LB Z&42, UC-MRLF GIFT OF INCREASED SALARIES FOR TEACHERS AND MEMBERS OF THE SUPERVISING STAFF OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS STATEMENTS AND STATISTICS PREPARED BY THE BOSTON SCHOOL COMMITTEE IN SUPPORT OF HOUSE BILL NO. I960, RELATIVE TO APPROPRIATIONS FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES IN THE CITY OF BOSTON NOVEMBER, 1Q1 BOSTON PRINTING DEPARTMENT 1919 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE 1. Number of Persons in P^mploy of School Committee ... 5 2. Statement Showing the Effect on the Actual Compensation of Teachers in the Service November 1, 1917, by the Application of the Proposed Schedule of November 10 .... 11 3. Statement of Change in Cost of Living in Eighteen Specified Cities from December, 1914, to June, 1919 .... 16 4. Chart Showing Rise in Cost of Living from 1914 to 1919 . . 17 5. Schedules at a Glance . 19 6. Statements Issued by the School Committee .... 24 415856: NUMBER OF PERSONS IN THE DIFFERENT RANKS OF TEACHERS AND OF THE SUPERVISING STAFF; ALSO NUMBER OF OTHER EMPLOYEES ON ANNUAL SALARIES, NOVEMBER, 1919. SUMMARY. Total number of permanent teachers and members of the supervising staff * 3,485 Clerical assistants and bookkeepers ... .30 Evening schools all per diem employees. Playgrounds all per diem employees. Gardening all per diem employees. Temporary teachers and special assistants, all schools all per diem employees. Janitors ..... ..... 214 Matrons 12 Attendance officers (one chief and twenty-four officers), 25 Supervisor of licensed minors 1 Officers . ... .9 Clerks, stenographers, etc 60 3,836 NORMAL SCHOOL. Head master , 1 Master, Director of Model School . . . . . 1 Masters .3 Junior masters First assistants 6 Assistants 5 Clerical assistant 1 17 * This does not include clerical assistants and bookkeepers in the schools, or teachers in evening schools, playgrounds, gardening, or temporary teachers and special assistants, all of whom are on per diem pay. LATIN AND DAY HIGH SCHOOLS. Head masters . 14 Masters, heads of departments . . 50 Masters . . 24 Junior masters . 158 Assistant principals . 2 First assistants . 30 Industrial instructor, head of department 1 Assistants 182 Junior assistants 18 Instructors, mechanical department ... 10 Coordinators 2 Cooperative instructors ... . 5 Industrial instructors .... . 13 Instructors, commercial branches Assistant instructors, commercial branches . . . 17 Instructors, manual arts 2 Assistant instructors, manual arts .... 4 Assistant instructors, salesmanship . . 2 Clerical assistants , 19 561 BOSTON CLERICAL SCHOOL. Head master 1 Head instructor . 1 Clerical instructor 1 Clerical assistants 4 Teachers of English DAY ELEMENTARY AND DAY INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS. Masters . 69 Submasters 84 Masters' assistants 74 First assistants, grammar 20 First assistant, primary .... . 1 First assistants in charge . . . . . . . 100 Assistants '. 1,694 Prevocational assistants 20 Clerical assistants 2 2,064 KINDERGARTENS. Director .... 1 Assistant director 1 First assistants ... . 156 Assistants ..... 132 290 TRADE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. Master 1 Heads of departments . 7 Trade assistants . . 17 Helpers . . ... 4 Vocational assistants 4 Instructor in personal and shop hygiene . 1 Bookkeeper . 1 Clerical assistant 1 36 BOSTON TRADE SCHOOL. Master 1 Vice-principal ... ... 1 Division heads 5 Shop foremen . 4 Shop instructor . . 1 Instructors in academic and technical branches . . 4 Instructor . 1 Bookkeeper . . 1 Clerical assistant . . . . . . . . . 1 19 HORACE MANN SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF. Principal . .... .1 Assistants 13 14 EVENING SCHOOLS. Director 1 All other evening school teachers are per diem employees. DAY SCHOOL FOR IMMIGRANTS. Instructors 2 8 CONTINUATION SCHOOL. Principal . 1 Heads of divisions . . 3 Division foremen . ... 4 Shop foremen . . 2 Shop instructors . 2 Trade assistants .5 Helper . 1 Instructors, boys' classes . . 12 Assistants . .... 28 Vocational assistant .... . . 1 Clerical assistants 4 63 EDUCATIONAL INVESTIGATION AND MEASUREMENT. Assistant director .1 DEPARTMENT OF HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE AND ARTS. Director ... ..... 1 Assistant director ... 1 Teachers of cookery 43 Teachers of sewing . . . 64 109 DEPARTMENT OF MANUAL ARTS. Director .... 1 First assistant director .... 1 Assistant directors 3 First assistants in manual arts . . 2 Assistants in manual arts 7 Shop foremen . ... 8 Shop instructors . . .13 Foremen, shop work . . . . . 5 Instructors in shop work . . .8 Instructors in manual training 12 Assistant instructors in manual training ... 40 100 MEDICAL INSPECTION. Director 1 School physicians . .... 45 School physician assigned to certificating office . . 1 47 9 NURSES. Supervising nurse . 1 School nurses ..... 46 47 DEPARTMENT OF Music. Director .... 1 Assistant directors 3 Assistants in music .... . 9 13 PENMANSHIP. Director 1 PHYSICAL TRAINING. Director . 1 Instructors in physical training 14 Assistant instructors in physical training . . . 10 Instructor of military drill ...... 1 Assistant instructors of military drill . . . . 3 Armorer 1 30 PLAYGROUNDS. All playground teachers are per diem employees. DEPARTMENT OF PRACTICE AND TRAINING. First assistant director 1 Assistant directors 4 SPECIAL CLASSES. Director . . . . 1 Medical inspector . . 1 First assistants in charge 3 Instructors 70 75 SPEECH IMPROVEMENT CLASSES AND CLASSES FOR CONSERVA- TION OF EYESIGHT. Instructor in charge of Speech Improvement Classes 1 Instructors . 8 9 10 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE. Director 1 Vocational assistants ...... 3 4 GARDENING. All gardening teachers are per diem employees. TEMPORARY TEACHERS AND SPECIAL ASSISTANTS, ALL SCHOOLS. All temporary teachers and special assistants are per diem employees. ATTENDANCE OFFICERS. Chief attendance officer 1 Attendance officers 24 25 Supervisor of licensed minors . t . . 1 Janitors 214 Matrons 12 Officers . . .... 9 Clerks, stenographers, etc -. 60 11 STATEMENT SHOWING THE EFFECT ON THE ACTUAL COMPENSATION OF TEACHERS IN THE SERVICE NOVEMBER 1, 1917, BY THE APPLICATION OF THE PROPOSED SCHEDULE OF NOVEMBER 10. ASSISTANTS, ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. TEACHERS ON FIRST YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $600 Salary September 1, 1918 . 