^ 001064 883 
 
 HOWARD COLLEGE BULLETIN 
 
 Vol. Lxxxm 
 
 April, 1925 
 
 No. 5 
 
 Howard Coflege 
 
 Stud 
 
 les 
 
 
 by members of the Faculty of Howard College, un- 
 der the editorial supervision of John C. Dawson 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 A Critical Bibliography of the Pamphlet Literature 
 Published in France Between July 5 and December 
 \ 27,1 788 Mitchell Bennett Garrett 
 
 Book Review Edward H. Reisner 
 
 PUBLISHED AT 
 
 HOWARD COLLEGE 
 
 BIRMINGHAM. ALA. 
 
 Entered as second-class matter, December 27, 1908. at the Post Office at Birming- 
 ham, Ala., under the Act of July 19, 1894 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, 
 LlflRARY. 
 
 COS ANOCLES, CALIF.
 
 PREVIOUS ISSUES 
 Vol. LXXX. June, 1922 No. 3 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 The Brochures on the Eve of the Elections to the States General 
 
 1-20 Mitchell Bennett Garrett 
 
 The Rise of Alabama 20-41 James Albert Hendricks 
 
 Jones Very 42-60 Percy Pratt Burns 
 
 Shakespeare and the Troy Story 67-131 French Haynes 
 
 The Little Flower of Encouragement in the Poetic Contests of 
 
 The College of Rhetoric at Toulouse 132-138 John C. Dawson 
 
 Vol.. LXXX October, 1922 No. 4 
 
 CONTENTS 
 Public Health As a Gauge of Civilization Carey P. McCord 
 
 Vol. LXXXI March, 1923 Special Issue 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Bibliography of Alabama Authors Caroline P. Engsfeldt 
 
 Second Edition (revised and enlarged) June, 1923. 
 
 Vol. LXXXI July, 1923 No. a 
 
 CONTENTS 
 The Beginning of the French Revolution M. B. Garrett
 
 v::>'■■L^ 
 
 HOWARD COLLEGE BULLETIN 
 
 Vol. LXXXIII April, 1925 No. 5 
 
 HOWARD COLLEGE STUDIES 
 
 A Critical Bibliography of the Pamphlet Literature 
 
 Published in France Between July 5 
 
 and December 27, 1 788 
 
 By MITCHELL B. GARRETT 
 
 On July 5, 1788, an arret du conseil announced that the convo- 
 cation of the States General was near at hand but that the government 
 ^J. needed information concerning the manner of procedure. In conse- 
 CJ quence the municipal officers of the cities and communities of the 
 
 c- kingdom were required to search at once in the archives of their respec- 
 bo tive cities and communities for pertinent documents and to send the 
 documents when found to the syndics of the provincial estates and 
 P provincial assemblies. The intention of his majesty was that the said 
 estates and assemblies should study the documents, formulate opinions 
 based thereon, and submit reports to the keeper of the seals. The 
 king at the same time invited all scholars and well-informed persons 
 to submit to the keeper of the seals reports and information. As soon 
 as the reports and information from all these sources should have 
 reached the keeper of the seals, an account of them would be rendered 
 to his majesty, who would then be in position to convoke the States 
 General in such a way as to make the assembly national and regular. 
 
 In response to this arret a vast amount of documentary informa- 
 tion flowed in upon the government and may be found today in the 
 Archives Nationales, B% 1-89, and transcribed in series Biii, 1-174, 
 particularly in ten registers, Biii, 164-174. The dates of the numerous 
 reports vary all the way from July to December and even later. The 
 extent to which the government made use of these documents can 
 only be surmised. On November 6 Necker called the attention of 
 the notables to the fact that the government had on hand a collection 
 of pertinent documents, in charge of two or three expert archivists, 
 for the benefit and convenience of the assembly. This collection was 
 probably made from the reports sent in from various parts of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 66412
 
 3 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 The arret of July 5, it is true, did not invite anybody to publish 
 the results of his researches, but the transition from a manuscript 
 report to a printed pamphlet is easy. If a man were especially well 
 pleased with the results of his labor, he would be naturally inclined 
 to make two manuscript copies of his report, and send one to the 
 keeper of the seals for information and the other to the printer for 
 publication. Indeed, now that the king had called for information, 
 it was regarded as a patriotic duty to write and publish. But it is 
 to be noted that writers for the most part preferred, from a lingering 
 fear of the censorship, to take refuge in anonymity. Pamphlets simply 
 began to appear in the bookstalls from nowhere in particular, without 
 any indication of the date or place of publication, and were sold 
 to the reader for a few sous the copy. If a pamphlet proved to be a 
 good seller, it was shamelessly pirated by any publisher who would, 
 reprinted with a new title perhaps and attributed, it may be, to some 
 well known man who may or may not have been its author. 
 
 Droz, whose history is almost a source for this period, tells us 
 that in the last three months of 1788 someone bought twenty-five 
 hundred of these pamphlets and even then his collection was far from 
 complete. This statement has been frequently quoted by later his- 
 torians to adorn a tale, but I am convinced that the impression con- 
 veyed by it is erroneous. There is no doubt that pamphlets appeared 
 during the latter half of 1788 in such profusion as to astonish con- 
 temporaries, but they did not fall like autumn leaves. When con- 
 temporaries condescend to be specific, they mention the appearance of 
 pamphlets at the rate of three or four a day in November {Gazette de 
 Leyde, No. 94), ten or a dozen a day in December {Le comte de Fersen 
 et la cour de France, I. xlv), and four or five a day in the following 
 January (Ibid.). Making due allowance for the possibility of exag- 
 geration on the part of astonished and displeased contemporaries, I 
 am inclined to believe that less than five hundred pamphlets written 
 by individuals appeared in France between July 5 and December 27, 
 1788. In the list below, the reader will find, if I have counted cor- 
 rectly, two hundred ninety. 
 
 The earliest pamphlets were for the most part historical treatises 
 on the national assemblies of France, written in response to the arret 
 of July 5; but after the recall of Necker, and especially after the arrete 
 of the Parlement of Paris on September 25, defenders of the rights 
 of the third estate entered actively upon the scene and showed a 
 marked disposition to discard history and appeal to the dictates of 
 reason and justice. Many writers thus distinguished themselves and 
 were afterwards elected to the States General as deputies of the third 
 estate.
 
 Howard College Studies 3 
 
 Of only a few pamphlets can the place of publication be deter- 
 mined with precision, but it is safe, I think, to assume that most of 
 them were published at Paris. Paris seems to have been the center 
 of distribution, and, even though a pamphlet might have been first 
 published in a provincial city, it was likely to be published again, if it 
 had proved to be popular, at the capital. 
 
 The date of many pamphlets can be determined roughly and in 
 some cases precisely from internal evidence, by cross references, or in 
 some other way. The Correspondance litferaire, philosophique et 
 critique de Grimm et de Diderot (Nouvelle edition, Paris, 1831), the 
 manuscript Journal of S.-P. Hardy (Bibliotheque Nationale, Depart- 
 ment of Maunscripts, 6680-6687), and a few contemporary newspapers 
 contain references to pamphlets under dates more or less definite. For 
 the names of the writers, when these are not appended to the titles of 
 the pamphlets, I have been dependent almost wholly upon the authority 
 of the Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes, par Ant.-Alex. Barbier. 
 Troisieme edition, revue et augmentee par MM. Olivier Barbier, Rene 
 et Paul Billard de la Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris, 1872). 
 
 Pamphlets Published Between July 5 and September 25. 
 
 Chronologie raisonnee des etats generaux, les plus interessants, 
 avec I'analyse des celebres etats de Tours sous Charles VIII, faisant 
 suite a la brochure intitidee ''Des etats generaux et de leur convoca- 
 tion", accompagnee d'un catalogue tres nombreux de livres stir cette 
 matiere et sur I'histoire de France. Paris, 1788. Pp. 63. The pamph- 
 let mentioned in the title was published before August 15 (See below). 
 The present pamphlet, which was a "suite" of the other, was published 
 probably in September. 
 
 Considerations interessantes sur les affaires presentes, par M***. 
 Seconde edition, Londres et Paris, 1788. Pp. 207. The first edition ap- 
 peared in May, 1788, and the second in the following August (See 
 Observations sur I'egalite de representation prononcee par le roi en 
 faveur du tiers etat S. I., 1789, p. 24). The second edition con- 
 tains (pp. 194-207) Observations sur I'arret du conseil du 16 aout 1788. 
 In concluding these latter Observations the author says : "A I'instant ou 
 Ton termine I'impression de cet ouvrage, Ton apprend que Sa Majeste 
 a fait choix de M. Necker, pour le placer a la tete de ses finances". 
 According to Barbier the author was Mignonneau, but I have not been
 
 4 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 able to find any information about Mignonneau. The pamphlet is 
 mentioned in Gazette de France, No. 76, under date of September 19, 
 
 1788. 
 
 Coup d'oeil rapide, ou notice historiqiie siir les assemhlees des etats 
 generaux du royaume depuis I'etablissement de la monarchie, etc. 
 Amsterdam; et se trouve a Paris, chez Lagrange, 1788. Pp. 152. 
 Written in response to the King's request for information in the arret 
 of July 5. On page 11 is a reference to the arret of August 8. Men- 
 tioned in the Journal general de France, No. 122, under date of Octo- 
 ber 9. Published probably before September 25. 
 
 Dialogue entre deux ignorants bons citoyens et attaches de bonne 
 foi I'un au roi, I'autre aux parlements. S. I., Juillet 2788 (sic). Pp. 32. 
 The date seems to be July, 1788. 
 
 Dissertation sur le point de savoir si le roi de France a le droit 
 exclusif d'assembler les etats generaux. S. I., 1788. I have found 
 nothing to indicate the month of publication. Another edition bears 
 the title Dissertation sur le droit de convoquer les etats generaux, tiree 
 des capitulaires, des ordonnances du royaume et des autres monuments 
 de I'histoire de France. S. I. n. d. Pp. 62. 
 
 Dolcances sur les surcharges que les gens du peuple supportent 
 en toiite espece d'impots; avec des observations historiques et politiques 
 sur I'origine et les accroisscments de la taille; sur I'assujettissement du 
 tiers etat au paiement de la totalite de ce tribut, et sur les moyens 
 legitimes de soulager les taillables et de retablir les finances sans 
 recourir a nouveaux impots. Par M. J. F. Gaultier de Biauzat, avocat 
 en parlement, membre du conseil nomme par I'assemblee provinciale 
 d'Auvergne. S. L, 1788. Pp. xi-248. On page iv is a reference to 
 the arret of July 5. The author was elected deputy of the third estate 
 to the States General, for Clermont-Ferrand; sat on the left and played 
 an active role; held office under Napoleon; died in 1815. This pamph- 
 let has only an incidental reference to the States General (p. 80). 
 
 Les droits du peuple. S. I. n. d. Pp. 22. Contains a reference 
 to the arret of July 5. Published probably in August, 1788. Shows 
 little reverence for Louis XVI and his queen. 
 
 Les droits nationaux et les privileges du Dauphine mis en parallele 
 avec les nouveaux actes transcrits militairement sur les registres des 
 cours souveraines du royaume le mois de nuii dernier. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 32.
 
 Howard College Studies 5 
 
 Entretien entre un paysan et un voyageur en Bretagne. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 16. August 14, 1788, according to a manuscript note on the copy 
 in the Bibliotheque Nationale. The peasant and the traveler discuss 
 the decrees of May 8, 1788. — ■ 
 
 Bssai historique sur les etats generaiix et avis a la nation. S. I., 
 1788. Pp. 36. On page 30 is a reference to the fall of Brienne and 
 the recall of Necker. Published probably in September. 
 
 Des etats generaux, de lenr forme et de la cause de lenr convoca- 
 tion. S. L, 1788. Pp. 116. Written in response to the arret of July 5 
 which the author says had just appeared (pp. 1-2). The same pamph- 
 let appeared under two other titles : (a) Forme et ceremonial des etats 
 generaux et cause de leur convocation; contenant un recueil historique 
 de tous les etats generaux tenus par les rois de France. (S. I., 1788. 
 Pp. 80), and (b) Precis historique sur les etats generaux. Geneve et 
 Paris, 1788. Pp. 116. 
 
 Des etats generaux et de leur convocation, avec la chronologic des 
 etats generaux par Savaron, et I'analyse des fameux etats assembles a 
 Tours, qui comprend I'ordre et les noms des deputes par bailliages, etc.; 
 un plan nouveau suivi de Vindication des meilleurs ouvrages imprimes 
 
 ou munuscrits Villefranche et Paris, 1788. Pp. 88. This 
 
 pamphlet is mentioned in the Gazette de France (No. 66, p. 286) under 
 date of August 15, 1788, and in the Journal general de France (No. 99) 
 under date of August 16. The latter gives the localization as Paris, 
 1788, and the number of pages as 76. Evidently this was another edi- 
 tion. The pamphlet was written in response to the arret of July 5. 
 At the end is a bibliography of sixteen pages. For the "suite" of this 
 pamphlet see above: Chronologic raisonnee, etc. 
 
 Des etats generaux, ou histoire des assemblies nationales en 
 France, des personnes qui les ont composees, de leur forme, de leur 
 influence, et des oh jets qui y ont ete particulierement trait es. Par M. 
 Delandine, avocat, correspondant de I'Academie des Inscriptions, des 
 Academies de Londres, Rouen, Nimes, Dijon, Arras, Bourg-en-Bresse, 
 Villefranche, et bibliothecaire-ad joint de celle de Lyon. Paris, chez 
 Cuchet, libraire, rue et hotel Serpente, 1788, sous le privilege de 
 Lyon. Pp. xxii-279. The manuscript of this pamphlet was approved 
 by the Academy of Lyons on August 19, 1788, and published probably 
 soon afterwards. This is perhaps the most scholarly of all the his- 
 torical pamphlets written in response to the arret of July 5. The author 
 was elected to the States General as deputy of the third estate for 
 Montbrison. Arrested in 1793, he remained in prison till the 9th 
 Thermidor. He died in 1820. During the last seventeen years of his 
 life he was a bibliothecaire in his native Lyons,
 
 6 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Forme et ceremonial des etats generaux et cause de leur convoca- 
 tion. See above : Des etats generaux, de leur forme et de la cause de 
 leur convocation. 
 
 La France regeneree, ouvrage public par numeros. Par M. Brun 
 de la Combe, pretre, licencie es loix, etc. Londres et Paris, 1788. 
 Pp. 35. At the end of the pamphlet this appears : "Acheve le 28 juillet ; 
 livre a I'impression le 2 septembre; et presente, le 8 du meme mois, 
 au roi, a la famille royale et aux ministres d'etat". Written in response 
 to the arret of July 5. For another pamphlet by the same author, see 
 below, Section III, Aux notables assembles, etc. 
 
 Je in en rapporte a tout le monde, ou reflexions impartiales sur 
 les affaires actuelles. Londres, 1788. Pp. 126. On page 16 the fol- 
 lowing appears in a foot-note: "Depuis que ces reflexions sont sous 
 presse, il a paru un arret du conseil qui fixe la tenue des etats generaux 
 au premier mai prochain". This is a reference to the arret of August 
 8. Mentioned in the Gazette de France, No. 69, under date of August 
 26, 1788. 
 
 Lettre a monseigneur de Lamoignon, garde des sceaux. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 8. Scurrilous; published probably in September. 
 
