphicrates, is, m. Iphicrates, a cele- brated Athenian general. He rose from an humble station to the highest offices of state, (49). Ipse, a, um. Self, himself, herself, itself. Ira, ae, f. Anger. Irascor, irasci, iratus sum, dep. To be angry, be in a rage. Iratus, a, um, (irascor). Enraged, angry, angered. Irreparabilis, e. Irrecoverable. Irrideo, ere, rlsi, r'isum, (in, rideo). To ridicule, laugh at, laugh. Irrlto, are, avi, atum. To provoke, irritate, incite. Irrumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum, (in, rumpo). To rush into, make an incursion into. 7s-, ea, id. He, she, it, that, such. Isocrates, is, m. Isocrates, a famous orator and teacher of rhetoric at Athens, (45). Iste, a, ud. That, such; sometimes used in contempt. Ister, tri, m. The river Danube. This name is applied to the lower part of the river, the upper part taking the name Danubius, (215). Ita, adv. Thus, so ; to such an ex- tent. Italia, ae, f. Italy, (180). Italicus or Italus, a, um. Italian ; subs. Italus, i, m., an Italian, (148). Itd-que, adv. Therefore, and thus, accordingly. Her, itineris, n. Way, march, route, road. Iterum, adv. Again, a second time. Jaceo, ere, ui, itum. To lie. Jacio, ere, jcci, jacium. To throw, hurl ; also, to lay, place, erect. Jaculum, i, n. (jacio). Dart, javelin. Jam, adv. Now, already. Janiculum, i, n. Janiculum, a hill on the west side of the Tiber, not ore of the seven hills of Rome, though included within the wall built by Aurelian in the third century, (148). Jocus, i, m., also in the p\.joca,jo- corum. Joke, jest. 141. Jubeo, ere, jussi, jussum. To order, direct. Jucundus, a, um. Pleasing, pleasant, delightful. Judaea, ae, f. Judea, (206). Judaeus, a, um. ' Jewish ; subs. Ju- daeus, i, m., a Jew, (206). Judex, icis } m. and f. ( judlco). Judge, arbiter. LASSITUDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 175 Judicium, ii, n. (judex). Judgment, decision, trial. Juiico, are, avi, atum. To judge. Juyum, i, n. Yoke. Julius, ii, m. See Caesar. Jungo, tre, junxi, junctum. To join, unite ; sodetdtem jungcrc, to form a partnership. Junior, lus, (juvenis). Younger. 168, 3. Junius, ii, m. Junius, a Roman name ; as Caius Junius, consul and dictator, (20, 7). See Brutw. Jupiter, Jovis, m. Jupiter, king of the gods. 66, 3. Juro, are, avi, dtum. To take oath, swear. Jus, juris, n. Right, justice, autho- rity, control; jure, with or by right, justly, properly. Jusiitia, ae, f. (Justus). Justice. Justus, a, um, (jus). Just. Juvenca, ae, f. Heifer, cow. Juvencus, i, m. A young bullock. Juvenis, e. Young ; subs, a youth. 168, 3. Juventus, utis, f. (juvenis). Youth ; the period of youth. Juvo, are, juvi, jutum. To help, aid, assist, support. L. An abbreviation of Lucius. Labienus, i, m. Labienus, a Roman name. Titus Labienus, the legate of Caesar in Gaul, (56, 14). Labor, oris, m. Labor, work. Labdro, are, avi, atum, (labor). To labor, strive, take pains ; toil ; suffer. Lac, lactis, n. Milk. Lacedaemon, onis, f. The city of Lacedaemon or Sparta, the capital of Laconia, (94). Lacedaemonius, a, um. Lacedaemo- nian or Spartan; subs. Lacedac- monius, ii, m., a Lacedaemonian or Spartan, (123). Laccsso, ere, Ivi or ii, Itum. To ex- cite, assail, provoke. Laconia or Laconica, ae, f. Laco- nia, a country of the Peloponnesus, (222). Laco or Lacon, onis, m. A Laconian. Lacrima or lacryma, ae, f. Tear. Lacrimo or lacrymo, are, avi, atum, (lacrima). To weep, shed tears. Lacus, us, m. Lake. 116, 4. Laelius, ii, m, Laelius, a Roman name. Caius Laelius, a celebrated Roman consul and augur, sur- named the Wise. He was the in- timate friend of Scipio Africanus the Younger, (65). Laetitia, ae, f. (laetus). Joy, glad- ness. Laetus, a, um. Glad, joyous, pleased. Laevlnus, i, m. Laevinus, a Roman name. Publius Valerius Laevinus, a Roman consul, (180). Marcus Valerius Laevinus, also a Roman consul and a distinguished com- mander, (193). Laevus, a, um. Left, on the left hand. LamacJius, i, m. Lamachus, an Athenian general in the Sicilian expedition, (223). Lamia, ae, m. Lamia, a Roman surname, (71). Lanio, are, avi, atum. To tear in pieces. Lassitudo, inis, f. Fatigue, weari- ness. 176 LATIN READER. [LATEBRA Laltbra, ae, f. Retreat, hiding-place, pretence. Latlne, adv. (Latinus). la Latin. Latinus, i, m. Latinus, an ancient king of the Laurentians in Italy, (149). Latium, ii, n. Latium, a country of Italy containing Rome, (16V). Latinus, a, um, adj. Latin; subs. Latinus, i, m., an inhabitant of Latium, a Latin ; pi. the Latins, (161). Latro, onis, m. Robber. Latus, a, um. Broad, wide. Latus, eris, n. Side. Laudabilis, e, (laudo). Praiseworthy, laudable. Laudo, are, dvi, alum, (laus). To praise. Laurentia, ae, f. See Acca. Laus, laudis, f. Praise. Lavinia, ae, f. Lavinia, daughter of Latinus and wife of Aeneas, (149). Lavinium, ii, n. Lavinium, a town in Latium, a few miles south of Rome, founded by Aeneas, and named by him after his wife Lavi- nia, (149). Laxo, are, avi, Cttum. To relax, loosen. Lecttto, are, avi, atum, (lego). To read often, with eagerness, to read. 332, 1. 2. Lectus, a, um, (lego). Choice, ex- i cellent. Legaiio, onis, f. Legation, embassy. Legalus, i, m. Ambassador, lieuten- ant, messenger. Lcgio, onis, f. Legion, a body of soldiers. Lego, are, avi, atum, (lex). To be- queathe as a legacy. Lego, Zre, Icgi, lectum. To choose, elect; read. Lentulus, i, m. Lentulus, a surname of a distinguished Roman family. Publlus Cornelius Lentulus, a con- spirator with Catiline, (97, 15). Leo, Onis, m. Lion. Leomdas, ae, m. Leonidas, a Spar- tan king who fell at Thermopylae, (124). Lepidus, i, m. Lepidus, one of the triumvirs with Octavianus and Antony, (83, 212). Lesbos or Lesbus, i, f. Lesbos, a celebrated island in the Aegean Sea, (49, 12). Letalis, e, (letum). Deadly, mortal. Letum, i, n. Death. Leuctra, orum, n. pi. Leuctra, a small town in Boeotia, celebrated for the victory of Epaminondas over the Lacedaemonians, (229). Leuctricus, a, um. Of or belonging to Leuctra ; Leuctrian, (230). Levis, e. Light, easy. Leviter, ius, issime, adv. (levis). Lightly, slightly. Lex, legis, f. Law, condition, terms. Liber, bri, m. Book. Liber, era, erum. Free. Liberi t orum, m. pi. Children. Libvro, fire, avi, atum, (liber). To liberate, free. Libertas, atis, f. (liber). Liberty, freedom. Licet, impers. It is lawful, is per* mitted. Licet, conj. Although, though. lAcinius, ii, m. Licinius, a Roman name. Publius Licinius, a Roman consul and commander in the war with Perseus, (198). Marcus Li- MAGNIFICE] LATm-ENGLTSH VOCABULARY. 177 cmius Crassus, proconsul in the war of the gladiators, (204). Ligneus, a, um. Wooden, of wood. Ligures, um, m. pi. The Ligurians, inhabitants of Liguria in the west- ern part of Italy, (190). Lilybaeum, i, n. Lilybaeum, a pro- montory on the southwestern coast of Sicily, (188). Lis, litis, f. Strife, quarrel, lawsuit. Litterae, arum, f. pi. Letter, letters ; literature. 