696 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 792 Salary November 1, 1919 . ... 888 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $1,272 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . . 600 Increase since November 1, 1917 .... $672 Increase per cent since November 1,1917 , . 112 TEACHERS ON FIFTH YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . "$792 Salary September 1, 1918 . 888 Salary November 1, 1918 . 984 Salary November 1, 1919 . . . . 1,080 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $1,464 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . . 792 Increase since November 1, 1917 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . . 84.8 TEACHERS ON MAXIMUM SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $1,176 Salary September 1, 1918 . . 1,272 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 1,368 Salary November 1, 1919 . . 1,368 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $1,752 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . 1,176 Increase since November 1, 1917 .... $576 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 48.9 12 ASSISTANTS, KINDERGARTEN. TEACHERS ON FIRST YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . . $480 Salary September 1, 1918 . 576 Salary November 1, 1918 . 672 Salary November 1, 1919 . 768 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . . $1,152 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down 480 Increase since November 1, 1917 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 TEACHERS ON FIFTH YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $672 Salary September 1, 1918 . 768 Salary November 1, 1918 . 864 Salary November 1, 1919 . 960 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $1,344 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down 672 Increase since November 1, 1917 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . 100 TEACHERS ON MAXIMUM SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $864 Salary September 1, 1918 . 960 Salary November 1, 1918 . 960 Salary November 1, T919 . . 960 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $1,344 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . 864 Increase since November 1, 1917 , . . . $480 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . . 55.5 13 HEAD MASTERS, LATIN AND DAY HIGH SCHOOLS. HEAD MASTERS ON FIRST YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $3,204 Salary September 1, 1918 . . 3,348 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 3,492 Salary November 1, 1919 . . 3^636 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . $3,780 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . 3,204 Increase since November 1, 1917 .... $576 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . 18 HEAD MASTERS ON FOURTH YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $3,636 Salary September 1, 1918 . . 3,780 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 3,924 Salary November 1, 1919 . . 4,068 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 .... $4,212 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down 3,636 Increase since November 1, 1917 .... $576 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . 15.8 HEAD MASTERS ON MAXIMUM SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $4,068 Salary September 1, 1918 . . 4,212 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 4,212 Salary November 1, 1919 . . 4,212 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $4,500 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . 4,068 Increase since November 1, 1917 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . 10.6 14 JUNIOR MASTERS, LATIN AND DAY HIGH SCHOOLS. JUNIOR MASTERS ON FIRST YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . SI, 476 Salary September 1, 1918 . . 1,620 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 1,764 Salary November 1, 1919 . . 1,908 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $2,052 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . . 1,476 Increase since November 1, 1917 .... $576 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . 39 JUNIOR MASTERS ON FIFTH YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $2,052 Salary September 1, 1918 . . 2,196 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 2,340 Salary November 1, 1919 .' . . 2,484 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $2,628 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . 2,052 Increase since November 1, 1917 . . . . $576 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . . 28. 1 JUNIOR MASTERS ON MAXIMUM SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $2,628 Salary September 1, 1918 . . 2,772 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 2,772 Salary November 1, 1919 . . 2,772 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $3,060 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . 2,628 Increase since November 1, 1917 .... $432 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . . 16.4 15 ASSISTANTS, LATIN AND DAY HIGH SCHOOLS. ASSISTANTS ON FIRST YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . 1972 Salary September 1, 1918 . 1,068 Salary November 1, 1918 . 1,164' Salary November 1, 1919 . jjjgg Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $1,644 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down 972 Increase since November 1, 1917 . . $672 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 69. 1 ASSISTANTS ON SEVENTH YEAR SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917 : Salary November 1, 1917 . . SI, 404 Salary September 1, 1918 . 1,500 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 1,596 Salary November 1, 1919 . . j- L 6g2 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 . . $2,076 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . 1,404 Increase since November 1, 1917 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . 47.9 ASSISTANTS ON MAXIMUM SALARY NOVEMBER 1, 1917: Salary November 1, 1917 . . $1,764 Salary September 1, 1918 . . 1,860 Salary November 1, 1918 . . 1,932 Salary November 1, 1919 . . . 1,932 Proposed salary January 1, 1920 .... $2,316 Salary November 1, 1917, brought down . 1,764 Increase since November 1 , 1917 . . . $552 Increase per cent since November 1, 1917 . 