 Lettre a un due et pair. S. I. n. d. Pp. 4. The letter is dated 
 September 8. 
 
 Lettre d'un citoyen a M. le comte rfe*** sur la conduite du ministre 
 principal, sur V arret du conseil du 5 juillet 1788 et sur I'autorite des 
 etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 20. The author has no confidence in 
 the ministry. 
 
 Lettre d'un gentilhomme bourguignon d un gentilhomme breton. 
 — Remontrances projetees pour I'asseniblee de la noblesse de Bourgogne, 
 Aout 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 48. 
 
 Lettre de Michel Blanchard, magistcr du village de Moivieux, a 
 Monseigneur Georges le Franc de Pompignan, archeveque de Vienne. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 12. Letter dated August 8, 1788. 
 
 Lettre du comte de Sanois a Monsieur Necker, sur son rappel au 
 ministere, sur le prompt retablissement de la justice et la prochaine 
 convocation des etats generaux. Yverdon, 1788. Pp. 8. At the end 
 of the letter is the following : "A Neuchatel en Suisse le 2 de septembre 
 1788. Imprime a Yverdon 1788". 
 
 Lettre du pape au roi, envoy ee de Rome le 7 septembre 1788. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 7. Sarcastic pamphlet against Brienne,
 
 Howard College Studies 7 
 
 Lettre ecrite an roi par les trois ordres de la province de Dauphine 
 assembles a Romans, le 14 septemhre 1788. — Lettre ecrite a M. Necker. 
 S.l.n.d. Pp. 8. 
 
 Lettres a M. Necker, ministre d'etat et directeur general des 
 finances. S. I. n. d. Pp. 27. Two letters: one dated August 5 and 
 the other August 28. Each letter is signed B***. 
 
 Lettres d'ltn citoyen des Btats-Unis a un Francais sur les affaires 
 presentes, par M. le M*** de C***. Philadelphia, 1788. Two letters 
 with separate pagination, 16, 22. At the end of the second letter this 
 appears : "J'achevais cette lettre lorsque I'arret du conseil sur la con- 
 vocation des etats generaux a paru. La nation est consultee sur la 
 forme de cette assemblee d'une maniere aussi reguliere que sa consti- 
 tution actuelle peut le permettre". The reference is to the arret of 
 July 5. The author, according to Barbier, was the Marquis de 
 Condorcet. 
 
 Memoire au roi par M. le comte de*^^, public par des motifs que 
 la suite des evenements apprendra. S. I., 1788. Pp. 9. On page 5 is a 
 reference to June 20. The pamphlet was published probably in July. 
 
 Memoire sur la prochaine tenue des etats generaux et sur les objets 
 qui doivent y etre mis en deliberation, par M. D. L. C. A Villefranche, 
 et se trouve a Paris, chez les marchands de nouvautes, 1788. Pp. 15. 
 Another edition has 24 pages and bears the author's name : "M. De La 
 Croix, avocat au parlement." The localization is the same as the above. 
 In the Archives Nationales, B^. 3, there is a manuscript copy of this 
 pamphlet signed by Delacroix. In the same carton is a printed copy, 
 around which is folded a letter signed by Delacroix and addressed to 
 Necker. The letter states that the pamphlet was ready for the printer 
 on July 31. Mentioned in the Journal general de France, No. 121, 
 under date of October 7. Written in response to the arret of July 5. 
 The author was born at Paris in 1743 and died at Versailles in 1832. 
 Eminent as an avocat and litterateur. He was not elected to the States 
 General. 
 
 Memoire sur les etats generaux, ou V on a reuni tous les details 
 relatifs a la convocation aux assemblies de bailliages, de villes et de 
 paroisses, au nombre et a la forme de deliberation que Von suit dans 
 
 les etats Lausanne et Paris, 1788. Pp. vi-188. On Page 1 is 
 
 the author's name: L'Abbe Desprez. Written in response to the 
 arret of July 5, the manuscript of this pamphlet was read by the author 
 to the Assembly of the Clergy of France at Paris on August 5. In the 
 place of a preface a letter appears dated at Paris, September 4, 1788.
 
 8 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 This pamphlet answers very well the demand made in the arret of 
 July 5 for information concerning the States General. Mentioned in 
 the Journal general de France (No. 137, p. 545) under date of Novem- 
 ber 13, 1788. 
 
 M. de Calonne justifie juridiquement sur la refonte des louis, ou 
 resultat des experiences faites authentiquement sur les anciens louis 
 S.l, 1788. Pp. 35. Dated August 5, 1788. 
 
 Observations sur I' arret du conseil du 5 juillet 1788. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 3. The author warns his readers that the arret is only a ministerial 
 snare, 
 
 Au peuple sur ses vrais interets. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. Mentioned by 
 Hardy in his Journal under date of July 18, 1788. He says that it was 
 published by the administration against the parlements and spread in 
 the capital and the provinces with "a culpable profusion". 
 
 Precis historique sur les etats generaux. See above: Des etats 
 generaux, de leur forme et de la cause de leur convocation. 
 
 Le president Dupaty aux Champs-Elysees. S. I., 1788. Pp. 31. 
 On page 11 is a reference to the recall of Necker, but the pamphlet 
 contains no reference to the States General. 
 
 Le president Dupaty, suivi d'une conference entre un ministre 
 d'etat et un counseiller au parlement, depuis la derniere revolution en 
 France. S. /., 1788. Pp. 41, in 4°. 
 
 Recherches curieuses et instructives sur les etats generaux, qui 
 donnent une juste idee des droits qui appartiennent aux differents 
 ordres, et dans lesquelles on trouvera les formalites qui sont en usage 
 dans lesdits etats; ouvrage utile a tout le monde et principalement aux 
 membres qui doivent composer la prochaine assemblee. Amsterdam et 
 Paris, 1788. Pp. 95. An historical pamphlet much like those written 
 avowedly in response to the arret of July 5, but it contains no refer- 
 ence to any current events by which it can be approximately dated. 
 Mentioned in the Journal general de France (No. 130, p. 517) under 
 date of October 28, 1788. 
 
 Recherches sur les etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 60. The author 
 says nothing about the arret of July 5 but a good deal about the decrees 
 of May 8, 1788. His last sentence indicates that when he wrote the 
 parlements were still suspended from their functions ; they were rein- 
 stated by Necker on September 23. 
 
 Reflexions d'un negociant sur la convocation prochaine des etats 
 generaux. S. I., 1788. Pp. 14. Written after July 5 (p. 2).
 
 Howard College Studies 9 
 
 Reflexions sur la forme de la convocation des etats generaux. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. Gives the order of procedure in the States General 
 in times past. I have been able only to guess at the date of its publi- 
 cation. 
 
 Resultat des assemhlees provinciales, a I'usage des etats d'une pro- 
 vince. Bruxelles, 1788. At the end this appears: "Fini d'imprimer 
 le 28 aout 1788". 
 
 La satire universelle ; prospectus dedie a toiites les puissances de 
 VBurope. Paris, 1788. Pp. 33. The authors, according to Barbier, 
 were J. A. J. Cerutti and P. A. Grouville. Cf. Correspondance litter- 
 aire, philosophique et critique de Grimm et de Diderot, depuis 1753 
 jusqu'en 1790 (Nouvelle edition. Paris, 1831) XIV. 146. 
 
 Seconde lettre du cardinal de Fleury au conseil du roi. Amster- 
 dam, 1788. Pp. 22. Dated July, 1788. 
 
 Sentiments d'lin repuhlicain sur les assemhlees provinciales et les 
 etats generaux ; suite des "Lettres d'un citoyen des Btats-Unis a un 
 Frangais sur les affaires presentes". Philadelphie, 1788. Pp. 30. The 
 author, according to Barbier, was the Marquis de Condorcet. See 
 above : Lettres d'un citoyen, etc. 
 
 Songe d'un bon citoyen frangais, suivi de la "Lettre d'un Anglais". 
 Londres, 1788. Pp. 41. The "Lettre d'un Anglais" is dated at Lon- 
 don, July 15, 1788, and is printed as a part of this pamphlet. 
 
 Tres humbles remontrances des femmes frangaises. S. I., 1788. 
 Pp. 14. Parodies the remonstrances of the clergy on July 5. 
 
 Troisieme lettre du cardinul de Fleury au conseil de Louis XVI, 
 contenant un moyen siir et facile de couvrir promptement le deficit, 
 sans impots, sans einprunts, et sans faire de mecontents. Champs- 
 Elysees, Aoiit 1788. Pp. 32. 
 
 Veritable patriotisme. S. I., 1788. Pp. 40. On pages 3-4 of a 
 pamphlet {S. I. n. d. Pp. 31) entitled Societe patriotique. On proceda 
 a I'election d'un president, et M. Durand fut unanimcment elu, these 
 
 words occur: "Discours de M. Soules Cette societe m'a fait 
 
 la grace de me dire que dans mon pamphlet intitule le Veritable 
 Patriotisme, public sous le regne despotique de I'Archeveque, j 'avals 
 donne les moyens les plus practicables d'administrer le royaume de 
 France". This would indicate that the pamphlet was published in 
 July or August, or earlier. 
 
 Le voyageur consultant la maladie epidemique qui regne en France 
 sur I' administration de la justice. S. I. n. d. Pp. 48. Defends the 
 judiciary reforms of May 8, 1788, and condemns the conduct of the 
 parlements. On pages 25 and 41 are references to the arret of August 
 8. Published probably before September 25.
 
 10 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 II 
 
 Pamphlets published between September 25 and November 6. 
 
 A qui voudra me lire. S. I. n. d. Pp. 7. At the end of the 
 pamphlet this appears: "Le Comte Duprat, colonel d'infanterie, ci- 
 devant commandant pour le roi a Mahe avant qu'il fut rendu aux 
 Anglais. Octobre, 178S". Discusses the arret of October 5. 
 
 Adresse au peuple languedocien, par un citoyen du Languedoc. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 29. On page 20 is a reference to the constitution of 
 Dauphine which was drafted at Romans during September, 1788. The 
 pamphlet deals with the reform of the estates of Languedoc. 
 
 Arrets. S. I. n. d. Pp. 4. At the end of this pamphlet is the 
 following: "Arrete a Rennes, le 25 octobre 1788, adopte par la noblesse, 
 et imprime le 3 novembre." This is a series of constitutional principles 
 drafted and adopted by a recalcitrant group of Breton nobles as a 
 protest against the arret of October 5. 
 
 Avis au tiers etat. Londres, 1788. Pp. 54. Written after Sep- 
 tember 23-25 (See pp. 2, 11, 14). Another edition has the following 
 title : Avis au tiers etat, suivi de trois lettres siir la forme des etats 
 generaux. Londres, 1788. Pp. 77. Among the letters is that written 
 by the three orders of Dauphine to the syndics-generaux of the estates 
 of Beam on October 24. The author calls himself a Breton. Wants 
 the privileges of the nobility limited but not abolished. 
 
 Avis aux etats de Dauphine, seants a Romans. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. 
 A sub-title on the first page is as follows : Abus a corriger. Liste 
 d'abus a corriger. 1788. 
 
 Avis important sur le ministere et sur Vassemblee prochaine des 
 etats generaux. S. I., 1788. Pp. 48. Another edition has 47 pages 
 and still another 61, all dated 1788. In the edition of 61 pages the 
 author's name appears as "M. Des (?)ulins", one letter of the name 
 being erased on the copy in the Bibliotheque historique de la ville de 
 Paris. The author seems to have been Rabaut de Saint-Etienne (See 
 below : Considerations tres importantes sur les interets du tiers etat, 
 etc.). 
 
 Considerations sur les dettes de I'etat, par un ancien officier. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 37. On page 30 is a reference to September 27, 1788. 
 Published probably in October. Opposed to bankruptcy.
 
 Howard College Studies 11 
 
 Considerations tres importantes sur les interets du tiers Stat, 
 adressees au peuple des provinces; par un proprietaire foncier. S. I., 
 1788. Pp. 72. In the Bibliotheque Nationale there are three editions 
 of this pamphlet, two dated 1788 and one dated 1789. Each contains 
 107 pages and the following "Avis du Libraire" : "Cet ouvrage a ete 
 compose en Languedoc, oil il a eu trois editions dans huit jours. Nous 
 avons cru qu'il pouvait etre utile a Paris de savoir comment on pense 
 dans les provinces. La nation n'est pas renfermee dans la Capitale, 
 elle est dans les provinces aussi ; et c'est-la, surtout, que I'interet general 
 parle avec plus de force, parce qu'il n'y est pas trouble par les cris des 
 interets particuliers. Ce n'est pas dans les clameurs d'un peuple 
 attroupe qu'on pent reconnaitre I'opinion publique, mais dans les dis- 
 cussions reflechies des citoyens reunis pour s'occuper de I'interet public, 
 sur lequel il est impossible qu'ils se fassent illusion". C'f. Dardier, 
 Charles, Paul Rabaut, ses lettres a divers (1774-1794), avec preface, 
 notes et pieces justificative s (Paris, j. d.), II. 374. In some editions 
 the words "tres importantes" are omitted from the title, and in at least 
 one edition the title indicates that the pamphlet was written "par 
 I'auteur de I' Avis important sur Ic ministere et sur I'assemhlee prochaine 
 des etats generaux" . The author, according to Barbier, was Jean-Paul 
 Rabaut de Saint-Etienne. Rabaut de Saint-Etienne was a Protestant 
 pastor, born at Nimes in 1743 and guillotined at Paris in 1793. He 
 was elected to the States General by the senechaussee of Nimes and 
 Beaucaire. The date of publication can be fixed approximately by a 
 reference on page 5 to the declaration of September 33 and on page 15 
 to the approaching assembly of notables. What made the pamphlet 
 so popular was, evidently, its strong defense of the rights of the third 
 estate as against the political and pecuniary privileges of the clergy 
 and the nobility. It contains no direct reference to how the three 
 orders should vote in the States General. 
 
 De la convocation des etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 36. By 
 Jean-Claude de La Metherie, docteur en medecine, according to a manu- 
 script note on the copy in the Bibliotheque Nationale. La Metherie 
 was born at Clayette in 1743; resided at Paris from 1780 till his 
 death in 1817. The first sentence of the pamphlet refers to the 
 declaration of September 23. On page 12 occur these words: "la 
 
 forme que le parlement de Paris vient de reclamer". This 
 
 would seem to indicate that the pamphlet was written in October. 
 
 Le despotisme des parlements, on, lettre d'un Anglais a un Fran- 
 gais sur la revolution operee dans la mofiarchie frangaise par I'enregis- 
 trement de la declaration du 22 septemhre 1788, fait dans les divers 
 parlements du royaume. Londres, 1788. Pp. 28.
 
 12 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Dialogues entre un Francais et un Anglais sur I'etat actuel et I'etat 
 a venir de la France, puhlies par M. le Franc. Lausanne, 1788. Pp. 
 233. Written after October 5 (See pages 71 and 95) and before 
 December 27 (See page 7). On page 114 is a reference to the estates 
 of Dauphine "qui viennent d'etre forme". Published probably in Octo- 
 ber. There are four dialogues: (1) Sur I'etat actuel de la France; 
 (1) Sur la maniere la plus avantageuse de convoquer les Stats 
 generaux; (3) Sur la constitution a etablir en France; (4) Sur les 
 ohjets dont les etats generaux doivent soccuper. The appeal is to the 
 dictates of reason and justice rather than to history. 
 