132. Litus, oris, n. Shore, sea-shore. Locupleto, are, am, atum. To en- rich, make rich. Locus, i, m., pi. loci or loca, n. Place. 141. Longe, ius, issime, adv. (longus). Much, greatly, by far. Longinquus, a, um. Remote, dis- tant, long. Longitudo, mis, f. (longus). Length. Longus, a, um. Long. Loquor, loqui, locutus sum. To speak, converse. Lorlca, ae, f. Coat-of-mail. Lucius, ii, m. Lucius, a name com- mon among the Romans ; as, Lu- cius Tarquinius Priscus, (162). Lucretius, ii, m. Lucretius, a Ro- man name. Spurius Lucretius, the colleague of Publicola in the consulship, (170). Lucrum, ?, n. Gain, profit, advan- tage. Lucus, i, m. Groye. Ludus, i, m. Game, play, sport, school. Lugeo, Ire, luxi. To grieve, mourn, weep for. Lumen, mis, n. A light ; the eye. Luna, ae, f. Moon. Luo, ere, lui, luitum or lutum. To pay ; expiate, atone for. Lupa, ae, f. A she-wolf. Lupus, i, m. A wolf. Lustratio, onis, f. (lustro). Expi- atory sacrifice; review attended with sacrifices. Lustro, are, avi, atum. To purify, review. Lusus, us, m. Play, game; jest, sport, fun. Lutatius, ii, m. See Catalus. Lux, lucis, f. Light, light of day. Luxuria, ae, f. Luxury, excess. Lycurgus, i, m. Lycurgus, the cele- brated law-giver of Sparta, (95). Lydia, ae, f. Lydia, a country in Asia Minor, (225). Lydus, a, um. Lydian, pertaining to Lydia ; subs, a Lydian, (33). Lysander, dri, m. Lysander, a ce- lebrated Spartan general, (225). M N. An abbreviation of Marcus. Macedonia, ae, f. Macedonia, Ma- cedon, a country north of Thes- saly, (193). Macedo, onis, m. A Macedonian, (230). Macedonicus, a, um, adj. Macedo- nian, (197). Magis, comp. adv. More. Sec tho superlative, maxime. Magister, tri, m. Master, leader, teacher. Magistra, ae, f. Instructress, teacher. Magistratus, us, m. Magistracy, magistrate. Magnifice, centius, centissimc, adv. (magnif icus). Magnificently, splen- didly. 305. 178 LATIN READER. [MAGXIFICE.VTER Magnificenter, ins, issime, adv.= magnifies. Magnificentia, ae, f. (raagnificus). Magnificence, costliness. Magnificus, a, um ; comp. magnifi- centior, superl. magnificcntissimus. Splendid ; stately ; high-minded, magnificent. 164. Magnitude, inis, (niagnus). Great- ness, size. Magnopere, adv. (magnus, opus). Greatly* earnestly. Magnus, a, um ; comp. major, su- perl. maximw. Great, large ; in comp. and superl. sometimes older, oldest, elder, eldest: ma- jores, forefathers, ancestors ; ma- jor es natu, elders. 165. Magus, i, m. Generally plur. Magi, oru/n. A wise man, particularly among the Persians. Majestas, atis, f. Majesty, dignity. Major. See magnus. Male, comp. pejus, superl. pessime, adv. (malus). Badly, with ill success. 305. Male-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To speak evil of, revile, abuse, rail at. Maleflcus, a t um, (male, facio.) Evil-doing, vicious, wicked, hurt- ful. 164. Malo, malle, malui, irregular. To prefer. 293. Malum, i, a. Misfortune, evil. Malus, a, um; comp. pejor, superl. pessimus. Bad, poor, wicked. 165. Manclnus, i, m. Mancinus, a Ro- man consul in the war with the Kumantians, (201). Mando, are, am, atum. To bid, en- join, intrust. Maneo, ere, mansi, mansum. Ta remain. Manifesto, arc, avi, atum. To show, manifest. Manius, ii, m. Manius, a Roman name ; as, Manius Manlius. Manlius, ii, m % Manlius, a Roman name. Manius Manlius, a Roman consul in the third Punic war, (199). Titus Manliua, a Roman youth, surnamed Torquatw for his achievements in the Gallic war, (177). Mantinea, ac, f. A city of Arcadia, in the Peloponnesus, (142). Manumitto, ere, mm", missum, (ma- nus, mitto). To release from one's power, emancipate, make free. Manus, us, f. Hand ; force. Marathon, onis, m. Marathon, a town and plain in Attica, cele- brated for the victory of Miltiades over the Persians, (216). Marathonius, a, ^^m. Marathonian ; of or belonging to Marathon, (97). Marcius, ii, m. Marcius, a Roman name. See Ancus, Censorlnus. Marcellus, i, m. Roman gen'l, (193), Marcus, i, m. Marcus, a Roman name, (186). Mardonius, ii, in. Mardonius, a Per- sian general, defeated by Pausa- nias in the battle of Plataea, (221). Mare, is, n. Sea. Marinus, a, um, (mare). Marine, of the sea, from or by the sea. Marius, ii, m. Marius, a Roman name. Cairn Marius, a distin- guished Roman general, the con- queror of Jugurtha, and leader in the civil war against Sulla. He was consul seven times, (202). MEUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 179 Mars, Martls, m. Mars, the god of war; sometimes put for war it- self, (152, 226). Massa, ae, f. Mass, lump. Mater, Iris, f. Mother. Materia, ae, f., or materics, li, Material. Matricidium, ii, n. Matricide. Matrimonium, ii, n. Marriage. Matrona, ae, f. Matron. Maxime, adv. Especially, in the highest degree. See magis. Maximus, a, um ; superlative of magnus. Greatest. Maximum, i, m. Maximus, a Roman surname ; as, Quintus Fabius Max- imus, the famous dictator in the second Punic war, (175), Medwus, i, m. Physician. Medius, a, um. Middle, midst of, middle of. 441, 6. Medius, ii, m. Medius, a Thessalian, friend of Alexander the Great, ' (243). Medw, a,um. Median, Assyrian,(5 3). Mehercule, adv. By Hercules, truly, indeed. Mel, mellis, n. Honey. Melior, ius. Better. See bonus. Membrum, i, n. Member, limb. Memini, isti, defect. To remember. 297. Manor, oris. Mindful, endowed with memory, remembering read- ily, remembering. Memorabilis, e. Memorable. Memoria, ae, f. Memory, recol- lection. Memphis, is, f. Memphis, a city of Egypt, (239). Menander, dri, m. Menander, a Roman name, (67). Mendacium, ii, n. Untruth, false- hood, lie. Menenius, ii, m. See Agrippa. Mem, mentis, f. Mind, reason. Mensis, is, m. Month. Mentio, onis, f. Mention. Mentior, iri, lius sum, dep. To speak falsely, lie, cheat, deceive. Merces, edis, f. (mereo). Reward, price, wages. Mercor, dri, aius sum, dep. To trade, buy, purchase. Mercurius, ii, m. Mercury, the son of Jupiter and Maia, the god of eloquence, and the messenger of the gods, (19). Mereo, Ire, ui, ilum. To deserve, merit. Mereor, Iri, itus sum, dep. To de- serve, earn, merit. Mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To merge, sink ; destroy. Merito, adv. (mentum). With good reason, with reason, deserv- edly. Meritum, i, n. Reward, merit. Merum, i, n. Wine, pure wine. Mesopotamia, ae, f. Mesopotamia, a country of Asia, between the Eu- phrates and Tigris, (24, 10). Metallum, i, n. Metal, mine. Metellus, i, m. Metellus, a Roman name; as, Metellus Pius, (138). Melior, iri, mensus sum, dep. To measure, estimate. Metius, ii, m. See Suffetius. Meto, ere, messui, messum. To reap, 1 mow. Meluo, ere, ui. To fear. Metus, us, m. Fear, dread. Meus, a, um, voc. sing. masc. mi. My, mine. 185. 180 LATIK HEADER. [MlGRO Migro, clre, avi, atum. To migrate, remove. Miles, itis, m. Soldier. Militaris, e, (miles). Military. Militia, ae, f. (miles). Warfare, mi- litary service, military affairs. NilUo, are, avi, atum, (miles). To serve as a soldier, to serve. Mille, subs, and adj. Thousand; millia, subs., a thousand, a thou- sand men. Milliarium, ii, n. Milestone, mile. Miltiades, is, m.