C\J CO CM RACTICAL SYNOPSIS BY ARTHUR BOWES m A PRACTICAL SYNOPSIS OF ENGLISH HISTORY OR A GENERAL SUMMARY OF DATES AND EVENTS FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS, FAMILIES, AND CANDIDATES FOR PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS BY ARTHUR BOWES ! NEW EDITION EEVISED AND ENLARGED LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS YORK STREET COVENT GARDEN 1885 s5^ Tie new Edition of this Manual has been carefully revised, and the narrative of events brought down to the present time. A. B. London, Jan., 1885. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHARTS. ^jg> before a Name indicates a Crowned Head. b. born. = married to. s. p. died childless. ob. vit. pat. died during the father's lifetime. A GENERAL SUMMARY OF PART I. (B.C. 54 TO A.D. 1066.) FROM THE ROMAN TO THE NORMAN INVASION. ENGLAND was anciently peopled by barbarous tribes. Conquered by the ROMANS about the time of our Saviour's birth, it was gradually civilized and Christianized. About A.D. 426 the ROMANS quitted the island, and The BRITONS were driven out of the best of the land by The SAXONS, who were invaded by The DANES ; and both were finally crushed by The NORMANS. Hence came The ENGLISH nation, which in course of time subdued The WELSH (the descendants of the ancient Britons) and The IRISH ; and finally entered upon a union with The SCOTS by the Accession of their King to the English throne in 1603, and the Act of Union in 1707. And since the Union with Ireland, in 1800, the whole Empire bears the title of "The UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND." 315246 A . GENERAL SUMMARY Genealogies of the Saxon and Danish Kings. fe>aron nine. EGBERT, King of Wessex, 800 ;* and of England, 827 . (Ancestor of Queen Victoria, and descended from Cerdic, first King of Wessex, who traces his origin back to WODIN or ODIN, " King of Men.") Ethelwolf, 837. I 1 -r 1 ; 1 Athelstane, K. ^g>Ethelbald, 858. ^gg>Ethelbert, 860, ^fjEthelredl. ^> Alfred the of Kent, Sus- K. during his left heir by his 866, killed Great, 871-2. sex, and Es- father's life- father, s. p. in battle sex, ob. vit. time, s. p. by the ^g^ Edward I. the pat Danes. elder, 900-1. r 1 Elected by the Ethelwald, claims the Witanagemote. throne, slain 905. ^Athelstane, 925. The first tfP Edmund I. 940-1, ^Edred, 946. styled " King of the An- -,the Magnificent. glo-Saxons," or English, | *. p. the Fair, Qg^ Edgar the Peaceable, 955, s.p. 958-9. JLtttC. ^g$ Edward II. 975, the ^)Ethelred II. the Un- Sweyn, King of Den- Martyr, s. p. ready, 979, driven out mark and Norway, of England by Sweyn ; successfully invades returns and dies. England, 10 13, dies. | | , ------ ; --- 1 ^Canute the Great,=pEmma of ^Edmund Ironsides, 101 6, g& Edward III. 1042, sole monarch on I Normandy, recovered half the king- the Confessor, in the death of Ed- widow of dom from the Danes. Is whom the Saxon mund Ironsides, Ethelred killed soon after. See Line is restored on 1017. I II. DANISH LINE. his half-brother | ' -- 1 I Hardicanute's death. Sweyn, Qgp Harold ^>Hardicanute, Edward the Out- Cfi& Harold II. 1066, (son of King of Harefoot, 1040, (also law, died be- Earl Godwin, and bro- Norway. 1036, s.p. K. of Den- fore his uncle, ther-in-law of Edward mark,) s. p. 1057. III.) takes the crown. | Killed at Hastings* Edgar Atheling, Margaret, (from whom descends James rightful heir of I. of England,) on her brother's death theSaxonLine, became sole heir of the SAXON LINE. s. p. (See p. 6.). * The date after a monarch's name is that of his Accession. f Harold was the only Saxon king not cf th< rovaJ blood of Cerdic. OF ENGLISH HISTORY. PEINCIPAL EVENTS OF THIS PERIOD. THE Romans under Julius Caesar invade Britain, A.D. B.C. 55 and 54. Again during the reign of the Emperor Claudius 43 The Romans quit Britain 426 The Saxons, under Hengist and Horsa (according to tradition), invited by King Vortigern to assist him against the Picts and Scots, about 450 They attack and drive the Britons out of all the land except Cornwall, Wales, and Cumberland. (Some fled to Armorica, in France, which from them took the name of Britany.) The inhabitants of Wales still speak the language of the ancient Britons. The Saxons settle in England, and gradually establish the Heptarchy (or " Seven Kingdoms "). See Page 28. These seven nations had always a recognized head, styled Bretwalda, i.e. " Wielder of the Britons," to lead them in cases of emergency and common danger. " The Witanagemote " was the supreme national assembly of the Anglo-Saxons, and is perhaps the germ of our Parliaments. The famous British hero, King Arthur, flourishes. Ar- thurian Romance has obscured his story. Killed about 542 St. Augustine, a Romish Monk, converts the Saxons and re-introduces Christianity into England, about . 596 The ' Venerable " Bede, the great scholar and historian of Saxon times, born about 673, dies 735 Egbert (a contemporary of Charlemagne), King of Wes- sex, 800, and King of Saxon England 827 The immortal Alfred, warrior, legislator, and poet, van- quishes the Danes. Reigns from 872 to 901 Athelstarie, the greatest prince in Europe of his age, beats the Scots and Danes : first real King of England 925 The Danish Invasion under Sweyn, 1013, Canute the Great becomes King, 1017. This ended a war which had lasted more than 200 years. (Danish Line, see p. 4) 1017 The Saxon line restored in Edward III., called the Confessor, (see p. 4) 1042 [William, Duke of Normandy, claiming to be Edward's heir, invades England, defeats and kills Harold, and usurps the crown from Edgar Atheling, then only fourteen years old.] A GENERAL SUMMARY Genealogy of the Norman, Plantagenet, and Tudor Lines. Saxon ICtne. $8g> William the Con- queror, 1066. i Edgar Atheling, heir of the Sax- on Line, s.p. Margaret, sole=pMalcolm II" heir to her brother Ed- gar. King Scots. Robert Cnrthose, ^g> William II. Duke of Nor- 1087, s.p. mandy, issue failed. Adela=pThe Count of Blois. ^gj) Henry I.=j=Matilda. 1100. ^(Stephen. William, Matilda,=pGeoffery of Scot* lanti CHIEF DATES. A.D. Roman Invasion, B.C. 54, and . 43 Saxon Invasion. (Hepturchy) . 449 Egbert, first King 827 Alfred the Great, from 871 to . 900 Danish Invasion (1013), Canute 1017 The Norman Conquest 1066 Constitutions of Clarendon . . . 1164 Magna Charta 1215 Wars of the Roses, from 1455 to 1471 Great Reformation 1535 The Rebellion, from 1642 to . . 1651 The Revolution 1688 Scotland united 1 707 ; Ireland . 1800 Battle of Waterloo.general Peace 1815 Reform Bills, 1832,1867-68, and 1884 1135. ob.vit.pat. of (the Empress Maud.) Planta- genet, Count of Anjou. ^> Henry II. 1154. Henry, g$ Richard I. ob.vit.pat. 1189. 1199. ( ' Arthur, murdered Qg$ Henry III. 1216. by his uncle John. | ^0 Edward I. 1272. g& Edward II. 1307. I ti& Edward III. 1327. llouse of TTaiuastcr. Bouse of Yorfc. Edward, the Black Prince, ob. vit. pat. ^(Richard II. 1377, de- throned and rfain by his cousin, Hen- ry IV. s. p. Lionel, Duke John o'Gaunt (Ghent), Edmund of Langley, of Clarence. Duke of Lancaster. Duke of York. Whose descen- dant Anne married into the House of York. J. g& Henry IV. 1399. Richard=f=Anne.4$ g& Henry V. 1413 gJB Henry VI. 1422. Richard, Duke of York, slain at Wakefield, 1460. House of tSTutjor. ^ Henry VII. = 1485. r Arthur, ob. vit. pat. Edward, killed ^Edward IV. George, ^Richard III. atTewkesbury, 1461. Dukeof 1483, s.p. 1461, s.p. | " Clarence. Ofr in. pElizabeth, heiress Qfi9 Edward V., and Duke Edward, Earl of Warwick, of the House of of York, both mur- last male of the House York. dered by their uncle, of York, beheaded by Richard III. 1483. Henry VII, 1499, s. p. G8Q) Henry VIII. Mary, youngest Margaret,=f= James IV. King of Sc 1509. dau.grandmo- eldest land, slain at Flodd ther of Lady dau. Jane Grey. ' ,!___, 1547, s. p. Philip II. K. of Spain, Son of the Emperor Charles V. ^>Mary I. ^gElizabeth, 1553, 1558. s.p. s. p. James V. \ Mary, Queen of Scots. (See p. 13.) OF ENGLISH HISTORY. PART II. (1066 TO 1603.) FROM WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR TO THE ACCESSION OF THE STUARTS. 1066. T 1 TILLIAM I. (The Conqueror), beats Harold at \ \ Hastings and seizes the crown. Lays waste a large tract of the country north of the Humber, 1070. Introduces the feudal system and laws in Norman- French. Curfew bell. Domesday book. New Forest made. Dies of an injury received on horseback at the burning of Mantes in Normandy. 1087. WILLIAM II. (Rufus}, pays his brother Robert 10,000 marks for his duchy of Normandy, to enable him to go to the first crusade, 1096. Westminster Hall built, and the Tower completed. Slain by Sir Walter Tyrrel while hunting in the New Forest. Goodwin Sands overflowed. 1100. HENRY I. (Beau-Clerc), marries Matilda, daughter of the King of Scots, and niece of Edgar Atheling. De- feats his brother Robert at Tyncliebray in Normandy, and imprisons him twenty-eight years in Cardiff Castle. His only son, William, drownqd on his passage from Normandy, 1120. Dies from eating lampreys, leaving his daughter Matilda or Maud (widow of the Emperor of Germany and wife of Geoffery Plantagenet, Count of Anjou) the right of succession. 1 135. STEPHEN (ofBlois), grandson of William the Conqueror, by his daughter Adela, usurps the throne. Defeats David, King of Scots, at " the Battle of the Standard," 1138. Civil wars throughout his reign, with the Em- press Maud, during which he is taken prisoner, and exchanged for the Earl of Gloucester, natural son of the late King. Treaty, at Wallingford, Berkshire, 1153, with Henry (Maud's son by Geoffery), that after Stephen's death the crown should go to Henry. A GENERAL SUMMARY of 1 154. HENRY II. (Fitz-Empress), one of our wisest and greatest monarchs. Gains, either by inheritance, marriage, or conquest, more than a third part of France. Conquers Ireland,* and makes Wales pay tribute. Quarrels with the Clergy the Constitutions of Clarendon, 1164 Thomas-a-Becket murdered, 1170. Henry's latter years are embittered by the misconduct of his four sons, Henry, Richard, Geoffery, and John. 1189. RICHARD I. (Cceur-de-Lion), a great warrior: goes to the Holy Land and fights with the Sultan Saladin. On his return taken prisoner by Leopold, Duke of Austria, and ransomed by his subjects. Killed by a bolt from a cross-bow whilst besieging the Castle of Chaluz. 1199. JOHN (Sans Terre), a coward and a tyrant. Murders his nephew Arthur, rightful heir to the crown. Loses his possessions in France ; and pays homage to the Pope for England. Signs MAGNA CHARTA at Run- nymede, 1215. Stephen Langton Archbishop of Canterbury. 1216. HENRY III. (of Winchester}, guided during his minority by the wise Earl of Pembroke. A weak Prince, governed by foreign favourites. War with the Barons. Taken prisoner, at the battle of Lewes, by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, as is also his son, 1264. Prince Edward escapes ; defeats and kills Leicester at *Evesham, 1265, and restores his father. Edward goes to the last crusade. In this reign Parliaments first firmly established. 1272. EDWARD I. (Long-shanks), brave but cruel. In the Holy Land when his father dies. Conquers and kills Llewellyn, Prince of Wales ; slays the bards, and makes his son Prince of Wales, 1283-4. Wars through- out his reign with the Scots, 'under Wallace, Baliol, and Bruce. Makes many wise laws, hence termed the English Justinian. 1307. EDWARD II. (of Caernarvon), a weak prince, ruled by his favourites, Gaveston and the De Spencers. Terribly * Under sanction of Adrian IV. (Nicholas Breakspear, the only Englishman ever made Pope), Richard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, invaded Ireland, 1171-2. OF ENGLISH HISTORY. 9 defeated by the Scots under Bruce at Bannockburn, 1314. Cruelly murdered at Berkeley Castle by order of his wife, Isabella of France, and her paramour, Mortimer. Greatest Earthquake ever known in Eng- land, 1318. 1327. EDWARD III. (of Windsor), great and warlike. Beats the Scots at Halidon Hill, 1333. In 1337 lays claim to the throne of France in right of his mother, Isabella, and makes many campaigns. In 1346 ravages France up to the gates of Paris, and in his retreat gains the famous victory of Cressy* Cannon first used. Queen Philippa beats the Scots at Neville's Cross, 1 346, taking King David Bruce prisoner. The Siege of Calais, 1347. The dreadful pestilence called "the Slack Death" begins in Europe, 1348. The Black Prince totally defeats the French at the glorious battle of Poictiers,* 1356, and takes their king, John, prisoner. Order of the Garter instituted 1350. 1377. RICHARD II. (of Bordeaux), son of the Black Prince ; thoughtless but brave. Suppresses the revolt of Wat Tyler, 1381. Banishes his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, son of John o'Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. Boling- broke returns, deposes, and afterwards kills him. Wickliffe the Reformer died, 1384 : he first translated the Bible into English ; his followers were called Lollards. Chaucer, the father of English Poetry, died, 1400. Igouge of 1399. HENRY IV. (Bolingbroke), a bad man, but a wise and prudent King. Persecutes the Lollards. Suppresses the insurrection of Harry Hotspur and Owen Glen- dower, at the Battle of Shrewsbury, 1403. Unjustly detains the Scotch Prince, James, prisoner. 1413. HENRY V. (of Monmouth), reforms his former bad habits and becomes one of our greatest kings. Also persecutes the Lollards (chief martyr, Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham). Makes war with France, and beats Charles VI. at the celebrated battle of Aaincourt* 1415. The Treaty of Troyes ; marries Catherine of France, and * O. III. Prince of Orange, 1689. ^Charles I Martyr, 1 | ary. &&> _ . the 625. Frederick, Count Pala-= tine and King of Bo- hemia. pElizabeth, had seven sons and four daugh- ^Protestant 1|0use ters. of 15 v tuts to i ck. I i Tames Henri I. marri L685. the I ofOrl ?g>Anne, Jan 1702, Fra her Edv chil- "th< dren tend all died diec etta, edto >uke cans. Charles, ] Duke of s Bavaria, t Count t Pala- \ tine. 1 - i - } lupert, E o fa- ali nous in C( le Civil PJ Vars,s./>. tii 1 1 r ;Aom the Hou rdinia, Orlea bon, Salm, 8ft e elder brand led as ROM^ iward, 5O )unt da- le. ses is, es L.N Sophia=j young- est child. g&Geo ^)Geor ^Ernest Au- Sistus, ukeof Bruns- wick, and Elector of Hanover. rge I. 1714. ge H. 1727. ^>Mar II. 1689, s.p. les ncis fard, jPre- er," '? [from u ofSa Sour All ikes exclui young. 