 Discours sur la constitution francaise, ou reponse a ces deux 
 questions: Quels sont en France les caracteres esscntiels a la souver- 
 ainete? et pour que I'impot soit legitime, par qui doit-il etre etablif^ 
 Par M. B., Geneve, 1788. Pp. 120. Written after the fall of Brienne, 
 see pages 49 and 58. Pamphlet of little value. 
 
 Dissertation sur les assemblees nationales sous les trois races des 
 rois de France, par M. le Comte de Lauraguais. Paris, October 10, 
 1788. Pp. 103. The Comte de Lauraguais was the son of a Duke de 
 Brancas-Villars, peer of France and lieutenant general of the armies 
 of the king. At the age of twenty- five he quitted the army to devote 
 his time to writing and to the study of the sciences. Being by tempera- 
 ment a fault-finder, he adopted readily the ideas of the revolution and 
 posed as a reformer. For his epigrams and witticisms he suffered, 
 before 1788, five exiles and four imprisonments. When the convoca- 
 tion of the States was first mooted, he buried himself in the libraries 
 of Paris, particularly in the archives of the Benedictines of Saint- 
 Germain-des-Pres, and emerged after several months of research with 
 enough material for a book on the national assemblies of France. But 
 the book was never written, owing, as he claimed, to the pressure of 
 current events. Perhaps it was owing, rather to his inability to put 
 his material together; for he had a greater penchant for bitter con- 
 troversy than for historical synthesis. He was not elected to the States 
 General. During the reign of terror, his wife was guillotined; he 
 himself was imprisoned and lost his property, but survived to be made 
 a peer of France under Louis XVIIL In this pamphlet, which is of 
 an historical nature, he devotes much attention to the definition of 
 feudal terms and legal formulas and eventually comes to the conclusion 
 that the deputies to the States General were not to be representatives 
 of the people in the modern sense but "mandate-bearers" of the bail- 
 liages ; there was to be no deliberation in any form, all questions being 
 decided by counting the votes of the bailliages. For another pamphlet 
 of his, see below : Recueil de pieces historiques.
 
 Howard College Studies 13 
 
 L'echo de I'Elysee, on dialogue de quelques morts celehres siir les 
 etats generaux de la nation et des provinces. S. I., October, 1788. 
 Pp. 111. The author, according to Barbier, was Dinge, ancien biblio- 
 thecaire du prince de Conde. 
 
 Esprit des operations des trots ordres du Dauphine depuis le 10 
 mai 1788 jusqu a ce jour. S. I. n. d. At the end is the following date : 
 "le premier octobre 1788". 
 
 Essai conciliatoire sur la forme des etats generaux. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 38. Written after October 5 (page 4 et passim). The author be- 
 lieved in vote "par ordre". 
 
 Essai sur la maniere de com^poser et de convoquer les etats 
 generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 46. On page 5 is a reference to the arret 
 of October 5, 1788. 
 
 Les etats generaux convoques par Louis XVL S. I. n. d. Pp. 75. 
 The author, according to Barbier and much contemporary evidence, 
 was Guy-Jean-Baptiste Target, avocat au parlement de Paris and mem- 
 ber of the Academie Francaise, who, because of ill health, had given up 
 the practice of law before 1788. A very influential pamphlet, written 
 toward the end of October (See pages 3-4, 13, 36). About the middle 
 of November appeared a "suite" (See below, section III) and in 
 December a second "suite" (See below, section IV). Target was 
 elected to the States General as a deputy of the third estate for Paris. 
 
 Bxamen du pouvoir des etats generaux, etc. See below : Idees 
 d'un citoyen sur les moyens de connaitre promptement, etc. 
 
 Exposition des ohjets discutes dans les etats generaux de France 
 depuis I'origine de la monarchic, par le marquis de 6"***. 5. /., 1788. 
 Pp. 180. Another edition of this pamphlet is without date. Still an- 
 other purports to have been published in London and Paris in 1789. 
 Written avowedly in response to the arret of July 5, it was on the 
 point of being sent to the press when the arret of October 5 appeared. 
 The author, who according to Barbier, was the Marquis de Serent, 
 suggested that, as a practical means of getting started, deputies to a 
 preliminary assembly be chosen in accordance with the form observed 
 in 1614. This assembly would be able to find out from the cahiers how 
 the nation wanted the States General to be convoked and composed and 
 how the nation wanted the three orders to deliberate and vote. 
 
 De la foi publique envers les creanciers de I'etat; lettres a M. 
 Linguet sur le No. 116 de ses Annales; par M***. Londres, 1788. 
 Pp. xxxii-184. On page 110 is a reference to October 24, 1788. The
 
 14 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 author, according to Barbier, was Etienne Claviere. Cf. Plan de 
 conduit e pour les deputes du peuple aux etats generaux de 1789 (S. I., 
 avril 1789), 215, 267, by Brissot de Warville. Opposed to bankruptcy. 
 
 Forme generale et particuliere de la convocation et de la tenue des 
 assemblies natiottales ou etats generaux de France, justifiee par pieces 
 authentiques. Premiere partie. Paris, 1789. Pp. xlviii-200. This 
 pamphlet is the first part of an elaborate piece of historical research 
 undertaken in response to the arret of July 5. It was just on the point 
 of going to the press when the arret of October 5 appeared (p. 189). 
 Hardy mentions it in his Journal under date of December 3, 1788', and 
 says it was written by two young magistrates of the parlement of Paris, 
 De Lalource and Duval fils, and that it was dated 1789 "par anticipa- 
 tion". The authors, according to Barbier, were Lalource and Duval, 
 conseillers au Chatelet. The Journal general de France (No. 137, 
 p. 545) mentions the pamphlet under date of November 13, 1788. The 
 book when finished was to be a complete account of the States General, 
 covering all essential details, from 1302 down to 1614. In a postscript 
 to this part, the authors discuss briefly the difficulties raised by the 
 arret of October 5, and their conclusion is that, since the third estate 
 had the veto like the rest, it had no reason to fear oppression. Whether 
 the three orders should deliberate separately or in common was a ques- 
 tion, they said, for the nation assembled in States General to decide. 
 
 Idees d'un citoyen sur les tnoyens de connaitre promptement, par 
 le voeu de la nation, la forme et la composition a donner aux etats 
 generaux. S. I., 1788. Pp. 28. On page 21 these words occur: 
 "L'ouverture de I'assemblee des notables se fera le 3 novembre pro- 
 chain." Another edition of this pamphlet was published under the 
 following title : Bxamen du pouvoir des etats generaux, precede des 
 moyens de connaitre pro'^nptement le voeu de la nation entiere, pour 
 leur donner une composition legale et pour reformer les lois. S. I., 
 1788. Pp. 34. 
 
 L'imposteur demasque, ou reponse au memoire intitule : ''Quelle 
 est I'origine des etats generaux, par M. Linguet". S. I., 1788. Pp. 36. 
 I can only guess at the date of publication. 
 
 Instructions sur la conduite a tenir dans les etats generaux, par 
 les representants des provinces. S. I. n. d. Pp. 4. At the end of the 
 pamphlet is the following: "Fait a Paris le 22 octobre 1788". A con- 
 cise statement of the rights of the third estate in the form of ques- 
 tions and answers. 
 
 Lettre a M. d'Bpremesnil, a I' occasion de la reprise des fonctions 
 du parlement. S. I., 1788. Pp. 31. The letter begins as follows : "A 
 Paris, ce 30 septembre 1788" and is signed: R. Bt.
 
 Howard College Studies 15 
 
 Lettre a un plebeien, au sujet de l' assemble e des ctats generaux. 
 S. I. 11. d. Pp. 45. At the end is found this date : "Ce 20 septembre 
 1788". It must have been pubHshed a few days later. 
 
 Lettre au chartreux qui croit avoir devine un des motifs de I'en- 
 registrement du parlement du 25 septembre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. 
 At the end is the following: "Paris, ce 6 octobre 178'8". Signed: 
 I. D. B. This pamphlet is a reply to another entitled Reflexions d'un 
 chartreux (See below). 
 
 Lettre au peuple, ou projet d'une caisse patriotique ; par une cito- 
 yenne. Vienne et Paris, 1788. Pp. 31. The authoress, according to 
 Barbier, was Olympe de Gouges. Mentions the recall of Necker, which 
 took place on August 25, 1788. 
 
 Lettre d'un citoyen de I'ordre du tiers a 1'assem.blee des notables, 
 servant de reponse aiix "Observations du parlement" . S. I., octobre 
 1788. Pp. 25. Another edition is dated November. This pamphlet 
 appears in Oeuvres de Jerome Petion, membre de I'assemblee consti- 
 tuante, de la convention nationale, et maire de Paris (Paris, I'An 
 premier de la Republique, 4 vols.), II. 7-35. The editors of these 
 Oeuvres say (pages v-vi) that Petion wrote this pamphlet in a single 
 night and that it was burned by order of the Parlement of Paris. It is 
 a response to the Observations sur I'arret du conseil du 5 octobre 1788 
 (See below). At the time of writing Petion was an obscure avocat 
 at Chartres. He wrote several other pamphlets, notably Avis aux 
 Frangais sur le salut de la patrie (See below, Section IV), and was 
 elected to the States General as a deputy of the third estate for the 
 bailliage of Chartres. His later career is well known. 
 
 Lettre d'un observatcur philosophe a M. Necker. S. I. n. d. Pp. 
 48. Signed : Candide. I have been unable to determine the date of 
 this pamphlet. 
 
 Lettre de Jacques Menassier, bourgeois de Paris, a Christophe 
 Menassier son frere, habitant du village de*** en Champagne. S. I., 
 1788. Pp. 19. Dated October 6. 
 
 Lettre de M. de Lessart a Madame N. S. I. n. d. Pp. 14. 
 Humorous and sarcastic. 
 
 Lettre ecrite par plusieurs citoyens du clerge, de la noblesse et des 
 communes de Dauphine a messieurs les syndics-generaux des etats de 
 Beam. S. I. n. d. Pp. 7. At the end the following appears : "Grenoble, 
 le 24 octobre 1788". 
 
 Lettre ou memoire historique sur les troubles populaires de Paris, 
 en aout et septembre 1788, avec des notes, par M. Charon. Londres, 
 1788. Pp. 60. Published probably in October.
 
 16 Hoivard College Bulletin 
 
 Maniere equitable et juste de convoquer et d'assemhler les etats 
 generaux. Amsterdam, 1788. Pp. 60. The sub-title, or "title of de- 
 parture", of this pamphlet (p. 1) is as follows: Voeu d'un citoyen 
 ou projet sur la maniere de convoquer et d' assembler les etats generaux. 
 Another edition bears only this sub-title (See below). 
 
 Memoire concernant la deputation aux etats generaux. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 14. On page 9 is a reference to the arrete of September 25. Pub- 
 lished probably in October. 
 
 Memoire sur les etats generaux, leurs droits et la maniere de les 
 convoquer. S. I., 1788. Pp. 279. In what seems to be a reimpression of 
 this pamphlet, made in 1788, the author's name is given as "M. le 
 
 Comte D'Ant ". In 1789 appeared a "nouvelle edition plus 
 
 correcte que les precedentes" which gives the author's name as "M. le 
 Comte D' A. N. T. R. A. I. G. U. E. S." This was Emmanuel-Louis- 
 Henri de Launay, Comte d'Antraigues. He composed this pamphlet 
 in the Vivarais during May, June and July, 1788 (See A I'ordre de la 
 noblesse dii Bas-Vivarais, par le comte d'Antraigues, son depute aux 
 etats generaux, 8), and published the first edition in October, 1788 
 (See Memoire, 271), presumably at the place of composition. Imbued 
 with the doctrines of Jean Jacques Rousseau, his personal friend, he 
 preached in this pamphlet the sovereignty of the people with a fervor 
 approaching vehemence. But the reader must be on his guard lest he 
 be swept along to the wrong conclusion by the whirlwind of the Comte's 
 enthusiasm. The people is sovereign, it is true, but the people can 
 not alienate or even delegate its sovereignty. Hence in the States 
 General there was to be no deliberation in any form. The general 
 will of the nation would be ascertained by comparing the cahiers of the 
 deputies. Elected to the States General as a deputy of the nobility 
 for the senechaussee of his native V"illeneuve-de-Berg, the Comte 
 d'Antraigues showed himself a strong opponent of deliberation in com- 
 mon and voting by head. In 1790 he emigrated and became an ultra- 
 royalist, repenting at leisure, no doubt, for having proclaimed in haste 
 the gospel according to Jean Jacques. Died at Barnes Terrace, near 
 London, in 1812. 
 
 Memoire sur les formes qui doivent preceder et accompagner la 
 convocation des etats generaux; dans lequel on traite toutes les ques- 
 tions proposees dans I' arret du conseil du 5 juillet 1788 et plusieurs 
 autres accessoires. Par M. Levrier, lieutenant-general du bailliage- 
 royal de Meullent; de I'Academie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres 
 d'Orleans. 5^. /., 1788. Pp. 87. The composition of this pamphlet 
 was completed when the arret of October 5 appeared (p. 2). The 
 author was an avocat au parlement de Paris, and the pamphlet was 
 published, presumably, at Paris.
 
 Howard College Studies 17 
 
 A mes compatriotes. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. 
 
 Le moniteur. S. I., 1788. Pp. 38. There are at least two other 
 editions : one with 50 pages and dated 1788, another with 48 pages and 
 without date. On page 3 is an indirect reference to the arret of August 
 8 and the declaration of September 23, and on page 19 is a sentence 
 which seems to refer to the arret of October 5. This pamphlet is not 
 to be confused with a periodical bearing the same title which appeared 
 secretly in 1787 and 1788 and which Barbier attributes to Condorcet, 
 Brissot and Claviere. The author of the present pamphlet is a defender 
 of the privileged orders. He was, very probably, a member of the 
 Parlement of Paris. 
 
 A la noblesse lorraine. S. I. n. d. Pp. 4. 
 
 Observations adressees a I'assemblee des notables, sur la composi- 
 tion des etats generaux et sur la forme la plus reguliere de les con- 
 voquer. S. I. n. d. Pp. 66. Published probably before the opening of 
 the assembly of notables. Referred to in another pamphlet entitled 
 Bclaircissement a I' amiable (See below, section III), which was written 
 before November 25. A manuscript note on the copy in the Bibli- 
 otheque Nationale attributes the Observations to Bertrand de Molle- 
 ville, Intendant de Bretagne. Barbier attributes the pamphlet to the 
 same author. Bertrand de Molleville was a supporter of arbitrary 
 government. Emigrated to England in October, 1792, and did not 
 return till 1814. Died at Paris in 1818. 
 
 Observations sur I'arret du conseil du 5 octobre 1788, pour la 
 convocation d'une assemblee de notables au 3 novembre prochain. S. L, 
 1788. Pp. 32, in 4°. Contends that the States General should be con- 
 voked and composed in accordance with the form observed in 1614. 
 According to Petion (Lettre d'tin citoyen de I'ordre du tiers, see above), 
 the author of this pamphlet was a member of the Parlement of Paris. 
 
 Observations sur les principes de la constitution des etats de 
 Dauphine, contenant leur examen et leur developpement; pour servir 
 aux etats generaux. S. I., 1788. Pp. 87. Contends that the election 
 and composition of the States General should be modeled after the 
 election and composition of the estates of Dauphine. 
 
 Plan d'une banque nationale de France, ou d'une caisse generale 
 de recette et de pavement des deniers publics et particiiliers. Paris, 
 octobre 1788. Pp. 47. 
 