- Miltiades, a cele- brated Athenian general, con- queror at Marathon, (39, IV.) Minerva, ae, f. Goddess of wisdom, (22). Minime, adv. Least. See parum. Mimmus, a, um, (parvus). Smallest, least. Mimtor, ari, atus sum, dep. To threaten, menace. Minor, oris. See Armenia. Minor, us, (parvus). Smaller, less. Minuo, 8re, ui, utum. To lessen, diminish. Minus, adv. Less. See parum. Mirabilis, e, (miror). Wonderful. Mirificus, a, um, (mirus, facio). Causing wonder, wonderful, mar- vellous. Miror, ari, alus sum, dep. To won- der, admire. Mirus, a, um. Wonderful, sur- prising. Miser, era, Zrum. Unfortunate, un- happy, worthless, miserable, sad. Misereo, ere, ui, itum. To pity ; of- ten impersonal ; mistret me, I pity. Misereor, eri, miscrtus or miseritus sum, dep. To pity. Miseria, ae, f. (miser). Misery, affliction. Misericordia, ae, f. Compassion. Mithridates, is, m. Mithridates, a celebrated king of Pontus, (202). Mithridaticus, a, um. Mithridatic ; of or belonging to Mithridates, (202). Mitts, c. Mild, gentle, placid. Mitto, $re, misi, missum. To send. Moderate, ius, issime, adv. (modera- tus). With moderation. Moderatio, onis, f. Moderation, self- control. Moderatus, a, um. Discreet, mod- erate. Modius (or um, n.), ii, m. Measure, a little more than a peck. Modo, adv. Now, only, but, pro- vided that; modo modo, some- times sometimes. Modus, i, m. Manner, measure, limits. Moenia, ium, n. pi. Walls of a city, city. Moles, is, f. Mole, dam. Molestus, , um. Unwelcome, irk- some, oppressive, troublesome, painful. Molitio, Onis, f. Undertaking, pre- paration. Mollio, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To soften. Momentum, i, n. Weight, influ- ence. Moneo, ere, ui, itum. To advise, warn, admonish. Monitus, us, m. (moneo). Advice. Mons, montis, m. Mountain, mount Monstro, are, am, atum. To show. Mora, ac, f. Delay. Morbits, i, m. Disease. NATU] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 181 Morior, iri or i, mortuus sum, dep. To die. 282. Moror, dri, dtus sum, dep. (mora). To delay, tarry. Mors, mortis, f. Death. Morsus, us, m. Bite. Mortcdis, e. Mortal, deadly ; subs. mortal, man. Mor lifer, era, Zrum, (mors and fero). Deadly, mortal. Mos, moris, m. Custom, manner; pi. character, morals. Motus, us, m. Motion ; commotion, revolt. Moveo, ere, movi, motum. To move, excite. Mox, adv. Presently, soon. Mucius, ii, m. Mucius, a Roman name. Mucius Scaevola, a Roman youth who attempted to assassi- nate Porsena, (172). Mucro, onis, m. Point of sword, sword. Muliebris, e, (rnulier). Belonging to women, womanly, woman's. Mulier, eris, f. Woman. Multitiido, mis, f. (multus). Mul- ' titude. Multo, are, avi, atum. To punish, deprive of by way of punishment ; to fine. Mulio, adv. (multus). By far, much. Multus, a, um ; comp. plus, n., su- perl. plurlmus. Much, many. 165. Mundus, i, m. World, universe. Munia, mm, n. pi. Duties, func- tions of office. Munifaentia, ae, f. Munificence, be- neficence. Munimentum, i, n. Fortification, defence, covering. Munio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To for- tify, defend. Munitio, Cnis, f. Fortification, rampart. Munitus, a, un, part, (munio). Fortified. Munus, eru, n. Reward, present; service, office. Munyckia, ae, f. The Athenian harbor Munychia and the hill which rises above it, (228). Murus, i, m. Wall. Mus, muris, m. Mouse. Mutatio, onis, f. (muto). Change. Muto, are, avi, cltum. To change, alter. Muiuus, a, um. Mutual. Mycale, es, f. Mycale, a high pro- montory or mountain of Ionia, in Asia Minor, (221). Myndii, drum, m. pi. Myndians, in- habitants of Myndus, (135). Myndus or os, i, f. Myndus, a city of Caria, in Asia Minor, now Men- dcs, (135). N Nam, conj. For. Nam-que, conj. For, but. Nanciscor, nancisci, nadus sum, dep. To obtain, take advantage of. Narro, are, avi, atum. To relate, narrate. Nascor, nasci, natus < sum, dep. To be born, be produced, to arise. Natalis, e, (nascor). Of or belong- ing to one's birth, natal; natali* dies, birth-day. Natio, onis, f. Nation, people. Natu, defective, abl. sing, (nascor). By birth, in age : matfimus natu, eldest. 134. 182 LATIN READER. [NATUKA Natura, ae, f. Nature, creation. Natus, a, um, part, (nascor). Born, having been bora. Naturdlis, e, (natura). Fatuml. Naufrafiium, ii, n. (navis, franco). Shipwreck. Nauiius ii, m. Nautili*;, a. Roman name ; as, Cains Nautius, the con- sul, (19, 11). Navalis, e, (navis). Naval. Navigatio, onis, f. Navigation, sail- ing. Navigo, are, avi, atum. To sail, sail upon, navigate. Navis, is, f. Ship. Ne, adv., and conj. used with im- perative and subj. Not, that not, lest ; after verbs of fearing, that, lest; nequidem, or ne quidem. not even. We, interrog. particle. 346, II. 1. Nee or neque, adv. and conj. Nei- ther, nor; and not, not; nee nee, neque neque, neither nor. Necessarius, a, urn. Necessary. Necesse, adj. neut. used chiefly in this form. Necessary, inevitable. Neco, are, am, atum. To slay, kill. Negligens, entis, (negligo). Negli- gent, neglectful. Negligo, ere, lexi, lectum. To neg lect, disregard. Nego, are, am, atum. To deny, re- fuse. Negotium, ii, n. Business, diffi- culty ; undertaking, work, enter- prise. Nemo, (mis, gen. not in good use). No one, nobody. Nepos, otis, m. Grandson. Neptunus, *, m. Neptune, the god of tho sea, (155), Neque. See Nee. Ncqueo, ire, vvi, or ii, itum, irreg. like eo. To be unable, not to be able. 296. Nequidem. See Ne. Nequis or ne quis, qua, quod, 01 quid. That no one. Nervii, drum, m. Nervians, a people ofBelgicGaul, (28). Nescio, Ire, Ivi or ii, itum, (ne, scio). To be ignorant, not to know. Nescius, a, urn, (nescio). Ignorant, unknown. Nicias, ae, m. Nicias, an Athenian statesman and general, (223). Nicomcdes, is, m. Nicomedes, king ofBithynia, (43). Niger, gra, grum. Dark, black, dusky. Nigrans, antis. Black, dusky. Nihil, n. indec. Nothing ; adv. not, in nothing. 128. Nihilum, i, n. Nothing. Nilus, i, m. The river Nile in Egypt, (211). Nimis, adv. Exceedingly, too much. Nimius, a, um. Excessive, too much, too great. Nisi, conj. Unless, if not, except. Niieo, nitere, nitui, (nix). To shine, glitter, glisten. Nitor, niti, nisus or nixus sum, dep. To strive, attempt ; to depend or rely upon. Nix, nivis, f. Snow. Nobilis, e. Noble, famous. Nobilitas, atis, f. (nobilis). Fame, nobleness ; nobility, nobles. Nobillto, are, dvi, atum, (nobilis). To render famous ; to ennoble ; improve. NTSAJ LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 183 Noceo, ere, ui, ilum. To hurt, harm, injure. Noctu, abl. By night. Nocturnus, a, urn. Nocturnal, oc- curring at night. Nolo, nolle, nolui, irreg. To be un- willing. 