31.3 16 INCREASES IN COST OF LIVING IN EIGHTEEN SPECIFIED CITIES, FROM DECEMBER, 1914, TO JUNE, 1919, IN EIGHTEEN SHIPBUILDING CEN= TERS, COVERING FOOD, CLOTHING, HOUSING, FUEL AND LIGHT, FURNITURE AND FURNISH= INGS, AND MISCELLANEOUS. Per Cent of Increase. Norfolk . .87.05 Detroit . . .84.36 Buffalo ... . . .84.23 Baltimore . .83.99 Houston . .80.22 Savannah .... .... .79.76 New York .... 79.22 Jacksonville 77. 4# Cleveland . .77.23 Mobile . . , .76.64 Philadelphia. . 76.21 Chicago . .74.47 Portland, Me. . .74.25 Seattle ........ .74.01 Boston . . 72 78 Portland, Ore. . . ..'.'. .69.16 Sari Francisco . . . 65 . 58 Los Angeles 65 . 07 Figures taken from " Monthly Labor Review" of Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, September, 1919, pp. 108-9-10. REPRESENTING INCREASE IN SALARY OF TEACHERS ON MINIMUM PEJRCL 206 200 !9 184 176 168 160 152 .44 ' -36 <6 ! 120 11 104 96 68 80 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 6 Original 5cned Schedule 1918 New Schedule >)T / / i / / ( 'Showir percen Sdldry . g rate accord chedule >f incre< >g to ih< bdied 01 se in propose W5XJ eduie. / \ / / / / | / / 1 A-5h / ff owmq r cent ac Sept 19 ife of irx COrd IOC 8 bdsec rease m To 5che on 1913 dule Wldry. / / / / / / ^f"' 76 / / ~0.60 ) / ' / / / // / -Shown percen of 1917 >g rate ( t accord based i f incred nq to sc nlQIS 3 >e in ledule jlary c I Jhowmq ost of I ercent 1 'PCred5( ving in V35ed en / // / ; / /^ / / / / y / 15 7 / ^157 fears 913 1914 '915 !9!6 '97 1918 919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 t9 ale *6CO 648 696 744 792 640 868 936 964 103 1060 H?6 1! 984 10SO 1176 1272 1568 1560 1656 175Z SCHEDULES AT A GLANCE. 20 Boston's Present and Proposed Salary Schedule. RANK. Present Minimum. Proposed Minimum. Present Maximum. Proposed. Maximum. Kindergartens: Assistants $576 $960 $960 SI 344 First assistants J.032 1,416 1,224 1,608 Elementary Schools: Assistants 696 1,080 1,368 1 752 First assistants, grammar First assistants in charge. . . \ 1,404 1 404 1,788 1 788 1,596 1 596 1,980 1 980 Master's assistants Submasters 1,404 1 500 1,788 1 740 1,692 2 580 2,076 <> $20 Masters 2 820 '> 820 3 540 3 660 High Schools: Assistants 1,068 1,452 1 932 2 316 Junior masters 1,476 1,620 2,772 3 060 First assistants, heads of depart- ment 1,428 1,812 2,100 2,484 Masters, heads of department. . Head masters. .............. 2,340 3,348 2,484 3,492 3,348 ! 4,212 j 3,492 4,500 Proposed Increases in Minimum Salaries in Relation to Salaries in Other Cities of the Country. ' Salary September, 1919. Proposed Increase. Per Cent Increase. Boston's Rank September, 1919. Boston's Rank on Proposed Increase. Kindergartens : Assistants .$576 $384 66.67 17th (out of 18) i 2d or 3d (out of 18) First assistants Elementary: 1,032 384 37 . 21 2d (out of 18) 1st (out of 18) Assistants: Grades I-VI 1st assistant, grammar. . 696 1,404 384 384 rw.17 20th (out of 24) 27.35 "-2d (out of 24) Master's assistant 1,404 384 27.35 6th (out of 13) ;( 2d (out of 13) Submasters 1,500 240 16 3d or 4th (out of 11) 2d or 3d *. (out of 11) Masters (men) 2,820 1st (out of 17) 1st (out of 17) Masters (women) 2,820 1st (out of 16f 1st (out of 16) 1 Denver San Francisco Boston - Los Angeles Boston $!,( MX) 3 New York )60 Boston )GO < Now York 00 San Francisco. . )60 ' Boston . $2,100 1,788 2,100 .... 1,740 1,74(1 i < 1, 21 Proposed Increases in Minimum Salaries in Relation to Salaries in Other Cities of the Country. HIGH SCHOOLS. * Salary September, 1919. Proposed Increase. Per Cent Increase. Boston's Rank September, 1919. Boston's Rank in Proposed Increase. Assistants . . . $1,068 $384 35.95 13th 1st (out of 23) (out of 22) Junior masters 1,476 144 9.76 3d 1st (out of 23) (out of 22) First assistants, heads of 1,428 384 26.89 9th 6th i departments. (out of 9) (out oi 9) Masters, heads of depart- 2,340 144 6.15 5th 5th * ments. (out of 11) (out of 11) Head masters 3,348 144 4.30 5th 4th (out of 11) (out of 11) 1 Jersey City: $3,100 2 Philadelphia $3,300 St. Louis 2,650 Jersey City 3,100 Buffalo 2,200 St. Louis 2,650 Philadelphia 2,185 Providence 2,500 Los Angeles 2,100 Boston 2,484 Boston 1,812 New York $5,000 Philadelphia 3,960 St. Louis 3,600 Boston 3,492 22 Proposed Increases in Maximum Salaries in Relation to Salaries in Other Cities of the Country. Salary September, 1919. Proposed Increase. Per Cent of Increase. Boston's Rank September, 1919. Boston's Rank in Proposed Increase. Kindergarten: Assistants $960 $384 40 14th 7th i (out of 19) (out of 19) First assistants Elementary: 1,224 384 31.37 8th (out of 19) 1st (out of 19) Assistants. Grades I-VI 1,368 384 28.07 12th (out of 24) 1st (out of 24) Grades VII-VIII. ... 1,368 384 28.07 16th (out of 24) 5th * (out of 24) 1 st assistant grammar . . 1,596 384 24.06 Master's assistant 1,692 384 22.69 8th (out of 15) 2d3 (out of 15) Submasters'. 2,580 240 9:30 1st (out of 12) 1st (out of 12) Masters (men) 3,540 120 3.39 5th (out of 23) 3d* (out of 23) Masters (women) 3,540 120 3.39 4th (out of 21) 2d* (out of 21) 1 New York. . . . Rochester. . . . Denver Jersey City. . . San Francisco Newark Boston. . . $1,600 1,600 1,500 1,500 1,476 1,450 1,344 2 New York. Rochester. Newark . . . Cleveland . Boston . . . New York . Boston . . . $1,920 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,752 2,400 2,070 4 . Jersey City Chicago (upper group) . . Boston 5 Chicago (upper group) Boston . . 3,700 3,750 3,660 3,750 3,660 23 Proposed Increases in Maximum Salaries in Relation to Salaries in Other Cities of the Country. HIGH SCHOOL. Salary September, 1919. Proposed Increase. Per Cent of Increase. . Boston's Rank September, 1919. Boston's Rank in Proposed Increase. Assistants $1,932 $384 19.88 Highest possible maxi- mum of lowest paid teacher. llth (out of 23) 5th i (out of 23) Highest possible maxi- mum attainable. Junior masters 2,772 288 10 . 39 16th (out of 23) 3d llth 2 (out of 23) 1st Highest possible maxi- mum of lowest paid teacher. (out of 22) (out of 22) Highest possible maxi- mum attainable. 7th (out of 23) 2d (out of 22) First assistants, heads of departments. 2,100 384 18.29 15th (out of 16) llth* (out of 16) Masters, heads of de- partments. 3,348 144 4.30 6th (out of 18) 5th 5 (out of 18) Head masters 4,212 288 6.84 10th (out of 21) 7th or 8th (out of 18) 1 Jersey City . $3,000 Chicago $3,300 New York . 2,650 New York 3,150 Cleveland . 2,400 Cincinnati 3,000 Denver . 2,400 Indianapolis 3,000 - Jersey City Chicago (upper group) Detroit (first assistant) Now York . 3,000 . 3,000 . 2,800 2,650 Cleveland Newark Buffalo Boston 2,800 2,800 2,700 2,484 Pittsburgh (college graduate) . . . 