 Principes naturels et constitutifs des assemblees nationales. S. I., 
 1788. Pp. 117. On page 5 the following appears: "Cet ecrit com-
 
 18 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 mence et continue aux differentes epoques qui depuis un an ont vu 
 tant d'evenements se succeder, portera souvent le caractere du moment. 
 II eiit ete difficile de le refondre a chaque nouvelle position". On page 
 31 is a reference to the assembly of the three orders of Dauphine. 
 Hence the date of publication was probably October. The author, 
 according to Barbier, was the Vicomte Frangois-Emmanuel Toulongeon. 
 He suggests the possibility of a compromise on the question of de- 
 liberating and voting: the three orders might deliberate sometimes 
 separately and sometimes together, or the clergy and the nobility 
 might form an upper chamber. Elected to the States General as a 
 deputy of the nobility, he followed the minority of his order into the 
 union with the third estate. 
 
 Proces-verbal de I' assemhlee generale des trois ordres de la 
 province de Dauphine, temie a Romans par permission du roi. Grenoble, 
 1788. Pp. 163. Dated September 5-28. 
 
 Quelques idces vaille que vaillc, ajoutees a tant d'autres, a I'occa- 
 sion de la prochaine teniie des etafs gencraiix, par I'auteur du "Partage 
 de la peau d'ours". S. I. n. d. Pp. 20. By Biron de La Tour, accord- 
 ing to Barbier. For the most part, this pamphlet is a comment on 
 the Memoirc sur la prochaine tenue des etats generaux (See above, 
 section I). Of little value. 
 
 Questions a examiner avant I'assemblee des etats generaux, par 
 le marquis de Casaux, de la societe royale de Londres et de celle 
 d'agriculture de Florence. 5*. l, 1788. Pp. 100. On page 85 the 
 author says: "Le post-scriptum qu'on vient de lire n'attendait que le 
 moment d'etre imprime lorsque I'arret du 5 octobre a paru." Publica- 
 tion must have been in October. Mentioned in Correspondance lit- 
 teraire, philosophiqiie et critique de Grimm, et de Diderot, depuis 1753 
 jusqu'en 1790 (Nouvelle edition, Paris, 1831), XIV. 193, under date 
 of November, 1788. Mentioned also in Le hon sens (p. 124), a pamph- 
 let published in November (See below; section III). The Marquis 
 de Casaux was a writer on agricultural subjects as well as political. 
 Was not elected to the States General. After August 10, 1792, he 
 emigrated to London and died there in 1795. Liberal in opinions; 
 admirer of the English Parliament. 
 
 Recherches et reflexions nouvelles sur la convocation et la composi- 
 tion des etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 23. A discussion of the arret 
 of October 5. The author desires that the States General be convoked 
 and composed in accordance with the form observed in 1614. 
 
 Recherches historiques sur les etats generaux et plus particuliere- 
 ment sur I'origine, l' organisation et la duree des anciens etats provin-
 
 Howard College Studies 19 
 
 ciaux d'Auvergne; Par M. Bergier (and) Dom 
 
 Verdier-Latour. Clermont-Ferrand, 1788. Pp. viii-110. On page 5 
 is a reference to the declaration of September 33. Published probably 
 in October. 
 
 Recueil de pieces historiques siir la convocation des etats generaux 
 et sur I' election de leurs deputes, par le Comte de Laiiraguais. Paris, 
 ce 20 septembre 1788. Pp. 116. After page 100 follows a "Post- 
 Scriptum" dated September 30, 1788. The author indulges in sarcasm 
 at the expense of Brienne for his delay in convoking the States General 
 and then proceeds to present official documents dealing with the elec- 
 tion at Paris of deputies to the last four States General. Discursive 
 and controversial. For an account of the Comte de Lauraguais, see 
 above : Dissertation sur les assemhlees nationales, etc. 
 
 Reflexions d'un chartreux qui croit avoir devine un des motifs 
 de I'enregistrement du parlement. S. I. n. d. Pp. 12. Justifies the 
 arrete of the Parlement of Paris on September 25. A "Lettre" was 
 written in reply to this pamphlet and dated at Paris, October 6, 1788 
 (See above: Lettre au chartreux, etc.). 
 
 Reflexions d'un citoyen sur les affaires presentes. S. I., 1788. 
 Pp. vi-22. The Gazette de Leyde (No. 89) contains a "Lettre de 
 Paris" dated October 27, 1788, in which this pamphlet is characterized 
 as follows : "Un autre ef fet de la fermentation, que les derniers 
 evenements avaient causees, n'a pas encore cesse entierement : Ce sont 
 les Brochures contre les deux Ministres retires : Une des plus aigres 
 et des plus violentes est celle qui vient de paraitre, intitulee : Reflexions 
 d'un citoyen sur les affaires presentes. Imprime de 22 pages : II s'est 
 repandu depuis peu de temps, quoiqu'il semble avoir ete compose dans 
 les derniers jours de I'Administration de ]\I. I'Archeveque de Sens." 
 
 Reflexions sur la convocation des etats generaux et moyens d'y 
 proceder. S. I., 1788. Pp. 25. Written after October 5 (See page 4). 
 The author suggests a method by which the orders could deliberate 
 either separately or in common without upsetting the balance between 
 the non-privileged and the privileged orders. 
 
 Regeneration de la France par les etats generaux, par M***, 
 avocat au parlement. S. I., 17S8. Pp. xvi-80. The preface is thus 
 dated: "De Chatillon-les-Dombes, le 15 octobre 1788". 
 
 Reponse au memoir e addresse a MM. du tiers. Londres, 1788. 
 Pp. 14. On the copy in the Bibliotheque Nationale is the following 
 manuscript note: "24 7bre 1788. Bretagne". Opposed to ministerial 
 despotism but defends privileges.
 
 20 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Reponse aux reflexions de M. Linguet sur la dette nationale en 
 France, inseree dans le No. 116 de ses Annales, a son article du credit 
 public, etc. S. I., 1788. Pp. 67. Opposed to bankruptcy, 
 
 Reponse bien simple aux observations de M. Poulletier, directeur 
 des mines et minieres, par M. Horn, avocat au parlement. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 7. 
 
 La restauration de la France. S. I. n. d. Pp. 32. On page 11 
 is a reference to the formation of the estates of Dauphine. Pamphlet 
 published probably in October. 
 
 Second memoire de M. de La Croix, avocat au parlement, sur la 
 tenue des etats generaux, en reponse a M. le Comte de Lauraguais. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. For the first pamphlet of Delacroix, see above, 
 section I : Memoire sur la prochaine tenue, etc. This second memoire 
 is a response to the bitter strictures of the Comte de Lauraguais, whose 
 pamphlets are listed above. 
 
 Sur I'arrete du 25 septembre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 8. At the end 
 of the pamphlet this appears : "Ce 28 septembre". 
 
 Voeu d'un citoyen ou projet sur la wianiere de convoquer et 
 d' assembler les etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 60. See above : Maniere 
 equitable et juste, etc. 
 
 Vues d'un citoyen sur la composition des etats generaux, par 
 M, Mourgue de Mont-Redon, membre et ancien directeur de la societe 
 royale des sciences de Montpellier, etc. S. I., 1788. Pp. 66. Wanted 
 the States General of the kingdom to be modeled after the recently 
 restored and re-organized estates of Dauphine. Jacques Augustin 
 Mourgue was not elected to the States General, but later he had the 
 distinction of serving for five days as Minister of the Interior, June 
 13-18, 1793, in succession to Roland. He died at Paris in 1818. 
 
 Vues generalcs sur notre constitution et sur nos assemblies 
 nationales. S. I., octobre 1788. Pp. viii-64.
 
 Howard College Studies 21 
 
 III 
 
 Pamphlets published between November 6 and December 12. 
 
 Analyse de la brochure intitulee : "Des conditions necessaires a 
 la legalite des etats generaux" , avec cette epigraphe : Salus populi, 
 suprema lex esto. S. I., 1788. Pp. 33. Favors voting "par ordre". 
 On the copy in the Bibliotheque Nationale is the following manuscript 
 note: "Par M. Walsh, comte de Serrant, assiste de Delaunay I'aine, 
 avocat. A Angers, chez Mame". A contemporary pamphlet attributes 
 it to "M. le comte de S . . . . t" and says that it appeared "a few days" 
 after the beginning of November, 1788 (See Lettre de M. Chasseboeuf 
 de Volney a M. le comte de S . . . . t. S. I. n. d., page 3). See below: 
 Des conditions necessaires, etc. 
 
 Apergu rapide et impartial d'un gentilhomme sur la grande ques- 
 tion qui agite les esprits francais et qui paratt diviser les grands et le 
 peuple, le clerge et la noblesse, reunis d'une part, et le tiers etat de 
 I'autre, au sujet du nombre de representants que celui-ci doit fournir 
 aux etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 29. Favors a double representa- 
 tion for the third estate and voting "par tete". A reference to the 
 second assembly of notables indicates that the pamphlet was written, 
 probably, in November or early December (p. 12). 
 
 Atix bons patriotes, salut. S. I. n. d. Pp. 8. On the copy in the 
 Bibliotheque Nationale is the following manuscript note : "Par Chail- 
 lon, avocat; et public a Rennes, le 10 novembre". Deals with affairs 
 in Bretagne. 
 
 Avis a propos donne aux Languedociens, par un gentilhomme. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. Another edition has the following title: Avis donne 
 aux Languedociens, par un gentilhomme, stir les reformes a faire dans 
 la composition de leurs etats provinciaux. S. I., decembre 1788. Pp. 7. 
 Insists on voting "par tete". 
 
 Avis au public, et principalement au tiers etat, de la part du com- 
 mandant dti chateau des ties de Sainte-Marguerite, et du medecin et 
 du chirurgien du meme lieu, du 10 novembre 1788. .Se vend aux iles 
 Sainte-Marguerite et se distribue gratis a Paris, chez Robin et Com- 
 pagnie. Pp. 55. This is a satire on Duval d'Epremmesnil. The au- 
 thor, according to Barbier, was Ant.-Joseph-Michel Servan. Servan 
 was a retired avocat general au parlement de Grenoble. Born in 1737, 
 he was a friend of Voltaire and the Encyclopedists. In 1788 and 1789 
 he published no fewer than seventeen pamphlets. Elected to the States 
 
 ^
 
 22 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 General by two bailliages, notably by that of Aix, in Provence, he re- 
 fused to take his seat as deputy. In 1792 he retired to Switzerland 
 but returned to Provence in 1802. Died at Saint-Remi in 1807. Sar- 
 castic and satirical writer. 
 
 Avis au tiers etat, par M. le marquis de B . . . . au. S. I. n .d. 
 Pp. 14. The author was the Marquis de Beauvau ; born in 1744 ; killed 
 in 1793 while fighting against Cathelineau in La Vendee. Liberal in 
 opinions ; appeals to Frenchmen to grant no taxes till despotism has 
 been crushed. 
 
 Le hon sens, par un gentilhomme breton. S. I., 1788. Pp. viii- 
 135, in quarto. The author, according to Barbier and other con- 
 temporary evidence, was the Comte Armand-Guy de Kersaint. He 
 began the composition of this pamphlet, he tells us, immediately after 
 the promulgation of the decrees of May 8, continued to write during 
 June and July, and finished most of the work before the recall of 
 Necker on August 25 ; but publication was delayed by the printer until 
 November, and he continued to make additions while the pamphlet 
 was in the press. Notwithstanding the arrangement and obsolescence 
 of some of the material, it proved to be a popular pamphlet and went 
 through at least two editions in 1788. Admirer of the English 
 bicameral legislature. Kersaint was not elected to the States General; 
 sat in the Convention; Girondist; guillotined in 1793. 
 
 Canevas des deliberations des etats generaux de I'annee 1789. 
 S. I., 1788. Pp. 124. In another pamphlet entitled Canevas des 
 doleances des etats generaux de I'annee 1789 {S. I., mars 1789), 8, 50, 
 the author says that he published this pamphlet in November, 1788. 
 
 Catechisme du citoyen, on elements du droit public frangais, par 
 demandes et reponses; suivi de ''Fragments politiques", par le nieme 
 auteur. En France, 1788. Pp. 220. Barbier attributes this pamphlet 
 to Saige and adds : "C'est une nouvelle edition ; la premiere est de 
 1785. II en existe une autre de Geneve (Bordeaux), 1787." The 
 author may have been Bosquillon (See below: Code national, etc.). 
 I have been unable to find any information about Bosquillon ; a certain 
 Joseph Saige was elected to the States General as a deputy of the 
 third estate. 
 
 Code national dedie aux etats generaux. Geneve, 1788. Pp. iv- 
 233. Barbier attributes this pamphlet to Charles Pierre Bosquillon, 
 avocat au parlement de Paris and gives Paris as the place of publica- 
 tion. On page 80 is a reference to the arret of October 5, and on pages 
 90, 94-95 there is evidence that the pamphlet was composed before
 
 Howard College Studies 33 
 
 the notables had reached a decision. Contends that the States General 
 should be convoked and composed in accordance with the form ob- 
 served in 1614; says the ministers were not acting in good faith when 
 they issued the arret of July 5; historical for the most part. Another 
 edition bears the following title : Code national, ou manuel francais, 
 a I'usage des trois ordres, et principal em ent des deputes aux prochains 
 etats gcneraux; par I'auteur du "Catechisme du citoyen" , et pour servir 
 de suite a cet ouvrage. En France, 1789. Pp. 192. (See above: 
 Catechisme du citoyen, etc.) 
 
 Des conditions necessaires a la legalite des etats generaux. S. I., 
 1788. Pp. 38. On the copy in the Bibliotheque Nationale is the fol- 
 lowing manuscript note : "Par M. Volney, a Rennes, 5 novembre". 
 For further evidence that the pamphlet appeared at the beginning of 
 November and that Volney was the author of it, see Lettre de M. de 
 Chassehoeuf de Volney d M. le comte de S . . . . t (S. I. n. d.), 3. 
 Contends that the States General should be convoked and composed 
 in accordance with the dictates of reason and justice. Volney was 
 a savant; elected to the States General as a deputy of the third estate 
 for Angers ; survived the Terror and lived to be a peer of France 
 under Louis XVIII. Died at Paris in 1820. 
 
 De la convocation de la prochaine tenue des etats generaux en 
 France, par M. La Cretelle. 5. /., 1788. Pp. 50. Mentioned under 
 date of November, 1788, and attributed to Lacretelle, in Corre- 
 spondance litteraire, philosophique et critique de Grimm et de Diderot, 
 depuis 1753 jusqu'en 1790 (Nouvelle edition. Paris, 1831), XIV. 187. 
 On page 2 these words occur: "Proces .... decide dans moins de 
 deux mois". This is a reference to the declaration of September 23 
 which fixed January, 1789, as the date for the convocation of the 
 States General, and seems to indicate that the pamphlet was written 
 in late October or early November. A well sustained argument in 
 favor of giving to the third estate a preponderant influence in the 
 States General. Pierre-Louis de Lacretelle was an avocat and publicist 
 of Paris. Elected as a depute suppleant of the third estate for Paris; 
 deputy for Paris in the Legislative Assembly; died in 1824. Moderate 
 in opinions. One edition, at least, of this pamphlet is anonymous and 
 without localization. 
 
 Le cri de la verite, ou le point de reunion du peiiple francais. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 12. Written in November (p. 5 et passim). 
 