293. Nomen, \nis, n. Name. Nomino, are, am, atum, (nomen). To name, call. Non, adv. Not ; nonnisi, only. Nonagesimus, a, um. Ninetieth. Nonaginta, indec. Ninety. Non-dum, adv. Not yet. Nonne, interrog. particle. Whether, expecting answer yes. 346, II. 1. Nonnullus, a, um, (declined like nullus). Some. Nonus, a, um. Ninth. Nosco, ere, novi, notum. To know, understand, learn. Nosier, tra, trum. pron. Our. Notitia, ae, f. (notus). Celebrity, note; acquaintance, knowledge. Notus, a, um. part, (nosco). Known. Novem, indecl. Nine. Noverca, ae, f. Step-mother. Novo, are, avi, atum, (novus). To renew, change; revolutionize. Novus, a, um. New; novae res, revolution. Nox, noctis, f. Night. Nubes, is, f. Cloud. Nubo, ere, nupsi, nuptum. To veil one's self, to marry, applied to the bride as she was covered with a veil. Nudus, a, um. Naked, uncovered, destitute of. Nullus, a, um. No one, no. 149. Num, interrog. particle. Whether^ 9 used both in direct and in indirect questions. See 346, II. 1. Numa, ae, m. Numa.M*ma Pom- pilius, the second king of Home, (159). Numantia, ae, f. Numantia, a city of Spain, (201). Numantlni, drum, m. pi. Numan- tians, the inhabitants of Numan- tia, (201). Numen, inis, n. A god, deity. Numero, are, avi, atum, (numerus). To count, reckon, number. Numerus, i, m. Number, quan- tity. Numida, ae, m. A Numidian, in' habitant of Numidia in Africa, (48). Numltor, oris, m. Numitor, a king of Alba, grandfather of Romulus and Remus, (154). **Nummus, i, m. Money, a piece of money, a coin. Nunc. Now. Nuncupo, arc, am, atum. To call, name. Nunquam. Never. Nuntio (or do), are, avi, atum, (nun- tius). To announce, relate. Nuntius, ii, m. Message, news, mes- senger. Nuptiae, arum, f. pi. Marriage, nuptials. Nutrio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To nourish, support. Nutrix, icis, f. Nurse. Nympha, ae, f. Nymph, spouse. Nysa, ae, f. Nysa, a city in India, (242). 184: LATIN READEK. [0 0. 0, interj. ! 06, prep, with ace. On account of, for. Ob-duco, Vre, duxi, ducium. To draw over, overspread, cover. Obedio, lre y ivi or ii t Hum. To obey, serve ; be subject to. Ob-eo, ire, Ivi or w, Itum. To meet ; die. 295. Objecto, are, avi, dtum, (objicio). To expose, set forth; endanger. 332, I. 2. Objicio, ere, jcci, jectum, (ob, jacio). To expose, offer, present. Oblecto, are, avi, alum. To delight, divert, please. Ob-ligo, are, avi, dtum. To bind, oblige, put under obligation. Oblitus, a, um, part, (obliviscor). Having forgotten, forgetful. Oblivio, onis, f. (obliviscor). For- getfulness, oblivion. Obliviscor, oblivisci, oblltussum, dep. To forget. Ob-ruo, ere, rui, rutum. To destroy, overwhelm. Obscurus, a, urn. Obscure, hidden ; mean. Obsecro, are, avi, dtum, (ob, sacro). To beseech, implore. Obses, idis, m. and f. Hostage. Obsideo, Ire, sGdi, sessum, (ob, se- deo). To besiege, invest. Obsidio, onis, f. (obsideo). Siege, blockade. Ob-sum, obesse, obfui. To be hurt- ful, be injurious, to injure. Ob-sto, stare, sfiti, statum. To op- pose, prevent Obtemperatio, onis, f. Submission, obedience. Ob-tero, re, trlvi, trltum. To crush, wear down. Obtineo, ere, tmui, tentum, (ob, teneo). To obtain, hold, prevail. Obtingo, Zre, ttgi, tactum, (ob, tan- go). To befall, happen to. Ob-truncOy are, avi, atum. To slaugh- ter. Occaeco, are, dvi, atum, (ob, caeco). To darken, obscure, blind, dazzle. Occasio, onis, f. Opportunity, oc- casion. Occdsus, us, m. The setting of the heavenly bodies; setting, even- ing; the west. Oc-cido, ere, cidi, casum, (ob, cado). To fall down, fall; to set; to perish, die, be ruined. Occido, Zre, ddi y clsum, (ob, eaedo). To kill, slay. Occulte, ius, isslme, adv. (occultus). In secret, secretly. Occultus, a, um. Secret, hidden; reserved, dissembling. Occupo, are, avi, alum. To occupy,, take possession of. Occurro, ere, curri (cucurri), cur- sum, (ob, curro). To meet, at- tack. 254, 5. Oceanus, i, m. Ocean. Octavi&nus, i, m. (Caesar). Octa- vianus, the first Roman emperor,, usually called Augustus after his victory at Actium, (213). Octdvus, a, um, (octo). Eighth. Octingenti, ae, a. Eight hundred. Octo, indecL Eight. Octogestmus, a, um. The eightieth. Octoginta, indec. (octo). Eighty. Oculus, i, m. Eye. ORESTES] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 185 Odi, odissc, defect. To hate; dis- like. 297. Odium, ii, n. Hatred, enmity. Oenomaus, i, m. Oenomaus, a cele- brated gladiator, (204). 0/endo, ere, fendi, fensum. To offend, injure. Offeiisus, a, urn, (offendo). Offend- ed, hostile. Offero, ferre, obtuli, oblatum, (ob, fero). To offer, show ; se offerre, to present one's self, to offer one's self, sometimes as an antago- nist, to oppose ; expose one's self. OJficium, ii, n. Office, duty, kind- ness, kind office. Olim, adv. Formerly. Olympiacus, Olympicus or Olym- pius, a, urn. Olympic, (134). Olynthus, i, f. Olynthus, a city of Thrace. Olynthii, vrum, m. pi. The Olyn- thians, (231). Omen, \nis, n. Omen, sign. Omitto, re, mlsi, missum, (ob, mit- to). To let go, omit, neglect, dis- regard. Omnis, e. All, every, whole. Oneraria, ae, f. (onus). Ship of burden. OnSro, are, avi, atum, (onus). To burden, load, oppress. Onustus, a, um, (onus). Laden, full of. Opera, ae, f. Pains, work, labor; care, attention; means. Oplmus, a, um. Rich, fertile. Oportet, impers. * It behooves, one ought. 299. Opperior, opperlri, oppertus or op- peritus sum, dep. To wait for, await. Oppidanus^ a, um, (oppidum). In- habitant of a town, citizen. Oppidum, i, n. Town, city. Opportunitas, atis, f. (opportfinus). Opportunity, fitness. Opportunus, a, um. Suitable, fit. Opprimo, ere, pressi, pressum, (ob, premo). To put down, defeat, overcome ; suppress ; oppress. Oppugno, are, avi, atum, (ob, pug- no). To attack, storm, take by storm. ( Ops), opis, f., nom. sing, not used. Power, resources, wealth, force, aid. Optabilis, e, (opto). Wished for, desirable. Optlmus, a, um, superl. (bonus). Best, most excellent. Optio, onis, f. Choice, option. Opto, are, avi, atum. To wish, de- sire; ask. Opulens, entis, or opulentus, a, um, adj. Wealthy, rich. Opus, eris, n. Work. Opus, nom. and accus. Need, ne- cessary thing, necessary. Ora, ae, f. The shore, coast. Oraculum, /, n. Response, ora- cle. Oratio, onis, f. (oro). Oration, speech, language. Orator, dm, m. (oro). Orator, mes- senger. Orbis, is, m. Circle, world; orbis terrarum, the world. Ordino, are, avi, atum, (ordo). To arrange, establish. Ordo, Inis, m. Row, rank, order; bank as of oars ; extra ordmem, out of the common course. Orestes, is, and ae, m. Orestes, sou 186 LATIN KEADKK. [OKI ENS of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, (43). Oriens, entis, (orior). Rising ; the morning, the east, the countries of the east, the Orient, (213). Origo, inis, f. Origin, source. Orior, oriri, ortus sum, dep. partly of 3d conj. To rise, appear, dawn. 286, 2. Ornamentum, i, n. Equipage, or- nament, jewel. Orno, are, avi, alum. To adorn, equip. Oro, are, avi, alum. To beg, ask, speak. Ortus, us, m. (orior). A rising; place of rising, the east; birth; beginning. Ox, ossis, n. Bone, Oscular, ari, dtus sum. To kiss. Ostendo, ere, di, sum or turn. To show. Osientum, i, n. (ostendo). Pro- digy. Ostia, ae, f. Ostia, a town in La- tium at the mouth of the Tiber, (161). Ostium, ii, n. Mouth, door. Otium, ii, n. Leisure, rest, ease, idleness. Ovis, is, f. Sheep. Ovum, i, n. Egg. P. P. An