2,640 s Philadelphia 3,730 Kansas City, Mo. (Group I) . . . . . 2,500 Jersey City 3,700 St. Louis (1st assistant) . 2,500 St. Louis 3,625 Cincinnati (teacher) . 2,500 Detroit 3,500 Cleveland 2,400 Boston 3,492 Denver . 2,400 e Jersey City 6,000 Boston 2,316 Philadelphia (50 or more teachers) , 5,060 3 Philadelphia (Class D) . 3,080 New York 5,000 Boston . 3,060 Detroit 5,000 Newark 4,800 4 Jersey City . 3,700 Chicago 4,620 St. Louis 3,625 Denver 4,500 Detroit . . . 3,500 Boston. . . 4,500 24 STATEMENTS ISSUED BY BOSTON SCHOOL COMMITTEE. Statement Number. TITLE. Date Issued. 8 9 10.. Why $384 Instead of $600 Flat. Some Aspects of the Salary Schedule Not Generally Understood. New York and Boston Compared ...... New Salaries in Boston Compared with Salaries in other Massachu- setts Cities ..................... November 19, 1919. November 20, 1919. November 21, 1919. Relief to Lowest Paid Teachers j November 22, 1919. New Salary Schedule Affords Greatest! Teachers Given All or More Than They Originally Asked For A Graduated vs. A Flat Increase. . How the Proposed Schedule Affects the Elementary School Teacher Actual and Comparative Increases in Teachers' Salaries Boston and Other Cities . . Principles Underlying Proposed Salary Increases School Janitors entitled to a Sub- stantial Increase . . November 23, 1919. November 24, 1919. November 2.5, 1919. November 26, 1919. November 27, 1919. December 3, 1919, 25 [Statement No. 1. Issued November 19, 1919.] WHY $384 INSTEAD OF $600 FLAT. The School Committee has varied the amount of the proposed increases in salaries for different ranks because several teachers' organizations, including the Teachers' Advisory Council, petitioned the committee to readjust some of the "gross inequalities in the present schedule"; because the comparison of salaries in other cities with those in Boston showed that certain ranks of teachers in Boston were paid comparatively low salaries; and also because it is the opinion of the* School Committee and its officers that a flat increase is wholly impracticable, that great injustice would follow its adoption, and that it would accentuate, rather than eliminate, the present inequalities. Under date of October 20, 1919, Miss Anna G. Scol- lard, president of the Boston Teachers' Club, addressed a communication to the School Committee, in which among other statements she said: In the salary schedule now operative are some gross inequal- ities, to which in the opinion of the officers of the Boston Teachers' Club special attention should be given in the prepa- ration of any proposed schedule with a view to securing more equitable readjustments. At the public hearing on October 15 Miss Julia M. Fitzpatrick stated that she represented 2,200 class room teachers in slementary schools and called attention to the fact that these teachers have serious grievances, one of which is the present large difference betw r een the salaries of elementary assistants and of high school assistants. In connection with its discussion of proposed increases, the Teachers' Advisory Council also took formal action 26 requesting the School Committee, in the new schedule, to readjust salaries in order to eliminate some obvious inequalities existing in the present schedule. Because the study of salaries in other cities shows that the salaries of women teachers in the high schools of Boston are comparatively low, they were given the same increase as the elementary assistants, even though the elementary assistants consider that the present difference between the salary of elementary assistants and high school women teachers is too great. The annual automatic increase in salary varies for the different ranks of teachers. For high school principal the annual increase in salary is $144, and for assistants in high schools $96. For elementary principals the annual increase is $120; for submaste<*s $120; for assist- ants $96. To advance all teachers $600 or any flat amount would so change the relationship between the salary schedules for different ranks that it would be unworkable. The first information that there was any change in the amount asked for by the teachers reached the School Committee at the conference on October 15, when the representatives of three groups of teachers asked for $600 for their groups. Even then no request was made for a flat increase of $600 for all teachers. The first request for a flat increase of $600 for all teach- ers reached the Committee at its informal conference with the members of the Advisory Council on November 14, several days after the School Committee had pub- lished its proposed schedule. 27 [Statement No. 2. Issued November 20, 1919.] SOME ASPECTS OF THE SALARY SCHEDULE NOT GENERALLY UNDERSTOOD. NEW YORK AND BOSTON COMPARED. Certain aspects of the salary schedule are, perhaps, not generally understood by the public. In fact, some of the teachers themselves, it has been discovered, do not clearly understand the effect of the proposed increases in salaries, which the School Committee plans to put into effect January 1, 1920. Teachers of the various ranks are appointed on what is called a gradu- ated salary scale, which begins at a fixed minimum salary and progresses by annual increments of different amounts for different ranks until the fixed maximum salary is reached. To illustrate: Consider the assist- ants in the day elementary schools. Under the present salary schedule, a new, inexperi- enced teacher begins at a minimum salary of $696 and progresses by annual increases of $96 until she reaches, in seven years, the fixed maximum of $1,368. The new rates proposed by the Committee increase both the minimum and the maximum salary by $384 a year. This means that when and if the proposed salary sched- ule takes effect a teacher receiving the minimum of $696 will receive $384, or an increase of $32 per month in her salary during that year. Each teacher, regard- less of her position on the graduated salary scale, will also receive the same amount on the same date. Those on the maximum salary of $1,368 will immediately be placed upon the maximum salary of $1,752, or $384 more than they are now paid. Contrast this with the new schedule which has already been legally approved in New York City, to take effect January 1, 1920. The new schedule for New 28 York City proposes an increase in the minimum 'of ele- mentary assistants of $105 per year; that is, from $900 