 Crimes et forfaits de la noblesse et du clerge, depuis le commence- 
 ment de la monarchie jusqu'd nos jours. Paris, s. d. Pp. vi-164. The 
 author, according to Barbier, was Jacques-Antoine Dulaure. I am 
 able only to guess at the date of publication.
 
 34 Hozvard College Bulletin 
 
 Deliberation a prendre par le tiers etat dans toiites les munici- 
 palites du royaume de France. S. I. n. d. Pp. 6. This was a model 
 "deliberation". On December 17, 1788, it was condemned by the 
 Parlement of Paris (See Brette, Recueil de Documents, I. 34). 
 
 Denonciation au public a I'occasion de quelques ecrits anonymes, 
 particulierement d'une comedie ayant pour titre : "La cour pleniere", 
 calomnieusement attribucs a M. Bergasse; avec des details sur sa 
 
 retraite en Suisse suivi d'une lettre missive aux notables. Paris, 
 
 novembre 1788. Pp. 44. At the end of the "lettre missive" appears: 
 "Paris, ce 13 novembre 1788. Signe, Patriophile". 
 
 De la deputation aux etats generaux, par M. Roederer, conseiller 
 au parlement de Metz, de la societe royale des sciences et arts de la 
 meme ville. S. I., 8 de novembre 1788. Pp. 88. Roederer composed 
 this pamphlet during September and October (See Oeuvres du comte 
 P. L. Roederer, pair de France, membre de I'Institut, etc. etc. etc., 
 publiees par son fils le baron A. M. Roederer, ancien pair de France 
 .... Paris, 1858, VII. 537 et seq.). In September, 1789, Roederer 
 was elected deputy by the city of Metz to replace Pierre Maujean 
 whose election had been annulled by the National Assembly. A well 
 written pamphlet; a fine sample of what could be done by a disciple 
 of Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu. 
 
 De la difference qu' il y a entre les etats generaux et les asscmblees 
 nationales, etc. (See below: N^ote essentielle, etc.). 
 
 Discours de M. V., avocat au parlement de Dijon, a son ordre 
 assemble, le 3 decembre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 20 Favors the preten- 
 sions of the third estate. 
 
 Eclaircissement a I'amiable entre la noblesse et le tiers etat. S. I. 
 n. d. Pp. 18. On page 16 appears an Addition du 25 novembre 1788. 
 In a signed Lettre a MM. les deputes du tiers etat de Bretagne actuelle- 
 ment a Paris, dated February 3, 1789, Toustain de Richebourg admits 
 that he was the author of the Eclaircissement. He signed himself 
 Vicomte de Toustain-Richebourg, Chevalier de Saint-Louis, ancien 
 commissaire aux etats de Bretagne. Contends that the States General 
 should be convoked and composed in accordance with the form ob- 
 served in 1614. Published, probably, between November 28 and Decem- 
 ber 12. 
 
 tI I Bssai sur les privileges. Nouvelle edition. S. I., 1789. Pp. 54. 
 
 j On page 1 is the following note : "La premiere edition de cet opuscule 
 i a paru en novembre 1788". This was the only pamphlet published in 
 ) 1788 by the Abbe Sieyes. His famous pamphlet, Qu'est-ce que le tiers
 
 Howard College Studies 25 
 
 etat? appeared early in January, 1789. Elected to the States General 
 as a deputy of the third estate for Paris, his revolutionary role is well 
 known. Died at Paris in 1836. 
 
 Des etats generaux de Prance. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. On page 14-15 
 is a reference to the clergy and nobility of Dauphine which seems to 
 indicate that the pamphlet was published in November. Opposed to 
 the clergy as a separate order; favors the bicameral system of legis- 
 lation. 
 
 Des etats generaux, de la forme qu'on pourrait etahlir pour les 
 convoquer, leur faire operer le bien que le roi et la nation ont le droit 
 d'en attendre, et reponse aiix propositions, remplies de sagesse, de M. 
 le directeur general des fitmnces, dans son discours aux notables. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. Necker's discourse to the notables was delivered 
 on November 6. This pamphlet is found in the Archives Nationales, 
 B^ 7, and the accompanying letter is signed at Paris the 28th of Novem- 
 ber, 1788, by Sabatier. 
 
 Bxtrait d'un ouvrage imprime a Rennes, intitide: "La sentinelle 
 
 du peuple aux gens de toutes professions composant le tiers de 
 
 la province de Bretagne" . S. I. n. d. Pp. 7. An allegory. 
 
 De la formation des etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. On page 
 1-2 these words occur : "Telle est la question sur laquelle on consulte 
 les notables". Published during the assembly of notables. Insists that 
 the orders deliberate in common and count the votes "par tete". As a 
 last resource, insurrection. 
 
 De la formation des etats generaux. S. I., decembre 1788. Pp. 91. 
 On page 75 is a reference to the meeting of the States General in 
 January. This indicates that the pamphlet was written before Decem- 
 ber 27. Favors the third estate. 
 
 La France plus qu'anglaise, ou comparison entre la procedure 
 entamee a Paris le 25 septembre 1788 contre les ministres du roi de 
 Prance, et le proces intente a Londres en 1640, au comte de Strafford, 
 principal ministre de Charles premier, roi d'Angleterre; avec reflexions 
 sur le danger imminent dont les entreprises de la robe menacent la 
 nation et les particidiers. Par M. Linguet. Bruxelles, 1788. Pp. 147. 
 On page 16 appears the date October 20, 1788. Hardy mentions this 
 pamphlet in his Journal (VIII. 162) under date of December 5, 1788. 
 The author defends himself for advising national bankruptcy in No. 
 116 of his Annales and denounces the Parlement of Paris for condemn- 
 ing his writings.
 
 26 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Les Gracches francais, suite dii "Trihun du peuple", ait peuple. 
 Paris, 1788. Pp. 15. Written after October 15, 1788 (See page 10). 
 Condemned by the Parlement of Rennes on January 8, 1789 (See 
 Brette, Recueil de documents, I. 251). The author, according to Bar- 
 bier, was Michel-Ange-Bernard Mangourit. It would appear that 
 Mangourit pubHshed the first edition of this pamphlet at Nantes, chez 
 Malassis, in 1787. (See Barbier's note. Cf. Cherest, La chute de 
 I'ancien regime, II. 65-66). Opposed to the parlements. Of little 
 value. 
 
 Idees d'un patriate, citoyen de la capitate. S. I. n. d. Pp. 7. A list 
 of desired reforms. I can only guess at the date of publication. 
 
 Lettrc a M. le comte rf^***, autcur d'un ouvrage intitide : "Le 
 hen sens" . S. I. n. d. Pp. 22. Opposed to the bicameral system of 
 legislation. The author, according to Barbier, was the Comte Alex- 
 andre de Lameth. Born in 1760, Alexandre de Lameth was brought 
 up to the profession of arms. Fought in America; aide-de-camp to 
 Rochambeau. Elected to the States General as a deputy of the nobility 
 of Peronne, he was the first of the nobles to unite with the third 
 estate; with Duport and Barnave he formed the famous "triumvirate" 
 in the Constituent Assembly. Died in 1829. For the pamphlet entitled 
 Le bon sens, see above. 
 
 Lettrc a un ami sur I'assemhlee dcs notables. S. I. n. d. Pp. 23. 
 Dated at Paris the 6th of November, 1788. Opposed to the form ob- 
 served in 1614. 
 
 Lettre de M. Aimant, vicaire a Philanthropie en Montagne, d la 
 noblesse de Franche-Comte. S. I. n. d. Pp. 14. I can only guess at 
 the date of publication. 
 
 Lettre de M. Le Goasre de Kervelegan, senechal de Quimper- 
 Corentin, a M. Balais, subdelegue, a Nantes, de Mgr. Bertrand de 
 Mollcville, encore intendant de Bretagne. S. I. n. d. Pp. 47. Dated 
 at Quimper the 17th of November, 1788. 
 
 Lettre ecrite au roi par les trois ordres de la province de Dauphine, 
 sur les etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. Dated at Romans the 8th 
 of November, 1788. Signed by the Archbishop of Vienne as president 
 and by Mounier as secretary. A pamphlet of unusual influence. For 
 a criticism, see below : Observations sur la lettre des etats du Dauphine. 
 
 Lettre sur "Les etats generaux convoques par Louis XV I" et 
 composes par M. Target; par le comte de Lauraguais. 6^. /., 1788. 
 Pp. 42. On the copy in the White Library, Cornell University, is the 
 following manuscript note: "Paris le 19 9^^®". Mentioned, under date
 
 Hoiuard College Studies 37 
 
 of November, in Correspondance litteraire, philosophique et critique de 
 Grimm et de Diderot, depuis 1753 jusq'en 1790 (Nouvelle edition. 
 Paris, 1831), XIV. 180-181. On page 41 is a reference to an arret of 
 November 1, 1788. Contends that deputies to the States General were 
 only "mandate-bearers" of the sovereign electors. See above, section 
 II : Dissertation sur les assemhlees nationales, etc. 
 
 Lettres aux notables, sur la forme et I'objet des etats generaux, 
 par M. P.-V. de Calonges. Londres, 1788. Pp. 59. The author an- 
 nounces that he is going to write a Lettre every week for five weeks. 
 I have found only three of his Lettres. An obscure writer. 
 
 Lettres d'un avocat a un puhliciste, a I'occasion de la prochaine 
 assemblee des etats generaux du royaume. S. I., 1788. Two letters: 
 the first (23 pages) dated November 18, 1788, and the second (43 
 pages) dated November 24, 1788. In the Archives Nationales, B^. 2, 
 is a manuscript copy of a part of this pamphlet. Around the manu- 
 script are folded two letters written to Necker, one dated November 21 
 and the other November 25, 1788. Both letters were written at Mont- 
 pellier and signed J. Albisson. Attached is a sort of synopsis or sum- 
 mary of the contents of the pamphlet, apparently for the benefit of 
 the Minister. This summary is dated December 6, 1788, and is not 
 in the handwriting of Albisson. These facts seem to indicate that the 
 pamphlet was published about the first of December, 1788. Albisson 
 was born at Montpellier in 1732. Before the Revolution he was 
 archivist and member of the conseil des etats du Languedoc. 
 
 Memoire sur la necessite d'admettre dans le nombre des deputes 
 du tiers etat, des representants du commerce exterieur et interieur du 
 royaume, par un negociant de Bordeaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. Written 
 while the notables were in session (pages 2 and 7). 
 
 A la nation frangaise et aux notables assembles. — Projet qui peut 
 interesser, etre utile ou au moins inspirer quelques sentiments de 
 patriotisme. S. I., 1788. Pp. 63. Plan for the establishment of a bank 
 and for a popular subscription for paying off the national deficit. This 
 pamphlet is found in the Archives Nationales, B^. 6. An accompany- 
 ing letter indicates that the pamphlet was published on November 27, 
 1788. 
 
 A la nation frangaise, sur les vices de son goiivcrnement, etc. See 
 below : Second avis a la nation, sur les vices de son gouvernement, etc. 
 
 Aux notables assembles. S. I. n. d. Pp. 19. At the end of the 
 pamphlet one finds the following signature and localization: "Brun 
 de la Combe, prete, licencie es loix, etc. Paris, 3 novembre 1788". 
 See above, section I : La France regeneree, etc.
 
 38 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Note essentielle a I'usage de MM. les notables. S. I. n. d. Pp. 32. 
 According to a manuscript note on the copy in the Bibliotheque Na- 
 tionale, the date is November 15, 1788. On page 7 is a reference to 
 the arret of October 5. Another edition of this pamphlet bears the 
 following title : De la difference qu' il y a entre les etats generaux et 
 les assemblies nationales, ou principes radicaux de la constitution. S. I., 
 1789. Pp. 41. The author argues that the clergy should have a tenth 
 of the deputies in the States General, the nobility a sixth, and the third 
 estate the rest. 
 
 Observations et resultats sur la progression du deficit dans les 
 finances, sur les moyens de le combler, sur la repartition proportionnelle 
 des impots, sur les privileges et abonnements, sur les rentes viageres, 
 
 Par M. Tur A. D. E. D. Neuchatel et Paris, 1788. 
 
 Pp. 41. On page 35 is a reference to October 5. On page 41 is the 
 following: "Ces observations ont ete faites pour etre publiees avant 
 I'assemblee des notables." Published probably in November. 
 
 Observations sur la lettre des etats du Dauphine au roi, sur les 
 etats generaux, du 8 novenibre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 47. On page 5 
 is a reference to "la premiere brochure de M. T***". Evidently the 
 writer knew about Target's second pamphlet which appeared about 
 November 15. Published probably toward the end of November, 
 Opposed to the demands of the third estate. 
 
 Observations sur le projet de former une assemblee nationale sur 
 le modele des etats generaux de 1614. S. I. n. d. Pp. 27. The author, 
 according to Barbier, was the Abbe Andre Morellet. On page 17 is 
 a reference to Target's pamphlet and the following comment: "Dans 
 
 la suite de cet ecrit nouvellement publiee " This would indicate 
 
 that Morellet's pamphlet was written toward the end of November and 
 published probably soon afterwards. Favors the demands of the third 
 estate. Morellet was a friend of Turgot, Voltaire and Rousseau ; con- 
 tributed articles to the Encyclopedic; member of the Academic Fran- 
 gaise since 1785; died at Paris, 1819, at the age of 92. 
 
 Petit colloque elementaire entre M. A. et M. B. sur les abus, le 
 droit, la raison, les etats generaux, les parlements, et tout ce qui 
 s'ensuit; par un vieux jurisconsulte allobroge. S. I., 1788. Pp. 61. 
 Rings the changes on all the crying abuses in a series of questions and 
 answers. Calculated to stir up unrest among the non-privileged classes. 
 Leads the reader to fear that the parlements were intriguing against 
 the convocation of the States General. On page 58 is a reference to 
 the arret of September 25. At least three additions. The author, ac- 
 cording to Barbier, was A. J. M. Servan. See above : Avis au public, 
 et principalement au tiers etat, etc.
 
 Howard College Studies 29 
 
 Petite lettre sur les deux premiers volumes de la fameuse compila- 
 tion en dix ou douse volumes concernant les etats generaux et 
 
 autres assemhlees nationales, qui se vend chez Buisson. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 32. On page 12 is an indirect reference to the declaration of 
 September 23. 
 
 Petition adressee aux notables. By Petion. I have not seen this 
 pamphlet. The title is mentioned in Oeuvres de Jerome Petion (Paris, 
 TAn premier de la republique, 4 vols), II, in avertissement of the 
 editor, p. 1. 
 
 Petition des citoyens domicilies a Paris, du 8 decemhre 1788. Paris 
 1788, in quarto. Pp. 20. By the famous Dr. Guillotin. For the 
 attempt of the Parlement of Paris to punish the author and publishers 
 of this pamphlet, see Chassin, Les Elections et les Cahiers de Paris 
 en 1789 (Paris, 1888), I. 47 et seq. A remarkably clear, complete and 
 moderate expression of the opinions of the third estate. 
 