abbreviation of Publius. Paco, are, avi, atum (pax). To sub- due. Padum, i, n. Bargain, contract; abl. pacto, way, manner. Padus, i, m. The river Po in Italy, (55). Paene, adv. Almost. Palam, adv. Openly. Palatium, ii, n. Palace. Pallium, ii, n. Cloak, coat, gar- ment. Pango, ere, pepigi, pactum. To con' traci, ratify. Papirius, ii, n. See Cursor. Par, parts, adj. Equal, a match for, competent for. Pardtus, a, um, (paro). Prepared, ready. Parco, Zrc, peperci or parsi, par- sum. To spare. Parens, entis, m. and f. Parent. Parento, are, avi, alum, (parens). To sacrifice in honor of parents or friends. Pareo, ere, ui, itum. To obey, be subject to. Pario, ere, peperi, partum. To bear, bring forth, produce, lay, accomplish, procure. Paro, are, avi, atum. To prepare, equip. Pars, partis, f. Part, portion ; party. Parsimonia, ae, f. Frugality, par- simony. Particeps, participis, (pars, capio). Sharing, partaking, participant. Partim. Partly, hi part ; partim partim, some others, either or. Partior, iri, Itus sum, dep. To di- vide, share. Parum, comp. minus, superl. mi- riime, adv. Too little, little, not enough. 305. Parvus, a, um, comp. minor, su- perl. minimus. Small, little, un- important. Pasco, $re, pavi, pastum. To feed, graze. PERDUCO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 187 Pascor, pasci, pastus sum, dep. To feed, graze, graze upon. Passer, eris, m. Sparrow. Passus, us, m. Pace ; milk passus, a mile. Pastor, oris, m. (pasco). Shepherd. Patefacio, ere, fed, factum, (pateo, facio). To disclose, lay open, open. Pateo, ere, ui. To lie open, be ex- posed. Pater, tris, m, Father, sometimes senator. Paternus, a, um, (pater). Paternal. Patior, pati, passus sum, dep. To permit, keep, endure. Patria, ae, f. Country, native country. Patrimonium, ii, n. Estate, patri- mony. Patrius, a, um, (pater). Fatherly. Patruus, i, m. Uncle by the father's side, paternal uncle. Pauci, ae, a. Few. Pauldtim, adv. By degrees, grad- ually. Paulus or Paullus, i, m. Paulus, a surname in the Aemilian gens or tribe. Lucius Aemilius Paulus, the name of two Roman consuls, one of whom fell in the battle of Cannae, (191) ; the other conquer- ed Perseus at Pydna, (198). Paulo, adv. (paulus). A little, by a little. Paulus, a, um. Little, small. Pauper, eris. Poor, without means ; scanty, meagre. Pausanias, ae, m. Pausanias, the leader of the Spartans in the bat- tle of Plataea, (22 1). Pax,pacis, f. Peac. Pecius, oris, n. Breast. Pccunia, ac, f. Money, sum of money. Pccus, oris, n. Flock, herd, cattle. Pedes, Itis, m. Foot-soldier ; plur. infantry. Pedester, tris, ire. Pedestrian, on foot, on land ; pedestres copiae t infantry forces. Pellicio, ere, lexi, lectum. To allure, cajole. Pellis, is, f. Skin, hide. Pello, Zre, pepuli, pulsum. To drive. Pelopidas, ae, m. Pelopidas, a celebrated Theban general, (230). Penarius, a, um. Of or for provi- sions ; cella penaria, granary. Pendeo, ere, pependi. To hang, be suspended. Penetro, are, dvi, atum. To pen- etrate. Penitus, adv. Inwardly; fully, en- tirely. Per, prep, with ace. Through, by, during. Per-curro, ere, percucurri or per- curri, cur sum. To run through, pass over. Percussor, oris, m. Assassin, mur- derer. Perdiccas or Perdicca, ae, m. Per- diccas, one of the most distin- guished generals of Alexander the Great, (97). Perdttus, a, um, (perdo). Lost, abandoned, desperate. Per-do, ere, didi, ditum. To destroy, waste, lose. Per-duco, ere, duxi, ducium. To conduct, bring to, to extend, build, make. 188 LATIN READER. Perennis, e, (per, annus). Continual, perpetual. Per-eo, ire, Ivi or ii, lium. To per- ish. 295. Per-exiguus, a, urn. Very small, very little. Per-fero, ferre, tali, latum. To carry through; bear; suffer. tPerfidia, ae, f. Perfidy. Pergo, ere, rexi, rectum, (per, rego). To go on or to, persevere. Pericles, is, m. Pericles, a cele- brated Athenian orator and states- man, (222). Periculo&us, a, urn, (periculum). Dangerous. Periculum, i, n. Danger, peril. Perltus, a, um. Skilled in, skilful. Per-magnus, a, um. Very great. Per-mitlo, ere, mlsi, missum. To send ; grant, permit ; permittUur, impers., it is permitted. Per-multus, a, um. Very much, very many. Permutatio, onis, f. Exchange, barter. Per-paucus, a, um. Few, very few. Per-petro. Zre, avi, atum. To finish, achieve. Perpetuo, adv. (perpetuus). Con- stantly, ever. Perpetuus, a, um. Perpetual, con- stant. Persa, ae. or Perscs, ae, m. A Per- sian, (44, II. ; 126). Per-scquor, sequi, secutus sum, dep. To follow, pursue, carry on, pro- secute. Perseus, i, or Perses, ae, m. Per- seus or Perses, the last king of Macedonia, (198). Pcrsevcro, are, avi, alum. To per severe, persist. Persicus, a, um. Persian, (50, 13), Persona, ae, f. Part, character, person. Perspicio, ere, spexi, specium, (per, specio). To perceive. Per-stringo, ere, strinxi, stridum. To graze, wound slightly. Per-suadeo, ere, suasi, -suusum. To persuade. Per-terreo, Ire, ui, itum. To terrify greatly. Pertineo, ere, tinui, (per, teneo). To pertain to, tend. Per-turbo, are, avi, atum. To dis- turb, throw into confusion, route, embarrass. Per-utilis, e. Very useful. Per-venio, ire, vcni, ventum. To reach, come to. Perverse, adv. Perversely, wrongly. Pes, pedis, m. Foot. Peto, ere, Ivi or ii, Mum. To seek, ask ; aim at ; attack. Phavthon, ontis, m. Phaethon, fa- bled son of Helios the sun, (71). Phalerae, arum, f. pi. Trappings, ornaments for horses. Phalcrum, i, n. Phalerum, the oldest harbor of Athens ; often called Phalericus portus. Pharnaces, is, m. Pharnaces, sou of Mithridates, (205). Pharsalus, i, f. Pharsalus, a city in Thessaly, where Pompey was de- feated by Caesar, (210). The dis- trict was called Pharsalia. Philippi, Crum, m. pi. Philippi, a city in Macedonia, (213). Philippus, i, m. Philip, the name of several Macedonian kings, the POMPEIANUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 189 most celebrated of whom was the father of Alexander the Great, (140, 230). Philosophia, ae, f. Philosophy. Philosbphus, i, m. Philosopher. Phyle, es, f. Phyle, a castle in At- tica, (228). Picenum, i, n. Picenum, a district in the eastern part of Italy. Picenus, a, um, (Picenum). Of or belonging to Picenum, Picene, (23, 19). Pietas, atis, f. Dutiful conduct, sense of duty ; affection ; loyalty ; piety. Piget, ere, piguit or pigitum est, im- pers. It irks, grieves, displeases. 