to $1,005. By law, however, this total increase of $105 will not be available at once. On the other hand, teachers will receive on January 1, 1920, one third of the increase, or $35; on January 1, 1921, they will receive $35 more of the proposed increase, and not until January 1, 1922, will they receive the full benefit of the proposed increase in salary which the new schedule con- templates. It is apparent, therefore, that the proposed schedule for Boston is far more liberal than the new schedule for New York City, since it provides the teachers in Boston with an increase nearly four times as large and makes the whole amount available for the teachers of Boston on January 1, 1920, instead of two years later as in New York. 29 [Statement No. 3. Issued November 21, 1919.] NEW SALARIES IN BOSTON COMPARED WITH SALARIES IN OTHER MASSACHU- SETTS CITIES. BOSTON LEADS THE STATE. With a present minimum salary of $696 for elemen- tary assistants, Boston ranks tenth among eighteen of the largest cities and towns in Massachusetts. The cities now paying a higher minimum salary than Boston are: Somerville Haverhill Chelsea . Brockton Lawrence $700 700 700 750 750 Salem New Bedford Fall River . Springfield . $850 863 900 1,180 The cities paying a lower minimum salary than Boston are: Cambridge, Grades I to j Lynn VII . . $588 Lowell . Worcester . . 675 Pittsfield Everett . . 650 Medford Fitchburg . . 650 $650 600 560 550 The proposed minimum salary of $1,080 for elemen- tary assistants in Boston technically gives Boston a rank of second among the cities and towns in Massa- chusetts, because Springfield pays a minimum salary of $1,180. However, in Springfield, no inexperienced teachers are appointed. All teachers appointed to the minimum salary must be Normal School graduates with at least two years' experience following their graduation. Actually, therefore, the proposed mini- 30 mum salary of $1,080 for Boston will be the highest salary in the state for a teacher without teaching experience. The following is a list of cities and towns in Massa- chusetts paying elementary assistants $1,000 or more as a maximum salary. The reader should compare these salaries with Boston's present maximum salary of $1,368 and with the School Committee's proposed maxi- mum salary of $1,752. Brookline, Grade VIII, $1,518 Cambridge, Grade VIII, $1,140 Springfield . 1,450 Fall River . . 1,100 Worcester, Grade VIII, 1,300 Lynn, Grades VII and Newton . . 1,300 VIII . 1,100 Fitchburg . 1,250 Lowell . . 1,080 New Bedford: Cambridge, Grades I-- Grades I-VII . 1,150 VII . 1,080 Grade VIII . 1,236 Somerville . . 1,050 Lawrence . 1,200 The following is a list of cities and towns in Massa- chusetts paying elementary assistants $1,080 or less as a maximum salary: Pittsfield Brockton Everett Salem Medford Haverhill $880 900 950 1,000 1,000 1,000 Chelsea . . . $1,000 Lynn, Grades I-VI . 1,000 Somerville . . 1,050 Cambridge, Grades I-- VII (same as Boston's minimum) . . . 1,080 The fairness of the $384 increase proposed by the Boston School Committee, which will result in a mini- mum salary of $1,080 for the inexperienced teacher, is strikingly shown by a comparison of the minimum salary of $1,080 in Boston, not with the corresponding minimum salary but with the present maximum salaries in the above cities and towns of the state. The rank of Boston among cities and towns in Massa- chusetts in regard to the present salaries in Boston can- not be defended. The capital city of the state should 31 be second to no city in the Commonweath in the amount of teachers' salaries. Furthermore, in view of the high standard of scholarship and training required of candi- dates for initial appointment to the Boston service, Boston should not be satisfied to trail. Many cities and towns appoint inexperienced teachers directly after graduatiqn from a tw r o-year Normal School course. Boston appoints inexperienced teachers on a minimum salary of $696 only after a three-year Normal School course, supplemented by one full year of training in class room teaching under the supervision of the Depart- ment of Practice and Training. While the minimum salary, therefore, is for inexperienced teachers, it, never- theless, presupposes four years of professional prepara- tion beyond the high school. In the proposed salary schedule of $1,080 as a mini- mum, and $1,752 as a maximum for elementary assist- ants, Boston will lead every city and town in the state in the amounit of salary that it pays inexperienced elementary school teachers. 32 [Statement No. 4. Issued November 22, 1919.) NEW SALARY SCHEDULE AFFORDS GREATEST RELIEF TO LOWEST PAID TEACHERS. If the School .Committee chose to follow the written petitions of teachers for some readjustments in salaries of various groups of teachers, obviously a flat increase for all could not be followed because the two proposi- tions are mutually exclusive. Furthermore, after an unusually careful consideration of the salaries now paid in Boston, the School Committee agreed to follow the "general principle of providing the largest increase for the lowest paid teachers. BOSTON'S PRESENT AND PROPOSED MINIMUM SALARTES. The following tabulation shows the present minimum salary/the increase proposed by the School Committee, the proposed minimum salary, and the per cent of increase. RANK. Present Minimum. Proposed Increase. Proposed Minimum. Per Cent of Increase. Kindergartens : \ssistants $576 $384 $960 66 67 First Assistants 1.032 384 1,416 37.21 Elementary Schools: Assistants 696 384 1,080 66.17 First assistants grammar 1,404 384 1,788 27.35 First assistants in charge 1,404 384 1,788 27.35 Master's assistant* 1,404 384 1,788 27.35 1 500 240 1,740 16.00 Masters 2,820 2,820 0.00 High Schools. Assistants 1,068 384 1,452 35.95 1,47(5 144 1,620 9.76 First assistants, heads of depart- 1,428 384 1,812 26.89 Masters, heads of departments . . 2,340 144 2,484 6.15 Head masters 3,348 144 3,492 4.30 33 BOSTON'S PRESENT AND PROPOSED MAXIMUM SALARIES. The following tabulation gives corresponding informa- tion on the maximum salaries for Boston: Present Maximum. Proposed Increa-'- Proposed Per Cent of Maximum. Increase. Kindergartens: Assistants . .' First assistants $960 $384 | 81,344 40.00 1,224 384 1,608 31.37 Klementary Schools : Assistants 1,36-S 384 ! ,752 28.07 Fir.