1765. CATHOLICS. The male line excluded as Papists by the law of Succession, and the Crown settled on So- phia, youngest, bu t only Protestant child of Elizabeth, daughter of James I. (See House of BRUNSWICK.) Charles James Edward," the young Pre- tender,"died, 1788, s. p. Henry Cardinal de York, died, 1807, s. p. Frederick, Prince of Wales, ob. vit. pat. tfQ George HI. 1760. ^George IV. Duke of GfiaWilliam IV. Duke of Ernest, Duke Duke of Duke 1820. York, 1830, Duke Kent, of Cumber- Sussex, Cam died, of Clarence, died, land, King died, brid 1827, two daugh- 1820. of Hanover, 1843, died s.p. ters, died 1 died, 1851. s. p. 1850 young. J I 1 Princess Char-=Prince Leopold, lotte of Wales, of Saxe -Co- died in child- burg, after- bed, 1817, s.p. wardsKingof Belgium. ^8g>ViCTORiA,=pPrince Albert 1837. George, of Saxe - Co- King of burg, died, Hanover. 1861. A George, Two Duke of daugh- Cam- ters. bridge. Princess Albert Edward, Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold, Beatrice, Royal,b. Prince of Wales, born born born born born born born Nov. 21 r born Nov. 9, 184,% Aug. 6, May 25, Mar. 18, May 1, 1853, Apr. 14, 1840. 1841. d. 1878.. 1844. 1846. 1848. 1850. d. 1884. 1857. 14 A GENERAL SUMMARY CHIEF DATES IN PART III. of Stuart, DESCENDED FROM MARGARET, DAUGHTER OF HENRY VII. JAMKS I. of England, VI. of Scot- land 1 ................ 1603 CHARLES I. the Martyr ...... 1625 Civil Wars from 1642 to 1651. Charles beheaded, Jan. 30, 1649. THE COMMONWEALTH (Kingly Power and House of Lords abo- lished) .............. 1649 CROMWELL, Lord Protector (a Military Despotism) ....... 1653 CHARLES II. (the Restoration) . . . 1660 The Great Plague ....... 1665 Great Fire of London ..... 1666 JAMES II ............... 1685 The Revolution ........ 1688 WILLIAM III. of Orange, and MARY II ............. 1689 Mary dies and William reigns alone ............ 1694 ANNE. War of the Spanish Suc- cession .............. 1702 Marlborough wins Blenheim . 1704 Gibraltar taken ........ 1705 Union with Scotland ..... 1707 St. Paul's finished ....... 1710 Peace at Utrecht ....... 1713 Jftouse of ISrungtotdt, DESCENDED FROM ELTZABETH, DAUGHTER OF JAMES I. GEORGE I., Elector of Hanover . . 1714 First rising of the Scots under the Earl of Mar in favour of the Pretender ........ 1715 GEORGE II .............. 1727 The Great Scotch Rebellion under the young Pretender battle of Culloden . . 1745 Fred. Prince of Wales, dies . . 1750 The New Style introduced . . 1752 " Seven Years' war " begins . 1756 GEORGE III 1760 Conquest of Canada 1760 American War from 1775 to 178S The French Revolution begins ; 178S war with Revolutionary France from 1793 to 1802 Union with Ireland 1800 War with Napoleon Buona- parte, Consul, and after- wards Emperor of France ; 1803 and Peninsular War from 1808 to 1814 The Kings of France restored, and Napoleon sent to Elba . 1814 Slave Trade abolished 1807 "The 100 days." Battle of Waterloo. The Allies enter Paris. The Bourbons again restored ; Napoleon impri- soned for life at St. Helena. General Peace 1815 Queen Victoria born 1819 GEORGE IV 1820 Cato Street conspiracy 1820 Catholic Emancipation .... 1829 WILLIAM IV 1830 Reform Bill 1832 Abolition of Slavery 1834 VICTORIA 1837 Marries Prince Albert .... 1840 Corn Laws repealed 1846 Duke of Wellington died . . . 1852 Russian War, from 1853 to . . 1856 Indian Mutiny, 1857 and . . . 1858 Prince Albert dies, Dec. 14 . . 1861 Reform Bills, 1867-68 and . . 1884 Irish Church disestablished . . 186Q OF ENGLISH HISTORY. 15 PART III. (1603 TO 1884.) FROM JAMES I. TO THE PRESENT TIME. of Stuart. DESCENDED FROM MARGARET, DAUGHTER OF HENRY VII. 1603. JAMES I. of England, and VI. of Scotland. A pedant. Gunpowder-plot, 1605. Executes Sir Walter Raleigh for conspiring to place Lady Arabella Stuart * on the throne. The authorized Bible produced, 1607-11. In 1612 loses his eldest son, Henry, a most talented, vir- tuous, and amiable prince. A peaceful but puerile reign. 1625. CHARLES I. a good man, but a mistaken king. Tries to reign without a Parliament. Lord Strafford beheaded. The Irish Papists rise and massacre forty thousand Pro- testants, 1641. The CIVIL WARS, 1642 to 1651. The Royal Standard first raised at Nottingham ; first battle at Edge Hill, 1642, indecisive: many others follow. The Royalists were termed " Cavaliers," the Parlia- mentarians "Roundheads." Two distinguished men fell early in this contest Lord Falkland, killed at Newbury, on the one side John Hampden, in a skir- mish near Oxford, on the other both in 1643. Prince Rupert (the king's nephew) is defeated at Marston Moor, 1644, chiefly through Cromwell. Charles is totally defeated by Cromwell at Naseby, 1645 ; takes refuge with the Scotch army at Newark ; they give * RELATIVE CLAIMS OP KING JAMES AND HIS COUSIN ARABELLA STUART. James IV. of=pMargaret Tudor, eldest dau.=f=Arohibald Douglas, Scotland. I of Henry VII. of England, j Earl of Angus. James V. Margaret Douglas=pStuart, Earl of Lenox. ____ I _ | Mary Queen of=pHenry Stuart, Charles Stuart, Scots. I Lord Darnley. Earl of Lenox. James VI. of Scotland, Arabella Stuart. I. of England. 16 A GENERAL SUMMARY him up to the English, 1647, by whom he is tried, and ultimately beheaded, Jan. 30, 1649 ; Hampden's " Ship money "trial, J637. 1649. THE COMMONWEALTH. Kingly power and House of Lords abolished. The great Marquis of Montrose, after long upholding the royal cause in Scotland, is betrayed and executed there. Cromwell storms Drogheda and quells the Irish Royalists, 1649. The Scots set up young Charles, and under General Leslie are defeated at Dunbar, 1650. Prince Charles is totally defeated by Cromwell at Worcester ; hides in an oak and escapes abroad, 1651. Royal Society established 1650. 1653. CROMWELL. A military despotism. Turns out the Rump Parliament, locks the doors and becomes Lord Protector. Great sea-fights between Blake and the Dutch Admiral, Van Tromp. Cromwell dies, Septem- ber 3, 1658 ; his son, Richard, succeeds, but soon after resigns. The Rump Parliament revives. Milton lived during this period. 1660. CHARLES II. profligate and witty. Restored by General Monk, who is created Duke of Albemarle, The Great Plague, 1665, and the GREAT FIRE OF LONDON, 1666. Sea-fights between the English, under Prince Rupert and the Duke of Albemarle, and the Dutch, under the younger Van Tromp and De Ruyter. Pretended " Popish Plot " disclosed by Titus Gates, 1678. "The Rye-House Plot," for which William Lord Russell, and Algernon Sidney, are executed. Standing army begun. Habeas Corpus Act passed, 1679, 1685. JAMES II. A bigot. Openly declares himself a Papist. The Duke of Argyle rebels in Scotland, and is executed. The Duke of Monmouth (natural son of Charles II.) lands at Weymouth, and claims the kingdom ; he is defeated at Sedgemoor, taken, and beheaded5 1685. Colonel Kirke and Judge Jeiferies exercise horrid cruelties on the rebels. The Seven Bishops imprisoned in the Tower, 1688. The Prince of Orange (James's nephew and son-in-law) being invited to the throne, lands at Tor Bay ; and James, abandoned by every one, even his own children, escapes to France. These events culminate in THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, 1688. 1689. WILLIAM III. (of Orange), and MARY II. The OF ENGLISH HISTORY. 17 British Constitution settled by the "Bill of Rights." James trying to regain his throne, is beaten by William at the Battle of the Boyne, 1690 ; in Scotland, Viscount Dundee is killed after winning the battle of Killie- crankie, 1689. The Massacre of Glencoe, 1692. War with France. National Debt begins. Bank of Eng- land founded, 1694. 1694. Queen Mary dies of small-pox, and William reigns alone. The last of Princess Anne's children being dead, the crown is settled on the Protestant descendants of Prin- cess Sophia of Hanover, grand-daughter of James I. William dies of a fall from his horse. 1702. ANNE. The "War of the Spanish Succession," Eng- land, Germany, and Holland, against France and Spain. The Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene win Blenheim, 1704. The Earl of Peterborough fights in Spain, and takes Barcelona, 1704. Gibraltar taken by Sir George Rooke, 1705. Marlborough wins Ramillies, 1706 ; Oudenarde, 1708 ; and Malplaquet, 1709. THE UNION WITH SCOTLAND, 1707. St. Paul's Cathedral finished in 1710, by Sir Christopher Wren. The Peace of Utrecht, 1713. The Augustan Age of English Literature Swift, Dryden, Addison, Steele, Pope. Igottge DESCENDED FKOM ELIZABETH, DAUGHTER OF JAMES I. 1714. GEORGE I. (Elector of Hanover), comes to the throne in right of his mother, the Princess Sophia. The Scots, under the Earl of Mar, rise in favour of the Pretender in 1715, and are beaten at Sheriff Muir, and the Eng- lish rebels are defeated the same day at Preston ; Lords Derwentwater and Kenmuir are beheaded. The "South-Sea Scheme" ruins thousands, 1720. Sir Robert Walpole for 22 years prime minister. Upper and Lower Houses of Convocation dissolved 1717. 1727. GEORGE II. War with Spain. Admiral Vernon takes Portobello, fails at Cartagena. George beats the French at Dettinnen, 1743 ; (this is the last battle in which a King of England fights in person.) The French, under Marshal Saxe, beat the English and 18 A GENERAL SUMMARY their Allies at Fontenoy, 1745. In 1745 occurs THE GKEAT SCOTCH REBELLION, in favour of the young Pretender, who defeats Sir John Cope at Preston Pans, near Edinburgh ; then, taking Carlisle, advances to Derby ; but on retreating again into Scotland is totally defeated at Culloden, 1746, by the Duke of Cumber- land. The Pretender escapes, after many hardships, to France. Of his adherents, three noblemen are beheaded, and seventy officers hanged. Admiral Anson beats the French, off Cape Finisterre, and Admiral Hawke does the same, off Belle Isle, in 1747. The Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 concludes the war, which had lasted nearly thirty years. Frederick, Prince of Wales, dies, 1750. The NEW STYLE in- troduced, 1752. Canal communication established 1758-59. THE SEVEN YEARS WAK, 1756 to 1763. Begins in consequence of France trying to take our colonies in India and North America from us. Admiral Byng shot for not fighting. The great Lord Clive lays the foundation of our power in India, and drives the French entirely out, winning the memorable battle of PLASSY in 1757. Great conquests in North America from the French : General Wolfe storms " The Heights of Abraham," and takes Quebec from the Marquis Montcalm in 1759 (both these brave men are slain in the fight). In the same year the battle of Minden is won in Germany : Boscawen beats one French fleet, and Hawke another, off Belle Isle. In 1760 all Canada yields to Lord Amherst. George dies suddenly. The war continues till 1763, when, by the treaty signed at Paris, France cedes all her North American possessions, and is precluded from maintaining armed forces in India. , 1760. John Wilkes is expelled from the House of Commons for pub- lishing " No. 45" of the North Briton, 1762. Watt's first Steam Engine made, 1763. Junius's Letters pub- lished, 1769. THE AMERICAN WAR, from 1775 to 1783. Originates in the New England States refusing to be taxed by the mother- country; at Boston they throw the taxed tea into the sea, and a Congress of Deputies for the Colonies meets at Philadelphia, 1774-. In 1775 the first skirmish occurs at Lexington; battle of Bunker's Hill. 1776, the Colonies declare them- selves independent. 1777, they appoint Washington their commander-in-chief ; Burgoyne, the English General, takes Ticonderoga ; surrenders at Saratoga. 1778, France aids the revolt; next year Spain and Holland do the same. Rodney's victories over the French and Spanish; unsuccessful Siege of Gibraltar by the Spanish (General Elliot baffling all their efforts), 1779-80-1-2. Lord Cornwallis surrenders, with his army, to Washington, 1782. Peace signed at Versailles with France and Spain, and the Independence of the Colonies recognized, 1783. They form a Republic under the name of "The United States of North America." OF ENGLISH HISTORY. 19 Warren Hastings impeached in 1787, tried from 1788 to 1795, and acquitted 1796. Tippoo Sahib, Sultan of Mysore, and son of Hyder Ali, declares war in India, and is beaten by Lord Cornwallis and General Harris in 1792. The French Revolution begins in 1789 ; Louis XVI. beheaded in 1793, and England instantly declares war. WAR WITH REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE from 1793 to 1802. 1794, Lord Howe's victory of the 1st of June. Sir John Jervis beats the Spanish fleet off Cape St. Vincent, and is created Earl St. Vincent, 1797. Admiral Duncan defeats the Dutch Admiral, De Winter, and is created Vis- count, 1797. Sir Horatio Nelson wins the famous " Battle of the Nile " over the French, 1798, and is made a Lord. Seringaputam taken by General Harris and Sir David Baird, and Tippoo killed, 1799. Same year, General Buonaparte repulsed by Sir Sidney Smith at the Siege of Acre. In 1801, the French are beaten at the battle of Alexandria by Sir Ralph Abercrombie, who is killed there; and Lord Nelson destroys the Danish fleet at Copenhagen. The peace of Amiens concludes the war, and England restores her conquests, 1802. Irish Insurrection, 1798. UNION WITH IRELAND, 1800. War with Napoleon Buonaparte, Consul, afterwards Em- peror of France, 1803. General Wellesley in India, wins the memorable battle of Assay e s 1803. Lord Nelson killed at the moment of victory, having totally destroyed the French and Spanish fleets, at the immortal sea-fight off Trafalgar Bay, 1805. Pitt, and his great rival, Fox, die, 1806. Sir John Stuart beats the French at Maida in Italy, 1806. THE PENINSULAR WAR. 1808. Sir Arthur Wellesley lands in Portugal, beats Marshal Junot at Vimeira. Disgraceful "Convention of Cintra" by Sir Hew Dalrymple. Famous retreat of Sir John Moore from the north of Spain to the coast. He wins the Battle of Corunna, but is killed there, January, 1809. 1809. Marshal Soult invades Portugal, and takes Oporto, but is expelled by Sir Arthur Wellesley, who beats three Marshals at Talai'era, and is created Viscount Wellington. 1810. Marshal Massena invades Portugal. Wellington retreats, beats him at Busaco ; entrenches himself in the celebrated " Lines of Torres Vedras." (In England a jubilee is held to celebrate the fiftieth year of the sovereign's reign.) 1811. General Graham beats Marshal Victor at Barossa, near Cadiz. Beresford wins Albuera over Soult, and Wellington chases him through Portugal, and wins the battle of Almeida. 1812. Wellington, in spite of Marshal Marmont, storms Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz ; wins the splendid victory of Salamanca, and enters Madrid. 1813. Graham storms St. Sebastian. Wellington completely routs King Joseph Buonaparte and Marshal Jourdan at the famous battle of Vittoria : gains the "battles of the Pyrenees " over Soult, and enters France. 1814. Wellington in France, crosses the Adour, wins the battle of Orthes; storms Toulouse : The sortie of Bayonne : Peace. Buonaparte retains the title of Emperor, but is sent to Elba, and Louis XVIII. is made King of France. 1814. George Stephenson's first locomotive. 1815. "THE 100 DAYS," or return of Napoleon. The battle of WATERLOO, June 18th. The Allies enter Paris. 20 A GENERAL SUMMARY The Bourbons again restored, and Napoleon banished for life to St. Helena. GENERAL PEACE. 1816. Bombardment of Algiers by Admiral Lord Exmouth. 1817. Princess Charlotte of Wales, only child of the Prince Regent, wife of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, and heir-apparent to the throne, dies, to the universal grief of the nation. Soon after, the Dukes of Clarence, Kent, and Cambridge marry. Queen Victoria born 1819. d5eorge tfje fourth 1820. (Had been Regent since 1811, in consequence of his father's derangement of mind.) 1820. The Cato Street Conspiracy ; Thistlewood and four of his accomplices executed for high treason. Queen Caroline's trial, rejoicings at her acquittal. Riots at her funeral next year. 1821. Napoleon Buonaparte dies in captivity at St. Helena. 1824 to 1826. War in India with the Burmese, by which the East India Company acquire Arracan and Assam. 1825. A monetary crisis many country banks fail. 1827. The Turkish navy annihilated at the " untoward " battle ofNavarino by the English, Russian, and French fleets. 1828. The Test and Corporation Act repealed. 1829. The Catholic Emancipation Bill passed, KMliam t^e jfourt^, isso. (Third son of George III. ; his elder brother the Duke of York died in 1827.) 1830. Liverpool and Manchester Railway (thejirst in England) opened. Revolution in France, Charles X. expelled, and Louis Philippe made " King of the French." 1831. The Cholera. New London Bridge opened. 1832. The Reform Bill passed. 1833. Eight Protestant Irish Bishoprics and two Archbishoprics suppressed. 1834. Abolition of slavery in all British possessions. The Municipal Corporation Reform. Houses of Parliament burnt ; since rebuilt with great splendour. The New Poor Law. East India Company's monopoly abolished. OF ENGLISH HISTORY. 21 Principal political characters of this and the succeeding reign : Prime Ministers Duke of Wellington, 1827 ; Earl Grey, 1830 ; Viscount Melbourne, 1834 and 1835 ; Sir Robert Peel, 1834 and 1841 ; Lord John Russell, 1846 ; Earl of Derby, 1852 and 1858 ; Earl of Aber- deen, 1852 ; Viscount Palmerston, 1855. Lords Chan- cellor, Lyndhurst and Brougham. The Irish Agitator Daniel O'Connell. (Victoria, 1837. (Grand-daughter of George III. by his fourth son, the Duke of Kent, who died in 1820.) By the laics of Hanover (the Salic law) no female can succeed, hence that Crown falls to the DUKE OF CUMBERLAND. 1837. Revolt of the French Canadians ; put down by Sir Francis Head in Upper, and Sir John Colburn in Lower Canada, 1838 : the two Provinces united, 1839. Chartist disturbances. Wheatstone's first Electric Telegraph. 1838. First steam voyage to America by the " Great Western." 1839. Photography discovered by Daguerre. WAR WITH THE AFGHANS 1838 to 1842. The Russians abetting Dost Mahommed at Herat, Lord Auckland, Governor- General of India, determines to re-instate Shah-Soojah, and Gen. Keane overruns Cabul, 1839. Dost Mahommed is made prisoner, and the Shah placed on the throne an English force being left to protect him. Akbar Khan, the son of Dost, carries on the war : the troops in Cabul are treacherously massacred ; but Gen. Sale's small garrison at Jellalabad gallantly holds out till a fresh army is sent to its relief by Lord Ellenborough, the successor of Lord Auckland, 1842. The English then take full revenge for their late disasters, destroy the strongest fortresses, and withdraw. 1840. Marriage of her Majesty with Prince Albert. The Penny Postage introduced. War with China on the Opium question lasts three years ; the Emperor is compelled to pay an indemnity, to open five ports, and to cede Hong-Kong. Mehemet AH, Pacha of Egypt, backed by France, rebels against Turkey, but is forced by the English and Allies to sue for peace after the bombardment of Acre by Commodore Napier. 1841. Prince of Wales born, Nov. 9. INDIA, 1842 to 1849. CONQUEST OF SCINDE AND OP THE PUNJAUB. War with the Sikhs. The victory of Moodke costs us the life of the brave Sale, 1842. Peace. 1843, Lord Ellenborough reduces Gwalior, and is recalled. 22 A GENERAL SUMMARY The Ameers of Scinde conquered by Sir Charles Napier at Meeanee, and Scinde added to our Indian Empire. The Sikhs renew the war in 1845, without pro- vocation ; Lord Hardinge(then Sir Henry) being Governor-General : Sir Hugh Gough beats them at Fewzeshah, Sir Harry Smith at Atiwal, and Gough again totally at Sobnnm. 18<18, The war renewed : 1849, The siege of Mooltan; Lord Gough receives a check at Chitlianioallah, but gains a decisive victory at Goojemt: the whole of the Punjaub is then annexed. 1844. The Emperor of Russia and Louis Philippe visit England. 1846. The Corn Laws repealed. A famine in Ireland, from the loss of the staple food by the " potatoe-disease," is succeeded by a pestilence, and a great emigration of the lower orders. These combined causes reduce the population nearly two millions in four years. 1847. Kaffir War at the Cape of Good Hope. 1848. Revolution in France. Louis Philippe expelled and a Republic proclaimed. Similar disturbances throughout Europe: [attempted Chartist rising at home, sup- pressed without bloodshed by the prudent measures of the Duke of Wellington.] In Dec. Louis Napoleon becomes President ; and afterwards [1852] makes him- self Emperor of the French. 1850. The Pope issues a Bull establishing a Roman Catholic hierarchy in England. First Submarine Telegraph, (Dover to Calais). Repeal of the Navigation Laws. 1851. The Great Exhibition. Gold found in Australia. 1852. The Duke of Wellington, "the Hero of a hundred fights," dies Sept. 14, aged 83. Pegu gained from the Burmese. WAR WITH RUSSIA, 1853 to 1856. Russia's ambitious views on Turkey rouse the attention of Europe ; and England and France arm on behalf of the latter : War is proclaimed. Prussia stands neutral, and Austria nearly so ; but the Turks defend themselves gallantly on the Danube under Omer Pacha till the English and French arriving, transfer the seat of war to the Crimea. The troops suffer dreadfully from want, cold, and disease ; but win immortal glory before Sebastopol and Russia comes to terms. Chief incidents : Defence of Silistria by the Turks. 1854, Odessa bombarded; the Baltic Fleet destroys Bomarsund. Sept. the Allies land at Eupatoria, and gain the battle of the Alma. Oct. begin the siege of Sebastopol ; brilliant cavalry charge at Balakiava. Nov. 5, win the battle of Inkermann. 1855, The Czar Nicholas dies, March 2. 15,000 Sardinians join the Allies in the Crimea. Russians beaten at the Tchernai/a. The City and the forts of the South side of Sebastopol fall ; but Prince Gortschakoff still holds the North. Successes of Sir E. Lyons in the Sea of Azov. Cronstadt blockaded in the Baltic. In Asia Minor, Kars yields to famine after a fine defence by Gen. Williams, commanding the Turkish garrison. Lord Raglan, the English Commander-in- chief in the Crimea, dies, during the campaign, of anxiety and fatigue. 1856, Peace, March 30. 1856. War with Persia ; Herat taken. In India, Lord Dal- housie, the Governor-General, annexes Oude ; is suc- ceeded by Lord Canning. OF ENGLISH HISTORY. 23 THE INDIAN MUTINY, 1857-8. 1857. The Sepoys (sipahis), mainly recruited from the high Brahminical caste, and hitherto remarkable for their fidelity, on the pretext that their cartridges were greased with animal fat as an affront to their religion, burst into revolt: in- credible atrocities are perpetrated, and the whole province of Bengal becomes a scene of carnage. They spare neither age, sex, nor calling proclaim the descendant of the Great Mogul Sovereign at Delhi and, seizing on treasure, arms, and ammunition, avow their intention to drive the English out of India. The heroic conduct of the unprepared and astonished Britons, at isolated spots, in the midst of disaster, despair, and death, will ever form a glorious page in our history. This firmness proves the first element of success. The Governor- General, Lord Canning, proves equal to his post and the emergency ; the Hindoo population and the chief Native Princes remain faithful the other provinces do not join the rebels ; the tide turns, and, rally ing from their surprise, the English gradually make head against their foes. Gen. Havelock particularly distin- guishes himself in his attempts to rescue the garrison of Lucknow, in which, after gaining nine engagements, he is successful : Delhi is stormed by Gen. Wilson ; other great names are those of the two Lawrences and Gen. Outram. 18.58. In the meantime the mother country had roused herself to the occasion, and, pouring in fresh troops, the rebellion is gradually trampled out by Sir Colin Campbell Lord Clyde. The Government of India is transferred from the East India Company to the Crown, and on November 1, her most gracious Majesty is proclaimed " QUEEN OF INDIA, AND OF OUR COLONIES IN ASIA, AFRICA, AM'EHICA, AND AUSTRALIA." Amongst the valuable lives this dreadful insur- rection cost the country were Sir Hugh Wheeler, Sir Henry Lawrence, Sir Henry Havelock, Capt. Sir Will. Peel, R.N., and Generals Neill and Nicholson. Its most dreadful incident is the atrocious massacre of the ladies and children, and other prisoners at Cawnpore (after surrender) by Nana Sahib. 1857. War with China : 1858, Canton taken. Lord Elgin gains great concessions. He also concludes a treaty with Japan, hitherto closed against all foreigners except the Dutch. Great commercial crisis in England and America many disgraceful failures of merchants and joint-stock banks. Victoria Cross instituted. 1858. Jan. 25. Marriage of the Princess Royal to Prince Frederick- William of Prussia. Jews admitted into Parliament. First Atlantic Telegraph. 1859. The Volunteer Movement commences. 1860. International Treaty of Commerce with France. Great Volunteer Reviews in London and Edinburgh. First voyage of " Great Eastern." CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. I860, Dec. After the election of President Lincoln, the Southern part of the United States secedes from the Northern, elect Jefferson Davis as the president, and assume the title of " The Confederate States" (1861). A long and sanguinary Civil War follows, which ultimately ends (1865) in the defeat and submission of the Confederates, and the consequent abolition of slavery throughout North America. England suffers much from the war ; her cotton industries being paralyzed through the absence of raw material. In 1861 she is nearly involved in hostilities with the Federals through the seizure of two Confederate Commissioners on board the Trent, an English mail-steamer. 1861. Death of Prince Albert intense grief of the nation. 24 A GENERAL SUMMARY Abolition of the paper duty. Post Office Savings Banks opened. 1862. A second great International Exhibition. The Alabama, a famous Confederate cruiser, built at Birkenhead. Lancashire Cotton famine. 1863. The Metropolitan " Underground" Railway opened. Marriage of the Prince of Wales to the Princess Alex- andra of Denmark. 1864. Birth of Prince Albert Victor Christian Edward of Wales. Garibaldi visits England. The Fenian ex- citement begins in Ireland. 1865. Death of Lord Palmerston and Mr. Cobden. 1866. Habeas Corpus Act suspended in Ireland. 1867. Mr. Disraeli's Reform Bill passed (Scotland and Ireland in 1868). The first ship passes through the Suez Canal. 1868. The Abyssinian War, fall of Magdala. 1869. Disestablishment of the Irish Church. Hudson's Bay Territory acquired. 1870. The Franco-Prussian War, neutrality of England. Arrival of the Empress Eugenie in England. 1871. Settlement by arbitration of the Alabama difficulty between England and the United States. 1872. First election by Ballot. Assassination of Lord Mayo by a fanatic in India. 1873. Napoleon III. dies at Chislehurst. Death of Living- stone. The Ashanti War. 1874. The Atlantic Cable successfully laid. Adherence of the government to the International Postal Union. 1875. The Prince of Wales visits India. Purchase of Suez Canal shares by the Government. 1876. Her Majesty assumes the title Empress of India. The Turkish- Servian War Conference of Constantinople. 1877. Great debates on the Eastern Question. The Russo- Turkish War. Telephones first shown in London. 1878. Alarming famine in India. British fleet before Con- stantinople. The Berlin Congress. Death of the Princess Alice. War with the Afghans, 1878-1881. 1879. Disturbances in South Africa, the Zulu War. Exhi- bitions of Electric lighting. 1880. War with the Boers of the Transvaal. Lord Beacons- field dissolves Parliament. 1881. Death of Lord Beaconsfield. Popularity of Manitoba as a field for emigration. Many agrarian outrages in Ireland. OF ENGLISH HISTORY. 25 1882. Channel Tunnel project checked. War with the Egyptian rebels closes with victory at Tel-el-Kebir. Parcels Post Bill passed. 1883. Frequency of dynamite plots. Great International Fisheries Exhibition in London. A peerage conferred upon the poet laureate Tennyson. 1884. Death of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, a talented and estimable prince. War in the Egyptian Soudan. Great International Health Exhibition in London. Agitation regarding the extension of the Franchise, the new Reform Bill passed, enfranchising 2,000,000 county voters. A TABLE OF In this TABLE the Dates of Accession are in general the Monarch's Name. Relation to last King. Born. Married. Iss Sons. ne. Daus. 6 1 2 3 3 2t 9 1 2 5 2 7 2t n i- oj 3 4 4 3 4 4t 1 5 6 1 2 5 i *SSU, House of Stuart. House of Tudor. Hg rf Bjgjf _ House of Plantagenet. N [ | r William I 1024 1060 1068 1104 1132 1157 1166 1207 1239 1284 1312 1366 1367 1388 14121 1442 1470 1443 1457 1491 1537 1516 1533 1566 1600 1630 1633 1650 1662 1665 1660 1683 1738 1762 1765 1819 Matilda, of Flanders ... . 4 \l 2 5 fO 12 2 (4 (2 2 7 C 1 1 3 1 2 f2 1 1 .0 2 4 (4 (2 * 1 3 9 4 William II. , Henry I. ... - Stephen .... C Henry II.... Richard I. . . John . . Son Brother .... Nephew. . . . Cousin ( Matilda of Scotland ( Adeliza of Louvaine ( Eleanor of Guienne or Son Brother .... Son Berengaria of Navarre ( Aviza of Gloucester . ( Isabella of Angouleme . . . Eleanor of Provence Henry III. . . Edward I. .. Ed ward II... Edward III. . Richard 1 1... r Henry IV. . . Henry V Son Son Son ( Eleanor of Castile ( Marguerite of France .... Isabella of France Grandson . . . Cousin ( Anne of Bohemia, and Isa- l bel of Valois ( Mary of Hereford Son Catherine of Valois L Henry VI. . . [Edward IV Son Margaret of Anjou Elizabeth Woodville Edward V. . . Richard III.. [Henry VII.. Son Uncle. {Anne of Warwick (widow of Prince Edward, son of Henry VI.) Elizabeth of York Henry VIII.. Edward VI. . Mary I Son f Catherine of Aragon .... I Anne Boleyne (beheaded). Jane Seymour (died in J child-bed) . j Anne of Cleves (divorced). Catherine Howard (be- headed). . . Son Sister 1. Catherine Parr Philip of Spain ^ Elizabeth . . . James I Sister Anne of Denmark Charles!.... Charles II. . . James II. ... William III., and Mary II Son Son Brother .... Nephew . ."j and I Daughter.. J Sister to Mary Catherine of Braganza .... < Anne Hyde ( Mary d'Este . Mary Stuart, Queen of Eng- land William of Orange, King of Geor~e of Denmark Sophia of Zell George II. . George III. George IV . William IV. ^ VICTORIA . . Son Grandson . . . Son Brother .... Niece Wilhelmina of Anspach .... Charlotte of Mecklenburg . . Caroline of Brunswick .... Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen . Albert of Saxe-Cobur Other children, who died young. REFERENCE. days of the preceding Monarch's Death or Dethronement. Monarch's Name. Came to the Throne. Reigned Years. Date of Death and Cause if not Natural. Age. Buried. Century. William I. . William II . . Oct. 14, 1066 . . Sept. 9, 1087 . . nearly 21 nearly 13 1087 Accident .... 1100 Shot 63 40 Caen (Normandy) ^ Winchester . . Henry I. ... Aug. 2, 1100 . . 35 1135 67 }- llth. Readin" 1 Stephen .... Dec. 1, 1135 . . nearly 19 1154 50 Feversham (Kent) ^ Henry II... . Oct. 25, 1154 . . . .344 1189 . . 57 Fontevrault . > 12th. Richard I ... July 6, 1189 . . . . 95 1199 Shot. 42 Fontevrault -' April 6, 1199 . . ..17* 1216 49 Worcester ^ Henry III Oct. 19 1216 ... 56 1272 64 Westminster > 13th Edward I ... Nov. 16, 1272. . ..34i 1307 69 Westminster ....-' Edward II. . July 7, 1307 . . . . . 19f 1327 Murdered 43 Gloucester ~^ Edward III. . Jan 20, 1327 . . ..50k 1377 . . 64 Westminster Richard II June 21 Io77 22 l 1400 Murdered 33 > 14th. Henry IV. . . Sept. 29, 1399. . . .134 1413 45 Canterbury -\ Henry V March 20 1413 91 1422 33 Henry VI . Aug. 31, 1422. . 38 1471 Murdered 49 Windsor Edward IV. . March 4, 1461 . 22 1483 41 Windsor Edward V April 9 1483 i 1483 Murdered 12 Not known f 15th. Richard III ( June 22, or } 2i 1485 Slain in battle 42 Leicester Henry VII .. ( 26, 1483. . \ Aug. 22, 1485. . . . 23'4 1509 51 Westminster .... Henry VIII April 21 1509 37 s 1547 55 Windsor .... . Edward VI Jan 28, 1547. . . 51 1553 15 - 16th. Westminster .... Mary I July 6, 1553 . . . 5^ 1558 42 Westminster .... Elizabeth . Nov. 17 1558 . 44i 1603 . . 69 James I March 24,1603. 22 1625 58 Westminster ...... Charles I Charles II . March 27, 1625. May 29, 1660 .. nearly 24 . . $243- 1649 Beheaded 1685 48 55 Windsor ] Westminster . . . . | Feb 6 1685 1701 In exile 67 Paris . . William III.. -\ 13 1702 Accident .... 51 J-17th. Westminster .... 1 and Mary II >Feb. 13, 1689. nearly 6 1694 32 Westminster ....-' Anne March 8, 1702 . . .124 1714 49 Westminster ....") George I. . . Auo-. 1, 1714 . . nearly 13 1727 67 Hanover ( . Q ., George II. . June 11, 1727. . 3;U 1760 . . . '. 76 Westminster j 18th ' Georo-e III Oct c >5 1760 59 1 18^0 . 81 Windsor * George IV Jan 29 1820 10 1 1830 67 William IV June 26 1830 1837 71 * Or 36 years, counting from the death of his father. Abdicated December 11, 1688. Interregnum of two months. 28 Kingdom of Contained Capital. First King. T3 1 it 1 1 1. Kent 2. Sussex County of Kent Sussex and Surrey Canterbury Chichester Hengist Ella 4.57-8 491 598 686 8M 700 3. Wessex 7 Western Counties Winchester Cerdic 519 636 1066 4. Essex { gi fDeira, and Essex, Middlesex, ) & part of Herts j Between Humber London York Erchenwin "I 527 604 746 5 - ill and Tyne llda 547 628 792 z-= I^Bernicia. Betwn.Tyne& Forth Bamborough J 6. East Anglia j Camb. Suff. Norf. } and Isle of Ely ] Dunwich Uffa 575 638 783 7. Mercia j 16 Inland Counties ) & part of Herts. J Leicester Crida 582-4 669 847 of anti Monarch's Name. Descent. Began to Reign. 827 836-8 857 860 866 871-2 900-1 925 941 946 955 958-9 975 978-9 1013-14 1016 1017 1036 1040 Died. Reigned Years. 1. Egbert, King of Wessex, 800 2. Ethelwolf ( Descended from Cer- ""( die, 1st K. of Wessex 836 or 8 860 860 866 871-2 900-1 925 941 946 955 958-9 975 978-9 1016 9 21 or 24 3 6 5 29 or 30 24 16 5 9 3 or 4 16 or 17 3 39 3. Ethelbald 4 Ethelbert ~) 5. Ethelred ' ' Sons of Ethelwolf. . 6. Alfred the Great ") 7. Edward I. the Elder . . 8. Athelstan, 1st styled K. of Britain ^ 9. Edmund 1. the Elder , . - l -$nns nf TCilwarrl 10. Edred ... J 11. Edwy , 12. Edgar the Peaceable t Sons of Edmund. . . . 13. Edward II. the Martyr. 14. Ethelred II. the Unready . . | Sons of Edgar Invasion of Sweyn, King 15. Edmund IT. Ironsides .... of Denmark and Norway . . Son of Ethelred .... 1017 1036 10-10 1041-2 1 19 4 2 16. Canute the Great DANISH KINGS. 17. Harold I . ) oc ^ /-i 18. Hardicanute . J Sons of Canute .... SAXON LINE RESTOEED. 19. Edward III. the Confessor . . Edmund 20. Harold II. usurps the throne rSon of Earl Godwin, from Edgar Atheling. Slain at ) and Brother-in-Law Hastings. } to Edward the Con- * fessor. 1041-2 1066 1066 1066 APPENDIX 1. Table of Proper Names for Question and Answer. The Pupil to state all he knows of the Biography of each Individual. Julius Csesar. Hengistand Horsa. Vortigern. King Arthur. St. Augustine. Sweyn. St. Dunstan. Earl Godwin. Edgar Atheling. Robert (Curthose). Sir Walter Tyrrel. The Empress Maud. Adela. David, King of Scots. Earl of Gloucester. GeofFery Plantagenet. Thomas-a-Becket. Pope Adrian IV. Strongbow, Earl of Pem- broke. Prince Arthur of Britany. Stephen Langton. Earl of Pembroke. Simon de Montfort. Llewellyn and David of Wales. Wallace. Baliol. Bruce. Gaveston. The De Spencers. Mortimer. David Bruce. Queen Philippa The Black Prince. Wickliffe. John o'Gaunt. Wat Tyler. Chaucer. Hotspur. Owen Glendower. Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham. John, Duke of Bedford. Joan of Arc, " The Maid of Orleans." Queen Margaret. Richard, Duke of York. Earl of Warwick, " The King- maker." Sir John Grey of Groby. George, DukeofClarence. Caxton. Lord Hastings. Duke of Buckingham. Owen Tudor. Elizabeth of York. Lambert Simnel. Perk in Warbeck. Earl of Warwick, Son of Clarence. Arthur Tudor. Columbus. Empson and Dudley. Luther. Cardinal Wolsey. Coverdale and Tyndale. Duke of Somerset. Duke of Northumberland. Lady Jane Grey. Cranmer, Ridley, and La- timer. " Lord Howard of Effing- ham. Drake. Hawkins. Frobisher. Mary Queen of Scots. Lord Essex. Spenser. Shakespeare. Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland. Sir Walter Raleigh. Lady Arabella Stuart. Henry, Prince of Wales. Lord Strafford. Lord Falkland. John Hampden. Prince Rupert. Great Marquess of Mon- trose. Cromwell. General Leslie. Milton. Blake. Richard Cromwell. General Monk. Van Tromp. De Ruyter. Titus Oates. William, Lord Russell. Algernon Sidney. Duke of Argyle. Duke of Monmouth. The Seven Bishops. Judge Jefferies. Colonel Kirke. Graham of Claverhouse, Lord Dundee. Elizabeth of Bohemia, Countess Palatine. Sophia of Hanover. Duke of Marlboroush. Earl of Peterborough. Sir George Rooke. Sir Christopher Wren. Swift. Dryden. Addison. Steele. Pope. Earl of Mar. The Pretender. Lords Derwentwater and Kenmuir. Sir Robert Walpole. Hosier. Vernon. Marshal Saxe. The Chevalier St. George, "The young Pretender." H) APPENDIX 7. Duke of Cumberland. Marshal Massena. Fredk., Prince of Wales. Graham, Lord Lynedoch. Byng. Marshal Victor. C'live. Marshal Marmont. Wolfe and Mont calm. Marshal Lord Beresford. Anson. Marshal Jourdon. Hawke. George Stephenson. Boscawen. Lord Exmouth. Lord Amherst. Princess Charlotte. John Wilkes. Prince Leopold. Hyder Ali. Thistlewood. James Watt. Queen Caroline. Warren Hastings. Charles X. of France. Tippoo Sahib. Louis Philippe. Washington. Earl Grey. General Burgoyne. Viscount Melbourne. Elliot, Lord Heathfield. Sir Robert Peel. Lord Cornwallis. Lord John Russell. General Lord Harris. Lord Palmers ton. Lord Howe. Earl of Derby. Jervis (Earl St. Vincent). Lord Lyndhurst. Duncan. Lord Brougham. De Winter. Daniel O'Connell. Nelson. Sir Francis Head. Sir David Baird. Sir John Colburn. Sir Sidney Smith. Daguerre. Abercombie. Dost Mahommed. Napoleon Buonaparte. Lord Auckland. Wellington. Shah Soqjah. Pitt. General Lord Keane Fox. Akbar Khan. Sir John Stuart. Lord Ellenborough. Marshal Junot. Sir Robert Sale. Sir Hew Dalrymple. Mehemet Ali. Sir John Moore. Commodore Napier. Marshal Soult. Gen. Sir Charles Napier. Lord Hardinge. Lord Gough. Sir Harry Smith. Louis Napoleon. Lord Raglan. Omar Pacha. Nicholas (Czar of Russia). Prince Gortschakoff. Sir Edmund Lyons. Sir W.Williams of Kars. Lord Dalhousie. Lord Canning. Sir Hugh Wheeler. Sir Henry Havelock. Sir Archdale Wilson. Sir James Outrun. Sir Henry Lawrence. Sir John Lawrence. SirC.Campbell,Ld.Clyde. Sir William Peel. General Neill. General Nicholson. Nana Sahib. Lord Elgin. President Lincoln. Jefferson Davis. Albert, Prince Consort. Garibaldi. Richard Cobden. Lord Mayo. Dr. Livingstone. Princess Alice. Lord Beaconsfield. Tennyson. Duke of Albany. APPENDIX II. Table of Places for Questions and Answers in Geography. The Battle-fields in Italics. Of these, besides pointing out the Place on the Map, the Pupil is to state between whom the Engage- ment was fought, and to give the date. Mans. The New Forest. Tynchebray. Goodwin Sands. Cardiff. North Allerton (Battle of the Standard). Chaluz. Runnymede. Lewes. Evesham. Bannockburn. Berkeley. Halidon Hill. APPENDIX II. 31 Cressy. Neville's Cross. Calais. Poic tiers. Shrewsbury. Agincourt. Troyes. Orleans. St. Albans. Wakefield. Towton. Hex ham. Bar net. Tewksbury. Bosworth. Stoke. Flodden. Virginia. Nottingham. Edge Hill. Newbury. Oxford. Marston Moor. Naseby. Drogheda. Dunbar. Worcester. Sedgemoor. The Boyne. Killiecrankie. Glencoe. Blenheim. Ramillies. Oudenarde. Malplaquet. Barcelona. Gibraltar. Utrecht. Sheriff Muir. Preston. Portobello. Cartagena. Dettingen. Fontenoy. Preston- Pans. Carlisle. Derby. Culloden. Cape Finisterte. Belle- Isle. Aix-la-Chapelle Plassy. Heights of Abraham, at Quebec. Minden. Versailles. Boston, (N. E.) Philadelphia, (N. E.) Lexington. Bunker's Hill. Ticonderoga . Saratoga. Gibraltar. The Mysore. Cape St. Vincent. Aboukir Bay, (The N.le.) Seringapatam. Acre. Alexandria. Copenhagen. Amiens. Assay e. Trafalgar. Maida. Vimeira. Cintra. Corunna. Oporto. Talavera. Busaco. Torres Vedras. Barossa. Albuera. Almeida. Ciudad Rodrigo. Badajoz. Salamanca. St. Sebastian. Vittoria. The Pyrenees. The Adour. Orthes. Toulouse. Bayonne. Elba. Waterloo. St. Helena. Algiers. Birmah . Arracan. Assam. Navarino. Toronto, (Canada.) Cabul. Jellalabad. The Scinde. Gwalior. Herat. Cabul. Hong Kong. Acre. Scinde. Moodke. Meeanee. Fcrozeshah. Aliwal. Chillianwallah. Sobraon. Goojerut. The Punjaub. Cape of Good Hope, Australia. Pegu. Silistria. The Crimea. Odessa. Bomarsund Eupatoria. The Alma. Sebastopol. Balaklava. Inkermann. The Tchernaya. Azov. Cronstadt. Kars. Oude. Delhi. Lucknow. Cawnpore, Canton. Japan. Magdala. Manitoba. Zululand. Tel-el-KeWr. The Soudan. APPENDIX III. Table of Important Events; or Themes for more advanced Pupils. State, in writing, all you know on the following Subjects. The Invasion of the Romans Under whom How long they stayed The Prin- cipal Characters of the Period The Spread of Christianity and Civilization The reason of their departure Consequence to the Britons. Invasion of the Saxons Establishment of the Heptarchy. Conversion of the Saxons First Bishoprics, &c. Fate of the Native British Arthur Wales Britany Cornwall Language. Wars of the Saxons and Danes How ended Chief Characters. Harold's Claim to the Throne William of Normandy's Claim, and History of the Conquest. Who was the real Saxon Heir His History Was that line ever restored When, and under whom Was it not partially restored sooner. The Institutions of William the Conqueror, and his treatment of the Saxons- Feudal System. The Crusades Mention their Origin, &c. ; and enumerate the principal Cru- sades; effects on civilization. The Civil W 7 ars between Stephen and Maud. The Constitutions of Clarendon. The Conquest of Ireland The state of that Island, then and since. The Signing of Magna Chartalts Consequences Character of John Real benefit to Britain of his loss of Normandy, &c. in France. The Conquest of Wales by Edward III. His Invasion of Scotland. The Persecutions of the Lollards, or followers of Wickliffe, the First Reformer Power of the Church of Rome at this period Its Rise and Nature. The Reformation, history of. The Claim of Lady Jane Grey That of the Stuarts, as heirs to the Tudors Ditto as heirs to the Saxons Who was Lady Arabella Stuart. Narrative and Cause of the Civil Wars in Charles the First's time. Reason of the Expulsion of James II. Settlement of the Constitution by the " Bill of Rights." The" War of the Spanish Succession" Reason of Chief Events Issue. Claims of the Pretender Narrative of his Two Attempts on the Throne Reason of the Exclusion of the elder branches of Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, and the Selection of the House of Hanover. The " Seven Years War/' The American War Cause of Progress End Characters of Washington ad Franklin. The French Revolution The Peninsular War The Waterloo Campaign. The English Empire of India from Clive to Canning. Progress of opinion in the Nineteenth Century Test and Corporation Act Catholic Emancipation Municipal Reform Reform of Parliament Abolition of Slavery Chartist Agitation Repeal of the Corn Laws Repeal of the Navi- gation Laws Great Exhibition of 1851. Life and Character of the great Duke of Wellington. The Crimean War Indian Mutiny. Life of Prince Albert Life of Lord Beaconsfield. CHISWICK PRESS: C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. FEB 9 194? Z X 3 _ ! *. CD . r f> UU < iC 3 r2 ^ r < ta ^ o 1 1 * 1 3 LD 21-100m-9,'47(A5702sl6)476 '15246 UNIVERS.TY OF CAUFORN.A LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. CVl 15W8 N STACKS,. 1958 SEP 12 1958 8 1955 LU STACKS REC'D llO JAN ft REC'D LD fi 1959 REC'D .&6115 fc^' REC'D LD MAR? I3Mar'63SS; LD 21-100m-ll,'49(B7146sl6)476 5 R