299. Pingo, ere, pinxi, pictum. To paint, depict. Piraeus, or Piraecus, i, m. The Piraeus, the celebrated port of Athens, (228). Pirata, ae, m. Pirate. Piscis, is, m. A fish. Pius, i, m. See Metellus Pius, (138). Placeo, ere, ui, itum. To please, be pleasing to ; be determined. Placldus, a, um, (placeo). Quiet, gentle. P'aco, are, avi, atum. To quiet, soothe, calm, appease. Plancus, i, m. Plancus, a Roman name, (42, 9). Plataeae, arum, f. pi. Plataea, a city in Boeotia, (221). Plalaeenscs, ium, m. pi. The Pla- taeans, the inhabitants of Plataea, (216). Plato, onis, m. Plato, one of the most celebrated Grecian philoso- phers, disciple of Socrates, and in- structor of Aristotle, (81). Plebs, bis, f. Common people, people. Plenus, a, um. Full, possessed of, rich in. Plerumque, adv. (plerusque). Com- monly, generally, frequently. Plerusque, aque, umque. Most, many. Plurimus. See Multus. Plus, adv. More. Plus, uris, n. adj. More, pi. many, several. See Multus. Poculum, i, n. Cup. Poema, atis, n. Poem. Poena, ae, f. Punishment. Poeriitet, ere, poenituit, impers. It causes regret ; pocmtet me, it causes me to repent, I repent, am sorry for, regret. Poenus, i, m. A Carthaginian, (185). Poeta, ae, m. Poet. Polliceor, eri, itus sum, dep. To promise, offer. Pollux, ucis, m. Pollux, a cele- brated pugilist, brother of Castor, (63, 9). See Castor. Polycrates, is, m. Polycrates, a ce- lebrated tyrant of Samos, (24, 12). Pompa, ae, f. Pomp, public proces- sion, procession. Pompeius, ii, m. Pompey, the name of a Roman gens. Cnaeus Pom- peius, a Roman consul and a dis- tinguished commander, defeated by Caesar at Pharsalia, (205). Quintuts Pompeius, also consul and commander, defeated in several engagements by the Numantines, (201). Pompeianus, a, um, adj. (Pompeius). 100 LATIN READER. [POMPILIUS Pompeian, of or belonging to Pom- pey, (211). PompU'MS, ii, m. See Numa. Pondus, eris, n. Weight. Pono, ere, posui, positum. To place, build, pitch. Pews, Pontis, m. Bridge. Pontius, ii, m. Pontius, a Roman name. Pontius Theleslnus, a gen- eral of the Samnites, ^who con- quered the Romans at the Caudine Forks, (179). Pontus y i, m. Pontus, a province in Asia Minor, south of the Black Sea, (202). Populatio, onis, f. (popiilo). Pillag- ing, booty ; people, population. Populo, are, avi, atum, (populus). To depopulate, devastate, pillage ; popular, dep. populo. Populus y i, m. People, nation, tribe. Porrigo, ere, rexi, rectum. To ex- tend, stretch. Porsena, ae, m. Porsena, a king of Etruria in Italy, (171). Porta, ae, f. Gate. Portendo, ere, tendi, tentum. To portend. Portio, onis, f. Portion, share. Portus, us, m. Port, harbor. Posco, ere, poposd. To demand, ask. Possessio, onis, f. (possideo). Pos- session. Possidco, Ire, scdi, sessum. To pos- sess. Possum, posse, potui, irreg. To be able. 289. Post, adv., and prep, with ace. Af- terwards, after, behind, since. Post-ea, adv. Afterwards. Posteritas, ails, f. (posterus). Pos- terity. Posterns, a, um ; comp. posterior, superl. postremus, postamus. Fol- lowing, ensuing ; posteri, pos- terity, descendants ; postrcmo, ad postremum, at last. 163, 3. Post-fero, ferre. To place after, esteem less ; sacrifice. Post-pono y ere, posui, positum. To put after, esteem less, postpone ; disregard, neglect. Post-quam, or post quam, conj. Af- ter, after that. Postremo, adv. (postremus). At last, finally. Postremus, a, um. The last ; ad postremum, at last, finally. See posterus. Postridie, adv. On the following day. Postulo, are, avi, atum. To demand. Postumius, ii, m. Postumius, the name of a Roman gens or clan. Aulus Postumius, a Roman in whose consulship the first Punic war was brought to a close, (89, 188). Spurius Postumius, a Ro- man consul, defeated by the Sam- nites at the Caudine Forks, (179). Potem, entis, (possum). Able, pow- erful. Potentta, ae, f. Might, force, power, ability. Potestas, atis, f. (potens). Power. Potior, potlri, potltus sum, dep. To obtain, get possession of. Poiis, e, comp. potior, superl. potis- simus. Able, capable, possible. Potius, potiasime, adv. (potis) ; po- sitive not used. Rather than. Prae, prep, with abl. Before, for, on account of, in comparison with. LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 191 Pracbeo, ere, ui, Mum. To show, furnish. Praa-cedo, ere, ccssi, cessum. To pre- cede, surpass, outstrip. Praeceptor, oris, m. (praecipio). Pre- ceptor, commander, teacher. Praeceptum, i, n. (praecipio). Max- im, rule, precept. Praecipio, ere, dpi, ceptum (prae, capio). To admonish, advise, order. Praecipitium, ii, n. Precipice. Praecipito, are, avi, atum. To throw down, precipitate. Praecipuus, a, wn. Remarkable, prominent, special. Praeclare, ius, issime, adv. (preclu- rus). Excellently, nobly. Prae-darus, a, um. Excellent, no- ble, distinguished, illustrious. Praedndo, ere, dasi, du&um, (prae, claudo). To hinder, preclude, cut off. Praeco, onis, m. Herald, crier. Praeda, ae, f. Prey, booty. Prae-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To pre- dict, forewarn. Praedictum, i, n. (praedico). Predic- tion, warning. Praeditus, a, um. Endued with, possessed of. Praedor, ari, atus sum, (praeda). To plunder. Prae-fari, defective. To predict, prophesy; say. 297, II. 3. Pracfedus, i, m. Commander, pre- fect. Prae-fcro, ferre, tuli, latum. To pre- fer, choose ; carry or bear before. PraeficiO) ere, fed, fedum, (prae, facio). To place over, put in command. Prac-lfyo, ere, kgi, ledum. To read to another, to read aloud, to lecture. Prae-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To send forward, send in advance. Praemium, ii, n. Keward, premium. Praeneste, is, n. Praeneste, a town in Latiuin, (182). Prac-pono, ere, posui, positum. To place over, intrust with. Praesens, ends. Present ; praescntia, crum, n. pi. present things, the present. Praesentia, ae, f. (praesens). Pres- ence. Praeses, Idis, adj. Presiding, ruling, chief; subs, head, chief, ruler, governor. Praesidium, ii, n. Guard, garrison. Praestabllis, e. Preeminent, distin- guished, excellent. Praestans, antis, (praesto). Excel- lent, eminent. Praestantia, ae, f. Superiority, pre- eminence. Praesto, are, stiti, \turn, (prae, sto). To surpass, be superior to; fur- nish, do, pay, render (as service) ; evince, show, give. Prae-sum, esse, fui. To preside over, command. Prae-tendo, &re, tendi, lenlum. To pretend, allege. Praeter, prep, with tec. Except, besides. Praeter-ea, adv. Besides, moreover. Praeter-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, itum. To pass by, omit. 295. Praeteritus, a, um, (praetereo). Gone by, past ; praeterlta, orum, n. pi the past. Praeter-vchnr, vehi, vedus sum, dep. 192 LATIN READER. [PEAET'ORIUS To be borne over or by ; to drive or sail by ; to pass by. Praetorius, a, um, (praetor). Prae- torian, belonging to a praetor or general ; praetorius, subs, one who has been praetor. Prae-vidJo, ere, vldi, visum. To foresee. Pratum, i, n. Meadow, pasture. Pravus, a, um. Depraved, bad. Preces, urn, f. pi. dat. ace. and abl. sing, also occur. Prayers, en- treaties. Precor, ari, aius sum. To beseech, pray. Premo, &re, pressi, pressum. To press, urge. ium, ii, n. Price, worth. Pridie, adv. On the day before. Primo, primum, adv. (primus). At first, first ; quam primum, as soon as possible. Primus, a, um, superl. (prior). First. 166. Princeps, ipis, m. Pr'ince, ruler; chief man. Principatus, us, m. Sovereignty, imperial power. Principium, it, n. Beginning. Prior, us. Former, previous. 