-t assistants, grammar 1,596 384 1,980 24.06 First assistants in charge 1,692 384 2,076 92.69 Master's assistants 1,692 384 2,076 22.66 Submasters 3,540 240 120 2,820 3,660 9.30 3.39 High Schools: Assistants 1,932 384 2,316 Junior masters 2,772 288 3,060 10.39 First assistants, heads of depart- ments 2,100 384 2,484 ! 18. 2U Masters, heads of departments. . 3,348 144 3,492 4.30 Head masters 4,212 288 4,500 6.84 34 [Statement No. 5. Issued November 23, 1919.] TEACHERS GIVEN ALL OR MORE THAN THEY ORIGINALLY ASKED FOR. That the School Committee has met the teachers' requests fully, except their latest request for $600, recently presented, will be clear from the following facts from the official records of the Committee. The proposed $384 is $96, or one annual increase, more than the elementary assistants petitioned for on June 23. In the new schedule the junior masters have been given $3,060 as a maximum, as they requested. The proposed maximum salary for sub masters is $2,820, or $220 more than they petitioned for. On June 23, 1919, the following petition was presented to the School Committee: To the Boston School Committee: The Boston Teachers' Club respectfully petitions for an increase of three increments of $96 each, for all Boston teachers now receiving such single increment ($96), thus raising salaries of said teachers three steps on their respective schedules, and adding $288 to their respective maximums and minimums. We also petition for proper adjustments necessary to keep the present relationship in salaries of women directors and supervisors. We appreciate the financial situation of the School Depart- ment, but feel sure that for the best interests of Boston schools we can all work for this increase of salary. CORA BIGELOW, President. Communications were also presented to the School Committee on the same date from the Boston Women Teachers' Union, Local 88, indorsing the above petition. On the same date the Executive Board of the Boston Elementary Teachers' Club, representing assistants in elementary schools, teachers of cookery, sewing and 35 assistant instructors in manual training and continua- tion schools, also petitioned for an increase of $288 for the teachers of these ranks. On June 16, 1919, the Boston Schoolmen's Economic Association sent to the Chairman of the School Com- mittee the following resolutions, which had been unani- mously passed by the above Association: (1) Resolved, That it is the sense of the Boston Schoolmen's Economic Association that, in view of the present high cost of living, all Boston teachers should receive a substantial increase in salary at once, and a further increase as soon as the necessary legislation can be passed. (2) Resolved, That the Boston Schoolmen's Economic Asso- ciation request the School Committee that the maximum salary of Junior Masters be restored to that attained prior to 1906; and that the maximum salary of submasters be restored to that attained prior to 1877. From 1896 to 1906 the maximum salary of junior masters was $3,060. From 1873 to 1877 the maximum salary of the submasters was $2,600. STACY B. SOUTHWORTH, President. The first information that the teachers had changed the amount asked for came to the School Committee at the public conference on October 15, when the representatives of three groups of teachers asked for $600, not for everybody, but for their groups. In reaching a decision to grant an increase of $384, the School Committee was pleased that it had found it possible to grant a larger increase than had been pre- viously asked for by the teachers. The Committee has also been gratified that its efforts to get the matter of increase in teachers' salaries before the special session of the Legislature have been successful, and that, if the special session of the Legislature takes appropriate action, the increases in salaries will take effect on January 1, 1920, instead of a year later in case the matter were to wait for the regular session of the Legis- lature. 36 [Statement No. 6. Issued November 24, 1919.] A GRADUATED vs. A FLAT INCREASE. In the new salary schedules proposed by the School Committee, in response to the suggestions of the teachers themselves, minor readjustments have been made in order to bring into more harmonious relationship the compensation of teachers of various allied groups. Undoubtedly, some inequalities exist in the present schedule; some inequalities will probably exist in the proposed schedule; and other inequalities not now apparent may develop in the future. These will have to be adjusted in the light of future developments. It is undoubtedly true that if a series of new salary schedules could be adopted as an entirely new proposi- tion, disregarding the past, a better and more scientific relationship could be established among the teachers of different ranks. The present schedules, however, are the result of years of practice and have grown up as a result of the necessity of meeting varying conditions from time to time, such as paying sufficient salaries to attract candidates possessing the prescribed qualifica- tions for appointment, the necessity of attracting into school service persons engaged in other vocations, industrial and commercial, where the outside market value of such service must be considered, and other considerations of expediency, policy, and educational and professional standards of qualifications that have from time to time arisen. Some of the reasons why a $600 flat increase would not be for the best interests of the service are as follows : 1. Because it does not permit of the correction of injustice or inequalities in the existing schedule which have been complained of by some groups of teachers and have been recognized by the School Committee. 37 2. Because the salaries of certain of the industrial groups have already been fixed at rates sufficiently high to secure and hold these people in competition with the industries paying wages at war time rates. 3. Because such a comparatively large increase to the maximum of the salaries of certain of the highest paid groups would put the salaries of such persons at a point never requested by those groups, at a point wholly out of harmony with the remainder of the schedule, and far higher than the salaries paid similar ranks in any other city would justify. 4. Because it does not give the relief from economic pressure in as satisfactory a manner as a graduated increase, which gives the larger amount to the lower paid teacher and a smaller amount to the higher paid teacher. 