 Le preservatif contre I' "Avis a mes compatriotes", avec des obser- 
 vations sur I'affaire presente, par un membre des etats du Dauphine. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 25. Barbier attributes this pamphlet to Lanjuinais and 
 it appears in the Oeuvres de J.-D. Lanjuinais (Paris, 1832. 4 vols.), 
 I. 127-145. In the Oeuvres the date is given as October, 1788, but this 
 is inaccurate. The pamphlet contains references (See Oeuvres, I. 142 
 and 145) to Des conditions necessaires, etc., Catechisme du citoyen, and 
 Arrete, which were published in November (See above). Favors the 
 contention of the third estate. Jean-Denis Lanjuinais was born at 
 Rennes in 1753 ; professor of law at Rennes and avocat conseil des 
 trois ordres des etats de Bretagne. Elected to the States General as 
 a deputy of the third estate for the senechaussee of Rennes, he played 
 a prominent role in the Constituent Assembly ; a deputy to the Conven- 
 tion, voted with the Girondists; lived to be a peer of France under 
 Louis XVIII. Died in 1827. For the pamphlet mentioned in the title, 
 see above, section II : A mes compatriotes. 
 
 Les principes du gouvernement simplies et reduits a sept unites 
 naturelles. S. I. n. d. Pp. 122. This pamphlet is bound with another 
 entitled Crimes et forfaits de la noblesse, etc. (See above). On page 
 13 is a reference to the Considerations tres importantes, etc. of Rabaut 
 de Saint-Etienne (See above, section II). Favors the demands of the 
 third estate. 
 
 Principes sur la constitution de la France et des etats generaux. 
 S. I., 1788. Pp. 47. Demands the abolition of all political distinctions. 
 Written while the notables were in session (See pages 5 and 20).
 
 30 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Projet d'edit pour la restauration de la chose publique, la convo- 
 cation reguliere des etats generaux, la restauration des anciennes cours 
 
 plenieres, le rappel des parlements S.I., 1788. Pp. 115. Signed 
 
 by Duclosel d'Arneri. On page 7 is a reference to the notables being 
 in session, but in the title the words "le rappel des parlements" seem 
 to indicate a date earlier than September 23, Author obscure and 
 pamphlet unimportant. 
 
 Protestation contre la forme des etats generaux de 1614, et seul 
 moyen d'imprimer un caractere legal a celle de la prochaine assemblee 
 nationale, suivie d'une lettre a MM. du conseil general de la ville de 
 Nimes en Languedoc, et d'une reponse au memoire des six corps des 
 marchands de Paris; par M. 5***. S. l, 1788. Pp. 46. At the end 
 of the "lettre" appears : "Paris, ce 25 novembre 1788". Signed : 
 Baumier. Appeals to the dictates of reason and justice in favor of 
 the demands of the third estate. 
 
 Protestations de M. Linguet contre les arrets du parlcment de 
 Paris des 25 et 27 septembre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 12. Bears the fol- 
 lowing localization: "Bruxelles, 7 novembre". The Parlement of Paris 
 had condemned Linguet's writings in favor of national bankruptcy. 
 
 Recit de ce qui se passe a I'ignoble assemblee des notables. S. I., 
 1788. Pp. 6. 
 
 Reclamations du tiers etat et supplique au roi. S. I., novembre 
 1788, Pp. 18. Favors an upper and a lower chamber. On page 13 
 this appears : "La necessite de cette division est plus amplement 
 developee dans un ouvrage qui vient d'etre public et qui est intitule: 
 A la nation francaise, sur les vices de son gouvernement." For the 
 pamphlet mentioned, see above. 
 
 Reflexions d'un citoyen de Besancon, sur les privileges et im- 
 munites de la noblesse, par M. L. D. W . S. I. n. d. Pp. 28. Bears 
 this localization : Besangon, ce 26 novembre 1788. Another edition, 
 dated 1789, has this title: Reflexions d'un citoyen de Franche-Comte 
 sur les privileges et iminunites dc la noblesse, par M. L. D. W. 
 
 Reflexions d'un magistrat sur la question du nombre et celle de 
 I'opinion par ordre ou par tete. S. I., 7 decembre 1788. Pp. 7. Strongly 
 opposed to the demands of the third estate. The author, according to 
 Barbier, was J. -J. Duval d'Epremesnil. In a pamphlet entitled 
 Declaration de M. d'Epremesnil au sujet d'un imprime, he admits that 
 he was the author of the Reflexions. In the struggles between the 
 King and the Parlement of Paris, during 1787 and 1788, d'Epremesnil 
 played a leading role, but he wanted the States General convoked and 
 composed as in 1614. Elected to the States General as a deputy of
 
 Howard College Studies 31 
 
 the nobility for the prevote et vicomte de Paris-hors-les-murs, he took 
 up his position on the right of the assembly and ardently defended 
 privileges and the royal authority. Guillotined in April, 1794. 
 
 Reflexions de Jean-Baptiste, porteur-d'eau, et qui plus est, citoyen; 
 avec une apologie des sentiments de la cour ct des pretentions du tiers 
 etat. S. I. n. d. Pp. 28. Favors a double representation for the third 
 estate and deliberation "par tete". I can only guess at the date of 
 publication. 
 
 Reflexions patriotiques sur I'arrete de quelqucs nobles de Bretagne, 
 du 25 octobre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 30. An autograph note of the 
 author says : "M. de Volney, auteur de La Sentinelle du Peuple, ni'a 
 fourni des materiaux pour cet ouvrage, dont il y a en deux editions 
 en trois jours." The pamphlet is a severe criticism of the Arrete listed 
 above. Barbier attributes the pamphlet to Lanjuinais and it appears 
 in the Oeuvres de J.-D. Lanjuinais (Paris, 1833), I. 105-126. See 
 above : Le preservatif, etc. 
 
 Reflexions sur la prochaine tcniie des etats generaux, par un 
 membre de I'ordre de la noblesse. S. I. n. d. Pp. 54. By "M. 
 d'Houlieres", according to a manuscript note on the copy in the 
 Bibliotheque Nationale. Mentioned in La Sentinelle du Peuple (No. 
 III. 17) under date of December 5, 1788, and attributed to "M. le 
 comte d'H , . . res, gentilhomme d'Anjou". Published probably in 
 November. 
 
 Reflexions sur la reformation des etats generaux, par un ancien 
 magistrat du P .... de G ... . S. I., 1788, Pp. 43. By Servan, 
 according to a manuscript note on one of the copies in the White 
 Library, Cornell University. Attributed to Servan in Exam en de 
 
 quelques pretentions et demandes par un depute de la noblesse 
 
 . . . . (S. I. n. d.), 33, 35. On page 7 the author speaks of awaiting 
 "I'equite des notables". Published probably in November. Favors the 
 demands of the third estate. For an account of Servan, see above: 
 Avis au public, et principalement au tiers etat, etc. 
 
 Reflexions sur les pouvoirs ct instructions a donncr par les 
 provinces a leurs deputes aux etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. This 
 seems to be the first edition. On page 2 these words occur: "La 
 nation est convoquee pour le mois de Janvier prochain. Les notables 
 sent assembles." This seems to indicate October or November as the 
 date of composition. In the "seconde edition" {S. I., 1789. Pp. 29) 
 these phrases are changed. Another edition {S. I., 1788. Pp. 59) 
 purports to be "par quatre magistrats du parlement de Paris". A 
 manuscript note on the copy of this edition in the Bibliotheque his-
 
 32 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 torique de la ville de Paris attributes the pamphlet to Servan. Barbier 
 gives another edition (5*. /., 1788. Pp. 24) and attributes it to the 
 Marquis de Semonville, who was conseiller aux enquetes du parlement 
 de Paris. The pamphlet is reprinted in the Oeuvrcs de Condorcet 
 puhliees par A. Condorcet O'Connor, Lieutenant-General, et M. P. 
 Arago, secretaire perpetuel de V Academic des Sciences, Vol. IX. Thus 
 the authorship is disputed, and I am unable to settle the dispute. The 
 pamphlet is a discussion of six important demands to be made by the 
 States General. Favorable to the third estate. 
 
 Reponse de I'aiiteur de I'ouvrage intitide "Le bon sens" a la lettre 
 qu'il a recue a cette occasion. S. 1., 1788. Pp. 25. See above: Lettre 
 a M. le Comte J^***, etc. 
 
 Reqiiete des femmes pour leur admission aux etats generaux, h 
 messieurs cornposants I'assemhlee des notables. S. I. n. d. Pp. 19. 
 The argument seems to be serious. Since women were too useful and 
 influential to be left out of account, they ought to be allowed to form 
 a fourth order and have a representation in the States General. 
 
 Reqiiete du tiers etat au roi. S. 1. n. d. Pp. 8. Barbier attributes 
 this pamphlet to J.-B. Huet de Froberville and gives the localization 
 as Orleans, December 1, 1788. Favorable to the third estate. An 
 appeal to the dictates of reason and justice. 
 
 Reqiiete et avis d'un citoyen du Dauphine, aux membres respec- 
 tables qui doivent composer les etats generaux du royaume, convoques 
 par le roi Louis XVI pour Ic mois de Janvier 1789. Bruxelles, 1788. 
 Pp. 57. 
 
 Resume propose aux notables. S. I. n. d. Pp. 7. By the Comte 
 de Lauraguais. The evidence of authorship is found in a pamphlet 
 with the following title and date : Lettre sur "Les etats generaux 
 convoques par Louis XVI" et composes par M. Target; par le comte 
 de Lauraguais. On y a joint le "Resume" que le meme auteur a 
 propose aux notables (S. I., 1788). For an account of the Comte de 
 Lauraguais, see above, section II: Dissertation sur les assemblees 
 nationales, etc. 
 
 Second avis important a la nation sur les vices de son gouverne- 
 ment, sur la necessite d'etablir une constitution, et sur la composition 
 des etats generaux, adresse d I'assemblee des notables par I'auteur de 
 r "Avis important sur le ministere et sur I'assemblee prochaine des 
 etats generaux". S. I., novembre 1788. Pp. 67. Another edition 
 bears the following title : A la nation frangaise sur les vices de son 
 gouvernement, sur la necessite d'etablir une constitution, et sur la com-
 
 Howard College Studies 33 
 
 position des etats generaux. S. I., novembre 1788. Pp. 96. Still an- 
 other edition is dated 1789. Favors the bicameral system. The author, 
 according to Barbier, was Rabaut de Saint-Etienne. See above, sec- 
 tion II : Avis important sur le ministere, etc. 
 
 La sentinelle du peuple, anx gens de toiitcs professions, sciences, 
 arts, commerce et metiers, composant le tiers etat de la province de 
 Bretagnc ; par un proprietairc en ladite province. S. I. n. d. Five num- 
 bers, November 10-December 35, 1788. Barbier attributes this pamph- 
 let to Monsodive and adds : "On dit que Volney etait son collabora- 
 teur". Opposed to privileges. Condemned by the Parlement of Paris 
 on March 6, 1789 (See Brette, Rccucil de documents, I. 42). In the 
 Introduction to the Moniteur (page 230), which was published in the 
 Year IV of the Republic, La sentinelle du peuple is thus described: 
 "Ouvrage qui parut par cahiers, et se distribue clandestinement en 
 1787 et 1788. II en parut 30 numeros; tons les arguments des avocats 
 de la noblesse y etaient habilement refutes". I have seen only the five 
 numbers mentioned above. Perhaps no more found their way into 
 print. 
 
 Soliloqiie d'un patriote, touchant la forme de la prochaine as- 
 semblee des etats generaux du royaume. S. I. n. d. Pp. 4. Opposed 
 to the demands of the third estate. Date of publication was, probably, 
 early December. 
 
 Suite de Fecrit intitule : Les etats generaux convoques par Louis 
 XVL S. l, 1788. Pp. 41. Under date of November 18, 1788, Hardy, 
 in his Journal, comments on this pamphlet as follows: "Ce jour on 
 distribuait au Palais, tout mouille et paraissant sortir de dessous la 
 presse, un ouvrage nouveau de Maitre Target, ancient avocat au parle- 
 ment, I'un des Quarante de I'Academie Frangaise, sur la convocation 
 
 des etats generaux ordonnes par Louis XVI On entendait dire 
 
 beaucoup de bien de cet ouvrage qui avait ete distribue aux notables." 
 See above, section II: Les etats generaux convoques, etc. 
 
 Sur cette question : Est-il necessaire ou utile que les etats generaux 
 de 1789 soient convoques dans la forme de ceux de 1614 f S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 8. An appeal to reason and justice in favor of the demands of 
 the third estate. 
 
 Sur la liberie de la presse, imite de I'anglais de Milton, par le 
 comte de Mirabeau. Londres, 1788. Pp. 66. On page 64 the author 
 says: "On imprimait cette feuille lorsque I'arrete du parlement de 
 Paris, du 5 de ce mois, a paru." A second edition bears the localiza- 
 tion "Paris, 1792". Mirabeau refrained from writing any pamphlet 
 upon the convocation and composition of the States General lest he 
 jeopardize his chances of being elected as a deputy.
 
 34 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Systeme sur la formation de I'assemblee des etats generaux en 
 France, siir la formation des etats provinciaux et de toute autre as- 
 semblee nationale, par M. Pelletier. Paris, 1789. Pp. 24. On page 1-2 
 of another pamphlet by Pelletier entitled La regeneration de la France, 
 ou essais sur la reformation que les etats generaux ont a faire dans leur 
 
 constitution (S. I., 1789), he says that his Systeme sur la 
 
 formation appeared in November 1788. 
 
 Themis devoilee, dediee aux etats generaux. S. I., 1788. Pp. 46. 
 Signed : P. F.***, citoyen. Opposed to the parlements. Mentioned 
 in the Journal of Hardy under date of December 5, 1788. 
 
 Le tiers etat eclaire, ou ses droits justifies. S. I., 1788. Pp. 23. 
 Another edition bears the following title: Le tiers etat entierement 
 eclaire sur ses droits, ou supplement a I' "Avis important" , par le meme 
 auteur; suivi des "Principcs de Messieurs Necker et de Fenelon sur 
 V administration" et "De la difference de trois mois en 1788" par le 
 marquis de Casaux. S. I., 1788. Pp. 52. The author of Avis impor- 
 tant seems to have been Rabaut de Saint-Etienne (See above, section 
 II: Considerations tres importantes, etc.). On page 4 is a reference 
 to the arrets of September 25. The pamphlet was published, probably, 
 in November. 
 
 Le tiers-etat-gibier c ont re le tiers-etat-humain, ou plaint es, 
 doleances et petitions tres serieuses de vingt-six millions de lievres et 
 de quatre-vingt cinq millions de perdrix, seidement, formant le bas 
 peuple gibier de neuf cents territoires, seulement, des environs de Paris 
 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 8. A sarcastic pamphlet against privileges. 
 
 I can only guess at the date of publication. 
 
 Le tiers etat soulage, ou voeu d'un citoyen, etc. See below : Voeu 
 d'un citoyen, etc. 
 
 Tres humbles supplications aux notables patriot es. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 7. Argument in favor of vote "par tete". 
 
 Les veritables interets des trois ordres qui composent la nation 
 rapproches. S. I., 1788. Pp. 14. Written after November 6. 
 
 Voeu d'un citoyen pour la conversion des dimes en un impot 
 territorial qui sera pergu au profit de I'etat. S. 1., 1788. Pp. 16. On 
 the copy in the Bibliotheque Nationale is the following manuscript 
 note : "M. Mole, avocat au parlement de Paris, qui me I'a donne le 
 14 novembre 88". Barbier attributes the pamphlet to Guill.-Fr.-Roger 
 Mole, avocat au parlement de Paris. Another edition bears the follow- 
 ing title : Le tiers etat soulage, ou voeu d'un citoyen .S*. /., 1788. 
 