166. Priscus, i, m. Priscus, the surname of Lucius Tarquinius, the fifth king of Rome, (162). PrisKnus, a, um. Ancient, pristine. Prius, adv. Before, first; prius- quam or prius quam, before that, before. Privatus, a, um. Private, personal, subs, a private citizen. Pro, prep, with abl. Before, in front of; for, in behalf of, instead of, as ; pro kosfe, as an enemy. Probatio, onis, f. Approbation, proof. Probatus, a, um, (probo). Tried, tested, proved, approved. Probitas, atis, f. (probus). Honesty, probity, integrity. Probo, are, avi, atum, (probus). To prove, show ; approve. Probus, a, um. Upright, honest. Procas, ae, m. Procas, a Roman name. Silvius Procas, a king of Alba, (161). Pro-cedo, $re, cessi, ccssum. To step forth, to advance, proceed, come on, succeed. Procillus, i, m. Procillus, a young man sent by Caesar to Ariovistus, (82). Pro-clamo, are, avi, atum. To cry out, proclaim. Pro-consul, ulis, m. Proconsul, one with the authority of consul. Procul, adv. At a distance, far off. Pro-euro, are, avi, atum. To attend to, have the care of. Pro-curro, ere, curri (cucurri), cur- sum. To run forth, project. Proditio, onis, f. (prodo). Treach- ery, treason. Proditor, oris, m. (prodo). Traitor. Pro-do, 8re, didi, ditum. To disclose, betray. Pro-duco, ere, duxi, duclum. To lead forth, produce. Proelium, ii, n. Battle, conflict. Profecto, adv. Indeed, truly. Proficiscor,proficisci,profectus sum. To depart, set out, go. Profllgo, are, avi, atum, (pro, fligoX To overthrow, ruin. Pro-fundo, ere, fadi, fusum. To PU3LIU3] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 193 pour out, spend ; throw away, lavish, dissipate. Progredior, gredi, gressus sum, dep. (pro, gradior). To proceed, ad- vance. Prohibeo, ere, ui, Ktum, (pro, habeo). To prohibit, prevent. Promissus, a, um, (promitto). Grow- ing long, long. Pro-mitto, ere, mm, missum. To send forth, promise. Promontorium, ii, n. Promontory. Promptus, a, um. Prompt, ready. Pro-nuntio, are, dvi, dtum. To pub- lish, proclaim, announce; recite, declaim ; act, tell, narrate. Propago, are, dvi, dtum. To prop- agate ; prolong. Prope, adv., and prep, with ace. Near, nearly, near to, close by, near. PropZro, fire, dvi, dtum. To hasten. Propior, ins. Nearer. See 166. Propius, adv. Nearer. Pro-pono, $re, posui, posltum. To set forth, state, propose. Proprius, a, um. Peculiar, proper, one's own, characteristic of. Propter, prep, with ace. For, on account of. Propter-ea, adv. Therefore, on that account. Pro-pulso, dre, dvi, alum. To repel, ward off. Prom, ae, f. Prow, forepart of a ship. Prorsus, adv. Uninterruptedly, straight on, absolutely. Pro-rumpo, &re, rupi, ruptum. To rush or break forth. Pro-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To proscribe, outlaw. Prosilio, Ire, ii or ui, (pro, salio). To leap up, spring forth. Prospere, ius, rime, adv. (prosperus). Happily, prosperously. Prosperus, a, um. Favorable, for- tunate, prosperous Prospicw, ire, spexi, spectum, (pro, specio). To look forward, look, see ; look out for, take care of, provide for ; discern, descry. Prosier jio, ere, strdvi, stratum, (pro, sterno). To prostrate, overthrow. Pro-sum, prodesse, profui. To pro- fit, avail, be useful. Proftnus, adv. Directly, imme- diately after. Pro-video, ere, vldi, visum. To pro- vide, be on one's guard. Provldus, a, um, (provideo). Fore- seeing, prudent, cautious, provi- dent. Provincia, ae, f. Province. Provocatio, onis, f. (provoco). Chal- lenge, appeal. ProvSco, are, dvi, dtum. To chal- lenge, appeal. Proximus, a, um. Nearest, next. 166. Prudens, entis. Prudent, wise, learn- ed, skilled. Prudentia, ae, f. (prudens). Pru- dence. Ptolemaeus, i, m. Ptolemy, the name of several kings of Egypt, (211). Publicola, ae, m. Publicola, the surname of Valerius, one of the first consuls at Rome, (169). Publicus, a, um. Public. Publius, ii, m. Publius, a Roman name ; as, Publius RutUius Rufu$, (139). 194 LATIN READER. [PUDEI Pudet, ere, puduit, puditum cst, im- pers. It shames ; pudet me y it shames me, I am ashamed. Pudor, or is, m. Regard, respect, modesty, awe, shame. Puella, ae, f. Girl. Puer, eri, m. Boy. Puerllis, e, (puer). Boyish, youth- ful Pueritia, ae, f. (puer). Boyhood. Pugio, onis, m. Dagger, poniard. Pugna, ae, f. Battle. Pugno, are, dm, dtum. To fight. Pulcher, chra, chrum. Beautiful. Pulvillus, i, m. Pulvillus. Hora- tius Pulvillus, a Roman consul in the first year after the banishment of Tarquin, (170). Pumilio, onis, m. and f. Dwarf, pigmy. Puriicus, a, urn, (Poeni). Punic, Carthaginian, belonging to Car- thage or the Carthaginians. (196). Punio, ire, Ivi, Itum. To punish. Pupillus, i, m. Pupil. Puppis, is f. The stern, the hinder part of a ship. Ptcsillus, , um. Small, weak ; little. Puto, are, dvi, atum. To think, imagine, esteem. Pydna, ae, f. Pydna, a town of Macedonia, celebrated for the victory of Paulus over Pefseus, (198). Pyrenaeus, i, m. The Pyrenees, a range of mountains between France and Spain, (190). Pyrrhus, i, m. Pyrrhus, a king of Epirus, (183). Pythagoras, ae, m. Pythagoras, a celebrated philosopher of Samos, (94). Pythia, ae, f. Pythia, the priestess of Apollo, at Delphi, (217). Q. Q. or Qu. An abbreviation of Quintus. Quadragesimus, a, um, (quadragfn ta). Fortieth. Quadraginta, indecl. Forty. Quadriga, ae, f. Chariot, four-horse chariot. Quadringenteslmus, a, um, (quad- ringenti). The four hundredth. Quadringenii, ae, a. Four hun- dred. Quaero or quaeso, Zre, quacslvi, quaesiitum. To seek, inquire, ask, implore. QuaerUur, impers. It is asked, the question is asked. Qualis, e. What, what sort ; tails qualis, such as. Quam, adv. and conj. How; as, than, after: quam multi, how many ; with superl. intensive, quam maxlmus, as great as possi- ble. Quam-dlu, adv. How long, as long as. Quam-quam, conj. Although, . though. Quam-vis. However, however much, though. Quantus, a, um. How great, how much ; tantus quantus, so great as ; quanta, by how much, as. Quo-re. Wherefore, whereby. Quartus, a, um. Fourth. Quasi. As if. Quaterni, ae, a, distributive. Four by four, four at a time, four each, 174, 2. QUONDAM} LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 195 Quaiio, $rc, quassi, quassum. To shake. Quatriduum, i, n. (quattuor, dies). Space of four days, four days. Quattuor, indecl. Four. QuaituordScim, indecl. (quattuor, deeem). Fourteen. ^ue, appended to another word. ; And. 587, 1. 3. Quem-ad-modum, adv. In what man- ner, how, as. Qmrela, ae, f. (queror). Complaint. Queror, queri, questus sum, dep. To complain. Qui, quae, quod, rel. and interrog. Who, which, what. Quia, conj. Because. Quicunque (or cumque) quaecun- que, quodcunque. Whoever, whatever. Quidam, quaedam, quoddam or quiddam. A certain one, certain. Quidem. Indeed. Quies, etis, f. Rest, quiet. Quiesco, ere, quievi, quietum, (quies). To rest, repose, keep quiet. Quietus, a, urn, (quiesco). Quiet, at rest. Qui-llbet, quaellbct, quodlibet., indef. pron. Any one, any. Quin. That not, but that, that. Quinctius, ii, m. Quinctius. Titus Quinctius, a Roman general at the time the city was threatened by the Gauls, 321 B. C. (177). Titus Quinctius Flaminius gained the victory at Cynoscephalae, (197). Quindecim, indecl. Fifteen. Quingenteslmus, a, um, (quingenti). The five hundreth. Quingenti, ae, a. Five hundred. Quinquageslmus, a, um, (quiuqua- ginta). Fiftieth. Quinquaginta, indecl. Fifty. Quinque, indecl. Five. Quinquennium, it, n. Five years, space of five years. Quintus, a, um. Fifth. Quintus, i, m. Quintus, a common Roman name; as, Quintus Mu~ cius Scaevola, (172). Qnippe, conj. Indeed. Quis, quae, quid? interrog. pron. Who, which, what ? Quis, quae, quid, indef. pron. Some one, any one. 190, 1. Quisnam or quinam, quaenam, quodnam or quidnam. Who, which, what. Quispiam, quaepiam, gnodpiam, and subs, quidpiam or quippiam, indef. pron. Any one, any body, any ; some one, some thing, some. Quis-quam, quaequam, quidquam or quicquam. Any, any one. Quis-que, quaeque, quodque or quid- que. Every, every one, whoever, whatever; with superl., intensive, primo quoque tempore, on the very first opportunity. Quis-quis, quaequae, quidquid or quicquid. Whoever, whatever. Quo. Where, whither, that, in order that. Quo-ad. Till, until, as long as, as far as. Quod, conj. That, because. Quominus, (quo, minus). That not, from. Quomodo, adv. (quo, modo). How, by what means. Quondam, adv. Formerly. 196 LATIN HEADER. Quoque. Also, too. Quot, adj. pi. indec. How many, as many, as ; all. Quot-annis. Every year, yearly. Quotidie. Daily, every day. Quotus, a, urn. Of what number, how many ; what, often applied to the hour of the day. Quum or cum. When, since ; though ; quum tarn, not only but also, both and ; rarely either or. R. Rabies, ei, f. Madness, rage. Radix, Ids, f. Root, foot, base, as of a mountain. Ramus, i, m. Branch. Raplna, ae, f. Rapine, plunder. Rapio, ere, rapui, rapium. To rob, carry off. Raptor, oris, m. (rapio). Robber, plunderer. Raro, adv. (rarus). Rarely, seldom. Rarus, a,um. Rare, uncommon. Ratio, dnis, f. A calculating, think- ing ; reason, understanding ; plan, method, kind. Ratis, is, f. Raft. Re-bello, fire, dvi, dtum. To rebel. Re-cedo, ere, cessi, cessum. To with- draw, recede, retire. Hccens, entis. Recent, fresh, young, new. Hedpio, $re, cepi, ceptum, (re, capio). To receive, recover, resume; se redpere, to betake one's self, withdraw. Recito, dre, dvi, dtum, (re, cito). To repeat, recite. Recognosco, Zre, novi, nttum, (re, cognosce). To recognize. Recorddtio, onis, f. (recorder). Re- collection, remembrance. Recordor, dri, atus sum, dep. To recollect. Recte, ius, issime, adv. (rectus). Rightly. Rector, oris, m. (rego). Director, ruler. Rectum, f, n. (rectus). Right. Rectus, a, urn, (rego). Straight, right, correct. Recupero, are, dvi, dtum. To re- gain. Red-do, ere, didi, dttum. To re- store, return ; make ; render, re- peat, recite, give up, resign ; as- sign. Red-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, Itum. To go back, return. 295. Redtgo, ere, egi, actum, (red, ago). To force, reduce, compel. Redimo, 8re, emi, emptum, (red, emo). To ransom. Redltus, us, m. (redeo). Return, revenue. Re-duco, ere, duxl, ductum. To lead back, reduce. Red-undo, are, dvi* dtum. To over- flow ; to abound. Re-fercio, Ire, fersi, fertum, (re, far- cio). To fill, stuff, cram. Re-fero, ferre, tuli, Idtum, (re- fero). To bring back, requite, return, render, place among, re- fer; refert, imps, it concerns, matters. Refertus, a, um, part, (refercio). Filled. Rejicio, &rc, fed, fectum., (re, facio). To repair, restore ; recover. Refluo, Zre, fiuxi, fiuxum, (re, fluo). To flow back. RESPONDED] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 197 Re-fugio, $re, fugi, fugitum. Tore- treat. Reglna, ae, f. Queen. Regio, onis, f. Region, country. Regius, a, urn, (rex). Royal. Regno, are, dvi, atum, (regnum). To reign, rule. Regnum, i, n. (rex). Kingdom, sovereignty, government. Rego, ere, rexi, rectum. To direct, rule, manage. Regredior, predi, gressus sum, dep. (re, gradior). To return. Regula, ae, f. (rego). Rule, pattern, model. Regulus, i, m. Regulus. Marcus Atilius Regulus, a distinguished Roman consul taken prisoner by the Carthaginians in the first Punic war, (186). Religio, 6nis, f. Religion, obligation. Re-linquo, Sre, llqui, Return. To leave, desert Reliquiae, drum, f. pi. Remnant, those who escaped. Reliquus, a, urn. The rest, remain- ing, the other. Reliquum est, it is left, it remains. Re-maneo, ere, mansi, mansum. To remain. Remedium, ii, n. Remedy. Reminiscor, ci, dep. To remem- ber. Re-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To send back. Re-moveo, ere, movi, motum. To take away, remove. Remus, i, m. Oar. Remus, i, m. Remus, the brother of Romulus, (152). Rentvo, are, dvi, atum, (re, novo). To renew. Re-nuntio, are, dvi, dturn* To re- port, announce. Reparo, are, avi, atum, (re, paro), To renew, repair. Re-pello, Sre, puli, puhum. To re- pel, drive back. Repente, adv. Suddenly. * Repentlnus, a, um. Unexpected, sudden. Reperio, Ire, peri, perium, (re, pa- rio). To find. Re-pleo, ere, evi, ctum. To fill, fill again. Re-pono, ere, posui, positum. To re- place, restore, lay up. Re-porto, dre, dvi, atum. To gain, bear off. Reprehendo, ere, prehendi, preken- sum, (re, prehendo). To blame, censure.' Repudio, dre, dvi, atum. To reject, divorce. Re-pugno, dre, dvi, dtum. To resist. Re-qulro, 8re, quislvi orii, quisltum (re, quaero). To seek, demand, require. Res, rei, f. Thing ; affair ; state ; deed, reality, battle ; res gestae, exploits ; res publica, republic. Re-scrlbo, 8re, scripsi, scriptum. To write back, reply in writing. Resideo, ere, sedi, (re, sedeo). To sit, remain, sit down. Resisto, ere, stiti, sfitum. To op- pose, resist. Respectus, us, m. (respicio). Respect, regard. Respicio, &re, spexi, spectum, (re, spe- cio). Tp look back; regard, re- spect. Re-spondeo, ere, spondi, sponsum. To reply. 198 LATIN READER [RliSPONSUM Responsum, i. n. (respondeo). An- swer, response. Rcspublica, rei publlcac, or respub- llca, reipublicae, f. Republic. 126. Re-spuo, eve, spui. To cast out, eject ; reject, refuse, dislike. Restiiuo, ere, stitui, stitutum, (re, statuo). To restore. Re-iardo, are, avi, atum. To detain, retard, check. Retineo, ere, tinui, tentum, (re, teneo). To retain. Reus, i, m. Criminal, defendant. Reverentia, ae, f. Reverence. Re-vcrto, $re, verti, versum ; rever- tor, dep. To come back, return. Re-voco, tire, avi, atum. To recall. Rex, regis, m. King. Rhea, ae, f. Rhea. Rkea Silvia, the daughter of Numitor and the mother of Romulus and Remus, (152). Rhenus, i, in. The river Rhine, (208). Rhodanus, i, m. The river Rhone, in Gaul, (208). Rhodius, a, um, (Rhodos, the island of Rhodes). Rhodian, of or be- longing to Rhodes. Rhodius, ii, m. A Rhodian, (143). Rideo, ere, si, sum. To laugh, to laugh at. Ripa, ae, f. Bank, at of a river. Rite, adv. Rightly, in due form. Robur, oris, n. Strength. Robustus, a, um, (robur). Robust, strong. Rogatio, onis, f. (rogo). An asking, question ; entreaty, request. Rogo, are, avi, atum. To ask, ques- tion. Roma, &'