38 [Statement No. 7. Issued November 25, 1919.] HOW THE PROPOSED SCHEDULE AFFECTS THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHER. Under the present schedule an elementary teacher appointed January 1, 1920, would receive $696 for the first year of her service. On January 1, 1921, her salary would be increased $96, so that during 1921 she would receive $792. Each succeeding year, on January 1, she would be advanced at the rate of $96 per year until 1927, during which year she would receive $1,368, which is the maximum salary of the present schedule. Under the proposed schedule a teacher appointed January 1, 1920, would be at once placed upon the new minimum salary, namely, $1,080 per year, and for the year 1920 she would therefore receive $384 more than she would have received for that year under the present schedule. On January 1, 1921, she would go on to the second year of the new schedule and for that year would receive $1,176. Qn January 1 of each year thereafter she would be advanced at the rate of $96 until January 1, 1927, when she would reach the maximum salary of the new schedule, namely, $1,752. Therefore, under the new schedule, each teacher will receive $384 more per year than she would receive under the present schedule. . As another example: Take a teacher appointed November 1, 1917. Under the schedule then existing, she was paid at the rate of $600 for her first year of service. On September 1, 1918, under a new schedule adopted, while still on her first year of service, she was advanced to $696 and paid at that rate until her anni- versary on November 1, 1918, when she was advanced to the second year of the existing schedule, or $792 per year. November 1, 1919, she was advanced to the third 39 year of the existing scale, or $888 per year, and she is now on that year of the present schedule and is being paid at the rate of $74 per month. Such a teacher, on January 1, 1920, under the proposed schedule will be advanced to a salary $384 higher than she is now paid, or $1,272 per year, paid in the usual monthly installments of $106 per month. In other words, a teacher who entered the service November 1, 1917, if the new sched- ule goes into effect, will have advanced in two years and two months from $600 per year to $1,272 per year, an increase of $672, or 112 per cent. A teacher who, on November 1, 1917, was on the fifth year of the existing schedule, namely, $792 per year, would, on November 1, 1919, have reached a salary of $1,080 per year. Under the new schedule she would, on January 1, 1920, be placed on that year of the new schedule, which is $384 higher than she is now paid, or $1,464, an increase of $676, or 84.8 per cent, in two years and twp months. A teacher on the maximum salary of her rank Novem- ber 1, 1917, or $1,176 per year, on November 1, 1919, would have reached $1,368 per year. Under the new schedule she would be advanced January 1, 1920, to $1,752 per year, an increase of $576, or 48.9 per cent, in two years and two months. Therefore, under the new schedule, the smallest increase that any elementary assistant will receive, who was in the service on November 1, 1917, will be 48.9 per cent, and the greatest 112 per cent. All elementary assistants will receive increases within these limits. 40 [Statement No. 8. Issued November 26, 1 9 19.] ACTUAL AND COMPARATIVE INCREASES IN TEACHERS' SALARIES, BOSTON AND OTHER CITIES. The amount of actual increase as compared with increases in salaries of teachers of corresponding rank in other cities, and the comparatively high minimum and maximum salary which the proposed increase estab- lishes, are considerations, in addition to those already published, which have determined the action of the School Committee in fixing $384 as the increase for ele- mentary assistants, according to a statement issued from School Committee headquarters. In proposing an increase of $384 for elementary assistants the School Committee believes that it is dealing fairly with the teachers and as generously as the present emergency circumstances make possible. The School Committee's proposed increase of $384 for all elementary assistants is a larger increase than has been given in most of the largest cities of the country during the past two years. The average increase in the minimum salary of elementary school teachers in twenty- four of the largest cities, from September, 1917, to Sep- tember, 1919, was $234. Furthermore, the proposed increase of $384 is the largest increase that has ever been granted to the Boston teachers. In the actual amount of increase, therefore, the School Committee feels that it is doing the fair thing for the teachers. The proposed increase of $384 will raise the minimum salary in Boston from $696 to $1,080. This new mini- mum salary is only $20 less than the highest minimum salary in the twenty-four largest cities of the country. Los Angeles pays $1,100. New York City has raised its minimum salary from $900 to $1,005, but the full amount 41 of the increase of $105 will not be available for teachers until January 1, 1922. The largest increase in minimum salary in any of the twenty-four largest cities during the past two years was $350, in Cleveland, from $550 to $900. Boston's present minimum salary of $696 is now $146 higher than Cleveland's former minimum salary. Boston's proposed minimum salary of $1,080 will also be higher than Cleveland's by $180. The proposed increase of $384 will increase the present maximum salary in Boston from $1,368 to $1,752. The largest increase in the maximum salary for elementary assistants among twenty-four of the largest cities of the country, from September, 1917, to September, 1919, was $600, in Rochester, from $1,000 to $1,600. Here, again, Boston's present maximum salary of $1,368 is now $368 higher than Rochester's was, and Boston's proposed maximum salary will still be higher than Rochester's by $152. With the proposed maximum salary of $1,752 for teachers in grades I to VI, inclusive, Boston ranks first among twenty-four of the largest cities of the country. A comparison of the salaries for other ranks of teachers in the same twenty-four cities shows that there have been few cases of increases in the country larger than the School Committee proposes; that the minimum and maximum salaries on which the cities of the country have based an increase were in every case lower than the minimum and maximum salaries of corresponding ranks in Boston ; and that the 'result of the largest increases in representative cities of the country does not give any of these cities a higher salary in any rank than is pro- posed for Boston, except in the case of the elementary school principals in Jersey City, who receive $3,700. Boston's proposed salary for elementary school prin- cipals is $3,660 $40 less than is paid in Jersey City. 42 [Statement No. 9. Issued November 27, 1919.] PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING PROPOSED SALARY INCREASES. The proposed new salary schedule has been prepared by the School Committee on the basis of three under- lying principles which are fundamental : 1. Largest proposed increase in salary goes to the lowest paid teachers in the service. 