 Pp. 15.
 
 Howard College Studies 35 
 
 Les voeux d'un Francais, ou considerations sur les principaux 
 ohjets dont le roi et la nation vont s'occuper. Paris et Versailles, 1788. 
 Pp. 135. A treatise on government. Nine chapters devoted to the 
 French monarchy and other chapters to the history of France; the 
 origin and growth of the Parlement of Paris; the financial situation 
 in the summer of 1788. No mention of vote "par tete", etc. Under 
 date of December 18, 1788, Hardy mentions this pamphlet in his Jour- 
 nal : "Cet ouvrage qui ne pouvait partir que de la plume d'un homme 
 fort instruit; on I'attribue a un conseiller honoraire du parlement de 
 Paris." Henri See, by what authority I know not, attributes it to the 
 economist Lemercier de la Riviere, in Les idees politiques en France au 
 XVnie siecle (Paris, 1920), 222. The pamphlet refers (p. 119) to 
 the declaration of September 23. 
 
 La voix d'un citoyen sur la maniere de former les etats generaux, 
 par Pirre d'Olivier, cure d'une petite paroisse de campagne. S. I., 1788. 
 This pamphlet is found in the Archives Nationales, B^. 6, accompanied 
 by a manuscript letter addressed to the Minister and dated November 
 27, 1788. Date of publication was probably November. Favors the 
 third estate.
 
 36 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 IV 
 
 Pamphlets published between December 12 and December 27. 
 
 Allegoric sur les differentes pretentions du clerge, de la noblesse 
 et du tiers etat. Bxtrait de la Gazette des Tribunaux, du lundi 22 
 decembre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 11. 
 
 L'anti-7noteur, on reponse a la motion de monseigneur le prince 
 de Conti, du 28 novembre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp. 7. At the end of the 
 pamphlet is the following: "A Paris, ce 15 decembre 1788". 
 
 Aux bons Francais de tous les ordres. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. W.ritten 
 after December 12 (See page 7). 
 
 Aux Parisiens; pro jet d'assemblees de quartiers, pour la ville de 
 Paris. S. I. n. d. Pp. 30. According to Barbier the date of this 
 pamphlet was 1788 and the author was Jacques Peuchet. 
 
 Avis a la noblesse. S. L, 1788. Pp. 21. In Dugour, A. J., editor, 
 Collection de pieces inter essantes, I. 403-415, this pamphlet is reprinted, 
 dated December, 1788, and attributed to Malouet. Favorable to the 
 third estate. Pierre- Victor Malouet was born at Riom in 1740, had 
 an adventurous career in the civil service, became intendant de la 
 marine at Toulon, was elected to the States General as a deputy of the 
 third estate, and advocated a form of government similar to that of 
 England. 
 
 Avis au public. S. I., 1788. Pp. 11. This pamphlet deals ex- 
 clusively with the Lettre des pairs au roi, December 20, 1788 (See be- 
 low). In his Annales francaises (Paris, 1813), Sallier says 
 
 that this pamphlet was published in December, 1788. 
 
 Avis au tiers etat en reponse a I'auteur de "La sentinelle du peuple" 
 et autres ouvrages qu'il a fails en ce genre. S. I. n. d. Pp. 22. The 
 sub-title, or "title of departure", is as follows : Avis au tiers etat de la 
 province d'Anjou. A sarcastic and bitter criticism of the demand for 
 a double representation for the third estate and deliberation by head. 
 
 Avis aux Prancais sur le salut de la patrie. S. I., 1788. Pp. x-254. 
 There is an edition of 272 pages dated 1789. The pamphlet was begun 
 and finished before August 25 (See page 235, edition of 1789) but 
 was not published until the close of the assembly of notables (See 
 page 242, edition of 1789). Reprinted in the Oeuvres de Jerome Petion 
 
 (Paris, I'an premier de la republique. 4 vols.), II. In an 
 
 avertissement which precedes the reprint (II. 37-38) the editors say:
 
 Howard College Studies 37 
 
 "Quatre editions en furent faites rapidement et repandues avec pro- 
 fusion dans le royaume. On ignora, d'abord, que M. Petion en fut 
 
 I'auteur Beaucoup de deputes, arrivant des departements les 
 
 plus eloignes, le connaissaient et en parlaient avec eloge." It is a 
 veritable treatise on the abuses of the old regime and the reforms to 
 be effected. The author ridicules the study of history and appeals to 
 the dictates of reason and justice. He even goes so far as to point 
 out the advantage of having an elective executive, but he does not urge 
 this innovation. See above, section II : Lettre d'un citoyen de I'ordre 
 du tiers, etc. 
 
 Avis aux Parisicns ct appel de toiites convocations d'etats generanx 
 ou les deputes du troisieme ordre ne seraient pas superieurs aux deux 
 autres. S. I. n. d. Pp. 11. An appeal to the "frivolous Parisians" to 
 shake off their "shameful apathy" and "cold indifference" to the revo- 
 lution. Radical — almost incendiary. In his Annales frangaises 
 
 (Paris, 1813), 236, Sallier says that this pamphlet was published and 
 spread broadcast in December, 1788. It is also mentioned in Jugement 
 du champ de mars, rendu le peuple assemble, les laboureurs y seant, 
 du 26 decembre 1788 {S I. n. d.), 17. On January 8, 1789, it was 
 condemned by the Parlement of Rennes (Brette, Recueil de documents, 
 I. 251). As to authorship, there is an edition of the pamphlet in the 
 Bibliotheque historique de la ville de Paris (600728) with the words 
 "par M. Linguet" appended to the title. Linguet was a lawyer, pamph- 
 leteer, newspaper man, frondeur, ex-prisoner of the Bastille, and quite 
 notorious in his day. 
 
 Avis d'un champenois. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. Favors voting by 
 head. 
 
 Avis d'un comtois sur les etats gcneraux et provinciaux. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 14. Favors the third estate. 
 
 Avis d'un cure de Nivernais sur Vassemblee des etats generaux. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 47. According to a manuscript note on the copy in the 
 Bibliotheque Nationale, the date was December, 1788. Deals with 
 the history of the Nivernais and its representatives in former States 
 General. 
 
 Avis salutaire au tiers ctat sur ce qu'il fut, ce qu'il est, et ce qu'il 
 peut etre, par un jurisconsulte allobroge. S. I., 1789. Pp. 32. Barbier 
 attributes this pamphlet to Joseph-Michel-Antoine Servan and gives 
 the date as 1788. Evidently Barbier saw another edition. For an 
 account of Servan, see above, section III: Avis au public, etc. 
 
 Bases du regime a prescrire pour obtenir une bonne constitution 
 et la restauration du corps social. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. 
 
 66412
 
 38 Hozvard College Bulletin 
 
 Catechisme des parlements. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. On page 7 is a 
 reference to December 1, 1788. Condemned by the Parlement of Paris 
 on March 6, 1789 (See Brette, Recueil de documents, I. 41). 
 
 Catechisme du tiers etat, a I'usage de toutes les provinces de France 
 et specialement de la Provence. S. I., decembre 1788. Pp. 20. An edi- 
 tion of 28 pages was published in 1789. A series of simple questions 
 and answers designed, seemingly, to arouse the peasants. 
 
 Le citoyen conciliateur, contenant des idees sommaires politiques et 
 morales sur le gouvernement monarchique de la France; suivies d'un 
 projet de convocation des etats generaux du royaume sans s'ecarter des 
 formes anciennes et usitees aux dernieres assembles nationales de ce 
 
 genre par M. I'Abbe de Lubersac, Paris, 1788. Pp. 75, 
 
 86, 87. Dedicated to Monsieur and bears Monsieur's pictures in the 
 frontispiece. Primarily historical. Ponderous and philosophical. In 
 part iii, p. 59, these words appear : "Ce mois de novembre". This indi- 
 cates that the work was probably finished before the close of the as- 
 sembly of notables and published in December. Of no great value. 
 
 Commentaire tres roturier sur le noble discours adresse par le 
 prince de Conti a Monsieur, frere du roi. S. I., 1788. In another edi- 
 tion, 32 pages, the word "tres" is omitted from the title and the follow- 
 ing words are added: "dans I'assemblee des notables, le 1788. 
 
 A Paris, et se distribue gratis a I'hotel de Conti, 1789". This pamphlet 
 is a stinging and provoking comment on the discours, famous in its day, 
 which the Prince de Conti addressed to the Comte de Provence on 
 November 28, 1788. In the Archives Parlementaires, I. 581, we read : 
 "Cet ecrit fut condamne par le Parlement, et I'auteur force de se 
 cacher." According to Barbier, the author was Servan. See above, 
 section III : Avis au public, etc. 
 
 Coup'd'oeil utile, s'il fixe I'attention de mes concitoyens; par M. P. 
 D. C. S. I., 1788. Pp. 18. On page 10 is a reference to Target's 
 pamphlet and the "suite", which helps to fix the approximate date of 
 publication. Of little value. 
 
 Le dernier mot du tiers etat a la noblesse de France. S. I., 23 
 decembre 1788. Pp. 9. This is a response to the "Memoire des 
 Princes" drafted on December 14. 
 
 Difference de trois mois en 1788, par le marquis de Casaux, de la 
 societe royale de Londres et de celle d'agriculture de Florence. S. I., 
 1788. Pp. 39. On page 36 is a reference to the second assembly of 
 notables. For an account of the author, see above, section II : Ques- 
 tions a examiner, etc.
 
 Howard College Studies 39 
 
 Discours dans lequel on examine les deux questions suivantes: 
 1. Un monarque a-t-il le droit de changer de son chef une constitu- 
 tion evidemment vicieusef 2. Bst-il prudent a lui, est-il de son inter et 
 de Ventre prendre? Suivi de reflexions pratiques. Par le C. de 
 Windisch-Graetz. S. 1., ?. Pp. 114. From the copy in the White 
 Library, Cornell University, the date has been entirely erased and the 
 following manuscript note has been substituted: "C'est la premiere 
 edition de cet ouvrage; il n'a jamais ete que reimprime; cette impres- 
 sion est de 1788, les autres de 1789 et sortent des presses de Paris." 
 Arid and unimportant. 
 
 Entretien de M. Linguet et de M. Bergasse. Bruxelles, 1788. Pp. 
 54. On page 53 is a reference to the arrete of December 5. 
 
 Essai sur la nature, I'ordre et la forme des instructions qui 
 peuvent etre donnecs par la province dc Dauphine a ses deputes aux 
 prochains etats gencranx ; par un citoycn du tiers etat. S. I., decembre 
 1788. Pp. 47. The author discusses the old constitution of France, 
 the new constitution to be made, the power of the king, finances, feudal 
 rights, and the question of voting "par tete" or "par ordre". A well 
 written pamphlet. 
 
 Bxamen des motifs des douze notables, au bureau de Monsieur, 
 pour adopter, contre I'avis des treize, I' avis qui a prevalu dans les cinq 
 autres bureaux; suivi de courtes observations sur le "Memoire des 
 princes". S. I. n. d. Pp. 30. Written in December (p. 23). 
 
 Bxamen du "Memoire des princes presents au roi". S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 33. 
 
 Extraits du "Memoire des princes present e au roi" et notes rela- 
 tives a ces extraits. S. I. n. d. Pp. 10, in 4°. 
 
 De la formation des etats generaux. S. I., decembre 1788. Pp. 91. 
 On page 75 is a reference to the meeting of the States General in 
 January, which indicates that the pamphlet was written before Decem- 
 ber 27. 
 
 Le goiwernement senati-clerico-aristocratique. S. I., 1788. Pp. 30. 
 Written during the latter half of December (p. 8-9). 
 
 Idee. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. Upon the composition of the States 
 General. I can only guess at the date of publication. 
 
 IP suite de I'ccrit intitule: Les etats generaux convoques par 
 Louis XVI. S. I. n. d. Pp. 60. On page 24 is a reference to Decem- 
 ber 10, 1788. As the Resultat du conseil of December 27 is nowhere
 
 40 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 mentioned, I conclude that the pamphlet was published before the end 
 of 1788. By Target. See above, section II : Les etats generaux con- 
 voques, etc. 
 
 Invocation a la memoire auguste de feu monseigneur le dauphin, 
 pere du roi, mise en tete du "Memoire pour le peuple frangais". Geneve, 
 1788. Pp. 16. See below : Memoire pour le peuple frangais. 
 
 Jugement impartial sur les questions principales qui interessent le 
 tiers etat, par M. Ducloz du Fresnoy, notaire. Paris, 1788. Pp. 21. 
 Suggestion of a compromise between voting "par tete" and "par ordre". 
 Cf. Chassin, Les Elections et les Cahiers de Paris en 1789 (Paris, 
 1888), I. 48. 
 
 Lettre d'lm citoyen. S. I. n. d. Pp. 7. 
 
 Lettre d'un roturier aux nobles, ses confreres. S. I. n. d. Pp. 11. 
 On page 1 the author says : "J'ai vu les Reflexions d'un membre du 
 tiers etat a ses confreres, et j'ai public cette lettre". See below for the 
 Reflexions. Hardy mentions the Lettre d'un roturier in his Journal 
 (VIII. 90) under date of December 30, 1788. 
 
 Lettre de I' Abbe de T'^** au comte de ***, sur la venalite des 
 ennoblissements et les exemptions fiscales. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. 
 
 Lettre de I' Angleterre a la France. S. I. n. d. Pp. 29. 
 
 Lettre de M*** a M***. 5^. I. n. d. Pp. 16. 
 
 Lettre des pairs au roi, du 20 dccembre 1788. S. I. n. d. P. 1. 
 The Peers offer to surrender their pecuniary privileges. This letter 
 attracted much attention. 
 
 Lettre impartiale d'un Breton a un extra-provinciaire, sur les vrais 
 interets des trois ordres en Bretagne. S. I. n. d. Pp. 34. On page 10 
 is a reference to the "resultats de I'assemblee des notables". On page 
 34 is the following: "Tous ces objets vont etre eclaircis dans I'as- 
 semblee des etats [de Bretagne] qui ouvrent le 29 de ce mois." The 
 estates of Bretagne were scheduled to meet on December 29, 1788. 
 Favors voting "par ordre". 
 
 Lettre sur le "Memoire des princes present e au roi" . S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 45. 
 
 A la memoire auguste de feu monseigneur le dauphin, pere du roi. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 28. See below : Memoire pour le peuple frangais. 
 
 Memoire du peuple frangais an roi. S. I. n. d. Pp. 13. Favors 
 the third estate. At the end appears : "23 decembre 1788".
 
 Howard College Studies 41 
 
 Memoire du tiers etat a presenter au roi. S. I. n. d. Pp. 8. A 
 paraphrase of the "Memoire des princes". Favors third estate. 
 
 Memoire pour le peuple frangais. S. L, 17&8. Pp. QQ. Mentioned 
 by Hardy in his Journal (VIII. 174) under date of December 17, 1788. 
 In Correspondance litteraire, philosophique et critique de Grimm et 
 Diderot depuis 1753 jusqu'en 1790 (Nouvelle edition. Paris, 1831), 
 
 XIV. 218, a writer, under date of December, 1788, attributes the 
 pamphlet to Cerutti and adds : "On en a fait deux editions en moins 
 de quinze jours. A la tete de la seconde se trouve un discours addresse 
 a la memoire august e de feu monseigneur le dauphin, pere du roi." The 
 Abbe Cerutti was an Italian by extraction and an ex- Jesuit. In this 
 pamphlet, with clarity and felicity of expression and with ample refer- 
 ences to Greece and Rome, he answered ten questions relative to the 
 current issues of the day. He looked with favor upon the bicameral 
 system of the English Parliament. An appeal to the dictates of reason 
 and justice rather than to history. Reprinted in La Revolution francaise, 
 
 XV. 61-85. 
 
 Memoire pour les cures de France, relativement a la convocation 
 prochaine des etats generaux. Avignon, 1788. 
 
 Memoire presents au roi par les avocats au parlement de Nor-, 
 mandie, sur les etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. In the Bibliotheque 
 historique de la ville de Paris (604046), there is a reprint of this 
 pamphlet which gives the date as December, 1788. Barbier gives the 
 place of publication as Rouen and adds : "Ce memoire, signe au nom 
 des avocats par Ferry, syndic, et Legendre secretaire, a ete redige par 
 J.-G. Thouret, membre de I'assemblee constituante." Favors the de- 
 mands of the third estate. 
 
 Memoire que presentent a MM. les maire et echevins de la ville 
 de Rouen, les commimautes, corporations et citoyens particuliers de 
 Vordre du tiers etat de cette ville. S. I. n. d. Pp. 12. Barbier gives 
 the date as December, 1788, and says that the pamphlet was drafted 
 by Thouret. 
 
 Memoire sur les rentes foncieres dues aux gens de main-morte et 
 les avantages que I' etat pent en retirer, en autorisani les debiteurs a les 
 racheter, conformement aux edits et declarations de 1441, 1539, 
 1553 et 1554. S. I. n. d. Pp. 15. I have been able only to guess at 
 the date of publication. The pamphlet may have been published any 
 time between 1785 and 1789. 
 
 Modestes observations sur le "Memoire des princes", faites au 
 nom de 23 millions de citoyens frangais. S. I., 22 decembre 1788.
 
 43 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Pp. 50. Barbier attributes this pamphlet to the Abbe Gab. Brizard 
 and gives Paris as the place of publication. 
 
 A monseigneur comte d'Artois. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. The author 
 of this pamphlet shames and excoriates the Comte d'Artois for allow- 
 ing his name to be appended to the "Memoire des princes", and then 
 goes on to defend the cause of the third estate. 
 
 A la noblesse de France, par un gentilhomme de province. S. L, 
 10 decembre 1788. Pp. 23. Contends that the votes should be counted 
 "par ordre". 
 
 Nouvelle discussion des motifs des douze notables dii bureau de 
 Monsieur, contre I'avis qui y a prevalu. 23 decembre 1788'. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 45. Defends the claims of the third estate. At the end is a ref- 
 erence to the "Memoire des princes". 
 
 Observations d'un membre du tiers etat, a tons ceux de son ordre, 
 qui, dans ce moment, eclaires sur ses veritables interets, seraient fermes 
 pour les soutenir inviolablement ; mais asses amis de la paix pour 
 desirer que ces deux objets pussent se conciler. Dijon, decembre 1788. 
 Pp. 8. The author's argument is as follows : Since the privileged 
 orders are willing to surrender their pecuniary privileges and submit 
 to equal taxation, the third estate ought to be satisfied and not urge 
 further concession. Let the three orders deliberate and vote separately. 
 The third estate has its veto to protect its interest. The pamphlet is 
 poorly printed and doubtless had a narrow circulation. 
 
 Observations d'un tiers sur les "Reflexions d'un magistral" con- 
 cernant le nombre et V opinion par ordre et par tete. S. I. n. d. Pp. 22. 
 See above, section III : Reflexions d'un magistral. 
 
 Observations lues a MM. les representants du tiers etat de la ville 
 de Bordeaux, le 12 decembre, par M. de Ladebat, directeur et commis- 
 saire-depute de I'academie des arts. 5. /., 1788. Pp. 28. Argument 
 in favor of the claims of the third estate for a double representation 
 in the States General. 
 
 Observations sur la representation des trois ordres aux etats 
 generaux. S. I., 1788. Pp. 32. The date is December 8-15 (See pages 
 6 and 24). 
 
 Observations sur le voeu des notables. S. I., 1788. Pp. 15. The 
 author says (p. 4) that if the government should adopt the advice of 
 the notables there would follow "a universal insurrection of the third 
 estate and the subversion of the kingdom."
 
 Howard College Studies 43 
 
 Opinion d'un ami de tout le monde. S. I. n. d. Pp. 8. I can only 
 guess at the date of publication — may be 1789. 
 
 Opinion motivee d'un seul conseiller des enquetes du parlement de 
 Bretagne. S. I. n. d. Pp. 12. Favors third estate. On page 5 is a 
 reference to Dr. Guillotin's Petition des citoyens domicilies, etc. See 
 above, section III. 
 
 Plaintes, doleances, remontrances et voeu de N., bourgeois de 
 Paris. S. I n. d. Pp. 77. The title of this pamphlet appears in a 
 list at the end of Ultimatum d'un citoyen du tiers etat au "Memoire 
 des princes presents au roi'„ which was published early in January, 
 1789. 
 
 Plan pour la formation des etat provinciaux de la Lorraine et du 
 Barrois, et pour I' election des deputes aux etats generaux. S. l, 
 decembre 1788. Pp. 40. Argument in favor of a double representa- 
 tion for the third estate in the States General. 
 
 Les politiques du galetas. S. l, 1788. Pp. 28. A humorous dis- 
 cussion of the numerous pamphlets of the day. 
 
 Post-scriptum de I'essai sur la maniere de composer et de con- 
 voquer les etats generaux. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. 
 
 Le pour et le contre dans I'affaire qui fait tant de bruit 
 
 S. l, decembre 1788. Pp. 176. 
 
 Les pourquoi d'un homme ignorant et les parce que d'un homme 
 sincere, publies par un homme discret, pour instruction des hommes 
 du tier's etat. S. I., 1788. Pp. 17. Questions and answers. The deci- 
 sion of the notables is referred to in the past tense. Hence date of 
 publication was after December 12. 
 
 Premiere lettre d'un citoyen aux trois ordres de Dauphine, en 
 reponse a lettre des trois ordres au roi. S. I. n. d. Pp. 24. At the 
 end is the following: "Paris, ce 8 decembre 1788". Favors delibera- 
 tion and voting "par ordre". The enemy is ministerial despotism. See 
 above, section III : Lettre ecrite au roi par les trois ordres, etc. 
 
 Pro jet de reponse a un memoire repandu sous le titre de "Memoire 
 des princes". 21 decembre 1788. S. I. n. d. Pp.51. Reprinted under 
 the title- Pro jet de reponse du roi a un ccrit repandu sous le titre, 
 "Memoire des princes". S. I. n. d. Pp. 31. By the Abbe Morellet, 
 according to Barbier. See above, section III: Observations sur le 
 projet de former une assemblee nationale, etc.
 
 44 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Pro jet pour Vassemblee des etats generaux. Au pays des chimeres, 
 decembre 1788. Pp. 12. The false title is L' opinion d'un avocat dans 
 la cause commune. 
 
 Quelques idees sur les grands questions du moment, par le marquis 
 de Casaux, de la societe royale de Londres et de celle d'agriculture 
 de Florence. S. I., 1788. Pp. 45. Almost wholly devoted to the 
 advocacy of voting "par tete". Written after December 5 (See pages 
 3 and 7). On page 24 is a reference to Mirabeau's pamphlet Sur la 
 liberte de la presse. See above, section II : Questions a examiner, etc. 
 
 Quelques mots a la noblesse et au tiers etat. S. I. n. d. Pp. 34. 
 
 Reflexion faite un peu tard, ou le voyageur babillard. Dediee a 
 mylord W***. Londres, 1788. Pp. 32. 
 
 Reflexions d'un membrc de I'ordre du tiers etat. S. I. n. d. Pp. 
 123. Contends that the king is free to convoke and compose the States 
 General as he pleases. Written after October 5 but not published till 
 after December 22 (See pages 18 and 112). 
 
 Reflexions sur le "Memoire des princes", par un avocat de 
 province. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. 
 
 Reflexions sur les tongues et utiles operations des notables. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 12. 
 
 Reponse au memoire de quelques princes du sang. S. I. n. d. 
 Pp. 13. 
 
 Reponse d'un medecin de village a la petition du Dr. G***. 
 Pp. 24. Signed: D***. D***. For Dr. Guillotin's pamphlet see 
 above, section III : Petition des citoyens domicilies, etc. 
 
 Reponse de monseigneur comte d'Artois aux lettres adressees a 
 son alt esse royale. S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. In this pamphlet the Comte 
 d'Artois is made to say a number of silly things. He complains that 
 the beaux esprits are getting too familiar with him, and denies that he 
 spends every night "caballing" with women, etc. 
 
 Reponse de M. de Calonne a la lettre de M. de B eyerie, conseiller 
 au parlement de Nancy. Londres, 1788. Pp. 20. Bears date of 
 December 5. 
 
 Requite d'un cultivateur au roi, apres la retraite des notables. 
 S. I. n. d. Pp. 16. A plan for financial reforms. 
 
 S'il est de I'interet du tiers etat de se choisir des representants dans 
 son sein exclusivement. S. I. n. d. Pp. 4. Contends that the third 
 estate should be free to choose nobles as its deputies.
 
 Howard College Studies 45 
 
 Seconde lettre a Monsieur le comte d'Artois. S. I. n. d. Pp. 14. 
 Tells the Comte how unpopular he is becoming and invites him to pay 
 attention to public opinion. 
 
 Seconde lettre de M. le comte de S . . . . t, en reponse a celle de 
 M. Del . . . . y I'aine. S. I. n. d. Pp. 19. Bears date of December 9. 
 
 Soyons de bonne foi. S. I. n. d. Pp. 32. At the end is the fol- 
 lowing: "Le comte Duprat, decembre 1788". Contends that neither 
 the parlements nor the Court wants the States General. See above, 
 section II : A qui voudra me lire. 
 
 Suite des "Lettres aux notables sur la forme et I'objet des etats 
 generaux, par M. P.-V. C along es" . Londres, 1788. Pp. 61-108. The 
 pagination follows directly that of the "Lettres". See above, section 
 III : Lettres aux notables, etc. 
 
 Sur la petition proposee aux Parisiens. S. I. n. d. Pp. 8. Refer- 
 ence to Dr. Guillotin's Petition des citoyens domicilies, etc. See above, 
 section III. 
 
 Le tiers etat au roi. S. I. n. d. Pp. 61. Favors the contentions 
 of the third estate. Preceding the title-page is a letter to the king thus 
 dated : "Rodez, le 20 decembre 1788". The letter is signed : Louchet. 
 
 Un bonhomme aux etats generaux, sur quelques objets relatifs 
 aux arts; sur M. Poyct et les plagiaires, etc., etc., etc., Londres, 
 decembre 1788. Pp. 28. 
 
 La veritable sentinelle du peuple. S. I. n. d. Pp. 18. Hardy 
 mentions this pamphlet in his Journal under date of December 22, 1788. 
 
 Verites philosophiques et patriotiques sur les affaires presentes. 
 S. I., 1788. Pp. 24. Deals with the behavior of the Breton nobility. 
 Barbier attributes this pamphlet to Jacques-Guillaume Thouret, but 
 adds : "La brochure dont il s'agit ici est citee dans "I'lntroduction au 
 Moniteur", p. 229; mais M. Thouret fils m'a declare n'avoir aucune 
 connaissance de cet ecrit, attribue sans doute trop legerement a son 
 illustre pere." I can only guess at the date of publication.
 
 46 Howard College Bulletin 
 
 Book Review 
 
 TOULOUSE IN THE RENAISSANCE 
 John C. Dawson, Columbia University Press, New York City, pp. 190 
 
 Dr. Dawson's Toulouse in the Renaissance consists of three closely inter- 
 related studies. The first, entitled "The Floral Games of Toulouse," is a his- 
 torical treatment of early phases of French literature and is primarily of in- 
 terest to students of Romance poetry. The second study, "University and Stu- 
 dent Life at Toulouse in the Sixteenth Century," and the third, "Etienne Dolet at 
 Toulouse," give us a picture of university student life in the sixteenth century 
 which, as far as the writer's knowledge goes, is unequalled for concreteness and 
 vividness by anything extant in the English language. The author of Toulouse 
 in the Renaissance has brought to his work what is among American students 
 of education an altogether exceptional liguistic equipment, through which he 
 has made available contemporary records of the Nations, the records of the 
 Floral Games, the minutes of local governmental bodies, and private corre- 
 spondence of principals. Out of this source material he has developed a stirring 
 narrative of real persons and vital social movements. 
 
 The part of the book which deals with university life at Toulouse is from 
 many points of view attractive to the student of education. For one who is 
 particularly desirous of sensing the relationships of the university to the Church, 
 the Crown, the municipal government, and the rising parlements at a time of 
 active social reorganization, there is given an amount of concrete detail which 
 lifts the mediaeval university out of the half-lights in which we too customarily 
 see it and shows the quick and violent response which that institution was making 
 to the surrounding life forces of the sixteenth century. The conflict between 
 the old learning of the schools and the new learning of the Humanists, the clash 
 of reformer and conservative in religion, the continuous and bitter rivalry be- 
 tween "town and gown", and the turbulent activities of the student body organ- 
 ized into their nations, are made to live again in the pages of this book. 
 
 The effectiveness of Dr. Dawson's presentation results in large part from 
 its wealth of concrete detail. He shows us the nations not only as aspects of 
 university administration, but also as a fraternity of warm hearted and very red- 
 headed youths who were living temporarily in a hostile environment where 
 organization was the only means of safety, and, one might well add, the pro- 
 vocative cause of most of their dangers. How different a notion does one have 
 regarding the "prior," or president of the nation, when we know him by name 
 and follow him — the most doughty fighter, the most engaging and diplomatic 
 leader of his friends, and the bitterest and most daring aggressor against the 
 nations' foes, through the exciting and sometimes sanguinary adventures which 
 Dr. Dawson recounts out of that three hundred year old record book of the 
 nation of Provence. And Etienne Dolet — sword fighter, humanist, orator, poet, 
 ladies' man, with a strong dash of bad boy — what a tremendous fellow he was ! 
 
 Dr. Dawson has made in Toulouse in the Renaissance a great contribution 
 to our understanding of mediaeval and renaissance education. The book should 
 be known to all students of the history of education. 
 
 EDWARD H. REISNER, 
 Professor of History of Education, 
 Teachers College, Columbia University.
 
 Vol. LXXXI December, 1923 No. 4 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 The Custom of the Essay in the Poetic Contests of the College of 
 
 Rhetoric at Toulouse John C. Dawson 
 
 Dramatic Economy in "The Return of the Native" Percy P. Burns 
 
 The Rise of Alabama Baptists James A. Hendricks 
 
 The Convocation of the States General, July 5-September 25, 
 
 1788 Mitchell B. Garrett 
 
 Philosophy of Method in Teaching Wm. E. Bohannon 
 
 Vol. LXXXII May, 1924 No. 5 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Hosea Holcombe and Early Alabama Baptists (Chapters 3 and 
 
 4) James Albert Hendricks 
 
 The Controversy Over the Composition of the States-General, 
 
 September 25-November 6, 1788 Mitchell Bennett Garrett 
 
 Vol. LXXn December, 1924 No. 4 
 
 CONTENTS 
 Cromwell's Relations with Spain Virginia Holliman 
 
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