2. Some increase in salary is proposed for everyone in the employ of the School Committee. 3. The amount of proposed increases and the read- justments conform as closely as possible to the supply of teachers. The lowest paid teachers in the Boston service are the kindergartners and the elementary assistants. Accord- ingly, they have been given the largest increase, both in actual amount and in per cent of increase. No other rank of teacher is given more. Some increase in salary has been provided for every- one. The nurses, school physicians, the attendance officers, and the directors and supervisors have all been allowed increases in salaries in the new schedule. In addition, the evening school teachers and the teachers in summer review schools will hereafter receive more money for their services. Substitutes, emergency assist- ants, employees in the school centers and clerks in the executive offices have not been left out of consideration. A substantial increase is also proposed for school janitors. In short, the School Committee has consistently followed the principle of something for everybody in the new schedule. In the varying amounts of proposed increases for different ranks of teachers, the School Committee has recognized that there are inequalities in the present ' 43 schedule, as pointed out by teachers, and has tried to readjust some of them. In addition, the School Com- mittee has also taken into account the salary schedules, both present and proposed, in other cities. Assuming; for the moment that living conditions in several cities may be identical, teachers are not likely to leave Boston to teach in other cities if Boston salaries are equal, or about equal, to salaries in those cities. Since compara- tively few teachers who resign from teaching go into other occupations, the probability of losing teachers to other cities depends on the salary there. In establish- ing the proposed new salaries the School Committee has fixed them high enough so that the salaries of teachers elsewhere will not be attractive to Boston teachers. Whether the proposed salaries are high enough to attract into the profession those qualified by nature and training to teach is a question which the Committee has not undertaken at this time to determine fully and con- clusively. It is, perhaps, significant that colleges and universities generally, which for the last few years have suffered from a falling off in attendance, are now, in some cases, almost overwhelmed by the number of students, some of whom will eventually take up the teaching pro- fession, and will, undoubtedly, be attracted thereto by the present general movement to increase teachers' salaries. Certain outstanding facts in the situation should not be overlooked. The School Committee is the legally constituted authority for determining salaries of teach- ers. The usual time to consider such salary questions is in March or April, annually. Its present action, therefore, is taken at an unusual time and avowedly to meet an emergency. The School Committee has dis- charged its responsibility according to reasonable prin- ciples of procedure and on the basis of a large amount of competent evidence. If the School Committee had not had the foresight and had not acted promptly, no general salary increases could have taken place before September 1, 1920, and perhaps not until January 1, 44 wsutt of the Gmmmee % **ted by the necessary legislative authority, the to.. vill benefit to the extent of approximately one mi iWfcw^ between January 1 and , ;^ 1 . 1 Neither should it be foq^ten that this very substantial in the amount of money available for teachers of about 30 per rent will continue indefin thmafter and will not be confined to the ^nfde year 1 45 [Statement No. 10. Issued December 3, 1919.] SCHOOL JANITORS ENTITLED TO A SUB- STANTIAL INCREASE. The status of school janitors, the duties they are called upon to perform, the manner in which their compensa- tion is determined, and the responsibilities imposed upon them, are not generally and clearly understood. In the first place, the janitor is a very important figure in the operation of the school system. A principal or a teacher or several teachers may be absent from duty, and the school in which they are employed will continue in operation. The absence of a janitor, however, especially during the season when the heating apparatus must be operated, means the closing of the school unless a substitute for him can be obtained. The school janitor must have successfully passed a civil service examination, and, except in the smaller and less important school buildings, must also have passed successfully an examination given by the State Police Department for a license to operate various types of heating and ventilating apparatus. There are in the service many men who hold second and third class engineers' licenses, and a few holding first-class engineers' licenses. Every janitor in charge of a steam heating apparatus is required to hold, and does hold, a license obtained by examination, qualifying him to operate the heating apparatus under his charge. A man holding a second or first class engineers' license is necessarily one possessing a high degree of skill and intelligence, and whose market value, under present conditions, gives him an earning capacity of from $40 to $50 per week, which is far more than he receives in the school service. On the other hand, the wages of a day laborer in the THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. FEB 15 1 -FEB-x LD 21-100m-8,'34 Gaylord Bros, Makers Syracuse N Y. PAT. JAN. 2 1,1 908 LIBBAWES 415856 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY