THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ENGLAND'S KECENT PROGRESS AN INVESTIGATION OF THE STATISTICS OP MIGRATIONS, MORTALITY, &c. IN THE TWENTY YEARS FROM 1881 TO 1901 AS INDICATING TENDENCIES TOWARDS THE GEOWTH OR DECAY OF PARTICULAR COMMUNITIES BY THOMAS A. WELTON, F.S.S., F.C.A. LONDON CHAPMAN & HALL, Ltd., HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. 1911 LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, prKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W. IKP "' PREFACE. It seems right that I should explain how I came to take upon myself the responsibility of submitting these figures to the public. As far back as 1857 I was occupied in studying the Census Tables then available, and my Essays on the Census of Occupations, the first of which was read before the Statistical Society in June 1858, were printed in 1860. The doctrine as to classification which I then advocated was not without influence over the subsequent publications of the Census Office. About the same time I was engaged upon the population statistics of Lancashire and Cheshire, and my papers on this subject, written jointly with the late Mr. John Towne Danson, were printed in the Transactions of the Historic Society (Liverpool) in 1857 and succeeding years. I again dealt with the subject of the statistics of EngHsh Occupations in a paper read before the same Society in December 1868, and in a further paper read in March 1869 I considered the statistics of births, deaths and migrations. In a paper on the movement of population in certain rural counties, where population upon the whole was almost stationary (Statistical Journal, 1879-80), I entered upon the subject of migrations at particular ages. A paper read before the Manchester Statistical Society " On Forty Years' Industrial Changes in England and Wales " (9th March, 1898), gave a summary of the Census figures as to Occupation in 1851 and 1891. The general growth and distribution of Population in England and Wales in the ninety years 1801-1891 was the subject of a paper (Statistical Journal, 1900, pp. 527-589), which gained an award of the Guy silver medal. These are not the only statistical papers of mine bearing on subjects akin to those treated in this book, which have appeared in the Statistical Journal and elsewhere during the last fifty years, and I have, therefore, had ample time and opportunity to consider the questions dealt with in my present work, and have entered upon it partly for my own information, though it would not have reached its present dimensions had I not formed the opinion that the results to be attained were of great interest and value to the public. 14*31114 TABLE OP CONTENTS, Migrations and Mortality Graphs . Introduction ...... The Districts and Groups tabulated Total Migrations in Classes of Districts Characteristics op such Migrations Effect of Inclusion of Rural Areas . . . . . . 2, 10 Migrations (in Classes op Districts) in Twenty Years — 1881-1901 Hypothetical Eesults ip Migrations remained Uniform for Thirt Years ............ Migrations into and prom Individual Towns and Districts . f Greatest Gains and Losses at Age 15-40 ..... Migratory Movements at Three Periods op Life, viz., 0-15, 15-40 40 and upwards ..... Summaries op Local Migrations, showing Particulars op Exceptional Cases Movement op Population at Age 0-15 ...... Movement op Population in Divisions op London .... Age-Constitution op Populations ....... Death Rates in Classes of Districts : A Scale op Mortality and it Application ........... Mortality at Ages 15-45 ......... Diagrams showing Death Rates ....... Mortality at Ages 0-15 ......... Marriages : Proportions op the Unmarried Marriages, Numbers of, compared with those op Unmarried Men Marriages : Numbers of Spinsters to 100 Bachelors in London . Marriages taking place far from Future Home . Marriages : Proportions of Bachelors at Age 45-55 Marriages : General Conclusions .... Marriage Rates Early Marriages, Indications op, in 1891 PAGE ix-lxiv 1 6 7 8 13, 39 10 10 12 15 18 18 29 35 40 43 54 57 58 59 60 61 63 68 70 70 72 EEEATUM. 586 vlii Co7%tentsi of Appendicefi. K. Disturbing causes which affect migration statistics (continued)— 5. Numbers and proportions of local deaths which occurred in certain lunatic asylums, &c. .....■••• 0. Proportions of special inmates of asylums to population in places less strongly influenced by asylums ...... 587 7. Net admissions to, in excess of departures from, the principal lunatic asylums, &c., in each decennium ...... 588 S. Calculation as to excess of mortality at each age in certain districts containing asylums ......... 589 9. As to hospitals : proportion of total deaths occurring within them, and numbers of special inmates in classes of districts . . . 590 10. As to commercial clerks : proportions resident in central and suburban parts of London, Manchester, and Liverpool . . 592 F. 1. Losses by death per cent, in ten years, computed upon mean population for each decennium. Terminal ages 0-15 and 45-75 . . . 598 The proportion per cent, at age 75 upwards is not shown. 2. The like at terminal ages 15-45 ........ 614 3. Losses by death (decennial) of persons aged 65 and upwards at the commencement of a decennial period, including a Table for the sub-divisions of London ........ 630 4. Tables for sub-divisions of London similar to Nos. 1 and 2 . . . 686 5. Index numbers representing the mortality in the 160 districts at each age of each sex in the two decennial periods ..... 640 6. Comments on Tables No. 5 656 7. Tables showing rates of mortality at terminal ages 0-15 and 60 upwards and comments thereon, including reference to the diminished mortality in 1891-1900 8. Additional Notes •■-...... G. Re-calculation of migrations and losses by death in Nottingham, the Potteries, Chester, Lincoln, Exeter, Crewe, Grimsby, and Rugby . Notes as to Birmingham, Stockport, and London H. Proportions of women aged 20-45 who are married and proportion of births to 100 married women under 45 Proportion per cent, of men aged 45-55 who are single, and proportion of marriages to 100 bachelors and widowers aged 20 and under 35 Tables showing these ratios for each of the 160 districts . K. Some data as to occupations in 1901 ...... IsDEX OF Places 667 686 694 704 713 715 717 726 733 Page 28, last line but one, for Appendix G, read Appendix D. DIAGEAMS. The following pages contain two sets of " graphs," one relating to migrations at several ages, and the other to mortality at successive periods of life, or rather, to the losses per cent, experienced by the several successive generations in either of the decennial periods 1881-1890 and 1891-1900. Also, a single diagram of another sort. Migrations. — These diagrams will be found on pages ix.-xvi. They represent the rates per cent, of gain or loss at ages 15-20 to 50-55 of either sex in each decennial period. The main point is to note the resemblance of the two graphs representing successive decennial periods. Mortality. — These diagrams comprise : — First, two on page xvii., showing the index numbers at several ages of the national death-losses of either sex in the two decenniums. Second, a series on pages xviii.-xxv., showing the index numbers at several ages of the death-losses of several aggregates of districts as classed under ten heads and the rural residues under three heads, leaving the remaining rural aggregates unrepresented by graphs, as well as the four Military towns and the Eesidential districts containing lunatic asylums. Third, a series on pages xxvi.-lix., showing the index numbers at several ages of the death-losses of certain selected places, including at the end a few samples of riu-al residues of County groups. There are besides, on pages Ix.-lxiii., similar graphs in relation to the re-calculated death-iosses of certain places shown in Appendix G. And finally, on page Ixiv., a diagram relative to the Table in Appendix A, page 131, which serves to exhibit the agreement or discordance of the progressive ratios of shrinkage of population of either sex in a succession of quinquennial periods, at the dates of the last three Censuses, IX Mi(jrii fioii Llraj^lis. 10 Lmu'.k Towns. \oi:s J 1881-91. f) 20 20 ;30 .^5 40 4 1 1 1 1 1 I 21 f ■ ■■II 'Die mai-gina I figures represent the ral.es jwr cent, of Gain or Loss cotnjnitcd on Ihe commeneing jiopiilatwn. IS 1 \ 1 > 15 IJ 1 1 \ ^^ Ft' III a G y r^ 3 / > \ •''"' ../ \S /-\ 3 — 6 ^^-. " 9 Colliery Districts. 12 9 v\ G """ ., /' '>^. 3 ' k ^ \-- ,' ^ N ^ ->^ 3 /■'finer/ , s - ■--- "S .' 24 RuR.AL Districts. 3 6 ^ ^ ^ 9 12 --/ - -'■ ■ r / / 15 Mo i8 21 '"""'" / 1 J f ""\ "\ 24 27 30 33 ^\ -■ r \ / U J Migration Graphs. x 10 Large Towns, aues i5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 b 2 Mi(j)ation Graphs. Ac.KS . . 1.^' -20 '25 30 35 10 15 50 22 Textile Districts. 1881-91. 6 3 3 6 25 Industrial Districts. 3 3 6 9 12 19 Old Towns. 6 3 3 6 9 12 __ \ \Ffma f.s- N. \ ,/^ \ s. ' '-^_ -/ ^-- '-^ ^ — -J - ^ ^ Mah:^ ts. \ \ \, ^^'h maJex ■ — 7^ r^ ■^ \ \ y '' \ V \ ^ / / V Males y ^v-^ Migra Hon '^ (jvap hs . Xll Ages . 22 Textile Districts 1891-01. (; 3 3 25 Industrial Districts 3 3 6 9 12 19 Old Towns. 6 3 3 6 9 12 15 i !0 25 [ 1 JO s 5 4 4 5 5 i ') „ "emales 1 \ A \ — — ~p \ ^ -^-.^ ^ -"" \i p^ TS Ft males ^ • ''""• ^ - N, / ---. >.^ \^ -^ ^\F^ males ^- --- \ V \ .P^ \ \.^ '/ . / if^ Xlll Mitjr(itio)i Gra2)hs. \^iy^ . 1;, -20 J;") :30 35 iO 1,) 50 55 Ui Mu.iTAKV Districts. 1881-91 51 48 45 42 39 36 33 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 3 6 9 12 15 l8 1 CTS. A / '\ Mu ,y r\ V / / \ \ Fern a I "" — ^^;^' -- / / y / \ / \/ / V Migration Graphs. Ages . 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 XIV 50 [G MiLiTAKY Districts. 1891-01. 51 48 45 42 39 36 33 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 3 6 9 12 15 i8 JTS. A / Ma / es ' >. / / /V Fema / i '^ N / S r~ A- I / \ / \ / \ / f V XV Migration Graphs. J-'c males '32 Residential Distkicts. Aces . 15 -20 1881-91. 21 18 15 12 9 G 3 3 6 9 12 15 i8 21 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Mali!, \ . \ \ \ V . \ y^ -.^ — - N ^ y ~ ~^ \ f f ' Migration Graphs. XVI 32 Residential Districts. A(;es 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 1891-01. 21 18 15 12 9 G 3 3 6 9 12 15 i8 21 t Females -- \ V \ \ ^ ""'^ — — ' \ \ -- ^ 1 ^-' MaU:i » 1 \ / \ / \ / \/ / V The diagrams opposite exhibit male and female mortality in accordance with " the scale " at each age-interval. If the figm^es for 1881-1890 were alone under consideration we might easily accept the scale as representing mortality in healthy districts, but those for 1891-1900 suggest that a lower scale, especially at ages 20-40, might be preferable. Mortality Graphs. xvii England and Wales (Males) Index Numbers. Ages . . 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 CO G5 70 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 /^ r^ ISbl- 90 / • • X; ~ ^ V •'" "^ V. • \; >< / / \ \ ' 'is; r "^ l-UO ■ •^-■ _/" ^ England and Wales (Females) Index Numbers. Ages . . 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 GO 65 70 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 ^^ ^ v^ /— ^' •'^^' ^^ ^ ^ \ '^ / / / / K \ \ "^'"d Bl-90 y / \_ \ ^ ^ \ N — ^ 1891 -on Nviii Mortality Graphs. Ages .5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 G5 70 75 Lai ;C.E- Tow NS._ -IHi 1 1 0(lf~> \lon r.vLi T\^( Tndi 1 ERS l-l. ISO 170 •^ / \, 160 / ^ ^ --s s \, 150 \ N^ / / /' \ \ \, 140 130 190 \ Ma!t:^ y / / ■\ \ — ^ ""^ 1 1 1 V \ 1 \ ■\ no Fima les \^ 100 \ ^y 90 ! 80 Old To^ VNS. 1 160 y*>. loO / / ""^ ^N 140 r ^ -jy- / \l V 130 J ^ / • N s X. N, 120 1 /• s y V \^ 110 j \Fe males 100 90 Col _,IER i- D: STR] CTS. 160 \1ates loO ^,-— » ^^ -^ V __^ 140 r*^. — ' > -\ ^- -^ y^ - ^ ■■-■- ^ -~\ 130 . ■^einal es ' >. ^ • y \^ s 120 \ / / x\ 110 ^v^ \ 100 Mortality Graphs. XIX AGES . 5 10 15 '20 25 :50 35 40 45 50 55 GO 65 70 75 1 1 I 1 Lar JE : ['owt IS. 1891-1900 Mori 1 ALII Y a NDE c N JMBI :jis). 180 170 ^ ^^ IfiO / V, ^-^, 150 / / / ^ \ L 140 \ ♦ / / / N «- — N. \ 130 \ / f / / / ^N », 120 k Male l^ J \ \ 110 v^ / 1 > 100 J 90 V / 80 N •^Fem ales f Oli Tc WNS 180 150 140 '^^ -^ 130 / ^ ^ ""^ ^-^ \ 120 \ ^r . Male i^ / \ 110 N/ / ^ 100 >. ^ N / / 00 s__ ,^^ F emale ' Cor LIEI iY r ISTI TCTS 150 \ ^^ , 140 ■\ s. yy >^ *. • — ;_■ >*:» ^;> 130 \ /N] tales /■ \ 120 N V \ 'Y \ 110 Fen tales V V r / 100 * •^y Agks ;") 10 ID 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 1 1 22 ?l.A^ ESJ yiTP _Te CTIL ( 331 Indi ANL' ^•VCT :x NuMi URES JERS . 1 881- ■189 or 3RT/ LI'I'V — 180 170 1(50 ^ -->- ---^, / k' S \^ >s. / / ^ * ^ ^ -> >\ 150 140 X . y>' <^ V / ^ y \ \ \ V Ma lc<; J. / / \ y 130 N \ CJ / / \ V'^O Femal \ no ■^^ - 100 no Indu STRI AL, 5evi ;n I lac: ^s {] -IlDI tLES 3R0' &C. ). 140 -— ^^ 130 --iw ^ ''^ V ,^ ^^ ' ~ - --~^ 120 ** •^. __ \ ^^ J^ r' V s, 110 \ ^ 1 ^>^ >^ \ 100 Femal «/ 90 Indi STR AL,. Sl>L Pla DES_ pVc LVB iHAJ IPTO N,_& C.)- 170 160 ^ ."^^ 150 ,V / ■\ S. 140 \ ^. / / ^'-. •■.^ .-- .-\ 130 ^ Males / / -\ 120 \ N _ ^ y /,,-- \ 110 emale ^ ./ \ 100 90 Mortality Graphs. Ages 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 7; XXI 22 ?LAC ES > ^ITH Te CTIL 3 M \NU i'ACT UREf . 1 391- 190 ) M 3RTy^ LIT\ Ind DX 1 lUM JERS I- ISO 170 /' "^ V 160 / ,- » . . — - -A 150 s , / / X ^ ' A 140 \ / / 1 \ 130 'A s. / / / \ 120 \ V- '^ >^at es / / / / \ 110 \, - ^N, y 100 ^ Ft inales ^ ' 90 V ■-..^ Indi XSTR AL^ Sev EN-J ^AC ES-( Mid 3LES BRO -&C. \ )• 140 \ ,^ -\ 130 \ ^ <:' , ^-' y -- _ "\ 120 -\ /> ^■ \ V no v^ N^' /- Mali 9 / \ 100 ^ V^ -^ N -y' \ 90 / x Indu 3TRI ^L, k pix ' ?LAC ES ( Wo _,VEI HAM PTOI I, &c '■)■ 170 im \ iriO \ ^ ^^— -^ 140 > \ ^ ^ *»fc v\ 180 A ■ \\ 120 k / f \ 110 \ \ A J ale a /' \ 100 ■> V- -V 90 ^"- Fern xlca , xxii Mortnlih/ GrapJtu. Agks . f. 10 15 '20 25 :]0 35 40 45 50 55 GO G5 70 75 1 Ri'i AL ( Eas r), ^ iz., Tiiu " Mc UTA i:e ( J HOI (In rs >EX" Noi KOLI ;bi;u :, & :.). 1881 -It 90 130 120 ')• 1 110 If ^ k^ 100 s N -.- — --^ — 00 — — ~. =-^rC- — ^ • ■:: ■ 80 ;AL- AVE lsh) , vi' -s x-G ROU Rui ino r'S. KiO ,/^ Males 140 180 y /-N \ ' \ \ 19,0 / t / / Vcn ales'^ ^V. — *». ^^ 110 ""•^ ^ ^ 100 / ^x 90 :th- Wes T (I LURA L). ■ nz., Thi EE :>Ro JPS [Wi jTS, &l:] So 180 J ^emah s 120 110 • n N ^^ 100 ■v^ ^/. 7^^^ ^"^ _-- , - - -" ^^ %^ "_ — N ^ 00 80 Ind ISTR lAL,. Twj :lv£ _Pl ICES _(So UTH AMP^ ^ON^ &c.; . 1 140 130 /- ^ /^ ■^^ ■ -^^ 120 ^s V / /^ \^ defty / ^ 110 w /^ • ^ ^ • --. --, ^ K 100 1 f ^ tN- 90 "emaU ■^ r- / 80 N "^ ^^^ 70 1 1 Mortality Graphs, XXlll Ages .'5 10 15 20 2,0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 Riju [ \i. (East), viz., THiiKii Ghoups (Norfolk, &c.). 1891-1900 130 120 110 Mo ITAL ITY (Ind EX J NUM BE UP )■ 100 90 'eraaU s r^ r* -.^ _^ "^ >^ >^ --^ ^ .*~i ■^ \>'^ ' ^^ SO Malv^ -- ^ .>^ y RUR. 160 .L ( Wel r. , T \ Si> : Gr lOUP bH), \ VI,. 150 140 130 r ^, 1^0 4 N N*'j Us ^ /^ — ^ 110 ^X \ \ N V ^.^"^^ ^ • — " ~ ~ - --- ■^ V 100 ;^ >^ Fern W..>- ^ \ 90 rH-\ Ves'i ' (R URAL ). vi z., ' :HRr :b G ROU PS ( WiL rs, t tc). Sou 180 190 110 Ma es ,- c \ ^ ^^ ::^--' \ 100 ^- - 90 -^^ ■J s \ X .^^ X " RO • ^ V .. Fen .ales /' ' ] NDl :STR lAL, Twi :lve Pl \CES 1 A MP 'I ^ON, &C.) 140 130 120 110 100 90 I'^O ^ ^^ -^ \— o r-" Ma{ es ^, ^ \, r ^^^ ,'' *' -.- ^ ^ ^' \ \ \ \ kJ f 1 1 \ V \ ' '\ 1 80 70 ' / 1 \ Fern a I es ^^ /• XXIV Mortdlifi/ Graphx. A».r.s> 1 1 1 r, 20 2 J •-, 30 35 10 1 1 1 1 f) .'] 55 60 C 1 1 5 7 75 1 1 Rk>ii JKNTlAIi 1 (NiNK r liACKS, BlUGU'l'ON, lie.)- Ill 1 1 1881-1890 Mortality 1 1 1 1 I (Index I Utm }KRS ). IGO 150 /^ ^ =^,-- IK) i / \ \ i;^() ^ y^Malel'^ _y \ N 120 ^ ^ /- .- '' ■■ , •^- N, 110 <;■ V. / \, 100 - - / 90 ^^Fe y X • 80 70 RESir lENTIAL (Thi RTEl 3N " Oti [ER' Pl ACEi f)- 130 120 h a/M ^^^^ 110 _^ "-^ v^ 100 y^ .''■ ■ "v \ >- . — -^ ' ^ t::^ ^^ 90 ■ /'-*1 mates ^- ^ .--' 80 "^•^ 70 MiL] TAR' ( (T WEL VE ' Oti [ER ' ' Pl aces). 150 140 ^ 130 A /' ^ \ 120 /' \ Mai "■ / / •■ " - - - \ v^\ 110 ^ - * /_ V ^ /■ ^ ■' ' '^^ ■7>^ 100 ^ -^ v N \ 90 ■ —^FemuU s 80 70 Morfal/fi/ Gntphi^. XXV \ges h 1 3 1 '■> 20 2 1 1 3 30 3 1 J 5 10 4 _ L 1 . ...I 3 55 GO C 1 ... J.... 1 5 7 1 7 .1 5 1 Resi: 3ENTIAL (Nine Places, BRiGnroN, kc). 18[ 1-1 )00 VIORTALITV 1 Index Numheks 1 1 )• 160 150 140 ^ /^ V 130 / ^^ ■^^ 120 /^Mal es ^ \ \. no ^ ;:^ J /' ^^ N — \ \ 100 V/ ' /■ \^, qo >. ~\ 80 \ / / 70 \Fe nales f' Res: DEN TIAL (Ti IRTl :en "Oi ^HEB •' P LAC 3S). 180 I'^O 110 -Male _^ 100 .«*::: ^ X"*^ ^,~ ■.»«.- ---' \ N. no ^^ --y r^ ^ . N* 80 \ \ ^ 70 \ ^ewal es ^ ^ ^^ Mil TAR I (i; WEL VE ^ <0t HER " p jACE s). 150 140 130 ^ \ S, 120 / V .^__ 110 MoUs / ^ .'■- •« __ _ - — "s N 100 \- / / \ \. y / f ■\ 1)0 \ \- -~_ ■L j^ ■ 80 \ . / s f 70 V 1 ■-L , Females^ .i 1 c 2 XXM MortaJitij Graphs. London (Males) Indkx Numbers. AOKS .5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 210 190 ISO 170 ^/^ ^" ^ 160 / / ^ ^ ' ~ "^^ \ 150 / . f V ^ 140 N, / / / s s> 130 V \^ 881-90 ^ ^^ y / \ 120 \ •n/' / / 110 \ ^_^. ^-- -^' 100 ISO 1-00 90 80 70 Lon: )0N (SEI ARA' 'IXG Ini ER A.ND Oui 'er), 210 200 y^ 190 / / -^ ISO /. / \ 170 [nne ^\ /;■ \\ \ 160 •A \, / 1 1 \ 150 '\ ISSl- ^, /, V 140 \, ^ /~~~ / r^ ,-- — ^ \ \ 130^ )UTE R \ \ V_ -^ 1801- 00 ^. • / / y- - >*^ ^ "- 120 \ \^ 'Tt^ / •■ < 110 \ igsi-r ^^ y / 100 \ / 90 ^^-' 1891-0 u "^ 80 70 {TlxA continuous lines always represent rates oj Mortality in 1881-90, and the dotted lines those in the next Decennium.] Mortality Graphs. XXVll London (Females) Index Numbers. Ar.KS .5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Ab 50 55 60 65 7l) 210 200 190 IRO 170 IfiO IfjO N. ^, 140 w V ,y y^ \, 130 \ / f V — ' -^. N, 120 \ s. / f 1 i \ 110 \, / / 100 \, / / / 90 V V . ISSI -90/' / / 80 \ / 70 00,'' LON DON (se: 'ARA tinc r In •^er AND Ou per) 210 200 190 180 170 !nne "X 160 \\ /*■ " A 150 \ \ / v_ 140 / // \\ 130^ )UTE IB. y /'' /\ V 120 s^ N': \ / 'l^ ^ y. -•-^-. "^ :rv \ 110 \ \ ^, /- • / \ 100 > vlgSl -90/ / / / / 90 \ ^-\ / '/ 80 V \l: 1 iM>< -qo 70 \ \ y (;0 xxviii Mii>i((Ii(i/ Gr((phs. Agf.s . :. 10 1.") 20 25 30 35 40 -1.) 50 r,[, 60 6:> Td Manc h-H — HESTEH (MaLes);. V>?0 /-- *v 210 / / \ \ 200 / / / ^■\ >^, 190 /. / \\ 180 / 1 ' t V \ 170 N 1*81 -90 / 1 1 \ IfiO \ \ ^^ ^'"^ / 1")0 \ \ / / 140 \ 'v • 130 \ _ ■ -•' \ >91-0ii 120 110 100 90 LlVEI POO L {I [ale s). 220 -A. 210 N \ 200 r / N A 190 1 ; ^> \ ISO is &1-90 / 1 \, 170 \ --">^ " ^ 1 \ 160 \ 1 1 \- 150 \ ^ ^ 140 130 1891- UH 120 110 100 1 U. . Mortality Graphs. XXIX AOKS . 5 10 15 20 1 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6( 65 70 nr *■ 1 t^Tl 1 , Manchester (Females). 220 910 200 y /\ \ 190 / / ,'N ->- 180 u / «. - "A 170 V / ^ i^ 160 ^N \ ■ / \ 150 / / / / 140 \ \ "X J / / 130 \ -^ ^1881- '"/ ^ , 120 \ "^ -^ 1 1 110 —A — / } 100 s ,/ 90 1S91- 00 LlVEI ?P00 L(F EMA LES) 220 210 200 /\ /- / \ ^'r — <" / \ \. 190 y -* — \ 180 \ / 1 1 '-' A 170 — \— \ \ // ^ U 160 \ ■\ / / 1 \; 150 \ \ / 1 1 \ 140 \ \ s / / 1 1 130 \ V 1881-9 1s^ Y 1 1 1 120 \ t 1 no \ s 100 1891 Iv 00^- - „ ' '' xxx Mortality Graphs, AoKS .5 10 15 '20 25 30 35 40 15 50 55 TO Co 70 BiHJ 1 1 1 IING HAM (M. \LES). 170 160 ^ "x 150 \ / /'■ ^""^^ ~v.^ \ 140 / \. 130 y / f; f I'^O s. 1S81 90^ ---'/ no \ ^^ -^ r" 100 ^ 1S9 -00,' 90 LEED s (IV [ales) 190 180 ,^ 170 > / / ^ ^ 160 N "^ .^188 -90 / r — N I0O \ "^ v / / 1 140 > N N/ / / J 130 \-. -00 1 120 s t / 110 >^_ _ --' 100 90 80 i 1 Mortality Graphs. XXXI AGES . 5 10 15 '10 25 :^0 35 40 45 50 55 GO 65 70 BiRJ J , 1- ■ INGHAM ■■ ■ 1 (Femali .S). 170 160 150 140 ^s \ ,- ' \ ^ \ / / -^ ^ N. ■^ ^ 130 \ / \ 120 '\ c?J / 1 / 1 110 — *— \ \ N / '! > -\— / '^' 100 90 X \ "^ _y / 80 -^ y Leed S (P EMA liES) 180 170 ,\ ->^ 160 \ / , »» \ X ir)0 \ s / / ^•^ * 140 \ \ / / 180 \ \ / / / • 120 V "Vi!, n-90 > ,' 110 \ / 100 \ / / 90 \18 91-00. / / 80 •"' xxxu Mortdlifi/ Gr((phs. Ages 1 1 1 > 1 . -J -2 J 3 5 1 1 f) f) Uh (1 I ( ') 7 Oldr »,( Mai KS). 210 A-, '200 /■ N \ 100 / // \ LSO ISSI 90 / / / V- \ 170 \ "^^ \ / / \ 160 \ \ 7 / / 150 \ / HO ^ •> "* ^ / • • 130 1891 -C 1^0 110 100 ROCH 3ALE (M \LEJ )• 200 190 / -'*^. 180 p o X 170 fl V^ 160 JO 1 150 y / \ // / -X \ 1 1 1 1 140 -- -- . 130 \ ^ \ 7 1 1 120 \ V- — '' 110 \m\- 00 100 'JO • ^ Mortalitij Graphs. xxxii Ages . 5 10 15 -20 25 30 35 lO 45 50 55 GO 65 70 Oldh 1. 1 1 1 AM (Females). 210 200 190 180 r ^^ ^^ 170 \s N, / "- 160 ^ / 1 .150 \ \ 1881- w / 140 \ \, y / / 130 •- --.^ \ \^ y / 19,0 \ ^ / / no \ .'' 100 1891 -00 ROCH DALE ) (F] 1 EMALES). 900 190 180 170 160 \^ ^^ ■-^, ~* 150 A / / \ .1881- 90 / 140 s 130 ' \ \ \ . :/ 120 \ \ \ V 'jy no — *-- ~ \ \_ / ^ 100 \ \ / 90 189 i-oo"~ .* ^/ XXXIV Mortality Graphs. Ages . 5 10 1.^ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 GO 65 70 [Iali 1 (Ma LES) 190 y ^ 180 / 170 / * \ s._ 160 / / s 150 18S1- ^0 / 1 140 _ / / \. / 1 / / 130 V —V N k_ J / 120 / 110 N ^ ■ / 100 l><91-( n-x^ 90 80 Brai FOR ) (^ 'ale B) 180 170 ^^ y ^ 160 /" " ■-- \ 150 ^ N ^^ /\ ,881 -w ) / 140 ' ^y \ / 130 \ \ \^ / / / t 120 V ' ^ \ \ / / 110 1 t 100 1 891 flC V __ _ 90 80 Mortality Graphs. XXXV VGES Hali . 5 IC ) u 1 ) '2C 1 25 3C 35 40 45 5C 55 6e ) (k J T( ) FAX teH — ^~r" (Females). 190 ISO 170 160 150 ISg] -< A , - 140 130 120 110 100 /\ / 7^ < _ , ^^v. ■^' N \ f^ y ^ -' H V \, / / / ^.' - * s \ / f \ V ^/ 90 r \ / / RO 18 91-00 1 Bra 3F0I D (FEM/ .LES' ). 180 170 160 A - 90 150 \ V. /\ /^ . ^7^ rr: 140 \ \ ^^ -V \ ^r^ 130 \ \ / ^ ' 1^,0 \ \ ^ / 1 1 no -' \ ^ /■ 100 • MO iKgi-0 80 r XXXVl Morfalifi/ Gr((j)}is. Ages . . 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 GO C5 70 Whi- h-t — 1 •EHAVEN (M. 1 1 ^LES )• 190 180 A 170 y \ 160 ^ \ \ 150 / \ 140 /^ K, i / / \ 180 ^^ ^ V \/ X ^ ' ~ - - .-- 190 f^ V / / 110 1 >• \ "V^ 100 18 91-00 Tv ''' 90 1 80 ] Bae: lOW- IN-FURN ESS (Ma: iES). 1B0 150 140 ^^ ^ 11-90 f 130 \- ^^ \ ^r- s.'' 120 \ \ r^ ^/ ^' r'^ no \ / 100 \ \. / 90 ,.' - ', ^ f 80 1891- jij ^^w- -' _.... Mortalitij Graphs. xxxvii Aces . . 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Go 70 Whit 1 1 EHA VEN (Femali s). 190 180 170 IRO V^ 150 / :\- _ 140 1?? 1-90 //■ ^ *,^ \ 130 J^ ■^ /f 120 -- ~ ' " \ .x-«. / / 110 \ \ \^ / / 100 \ t y 90 1891- ooV 80 Bab] ^OW IN-I 'urn ESS Fen [ALE s). 160 loO IS. 51-90 r / ^^\ fv 140 A J /^- / \ 130 \ \ \ ,^ ^"N >/ 120 \ \ \, y / •■ 110 \ \ V- — ^ / 100 V A / 90 ' 80 1S9 1-00 ■■ -^^ . " xxxviii Mortality/ Gm^)//,s\ Aces .5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 GO 05 70 Cbe\ E ( VIal ES). 130 ,-- _.- ._.- -- 120 • 110 \ k ■■ ^It Sl-90 y V "^ ^ 100 \ N, \^ — f^ -<■' 90 /■ 80 '-^ ']?91- K)"' BUR'J 0N-( Ln-T REN : (M ALE ^)- IGO 150 y .„^ 140 ^ / ^T^s -- 130 ItSl- f A '" 120 \ -._. J no V / / 100 \ \ -7 ,' X 90 V \ / 80 91-00 SOUTI [AMP TON (M^ LLES' . IsSl- 170 / .v.\ 160 1 < \-. ^ 150 / 1 1 ^>x • '" ^N s 140 / / 18' n-oo' * S N, -., 130 / / / / \ N 120 J 1 1 1 \ no N / 1 \ 100 ■^ -^ J/ 90 N.' 80 Mortality Graphs. xxxix Ages .5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Ceew E (I EMA i — ^ LES)! 130 120 110 , - '.^ > f y r \ \ V s. » A- -^ 1S81-9 0^ / 100 X V \ / 90 \ \ / / 80 IS 31-urr / Burt ON-O N-T] ^ENT (Fi^ MAL ES). 160 150 140 130 li SI -90 --^ _^ 190 ,^ " ' --J ^^_^ \ V/ V t / K 110 / Y y 100 *■" \ — y y 00 \ \ .-- • ~ ^y,'' 80 le 91-00 S0U1 HAM ?T01 f (F: IJMAI ES). 170 160 150 140 130 /' ,^- 120 / -\ \ - _ . _ 110 \ ^ ^ 100 ssi-y ) / / N ■ 90 ' \ V -^' / / 80 s / f lf-9 1 00 " --' . ' xl Mortality Gri(j>lis. Ages Woi . 5 IO 1 1 5 20 2 1 a ■■] 3 5 1 J 5 h 5 5 6 G 5 7 J 7 j jYerhampton (Males). 170 160 \ 150 ^ /^ ~, — X 140 \ ^ ^ " ■^ 130 16S1-9 » //' \ 120 \ V / V \ 110 \ "^ N, / / A 100 i^yi-f )0 •" ""■ -y \1. ■^ 90 80 Don CAS- rER (Ma LES) 150 140 \ 130 \ \ /• ■ " "n 120 •v. -^v • --- ^ 110 v^"^ -i^ -90 y y"^ / \ 100 \^ ■^\ S. , / >- - • 90 ■* ^r^ ^ ^ SO l«i^l- 00^ Mortality Graphs. xli Ages .5 10 15 20 25 30 35 10 45 50 55 GO 65 70 75 1 — 1 — \ — \ — \ — 1 — \ — Wolverhampton (Females). 170 • 160 \ I'iO \ 140 \ ^ ^ ■.- ----- 130 \ /^ \ 1^,0 --N /^ \ 1 no t < \,. 1 yO \ 100 \ \ ^ /. • \ 90 \ 80 '-- 00 Do> ICAS TER (Fe; ^lALI :s). IfiO 140 •^ 130 « * 120 ,.,^_^ .188 1-90 ^^ r^ , ' •> ^ 110 '^ \ /^ _. - -''' ^^ -N \ 100 \^ ^ y / / \ 90 V ^ ■ / 80 1 1 ^C^l-Ot \ d 2 xlii Mortality Graphs. Rf 1 1 1 1 IKi JU dO 4U io ou 00 t)U O.'J 70 1 DRU i;h (Malks). 1 ISO 1 170 1 A 1 1 >^--< \\ 180 A / 1 1 1 loO -~^ / \ ,A 1 < 1 '^ 140 \ "^ J I^ \ // w 180 \ / ' / s x. "lly' r 120 \ \ / r no \ 1 1 100 \'n 91-00 90 80 70 ! Dui HAM (M. Iles\ ^, Sl-90 170 A 160 / N \ 150 ^^^ y" \ ^^^ -^ 140 y^ %. \ V •' — ^^ ..a-m 130 N N^ \ V, A r 120 \ ■J 110 '•^ .^/ 100 Chi STEI .fie: .D (MaL ES). 130 >. 120 \ "" __^ISgl-30 _^ - >» 110 \ \ ,;;r -^ 100 \ \ ^^^ t^^ 90 1-GO V \ \ / SO ■ ^V^ -^ 70 I ! 1 MortaUty Graph^i. xliii Ages . . 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -10 45 50 55 60 65 70 xliv Mortality Graphs. 10 15 20 ;ir. 30 35 10 Mj 50 55 fiO fij 70 LlN 1 * VLKS). 170 1 ()l) A i:)0 r lf«l -IKi / \ \ 140 / f \ \, / r V "^ -^ A 130 — ^ \_ _7 \ V 120 ^ _ « •" -.- \- 110 > \ /"'^' rfl-O'i ' ^ . *■ ,-' ' 100 \ 1 90 * No J WICl , (M ALE S). 140 \ ^^ 130 1881- 90 /' A 120 N \, / \ \^ ^^ y" \i; — \ 110 N ^ / /: / \ ^ ^ <: 100 isei -00 ~ --- 90 60 OXFi )RD (Ma LES) 160 /\ 150 / N^ "^x 140 / . X ^ \^ N ^^ 130 1 A A, / • ""*-^\ \ K 120 / > \' // \^ -«. 110 -- y /■ 100 ^"- ^^ IS 91-00 90 80 70 60 Mortality Graph^^. xlv Ages LiNC 5 10 15 2C 1 1 2L 3( ) 3; ) 4( ) 45 5 3 55 G 1. J (i 5 7 OLN (FliMALES). 170 IfiO 181 1-90 A 150 A 140 / \, 1 -iO J \ s ^ ■— s v»^ yr\.. 1^0 ^- v^ ---~\ •■« . 110 «^^ ^ M 91-00 \P \ 100 S] ■^-v ' \ / / 90 s _ y Nor WICF ■ (F EMA LjES). 160 ISt jl-90 150 140 130 \j 120 1 N A j" y^ X 110 -N s / A V / y '' 'SCJI >eite 100 — t — V \ / 90 \ \ ^-, ^ / y 80 18 ^1-00 N., - -.- , -^ OXF OBD (Fe MAL ES). 160 150 140 130 ^^ T'O r ~^„ '-- -^^ ^;~ ' 110 \ s^ / 100 ^^ Ck 81-90 ,/ / 90 \ "^ s, / 1 / 80 \ . *% V / r 70 \ / 60 1891- 00 '' • ^^ ,,. . . xlvi MortaJitii Grapha. Aces Cam ) 10 1 1 ") 2( 3 2 5 3( 3 3 5 4( 3 1. ) :a ) :>i 6( 3 6c } 7( J 7.' 1 1 UilD 3E (|MaL ES). 190 w 180 J ^ \ ij 170 r X- ino / \ \. 150 / A 140 iS*i-< )0 / / " • ■^~ " * ^^ ^ \ ISO ^ ■^ \N // \ \ 1^0 / 1 t \ \ / ^y no < 7^ / / v \ 100 ^ / "* 18 n-oo 90 80 70 Cai^ LISL E (^ [ale S). 180 170 ,/^ -\ 160 ,/- 1881 l"/ / \ r^^" ^ 150 / / \ V ,'" •-•' N \ v UO ^ /,-' k /- • ■" \ 1 130 ^ -/ — 18 A' \ 120 1 1 \ n\ 110 " - , 1 V 100 Mortal it ij Graplm. xlvii Ages . 5 1 1( 3 1 5 20 2 1 5 3 3 5 -1 4 5 5 5 5 6 G 5 70 V; 1 ) Caj IBRI DGE (Fe 1 > \IALES). 1 ' 190 ISO 170 IGO 160 140 A 180 \ / / S \. 120 \ s. ,^ ^ y" \l. s. 110 \ 881-9 3 / /* f ^ \ 100 \. -Ts, / / . y' <.• 90 /, / 1891- JO ^ \ / / / 80 \ 70 V^ Car; ^ISL] : (F EMAl ^ES). 160 ^ 1SR1 t ^ ^ ^^ ^ N "~\ 150 K /'^ 140 h S, 1^ \ V 130 J r^ V ' ^""^ 1 1 \ \ 120 ~J 1 "-^^ - — - _/ \ « 110 "•^^ 1 ^.1 \ 100 1891- 00 — xlviii MortaUtji Graphti. AuK^ •> 10 lo JO -lb 30 nrj 40 4,) TiO 55 60 f.5 70 1 EXF. 1 TKU (Malks . 170 A' 160 r \ 1 \ y-^ <:-- - "^'s 150 --V 140 / V -^ ' / \ s. 130 / / \^ 1-00 * "S ■J ^ <, \ 120 -A / ^ y \; 110 100 90 Plv JOU' -H ( ^AL ES). 170 160 K Sl-90 r --V, InO /> V A f /'\ \ 140 r^ ^^ / \. / \.\ ^--^ 180 \ ^ '^ / \ \ "^ t ^ V; \ 1^0 N / / \^ ^ , — ' sJ ' <; 110 ^^As 91-00 100 90 Far> HA\ (M ALEI )• 160 IS 81-90 A 150 A 140 /\ y^ --' N 130 i 1 \ f 1 "X V r--^ _ ^ 120 / \ 1 ,' >*^ ^ N V 110 •> /. \ / 1 1 <* ■ 100 N, » U. -7 , 90 \ \ V 1 \ / 80 \ V ' \ / 70 \ / 1891 -00 1 Mortality Graphs. xlix Agks . 5 10 \b 20 25 30 :J5 10 45 50 55 Of G5 7U Exeter (Females). 170 ifiO 1 'SO 1^0 ISO ISS 1-90 .' ..^^ ^ 120 .. ^ /^' A / ^- '"-^^ »»«.^ ^' -' Fab NHA tf (I 'EMi^ LES' . 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 9C 8C 7C S81-9{ ) > ,^ V y y "\ /^ Isi ^ s — N / / f — \ ,^ ^^ . s >, V / . N ^ . ) ** 1891 -(10 * . ) - Mortality (rraphfi. Aces 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Mortality Graphs. AG ES b J ] 'I 1 U L! 1 U b 1 b 4 U 4 b b 5 5 e i 7 Ald =;esp [OT, Noi :TH (Peiv ALE L). 180 120 no 100 ,■ 90 ■ ~ - - s IS 81-90 -^ >^ ^ 80 ^-^ •^ V • " • -^ 70 % --' 60 189 -00 Wey VI ou FH ( Pem A.LES )• 140 180 A, 120 / / S \,^ 110 / v. ^, .' 100 1881- 90 / -^ ^ \ /- ^ \ 90 V "\ ^ ^ /V ■w 80 V \ ^ y . 70 _• 1891-00 1 ]ii Mortalifi/ Graphs Ages 15 '. 1 '- 5 3 35 4 4 5 5 5 5 C c 5 7 Bou UNE- lOL'l H ( \Ial, 3s). 270 a" Sl-90 260 A 250 ' ) y 240 \ 230 \ 220 // N \ V 210 jf \ \ 200 / \ \ 190 // V, \ 180 / / 1S91 \ 170 // \__: \'"\ 160 // 150 // s, ' \ 140 1^ \ \ 130 \ \ s S 120 J \ \ N 110 J / ^ ^ > 100 / 90 ^/ 80 Mortality Graphs. liii Ages . 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 GO 65 70 Bou RNEMOU ?H ( \ Fem \ \ ^LES). 270 260 250 240 280 220 210 200 190 180 170 180 150 140 180 120 1 = A 110 / / ^ y-- ^>... 100 y ^^ ""^ "^ ^^__ no ^ <^ X - -- ~ ^ r^ 80 ' - -yi 91 fiO N / ^^ liv Mortaliti/ Graphs, Aces . o lO U> 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 ISL 3 01 t-w \ — IGHT (M. lLES -1 )■ 190 18S1 -9U 180 r ^ 170 / f \, 160 / 1 1 N \ \ >v 150 L '1891 -00 ^x >> X 140 : V: 130 i 1 f^ 120 / 1 1 ^^ ^. ,^^ 110 /' \y \ s 100 /' •W 90 / 80 ■y Has riNC s {^ Iale s). 160 1! Sl-90 150 y y^ \ 140 / / \ 130 p^< ^/, 1891- tj" '"- A V 120 /* 1 \ V V 110 / // ^ -^ 100 ^ / \. 90 ^y 80 70 Mortality Graphs . Iv Ages 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 ISLI 1 : OF wJ 3HT (Fe — \ VIALE :s). 160 150 140 r^o I'^O 1 B81-90 no 100 / , > y\ ^ ^ /-v. 1 .<- ^<^ 90 y 7^ V y "^^ C^ T^ 80 70 y. , y > 1 89l" / ^ f \; 120 V si-rx) ^ J * 1 S \^ ^ 110 \ k ^^^ y • " ■-- "- 100 \ / / 90 80 If •Jl-OO 70 Chi ;lte NHA- ,1 (A Iale s). 140 ^ ^^ 130 / ^ \ V^" ,^N ^^ 120 / /■ 'V v^' ^ N \ 110 \ v,^ / / • ^ • ' 100 •^ >^.^I-00 J • --' 90 \ \ y 80 1891 'oo' ^ Bai H (I ylAL DS). 180 170 /^ -^ 1R0 / "^ ■^, 150 / \ \ 140 /\ / ^ ' "^- ._ V- "^ 180 18S1- 30_y V / \ \ \ 1^0 y /^^ / .> \ 110 ^ / • 100 X* - » ^^ - / l-OO 90 80 70 60 Mortalitij Graphs. Ivii Ages ,5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 1 1 1 Bbi 3HTC ►N ( FemI/ ILES'). 160 150 IdO " 130 IW ^ <- ^-. ■^ 110 \ / / / V ^-. .. 100 s / / \ 90 \ V ■> / ? 80 \ / / 70 \ / / 60 ' 189: s _ , -00 • / Che LTE] s^HA^ r(F 3MAI ES). 130 120 110 100 90 *N V ^^ ^> c; \ \ .188: -90 /" ^ r -^-^ ' \ \ \ J — y • • RO N \ I / / y '' 70 \ V J • 60 \ \ _ y 18 1-00 Bai H(I ^'emji LES 160 150 110 130 ^^ V — 120 110 ,<^ ■^ ^'n '\ / / • < • ^\ ' " ' -\ 100 --^ 18S1- JO / X 90 N \ \ / / 80 \ V / 1 / 70 \ ^ \ s *^ / 60 1891- J^v. Iviii Mortality Graphs. Ac.r.s J 10 15 20 lo 30 35 40 \i> iJO 55 CO G5 70 YORl 1 SHll 1 RUK :rs i,RSi6itk) (M LKS ) 130 1-"»0 ,^ -^ SSl-9( 110 ^ ^ \ L ■ . — _ 100 / • * \ -^ - "~~ 90 "** ^ ../ - "^^ r 169 -OiT ' ^^ Deni SIGH ASI Fl [NT (Ru UL Res DUE ) {M ALE 150 V 140 1881- )0^ » — . 180 / \ ' '- ' _ ->s 120 / - ^ \ v 1 / y \ 110 .^ V V r-«-=^ ^ 100 ;> y 1891 H 90 Nor: 'OLt ANI p Si FFO .K ( ^UR. ^L F ESII >ue) (M: LEs) 19,0 -laSl 110 90 100 V \^ 90 /' " -^^ '^ ■ .5.^ cj 80 > • * r ~ ... - ^ 70 N • CORJ WAI L (I i\5-B.A L B Esir UE) (M.^ LES . 140 .1881- 1'^ qn 130 120 y \ h ■ ---^^ 110 ' \ \ \_^ . r T "^^ "^^ .^ 100 _ . .--' . _ /■ ^ r'".. -*>.. * f 90 '^'I r ^ -91-00 .-' Mortality Graphs. lix AGES 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 YoRvSHiJkE (JRukJ\L ^KSipUE 130 Ix MortaJify Gra2)hs. AOF.> Not ) 10 1 ■) -20 -2 1 ") Ll n ") -1 ^ 1 ^ 5 55 GO f.5 7 TINC HAM (MJALE^ ). 170 160 V rr^ ^N ^^ - loO \ / V* ^ 140 V ^ / \ i;}0 \ // 120 V .^ i/ / 1 1S9J-U0 imits 1 1 continitou^ line, dotted liTie. 110 \./ i^^' "••s — 1 . r 100 V POTI 'ERI 33 ( Mal ES). 190 ^^ IfiO v If ■N V 170 \ / f 1 \ 160 A ^ / \ loO \ A // / \ 140 \ / 130 \ L 1/ 120 \ / 1 i01-0 Pott ERII (P jS V X*5- rr::- ^/ 190 EMA jES) 180 \ 170 \ IfiO \ L ^ ^^ k»,. 150 \ '/ ■^ 140 \ 130 \ if 120 \ / I ■s!)l-Of Sew Old limit imits eonti dotted tmnux line. line. . 110 / 100 V; *^"* i/ ChE! 210 ;ter (F. :mal ES). •^_..« ^ 900 190 180 CitM 1891- 00 170 /^ A 1R0 /" > \ 150 y f /* «• ' "" * ^ \ 140 / /e, tire I istric V \ \ 130 / \/ /. 1891- jn N ^ 120 \ N / f 110 N A y '/ 100 \ '^ r' - *v V_ 7, ' 90 V — ~/ Ixii Mortality Graphs Ages . ', lO 15 20 '^S 30 35 40 45 50 5A 60 65 70 Ijl'iH '0L> ,^i ILES). " ' 140 130 \ y / IW Entire Ow ) J 'rict, *» ''■'•■ •..- ^ ■** 110 ' >^\ ■■ " t \^*N 1891 ,^ -^ 100 ^ V ^ s, / / 90 V. ^^ ^^ ~J F.vJ PER (M\ fjRS) — — CT«!/. 1891- w IGO loO ^ ,/' — '.._ .-^ t:?^ A 140 Entir ■ Distr ■iet. V 91-00 ■y ^..\ ^ 130 \ ^ ' "* . / / v^\ 120 \- ^ _y ^ 110 \ / City, l391-( 100 V 90 CpF- VE MaI ,KSV 130 ,-- — - *^ 120 . V ^^ s, / 110 V • / . / 100 \i \ 1 „r^ ^ 90 \Kr 1 — HH xtire Districi , 1S91 ^00 / / SO * * ^ :/ 70 \ r- -^ 60 \ ./ Vr, um, 1 891 -OC Rue BY (Ma LES) 140 130 ^ A 120 / \ / 110 Tow n, ]«£ 1 W / ^.. \ / 100 / \ / ^.'' *, A- J • 90 -^ -V ^~ ,.- -••. V. -<, / ...' 80 '' — - — -■"fc ntire J Oistru ct, 189 * -00 Mortality Graphs. Ixiii AGES b 10 15 '20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 7U Lincoln (bp 140 Ixiv Crapli Ulnstrat'uKj Appendix A. 10-15 15- 20- '25- 30- 35- 40- 45- 50- 55- 60- 65- 70- Mal 3S : ] ^NDIh a Ac ES (( JOURF CTED Fioi rREs) 1 — 9") UX)1— » l^'.n^ "•n. ^, • '10 -^ ■ -^ •^>\^^ \ ">v z"^'^. r^^: N ,» f-y^^ 85 \^ \ ^^ "^c^""""^ -^ SO V .^ . ^ s. V \^.. 70 "K- Fem. ILES : Ene ING . \ges (Cor :iECTI :d F^ GURE s). / "^* ..^ 95 1*M^»' • 1 p91 ~-, 90 /^ -^tv^ 1 f./ Xx *^^^ ^ 85 "s- ^* -^' -,.- r"^"*^* ;;-.^ "^ •— ^ ^^r^ ^\ 80 \'x« . 75 \ ^^ ^ 70 Diagram showing the number counted at the age stated, per cent, iipon the numhcr counted at five years younger ; hut the counted figures are taken as corrected. ENGLAND'S REGENT PROGRESS. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE STATISTICS OF MIGRATIONS, MORTALITY, Etc., IN THE TWENTY YEARS FROM 1881 TO 1901, AS INDICATING TENDENCIES TOWARDS THE GROWTH OR DECAY OF PARTICULAR COMMUNITIES AND OP THE RURAL PORTIONS OF ENGLAND AND WALES. I AM persuaded that a vast majority of educated Englishmen take a real and patriotic interest in the state of the nation. I am quite conscious that the ideas of Professors of Political Economy are far from being such reliable guides for public opinion upon this subject as they are sometimes thought to be. Adam Smith himself expounded in his " Theory of Moral Sentiments " many things which affect human action in a manner for which his " W^ealth of Nations " would not account. But though individual men, their powers and motives, count for so much, yet we cannot rightly appreciate what they are doing and with what kind of facts they have to contend, without reference to statistics showing how our affairs are shaping themselves nationally and locally, and what in existing circumstances are normal or abnormal phenomena. The information contained in this book is founded on the official Tables published by the Census Commissioners and the Registrar-General. The figures which their publications supply are like stones in the qiiarry, of little use unless they are dug out, shaped and built up in an inteUigent manner. The official mind prepares itself to supply anticipated demands, but does not endeavour (save in one or two ways) to methodize its results, nor to expose the crudities of statistics in their first or undigested state. Let us do what we may to accomplish something in that direction, aiming at what is easily practicable, costing only well-directed laboiu', and hoping that by placing many questions in new hghts assistance will be given to future investigators, and Government Departments will bo informed as to what additional tabulations of facts are desirable. To some extent my task must be that of correcting or upsetting 2 Kin/Iand's .h'rcciit Progrcas. recciveil notions as well as that of rcndorinj^ more exact our knowlcdgo of true standards. The vahio attacliing to the work must depend on the importance or otherwise of reaping tlie full henefib of our national outlay ou the decennial Censuses and the annual Keports of the Ecgistrar- Gonoral. The actual processes of internal migration and of emigration heyond our frontiei-s reflect the progress or want of progress of particular com- munities. In investigating migrations, light is incidentally thrown on questions of comparative mortality, and on birth and marriage rates, all having a direct influence on the growth of population. When it is seen that in the last two decennial periods for which we have data there was a large measure of stabiUty in the conditions generally prevaiUng, we shall have some reason to conclude that it is in our power to make forecasts sufficiently close to be of value in relation to such problems as that of the necessary provision for water supply. I will illustrate what I mean by stability by referring to the following features of our statistics. We find universally a loss of rural population at ages 15-25, which influences the numbers who at the end of a decennium are aged 15-35. We find in the principal colliery districts gains of young men and of women somewhat older ; boys, in fact, for the pits and brides for the older men. But the high birth rates influence the increase of population there more powerfully than any migrations. In districts working in cotton and wool there is a tendency to lose male inhabitants and to attract girls ; the birth rates here are specially low. Of industrial districts, some are adjacent to colliery districts and show ver}^ similar peculiarities ; the others are not reducible to any general rule. Eesidential districts generally lose young men ; they all attract young women, and both sexes after 35. Old towns generally lose young men and attract a few very young girls ; women a little older tend to leave them. They commonly show moderate gains of both sexes after 50. Owing to the form in which the official statistics on which I have to base my calculations have been tabulated, I am obliged to deal in nearly every case with a registration district or a group of such districts. As the boundaries of some of these districts have from time to time been altered, it becomes necessary to settle the date at w^hich the boundaries shall be regarded as being fixed, making corrections of the figures in respect of changes effected before or since such date. The period to be treated of extends from 1881 to 1901, and I have found it least incon- venient to adopt the middle year, shaping the whole body of facts on the footing of the boundaries existing at the time of the Census of 1891. For reasons w^hich will hereinafter more fully appear, I have attributed wide areas to most of the large towns. The chief objection to this course would seem to be, that the rural parishes comprehended within such wide areas usually resemble other rural districts in being unable to retain the whole of their native population, so that through the inclusion of such parishes the rate of increase of population in large towns teads to be somewhat understated. On the other hand, many changes in local boundaries are merged, and thus got rid of without the need of estimates England's Recent Progress . 3 by massing districts near largo towns between which transfers have taken place. The main purposes I have in view are — (1) To study the progress or want of progress of towns and districts of different classes, as shown by the balance of migrations at different ages, and also to some extent by the birth and marriage rates, the proportions of enumerated population found to be in the married state, &c. ; and (2) To consider the comparative mortahty at different periods of life, the effect of migrations thereon, the disturbing influences which often lessen the value of the recorded facts, and the extent to which the death rates have in recent times been lowered. I have therefore looked at the subject without reference to the rivalries of particular towns, and must be understood to admit that in the absence of scientific boundaries comparisons of one place with another can seldom be altogether just. The common practice of marshalling population statistics under counties, whether administrative or registration counties, is found on close examination to be misleading. The elements of which county populations are composed are often discordant, so that the items included in the totals representing the phenomena counteract each other, and the average result is not illuminating. And where important centres, such as Liverpool or Birmingham, send their ramifications into two or more counties, the importance of an appropriate grouping of county areas, if average results of any value are to be attained, is specially evident. The separation of those districts which have marked characteristics of their own from the mass enables us to group as mainly rural a great many registration districts, the separate study of whose statistics would weary and confuse the reader ; by this method everything of real importance is brought into view, and the rural areas, it will be seen, form a fairly uniform background to the picture. The increase of population during the twenty years under review was as shown below : — Males. Females. Population, 1881 .... 12,639,902 13 334 537 Births, 1881-1890 .... 4,526,729 4,363,'509 17,166,681 17,698,046 Less Deaths, 1881-1890 . . . 2,698,316 2,546,455 14,468,315 15,151,591 Result of Migrations . . (loss) 415,414 (loss) 201,967 Population, 1891 .... 14,052,901 14,949,624 Births, 1891-1900 .... 4,657,871 4,497,282 18,710,772 19,446,906 Less Deaths, 1891-1900 . . . 2,865,226 2,710,149 15,845,546 16,736,757 Result of Migrations . , (loss) 116,933 (gain) 62,473 Population, 1901 .... 15,728,613 16,799,230 B 2 4 England's Beccnt Progress. It will bo noticed that tho niigiations of the two sexes are strikingly dissimilar: this fact makes it the more necessary to separate the sexes in all the details of our work. It is fortunate that we are in a position to study the migrations and mortality of the sexes separately. In doing so we may in a great meaMu-e assm-e ourselves of the rclialiility of our results, as we shall do if we feel that the ditVerences which appear as between the movements of the sexes are in general agreeable to probability. I now proceed to re-state tho above facts under ages in a tabular form (see page 5), so as to show at what periods of life gains or losses are experienced as the net result of the many currents of emigration and innnigration. In preparing these figures it was necessary to re-class the deaths, returned under the age at death, so as to attribute a due proportion of the death-loss to each line of the Table, which comprehends persons born in a succession of quinquennial periods. The arithmetical process is shown in Appendix A, which also includes a statement as to transfers of some of those returned at the Censuses under particular quinquennial ages, to the age next in order above or below that returned. These modifications are arbitrary, and subject to revision, but they are judged expedient in view^ of the tendency towards round numbers which affects many returns, and that other tendency to mis-state age, which is not absolutely confined to the gentler sex. Boys as well as girls add to their ages in order the sooner to attain the full wage of grown-up people. Old men as well as old women add something to their ages, after reaching 60 or 65. Between 25 and 40 women very naturally tend to understate their years. Whilst I claim that in these processes of correction, which run through the whole of my work, I have intentionally erred on the side of moderation, I also draw" attention to the fact that in the re-classification of deaths any imaginable inaccm-acy would necessarily be of small importance, as ailecting the balance of migrations at particular ages. This will readily be seen upon examination of the Tables in Appendix C* And as to the con-ections of ages, the best confirmation they can have lies in the resulting regular gradation of losses and gains by migi'ations at successive ages, which will better appear when we proceed to classify the chief towns, industrial and other places under a few categories. It will be remarked that the births and deaths introduced into the calculation are those recorded in the two periods of ten years ending 31st December, 1890, and 31st December, 1900, whilst the Censuses were taken in each case near the end of the March following. The difference between the figures thus taken as representing the births and deaths and those for equal periods of time ending about three months later is known in the aggregate and is not great, and the official returns do not favour the ascertainment of the more exact figures for the several localities. What is of greater importance is the question, whether many bii'ths escape registration ? and from the most general considerations, after giving effect * It must be borne in mind that at the ages most affected by migrations the numbers dying are comparatively small. Any mistake in ccmputing these numbers by apportionment is therefore of little consequence, since very often the assumed deaths might be increased or diminished by as much as one-third, without seriously altering the computed loss or gain by migrations. The reader will rarely find that the utmost alteration which could reasonably be imagined wtuld sensilily affect the conclusions to be drawn as to the general trend and dimensions of the current of migration. England's Recent Progress. CO o; o CO CO ip o e ■ IM — . '-' 1— < G^; SJ =» to -^ o to 03 rtl "7^ o ■3-3 Br4 ^ "^ C3 ^ o> I* to o CO CI *^ 03 ^ •♦ o to Ol (N ■f ■-<" '^- ~' ■* '^ c^ C-l 0-4 -"»< B m ^ CO (M to °S '3 iH ■* ?CI O n^r rt lO in s t« fH 00 -M 00 o ^ ^ ^:|" 2 M tH o 00 H^ O o\ (M (N o -* IM Ol 00 00 00 ,^ ^ ^ to O T-i to o '^ C-J CI r^ JS. Ol .^ ,_, o fi,5 CI '"' *~* 1-\ •^ ■"* ■* oi -^T''^ IM 00 uO «o o o ^ to o o ■^ ."^ "^ ■"2' iJ-Sc^ 00 o CO CO o CO 00 lO e-i "*„ G5 to *-• t^ ^a.£g Pi iH »H ^ f-1 s ft ■ -«•« 3 cS 0-3 0^ — p O lO o ■o o lO o lO o o uo o lO o in 5f c 33 1 o ^ 1 T 11 A Y 1 1 A ctig Q 1-t I-( -^ to -• ^ ° o 1 O * !0 CO oT CO CO g cS H 1 ■^ CO eo lO I-H Ol 'd' to to ■^ tl e^ Hi 05 CO to Oi w u-i* C5 o o •* 00 05 ^ 00 ly) 00 uo "T-T "^ ^ aiale opula- tion, 18S1. >o i-( to to ■^ ■"i to 'C t^ OD CO ■* lO to to to t^ to . t^ 00 00 6 EiighiinVs licccnt Pn>(/rrss. to the piolKilnlity that many more l']nj;lish children l)orn in the Colonies ami India are hroujjtht home now than was tlio case in 1891, I am led to conjectnro that the apparent gain of children in 1891-1900 is, to a small extent only, due to uou-registration of births. This, if it is so, might in some measure be caused by the craze of the anti-vaccinators, who naturally dislike being subjected to pressure by.the authorities to compel them to vaccinate their cliildren within a moderate time after the registration of birth. The decline in the ratio of l)irths would thus in a small measure be over-stated. Whether the ligures relating to migrations of population under 15 yeai-s of age ""' and over Go years be trustworthy or not is a small matter compared with the substantial reliability of tlie ligures between 15 and G5, which I think may safely be assumed. The Distkicts and Groups Tabulated. After mature consideration, I have decided to show the statistics of 136 districts and groups of districts, and to group the remainder into twenty-four masses, as will be hereinafter shown. The special sub-divisions consist of : — ■ 10 Lai'ge towns. 19 Old towns of less magnitude. 22 Towns and districts much engaged in textile manufactures. 9 Colliery districts. 25 Industrial districts, ports, &c. 32 Eesidential districts. 16 Places influenced by military or naval establishments. 3 Other places not easy to classify. 136 Tables exhibiting the collective losses and gains in these eight categories are given in Appendix B, where I also show similar information for sub- classes, viz. : — 7 Industrial districts attracting women, where apparently the bachelors have to go some distance in search of wives. 6 Industrial districts which are less attractive, and which, like the first seven, are non-residential. 12 Industrial districts of less forl)idding character. 25 4 Old towns containing military and naval estabhshments. 12 Less important places containing camps, barracks, &c. 16 * This question is touched upon again. See pages 29-35. EnfjUuKV^ Recent Progress. 7 7 Eesidential places containg lunatic asylums. 9 Ditto, including Brighton, Blackpool, Bath, &c., where the rates of mortality are somewhat high. 3 Ditto, where it is conceived many male invalids resort, causing the mortality of the sexes to be singularly unequal. 13 Other residential places. 32 The proportions of losses and gains in the several groups are also shown in the Appendix, with graphic diagrams for the larger divisions, such as the colliery districts, the seats of textile and other manufac- tures, &c. A set of Tables in Appendix B gives the facts for the twenty- four rural residues, collected into five groups, viz., six in the south and south-east, of a more or less residential character, three in the south-west, and three in the east, of more purely rural nature, six comprehending Wales and the Welsh border, and six in the Midlands and North, these last being affected in some measure by manufactures and mining. The following Table shows the most salient facts as to migrations in the sub-divisions, including those last described : — Gains or Losses iu 18S1-91. Gains or Losses in 1801-1900. MALES. 15-20. 20-35. 35-50. 50 ^nd upwards. 15-20. 20-35. 35-.50. 50 and up- wards. 10 Large towns . 3,908 GO, 723 4,923 7,590 194 101,942 22,563 3,442 I'J Old towns . . . 2,Il6 18,413 2,540 2,114 1,393 14,577 2,120 5,979 22 Towns (textile) . 2,194 12,933 2,032 2,968 1,575 26,717 6,354 2,104 9 Colliery districts. 13,617 3G,260 5,423 770 11,442 22,037 615 69 7 Industrial \ (Middlesbro',&c.)/ 987 2,38G 283 880 712 1,943 925 186 G Industrial (Wol-) verhampton, &c.) j 3,798 14,009 7.425 3,048 3.550 13,011 4,593 3,589 12 Industrial (South- 1 ampton, &c.) . / 601 13,563 2,598 228 193 1,557 4,777 2,707 7 Residential (Ux-i bridge, &c.) . / 9 4,534 1,808 2,078 1,155 163 4,817 3,984 9 Residential 1 (Brighton, &c.) / 509 8,764 1,735 4,846 318 2,433 6,765 7,616 •3 Residential j (Bournemouth, > &c.) .... 1 13 Residential (Tor- 1 quay, &c.) . ,/ 183 983 1,.398 1,489 681 1,696 1,-392 2,013 1,294 12,419 1,1G7 1,874 145 10,102 4,595 4,501 4 Military towns . 5,8G3 5, GIG 568 943 7,507 8,975 697 1,621 12 Other Military^ places . . ./ 5,278 1,921 5,141 633 12,850 5,960 808 1 , 808 3 Other places . 3G 1,104 453 433 407 1,670 648 720 G Rural (residential) 18,877 77,845 4,638 5,792 18,186 77,436 3,064 2,616 3 „ (South-West) 7,486 35,615 2,889 2,550 7,062 30,717 1,893 639 3 „ (East) . . 13,508 55,776 6,389 5,047 12,383 52,832 3,530 3,065 G „ (Welsh) ",756 51,881 10,595 4,442 7,462 34,509 465 891 G „ (North). . 11,444 53,574 256,383 10,714 5,886 8,561 48,869 7,774 21,819 3,457 39,332 48,751 24,517 26,318 175,106 19,929 The figures in heavy type represent losses by migrations. ElK/huKV.'i Ix'ccoit P>'Of/rCS.«ix- 91. Uaiiis or Losses in 1891-1900. KF.MALES. 50 15-20 20-35 3.5-50 ."".O ami upwards. 15-20 20-35 35-50 ami up- wards. 10 Large towns . 53,119 133,946 57.650 5.966 55.937 190,155 41,114 2,723 19 Old towns . . 2,122 7,518 3-993 ■J. 185 2,962 3.014 737 4.189 22 Towns (textile) . 13,885 10,174 10.192 3,820 10,296 3,406 12,767 5.3" 9 Colliery districts. 7>3i2 19,478 1.665 367 4.759 24,308 3,852 3,560 7 Industrial \ (Middlesbro',&c.)/ 2.680 1.4.39 654 307 2,508 2,614 1,762 192 G Industrial (Wol- 1 verhamptou, &c.) I 6.436 11.838 5.731 3.738 5.382 10,809 4,427 4,108 12 Industrial (South- \ ampton, &c). . j 1-387 3 809 1.925 433 268 2.914 1,464 939 7 Residential (Ux-ij .,„ bridge, &c.) . j 1 ^^^ 920 1,034 1,987 1,592 5,396 3,971 4,328 9 Residential ) (Brighton, &c.) / 9,073 7,396 814 5.141 9,536 12,280 3,158 6,848 3 Residential j (Bournemouth, } &c.) ... .1 13 Residential (Tor-i quay, &c.) . . J 2,462 5,026 1,697 2,038 2,502 3,112 683 1,936 2,702 471 581 2,182 4,565 3,630 2,995 4,281 4 Military towns . 950 5.420 365 2,037 756 9,528 975 1.976 12 Other Military ^ places . . .( ^"^57 408 1,602 281 862 4,902 868 1,259 3 Other places . 478 175 232 338 229 257 527 597 6 Rural (residential) 28.500 44.086 7.351 7.801 26.157 39.734 5003 6.290 3 „ (South- West) 8.382 20,478 4 765 3.798 8.120 18.698 4 . 428 3 . 008 3 „ (East) . . 21,112 39,737 7-549 7.837 18.434 34.705 5-077 5-735 6 „ (Welsh) . II. 371 32,605 10.082 5.483 8,232 23.908 5.165 3.339 6 „ (North). . 14.538 34.112 12.307 8.982 II. 510 28,838 8,572 4.971 18.592 10,146 116,105 31,659 3,409 102,796 67,035 5-380 The figures in heavy type represent losses by migrations. The above Table seems to me to be in a high degree interesting. It illustrates very clearly the differences in local movements of population, the dissimilarity (already alluded to) of the movements of the two sexes, and yet the constancy in many respects of the results in the two decennial periods. The largest gains of the great cities were experienced at identical ages, but in the second decennium the effect of increased alien immigration at the higher ages is noticeable. The considerable emigration of women aged 35 and upwards from such towns in both periods may partly be due to marriages with persons at a distance, but also may partly arise from a tendency of some, out of the large numbers who arrive, to return after a few years to their native places with their savings. The seats of textile manufactures attracted few young people in the first period and still fewer in the second, and those mostly young women. The mining districts gained more largely ; they added fewer men and a greater number of women in the second decennium. The other districts which attracted men (but at dissimilar ages) were the residential and military places, and those of the industrial districts (seven in number), which are treated apart because of their apparent England',1 Eecent Progress. 9 tendency to attract women as wives (resembling in that respect the mining districts), and whicli, hke the mining districts, showed in both periods a loss of girls under 20. Southampton and some other places in the industrial list have gained ground, after experiencing losses in the first decennium. The old towns of medium size attracted a few young women, probably as domestics, and they also attracted old people in moderate but increasing numbers. This may have been partly due to the residential attractions which some of them possess ; but the existence of county asylums for lunatics in such towns involves in many cases the transference to them of a considerable number of aged men and w^omen from the rural districts. The military places showed a large accretion of men in 1891-1901, as was natural. There was a corresponding but smaller addition of women, mostly aged 20 to 35. One of the chief features of the Table is the constancy of the facts relative to rural districts. They lost a smaller number of people over 35 years of age in the second decennium than in the first, especially from the Welsh rural districts. At the age 15 to 20 more girls than boys seem to leave their rural homes ; but at higher ages the case is reversed. Eesidential places, and those military districts which contain a rural element, fail to retain the whole of their young men. The same places, except the military districts in the first decennium, required the services of many young women from outside their bounds, who must not be confounded with visitors, since at the date of the Census but few pleasure seekers can have arrived. Those men and women, aged 35 and upwards, who go to reside in watering-places and are counted in March, must in general be invalids, especially the men. In the matter of migrations, the points of resemblance between the sexes are chiefly as under : — - Large towns : Largest gains at age 20-30. Old towns : Immigration at age 50 and upwards. Colliery districts : Largest gains at 20-35. Eesidential districts : Large gains after 45. Eural districts : Heavy losses at each age up to 35. The points of dissimilarity include the following : — - Large towns : Considerable immigration of females at age 15-20 and heavy loss at 35-50. Old towns : Gain of females at 15-20 ; loss of males at 20-30. Textile manufacturing towns : Immigration of females at 15-25 loss of women aged 40 and upwards. Colliery districts : Gain of boys and loss of girls aged 15-20. Eesidential districts : Loss of males and gain of females aged 15-25. Military districts : Gain of males aged 15-25 and of females aged 25-35. Industrial districts : Smaller gain or larger loss of males than of females aged 25-35. Eural districts : Loss of females larger than that of males at age 15-20 and after 35 ; larger loss of males at 20-35. 10 KnfflancVs; Tfrrnif Pro(/rc>ifi. Tho clmracteristics emiaioraUHl seoin luunorous and constant enough to enable lis to say that the classes grouped have each a distinctive physiognomy. Keference has already been made to the effect of the inclusion of rural parishes with towns in qualifying the results arrived at. If purely rural areas could have been excluded, the salient features of the Table would have been even more striking. Not only the residential places but most of the "12 other military places" must lose many of their young people in the same manner as the " rural residues " do. It may be noted that the four " military towns " contained 27,751 soldiers and sailors on duty in 1891, 33,400 in 1901 : the twelve " other military places " contained 25,770 of such soldiers and sailors in 1891, and 40,500 in 1901. Very many of those counted in 1891 may have departed before the next Census was taken, and would naturally be replaced by men about ten years younger. Migrations in Twenty Years. The total losses and gains in twenty years are shown for the main classes of districts in Appendix D. It will be seen that at the period of life when migrations are most frequent, gains of men were experienced in the largest towns, the colliery districts and the military places. The same places gained female inhabitants, as also did the residential districts and the seats of textile manufactures. The compendious Tables opposite give the measure of these changes, and they also reveal losses in the rural parts approximating to 40 per cent, of the male, and 30 per cent, of the female population, as between ages 5-15 and 25-35. As at age 15-20 the exodus from uuprogressive districts has already commenced, it is not to be wondered at that rural losses in twenty years starting from that age are less than those reckoned for rural populations, the commencing ages of which range between 5 and 15, when only a few have departed. Hypothetical Eatios (Males). If we calculate what the gain or loss by migrations between ages 5-10 and 35-40 would have been, supposing the conditions prevailing in 1881-90 had been maintained during another twenty years, we find the rural residues would have lost from 60-3 down to 39-7 per cent, of their inhabitants in 22 out of 24 cases, the exceptions being Lancashire and Cheshire and the Leicester group, where smaller losses occurred. Similarly calculating on the basis of the experience of 1891-1900, we find the losses range from 54 • 8 down to 28-3 per cent, in 22 cases, the exceptions being Leicester and Carnarvon. In 1881-90 onw^ards the losses so computed in IG out of 136 cases of single districts or groups exceeded 40 per cent., and in 1891-1900 onwards only seven districts lost so much. It is apparent, then, that however difficult it may liave been to maintain the populations of the less prosperous districts in 1891-1901, things were worse in 1881-1891. England's Beccnt Progress. 11 tHiNVOOO m POO^PO I 00 -*t-'^COC lo ^ (M 05 lo o CO CO i-H .-( CO Ot-L-vOlOO-^ MO tH >0 CO 00 lOO ^- t^'-O CO 00 CO r^u^oo o 'i — J^ (yimCTiCn(M'*COCOC^C2iOCO COCOCOCOOlCOt-OO -* T-l iH CO CO >n t- CO f^f^io O t- i-l t~ t- »0 t^VO TtH N CI OOt-O COmOIO rHt-1-ICOt-COOOL— t- CM t- O L~ C-l O CO CO COi-l'^liOt-OOlCDO iOiOOcOcOCOt-i-l(M ^ CO ^ CO CT CD t- t~ ■* T-l T-l CO (32 CO O 'TVD 1-1 vO fO N COC0(M OmO'^O^i-i*0 Oc;2i-IC2t:~tD^>OiO COOOt-OOOtO'-H t-OQO-*ocoocoa3 C2OC0t^CCC2i-l>-IC-1 C2O'*-*^O00'H Tji rH .-( r-l -^ OOcOODC^vO OGO woo 00C2, » -r- •T3 o •^17: Q ii ^ ' o) a; ,^ r;:3 cs o -ji: o a -^ "^i i-IoP^HmOPh uq o 1-J KnijJiUuTfi Ucccnf Pnujns lx>S3 IIS ill 1801-00. Loss as ill - 1881-90. 1881-90. ISOl-OO. Penzance .... 62-0 34-2 Lynn 45-8 * Rugby. . . 58-0 * IMacclessfield 44-7 33-7 Whitehaven . 55-3 55-9 Salisbury 42-7 2-4 Helston . 54-5 50-7 Deal . . . 42-2 5-9 Falmouth 51-2 64-8 lihvl . . . 41-3 * Cheltenham . 50-5 24-0 Stafford . . 41-0 19-5 Yarmouth 49-8 8-7 Saddleworth 21-6 45-2 Easthampstead 49-4 * Hedi-uth . 34-G 49-7 Heme Bav 47-2 20-1 Cockermoiith * 51-4 Kiddenuinstei- 4G-1 42-4 Brentwood . * 33-7 Single districts which on the experience of 1881-1891 stood on a like computation to gain 40 per cent, or more were 12 in number; similar cases ten years later numbered 19, as shown below : — Gain as in Gain as in 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-On. Bournemouth ... 344-9 10-4 St. Germans 10-3 118-2 Tilbury . . 183-8 9-6 Wepnouth . * 106-5 Burnley . 82-4 9-G Llandudno . 34-7 105-8 Kettering . , 78-1 37-G Southampton * 98-9 Farnham . ' 71-9 41-5 Sheeruess * 84-9 Glamorgan ' 66-3 17-0 Godstone * 80-5 Colchester 62-0 * Nuneaton * 80-1 Swindon . 61-5 17-2 Rugby . . * 77-6 Eastbourne 58-8 * Folkestone . 12-3 73-9 Morecambe 53-3 59-9 Easthampstead * 65-7 Poole . . 1 52-4 * Watford . 4-9 53-8 Blackpool . 44-1 276-5 Doncaster . 6-0 53-6 Southend . * 210-2 Chatham 28-5 46-5 Harrogate * 172-1 Aldershot (Xorth) * 44-4 The most cursory inspection of this Table shows how irregular, in many cases, are the gains by migration, and how necessary it is to have a quinquennial Census, including at all events the elements of age and civil condition, if we are to have any confidence in ratios derived from our annual statistics of births, deaths, and marriages, as evidence of local progress or retrogression. Migrations into and from Individual Towns and Districts. The preceding observations serve to introduce to the reader's notice the 136 places which I have thought it advisable to distinguish, and the 24 rural groups of districts which constitute the residue of the country. The substance of this volume is contained in Appendix C, in which some account is given of the composition of each district, and the losses and gains, at the several ages, of male and female inhabitants are shown. It is one of the features of statistics relatini^ to administrative areas England's Recent Progress. 13 that as these areas are often of a mixed character the statistical results arrived at are also mixed. A border district like Uxbridge, into which metropolitan expansion has made an inroad, is really a combination of an agricultural community with a suburb. A district like Rugby or Crewe constitutes a similar compound of an engineering town with a rural environment. A small residential place like Cromer or Clacton may be practically swallowed up by the inclusion of a wide agricultural area.* As the tendency of English towns since 1851 has been to spread their inhabitants over wider areas than before, I have decided, as a rule, to give every place an ample boundary. This is the more necessary, as there is a tendency for whole families to migrate from the centre to the circumference of any great city, in consequence of which the statistics of the whole organisation cannot be regarded as complete unless the parishes receiving such migrating families are within the boundary chosen. It is found that districts merely on the fringe of a large town are affected both by the usual loss of population resulting from the inability of our rural districts to retain those born within their bounds, and by the influx of families as just mentioned, coming from the central town. In excluding Uxbridge, Staines and Watford, Guildford, Eeigate and Brentwood, from the area of the Metropolis, I think I have erred a little on the side of restriction, f In some cases, as for instance in Leicester, where the limits of several registration districts were changed in 1881-1901, I have been tempted to take in larger areas than would otherwise be expedient, in order to restrict as far as may be any recourse to estimates of population, &c., although the inclusion of those districts lowers the average rates of mortality. In other cases, as at Nottingham and Worcester, I have been content to adopt somewhat narrow hmits. The balance of convenience seemed strongly against the large extensions which might have been made by taking in the registration districts into which those towns had spread. It is not very easy to explain why, in adjusting a liberal boundary for Birmingham, I laave taken in West Bromwich and have excluded Walsall. The former registration district is partly within the municipal limits of Birmingham, but it extends into Wednesbury, which is less truly a Birmingham suburb than some portions of Walsall district would be. However, I had to make a choice, and Walsall seemed to me to have a more definite individuality than West Bromwich. On the southern and eastern side it has been practicable to give Birmingham a really wide area without introducing a very considerable rural element. Manchester resembles Birmingham in being neighboured by other important places, so as to hinder the extension of its Hmits so far as might otherwise be proper. It seems to me that many families may reside in the country around Stockport whose allegiance is really due to Manchester, and I trace a certain difference l)etween the statistics of Stockport and those of other seats of the cotton manufacture, which may be caused l)y this circumstance. I doubt whether a similar remark would apply to Oldham or to Ashton-under-Lyne. Towards the west and south-west the boundary adopted gives ample scope for extensions of the city, and includes some rural and colliery districts. Liverpool, had I the task of shaping its boundary, might receive the * It is because of this fact that I have omitted to embrace in my list of separate districts, such districts as Cluttou (Somerset) and Barnstaple, which might have been added to the resjpective lists of coal mining and residential places, t See the Tables on pages 37-40. 14 l\)l(/h(ll(rs lu'CCItt rnxjimp:. addition of sonic portion of Trcscot vogist ration district, such as tlio ^Vooltons and Iluyton, but that registration district on the whole nfiore truly belongs to the group of mining and metal-working districts of which Wigan is the chief, and I have classed it accordingly. Nottingham and the StalTordshiro pottery group received extensions of boundary between 1891 and IHOl, and by way of supplementary information I have prepared Tables (see Appendix G) for the extended districts in the period 1891-1901, where it will be seen that the general features of the local migrations are considerably altered Ijy taking in the added suburbs, especially as respects the movement at age 0-15. This will not surprise anyone who examines the figures for the inner and outer parts of the Metropolis given in Appendix C. The figures as to Nottingham in Appendix C and those for the larger area in Appendix G are dependent to an unusual extent upon estimates, as the age-distribution of the population of the added area is not known, and has to be the subject of an estimate at one end or other of the period, whether we elect to include or exclude it. On a later page it is shown that however wide may be the range of rates of mortality in other places, those in the rural residues vary within comparatively narrow limits. It is thus rendered possible to form a fairly close estimate of mortality at each age in those fractions of districts which can be distinguished as rural. I have thought it ad\asable to make several estimates of this nature (also shown in Appendix G) in relation to Eugby, Crewe, Chester, Lincoln and Exeter. Similar estimates might in many other cases be useful. The data as to births and deaths in sub-districts are valuable elements of the calculation, and the returns of ages of those resident in the towns separated are indispensable. It is also necessary to make allowance for deaths in county asylums, w^iich in Exeter, Lincoln and Chester fall within the rural limits. My main object in submitting these last estimates has been to arrive at a truer knowledge of the migrations affecting the towns after which the districts are named, by eliminating rural losses, and in the three cases mentioned, getting rid of the influence of the county asylums. But incidentally we obtain a better idea of the mortality proper to these towns, and of the desirability of the publication of separate Tables as to mortality by different causes in toicns distinguishing either sex. In studying the migration statistics of individual places it will always be well to note whether the loss of young men at ages 20-25 and 25-30 appears to be heavy or light, or whether there are gains at these ages ; also whether there are losses or gains of young women at ages 15-25, and how far these are persistent in both periods.* These and like methods of comparison will bring out essential differences, as in Grimsby district. The towns show gain of Males at 20-30 = 1,163, rural parts loss = 1,023 Females at 15-25 = 1,807, „ ,, = 755 Perhaps it will be well to add that in dealing with rural residues of counties I have seen no inconvenience in the inclusion in such residues of small towns, for instance Chichester and Bury St. Edmunds. In any wide agricultural area in England such towns necessarily exist and may be regarded as part of the organization of rural society. Thus I have not thought of severing Shrewsbury or Hereford from the counties of which they are the capitals. * See Appendix C, note, p. 173-174. EngkuuVs Recent Progress. 15 Ono advantage which I claim for my grouping of districts is that of assisting tlie reader's imagination by suppressing superfluous data and giving the mind comparatively few^ facts to grasp. A multitude of rural areas are very much alike, from the point of view of this investigation. In showing tlie residues of various groups of counties, enough is done to prove such similarity, without overloading the reader with details. Smaller rural areas are likely to be less uniform in their statistics, if only because they are small enough to be influenced by accidental things. Those registration districts which are merely fractions of great towns are generally unfit to be separately considered, as containing heterogeneous elements. The age-distribution within them is sometimes peculiar. Only in London itself do we find room enough to mark out inner and outer areas, consisting of entire registration districts, for purposes of comparison. Geeatest Gains and Losses. It may interest some readers if I show what places attracted immigrants most effectively in each decennium, and where the greatest changes of fortune occurred, in the second decennium as compared with the first. I confine myself to immigrants aged 15-40 at the end of a decennium. The movement of population at ages under 15 is influenced by the attractions of schools, and of residential places for those who leave their homes for the sake of education or health, and in a less measure by industrial requirements. I deal separately, later on, with that portion of the statistics which relates to the age 0-15. The movement at ages exceeding 40 is almost confined to large towns and residential places, where such immigrants are of value as giving employment. But in a general way, accretions of population at the age of 15-40 must give a better notion of the progress of a place than could be derived from a study of the total movement, including the almost automatic effect of births and deaths. The rural districts generally exhibit a steady loss of population, though a small gain is often shown at age 70-75. This apparent phenomenon may be illusory, as I am not quite satisfied with the method I have adopted for correcting the returns of ages, but it also may be real, in which latter case it would indicate a tendency of some portion of the emigrant natives to return. The largest gains by migration of male population aged 15-40, calcu- lated as a percentage on population at the commencement of the decennium, were in 1881-90 as follows : — Males in Gain or Loss in Males in Gain or Loss in 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Blackpool 5 2 26-2 Colchester .... 11-0 •I Morecambe . 7 5 8-9 Portsmouth . 4-0 2-8 Llandudno . 4 4 14-1 Tilbury . . 14-5 2-4 Bournemouth 33 5 1-5 Swindon. 11 -9 4-2 Poole . . . 6 4 2-1 Kettering . 11-3 5-7 Eastbourne . 5 7 1-5 Burnley . 11-4 1-6 Folkestone 4 5 12- 3 Oldham . 4-0 7 Farnham . 19 5 9-2 Glamorgan group 11-4 3G Chatham . 6-8 lU-4 Coventry 4-4 •8 1(3 Enghiinrs Jxccoif Progress. Similarly, tho largest gains of female population at age 15-40 in ISSl-DO wore as under : - liiiin vv Loss in Gain or Loss ill li'iiiiik'S III 18S1-00. 1891-00. 1881-!)0. 1891-00. Boumemoiith . 43-9 16-7 Guildford .... 6-0 G-8 Eastbourne . 28-5 9-3 Worthiug 5-7 5-3 Llaududno 17-0 18-8 Tilbury . 15-8 •4 Blackpool . 15-7 28-9 Kettering 8-2 8-6 Hastings . 10-1 3-4 Swindon. 7-9 6-2 Poole . 9-4 5-6 Burnley . 13-9 5-6 Harrogate 8-5 23-7 Folkestone 6-4 10-2 Morecambe 8-3 10-5 Portsmouth 5-3 4-0 Southport (•>•() 1-7 London . 5-2 5-3 In the second decennium the largest gains were, for males, as under :- Males in Weymouth (with Port-1 land) I Sheerness St. Germans (near 1 PljTiiouth) . . .1 Folkestone (with Shorn- 1 cliffe) ( Godstone (with Cater- 1 ham) I Aldershot (North) . . Chatham Gain or Loss in 1881-90. 1891-00. 3-5 2 9 2-3 4-5 1-8 1-2 6-8 29-0 26-1 17-5 12-3 11-4 10-6 10-4 Males in Farnham (with Alder-) shot) Plymouth . Blackpool . Southend Harrogate . Llandudno Morecambe . Southampton Doncastcr . Rugby . . Nuneaton . Gain or Loss in 1881-90. 1891-00 9-2 7' 26' 21' 17' 14' 8' 12' 7' 7' 2 4 9 1 9 5 9 2 12-0 For female s, the corresponding figures were : — Gain or Loss in Females in Gain or Loss in Females in 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Godstone 2-6 10-8 Morecambe .... 8-3 10 5 Folkestone 6-4 10 2 Eastbourne . 28-5 9 3 Farnham . 1-4 9 6 Uxbridge 1 21 6 8 Blackpool . 15-7 28 9 Guildford . i 6-0 6 8 Southend 2-4 25 9 Southampton •8 8 8 Harrogate 8-5 23 7 Kettering . ! 8-2 8 6 Llandudno 17-0 18 8 Swindon 1 7-9 6 2 Bournemouth 43-9 16 7 Doncaster . 10 6 Watford . 1-8 10-8 Nuneaton . 20 9-1 It will be seen that high rates of increase by migration were very often confined to one of the two decennial periods. In both periods the residential places gained many women ; in the second decennium the mihtary places attracted many men. The places which experienced the greatest changes of fortune will England's Becent Progress. hexfc be enumerated, excluding those which, losing inhabitants in both periods, merely added to or decreased the percentage of loss. The following places gained ground as respects the immigration of males ; they include eight with military estabhshments, and six residential places : — Gain or Loss in DiHer- ence. Gain or Loss in iDiflfer- _- — ence. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Weymouth 3 5 29-0 32-5 Harrogate . 2-.S 17-9 20-4 Sheenifss . 29 26-1 29-0 Llandudno . 4-4 14-1 9-7 St. Germaius 23 17-5 19-8 Uxbridge SO 4-0 9-0 Godstone . 1-8 11-4 13-2 Clacton . 6-8 2-1 8-9 Aldershot . 1-2 10-6 11-8 Rugby 146 7-2 I 21-8 Salisbury . 10-2 •8 11-0 Southampton 35 12-5 16-0 Windsor 49 3-0 7-9 Barrow . 29 5-3 j 8-2 Folkestone. 4-5 12-3 7-8 King's Lynn 9.2 •4 9-6 So"uthend . •5 21-4 21-9 Nuneaton •4 12-0 12-4 Blackpool . 5-2 26-2 21-0 Easthampstead 124 4-5 i 16-9 The following places gained ground, as to gains of females aged 15-40, in the second decennium : — Gain or Loss in Differ- ence. Gain or Loss in Differ- 1 ence. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1 1881-90. 1891-00. Southend .... 2-4 25-9 23-5 Farnham 1-4 9-6 8-2 Harrogate 8-5 23-7 15 2 Aldershot (North) . i'5 5-1 6-6 Blackpool 15-7 28-9 13 2 Dover .... 31 3-4 6-5 Heme Bay S-2 4-9 10 1 Southampton . •8 8-8 9-6 Watford 1-8 10-8 9 Rugby .... 59 3-7 9-6 Uxbridge 2-1 6-8 8 9 Doncaster . 10 6-0 7-0 Cromer 3-6 2-9 6 5 Wellingborough 1-6 4-4 6-0 Weymouth 41 5-7 9 8 Gloucester . 32 2-5 5-7 Godstone . 2-6 10-8 8-2 Nuneaton . 20 9-1 11-1 The following were the places which were most seriously checked, so far as concerns the attraction of persons who at the date of the Census were aoed 15-40 : — Gain or Loss Gain or Loss of Males in Differ- of KenialfS in OittVr- 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Bournemouth 33-5 1-5 32-0 Kettering . 11-3 5-7 5-G Tilbury 14-5 24 16-9 Bournemouth 43-9 lG-7 27-2 Cockermouth . 3-1 II-6 14-7 Eastbourne . 28-5 9-3 19-2 Colchester .... 11-0 •I 111 Tilbury . . 15-8 •4 lfi-2 Brentwood 1-0 95 10.5 Cockermouth 1-8 99 11-7 Farnham .... 19-5 9-2 10-3 Burnley . 13-9 5-6 8-3 Burnley .... 11-4 IG 9-8 Glossop . 2-9 40 6-9 Poole 6-4 21 8-5 Hastings 10-1 3-4 6-7 Glamorgan colliory'l district . . . . / 11'4 3-G 7-8 Oldham . 5-0 •3 4-7 Southport . G-0 1-7 4-3 Swindon .... 11-9 4-2 7-7 I'oole 9-4 5-6 3-8 Eastbourne 5-7 IS 7.2 18 England's Bcccnt Prof/ress. In Appendix D 1 havo tahiilatod the 136 districts, showing their gains and losses of males and females at ages 0-15, 15-40, and 40 upwards in each deceuuium. The classes have been sul)-divided in some cases, thus — ■ Mi'.' •ation of Males, Migration of Fema'es, 1891-00. 1891-00. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and up- 0-15. 15-40. 40 and up- wards. wards. Textile towns : the more prosperous . 4,414 11.296 I -154 4.812 16,827 6,177 the rest 4-639 20.527 3-773 4-073 7-179 7-847 Industrial towns : the more prosperous 9,618 12,626 5,994 9.115 11,164 3,819 the rest . 5-687 27,741 5,736 6.619 24,525 8,075 Old towns : the more prosperous 2.7lL> 3 592 5,388 2,648 4,038 3,476 the rest .... 835 11-793 2,126 429 4,635 521 Residental : the more prosperous 12,945 20.130 16,205 12,-387 33,545 17,314 those attracting children) and old men . . / 12.235 16.650 10,636 10,541 13,666 7,595 the others 747 9.960 2,191 286 1,792 485 Summaries of Local Migrations. Having now passed in review the cases where migrations materially increased or diminished natural increase, we maj' usefully consider which are the places in each category in which the characteristics mentioned on pages 8 and 9 are not met A\dth. In 55 out of 160 cases there is a material deviation in the first or second decennium (or both) from the conditions laid down on the pages mentioned. In entering upon this investigation our object will be to facilitate the consideration of the question whether the exceptions are such as to weaken the authority of the apparent rule in each class of cases. Large Towns. — Eight out of ten comphed with those conditions, the aggregate movement in them being as follows : — Females. Ages at end. 1881-90. ISOl-OO. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15. . 15-20. . 20-30. . 30-35. . 35-50. . 50 and ^ upwards . / Totals . 912 4.986 58.381 7.915 3-358 7-535 ! 19.981 1 1.219 ' 77.276 ; 28.712 ! 21.511 2,855 11.851 49,647 136,971 1,842 i 54,304 1 S-940 22.428 51.730 174,109 14,057 39-328 2,484 59,477 151,554 136,383 220,512 The exceptions are Bristol and Nottingham, and I give the figures for eich, adding those for Nottingham as enlanjed in the second decennium. England's Recent Progress. 19 Age at end of Deceunium. Bristol. Nottingham. Nottingham as enlarged. Males. Females. Males. Females. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Males. Females. 0-15 . 15-20 . 20-30 . 30-35 . 35-50 . 50 and \ upwards J 390 926 4,071 523 386 I 1,774 943 4,283 127 520 578 426 1,726 73 1,416 2,373 137 1,713 2,451 1,362 667 919 434 2,507 152 389 590 1,179 54 1,369 470 26 136 532 9 1,707 1,746 1,389 1,229 973 111 2,314 1,756 2,081 787 867 673 95 234 439 273 742 901 127 1,294 1,895 630 767 39 5,517 2,227 1,701 4,374 4,871 1,188 663 804 1,148 1,880 It cannot be said of either place that the largest gains were at age 20-30. The figures for Bristol and enlarged Nottingham have much in common ; but it is noticeable that in the latter place the etiect of the enlargement is almost to blot out the apparent loss of children under 15, which (as in London) seems to be due to removals to the suburljs. Old Toums. — Here there are many exceptions, twelve indeed out of nineteen. The seven which conformed to the average rule gave aggregate results as under : — 0-15. 15-20. 20-30. 80-35. 35-50. 50 and upwards 1881-90. 1891-00. 1,876 2,084 9,276 1,957 409 1,731 13,871 Females. 1881-90. 1891-00, 1,277 1,477 8,912 270 2,088 3,616 3,678 817 1,733 2,341 1,814 1,446 1,794 2,891 1,536 1,983 1,412 1,049 76 2,417 3,551 I proceed to give the figures in each of the exceptional cases :- MALES. Wakefield. Chester. Lincoln. Maidstone. York. Reading. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15 . 15-20 . 20-30 . 30-35 . 35-50 . 648 13s 72 82 313 62 15 136 106 663 175 1,288 478 338 70 154 1,202 473 234 691 157 1,288 458 460 275 30 775 81 383 486 247 910 165 183 33 115 1,095 24 90 765 154 608 748 707 162 742 397 "3 no 516 232 258 81 111 542 262 205 230 109 50 and | upwards/ 125 8 SO 81 105 419 290 512 65 292 2 325 1,231 357 2,992 2,052 2,949 413 1,335 617 2,609 1,370 1,088 1,678 c 2 '20 England's Bcccnt Progress. FEMALES. Wakefield. Chester. Lincoln. Maidstone. York. Reading. 18S1-90. 1891-00. 1881-90.1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-90. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15 . 6SS 476 413 175 472 233 286 28 404 7 615 341 15-20 . 6,S.3 597 26.S 149 413 153 267 250 142 304 210 238 20-30 . 129 201 7.39 350 851 288 448 601 214 482 415 572 30-35 . 10 205 304 172 67 197 12 14 170 71 128 275 35-50 . 50 and \ upwards 1 468 149 483 214 269 332 1 7 558 355 107 268 121 35 239 59 196 243 157 167 76 217 141 489 2.016 1,253 2.443 1,001 1,876 564 831 677 1,128 726 1,616 2,183 IMALES. Northampton. Derby. Worcester. Coventry. Cambridge. King's Lynn. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15 . 636 48 308 31 237 21 108 221 4 14 281 89 15-20 . 197 189 44 273 87 113 212 34 74 89 56 11 20-30 . 434 534 680 265 780 671 074 441 707 953 522 93 30-35 . 233 175 171 1.38 291 69 3 254 814 265 137 43 35-50 . 265 201 548 2X8 103 169 115 88 132 97 204 123 50 and \ upwards/ 297 258 438 125 129 182 156 78 61 137 109 118 2,062 889 829 800 1,369 343 1,262 276 1,522 1,281 1,309 291 FEMALES. 0-15 . 975 223 6q 72 66 159 179 143 215 99 143 29 15-20 . 661 296 14 216 254 253 272 338 410 402 24 81 20-30 . 191 354 511 504 183 278 298 684 524 485 383 193 30-35 . 184 49 124 27 333 210 206 19 255 247 182 55 35-50 . 50 and "1 upwards/ 154 179 309 209 208 1 92 125 209 188 213 12 436 348 34 142 2 190 38 63 76 18 105 3 2,601 285 II 698 538 115 413 958 439 401 1.002 129 Of all these places, Coventry alone shows its largest gains of both sexes at age 20-30. Several of them fail to attract immigrants at the age 50 and upwards. Several, however, attract females at age 15-20, and six show losses of males in both periods at the age 20-30. The calculations in Appendix G indicate that in Lincoln this is wholly due to the inclusion of rural parishes, and that in Chester and Exeter the losses within the respective cities are much less than those shown above. If we make due allowance for variations in the prosperity of the several towns, it will be perceived that there is a good deal of constancy in the movements of population in most of them. Wakefield in both periods lost a remarkable number of girls at the age 15-20, and seems to be affected by tendencies similar to those which prevail in the adjacent colliery district. Towns Kith textile manufactures. — Burnley and Blackburn are the only England's Recent Progress. 21 places which do not show the phenomena defined as prevailing in these towns. The other twenty places gave the following totals : — Males. 1881-90. 0-15. . . . 15-25. . . . 25-80. . . . 30-40. . . . 40 and upwards 1^544 5,6i6 6,149 8,698 3,841 i>434 12,371 9,670 8,295 5, "6 25,848 36,886 1,966 20,032 1.680 8,854 13,057 1,593 696 15,840 2,911 9,286 13,859 10.912 The general character of the movements of population in the other two cases in somewhat similar :— Blackburn. Males. Blackbm-u. Females. Burnley. Males. Biu-nley. Females. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15. . . . 15-25. . . . 25-30. . . . 30-40. . . . 40 and upwards 886 209 20 313 22 149 1,565 820 373 380 1,261 2,487 271 44 36 326 1,705 235 297 988 3,125 3,199 1,516 1,802 2,150 1,060 360 347 564 569 3,732 4,598 1,677 2,180 2,401 1,109 2,652 930 1,250 823 784 2,989 4,011 511 11,792 2,900 14,588 6,764 Burnley, it is true, gains male inhabitants at every age, but gained fewer males than females, especially in the second decennium. The chief difference is that in neither place can we parallel the heavy loss of women compared with men, which is shown by the majority of these towns at age 40 and upwards. Industrial places. — These vary so much in character that it is not to be wondered at if eight out of twenty-five show exceptional characteristics. In the other seventeen the aggregate losses and gains were as under : — Age at end of Decennium. 0-15. 15-20. 20-25. 25-35. 35-45. 45 and upwards Males. 18S1-90. 6.518 2,385 6,168 16,848 6,533 _6,i77 44,629 1891-00. 2,316 2,160 5,915 10,227 948 1,873 18,807 Females. 7,348 9.693 7,238 5,863 4,221 5,856 40,219 223 7,867 6,798 85 1,158 4,274 19,959 England's Bcccnt Profjirfis. The exceptions wove : MALES. Kettering. Luton. WalsaH. Stal lord. 1881-90. lS!)l-0(t. 18Sl-!'0. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 15. . . 657 379 276 245 230 296 514 352 15-20. . . 339 264 239 62 6 41 246 182 20-25. . . 457 320 408 347 109 161 357 3" 25-35. . . 503 325 263 16 273 243 480 269 35-45. . . 237 197 76 214 23 95 163 55 45 and up- " wards . ^ 253 269 44 211 246 52 133 337 2,346 1,754 1,066 245 151 2 1,627 722 FEMALES. 0-15. . . 473 507 242 466 95 248 614 207 15-20. . . 248 370 237 343 186 104 236 124 20-25. . . 216 404 139 272 76 132 194 121 25-35. . . 427 553 438 320 435 209 421 309 35-45. . . 199 311 132 40 129 116 152 55 45 and up- ) wards . i" 224 316 55 12 260 131 64 45 1,787 2,461 491 733 991 522 1,681 771 Bar row. Southa mpton. Ku 5by. C'ockei mouth. MALES. 1S81-90. 1891-00. 1881-CO. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1 1881-90. 1891-0). 0-15. . . 931 604 165 1,996 112 854 600 1,199 15-20. . . 247 137 635 134 221 380 216 841 20-25. . . 653 1.163 599 938 722 126 335 1,002 25-35. . . 335 745 229 3,842 894 472 333 1,813 35-45. . . 1-350 S15 17 2,474 210 367 182 1,066 45 and up- "1 wards . J 1,193 603 439 2,220 255 181 261 1,254 3,403 49 1,172 11,604 2,414 2,128 1,927 7,175 FEMALES. 0-15. . . 822 505 20 2,434 226 456 527 1,126 15-20. . . 456 585 148 640 254 89 15 950 20-25. . . 118 439 29 908 287 9 14 961 25-35. . . 86 85 120 2,616 167 379 296 1,227 35-45. . . 566 401 i6i 1,169 107 287 279 673 45 and up- 1 wards . / 422 555 75 1,323 "3 101 131 833 2,298 2.570 513 9,090 1,154 1,143 1,232 5.770 Changes of fortune of the most striking character in Southampton, Eugby and Cockermouth leave the loss of women less than that of men everywhere save in Barrow and Walsall, and in a slight degree Stafford. England's Recent Progress. 23 The gain of young people in Southampton in the second decennium is remarkable; as respects men, it may be observed that the Southampton group contained in 1891 — but in 1901- 359 men in barracks, &c. 431 persons on board merchant vessels ; 1,994 men in barracks, &c. 1,261 persons on board merchant vessels, which facts partly account for the gains shown. There is as much constancy as could be expected in the modes of growth of particular places ; for instance, in Kettering an increased demand for female labour caused an increased influx at all ages and a correspondingly decreased immigration of males at every age save the highest. Colliery districts. — Six of these, including all the most important ones, showed gains and losses such as are referred to on pages 8 and 9, the total figures being as under : — • Age at end of Deceunium. 0-15. , . . 15-20. . . . 20-35. . . . 35-50. . . . 50 and upwards Males. 1881-90. 10,312 13,722 38,328 6,926 989 69,277 1891-00. 12,630 11,102 23,315 242 514 46,291 Females. 10,308 5,196 20,762 2,043 796 28,713 1891-00. 10,994 2,631 25,132 3,615 3,304 40,414 The exceptions, viz., Cannock, Wrexham showed the following losses and gains : — and Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Cannock. Males. Wrexham. Males. Ashby-de-la- Zouch. Males. Cannock. Females, i Wrexham. Females. Ashby-de-la- Zouch. Females. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00 . 0-15 . 15-20 . 20-85 . 35-50 . 50 and ) upwards / 274 182 727 174 104 247 10 352 40 150 85 184 453 132 83 185 193 275 HI 75 155 107 888 197 198 229 83 15 152 48 267 866 389 167 143 66 801 223 82 104 128 669 230 66 52 136 624 131 345 31 102 581 665 145 234 107 400 79 138 63 1,461 305 233 303 1,545 527 1,832 980 889 315 1,727 171 The usual heavy loss of girls aged 15-20 is seen in every case, and in all but one instance, there is a loss of males aged 20-35 in excess of the loss of females at that age, which may be recognised as indicating a declining industry, in cases like these, where male labour is required. 24 EnglanrVs Brccnt Profjres!^. }fiUtary (districts. — Of these sixteen places, includinf:; the four towns, six may be deemed exceptional in one or other of the decennial periods. The gains and losses of the remaining ten were in the aggregate as follows : — Males. Females. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1 1881-90. 1891-00. . 0-15 .... 1. 610 5.008 338 4,488 15-25 .... 21,739 34.860 1,513 4,754 25 30 . . . . ' 613 951 2,351 6,014 30-35 .... 1 6.512 6.510 696 3,488 85-50 .... 1 4.467 1,875 619 2,191 50 aud upwards . 411 2,814 2,141 3,120 3,948 37,096 1 6,420 24,055 The six places showed losses and gains as under : — Colchester. Sheerness.* St. Germans. 1 Salisbury. Windsor. Folkestone. 1881-90. 1891-00. !l881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. !l891-00. 1881-90. 1 ' 1891-00. 1881-90.11891-00. 1881-90 t 1891-00. 0-15 . 127 82 452 160 212 273 1 372 214 98 243 39 466 15-25 . 1,884 1,817 372 ,2,3.33 137 1,632 i 919 76 70 : 800 1,067 2,504 25-30 . 294 i 574 63 ; 552 70 36 529 241 59 1 93 30 311 30-35 . 406 786 387 44 33 98 211 154 453 224 282 376 3o-50 . 287 505 536 420 196 134 119 363 360 123 136 181 50 and 1 upwards) 73 110 306 192 1 52 103 255 4 105 24 389 1,685 144 1,246 2,069 169 1,853 2,047 821 918 894 664 3,475 FEMALES. 1 1 1 0-15 . ! 210 i 116 305 173 50 119 207 187 !■; 94 110 442 15-25 . 607 1 384 507 285 283 220 500 188 1 313 ; 401 1,019 1,809 25-30 . 44 ' 167 71 62 94 31 281 1 320 125 1 197 228 , 380 30-35 . 114 loi 17 77 47 12 248 , 130 1 69 ' 9 44 1 23 3.5-50 . 137 179 221 115 55 33 72 65 1 78 : 93 55 137 upwards/ 118 ' 10 172 1 168 89 43 1 111 100 ! 58 ! 89 101 : 305 640 219 1.259 602 518 220 1. 197 416 472 i 519 1,359 3,050 * here is a small watering-place within this district, which makes the loss of women the more remarkable. The gain of women at Windsor and Folkestone may perhaps be ascribed to the residential character of those places. Sahsbury, St. Germans and Sheerness lost part of their young women, contrary to the common experience of military places. But the Sahsbury district is only included in the class because the formation of a military camp at Bulford introduced 605 soldiers and took the district out of the category of merely rural districts. St, Germans is a dependency of Plymouth. In England's Becent Progress. 25 1881, 1891 and 1901 the military and naval forces on duty were returned as follows : — Special inmates of Barracks, Ships, &c. 18S1. 1891. 1901. Colchester . Sheerness . St. Germans Salisbury . . . Windsor Folkestone . 1,865 l,ii22 117 952 1,302 2,940 1,494 579 796 2,150 3,222 3,576 2,495 605 1,484 3,679 There was a material loss of males at the age 30-35 in these as well as in the majority of military districts, due, no doubt, to the departure of soldiers as well as to the emigration of non-military men in search of employment. Besidcntial places. — Nineteen out of 32 exhibit the characteristics which I have remarked upon. The aggregate movement of migratory population in these nineteen is shown thus : — 0-15 . 15-20 . 20-25 . 25-35 . 35-45 . 45 and upwards Females. 1881-90. 11,692 366 8,815 2,745 4,022 10,276 1891-00. 1881-90. 16,045 669 8,747 447 7,611 14,937 12,508 10,880 10,080 3,841 3,366 12,306 14,796 30,962 52,981 1891-00. 14,359 12,693 12,342 5,146 5,129 14,757 64,426 The most important deviations from the general rule are those where female immigrants at the ages 15-25 are not much more numerous than the males gained at those ages. But the whole of the exceptional cases are now shown : — ■ C'lacton. Cromer. Heme Bay. Uxbridge. Staiues. MALES. 1881-90. 1891 00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 684 1881-90. 1891-00. 1,079 1881-90. 1,292 1891-00. 0-15 . 128 324 17 150 319 72 1,356 15-20 . 305 259 68 II 229 165 253 137 358 169 20-25 . 413 211 257 69 566 460 424 102 1,049 1,005 25-35 . 364 202 126 15 295 89 84 505 298 379 35-45 . 90 300 2G 99 II 232 108 507 139 420 45 and I upwards/ 205 314 139 183 56 384 206 841 32 381 1,254 1,188 303 367 838 58G 375 2,753 242 1,.362 26 Engla>icl'si Ttrrrnf P rn 7 ?r .0VHI1. t'liniberlaiul. ^ Durliani. Cannartlieii. 1881-80. 1891-00. 1881-00. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15 . . 15-20 . . 20-30 . . 30-35 . . 35 aud 1 upwards ./ 1. 391 1.309 3 925 1. 019 2,303 753 878 2.505 669 1-333 1,778 2,093 5.042 1,105 2,674 2,017 2.066 5-182 1-305 3-129 1,406 704 2,609 819 2,475 1 1,462 2,577 731 891 2,791 2,291 804 1,390 2,026 3,213 1,239 363 1-348 956 2,175 2,449 1. 221 5,620 2,029 3,833 1,240 854 4-785 1,545 2,377 9,947 6,138 '12,692 13,699 8,013 7,814 10,362 6,081 15,152 10,801 MALES. Sussex. Denbigh. Montgomeiy. Carnarvon. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15 .... 15-20 .... 20-30 .... 30-35 .... 35 and upwards . 486 2,256 7,389 1,245 2,079 1,329 2,085 7-535 318 633 1,179 355 703 260 2.505 1 1,831 722 i 414 1,616 j 509 2.587 706 2,076 1.222 6-534 3,782 2,059 338 3,807 243 1,155 1,163 4,502 1,248 1,925 156 668 2,790 66 495 13-455 7,976 i 6.725 3,369 17,063 5.805 9,993 3,053 FEMALES. 0-15 .... 15-20 . . 20-30 . . 30-35 .... 35 and upwards . 1,218 3,505 4,162 236 809 588 2,773 3,236 8'J8 411 802 1,173 2,256 263 1,076 274 742 1,710 102 440 2,366 906 2,015 1-253 4-564 3-243 912 271 2,892 1,317 1.147 194 818 632 2,279 1,467 331 93 1,2x6 582 9,458 : 4,112 5,570 3.064 12,749 6,990 i 5,791 2,782 As already stated, the first live of these county groups, and also Carnarvon, lost more young men at the age 15-20 than young ^vomen at the same age. In Montgomery group the numbers lost were nearly equal. This may have happened because of the remoteness from these groups of places where the services of young women are in demand. At 20-30 the losses of males were invariably largest, but not always at 30-35. As to the losses of males at 35 and upwards, they were less than those of females in Cornwall, Devon, Cumberland (in the second decennium only), Durham and Carmarthen ; in Denbigh they were greater, and the same might be said of the other three in the first decennium. But in the second period, Sussex, Montgomery and Carnarvon all gained some men at that time of life, whilst Sussex also gained a lesser number of women, and Montgomery and Carnarvon lost women. Losses upon the whole were less heavy in the second period than in the first, the exceptions being met with in Cumberland (males) and Devon (females), and with respect to the apparent gains in some groups I have included a note in Appendix G, which will show that if certain places be excluded as non-rural, these would in most if not all cases disappear. England's Recent Progress. '29 Movement of Population at Age 0-15. The effect of a diminished birth rate was felt in 1891, and again in 1901, the numbers counted at the age 0-5 being found to have increased in a much smaller measure on each occasion than the population generally. Population. Increase pel- cent. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881-91. 1891-01. Males, aged 0-5 .. . „ 5-20 ,, ,, 20 and upwards 1,757,657 4,247,078 6,635,167 1,767,562 4,777,405 7,507,934 1,855,361 5,026,485 8,846,767 •6 12-5 13-2 5-0 5-2 17-8 Totals 12,639,902 14,052,901 15,728,618 11-2 11-9 Females, aged 0-5 „ 5-20 . ,, ,, 20 and upwards . 1,763,207 4,272,281 7,299,049 1,785,928 4,816,605 8,347,091 1,861,347 5,072,339 9,865,544 1-3 12-7 14-4 4-2 5-3 18-2 Totals 13,334,537 14,949,624 16,799,230 12-1 12-1 The numbers of births also were augmented in a smaller measure than those of the population. Male births . Female births 4,526,729 4,363,509 4,657,871 4,497,282 Increase per cent. 2-9 31 Both in 1891 and in 1901, wherever the increase of population was found to have been at a low rate, an actual decrease of children under 5 years of age and of births was shown ; where the general increase was more considerable, there was always a much lower rate of increase of young children and of births, than of grown-up persons. The altered conditions since 1881 involved a reduction of nearly 2,065,000 children at the age of 0-15, compared with the number which might have been counted had all the conditions remained the same ; thus — In 1881, to 16,502,048 persons aged 15 and upwards there were 9,472,391 aged 0-15, or 57 "4 per cent. In 1891 there were 18,825,890 persons aged 15 and upwards, and in proportion should have been 10,806,060 children under 15 ; but only 10,176,635 were counted, or nearly 630,000 fewer. In 1901 there were 21,977,354 persons aged 15 and upwards, and in proportion should have been 12,615,000 children under 15 ; but only 10,550,489 were counted, or nearly 2,065,000 fewer. I have already noticed the change in the apparent result of the migrations affecting population at the age 0-15, as between the first and second decennium under review ; shortly stated it was as follows : — 1881-911. 1891-00. Ditfcrence Males . Loss 46,431 . . Gain 42,743 . .. 89,174 Females . „ 25,465 . „ 28,633 . . 54,148 30 England'x Ixccoif Progres,<^. Some chiUlron uncloul)leclly ininiigmteil in each dccennium ; those of English parents hving iu India and some of the colonies or in foreign countries are often hrought home, and many children of foreign parents are to be found iu our schools. On the other hand, emigrants often take children witli tliem, and English children often go abroad for education, or for the benefit of a southern cUmate. All these movements must be increased in volume by the greater cheapness and frequency of communication, to say nothing of the increased rapidity of transit. The apparent loss of children in 1881-90 must, I think, be attributed to emigration of families, modified by the various currents of migration to which allusion has been made. In the next decennium there is reason to conclude that there was a much reduced loss by emigration of families ; of the adult males lost on balance a large proportion must have gone to South Africa as soldiers. There is also reason to think that the influx of children (whether born of British parents, or foreigners attending our schools) must have increased. If the whole difference had been due to non-registration of births, it would only have amounted to about 2 per cent, on male and 1| per cent, on female births. Any omissions to register births in order to avoid the pressure of the law concerning vaccination would affect both sexes alike. I conclude that any such omissions must have amounted in 1891-1900 to less than 1 per cent, upon births. A defect in the registration of births is more likely to occur in populous places than in rm'al districts, where facts can less easily be concealed. And in considering whether there is such a defect, we shall do well to sepai^ate the apparent gains and losses in different classes of districts, thus — Males. Females. Males. Females. Residential districts . gain 15,556 gain 15,468 gain 24,433 gain 22,642 Large towns loss 3.029 ,, 10,570 20,386 21,827 Colliery districts . . gam 9,968 ,, 10,067 13,415 11,987 Military districts. loss 2,232 J, 181 6,126 5,041 Industrial districts » 7,129 loss 8,137 8,931 2,496 Old towns . I) 4.699 1,341 1,877 2,219 Miscellaneous . gam 923 gam 381 866 553 Towns with textile ma lufac- 1 2,467 6,959 loss 225 739 tures " Rural places loss 58,256 loss 59,608 " 28,066 loss 38,821 England and Wales loss 46,431 loss 25,465 gain 42,748 gain 28,688 A study of this Table will suggest that migrations of entire families to the more progressive colliery districts, and migrations of girls in search of work to large towns, and to seats of textile manufactures, have to be reckoned with. Then it seems rather singular that whilst in the first period the rural districts showed nearly equal losses of males and females, in the second there was a greater loss of girls than of boys. The closeness of the gains for either sex in 1891 in several classes of districts tends to show that the causes of variation affect both sexes alike, and does not conflict with the idea that some general cause, such as a England's Becent Progress. 31 tendency towards non-registration, may have been at work. The approxi- mate equivalence of gains of the two sexes by the largest towns in the second decennium, notwithstanding that the tendency of rural girls to leave their homes was greater than that of boys, can apparently be accounted for by a diminished demand for female domestic servants. The importation of aliens into London will not account for the changed pro- portions of young immigrants, as the numbers of foreign boys and girls counted in 1901 were closely similar. Consulting Appendix D we find the following changes in the migrations of the sexes in large towns at age 0-15 : — Increased gains or decreased losses in 1891-1901. — Increased gains or decreased losses in 1891-1901. Males. Females. Males. Females. London .... Birmingham Liverpool Manchester . Bristol .... 6,257 6,457 4,854 2,610 1,384 2,529 5,913 5,474 1,462 1,287 Sheffield. . . . Leeds .... Hull Nottingham Leicester 1,048 541 280 1,138 72 737 909 385 607 44 Net migi-ations (Males), age 0-15. Net migrations (Females), age 0-15. Greater gains or smaller losses of If 81-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Males. Females. Centre : London City Holborn Westminster 233 4,879 4,144 447 5,147 4,310 332 4,499 4,087 266 4,947 4,299 214 268 166 66 448 212 8,790 9,010 8,918 9,512 220 594 Next : Shoreditch, Stepney, &c. . Islington and St. Pancras . Southwark and Lambeth . Kensington, Marylebone, &c. . 19,046 19,763 19,110 21,283 10,818 12,390 8,967 12,702 10,121 111,804 9,414 10,951 19,525 17,880 |i6,S58 16,892 717 1,572 1,683 1,645 2,173 3,735 1,537 334 59,510 61,837 54,049 61,828 2,327 7,779 Outer East*: Hackney, Edmonton, cfcc. Barnet Camberwell .... Croydon 31,222 861 9,579 4,919 38,046 762 8,480 7,767 32,847 735 9,372 4,718 37,918 1,059 6,502 7,217 6,824 99 1,117 2,848 5,071 324 2,870 2,499 46,599 55,055 47,672 52,696 8,456 5,024 Outer West* : Hampstead .... Hendon Wandsworth Fulham 1,229 4,568 6,065 6,801 763 6,340 5,570 6,338 2,123 4,968 8,050 7,638 1,801 6,416 8,394 6,988 466 1,772 495 463 322 1,448 344 650 18,663 19,011 22,779 23,599 348 820 Totals . . . 3,038 3,219 7,484 4,955 6,257 2,529 * In the whole "Outer" and "Exterior" districts there was a gain of cliildren under \r> in the second ilccennium equal to 11-1 per cunt, on the Commencing population of males, 11-7 per cent, on that ot females. a2 Ji!ngla)uVs licccitt Progress. It will he noticed that London is vespousihle for the main variation aS hetween the gains of the sexes, Nottingham and Manchester coming next. And as respects the suh-divisions of London, we find as ahove. The onlv apparent reason for increased losses or smaller gains of females, as compared \vith males, seems to be that the ratio of female domestics to population has fallen in all parts of the INIetropolis, so tliat a diminished immigration of girls seeking domestic service must have left the net loss by emigration from Loudon at a higher point than when such emigration was counterbalanced by a larger importation of domestics. The diminished proportion of children may well account for the smaller need of nursemaids. The rm-al localities, where the loss of boys has diminished without a proportionate decrease in the loss of girls at this age, include the following, amourist others : — Losses per cent, on Com mencing Population. Males (loss). Female 3 (lo,s). Age 0-15. Males. Females. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00 Xorthamptou, &c. 3,660 1,057 3,896 2,351 3 9 1-3 4-3 2-9 Gloucester and Somerset 4.1S4 2,891 4,177 3,731 4 1 31 4-1 4-1 Bucks and Oxford 1,061 637 990 1,049 1 7 1-1 1-6 1-8 Essex and Herts . 679 *36i 1,572 759 1 * -6 2-4 1-3 Kent and Surrey . 2.071 13 2,260 758 3 6 4-0 1-5 Cornwall 1,594 686 1,391 753 4 8 2-8 4-4 2-7 Carmarthen, &c. . 2,994 1,152 2,449 1,240 4 9 2-0 4-1 2-2 Montgomery, lic. 2,587 706 2,366 906 7 9 2-5 7-4 3-3 Denbigh and Flint . 1,179 355 802 274 8 2-V 5-6 2-1 Cumberland, &c. . 1.926 1.480 1,406 1,462 6 9 6-0 5-2 6-1 Durham, &c 2,676 958 2,577 1,239 8 5 3-4 8-4 4-4 Leicester, Notts and) Derby / Stafford, Warwick and i 2,490 861 2,472 1,633 3 2 1-2 3-3 2-2 2.422 1,189 2,724 1,950 3-4 1-7 3-9 2-9 Worcester . . . . j 29,523 11,574 29,082 18,105 These figures present no peculiarity requiring explanation. The rural parts of Sussex showed a gain of boys, and a less considerable gain of girls in 1891-1900, but this was almost the sole exception to the rule, though the Essex, Kent and Bucks groups appear to retain unusually large proportions of young folks. Turning to individual towns and districts, we find that an apparent immigration of children aged 0-15, amounting to at least 5 per cent, on the commencing number, was observed in 1891-1901 in the following places. Firstly, in thirteen places where persons aged 15-40 increased as shown : — England's Becent Progress. 33 Immigrants per cent., Immigrants per cent., Immigrants per cent., age 15-40, in 1891-00. age 0-15, in 1881-90. age 0-15, in 1891-00. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Weymouth* . . 29-0 5-7 1-4 2-9 5-4 6-6 Blackpool . 26-2 28-9 11-0 13-5 22-2 24-4 Southend . 21-4 25-9 5-6 10-2 25-5 27-2 Harrogate . 17-9 23-7 10-9 9-0 19-9 18-1 Llaududno . 14-1 18-8 10-0 12-9 13-1 13-3 Bournemouthf 1-5 16-7 22-5 25-8 5-8 7-5 Folkestone . 12-3 10-2 •5 1-5 5-9 5-6 Southampton . 12-5 8-8 •7 •1 7-9 9-9 Nuneaton . 12-0 9-1 4-4 2-9 9-9 10-8 Morecambo 8-9 10-5 4-4 5-3 9-6 9-3 Kettering . 5-7 8-6 7-6 6-6 4-1 5-5 Doncaster . 7-9 6-0 2-3 2-1 9-6 7-7 Swindon . 4-2 6-2 1-6 I'l 5-0 6-1 * Shows a large increase of soldiers. t Increase of males much checked. In all these cases it seems credible that the immigration shown at age 0-15 in 1891-1900 actually took place. Secondly, in eighteen places there were counted in 1901 greater numbers of male children aged 10-15 than of infants aged 0-5, pointing to an actual influx to schools or to some industrial employment, and in five an insignificant shortage, meaning much the same : — 1901. Age 0-15 Immigrants per cen Excess per cent, of those aged 10-15 over those aged 0-5. 1881 -90. 1891 -00. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Thanet .... 39-3 21-4 15-3 14-6 28-3 17-7 Tilbury* . . . 34-0 7-5 27-9 15-2 18-2 5-1 Breutwoodf . 31-1 13-0 16-0 4-2 12-2 10-0 Easthampstead i (Sandhurst) . f 25-5 1-1 1-6 •9 8-9 1-7 Bedford . . . 22-1 12-4 12-4 10-5 9-4 6-9 Malvern 20-9 7-4 1-7 1-5 6-6 25 Heme Bay . 19-8 9-0 7-5 •9 16-8 16-3 Staines* 16-1 138 23-9 7-3 23-1 18-1 Eastbourne 15-1 10-4 10-3 10-4 13-2 7-8 Eugby .... 9-3 10-8 19 40 15-1 8-1 Weston-super-Mare 8-8 17-0 2-4 2-7 6-9 7-8 Rhyl .... 5-8 4-5 •3 6 5-6 3-8 Guildford . . . 4-4 4-6 9-9 5-2 10-4 4-8 Worthing . 3-5 6-5 10-6 11-9 13-3 14-2 Hastings . . . 3-0 7-6 7-4 8-7 5-3 7-3 St. Germans* . 2-3 8-5 6-3 1-5 7-9 3-7 Reigate. 1-3 10-7 8-0 6-8 9-7 11-8 Aldershot (North) ■2 157 7-6 5-8 9-3 5-3 Tunbridge . . . •2 20 2-6 3-0 6-0 3-9 Watford . . . •4 ■2 12-4 9-1 16-4 14-4 Stockport* . . . 1-8 6-2 3-6 4-0 6-6 4-6 Godstone . 25 13-1 26 10 7-6 5-5 Luton .... 35 1-5 2-7 25 2-5 5'0 * Schools, training ships, &c., for boys cause the disproportionate gains shown, f This district contains schools of a public character. 84 EiKjhind'.'i Tfcccnf rrogrc^s. Fivo places remain, ^vllcro apparent gains at age 0-15 are almost as easily accounted for : - Iin uigrauts per cunt, at i^e 0- -15. Iininii;i-ants tige 15-40 per cent, at 11 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Dover .... 10-9 6-8 34 I-I 9-4 6-4 Grimsbv . 3-5 8-5 1-7 2-2 4-3 6-8 Clacton . . . 4-3 •3 1-6 2-9 3-9 6-7 Poole .... 4-2 11-3 10-4 12-2 3-1 5-5 Uxbridge . 8-1 5-2 1-1 2-8 17-1 12-3 Immigrants into Dover and Grimsby in 1891-1900 at ages 15-40 are sufficiently numerous to account for the increase shown in the numbers of children. The number of girls found in Clacton district at age 10-15 seems to suggest an influx of nurse-girls, and in a less degree the same seems to be true of Poole. Uxbridge is influenced by migrations of whole families from London ; there is also a workhouse school belonging to the Borough of Marylebone. It will be observed that of the 41 instances of gains reaching 5 per cent. 23 l)elong to the residential class, and that the military and industrial districts of Folkestone, Weymouth, St. Germans, Dover, Godstone and Eugby contain residential elements. Excluding these, only seven industrial, one military, one colliery, one textile manufacturing and two miscellaneous distiicts are found in the list. Even Stockport has some claim to rank in the partly residential class, through its proximity to Manchester. Some other places seem to have gained inhabitants at age 0-15 in 1891-1900, although not to the extent of 5 per cent, on the commencing population ; amongst them the following eight : — Immigrants per cent, at age 15-40 in 1891-00. 1901. Deficiency per cent, of those aged 10-15 Age 0-15 Immigrants per cent. — under those aged 0-5. 1881 -90. 1891-00. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Gloucester •4 5-3 14-0 8-2 3-8 1-7 4-3 4-0 Ipswich . Chesterfield i group*/ Rotherham . 3-0 1-5 5-1 ' 3-2 6-1 1 1-4 5-1 17-4 21-4 2-0 18-8 24-7 •2 •2 1-5 •9 x'-s 3-6 4-1 3-2 4-1 6-0 2-5 Rochdale . 2-4 i 2-8 6-0 9-8 1-2 1-9 3-8 3-6 Carlisle 31 6-1 6-5 4-7 49 3-8 2-7 1-9 Lincoln . 32 •3 5-7 3-3 4-6 3 3 2-1 1-8 King's Lynn . •8 33 4-6 ■7 6-5 35 2-2 •7 * Influenced by the inclusion of an extension of the suburbs of Nottingham likely to attract families with children. In some of these places, it appears to me, there may have been a partial failure to register births ; none of them seem hkely to attract many children either to schools or to take part in industrial work. England's Recent Progress. 35 In Oxford, children under five have fallen off, whilst those aged 10-15, especially boys, have increased in numbers. Here there is shown, in 1891-1901, a slight gain of boys and loss of girls, at the ages 0-15. I regret the absence of Tables showing the ages of immigrants found in each important place and in the counties, distinguishing those born in other parts of the country, and born in places beyond the national limits. With the help of such data it would be in our power to form opinions as to the origin of young immigrants. Before quitting the subject, a few places may be noted where apparently there has been an exodus of children, apart from the losses which are general in the rural residues : — Losses per cent, at age 0-15. Enumerated in 1901. 1881-91. 1891-01. Males aged Females aged Males. Females. Males. Females. 13-14. 14-15. 15-16. 13-14. 14-15. 15-16. Dewsbury 2-5 2-2 2-5 1-8 1,642 1,615 1,678 1,634 1,7.39 1.703 Huddersfiekl 1-3 •1 3-1 3-4 1,562 1,510 1,491 1,555 1,648 1,640 Saddleworth . 5-4 4-7 7-9 6-7 162 177 159 166 166 173 Glossop gain gain 7-7 5-2 249 257 266 302 259 257 Macclesfield . 3-8 5-0 4-3 4-8 615 660 594 555 582 609 Kidderminster . 7-3 4-8 2-3 4-2 413 437 431 455 442 438 Cockermouth gain gam 7-3 7-1 820 824 749 788 763 727 Whitehaven . 10-5 9-6 4-6 7-0 655 639 629 634 601 617 Barrow . 7-0 6-4 5-0 4-3 555 544 602 538 612 533 Stafford . . . 7-5 9-1 5-7 3-6 300 344 329 327 301 306 Burton-on-Trent 3-9 4-5 2-3 3-4 989 1,097 1,034 961 972 953 Wolverhampton . 5-0 5-5 1-7 2-7 4,479 4,599 4,526 4,423 4,374 4,363 Eedruth . gain gain 2-9 2-1 500 546 547 516 513 478 Helstou . 6-7 4-0 5-3 5-6 209 228 189 198 214 203 Falmouth 3-2 •5 4-6 •9 211 201 206 221 229 211 Sheerness 10-8 7-6 4-3 4-8 205 173 212 179 188 173 Canterbury . 5-3 4-0 4-5 5-6 202 175 179 173 167 184 All these districts, except the last two, are engaged in industrial work. The losses they may have sustained were apparently at early ages, and the numbers aged 13-14 and upwards were not further depleted to any great extent. Movement of Population in Divisions of London. It is difficult in most cases to sub-divide our large towns so as to discriminate between the central and fully covered districts and the more or less thinly peopled suburbs. Even in the case of London it would be impossible to devise a perfect scheme, since such registration districts as St. Pancras and Lambeth include suburbs fairly remote as well as portions of the centre. But I have arrived at a plan which suffices to biing out the main characteristics of the movement of population in tlie two orders of districts. The movement of population in the central districts is shown in the following Tables, and varies as between one decennium and another less than might l)e expected : — ■ D 2 86 EiKjIand'.'i Frcdit rwffrr.<^.S27 2,274 3,134 5,161 876 1,396 2,483 4,283 75 and | upwards) 2,048 77,358 3,077 3,503 6,302 772 1,384 2,227 4,609 114,153 85,241 74,126 22,505 16,478 30,388 23,549 Age-Constitution of Populations. Enough has been said to make it a familiar fact that the age- constitution of particular populations varies greatly. It will now be useful to examine the extent of such variations. The upper Table opposite gives some details founded on the 1891 Census as modified in Appendix C. This Table displays the fact that the older men vary in proportion as between 9 • 8 and 25 • 1 to one hundred of young people, the disparity being partly caused bj^ low birth rates and partly l)y high death rates, also in a measure by losses and gains by migrations in middle life. The deaths of the old exceed in number those of the young in rural places, whilst in the colliery districts thej^ fall to little more than one-fourth of that proportion. If we sub-divide London as shown in Appendix C, we have the lower Table opposite. This Table points to the low birth rate and influx of adults which in the City and Westminster dwarfs the proportionate numbers of children, affecting in a less degree the Kensington and Hampstead sections ; also the comparatively high liirth rate in the Shoreditch, Hackney, Fulham and Hendon sections. The mortality at higher ages does not occasion much England's Becent Progress. 41 Living Uyiug in next Peceunium aged 00 To 100 aged 25-45. so as to affect Population llatio of and up- in 1901 at last Males, 1S91. wards tolOO columns as 100 Young people.* Young.* 60 and upwards. Ages 0-15. Ages 70 and upwards. to Large towns .... 11-2 171 19 478,195 166,077 35 Textile manufacturing i 13-1 155 20 121,657 51,323 42 Colliery districts . 9-8 196 19 203,375 01,507 30 Industrial : — Middlesbro', &c. . . 10-5 191 20 28,241 9,213 33 Wolverhampton, &c. . 11-0 200 22 44,781 14,448 32 Southampton, &c. 15-4 187 29 22,658 12,857 57 Old towns 16-5 171 28 49,521 30,205 61 Military, 4 towns 15-9 164 26 21,211 11,543 54 ,, other districts . 19-6 151 29 10,147 8,461 83 Residential : — With lunatic asylum 20-7 102 33 8,916 8,334 93 Brighton, &c. . 18-7 168 31 20,213 14,266 71 Bournemouth, &c. . 21-7 154 33 3,831 3,821 100 Other 21-8 172 38 14,992 13,950 93 Miscellaneous 22-0 149 33 1,288 1,507 117 Rural residues 25-1 14-9 170 174 43 26 171,326 190,513 111 England and Wales . 1,200,352 598,025 50 * The youug people are those C(junted in 1891 at age 0-5 plus ten years' births in 1S91-1900. Dying in next Decennium Living aged To 100 aj 'ed '25-45. so as to affect Population in 1901 at Ratio of last Males, 1891. wards to 100 columns as 1 100 to Young people. Y'oung. 60 and upwards. . n 1 r Ages 70 and Ages 0-15. f,j„vards. Central : — London City 28-5 74 21 1,645 741 45 Holborn . 10-7 160 17 7,787 1,371* 18 Westminster 20-0 93 19 3,168 1,739 55 Kensington . 16-5 128 21t 22,059 11,745 53 Shoroditch . 10-1 184 19 47,0.30 14,616 31 Islington 11-9 140 17 22,200 8,785 40 Southwark . 11-0 165 IS 23,067 0,957 29 Outer : — Fulham . 10-2 185 19 15,664 4,941 32 Camberwell . 11-9 174 21 30,622 13,427 44 Hackney. 9-5 194 IS 44,427 14,233 32 Wandsworth 11-3 171 19 17,116 7,203 42 Exterior : — Hampstead . 15-0 136 20 2,653 910 35 Hendon . 8-0 204 10 4,412 1,394 32 Croydon . 10-5 165 27 6,647 4,890 74 Barnet . 14-9 11-6 160 107 24 19 1,185 958 81 Totals .... 250,882 93,916 38 * Many seem to die outsiilu thiMlistrit^t. t Chelsea shows many pensioners and also many " retiruil from business." 42 England's Becent Progress. diversity, savo that in the Croydon and Baruet sections there is evidence of the inclusion of rural popuhitions with lower death rates than those experienced in the major part of the INIetropolitan area. The fact that London City sends all paupers away would decrease the numhers of elderly iuhahitants, wore it not counterprised l)y the introduction of a good uumher of old men acting as caretakers, messengers and porters. But the statistics of the central square mile are vitiated in many ways, and those of Westminster only less so. We may take it that tlie proportion of old men to the young is pretty constant in the rural portions of the country, varying between 23 • 7 and 29-3 in 18 out of 24 groups of districts, and averaging 25-1 as shown above. The same proportion is 20 or more in a large proportion of the residential, military and miscellaneous districts, and in these the lowest figures are show^n in the next Table :— Living aged 60 and upwards to 100 Young people. To 100 aged 25-45. ^^'^^^^^,^0 affecT""' Ratio of last columns as 100 to Young. 60 and upwards. Ages 0-15. Ages 70 and upwards. Farnham . Blackpool Chatham . Colchester Poole . . Morecambe Portsmouth Eastbourne Windsor . Southend. 11-5 13-4 13-9 14-9 15-2 15-2 15-6 15-7 16-0 16-6 148 198 159 151 195 156 167 163 143 196 17 26 22 22 30 24 26 26 23 32 1,693 2,671 4,373 1,188 891 2,122 8,175 1,091 913 1,215 766 1,314 2,126 689 536 1,198 4,594 669 709 849 45 49 49 58 60 56 56 61 78 70 In the towms and industrial districts the proportion of the old is usually low% especially in the colliery districts, the few exceptions being shown in the next Table : — Living aged 60 and To 100 a jed 25-45. Dying in next Decennium so as to affect : Ratio of last columns as 100 to Males, 1891. upwards to 100 Young people. Young. 60 and upwards. Ages 0-15. Ages 70 and upwards. Textile towns : — ]Macclesfield . 23-8 168 40 1,933 1,750 91 Kidderminster 22-0 IGO 35 1,235 1,013 82 Industrial : — Falmouth . 25-2 151 38 681 609 89 Helston 24-0 177 42 713 620 87 Penzance . 20-5 191 39 1,720 1,202 70 Rugby .... 22-4 172 38 762 751 99 Stafford . . . 19-5 160 31 842 833 99 Old towns : — Exeter .... 24-3 159 39 2.693 2,475 92 Maidstone . 22-0 154 34 1,496 1,417 95 Ipswich 20-3 179 36 2,885 2,225 77 Lincoln 19-9 159 32 2,267 1,763 78 King's Lynn . 19-5 180 35 727 508 70 England's Becent Progress. 43 Finally, the most remarkable instances of low proportions of the old in towns and industrial places are these : — Living aged 60 and To 100 aged 25-45. Dying in next Decennium so as to affect Ratio of last Males, 1S91. upwards to 100 Young people. columns as 100 to Young. 60 and upwards. Ages 0-15. Ages 70 and upwards. Colliery districts : — Wigan .... 8-5 197 17 31,288 7,933 25 Barnsley . 9-3 199 18 13,253 3,854 29 Glamorgan 9-6 185 18 53,849 15,254 28 Durham 9-6 198 19 75,884 22,778 30 Industrial : — Barrow. 7-2 156 11 2,191 519 24 Rotherham 8-8 205 18 5,245 1,406 27 Potteries . 9-0 208 19 15,681 3,751 24 Swindon . 9-1 170 16 1,427 472 33 Middlesbro' 9-2 181 17 8,438 2,395 28 Walsall. . . . 10-1 213 22 6,034 1,695 28 Textile :— Burnley 9-1 174 16 9,328 2,548 27 Bolton .... 9-5 175 17 11,653 3,483 30 Blackburn . 10-2 169 17 10,433 3,230 31 Oldham 10-9 150 16 9,880 3,238 33 Old towns : — Wakefield . . . 10-4 175 18 4,996 1,712 34 Derby .... 11-4 156 18 3,850 1,591 41 Death Eates in Classes of Districts. It is of great importance that the public should be enabled to follow with some degree of accuracy the progress of sanitation, which is essentially a matter of local concernment, and this enquiry, based on data extending over two decennial periods, is quite as important from the point of view of the true measurement of mortality as in respect of the mode and amount of migrations. The study of death rates is indeed a very different matter from that of migrations. Yet migrations of healthy persons from rural homes to towns or industrial districts, and again the return of emigrants from such places to rural homes after having lost their health, may largely influence death rates at certain periods of life. In my opinion the rates of mortality amongst persons aged 5-35 at the commencement and 15-45 at the close of a decennium are considerably modified by the effect of such migrations. As a very large proportion of deaths occur at earlier or later ages,* I think we may, in arriving at a judgment as to the salubi'ity of the conditions under which people in various localities exist, ignore those ages at least provisionally. As the mortality amongst younger persons depends in great measure upon the care and kindness of their seniors, I would also exclude this from consideration, except so far as concerns districts showing low rates of mortality. These last may, I think, be treated as being naturally healthy, even if heavy death rates at higher ages point to unsanitary conditions affecting older persons. Fortunately the facts are See the figures in Appendix F, page 088, II EnghnnV^ Ju'cciif Prot/rcsK. given separately for tlio two sexes, aiul wluno tlic statistics of either sex are not umtually coiiiirmatory wo liavo warning that some explanation must he sought. As an instrument of comparison I have devised a scale of mortality for healthy places, which approximately fits the case of the hest rural districts as in 1881-1890 and which represents the loss hy death in ten years j^er cent. on the mean population affected, which I have roughly taken to be the arithmetical mean between the population at the commencement and end of the decennium, the latter being of course affected by immigration and emigration during the interim. Thus, if there were in 1881 1,568,579 males aged 5-10 who lost 58,572 by death and 39,332 by emigration in excess of immigration, so that in 1891 only 1,470,675 remained, I calculate the average population to be 1,519,627 and ten years losses by death 3 • 9 per cent. The scale adopted is in fact the following : — Loss per cent. Female Loss per cent. Female Xerininal loss, tlie Male beiiis; Terminal Age. loss, the Age. Male being Males. Females. 100. :Ma'es. Females. 100. 0-15. . 15-0 12-8 85 45-50 . . . 9-1 8-5 93 15-20. . 2 9 3-1 107 50-55 . . . 11-2 9-9 88 20-25. . 3 1 3-4 110 55-60 . . . 14-6 12-4 85 25-30. . 4 1 *5-0 122 60-65 . . . 20-1 17-6 88 30-35. . 5 5 *6-3 113 65-70 . . . 29-7 26-0 88 85^0. . 6 7 *7-0 104 70-75 . . . 44-1 38-8 88 40^5. . 7-8 7-6 97 75 and upwards 104-0 95-8 92 * Possibly these ligures are too high, but I am unwilling to overstate the excess of mortality in rural districts at these ages. It is ob^dous that at the higher ages, when the rate of mortality continually increases, the arithmetical mean is not the true mean of population exposed to risk, and it is absurd to suppose that the mean loss by death at age 75 and upw^ards approximates to, much less exceeds, 100 per cent. But, for purposes of comparison only, the ratios will be serviceable. The actual death rates, derived from my Tables, in the rural parts of the Eastern and South-Western Counties, were in 1881-1890 as under : — Eastern. South-Western. Eastern. South-Western. Terminal Terminal Age. Age. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. 0-15 . 15-8 12-9 14-4 12-5 45-50 . 8-8 8-6 10-2 8-7 15-20 . 3-2 3-8 3-1 3-5 50-55 . 10-8 9-8 12-8 10-5 20-25 . 3-7 4-5 3-7 4-4 55-60 . 14-2 12-2 16-1 13-4 25-30 . 4-5 5-8 4-6 5-5 60-65 . 19-6 17-1 21-9 18-0 30-35 . 5-5 6-7 6-0 6-4 65-70 . 29-3 25-5 31-2 28-2 35-40 . 6-0 7-3 7-4 7-1 70-75 . 42-9 37-6 46-6 42-4 40-45 . 7-6 7-9 8-6 7-8 75 and "t upwards/ 102-7 94-7 103-0 97-8 Using the standard rates as being always equal to 100, these rural rates would be less or more, as shown in the next Table. EnglamVs Recent Progress. 45 Eastern. South-Western. | Terminal Age. Males. Females. Males. Females. 0-15 . 102 101 96 98 15-20 . 110 123 107 113 20-25 . 119 132 119 129 25-30 . 110 116 112 110 30-35 . 100 106 109 102 35-40 . 99 104 110 101 40-45 . 97 104 110 103 Terminal Age. 45-50 . 50-55 . 55-60 . 60-65 . 65-70 . 70-75 . 75 and upwards Eastern. SouthA Males. Females. Males. 97 101 112 96 99 114 97 98 110 98 97 109 99 98 105 97 97 106 99 99 99 102 106 108 106 108 109 102 It will be observed that in devising the scale, allowance was made for the return to the rural districts of emigrants who had lost their health, especially young women, who are less likely than young men to marry and settle at once in the place to which they migrate. Whether this allowance has made the scale too low must be a matter of opinion, but I think it is still a little too high. Adhering to the standard scale, the figures in the same rural parts for the decennium 1891-1900 are as under : — Eastern. South- Western. Eastern. South-Western. Terminal Terminal Age. Age. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. 0-15 . 97 94 90 87 45-50 . 92 92 102 92 15-20 . 90 97 93 97 50-55 . 93 94 105 93 20-25 . 100 103 110 103 55-60 . 92 95 105 103 25-30 . 95 92 102 88 60-65 . 95 94 109 107 30-35 . 91 84 98 81 65-70 . 100 100 109 111 35-40 . 81 83 91 80 70-75 . 103 106 112 115 40-45 . 83 87 92 84 75 and 1 up. yards j 96 98 98 99 This Table shows at least that the rates of mortality indicated in the scale are not materially below a level which is easily attainable in a healthy rural district. In many such districts the death rates are lower still. Having thus far justified the scale, let us see how the national averages work out : for each of the two decennial periods. The figures for England and Wales are : — • Ma es, Females, Males, Females, Terminal Age. loss per cent. loss per cent. Terminal Age. loss per cent. loss per cent. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15 . 20-5 20 5 17-8 17-8 45-50 . 14-0 13-1 11-6 10-7 15-20 . 3-9 3 2 3-9 3-2 50-55 . 17-4 16-9 13-8 13-4 20-25 . 4-3 3 6 4-3 3-5 55-60 . 22-3 21-9 17-7 17-3 25-30 . 5-6 4 9 5-6 4-5 60-65 . 29-4 29-3 23-9 23-5 30-35 . 7-1 6 2 6-8 5-6 65-70 . 40-8 42-0 34-6 84-9 35-40 . 8-7 7 7 8-1 6-8 70-75 . 56-6 59-1 48-2 50-6 40-45 . 11-3 10-2 9-6 8-5 75 and \ upwards / 113-5 111-0 104-0 102-3 46 England's Bcccnt Progress. At the earliest age, it will lie seeu, there was no change as hetween the first and second deceunium. At later ages a considerable reduction of mortality is shown, which reduction becomes comparatively small, or is turned into an increase, after the age 45-50. The relative numbers for England and Wales, scale numbers being ahvavs taken as 100, work out thus : — Males. Females. Males. Females. Terminal Terminal Age. Age. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15 . 137 137 139 139 45-50 . 154 144 136 126 15-20 . 134 110 126 103 50-55 . 155 151 139 135 20-25 . 139 116 126 103 55-60 . 153 150 143 140 25-30 . 187 120 112 90 60-65 . 146 146 136 134 30-35 . 129 113 108 89 65-70 . 137 141 133 134 85-40 . 130 115 116 97 70-75 . 128 134 124 130 40-45 . 145 131 126 112 75 and ) upwards/ 109 107 109 107 These figures show that at ages 25-40 the scale of death rates arrived at upon the basis of the experience of the earlier decennium as representing female mortality in healthy districts proves to exceed in the second decennium the average mortality at these ages in all districts whether healthy or otherwise. This is a surprising improvement. It does not, however, invaUdate the use of the standard scale. It merely shows that in applj'ing that scale we should bear in mind the improvement which has taken place. It will be noticed that the figures indicate a relative aggravation of male mortality as compared with that of females between the ages of 20-25 and 40-45, indicating that unhealthy conditions affect that sex most severely, the difference afterwards being less striking. Eeduced into ratios, the following proportions may be noted : — Female Index number per cent, on Male. Age. 1881-90. 1891-00. 0-15 .... 101 101 15-20 . 94 94 20-25 . 91 89 25-30 . 82 75 30-35 . 91 ^9 . 35-40 . 89 84 40-45 . 87 86 45-50 . 85 88 50-55 . 90 89 55-60 . 93 93 60-65 . 93 92 65-70 . 97 95 70-75 . 97 97 75 and upv fan Is 100 100 If we group the districts as is done in Appendix C, w^e have the following average death rates at certain ages, viz. : — England's Recent Progress. 47 Losses per cent, of Males, 1881-90. 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— 75 and up. wards. 10 Large towns .... 22 Towns (textile manufac-'> tures) / 7Industrial(Middlesbro',&c.) 6 ,, (Wolverhamp-| ton, &o.) j 12 Industrial (Southampton, i &c.) / 9 Colliery districts . 19 Old towns 4 Military towns 12 Other military places . . 7 Residential (with asylums) 9 „ (Brighton, \ Bath, &c.) . . . . j 3 Residential (special) . 13 „ (other). . . 23-4 24-3 16-3 15-8 20-6 20-2 26-7 26-8 34-6 36-3 47-7 50-4 63-7 72-0 121-1 131-2 20-7 23-0 12-1 14-0 15-5 18-1 20-4 24-5 27-5 32-8 40-1 47-3 58-5 64-5 116-2 121-0 18-4 12-6 15-1 19-9 26-7 37-3 52-2 113-0 22-2 19-4 20-1 15-7 15-7 17-6 13-2 14-7 14-7 13-3 18-0 14-4 16-9 17-5 17-8 15-6 20-4 17-4 22-3 22-4 22-1 19-2 25-4 21-7 30-6 29-3 28-4 25-5 31-0 27-7 43-3 41-5 38-4 35-1 41-1 38-6 62-5 57-9 52-0 50-7 59-0 53-8 119-2 115-6 108-5 105-3 115-0 113-8 12-9 14-8 13-6 10-9 15-6 13-6 17-8 16-9 23-0 22-3 31-7 31-8 45-2 46-2 98-3 104-4 133* 6 Rural groups (residential) . 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) . 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) 6 „ (Welsh) . . 6 ,, (Northern) . 13-8 14-4 15-3 15-3 15-8 10-1 10-2 8-8 10-9 10-5 12-6 12-8 10-8 13-5 13-1 16-3 16-1 14-2 17-4 17-0 21-8 21-9 19-6 24-3 23-2 31-3 31-2 29-3 35-2 34-1 46-5 46-6 42-9 50-0 49-6 104-5 103-0 102-7 107-6 108-4 24 It will be observed that the three " Miscellaneous " districts are not included in this 1'able. They are very dissimilar, and no ineaning would attach to the average rates of mortality in them. Losses per cent, of Males, 1891-00.1 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60- C5— 70— 75 and up- wards. 10 Large towns 22 Towns (textile manufac-l tures) j 23-0 24-0 15-2 14-5 19-8 19-8 25-5 26-3 33-4 36-2 47-9 52-4 64-7 73-7 115-3 128-2 7 Industrial (Middlesbro' , &c .) 21-7 11-6 14-9 20-5 28-7 43-0 59-0 112-4 6 ,, (Wolverhamp-^ ton, &c.) / 12 Industrial (Southampton, \ &c.) / 9 Colliery districts 19 Old towns 4 Military towns .... 12 Other military places . 7 Residential (with asylums) 24-4 12-4 16-8 23-3 31-1 45-8 64-0 116-7 18-3 12-0 15-5 20-0 26-2 38-7 56-7 109-1 22-8 19-5 19-8 15-2 15-4 12-2 13-5 13-2 12-3 16-2 16-3 16-9 18-0 15-4 20-0 21-9 22-1 20-8 20-1 24-7 30-4 29-5 27-3 25-6 30-9 44-3 42-5 38-7 36-3 43-8 62-9 59-2 55-7 53-6 61-6 115-8 115-2 109-5 105-7 117-2 9 „ (Brighton,! Bath, &c.) .... 3 Residential (special) . 13 „ (other) . . 17-8 13-4 17-2 21-5 28-1 40-4 57-7 108-7 13-8 14-4 14-3 10-0 16-3 12-6 18-6 16-1 24-8 22-7 32-9 32-8 49-1 49-1 101-6 101-6 133 6 Rural groups (residential) . 3 „ (Wilts, &o.) . 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) 6 „ (Welsh) . . G „ (Northern) . 13-0 13-5 14-5 15-3 15-8 9-2 9-3 8-4 10-7 9-5 11-5 11-8 10-4 14-0 12-5 15-2 15-3 13-4 18-0 16-6 21 -G 22-0 19-1 24-8 23-2 32-1 32-4 29-7 36-2 34-4 48-3 49-5 45-5 54-9 51-2 102-4 101-7 100-2 109-7 105-6 24 48 England'^ Beccnt Progress. It ^vill be notieoil that tho largo towns, toxtilo manufacturiiif^ towns, colliery districts ami some of the industrial districts, show high infant mortality, and are amongst thoso wliich stand highest at more advanced ages." The residential districts which contain lunatic asylums show heavy death rates at tlie higher ages, hut as shown in Appendix E, they may really bo as healthy as the thirteen "other residential districts." It is curious that after age Go the death rates for either sex in the three " special " residential districts very closely agree with those in tho thirteen " others." I am connnced that these three districts are really healthy, and that the figures shown at ages 45-60 would be much reduced if the deaths of invalid immigrants could be excluded. At earlier ages, as will presently be shown, the phenomena in these three districts are far more striking. Losses per cent, of Females, 1881-90. 10 Large towns 22 Towns (textile mauufac-"l tures) / 7 Industrial (]Middlesbro',&c.) 6 ,, (Wolverhamp-i ton, &c.) l' 12 Industrial (Southampton, ~( &c.) f 9 Colliery districts 19 Old towns 4 Military towns .... 12 Other military places . 7 Residential (with asylums) 9 „ (Brighton,) Bath, &c.) . . . . j 3 Residential (special) . 13 „ (other). . . 133 6 Rural groups (residential) 3 ., (Wilts, &c.) 3 „ (Norfolk, &c. 6 „ (Welsh) . . 6 „ (Northern) . 24 20-6 20-6 18-0 20-0 15-9 19-4 16-7 17-6 13-3 13-5 150 10-8 12-5 12-3 12-5 12-9 13-0 13-3 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— 12-9 15-7 20-6 26-8 39-0 51-2 12-6 15-4 20-8 29-8 42-7 62-2 11-3 13-3 17-4 23-9 34-2 50-2 11-7 13-9 18-3 25-5 37-9 54-0 9-9 11-2 14-5 20-0 30-1 42-4 12-5 14-6 18-6 26-0 37-1 53-4 11-8 13-8 17-6 23-1 33-8 47-8 11-5 13-8 17-3 21-7 32-2 44-7 10-4 12-3 15-3 20-9 31-4 42-5 12-0 14-4 18-3 23-9 33-9 48-1 10-5 12-5 16-0 21-5 31-1 43-3 8-8 10-4 12-9 17-6 27-3 38-7 8-6 10-2 13-2 18-3 27-4 39-3 8-9 10-4 13-3 18-7 27-7 41-4 8-7 10-5 13-4 18-6 28-2 42-4 8-6 9-8 12-2 17-1 25-5 37-6 10-0 11-2 14-0 19-6 29-1 43-2 10-0 11-6 14-3 20-2 29-5 45-4 75 and up- wards. 108-1 121-3 107-5 108-3 99-9 109' 105' 102' 95' 105-3 99-5 92-0 96-0 96 97 94 97 101 Referring again to the "special " and " other" residential districts, the above Table shows a close correspondence in their mortality after infancy, and suggests the idea that the immigrant invalids, whose deaths swell the figures, must be almost entirely of the male sex (see Table opposite). On the figures given it may perhaps be said that there are some notable correspondences of independent facts. Female mortality at ages 50 and upwards was in certain groups nearly identical in 1881-1890 and in 1891-1900. If we throw out fom' military * It must not be forgotten that families living in moderate affluence are likely to be much more numerous in residential districts, and even in ordinary places than in colliery villages and places like Tilbury and Barrow, hence in some measure the apparently excessive death rates in the latter class of districts. England's Recent Progress. 49 Losses per cent, of Females, 1891-1900. 10 Largo towns .... 22 Towns (textile manufac-) tures) ( 7 Industrial (Middlesbro', &c.) 6 ,, (Wolverhamp- 1 ton, &c.) ( 12 Industrial (Southampton, &c.) 9 Colliery districts . 19 Old towns 4 Llilitary towns .... 12 Other military places . 7 Residential (with asylums) 9 „ (Brighton, \ Bath, &c.) . . . ./ 3 Residential (special) 13 „ (other) 133 6 Rural groups (residential) . 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) . 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) 6 „ (Welsh) . . 6 „ (Northern) . 24 0-15. 45— 50— 20-2 11-9 15-2 20-3 11-3 15-0 18-8 10-7 13-0 20-9 11-2 14-1 15-9 9-3 11-4 19-9 11-9 14-6 16-6 10-8 13-1 17-2 10-4 12-8 13-0 9-0 11-0 13-0 11-4 13-7 15-2 9-5 12-1 11-7 8-3 9-8 12-3 7-7 9-6 11-0 7-7 9-5 11-1 7-8 9-7 12-0 7-8 9-3 13-1 9-8 11-7 13-5 8-9 10-6 19-7 20-2 17-2 18-9 14-8 18-8 17-0 16-4 14-5 17-5 15-8 12-3 12-6 12-7 12-8 11-8 14-6 14-0 60— 65— 25-6 38-2 28-5 42-7 23-6 36-1 25-8 38-5 20-1 30-5 26-0 38-5 23-0 34-5 22-5 33-4 19-6 28-9 23-7 35-3 20-7 30-9 16-6 25-0 17-8 26-9 18-2 28-0 18-8 28-8 16-6 26-0 20-4 31-3 20-3 30-5 75 and up- wards. 52-9 62-2 53-6 55-4 45-7 46-0 38-4 41-5 42-8 44.5 41-0 47-9 47-4 104 115 103 107 97 107 104 99 99 106 99 91-9 93-1 94-9 95-1 93-5 100-6 101-2 towns as being very like any other old towns, and the residential groups with asylums, and with special attraction for male invalids, only ten groups of non-rural character remain. Of these, five showed rates of mortality of great steadiness, viz. : the old towns, the towns engaged in textile manufactures, the colliery districts and the Wolverhampton * and Southampton groups of industrial places. Four others were almost equally constant, viz. : the large towns, the Middlesbro' industrial group, the nine residential places classed with Brighton, and the thirteen " other residential places." The twelve military places showed a material im- provement, in sympathy with the rural districts, which many of them resemble. Of the rural " residues," the Welsh alone showed a serious worsening. As respects infantile mortality, it seems to have been aggravated in the colliery districts and in many industrial places, and not much reduced anywhere except in the rural parts of the south and east of England. But since 1901 much improvement has been shown, especially in the colliery districts. [n both periods the level of mortality at ages 50 and upwards was lower in the rural parts of the eastern counties than anywliere else, but infantile mortality was lowest in tlie rural parts of the southern and south- western counties. * The death rates of males in the Wolverhampton group at ages 55 and upwards were lower in the second deccnnium, hut still ranked third in order, if one disregards places influenced by lunatic asylums. 50 EnglaniV!> Recent Progref^f^. Tlio disparity botAvccn the vatos of mortality amongst males and fomalos rospoctivoly at ages 45-60 was least in the nine colliery districts and in the Middlesbro' group of industrial districts. Tliis approximation of the death rates of females to those observed amongst males seems to indicate unfavourable conditions, such as those which adversely affected infant life in the same quarters. Eeferring to the suggestion in Appendix A, that the transfers made of certain numbers of the female population enumerated in 1891, from age 50- to age 55-, may be less in amount than the facts would justify, it is evident that any understatement of population at age 55-60 would augment the calculated death rates at that age. The Tables of index numbers next furnished rather suggest the idea that the female death rates in 1891-1900 at that age are too high. But this appearance might equally result from a fault in the assumed " scale of mortality," slightly under- stating the relative female mortality at that age. I give the figures for what they may be worth, and wish to convey the idea that they must be taken with a small " grain of salt." The index numbers are generally higher at age 50-55 than at the preceding age, and lower at age 60-65 than at 55-60 ; but the decrease in index numbers for males at age 65-70 has no counterpart in the case of females (see Table opposite). A series of graphs is appended (pages xviii.-xxv.), which may be con- sulted with advantage ; a number of similar graphs for individual places will be found on pages xxvi.-lix. Index Numbers of Mortality 1881-1890 of Males axd Females. Slales at , »ge 45. 152 Females at age 45. 50. 55. 183 60. 172 65. 160 50. 158 55. 166 60. 152 65. 10 Large towns .... 179 184 150 22 Towns (textile) . . . 174 180 184 181 170 148 155 168 169 164 7 Industrial (Middlesbro',' &c.) / 6 Industrial (Wolverhamp- 1 ton, &c.) . . . . ( 12 Industrial (Southamp-i ton, &c.) . . . . / 133 138 140 137 135 133 134 140 186 132 154 102 168 163 159 138 140 148 145 146 138 135 136 133 125 116 113 117 114 116 9 Collierv districts. 145 151 158 152 146 147 147 150 148 143 19 Old towns 162 156 153 146 140 139 139 142 181 130 4 Military towns . 161 159 151 141 129 185 139 140 123 124 12 Other military places . 146 139 132 127 118 122 124 123 119 121 7 Kesidential (with asy-) liims) / 9 Residential (Brighton,! Bath, &c.) . . . (■ 198 182 174 154 138 141 145 148 136 130 158 155 149 138 130 124 126 129 122 120 3 Residential (special) 149 139 122 114 107 104 105 104 100 105 13 „ (other) . . 120 121 116 111 107 101 103 106 104 105 6 Rural groups (residen-"l tial) j 3 Rural groups (Wilts, &c.) 111 112 112 108 105 105 105 107 106 107 112 114 110 109 105 102 106 108 106 108 3 „ „ (Norfolk,) &c.) / 6 Rural groups (Welsh) . 97 96 97 98 99 101 99 98 97 98 120 121 119 121 118 118 113 118 111 112 6 „ ,, (Northern) 115 117 116 116 115 118 117 115 115 113 England's Recent Progress. 51 Index Numbers op Mortality 1891-1900 of Males. Index numbers at age 10 Large towns 22 Towns (textile manufactur- ing) 7 Industrial (Middlesbro', &c.) 6 „ (Wolverhampton, &c 12 ,, (Southampton, &c.) 9 Colliery districts . 19 Old towns 4 Military towns 12 Other military places 7 Residential (with asylums) 9 „ (Brighton, Bath, &c.) 3 ,, (special) . 13 ,, (other) . . 6 Rural groups (residential) 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.] 6 „ (Welsh) 6 ,, (Northern). 167 159 127 136 132 1.34 148 145 135 178 147 157 110 101 102 92 118 104 50. 5.5. 60. 177 174 166 177 180 180 133 140 143 150 160 155 138 137 130 146 150 151 151 151 147 161 142 136 138 138 127 179 169 154 154 147 140 144 127 123 112 110 113 103 104 107 105 105 109 93 92 95 125 123 123 112 114 115 161 176 145 154 130 149 143 130 122 147 136 111 110 108 109 100 122 116 Successive Kates. Increase or Decrease. 10 18 6 14 6 I 12 3 16 3 1 7 13 2 2 3 1 7 50- 5.5- 55. 60. 3 i 8 3 7 3 10 5 I 7 4 1 4 19 6 II 10 15 7 7 17 4 2 3 j 1 3 1 4 I 3 2 2 1 2 4 6 5 7 4 12 3 Index Numbers op Mortality 1891-1900 op Females. Successive Rates. Index lumbers at age— Increase or Decrease. 45. 140 50. 55. GO. 65. 4.5- 50. 50- 55. 5.5- 60. 60- 65. 10 Large towns 153 159 145 147 13 6 14 2 22 Towns (textile manufactur-( ing) / 7 Industrial (Middlesbro', &c.) 133 151 163 162 164 18 12 I 2 126 131 139 134 139 5 8 ,S 5 6 ,, (Wolverhampton, &c.) 132 142 152 147 148 10 10 .s 1 12 ,, (Southampton, &c.) . 109 115 119 114 117 6 4 s 3 9 Colliery districts .... 140 147 152 148 148 7 5 4 19 Old towns 127 132 137 131 133 5 5 6 2 4 Military towns .... 122 129 132 128 128 7 3 4 12 Other military places 106 111 117 111 111 5 6 6 7 Residential (with asylums) . 134 138 141 135 136 4 3 6 1 9 ,, (Brighton, Bath, &c.) 112 122 127 118 119 10 5 9 1 3 ,, (special) . 98 99 99 94 96 1 .S 2 13 ,, (others) . . . 91 97 102 101 103 6 5 I 2 6 Rural groups (residential) 91 96 102 103 108 5 6 1 5 3 ,, (Wilts. &c.) 92 98 103 107 111 6 5 4 4 3 ,, (Norfolk, Ac.) . 92 94 95 94 100 2 1 I 6 6 „ (Welsh) . . . 115 118 118 116 120 3 2 4 6 ,, (Northern) . 105 107 113 115 117 2 6 2 2 E 2 52 EngJatKV.'i Beccnf Progress. The mortality at apfo 0-15 is not shown in the Tallies just given, hut the index nunihers were as follows : — Females. 10 9 7 •1 19 12 89 Industrial (Wolverhampton, &c.) Textile manufacturing places Large towns Colliery districts Industrial (Middlcsbro', &.c.) ^Military towns Old towns Industrial (Southampton, &c 9 Kesidential (Brighton, &c.) 6 Rural (North) .... 7 Residential (with asylums) 6 Rural (Wales, &c.) " . . 12 Military (other places) 3 Rural (East) .... 13 Residential (other) 3 „ (special) . 3 Rural (South-West) . . 6 ,, (residential). 3 Miscellaneous .... 71 Males. 163 160 153 152 145 132 130 122 119 105 103 102 101 97 96 92 90 87 85 Females. 163 159 158 155 147 134 130 124 119 105 102 102 102 94 96 91 87 86 89 In 1891-1900 the extreme cases were as under 89 districts of comparatively high mortality : — first, amongst the HIGHEST. 1891-00. LOWEST. j 1S91 -00. Males. Females. Males. Females. Preston . i 190 194 Rugby 89 84 Potteries .... . 181 184 Stafford . . . . . 1 101 106 Oldham . ! 179 178 Swindou . . . . . ] 101 102 Manchester .... . 178 184 Tilbury . 1 101 110 Burnley 176 177 Wellingborough . . ! 107 109 Sheffield .... 175 180 Wharfedale 110 105 Blackburn .... 175 171 Chester 112 120 Dewsburv .... 175 169 Reading . . . . 113 114 Stockport .... 174 172 Oxford . 1 114 106 Ashton-under-Lyue 173 177 MiUom . i 114 113 Liverpool .... 172 181 Luton . 1 114 115 Leeds 171 172 Southampton . . i 115 120 And next, among the other 71 districts and groups : — HIGHEST. 1891-00. 1891-00. Males. Females. Males. Females. Blackpool Morecambe Southport Brighton Scarborough .... 133 131 125 125 123 128 134 123 128 120 Easthampstead ... 73 Godstone 74 Sussex 79 Reigate ' 79 Wilts and Dorset ... 80 77 64 78 79 78 England's Becent Pi'ogress. 53 Canterbury Lancashire and Cheshire Thanet Sheerness . . . . . Llandudno Farnham Dover Cheltenham . . . . Harrogate Carnarvon 189] -00. 1 Males. •Females. 120 127 118 124 107 122 112 121 118 107 115 117 114 113 107 114 111 114 107 113 LOWEST. 1891-OU. Devon . Hants and Berks Brentwood . Isle of Wight ]\Ialvern Watford . Heme Bay. Cromer . Essex and Herts Gloucester and Somerset Males. Females. 80 91 82 82 82 87 85 79 87 77 87 85 87 85 87 87 87 86 87 SG I need hardly repeat that I attach little value to the figures for Blackpool, Morecamhe, Southport, Brighton, Scarborough and other residential places. Those for Canterbury, Sheerness, Farnham and Dover are more likely to represent facts, and those for the rural parts of Lancashire and Cheshire I think may be trusted. The following Table shows the proportion as l^etween death rates of males and females in 1891-1900 at certain ages : — • 3 Residential (Bourne mouth, &c.) . 7 Residential (with asy lums) .... 9 Residential (Brighton &c.) 4 Military towns . 12 Other military places 12 Industrial (Southamp ton, &c.) ... 13 Residential (other). 22 Textile mauufacturin; places 10 Large towns 19 Old towns . . . G Industrial (Wolver hampton, &c.) . 7 Industrial (]\Iiddlesbro') 9 Colliery districts 133 3 Rural (Wilts, &c.) . 6 ,, (residential) . G „ (Wales, &c.). 6 ,, (Northern) . 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) 24 Death rate. Males. Females. 14-3 lG-2 13-4 13-2 12-3 12-0 10-0 14-5 15-2 13-5 12-4 11-G 12-2 8-3 11-4 9-5 10-4 9-0 9-3 7'7 11-3 11-9 10-8 11-2 10-7 11-9 As 100 to 58 Death rate. Males. Females. 16-3 70 20-0 17-2 18-0 15-4 15-5 12-6 19-8 19-8 16-9 lG-8 14-9 16-3 11-8 11-5 14-0 12-5 10-4 9-8 13-7 12-1 12-8 11-0 11-4 9-G 15-0 15-2 13-1 14-1 13-0 14-G 9-7 9-5 11-7 10-G 9-3 As 100* to Death rate. Males. Females. 18-6 12-3 24-7 17-5 21-5 15-8 20-8 lG-4 20-1 14-5 20-0 14-8 lG-1 12-6 26-3 20-2 25-5 19-7 22-1 17-0 23-3 18-9 20-5 17-2 21-9 18-8 15-3 12-8 15-2 12-7 18-0 14-G IG-G 14-0 13-4 11-8 As 100 to GG 79 72 74 78 77 77 77 81 84 86 * The lifiui't's are raiiki-iJ accoidiiiir ti< \W\v nia^nitiiilc in this cnhiiiiii. 54 ]\)t jhiinVs Recent Prof/re. nialr diMlli ralr is c-oin[):irati\rly lii;4li in p'.acTs wIkmo male lunatics ami invalids are niuneroiis, and next in niiiitai-y places. It is lowest, comparatively, in the colliery districts, the Middleshro' group of industrial districts, and the eastern and northern rural groups. Mortality at Ages 15-45. Whilst at the higher ages, the teu groups may he classed thus : — Highest mortality.— Textile, large towns, industrial (Wolverhampton group), and colliery districts. Medium. — Old towns, industrial (Middleshro' group), and so far as concerns males, the Brighton group. Lowest. — Industrial (Southampton group), military places other than four towns, residential (thirteen " other " places), and for females, the Brighton group. The same classification wnll hardly be correct at ages 15-45, being the ages of greatest movement of population. We may divide this period into ages 15-30 and 30-45, and tabulate the results for the majority of the groups as follows : — 1891-00. MALES. 22 Towns (textile manufactures) . 10 Large towns 6 Industrial (Wolverhampton, &c.) 9 Colliery districts 19 Old to\ras 7 Industrial (Middleshro', &c.) 9 Residential (Brighton, &c.) . 12 Industrial (Southampton, &e.) . 12 ^Military places (other) . 13 Residential (other) .... 6 Rural groups (Welsh) 6 ,, (Northern 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) 6 ,, (residential) 3 .. (Norfolk, &2. 15— 4-3 4-1 3-7 4-5 3-8 3' 3' 3 3 3 3-8 3-3 3-1 8-0 3-2 3-3 2-8 2-7 2-5 2-6 4-2 8-2 3-4 2-9 3-1 Here the largest towns show rates little above, and in some cases below, those in the W^elsh rural area. The lowering of the death rates in the second decennium is very striking and general. The three excepted groups stood thus : — MALES. 7 Residential places (with asylums) 4 Military towns 3 Residential (special) .... 15— 20— ^2.5— 3-5 3-8 3-2 4-3 4-7 5-0 6-3 6-1 7-9 3-1 8-1 3-4 3-7 4-1 4-8 25— 5-5 5-5 7-6 EiiglancVf; Recent Progresfi. 55 At tlie next hii>lier ages the figures- were : — 22 Towns (textile manufactures) 10 Large towns G Industrial (Wolverhampton, &c 9 Colliery districts .... 19 Old towns 7 Industrial (Middlesbro', &c.) 9 Residential (Brighton, &c.) . 12 Industrial (Southampton, &c.) 12 Military places (other) . 13 Residential (other) 30— 6 Rural groups (Welsh) 6 „ (Northern) 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) . 6 ., (residential) . 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.). •2 6- •9 G- •5 5- •4 6- •0 6- •5 5- •8 7- •5 6- •8 5- ■2 5- •5 G- •6 5- •6 5- ■4 5- •G 5- 9-6 9-6 8-0 7-5 7-2 7-2 G-5 Here the old towns and the Brighton group stand out unfavourably, and the rural death rates are mostly at the bottom of the scale, but the Welsh figures are exceptional. The three other groups are shown below, and attention is asked to the very high ratios in the three " special " residential districts : — MALES. 1881-90. 1891-00. 30— 35— 40— 30— 35— 40- 7 Residential places (with asylums) . 4 Military towns 3 Residential (special) 9-0 7-7 10-6 11-5 15-0 9-5 12-5 12-1 ' 13-0 7-6 6-6 9-7 9-5 8-1 10-7 12-7 10-6 12-4 The figures for females will be rather different, viz. : — FEMALES. 22 Towns (textile manufactures) 10 Large towns 6 Industrial (Wolverhampton, &c 9 Colliery districts .... 19 Old towns 7 Industrial (Middlesbro', &c.) 9 Residential (Brighton, &c.) . 12 Industrial (Southampton, &c.) 12 ]\Iilitary places (other) . 13 Residential (other) 6 Rural groups (Welsh) G ,, (Northern) 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) 6 ,, (residential) 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) 1881-90. 4-3 3-8 3' 4' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3- 3' 4-3 3-7 3-5 3-4 3-8 5-1 4-G 4-4 3-9 4-5 25— 15— 6-5 3-6 5-1 3-2 5-7 31 G-8 3-6 5-6 3-1 6-1 3-3 4-6 3-0 5-3 2-9 4-9 2-9 4-5 2-8 6-4 3-7 G-0 3-0 5-5 3-0 5-2 2-8 5-8 30 4-3 3-G 3-5 3-2 3-5 5-5 4-7 4-4 4-1 4-G 5(1 E/KjlaniV.'i liccfiit Profjrcfi/i. The larf^e towns here sliow comparatively low death rates, having regard to the mortality experienced at lower and higher ages, and for an obvious reason, since many healthy women resort there from the rural districts and return to their original homes if their health fails. The Brighton and " other" residential groups are influenced by similar facts. The three other groups are shown below : — 1881 -9U. 1891-00. 15— 20— 25— '■ 15— 20— 25— 7 Residential places (with asylums) . 4 Jlilitary towns 3 Residential (special) 3-G 4-2 3-3 4-3 4-4 3-9 5-5 3-1 5-2 3-4 5-1 3-1 3-6 4-8 3-7 4-8 3-8 4-6 Then we have the figures at ages 30-45 FEMALES. 22 Towns (textile manufactures) . 10 Large towns 6 Industrial (Wolverhamptou, &c.) 9 Colliery districts . 19 Old towns 7 Industrial (Middlesbro', &c.) 9 Residential (Brighton, &e.) 12 Industrial (Southampton, &c 12 Military places (other) . 13 Residential (other) G Rural groups (Welsh) G ,, (Northern) 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) 6 ,, (residential) 3 „ (Norfolk, &e. ISSl-Dtl. 1891-011. 30— 35— 40- 30— 35— 7-4 8-5 10-2 G-2 7-4 6-5 8-1 10-3 5-2 6-8 6-9 8-1 9-6 5-8 7-2 1 8-1 9-3 10-8 6-7 8-1 I G-8 8-2 9-8 5-7 7-0 i 7-1 8-2 9-4 5-8 7-0 5-7 7-0 8-5 4-6 5-7 G-4 7-6 8-7 5-2 6-1 G-0 7-2 8-6 4-8 5-7 5-3 6-4 7-2 4-4 5-1 7'7 8-6 9-3 6-6 7-5 G-9 7-8 8-8 5-5 G-4 1 6-4 7-1 7-8 5-1 5-G ' 6-0 G-8 7-6 4-8 5-4 ■ G-7 7-3 7-9 5-3 5-8 9-0 9-1 9-1 9-9 8-7 8-5 7-4 7-4 7-1 G-1 8-4 7-4 6-4 6-3 6-6 The lowering of the death rate of females in large towns and residential places, as well as the abnormally higb mortality in Welsh rural districts in both decenniums, is plainly shown in the above Table. In the three other groups the figures stood thus : — FEMALES. 7 Residential places (with asylums) .1 6-9 4 Military towns I 6-6 3 Residential (special) 6-3 1881-90. 1891-00. 3.-.— 40— 30— 35— 8-G 10-1 5-8 7-0 8-0 9-5 5-6 6-8 ; 7-5 7-9 4-9 5-7 ' 40- S-9 8-3 6-8 England^s Becent Progress, 57 Reviewing the ratios of deaths in the three excepted groups, it will be noticed that their mortality is much more exaggerated in the case of males than in that of females. The reader who compares the Tables of death rates at ages 15-45 with those showing the mortality at other ages will do well to bear in mind the fact that the Census enumerations take place towards the end of March, when summer resorts are comparatively empty, and also that a considerable number of the deaths which occur in residential places must be those of visitors. I think he will conclude that, if due allowance be made for such matters and also for deaths in lunatic asylums, there is reason to believe that these places are nearly as healthy as, if not even healthier than, the rural residues.* The four military towns appear to be about as healthy as other old towns. The large towns— those engaged in textile manufactures — some of the industrial places, and the colUery districts show the worst figures, and the " other " military places the best, if we exclude the ratios for residential places as comparatively valueless. The details for individual places are shown in Appendix F. Diagrams. If we revert to the scale and work out diagrams for some interesting places, we have evidence both of the permanency of the leading features of local mortality and the contrast which often exists between male and female conditions. The diagrams refer to the following thirty-nine places :— Large towns . . London (average). ,, (interior and exterior). Manchester, Liverpool. Birmingham. Leeds. Towns (textile) . Oldham. Bochdale. Halifax. Bradford. Towns (industrial) Whitehaven. Barrow-in-Furness. Crewe. Burton-on-Trent. Southampton. Wolverhampton. Redruth. Doncaster. Colliery districts. Durham group. Chesterfield group. Old towns IMilitary places Residential places Rural residues Lincoln. Norwich. Oxford. Camhridge. Exeter. Carlisle. Plymouth. Farnham. Aldershot (North). Weymouth. Bournemouth. Isle of Wight. Hastings. Brighton. Cheltenham. Bath. Yorkshire. Denbigh and Flint. Norfolk and Suffolk. Cornwall. In every case the curves are given for each decennium, and the sexes are shown in separate figures, so that the usual reduction of mortality in middle life and the equally usual correspondence of the two decennial curves as respects their main features may be the more easily seen. Some of the most striking instances of dissimilarity in the rates of mortality of the sexes and persistency in the main features constituting such divergence will be seen to be those of London, Manchester, Liverpool, Southampton, Redruth, Oxford, Plymouth, Bournemoutli, Isle of Wight, Brighton and Bath. * Sej the calculation in Appendix E. r)8 Eni/hiiKV-i lu'coii rrogreaa. ^loUTALlTV AT AuKS 0-15. The loss sustainotl in the decennium before attaining the age 0-15 is not a true death rate, because many of tlie number who survive have been exposed to much less than ten years' risks. But it is a figure which serves very well to represent the comparative death rate, as the same qualifying fact is true of all places alike. One would expect that the percentage of loss of cither sex would be nearly similar (in a certain proportion shown in my scale) ; but, in fact, tliere is greater diversity than might be expected. The index numbers varied thus as between the sexes : — Equal or one point more or less Two or three points ,, Four or five points ,. Six or seven points . ., Eight or more points ,, In 1881-90 In 1891-00 47 53 58 49 24 28 15 11 IG 19 160 160 There are cases where the variation was large and persistent, such as : — Tilbury . Ill m. 122 f. in 1881-90 | Thanet . 113 m. 120 f. in 1881-90 . 101 m. 110 „ 1891-00 I ,, . 107 m. 122 „ 1891-00 These places attract more boys than girls, the former to training ships, the latter to schools, and it is needless to say boys in such places are practically "selected lives." But many of the discrepancies are due to the irregular working of the doctrine of chances in small districts. For example, here are some index numbers at age 0-15 : — Males. Females. Cornwall (nine rural registration distric ;ts) 1881^90 112 119 )) 1891-00 103 98 Rugby .... 1881-90 86 95 ,, 1891-00 89 84 Cambridge 1881-90 1891-00 116 116 133 105 Sheerness 1881-90 1891-00 114 112 101 121 The Eeg strar-General's annual death rates per 1000 for the same districts at age 0-5 compare thus : — 188 L-90. 189 -00. Males. ' Females. Males. Females. Cornwall : — 1 Stratton .... 37 •03 41-51 42-27 .38-30 Camel ford 51 •87 41 •.30 39-28 28-50 Launceston 41 •7G 37^60 39-00 32-43 Liskeard . 46 •13 42-00 42-15 33-36 Bodmin . 52 12 40-73 45-39 35-79 St. Columb 46 42 39-81 42-69 31-72 St. Austell 53 46 47-84 53-85 40-88 Truro 56 42 46-55 45-25 37-10 Scilly Islands 33 06 51-40 34-29 30-11 Rugby . 89 36 33-80 40-73 30-92 Cambridge 51 58 50-34 52-07 40-14 Sheppey (Sheerness) 47 90 .37-03 48-80 43-37 Eiif/IainVs Hcccnt Progress. r)9 These figures seem to prove that it is not easy to predict mortahty in small districts even on an average of ten years, and, therefore, that we must be extremely careful how we draw conclusions from the mortality in any particular year, even if the district be much larger. However, the fluctuation apparently due to chance seems to affect at the age 0-15 little more than one district in ten to the extent of eight points. Taking another method of gauging the variations of male and female mortality in single registration districts at age 0-5, we abstract the following data from the Decennial Eeport for 1891-1900 (excluding London and Middlesex and the Welsh division) : — 218 Districts separately dealt with. 329 Districts, being- rural residues. The Male annual death rate was per thousand Excess of Male death rate at age 0-5 per thousand. Female rate Female rate No. of Dis- tricts. 25 and under 35. 35 and under 45. 45 and under 55. 55 and under 65. under 80 per cent. 80 to 86. over 85 per cent. under 80 per cent. 80 to 85. over 85 per cent. 65 and up- wards. 14 and upwards 7 11 18 31 3 7 6 15 11 and under 14 12 36 8 22 78 11 17 11 39 8 „ „ 11 18 44 28 90 24 204 17 83 52 30 22 5 „ „ 8 1 24 19 26 64 19 153 31 89 24 3 2 „ „ 5 .. 8 1 54 63 35 20 7 1 under 2 - 2 ■■ 16 18 15 3 Totals . . 38 115 65 151 89 89 547 98 209 107 54 79 As might be expected, the range of variation is greatest in the thinly peopled rural registration districts. The districts of low mortality show the closest approximation of the death rates of females to those of males ; but whilst about half the towns separately dealt with gave a medium death rate of females, equal to from 80 to 85 per cent, of that of males, less than three-tenths of the rural districts came within that medium range. Marriages. It is by no means an easy matter to arrive at a reliable measure of the tendency towards marriage in particular populations. The proportion of unmarried men at ages 20-35 to total population is sufficiently variable to deprive of all value a simple ratio of marriages to population. The proportion of unmarried young women also varies very much, and so little do the statistics for the two sexes correspond, that the ratio of unmarried women to 100 unmarried men at 20-35 is sometimes as low as 60 and rises as liigh as 249, even within the limits of the County of London. In England and Wales taken as a whole, th(! iiunil)ors of men and women, married and single, were as over at tlic last three Censuses : — CO EiuihuuVa Ticveut Prorira^n. i->i. Per 1>!H, lIMIl. MALES. Htr Per Tut;il. siiiirlc. IVIlt. T..t,- \. 1 Siii'^'li'. tent. Total. Siiiu e. 1 cent. Single. ! Single. 2,108 Siiijrle. 20-85 . 2.933.8911 .441,751 49-1 1 3.336,3561,720,462 51-6 1 '3,958,598 854 53-3 35^5 . 1.417.895 195.427 13-8 1,611 077 236.227 14-7 ;i. 931. 943 306 001 15-8 45-55 . 1.033. 266 99,498 9-6 1.191 789 119.037 10-0 1,396,209 154 118: 11-0 55-G5 . 72-2.553 59.865 8-3 ! 770 124 64.983 8-4 ; 907.945 80 494 8-9 FEMALES i 20-35 . 3.187.7961 .385.104 43-5 3.687 7841.727,040 46-8 '4,418.164 2,137 716i 48-4 35-45 . 1.522.858 233.820 15-4 1,717 729 282.449 16-4 2.064,062 382 468 18-5 45-55 . 1,140,180 136.080 11-9 ;i,305 085 161,962 12-4 ■1,505,982 205 176 13-0 55-65 . 811.533 88,401 10-9 1 886 1 879 97.752 11-0 !l, 035, 305 1 121 038 11-7 Ou consideratiou of these figures I think the pi-oportiou of men found to be in the married state at the age 45-55 is a fair measure of the general tendency to marry, though the force of that tendency may lessen or increase with the course of events, and therefore the annual numbers of marriages must also be studied. The national figures point to a moderate falling off in the proportions of persons married. The proportion found to be unmarried seems to have increased by a little less than one-twelfth in twenty years, I mean that of those men and women who remain unmarried to the end of their lives. Marriages also take place a little later. If we compare the numbers of marriages with those of unmarried men (including widowers) aged 20-35, the difficulty arises that certain classes of bachelors appear to be less able to marry than others. A familiar example is that of soldiers ; but I think sailors, whether in the navy or merchant service, are less likely to be married than the average man, and masses of men engaged in rude labour, such as the construction of railways, canals and reservoirs, dock labourers, &c., show in many cases rather full proportions of bachelors. An enormous proportion of the patients in lunatic asylums are bachelors. Again, it would seem that a considerable number of marriages are celebrated at a distance from the future home of the couple ; owing to this circumstance, the marriage rate in unprosperous districts is sure to be over- stated, whilst in the more progressive districts it is understated. I do not think it is worth while to calculate the local proportion of marriages to the number of single women aged 20-35. Although some of the disturbing causes already referred to affect women much less than men, there are others peculiar to women, especially the xexy unequal proportions of female domestic servants in different places. The cotton manufacturing towns attract many more young women than young men. Although there is nothing to prevent either a domestic servant or the employe at a cotton mill from marrying, experience demonstrates that where such young persons are very numerous, the marriage rate calculated on the number of spinsters is always low. The following Table with reference to the County of London, founded on the decennial Census returns, may be interesting : — England's Eecent Progress. 61 At age 20-35. Boroughs. Kensington . Paddington . Hampstead . Chelsea St. Marylebone *Lewishain . *Hackuey Stoke Newingtou Wandsworth Battersea Camberwell . Fulham Hammersmith London City Westminster City Holborn Finsbury Lambeth Islington *Greenwich and Deptford St. Pancras . f Bethnal Green Shoreditch . fSouthwark . Bermondsey Poplar Stepney *Wool\vich . Marriages in 1901 to every 100. Bachelors. Spinsters. 15-2 6-1 13-9 8-5 10-4 4-2 12-5 7-5 13-0 8-1 10-0 7-2 11-0 8-5 12-1 9-5 12-5 11-5 13-7 12-5 11-3 10-7 11-5 11-0 12-7 12-2 11-1 11-7 11-1 12-6 (a) Founded on average maniages in 1880 and 1881. (b) „ ,, ,, 1890, 1891 and 1892. * Lewisliam, Greenwicli (with Deptford), Hackney and Woolwich are here represented by the registration districts of the same name, wliich do not exactly correspond with tlie Boroughs mentioned. Tlie military in M^oolwich naturally swell the numbers of bachelors. lu the County of Loudon the ratios of marriages were — 14-3 per hundred bachelors in 1881. I 11-3 per hundred bachelors in 1901. 13-3 „ „ „ 1891. I lU- 7 per 100 spinsters in 1901. the few widowed being always included with the bachelors and spinsters. t In Bethnal Green and Southwark, and possibly in some other places, marriages were rendcied more numerous through a lowering of church fees. Hence also a depression in the numlmrs of marriages in adjacent districts such as Bermond.sey. The proportions of single (and widowed) women aged 20-35 to 100 single (and widowed) men in groups of counties were as follows at the dates of the last three Census enumerations. The groups are arranged in the order of the proportions of women in 1901 : — Sussex ...... Gloucester and Somerset Carmarthen, Pembroke and Cardigan Cornwall ..... Bucks and Oxford .... Single Women to 100 single Men, age 20-35. 1881. 126-0 133-9 127 -G 122-5 106-1 1891. 147-7 135-9 129-8 121-6 105-4 1901. 151-3 1.34-0 122-2 115-8 111-9 &2 E»ijil(i lid's I\i'i-nif Progress. Single Women to lUO si iij,'lo Mi-n, — ase 20-35. 1881. 1891. 1901. Pevon ......... 119-7 118-4 Ill 2 London, Middlesex, Herts, Essex, Kent and Surrey 108 2 110 3 109 7 Carnarvon and An,i;lesoy ..... 95 4 113 1 108 3 Norfolk and SulTolk .... 103 5 104 7 107 3 Lancashire and Cheshire 99 7 104 4 106 1 Cumberland and Westmoreland 84 1 92 6 103 9 Northampton, Bedford, Hunts and Cambridge 101 6 102 2 103 8 Hants and Berks ..... 89 2 98 3 100 9 Leicester, Notts and Derbv 91 8 98 9 99 Stafford, Worcester and Warwick . 92 3 96 7 97 2 York 90 8 96 97 Salop and Hereford .... 87 7 98 96 9 Lincoln and Rutland .... 82 4 92 5 93 4 Moatgomerv, Radnor and Merioneth 76 4 97 5 92 9 Wilts and Dorset ..... 96 6 97 2 91 8 74 3 79 9 81 9 Durham and Northumberland 66 2 72 7 76 6 Glamorgan, ^Monmouth and Brecon . 64-3 6S-8 65-4 England and Wales ...... 98-0 101-8 102-5 It is easily perceived that the mining places show most bachelors (and therefore low proportions of spinsters), the residential counties and Cornwall (from so many Cornishmen being engaged in mining abroad) occupying the opposite position. I think no more need be said on this subject. The proportions of marriages to 100 males (bachelors and widowers), aged 20-35, are now shown for the same groups of counties : — 1881. 1891. 1901. Leicester, Notts and Derby ..... 15-1 14-7 13-8 Gloucester and Somerset. ..... 15 7 15 13 7 Norfolk and Suffolk ...... 15 4 13 6 13 5 Stafford, \Yorcester and Warwick .... 14 4 14 6 13 2 Northampton, Bedford, Hunts and Cambridge. 14 1 13 6 12 9 Lincoln and Rutland ...... 12 1 13 1 12 8 Bucks and Oxford ....... 13 12 1 12 6 Sussex ......... 12 7 12 3 12 5 York 13 6 13 4 12 3 Durham and Northumberland ..... 13 1 12 7 12 2 Lancashire and Cheshire. ..... 14 13 3 12 1 Carmarthen, Pembroke and Cardigan 12 4 12 4 11 8 London, Middlesex, Herts, Essex, Surrey and Kent . 13 4 12 3 11 8 Devon ......... 14 4 13 1 11 7 Cornwall ........ 12 6 12 2 11 4 Glamorgan, Monmouth and Brecon. 12 4 11 9 11 4 Cumberland and Westmoreland .... 10 8 10 6 11 2 Wilts and Dorset ....... 12 3 11 7 11 Hants and Berks ....... 11 6 11 10 9 Salop and Hereford ...... 9 7 10 6 10 6 Carnarvon and Anglesey ...... 10 6 10 9 10 1 Denbigh and Flint ....... 9 7 10 8 9 9 Montgomery, Radnor and Merioneth 8-3 9-7 9-4 England and Wales ...... 13-5 12-9 12-2 EnglaruVs Becent Progress. 63 Marriages far from the Future Home. I shall presently deal with the local figures, but will first revert to the marriages which are celebrated at a distance from the future home of the married couple. These can only be arrived at conjecturally, but I think figures worked out in the manner presently to be described are worth having. The bulk of the women returned as being mai-ried, at ages up to 35, must have been included amongst those who were married in the preceding ten years. It is found that the numbers of marriages compared thus at three successive Censuses with the numbers returned as married : — In 1881 In 1891 In 1901 Married Women counted under 35. 1,778,237 1,936,890 2,254,299 In 1871-80 . In 1881-90 . In 1891-1900 Marriages in ten preceding years. 1,960,543 2,047,428 2,394,105 The counted numbers equalled : — In 1881 . . . 90-7 per cent, of the preceding 10 years' marriages In 1891 In 1901 94-6 94-16 Where the numbers of married women counted fall below the average proportions shown above, this may be due to (a) late marriages ; (b) migration after marriage ; or (c) departure of wife at the time of marriage. The second and third causes are likely to affect places which differ in prosperity, and also those which show specially few or many ehgible brides. The differences work out as shown on page 64, in groups of entire registration counties. If we assume, as I think we may, that the young women who immi- grate into the Durham colliery district are nearly all wives brought from a distance, a Table may be constructed, showing the probable movement of population in Durham and Northumberland, as subjoined, together with a like Table with reference to the Carmarthen, Pembroke and Cardigan group of counties. It will be seen that the net gain of wives in the colUery group does not exceed 4,481 at the age 20-25, if we disregard losses by migration at higher ages ; whilst the net loss in the Carmarthen group up to age 45 was about 200(3. But the following Table, which shows how much higher is the marriage rate in Durham compared with that in Carmarthen (especially among young women), will account for the reduction of apparent gains in the one case and losses in the other : — Age at end Durham. Carmarthen. of Decennium. Single. 1891. Married in next 10 years. Per cent. Single, 1891. Married in ne.xt W years. Per cent. 20-25. . . . i 88.006 25-35. . . . 119,070 35-45. ..." 26,259 45-55. . . . 1 8.541 31,000 80,500 11,000 1,300 35-2 16,397 67-6 25,861 41-9 9,417 15-2 3,905 3,346 11,187 3,248 623 20-4 43-3 34-5 16-0 As marriages take place so much later in the Carmarthen group, it could not be expected that a lull proportion of wives marriod in 1891-1900 would be counted at the age 20-35. 64 EnglancVfi JReccnf Pror/ress. .XriKiri lit (Jains of Wives uiiilur 3o. Appart'iit Losses of Wives under 35. 1881. 1891. 11)01. 1881. 1891. 1901. •Durham and Northumberland '1,488 6,913 10,719 Glamorgan, Monmouth audi Brecon / 463 4,798 6,558 Leicester, Notts and Derby 5,047 4,933 4,719 London, Middlesex, Surrey, &c. 16,587 13,179 18,207 York 2,994 5,074 3,965 Stafford, Warwick and Wor-"| cester / 1,709 1,207 2,670 Lancashire and Cheshire . 2,518 2,190 245 Sussex 1,089 274 1,608 Northampton, Bedford, Cam- 1 bridge, &c / 810 1,149 2,024 Hants and Berks 1,171 594 1,208 Denbigh and Flint .... 478 765 678 Norfolk and Suffolk .... 2,517 3,024 4,731 Lincoln and Rutland , 1,207 2,411 3,191 Gloucester and Somerset . 7,483 7,229 6,897 Wilts and Dorset .... .. 1.839 • 2.202 2,761 Cornwall 2,849 2,417 1,997 Bucks and Oxford .... 752 903 2,450 Cumberland and Westmorelaud 1,207 1,724 2,641 Carnarvon and Anglesey 1,023 1,169 1,380 Devon 6,853 6,410 6,015 Salop and Hereford .... 2,076 3,221 4,080 Montgomery, Merioneth, &c. . 1,097 1,600 1,810 tCarmarthen, Pembroke, &c. . 3.513 3,179 3,601 ^Totals . . . 34,895 38,294 47.083 34,875 38,271 47,072 * The proportion expected to be counted should be raised, as marriages here are somewhat earlier than the average ; thus the apparent excess would be reduced. t The proportion expected to be counted should be retluced, as marriages here are rather late ; thus the apparent loss would also be reduced. X The differences between losses and gains arise fiom fiactions. England's Beceiit Progress. 65 Durham and Noethumbebland, Registration Counties — Estimates. Age at end of Decennium. Sinjile Females, lb91. Losses by Gain or Loss by Migration. Single Females, 1901. Death. Marriage. 0-20 20-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65 and upwards . 481,055 88,006 119,070 26,259 8,541 4,668 5,380 1 76,029 4,900 1,600 966 871 2,809 31,000 80,500 11,000 1,300 50 920 3,220 1,310 251 400 51 462,952 36,896 12,349 6,024 3,347 2,622 732,979 87,175 123,850 2,236 524,190 Age at end of Deceunium. ■Widows, 1891. Losses by * Gain by AVidows, Death. Marriage. Widowhood. 1901. 0-20 20-25 . . . . . 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65 and upwards . 271 2,526 5,864 9,840 30,399 7 100 400 1,127 2,689 19,241 615 1,639 5,132 2,504 213 900 4,100 9,400 8,900 7,950 9,261 278 2,632 6,394 11,133 14,888 20,419 48,900 23,564 10,103 40,511 55,744 Age at end Married Women, 1891. Losses by Gain by Marriage. Gain or Loss by Migration. Married Decennium. Death. Widowhood. 1901. 0-20 . . . 20-25 . . . 25-35 . . . 35-45 . . . 45-55 . . . 55-65 . . . 65 and upwards 30 ,'506 82,075 66,176 44,264 32,259 1 858 4,100 7,566 7,912 7,847 13,026 900 4,100 9,400 8,900 7,950 9,261 31,615 82,139 16,132 3,804 263 4,481 2,045 266 48 840 730 34,338 102,400 80,975 53,216 27,890 10,702 2.55,280 41,309 40,511 133,953t 2,108 309,521 * No estimate can be arrived at as to Losses or Gains of widows by migration : tlieiefoie the difference is wholly attributed to this column, t True number, 133,830. 6G EnijlaiHV.'i licccnt Progress. I'AKMAinHKN. rKMI^UOKF. .XNl) CaRI)IG.\N — ESTIMATES. 133.688 12,558 18,404 8,669 Ase at end of Single Females, Losses by Gain (IV Loss by Single Females, Decenniuiu. 1891. Death. Marriage. Migration. 1901. 0-20 20-25 72,382 16,397 1 8,008 3,346 3-484 73.341 25-35 25.861 1,120 11,187 3-540 10,014 35-45 9,417 560 3,248 1,007 4,602 45-55 3.905 370 623 283 2.629 55-65 2,453 350 245 1,858 65 and upwards . 3,223 1,550 no 1,563 94,007 Age at end of Decennium. Widows, 1891. Losses by Gain by Gain* or Widows, Death. ' Marriage. Widowhood.; ^---;^^^ 1901. 0-20 .... 20-25 . . 25-35 .... 35-45 .... 45-55 .... 55-65 .... 65 and upwards "28 444 1,172 2,232 9,547 12 1 320 70 479 180 j 332 480 20 5,820 60 630 ! 1,170 1,350 \ 1,515 2,480 13 326 1,065 2,010 3,247 6,207 13,423 6,562 1,198 7,205 ■■ 12,868 Age at end of Married Women, Losses by Gain by Gain or Loss by Married Women, Marri^e. Decennium. 1891. Death. Widowhood. Migration. 19U1. 0-20 .... 20-25 .... \ 50 60 3,393 600 2,683 25-35 .... 2,710 562 630 11,507 800 12,225 35-45 .... 11,538 1,039 1,170 3,727 600 12,456 45-55 .... 11,424 1,209 1,350 955 9,820 55-65 .... 9,427 1,440 1,515 20 90 6,402 65 and upwards 9,924 3,960 2,480 42 3,442 45,023 8,260 7,205 19,602t 2,132 47,028 • The migrations of widows are assumed to be exactly balanced, t True number, 19,646. EiiglancVs Recent Progress. 67 At the age 45-55 single women were to married, excluding widows (by the 1901 Census) — As 11 • 3 to 100 in Durham group. As 26-8 to 100 in Carmarthen group. The marriages contracted by Durham men in ten years must be augmented from 133,836 to about 138,200, and those entered into by Carmarthen men must be reduced from 19,646 to about 17,646. The resulting average annual ratios per 100 unmarried men and widowers aged 20-35 would be — 12-44 per cent, in Durham, 10 '50 per cent, in Carmarthen, figures which will presently be seen to be entirely consistent with probability. We come at last to the conclusion that the figures on page 64 represent considerably more than the facts, but are useful as indicating the general lines of an actual movement. We cannot follow out this enquiry in the 160 towns and country groups for the year 1901, as the figures for civil condition in registration counties and large boroughs are alone available. The details given for administrative counties and for the large urban districts can hardly be used in connection with the Registrar-General's returns for registration districts. These statistics should certainly be co-ordinated. Meantime I can give the following small summary, subject to the same remarks as apply to the Table on page 64 : — Wives aged under 35. Per cent, on Estimated Totals. 1881. Apparent 1891. Apparent 1881. 1891. Gain. Loss. Gain. Loss. Gain. Loss. Gain. Loss. Large towns . 8,641 11,038 1-3 1-5 CoUiery districts 19,314 28,516 9-4 11-7 Industrial districts 6,435 5,866 5-4 4-4 Textile districts 1,669 2,766 0-9 1-4 Old towns .... 5,481 .. 6,909 6-4 7-5 Military places . 4,374 .. 3,224 7-7 51 Residential places 1,500 2,248 1-7 2-3 Agricultural residues . 21,871 30,764 5-6 8-0 Miscellaneous places . 475 34,865 •• 514 21-4 210 34,845 45,934 45,911 The persistency of the figures at successive Census enumerations especially points to early marriages being more numerous in some places than in others. Details are given in Appendix H, and wall be the more interesting as the above Table discloses tendencies which could only be very obscurely made out from the County Table previously given. 1-^ C8 Efigland's Becent Progress. Mahri.vges Generally. Turuiug now to the proportions of men aged 45-55 who are returned as remaining single, we liud it necessary in the first place to exclude certain places Nvhere there are County asylums for lunatics, 31 in number. Asylums in the Metropolis and largest towns are not regarded, as these really serve almost exclusively the places where they are situate. We can then form the following Table : — Cuunty Groups. Totals. Excluded. lUttios of Bachelors. Lancashire, Stafford Yorkshire and and Korth. Leicestei'. 1 Wales and Border. Metropolis and South. I West. East. Rural Residues of Counties. Places with Lunatic Asylums. Towxj 11 '2 and up- ( wards . ( 9-7 to 11-1 !, Lkdustrial PL4.C 1 5 5 3 ;es and ■ 1 1 COLLIER-S 1 1 Districts 1 1 1 8 12 12 8 4 8 7 10 3 2 2 2 : 1 20 8-4 to 9-6 . 7-4 to 8-3 . Under 7 • 4 . 9 3 9 1 10 2 i 1 •• 2 1 3 3 '3 18 19 9 46 2 2 20 14 2 4 6 Reside: 11 -2 and up- 1 wards . / 9-7 to 11-1 s-TiAL, Military ai 1 1 sD MiSC 1 ELLANEOU 7 8 s Dis 1 IRICTS 9 10 9 3 2 1 15* 1 19 8-4 to 9-6 . 7-4 to 8-3 . Under 7'4 . 2 7 2 5 1 1 1 i 15 3 2 20 2 9 7 \ 2 * Nine of these were military places. This Table is based on the figures for 1891, as there are no materials for such a Table in the Census publications for 1901. The reader will note the high proportions of bachelors in the rural residues of counties ; also the numerous instances of high ratios in the North and South, few in comparison appearing in the other fom* divisions. Then there are numerous low ratios in the Midland manufacturing districts. The totals with low ratios are — Towns and industrial places 4G out of GG. Residential places, military, &c., 20 out of 39. England's Recent Progress. 69 To make the nature of the Table clearer, the details of places under the title " Metropolis and South," are given below : — Ratio of Ratio of Bachelors. Bachelors. Towns, Industrial places, &c. — • Residential, Military, &c. — continued. Tilbury 12-8 Worthing . . 10 5 London 9-7 Windsor 10 4 Reading 8-9 Sheerness . 10 4 Southampton 8-4 Dover. 10 3 Aldershot (North) 10 Residential, Military, &c. — Eastbourne . 10 Southend . 12-9 Thanet 9 4 Reigate 12-9 Heme Bay . 9 3 Folkestone . 12-8 Hastings 9 2 Maidenhead 12-8 Isle of Wight 8 8 Canterbury . 11-9 Timbridge . 8 8 Deal . 11-9 Clacton 8 6 Farnham . 11-8 Bournemouth 8 4 Chatham . 10-6 Colchester . 8 3 Brighton . 10-5 Staines 8-1 The proportions in the r ural resid aes were : — Sussex 11-9 Essex and Herts . . . 10-5 Kent and Surrey 11-7 Bucks and Oxford . . 10-4 Hants and Berks 11-0 The following Tables wi 1 illustrat e the position more fully :^ Bachelors to 100 men aged 45-55. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1901. Wales and Border : Separated places 10-7 ll-9\ 13-Of 11-8 12-5 14-1 ,, ,, Rural residues 12-6 Lancashire, York and North : Separated places 9-0 9-7\ 14-7/ 9-6 10-2 11-3 ,, ,, Rural residues 14-1 Metropolis and South : Separated places 9-8 9-9\ 11-0/ 10-1 10-1 11-1 ,, „ Rural residues . 11-1 Stafford and Leicester groups : Separated places 8-0 8-41 10-5f 8-5 8-8 9-5 „ „ Rural residues 10-4 Eastern Counties : Separated places 8-5 8-5\ 9-2f 8-7 ,, ,, Rural residues .... 8-8 Western Counties : Separated places ,, ,, Rural residues .... 8-5 9-2 8-41 9-5/ 8-8 8-9 9-9 Towns with textile manufactures Large towns . Old towns Industrial places . Residential places . Colliery districts . Agricultural residues Military places Miscellaneous places Ratio of UnmaiTied Men aged 46-65. The ratios for particular districts are shown in Appendix li, 70 England' a Ticccnt Proqrcss. The following conclusions flow from these figures : — 1. That there is a greater tendency towards marriage in the unprosperous Eastern and Western Counties than in the busy Northern Counties. 2. That in the rural parts of the North and in Wales there is a comparative indisposition to marry. 3. That throughout the country there is a stronger tendency towards marriage in towns and industi'ial centres than in rural districts. 4. That in the Stafford and Leicester groups an inclination to marry is particularly' noticeable in the towns, yet even there it is not much stronger than in the rural counties first referred to. It remains to be said that in the southern group there are many miUtary places, such as Canterbury, Deal, Folkestone (Shorncliffe), Farnham, Aldershot (North), Portsmouth, Chatham, Sheerness and Dover, where bachelors in 1891 exceeded 9' 7 per cent., and these tend to raise the average proportion of bachelors. It is much to be regretted that the details of civil condition in registra- tion districts for 1901 have not been published. This regret will be intensified when we now come to apply locally the other test of the strength of the disposition to marry, viz., the proportion of marriages to each 100 bachelors and widowers aged 20-35. Marriage Rates. We will first take the proportions in various classes of districts in 1881 and 1891, using the averages of marriages in 1880-1882 and 1890-1892 to diminish the effect of casual yearly variations : — Marriages per IOC Unmarried and Widowed — Males, aged 20-35. 18S1. 1891. Towns with textile manufactures 15-4 14-0 Large towns .... 14 6 13 7 Old towns 14 6 13 9 Industrial places 13 5 13 6 Residential places 13 6 12 9 *Collierv districts 12 8 12 7 *Agricultural residues 11 6 11 7 Military places 10 7 9 4 Miscellaneous places 8 •J 8 1 * The figures here shown are those referred to a few pages Ijack as confirmatorj' of my calculations for Durham and Carmarthen. It is quite natm'al that the military and miscellaneous places should rank lowest, as they contain many bachelors who would find it difficult to many. The man-iage rate in the colliery districts is only moderate, and England's JRecenf Progress. 71 would not become absolutely high, if all the couples who come to reside in those districts were added. Between 1881 and 1891 the national ratio (as shown in a previous Table) fell from 13 "5 to 12-9, and in the next ten years it declined to 12 • 2. In the first decennium (as above shown) the falling off was notable in towns (both large and old) in the textile manu- facturing areas, the residential and the military places. Using another mode of measuring the facts we have the following Table :— Marriases per 100 I'nmarried and Widowed Males, aged 20-35. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1901. Wales and Border : Separated places ,, ,, Rural residue . Lancashire, York and North : Separated places „ ,, Rural residues . Metropolis and South : Separated places ,, „ Rural residues . Stafford and Leicester groups : Separated places „ ,, Rural residues . Eastern Counties : Separated places ,, ,, Rural residues . Western Counties : Separated places ,, ,, Rural residues . 12-5 10-1 14-1 10-2 13-4 11-8 15-2 12-2 15-2 13-4 15-9 12-7 12-0\ 10-9f 13-5) 10-3/ 12-31 ii-3r 15-1\ 12-6r 14-41 12-9f 14-31 12-4/ 11-2 13-6 13-1 14-6 14-1 14-3 11-5 13-1 12-2 14-6 13-5 13-4 11-0 12-2 11-8 13-4 13-1 12-3 These figures drive home the lesson that marriage has few terrors for the agricultural labourer in the Eastern and Western counties, but is comparatively avoided by his like in Wales and the North. The Midland manufacturing counties, though on the whole hardly more progressive than the North, show a distinctly higher proportion of marriages, just as they have been seen to show lower proportions of bachelors at 45-55. The importance of the marriage rate as a test of prosperity has, I think, been greatly exaggerated. Where the experience of the same place at different periods showed definite rises and falls in the marriage rate, I think periods of prosperity or adversity might until lately be fairly inferred. In these days, however, when the birth rate is systematically moderated by means to which I need not particularly refer, even this amount of meaning can hardly be given to the figures, whilst in my opinion the absolute marriage rate never had any value as a standard by which to estimate the comparative prosperity of different populations. There has always been a further element, whether of racial peculiarity or long usage, which has hindered any true comparison. All other things being equal, it seems to me that the Stafford, Leicester and Notts men have a stronger tendency to marry than the northern men or the Welsh. So far as concerns the rural populations, I am induced to suppose that the higher wages paid in the North have led to a more expensive standard of hving, and an indisposition to marry if that standard would bo imperilled, whilst in the East and West there is a continual strong tendency towards migra- tion accompanied by a lower standard of living and less thought for the future. In Nottingham and Luton, places where female labour is highly remunerated, there are many marriages to a given number of single men ; and next on the list come Bristol and Yarmouth. 7'2 EnghDid's Beer lit Progrcsf^. If wo classify tho IdO placos under their I'ank fis respects the marriago rate in 181)1 we'cet the lollowiuy- Table : — •Marriage rate.* Wales and Border. Lanca- shire, York and North. Metro- polis and South. Staf- ford, Leices- ter, Ac. West. East. Rural resi- dues of Coun- ties. Mili- tary places. Places with Lunatic Asylum. Totals. Towns, Industbial Places, &c. Under 10-5 . . 3 1 1 1 6 10-5 to 11-8 . . ,. 4 , , 1 3 8 11-9 to 13-0. . "2 2 i 3 '2 6 16 131tol4-2 . . 13 2 1 "2 2 .. 3 23 l-t-3 to 15-3 . . 8 5 1 1 5 15 15' 4 and upwards 5 8 1 2 '.'. 1 17 Resii )EXTIAI . AND IMlLITAI ^Y Pla CES, Rural Residues, &c. Under 10- 5 . " 1 4 11 4 20 10-5 to 11-8 . . 5 i 9 1 G 22 11-9 to 13-0 . . 'i i 4 10 1 1 18 13-1 to 14-2 . . 2 2 "2 i 1 1 9 14-3 to 15-3 . . 1 2 1 4 15 • 4 and upwards 2 2 3 34 1 18 17 11 9 24 13 31 160 * Per 100 unmaiTied and widowed males aged 20-35. The high marriage rates in towns and industrial places and the lower ones in rural and military places, as well as in most of the places where there are County asylums for lunatics, are here seen. The six residential places where really high rates were noted in both decennial periods were Bath, Cheltenham, Scarborough, Brighton, Poole and Thanet. In mihtary places the ratio sometimes falls below 5 per cent. Details are given in Appendix H. Eaely Marriages. The best method of testing tho numbers of early marriages in the several localities seems to me to be, a comparison of the numbers of married people of either sex under 35 years of age with the totals of married women under 65. The standard might almost as reasonably have been the numbers of maiTied men of similar age, who, undoubtedly, constitute the most vital portion of any population, but there are cases where, by the absence of sailors and fishermen from their homes or the presence of unusual numbers of men travelling on business, the standard in question would be perturbed. Bachelors and spinsters cannot form part of the standard, as the masses of soldiers, sailors and domestic servants in particular localities would deprive a standard including these elements of value. England's Recent Progress. 73 The necessary data are contained in the Census Tables for 1891,* but in those for 1901 similar facts are tabulated, not for the several registration districts, but only for the largest urban populations and for county groups of urban and rural districts. The following Tables show the results of working out the figures for 1891. First, as to the numbers of married and widowed people under 35 years of age jj(3r cciit. upon the total of wives under 65 : — Man- ed and Widowed Wives. under 35. 1891. Widows. Males. Females. Under 35. 35— 45— 55— 65 and upwards. Colliery districts .... 39-1 47-1 46-1 26-8 17-9 9-2 3-7 18-4 Large towns . 1 36-5 45-8 44-4 28 5 18-4 8-7 3-5 25-1 Industrial places . 36-2 44-0 43-1 27 5 19-1 10-4 4-7 20-8 Textile places . 37-0 42-6 41-4 28 8 17-6 10-1 3-5 28-8 Military places 32-1 43-0 41-8 27 4 19-4 11-5 6-0 25-3 Old towns . 38-8 41-0 40-0 28 1 20-2 11-7 5-9 24-3 Residential places 80-8 38-4 37-2 28 3 21-5 12-9 7-0 28-7 Miscellaneous . 30-2 36-7 360 29 3 22-2 12-6 7-4 23-0 Rural residues 29-1 35-7 34-9 27-5 22-6 15-0 9-2 25-5 England and Wales 34-7 42-6 41-5 27-6 19-7 10-9 5-2 24-0 Then as to the range of ratios :- Married and Widowed. Married and Widowed. Men under 35. Women under 35. Under 28. 28 and 31 and 34 and 37 and Under 34. 34 and 37 and 40 and 43 and under under under up- under under under up- 31. 34. 37. wards. 37. 40. 43. wards. Colliery districts 9 3 6 4 5 Large towns . 10 5 5 10 Industrial places 25 2 4 4 5 10 4 i 7 13 Textile places 22 8 11 8 4 12 6 Military places . 16 1 4 7 3 1 2 5 4 5 Old towns 19 3 9 3 4 1 7 7 4 Residential places . 82 4 12 12 4 2 11 11 6 2 Miscellaneous 8 2 1 2 1 Rural residues . 24 160 6 13 16 41 1 37 1 4 15 4 33 1 England and Wales . 35 34 6 35 41 45 It will bo remarked that the four groups placed first showed a pre- ponderance of ratios above 34 for males and above 40 for females. The remaining groups showed most ratios under those figures. * There is but a small exception, viz., it is necessary to substitute Ilayfield district for Glossop sub-district, Highworth district for Swindon sub-district. 74 Ev(jlaiid\>a-t-.l \S i,i,)w.s aged \\ivi;s aged 86 and 65 and 35 and 65 and up- waids. 65-<5. up- wards. wards. 65-65. up- wards. Colliery districts — Textile manufac- Durham 18-0 8-9 3-4 turing — Glamorgan 18-0 8-9 3-6 Burnley 18-1 8-0 2-5 Chesterfield 14-8 10-3 4-7 Blackburn . 20-8 8-7 2-9 \Vigan .... 17-6 8-6 3-1 Bolton .... 21-3 8-8 2-8 Barnsley 15-5 9-3 3-7 Oldham 21-5 9-1 2-6 Canuock . U-3 12-0 5-6 Haslingdon 20-7 9-9 3-3 Ashby -de-la- "l Zouche . . .) 16-7 12-7 6-3 Bradford . 23-4 10-5 3-4 Ash ton-under-i 23-6 9-9 3-4 Lyne . . . 1 Stockport . 24-4 9-8 3-5 Old towns — Wakefield . . . 16-3 9-2 3-7 Large towns — Northampton . 17-0 10-4 4-6 Liverpool . 26-0 7 7 2-6 Derby .... 17-8 9-2 3-5 Manchester 24-5 8 2-6 Sheffield . . . 19-7 8 4 2-8 Leeds .... 21-0 8 7 2-9 Military — London 24-3 8 7 3-6 Famham . 17-3 9-7 4-2 Hull .... 20-6 y 4-0 Sheemess . 17-4 11-6 5-8 Birmingham . 20-8 9-6 3-8 The average ratios in groups of districts were in 1891 :- Colliery districts Large towns . Industrial* places Textile! Military ,, Old towns Residential places Miscellaneous Rural residues . England and Wales. Widows aged 35 and upwards. 17' 23' 19' 22' 24' 23' 27' 22' 24' 22-9 Wives aged 65 and I upwards. 15-0 7-4 ■9-2 10-9 5-2 * Including Highworth instead of Swindon. t „ Haytield ,, Glossop. BiKTHS. As the proportion of women in the married state at ages under 45 varies considerably, it cannot be safe to compare births wdth the total female population, or even with the numbers of women aged 20-45. It is, perhaps, an open question whether births should be compared with the numbers of married women under 35 or under 45 years of age. By including married women aged 35-45 we lower the comparative birth rates in rural counties and add to them in the mining and manufacturing districts, as the following Table will show : — England's Recent Progress. 81 1901. Registration Counties. Married Women under 85 being KJO, those aged 45 and upwards are in proportion. Durham and Northumber-'l land j Glamorgan, Monmouth i and Brecon . . . . f Stafford, Worcester audi Warwick / Leicester, Notts and Derby York Lancashire and Cheshire. Metropolitan counties Denbigh and Flint Lincoln and Rutland . Northampton, Bedford, &c. Hants and Berks . 59-2 59-3 64-6 66-4 66-8 67' 67' 72' 74' 74' 75' 67-1 65-4 79-4 82-7 80-1 73-1 77-0 106-5 115-4 114-8 103-8 1901. Registration Counties. Gloucester and Somerset. Cumberland and West-'l morelaud / Sussex Devon Norfolk and Suffolk . . Carnarvon and Anglesey . Wilts and Dorset . Cornwall Carmarthen, Pembroke,) &c / Montgomery, &c . . . Bucks and Oxford . Salop and Hereford Married Wcjnien under 35 being 100, those aged 45 and upwards are in proportion. 111-9 105-1 114-1 115-1 130-8 120-3 127-6 127-7 132-0 135-6 133-1 142-1 76 8 77 6 79 3 79 3 81 3 82 1 82 3 82 4 83 6 84 84 6 86 1 The best course appears to me to be that of comparing births with the numbers of married women under 45 years of age. This is a medium between using the figure of married women under 35 and that of married women at all ages. Incidentally it may be noted that the proportion of women (married and otherwise) aged 20-35 to female population seems to be steadily rising as the number of children falls off, but the proportion of those who are married tends to decrease : — Women, 20-35. Per cent. Married Women under 35 on Female population. to lOU V 'omen aged 20-35. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. London, Middlesex, &c. . 25-95 26-44 27-86 52-9 50-2 49-0 Lancashire and Cheshire . 25-38 25-75 27-60 56-5 52-9 50-8 York ...... 24-14 24-92 26-71 59-5 55-4 53-4 Sussex ...... 24-09 25-02 26-31 47-8 41-4 40-6 Stafford, Worcester and Warwick 23-12 23-71 25-95 59-7 56-3 54-8 Glamorgan, Monmouth and Brecon . 22-82 24-58 25-81 63-6 63-2 61-5 Durham and Northumberland . 23-08 23-91 25-80 65-6 62-2 59-6 Leicester, Notts and Derby 23-43 23-98 25-72 61-6 57-2 55-3 Hants and Berks .... 22-90 24-09 25-48 53 9 49-1 48-0 Carnarvon and Anglesey . 22-41 23-26 25-35 49-9 42-8 42-9 Devon ...... 22-57 24-23 24-96 48-4 46-0 46-0 Gloucester and Somerset . 22-48 23-35 24-75 50-1 47-2 45-7 Cumberland and Westmoreland 22 88 23-11 24-18 52-7 49-2 45-8 Denbigh and Flint .... 20-64 21-82 23-90 54-9 50-2 50-7 Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c. 22-08 22-73 23-65 43-8 40-9 40 -U Lincoln and Rutland 21-07 21-61 23-00 .58-0 53-5 62-8 Northampton, Bedford, &c. 21-19 22-05 23-56 56 6 53-3 51-9 Montgomery, Merioneth, &c. 20-86 21-48 23-50 50-3 43-2 43-2 Cornwall ...... 21-56 23-24 23 32 45-8 45-7 45-6 Wilts and Dorset .... 20-74 21-83 22-90 53-3 50-3 49-1 Bucks and Oxford .... 20-84 21-75 22-69 53-3 49-8 47-0 Salop and Hereford .... 20-18 21-33 22-58 49-5 45-3 44-5 Norfolk and Suffolk 20-71 21-24 22-05 56-8 53-6 50-9 England and Wales .... 23-91 24-67 26-30 65-8 62-5 51-0 82 EnghfiuVs Becrnt P/w/rr.s.s. It has been seen that tho tciHlency towards marriage is not specially strong in the mining counties, yet, in consequence of the relative paucity of female population, the proportion of young women in the married state is very much above tho average in those counties. Generally, it will bo seen that the increased proportion of young women aged 20-35 is universally progressive, and the diminished proportion in the married state is almost equally regular, with the exception that in the last decennium little or no change occurred in Devon, Cornwall and four Welsh groups. We get rid at once of all reference to such fluctuations when we compare directly tigiu'es which are more truly capable of comparison, viz., the numl^er of births with that of married women under 45, though this method disregards the illegitimate births (which are nowhere numerous enough to demand special notice, and which tend to diminish in number), and also the decreased fertility of women after 35 years of age. In 1901 the proportion of married women under 45 to the total female population was as stated below : — Manieil Women under 45 per cent. on total Female population in 19IJ1. Glamorgan, ISIonmouth and"! Brecon j Durham and Northumber-1 land / York Leicester, Notts and Derby Stafford, Worcester and\ Warwick .... Lancashire and Cheshire London, ]\Iiddlesex, &c. Lincoln and Rutland . Hants and Berks . Northampton, Bedford, &c. Denbigh and Flint 25-29 24-48 23-80 23-68 23-41 23-26 22-93 21-72 21-49 21-38 20-86 Married Women under 45 per cent. on total Female population in 1901. Devon Wilts and Dorset .... Norfolk and Suffolk . . . Gloucester and Somerset . Carnarvon and Anglesey . Bucks and Oxford .... Cumberland and Westmore- 1 land j Cornwall Sussex Salop and Hereford Montgomery, INIerioneth, &c. Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c. . England and Wales 20-57 20-52 20-34 20-00 19-80 19-70 19-68 19-40 19-14 18-70 18-68 17-77 22-64 It will be seen that where women are relatively few in number the proportion of married women is high. The counties at the other end of the scale include those w^hich like Sussex contain a very large female population, and some others where the tendency towards marriage is w'eaker than usual. The gradual increase of the age at marriage causes the proportion of married women at age 35-45 to those who are younger to mount up, the national per centage advancing from — 65-5 in 1881 to 67-5 in 1891 and 68-7 in 1901; but the increase is not regular, as shown below ; — E)igl(UHVfi Uccent Progress. 88 Married Women, aged 35-45, to each Increase or De- Married Women, aged 35-45, to each Increase 100 under 35. 10( under 85. crease in 20 ' crease in 21) 1881. 1891. 1901. years. 1881. 63-6 1891. 190 L. 9 years. Cumberland, &c. . 66 6 72 4 77 6 11 Loudon, &c. . 66-4 67 4-8 Norfolk, &c. . 70 'J 74 81 3 10 4 Montgomery, &c. . 79 9 86 8 84 4-1 Sussex .... 70 4 78 4 79 3 8 9 York .... 63 4 66 66 8 3-4 Bucks and Oxford 77 78 84 6 7 6 Cornwall . 80 73 9 82 4 2-4 "Wilts and Dorset 75 5 77 9 82 3 6 8 Lincoln, &c. . 72 75 8 74 2 2-2 Carmarthen, &c. . 77 2 79 9 83 6 6 4 Northampton, &c. 72 8 73 9 74 9 2-1 Carnarvon, &c. 75 8 84 3 82 1 6 3 Durham, &c. . 58 9 58 8 59 2 0-3 Devon .... 73 1 72 79 3 6 2 Stafford, &c. . . 64 6 66 64 6 Leicester, Notts, &c. 60 4 64 9 66 4 6 Salop and Hereford 86 9 84 2 86 1 0-8 Hants and Berks . 70 7 73 75 7 5 Glamorgan, &c. . 61 1 57 5 59 3 1-8 Lancashire, &c. . 63 65 8 67 4 4 4 Denbigh, &c. . 78 7 76 8 72 6-7 Gloucester, &c. 72 4 74 76 8 4 4 England and Wales 65 5 67 5 68 7' 3-2 There seems to be here a clear indication that tlie age at marriage has not increased in Dmdiam, South Wales, the Stafford group and Denbigh. In Salop it is steadily high, but not increasing, The increase rather atfects certain of the groups least engaged in industrial pursuits, the first eight being of that character, except Cumberland, which merely comes into line with other unprogressive counties. Other groups, ranking low in 1881, have not added to their figures sufficiently to rank high in 1901 ; whilst Montgomery and Cornwall, beginning with high ratios, had the less room for any large increase. Birth Eates. Turning now to the proportion of births to the numbers of married women under 45 years of age, we begin with the following Table showing the ratios in groups of registration counties for 1881, 1891 and 1901, in each case taking the average of three years' births, the mid-most year being that of the Census : — • Durham and North-| umberland . . . / Glamorgan, Mon-| mouth, &c. . . . / Denbigh and Flint . Carmarthen, &c.:. Montgomery, &c. . Salop and Hereford . Cumberland, &c. . Stafford, Warwick, &c. Leicester, Notts andi Derby . . . . j Norfolk and Suffolk . Lancashire and Che-l shire j Carnarvon and Angle- 1 sey f Births i)er lU^OiO Married Woiiiea under 45. 1881. 1891. 3,202 3,087 2,876 3,140 3, 1251 2,840 3,061: 2,992 3,358 3,1.32 3,185 2,902 3,039 2,951 3,341: 3,065 3,137 2,935 3,084 2,793 3,064 2,792 2,S90j 2,761 2,900 2,567 2,792 2,743 2 , 706 2,667 2,651 2,645 2,511 2,469 2,423 2,419 Lincoln and Rutland Bucks and Oxford York .... London and Metro I)olitan Counties Northampton, &c. Wilts and Dorset Gloucester and So merset . Cornwall . Hants and Berks Devon. Sussex Birtlis per 10,00'J Married Women under 45. 1881. 3,021 3,105 2,919 2,906 3,CC2 3,048 3,005 3,084 2,916 2,982 2,942 England and Wales. '3,006 1891. 1901. 2,704 2,412 2,841 2,404 2,656 2,390 2,627 2,737 2,347 2,327 2,700i 2,321 2,735! 2,314 2,7741 2,579- 2,63l' 2,492i 2,310 2,228 2,170 2,145 2,756 2,451 84 KiK/hours Bcrrnt Progress. It is satisfactory to tlunk that soiiio of the disturhiiig causes which impair tlio vahic of the statistics of deaths and mania;ij;(>sted dogreo of fertility : — lUrtlis per lll.lMKl ilairiici Births per 10,0()0 Married Woiiion uiuior 4:">. Women under 45. ISSl. 1891. 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1901. Crtuuock 3,27-t 3,287 3,044 Chesterfield \ collierv district! 3,318 3,113 2,820 Ashbv-de-la-Zouch 8,214 3,206 3,002 Barnslev . 3,266 3,241 2,906 Leek .... 3,213 2.937 2,818 Wolverhampton . 3,322 3,226 2,942 Cockermouth 3.475 3,190 2,700 \Vigau .... 3,481 3,356 2,936 Millom . . . 3,478 3,137 2,669 Whitehaven 3,388 3,230 2,922 Tilbury . . . 3,292 3,041 2,606 Rotherham 3,210 3,099 2,892 Preston* . 3,218 3,006 2,516 WalsaU. . . . 3,298 3,224 2,885 Burtou-on-Trent 3,324 2,948 2,454 Durham colliery) district . . . ) 3,202 3,097 2,880 Kettering. Penzance . 3,210 3.258 3,031 2,790 2,350 2,280 Potteries . 3,255 3,123 2,827 Swindon . 3,205 2,602 2,090 ^Middlesbro' 3,203 2,951 2,826 * This place shows singularly high ratios of births compared with other cotton manufacturing towns within a short distance. Amongst the 51 residential, military and other districts only three, viz., Southend, Morecambe and Farnham, reached the suggested standard in 1881, but four of the county residues (out of 24) exceeded it, and others were not much below it. Of the twenty-one towns and industrial areas just referred to, only five, viz., Tilbury, Preston, Swindon, Kettering and Penzance, were free from the influence of colliery or iron working populations either within them or in close proximity. The following six districts, where again colliery or iron working populations are present or adjacent, showed relatively high ratios in 1901 : — Births per 10,000 Manied Women under 45. 1S81. Wrexham 3,144 Glamorgan colliery district . 3,143 Kuneaton i 3,172 Doncaster I 3,040 Barrow-in-Furness . . . ' 8.149 Wakefield 3.097 1891. 1901. 3,176 2,976 3,135 1 2,842 2,947 1 2,829 2,817 2.794 2,885 2,715 2,671 i 2,638 These with the 21 before tabulated make 27 places which include 21 out of the 22 places of the urban and industrial classes, where the ratio in 1901 was as high as 2,638, the only other one being Liverpool, itself in close proximity to the Lancashire coalfield, and noticeable as showing so low a ratio as 2,895 per 10,000 in 1881, to my mind evidencing artificial repression of births on a considerable scale prior to that year. In 1901 no single residential or military district showed so high a ratio of births as 2,638, the maximum figure being 2,563 for Harrogate; but the following rural residues reached ratios ranging from 2,667 to 2,818, viz. : — England's Becent Progi'css. 89 Durham and Northumberland Monmouth and Brecon Carmarthen, &c. Denbigh and Flint Montgomery, &c. . Salop and Hereford Births per 10,000 Married Women under 45. 1881. 3,203 3,107 3,358 3,003 3,185 3,089 1891. 2,9G8 2,979 3,132 2,904 2,902 2,951 2,818 2,789 2,743 2,713 2,706 2,667 Each of these county residues is influenced by the existence of coUiery populations within or near their hmits, with the single exception of the Montgomery group, which may, I think, be regarded as rather remote and old-fashioned. Turning to the districts where the ratio in 1881 was 2,920 or under, we first have thirteen towns (including large towns and old towns), viz. : — Birtlis per 10,000 Married Births per 10,000 Married Women under 45.- Women under 45. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1S91. ISOl. Liverpool . 2,895 2,758 2,651 Gloucester 2,909 2,692 2,383 Sheffield . 2,899 2,746 2,515 King's Lynn . 2,897 2,672 2,377 Hull . . 2,770 2,667 2,495 Worcester 2,876 2,662 2,304 Manchester 2,912 2,694 2,423 Coventry . 2,853 2,609 2,301 London 2,874 2,612 2,360 Derby .... 2,856 2,405 2,191 Leeds . 2,883 2,707 2,336 Cambridge . 2,862 2,528 2,114 Nottingham 2,760 2,291 2,243 In each of these places I think we may safely believe that births were checked before 1881. The same may be said of certain industrial places, as follows : — Births per 10,000 Married Births per 10,000 Married Women under 45. Women under 45. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. Southampton . 2,768 2,510 2,405 Saddleworth , 2,780 2,511 1,994 Falmouth . 2,786 2,545 2,219 Huddersfleld 2,720 2,140 1,982 Ashton-under-Lyne 2,835 2,571 2,144 Haslingden . 2,804 2,377 1,929 Stockport . 2,777 2,536 2,125 Bury . 2,802 2,413 1,903 Macclesfield . 2,867 2,630 2,087 Glossop . 2,762 2,451 1,887 Wharfedalo 2,869 2,419 2,073 Bradford . 2,682 2,310 1,873 Dewsbury . 2,722 2,323 2,032 Rochdale . 2,480 2,077 1,859 Oldham 2,724 2,419 2,024 Halifax . 2,698 2,258 1,818 Keighley . 2,606 2,455 2,023 Todmorden 2,471 2,084 1,818 All l)ut the first two of the above are places devoted to manufactures of textile fabrics. It will be noticed that many of the ratios have since 1881 00 EiK/hiiuVs Hccoit rrof/rcss. fallen very low. Tlion there arc the following' residential and niilitai'y places : Births per lo.tuiu Married Births pur 10,000 .Married Wouieii undo r 4,">. 1901. - — AVomen under 45. ISSl. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1901. Harrogate 2,863 2,595 2,563 *Plymouth . 2,779 2,494 2,173 *\Vevmouth . 2,914 2,574 2,419 ♦Portsmouth 2,793 2,499 2,166 *Crodstone 2,821 2,641 2,313 Guildford . . 2,849 2,562 2,147 *Aldershot (North) 2,843 2,731 2,298 Thanot . . . 2.884 2,415 2,144 *Dcal .... 2,913 2,620 2,280 Brighton 2,786 2,357 2,136 *Windsor . 2,784 2,493 2,254 Leamington 2,833 2,560 2,119 Worthing 2,896 2,461 2,242 Bath . . . 2,752 2,492 2,112 "Cauterbury . 2,881 2,626 1 2,238 *Brentwood . 2,888 2,616 2,095 Timbridge 2,920 2,596 2,204 Bedford . . . 2,853 2,587 2,071 Cheltenham . 2.701 2,517 2,195 Isle of Wight . 2,765 2,353 2,066 Malvern . 2,777 2,637 1 2,182 Torquay 2,899 2,535 2,004 *Easthampstead . 2,810 2,539 ' 2,181 Hastings 2,813 2,329 1,896 *Sheerness 2,867 2,568 2.180 Bournemouth . 2,853 2,344 1,708 Places in the last list, which are more or less the seats of military establishments, are marked with an asterisk. The decline of the ratio of births in them is less pronounced than in the residential places ; the latter show figm'es almost as depressed as those of the textile manufacturing places. Only one of the county residues (Carnarvon and Anglesey) showed in 1881 a ratio of births (2,886 per 10,000), somewhat below the hmit (2,920) ; none of them in 1901 showed ratios smaller than 2,239 (Sussex). It only remains to notice certain places w^here the ratio has fallen from a point exceeding 2,920 to less than 2,200 per 10,000 :— Births per 10,000 Married Women under 45. Births per 10,000 :Married Women under 45. 1881. ' 1891. 1001. 1881. .1891. 1901. Northampton . Lincoln Exeter .... Kidderminster Blackburn . Burnley 3,042 2,927 2,987 2,995 3,033 3,088 2,746 2,546 2,647 2,572 2,706 2,639 2,151 2,149 2,077 2,135 2,101 2,079 Heme Bay . .3,017 Reigate . . . | 3,058 Eastbourne . . 1 3,047 Farnham . . j 3,204 Weston- super- ]' „ qqq ]\Iare . . . ,' ' ' 2,708 2,474 2,485 2,821 2,558 2,177 2,156 2,120 2,073 2,053 Later Facts as to Births. At the moment of writing, the latest pubhshed Annual Report of the Eegistrar-General is that for 1906. It shows a total of 935,081 births against 932,460 (the average of 1900-1902), an increase of only 0-3 per cent. At the same time the total population, according to the Registrar's estimate, had increased by 5 '9 per cent. — but of this I do not feel very sure. EiujlancVs lieccnt Progress. 91 In 1891-1901 the increase of the total population was about 12-2 per cent., but the number of married women under 45 increased by 17-3 per cent. If in making an estimate of the number of married women under 45 in 1906 we disregard the probability that a similar excess over the average rate occurred (largely due to a continuous shrinkage in the number of children), we have at least to add about 225,000 to the figures for 1901 if we agree with the Begistrar's estimate, and on a fair apportion- ment we arrive at the following results :— Colliery districts .... Industrial districts . Rural residues • . . . . Large towns Old towns Military places .... Miscellaneous Residential places Textile manufacturing places England and Wales . 1906. Married Women under 45. 581,176 287,915 653,538 1,575,870 177,546 139,413 6,804 225,548 381,132 4,028,942 1906. Births. 159,533 72,524 159,275 354,265 39,241 29,823 1,387 45,667 73,366 935,081 Births per 10,000. 1901. 1906. • 2,880 2,745 2,683 2,519 2,473 2,437 2,407 2,248 2,358 2,210 2,236 2,139 2,202 2,039 2,188 2,025 2,059 1,925 2,451 2,321 Decrease in ratio. 185 164 36 159 148 97 163 163 134 130 And if we hark back to 1881 the total amount of the reduction in each ratio is as follows : — Births per 10,000 Married Women under 45. 1881. Colliery districts .... Industrial districts Rural residues Large towns Old towns Military places .... Miscellaneous Residential places Textile manufacturing places England and Wales 3,244 3,196 3,117 2,898 2,989 2,883 2,884 2,932 2,819 3,006 2,745 2,519 2,437 2,248 2,210 2,139 2,039 2,025 1,925 2,321 Decrease in ratio. 499 677 680 650 779 744 845 907 894 685 so that were the old ratio regained, about 30 per cent, would be added to the births now registered. Under the circumstances which now exist, viz., with declining birth and death rates, it is practically impossible to derive a forecast as to what the result of a Census in 1906 would have been, from the data pviblished by the Registrar. Experience proves that a steady decline in the number of births is consistent with an increase in the number of young wives. ]3ut the cases of material increase in the absolute numbers of births in 1901-1906 may be noted, since they mean, apparently, that a much more consideralilc increase in total population is higlily pi-obablc :— 9-2 EnglamVs Ixcccnt Progress. IWltllS luniis Willis iiioro;isc increiise increase per cent. per cent. percent. ill in in 6 years. 5 years. 5 years. Farnbaiu 34-8 Tilbury .... 7-1 Yarmouth . 2-7 Uxbridgo i27-8 Canterbury . 6-7 Barrow 2 6 Southend 21-8 Rugby .... G-2 Lincoln (residue) . 2 6 Poole l'J-3 Grimsby. G-1 Chatham . 2 4 Salisbury 14-2 Liverpool 5-8 Isle of Wight . . 2 4 Coveutry 14-1 Guildford . 5-7 Gloucester 2 4 Bouniemouth . 13-9 Worthing . 5-0 \\'urcester . 2 3 Aldershot (North) . 13-8 Weston-super-Mare 5-i INIaidstone . 2 3 Portsmouth 12-9 Barnsley group. 5-1 St. Germans . 2 1 Godstone 11-8 Hants and Berks ~(^ 4-7 Bedford . . . 2 1 Nuneaton . 11-4 (residue) . . . \ Stockport . 2 1 Doncaster . 11-3 Rotherham . 4-5 Stafford . . . 2 King's Lynn 10-6 Sheerness . 4-1 Torquay, &c. . 9 Watford .... 10-2 Oldham .... 4-0 Reigate. 9 Weymouth . 9-9 Easthampstead. 3-9 Folkestone. 6 Luton .... 9-1 Exeter .... 3-4 Colchester . G Middlesbro' . 8-6 Durham group . 3-3 Dover .... 5 Swindon 7-9 Chesterfield group . 3-3 Ashby-de-la-Zouche 2 Lincoln .... 7-7 Chester .... 3-2 Plymouth . 2 Brentwood . 7-3 Coekermouth . 3-1 London 2 Glamorgan group . 7-1 Manchester . 2-8 Bristol .... 1-1 In the ten years 1891-1900 a falling-off of 17*2 per cent, in births at Macclesfield was found consistent with an increase of 4 • 4 per cent, in the number of married women under 45. In the Table below, the places are shown where in the five years 1901-1906 births declined by fully one-half of that proportion, namely 8-6 per cent., and where consequently there is at least a probability that a decrease in total population may have occmTcd : — Bii-ths Births Births decrease 1 decrease decrease per cent. per cent. per cent. m in in 5 years. 5 years. 5 years. Millom .... 27-3 Scarborough 13-5 Hastings . 10.0 Helston .... 15-7 Kettering . 11-2 Thanet .... 9-9 Wellingborough 15-3 Cornwall (residue) . 11-2 Redruth 9-9 Keighley 14-8 Halifax .... 10-6 Penzance . 9-5 Northampton . 14-3 Heme Bay . 10-6 Devon (residue) . 9-1 Todmorden . 13-8 Montgomery, &c. . 10-0 Bradford . 8-9 In the whole country, it has been seen, the estimated decline in the buiihrate in these five years was from 2,451 to 2,321, or 5* 3 per cent.; this figtu-e being deducted from the falling-off above tabulated, the residue will give some notion of the probable decrease ; but of course the local decline in birth rate may be several points greater or less than 5 • 3 per cent. In hke manner, the apparent increase in births tabulated should be augmented by 5 • 3 per cent, (more or less) in order to arrive at the probable rate of increase in general population in the places where an increase of births is shown. London thus will possibly have gained 6 • 5 per cent, in five years. But the whole of these calculations might be very much modified if we had the true numbers of the population as it existed in 1906, and I must EnglancVs Becent Progress. 93 confess to very grave cTovibts as to the accuracy of the guess of the Eegistrar-General, whicli is probal)ly without any other basis than the presumption that things since 1901 have gone on exactly as they did (on an average) in 1891-1901. In that decennium somewhere about 100,000 men left for South Africa ; in the succeeding quinquennium the survivors of that force returned. There is in this fact alone ground enough for the belief that a Census in 1906 would have been valuable and enlightening to an extent greater even than usual. Later Facts as to Deaths. The Eegistrar-General, in settling his Estimates of population for the middle of 1901 and the middle of 1906, seems to have acted as follows. He added at each age about 0'282 per cent, to males and 0*2915 per cent, to females, as shown by the 1901 Census, to represent about three months' growth to the middle of 1901, and he added about 6-11 per cent, to males and 6 • 30 per cent, to females to represent about 5| years' growth to the middle of 1906 : — 1901 Census. 1£01 (middle). 1906 (middle). Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. 0-5 . . 1,855,361 1,861,847 1,860,675 1,866,776 1,968,799 1,978,340 5-10 1,738,993 1,748,298 1,743,897 1,753,395 1,845,246 1,858,441 10-15 1,670,970 1,670,770 1,675,682 1,675,640 1,773,066 1.776,028 15-20 1,607,522 1,638,621 1,612,055 1,643,897 1,705,741 1,741,854 20-25 1,472,644 1,648,278 1,476,796 1,653,083 1,562,623 1,752,119 25-35 2,485,954 2,769,886 2,492,965 2,777,961 2,637,846 2,944,389 35^5 1,931,943 2,064,062 1,937,391 2,070,079 2,049,985 2,194,098 45-55 1,396,209 1,505,982 1,400,146 1,510,371 1,481,517 1,600,859 55-65 907,945 1,035,305 910,505 1,038,823 963,421 1,100,529 65-75 477,868 598,138 479,216 599,881 507,066 635,820 75-85 165,233 228,015 165,698 228,679 175,328 242,380 85 and up- \ wards . / 17,971 30,528 18,036 30,616 19,069 32,452 15,728,613 16,799,230 15,773,062 16,848,201 16,689,707 17,857,309 The resulting death rates shown in the next Table agree almost absolutely with his : — Males, 1901. Females, 1901. Corrected population. Deaths. Per thousand. Corrected population. Deaths. Per thousand. 0-5 .. . 1,800,675 109,581 58 9 1,866,776 92,106 49-4 6-10 . 1,743,897 7,011 4 1,753,395 7,148 4-1 10-15 . 1,675,682 3,834 2 3 1,075,640 3,995 2-4 15-20 . 1,612,055 5,557 3 4 1,643,397 5,293 3-2 20-25 . 1,476,796 6,918 4 7 1,653,083 6,325 3-8 25-35 . 2,492,965 15,550 6 2 2,777,961 14,767 5-3 35-45 . 1,937,391 20,545 10 6 2,070,079 18,073 8-7 45-55 . 1,400,146 25,295 18 1 1,510,371 20,943 13-9 55-65 . 910,505 30,560 33 6 1,038,323 27,575 2G-6 65-75 . 479,216 32,603 68 599,881 34,003 56-7 75-85 . 165,698 23,161 139 8 228,679 28,072 122-8 85 and upwards 18,036 5,000 277-2 30,616 7,607 248-5 15,773,062 285,618 16,848,201 265,067 94 EnrjlamVa Ilcccnt rrogra^i^. M •lies. l;0.i. Kcr iialcs, I'.Ou. Corrected population. Deaths. Per thousand. CoiTccted poptilation. Deaths. Per thousand. 0-5 .. . 1,968,71)9 97,178 49-4 1,978,340 81,503 41-2 5-10 . . . 1,845,246 0,252 3-4 1,858,441 6,652 3 6 10-15 . . . 1,773,066 3,496 2-0 1,776,028 3,856 2 2 15-20 . . . 1,705,741 5,167 3-0 1,741,854 4,748 2 7 20-25 . . . 1,562,623 6,133 3-9 1,752,119 5,764 1 ^ 3 25-35 . . . 2,637,846 14,766 5-6 2,944,389 13,918 1 4 7 35-45 . . . 2,049,985 19,431 9-5 2,194,098 17,087 ' 7 8 45-55 . . . 1,481,517 24,870 16-8 1,600,859 20,761 13 55-65 . . . 963,421 31,998 33-2 1,100,529 27,884 1 25 3 65-75 . . . 507,066 34,845 68-9 635,820 35,680 56 1 75-85 . . . 175,328 24,004 136-9 242,380 29,867 123 2 85 and upwards 19,069 6,093 319-5 32,452 9,328 287-4 16,689,707 274,233 17,857,309 257,048 ! - But the assumption of an equal rate of increase at each age is contrary to recent experience, and leaves out of account the operation of the reduced birth rate. The Eegistrar-General's own calculations as to mean population in 1881-1891 and in 1891-1901 are very much at variance ■with that assumption : — ■ Males. Females. Equivalent rate of increase for 5 years. Mean population. Increase Mean population. Increase per cent, in 10 years. per cent, in 10 years. Males. 1881-91. 1891-01. 1881-91. 1891-01. Fe- males. 0-5. i 1,762,609 1,809,572 2-66 1,774,568 1,822,307 2-69 1-32 1-34 5-10 1,630,975 1,716,048 5 22 1,640,312 1,724,889 5 16 2 57 2 55 10-15 1,506,544 1,640,058 8 86 1,505,405 1,640,975 9 01 4 34 4 41 15-20 1,366,722 1,531,756 12 08 1,382,326 1,557,124 12 65 5 87 6 13 20-25 1,179,850 1,351,555 14 55 1,307,469 1,514,357 15 82 7 03 7 62 25-35 1,955,274 2,272,493 16 22 2,130.321 2,510,866 17 86 7 81 8 56 35-45 1,514.486 1,759,309 16 17 1,620,293 1,877,703 15 89 7 78 7 65 45-55 1,112,527 1,286,406 15 63 1,222,633 1,398,218 14 36 7 53 6 94 55-65 746,339 833,879 11 73 849,206 955,602 12 53 5 70 6 08 65-75 417,389 460,434 10 31 503,754 569,834 13 12 5 03 6 36 75 anc upward n 153,686 171,688 11 71 205,794 238,406 15 85 5 69 7 63 113,346,401 14,833,198 14,142,081 15,810,281 The Eegistrar-General's figures for the middle of 1901 cannot be far wrong. If we add to these five years' increase in accordance with the above Table we shall have the following figures for the middle of 1906 :— Eitgla fid's Recent Progress. 95 As comiiared with Registrar's New Estin micUlle ate fl906), of year. Death rates on new Estimates. Regi Estii strar's nates. Ages. Males. Females. Males. Females. More. Less. More. Less. Male. Female. Male. Fema le. 2 0-5 . 1,885,300 1,891.720 83,499 86,620 51-5 43-1 49-3 41 5-10 . 1,788,800 1,798,030 56,446 60,411 3-5 3-7 3-4 3 6 10-15 . 1,748,357 1,749,464 24,709 26,564 2-0 2-2 2-0 2 2 15-20 . 1,706,611 1,744,210 870 2,356 3-0 2-7 3-0 2 7 20-25 . 1,580,607 1,779,070 17,984 26,951 3-9 3-2 3-9 3 8 25-35 . 2,687.594 3,015,890 49,748 71,501 5-5 4-6 5-6 4 7 35-45 . 2,088,120 2,228,454 38,135 34,356 9-3 7-7 9-5 7 8 45-55 . 1,505,590 1,615,194 24,073 14,335 16-5 12-9 16-8 13 55-65 . 962,433 1,101,450 988 921 83-2 25-3 33-2 25 3 65-75 . 503,320 638,014 3,746 2,194 69-2 55-9 68-7 56 1 75 and \ upwards/ 194,197 279,085 200 4,253 155-0 140-4 154-8 142-6 16,650,929 17,840,581 .. 38,778 16,728 1 The only line in the above new estimate which can be properly tested is the first. The numbers of births registered in three successive periods of five years were : — 1891-5 . . . 2,309-895 males . . 2,229,371 females 1896-00 . . . 2,347,976 „ . 2.267,911 1901-05 . . . 2,389,525 „ . 2,303,744 In each interval the births increased by about I'l per cent. The safest mode of estimating the numbers at age 0-5 who would have been counted in 1906, remembering that even at that early age migrations are of some moment, is to adopt the assumption that such numbers would compare with births in the preceding five years in the proportions which obtained in 1901. On that principle we arrive at : — 1,886,037 males, 1,892,662 females as the probable population in March 1906. The figures so arrived at include the effect of both mortality and migrations. It seems likely that mortality should be estimated as of less amount, and the gain by migrations as something more, so that there should be an addition to the result on both accounts, and also a small addition to bring the figures up to the middle of the year. But disregarding such minor matters, tho resulting death rates at this age would be :— For males . ,, females . 51-53 per thousand 43-06 figures which differ materially from those of the Eegistrar-General, and which confirm the new estimate shown in the last Table. I am far from being confident that the rest of the figures in iJiat Table may be accepted. Referring to what is said on page 93, tiiere can Ije no doubt but that 96 England's I\ccrnf Progress. the 1901 fijjuvos for males were lowered in coiiscquonco of the absence of an unusual nunilier of troops in South Africa, and as the Table adopts those ti^nuvs as a basis it virtually supposes that no troops had returned home by 1906. Yet we know in fact that many thousands came back, and also that for a time at least there was an unusual influx of aliens. I have little confidence in the statistics of emigration as affording a measure of the net loss or gain in each year, but upon the whole I anticipate that a Census in 1906 would have shown somewhat larger figures for males than those of the "new estimate." The Eegistrar-General's estimates of increased population naturally vary in the several counties, but upon a detailed investigation I arrive at the following results for grouped registration counties as being his ; and I add a column for the death-rates by the new estimate : — Bucks, Oxford Wilts, Dorset . . . Sussex Salop Cornwall .... Hants, Berks . Gloucester. Northampton . Norfolk .... Devon Cumberland . Lincoln .... Metropolitan Counties Leicester .... Stagord .... York Durham .... Lancashire Montgomery . Carmarthen Carnarvon .... Denbigh .... Glamorgan England and Wales . Population, 1906. Total. 365,023 476,003 637,582 374,085 320,157 1,119,838 1,150,700 802,439 841,913 683,315 332,213 529,145 8,953,737 1,646,668 2,843,971 3,816.599 1,947,536 5,534.818 148,862 291,483 179,343 195,046 1,356,540 34,547,016 Age 0-5. 39,512 51,350 62,604 41,289 32,835 118,195 123,505 89,458 93,677 68,533 37,663 58,581 994,218 197,391 349,177 439,335 254,662 631,839 16,166 31,567 18,490 20,562 176,466 8,947,075 Death Rate, 1906. Age 0-5. Registrar's. 26 27 28 29 28 31 31 31 34 35 37 40 43 43 47 49 55 55 31 35 42 50 50 45 New. 27 28 30 30 31 32 33 34 36 38-0 38-5 42-2 45-3 45 50 52 55 59 33 35-8 44-8 46-1 50-9 47-3 In all but three instances the Eegistrar's death rate is too low ; and those three are notable as colliery districts. The total 3,947,075 derived from details only slightly differs from the Eegistrar's estimate for the whole country, which has been given as 3,947,139. The " new " estimate founded on the numbers of births in 1901-1905 being taken as the more reliable (although probably too low, because the death rate has declined), death rates founded on it compare as shown in the following Table with the figures for 1901, and it is gratifying to observe large reductions of infant mortality in Durham, Wales and elsewhere, which it may be hoped will be followed by further abatements there and generally : — EnglancVs Recent Progress. 97 Death Rates per 1000 in 1901 and 1906 at Age 0-5. 1901. 1906. Decrease. County Groups. Both Sexes. Males. Females. Both Sexes. Males. Females. Both Sexes. Males. Females. Lancashire . 65-2 70-8 59-6 69-9 65-0 54-8 5-3 5-8 4-8 Durham .... 70-3 75-4 65-3 55-3 59-9 50-6 15-0 15-5 14-7 Yorkshire 60-5 65-8 55-2 52-6 57-2 48-1 7-9 8-6 7-1 Stafford, &c. . . . 58-5 64-2 52-8 50-2 54-5 46-1 8-3 9-7 6-7 Wales and Mon-i mouth . . . . ) Leicester, &c. 57-7 63-0 52-5 47-4 51-6 43-1 10-3 11-4 9-4 54-5 59-6 49-4 45-3 49-9 40-8 9-2 9-7 8-6 Metropolitan "1 Counties . . . / 52-0 56-2 47-8 45-3 49-3 41-2 6-7 6-9 6-6 Lincoln .... 43-4 48-8 37-9 42-2 47-6 36-9 1-2 1-2 1-0 Cumberland . 40-9 45-0 36-8 38-5 43-5 33-4 2-4 1-5 3-4 Devon .... 41-2 45-3 37-1 38-0 42-9 33-1 3-2 2-4 4-0 Norfolk, &c. . . . 42-1 47-9 36-3 36-4 38-7 34-0 5-7 9-2 2-3 Northampton, &c. . 35-7 39-7 31-7 34-6 39-5 29-7 1-1 0-2 2-0 Gloucester and "1 Somerset . . . f 35-8 38-7 32-9 33-1 35-9 30-3 2-7 2-8 2-6 Hants and Berks 38-5 42-4 34-5 82-7 35-1 30-4 5-8 7-3 4-1 Cornwall .... 40-8 46-0 35-5 31-5 35-4 27-6 9-3 10-6 7-9 Salop and Hereford 34-8 38-3 31-4 30-2 33-6 26-9 4-6 4-7 4-5 Sussex .... 36-5 39-5 33-5 30-2 34-0 26-4 6-3 5-5 7-1 Wilts and Dorset 29-3 31-7 26-9 28-3 30-8 25-9 1-0 0-9 1-0 Bucks and Oxford . 33-6 37-0 30-2 27-1 30-5 23-8 6-5 6-5 6-4 England and Wales . 54-3 59-1 49-5 47-3 51-5 43-1 7-0 7-6 6-4 Ages 0-19 as Eetubned in 1901. In the main portion of this paper I have dealt with migrations on the footing that as they chiefly occur after 15 years of age, and as it is highly convenient to avoid the necessity of apportioning deaths at early ages, my object would be sufficiently attained by bringing together in one line the first fifteen years of life. In the present essay I am to endeavour, by the aid of the age returns in the 1901 Census Tables and the annual records of births in registration districts, to arrive at an opinion as to what losses and gains at ages up to 18-19 had been sustained or received by the populations counted in 1901. It was necessary for this purpose to estimate the effect of certain changes in boundaries, and thus bring the births into due accord with the numbers counted as surviving. The population counted in each district depends of course on : 1. The numbers of births. 2. The losses by mortality. 3. The loss or gain by migrations. I soon found that the figures for registration counties (or groups of such counties) would not be very useful, simply because in many cases the population of such divisions is far from being homogeneous. I was therefore driven to construct Tables for the 160 districts elsewhere defined. The resulting totals for classes of districts at ages 0-13 are given in the TuV)les on page 99. And the ratios of those living in the several 08 EnglaniVs Ixccoit Pm//v'.s.idential and military districts, the latter including several districts which aro partly residential. We may he sure that the large towns gain from the rural and lose to the residential districts, but the balance is not heavy. I am inclined to attribute some part of the small gains shown in industrial and colliery districts to non -registration of births, or incorrect returns of ages. In the period 10-13 we see that the losses of the rural and gains of residential districts are accentuated. There is a decreased gain in the militarv districts, but a decidedly increased gain in the colliery districts, and even in some of the industrial ones. In this state of things, it may be useful to show which are the most striking examples of loss or gain up to the age of 5-10, and to follow up this local study with a detailed examination of the progress made in after years, taking the population aged 5-10 as a commencing datum point. As between birth and the age 0-5 we find moderate gains (exceeding 2i per cent.) in the following districts : — HuU .... Leeds .... Sheffield . . . Liverpool . Gloucester Huddersfield . Rochdale . Stockport . Dowsbury Leek .... \Yalsall . . . Rotherham . Crewe .... Barrow Swindon . Doncaster Tilbury :\Iillom . . . Middlesbro' . Durham Group . Barnsley „ Nuneaton Cannock . Chesterfield Group Age 0-5. Gain per c;nt.* Males. Females. •8 2- •3 2- •3 3- •5 3- •3 3- ■2 •9 3- •5 3- •8 2- •4 3- •8 2- •8 4- •5 •3 2- •2 2- •6 3- •0 7" •2 1- •2 3- •3 2- •3 3- ■7 5- •7 3- •4 3- Dover Aldershot (North) St. Germans Salisbury Godstoue Deal . . . Chatham Reigate . Heme Bay . Clacton . Uxbridge Thanet . . Southend Blackpool . Watford . Worthing . Llandudno . Guildford . Tunbridge . Weston-super-Mare Hastings Morecambe . Bournemouth Staines . Harrogate . Brentwood . Sussex . Age 0-5. Gain per cent.* Females. 8-0 5-8 2-5 3-7 2-8 2-6 4-6 2-6 4-1 2-3 2-4 3-3 6-6 6- •2 2-3 4-7 3-4 7-1 7-0 6-6 7-2 10 4-1 •6 13-1 10-0 3-3 1-2 * Calculated on the estimated number of siuvivors. England's Bccent Progress. 101 Thus 51 out of 160 districts seem to attract cliildren, usually of both sexes. And although the attractions of London and Manchester are measured by a smaller figure than 2 J per cent., there is good reason to believe that both places gain children upon a balance. It is clear that although residential and military districts gain children in twenty-five instances, there are notable cases where such districts do not attract them, including Bath, Scarborough and Cheltenham. The losing districts are mainly rural residues of county groups. Of these residues the following show the most striking losses ; yet in no case are such losses very heavy : — Age 0-5. Age 0-5. Loss per cent. Loss per cent. Males. Females. Males. Females. Devon 5-2 2-9 Salop 1-9 2-1 Montgomery 3-9 4-2 Norfolk 1-7 2-1 Monmouth 3-6 1-8 Gloucester .... 1-7 3-3 Cumberland 3-2 3-7 Carnarvon .... 1-G 3-4 York . 3-1 3-5 Wilts 1-3 1-7 Durham . 3-0 3-2 Lancashire .... •8 1-6 Carmarthen 2-9 3-2 Cornwall .... 2-2 Lincoln . 2-0 2-4 The other districts which appear to have lost more than 2 per cent, of children aged 0-5 were : — ■ Age 0-5. Age 0-5. Loss per cent. Loss per cent. Males. Females. Males. Females. Nottingham .... 1-6 3-2 Canterbury .... 2-4 7-4 Sheerness .... 3-1 2-6 Norwich 3-2 1-8 Weymoutli .... •1 3-3 Lynn *2-4 7-5 Colchester .... *l-3 3-0 Cambridge .... 4-3 *l-4 Yarmouth .... •7 3-1 Malvern .... 5-3 3-0 Derby •1 2-1 Scarborough 2-2 3-8 Southport .... 2-0 2-8 Macclesfield .... 3-1 3-5 Leamington •9 2-8 Kidderminster . 3-9 *l-3 Torquay .... 2-4 4-1 Glossop 2-3 Rhyl •7 3-8 Wharfedale .... 3-0 •2 Isle of Wight . . . 2-G 1-3 Falmouth .... 5-4 3-2 Cromer 3-0 *l-2 Stafford 2-8 3-8 Bath •6 3-0 Cockermouth 2-6 1-1 Cheltenham •2 2-4 Whitehaven .... •1 3-0 Wrexham .... 2-6 2-7 Easthampstead *-5 2-8 Gain. These instances are sufficient to show that the material losses are not restricted to country districts. If we assume that the course of children's migrations was pretty constant as between 1891 and 1901, an assumption not altogether rash 10-2 K/KfhduVfi Ixrci'iit Prugrcss. we must coiichulo tliat soinowlKit altered conditions prevailed in the live yoai-s, commencing with age 0-5 and ending with age 5-10. It appears that residential and military places gained many more children than in the preceding live years, and that the large towns gained a very small numher of girls, whilst the rural districts, the colliery districts, and the places where textile goods are manufactured, all sustained losses. Let ITS first see how the gaining districts stood, taking in the whole movement up to age 5-10 : — Birmingham Sheffield . Manchester Hull . . Liverpool Coventry . Ipswich . Gloucester Reading . Carlisle . Stockport Rochdale , Burnley . Keighley , Doncaster Rugby. Southampton Grimsby . Wellingborough . Swindon . Rotherham . Tilbury . . . Kettering Luton Millom ^Middlesbro' . Nuneaton. Chesterfield . Ashbv-de-la-Zouch Godstone Dover . .Vge :.-io. Uain or Loss per cent.* Males. ! Fema'es. 4-3 4-5 4-1 3-9 3-8 4-6 3-0 3-0 2-8 1-6 7-9 4-7 3-8 3-7 13-4 12-0 12-8 8-0 8-0 7-3 6- 6- 4- ■ 3- 3- 2- 13-5 4-9 6-0 15-5 10-0 4-9 4-4 3-8 3-4 31 7-8 7-0 4-1 3-0 14-7 18-2 12-7 6-6 5-2 8-8 3-9 6-3 5-1 2-1 4-4 3-7 If 9 4-0 •7 10-3 8-2 Chatham Aldershot (North) Weymouth . St. Germans Plymouth Folkestone Deal . . Portsmouth W^indsor. Salisbury Brentwood . j\Iaidenhead Easthampstead Southend Blackpool Thanet . Staines . Uxbridge Harrogate Heme Bay Watford Worthing Llandudno ^lorecambe Reigate . Guildford Tunbridge Bedford . Weston-super-]\ Hastings Clacton . Eastbourne Poole Cromer . Rhyl . Bournemouth Mai A fie .'>-10. Gain or Loss per cent.* Males. Females. - Ciilculated on estimated number of survivors. The gains here shown are in many cases of great magnitude, especially in certain residential districts. Some of the residential places are how- ever losers, as already noted. The losses of children are not so remarkable, even in the rural residues of counties. EnrjlancVs ticccnt Progress. 10c Age 5-10 . Loss Ajre 5-10. Loss or Gain per cent.* | or Gain per cent.* Males. 1 Females. Males. Females. Oxford 2-2 1 4-7 Sheerness | 4-6 5-8 Cambridge . 4-3 1-5 Canterbury . 3-7 4-0 Wakefield. . 2-1 4-0 Farnham . •7 5-2 Maidstone 2-0 4-0 Colchester 1-5 3-5 Saddleworth 11-5 16-4 Malvern . . 8-9 3-0 Glossop . 12-3 11-5 Residues viz ■ — Macclesfield 8-1 5-9 Cumberland . - 9'1 8-5 Huddersfield 6-2 6-4 Lancashire 7-8 9-6 Kidderminste r 3-1 8-2 G-0 5-6 Dewsbury. 4-0 4-6 Wilts 5-9 5-8 Bury . . 3-6 4-0 MonTTinuth 5-2 5-8 Haslingden 3-7 3-8 York . . 5-0 5-4 Helston . 11-0 7-1 Norfolk. . 5-0 5-1 Cockermouth 10-3 7-5 Denbigh 4-1 4-5 Stafford . 8-7 7-8 Durham 3-8 6-0 Whitehaven 7-8 7-5 Gloucester . 4-6 3-7 Barrow 7-0 6-4 Cornwall 2-7 5-1 Redruth . 4-4 6-0 Lincoln . 3-3 3-7 Burton-on-Trent 3-4 6-1 Northampton 1-6 3-9 Penzance . 1-1 6-9 Bucks . 3-5 1-6 Wolverhampton 2-1 3-6 Carmarthen 1-6 3-2 Calculated ou estimated number of survivors. Slighter gains 01 losses affected the remaining districts . viz. : — Age 5-10. Age 5-10. Gain or Loss. Gain oi Loss. Males. ' Females. Males. Females. Leicester 1 1-4 2-9 Crewe "5 •8 Leeds . 1-5 1 7 Falmouth . 20 2-2 Nottingham 1-1 1 6 Bristol . 1-7 1 2 Barnsley . 1-2 2-0 London . •7 6 Glamorgan . Durham . 2-0 2-1 1-3 •7 Lincoln . 2-3 4 Wrexham . Lynn . 20 2 5 Cannock. 1-0 1-9 Yarmouth 2-3 6 Wigan . •2 1-9 Norwich . lO 2 •3 1-2 York . . 10 8 Brighton 2-4 2-4 Northampton 1-4 I Cheltenham ■8 1-8 Derby . 2-6 I 3 Isle of Wight •3 1-7 Worcester 2'4 I 8 Scarborough 12 1-5 Exeter 12 2 I Southport . 1-8 •6 Chester . i-o 2 4 Torquay . •2 1-8 Preston . Oldham . •4 1-0 2 2 3 4 Leamington Bath . . . 2-9 2-2 2-2 2-4 Ashton-under Bolton Blackburn -Lj ne •7 •9 •5 1-7 1 1 1 5 1 Rural residues — Sussex 2-8 1-4 Halifax T Carnarvon . 2-2 •8 2-4 2-7 1-7 1-9 1-3 •8 1-8 2-1 2-8 Bradford . Leek . Todmorden Wharfedalo 1-3 1-9 ! 2-4 10 I I 2 3 6 4 8 Essex Montgomery Hants Kent . Stafford . Walsall . 1-9 7 Salop. 2-6 2 9 Potteries . 1-7 •5 Leicester 1-8 2-5 10-4 EnglainVfi Ileccnt Progrcsfi. It is at all events clear that in a good many cases the numbers attaining the age 0-10 are either inflated or depleted by migrations to an extent we cannot disregard, when we are considering the proportion of those enumerated at somewhat higher ages to the births of which they are the survivors. I-ot us introduce here some information as to the numbers counted in 1901 at the age 5-10, compared with the recorded births in the districts before noticed as gaining most bv earlv migrations. Survivors counted, .Survivors counted, aged 5-10. Per cent. aged 5-10. Per cent. Gaining districts. on births. Gaining districts. on births. Males. Females. Males. Females. Hull 37-85 38-41 Windsor .... 43-87 42-46 Manchester 35 75 36 04 Dover .... 44 08 43 63 Birmingham . 38 07 38 89 Aldershot (North) 44 11 45 36 Sheffield .... 36 23 36 90 Deal .... 44 16 44 40 Liverpool .... 36 16 36 33 Weymouth . St. Germans . 44 45 83 03 45 45 84 50 Coventry .... 40 57 40 32 Godstone . 50 56 48 63 Gloucester .... 39 84 39 96 Salisbury . 44 96 41 26 Ipswich .... 40 60. 41 89 Reading .... 41 27 41 61 Brentwood 47 57 47 37 Carlisle .... 40 00 41 02 jMaidenhead . Easthampstead . 45 45 07 69 44 43 19 47 Rochdale .... 39 27 40 59 Keighley .... 39 22 39 29 Pieigate . 47 73 49 40 Burnley .... 35 86 36 81 Heme Bay 51 04 49 51 Stockport .... 37 53 38 59 Uxbridge . Staines 51 53 72 96 53 51 44 09 Rotherham 39 63 39 27 Thanet . 53 49 47 73 Southampton . 45 10 44 91 Southend . 56 14 58 93 Swindon .... 44 32 44 84 Blackpool. 51 64 52 91 Doncaster .... 42 04 43 25 Watford . 50 63 49 53 Wellingborough . 44 00 42 79 Worthing 49 08 47 31 Kettering .... 41 38 41 80 Harrogate 48 98 49 31 Luton 41 68 41 12 Llandudno 1 47 35 46 61 Grimsby .... 40 56 40 45 Guildford . ' 46 66 44 84 Tilbury 43 79 43 18 Tunbridge 45 66 43 03 Rugby 47 58 50 35 Weston-super -Mare 45 56 45 65 Middlesbro' 37 63 38 30 Bedford . 45 55 44 52 Millom 38 66 42 14 Eastbourne 44 57 42 43 Nuneaton .... 43 78 44 31 Hastings . 44 20 44 17 Ashby-de-la-Zouch . 42 19 39 58 Morecambe 43 19 43 43 Chesterfield 40 18 40 39 Bournemouth Rtyl ^ . 42 41 76 38 43 42 21 69 Plymouth .... 39 93 40 32 Cromer . 43 47 45 67 Portsmouth . 40 38 40 31 Clacton 43 38 45 89 Chatham .... 42 67 42 84 Poole . . 43 84 41 71 Folkestone. 42-92 44-54 As already shown, the average survivors in England and Wales are 37 -95 males, 38-28 females; and in the residential districts 40-78 males, 40-92 females. These are the numbers which I believe would have survived, had there been no migrations. The next Table relates to the districts where losses seem to have occurred. Sussex (the residue) appears to gain children exceptionally ; the survivors counted were 44 • 29 males, 43 • 60 females per 100 births. England's Becent Progress. 105 Survivors counted. Survivors counted, aged 5-10. Per cent. aged 5-10. Per cent. Losing districts. on births. Losing districts. on birtns. - Males. Females. Males. Fem lies. 09 Cambridge . 38-27 40-29 Wolverhampton . 34-92 35- Oxford . . 39-27 38-92 Wakefield . 35-75 35-70 Canterbury . 37-97 37-67 ]\Iaidstoue . 38-72 38-18 Sheerness. Farnham . 38-26 39-76 37-72 38-17 Dewsbury . 33-38 34-37 39-74 37-86 Huddersfield 35-48 36-49 Saddleworth 34-81 33-05 Residues, viz. _ Bury 34-58 35-16 Lancashire 36 48 35 66 Haslingden 35-36 36-18 Cumberland 38 34 38 56 Macclesfield 85-63 36-59 York . . 38 81 38 86 Glossop . 32-26 33-43 Monmouth 39 41 39 14 Kidderminster 38-50 37-34 Durham . 39 53 38 85 Malvern 38-72 41-84 Denbigh . 38 89 38 54 Burton-on-Trent 38-54 37-54 Lincoln . 39 74 39 84 Stafford . . 37-68 37-82 Norfolk . 39 90 39 90 Whitehaven 35-85 36-42 Devon . 40 28 39 58 Cockermouth 35-20 36-74 Gloucester 40 39 40 ri Millom . 38-66 42-14 Wilts . . 40 47 40 52 Barrow . 35-51 35-96 Bucks . 40 54 41 50 Redruth 35-39 35-32 Carmarthen 39 67 39 30 Helston 34-38 35-99 Cornwall . 39 89 39 40 Penzance . 37-73 36-15 Northampton 40-84 40-13 If Malvern (and some other residential places) appear to lose a few of the children born there, possibly most of those so lost were children of temporary residents. The ratios of apparent survivors calculated upon the numbers of births show a very wide range. In such a place as Southend the numbers counted much exceed the original births ; in Glossop they are materially below the probable number of survivors. But the figures previously furnished give the best measure obtainable of these local gains and losses. It will be noticed that the ratios of counted children to births in gaining districts, as shown on page opposite, are in several instances low, especially in large towns and textile manufacturing places, but this is accounted for by the heavy infantile mortality experienced in such places. Coming now to the losses and gains at later ages, as compared with the figures at age 5-10, the following Table of differences in the several classes is derived from the ratios already tabulated : — Excess oi Deficiency of 1 atios * coniparei MALES with those at 5-10. 10-13. 13— 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— Military districts .... 1-66 2-67 1-96 1-99 5-36 4-86 20-42 Residential districts 2 06 1-82 1-88 1-20 -02 340 408 Miscellaneous districts 4 19 5-24 4-32 6-97 -67 2-33 14-09 Colliery districts 1 13 •67 •33 -09 -63 -21 1-87 Old towns 20 •51 i-i8 •88 2-00 3-17 I 79 Large towns 40 1-27 1-29 1-56 2-21 2-71 1-86 Industrial places 46 •60 -90 1-56 I-71 3-21 254 Textile manufacturing places 48 1-08 •36 -92 -62 I -SB 1-54 Rural residues . I 64 2-25 2-93 3^79 4-43 749 8-50 England and Wales . •24 •95 i-ii 1-46 1-74 308 2-26 * These are the ratios of SUl vi vor i cou ited per cent, u pnn tota 1 births. loi; Kiighind's Ecccnt Progrcsfi. Excess 01 Deflcie ncy t>f ratios * eoinparec with those at 6-10. FEMALES. 10-13. 13— 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— Military districts I S3 242 2-77 2^6l 2-33 227 I 55 Residential districts . 1 75 2-14 2^30 3-45 4-79 5^55 ^•07 MisccUancous districts 07 265 5-29 2-56 3-.S2 5 -73 6-92 Colliery districts 1 16 •03 •62 1-77 2-41 231 1-51 Old tovyns 08 •94 •19 •01 •27 i^09 •44 Large towns 26 ■8Q 117 •62 •24 1^09 3^03 Industrial places 01 1-02 2-64 339 409 5-34 442 Textile manufacturing places S6 •64 •23 •yo 1^42 •57 2^48 Rural residues . I 79 349 554 677 793 949 987 England and Wales . ■28 i^09 1-84 2-02 I 93 2^l6 I^II Probable loss by mortality alone . -60 •85 1*00 115 I 30 1-45 I -60 * These are the ratios of survivors counted per cent, upon total births. Condensing from this Table, and allowing for assuyned losses by death, the results of migrations alone to the date of the Census in 1901 may be summarised thus : — Gains or Losses by Migrat ons.* Males. Females. 5-10 to 14-15. 14-15 to 18-19. Total. 5-10 to 14-15. 14-15 to 18-19. Total. Militan,' districts •96 22-98 22^02 I 77 1^82 •05 Residential districts . 2 88 536 2 48 3^30 4 37 7 67 Miscellaneous districts 5 32 10-37 15 69 429 I 03 S 32 Colliery districts 1 33 2-U 3 47 •38 29 09 Old towns .... 18 •01 19 1^19 85 2 04 Large towns .... 29 •03 26 •17 4 80 4 63 Industrial places 10 I 04 94 1-64 I 18 2 82 Textile manufacturing places . 64 •58 06 •77 3 31 4 08 Rural residues .... I 93 497 6 90 454 3 73 8 27 England and Wales . •II •55 •66 •84 1^33 •49 * Percentages upon total births (of both se.xes). It should be noticed that in the larger Table, and in this Summary, it is tacitly assumed that the migrations of young people year by year are similar. The care of the education and health of our children does really present the same problems year by year, and the regularity of the gains or losses shown seems to corroborate the idea that in large masses of popula- tion similarly employed there is a degree of constancy in the movements of young persons. Smaller populations exhibit much less regular movements, and errors in the returns of ages affect them more. When we compare the numbers surviving at each year of age from 14-15 to 18-19, making due allowance for deaths, we see a steady tendency towards gain or loss in the great majority of cases, and any apparent aberration in one or more years may be regarded with comparative indifference. The figures given below are arrived at in the same way as those shown EnglancVs Becent Progress. 107 in the summary Table, but show the ratios of apparent loss or gain by migrations up to each age from 14-15 to 18-19 after allowing for mortality : — Males. t emales. Gains or Losses* fi om 5-10 to Gain or Losses* from 5-10 to H— 15— 16— 17— 18— 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— Military districts. •q6 3^14 6-66 6-31 22-02 1-77 1^46 I 03 •82 •05 Residential ,, 2-88 2 35 1 28 1-95 2 48 3 •SO 4^60 6^09 7^00 '/•6V Miscellaneous dis-"l tricts . . ./ Colliery districts . 5-32 8 12 63 3^78 15 69 429 141 222 428 5-32 1-33 1 06 1 93 1^66 3 47 •38 •62 I^II •86 •09 Old towns . •i8 27 70 1^72 19 1^19 1-16 1^57 •36 2^04 Large towns . •29 41 91 I 26 26 •17 •53 1^54 2^54 4^63 Industrial places . •10 41 41 I 76 94 1^64 2 24 279 3»9 282 Textile manufac-1 turing places . f •64 23 68 •13 06 •77 1^45 2^72 2^02 4^08 Rural residues 1-93 2 64 3 13 6-04 6 90 454 5-62 663 8^04 827 England and Wales •II •31 •44 I 63 •66 •84 ■87 •63 ■71 •49 * Percentages on total births (of both sexes). Gains at particular years of age, such as the gain of males in military districts at age 18- (equal to 15-71 per cent, on births), must be approximately arrived at by taking the differences between successive columns of figures : the gradual gain of girls in residential places and in large towns illustrates this. We can now proceed to set out the facts as arrived at for each district, dealing wnth the districts in classes. The gains of males between the age 5-10 and the ages 14-18 are almost confined to the military, residential and colliery classes and the small group " miscellaneous." Many of these districts, which gainers of children up to the age 5-10 : — Military. I have marked with an asterisk, were Males. Females. Gains or Losses from 5-10 to Gains or Losses from 5-10 to 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— *St. Germans . 16^73 68^90t 100 •74121 -57 6^06 864 668 11 23 508 694 *Weymouth 0-2 24 10 100 •28§ 86 15§ 29 28 2-85 2-09 283 3-00 •02 Farnham . 3^99 1 29 253 09 84 48 ■21 1 4-37 423 477 •12 *Deal . . . •36 3 66 5-70 12 54 59 75 490 i 916 7-44 846 912 Canterbury 420 66 346 6 13 57 85 540 ! -65 2^21 •53 •18 *Aldershot (N.) 8-84 12 63 10-98 9 46 52 75 •14 ^ 4-04 V6i I 05 484 *Godstone . 237 94 V6S 46 38 89 •63 1 759 6-45 1-47 1-01 Colchester . 4^07 2 67 3-29 15 59 36 26 6^16 2^59 7^17 9-17 5^97 * Folkestone 4'24 2 97 2^73 4 4S 24 90 •17 1 4^92 10^54 14^83 12^09 * Dover . 1^62 1 25 1^04 ss 24 16 2-75 -95 •86 399 2^52 *Chatham . 116 20 1^07 65 ■22 38 348 509 3-82 500 3 24 Sheerness . 6^14 02 257 21 52 20 30 291 i 627 I 29 4- 15 764 * Portsmouth . 218 09 •39 2 47 11 54 1^21 i^S6 I^OI •08 2^34 *Plymouth . 299 4 53 9^60 7 19 8 44 2-86 •47 •65 •75 •20 *Windsor •87 4 S2 4^01 4 SI 60 •71 1^11 •28 2-33 •28 *Salisbury . 408 348 690 9-01 725 •38 ' 2-50 2^73 ' 2-77 I 90 Mainly on H.M. ships. $ Mainly on II. M. ships at I'ortlanil. 108 EnghniiVs I\cccnt Progress. The only military districts which reaUy attract young women are Folkestone and Colchester. The elllux of young men from Salisbury and Windsor in search of employment exceeds the number of soldiers attracted at these ages. Eesidential. I shall divide these districts at once into those which show a tangible gain of children at the age 5-10, and those which do not show such gain. The following twenty show substantial gains of such children : — Males. Females — Gains or Losses from 5-10 to Gains or Losses fi om 5-10 to 14— 15- 16— 17— 18- 14— 15— 16— 17- IS— Llandudno . . | 4*74 11-80 14-14 2-11 11-87 14-35 20-09 25-56 21^51 31-20 Harrogate 114-86 18 28 12 85 10 04 11-26 16 47 28-75 25 95 39 64 30 70 Eastbourne 4-06 95 1 09 5 48 2-50 9 69 18-95 27 10 32 26 29 54 Blackpool 12-78 10 01 8 96 6 32 12-11 10 73 9-23 10 95 13 45 20 09 Bedford . 11-40 14 88 13 08 5 62 5-69 7 58 7-21 14 11 11 92 12 01 Southend* 7-28 I 07 1 68 2 85 7-01 7 04 2-32 3 39 10 48 7 85 Guildford 11-00 7 70 6 62 8 45 10-88 I 98 3-01 1 04 I 90 3 53 Morecambe 3-84 2 05 5 27 5 43 9-40 I 60 -07 4 74 4 05 3 23 Hastings . -34 2 34 3 80 2 68 312 5 14 7-45 9 73 10 25 13 36 Worthing 3-00 1 03 I SI 6 48 684 8 48 12-53 5 53 11 82 7 70 Thanet . 6-85 1 08 6 57 II 04 12 87 9 86 11-85 7 54 5 78 7 69 Tunbridge i -99 3 73 I 23 2 55 715 2 15 5-27 1 71 5 20 4 94 Watford . ! 4-68 72 2 43 5 02 580 4 64 •80 53 2 22 4 60 Weston-super Mare 1 2-62 91 8 02 9 91 7-48 3 77 6-41 5 08 9 10 1 86 Reigate . •46 4 41 3 68 1 45 117 34 2-52 3 48 2 38 I 45 Heme Bay 5-07 I 09 74 13 58 16 -99 40 2-47 6 41 1 43 3 32 Cromer i 1-65 56 3 12 3 45 2-22 3 69 333 3 28 9 63 7 08 Clacton 2-64 6 48 18 88t 2 36 605 55 752 5 28 9 06 9 61 Uxbridgo . 6-53 10 31 II 64 13 63 12-56 14 35 16-51 18 59 17 91 12 31 Staines 12-U4t 4-16 10-99 12-87 13-51 •37 683 10 14 780 13 79 * School of Gunnery. f Scholars. X Mainly at Harwich and probably on board H.M. ships there. The first six show solid additional gains of either sex ; but Guildford and Morecambe appear less attractive for girls than for boys at the time of the year at which the Census was taken. The six next after Morecambe show losses of boys eventually much more than neutralizing any previous gain. The figures for Eeigate are not striking. The remaining five lose large numbers of both sexes, the temporary gains in the Clacton district and in Staines having doubtless some local explana- tion. The loss of boys from Heme Bay deserves special mention. The remaining tw^elve do not attract many children up to the age 5-10 (see next Table). Many districts which attract young children do not continue to attract boys after 15 — for example, Thanet and Heme Bay, and a smaller number fail to retain girls — for instance, Clacton and Uxbridge. On the other hand, districts which exercise httle attraction for infants begin to attract rather later ; amongst these are Bournemouth, Malvern, Bath and Cheltenham. Places which attract neither infants nor young persons to any great EnglancVs Recent Progress. 109 Males. j b'emales. Gains or Losses from 5-10 to Gains or Losses from 5-10 to 14— 15— 16— 17— 18- Il- 15— 16— 17— 18— Bournemouth 4^65 9^16 12-73 12^29 18-77 ls -30 30-15 43-96 45-79 65-34 (Jbeltenliaiu . 4 43 5^28 6 18 I 99 5- 13 5 17 10-99 17-39 18 58 17 64 Bath . . 7 02 3-46 3 28 •96 731 4 62 6-44 10-28 7 23 11 14 ]\Ialvern . 13 43 14-28 21 20 10-66 1-50 10 92 7-77 13-73 8 92 10 62 Poole* 14 4^33 15 •S8 4-67 3 22 5-51 7-39 9 82 16 78 Brighton . 1 10 1^09 79 4"37 506 5 70 7-16 6-49 8 72 9 14 Southport 81 4^51 33 -20 1-74 1 90 3-14 7-38 8 24 8 74 Scarborough 84 298 85 2-90 6-93 40 4-55 ■21 4 63 5 78 Rhyl . . 50 2^25 I 13 -19 4-51 67 2-51 1-33 59 13 Leamington 3 ,37 I 35 4 19 1-46 -76 3 84 •69 3-03 4 21 1 98 Torquay . I 22 1-12 2 03 8-31 6-81 1 26 I 23 3-30 08 1 81 Isle of Wight 421 2-90 555 595 6-94 3-50 2-08 3- OS 2-01 1-32 Heie there is a gain of boys up to age 5-10. extent are the Isle of Wight, Torquay and Leamington, and with them it would hardly be unfair to class Scarborough and Ehyl. Colliery Districts. Glamorgan Nuneaton. Wrexham. Cannock . Barnsley . Ashby-de-la Zouch . Chesterfield Durham . Wigan . Males. Gains or Losses from 5-10 to 2-28 4-54 2-70 1-38 •06 1^09 •38 •99 2-97 1-40 -09 1-82 6-31 1-98 2-03 356 1-79 •65 •21 •85 Females. Gains or Losses from 5-10 to •07 1-31 -77 6-94 -37 1-96 •28 742 -90 I -06 -78 1-70 -58 1-76 -08 •90 -58 •28 •36 3^41 171 10-23 521 308 1-75 -07 02 1-38 5-01 3-21 10-86 2-36 2-68 525 10-91 18— 690 6-15 6-62 543 2-89 1-03 -48 364 •46 3^92 •60 650 10-33 6-99 6-64 325 •43 ■56 Nuneaton, Chesterfield and x\shby-de-la-Zouch gained children up to 5-10, and, as shown, Nuneaton made further gains, but that place and Glamorgan probal)ly received whole families of immigrants. The loss of young women in Cannock was unusually heavy. The movements in the important Durham group were curiously shght. The few " miscellaneous " are now shown : — Males. Gains or Losses from 6-10 to Females. Gains or Losses from 6-in to 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— 14— 15— 1 16— 1 17— IS— Easthanipstead . Brentwood Maidenhead . 16-17* 3 -531 •19 28-57* •99 1^07 6-64 19^69* •16 3^88 •05 699 65-01* 7-35 12-49t 6-68 6-88 -18 2-78 4-61 I 33 8-58 1-86 210 775 2-34 2-8i 1 5-12 7 97 i-io * Sandhurst C ollege C! idets. t Workh luse Sch ool. t y Varley Barracks. no Enfflaiid's liccriif Progress. Ill the largo towns, old towns and inanutactuving places producing textile falmos the chief phcuomcuou is a uioderato women. TjAhge Towns. gam ol young Males. Females Gains or Losses fi (1111 i'j-lO to Gi lins or Losses from ."j-io to 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— 14— 15— 16— 17— 1 18— Leicester . •48 8^39 2-82 •13 1-77 •93 5^73 5^97 4^92 8^49 Bristol . . . 1-02 •08 •15 286 243 2^04 3^48 5^02 1^88 3^17 Leeds .... 1-06 1^35 2-91 1^48 •90 2^61 3^74 3^57 3^34 4^66 Birmingham •50 •eS ^23 •12 -37 •34 •66 1^51 1^94 ' 3^66 London . •33 30 iio 1-33 -03 •21 •54 1^83 3-20 ! 5-80 Hull .... •91 -GO ^89 I 92 •38 1^47 •06 •13 •94 i 2^31 Sheffield . . . ; 1-15 -48 ! -4:2 •03 1^05 •60 *44 1-06 1-18 : 2-40 Manchester . . ' •01 06 i ^12 •14 •03 •01 •26 2^14 3^24 i 3-67 Liverpool i-8o 298 3-16 3-29 2-01 ' 2-41 1-63 I 98 •47 1 1^31 Nottingham* 4-17 4-50 544 497 j 479 I 53 i^63 2^14 •31 1 3-40 * These flgui-es being for Nottingham as in 1901, do not compare with the Table in Appendix C, but with a Table in Appendi.\ G. Birmingham, Hull, Sheffield, Manchester and Liverpool seem to have gained rather many children up to the age 5-10 ; of these only Liverpool shows sensible loss a little later, due perhaps to the fact that some of the immigrant children would have claims upon them (or might possess openings) elsewhere. Old Towns. The " old " towns are very varied in character, with some reference to their apparent prosperity. They are arranged Males. 1 Females Gains or Losses fi om 5-10 to Gains or Losses from 5-10 to 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— Cambridge . 2^21 3^33 3^35 I 82 I 80 3-38 3^56 8^84 2^20 11^98 Worcester . •42 3^03 ' 2^40 •77 •08 1-88 4^86 5 •80 5 •50 1 8^97 *Coventry "34 2^53 1 2-56 280 4^94 3^95 2-35 4 •57 I •83 6^83 Oxford . . . 2^65 2^06 1 ^63 •91 407 4-66 6^21 6 10 5 •05 4^75 Northampton . 1^68 1-58 •04 1-40 •70 7^36 5^49 4 63 3 59 4-07 *Reading . 7^59 3^29 7.72 1^97 3^58 2-63 3-93 02 2 62 4-05 Norwich •20 •14 I-I9 I-8S 2^10 •90 1^91 3 46 3 13 1 3-87 *Gloucester . 2^88 2^54 •51 •q8 I "39 4-05 3-87 3 00 I 82 3-85 Derby •66 •79 29 I 72 •78 •48 1-09 3 18 1 58 3^81 Yarmouth . 4^12 127 ; 678 3-47 499 •52 1-56 24 2 68 2^20 York .... 2-07 3-49 1 1^23 •44 8-10 I 97 •73 1 97 23 I 26 Exeter . I 05 •69 95 4 04 364 4-69 •90 1 23 12 1^16 Chester . 1-73 •24 249 218 •91 •89 •22 5S 3 61 •31 Wakefield . . 2-69 •28 ^15 •6s 1^31 2^x4 218 I 97 3 63 I ■ 16 *Carlisle . . . 2-47 •44 2-51 •52 •08 •II 2^14 27 6 72 227 *Ips%vich . I -10 2-17 1-59 2-31 89 1-41 •88 1 62 1 48 2-44 Lynn •55 5^13 488 292 273 403 2-01 48 2- 36 249 Maidstone . •49 236 337 391 1-13 •53 301 19 6 58 356 Lincoln . 2-42 2^15 257 367 252 116 379 615 458 495 * Tliese places show gains of children aged 5-10. England's Becent Progress, 111 Out of nineteen places only Eeading, Coventry, York and Cambridge show any persistency in attracting young men, and of these Cambridge loses in the last two years more than all that had been gained. The first ten places show real gains of young women. Textile Manufacturing Places. Males. Gains or Losses from 5-10 to Females. Gains or Losses fi"om 5-10 to 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— 14— 15— 16— 5-41 17— 18— Keighley . •81 7^97 1 57 8 50 3 53 4 75 10 34 11^83 9 52 Burnley . 6^70 4^30 4 79 4 70 3 89 5 15 8 65 6^71 8^24 9 48 Stockport . 3^59 2^20 98 36 40 93 2 62 4^26 3-26 7 68 Bolton 3^12 2^68 3 95 1 70 1 41 3 47 4 25 4^94 2^52 4 85 Blackburn •97 l^OO 70 98 81 1 57 68 2^06 1^19 5 10 Bury .... 1-25 I 50 29 01 1 75 67 41 2^81 1^86 2 18 Preston . I^OI l■l^ I 47 I 32 28 3 29 I 58 •03 •33 3 21 Haslingden . 1-50 •87 16 I 78 I 83 2 77 71 4-28 1^13 2 42 Oldham . •75 1-25 1 02 2 07 1 34 I 33 I 17 •23 2^09 3 97 Ashton-under- \ Lyne . . ./ 2^10 •63 I 81 •39 30 81 83 1-14 •22 2 22 Todmorden . 3^04 ■77 36 I 57 73 1 95 86 3^54 •99 6 04 Wharfedale . 2-36 2^29 4 11 1^22 2 10 I 16 83 2^29 •26 1 24 Bradford . SO •12 2 11 •15 39 75 3 30 5^03 3^12 5 62 Halifax . •28 •28 68 •73 1 46 1 90 1 53 2^88 2-41 3 89 Dewsbury •40 1^04 1 25 I 32 70 1 93 1 10 3-49 1^66 2 71 Rochdale . i^7i 2-i6 I 44 494 3 63 I 63 I 60 •18 I 29 1 66 Leek .... •40 349 2 76 2^04 4 87 2 50 I 95 2-55 469 3 25 Huddersfield . 113 2-99 I 65 •10 2 08 91 87 •75 1-61 3 56 Glossop . 1^65 1-49 3 55 2-95 I 63 73 78 3-04 4^24 2 12 Saddleworth . 2-03 517 6 76 832 8 38 2 25 90 532 1-96 4 79 Kidderminster . i^7i 363 7 05 753 8 90 14 I 92 2-00 •27 44 Macclesfield . 2^24 i^48 I 57 2-45 5 82 3 08 I 61 •63 I 42 1 64 There is not a very important attraction for l)oys oven in the four places ranked first and in Glossop, and it seems often to die away after 17. As respects girls, a gain of some importance is nearly general. Leek, 11-2 England's Bcccnt Progress. Saddlowortli and (as respects males) Kiddorminsfcor show losses of some maj^uitude. Industrial. The remaining industrial places may be divided into twelve which attract children up to the aire 5-10, and thirteen others. And first, as to the twelve : — Mr les. Kcmales Gains or Losses from 5-10 to Gains or Losses from 5-10 to 14— 15— 16— 17— 1^ 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— Kettering 3-26 4-76 6^47 7-03 12^29 •55 7-35 7-05 9^60 9^04 Wellingborougli 4 25 2 29 2 57 2 .39 2-26 1^52 2-37 4-70 •03 1-22 Grimsby . 48 1 50 91 2 39 •50 1-18 1-49 3-15 1-54 5^06 Rotherham 1 34 92 94 90 2-24 2-85 229 456 4-20 520 Doncaster 3 80 1 90 4 87 2 20 3-34 1^87 •65 349 395 I 76 Rugby 6 99 14 02 9 22 ' 3 27 419 12 94 12 72 II -60 II 88 14-44 Swindon . B 73 10 44 4 31 i 4 04 11-70 4^79 1-77 6-21 357 240 Tilbury* . 23 66 13 02 10 71 14 58 17-12 2^42 9-02 7-48 484 2-86 Luton . 3 6.S 3 31 3 69 7 48 726 .S-o.S •50 2-12 1-32 3-32 ^lillom 61 2 99 .S 36 2 63 2-40 7-19 .S-66 7-84 9-26 9-64 Middlesboio" 74 2 08 2 78 4 .S3 2-03 1-67 487 520 6-31 489 Southampton . 1^45 •91 i-o6 4-45 4-25 1-17 •03 2-77 324 -19 * Training ship " Exmoutli, School ship "Cornwall." Industrial School ship "Shaftesbury," and Thames Reformatory The extraordinary rush of young women away from Eugby must claim notice. The " colliery " element in Eotherham and Doncaster seems to" be responsible for a smaller exodus. Millom, Middlesbro' and Tilbury can hardly be supposed to have any attraction for young women. The thirteen districts which do not attract many children are next shown : — Males. B'emales Gains or Losses fr om &-10 to Gains or Losses fi om 5-10 to 14— 15- 16— 17— 18— 14- 15— 16— 17- 18— WalsaU . . . -27 2^41 1-85 •24 2-34 1-96 1-12 2^05 -81 3-74 Redruth . 2-38 1-91 3-82 •43 2-89 •23 2- .^8 2-12 1-62 -62 Crewe .... I 05 •40 2-10 2-39 2-13 1^76 316 303 6-22 6-22 Cockermouth •70 3-26 319 -13 1-19 342 571 493 4-01 211 Whitehaven . 4-64 5-65 243 938 9-22 7-00 677 788 9-40 975 Barrow 452 •21 397 4- 14 4-17 1-22 1 4-58 5-83 10 78 991 Burton-on-Treut 1-07 I 39 -03 232 2-63 2-33 1 3-21 569 723 6 46 Stafford . . . I 76 1-72 2-75 323 475 6-26 4-29 3-69 712 6 49 Potteries . •42 •12 -01 I 47 ■45 •68 i 1-34 •91 1-09 -18 WolverhampLuu . 1-35 1-69 I -.55 2-47 I 59 311 3'02 376 468 3-84 Penzance . 296 2-20 1-03 2-49 5-17 295 I 16 2-83 308 270 Falmouth 556 5-28 296 -99 909 207 547 5- 10 293 I 57 Helston . 1-31 015 2-17 1-49 4-92 4-89 576 678 509 7-70 These districts are on the whole losing young people of both sexes after the age 5-10, if we except the first two. It is noticeable that just when Ccckei mouth gains a few boys (age 17-) the neighbouring district of Whitehaven loses a large number. England's Recent Progress. 113 EUEAL EeSIDUES. It will be seen that few contrasts are possible between districts, every one of which is losing young people. Eleven residues show a smaller loss at the higher ages than the rest, and are mostly associated with manu- factures or with mining. Males. Females. Gains or Losses from 5-10 to Gains or Losses from 5-10 to 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— 14— 15— J 6— 1 17— 18— Lancashire . •31 218 1-31 ! 330 331 ■8, 330 416 419 4-48 York . . 239 •«5 126 325 446 316 2-87 446 530 549 Durham . 306 499 262 573 5-38 411 574 •17 240 1-91 Cumberland I 48 3" •83 280 339 246 2 -.55 •.S8 3-88 1-85 Leicester . 1-87 I 56 •64 I 383 3-26 279 277 I 96 3 -18 I 92 Stafford . 2-55 I 07 256 1 415 445 4-35 471 7-84 8-39 7 54 Carnarvon 218 260 473 i 555 748 3 -.55 2-44 4-71 5 -.54 6-27 Carmarthen ■71 2-97 107 489 594 I 43 1-88 1-46 398 292 Denbigh . 1-45 4 75 •46 j 3-13 492 2-64 216 3-78 687 942 Cornwall . 253 2-77 433 7^15 6-77 433 5-03 6-35 469 618 Monmouth . •79 445 3^15 815 5-84 456 6*22 532 8-66 850 The remaining thirteen are to a great extent agricultural, and there has been no influence tending to counteract the desire to obtain employment elsewhere, which is at the root of most migratory movements. Males. Females Gains or Losses fr om 5-10 to Gains or Losses fi om 5-10 to 14— 15— 16— 17- 18— 14— 15— 16— 17— 18— Norfolk . 2-86 381 4-63 768 9 83 5-85 8 56 981 "•95 12-98 Wilts .... I 96 241 i 312 7-17 957 6 40 790 9-61 11-48 10-83 Gloucester 1-77 395 : 3-91 7 60 942 5 -.54 708 690 10 55 10 03 Devon •85 2-94 i 463 830 9-II 465 456 6-00 660 6 40 Sussex 2-45 318 6-20 778 8-44 554 735 9 -85 10-28 998 Hants .... 1-88 274 456 711 8-43 5 72 760 891 10-22 11-35 Montgomery . 387 455 379 756 8-14 478 478 6 62 8-68 10 06 Essex .... •38 •57 2 69 7 -34 799 6- 15 8-27 10 83 10-65 "•53 Salop .... 3-II 3-21 353 5-, 58 7-72 4-65 5-71 734 799 8-s6 Bucks .... •66 •23 334 553 6-95 5-41 683 769 955 10-95 Northampton 227 370 471 5 89 6-74 5 -.56 676 8 31 10 07 10-31 Lincoln . 291 355 204 647 623 4 60 539 571 7-53 9-10 Kent .... I 96 331 : 382 791 622 5-24 6-37 8-33 8-51 953 It will be seen that between 14- and 16-, except in the case of Sussex, the ratios of the absent males only increase by moderate steps, equalling little more than 1 per cent, on births (or say 2i- per cent, on the living- males) per annum. In Norfolk, at 17-, we have an augmented loss of males, equalling about 3 per cent, on births, and at 18- a further loss of 2 per cent. So that in two years more than 12 per cent, of the living males must have departed. 114 England's Becent Progress, In the case of females quite a large number leave Norfolk, Hants, Essex, Sussex and other counties between 14- and 15-. Essex and Kent sustain heavy loss in the next year of age ; Sussex also loses considerably. But after 16- Sussex on balance loses few or none, and the heaviest losses are experienced by Lincoln, Norfolk, Bucks, Gloucester and Hants, with Montgomery and Monmouth. I think losses in Devon and Sussex may be counterpoised by gains, as it is likely young women may to a certain extent be attracted there on account of their education, or as attendants. It might appear advisable to compute the numerical loss at each year of age, but I have decided not to do so, partly because I do not repose much contidence in the returns of ages for particular years, and partly for the reason that the mortality of the young varies in particular years to an extent which would affect the validity of figures, based on the assumption of a steady average loss. It is enough, I think, to have given the means of forming an opinion with respect to the tendency towards loss and gain in each of the 160 districts at the ages mentioned. But, by way of illustration, four examples shall be given of districts where there have been remarkable gains and losses. The estimated number of survivors has been slightly adjusted in each case, so as to bring the i-esult of migrations at ages 0-15 into harmony with the figures in Appendix C. Bournemouth (Registration District op Christchurch). Estimated Gai 1 by Per centage on Age in Births. survivors. migrations. estimated survivors.* 1901. Male. Female. Males. Females. Males. Females. Male. i Female. 0-5. . 6,548 2,864 2,858 2,921 2,824 57 34 2-0 1-2 5-10 . 6,943 2,946 2,939 2,969 3,000 23 61 •8 ; 2-1 10-13 . 3,669 1,534 1,530 1,850 1,851 316 321 20-6 21-0 13 . . 1,227 510 508 609 666 99 158 19-4 31-1 14 . . 1,252 519 518 581 720 62 202 11-9 39-0 557 708 15 . . 1,101 454 453 559 795 105 342 23-1 75-5 IG . . 1,026 422 422 556 881 134 459 31-8 ' 108-8 17 . . 972 398 397 521 851 123 454 30-9 114-3 18 . . 892 364 363 490 954 126 591 34-6 162-8 * These ratios should be comiiared witli those shown on page 109 in order to gain a truer idea as to the actual migrations. The immigration into this place evidently begins to be important soon after age 10-, and attains very considerable dimensions. The gains shown at ages 15 and upwards include of course those prior to the Census of 1891. England'' s Recent Progress. 115 EuGBY Eegistration District. Estimated Gain or Loss by Per centage on Age in 1901. Births. survivors. migrations. estimated survivors. Male. Female. Males. Females. Males. Females. Male. Female. 0-5. . 4,263 1,790 1,842 1,897 1,908 107 66 6-0 3-6 5-10 . 3,756 1,536 1,580 1,787 1,892 251 312 16-3 19-7 10-13 . 2,250 907 933 1,209 1,059 302 126 33-3 13-5 13 . . 814 326 336 401 328 75 8 23-0 24 14 . . 868 346 356 465 316 119 40 34-4 II-2 854 456 15 . . 847 337 347 512 309 175 38 51-9 ii-o 16 . . 809 320 330 449 303 129 27 40-3 8-2 17 . . 832 328 338 411 308 83 30 25-3 89 18 . . 816 320 330 341 280 21 50 6-6 151 If there be usually a gain of females, such as is shown above, at the age 5-10, then there must as frequently be a heavy loss of girls at slightly higher ages. The gain of boys at age 15- reaches its highest point. It is conceived that some of the boys attending Eugby School reside in New Bilton, outside the urban district, as there is an excess of males at ages 14 to 18 in the rural area which forms the residue of the registration district. UxBRiDGE Eegistration District. Age in 1901. Births. Estimated survivors. Counted. Gain or Loss by migrations. Per centage on estimated survivors. Male. Female. Males. Females. Males. Females. Male. Female. 0-5. . 4,816 6-10 . ! 4,283 10-13 . 2,630 13 . . 880 14 . . 869 1,990 1,708 1,033 343 337 354 361 345 329 2,093 1,797 1,087 362 356 373 380 364 346 2,271 2,215 1,210 410 384 368 363 329 323 2,286 2,289 1,217 365 331 327 314 306 340 281 507 177 67 47 193 492 130 3 25 14-1 29-7 17-1 19-5 14-0 4-0 •6 4-6 1-8 9-2 27-4 12-0 •8 70 15 . . 16 . . 17 . . 18 . . 914 936 898 860 1,079 14 2 16 6 793 ^6 123 174 160 1-7 I can only attribute the great influx of children aged 5-10 to the immigration of famihes from London. There is a workhouse school at Southall-Norwood, with 210 male and 171 female children, which may have a share in producing the result shown. In the place mentioned, and also in the urban district of Uxbridge, there is an excess of girls at the age 5-10, whilst in the rural parts there is a deficiency of girls at the same age. There is evidently an exodus of young people after 10 years of age, which ends in bringing the actual numbers at 17- lower than they would Jiave been in the absence of any migrations. I 2 116 EngJa lid's lircciif Progress. Cannock Registration District. Ag»irx 1901. Births. Estiiuatci survivors. Counteil. Gain or Loss by migrations. Per centafte on estimated survivors. j Male. Female. Males. Females. Males. Females. Male. Female. 0-5 . 7,929 i 3,267 3,262 3,435 8,399 168 137 5-1 4-2 5-10 . 7,654 3,038 3,031 3,025 2,997 13 34 •4 II 10-13 . 4,025 1,573 1,570 1,710 l,6i5 137 75 8-7 4-8 13 . . 1,314 510 509 491 513 19 4 37 •8 14 . . 1,480 573 571 547 455 26 ii6 4-5 203 247 66 15 . . 1.429 551 549 568 397 17 152 8-1 277 16 . . 1.433 550 548 498 887 52 161 95 294 17 . . 1.414 540 539 488 379 52 160 9-6 29-7 IS . . 1 . 870 522 521 537 373 15 148 2-9 284 This is an example of an unprosperous colliery district. The apparent influx of young children is neutralised b}' losses later on, and from the age 14 onwards the girls seem to seek employment elsewhere. Births : Variations in Absolute Numbers in Eecent Years. When dealing with the Registrar-General's annual reports, it is difficult to measure the decHne in the English birth rate for want of knowledge as to the movement of population since the last Census, and especially that of a part of the population, viz., married women aged 15-45. But there is no great difficulty in comparing the absolute numbers of births in groups of registration counties, it being only necessary to make such corrections for alterations of boundary as will render the figures strictly comparable. The year 1882 seems a fairly good starting point for such a calculation. The bu'ths were nearly equal in that year and the next, and upon the whole the figures were maintained with some increase until 1886. But in 1887 there was a check, wloich has continued down to the present time. In 1886, it may if^ noted, no county group fell below 97^ per cent, of the births registered in 1882, with the exception of four Welsh groups, viz., Denbigh, Carnarvon, Carmarthen and Montgomery, comprehending all Wales outside the South Wales coalfield (see Table opposite). Persons Returned as Unoccupied. There is a great deal of inequality in the proportions of young women returned as being " unoccupied." In 1901 we find :— Numbers of women in urban districts ,, „ rural districts Totals Of whom "unoccupied " in urban districts ,, ,, rural districts Totals Age 15-20 1,305,358 333,263 Age 20-i5 1,341,109 807,169 1,638,621 1,648,278 411,824 147,373 558,758 161,051 559,197 719,804 England's Becent Progress. 117 Batios op Increase or Decrease in Absolute Numbers op Births in Groups OP Registration Counties as compared with Numbers in 1882. If births in 1882 = 100, then births in 1883. 1884. 1885. 1386. 1887. Aver- age. 1888-90. Aver- age. 1891-5. Aver- age. 1896-00. Aver- age. 1901-5. 1906. Glamorgan, &c. . 101-24 107-40 109 84 110 97 108-08 113-12 131-97 137-16 150-61 153-80 Durham, &c. 101-32 106-19 101 84 102 94 100-85 102-59 110-32 115-93 125-64 127-07 Metropolitan 1 Counties . . 1 101-11 102-74 101 65 103 61 102-71 101-43 104-56 108-13 112-61 112-60 Leicester, &c. 101-77 103-91 102 95 104 04 100-69 98-58 104-75 107-71 111-40 109-57 Stafford, &c. . . 100-92 102-35 100 20 100 49 97-06 97-12 102-86 107-52 109-42 108-52 Hants, Berks 100-14 100-29 100 93 103 91 103-96 100-43100-46 101-35 103-90 106-38 Yorkshire 98-91 101-34 98 66 99 13 97-64 97-39101-10 103-60 104-25 102-80 Lancashire . 99-36 100-90 100 35 101 32 99-25 99-08102-06 103-29 102-41 102-68 Lincoln . 99-69 99-82 99 44 97 91 96-12 90-74 90-26 89-54 89-36 92-84 Wilts, Dorset . 99-44 101-11 99 30 99 10 97-42 94-83 92-75 89-27 87-41 89-24 Northampton 103-20 103-10 102 94 103 49 100-80 98-15 97-99 96-77 91-31 89-07 Sussex 99-82 99-53 96 98 97 51 94-98 91-84 93-34 91-76 90-42 88-92 Gloucester, 1 Somerset . . / 98-03 98-02 98 06 98 59 96-77 94-85 94-72 91-48 88-39 86-54 Devon 97-35 100-08 97 10 98 75 97-15 95-39 92-84 89-66 86-15 84-89 Norfolk, Suffolk . 100-75 101-91 99 65 102 00 99-36 96-14 93-18 89-41 85-47 83-01 Bucks, Oxford . 101-60 102-08 99 78 102 75 99-55 96-69 94-34 87-45 85-46 82-72 Salop, Hereford . 96-31 99-81 96 64 97 97 94-51 91-98 90-22 87-43 85-04 80-67 Cumberland . 101-22 100-32 99 99 98 47 93-61 95-48 92-11 85-68 82-91 80-62 Cornwall . 97-73 101-07 96 77 98 83 93-48 92-14 90-36 82-72 76-17 71-82 Denbigh . 96-76 95-90 95 24 92 38 92-04 90-45 99-76 101-61 101-91 99-34 Carnarvon 98-18 98-13 98 27 94 93 92-34 88-90 90-61 95-14 94-86 92-85 Carmarthen, &c. 96-82 94-77 96 59 96 14 95-74 91-70 91-56 87-63 86-72 85-89 Montgomery, &c. 96-01 94-60 92 50 93 26 89-14 85-15 80-74 83-13 77-56 71-79 England and ) Wales . . ./ 100-19 102-00 100 59 101 67 99-70 98-83 102-12 103-84 105-58 105-18 Number of thel above local) ratios under/ 97 -5 per cent, j 5 3 7 4 13 16 13 14 14 14 118 F.nqland's Bcccnt Progress. Of wliom also, married . ,, single ,, widowed Is umbers of workiug women- Married and widowed Single Totals Totals Age 15 -20 Age 20-25 25,392 447,885 1,613,138 1,196,555 91 3,838 1,G38,G21 1,648,278 3,043 49,164 1,076,381 879,310 1,079,424 928,474 wed workers at age 2 18,222 9,392 8,506 2,881 2,112 1,456 1,360 were found in : — Class XVIII. — Textile Fabrics. XIX.— Dress .... IV. — Domestic Offices or Servants XX. — Food, Tobacco, Drink, &c. X. — Metals, Machines, &c. XIV. — Brick, Cement, Pottery, &c. XVII. — Paper, Prints, Books, &c. . The proportion "unoccupied" at age 15-25 was thus 38 "9 per cent, on an average ; the figure for urban districts being 36 • 7 per cent, and that for rural districts 48-2 per cent. It will be noticed that the figures of the unoccupied considerably exceed those of married women ; but in some places, where as few as 10*8 per cent, to 21*5 per cent, of the women were unoccupied, there can be little doubt but that many married women are employed in textile manufactures. On the other hand, we find districts in which nearly two- thirds of the women aged 15-25 are returned as " unoccupied," and these are generally colliery districts and other districts where rude labour is highly paid and the wage earner does not allow his daughters to accept employment. It is remarkable that although social habits often become diffused over a wider area than that in which they originate, this distinction between cotton spinning places and others strongly marks the several towns in Lancashire for which we have particulars, the percentage unoccupied being in : — Blackburn . 10-8 Manchester . 27-8 Burnley 12-1 Salford 27-9 Bury . 13-9 Warrington . 42-1 Preston 14-4 Liverpool 43-4 Rochdale 16-5 Bootle . 48-2 Oldham 18-8 Barrow 53-4 Bolton 18-8 St. Helens . 57-2 Wigan . 26-7 The average percentage for all these places was (in 1901) 30*1, and that for the residue of Lancashire urban districts 27*2; but I think the latter figm-e covers quite as great diversity as the former, since the smaller towns are in many cases either wholly occupied in the cotton manufacture or largely engaged in coal mining. A similar observation is true of Yorkshire, the ratios there being in : — ■ Halifax 20-7 Sheffield 45-2 Huddersfield 21-5 Hull . 49-6 Bradford 21-5 Rotherham . 62-0 Leeds . 31-1 Middlesbro' . 62-9 York . 42-9 England's Becent Progress. The smaller places average as follows : — 119 Per cent. In the West Riding (partly colliery and partly textile manu-i „, ,„ ; towns) . . . . . . . . / facturing towns) In the North Riding (partly iron mining districts In the East Riding ..... 54-3 46-9 It would be very interesting if we had the like data for every urban district. The extreme cases are, in the urban districts for which we have data : — Per cent. Per cent Rhondda 66-1 Stockton-on-Tees . 57-3 Middlesbro' 62-9 St. Helens . . 57-2 Rotherham 62-0 Sunderland . . 56-4 South Shields . 60-0 Barrow-in-Furness . 53-4 Merthyr Tydfil 60-0 Grimsby . 53-4 West Hartlepool 58-4 Swansea . 51-1 Tynemouth 58-0 Newcastle . . 50-2 and at the other end of the scale Blackburn Burnley Bury Preston Rochdale Leicester Oldham Bolton Per cent. 10-8 12-1 13-9 14-4 16-5 17-3 18-8 18-8 Halifax Stockport Bradford Huddersfleld Nottingham Northampton Norwich Wigau Per cent. 20-7 20-9 21-5 21-5 22-5 25-2 26-6 26-7 The groups of smaller urban districts which rank highest are in- Per cent. Per cent Durham . . 63-1 Glamorgan . . 57-5 Northumberland . 62-4 York, North Riding , 54-3 Monmouth . 61-9 In aggregates of rural districts there is less diversity, as the lowest figures are : — Lancashire Leicester . 32-6 per cent, unoccupied 34-0 whilst the highest ratios are noticeable where rude lal)Our, such as mining or brick-making, is conspicuous, viz. : — Per cent. Per cent. Durham . . 69-8 Monmouth . . 54-6 Huntingdon . 61-5 Glamorgan . . 54-3 Cornwall . . 55-4 Derby . 53-0 the average for rural districts being 48-2 per cent., as already stated. The following Table, for three important counties, is interesting : — 1-20 EnghuuVs Recent Progress. Fkmai.ks ac.kd 20-25 in 1901. Laucashire. Workers. Yorksliire. Workers. London. Workere, C a 2 i S<£ XVIII. Textile fabrics . . XIX. Dress IV. Domestics . XX. Food, Drink, &c. . X. Jletal, Machines, &c. XIV. Brick, Pottery, &c. . XVII. Paper, Books, &c. . Total workers Totals 59,03410,71616-7 19,114 34,104 8,370 701 1 874! 2,843 1,116 971 577 75! Hi 170 140,07014,469 22 173,705 64,179 2 g 31,594 3,318 15,312 29,497 4,177, 1,921 198 1,375 94.929 865 534 264 273 17 42 5,658 130,273 54,056 10 6.088 30,630 71,832 12,088 847 194 7,162 153,847 190,630 t^ = 5 (> C3 O ^fn 219, 2,151' 2,791 692 87 16 684 8,023 69,936 At the next age 25-45 there are similar discrepancies, the towns where textile goods are manufactured showing the largest proportions of married women engaged in industries, and the mining districts, and such places as Rotherham and Middlesbro' being at the opposite extreme. The lowest ratios of workers were met with in the following towns : — Rhondda Rotherham Monmouth (small towns) Durham (small towns) Glamorgan (small towns) I\Ierthyr Tydfil . Northumberland (small towns) ]Middlesbro' . St. Helens . West Hartlepool . South Shields Barrow-in-Furness Stockton-on-Tees Burton-on-Trent 91 ' 4 per cent, unoccupied. •2 •2 ■6 ■3 •2 •1 •0 '7 '7 2 9 7 and the largest proportions engaged in industries were found in — Blackburn . Burnley Preston . Bury Bournemouth Rochdale . Bath . . . tji a Bedford (small I cq c toNvns) (^^'^ . 41-5 per cent, unoccupied. • 4:8-1 • 49-7 • 52-9 • 57-3 • 57-8 57-9 Leicester Stockport . Nottingham Bradford Oldham Hastings Gloucester i (small towns)! Worcester . 59-7 per cent, unoccupied. 59-8 61-8 62-1 62-2 62-2 62-8 63-3 The figures for some of the largest towns were : — . 73-0 per cent, unoccupied. . 71-8 Leeds . Birmingham Bristol . London Manchester . 68-9 68-8 68-3 England's Recent Progress. 121 and the national average in urban districts was 71 '4 per cent., but in rural districts 78 "8 per cent. In the county aggregates of rural districts we notice — Lancashire . . . .70*7 per cent, unoccupied. Durham . . . . . 90-3 „ „ It may be added that the ratio of the " unoccupied " for the Comity of London wBsS 66*3 per cent., and that 73,925 married or widowed women were employed there, mostly as domestics or dressmakers, or 14*3 per cent, of the total number of such women aged 25-45. Apparently the greatest proportions of married women " occupied " in some industry were found in Shoreditch, Bethnal Green and Finsbury, but others were met with in Southwark, Bermondsey, Stepney, &c., and also in the rather unnatural populations of the City and Holborn. Some writers have endeavoured to persuade their readers that a large and increasing number of people do not work in any way ; but if we take males aged 25-45 the facts were in 1901 : — Age 25-3.5 Age 35-45 Numbers of men in urban districts . . 1,975,588 1,496,711 ,, ,, rural districts . . 510,366 435,232 Totals 2,485,954 Of whom "unoccupied " in urban districts ,, ,, rural districts Totals 30,394 12,893 43,287 1,931,943 28,864 13,895 42,759 The following details of the " unoccupied " are furnished :- Retired from business Pensioners . Living on own means Others . Totals 7,214 13,345 367 1,440 7,822 11,053 27,894 16,921 43,287 42,759 The percentage of the "unoccupied" on population aged 25-45 was 1-95, surely no large proportion, though to be sure every one who is temporarily unemployed is put down as a worker, and I do not know how many inmates of hospitals, prisons, workhouses and asylums are treated as " occupied." The range of figures in administrative counties varied as follows. The highest ratios were : — Per cent, unoccupied. Administrative County. Per cent, unoccupied. Adniiiiistiativc County. Urban Districts. Rural Districts. Urban Districts. Rural Districts. Surrey . Herts . Berks . Kent . Devon . Bedford Sussex . 3-5 3-6 1-8 2-8 2-9 1-9 3-6 6-3 5-2 4-3 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-4 Monmouth . Lancaster York, East Riding . „ North Riding Wilts Oxford .... Hants •9 1-3 1-2 1-4 1-2 2-1 2-9 4-9 4-2 3-5 3-5 3-4 3-4 2-9 122 England's Becent Progress. and in these other more remote quarters :- Denbigh . Carnuirthon Caidigau Cornwall 4-8 urban 1-6 rural 4-2 ,, 1-6 ,, 3-9 ,, 3-1 ,, 3-8 ,, 2-3 ,, and seem to me to indicate some want of uniformity in the methods of the local enumerators. The lowest were : — Durham. 0-8 urban 2-0 rural Slonmouth 0-9 4-9 „ Glamorgan 1-0 3-0 „ Huntingdon . 1-1 1-4 ,. Brecon .... 1-1 1-6 „ Warwick 1-1 2-5 ,, Where we meet with Monmouth again, the ratios in the rural parts and in the towns being remarkably contrasted. Probably the onl}- safe conclusion to be derived from these figures is that the "unoccupied" men at this time of life are more frequently found in rural districts than in towns and are nowhere numerous. APPENDIX A. AS TO THE CLASSIFICATION (BY APPORTIONMENT) OF DEATHS UNDER YEARS OF BIRTH, AND AS TO CERTAIN ARBITRARY TRANSFERS OF POPULATION, &c., IN RESPECT OF SUPPOSED INACCURACIES IN THE RETURNS OF AGES. APPENDIX A. In order to arrive at the losses by death sustained at eacli quinquennial age in the ten years between one Census and another, it is necessary to allocate the deaths returned at several ages under the years of birth of those who die — for instance, of those who died at age 20-25 in 1881-90, some were born in 1861-65, some in 1866-71, and some in 1856-61. This allocation must be a rough guess, but the cumulative result of a systematic treatment of the figures is likely to be more true than any of the individual calculations making up that result. I have not considered it wise to pretend to any minuteness of treatment, and in fact I think my method makes the deaths amongst persons who at the end of the decennium were aged 0-15 rather below the true number, and amongst those five years older rather too high. The deaths amongst those who at the end of the decennium were aged 0-15 are taken to be — All those who died aged ..... 0-5 Three-fourths of those aged .... 5-10 One-fourth ,, ,, . . . . 10-15 at the next age 15-20 — • One-fourth of those who died aged . . . 5-10 Half ,, ,, ,. . . . 10-15 One-fourth ,, ,, ,, . . . 15-20 and similarly at the next age 20-25. At higher ages w^e have to take measures to divide deaths returned at ages 25-35, 35-45, and so on ; and I have assumed that of those dying at age 25-35— One-eighth if living would have attained . . 25-30 Three-eighths ,, ,, ,, . . 30-35 ,, ,, ,, ,, . . 35-40 One-eighth ,, ,, ,, . . 40-45 and similarly at ages 35-45 and 45-55. When we come to ages 55-65 and 65-75, larger proportions must, I think, be attributed to the higher ages, and I have assumed 12, SGh, 38 and 13^- per cent, of the total deaths to belong to the four categories at those ages. At age 75 and upwards all deaths belong to the last age of the living which I have dealt with— namely, 75 and upwards. The working out of these assumptions in the case of England and Wales is shown in the annexed Tables ; the results are those which have been incorporated in the whole of the Tables in Appendix C and elsewhere, with the following modification. I believe that at high ages a tendency to exaggeration of ago exists, 126 England's Recent Progress, and to neutralise this, perhaps only partially, a deduction of 2i per cent. on i-ecorded deatiis in 1881-90 at ages 75 and upwards, and of 2 per cent. on similar deaths in the next decennium, has heen made. Of the sum thus deducted from deaths at the highest age I have added three-fourths to deaths affecting population aged 70-75, and one-fourth to deaths affecting population five years younger. England and Wales — Apportionment of Deaths, 1831-90. MALE. Deaths. 0-15. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-35 35— 1,087,322 87,019 44,281 58,725 67,398 151,211 186,969 214 ',550 258,712 292,877 249,252 1,087,322 65,264 11,077 21,755 22,141 14,676 11,063 29,373 16,850 14,676 33,702 18,901 16,846 56,703 56,706 23,371 18,901 70,110 1,163,663 58,572 57,286 67,279 1 73,549 80,077 89,011 45- 50— 55— 60- 65— 70— 75— 35^5 45-55 55-65 65-75 75— 70,116 26,819 23,372 80,452 80,458 31,042 26,821 94,431 98,313 35,145 34,926 106,891 150,841 249,252 2,698,316 96,935 103,824 111,500 121,252 133,458 141,817 400,093 FEMALE. Deaths. 0-15. 15— 1 20— 25— 30- 35— 40— 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-35 35— 922,662 86,119 46,586 60,845 72,088 156,-3.39 170,870 183,929 241,194 302,648 303,175 922,662 64,599 11,647 21,520 23,294 15,221 11,645 30,421 18,022 15,203 36,044 19,539 18,022 58,620 58,635 21,350 19,545 64,075 998,908 60,035 60,088 70,786 76,642 79,985 83,620 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— 75— 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75 75— i 64,086 21,359 22,982 68,973 68,984 28,935 .. 1 22,990 88,035 91,662 36,312 32,562 110,466 155,870 303,175 2.546,455 87,068 1 90,-332 97,919 111,025 127,974 143,028 459,045 Appendix A. 127 England and Wales — Apportionment op Deaths, 1891-1900. MALE. Deaths. 0-15. 86 63 03 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-35 35— 1,134,786 73,950 40,154 58,043 68,384 153,545 202,280 243 j 724 291,430 324,081 274,849 1,134,7 55,4 10,1 18,487 20,034 14,511 10,017 29,022 17,083 14,510 34,201 19,178 17,100 57,564 57,610 25,272 19,193 75,829 1,200,352 53,032 56,122 67,889 74,664 82,882 95,022 45— 50— 55— 60- 05— 70— 75— 35-45 45-55 65-65 65-75 75— 75,894 30,464 25,285 91,363 91,445 34,953 30,452 106,373 110,753 38,882 39,351 118,307 166,892 274,849 2,865,226 106,358 116,648 12 6,398 136,825 1 149,635 157,658 441,741 i FEMALE. Deaths. 0-15. 15— 20- 25— so- 35— 40— 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-35 35— 962,126 75,381 42,110 57,075 67,560 152,699 180,127 206 ",112 271,758 346,021 349,180 962,126 56,574 10,528 18,807 21,118 14,269 10,464 28,517 16,890 14,289 33,756 19,087 le, 914 57,230 57,297 22,516 19,085 67,512 1,029,228 54,194 55,871 67,132 74,144 79,813 86,597 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— 75— 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75 75— 67,573 25,764 22,526 77,255 77,336 32,611 25,757 99,177 103,283 41,510 36,687 126,313 178,198 349,180 2,710,149 93,337 99,781 109,947 124,934 144,793 163,000 527,378 Deaths in 1881-90 at the highest ages have been modified thus — Affecting ages 65-70 70-75 Males, tabulated as above . . 133,458 ... 141,817 With corrections as explained . +1,557 ... +4,673 The figures become . . 135,015 ... 146,490 Females, tabulated as above . 127,974 ... 143,028 With corrections . . . +1,895 ... +5,684 The figures become . . 129,869 ... 148,712 I and upwards, 400,093 -6,230 393,863 459,045 -7,579 451.466 128 England's liccent Progress. Deaths in 1891-1900 at the same ages are modified thus — Alfecting nges i C5-70 70-76 7j ami upward!*. jMales, tabulated as above . 149,635 .. . 157,658 ... 441,741 With corrections + 1,374 ., .. +4,123 ... -5,497 Become .... 151,009 ., .. 161,781 ... 436,244 Females, tabulated as above 144,793 ., ,. 163,000 ... 527,378 With correctious + 1,746 . .. +5,237 .. -6,983 Become .... 146,539 ., .. 168,237 ... 520,395 SUght deviations from mathematical accuracy in the local Tables, compared with the totals just given for England and Wale^, are due to the collective influence of trifling fractions in the 160 calculations of which the aggregate is given. Whilst the least possible alteration has been made in the returns of ages at death, having regard to the responsibility believed to be generally felt by those who make such returns, a greater amount of alteration has been thought to be unavoidable in the case of Census figures showing the ages of the living. These have been corrected by transfers, in the case of the grouped counties, made quite empirically, and the figures adopted have been afterwards subdivided amongst the districts and residues comprehended in such county groups ; thus uneven figures have been arrived at, which must not on that account be imagined to represent any pretended accuracy of correction. The best way of showing the importance, or insignificance in some instances, of these transfers, will be by exhibiting their total effect, and the proportions which, it is implied, the numbers returned bear to the true ones. When this has been done, the reader will of course be at liberty to conceive that either smaller or larger transfers might have been preferable ; any change, be it recollected, only influences the loss or gain at particular quinquennial ages and has no influence over the total loss or gain. Also, a change at high ages would only influence three or four Lines of the Tables, the movement of population at younger ages being quite independent of the accuracy of age returns later in life. Although the comparison of numbers of persons returned at successive ages depends on the figures of births, deaths and migrations being steady or otherwise, yet it is hard to conceive aberrations in these factors which shall, at the dates of several enumerations, alternate in such a manner as to steadily increase the numbers at round ages, and it is much safer to attribute excessive numbers at those ages to the inaccuracy common mongst careless and ill-educated people. The following Tables suffice to show — (1) That the transfers made by way of correction seldom disturb population aged less than 50 years to the extent of 2 per cent. ; and (2) That until corrected, the numbers returned at such ages as 40, 50 and 60 were sufficiently excessive to disturb the propor- tions of those enumerated at successive quinquennial ages. It will be noticed that the corrected figures for females do at the undermentioned three ages still show apparent irregularity, thus — Ratios 1881 1891 Lge 50 as against age 45 . 85-0 . .. 86-2 „ 55 ,, ,, 50 . 83-9 .. ,. 81-9 „ CO „ „ 55 . 84-9 . .. 83-0 Appendix A. 129 If, however, we transfer from age 50 to age 55 — In 1881 . . 8,530 instead of 6,830 In 1891 . . 18,400 ,, 11,400 we shall arrive at more regular ratios, viz. : — Ratios 1881 1891 Age 50 as against age 45 . . 84-8 ... 85-2 ,, 55 ,, „ 50 . . 84-5 ... 840 ,, 60 ,, ,, 55 . . 84-5 ... 81-8 and these figures, showing a great fall in 1881 at the next quinquennium, raise the question whether in that year we should not do well to transfer a larger number than 5,050 from age 60 to age 65. In further elucidation of the methods adopted, I annex a Table for England and Wales, in which no corrections are made for errors in the recorded ages of either the living or dying. My readers can compare the resulting balances of migrants vnth the losses and gains shown on page 5 of the main Paper. For one thing, the anomaly of a loss of population at age 70-75, coupled with material gains at ages 65-70 and 75 and upwards, is got rid of if the corrections are accepted. Finally, a Table showing these corrections locally (under groups of registration counties) is given. They are obviously irregular and arbitrary, and were fixed upon at the commencement of my investigation. It has, in the interest of impartiality, been thought inadvisable to alter them since, although, as just shown, one is somewhat tempted to do so. 130 EngliDiiVs Bcccnt Progress. r-li-(i-l r-(l-(l-l tH i-( iHiH o C5 Oi-IXX-*qr-(OOOCCOOCO OOOC>0300000 00 iHiHiH iHiHi-(T-l i-( i-(iH 05 * "a o X0i-n-^xccoooox Ot-OIOCl>OCOO'-iCCC5 CO X tH OiM-^-^-^OOOOOOCJCMOOOO »o Oi-ioointM-^oOrHinxecx o QOO:r;or5000C50C500 OOrHt-XtMi-iOOX^t-O-^ OOOOCiOOOOOOCiOO i-li-(i-l i-Ii-(tHt-I i-I i-li-l in g "s (M0COOOO'-hOOC5O-*»CC0 o o x_^ rH C00200CiC3C>OCMCO-*incOCD oociw— ioint-coocoT-Ht--t< XOt-IOOOO^COOCOCT. CMt- i-T-^'o'o cToq Xi-I-*. OOOCOCO OrHOOi-Ht-oqoocjOiOT-i^ t-OiOC0tMOC>XCDin-*-*C0tM in o cn 5 1 i 1 CMXOOOO^HOOC>0-*>0^-( K X T-H CO rH X »n lO oi »o cq 00 o ncoco O O C"- O 1-1 O O t~ CO' "O CO -H c~ c> xt~oO'H»noq'*cO'*xocqo X o COOmt--— It-1010(MC5COOC110 00-*ooqoi-ieocDCT>»OTH OOOC50CiOt-COX-*^(MiO ooociocr. OC50C50000 r-, i-Ht-H i-H i-H 1-i r-H t-(t-I C5 Oi-IOqCO(MrHC5i-lTHt-TH>nC:0 ooTHt~xcOT-ixoit-«io^>n OOOC2000C3000C500 i-ii-(i-l tHi-I tH 1-1 tHi-I o in 2 "^ 3 oi 2 t-coomc-iiot-Ot-o-ix^ci-* O t- t~ CC ]C2oqco:oxin»nt-^ x-^-cxmx^mcMor^icocir-i CO o xci-*c^lt~;^^t-l(^^:r;^c^3C0lC-^ t-dC^X-*C0T-lrHr^CMC0t-t~O »n CO Ol ^ O C5 X t- O lO Tjf CO COCO x'(m'x'ct'^o ^'oft-'in'-H o T^x OO-^i-HX-f-^t-^XX^CClO lO'^Cl'-lClXt-tOlO^COCOtMr-l 1-1 iH rH tH o in 1-C t IC0(M-#OinC0C0t-Ot-On o in o in o»o o >n jg i-irH(Msqcoco-*-*ininocDt-t- p in o in o in o in o in o m o mo fe 1-1 iH (M iM CO CO -"ii ■* in in CO CO t- Appendix A. 131 MALES. First age. 1 Enumerated. Corrected. ! Proportion per cent, to numbers at first age of those 5 years older. Proportion per cent, to numbers at first age of those 5 years older. i 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. 5-10 . ' 89-4 *95-l *96-l 1 89-6 ! *95-3 *96-2 10-15 . 90-4 91-0 *96-2 90-7 91-2 *96-4 ' J 5-20 . 87-7 85-1 91-6 86-7 84-3 90-7 j 20-25 . 88-2 89-1 90-2 89-2 90-0 ' 90 8 25-30 . 85-6 88-0 87-2 84-9 87-3 87-2 30-35 . 88-7 88-5 89-4 §89-3 88-9 j 89-6 35-40 . 90-3 86-1 86-8 §88 -0 86-1 85-9 40-45 . 81-4 86-1 84-7 §')5-9 86-1 85-8 45-50 . 88-7 85-6 83-7 84-6 83-7 82-8 50-55 . 78-6 75-2 78-2 83-6 80-7 80-9 55-60 . 89-1 86 4 82-5 80-9 80-1 77-5 60-65 . 68-0 72-5 68-8 73-4 75-4 71-8 65-70 . 68-4 71-3 69-2 70-1 74-2 70-5 FEMALES. 5-10 , 88-6 *94-8 *95-6 88-6 *94-9 *95-7 10-15 . 91-5 92-1 *98-l 92-5 92-9 *98-7 15-20 . 951 94-2 100-6 91-4 91-1 97-6 20-25 . 87-7 88'6 90-8 88'6 89-3 91-3 25-30 . 84-9 84-7 85-1 89-1 87-9 88 4 30-35 . 88-0 87-3 87-2 87-0 86-6 86-3 35-40 . 91-2 87-5 85-8 87-8 86-3 85-2 40-45 . 83-1 86-7 85-3 86-5 86-7 85-0 45-50 . 88-8 87-9 85-2 85-0 86-2 84-5 50-55 . 79-1 77-1 80-1 83-9 81-9 83-4 55-60 . 91-2 88-4 86-5 84 9 83-0 81'1 60-65 . 70-0 75-1 72-3 73-9 77-0 74-9 65-70 . 70-7 74-5 72-2 72-9 77-8 74 -.T A diagi-am is annexed, showing the " corrected " ratios (see p. Ixiv). * The decline in birth rates seems to account for these higli ratios. $ At ages 30, M.i and (O the iiitluenc'c of foreign immigrants is felt ; perhaps at 25, that of emigration. K 2 England's Eecenf Progress. c <; ^ s l.'S ^ ^ ,., ?!? f« CO s s » o-i (M e: (M «- o (M OI >o c» § •^ _r'. '^"^ s CO s 1^ Oi 00 ? Ul 53 N o> Oi a •* ^ sq ^ 00 ,^ ^ ■* CO „ 00 l-< '^ 00 o ° ■-; o§ c; :?; iri CO it C5 ^ ?? s s ■^ -Jl i^ ei I-t 1"* rH eJ ,i..A— ^ . 00 !*!« s S s s Od S !S s « fs iri to CO CO CO 00 CO o l-t lO ej •* CO ** 00 o O] '.O o ii 1^ 1." .M rvj o f^ *}« 1^ ® 1" (N o c. CO ■.# •^ CO OI Ol ^ *«• t-^ -■ -■ -' rH -' -■ — ^ — m o !0 rt. ^ 00 •™ ^ I-l lO !> CO ■* GO o IM CO o Hi ;^ in C5 C5 c. 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S 1— I !-< 00 iri (M CONCD A".. •is {^ t^ m S"^ •^ T-t o o CI f-4 C5 UJ t- CO >a .* CO 00 k . ^ „ eo o o „ o> oo 00 „ ■5oo.r^5c 00 CO Ov »■ c J g:n CO '^ •* . . ^ e: ^ Ul „ uo Lt c-l •M x^ o CI 00 13 X o n ^^ •^ J^ 1^ ,_, ^^ ,_j ^ .-5 rH- CO t^ o ..* CO t.- /— *— * ». © .s S -, -^u a O.3II S 9 O IS o la o O o IC c 13 c >3 <-. A 7 7 •^ 'T u"; l^ V Y "* a © = la o lA o L.- o I* ^ t^M S '•* ea eo « M< cs CO r~ Appendix A. 133 (^ (2 Q o lO • u^ Ol • C) • . CO • •« rH rH i-l Ttf ■^ rH • d T f-H o o o 0000 0000 a o ,H o o • Q CX) . • -* ;* CN -^ • (M • 00 T-H e ^ IC (M 'Ttl o 3 g .0 CO ^. r-H ^ 2 tH ^ • O d '^ ^ . . . • o ^^ ■ • • r-l • 10 to s r-l iH o rJ _! ix r-l d ^• • " in fl gCO o r-i • >■ SS • 10 Cr tH tH S '3 -A o 00 o ^ . 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TO (13 :'*iOo O 8 "in ^" >nrH 5i o : CO Q :-^iocMoot-»oeocoiHiH tH O TO o a) tH CD TO ■* 02 tH"__ o Q o o ^ 1 CO : o o o TO__ TO th" ^-' — -—^— CD '-^ — T "■" CD 3 ■ ■ cfl ,^ • • • U3 o • o '. ''i '. ^ g a ■ (U CO g O ■ rrt ^ .^4 O p 5 « CE ■ '^ •. ■■Igl1^ll«l "S ■ CD ■ o • CJ e3 4J *-< o £ ^ "mow ^^ tc ce cs S n a o g § i g g ^^§§-25l§^al^gaa^^2S^,c i?53gS3.a^i§g§|gs-sQ|^ c/5 p; fi Q ;zi ;z; iJ cc Q 3 O f==i O ft kt t-l c/2 '^ . .a Ts CD H 03 c-i -^ ^1 a >^ 9. K^ft 11 11 136 England's Recent Progress. 05 C^ 00 g »OO0C0COO'> lO tN O rH t- lO ■*C0O5CO-^C5Cq(MCOQt~ 0>0(M!M-*t-aOCOOOO t- O 05 r~ CO o ^ o hn «> Tj( rH o (M(MTH(MlOe00<)(MOaO(M ■>* 00 00 CO t- (M t— 00 t- (MT*(Q0tH^COm.-IOi0>O5 lO t- t- 03 •* Oi tJ) J< CO o H iH ,-4 o b ooo ^ ooooooooooo o o o o o ^ (_, o 8 o _• »-* t- O C2 o OOOOCOTTlOCMCCt-tO^ o o o o o o o o S^ «? a t- >0 iH "^^ >Oi-HCOC0C0rHrl CM rH o o o o >o o CO o Oi-HOt-00O . — '^^-^ >. ; f^ ffl g 00 -0 s ■ ■ . . . 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Cl OP n CO CO CD rH 10 CO g iH tH (N o rH CO t~ ■* in io tr- t- 00 rH CD t- t- CO CO t- CO CO Oi -* g -55 l:~ CO rH 00 t~ l-~ T-{ ■* *o tr- 00 10 00 t- '* CO CD 00 t- CO CM ^ 00 00 oc ■* CD CO ■* 00 y-t CM 10 CO L- tH o lO 7-1 10 a2 ^ rH ^ .| — c 00 iH 00 00 CO -* -* 10 CM CO ■^ (M tH Cc ^ Tti ■^ CO CO cq CM r-i rH rH rH -* IS " ^ CO g , ^ o iC UO 10 10 10 10 '^'B H ail < 3 o 1 C-l 1 CO 1 CO 1 'if A 1 10 lO 1 CO CO 1 1 10 tr- [ r^ CM Co 10 CO CO Ir- CO T-t ■* 10 a 1-1 t- Ol rH t- CM '-* CO "-1 CO 00 ^ !2i B.O O CO lO CO ■r^ 10 CD -* l1 Ti( CO rH H b- CD •<}< 0o CO CO CO ■* tr- ■* CO t- i-H C5 lO CM CO t- 00 10 CM -* t- lO §s S5 00 CO t- (M ^ m t- ■* t- CM qS CO G<1 I-( (M o co' rH CO •<*i rH Co" ^ -* CO CI -o CM -* CO CO 10 a t- CI CO CO CO ^1 i 1 eo" tH 00 (M 00 q_ co" 10" rH (M CO "* . S rH CD t- «|! i tN en CO CO CO co Oi ■^ rH CO t- >* C5 '^ -, . 00 CD GO Ci ■* 10 »o t- CO rH lO CO 5? t- (M CO Co CO Soo 00 co OD CM en 7-i CM CO ■* -* t- rH as ^ CM iH (M CM CO CO CO ■* ■* ■* ■* ■* C3 s; _ * zz lO 00 rH 00 TH CO lO CO Ol lO T^ f^ CO 10 t~ CM CO CO 00 CT> 00 CM CM C5 ■ ■2-S '"' '"' t- CM o tr- lO a" » CI C3 00 c::^ 10 ^ 10 CO CT) 10 CO CO tr- "r t- CO CJ3 t~ 10 CO 01 00 "* 00 Ol ^ ■^ CO CO CO CO cq C-1 rH rH rH rH tr- (l4 CM io" ^ ,-.^y^^ osc-s 10 q »o >o >o »o >o 10 03 c3 > M 5 § 1 0-1 01 1 CO 1 rp ■* 1 in 1-0 CO 1 tr- tr- -5; O -J »o ■o 10 >o io £, C 5 1 I-H 01 CM CO CO '^ '^ o CO (3 05 (M C5 c tH CO CD CO lO 00 00 m r-i <*-« 52 c8 (M <:n. a 00 UJ in CD Za oq !M 7-( rH in II . oq ^ iO CO 05 o ^i c» a -* t- r-\ CM ^ c» o^ lO rH cq C »n t- o CM 05 00 rH CD (M t~ o Gi CM O ■* CO CD CM t- t- in t- lO t- t~ t- t- CJ5 C30 00 t- !35 c::5 •r-t o rH rH r'^P^'^ CM CO co C5 o CO t- rH CO rH t- CO o 05 CO NPm t~ t~ CO CO lO -* -* CO CO CM CM CM CO 00 .a t- lO CD Oi Oi CO in CM 00 05 ■gs t~ c» O CM en t- in 00 o c» lO L- 00 CO -^ ■>*i a -*( 05 ,1^ o O gta ,-1 rH rH • <» 1-1 T-H o rH ^ CTi L— o o 05 ^ 00 i-i CO rH 05 1-i t~ CD 1—i in is 7-H lO VC CO CO 02 CO 05 CM '^ C35 00 CO CJ> T-{ CM t~ t- CO lO lO C>^ o CO CO CO '^ rH 00 ■* >o CO lO 1-H -* c» -* 03 CM t- CO 7-i a> CO 05 C3 rH OS CI (M CM CO CO CO •>* Tt< »C lO CO t~ t— o o lO o in o in tH 1 o CM 1 1 o CO 1 lO CO 1 o 1 »o 1 lO i o o CO o CM ■^ rH o CO CO rH C31 CO t- •^ 00 in >-H '^H CO rH rH 00 .rg O o CO CO CM lO O C75 t- rH rH t- r- CM CM C» Ol o CM CD C- t- CO 00 CO rH co 1^ CO (35 C35 CO t- (M •^ o 00 o rH lO CM CM CO O '^^ 02 ^ CM CI CO CO CO CO ■* '^ '^ in CO r^ rH t- -* CM 7-i rH male pula- ion, 881. CO t-t CD tH i-H (M t- lO >o -* o (M -* ^ 00 OD o CM t- y-t t- co rH CO t- Oi in CO L— lO lO C35 CM CM rH rH 0) o-t"-i CM o CO ^-H ^ t- rH CO CM 00 -* tH U) rH 00 L~ t- CD CO lO ^ ■* CO CO CM CM CM rH CO o CM 00 (3 lO rH O ■^ o . o -* CO CO t- og ^ rH (M eo ^_^ o "3 ca rH Sj a CO a> CM CM 00 t- CD 5£ a 7-< CM CO lO CM r-i CD O in o o eo CO 05 t- (M CO o S 1 o lO o CM in CO CM >o t- >n CO r-t 05 m =5^ «l o> CM CM CO CO CO ■* ■<*< ■* "O >n CO t~ 05 CM ■o O >o o »o o in o in o in fl'B r^ CM 1 CM 1 o CO 1 >n CO 1 o 1 lO 1 o 1 i.O o lO o in 1 o Q ^ C-1 CM CO CO -* •^ IC in CO CO t~ 14-2 Enghind's lucent rnx/rcss. ^ o ^ CO ^ CO ^5 o o C^ = « — 2 ri O 03 O TO T-l rH t- t- X L- o o •* 00 00 o (M (M o d in 00 00 CO t- rH O ^ i 3 (M -f ■»i< in CO rH CI 1 oi 00 CO •* o 00 ■n CO OJ 1—1 -^ -)< OJ X s 8 Oi o 05 00 00 T»( T-l CO t- in -# t- t- ■yt t- CO 00 in -* •^ OJ rH CI co ^ ^~* q2 CO w to t- 00 00 CT> o rH CI in L- 00 rH t- s rH rH 1-1 rH rH ■* d -t- o o ■* m 00 t- on CO t- OJ 00 o t- o a Z en lO CO o co CJ CJ in CI L~ 00 o r^ CO ^ in 05 00 00 t- o CO = •=« o t- o 00 CO CO ^r o >o »o lO ■* o rH rH rH rH rH rH A 1 rH 1 CO -* 1 — -H CO ^S 1 -3 in ■CO o >o »o rH CO CO y-t CO t- in t- -* 00 in Res ligr 088. o ■* 00 in ■o o t- CO o ,_! CI •* m CO o -* t- ^ oo T-l rH d -»- S »o lO (M o CO ,_t rH 00 rH CO t- t- o CO OJ CO in CO o o in CI ■^ CO •* rH — -^rJ >n rH 00 CO -* o rH 00 in o CO o CO CJ o =;— » cr cc CO CO C^ ^ CO o CI _, ,_, o O CO in o iO o -* 0-1 y—i a X t- o m -* o r-4 tH rH rH T—i P^ r-l s m 'S'ts == rci Id >o O in o vn o in o lo o in o m in o. CJ— ' s oq CM CO CO 'H^ -* m in CO o t- t- -< 5 S 1 o 1 A 1 in o 1 in o in o in o in 6 CI o CO CO t- ^ rH . o CI o o CI t- CO 00 cq C3 t^ CO t- CI in ^ g CO CO o 00 o o 00 CO 1 >-^ CO CO -* ^ _i CI ^"CO'" 00 CO . . 02 X) CO o o t- CO o CO Tt( CO T^ t- CO (M t- -* t- 03 CJ CO o m rH rH 5? lO CO cq •* 00 05 rH CO -* t- in i-l CO d CO g3 a> * CTJ ■«n lO T-l rH i-{ rH rH t- S rH t- ■* o CJ t- t- c o o in ^ •rH ^1 3 cS c3 o of rH r-i O ■_j (M CO 00 rH CO CO t~ -n d SR fc> m O in t- CO in ■>* CO CO t- ^s I 'it CO 00 CO CO o rH o d TjT -*" CO CO cT rH rH CO » . 00 CO rH CO CO o ■* OJ CO CI 00 t- ■* d o m o lO CI O CO m a, 00 (T) OJ OJ d ■* d o cT t- CO CO rH in CI CO 'i' m o CJ CJ CJ o in 5 CO CO CO o t~ tr- CO o o 1-1 CT CO -* ^ ^^ CO C2 C-l T-l rH '"' rH tH c. CO d 3 CO 05 CO t- io OJ in CO 00 CI o CJ in CJJ CO o CM t- CO eo t- t- in 00 rH 00 o CO C() c- t- oS . >o ■* 1-t 00 la -* L- CO CO t- CJ CO CJ co ■* ^^5g (M t- CO IC sii (M CM CO CO T ■^ in in CO o t- T < 5 S o in O in o in o in o in in o in oj « iH rH spa S T-l ■5 CO CO 00 00 (M g CM rH CO 8 Si rH rH CO CO CM in (M CM \ ' 00 o r-l o rH CO rH CO rH OO rH >o CO cq 00 rH 00 "O O CO CD O Irt -* C5 o 1 O O CO CO CO 00 CO to 00 t~ 01 •5 C-l o 0^ CO T-l C-1 CO 1-1 C5 7-< 00 CO lO CO CO cm" 1^3 O^ O^ G5 O^ «5 q2 OS 0-- Ms g ^ o CD CO CO t- o CO S 05 o tH 5^ CT> 00 3 C5 00 Oi 05 05 o rH CM CM -* v« »o CD H rH i-i rH rH tH rH CO ^ 3 O o CM o t- CD CO CO rH m 5 O CD C^ CO l- (» -n CO O (^ ■^ t* O O -* ■-i ■* T)H CD CM m °t rH O^ CM s lO f3 "H O lO Q. 144 England's Recent Progresfi. »n t— o o ^ cq t- O oq o m >o oq iH ■^ t- 1-1 o T-l CI oq ■* CO i- o CO c^ c^ I-l in *= "S nn CO Oi Tjf J f^ CN • • 1* "'. t- iH iH y-t If ■SSJ o O (N >o -* d in o I-l o CO CO o oq CO o (-- t- CI^ CO a in t- CO cq CO >* o I-l o CM CO •^ -* in o t- Cl oq -* t- CI -^ I-l -- I-l I-l I-l tH I-l iH iH Cl oq CO o in CO •*— CO o t- CO CO CD o t- Ol t- CO in t- •S si _-_: O lO 00 n o I-l T-l CO CO in 00 CO CD E&.£§ t- I-H o CO UO cq O m in cq cq Cl H 00 CO o oSS 00 lO Ol CO CI CD 00 I-l CI en in o O 1 c^ tH (M iH o CO iH t- CI CO CO Cl el CO t- ■* CO t- CO CO cq Cl oq CO O = =! •* 00 a ic m in CO 00 ^^ 3 o I-l Cl mo o lO 00 t- CI CO t- in tH o in ^ oq Cl o o iO o -* CO CO b- Cl tH t- CO =* n? CO o I-l CO ^ m t- o o cq ^ CO t- -^ cq SI T-H I-l iH I-l I-l I-l I-l oq CI oq Cl Cl CD t- m _. 1 o CO en in p. lO o IC o in o in o in o in o in I-l ! o 0-1 1 C-1 CO 1 in CO o in 1 o 1 in in : o in o 1 in S Q d d CO CO -* ^ in in CO CO t- d a: yi o o CO cq o cq -* o in -* Cl o oq ^3 S Ol 'J- in t- • I-l T-l CO o sd i-H I-l I-l (^ 00 CTl Cl CO o cq o Cl t- Cl o o »o CI I— I h^ CM I-l »o lO CO CO in cq o CO c~ CD o m 1-1 cq -■? >o Irt 1-1 t- Cl ^ o ■^ o in CO <■> CD tr- =*^ CD 1-1 o CI C1 cq CO CO CO ■^ in t~ o ^ 00 c2 O -> '-^ T^ 1-1 I-l I-l T-l 1-1 1-1 1-1 T-l oq in CI 1*f * o C-1 cq OT tr- in o CO C5 Cl Cl Cl en 00 iH o C3 t~ 1-1 ee o o ^-1 cq 1i< ^ C31 Cl oq in cc I-l o t- iH C5 c- Cl Cl CO o U) t- I-l si-sS -* o" lO o t- CO tH Cl o 00 t~ CO -*l t- t- S^Pk CI C-1 (M iH I-l tH 1-1 1-1 o CO c 00 t- -* t- in 00 1* cq 00 «4-l *■ o GO n o in o in O in o in i t i.'= = < = - CI oi CO CO ■* ■* in ''i' "Y 'i t^ t- O »o o IC o in o in o in A in o S^ o I-l CI CI CO CO M^ 1*1 m in CO CO t- Appendix B. 145 '*-* 2; c '5 : ^.2 •3^ O O T-l CN CM CO CO -* ■* in in CD o t~ t~ :i c oq °l O ■* S C8 CO CO CO -* 00 C5 m t~ CO I-l 1—1 oq o o cu bo 03 CO CO in OO C3 in cq ^ o CO CO in t~ t~ 3 od" co" C3 in CO cq CO CD oq t~ CO CO CO Tt< CO Ol in CO Deaths, 1881-90. oq >o -* CO t- 00 CO •^ cq CO t~ t:~ 03 •CO c^ t- o> CO CO tH 00 -* CO in 03 Oi CO CO o cq Oi CO CO 00 o o tH cq CO in C3 Tjl CJO 03 00 CO 1— 1 '-' T-l oq OQ oq oq oq cq oq CO CO 05 * male pula- ion, 881. Oi CO -* CM r^ CO CT> CO CO 03 T* CD oq ■* t~ CO lO ^ CO ■^ CO (33 CD CO I-l CO 03 o lO •* o O T-l cq CO t- ""i. ■^ o o CM o P^fM (N o (M CO Ol (£ ^ o' 00 CO co' tH CT3 'il (33 O IC ■* CO CO cq cq oq iH tH r-l iH iH n o cs> Ol o Tt( L- ■^ L- <.o«^ l~ o CO CO ••* o in T— 1 03 CO CO o 00 cq o o lO Tt* CO 00 CO cq CM tH tH tH tH CO in nar^ «. ^ .J-. lO o lO o in O in o in o in O in ^ '>-* ?,"« a 1-H (N (M CO CO T^ ^ in m CO o l~ L~ c3 a -<'S g O >o O in o m c^ m o in o in o in £, i-H C-l CM CO CO -* -* in m CO CO L~ L- :3^ o 146 England's Brcrnf Progress. t^ o O 'O CM CO o o o o m o 1 o ■X) o 8 00 Ki o -t< t~ o t- CO 00 CO ■>*< CO >o t~ (M 00 »o lO m lO -* OJ ■^ 00 o -* L- ' o t~ t~ a o CO -# l~- 1-1 in 00 rr CO (M g2 CO o o C-1 CO tJ< lO o t- o CO CO •n* CO rH Ol ^ 1-1 tH ^ -• tH '-' 1-1 CM CM CM CO rH rH CO in *i_ o . ^ »o Ti( ■* Ci CD CM o CO O CO CM rH O o 1-^ss 1-1 CO ^ CO -* (M >n in CO CD in CM c^ oc •* o o >o iH CO •^ »o 05 00 O o CO o »o CO cr> o -* *-H CO o 'if CM o O t~ rH ^fx, C5 1-1 CO CO (M CO iH Ol (M CO ■^ CM (M in t- "o = 4 (M r-i CJ C35 CO rH 00 tH CO CO in o t- CO CO CO t- t- a 00 00 >o Ci t^ o (M 05 o >o CO ^ m co o M< o -§^ <£> o >n CO CD t- a CO in a> CO in CO Q2 (M CT> CO (M -* Oi UO o (M CO o ■^ t- o o ® =^ ^^ • 'i* 35 .-1 t- -* 1-1 ■* -H CT> in 05 o c o CO o o ■* t- iH ■* CO CO CM 00 o -* t- -* o 1-1 CO tH ■* lO >o in t~ o '^ c::^ rH 05 §00 QS 00 iH *— ) iH T-l l-( 1-1 1-1 iH 1— ( CM CM CM o OD rH _J* t~ -* ,— { 1-1 (M t~ o ^ t- o 1-H o n CO i-t a or; in CD fHpH s CO CM -4^ C5 r—i l~ cq Tt* CO OO ^ t~ CM 1-H cri t- ^ O CO CO t- O lO o y—< C^ CO P^;f: S ■* O cc c^ CO t- CO ^ •* CM rH '^ S 3 -^ CO CO CO -^ CO rH ^ . CO ^ o o 0-1 1-1 ^ 00 CO ^ t- CO o 00 t- >^ ^ o CI ■o o lO o (M CO •># 1-1 Tjl Ci CO CJ5 t- o o ^ -* >o CO t~ 00 o CM in Ci in t- OS 1-1 o CO c» CO ■* CO (M o CO CO o Mai opu tion 1881 Ol CO !M cjT CO c^ CO CO cT CO CO 00 CO CO (M CO oo" 00 CO 00 in co' ^ iH CO (M CM o ^ o O >o o lO o >n o m o m sec S 1 o 1 CM 1 lO CO 1 1 o 1 in 1 o 1 in o 1 1 in cS ■ a 1-1 fM Ol -* ■^ m m o L^ c~ P^ .':i Appendix B. 147 o 00 00 o ■^ CO rH 00 CO CD m t- ;i-5 1 o ■* iH r-l rH rH rH rH T-{ CTi 11 -^- ^ afo rH CM 00 CM CM rH a CM rH T-* O CM Tj< CJ L— 5? o o CM O lO ■^ CO ■* CO 00 a CM CI ^ lO o t- CO o o C<1 CO in o2 t- -^ -^ rH iH r-i T-\ CI t- CI CI .^ o CM rH CM rH O CM t- 00 ■* t- CM rH S2 mal [)ula on, 801. (M r*l CO ■* ■* CO CO in t- ■* t- ■* Of) t- o lO o t- -* rH rH o o rH CM^ rH rH CM m « O-WrH 00 t- CO Ui tK CO rH o OS 00 t>" CO >C o' CO .. f^(i< »o iH tH rH rH rH rH rH rH s C CO lO -H 00 to CO t~ ^ ^ rt< l^ rH CI °l »o >c in CO t- o CO -*< '^ CI t- 00 iH o GO >n Tjl o t- CO in O to Cl o lO 1-1 CM j-i •r-< rH T-i in rH © tc c» CO -^ii ffi m »o " 3 r-l tH 2 =■ o 00 o O Td CO CO CO ^ o o 00 '^ o o 5? ■* t~ o in lO o GO t~ to CO rH o lO o t- 05 o CM TTI ^ ^ CO 00 rH d ■* *■ c2 00 rH rH rH ^ rH rH r^ o? o g -K- iH iH o o o 00 CO t- ^ t- t- in o » * ^-_: o (M o rrs t- o -* CO in t~ in in r-t t- CO •3 s Sg CO CO lO lO (M t- t- o CO t- o o CM o I&5S CI t~ t^ ^ ^ o Ci GO t- co to -^ ■^ 00 o Ph lO r-l iH rH rH T-i 00 rH s • • • • • • 13 'T3 >o O lO o in o in o in o in o in fl ^ 1^1 1 o CM 1 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 in 1 o in 1 in in 1 o 1 in o cA in 1 o 2 ^ in S, i-t tM CM CO CO ^ tJ* m lO CO to L- t- b a m CO OD rH 00 r-\ o CO O CO t^ -* CO r— in CJ o ^ CO o 00 o m t- CO -* CO en (M -«.2 o I-H >o ■>* ■* (M CO •* 0-1 OJ CI (M in ■^ CO -< o CO t~ CO CB o o o (M CO CO o d CO t- rH iH r-{ T-< rH iH to to CM * 5i . . CO t~ ■* 03 CM t~ t~ ■* -* CO t~ a rH t- t- o ^ CM LO t~ CO t~ O CO CO' CI C5 05 iS..2S o •^ CO TJH 05 t- t- 00 o T— < ■T^ m t~ 00 in ^^-- o lO ■^ CO CM o CT 00 oc L— o in '^ 00 rH 1-1 1-1 rH rH rH 00 o in tH t- t- CO rH t- CO CO rH a C5 CM -* o T-l I-l r-t i-< iH ^' ,— *— "S 0-2 lO o >rt O in o in o in o in o m , 05 ail 6 1 1 o 1 >n CO •>* i 1 o in 1 lO in to 1 in S 1 in S 1 '"' CO CO -* ■* in in o o t- D Appendix B. 149 , 03 CO CO ^ CO lO o iH CO T-l O CO in iH CO CO OS CM lO CO ^ '^ t~ 1-1 L~ o o o s OS o 05 00 CO CM o CO ^ 1-1 CD 1—1 t- O 00 Ol CT> CM T-l tH tH tH 1-1 rH o It S 60 m «s O 1-1 r-l - . 1 ODO 1 o 05 T-l o ■* a> in CO CD iH o -* CM CO t~ 12 CO CO CO CO iH tH (3 (M t~ t- iH O o T-l (M T*l CO t- G2 iH CO CD o O q2 7-1 tH I-l tH r-l tH CM CM CM in t- e E.2S ■* CO lO o CD cn tH a> O in in lO aj O-rtrH CO CO ■^ t- >ft o CD CM ^ t- m CO o tH CO $ P^PM T-l 1-1 CO m CO CO m CM CM CM tH tH tH iH -* 1 >o 00 CO o t- 00 CO CO t^ ^ 00 00 -H I a o lO L~ 1-1 t- o CM in cn o CM "H fl o CO ■-0 t~ CM t- 00 t- CO la o CI CM CM (M 1-1 tH T-l T-l iH CM "■ oq t- " ^ CJ5 cn o CO o h^ ^^ ^ »ro CO ^ o CO rr, -* 00 o GO 00 CO CO ^ CM cq 5? ■ o O lO O in o in o in o in in p^ Mpg A 1 CM CO 1 CO 1 o 1 lO 1 o m 1 in 1 o 1 in CO 1 o 1 in T— ( CM CM CO CO Tti rH m in o t- ■^ f3 O c o CO CO CO L~ Ol ^ in 1-1 CTi 00 t- -* lO 00 (M CO t- -* CO CO oq CM CM c~ °o 03 -* o I-l CO Ci CO C5 Ol CO o 3 C3 OJ bJD o Ci 00 iH 00 (M 00 iO (» iH 02 "A ■^ T-l h^ 1-1 i»"o CO CO 1-1 in T-l CM 1-1 00 CO iH in CO ^ 05 o, ^t» lO o ^ tr- CO 00 a> iH 1-1 tH o '^l t- li C5 T-H o hJ »o ' oTo 1 o ^ •* O en vn CO CM o CJ5 00 to CM w Ph 1-1 CO (M CM CM T-l T-l T-l T-l iH CO +--<♦-.-- n^^ lO o lO o O o lO o in o lO o V "^ 7^ CI CM CO CO -* •<* lO lO CD l- I- ■- 3 Eiii/l((H(J's Ixrcvnt Pr(>(/rrss, •^ ?! ■/: ~ f T. I- X X X rH CTi C) L- *^ z. -" 1 s-l o rs ^ f L- Ci X o t- o CO lO ° 3 "sB lO lO cc **c i-H ■<1* K) CO -* rH CO CI I- «j^ « 1 »H o^^ ^^^ _ _ : ^r T ^■. 05 i CO t~ CO o X CI CI lO lO CO rH -* X CO CO ■Z — (M o l~ CO -it "O o X rH CO CO CO cq •o >o CO L- CTl ■* o Ss OS CO - CO CO rH _ -^ :rnale pu la- ion, b9i. CO oq >o C5 05 o X 05 CO <35 CI CO t- CO •-< o o rH t- CI lO ■* X rH t- CM lO CI T* >o -* t- iD ^ >o o O X CO CO a CO t- CO o .i' O ♦J rH 00 oo~ X o C72 X CO >o lO •o rH lO OI CO o CI = 3 ;5 <^ CM CO -<*l «5 Ttt CO -* CI CI CI CI^ ~'Z i-H CI ~ cd J. 3 . ,_, o CO oc CM t- ^S 3 o CI CO (B*0 r-l OJ .-H Q0~ X o "q T-H CJ CO CM o CI CM rH CO 00 tr- Q t- cri ^ rH CI -* X t- t~ -* CI 00 cq ee lO lO o CO o CD CO t~ X o^ 05 s ^ sl m cT co" r^ ■4- -It t~ GO o X o CO CI t- rH o C] o CO X lO ^ — ^ • Os yi t~ o ira CI CI o rH rH X rH X CI ~ — ~ C; o X lO cc t- CJ CO o o X o o CI CI S5-52 C3 X X t^ o >o -* ■^ CO CO CI CI CI -* ^ A4 (M 05 -2 E aj rCp o .5 >o o >o o "O o lO o iC o lO o lO ts'c S tH CI 1 CI 1 CO 1 CO 1 i 1 lO o o 1 1 1 " S « i 6 >o o lO o lO o lO o >o »o o T-H CI CI CO CO ^ -* lO uo CO CO L^ -^ a r-" ■« M CO CM C2 o X CO CO X CTi c^ X t- lO o . c 3 ,^ o O CO CI CI lO CI CO o CT o o CO o _T o C3 CM ^^ o CO CO CO "O o -* rtl CO CI CO CI -* o s g (M c rH ^s 3 a: O o n o t- o CO -i^ lO in CO o "O X CI (O L- i- .-1 X CO CO 1-H o o CO C2 o CO CI CI "^1^ X -M CO CO -* -t* -t1 -ti -f -* ^ o L- "O^ t- (SS cf cf CD rH Sk , . ^So o CD X o CI -*f CO X o ■* CO CO t- i CI " "7^ s '"' t- CI L- o o I-i L^ iC lO X o t~ X lO - E-.£ ^ t- CI t- ^H L~ c- T— ( »o X CO X -* o °°, CO '■^^ ^' L- ^' L- ■s o" o -* CO CO CI CI CI co' x" X -2 £3 tH co CO o rH CM lO o t- -* t- CO CO 'it o s ■* 00 o >o -* O >o CD -* t- CD CI 03 -i.2 O °. iH »o CO tH >o 'it CI CO CI CM oq y-\ o "« ^ ! CI CO s a ■ ^a o 1-^ CO I- oTo tH '^ Ci t~ o CO ^ CO o •^ o CO CO Gi CO 2o t- CO i-H -* CI >— f o L~ L~ rH C5 o t- CO 3 1 -* CI CO -ft lO "0 O -* ~i^ -*1 o lO CO r-< -* 11 co" cf rH t-< * «i-^- o o o ■* X CI o X CO t- o CO »o CO ^—1 t- lO ^ CO X C5 CI -tl ■* rH ■* CI -* Tjt rH "3 5 ~ '-o >o CO CO CO t- CO o_ CO T->, t- CO o t- CI CI ^ a.i » ^. O -•^ ""t t~ t~ CO lO -^ Tt< CO CO CO C1 CI cf J—\ CO C5 ?- CI L~ ^ ^.^^^^ CD "So -5 >o o in o »o o «5 o »o o o o >o I'll 1-H o CI c CO 1 CO 1 o -*< 1 1 o I 1 o CO 1 o t- 1 1 o ^ rH Cl CI CO CO tl ■^ lO o CO CO t- Appendix B. 151 CC lO C5 L~ -* •H O-l (M CO CO o m o ^H L^ *^ tfi ^ CO iCi 00 rr> r-{ "* •^ T-l t~ ^ CO O X .^ o lO era CO CM •* in O CO L~ ~if in ^H CD CO C L~ -* CI T 1 i-l T-l CO 00 p.g 3 oTo n. o CO lO t~ in CM in in ^ in in CM CO 00 5? CO ^ CO L— T-l in o o in ^ CO ^ CO CO o CO C3 o r-l CM CM CO ■* in CJO i-i L- ^ CM o «2 CM tH T-l 1-1 T-l T-l .H i-i T-l oq CM CO CO in 1-1 ^ ■* -H- male )ula- on, 891. -* o Ol •TJH CO CO 1—1 t- o 05 CM t~ OJ CO 'iH UO ■* CD '^l o 00 T-l CD CO -* t- ■* o g 03 iH CO CD CM o 00 t- CD t- 1*1 « 2 O OO T-l 1-1 T^ T-l T-l t- g g » ti) o o «S tr o o CO CO h^ t~ CO noo (M ■* t- o CO in t- ^ -* ^ O (M 00 in £° C5 ■^ 00 in lO CM o co o CM CM (Ji -* o t- C5 00 00 O tH CM CO ->* CD 00 1-1 in rH 00 C3 fiS tH 1-1 rH tH T-l 1-1 CM (?q CO o Tjl T-^ iH ^ oi - • C-. ^ C-l (M 00 CM CM 00 o CO t~ C-3 CM CO O o ■* t~ CO ^ O L- C75 CM r-i CO CM in Mai opu tioi 1891 T-H i-H 02_ co" CO 00 co" CM CO_ iH O o 00 oo" t^ 00 in in in P^ o CO CO (M CM T-l tH T-\ tH iH tH CO CO := '— ^ "S 0-2 ■73 'T3 >o o lO o in o in O in o in o in "5 0) a 1 o 1 in CM 1 o CO : CO 1 o ^+1 1 in 1 o in 1 in in 1 o CO in 1 o 1 in o o 1-1 (M oi CO CO TtH ^ in m CO CO t~ Ol Ol o -« in in o CT CO 1-1 in 00 lO o OJ CO in GC> CD in o CO ^ 00 °| lO t- t- T-l ■* T-l 1-1 T-l CO C5 '^ O 'if oq tH o 1-1 ^■B o 00 00 m CO CO in o o CD r-\ ■^ CO iH 00 O ^^ CO '^ i-i in in "^^ t- CM V— rH t- L- 00 t- o t- CO ■* O CM Tjt -* in ■* H? r-\ t- '* in «d O lO CO 00 -* t~ in •"H 00 cn O in on in o rC ^ l~ -* m Td o CM -t< in CM CO C5 1-1 in dr^ o O o O o CM CO ^ CD 00 CM 00 tH iH m 00 P2 ■* iH tH tH tH tH 1-1 1-1 1-1 (M CM C3 CM tH ■* * »- -^- GO tH tH in o 00 t- ■^ in -* CM in in CD tH CM 00 00 CD CO CO CD -* in in C71 CO a) CM CO CO CO c^ I- CO CO t- M< CO 1-1 CM o CO rH K*1 C +^ T— 1 lO CI GO CO t- ■n CO (M T— 1 o o OO t- CO t^ (^ o (M (N o O in o in O in o in o m a ^ -f, « -2 r^ fM 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o ■n 1 o in 1 ■n in 1 o o 1 in 1 o 1 m 6 S 1 r-< 0-4 CN CO CO •* •* in iC CO CD L- 1;V2 EnglafuVs Beccnt Progress. H 05 « Sc K «;^ 2 • . . CO •tH 00 to 1-1 t- 00 »o t- 10 en in CO t- 00 1? ■* ■5jt to CO CO OJ »o t- J-i Q ■* 10 10 00 eo 05 - to CO tr- tr- in a ■3 CO eo CM T-i c- 00 00 to Oi ^3 •* to Ol CM to tr- CO 00 rH Oi^ m ^5 ■«»< to to »o in ■<*( CO CM CM oT CM CO •— ■3^ (M L 10 to n V to • «i 3 CO us" (M >c lO CO iH C2 rH in CC in ^ C3 CM 00 00 CC to -:H in 00 •<* oc CM m tr- to a S T* to t- CM to tH tr- rH to CO in t- io C5 t- to TiH tH CO CO CC' CM Tt< Oi S CO -t: 3 n3 t3 in in in in in r-" — ' '-' cq CM CO CO ■* "* in in to to t- tr- 3 ^ -t;5§ 10 10 in in in in in Q. c CM CM CO CO ~* •^ in in <^ to t- CO 10 10 "O 00 CO in ^ L- tr- rH tr- m ««-i ^ ' s CO CO CO in -+ CM CC t- ee rr) T-< CO ° S -* t- '^ (M t~ "# t- QC to to 00 CO in 11 iO -* eo CM CM 1-1 1-1 1-1 rH CM rH en T-< 1-H 1-1 in 1-1 ^ CO Cl •* Tf 1-1 -* 03 in CM 1—1 CM eo ';(< CO CO —( ^ CO t- c- S ? •^ r-l t- C-1 TJH •* C-1 (M CO -5ti §^ oc CM CO co ^ 'i* '* ^ Tl< in to t- m rH OS M CO eo S5..2 5g * 10 CI to CO to CO Q to C71 00 ^ t- 00 •^ CM CM in ■* CM ■* tr- 05 t~ CM in t- CC in 00 to CJ5 in to CO a t- ,—4 t- 00 ,—^ <3 ■^ 1^- CM tr- 01 oc -* CO CM ^ C3 00 t- t~ t~ to in ^ ■<1< ee CO (M CM -* 00 n CD 3 iH .■r » . ^ -* ^ CO t- 00 T(t CO CO rH -* i-i m Q CM 2S 8 >o rH t- CM 00 eo CT> t- CO 05 rH ^ ^ 5? t- C» 00 cq to CM to CM CM in §00 «o (M CM CO CO ■>* ■^ lO in in to t- CO CO CM OS tH CM eo rH * o rt - . 00 .-1 'i' 05 CM t^ tH iH in C5 CM 1-H CO CO to t- tr- i:i..2| CO C^ 00 CM r>i 'i* CC in 00 00 - CC to (M " « ' 00 t- in -:f( ^ co CO CM CM ■gri. CO o o CM tH lO m CO t- 05 Ol CD rH t:- CO fiS 00 r-i iH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CI d CO O s -1- male on, 891. ^ 05 05 lO ao CM CM o CO 00 CO O rH t:- CO 05 r-l CTJ o 00 lO o O CM o lO Gi 00 ^ o CM t- -* rH o "^^ t- t- t- o C5 00 d CU O *^ rH CO o t- U5 lO CO Cl CO '^ CM o cjT Ir- in CO P^PM CO CM CM CM CM rH iH rH rH rH rH in CO . lO t- CO 00 OJ CO CO in CM tH in a 01 o cn CO CM CM t- >n Of) CO ct ^.1 S5 CO »o CO CO CM C30 o rH ^ CO CO t~ rH CI S tS 1-1 CI fil lO O O M 00 CD lO o • o CO h^ CO <«=5 tH t- 00 CO CM CT> o en t- 00 Ir- o in 92 ■^ 5? rH CO CM lO "* 52 in Mai opu tion 189] C3 CO tH co CO t- CM CO rH 00 rH CO tH o rH lO o t- o 00 CO 00 lO CO rH o 00 CO rH Ol Ph T-l CO CM CO CM CM iH rH 1-^ '"' r-t S^ ^■ — '^— ^ c • r^ CO r~ 13 cS C-5 IC o lO o »o o >o O lO O o o in 3 53 l-H Ol (M m CO '^ -*■ O ia> O o t- l:- tcs S 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 _ & <; » S o "C O lO o "O o lO o lO o lO c_> in ^ o 1-1 CM "M CO CO -H -* lO O CD CO L- t- . ■^ o o >o lO rH CM rH •* o c^^ CO °§ a CO in CO C5 t- 00 CD ^ 1-1 rH ^ ^ rH --^ ^ T-( rH CI Cl 00 in male piila- on, 881. * CO o iH o a CO CM CM 05 ^ o CM o 00 o 00 1-1 rH Ol CO r-^ C» C- t- rH cq en in CO lO o CO CM CM 03 CM CM '^ 00_ O CO rH l:- « O-WiH «5 >o CO CM O t- CO '* CM o Ci 00 l:~ oq tr- O (M CM IM CM rH r-t r-i rH rH rH O .-H CO CO -* tr- 05 CC ■* O o o ^ o CO io rt< ^ L- T— 1 "o a 00 o t~ CM CM in tH ° o 12 o lO t- r-i • >o lO lO o O q n 05 t- CO CM 7-i Cc o L- CO a O rH CO in a^ in RS s iH rH rH rH rH T-i rH iH CM oq o cq CO CO * t~ QO 00 rH O o lO CD CO 00 oq t- CM Ol lO c-1 Ol CO CO en l~ t- •* t- |g..2S 00 lO 00 •* G> CO CO -* rH ■* CO CI 00 O CO lO~ of -* rH CX) ■^ CO n c:^ in 1 t-l CM o o lO o o o lO o in o m a. Q 1 iH CM CM CO CO •^ S ■»- * s o CI 00 y-t o o Tf> I-l •O I-l CO t- CM CD t- ctf 13 —"-J 03 CO CO CD 00 ■^ lO t- 'SI ■^ t- O 00 00 00 5 = =S CO TJH •«*< 00 iH o o 00 t- ^ ^ CO CM CO s ~~ * p^.S'^'^ CO 05 00 o CO ■* (M o o 00 t~ CD 10 1-1 CO ^ to tH I-l I-l T-l I-l rH I-l T-l CM CM 1 lH o 00 00 CM Co -# CO (M -il (M C^ o 0o 1-1 cc ■<* t- C5 o CO t- (M 05 CO CO 00 CD O) ^ c^s » ,^ O-WrH o CJ 00 n 1-1 O 00 t- o >o -* -* Ck t- i-H tH CM CM 1-1 1-1 1-1 CO o 6 o lO o i6 o iO 6 >n 0, T— 1 (M C-l CO CO ^ •^ iO lO o CD t- ••^ P P = ~ o l:~ »o *^ — ■— x cc CM 00 Z-^ i" '"' •^ "s cS • CO t- r— t o o CO o cc rH c^ a CO »o lO o o o i-H CM t- 1—4 CM 00 o Ol 01 ■* o lO 'SI I-l (M CM 1— ( 1-H -* 3 1 00 o o CO CI CC SCO g2 OD 1-1 I-l " 1-1 0" co" o CO >o o t- CO CM t- '^ "~ "-"rH 1— ( ■* o 00 »o o iC CM 03 t- C-l 00 CD |g..= 3B CD t- 00 o 0^ CO °°^ § » C ->^ r^ t-' oo' Co" »o" co" cm' t-l cT oo" t-^ CO lo' Ui' 0' 00' '"' ^ CO iH I-l 1-1 iH tH I-l i oq o| 00 t- CN L- : tH CO CO CD CO 5 II ic" >o 'Z tfc C o IC CD 00 -* 10 * o CO t- o o c^ I-l 1-1 o 5» o2 o 7-1 iH t-l T-l I-l 1-1 '-^ 1-1 10 * A cq ■* CO l-l CO -* CO 1-1 o a -* CM C^ 00 CD "— 'J'rH" <>) 00 -* -# t~ O CO >o 00 1-1 CC t- ~)* "= 5 G ;-« ^ o» 1-1 CO tr- C>1 L— >o o o >o _■ CO S3 tH i-H CI CI CO CO 'V ->1 >o lO o ^ L7 t^ § d o 1 o o 1 o o o 1 1 o 1 o 6 "^l. a t l-H C<) « CO CO - o -w iH 1-1 cq 1— 1 ■^ o CM 1-1 CO Ci crs o cq iH CT> 5 O o t- T-( cq t- O GO C2 -* t~ o 1-1 oi co "* »o t- 1-1 CO lO tH ■* 1-1 ^1 1-1 iH (M cq CM (M (M Ol CO CO ■* iH CI — -* ^M cri 1-1 lO ^ C~ lO lO o o CO O t- 'O t~ L~ OT CO -* GO c^ t- o o 'I* H CO 'ii o o (M -* o o '^ lO ^ * -^ o tr- "* O c- -<*l 1-1 c» to CO cq cq o ^ ^ H ^ ee CO CO CM (M o irt -t "3 o CI CO O) rH ""* '"' '"' '"' rH t- O rH 11 OD 2 : : : : : if t- 00 CO CO ■* rH 8 00 'H 1 CO 00 CO 10 CO X CM m Ol o 7-t r-l rH rH rH CM CM CM CO r-i •* '"' 7-{ -* •*- o CO 50 t-< ira t~ X Ui (M CO 00 I-l ■* CO rH t~ >o CO rH X «3_ rH ^(2--^ oT CO 00 oT (M (M r-> rH rH rH t-H rH CO ^a a CO t- n CM CO CO -^ X t- rH CO (M (M rH r-t la lO t- t~ 11 O cx) •* rH CM ©1 CM T-i rH rH « ■* (M ■* 3 g CO ■* 2g cc CO CO lO rH (M lO ^_^ CO t~ ^ X c^ (M 5? X CO CO .00 CO X a CO tr- CM X OJ rH rH CM o ■^ 10 Oi CO 05 CO 10 X t- CM in X m rH CO X CM T-t t- -=H CM t- 10 S&sl CO CO CM (M CM i-\ rH i-\ rH rH rH 'it PM rH s 10 10 10 lO lO 10 -J3 CI ! CM 1 CO CO 1 1 10 1 10 10 1 CO 1 1 t- 6 T—\ o !<=> 5? X ^-1 (M CO '^ 10 L~ ^ X r— * rH rH rH rH r-l rH rH CM CM CM Q2 '"' CO male pnla- on, 881. lO (M t- ^ rH X CO CO (M cn O-^rH c^ of oq IM rH j^ r-t -^-Ph CO ^ m a CO CO ^ CD in •<*( ■* -* U5 >o rH rH c3 (M CO CM CD (M CO CM CO rH crj ■* C C5 y-i t- u tc «§ 00 X O 5 in afo c. X ^ t- ^ 7-1 CO •^ X oi t- CM CM CO -# t- CM CO rH rH rH rH CM d CM CM o »o c^ X X >n CO CM X t~ «-: : ^ r-l 01 CO CM rH y^ r-l r-i rH rH rH rH ^ ^ s CO -«^ t»H S rC -a a 0-- 10 10 >C in lO lO >rt fl ^ 111 1 rH 0^ »6 6 CO 1 CO 1 1 1 10 10 6 so 1 T 01 !M CO CO ■<1< L— a Appendix B. 157 ,_) — cq o a « • ■ tjo w o CO CO 7-\ CO in CM 05 -* CM CJS o in rH «a 3 o 1-1 00 '^ §f 00 CO CM rH i-T r-T rH 13 , ** y-^ t- o i-\ CM C35 t- o CO 00 o ■* -1- s C5 CO CO co CO CM 05 in i-H CO m o o T— 1 J-^ C35 CO in in ■* ■^ •* CO CO CO CO ■* CM d. r-T a lO o in o lO o in o in s 1 in in in o in CO 2 e n 1 o in (N 00 CO 1 CO oe*c? 1 OT o 00 in CO CO CO CO n^ C75 L- OS O) 1-1 CO CO ■^ '^^ in L- tH L~ i- o •^ in CO 1-1 ,-1 _l ,-1 1-1 i-i ^ ,_! 'M (M co ■^ C^ L- iH 1-1 in •»- 2"= K!S C5 00 (M CO cc C5 OS in t- -t( O t- CO o o o -* C>) CO ■^ tM cr> o CO o CM t^ o 1-1 lO »o ■^ CM t- tH CM ^ CM CM O '^f o CM fePM 00 t-l o MH 05 o -* 1-1 o 00 CO -* T> o (» Tjf CO CO (M (M -l o CO o L~ t~ CM CO CI o2 ■* o o (M CM CO CO in t~ '-' t~ in CO ■ m ■ »o t~ ^ 00 CO CO in t~ '^ o CO sr52 ^ CM T-l o »o UO CM o t- o in CO CM ^—\ CO 0^ ^ CO ^ CO CO CM ffl CM iH iH iH 1-1 iH rH CM CO D O -H I* £ 05 TD rs t3 c3 0~ LO o lO o >o O m O in o m o in m o o 1 o CO 1 CO 1 1 1 o in I in in 1 o o 1 in CO 1 in O -1 0-* T— 1 CM (N CO CO ■^ •^ m in CO CO t~ o Q "" p; r^ C ■s| cS CO 1-! < ^« -tJ s t ^ C-l CO 1-1 ^ CO CO ^ Ol r-* in (M CO o n o CO (M Ol CO lO CO t- C-l tH o CO 1-1 Ph «s 00 CO o CO 1-1 1-1 CO o T 1 CM t- CO o CO t3 ►J >o 00 o t- CO CM i-H ^ ^ ^ CO n iH tH «d >o o 00 .-( CO in C2 ■* o t- t- o CO t~ oc CM CO CD o <35 00 ^ o tH 1-1 T-l iH tH tH iH 1-1 (M CM CO in 00 CM — tH 1-1 CO "— rr-' iic* . . o QC' CTi r-H CO CO CI L~ ^ y—^ CO O o CO CO 1— ( o OD CS CO o X in GC O CC CM t~ 00 slsi o '^, L^ L- C: o en ■"t cr:. o L- r-i CM (M a pSr-. ^ -* o >o o-j lO (M o Oi CO t- in ■* C3 t- fePM ^ •^ CO o o in o m o in o IC T^'p) ?l - = j T-H Ol (M CO CO ■* -* in in CO o t;- t~ e g •^ ^ S 1 o >o O iO o in o in o in <\ in o in S, S 1 ""^ t- cq rH o CO O 03 «=; ^ (M ■^ o CO t- '^ CO L-~ CO in 05 - t- Ol o CO CO co ^ CO 00 ^ oq t- CD ^ tH o2 CO 1-t cq cq cq cq oq cq cq CO -* in t- CM CT> Ol CO 03 -1— male lula- on, S91. CT> Ol tH C3i lO lO CO a> OD a:i CO CO L- t- I— Ol CO o> cq o oq L~ O CO ^ t~ oq o o (M CO o t- CO lO CO L~ cq CO o o CO L— CO OJ p-*irt 00 CO cq co CO cq CTi in CO rH 00 in cq rH Ci f^CM CO t- t- m ■* ■o o ie O lO O m o in o in o in 'S'g rH (M cq CO CO '^ ^ in in CO CO t- t^ s g O 1 o 1 A lO o lO o in o in o in o ^^ ft tH cq cq CO CO ■n in ^ CD 1 1 <o •<*< CO CO CC CC sq QA oq T-l -* CO o iH m c~ cr CD in in ^ tr- in CO »o 00 00 t- L^ a CO 00 CO ee oq gS Ol oq CM oq CM oq (M oq CC CO ■^ t- -* tH »S (M oq rH 05 . * CO in CO -^ t- CO CD t^ CC oq oq «>- --r^ cc CM CJi Oi 10 CO L- -^ m CO ^ L- 01 oq t- C3 oq CD ^ a CO T-l »= C*^r-I (M Oi lO t- -* t~ oq t~ in CM ai ■^ P^ CO oq CD ^ -* CO CO CC oq oq 04 oq t^- s — ^ -*^<^ — T3 "TS »c >o in in in in in 0, 111 1 oq 1 UO 01 1 CO I in CO 1 in -5ji 1 in in in 1 in CD in 1 T-l oq oq CO CC ■* Tjl in in ^. CD L- t:- ^ Appendix B. Ifil 1 O "o § o o » t- O (M t- 03 CO CO o i*i CD en O CM > Ol 1-1 1-1 t~ -^ CO iH t~ •^ m CO Tji ^ CO lO CT> L-- 1-1 CD t~ 1-1 CD CO 05 iH CM t- g o 1-^ (M iH CO C32 »C CO CM CM iH T-l 1-1 CO r^ i 1 iH tH tH . . 1 T-l CM f oo" 1*1 00 o p«^ O-k^M CO o o 00 CD lO m 1* 1*1 CO CO (M CI 1*1 CO fH CO o 1-1 r/j , ^^ O ■s-s-s >0 O lO o lo o m o m o m O m "a S 1-1 CM ca 1 1 i o in o CO CO ^ I 1 1 in o lO 1* 1 o m 1 m m CO 1 m CD 1 m 1 o 1-1 (M (M CO CO 1*1 ^ m m CD CD t- t- Pj o t3 Q ^ CM o 02 >C CO CO oq t- t- •* o o CO CO CD cq 1*1 • '^ CO CM 1-1 t- Til o m m CD CO m 00 a:> Ph s lO »o »o 1-1 ^ »o 1-1 CO t- 1-1 CO CO 1*1 1* CD ffl> eo 00 05 CD O) 00 CO o CO in CM CD CM ■* 1-1 lO 'i' CM 1-1 1* t- o CM cq Ol CO CO t- CD t- S ft.2S -* c- t- CO O CD o ^ o t- (M Ol 1*1 C5 CD f^P-i ■* 02 CO t- CO in m Tti ^ CO CN 1*1 CO CO O T-l c 1 ^ 1 c • . CM o S CS O j; o sis C5 1-1 CO -* o CM CM O 03 m cs. ^ CD CO CM iH -* ■* t- t- CO CO r-l CO » CM CO ^fl o CD «s o t- -# o t- t- t- CO CO CM 00 o m CO M t- iH CM o o in CM CM cm" iH T-l T-l S rH T-4 (M CM iH C35 , t- CO CM CO 00 CD 00 CD t- tH t- CM 1*1 CO 1 t- »o O O CO in CO m (M CM t- 1*1 t- 5"? 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CX) H "o S o tS 1 o T-H lO (M ^ C7> lO r-l O O O CO CO 1 o 2 »o t- T-H CM lO o ■* o t~ t- CO K "O (M c:i r-< xn lO CO CM O CM 00 a> h! 00 co t- >o ,_! a 00 t~ H 00 CM o o o 00 ■* t~ rH a CM ■* i^ 5? 00 t- lO lO m en o CO t- o rH CO rH r-l C5 O CO lO 00 CO CO lO CM o CM lO CO # 2^ 01 o^ CO CO CO -*i CO CO CO CO CM lO O qs '"' rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CO ■* rH lO ^ * H o *o O 00 rH t- CM lO 00 O rH o a 00 eo o lO t- O CO 01 CM o >o CM m m a rH CO rH >c r-l (M 00 C-5 00 en 00 CO O ^=2 tH T-H »o t- CO C5 -* CM o o CO CM 00 CO y—l CO O Q GO t~ iO ^ CO CM o rH o ** ^ •^ (M Qq T-l rH r-i rH r-l rH rH CM CM ^ rH •* - , rto-i o o lO o >o o »o o Ui s 1 m o lO 11 < 5 ? 1 [ o 1 s 1.0 CO T o 1 1 o CO lO 1 o c :? 1 *"" CN en en •^ •f m »o CO t- 1 Appendix B. 163 Gain oe Loss of Population in the Principal Groups, Calculated per cent, on Commencing Population.* Age at end of Decenni um. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 10 Large towns •8 4-8 8-2 1-8 20 1-0 •4 20 19 Old towns 3-1 9 9 12 I lO'O S-2 ■3 •9 20 22 Textile 1-5 3 3 3-8 36 34 1-4 •2 ■6 9 Colliery 6-8 12-0 7-8 3-0 ■5 2-8 2-0 •3 7 Industrial : IMiddlesbro' 3-3 4-8 4-9 •2 6 •3 1-6 33 G ,, Wolverhampton ; 7-5 9-8 12-2 150 12-4 6-9 87 6-7 12 ,, Southampton . i I -9 125 21-2 152 8-9 2-2 31 35 25 Industrial (total) .... 30 6-8 10-8 ii-i 8-2 35 5-1 4-8 7 Residential, with Asylums . I 220 123 4-2 4-8 9-0 8-6 5-5 9 ,, Brighton, &c. . 1-7 194 104 27 •9 4-1 6-7 7-4 3 ,, special 2-5 26 8-9 13-6 10-0 12-8 12-5 6-6 13 „ other 4-4 25-8 i8-7 30 1-2 4-1 3-3 •2 32 Residential (total) 20 20-8 12- 1 2-6 5-9 6-5 4-5 4 ]\Iilitary towns 22-9 30-8 3-1 9 9 5-8 1-7 1-8 •2 12 „ other . 28-9 33-3 8-3 32 -5 21-2 10-7 95 7-8 IG Military (total) 25-4 31-9 1-8 203 12-5 37 29 33 3 Miscellaneous . 1-2 219 198 G-8 10-7 10-6 9-0 5-2 G Rural residential 15-8 35-6 303 12 I 61 •4 1-9 53 3 „ S.W. . 167 374 37-4 190 79 3-8 30 61 3 „ East i6-8 36S 32-5 i6-2 8-8 49 40 6-8 G ,, Wales, &c. 17-0 335 344 224 131 10-2 81 5-6 G „ North . II-7 247 25-6 i6-5 10-5 57 55 57 24 „ (total) . 153 33- 1 311 166 91 4-6 44 5-8 England and Wales .... 25 77 7-2 51 40 •2 I'O 24 See the series of Graphs on pages ix.-xvi. M 2 164 EfighnnVfi Tifcenf Pror/rcftfi. Gaix ou Loss of Population in the Principal Groups, Calculated per cent, on Commencing Population. Akc . it end of Dee enniiini. MALES— ISOl-lavu. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 10 Large towns 5-3 9-3 6-6 2 8 2 4 8 5 19 Old towns T 8 9 9 7-8 7-4 97 71 3-5 21 1 0, 1 G 9, f); O] 1 22 Textile T o 37 ■4 3 7 I 7 1 T 3 6 I 6 9 Colliery 5 4 7 Industrial : Jliddlesbro' . 2 1-3 2-7 2-7 1 5 1 6 1 6 1 5 6 ,, Wolverhampton 6 8 90 10-7 100 6 7 4 5 5 4 6 12 ,, Southampton . 5 43 37 40 9 8 6 7 2 5 7 25 Industrial (total) .... 2 I 47 49 23 2 1 1 4 2 7 Residential, with Asylums . G 7 9 9 10 18-2 17 2 16 2 16 2 13 5 9 „ Brighton &c. . 9 12 8 24 11-8 13 4 12 10 4 12 5 3 „ f^pecial 7 7 143 92 3-3 7 9 12 8 10 7 13 ,, other 5 22-6 14- 1 5-4 8 9 10 3 8 9 7 8 32 Residential (total) 1 15-8 69 10-0 12 12 11 3 10 9 4 Military towns 24 8 42-0 2-2 10-8 5 7 6 7 5 3 5 1 12 „ other 66 1 65-4 6 6 21-7 4 7 9 5 5 5 16 Military (total) 40 9 51 -G 1-6 155 5 7 2 5 2 5 3 3 Miscellaneous . 12 8 28 8 232 19 6 16 6 14 1 14 G G Rural residential 15 5 354 31 -2 91 2 8 I 4 I 2 3 „ S.W. . t6 8 36-8 35-2 350 33- 1 134 II-9 4 4 6 2 ? 7 ? 2 7 I 3 „ East . i6 2 8 2 8 I 6 3 G „ Wales, &c. II 8 276 25 2 81 9 6 2 1 6 „ North . 8 9 234 239 112 6 6 4 6 3 7 3 3 24 „ (total) . 13 6 313 29 -2 10-5 3 9 2 5 I 8 2 England and Wales I 6 5-8 51 •6 4 1 2 5 Appendix B. 165 Gain or Loss of Population in the Principal Groups, Calculated per cent, on Commencing Population. FEMALES— 18S1-1891. Age at end of Decenniuni. 1.5— 20— 25— 30— 1 35— 40— 45— 50— 10 Large towns 10-5 21-4 j 9-6 10 1 I 46 65 57 3-8 19 Old towns 3-0 •I 70 57 41 3-2 1-9 1-3 22 Textile 9-2 9-7 •2 2-6 31 51 2-2 15 9 Colliery 37 2-4 6-7 4-8 2-9 1-7 •2 i-o 7 Industrial : Middlesbro' . . 8-9 61 7-1 8-8 4.7 •8 1 2-7 6 ,, Wolverhampton 12-7 II-7 9-9 103 94 71 6-5 74 12 „ Southampton . 43 37 53 53 43 26 34 3 3 25 Industrial (total) .... 93 7-8 44 4'i 43 3-8 40 49 7 Residential, with Asylums . 3-5 3-0 3-0 •7 1-9 3-7 5-3 2-9 9 „ Brighton, &c. . 30-5 28-6 2-0 49 •8 •2 5-3 5-0 3 ,, special . .33-8 45 3 18-7 9-3 10-7 10-8 11-6 12-2 13 ,, other 9-2 6-6 •5 51 •7 2-9 1-3 32 Residential (total) . . . 18-1 17-5 2-8 27 1-2 1-7 5-1 4-0 4 Military towns .... 3-7 10-8 9-5 3-1 2-1 •I ■6 12 „ other .... 6-7 S •6 2-9 53 4-6 44 21 16 Military (total) .... •7 6-1 5-9 1-0 •9 1-9 1-8 1-2 8 Miscellaneous i6i 8-3 10-9 9-2 6-4 4-4 3-2 4-0 6 Rural residential .... 24- 1 28- 1 13-5 37 30 4-8 4-8 49 3 „ S.W 190 246 205 10-8 8-6 7-2 47 5-8 3 „ East 262 325 204 9-6 6-7 6-9 5-8 7-2 6 „ Wales, &c. . . . i6-6 24s 21 12-3 9-6 II 3 6 6 62 6 „ North 14 9 16 6 146 12-8 9-8 8-2 60 73 24 „ (total) 20-5 253 172 9-4 i 71 74 5-6 63 England and Wales .... 1-2 1-9 •3 2-8 37 5-1 37 32 166 England's Bcccnt Progress. Gain or Loss of Population in the Principal Groups, C'aloulated per cent, on Commeucing Population. Vp'XfATX'O 1Q01 ion Age at end of Decennium. J Hi JLAXiIaO— lOlfl— lifUi. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 10 Large towns 9-7 20-2 12- 5 2- 4 2- 3 41 39 32 19 Old towns 3-9 1-2 4- I I- 8 I- •4 •2 22 Textile 6-5 6-2 I- 4 3 3 2 4-6 3-6 22 9 Colliery 21 2-0 6 1 5 6 3 2 •4 1-4 7 Industrial : Jliddlesbro' . 71 54 8 1 9 8 6 1 2-4 •5 II 6 ,, Wolverhampton 10-2 107 7 2 7 5 9 57 47 63 12 ,, Southampton . •7 1-1 3 5 5 5 2 7 2-7 1-4 •4 25 Industrial (total) .... 6 6 57 1 1 4 1 •8 13 2-7 7 Residential, with Asylums . 9-3 11-1 11 9 12 11 3 11-7 11-3 8-9 9 „ Brighton, &c. . 28-6 28-9 6 4 3 2 7 4-8 4-7 8-2 8 ,, special 28-8 33-6 5 5 3 2 1 1 2-6 7-1 7-5 13 „ other 14-2 9-3 1 2 1 1 G 7-3 5-6 4-9 32 Residential (total) 19-9 19-3 5 5 1 8 3 6 6-6 6-4 7-2 4 Military towns 2-5 12-2 15 6 8 7 2 3 1-9 •4 •1 12 ,, other 4-4 8-7 12 8 7 4 2 1-2 1-0 1-4 16 Military (total) 3-3 10-8 14 5 8 3 1-G •6 •6 3 Miscellaneous . 74 95 9 6 13 6 11 7-2 8-7 8-5 6 Rural residential 22 3 265 II 7 6 8 3-8 3-6 37 3 „ S.W. . 19-5 239 19 2 9 2 6 8 72 41 44 3 „ East 242 314 18 3 3 7 3 8 43 50 49 6 „ Wales, &c. 13- 1 200 16 3 5 8 4 8 61 32 26 6 „ North . 120 153 12 3 7 •4 6 •0 50 4-6 39 24 „ (total) . 184 234 14 •7 4 •8 4 50 41 39 England and Wales .... •2 3-3 2-0 ■7 13 27 24 1-8 APPENDIX. C. APPENDIX C. The Tables which follow comprehend — First, a summary of population, births and deaths in 1881-190 L in groups of districts formed for the purposes of this paper, 160 in number. Second, a summary of gains and losses (net), in the same period and in the same groups of districts, consequent upon migrations. Third, similar information as to each individual district, showing how the totals in the first and second Tables are made up. Fourth, a set of 160 statements conveying information as to each of the districts under the following heads : — 1. The registration districts of which each district or group is composed.* 2. The boroughs and larger urban districts included in each area, with occasionally smaller m-ban or even rural districts separately shown, the residues being denominated "rural parts." 3. The leading industrial and other occupations in urban districts having more than 5000 inhabitants, such occupations being indicated by brief words such as cotton, woollen, silk, boots, soap, glass, colliery, engineering, commercial, seamen, military. Where the term " iron " is used it means iron manufactures, not iron mining. 4. The institutions where insane or imbecile persons, scholars, military and naval people, are collected in large numbers, and the persons enumerated on board vessels, where the numbers are large. 5. A series of Tablesf showing for each district — (a) the numbers of the male population in 1881, at the ages they attained (if they survived) ten years later ; the number set down at the age 0-10 being that of male births in 1881-1890. (b) the numbers of deaths which occurred in 1881-1890 amongst males at the several ages. (c) the loss or gain of male inhabitants in the same dccennium (net) apart from the births and deaths. (d) (e) (f) the like information as to females and, opposite to these Tables, similar Tables, giving the like information for the next decennium. * Whore the figures given in 1901 refer to an altered boundary, the ro-transfers of population necessary in order to conform to the 18'Jl boundary are shown. t These Tables are interleaved with those described under heads 1 to 4, so that each district can bo conveniently studied apart from the rest. 170 l^nrjland's liccrnt Progress. It is impossible, as already noticed, to arrive at a thoroughly satisfactory classitication of areas liaving special characteristics, so long as the unit is the registration district. The rural element in urban and other districts which have been separately tabulated, and the urban element in county residues, in some cases rise to importance. In districts where mining is a leading industry the non-urban districts cannot be considered strictly rural. Excluding the colliery districts there are, however, still a large number of exceptional cases, which are shown in the following Tables. In the following twelve county residues the rural (male) population fell short of four-fifths : Residues of. Gloucester and Somerset. Stafford, Warwick and Wor-'l cester j Sussex Bucks and Oxford .... Carmarthen group Essex and Herts ■. Carnarvon and Anglesey . Lincoln and Rutland . Salop and Hereford Kent and Surrey .... Leicester, Notts and Derby . Lancashire and Cheshire. Male Population, 1901. Total. 223,228 156,101 118,760 145,280 135,298 155,588 66,825 168,449 182,743 134,463 185,322 105,411 Rural.* Percent. Female Population, 19C1. Total. Rm-al.* Percent 178,217 I 79-8 243,690 124,182 I 79-6 159,090 124,365 152,978 153,403 162,811 71,188 173,992 188,894 136,663 193,748 106,571 93,336 78-6 112,601 77-5 101,424 75-0 115,998 74-6 49,766 74-5 122,258 72-6 129,299 70-8 I 93,787 69-7 116,184 62-7 58,551 55-5 191,049 124,155 95,980 116,642 116,659 118,443 51,858 124,242 131,324 92,827 119.777 58,184 78-4 78 77 76 76 72 72 71 69 67 61 54 * Including places which have less than oOOii inhabitants, although such places may be separately shown in the detailed Tables which follow. Certain urban districts with more than 5000 inhabitants are treated as towns, though they are essentially agi-icultural, and the truly urban population in them is certainly below 5000. Only two "large towns" showed more than ten per cent, of rural surroundings, but twenty industrial places (including a few working in textile fabrics), six "old towns," seven "military places" and 26 resi- dential and miscellaneous places had fully 20 per cent, of rural population within their limits, as show^n in the next Table. These facts should be borne in mind when considering the statistics of migrations and mortality in particular places. The higher the rural ratio the lower should be the death rates, and the greater the loss by migration, unless such migration be counterbalanced by the attractions of the other portions of the district. Male Population, 1 )01. Per cent. Female Population, 1901. Total. Rural.* Total. Rural.* Per cent. Bristol Leicester .... Luton Todmorden .... Whitehaven Kettering .... 187,864 126,695 23,408 20,063 27,448 23,872 27,853 23,610 4,701 4,443 6,662 5,882 14-8 18-6 20-1 22-1 24-3 24-6 217,896 141,557 27,766 22,144 28,094 24,221 31,101 24,659 4,912 4.810 6,655 5,792 14-3 17-4 17-7 21-7 23-7 23-9 * In this Table I have omitted to reckon as rural many places with less than 5000 inhabitants, so as not to exaggerate the niral element. See the detailed Tables in this Appendix. Appendix C. 171 Male Population, 1901. Female Population, 1901. Total. Rural.* Per cent. Total. Rural.* Per cent. Kidderminster . 18,782 4,804 25-6 21,987 5,307 24-1 Burton-on-Trent . 47,521 12,354 26-0 45,293 12,060 26-6 Penzance 22,5G5 6,189 27-4 26,722 7,383 27-6 Wharfedale . 27,103 7,611 28-1 30,375 7,984 26-3 Cockermouth . 34,543 10,851 31-4 34,993 10,839 31-0 Crewe .... 36,787 11,573 31-5 36,206 11,624 32-1 Stafford . . . 15,485 5,040 32-5 15,817 5,367 33-9 Wellingborough 28,027 9,288 33-1 28,015 9,220 32-9 MiUom .... 8,087 2,747 34-0 7,806 2,720 34-8 Leek 20,314 7,000 34-5 21,553 6,873 31-9 Macclesfield 27,202 9,384 34-5 32,152 10,101 31-4 Falmouth . 10,332 3,767 36-6 12,839 4,425 34-5 Redruth . 21,234 8,153 38-4 26,875 10,230 38-1 Rugby . 17,144 8,777 51-2 17,184 8,721 50-8 TUbury . . . 18,348 10,788 58-8 15,398 9,124 59-2 Helston . 9,463 8,174 86-4 11,310 9,511 84-1 Farnhani 35,371 8,261 23-4 27.087 8,690 32-1 Deal .... 15,738 6,249 39-7 15,795 6,285 39-8 St. Germans 11,468 6,151 53-6 9,679 6,367 65-8 Godstone 13,946 7,762 55-7 13,918 8,043 57-8 Aldershot (North) 16,753 9,455 56-4 13,760 9,558 69-5 Salisbury 18,922 11,237 59-4 19,323 9,891 51-2 Windsor. 19,527 12,421 63-6 20,772 13,748 66-2 Oxford . . . 27,876 6,077 21-8 33,625 6,142 18-3 Carlisle . 29,659 8,172 27-6 33,202 9,209 27-7 Exeter . . . 42,339 12,505 29-5 50,751 13,503 26-6 Maidstone . 23,607 7,739 32-8 25,479 7,831 30-7 Lincoln . 36,634 12,057 32-9 38,036 12,077 31-8 Chester . 42,982 21,009 48-9 45,190 21,059 46-6 Harrogate . 18,047 3,707 20-5 22,457 3,395 15-1 Scarborough 22,539 5,048 22-4 28.571 4,898 17-1 Bath .... 33,084 7,528 22-8 44,520 9,139 20-5 Leamington 24,097 5,794 24-0 30,809 5,791 18-8 Llandudno . 15,364 3,940 25-6 18,667 3,939 21-1 Tunbridge . 30,095 7,708 25-6 36,708 7,833 21-3 Worthing 17,211 4,442 25-8 21,715 4,367 20-1 Southport . 48,315 12,944 26-8 60,279 13,701 22-7 Torquay . 53,670 14,734 27-5 68,087 16,003 23-5 Southend 24,661 7,670 31-1 26,509 6,895 26-0 Heme Bay . 11,340 3,538 31-2 13,208 3,516 26-6 Bedford . . . 26,526 8,881 33-5 31,160 8,932 28-7 Guildford . . 30,372 10,541 84-7 31,750 10,651 33-5 Watford . . . 41,092 14,878 36-2 45,852 16,368 35-7 Isle of Wight . 37,803 14,359 38-0 44,615 14,200 31-8 Staines . 16,884 6,671 39-5 16,977 6,608 38-9 Reigato . 19,843 8,055 40-6 22,897 8,692 38-0 Rhyl. . . . 14,565 6,469 44-4 16,481 6,597 40-0 Uxbridgo 18,738 8,374 44-7 20,265 8,844 43-6 Maidenhead 11,247 5,067 45-0 12,307 5,507 44-7 Clacton . 22,499 10,731 47-7 22,526 10,253 45-5 Malvern . 12,887 6,739 52-3 16,429 7,534 45-9 Weston-supor-Man 21,083 11,348 53-8 26,839 12,396 46-2 Brentwood . 10,946 8,585 78-4 11,490 8,919 77-6 Cromer . 10,813 9,084 84-0 11,450 9,398 82-1 Easthampstead 8,182 K,18l> 100-0 7,575 7,575 100-0 * Sec note on preceding page. 172 England's Recent Progress. If wo strictly oxcludo froni the rural category all places with 5000 iuhabitauts aud upwards, except a few glaring examples, viz., Warminster, Biggleswade and the portion of Wenlock outside Madeley, but include all smaller places, we arrive at the following Table : — Large towns . Colliery districts Military places . Residential places , Industrial places Old towns Textile manufacturing places .... Rural residues . Miscellaneous Population. 1891. 10,103,082 3,604,323 905,265 1,672,922 1,971,800 1,315,875 2,809,431 6,565,100 54,727 29,002,525 11,770,735 4,348,045 1,078,197 1,963,135 2,259,236 1,460,707 8,007,049 6,578,992 61,747 32,527,843 Population of Kural Places and Small Towns. 1891. 425,578 1,016,205 202,565 557,151 473,601 245,397 294,806 5,194,972 44,120 8,454,395 1901. 498,584 1,182,797 226,608 616,018 516,034 253,424 301,375 5,094,413 48,767 Increase per cent. of Riual Population. 17 16 12 11 9 3 2* 11 8,738,020 * Decrease. It will be seen that population increased somewhat rapidly in the districts outside large towns, including such places as Mitcham near London, Yardley near Birmingham, and Norton near Sheffield. The increase in the " rural " parts of colliery districts needs no explanation. In the remaining rural districts there was no increase in excess of the usual diti'erence between births and deaths, and in the residues of counties actual decrease was shown. If we descend to details, we find that in fifteen out of the 160 districts there w^ere few rural inhabitants or none. The remaining 145 may be classified thus : — Movement of Rural Population in 1891-1901. Loss 3 per cent and over. Loss 2 per cent. to Gain 2 per cent. Gain ; 3 per cent. and not exceeding 6 per cent. I t Gain 7 per cent. 1 up to 10 per cent. Gain over 10 per cent. Totals. Large towns . 1 j 1 6 8 Colliery districts Military places . Residential places . Industrial places 3 6 3 3 6 1 7 , 1 1 3 2 3 8 7 17 8 9 14 32 24 Old towns 1 5 I 3 2 2 13 Textile manufac-'i turing places . . / Rural residues . 3 9 7 14 5 1 1 2 IS 24 Miscellaneous •• 2 i 3 22 i 38 i 19 15 51 145 The names of registration districts being in many cases such as would convey no clear idea of their situation and character to the mind of an Appendix C. 173 inhabitant of London, I have ventiired to re-name several of them as follows : — Bootle in Cumberland is re-named Millom to avoid confusing this iron manu- facturing district with Bootle, near Liverpool. Elham is re-named Folkestone. It also includes Shorncliffe Camp. Hartley Wintney is re-named Aldershot (North) as including the North Camp. Eastry is re-named Deal. Sheppey is re-named Sheerness. *Lancaster is re-named Morecambe. *Warwick is re-named Leamington. St. Asaph is re-named Rhyl. Upton on Severn is re-named Malvern. Ormskirk is re-named Southport. Fylde is re-named Blackpool. Knaresboro' is re-named Harrogate. Conway is re-named Llandudno. Christchurch is re-named Bournemouth. East Preston is re-named Worthing. Newton Abbot is re-named Torquay. Rochford is re-named Southend, and Orsett re-named Tilbury. Tendring is re-named Clacton. Axbridge is re-named Weston-super-ilare. Blean is re-named Heme Bay. Erpingham is re-named Cromer. Billericay is re-named Brentwood. * These are well-known places, but attract fewer immigrants than those whose names aie substituted. Note. — By way of illustrating the use of the figures in this Appendix I have taken out the losses and gains of population in 1891-1901 : — For males aged in 1901 And females ,, ,, 20-30 15-25 Gains of males f w^ere confined to the large towns, colliery districts and military places. Losses of females were restricted to the rural districts, industrial places (not textile) and colliery districts. But there were exceptions. Gains of males at this age were met with in the following places : — Gain Gain Gain per cent. per L ent. per cent *Rugby (town) 46-9 ]\Iorecambe 17 9 Wellingborough G-2 Southend 45 5 Kettering . 15 1 Uxbridge 5-8 Blackpool 44-6 Doncaster . 14 9 York . . 4-6 Barrow-in-Furness 35-5 *Crewe (town) . 14 1 Watford 3-7 Harrogate 32-6 Swindon . 12 7 Reading . . 3-2 Llandudno . 29-9 Coventry . 7 9 ♦Lincoln (city) 3-1 Southampton 28-5 Rotherham 7 9 Burnley . 2-3 ♦Grimsby (town) . 19-1 Bournemouth . 6 5 * Advantage is taken from the Tables in Appendix G to show these four places tvithout the adjacent rural parishes. And amongst the places where gains of male population at this age were the rule, there were a few exceptions, viz. : — Loss Loss Loss per cent. per cent. per cent Deal . . . . 31-3 Salisbury . 5-4 Nottingham . . 0-2 Bristol . . . 11-3 Wrexham . . 2-4 Wigan group . . 0-2 Cannock . . . 8-2 f In this passage the three miscellaneous districts are ignored. 174 England's Recent Progress, Losses of females at age 15-25 occurred iu the following districts not of the olmractor indicated above : — Deal . . Sheemess . ^laidstonc . Clacton . St. Germans Staines Loss jior cent. 13-9 13-G 12-1 12-0 11-G 11-1 Loss per cent. Saddloworth . 10-6 Wakefield . . . 8-3 Aldershot (North) 5-6 Leek . . . . 5-5 Salisbury . 4-7 Kidderminster 4-1 Cromer Chatham . Uxbridge . Macclesfield Loss per cent. 8-4 3-1 2-4 1-2 and there were gains of females aged 15-25 in the following places Gain per cent. Rugby (town) . . 34-4 Southampton . Grimsby (town) . 19-3 Luton . Kettering . . 18-3 Wellingborough Nuneaton . . 15-1 Glamorgan group Gain per cent. 12-7 11-6 5-9 5-4 Doncaster . Durham colliery group Walsall. . . . Gain per cent. 4-0 2-2 1-9 The greatest gains of males in the classes where gain was general are now shown : — Large towns ; CoUiery distr. Sheffield . London Nuneaton . Glamorgan Gain per cent. 14 1 9 7 27 7 12 4 Military: Sheerness. Chatham . Farnham . Weymouth Folkestone Aldershot (North) Gain per cent. 116-1 44-G 40-9 40-5 38-9 37-9 and similarly the greatest gains of young women were seen in :- Textile: Keighley . Stockport. Burnley . Old towns: Carlisle . . 13-8 Residential: Bournemouth Harrogate Military: Folkestone . . 42-8 Blackpool. Llandudno Eastbourne Southend Cheltenham Brighton . Gain Nottingham per cent. 19-0 London . 17-7 Leicester. 17-1 Carlisle . 13-8 Coventry . Folkestone . 12-8 42-8 Godstone 17-5 Plymouth . Weymouth . 14-4 14-2 Gain per cent. 19-5 15- 13- 85- 76- 65- 58-5 56-2 39-4 31-4 26-2 The greatest losses were sustained in the rural groups (residues of counties) \dz. : — Loss per cent. Males: Norfolk 40-9 Devon 37-6 Essex 37-2 Loss per cent. Females: Norfolk . . . . 33-9 Wilts 29-4 Essex 28-1 In smaller districts there were also some examples of similar losses : — Loss per cent. Males: Grimsby (rural i^art) . 40-7 Falmouth . . . . 39-6 Brentwood . . . . 38-9 Malvern 37-3 Loss per cent. Females : Camiock . . 28-3 Rugby (rural part) . 27-9 Grimsby „ ,, . 27-9 Lincoln ,, ,, . 27-8 but these are less deserving of attention, as, no doubt, were the county groups sub-divided into fractions of equal importance, greater ratios of loss would be shown in some of them. Appendix C. 375 Population, Bibths and Deaths in 160 Groups op Registration Districts. Population (Males). Births. Deaths. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 10 Large towns . . . 4,113,447 4,785,597 5,574,872 1,594,1441,697,164 971,088 1,056,028 22 Textile manufacturing^ towns J 1,196,754 1,325,701 1,410,377 425,719 409,330 283,500 287,679 7 Industrial (Middles-"* boro', &c.) . . . / 231,363 280,910 336,542 93,771; 104,474 48,632 57,232 6 Industrial (Wolver-\ bampton, &c.) . . j 380,624 410,769 447,034 150,088 153,245 83,815 88,285 12 Industrial (South-\ ampton, &c.) . . f 263,446 286,347 336,801 93,147 96,883 51,777 56,308 9 Colliery districts . 1,526,454 1,871,147 2,246,693 624,486 735,561 345,831 406,225 19 Old towns .... 573,496 626,713 692,305 201,376 200,527 122,505 128,941 4 Military towns 224,612 268,273 320,572 80,700 88,878 48,598 53,704 12 ,, districts . 167,941 184,091 227,040 50,005 50,128 29,501 31,401 7 Residential (with Asy-"l lums) . . . . / 129,251 144,655 172,522 41,356 42,305 27,991 80,410 9 Residential (Brighton, ] Bath, &c.) . . . j 244,494 278,075 328,276 81,186 85,892 50,505 56,962 3 Residential (special) . 59,615 73,869 82,532 19,596 20,356 11,486 18,921 13 „ (other) . 2.32,245 259,626 298,095 74,936 75,930 42,110 44,975 3 Miscellaneous. 24,200 27,389 30,375 7,166 7,197 4,718 5,182 136 Totals . . . 9,367,942 10,823,162 12,503,536 3,537,676 3,762,865 2,122,002 2,817,253 Rural Residues : — G Residential 984,735 942,168 939,723 284,693 252,141 160,093 150,997 3 Wilts, &c 354,669 341,799 330,144 104,169 90,854 62,534 57,498 3 Norfolk, &c. . . . 633,683 622,197 610,861 191,827 169.702 110,683 102,920 G Welsh 558,863 527,007 531,174 160, 68S 148,247 101,247 98,175 G Northern .... 790,060 796,568 813,175 j 247, 07C 234,06ii 141,807 138,383 24 'J'otals . . . 3,271,960 3,229,739 3,225,077 989, 05g 895, OOC 576,314 547,973 IGO Grand Totals . 12,639,902 14,052,901 15,728,613 4,526,729 4,657,871 2,698,3ie >2, 865, 226 170 England's Beccnt Pi'ogreas. POPCLATIOX, BiRTUS AND DkATHS IX IGO GkOUPS OF HeGISTRATION DISTRICTS. Population (Females). Births. 1891. 1901. 1881-90. 1891-00. Deaths. 1891-00. 10 Large towns 22 Textile manufacturing towns . 7 Industrial (Middles boro', &c.) 6 Industrial (Wolver hampton, &c.) . 12 Industrial (South ampton, &c.) . 9 Colliery districts . 19 Old towns . . . 4 Military towns 12 ,, districts . 7 Residential (with Asy lums) .... 4,525,G70 5,277,835 0,142,2491,540,6771,640,649 922.5311,000,317 [ 1,321,444 1,481,362 1,598,074 413,270' 397.478 270,358 277,129 I : ' I 217.193 264.603 821,197j 89,958 101,085 42,872 50,206 } ; i ! 1 ; I 374,667 408,498 446,6981 144,430 147,839 74,823 276,913 808,716, 357,685] 89,654 599,517 9 Residential (Brighton Bath, &c.) . . 3 Residential (special) 13 „ (other) 3 Miscellaneous . 136 Totals . . Rural Residues : — 6 Residential . 8 Wilts, &c. . 3 Xorfolk, &c. 6 Welsh . . 6 Northern . 24 Totals 160 Graxd Totals 1,463,193 1,774,894 614,9281 682,661 I 230,029! 272.252 i I 161,317' 177,773 142,068 161,892 V 298,115 353,420 69,837j 91,414 264,260! 805,230 23,767 27,338 2,155,192 758,611 319,858 198,570 77,631 207,577 47,550 193,366 39,529 418,3271 77,828 107,772! 18,815 856,153' 72,447 31,8721 6,893 98,110 48,975 707,221 198,810 80,995 312,081 117,292 45,614 48,614' 26,805 ! 41,311 26,387 83,053 51,892 19,687j 10,729 78,444 6.812 41,965 3,970 79,817 53,127 865,871 128,479 50,892 28,474 29,387 58,907 13,086 45.908 4.483 9, 983, 401 11, 587, 888 18, 418, 631 3, 411, 764|3, 635, 058 1,995, 794 2, 180, 538 951,843 976,823' 991,046 275,829 243,579 150,246 144,591 877,612 371,071 860,854! 99,598 87,139* 62,828 57,519 646,493 636,634 627,914 184,897i 162,673 105,652i 99,196 577,284' 562,108 798,404 815,600 8,351,136 3,361,736 562,462 154,089 142, 908^ 98,283' 96,826 843,828 288,332' 225,925 133,652i 131,484 3 , 885 , 599 951 , 745 862 , 224 550,661 529,616 13,384,58714.949.62416,799,2804,363,509 4,497,282 2.546,455 2,710,149 Appendix C. 177 Losses and Gains (Net) by Migrations. Males. Females. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Loss. Gain. Loss. Gain. Loss. Gain. Loss. Gain. 10 Large towns . 49,089 148,139 134,019 .. 224,082 22 Textile manufacturing"! to%vns / 13,272 36,975 17,006 3,637 7 Industrial (Middles- 1 borough, &c.) . . J 4,408 8,390 324 5,715 6 Industrial (Wolver-"! hampton, &c.) . . j 36,128 28,695 85,776 29,822 12 Industrial (South- j ampton, &c.) . . . j 18,469 9,379 8,876 8,986 9 CoUiery districts . 66,038 46,210 24,265 38,948 19 Old towns .... 25,654 5,994 8,545 5,619 4 Military towns 11,559 22,125 10,206 16,503 12 „ districts . 4,354 24,227 4,289 9,664 7 Eesidential (with Asy-"1 lums) j 2,039 15,972 6,682 19,550 9 Residential (Brighton, \ Bath, &c.) . . ./ 2,900 21,271 28,874 40,761 3 Residential (special) . 6,094 2,228 13,491 9,757 13 „ (other) . 5,445 7,514 10,488 23,387 3 Miscellaneous . 741 971 648 1,705 136 Totals . . 39,546 234,762 188,517 371,218 Rural residues : — ' C Residential 117,167 103,589 100,103 84,265 •• 3 Wilts, &c 54,505 45,011 43,311 39,837 3 Norfolk, &c. . . . 92,630 78,118 88,604 72,197 6 Welsh 91,297 45,905 70,982 45,728 G Northern .... 99,361 79,072 87,484 66,718 24 Totals . . 454,960 351,695 : 390, 484 308,745 IGO Grand Totals . 415,414 116,933 ,201,967 62,473 178 Enghdtd's Bcccnt Progress. Detailed Populatiok axd Biktiis and Deaths in 160 Cluours of Registkation Districts, INCLUDING Losses and Gains (Net) by Migrations. Population (Males). Births. Deaths. Migrations (Gaiu or Loss). 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Loudon . :i, 266, 127 2, 685, 167 3, 140, 895 877,876 936,276 517,722 567,381 58,886 86,833 Manchester . 1 401,0ie| 458,320 520,995 155,948 162,685106,208 114,0811 7,564 14,071 Liverpool 398,138; 433,057 492,770 153,470 158,717104,636 107,98413,915 8,980 Birmingham . 345,773! 394,501 470,890 131,637 145,286 75,105 87,300 7,804 18,403 Leeds . . . 158,965' 186,578 216,760 61,392 67,533 39,936 43,167 6,157 5,816 Sheffield . . 148,068. 169,891 204,266 57,072 64,748 36,998 40,367 1,749 9,994 Bristol . . 146,414' 165,568 187,864 54,981 56,664 30,310 32,141 5,517 2,227 Leicester . , 87,704. 107,233 126,695 36,331 38,817 20,479 22,398 3,677 3,043 Hull . . . 87,098i 104,2361 124,536 34,872 39,345; 20,897 23,459 3,163 4,414 Nottingham . 74,144 81,046 89,201 30,565 27,093 18,792 17,750 4,871 1,188 4,113,447 4,785,597 5,574,8721,594,1441,697,164 971,0831,056,028 49,089 148,139 Bradford . Bolton Blackburn Oldham . Burnley . Halifax Ashton-under Lyne . Dewsbury Huddersfield Stockport Preston . Bury . Rochdale . Haslingden Keighley . Macclesfield Wharxedale Kidderminster Todmorden Leek . Glossop Saddleworth Middlesbro' Rotherham WalsaU . Doncaster Crewe . Swindon . Tilbury 146,727 91,985 83,617 81,008 57,319 81, 074 1 73,107 73,701' 75.341 54,135; 60,331 61,645 57,305 45,464 29,054 28,970 22,626 19,562| 17,095, 15,226 10,769' 10,693: 160,049 109,088' 96,347 96,357! 79,185: 87,148 167,671 122,581 104,071 102,173 93,310 90,560 77,792 84,215 77,408 79,585 62,748' 66,893 64,797i 58,1011 48,869| 32,903| 27,816 24,308 19,149, 17,930 16,218' 12,192: 10,868 78,720 77,738 72,494 70,624 65,696 61,595 51,545 36,259 27,202 27,103 18,7821 18,753! 17,7341 11,528; 10,023 1,196,7541,325,7011,410,377 70,169 38,893 42,144 27,043 29,077 14,728[ 9,309 83,630! 47,443' 50,367 32,138 31,833' 20,. 393] 15,106 93,959 59,720 69,070 42,763 36,787 25,895 18,348 231,363 280,910! 336,542 49,634! 35,457| 33,927 31,582 25,863' 25,559j 26,514: 25,222, 23,411 20,222! 24,617 21,613 16,893 15,425 9,376 9,058 7,250 6,369 4,947 5,356 3,986l 3,438 425,719 29,065 15,864 17,760 9,913 10,352 6,640 4,177 46,540 38,903 32,489 30,018 29,310 23,246 25,359 23,189 20,437 21,090 23,634 18,570 15,781 14,274 9,679 7,919 6,972 5,324 4,499 5,688 3,527 2,882 33,198| 22,135; 21,981 21,879 15,789| 17,767; 17,940 16, 120! 17,062! 13,922! 17,399 13,9941 12,328' 9,670 6,452: 6,551 4,314! 3,733l 3,436' 3,019 2,567^ 2,244; 32,401 24,596 21,776 22,877 3,114 3,731 784 5,646 18,08511,792 17,184! 1,718 18,192 3,889 16,535 15,521 15,020 17,384 13,965 12,324! 9,737 6,663 5,911! 4,970; 3,491' 3,377; 3,137i 2,552 l,98l' 5,395 2,105 2,313 656 4,467 3,769 2,350 925 3,661 1,254 3,049 676 1,345 4 1,019 6,517 764 2,989 1,325 2,900 2,650 744 5,342 6,763 3,676 2,519 3,706 37 1,861 340 2,622 793 2,200 299 1,035 1,639 1,746 409,330283,500 29,579 19,343 20,067 12,412 11,102 7,119 4,852 93,771! 104,474 15,597 8,140 9,386 5,442 5,260 2,809 1,998 287,67913,272 ! 36,975 17,712 9,769 11,362 7,050 6,009 2,993 2,337 48,632' 57,232 4,408 ; 8,390 7 826 151 624 2.336 1,834 3,618 1,538 2,703 2 5,263 139 1,376 727 Appendix C. 179 Detailed Population and Births and Deaths in 160 Geoups of Registration Districts, INCLUDING Losses and Gains (Net) by Migrations. Population (Females). Births. Deaths. Migr (Gain o ations ■ Loss). 1881. 1891. 1901. ' 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. London . 2,540,158 3,003,000:3,505,662 847,335 902,898 494,552 539,879 110,059 139,643 Manchester . 440,718 500,066 567,644 151,039 157,825 101,385 107,744 9,694 17,497 Liverpool . 419,681 466,928 530,036 148,493 152,914 100,104 103,614 1,142 13,808 Birmingham . 865,151 420,629 505,725 127,636 141,582 69,714 80,671 2,444 24,185 Leeds . 168,564 200,466 234,063 60,142 66,034 37,572 40,387 9,332 7,950 Sheffield . . 149,485 172,691 204,864 55,329 62,757 32,544 35,927 421 5,343 Bristol . . 170,396 190,534 217,896 52,197 55,137 30.358 32,149 1,701 4,374 Leicester . 95,406 118,036 141,557 35,188 37,880 19,028 21,264 6,470 6,905 Hull . . . 90,992 109,453 131,016 33,525 37,644 19,057 21,262 3,993 5,181 Nottingham . 85,119 96,032 103,786 29,793 25,978 18,217 17,420 663 804 4,525,670 5,277,835 6,142,2491,540,677 1,640,649 922,531 1,000,317 134,019 224,082 Bradford . . 164,855 181,832 193,013 47,745 45,004 31,813 31.882 1,045 1,941 Bolton 100,420 117,761 135,006 34,664 37,640 21,171 23.120 3,848 2,725 Blackburn 92,337 108,556 119,449 33,062 31,484 20,854 21,102 4,011 511 Oldham . . 87,453 104,796 112,331 30,913 29,327 20,221 21,170 6,651 622 Burnley . 61,015 86,094 103,984 25,044 28,486 14,553 17,360 14,588 6,764 Halifax . . 89,366 98,134 103,607 25,117 22,516 16,567 16,263 218 780 Ashton-under-~i Lyne . . j 81,232 87,284 94,751 25,789 24,642 17,806 17,832 1. 931 657 Dewsbury 80,011 85,188 88,285 24,-396 22,585 15,226 15,613 3>993 3,875 Huddersfield . 81,096 88,814 88,908 22,912 19,655 15,205 14,316 11 5,245 Stockport 63,022 72,538 83,814 19,638 20,547 13,997 14,738 3,875 5,467 Preston . 68,838 76,648 81,607 23,589 22,802 17,065 17,291 1,286 552 Bury . 67,963 72,608 75,124 20,527 18,027 13,456 13,612 2,426 1,899 Rochdale . 64,607 65,752 69,865 16,469 15,456 11,728 12,101 3,596 758 Haslingden . 49,829 54,539 57,465 15,553 13,868 9,640 9,493 1,203 1,449 Keighley . 32,067 36,336 41,204 8,829 9,444 6', 141 6,499 1,581 1,923 Macclesfield . 33,043 32,508 32,152 8,649 7,668 6,438 5,891 2,746 2,133 Wharfedale . 24,079 26,948 30,375 6,924 6.874 4,099 4,714 44 1,267 Kidderminster 21 , 380 21,985 21,987 6,252 5,198 3,487 3,343 2,160 1,853 Todmordou . 18,432 19,655 20,678 4,878 4,365 3,. 305 3,197 350 145 Leek . . 16,012 17,187 19,203 5,323 5,606 2,908 3,163 1,240 427 Glossop . 12,781 14,605 14,149 3,827 3,470 2,539 2,611 536 1,315 Saddleworth . 11,606 11,594 11,117 3,170 2,814 2,139 1,818 1,043 1,473 1,321,444 1,481,362 1,598,074 413,270 397,478 270,358 277,129 17,006 3,637 Middlesbro' . 62,867 77,570 89,236 27,539 28,571 12,977 14,937 141 1,968 Rotherham . 36,642 44.141 55,280 15,564 18,683 7,500 8,604 56s 1,060 Walsall . . 41,963 49,745 59,537 17,138 19,403 8,365 10,133 991 522 Doncastcr 26,809 31,343 41,069 9,465 12,268 4,994 6,361 63 3,819 Crewe . . 28,383 31,265 36,206 9,685 10,529 4,902 5,469 1,901 119 Swindon . 13,358 18> 335 24,471 0,438 6,846 2,574 2,796 1,113 2,086 Tilbury . . 7,171 12,204 15,398 4,129 4,785 1,560 1,906 2,404 315 217,193 264,603 321,197 89,958 101,085 42,872 50,206 324 5,715 N 2 tv^O iLnfjland'ti Becrut Progir.^a. Detailkd rorii.vTiON AND Births and Deaths in 160 Groups of Registration Distuicts, iNii.ri'TNi; l;OSSF.s ani> Gains (Nft) r.v ^Itcnxrioys—continncd. r..,, Illation (Mnles). ]o CO CO lO o CO CO o 1 CO o C> (N 1-1 Ol 00 o rH s C5 00 o CO ■* -* Ol o CD Zi /;; tH CO UO C5 CD Ol -* -* en CO L~ T^ CO a 5) 1 1-1 CO iX) o oo 1— 1 70 L~ o CO lO 1*1 PhS ^ CO o o in CTi ■>*H o QO" CM o" t-^ ^"^ T-l [ —1 CO t~ ■* Ci C^ CO o lO o •* Ol m UO o ■^ o o >o ■^ 1-1 >o o t- o Ol t~ CO t:~ 5? ■* tH •* 00 iH d o ■>* t- Ci uo -9f •^ lO 00 §S CO o C5 I-l ■* CO 00 o t-l Ol ■<*l L- o CO o o2 1-1 1-1 tH yH 1-1 I-l Ol Ol Ol Ol CM CO a CO (M »o 00 t- tH Tt( o cn CO lO 00 1-1 I-l o '^ ■* GO 00 ® o O CM o o o o o CO o o ■^ Ol o Ci o en lis 00 CO -* CO tH 00 lO CO t- Ol o en ITS 00 ■* CO >o O '^ CM o o o t- co CD ^ iH CO IT- CO o Oi CO CO * 1-1 . (M lO o '^ (^ 1-1 CI Ol Tti CO a> CO r*l Ol iH ^"0 00 o o ■* Q5 1-1 o a 00 •* o CO I-l o 00 £? OD o Ci o 00 lO a ■* Ol T-l CO o t- Ol CO ^ :::? o o CI CO lO 00 I-l ■^ CD t- I:- 00 t- CO t- fiS iH 1-1 iH iH Ol Ol 01 Ol Ol CO CD c b CO 00 o t:~ CO t~ »o 00 t- ^ lO a CD o CO t~ o Ol '^H tH »o CO CO 1-1 iH 1-1 Ol ■>*l o o lO o lO o lO o >o fl h 1 CM CO 1 lO CO 1 o 1 1 o lO 1 1 o CD 1 lO o 1 o lO 1 o « 1-1 1-1 * CO Ol Ol 00 Ol Ol CO CD ss CO CO »o gS C5 o o CM -* >o t- 00 00 o iH co CO CO ■<* «2 (M tH tH iH iH I-l iH iH iH Ol Ol Ol t- en ^ lo o CO -* t- t~ 00 lO t- '^l 00 00 CO Ol CO 0) o CO 00 CO oo 1-1 CM t- CO CO CO o 00 Ol Ol ''S-S'^' CO 00 '^l o 1-1 >o o CT> CO o CO 00 o c- iO ■* 5 33 t- CO CO 1-1 1-1 iH CO 00 o 1-1 o L^ lO CO Ol t- Tt< 1-1 L- ~n lO lO Ol a L^ ^31 c^ L- CO o 00 ^ o 00 CO CM CM CM C-l CI 1-1 I— 1 1-1 1— 1 1-1 CO ;2 CO CO t- o o •* CO I-l CO CM Ol _B co CO o CO t- -* ■^ o ■* 03 11 »o o CO 00 o Ol Ol ■o io CO CO C71 o CO s «'-Z; _: 00 Ci CO tr- CO CD L^ tH t- iH CO lO 00 -* o t- CO o io t- C-1 CO 00 t- lO CO CO CO o CO •^ *^ ;r rS I- I-l t- CO T-l iH a CO ■* Ol o 00 CO >o t- ■* J^ 00 CO Ol Ol 01 Ol T-l 1-1 iH 1-1 iH iH Ph CO ^• '— ^ V '^v- 3 • • _ <" ?c-1 oo o »o o >o o lO o o o lO o lO a >^ iH 1-1 CI Ol CO CO t -tl •o lO o CD t- I- OS c^ 4;'gS AA o c^ 1 6 2 c^ 1 6 o 6 lA <^ -5^ u r-l CM &c 00 § o eo CM •<}l IO I-l t- O iH o o^ CO eo o o Oi o CM 111 •^ tr- rH CO -^ >n 00 n CO ■* ■^ >o >o lO -* io iH CO rH I-l iH CM Ol CM o iH ^5 o> 'd< I-l o <35 ■* c» •<*l en rH lO m rH CO CM >o 1:- C3 rH 00 O a ■* »o I-l rH rH eo 1-i 1-1 rH oTc; o -# CO I-l IO ^ ^ rH CO co CO 1-1 ^ tr- CO '^ CO t~ CM o o CO CO t- "O a lO c:^ ■^ CO o o «s I-l CD oi_— O CO CO rH Ol t- tH IO t^ ■* CD CO ■^ CO t- rH •^ GO ■* ^ t- o •* o o o o CO CO cq ■* CD £ E.2§ t- CO CO T-< o t- CO ■^ T— 1 o c^ L- IO IO CD o I-l 1-1 1-1 rH rH CM s . . . . . . , . --^ ■§o| fT^T^ o- S O lO o >o o IO o »o o IO o IO o »o t£ £ ^ r-( i-H C-1 C-1 CO CO -# o IO >o o tr- t:- ^ ^ OO IO o o o >o IO o lO o io O lO Q, ^ "• CM CM CO CO ■^ t- ^ X CO «l-l "^ o o • • °o o s"^ (M tr- o •^ (M o CO CO o l:- m t- Ol s » s CO io tH cn o o iH CO >o 'Si CD lO rtg CO O CM o ^ CO CO CO (M r-l rH Tjl CM H^ tH I-l in o o o iH CM era CM 1-! t- t- tH CO CD •^ CD IO o 00 CO CM "O 00 o rH oq CO CO CO CM lO lO t- iH I-l oq CM CM CO CO CO CO CO CO CO tr- CO s » P2 1-1 IO Si .. . O -r o o ^ CM '^ o CO o o CM a> CO CM CO ira -^ CO CO CM IO a t- CO CO I-l tr- 00 en lO rH = — - » Ol i-H o I-l o iH 00 L- IO •* CM a> CO lO T-t f^fs"'^ tH {M CM OJ CO CM CM 1-1 iH rH rH iH t-l S d M t- eo «w ** CO 00 >o , , , , °o o CM t- CO "B ts CO CM o t- rH 00 C75 ^ CO o CO CO § to n o o -* c-1 Ol tr- »o CO CO C3 CD o «g CM t- IO 1-1 00 Hi iH tH (M . . 00 «D CT) iH ^ t- CO CO io CO o o T-{ 00 00 •^ ? 03 ^ CT> G5 >o C75 1* CO lO CM t- CM IO tr- tr- a> o -* CO t- ^ t- o ^ 5. ^ 50 -o o >o O IO o »o O o O lO a ^ i-H tH 1 6 CO 1 CO 1 o lO ! o IO »6 iO 1 o CO 1 >o o 1 o t:- 1 lO i o =3 g c 1-1 f^ (M Ol CO CO ■* •^ >o K> CD CD l:- Appendix C. 19^ ii .S 1 C5 ss t- (M CO o O ■r^ CO t~ d o cq o CD CI CO ■* t- t- CI CO CO CO CD »o O CO «;H O OJ o o CO o> o o 03 00 L~ lO "O 00 tH M •* r-{ r-i rH r-{ CO rH ^ => •^ lO 00 oq lO o ■* O CO oq CI oq ■* C7J rH CD >o L— CO 05 ^ 00 rH CO CO •^ CO CO o CI CM (M CO CO ^ ■* >o lO »o o »o cq 05 fiS CO rH cq 7-i 5c« . . lo -51" oq T-( i-\ cx> CO ■* oq o ■* 00 cq cq ■^ rH sill t~ »o rH o o CO l-i 00 CO lO o t- O tH 00 00 iH oq CO o lO CT> cq •* o cq 00 CO tH C^PM (M t~ CD CD lO Tj< ■* CO CO oq rH cq '3 O gg t~ CO O CO lO o:; l-{ O o o o CO O CO •^ a> M ■* rH lO t- o -* a CO CO CD Ttt ^ o rtg iH C5 CO o C-l CM 00 C2 oo CD t- CD o t- CO h-l lO rH rH r-i CD r-t If t~ CO tH tM oq CO ■^ CD cq lO 00 fn CO 00 rH 00 lO CO CT> CD 7-< lO o cq <^ CO o lO c- 00 t~ UO t- T-l CM CO CO ■^ CO r-i tH t- o >o 05 t- -^00 t- t- t- CO o lO -* -* CO oq oq T-t r-l ■* OS a -— ^ Is 0-5 O "O o in o lO o >o o lO o lO o o T3 ^ cS ^ Age end cen 1 1 o o CM 1 1 o CO i CO 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o CD 1 CD 1 Q i-H i-( oi Ol CO CO '^ -* lO o O CD t- .s O §2 CT) CO CD lO l:~ 00 CO 00 rH oq CO ■* t- CO OJ M) o> lO 00 CO CO CD CT> CO OO ■* CO O cq lO CO «S o • CO rH O o 00 Oi t- o lO 00 TtH Hi tH rH rH 7-< rH UO r^ oTcJ 5? •^ Ci CO CO CO t~ O CO t- c? co CO o lO tH O CO lO O CO t- O CO t- o rH o cq * s Ttf ■^ •* ■* lO o »o o CD CO th lO «S t- rH 7-( — ^-*^ male pula- ion, 881. CO t~ CO 00 ■"H t- t- CO •c CD -* CD W5 ■* CO >o 1-1 1- t~ t~ 00 t:~ CO t~ cq lO o cq CO in rH O •MCO o CO CO cq "O t- o tX t- cq oq O 05 03 ^S"-^ ^"^ 00 t-^ t- t- CO o >o ■ CO c~ -* a> 00 05 lO -^ to 00 CO o 00 CO CO o "* L- CO OT 00 cq CO CI ^ oq CO -* o o lO lO O lO iO o o Q2 00 rH rH lale pula- ion, 881. U3 t- CO >o (M t- M* 05 Tj< rH OT CO t- Ci rH oq OrH 00 rH CO -* >o CO 05 O rH CO cq CO CO 00 rH t- o rH r-^ CT> (N 00 00 Tt* L- o CN L- 05 <-i ,rt 0*^r-( t-^oT b^ t- CD t-^ t- in tH -* co CO CI rH rH CO d o rH ^ ^— ^^-s rt'o-S o lo o lO O lO o lO o o o lO o iO Age end cen iH iH CN CM CO CO •«n -«ti >o lO CO CD t- 1- 6^ lO r^ lO c^ lO n& 5? tH tH C-l *) o i-H o U3 CD t- »o 00 rH 00 cq t- ■* cq CO 0) O-^^ fePLl i-H Tjl tH « «> >o -if CO CO cq CI 1-1 rH cq s o lO t- ~- 1 a o .-I * s Ci o o o 00 CO CO Ci 05 o i^ CO •* d t- CO »o lO ->*< -if cq CO rH tH 1-1 rH Oi IS 00 •^ Ol 00 CO (M o 00 oq rH Ci o en rH CO o ^ o T^ C5 iH 1-H tr- rH rH Ir- lO GO lO ■^ r-i (M CO -:»< lO CO o t- t- o CO lO rH lO OS CO 1-H o rH Male Popula- tion, 1891. ^ ;0 CM T-H t- 00 iH CD '^ 00 -* '^ o 05 t- 00 CO 00 lO CO o 00 CO tr- d Ir- lO rH CO o cq 00 CO o o (M o in io 00 lO o CO Oi CO a> lO iH TJH ■* -^ O o o lO o lO o >o o lO o lO o lO , CO ■< CO a 1 1 o lO CO 1 o 1 lO 1 o CO 1 lO o t- ! lO Ir- i o c3 c3 ■a rH tH CO ■^ ^ lO lO CO o tr- ^^ ^ CO ■^ -fl CC' o; o ° s o iH s'a S b. t- t~ o cq CO -+1 CO o CO CO «-^ CO 00 00 lO Ir- -f CO CO cq CO cq m o t- •* 00 >o rH o o tr- Tj( -* ^ 7-< h^ -* oq 1— ( 1-H rH 1-t 1—1 •^ rH sfg 1-1 '^ fT) ■* 00 tr- -<*< >o CO t- co 00 tM rH lO 5? o io lO "O CO CO CD lO 00 §00 (33 ^ rH rH rH •2^ -. iH C"J t- C-l '^ CO 00 o ■* 00 CI 00 C5 1-H a CO p! "— c: ""^ t- lO CO CM 00 r-t CI ^ lO CO ■^ t- ct CO d ^s*^^ .-H oq lO (M t~ '^ 1-1 oq lO Ci CO 00 o 00 lO 00 »0 CD >o >o o t- o lO -* CO CO cq cq rH cq CO T-l tr- , CO . i a t- 00 ■a 00 >H °.2 o i-f ■* ■* co CO CO tr- lO tr- rH lO '^ T-i io S tJb ■ aj ■<*< t- lO o CI o lO io t- -* CO rH ■* f^S ! O i-H Cl o 00 C5 o t- t- o ^ ■* ■>*( o 1 -* T-H T-H 7-\ rH - . 1 t- CO o t- -* ^ CO 05 oq CD C2 o cq lO rH CO C5 (M ■^ CO lO •o CO rH cq 00 CO o Ir- CD o iH o o lO o iO o lO o lO i-H i-H 1 1 CO 1 o 1 1 o lO 1 o CO lO o C^ 1 lO tr- 1 o » I-H I-l c» CO CO ■* ■* lO »o CD r- t- o< f -) 1 p Appendix C. 195 (M CO cq a o O ■<^ H-l "^ -* -* -* tS -^ ^ o 00 r-{ 05 g2 1 cq o^ o cq t~ CO lO Tf< cq CO C- tr- O OO C3 cq c- -* o CO o TO CO CO ^s q ^- t- CO oq rH <"„ t:- o ■^ t:- oq CD t- 05 CO ^ CO oq i-{ rH lO rH . . 1 to O 1 >o 7-{ •^ cq o rH >o o CD cq cq GO rH tr- ^ 00 t- 00 o TO CO o cq CO 00 00 TO ?,s 00 o o "* 00 rH >o t- o cq CO CO TO CO cq qoo 00 rH T-H rH cq cq cq CO CO CO CO CO cq rH 1 1 rH rH CO « z, to O 00 m o 00 rH CT> TO CO CO rH CO ■^ 00 00 znal puis on, 891. t- CO t~ CO lO cq 00 cq cq CO CO TO cq CO o >O^C0 05 o^ rH cq CO 00 TO "^^ cq O "* CO TO '*',. iSS-" 05 O 00 t- t~ o cq CO t- CO TO CD cq o 00 CO t- CO (M cq CO -* tH CO oq cq rH rH rH rH T-i lO 1 -* • 1 rH C3 >o O »o a >o b- ^ oq TO ■s rH CD -* o CO rH o CO O CO ■* CO TO lO lO 00 Ph3 00 rH CO CO TO tH ■^ TO 00 GO CO -* O) CO 00 GO CO CO 1-1 >o ■^ rH rH oq il i Ci CD lO O CO o TO t- Tjf 7-1 CM CO ■^ rH cq o t~ CO rH CI OT t- ■* o ■^ -* O »'* Deat 1891 o o l-{ o o CO 00 oq lO CO CO CO lO oq ^ 0-1 rH rH cq oq cq CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 oq CO Male opula- tion, 1891. CM C~ CO CO 00 rH i-\ o CO CO CO rH rH t- CO TO ■* o ■^ ^ c^ o •^ TO rH lO GO t- TO TO o lO CO CO o" CO oq o" CO lO co TO 00 O tr- lO^ iH VO R 00 CO o o lO o lO o lO o lO O lO o io ^ !3 1 1 o CO 1 lO CO 1 o 1 1 o lO lO 1 o CO 1 lO CO 1 t- 1 lO t- 1 O =5 ^ lO Oj fi rH 1-i cq cq CO CO ^ ^ lO lO CO CO tr- tH b- rH a' C3 "O tH o fl (S o t- tr- a 00 05 io "S 05 rH « to 00 ^ ^ o t- 00 ^ TO t- 00 oq TO ■ lO CO 1-i ^ 00 GO CO lO oo lO 00 t- O lO CO t- rH tr- t- CO oq o t:- 00 O h-) CO rH C5 o rH GO io co CO cq r-l TO cq O Ci t- cq CO oq cq TO rH -* t- o oq tr- lO .cS cn t- o CO 7-i CO oq rH lO t- cq lO 00 ee o (M rH CO t- i-H CO CO GO TO o oq lO 00 oq ■* (M rH 1-1 7-H cq cq oq cq cq CO CO CO CO rH ■* rH CO male pula- lon, 881. ■<*( tH lO CO cq CO >o 00 cq o T-l o CO rH o CO rH ■* CO t- o o o ■^ ^ t- lO rH CO TO rH T-l__Cn 01 t- •<** CO o 00 00 t- C5_ 00 o__ !>•_ -*_ CO ^&^- o -* o t~ GO lO rH CO t- oq 00 lO cq O t-^ l>- C5 CO CO *l CO ■^ 3 g CO CO*" cq" >n lO T-{ rH tr- o lO GO r-l 00 tr- 2S If CM t~ t— 00 7-i CO '^l CO o CO t- CO o o Tt* j-\ CO o lO t- TO -:H rH lO 1^ o lO >o cq cq rH rH o 1-H oTo 00 tH lO rH ■ CO TO CO o lO nn CO rH 00 00 tr- C3 o I-H t- r-^ >o TO rH oq CO ■^ Ttf CO t- li in CM rH rH rH cq cq oq CO CO CO CO CO CO t- io CO ^-a^- r-l lO CO >o m 03 o CO T^ tH CO o CO rH CO •<1* -* OJ Ol "O oi CO lO CO TO CO CO ■* rH CO (M rH co'io" ^ CO" o" 05 CO tr- to" t- cd" o TO_^ co" cq^ t- o" to" C5 CO H rH rH rH s a 13 TJ ?'„'^ a o lO o lO o lO o o o lO O lO o lO C8 g tH rH Ol cq CO CO -:t< -»i lO lO CO CO L- L- if a » icJ, 1 ^ 1 c^ 1 c^ lA c^ 1 lO ^ 1 lO 6 lO Oi « r^ rH C1 01 CO CO •* ■ o 2 196 England's Recent Progress. o o w P5 O W 02 *^ 'J~' c ■^1 _??_ 1 S 2 , CO o 8 t~ »o CM m o o »o tH (35 CO ■* CO £5, 00 -* CM t- CO lO m en CO •^ or) »o lO 3 ''I CO rH 00 tH t> CO in rH CO 00 CD ■o (M CO O tX ■* CO CO CM rH C35 lO If I CO ■* o ■^ lO (M o »o CD J-, CO (35 00 CD »o ■* tH o Ol CM tr- CO (3i CO C35 CO lO CD o in »o 00 (M o rH lO CO 00 o> CM in CO rH PS I-l iH iH I-l CM CM CO CO CO CO CO •*< CM T-l ^^ rH (35 J ^ ^ Female Popula- tion, 1891. O 00 g O (M Oi CO CM rH 00 •o tH iH o »o 00 1-^ 00 CO tH r- Oi OJ »o CO CM CD CD iO t- t:- O t- t- 00 lO CM CD o CO t- CO o lO l-H CO o o (35 (35 tr- 00 (M «S t~ tH !M CM CO -* •^ -* in ■* •* -* C35 CO ■ lO tH CO in CO lO CO O Tjt CO CO CO Oi T-l rH CO CO CO ■^ CO CT) lO tH »o c- •^ tr- (M CO CN iH 00 o ■^ lO in U> CO CD 00 o o io CO CT> CO T-l CO CO o in rH Ct) CM (35 Pt 1-1 >o -* ^ CO CO CO Co o lO t^ XO O lO o o O lO O in ° '3 C<1 1 o 1 lO CO 1 o lO 1 o lO 1 in lO CO 1 in CD 1 1 o • a '"' CM CM CO CO -* ■* lO in CD CD t- 3 o ■s§ c3 CO in sg o 03 iH CO I-l CO on tH CO CD 00 O o O »H o rH o (35 CM CO CO (35 00 CO CM t- 3 CD^ O eo" cm" oo" t^- CO CM co" CM co" CO rH >o lO t- T-l m ig tH t- (M CO o 00 tr- T-l o CO O o lO CO T-l ■0 «5 w ->* CO CO CO CO CM CM T-l iH rH rH T-l tr- iH io fl' (35 o§ o CM CM 1 = =3 CO CO CO a I-l Ci lO lO O O CM in lO •* 00 ^ CN CO CD CO iH Q m -m CM tH (M 00 3 O^ c^ iH I-l CO I-l CO_^ co" 00^ •«*l co" cm" CM CO CM~ CD_ iH CO CO r-l oo" T-l ^ t- T)< iH 05 I-l CM en CO C31 CO CM o cr C<1 in r^ OS t- CM (M (35 o t- CO t~ o lA o ■<* o iO CO »o CD CD o •* CO ■* Ss o CT I-l o c^ 1 »o 1 o 1 in 1 o 1 in 1 o 1 in 1 O rH I-l (?) CO CO •* ■>J1 lO lO C-) CO tr~ M 1 Appendix C. 197 -* cq cn 00 »o • • • 00 in **-• £ CIS 00 rH CO ®o O -*" cm' * CD CO in CD tM CM as t- 10 C73 in -* in iH c- CO CD )^ «N CM CO CO cq i-t rH rH rH cq C-l Oi t- »o >o T-H 00 CD in ^ 00 rH CD t- ■* t- CD t- CM cq ■* 10 03 00 CD rH CD CO *< CD Oi cq -* t- QJ 03 Oi rH rH rH CM cq CM CI cq cq CO cq •^ i-H male pula- on, 891. * fT> in 1.2 "5 cs 00 cm" cm" CO 03 en rH cq cq cq cq CO cq in 1 CT> >o c-> t- CM t- cq in Tjt CJ3 cq f^l CO rH a 00 CM '^ OJ t- •^ cq 03 Hi (M cq rH CO CM i-< rH CM oTd Q o t- ■^ in in 00 ■o lO 10 in in in in y 111 - -* Oi rH in m t- m CO tH cn .H CO CO ^ 'ii CO CO CO in CD CD T-i aJ^ 00 C3 05 CM in t- CT) rH cq CO CD 03 CD r-i r-i 7-i rH rH CM 01 cq cq cq cq •^ (M in emale opula- tion, 1881. ^ T-\ 1-{ m CO CO t- 03 ^ m ^ ■5*H 10 CO CT> CO t- T-\ in rH 00 rH CO CD 10 m C^ t~ in t- C33 ■* in CO 03 ^ CO 00 '^l CD t- in CM 00 in cq 00 l:~ cq 00 f^Pk 00 CO (M CM CM CM Ol CM rH 7-i rH rH ^ in CO CM t- a CO eo ■ga •3 00 9 ■§ C ■* CO 00 CO 05 CD rH CD rH rH in rH ■ rH t- 00 CO rH Oi C5 t- C73 rH t- rH n 00 • »n CM 03 ■^ 03 t- r-i rH cq CD h^l rH j-{ CO y-i iH r-i in ^ oTo rH (M CO CO CO CO 00 00 t- CO -H CO CD b- ■* •=? 00 00 CM (M 8 in CM rH CO '^ tH rH "^5 CD 00 03 CO t~ CM -* in in CO CD in CD t- OS CO T-{ rH CM CM cq cq cq CM CM cq »n co in Male opula- tiou, 1881. 00 00 >o 00 CI m in m 00 a a> -* rH in t- rH >o c» CO in CD t~ rH 00' co" 10 co" 00^ cm" >n CO CO CO m CD co" r-< 03" CD co" CO^ in" CD__ co" C^ 00 CO CI sq CM CM CM T-l T-{ i-i r-t CO CO a CQ *"V 3 'Ti'a »T3 3 >o lO in in in in in a 13 T-i iH Ol (M CO CO -# "f in m CD t- i~ CS ^ "a 5 A>A> 1 <\ >o c^ m X in 1 1 in ic!, Q i-{ r^ (M CM CO T*( Ttt in in CD L~ 198 England's Bccent Progress. CD o ^^ • g o lO «l o rH rH a a rH T-( t- CD CM tH Oi in o 00 o O CM J, ^ ^ U3 t- C35 rH rH b- CM CM C35 rj5 05 CO OJ o iO CM Tjt^ °°„ co__ rH 00 CM T-t t- t- CM T-\ rH tH (35 T-t rH 1? t- cq CO -* O 00 t- CO CD in o CI (35 00 ■ CJ5 o rH cn CO CM t- CO 00 in t- CO rH CO o t- CO (35 in cq in t- ^s=- 005 CO -* CO CO CM C^ CO co rH o> to CO 00 (N * o o 00 rH CO in CO t- t- 00 05 CM "* (35 00 §00 cS rH rH T-i rH rH rH 1-t T^ cq CM O C5 male pula- on, 881. O (M o CM OT in CO CM CO CO (M t- 00 in o lO tr- rH 'd* o ■^ t- O t- t- (M -* r-l CM 00 CO io »o in rH '^^ Ol o CM Cj5 o t- CO (35 in rH t- (0 0 t- CO CO * in rH ■* c:5 in rH ■* ■* 00 t- o CO in t~ 05 O iH T-t rH rH t- cq o2 T-\ rH rH rH rH CM CM cq cq CM ■^ (35 »ic- 00 iH -* 00 o O CO in CO CM ^ t- (T5 O o CM (M CO r-t CM o (M CO ■>* CO 00 °^^ 00 o CM ,^i O-JrH CO o •^ rH o o C35 o ■* rH a> t- in -* CO C35 fk 00 CO (M «o 1 o rH CO CO in CO CO ■^ ■* rH co o 00 t- rC Q o -* 00 L- 00 in O rH rH in ■^ 00 00 05_C0_ rH cq CO CO in^ rH 00^ 03^ co" in" CO rH CM ctT »o oq rH rH rH rH rH cq CM a, CO CO CO 3 m o -* ^—^ O t~ Ci rH ■^ 00 as o CO t- or; CO eo 5? o2 r-l r-{ m t- a> oo o in (T) CO o O CD o r-l S P -1^ r-l rH CO rH 01 oq in rH t- c^ rH 00 00 co" CM in" L- co" cm" ^"^ in fM "C (N T-^ rH rH r-{ ■M rH ^ 'rS T3 03 0-- o >n O >o O o O in o in o in o in ^ ^ 1 1 o o 1 1 o CO 1 lO CO 1 o 1 in 1 o in 1 m in 1 o CO 1 m <\ t- 1 in t- cA > in p. Q rH rH t- Oi cq o Ol o in ^ 00 in 00 o o t- CO 00 lO Ol 00 CO rH ^ o in cq 00 C5 o S CO 05 CM rH rH r-l CD r-t o 00 o r^ O o cq ;^.2 o t~ ■* CO lO CO cq rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CO S CS CO » bo «g o oTd 05 ■fi< o >o o -* in cq cq -* CO o o CO in 5? 00 j—i t~ 00 o CO Ol rH lO -* o CO 00 Oi t- iO ■^ lO t- L— t- CO 00 CO o rH cq <73 eo QS o rH rH CO cq * - C -1 P - c SS oq to (M tr- (M co in t- T-i rH CO ■^ CM CO r-{ ■^ 00 t- 00 io (M c CO t- rH rH o 00 t- in o CO t- o 00 -# lO ^ rH o CO CM o c-l r-< 05 rH CO ^S = " -^ lO (M r-t T-t rH O c» t- o in ■^ CO (M in o -* rH rH rH rH r-i rH CO 7-1 i-H o t- CO Oi O <-i t- in cq o m in 00 00 eo o T-* in t- in 00 ■* 05 CO CM ■* CO o g ^^ rH ■* in CM o eo rH t- eo CO in CO CO 05 o o r-\ r-i CO CO cq rH r-l eo gs 1 cq «s 1 .-d I- O CO CT> CO •^ 00 L- CO CO CO •* m 1 CT> i r-t O 00 t~ m in ("I^ in CO in ■-I CO 1-H O '^ ■^ in o t- 00 00 CO CO C7> o CO in goo OS CM 7-{ cq eo cq fale pula- ion, 881. T-l lO 00 rH 00 CD rH t- eq CO T** CJ5 00 cq cq ^ t- lO -<1< t- CO in CD CO CM T-l rH in CT> CD rH 1-H rH rH j-t cq CB CO in in CO in o in o in O m c g rH rH CO CO '^ •* lO in CO CD i- L- rs a 1 1 oo 1 c!> 1 ^ 1 in 1 o 1 in 1 o 1 in 1 o 1 in 1 O {2 §- i 5 1 rH rH (N (N CO CO Tt< ■* m in o CO L- 200 England's Recent Progress. o 53 _! 1-1 to o o tH in Q tH •^ CO -^ OJ CO to t- to o in ^3 >o CO t- r-l o CO (M 00 Oi 00 CO o to CO to lO CO tH t- 3 g o Tjl in CO •S'f o tH >o o T-l CSI to t- tH CO 00 tM in GO O »o to CO o o t~ CO a »o ,_( t- -* tH m t- CO ^ CO CO CO CO (M (M C I-l to b- 05 05 tH iH CM h- CO Ml = 1 00 00 00 cq Oi co tH »o 00 CO a> rH in 00 ■^ o CO o CT> in t- (M tr- iH -* Oi CM 00 o i?. (?^ oq (M CO 0 m C-l CO o t~ a o o ^ o 00 CO ^ in o CO lO CO >-l ^ rH o tH CO a) CO «;:;"<» lO -M T-l lO ^ cq o CO O CC c-l oq C5 CO Td in O CD ■^ o CO tH GO >o o O in o in o in ^ 53 !a;S § 1 1 (M CM CO CO ^ "T lO lO CO CO t~ t- CS ul <; 5§ oo id o lO o lO o lO o in o in C^ ^ 1^ c T-i >-! 01 CO CO ^ -* lO o o o t- (N CO Cs X CO CC •^ en ^_i t- t- cn o CO (•-t ^ L— o •rH t- GO o CM 00 CO v> CO t- 00 CO o ~ ;j « t- CO o 00 Ttl (M CO o o (M ^ in o — *3 T— 1 iH tH tH t- co o ta . tf = CM |>!5 o hi l§ to CO t~ en CO o 00 t- (M tH cq 00 t~ s 5 SS C3 lO o oq (M 00 00 ■* Til CO t- CO iH t- fe(2*^ ■* C5 '^ o o CO lO CM Cj5 CO CO tH 00 h- CO CO O CO CO CO CO CM cq 3 o (M T-t CO r}H CM t- in a rH Ph OCO CO CO CJ (M (M T-l iH tH tH 00 CO s "So ^ tn o >o o lO o »o o lO O in o in o in 5=1 a rH r-l 1 1 o CO 1 in CO 1 in 1 in lO 1 o to in CO o 1 in 1 o p rH T-l oq OJ CO CO ■>*l •^ in m o CO t- Appendix C. 201 00 00 00 o o CO CO lO "M CD CO t- ee -* CD 1*1 OS o (M 00 CM 00 CO cq 1-1 CM CM 1*1 CO 00 O t- 1-1 CO >o ■* 05 ■<*< CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 3 g 1-1 1-1 iH iH CM iH rt§ o h! oTc 5 Ol O CO O 05 -* 00 lO 1-1 O T-l in o 1 tr- oq 5t o 05 CM t- 00 CO 00 lO lH CO CO io rH t- C5 lO t- o o 1-1 iH t- lO iH 00 ■^ 00 Ol o C73 1-t (M CO tM CO y-i t~ CO o O iH 1-1 lO o (3i iH tr- tH T*H t- O CD 1*1 t~ CO lO lO 00 CO 00 CM £S-- CD T-l 00 CM t- CM a CD o in o CD (M o 05 1-1 O K5 tJ( 1*1 CO CO CO CM cq 1-1 iH r-i iH 1*1 i-( CD CO Ol C5 iH CO CO lO CO o t- 05 Oi CO t- ^ ,„ m -* 00 CO CM CO t- 00 00 lO ■* O CM CM CO co_ .in lij O CO •* CO ■* ■* O o CO CM r- 1 iH 1-1 rH 1-1 00 g g 1-1 iH iH o 1-< o >-3 5 1* t- t- 00 CO o lO CO t- »o CO lO CM O t- o 01 CO CD i-( o CO iH tr- t- t- CO 1*1 o "rf Tj •^ 00 >o 00 rH Tt4 00 iH tH io CO 00 a CM Ol qS rH ,_, 1-1 iH o (M (M CD o lO in oo Ttf a> o CO 00 CD iS a-- » (^ O *^ r-l ^ tH 00 CO th o o in O lO O IC =^ ^ i-l rH CM CM CO CO Tt( -* >o in CO CD tr- t- 1 1 o o 1 1 o 1 : o 1 1 o 1 1 o 1 lO 1 o 1 lO A lO Q. « 1-1 1-1 CM CM CO CO Tjf 1* in lO CO CO t- t- a iH t- CM iH CM lO t~ tr- t- o co o cn -* -* lO -H IC 1-1 CO t- CM co CO tr- CD CO = 1 '3 00 o o (M CM Tj< 1* o in CM o (M O o lO o t- CM 1-1 o 1-1 C3 CO CO lO =«s 00 CO CO Tt< t~ CO Oi o o 1-1 CO CO 1-1 CO tr- Ss 00 05 tH 1-1 iH 1-1 iH iH CM CM CM CM CO male pula- iou, 881. t~o ^ o CO »o t- (M CM lO lO CO CO en CO Oi o o CD CO CO o T+( CO CO 1* o iH o CO a CO Ol >c CO CM 00 00 1-1 00 Tt* o CD CD T*l ■* o m tU O -*.< rl >0 o t- lO CO CM 1-1 iH iH iH r-t CO CO I-( iH 05 a> to «§ ^ 3 no"^ CO CO iH t- t- CO CD iC CM >o 00 tr- T-l iH c O CO Ci m m t~ n in -* o t- CM lO Is O »o (M TH CD 00 o CM CO -* ■<*< CD tr- CM rH CO CO 1-1 '-' iH iH l-l CM IM CM CM o "\ ^„ 00^ in^ ^r. •* "*.. tr- ^ O -i^rH O Ol CO iH >n CO CM o t- "H 1-t Ol t- io 00* Ol Ph CO ■<*( CO CO o o in o 1C5 O in O in o in o lO .-1 tH CI CM CO CO T« "^ in in 7 lO t~ AA 1 (^ 1 A \n A .A c\ A lO A 1) rH T-t CM Ol CO CO ■.« ■* in >o cu t- 202 England's Becent Progress. O p; w H P5 O Q ■o t- o CO t- •* «l ■^ r-i 1-1 iH iH rH rH (M CM I— 00 CO ^ 0 00 o r-t ■* CD t- o Of) rH in CO t- o 00 00 Oi Tjl o> t- o rH ES. = S l^ •■*( o •<* tH Oi kO 00 T*l t- iH (M CO l~ a> rH a: t~ o ■* uo ■^ cq en" o" CO o tr- o" >o fcfi O tM o CO tN tH 00 Is «g S a 00- = o CM lO ^ Ol CO o in (M CO t- m '': 00 .C = o t^ (M ■* o o o C3 00 o tr- Oi I— 1 «s S I-l t- o 00 o o (M ■* CO o t- a O Oi fiS t~ 1-1 iH I-l I-l rH 1-1 ^ I-l in CO CO o o tH o iO c^ t- ^ CO -* CO ^ ^ (M -* t- "•2 _-^ t-CS ■* CO t~ CO CO rH o o C: o> CO Ci o o Oi i^ ■* S :S2 tM t~ m (M CJJ l~ t- >o CO 1-1 a tr- in 1* tr- 03 Ph t~ c^ oi (M tH 1-1 1-1 1-1 I-l iH (M c . , to ■S'o-S O lO o »o o >o o lO o in o ie o in rH rH Cc o »o o lO o in o IC o lO o e r-l I-l C5 CM CO CO ^ -* in in CO o t- '-S . 1 . s CO lO o »c -11 t- ^ ^ 1-1 GO a> CM o CO s C2 CM o CO CO co C5 i-H CO in rH O (M CO 11 o o T-I CO M" t- CO -* C5 t- Oj o o 1— 1 CM O 00 o CO o CO 1-1 ^ -^ tH tH rH rtg J ■"2 Ui o 05 t- CO t- Tfl 1* CO co o ^ O tr- O •^T o o 00 00 (M t- ^30 00 >o lO CO 00 o o r-l CM CM ■^ t- ee. t- OS T-i I-l 1-1 I-l iH ^ rH rH in 8 t~ D~ CO 00 t- 00 CO >o tH t- O CO rH 00 I-l 1^1 o ^ CO iH t- Oi rH o l* ■«H r)( Gi 1-1 t- og o tr- lO -* t- t- t- CO O 04 00 CD o ie CO t- t- Cl o o? o (M ■ntl »o t- O 1-1 l2 c o ^ (M co co Ol (M ^ * (D 00 o M oc o lO CO t- oo o 1-1 o o l^ o in -* o in CO 00 CO Mai tioi 1S81 I-l t- o t- CJ a 00 CO t- 1-1 CO 1-1 00 o> -* o CO -H CO lO CO (M J—i o a oc o in CO -H o CM o O 00 te 1 cq li c o o CO 00 cm" •>* rH rA o oo" P '^S ■* CO rH iH 00 CD 00 o CO o CO 00 iH rH CD 00 ^ tH 1? o CO CO O in t- r-< CO CO t- 02 T— 1 T-l o o 05 CO ■* CD CO CO 00 CO (M i-l iH cq Ol cq cq (M cq cq cq CO r-\ >n S'3; o5 cq rH CO ^■s . . CD Oi 05 -* O CO CO \n t~ Ol I-l cq cq t~ rr, 1 in 53 =s: 00 ■* t~ CO "* cq rH oq 05 00 cq CO rH rH L~ cq e P..2S -* rH o CO o iH r-i CO t- iH 00 lO T-l 05 C- 7-{ fNPM CO CO w CO lO CO oq « rH rH rH rH 05 CO CO o cq cq 00 Oi o O "O o >n O lO O m r-l r-( cq o lO o o t- c CO t~ iH (M t~ -* >o ■*! rH in in CO 00 Ol CO O 00 t- CD t- lO O in t~ rH CO o 5 i-H Oi t~ in iH 1-1 rH rH rH rH cq "3 =3 S to (M cq CO rH rH «a 10 OJ CO CO L~ t-J tH tn o 00 CO o CO CO I-l -* CO 00 t~ 03 rjl CO cq t- 5? «D CM CO -* lO CO t~ t- »o >C CO o cq -* t- CO 1-t iH tH 1-1 t-l iH 1-1 I-l rH rH rH cq t~ o OS H iH "* ia« CO rH CT> OJ t~ o r-l CO o lO O >o cq rH Ol 03 ■* CO t- '^H CO 00 CO -* tH 00 •* Cf^ rH cq S £..2 88 ■* CO CM ■^ co o o cq CO lO rH cn t- CD o CO « SrH CO CM (M r^ cq O g og O CM lO t- 00 CO lO CO CO (M rH tH rH is rH CO (U bO 03 «s 3 2"S <-, lO IC t- (M cq CO •* CO cq y-{ t- Ol W rH 5? 00 t~ Oi cq CO CO ■o CD CD r~ Oi o CO »o r-l iH iH 1-1 iH rH rH rH rH in t- «S T-< co CJ3 a, <« - ■ OtH t- CO CO CO 8 >o CO CO CI c^q l^ O CD •^s a-s -r)4 O CO ■^ T-l .-1 CO o 00 r^ CO CD o> in o Pi CO CO rH 05 t- CO ■* 01 rH C5 CO o in CO CD ■* to 0-1 (M tH I-l iH r1 iH iH ^ a . to ■t5"« S TJ TJ Si."® S o o o o o »o o « o >o o »c o in T-l ^^ 1* TJI "? «o CO o l~ i~ 6^ »o ci f^ <^ 1 A 1 A 1 in 1 o p 1-1 rH o CD CD L~ •204 England's Recent Progress. o •* 00 o 00 00 »o C75 ^ 00 CO o ^ rH o ^4 09 t~ lO o o o -^ crs o O) O o '3 ■<*' o ->*< oq C5 CM t- lO in -* ■«*< CO in o CO (N CO CO CO >H T-i CO 'il oq . i o 1-3 5? o O CO CO t~ CO CM 00 cq t~ »o oq a o 1* o -<*( t- o CO CD 00 rH CO CD rH m o t- rH 1-1 1-1 CO tH Ci CO 00 CO t- CO tr- a o rH t- CM •tH t- rH 00 CO y-\ 05 tr- ^&- 00 CO CO « »o « Tj< -* CO (N cq rH rH rH rH d" . o CO »o tr- t- ■^ CO rH O tr- -* oq ^ 00 •^ «M * — ■^ CO t~ io CO 00 CO 00 CO ie oq 00 o o rj< II d t- >o 1-1 CO T*H t- lO CO Ol rH CS CM Tjl O CO iH (N CO CO CM rH CO 11 cq «s 1 . a; o 1 o O in oq in "3 — ~ /— • "O CO o o o CD t- »n o CO o "* T-l tr- CO o sg-=S C3 O o ■* CO CO co CO CO cq CM 1— t rH rH ■* 1-1 o E nSr^S rt c 'S o >o o iO o kO o lO c-> lO O in o in ° H 1-1 1-1 (N o o >o o lO o lO o >o o io o in Qj o 1-1 1-1 IM (M CO CO ■* ■^ lO in CD CD tr- i CO ^ CO -n CM 'tH iCt o o rH 00 TtH tr- tr- oq .« ••" 1 = CD 8 -# CO in l-O CO UO CO T-l t:- O in Ci t- <^ 1—1 O lO 3>1 t- >o CO CO oq CO Ol 05 C^ -^~ 1 6 ■* n o iH t~ 1-1 O rH CD ■* t- o t^ O CO o t- CO CD cq O O (-5 iH cq lO CD o CO in oq S5.li o t- CO T-i o 00 -* 1-1 CB CD CM O t- CD o^ t- ^^'^^ 1-1 CO CO 00 oq CM (M cq rH iH rH rH 1-H o f^ft4 iH tJ< 00 t- 00 b- CO O 00 t- T-{ tr- rH CO o t- o ^ CO C5 CD O nn C5 00 CD cq CO rH °l '3 »o t- »o o •^ CM t- CD 00 cq rH T-t T-^ rH oq o -* iH TH TH cq gg rH o it) « ^s * 2 00 tH >o o Cl CD o ^ iH ■>*< oq ^ y-\ CO C3 (M t- o C>1 lO t- O O CO in CD in tr- T-l i-l 1-1 1-1 1-1 rH CI CM cq cq oq CD 00 o2 CO oi -^ CO t- O CO ■* o o cq t- 00 ^ >o in o >*( CO co >o 00 C5 iH -* CD '^ t- >o in CO a in coco 205 Ph !^ o '^ O ft o t- cq iC CO Ol o 05 CO ■* 00 CD r« irj t- t- "S c s 1-H CO t~ t- o CO CO ■^ t- 00 00 o CO m rH Ttl c- CO OS lO rH T-{ ^ r-i male pula- lon, S91. CO CO CO CO cq Ci ^ CO co m oq o in 7-^ t- Oi CO o rH rH CO CO^ CO (M Ol rH OJ 00 t~ CO in ■^ eo" CD 00 P^Ah CO iH r-l r-l 1-1 r-l rH m rH t- CM Oi t- CO oq OJ -* oq CO oq rH .^ CO t- O t- Tj< ■^ t- o oq 00 t- O o !.§ t- OJ Ti< CT> CO * tr- 00 io >o ^ 1-1 m"; D t~ rH CO 00 o i-H CO r-\ o t- o in 00 oq 05 '^ O »o ■* UO CO OS o 00 oq in -* in CO o H <£) CO CO -* iO CO t- 05 03 o o tH O) CD 00 OS CO rH iH T-\ rH CO 05 rH Male opula- tion, 1891. CO t- »o '^ iH C3 CO CO 03 -* tH CO O r-{ OJ CO t~ CO t- >o CO 00 CM CO CO t- 00 CO rH o o lO o lO o in o o o in o in ^ ^ cq oq CO CO ^ TtH lO lO CO c~ t- cS cS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 «^ o o lO o in o in o in o Q tH r-i CN C<) CO CO Ttl ^ in in cu CD t- 00 CO c- -* rH t- oq oq t~ oq t- m ^ rH 05 °g d iH Tjf CJi CO ■* -*< t- C-l ^ o in CD CO r-i •^ t~ L- iH CO oq CO oq oq CO CO lO lO ■^ CO O §2 1) to 'rH 1-1 05 iH eo rH «s 1 ..-o i-l t- O lO t- lO CO in rH rH rH -* CO Ol in 57 7-\ IC 'Jtf o CO oq Oi th 00 0^1 t- 00 (M in t- CO CO CO Tj( •o -* 1* in in 7-i CO c:5 »0 "H 03 -* CO -^ i-H 00 CD in rH 03 oq O 00 m o o ■<*< t- t-( o >o CO tK -* CO t- O CD t- 7-{ ) iH o o o" 00 t^ CO »o -* co eo of '^ feia^ (M rH iH tH iH rH CO rH a Oi t- lO CO ^ t- CO Tjl t- 05 Tjl 00 y-< W I-t t- ■^ t- o CO ^ ■* CD CO t- 05 rH o 9 o r-l 00 00 CO CO cq oq CO ■* 00 oq ^'■3 M< t- g s a> Ml • «s 05 t- i-l 00 CO of s's cq •rif o o o OD CO o C5 c^ oq CO OJ in 00 5? c:5 O-l T-( 00 00 CD rH 00 CO oq c^ t~ 05 r»( Ol CO CO CO "*( >o t- t- L- 00 00 00 05 CD 53 X) ftS >o oq CD rH »i_-_. 05 O 00 -* rH (D r^ t- t- (D CD CD 03 i-H rH t- tH OI ■* t- CO CO 00 00 o CO CO t- ■* CO 00 Mai opu tioi ISS O Ol lO C5 O °^ cq CO oi ^ CO rH in rH in •* O rH 1-1 o 00 CD o' o in -* CO CO oq Ol CO CD PM CO tH iH 1-1 rH T-l s o >o o UO O lO o »o s in o in o in ■<'5S iH r-( o A lO (i, A m ^ in 7> in c^ (M CO •» lO CO CO i- W p '206 Eyigland's Becent Progress. 95 tr- O .-1 O »o t- 00 CO •»o lO n O cO n !S O .H H Jt i — '^— ^ O t- t- io 00 00 CO 00 CO o CM ^H •-0 CO CM Oi Ci -. — ^H Ca r-J O m '^ CO C5 (M o o CO CO -* o = &^» CO to CO ■* lO lO I-l O t- ■* CM o I- CO CO lO h(2*"^ «D(M CO 00 -* t- CD I-l lO a tr- lO CO t- 00 o to CI CO t- o (M CO CO CO io t- 00 t- rH i-l CM CM (M CM CM CM CM CO o Q2 iH ^ ©^ - • .-1 iC -* t- CO iH ^ CO t- lO tr- O ■* 00 CD o o ■* a CO "O lO io o; tr- o 00 CM si^i »o t- ■* '^ o "'- CO o ■* CM o_ 00 io lO 00 lO h tO (M CM CM i-H T-l '"' iH '^ rH r-{ ^ Pj £3 c3 B O LO o lO o O c-> lO O lO o lO O lO tH 1-1 1 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 lO 1 CO 1 CO ^ ^ ^« o o o o lO o lO o lO o lO ^ lO o lO i-H tH !:o «s J • Jo t- o o o o CO ^ ■^ CI o GO -* Ir- -* ^ "S-H Ci CM -^ t- t- >o lO tr- o CM O -* 00 I-l T— 1 rH I-l T-i iH Ol in t- CO as CO Si , . •* t- c:5 00 tr- »o ■^ CO ^ -* tr- liji t- o o o c3 "S c '"' 03 ICl o CM CO ro o CO m rr, CO O) a 00 CM 2 5,o» O I-H CO l:- t- tr- lO lO (M o 00 tr- lO •^ Ci o ii.(S iH iH i-l r-i I-l iH iH rH CM OS tH o C5 I-l t:- ■* O-l tr- O O o t~ C5 •* o lO 00 o O C3 CI io tr- tr- 00 rH CO CM o T-H i-H •^ •^ CO CO iH Y— f T-{ gg CO CM : ofo o o Ci 8 m Tl I-l ■* t- 00 t- CO CM rH 00 s "O o lO o lO o m CM O o rH CM lO g3 I-l I-l d CM CM CM (M O CM lO ^ n t- CO o c- o ^ lO !M I-l a I-l CO ■^ CO CO 00 in 00 CO 03 ■H a °.2 CO 00 -* ■* CI CO in rH ■^ (N ^'^ 00 >n rH t- 00 Mi t- in m t- '^ 1^ 02 iH l-i rH CO OD rH 00 t- CI CO ^ '^ CO r^ 10 rH in t- -* 00 00 t~ t- m CM CI CI CO CO ■* •^ ■* in in in in d t- "* rH rH male pula- iou, 891. lO CM 00 en i-{ CJ 00 ^ t- CT> CO in t- -* rH CM CO tr- CO ■^ CO 03 ^ -* Cl CI CO O) 00 c» ^ io CI rH o> 00 00 CI CO C33 t~ in tH 00 b- 00 'it CO CM a> CO CO CO 00 CO cn ■^ rH t- t- 10 lO >o lO ■^ ^ CO CO CM CM rH rH rH j-t in CO • lO t- iO rH CO 00 rH 05 d rH , »1 c (M 05 CO CI cq 00 00 00 '^ t- °| s 03 rH >o CO 00 in d cq rH CM CO CI ■^ g2 rH . «§ t~ 00 00 tH Kl rH in is >o Oi CO CO 10 d CO CO rH ^ 05 en in rH t- >o CI CI •^ rH CO CO t- t- CI d '^ CO t3 1 CM d 00 CI 00 CO CO t- 00 t~ CO i-{ in =3?^ (^) CM d CI CO CO ^ in in in m in in 03 ^ QS 10 rH 7-1 "3 3 «55 >c 10 ^ CO 10 CI CO r) CO in CI 00 in CI in 00 t- 05 -* rH ^ CO CO 00 CO t- d ■<*< CO t- CO rH t- '^ in rH i-t T-i rH CO r-i CO ^ O-k^-H CT C- co oq 00 CI ^ rH CO rH t- d Oi d tH Ph lO lO -* ^ CO CO CO CM CI rH 7-i ^ CI CO ■ — " — . »o ^ >o m in in in in c3 c3 tH rH CM CI CO CO ^ ■tti in m CO CO L~ t- o >o CO GO CO CO rH CO 00 ■r-i CO t-( GT) d 00 S 1 fi2 t- CO CT t- CI 10 rH CO CO Oi d rH CO co CM CI CO CO CO rH Ttf tH -* in in rH rH Tji rH rH Sea . . SE.2? 03 lO CO CO rH CO -^ 05 rH CO CO CO CT3 in t- CO ^ >o 10 t- CO ^ CO t~ CI CO CI CI CI in to CM CO co ^ 10 rH 00 tH in t- (J) rH -:H t- -* rH in 10 10 -* •^ -* CO CO CI CM CI rH r-i rH r-l 03 in 10 00 00 00 m a> CO in rH -P.2 iH 00 1-t CO 00 CO Cf) CO CO o CO Oi a CM CO "* rH CD Tt< in rH CO t- oi 00 CI in CO Oi 1-i CO t~ d hJ Ttl in CO .-d Q rH CO CI en g -* -* CO m t- ^ CO 00 .a =» 00 >o ^ CO (M 00 CI -* C5 d 11 iH CO CM 00 CO CO CO t- 00 Oi CO ■* -* d CM CI CI CO CO ■* tH ■o rH 00 rH C73 CO b- 00 ■* ^ CO CO CO CO CI ■* ■* rH CO 10 ^, in ^_ ■* CO t- CO in Oi 00 10 <=l 05 rH o> 00 cc co_^ L- d C35_ ^O^r. >o t~ C^ CO a^ CO in 0" in rH t- •^ r-t t~ 0" CD >0 "O -* -* CO CO CO CO Cl CI rH r-< r-< y-{ m •H in ^ — * — 10 10 10 in in m in 2 tH tH 1 1 00 CI CI I CO 1 m CO in T in in in CO 1 in S c iH rH CI CJ CO CO Tti -* m in CO CD t- s 210 E>i(jla)i(rs Recent Progress, LIVERPOOL Tho following registration districts havo boon troatod as comprehending Liverpool : — r»pul;ition (Males). ropiilation (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. | Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Liverpool Toxteth Park West Derby Birkenhead . Wirral . . 104,290 55,341 174,164 50,490 13,853 76,510 76,510 ' 73,226 59,381 59,381 ' 63,3-36 214,796 214,796 256,477 62,240 63,705 78,659 20,130 18,665 21,072 105,874 61,687 185 , 109 52,936 14,075 80,471 69,006 229,607 68,351 19,493 80,471 69,006 229,607 69,837 18,007 74,179 72,894 273,207 86,512 23,244 398,138 433,057 433,057 492,770 419,681 466,928 466,928 530,036 The same population may be classed under municipal titles as under : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 19(11. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Liverpool (commercial) 330,665 354,293 629,548 684,958 Bootle (commercial) . 29,518 29,038 49,217 58,556 Waterloo (commercial) 10,287 12,815 17,225 23,102 Litherland (commercial) . 5,124 5,468 4,441 10,592 Great Crosby .... 3,174 4,381 6,503 7,555 Garston (commercial) 8,756 8,533 13,444 17,289 Birkenhead (commercial, ship- 'I building) . . . . 1 54,077 56,838 99,857 110,915 Wallasey (commercial) 24,303 29,276 33,229 53,579 Lower Bebington (soap) 4,317 4,081 5,216 8,398 Liverpool and dependencies 470,221 504,723 858,680 974,944 Hoj'lake ..... 4,541 6,370 6,545 10,911 Bural areas .... 18,008 18,943 34,760 36,951 492,770 530,036 899,985 1,022,806 The external areas included about jfive per cent, of the population ; in this case as in that of Manchester remoter areas are doubtless influenced. Practically no lunatics are found in Liverpool ; had a due proportion been treated, as in Manchester, the rate of mortality would have been somewhat higher. Persons on board vessels (including a few women) were enumerated as follows : — In 1881 ... 6,978 persons. | In 1891 ... 5,094 persons. In 1901 ... 5,056 persons. The special inmates of barracks and vessels of war have increased, thus In 1881 569 men. In 1901 In 1891 1,361 men, 418 men. Appendix C. 211 00 b~ C5 CO C-l ■* t- CD ._* t~ 05 CO (M CO a> -*i (M o§ 'S t~ r-l 00 10 -* -* ^ tH CD y-< in 00 rH CO CO CO OS tn T-M i-{ (M CO CO -* ^ ■* in in in (M CO Tj( T-f male pula- ion, 891. ■* (M t- in '^ tH l:~ (M CO rH CO -* CD in o^ fM i-H OT 00 Oi CO i-H oi in i-i in CM CO in_^ (M C73 t- ■* rH 00 ^S-- CN in 01 0" t- ■rt( CD 7-{ CO 7-{ 00 CO r^ t- 05 lO 10 in in -*< ^ '^ CO CO oq (M rH rH rH rH rH .-H CO t~ t- CD f_ CO Tld -* 00 t- in in CO 00 01 ■* 00 (M tH ■* CO CI r. .^ 3 ^ 0) To tH CO CO CO rH '>^ CO in «M tr in CO 00 CO 00 rH 3 ^ * t- oq 00 00 (M •* t- CO rH t- 00 10 CM cs ■* t- in (M 00 -* rH t- rH no (M rH PM in ■ -< S S 00 in in in in in in in ^ . Q i-H '"' *l ■<*< Td Q ■* T-{ rH ■3- --^ CO CO t- t~ ■^ t~ in t- *l rtl ■<*l •* t- -♦< -* CO «i -^ -H in CO ^ CD CO CO 00 'ti CO (M in Oi tM t~ ^ •rH CO O-J t- rH CO -* m r-{ l:~ ■^ a £..2 5? ■^ CO o_ 0^ in 0^ t-^ CO rH CO CD t- 05 00 CD CO CD 00 rH t- t- in" t~ CO CO •"* o~ t- Oi >n in 1-1 ■* ■* CO CO CO CO 828,690 65,175 25,191 26,554 31,109 470,939 505,780 815,235 976,719 ^Yest Bromwich, Oldbury and Wednesbury, although within easy reach of Brrmingham, have distinct characters, and I should have preferred to treat them separately, but had to include them, or should have been obliged to exclude Handsworth and Smethwick. I have separately shown the district of Walsall, which is also very near Birmingham. The rural element in the group scarcely exceeds three per cent. The commercial part of the population of King's Norton and Handsworth is probably residential only, in like manner with what is observed in the outer parts of London. The parish of Yardley is to a great extent a dependency of Birmingham. Appendix C. 213 CM t- •* CO 00 in m CM CO 'i* CT> CO in c '5 CO o OS 05 o o o CD CO ^ o a GO lO 00 o m T-i rH CO rH 7-i in rH r-i O >o ^ t- ■* •* 1"^ CM ^■^ ^ in : >-l CM ^^ 2$ 3 CO rH rH 00 CM "* CD cn in Ol o CO oq o T-i ^ •^ O (M CO 00 CO CO C3 CM CO ■^ in o 00 c~ Sl -1 o ■><< ■* t~ o CO CD 00 rH CO CO o CO in CD «S lO r-i y-< rH ^ oq 05 in CO ^.2 "O lO o CM 00 (M co r-t 00 rH CO CO o o t- ^ t- ^ cn r-i CTi in CM Ol CO CO '^ o >o rH oq CM rH rH 00 3 c4 rH S si pci'-=; ^ CO o CO oT-; L~ t~ r-i CT) rH CM O Tjl o O 00 CO ^ CD Q CO C3 CO CO O L— o in 00 CO ^ 05 in o d '-> o CO O O CO o o '^ o CO rH CO Ol CD CO QS o iH rH -> tM CM CO CO CO CO ^ ^ '^ C5 00 rt 1,3=5 CO 00 CO CO o CO O 00 C3> -* in CO oq T-i CM t- 00 o eq ^ rH in CD CO t- r-\ oq in CO 05 00 C-l r^ CO CO 02 t- CO t~ 00 o CO '^i 7-i CD t- m o CO t~ rH in CM t~ ■* rH t- ^ rH cn O) 05 f^ -* ^ Tj< CO CO CM CM (M T-{ rH r-\ rH CO in - -'— ^— ^ B CO 1X3 '^ o »o o »o O in o in O in o in o in a a ^cii 7-1 rH 1 1 1 CM i CO i CO 1 1 1 in 1 m 1 ^ y 1 1 ^'^ <; » ;j o o »c o lO o in o in o in o in i> in a. a T-l rH CD rH CO CO rH rH CO -* a 'th t- CO 03 c- CO oq ■^ CO t- as 00 CM rH CO oq CD -* O] c3 CO CO T-i r-< CT> G5 L— o a CO CM r-l rH TJH 9, c~ ;S^"'^ t- fM lO CO co" •* Ol" ^ 1-i OT co" CO o a> CO oq CM lO tH CO CO CO CM CM CM rH rH 7-H rH rH 05 tH ^ a 00 iH m t- ■Sg 3 ce CM in a) in rH i-i CM ^ Ssi • ^ o rH CO ■* GO CM OT r*( rH ■>:*< CO (M >o r-i cn GO CM 00 CM O o 00 o lO (M O C3 in CD t~ oq 00 ^ rH rH rH r~^ l:~ 2*5 lO t- CO CO in o 00 Gi in oq rH CO CO in in CO CO t~ CO t- ■* CO I- CD •^ in CO J—^ t^ o CO Tj< CO CD Oi CM in t~ Oi rH CO in CO o ^ * -* r'. : - M 1-1 tH •^ co" lO o co" co" o" 00 in oq crT 1^ o t~ CO lO r-t ■* CO CO CO CM (M cq rH T-^ r-{ J-i ^* '— '^— ^ "S 0'2 O "O o »o o in o in o in o in o in a)73 a iH i-l (M Ol CO CO ■r»f •rH in in o CO t~ 1 1 oo 1 <^ in 1 o in O 1 in o 1 >n 1 o in 1 o ^^t ■J I-f rH C>J (M CO CO Tfl Tj( in in CO CD L- L~ & 3 3 214 England's Recent Progress. LEEDS. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1 1891. j 1901. Leeds Hunslet . Holbeck . . Bramley . 91,469 28,893 11,642 26,961 106,265 106,265 34,999 1 34,267 12,462 , 13,194 32,852 32,852 120,668 40,908 16,412 38,772 99.394 116,889 116,889 i 133,868 29,322 i 35,921 35,235 ! 42,094 12,409 13,110 1 13,796 17,173 27,439 34,546 34,546 40,928 158,965 186,578 ^186, 578 !216,760 ! ' i 168,564 200,466 200,466 234,063 The borough of Leeds comprehends great part of the area ; the remainder included rural districts -with a trifle less than three per cent, of the total population : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, (fee. Males. Females. Population. 1891. 1901. 206,065 Leeds (engineering, commerce, "i woollen) . . . . . / Rothwell* (part of) , (colliery town) 3 , 444 Morley* (part of) . . . 991 Rural ! 6,260 222,903 3,385 1,022 6,753 367,505 6,205 1,980 11,. 354 428,968 6,829 2,013 13,013 216,760 234,063 387,044 450,823 * The rest of Rothwell is in Wakefield district, and the rest of Morley is in Dewslmry. There is no lunatic asylum within this district. Appejidix C. 211 00 O r> CO o c- rH CO o . a Ci r-H 00 "O to >o CO C5 in o O iH t~ a °s tS O CM CO rH t- "il 1 «s t- CO CO 00 o o 3 o rH CD 7-{ CD CO CO in 1! CO O 00 CO CD o >o CO CO >o tH CO m 1 t- t- t- (M 00 lO t~ 03 CM 00 05 05 m 03 00 o 00 00 O o rH CI CO lO CO 00 o rH r-i CO P2 CO tH iH rH r-{ rH rH rH rH cq o in o , — ^— ^ lale ula- 91. tH CO to 00 tH CO CD CD t~ lO lO C33 CO cri in o CO t- (M CO CD lO CO O CO CO CO CO in a CO O CO >o lO 'i* iH CM t- CO CO c::^ t- o to o in « p -wf-i CO -^ (M »-H f— 1 O t~ ^ CI o 00 t~ to ^ t- CO to oq (M (M oq CI 7-\ rH ^^ rH CD cq C5 "* t- c:^ rH CO cn o CO 00 o o CD «4-( 2 CO CO co ^ CO t- t~ CO t- o r-\ CO ^ CM rH rH cq rH (M 00 II tH 1-1 iH in M t- cq h^ tH rH .-d CO t- O t~ m 00 lO CI CD -* t~ CD CT> 00 l:~ 00 ^ CO rH ^ d t- lO iC CO o O CI t~ CO 00 00 00 O rH CM CO o t- m rH cq rH rH ,-( Sci OS y tH rH 7-\ rH rH i-< T-^ cq cq O ^ CO Male opula- tion, 1891. CO tH CO CO rH »o t- O tH lO rH 05 05 CD rH rH CO O CO t~ t- CO t- rH CI CO 'if CT> ■<* rH in rH "O o t~ o "* 00 O^ CD__ lO ■r-i t- o_ CO O 1-^ rH t- CO tH o cT t~ CO Co" CI o" oo" t- in CO in -* ^ to CM cq CM rH rH r-^ r-{ rH rH in Cl S . . "OrS ■§•3.2 O lO o in O lO O lO o lO Q m o in 1 CM 1 o CO 1 CO 7 1 O 1 lO lO 1 o 1 7 o 1 in ! O c3 c3 tH rH CM oq CO CO -* ■<*< lO lO CO to t- t~ s< p ^- c t- -rJH T-I XC t~ in in 00 cq o S o o r-t rH CO itD oq cq CO rH 03 «a JE tH o rH »o CO o o • ■^ rH CD cq o in iJ rH CI cq rH rH ind »o iH o o t- CO ■^ OT oq CJ> CO r-\ 00 in cq cq t- O o CO o rH j-^ oq cq CO »o CD Ol ■^ in Q» t- 7-\ rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH Tj( t- rH CO male 011, S81. CM CO CO CM CO CI o O t- CI 00 00 •>*l cq in to -* t~ O) t- CO »o O CI co CD CD CO cq rH o o ,H to i-H co to O? d 7-i "O CI CD CO CM O t- L- p^fS*"'^ O CO o t- to lO -* CM o CO CO Oi a> 00 PS rH rH rH rH rH 7-{ rH rH rH rH CO 2^ CO <»i_-^- Ol Ol' o tH >o CO -* CI CO lO >o O O rH -* t~ CI v\ CO c» O lO C» CO CO -*< CO 00 CO T^ o in Sp..2% CO rH CO o CO c:3_ t- CI CO L- CI C35_ t- CI -* CO ^, p - '-' rH CO C^ t- >o CO co r~\ o" co" 1-^ in •rH CO -* o" Ph to -M 7-\ iH rH rH rH 7-i rH cq cq "S"*! =3 r^ra =8 0- O lO o lO O lO O lO O >o o lO o in =^ ^ 1 CO 1 CO 1 lO 3 1 1 o to 1 in 7 o 1 in 1 o in p^ P T-i 1-1 CI CI CO CO -H -tl lO •n ■■' 216 England's Recent Progress. SHEFFIELD. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Sheffield . Ecclesall "» Bierlow . j 92,945 !l03,856 55,123 66,035 103,856 66,035 118,044 86,222 90,190 59,295 100,821 71,870 100,821 71,870 111,410 93,454 148,068 169,891 169,891 204,266 149,485 172,691 172,691 204,864 In this case the borough is extensive and the rural districts outside it are of small account : — 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. Sheffield (tools, steel, metal"! working) . . . ./ Handsworth (colliery town) Norton (rural) .... 189,805 7,527 5,870 190,988 6,634 6,005 324,243 10,295 5,477 380,793 14,161 11,875 Sheffield and dependencies Rural parts . . . • 203,202 1,064 203,627 1,237 340,015 2,567 406,829 2,301 204,266 204,864 342,582 409,130 It is probable that some citizens of Sheffield reside in districts more remote. The greater part of the population of Norton and a large portion of that of Ecclesfield (Wortley) were on 31 October, 1901, added to the County Borough. There is no lunatic asylum within this district. The numbers of military in barracks were : — Ln 1881 . . 722 men „ 1891 . . 673 „ „ 1901 . . 884 „ Appendix C. 217 P I— ( w w CQ CM O rH 00 Oi CO o CO c o CO lO CM CM t- CJi ■* tfc- 52 «o Gi lO iH t- rH • • • • rH • °3 O i-H rH rH »o sta f^l . o o lO a> on Tj( CO o • h- CO CO (M t- • 1^ CM CM rH -^ t- o (M b- co CO 'it '^ CO t- CM o CM t- t- o tH 00 CM lO t~ CO 00 03 C3 rH oq CM CO >o CD t- Ss «s t- rH rH rH rH rH rH rH ■* CO •Si - ■ C- CO o CD CO CO •^ lO CO 00 O C5 CM CO O 00 lO o t- 01 CO o CO CO t- t- CD CM ■* Oi CO -* s i 3 ^ c~ t- t- 00 CO o cq ■* o CO ■^ rH 3111 t- lO CO CM »o^ t- lO CO CO t~ o CO 00 tH o CD ,^ p+^rt ■^ rH o OS t- lO ■^ CM r-\ C3 00 o •<* m ■* ■* O o o >o O IC o lO O lO c3 T-l l-( 05 oq CO CO ^ ■* lO lO CD CO t- t- CS ^ «i; n o o o lO o lO O >o o lO o »o o lO o »o ^ Q tH T-H (M CM CO CO -* '^ lO »o CO CD t- t- 3 "S| a o •^ 00 CO h^ lO Ol ■^ CO rH 5? cq rH t- on CM co lO CO CM o 7-i O CO ■* tH o UO ■* lO CO CO lO o CO CM lO rH o ^ 00 00 t- 00 Gi C3 o rH rH OQ CO ^ lO »o lO Ig rH T-t i-i rH rH rH rH rH CO CO male pula- SSI. OJ o t- 05 ■* ■* CM CM >o O CM CO rH rH CM ^ Ol Cl -* CM t- t- CO CM CO 00 03 t- 7-1 y—\ CO 03 o T^ CT> CM o t- CM O lO CM CO (M CO 00 f^m lO .-( C3 CO ■* CO CM O Ol 00 CO O ■o 'H (M 00 C3 T-l 03 00 CD Hi oq Tjf rH rH 00 ^"! CO lO 0 CM rH iH rH rH 04 rto| O "O o >n 1 lO lO o o o lO o "O O >o Ol 1-H iH 1 1 o o 1 "O 1 o 1 o t lO 3 1 lO 1 o CO 1 lO CO 1 t- 1 o O rH rH CO •* •<* lO lO CD o t- '218 EnglaiuVs licceiif Profi/refi.'i. BRISTOL. Population (Males). Population (Females). ''I^^dct^" census. 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1S81. .1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1 1901. Bristol . . 26,661 i 25,962 Barton Regis 75,185 i 88,064 Bedminster. 31,998 36,910 Keynsham . 12,570 14,632 Long Ashton 133,876 6,171 14,531 10,990 151,754 7,599 17,666 10,845 30,818 90,944 35,423 13,211 29,587 105,030 40,664 15,253 155,404 6,928 15,024 13,178 177,191 8,903 18 ,'509 13,293 146,414 165,568 165,568 187,864 170,396 190,534 190,534 217,896 Notwithstanding very great internal changes of boundaries the group of districts as a whole remains unaltered. It was thus constituted in 1901 : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Bristol (commerce, boots, en-'l gineering) . . . . 1 Kingswood (boots) 151,754 5,993 177,191 5,968 289,280 9,114 328,945 11,961 Bristol and dependency Clevedon (residential) Rural ..... 157,747 2,264 27,853 183,159 3,636 31,101 298,394 ! 340,906 5,412 ! 5,900 52,296 1 58,954 187,864 217,896 356,102 405,760 The inhabitants of the "rural" parts amounted to about fifteen per cent, of the whole population, but included a good number of persons connected with Bristol. The effect of the inclusion of these districts must, however, be to lower the average death rate, and in some measure neutralise immigi-ation or aggravate such emigration as might be shown if the boundary were narrower. The numbers of military and of persons on board merchant vessels (a few of them females) were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 582 military — 577 on board vessels. 287 „ 684 393 „ 411 Appendix C. 219 . CO I-t (T) CO rH ■* 03 c r-l m Cf) 00 t^ t- ■* 00 tH CO CO '5 rt »H (M r-l -* m 00 t- »o en «:> ■* rH eo . , «s S Hi 05 co t- Tji Oi CO t- T-{ -* CO -* CO T-i cq is 00 10 oq m rH ^ 00 rH co rH CO CO i^JI Cl 5t rH 01 Ci CO CM 00 t- rH CO -* t~ -* tH CD CD CO 00 rH CO 10 00 00 1-^ q2 rH T-\ rH r^ cq CD CI 1-4 CO male pula- on, 891. t-O 05 10 >o lO CD rH CD a 10 CO cq CD rH CO o t- P^S ■<*l t^ cq cq >^ H) 03 cq CO tH cq cT rH aths, 1-00. t- CO 0-1 CD rH CD ^ 00 CO 01 cq Cl Irt 00 tM t~ 00 CD ■^ CO r- t- 00 CTi »o CD 1* 10 CD t- 00 r^ cq CO -* CD t- 00 l-H «s «S CO rH rH ^ 1-t rH rH i-i iH cq CO «i_- • ^ CO ^ CD >o CO CD 05 C5 Ttl 10 10 cq 10 cq to 1—1 lO lO CD 10 CO CO Cl t- 00 -* Mai opu tioi 189 CO t~ 1— t -* Utl CO CD »o t~ CD -* CO 00 t~ cq to^ 1-1 t- ^ (M 00 t~ CO 1* CO CO cq 10 Ol cq Ol rH rH rH 1-< CI Cl E r^ '^ ce^.g 10 XO lO lO S)'S = 1-1 T-l 1 1 1 CI 1 CO 1 CO 1 ^ 1 lO 1 CD 1 ^ [ t- 00 >o ■0 >o 10 >o 10 lO Q. tH '"^ cq cq CO CO -* -* 10 iC CO CO t~ ^ CD CI C2 10 C-1 C-1 rH CI -* ■* 00 °| th t- oq CO •* ■ S C8 1-1 rH a to . CO CO 10 »o CO t- 10 1-^ «g ■* rH 00 rH t- •^ iH -* 00 Ttl 1*1 iC t- rH r-{ rH rH aths, 1-90. iO t~ CO t~ rH CO rH t~ en t- 1* Td 00 -* CO CO CO CO 00 -* -* CI >o 1-1 t- t- 00 00 r-\ l-H CO w 00 T-i CO (0 CO OS rH 1-1 rH r-t j-i rH rH rH CD g ^ I ■ ^ t- CD CO co 00 CO cn -* C.D oq CO CD CO Q CO OJ CD CO CO t- cq CD cq iO >o 00 Cl iH CO CO 00 >o »o ■* 00 cq rH 00 O cq T-t 10 n 0) p -W rt Cq rH t- t- >o CO i-< C7> t~ CO •* a cq &i(Pk iO *< oq tH CO rH t- rH ^ * Ci 10 >o CO cq CO • >o cq rH m"o »c 00 CD t- en C3i CO t- CO cq cq CO -* t- -fi r)1 rH 00 00 CD Tjl cq rH CO C^ t- rH ll ':f CD CD t- CO 00 rH oq CO -* cq CO CO iH rH T-i r-i rH rH rH •o ■* 10 l-H 00 CD l- I- t~ rH cq 01 Mai opu tior 188 Ci CO ■^ 1-1 Cft 10 CI rH 00 co CI CO rH Ml CO CO rH Ph O Ol r-l rH 1-H rH rH ^ E CO -t^ o «5 10 >o c? >o Si^'O S l-( 1-1 ra «o CO l~ t~ ■< « (y cii 1 A <^ ^ C^ G rH oq oq Tti 10 »o <±> CO L- 220 England's Recent Progress. LEICESTEK Population (Males). Population (Females). Kepistration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. i Census, 1901. ls.^l. ls.91. 1S91. 1901. 1881. 1S91. Ife91. 1901. Leicester Blaby , . Billesdon Barrow . 64,420 8,826 3,915 10,543 82,441 82,441 10,801 > 10,801 3,063 ' 8,063 10,928 10,928 99,014 12,272 3,025 12,384 72,173 ' 92,183 92,183 112,505 8,5.32 ' 10,894 ; 10,894 12,701 3,653 3,246 i 3,246 3,147 11,048 11,713 : 11,713 13,144 87,704 107,233 107,233 126,695 95,406 118,036 118,036 141,557 This wide boundary was adopted mainly to avoid the consequences of an alteration to the limits of Leicester made in 1892. Population. Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Leicester (boot manufacture,'! hosiery) . . . ./ Wigston Magna (boot manufac-i ture, railway service, hosiery) / Rural 126,695 Here the rural element reaches nearly eighteen per cent, of the entire population. The moi'tahty is probably lowered, and the immigration into Leicester understated in consequence. The inducement to adopt such a wide boundaiy was the fact that the ages of population given in the 1881 Census referred to the town before its extension, and a certain risk attends any assumption as to ages if a registration district has to be sub-divided. By merging whole registration districts any such risk of error is obviated. Appendix C. 221 (M CO ■tH C5 R 00 CM o •>* Tti oq in fi CI o o O CO tH tH CO in o CM 5£ .s TlH o ■^ Ttl tH tH tH tH °.2 cS O (M o C35 CO CI Cl CO ■* t- CO t- CO 00 c o Oi >o t~ ^ tH oq tH CO "* (J.) oq C5 CO tH CO cq in iH CO o o oq 'SI c3 G5 CM CO Ttl tH CM tH iH oq o = OS CO 1 I- 00 oTo ^ o CD 00 00 •^ in oq ^ d oq O m 'ii 00 CO CO iH CM lO t.~ CM 00 00 t75 CO Ci ^ 'i* o lO in CO CO t- t- 00 o o o CO Q2 T-H tH tH CO oq oq Male opnla- tion, 1891. b- CM Oi O tH 00 >n in ^ CO o ■"il CO 00 CO o i-l C5 a o rH ■* C5 CD '^ 00 ^ in o ^ CM in 00 00 CO CO t-l CO "O CM tH tH c» 00 00 CO to CD in CO co" oq" tH CD M CO T-l '"' '"' '~* tH c CO -ti'w S _, '^ o >o o in o o in o in o in o in CM cq CO CO -* ^ in "P CO CO t- t- o o >o o lO c^ in o in o in o in in S* Q t-l iH CM Ol CO CO '^ •* in in CO CD t- t- s of >ns. ain. cc CM C^ -M o o m c>q en iH o -^ o rH 00 CM in t- CO CO in t- -# o C-1 lO tH O) tH ^ -k^~ 1 o tH t— 1 CM CO II oi CTS t- CO HI ^ CO in CO CM s's ^ CO lO lO tH 00 »o CO C3 t- CI "* in in o o O oq ^ tH oq "t^ .H o CO CO -* lO in in in in CO CO 00 C3 C2 o S M c2 o oq tH * 1 . male pnla- ion, 881. CO o CO tH CM t~ CO tH CM CM o -^ o CJi CD Tjl 00 00 iH C^ C5 tH Oi o Ol o -* t- oq Ol rH CM ■^ t- o CM t~ t- CO m tH ■* C5 co tH in CD O *^ rH lO CO tH a Gi cr> L~ co" in •rH -* CO oq oq ^ o CO ^ '"' CO iH T-l 00 CM 00 CO o CO ■* t- o tH iH t~ t- o CM CO Co o in 6 ^ n CO o CO rH '"' ^ rH O tH I-H rH lO 3 a II m lO o t- o 3 rH lO CO (M rH 28 CO rH (M CO 00 O CO (M lO ■<*( CO rH 00 Oi CM -* i-H CO Ol t~ (M CO CO o o lO t:- n, CO CO -* ■* ■* lO o CO o t- L- CO GO C5 o CO CM o2 OS rH a, ■* CO lO rH CO o irt 05 m CO CM -* rH CT5 lO t- ■* o rH »o o l~ CO o CO CO o CO rH CO 05 05 CO en Ol O 05 00 o C30 00 a> rH CO CD 00 o s ci,.a S * CO CM ■«*l t- fapn CO T-l iH iH iH ^ c CT) O lO ■^ ■* -* (M o lO lO rH ^ °i lO t- -* ^ lO CO C5 o o rH o rH a ■* (M 00 CO rH ^ rH CM CM Tt< O iH rH ■* M tH t- ■* I-:; CO t- CO mo ■^ (M >o CM CO rH t- t~ ->* CO CO CM O "* o lO CO CO CO 00 00 L— lO 05 t- CO lO (M -* ■^ »o CO CO t- iXi 05 03 o o rH CO tJH Q2 i-< rH ^ ^ C Tj( CO o in o lO CO CO (M C5 o 01 CM o> rH ^ 00 nn CO ■<* -* tH lO o O rH CO •^ 1-H o 5E.SS CO 00 05 05 Oi i-H CO CO C5 o o crs o_ CM lO lO ,« O-tf-l crTco c•^ tH oT C^ oo" t-^ CO CO lO CO CO CM CO CO CO i-H i-H TJH 2 o >o o »o o »o o lO o lO o lO o lO Age end Decenn r-l <-< 1 CO 1 CO 1 o 1 ■* ^ >o 1 lO I o CO 1 lO o o 1 lO t- 1 o 3 S rH ^^ to . on t- CO rH rH 05 hi rH too o o t:~ -* •<*< oo Ol CO CO '^ CO CM <-, 00 tr- 5? T-{ CO CO rH 00 CM CO t~ lO t- CM CO CO o io -* ^ ^ iO »o CO O CO CO CO L- 00 05 CX) O §00 OS 00 CM 05 rH .2 =« - . in c-i t- "* C5 ■* o GO cq lO o L— CO rH o Ir- C-1 00 CO rH 05 CO ■rJH ^ 05 CO -* -* lO rH lO t- o CO ■^ rH -"^ 00 CO 00 o CM 00 CO 05 lO c a..2 CO CO C-l rH Ol GO CO t- CO lO ^ CO CO CM ■^ P^Ph CO T-H tH CM c 05 Ol rH lO o o cq en "2 CO t- rH O) CO CO o CM tr- CD CO ° § 3 T-H CO CT> ■^ rH o o o ■o O •3 CO CO CM lO ■* oTd o Ol CO o\ c O CO o o t- a en CM t- 5? -tl o C-1 O CO CO ^ C5 rH CO o CO -* 05 o ■* ^ »o lO CO L- t- 00 00 00 05 o CO o2 o rH CM ^ SS..2 5g (M 00 (M ■* o CO ^ (M lO CO CM TjH lO CM 00 o l~ C3 ■r»< Ol CO CO -# 05 o CO rH rH t— 00 i» "^^ o o id o lO O lO o lO O lO a !3 1 CO 1 CO 1 o 1^ »o o lO 1 lO lO 1 o CO ) lO s 1 >o 1 o lO o. Q T-H rH Ol CM CO 00 •* -* lO lO CO CO t- L- 3 224 England's Recent Progress. NOTTINGHAM. Population (Males). Population (Females). .Kecistration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Nottingham . Eetransfer to Basford 74,144 81,046 98,730 17,684 111,695 22,494 85,119 96,032 115,147 19,115 128,048 24,262 81,046 89,201 96,032 103,786 In 1901 the borough of Nottingham (lace, colliery, engineering, hosiery, commerce) was co-extensive with the registration district of the same name. Here we have a case where my usual rule, to give liberal boundaries to great towns, could not be followed, simply because the Basford district was too extensive and populous to be treated as a mere adjunct of Nottingham. The district was thus constituted in 1901 : — Urban Districts, &e. 1901. Males. Ilkeston (coUiery town) Hucknall Torkard (colliery town) Heanor (colliery town) Kirkby-in- Ash field (colliery town) *Eastwood (colliery town) Arnold (hosiery) . Beeston (lace) West Bridgford (lace) . Carlton (railway service) Rural ..... Basford registration district . 12,953 7,622 8,261 5,375 2,465 4,259 4,251 2,939 5,028 20,262 73,415 Females. 12,431 7,628 7,988 4,943 2,350 4,498 4,709 .4,079 5,013 19,693 73,832 Urban district with less than 5000 inhabitants. Only Beeston, West Bridgford and Carlton could be deemed to be dependencies of Nottingham. In Appendix G will be found a calculation showing Nottingham as it stood in 1901, for which purpose the ages of the inhabitants of the added district, as in 1891, had to be estimated. Appendix C. 225 1 _. CO 00 o lO iH o "o a ■% t-^ iH S-2 O .-1 oT s'S ^ nJ ^ t~ t- CO o y—^ C3 rH Cl en Cl ■^ !S rH 00 00 Ci y-i o lO CO Cl CO O Hi CO t- Ttl CO rH Cl Cl rH CO oT - . If CO o o rH 'H CO o Cl "O cq Cl tr- CO cq o n rH "O »o o lO Cl I- 7-i tr- lO io ^ CO Cl c3 ^ o CO CO ^ iO o o CO L~ t- CO CT> o a '^ 1) Zi OS o rH cq t- _rH o male imla- ion, 891. 00 X c CO m CO CO >o oq tH t- CD CO Cl rH t~ lO -^ Ol CD o CO ■* rH C3 -* o CO 00 ^ rH C5 T-( -* 03 O lO CO lO CO rH lO 00 rH lO rH o >o o o o o o 00 t- CO lO ^ CO CO cq ■* Cl '■^^ CM ^ iH Cl CO d >o CD 00 CO 00 00 rH °| 'c8 t- CO 00 t- 00 rH l^- o iH rH tH co rH 3 c8 * • a> o T— t C3 CO o 7-{ 00 ra CD t~ {^ CM Ol rH lO 00 3 CO -* o^ i-i 1-H rH m • o i-H rtl 00 o o 00 Cl 00 cq o CO rH cq o 5 ^ t- o CO CD CO rH Cl rH uO o -* Cl 00 lO lO Oi -I o_ CO CO CO ■<*l lO CD tr- tr- 00 00 o o ^ tr- ■^ Ci O » t- oq t- 3 111 CO r^ (M O '^ Cl Cl tr- io io CO CO 00 cq ■* O O lO C3 O CO en CO io lO Til CO rH ■* cq •^ CO o^o_ o^ 1-1 o c- CO rH ■* lO^ t>-^ rH lO o rH rH ~ ^ C +-* f"" t-'cf o" t- CO CD CO >o TiT co" CO Cl Cl CO CO (^ CM .-1 o rH , — ^■^— ^ d v Ho-- ail o »o o iO o lO o lO o lO (^ lO o lO G f? i-H t-l ^2 Cl i CO 1 CO 1 o 1 lO 1 o lO 1 lO lO 1 o 1 lO o 1 o t- I lO t:- 1 o ^3 T-H CM CI CO CO tH -:*< lO lO o o tr- o ^ tr- Cl Cl -H CD .^ ^ CM co CO o CO = 1 « o t~ 00 Cl rH "5^ S To r—\ »H * t- CI o o CO o ^ CO CO ^a ^ o CO Cl o o rH Cl o CO o t- ■^ Ol CO CO tH Cl CO Hi I-l tn o rH o lO tr- o Cl rH b- o '^ tr- CO '^ tr- tr- ^ C^ GO C3 CO io Cl CO -# tr- co L-- CO o -H c3 w t- CO ■* lO o o CD CO CO L- L- 00 02 lO cq QCO t- cT CO rH s^ - . CO CO o t~ ff) CO •^ IC :^ t- co Cl >o lO tr- Cl O .-1 o t- 00 C3 Cl o Oi lO CO Cl o 05 rH — — r -/) t- rM t~ iH CO CO »o rH Cl lO o CO CO CD ^., O '■^ *-' — ' •"* o o 00 00 C3 Oi t- CO »o ^ ■* CO Cl tH CO ■* '** CI .-1 rH a ■* »o o ll C8 00 t> T-i o rH (M s s * If • t- ©^ rH 00 o 00 00 00 03 a> lO 1-1 CO o >o CD CI Oi »o o CO C3 00 t- 3 lO r-1 Cl "O i-H o rH o o lO o lO CO L- o C« rH .— ( CO CO ■^ lO lO CD CD L- I- 00 CO 00 tH t- X 00 OS. o CM 00 rH «i_-^ lO T-l a> in lO ■* CO rH CO o g CO Cl o 05 a CO Q »0 O o o tH CO CO rH o lO rH o 00 00 o Sls-^ ■rj< -n CI Cl ^TD CO CD o_ "^ 03_ cq o CO l- ",? """ o'o Co' L~ L- L~ co' lo" Tjt ■* CO Cl cf iH cf -tl Ph CO 1-t o rH ^ ^-— -'— > o o >o Q lO o lO o >o o lO o iC -^1 ti. - 5 i-H iH 6^ 1 (M 1 CO CO 1 7 7 >o 1 lO 1 ^ K ^T _^ lO o irj o lO o >o o lO o lO o n rH l-H CM ©1 CO CO -rH 'SI lO lO CJ o t- 226 England's Recent Progress, BRADFORD. Population (Males). Population (Females). I\epistration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Bradford . . North Bierley . 85,211 61,516 94,222 65,827 100,445 58,094 106,026 60,345 97,821 67,034 108,753 73,079 115,916 64,213 122,599 68,722 Retransfers ) (add) . . f 146,727 160,049 158,539 1,510 166,371 1,300 164,855 181,832 180,129 1,703 191,321 1,692 160,049 167,671 181,832 193,013 The modifications in boundaries are of small importance. The district contains the undermentioned towns : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Bradford (woollen) | 130,092 Cleckheaton (engineering, woollen) . *Drighlington Clayton (woollen) Shipley (woollen, engineering) . . Farsley (woollen, engineering) . Pudsey (woollen) Bingley (part of) (woollen) . . . Rural places 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. ' 130,092 149,675 265,728 279,767 5,877 6,647 11,826 12,524 1,994 2,224 4,322 4,218 2,370 2,749 4,707 5,119 11,819 13,754 23,387 25,573 2,642 2,937 5,328 5,579 6,936 7,971 13,444 14,907 1,381 1,686 2,764 3,067 3,260 3,678 7,162 6,938 166,371 191,321 338,668 357,692 Drighlington is an urban district with less than 5000 inhabitants. There is no lunatic asylum within this district, nor are there such asvlums in the great majority of the seats of textile manufactures. In every case where there are exceptionally important asylums particulars are given. Appendix C. 227 1 CO CO tfi B L- *s ° 0« t~ 00 32 tH »H . tH CO CO >o CO CM C-1 CM rH ^ «a en ^ ^ t~ CO rH ^ CO ^ (N Tj< CD L~ CO CM -iH CO CO <3i rH rH rH 2" 3 ^ rH 00 CO CM L-~ oq CO CO CO CM -1 5? CM 00 rH rH r-i CO oq 00 CO CO >o 00 CM 00 Ol rH CM CO >o t~ Cft 03 03 T-l rH ^-\ rH '"' rH rH T-{ CM (M ^ rH CO Female Popiila- tion, 1891. Tj< (X> t- ^ CO rH t- rH 10 »o 00 m CM rH CO co ■* L~ a:> CO rH rH CO CO rH CM CM 00 CO CO 00 05 00 W 00 00 01 05 00 CO ■* CM 00 t- CO ■■* CO CO iH r-t tH rH rH rH iH rH CM CM ■w ^ •s C5 CTl 00 = § CO t- sS CD rH CO CO (M CM C35 T-A GO XO CO (^;3 rH lO <35 L- CO CM r-\ rH ■^ i£> '^ CO CO 00 CO rH CM rH CM CO CM »o hj r^ T-\ Co" 2'g CT) (M o »o >o lO ^ 10 10 _ CO S'si r-( tH o CO CO t- t- cS cS <; S 00 »o lO lO >o c^ 10 »o A ,n ^ T-l iH C^ ©5 CO CO ^ tH >o CO CO t- t~ O4 ^ CO rH ■r^ CO •S -* >o >o ie-2 -* rH (M 6 ^5 (M (M rH m t~ rj 00 rH rH CO 00 t- CO t~ t- 00 CJ5 rH CO L— 00 L~ CO CM CO CM rH m"d 10 (35 CO CO CO -* -* t- rH '^ ^ 5? CO CO to lO 10 C3 00 10 >c 00 o 00 CO |l|| ■* CM CO CO CO c» t- CO »c CO -* CO a CO ■0 CM rH CT> Oi CO CO 10 ■* CO ■* CO i:^ Tjl O-l tH i-H rH iH 7-* >o 10 ■O >o >o 10 'O lU-S S iH rH CI Ol CO -t< -H L- L~ s s "1 a> AA 1 1 )0 ^ >o >o i IC c^ >o .nB= i? rH CM 01 CO CO •Y «? >o CO CO t~ I- a. r^ 1 Q 2 228 England's Becent Progress. BOLTON. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Bolton 91,985 109,038 109,038 122,581 100,420 117,761 '117,761 135,006 The district includes :- Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Bolton (cotton, engineering) . 79,150 89,065 146,487 168,215 Farnworth (colliery, cotton) . 12,051 13,874 23,758 25,925 Kearsley (colliery, cotton) .... 4,324 4,894 7,993 9,218 Little Hulton (colliery) 3,578 3,716 6,693 7,294 Westhoughton (colliery) .... 7,224 7,153 12,042 14,377 Horwich (engineering) 7,821 7,263 12,850 15,084 Turton (cotton) 5,914 6,441 11,808 12,355 Little Lever (colliery, cotton) . 2,519 2,600 5,168 5,119 122,581 135,006 226,799 257,587 Appendix C. 229 CO •<*( CD lO rH ■ CO 00 Ol 00 10 "Sc >o o> a> -* rH rH ; CO CO t t- o " ■<*( 1:- ■^ 01 tH ^u o * U5 01 00 Oi 00 CO ^ o ■^ lO O ■* 10 10 CO rH 1 tr- ^o (M CO CO t- rH 00 CO 10 CO rH Ol C- 00 -* lO CO o t- t- 00 03 SI Ol rH 7-i T-\ rH 01 CO CM -5 lO r-t Ol ^ CO 00 00 CO co CD CO 01 rH . . Ol CO t- Ol 03 t- CO 00 Ol cn ^ S Oi CJJ •* 01 CD Ir- t- 10 r-{ CD o tH •* o CO t- 00 03 7-< 01 01 01 Il r-i i-i rH rH 7-{ rH 01 CM ,. CO •* t- 00 ■* rH 00 03 -* rH 00 in rH a, « . . O iH o ■* t- t- -* CD lO Mai opu tioi 1891 a>r-f CT> 00 00 T-i Ol CO 00 00 ■* (M OI r-< o 05 b- 1:- lO -* CO Ol 01 01 t:- rH Ph CO tH rH rH tH rH O lO o >n O lO 10 >n in CD a c3 i-( r-( Ol Ol CO CO ^ ■* 10 10 CO a is 4) Q O O lO o O o >n 10 lO 10 in g< iH 7-1 Ol Ol CO CO ^ ^ 10 10 CD CO CO CO »o 03 t- '^ CO «»-( "^ s Ol 00 o 00 a Ol ^ ° 3 ^ 02 as 02 CO r-t • O tH CO r-t t~ t- 10 03 rH o 03 03 lO 01 «r o o CO 00 ^ CO c- rH 00 00 t:- rH XCi CO 00 o o lO 00 01 t:- ^ 01 ^ tH ^ lO o CO t- t:- CO 03 II Ci T-{ rH rH Ol rH 01 »o lO Ol rH C- CD CT3 ■<** rH in -* S - e-' SS M* >o o CO •rH CO -* CO CD C- rH t- rH ^ CO ■^ T-i Til »o I:- Ttl CO Ol" CD o' 05" CO tr- CD 10 -* CO CO 01 CO in CO _rH__ CO tH T-i T-{ rH s 00 CD CD CO CO cq io >o q P tfi rH 11 CD rh ^ o 00 03 CD CO • t- 03 lO •^ CO CO rH rH CO rH * 1-H . J-J in PiS 1-^ CO 00 rH uTo o 10 CD t~ C3 ^ >o CO 5? o CO t~ -n t- 9S o rti tH lO >o CO t- CO 03 QS 1 o 1 tH rH rH 7-f 01 01 01 Ol o CO in CO rH l-{ CO y-i in CD 01 a, =» - . CO 05 m t~ CO »o >* rH 4; 01 r-i sill lO CO CO i-H Ol o" CO oo" 01 Co" UO ^ ■^ CO of rH oT ■^(S CO ^ iH rH § • • • • 01 o >o o »n 10 10 10 d c3 S'Sg rH rH Ol Ol CO X 10 >o Y CS ^ -^, 3 o oi lO o lO 10 10 in S< tr- 3 o I-l iH Ol Ol CO CO ■* •* 10 2o0 England's licccnt Progress. BLACKBURN Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Blackburn . 83,617 96,347 96,347 104,071 1 92,337 108,556 108,556 119,449 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, ite. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Blackburn (cotton) 58,966 68,660 120,064 127,626 Darwen (cotton). 17,799 20,413 34,192 38,212 Oswaldtwistle (cotton, colliery) . 6,781 7,411 13,296 14,192 Church (cotton) .... 3,049 3,414 5,870 6,463 Clayton-le-Moors (cotton, colliery) 3,852 4,301 7,155 8,153 Great Harwood (cotton) 5,678 6,3.37 9,073 12,015 Rishton (cotton) 3,299 3,732 0,010 7,031 Rural parts .... 4,647 5,181 9,243 9,828 104,071 119,449 204,903 223,520 Appendix C. 231 M o c to CO CI o in 1 rH "o c (M CO ^ CI rH ^_o O CO o t- 1-1 in s^ a> To « , , lO ■* CO 00 o o CO CO Cl PhS J • • CO CO CO CD CO CH) ■* CO • CO ;^ CI 1-1 iH CO CI tH cq MO ^ iH CI o ■^ o o CO 00 d iH o in -* c ~=P CO CI lO CD tH CD CO o o CO CI CO in in o «3 00 I* Tjl lO CO CO t- 00 00 C5 iH CI CI in rH OO" ^ rH r-t CI T-l Cl G 2 o c^ ■>*< T-l ^ L— o ■^ oq >o o in CO 00 t- en in Q CO 01 t- CI CO CO t- CO CO o -* t- co 00 in ■^ ■^ I-l o L- lO ■^ ^ IC tH CO t-l CI CI CO ■* o c a.Soo « O -:- -1 .-1 00 CI 1-1 iH o o 00 t- in in -* CO cq CO o ^^( CO r^ tH 1-1 iH rH rH o 1-1 o ■* : U-l * cS ■^ ■* ■*! o °.i o I-l M '-H 1 1 g2 CO U~ o CO o lO ^ CD 1—1 t~ Cl cu to iH "* CI t~ o lO CD 'iH o CD 00 f^ia C' lO o CO CI 1-1 CI 1-1 o (^ >A iH Cl If 1 CO o CO 00 00 T-l lO o CO CO CO CO in in 1 ^ CO CI CI o 00 t- T-l ^ '^ cq CO o Cl l- ■^ rt< Ttl tH 'dH lO L-~ 00 Oi o_ o rH 1—1 I— oi o tH tH —1 1-1 CM rH Cl lale pula- ion, S91. a> lo iH O lO o a CO o 00 CO CD t- rH rH CO 00 CO t- t- iH TH 00 ■* CI CO CO rH ^ '^ ^ CO ^ ^ o Cl CO t- C5_ C) CI 1—1 iH in CD o CD OO r^ =«rt OT CI cT 1-1 o 00 t- t~ CD in -<* CO cT rH cf CO Ph CO T-H tH 1-1 Cl a T3 'T3 ts c-S o >o o lO o lO o lO o in o in o in 1-H 1-1 1 1 OO CI 1 CI 1 o CO CO 6 1 o 1 in 1 o CO 1 in o 1 o 1 in 1 o ^"^ CI CI CO CO -* ■*! lO in o CO L-- T-l t~ o 1-1 1-1 CI 1-i o o rH (M ^ s o -* ~* t~ lO t~ o CO m rH °| '5 CM CO CI rH o_^ O "is T-l I-l t-l tH Ph3 w ^ o t~ CO CI .«=! O CI c; o CO CO CO .'o C-l CI o lO ^ t~ ^ o O CO CO a CO CO ■* 5? o t- QO t~ CI lO o lO CO CI Cl in tD ^ ■* "O CD to t- t- 00 o o o o__ tH CO cT 1-1 tH tH cT 8 '— '^— N CM CO XC ^ o CO CO CO ■* 1-1 00 ■* o t~ cq a> CD O o CI L~ CO -* o in ■* CO CO 00 m o O^rH L- 00 t- 1-1 CO o CO C5 CJ -* CD o^ t- CO IS'^^ CO Ol o rH in 00 CI 00 'i* o g 00 >n rH CJ CI o 00 -ki.2 o CB ■* rH rH rH t- l'^ 1 SS) CO o ^ CD t- CI in m o >o d CO t- CO o 00 3 CI 1-i 1-1 c; CO CO 1-1 CO 00 t- in CO CI Q CI "^H o o rH -# o CD CI CO CD in CO t~ i-\ t- Cl CO IS r-( 01 lO -^ »o lO CD CD L— CO o o o Oi o t- CO CI t- o CI CO C5 CO ■^ •* Ol ^ iC ■O CO -* CI T-l CO iH in Ol CI as Oi t*! O CI CO -+I o o t~ 00 ■* t- Ci CO CD O in o in o in o in S 1-1 iH CI CI CO CO ^ fi in m ^ CO L- L~ 66 1 1 o 1 6 1 1 o 1 in 6 lA ^ 1 m 6 .2§^ ^ 1 1-1 CI c< CO CO ■^ ■>* •n «n CO CO i.- 232 Enr/hnuVfi Hcccnt Progress. OLDHAM. Population (Males). Population (Females). ^cf trift!"'' Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1 ' \ 1891. 1 1901. 1 1881. 1 1891. 1 1891. 1 1901. Oldham . I RetransfersV (deduct) ./' 81,008 96,357 96,762 102,693 . 87,458 104,796 105,246 112,931 ! 1 I ! I 405 . 520 [....' 450 600 96,857 102,178 i .. .. 104,796 112,331 The district includes : — Boroughs, Uiban Districts, itc. Oldham (cotton, engineering) . Chadderton (cotton, engineering Middleton (cotton) . Royton (cotton) Crompton (cotton) . Males. Females. 65,275 11,948 12,004 7,125 6,841 71,971 12,944 13,174 7,756 7,086 Population. 1891. 131,463 22,087 22,162 13,395 12,901 1901. 137,246 24,892 25,178 14,881 13,427 102,693 : 112,931 202.008 ' 215,624 Appendix C. 233 . 1 a * (M o 00 cq oq tH tH eo oq cq T-l cq CO . . 1 00 O CO lO o CO C3 lO lO CO rtf CO o CO CO 1 tr- o •^ ^ o cq tH in o Tt< 1-1 o lO Ir- lO ■* lO CD CO o tr- 00 03 o rH CI cq io Q2 00 tH '"' tH '"' oq male pula- on, «91. t- (M 00 iH t- T-i lO ■* o 00 lO »o CD lO OS CO 1-1 rH 00 Oi CO CO lO tH ^S-- cTo-i i-H rH r-{ oT 00 00 t^ lO -* ■* CO oq eo ■^ (M .-1 r-l r-H iH CO rH „• MH o ; I T-l ^ tH rp ■^ t~ 00 tX tr- 00 o CO lO >o cn rH o CO CM CM Co (M CO o lO T-H CO ■* CO cq tr- CO CO CB 00 lO t- tH t- o o o o lO tr- CO ^ ^ o o tr- 05 o rH rH c? tH o S C2 G2 o T-l tH T-l rH rH T-l cq oq "•2^-^- 00 CO "* CM o o io o lO CO CO 00 tH tH 00 lO 1-1 lO T-t •^ o o O CO Ci t- o^ iH lO CO cq t- ■^ SoS O t- tH O 1-1 >-l CO CO lO T*l Tti CO CD o lO ,«^ O-tJrH o ^ o o 00 tr- CO lO -* CO cq oq oq CD PM CO ^ r-l T-l rH i-t -^^hI O lO o lO o lO C-) io o lO o lO o lO '^^ 1-H iH C<1 Ol CO CO ^ 1* lO lO o CO tr- tr- cS c3 o o lO o lO o lO o lO o lO o io O iC & iH tH Ol Ol CO CO tX Tj< lO lO CD CO t~ p< « o CO »o Gi «* CO o -* lO lO (-) (T) CO rH o 9 ." to o•^ CO i-l o »o CO cq -* -* -* t- ^.2 o -* CO t- Tjl Tjl q a^d T-l CO o rH t- '^ o CO ^ rH 00 CD ■* a tH 5? o (M CO * tH ■^ CD o§ -* 00 CO CO o »o rH tr- CO • o ■U -* C5 03 t~ lO ■* CN (N oq CD rH lO IJ to -# tH -* 3 CO rH cq •"* 2"S 1 o ^ ^ C5 CO CD tr- CO O o 00 ■* C5 Ci CM fO CO T-l ee 'H I— Ol CO CO t~ -^ >o »o o o t- 00 00 05 a> o o a t- CO 5 '-o Q2 o rH iH rH tH cq ui _-^ oi ■* 00 t- (M o o CO t- t- ^ CI rH m G> O CD fM rH CO lO 1:- CO co (M o rH S CI 5a.2?? lO 05 L- t~ OJ lO 01 CO o CO i~ o •* f— f ft c:3 00 CO t- t- lO lO ■nji CO CO C) rH CO tH rH ■Sol O 'O o lO o >o lO 1 lO lO C) >o o lO lO p4 1 1 o o oi 1 7 s J lO 7 lO I ui, o « iH iH CM (M CO CO -tl ■* lO lO t- 234 England's Becent Progress. BURNLEY. Population (Males). Population (Females) Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Burnley . . 57,319 Retransfers \ (add). ./ •• 79,185 78,994 191 92,935 375 61,015 86,094 85,900 194 103,606 378 79,185 93,310 86,094 103,984 The district includes 1901. Population. Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Burnley (cotton, colliery) . 45,374 51,669 87,016 97,043 Nelson (cotton). 15,502 17,314 22,754 .32,816 Brierfield (cotton) 3,509 3,779 5,834 7,288 Colne (cotton) .... 11,179 11,821 16,774 23,000 Padiham (cotton) 5,712 6,493 11,310 12,205 Rural parts .... 11,659 12,530 21,206 24,189 92,935 103,006 164,894 196,541 Appendix C. 285 o c.-) CO o o ^ I-( 1-1 ^ iC iH o in CO 'ii ^ OJ c o Ol CM CO lO C5 ■« CO -* CJ in o 1-1 CO O 5? c-i CO o ■* 00 iH IC o in CI 1-1 o CO 00 CD i-i CO CO ■>*< 1* XO lO CO CO t~ GO (J3 Ci GO CO S o a2 CO 1—1 t- — -^ — , male 011, 891. CD CO o CO CO 00 o ■^ t~ th 00 t- c^ CO Oi ^ 00 CO '^t lO t~ lO CO Oi iH CO Tt* Oi iH CO Oi 00 ■^ t~ o o 1-1 o CO CD t~ 00 °l o -* t- •* in SS-- 00 O CTi oT Oi on t- Co" »o" ■* CO CO OQ I-l Co CO t- CO T-l t- ■^ o in m CJJ 3p..2 3 CO CM >o o CO CO CTi c^ CO -* in 00 o in o tH (^ O *- l-H CDO o C2 t- CD >c lO -* CO CI CI iH CI 00 ;^ (M rH o 1-1 £ CD es c.:= O O o lO o lO o >o o >o o m o in a y a'Sc 1-1 i-H 1 1 CM 1 Ol 1 CO 1 1 -* t 1 lO 1 CO 1 o 1 I- 1 1 * 1 o o t- t- ■* ■* I-l iH iH 1-4 t- c;; CO r-l iH iH iH iH S j! a tc rtg S 1-^ 2S (M 1-1 CO CI iH o G> -* >o -* lO CO on ■* CT> .CO ■* ~V CM CO L~ 05 o\ 00 »ra iH CO o G5 o 00 ■«J1 CO CO CO CO CO •>n 'H >o CO CO L- CD -* t- o2 00 I-l VH -.--^.^ lale pula- ion, 881. CO 00 •<*( CD CI 85 00 1-1 00 00 05 00 05 8 CO CJ <£>ta L~ L- CI o CO l~ CO o t- in tr 00 00 oi c» iH oo CI oi_ iH lO o "^ o^ t- ''I CD 1-1 <, O — r^ >o oo CO CD lO lO -If -* CO CI CI CI I-l T-\ I-l CO h Ol 00 a to ^3 TS b ?;■« 3 o »o o ■ra o lO o XO o >o o in o in Sf-^ il'S S r-l i-( CI CI CO CO ■* Ml lO »o CD ^ l~ t- r^ 1 c^ 1 ^ 1 c^ 1 c^ 1 A in c^ ^^ o c^^ O) CO CO Tfl Tjl uO o o CD L- 236 England's Recent Progress. HALIFAX. Population (Males). Population (Females). Regristratioii District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. I 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. HaUfax . . Retransfers\ (deduct) ./ 81,074 87,148 87,605 457 90,925 365 89,366 98,134 ' 98,634 500 104,211 604 87,148 90,560 98,134 103,607 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Halifax (woollen, engineering) 48,467 56,469 97,714 104,936 Brighouse (silk, cotton, engineering) 10,448 11,287 20,666 21,735 EUand (woollen, cotton) .... 4,782 6,630 9,991 10,412 Stainland* ....... 2,083 2,433 5,002 4,516 Sowerby Bridge (woollen, cotton, engineering) 5,375 6,102 10,426 11,477 Queensbury (woollen) 2,971 3,445 6,740 6,416 Hipperholme* ...... 1,884 2,321 3,745 4,205 Greetland* 2,117 2,355 4,283 4,472 Rural parts 12,798 14,169 27,672 26,967 90,925 104,211 186,239 195,136 * These are urban districts with less than 5000 inhabitants. Appendix C. 237 ^"5 . 1 »o .-) CM OD o s lO •^ >o • • • CO • • ^.2 o t- CO sla O SB VI 00 ■<*l Oi •^ on ■^ (M 00 in tH o PhS t- t- 00 -dH t- rH rH -* t- >o S a ^ i-l co "* CO co rH rH rH t- too CD t- 8 CO m 00 C» t- lO o co 5? T-( CO »o CO lO o CO CO r^ in CO CO i-H CO ■* Tjl '^ »o o CO CO t- Oi rH CM rH CM tU Oi oi2 IC rH rH CO CO male pula- ion, 891. O CM CO en rH rH <35 CO rH CJ> 05 CM t-. CD o rH O t- t~ t~ OS a CM t- t- CM 00 Til CO in »o o Oi CO "O Ofl CO ■o s g CO Ol t- t- '^ t~ O lO o ■«!jl o to CM ■ t- O , in iJ Oi t- oq CO 7-i (M rH CO 0-1 CD CO CM CD rH o Ol CM 05 tr- 02 00 ^ CM ■^ 1? ^ rH T-{ CO ■^ ie CD lO CO 00 00 ■o O lO o >c o lO o »o o lO o in ^ i in oj 1 1 O O CM 1 CM CO 1 o 7 t o 1 in lO CO 1 O rH iH CM CI CO CO ^ -* lO lO CD CO tr- "Sg B -^ -* O o 00 O o CM 00 00 CM S S3 ^1 m 00 CD 00 00 d (^ CO CO IC in o o ■* rA 00 05 lO 00 CM IJ r-l ■* CM rH rH 2^ CI o ^ o rH lO o CO CO lO o CD CO 00 ^ CO CM CO CD CO rH CM lO io CD iH ^ 'if o lO »o lO lO CO t- CO Oi o CO in o2 o rH C<1 CD rH t~ Ol t- lO t~ o •^ t~ t- lO 00 CO o lO T-H CM o t- t- CJ o iO, o lO rH CM o iH rH 1-1 Ol o rH CD isn CO o CO CO rH Tjl Ttl Tjl rSP-^"^ lO >-( o 00 o 00 t~ o lO iri -* CO CO CM P^P-I CM r-l I-l rH 3 =8 c O c» <~i CD CO »o -# CO rH o 8 00 (Ji o CO *;7! C3> CO ■* ■* -* lO CO t- 00 o O o 7-^ t- Ss CD rH T-{ rH (M L^ rH «-i--^- OS a> t~ r-l MH o t- rH CM Ol rH rH t~ CM 00 CO lO lO Ol CM CO CD Gi t- »C5 CO rH CT> in CO CO Ph lO 00 CM CM CD -* 00 CO t- CM CD o L— CO >o o <3i 00 00 t- CO >o ■* ■* CO CO IM CM CM 8 "So -5 O lO O >n o >o O lO o lO o lO O lO CO <; CD o CI 1 C-1 CO 1 CO 1^ t o o CO 1 o lO L- 1 o fi rH rH CM CM CO -* T»l >o lO CO CO L~ 238 England's Recent Progress. ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE. Kegistration District. Population (Males) Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Ashton-under-Lyne . Retransfers (deduct) 73,107 77,792 78,124 332 82,282 1,933* 81,232 87,284 87,848 564 92,781 1,970* 77,792 84,215 87,284 94,751 * Add, the Dioylsden district, brought back from the Manchester group, having increased largely in population. The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Ashton-under-Lyne (cotton, engineering) 20,549 23,. 341 40,486 43,890 Dukinfield (cotton, engineering) 8,928 10,001 17,385 18,929 Stalybridge (cotton, engineering) . 12,837 14,836 26,783 27,673 Droylsden (cotton, engineering) 5,290 5,797 9,482 11,087 Audenshaw (engineering, hats) 3,423 3,793 6,547 7,216 Denton (hat manufacture) 6,987 7,947 13,993 14,934 Hyde (part of), (cotton, engineering) 4,235 4,863 8,741 9,098 Hurst (cotton) ..... 3,309 3,836 6,772 7,145 Mossley (cotton) ..... 6,305 7,147 14,162 13,452 Rural parts ...... 10,419 11,220 21,621 21,639 82,282 92,781 165,972 175,063 Appendix C. 239 CO ■* t- 00 C75 00 I t- c CO t- CM 00 tH o 00 lO ■si CO ■* o 00 CM CO CM 1 O o 00 tr- CD o PhS o .H rH y-\ iH r^ kI 1 »rd 1 CO >o 02 lO t- \r- io 00 CD t~ ■^ CO CM 1 (M "is O] CO lo -* o CO t- ■^ CO -* t- o t- t- CO o CO CO -* lO lO >o CO t- 00 05 iH iH lO 00 o2 t- i-( 1-1 1-1 (M CO tH I-l CO o CO w CO o '^ 1-1 00 lO CO CO sa.2§ T-H lO 1-1 05 00 o t- CO CM CO t- o_ »o CO 1-1 1-1 ^ ■^ 00 CO t- 05 C3 -* o CO 01 o O CO 05 "Ss:' O CO CO •* -* lO CO t- uO 00 C5 C5 o o rH o2 CO 1-1 CM CO ,- 05 O C<1 1-1 CO 05 CO lO 05 o i-H OT. ■* o o iH ■"- -^ lO 'rH ^ CO t- rr^ CO o iH CO t- CO lO lO 1-1 lO 3§..2S CO CO o o CO iH CO >o o CM o t- lO tH »0 Ci o Gi CO tr- CO ■^ CO Ph o c^ lO o lO o lO o lO g^ iH r-\ (M C5 CO CO '^ ■* lO lO CD CD t- t- 3 „• lO t~ H CM CM CO lO CM cq CM iH 05 I-:) -H - . CO CM O 02 O o o G5 l^ lO -* CO (M lO CO rH O -* "O lO CO CO 05 05 -* CO O CD (3 ■^\ o ^ ■* lO "O »o »o CO CO t- C5 o 1-1 CO 00 Q2 t- tH 1-1 t- — ^ '— '^— V male lon, 881. O 02 m 03 t- CO CO ^ CM 05 t- 05 a CO t- iH 00 (M tH CM 1-1 iH ^, CM 1-1 00 ^ CD L- 05 CM t~co •^ CO o CO ^„ (M L- 05 CO t- o_ o o_ 0) O *=rH lO o" cT co" oo" t- CO co" •rtf t- ShPm !M iH o r-l c CO •<* og «s CD o CD -* •<* 1-1 tH iH CM y 00 iH iH CO CO CM -t lO l- ■o CO 1 1-1 o o o o L~ CO l-( t- -ti rH C» CD CO -t< O -* M 1 CO ^ ^ ^ '^ IC lO o l- L- CO CJi C7> 05 co" 1-1 t~ «-2«-^- '^ CO 00 L- t- CO CO lO t- 00 CD CO T-\ CM iH 1-1 T-H CO t- o CO o t- CO (M CO C5 lO CO lO lO (M 311 §8 >0 fM_ Ol T-H -* -» o o CO 00 CM CO CD 1^ O tJrH CO o" o CO l~ co" lO ^ -* CO CO (M CI 1-1 (M 05" Ph 'M tH 05 '— "— ^ _'« 0) ■« S o >o o >o o >o o lO o lO o lO o fl aj CM CO CO I -* lO irj CO CD t- l- o lO A o lO o lO Q lO o lo Cj Q tH tH CM CM CO CO Ttl -* lO lO CU CO t- L- 3 240 England's Becent Progress. DEWSBURY. Eegistration District. Population (Males). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. 1901. Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. Dewsbury Retransfers (deduct) .} 73,701 I 77,408 77,662 .. I .. 254 I 77,408 79,035 315 78,720 ),011 85,188 85,436 88,608 248 323 .. I 85,188 1 88,285 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. i Females. 1891. 1901. Dewsbury (woollen) . Batley (woollen) Morley (part of) (woollen) . Birstal (colliery, woollen) . Heckmoudwike (woollen, carpets colliery) Liversedge (colliery, woollen) Mirfield (wooUen) Ravensthorpe (woollen) Soothill Nether (woollen) . Soothill, Upper (colliery, woollen) Oasett (colliery, woollen) . Thornhill (colliery and glass) Rural parts 13,090 14,125 10,257 3,048 4,491 6,770 5,415 2,692 2,621 2,968 6,052 4,850 2,656 79,0.35 88,608 29,847 28,719 19.088 6,528 9,709 13,668 11,659 5,182 5,645 5,848 11,123 9,606 6,476 163,098 28,060 30,321 21,623 6,559 9,459 13,980 11,341 5,699 5,552 6,104 12,903 10,290 5,752 167,643 Appendix C. 241 _■ CO ^1 3^ c3 8 o O tr- o Ol ^ r-t rH Ol L- rH rH in in W5 « L— io in Ol (3 -* rH t- 00 Ol t- o lO t- CO in in Ol Ol Ol rH T-i h] CO oTo CO Ol -* O CO c- CO ^ CO CO CD o CJl t- CO o CO t- Cj o ^ GO CO L~ CO in in I-l CO ^ ^ ■* in in in m CO t- CO Ol So OS o Ol in male pula- on, 891. lOOl -* Ol Ol in Ol o o Ol 00 CO rH ^ o CO CO "O Ol '^l Ol Ol o CO CO CO 00 m t- in t- in yi o^ CO in Ol CO in ■* o o in t^ OI rH t- (U O -f^ r-l Ol 03 o o C3 CO t- CO in ■* ■* CO Ol Oi CO t- f^P^ CM rH c 00 o§ :S O ,_f ^ lO -* in co i-t CO ^ o Ol Ol CO Ol f^3 m G~l CO. in rH rH Ol o o ■* o t- o •^ O CO C3 Ol CD in CO rH 01 J-f CO >-i rH in oTd CO ^ Ol O Ol o CO t- o 00 Oi 7-< in •t- in ■^ ? OS o t~ <-1 o CO rH CO en ^ in '^ ■^ Ol CO CO CO CO ^ '^ ^ in in CO t- 00 d Q22 t- r-{ CO «i_— 03 Tt< (M kO o in •* o in in Ol CO 00 CO O t- CO —1 O rH Ol CO o tH t- in in Tl< -* U) o is Is 5? 1-1 t-H t~ rH o Ol in o 7-< CD r-i 'i* t- '^l in ^ O) CO O o C3 CO CO Ol Ol T-< 'tH Ol o t- o o t- Tj( CO CO CO r-i j-i Cl_ CO 2" 2 o rH o in o CTl in CO o in 00 in 05 ^ CO 5? o o a> Ol 05 CO Oi ^ Ol CO '^ j-i Ol CO Ol CO -* ■* in ■* ^ '^ in in o L- t~ t- 01 Soo «S o rH rH O Ol lO -n 7-{ T-i rH Ol CO t- in o O CO 00 c- o -* C3 o y-i CO OD 7-1 CO O) o CO L^ CO CO 30 lO in o L— O CO C2 CO CO o CO O CO ■* tu p *^ rt T)< O Cj 00 00 t- CO lO ■* ■* CO CO (N r-{ Ol Tjf (M rH rH -• CT> in oi rH ^ "5 c3 rH rH t- CC o I- -n CO CO t~ in CO in p^s M O -n -* -t< ■^ L— L- CO in 00 CI 03 o o Ol t- Ci L— CO rH Ol Ol Ol CO in md >H H •* r-{ r-{ ■* o Ol rH CO Ol rH rH Ol o C50 CO O 05 Ol CT> in iH CO — ( o L- t- Ol o ■* CO ■* CO ■* ■* m CO o t- t- L- in rH S 'J3 QS t- i-i CD I 0) * - . Ol rH t- to CO b- CD 03 t- Ol CO o CO CO ■^ CO CI (T> o o -* t- L- rH CO rH •^ rn o or) CD Ol 2 a.i i Ol "O Ol CO 00 O O^ oq_ tH O^ CO CO tH -* oi_ C5_ <■, O *J M ID O Ol 03 t- CO CD ■^ tH -* CO of CN rH I-( 00 Ph Ol rH 05 s M rQ T3 ^ Jl a O lO o >o o lO O in o in o in o in P ^ 1 rH rH Ol Ol CO CO in f in '4 CD L- i- ri f* <; S -J ^t^ lO r\ 1 lO 1 o X in c^ m C^ in o (S rH r-\ Oi Ol CO CO ■^ •* o lO o CO L- 242 England's Recent Progress. HUDDERSFIELD. Population (Males). Population (Females). Kcifistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1801. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Huddersfield . 75,341 79,585 79,585 77,738 ; 81,096 88,814 88,814 88,908 The district includes 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Huddersfield (woollen) 43,766 51,281 95,420 95,047 Golcar (woollen) 4,409 4,852 9,108 9,261 Linthwaite (woollen) 3,251 3,628 0,666 6,879 Meltham* .... 2,220 2,780 5,214 5,000 Honley * . 2,257 2,647 5,128 4,904 Holmfirth (woollen) . 4,149 4,828 9,744 8,977 Marsden* .... 2,137 2,233 3,855 4,370 Slaithwaite * . . . . 2,272 2,491 4,570 4,763 Rural parts .... 13,277 14,168 28,694 27,445 77,738 88,908 168,399 166,646 * These are urban districts with not more than 5000 inhabitants as to which no "occupations" sUtistics were tabulated in 1901. Hohnlirth is an urljan district with a very wide boundary comprising 7,590 acres. Appendix C. 243 a ^+1 >o ^ C3 iH lO H! 03 • C>T o CD iH C5 ^ lO o CO tr- 1-1 lO f^-^ ir lO lO ^ 1— ( lO lO tH "* CO io cq '^ o Oi CO 00 00 t~ -^ CO CM CM CM 1-9 "0~ 2S tH 00 CO CO CI CO CO lO o a CO CO t- tr- CO 1-1 02 ■* t- t- 00 o cq CO "O o lO CD io 1-1 CO CO CO ^ T*( T*< "* lO lO CD 00 C5 o L— CO CO cq CO o Oi lO CO o t- o 0-1 CM o UO o 00 UO rH CO CO t~ 1-1 C-l t- 00 00 o o C5 (M t~ o 'i* ^ ^^-- Ol 00 Oi CI C3 00 t~ t- iC lii "* co CO oq CO 00 r-l o 1-1 d CO o o ■^ TtH 3'i C5 S ti CO Ol o ^ UO 01 o o a •^ C3 CO ^ CO rt-s m CO CO o o ■o ^ CO o t- CO -* t- iH CO O 00 ^ o 1-1 CI t- ^ CO (M iH r-i 1-1 I:- tH CD noO CO CO Ol 1-1 CM CM >o ^ o >o CO CO ■^ T-l g? CO o CO o CO o 1-1 en cq en o o lO 1-1 01 -* CO CO tH -# lO CO o t~ t~ o o o CO lO iO 1-1 iH CM 2 t~ rH lO 1-1 CO 00 ^ CO 00 CO CO CO o o >o o lO o lO o lO o lO 1 1 1 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 o CD 1 t- 1 1 ce ^ o o lO o in o lO o lO o lO IC o lO g^ Q Ol CM CO CO ^ ■* >ra lO ^ o L~ L- J3 a CO lO CO ^ C3 CO t~ ■^ 1-1 °.2 "5 te 00 t- CO t- o Ol lO o t- CJ en CO o c^-^*^ en cq CO CM -^ o >o iH CD 00 (M O CO CO CO 01 ^ .J 2g o CO o CO UO CO "*< d CM en CO '^ en CO lO t- CO ■* CO Ol CO CO ■^ CO CO o o =* S t- tH ■* lO iC lO lO lO lO lO CO 00 o CO q2 »o CM lO —1 male pula- on, 881. (M C-1 t~ m lO (M iH o 00 t~ o iH CO o o 00 t- en o 00 CO t- CM o l>- o o 00 >o 1^ CO t- b- C5_ CO t~ rH t- 1-1 iH 9, 0) 0-*ir-( c-i o a^ 00 00 t~ CO lO ■* -* eo" CO (M cq CO ■* (>) r-i o d CO CM o a "3 (M t- *3.2 as CD • CO ^ tH o t- (M Tjl ^ CO 1-1 •rH r~ lO «-i; M -* 00 o 00 i^tH iH (M t~ t- 00 CO CM o o CM CM CO CO 1-1 iH Hi C<1 oT c> CO •n o t- CO iH Ol CO -* t- o lO lO 00 CM C5 CT CO c:5 (M CO o >n iH CO on CD C5 lO CO ^^ L- CO -* -* iO »o CO CD L~ L- 00 en en CM o «l o CM I:- CM T-l t- 'di OT CM CO CO t- o 'i* cq CM 00 C5 CM T-( rH o Oi lO 00 1-1 o CM ■* 05 CM o CO o '^ CO CO (M CM 1-1 (N co PM Q^ 1-1 Oi = l5"o.- tS u OJ— == O "O o lO o lO o o lO o lO o a eS AA 1 1 o CO 1 CO A. 7 p: 'O 1 lO 1 o 1 lO li ■o »< O i-( T-i OT 01 CO CO •^ -* >o lO CO CO L- t- s s 2 244 England's Becent Progress. STOCKPORT, Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Stockport . 54,135 62,748 ' 62,748 72,494 63,022 72,538 72,538 83,814 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, Ac. 1901. Population. Males. Females. Stockport (cotton) . . . . Hyde (part of) (cotton, engineering) Hazelgrove* (cotton, hats) Bredbury* (hat manufacture). Heaton Norris* (cotton) Cheadle and Gatley * (cotton) Reddish (cotton, engineering) Marple (cotton, bleaching, &c.) Eural parts .... 36,741 10,961 4,613 3,382 4,118 4,941 4,181 2,483 1,074 72,494 42,156 12,707 5,178 3,725 5,356 5,879 4,487 3,112 1,214 70,263 21,929 7,868 5,821 7,164 8,252 6,854 4,844 2,291 78,897 23,663 9,791 7,107 9,474 10,820 8,668 5,595 2,288 83,814 135,286 156,308 * The major portion of these urban districts was on 9th November, 1901, added to the County Borough of Stockport. In Hazelgrove, Heaton Norris and Cheadle numerous commercial clerks reside. In Bredburj', engineering, the cotton manufacture, bleaching, &c., occupj' a good many people. The district is evidently influenced by the residence therein of a number of Manchester men. Appendix C. 245 ' 1 .o CO CO CO CO >n - in CD "s e CO tH CM "* -1*1 CI tH 1-1 1-1 iH rH TtH - o y-t »-l 1-1 in 3 2 » to «i 1 CO 2S lO oo iH t- t- 00 o CO tH 00 o 00 ^ ^ 00 lO to o t~ CO t~ o m CO o C3 CO CO CO t~ CM CO CO ■* -*l ■<*< in o t- t~ 00 O o t- OS lO cq tJ< iJ tk t- 00 CO o -* CM o in ■* in CM t- oq t- a in Fema Popul tion 1891 ■>* in CM o 00 t- 1-1 -* tH a in 00 cq lO CO »n o t- Gi CO CO a o ^ o •* o 00 C> o t- t- t- t- CD CO in -* ^ CO CO CM iH CM CO CT3 lO t- rH irtH CO C5 o cq CD ■^ CD O CD CD og CO cq L- 00 CM (M -* CO CI iti CO o m t- CO CO iH ^ Tt< CO 1-1 1-1 cq CD C! CO s g m co »<=! o Hi t- ao c~ o iH C» t- o Oi CI CO c- in in CD cq O 5? iO CO CI t~ m CI a CI t- in rH i-l CO CM gs OC' CI CM CO co ■^ in in O CO L~ 00 00 t~ O fiS o iH in iH n-, =« - O CO CM iH CI 00 CO t- t- o Oi t- t- 1-1 rH 00 ii-S CW C5 Tjf lO CO C^ t~ o in CO o CM 00 r-l <3 O CO c3 ;; o 05 o "o CM O '^ »o CI rt< CI '^ a CO 00 in oq 00 -^-- 1-1 1- t- tr- CO lO lO Tj( ■"H CO oq oq iH iH cq CO 00 ^• " m Ti B 0-- o »c o io o lO o in o in o in o m a ':i 1 1 o o ^M 1 i O CO 1 lO CO >o i o in 1 in in 1 o CD 1 in o 1 o 1 in 1 o C3 '^ iH T-l CM CI CO CO T}H TtH m in o o t- Q CO CTi '-0 o 1-1 oi o CO ■^ in 1-1 O in 00 CO '^H o a CO ■ CI in t- =>§ 3 o >-H o ■^ iH o S to tH 1-1 CO rtS la , -* iH 3 • 1-i 'iH iH .-d ^ t~ o a CO CI iH c- 1-1 CO CI CO CO o t- 5*1* t~ 00 CO CO 00 Ci o CI t- ^ CD -* CD CO CI 11 CO CM CO ^ -^ tH in in in CO t~ 00 CO 00 o O iH CO iH 00 •* CM iH a CM >o t- t- CM t~ in CO m 23 o OS— CH CO C3 CO O tH >o ^ CO tH O Ci CO o a) o ^ O CD 00 CO CO 1-M CO CD o in o CD 1-1 CO ■* CO [in PL, o O CD CO lO -* T»< CO CO cq oq iH CM cq 00 CO (35 O CO CO (30 Tt* 05 t- in CO t- CO a C5 t- »o ■^n CO rH -* CO « «3 CO 00 iH a C» (M iH CM 1-1 CO (M O oq S to m • tH : : : : .-d iC CO CO o t- t- o L— en iH CO o o CO CM -? tH CO a >o co l-( CO CO CI L~ CI CO -* li CO CM CM CO CO ■^ ^ in in CD CO t- t- o" l-( CO iH rn «« - . CM CD o CO CI iH iH CO CI t- Oi o CO o t- t~ CI Ol r^ >o I-l o CJ CO o iH CO CM CO CO Ci in ^ E.S S CI lO -* CI ■* CO >n CO CI O ■* tH t- CO 00 CO -^g-- s^^ o CD lO -* •^ CO CO CI CI CI 1-1 iH 1-1 - i • • a a O "O o lO o >o o in o in o in o in iH r-1 CM CI CO in -* in in o c3 eS AA 1 A >o (i, o in o lO A in o S| ^ iH CI CI CO CO Itl •"»! in in CO 24(5 England's Ticccnt Progress. PEESTON Population (Males). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Population (Females). Census, 1891. 1891. 1891. 1881. Census, 1901. Preston . . GO. 331 66,893 66,893 70,624 68,838 76,648 76,648 81,607 The district contains : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. 1 Population. 1 Males. 1 Females. ' 1S91. ' 1901. Preston (cotton) Walton-le-Dale (cotton) . Fulwood (military) Rural parts 51,686 5,165 2,784 10,989 70,624 61,303 107,573 112,989 6,106 10,556 : 11,271 2,454 4,112 5,238 11,744 , 21,300 [ 22,733 81,607 I 143,541 [ 152,231 The county lunatic asylum at Whittingham contained in 1901, l,07i male and 1,024 female patients. The net addition to population caused by the asylum (by admittances in excess of discharges) was : — In 1881-90 .... 941 males ... 894 females „ 1891-00 .... 1,451 „ ... 972 „ The military in barracks numbered : — In 1881 954 men „ 1891 748 „ „ 1901 757 „ Appendix C. 247 C5 I-l -# t- -^ !J-. '^' 2 cc . iH ^ O C3 CO ■* 1-1 C3 S2 (D to . O o CO CO 05 1-1 CM ^ o CM ^S 3 CO t- CM 00 00 I-l I— 1 t- H3 o iH (M I-l .-d Q CO o ^ CM CM lO 03 -* CD L-~ T-l CO CO iH 5? o CO CM Gi CO ■o o CM Gi tH lO XO C5 Is; C2 CM CO ■* ■* >o o t- t- t- 03 o o CO «s o I-l I-l (M t- s^ . . CM C~ CO ^ >o oq I-l CM CO CJ5 o o 'i* GO 9. o c P..2S O O o CO CO 05 -* CM lO o I-H o 1—1 lO CO 00 t- I-l o Ol CO -* 05 00 CM t~ CO t- o fe(2^"' (M 00 (M 00 b- t- t- CO lO ■o o lO G5 L- o o C-^ CO CO "# >o o t- L- 00 00 CO 00 Q2 CO 1-1 t~ '^ lO lO o "O "O o lO o Ol -* CO O 00 -# t- CO 00 t- t~ CO CD I-l IC5 00 CM CO l,~ CO t- 5S..2S o lo C5 lO T-l CJl lO L— I-l '^ o o o lO ■* lO Ph CO 00 CM t~ t~ t- »o lO ^ 1* CO CO t- —1 ^ ,—1 c» o C5 CO I-l I-l 1—1 03 lO CO .-d O CO lO lO ^ CO o l~ C-1 o tr- iH ^ o lO •^ ^ T-i (M CO CO L- o -* L^ CM CO io CM (M t- .H CO CO '^d o CO CO o t~ L- 00 CJ2 O o o oco QS t- (M t~ ...^N_^ iJ i . . 05 -^ lO CM lO o lO CO 00 1— 1 CM 00 CM cn lO 1^ C3-3 C -< GO O CO 00 1-1 ^ t~ o CO CO O lO CO o lO a a.2 -JD lO ■* -* o o CO IO I-l -* o ^ GO CO aj t- "# P^Ph CO GC- L- CO L~ o >o lO '^ -n CO CM CM ^ CM CM 0! d -* CM in CO tH U3 a cq 00 8 °l a o ■Tl CM as 03 CO CD o CM oq iH '^ t* 2 To . CO L— CO CO CO f^'S S 1^ o CTi (M CO lO CO >o o I-l 2g o -J< CO o a t- O -H I-l -n -* CO CM O C5 5? i-H CM I^I rH L- -* CO CO 1—1 CO CO era Oi (^ C5 -* CO CO "* -* >o o O t- L^ L- L- I- L~ Ig 00 rH •H t- -h' lO o CO ^ »o 'il (M CO m CO (35 o t- 00 i-l CO CO CD ■* O CO CO CS OS O ■^ •* 00 co Ttl Ma Popi tic 188 CO Ol CO CO >o '* CO 00 ■* IM 00 o o lO o lO o lO o lO <^ ^ tH rH (M CM CO CO -^ ^ lO 'O o CO t- ?i 1 1 1 O O 1 o 1 1 o lO 1 o 1 1 o 1 in ^ IO 6 »§■ Q f-{ CM Ol *5 CO ■* -^ "O lO cy CO i- 248 England's Beccnt Progress, BURY Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census ,1901. Census, 1891. Census 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. ! 1891. '' 1891. 1901. Buiy . . . *Retransfei-s ) (deduct) . ) 61,645 64,797 67,002 2,205 67,943 2,247 1 67,963 72,608 ' 75,070 2,462 1 1 77,626 2,502 64,797 65,696 72,608 75,124 These are chiefly transfers from IlaAliiigtIen and Rochdale. The district includes : — Boroughs, Urljaii Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Bury (cotton, engineering) 25,915 31,114 57,212 58,029 Hey^vood (cotton) 11,722 13,736 23,282 25,458 Radcliile (cotton) 11,986 13,382 24,972 25,308 Whitefield (cotton) . 3,073 3,515 5,823 6,588 Ramsbottom (cotton) 7,513 8,407 16,726 15,920 Tottington (cotton) . 2,765 3,353 1 5,775 6,118 Rural parts .... 3,969 4,119 8,282 8,088 67,943 77,626 1 142,072 145,569 Appendix C. 249 . •* CO in CM 'tH "?: Q O Ol 00 CM in 7-\ c o ■* CM Is . t- t- o -* rH (M rH t- >* 05 rtg O o L-- CO CD in rH • C5 • • in Ol •^ lO -* co CM -* CO rH • rH • 00 i-A . . 2S tH ei >c c^ (M in o Ci 00 CD rH CO CM CO CM 5? e4 "-1 o 00 tH C5 ■rH CD 00 rH 00 t- CTi CJ3 -* CO iH t- CM CO CO Tti ■* ■* CM CO rH male pula- ion, 891. t~ 00 OO lO C5 o CM o TJH 00 C3 00 d ^ O in Ol Ttl T-l t~ in CT GO in CO t~ 00 o rH CD t- -* CO CM rH rH t:- CO aths, 1-00. o O 00 t- o in in O CO o o o CT5 tr- in lO t- CO CO rH CO CO CO CO CO CM CO i£> o rH CO i o o lO CO o t~ T-{ Cl in in ^ in o n CM L— lal pul ion 891 t- o ^ C3 CO rH r-\ rH ^ oo GC' r-^ CM r/i -* CO lO t~ IC lO T-i o •^ CO CM ta> o ■* Oi ■* O CO Ph 00 t- t- tr- t- to in ■^ tJ( CO CM cq rH r-i o CM fN C3 o Ci 00 rH o t- GO CM 05 lO t- t- a> 00 CO 00 rH CM t- CM t- CM CO ■^ •o co CD - CM 05 CO 00 CM ^,o«^ rH 00 t- CD CD lO W Tjt ee CO (M ^ (M — 1 O 00 I-H I-H CM rH 5? i-H CO o CO L~ I-H CO O "* in CO CM in O t~ (M c?l CO CO tH ^ lO in CO t~ 00 CTS o r-{ fiS CO CM C<) .2 « . . to lO (M C5 o CO 05 00 CO o t- CO in CO C5 00 =8-3 C-S »C CO -^ ^ iH CO CD 00 t~ 'if o -* o ■^ o S^.2g -H CO lO t- CO 0-1 lO CM t- C5 tH 00 ^ CD L— 6hpl, I-H O o CO CO >o lO 'H CO CO 0^ CM I-H (M 00 e (M T-\ CD CM rH rH t- o 9 CO iH I-H CO 00 -2 .2 o • o !>1 o t- CD t~ CM C2 «§ X >o »o o "O T« o I-H ^ CO (N tnO CO IC CO t~ I-H '^ CO o o CM CO t~ CO t- -* tS? CO lO t~ C-l TtH C3 O Oi CO o o iH -<*< CM CO o\ (M CO CO CO O o o t~ t~ 00 UO in CO o2 ^ rH (M •r-t lale pula- ion, 891. T-l -* -* 00 >n T-H t~ CO CO 00 -H in CO o CO v\ CO ^ CO CO r-l ■* CO CO (M CO 02 CM CO o (M en t- C-1 CO CO "# -* CO CO o CO t~ ^ CD ■^ '^S"" 1-H CO CO o lO ^ "* CO CO !M CM tH iH iH CO S '— ^ rOTi la 0-- O lO o lO o lO o lO o in O in o in a '-' I-H i-H 1 1 o o 1 : o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 »n 1 o in 1 in in 1 o CO 1 >n o 1 in 1 o i-H iH c-i CM CO CO '^ -# in in CO o L^ L- b Q .5 lO CO o§ o 'S'rf C2 t- 00 CO 00 o CO CO c-i CD -* rH CO P^g CO iH a 00 ^ L~ -H ^ t~ in r-\ CD o 1-1 -* Tt< ^ Tt< lO CM CO oi in CO mO Ol C-l lO O CO o CD I-H t~ (M t- CO CO o fRfi"^"^ CO t~ t- CO CO CO »o ■<* ■^ CO CO (M CM iH (M 00 s t~ CO og a iH C5 S2 CO o 05 L~ CO CD '^ r-^ >n o o CD CD CO o -* co CD -H o -* CD lO o o CO co in CD in CO alls O rH CD o 05 CJ> Tt* i-H CO Tti o ■* o CO CO CD CO -* o CO Ol r-\ t- CD CO iH 00 CO o^ CO L- T-^ SgS. CO t- CO CO •o K> •* CO CO CO o o »o o lO o in O in o in S3 ti ri>A 1 in A CO 1 1 O 1 o in 1 m in in 1 o 1 m I- c^ <3 c3 «« '"' C-) (M CO CO -^ -if in in CO o L^ "■^^ 252 England's Recent Progress. HASLINCxDEN. Registration District. Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. 1881. 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. Haslingden. | 45,464 48,869 j 51,882 ' 54,459 49,829 ♦Retransfers 1 (deduct) ./ 3,013 48,869 2,914 51,545 54,539 1 57,951 I 60,764 3,412 I 3,299 54,539 57,405 * The principal retransfer is back to PiOclulale. The district includes : — 1901. Population. Boroughs, I'rban Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Accrington (engineering, cotton) ; 20,528 1 Rawtenstall (cotton) . . . . i 14,617 Bacup (cotton, stone quariying). 10,613 Haslingden (cottou) . . . . | 8,701 ' 54,459 22,594 16,436 11,892 9,842 60,764 38,603 29,507 23,498 18,225 109,833 43,122 31,053 22,505 18,543 115,223 Appendix C. 253 ^ c t- O <•-< 52 cq -* °s O) CN 3 g b- t- -* 00 a 00 Ol ■* rH o in t- CT5 3.^ t- t- CO o CM rH oq CO CO t- CO m rH Hi co CM CO r-i 1-i r-{ rH -* r-{ 2S CO 00 C~ lO rH CO CO CO Cft o 00 o CD C CO :S? (M o CM t- O o Ol CO i-H CO -* CM lO lO CI ■g-^ ■* rH CM CM CM CO CO CO rti r)H lO o o CO rH «2 CO '-' Oi male pula- on, 891. 00 ■>* O o CO ^ t- C5 o CO CO lO ^ CO CO t- CO tH CO t~ CJ3 t- lO oo lO CO CO >o lO o 00. .-H_ C5 00_^ o o_ CM CO rH CO_ CM t:- CO 05 ^ &&-- CO -o" U5 »o lO >Cl •^ •* CO CO Ol Ol rH 7-{ rH 00 CO d CO OS lO (^ Q rH CO S- o rH CM oq (M OI CO co ■* -* "O o o rH t- OS -* rH Cl «ig-^ tH ct> 00 o CO CO ■* TH >o CM lO CO o a CO CO t~ in ■* CO 00 ■^ ■* Ol I:- -* CO CT> o CO 00 ■<* 3o..2S »o o CM >c iH o Ol t- Ol CO 'if rH -* rH <, O -u rt •^ lO lO o lO rH Tjl CO CO Ol Ol rH rH r-i T-{ CO i-i CO s • • 03 03 0.« O lO o »o o ■O o VO o XO (3 lO O O t:- P 2 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 lO t o 1 1 o 1 CO 1 t- 1 1 rH CM 01 CO rtl ^ lO >o o o t- -: o O »^ (« (M CO "§ C (N C-l g1 o o ^ o o 7-{ CSl CM Ol lO rH rH CO ID SO m IC C3D t- o o Ol Oi o t- CO o rts i-i rH CM CO rH 7-H c^ f^ Hi r-{ xtl CO o iH CO ^ I:- CO oq t- CD 00 ^ Oi CM o U5 rH S QS CO rH C31 ■si^-^ CO CO tr- t- o CO >o Ol CM o CO t- ■>*( CTl Ol CM CO t- Ol CM o t- co -n cc >o CO lO -^ rH rH CM 00 rH t- Ol o CO rH in CO S.P-^'-' io >o >o -* -* CO CO Ol CM rH rH rH rH lO i-H CO ri ■ss 03 • • S as l| • tX CM Ol (T> 00 t- rH (?> CO lO CO o ifi rH t- CO o Ol o CO CO lO in Hi Ttl ■* CO rH Ol r-i CO Ol Deaths, 18S1-90. lO ■* 8 rH lO CO iH rH 00 T-{ o CO 00 Mai Popii tioi ISS •^ >o lO CO^ CO CO ee rH t- Ol o c- ■>:H o CO 00 >o TjT •* •>*< co" CO oT Ol Ol rH rH rH rH o CO a , , , , , , '— ^ 1^ -- - o >n o >o O >o o lO o >o o lO O >o 66 1 C-1 CO 1 ■o CO 6 3 I 1 lO s L- 1 •■T o M iH rH CI Ol CO CO •^ ■* in iO CO L- •254 England's Recent Progress. KEIGHLEY. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Census 1891 •District. i-ensus, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Keighley . .29,054 32,903 82,903 36,259 32,067 36,3.36 36,3.36 41 , 204 The district includes : — 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Keighley (engineering, woolleu) . 19,758 21,806 35,012 41,564 Bingley (part of) (woollen) . 7,092 8,290 14,631 15,382 Haworth (wooUen) . 3,-346 4,146 7,045 7,492 Rural parts .... 6,063 6,962 12,551 13,025 36,259 41,204 69,239 77,463 Appe7idix C. 255 .5 ^ ■* T-H C5 C-l CO C5 CO ^ t~ 00 10 CO CO oq ■3 ■* CO L~ (M c:5 ■^'B C6 tH gs (^1 ta iO . oq 00 e35 -*( J ■* >o oq I-H t- oq ^ tH IS to o c:5 rt *"• 05 q2 (M rH CO 1) A ■* CD 10 T-H -* CM CO t- oq t~ oq 05 oq CO II.2I •<*< (M Ol CO CO C5 tH 10 00 CX3 CO t- 00 00 ^ t- CO CO C3 CD rH 00 -:H t- 10 CO C3 CO t- CO CO Co" CO co" CO oq" of of tH r-{ rH rH m s -* T-H T-H 10 00 oq lO t- rtH "S 00 CO t- 00 oq rH rH -* ■*^'^ •X) C-l tH CO "3 g . CM Ttl lO 05 t~ t- CO C^ CM rH 3 rH Ol rH -* t~ ^ t- T-H 01 »o -n oq oq oq t- CO Ttf CO CO t~ T-H 10 a CO L~ CO »o CO c* •-< m r-H r-i rH CM oq oq CO CO ■* ■^ 05 CD S s> QS rM CO o~ CO 10 00 00 C5 oq 'Jji 00 rH ^ oq ^ -— r^ * I- C5 rH CM 00 CM oq CO CO CO 00 rt< 00 5 lis CO CD CD t- CO_^ rH t- CM rH t- CO 0^ 00 oq 10 f^ p-^rH cf co" co" CO co" co' oi" of oq" rH rH rH rH rH cm" Ph Tj< ^_^a M rO '^ Is o-s IC IC >o »o 10 >o lO r^ ^ 1 1 CM 1 1 CO I CO 1 t 1 10 1 ■0 1 i "? 1 ! 3 c3 12- 00 10 10 lO 10 10 lO rH ^ CM CM CO CO ■* Tji lO CO L~ ^ t- CO CO rH t^ OT .^ 00 >o cq 00 10 rH CO 00 a cs CO iO rH CO lO .ij.2 "5 cs tH cc ;h » s ^3 (A • rH 05 CO 05 00 CO 00 CO >* tH t- Hi T-H r-t toi: =■ en CM ^ rH iH CO CO rH r-i CO 00 .c oj T-H (M CO CM rH rH rH ^^ rtH CD t~ 05 ■* c3 ^ Ol (M (M (M CM CM C-1 oq oq Ol CO CO co r-t S=e G C-1 CO male pula- ion, 881. o> 10 00 CD T* T-H »o CO "*< ^ oq 00 >o m CO CQ CO a 05 10 >o CO oq 00 CO era 00 lO CN (M T-H t- cq Ci 00 CO CO rH t- rH 00 i:^-- CO CO co" co" CO CO of c-1 rH tH rH T-H T-t T-H d" !.i a -* CO 05 00 00 Oi CO Tit CO »c ■3 t~ tH >o CO 05 •* •^ oq CO (M rH 05 Is t- a> m tH M CO 10 oq tH »*H 3 i-H rH 2'§ CO CO rH 10 t- lO oq CO -* oq »o oq 00 L^ t~ CO L- CO CO 05 -* t~ CO 10 t^ rH T-H r-H rH rH T-H 01 oq oq CO CO CO CO CO -*i 33 CO ^ QO CO CD y.— ^— ^ «i_— CO rH t~ CO t- (M t- CD lO 00 Q >o CO •^ t~ -*( CO CO CO C3 CO CO TjH 00 •^ en 00 CO CO cC j; 5 ?^ CO CD lO (M 10 01 00 CO »o CO oq t- ■>*< r*. *^ i— 1 CO CO CO CO 01 CI tH rH 7-1 T-H tH tH CO PM CO ^• ^— ^^-^ to "tst "^ ^ rCO « ^ .-- "O iC >o 10 10 >o "O r^ >H |ii T-H T-H 1 1 1 1 CO 1 CO 'Si t 10 1 "? ^ ^ 1 1 -^ OJ 00 10 in 10 10 "O 10 ft T-H I-H CI o\ CO CO ■* ■* CD CO L- •25G England's Recent Progress. MACCLESFIELD Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 18S1. 1891. 1891. 1901. ^lacclesfield . 28,970 27,816 1 : t 1 1 27,816 ; 27,202 ' 33,043 32,508 \ 32,508 j 32,152 The district includes :- Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. i Females. 1891. 1901. [Macclesfield (silk) Bollington (cotton) . Rural parts .... 15,886 2,432 9,384 19,238 2,813 10,101 36,009 5,335 18,980 34,624 5 , 245 19,485 27,202 32,152 00,324 59,354 There is a county lunatic asylum in this district which in 1901 contained 324 male and 418 female patients. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was — lu 1881-90 „ 1891-00 264 males 42^ „ 269 females 356 „ Appendix C. 257 c re lO ■5 c -5 CI CI It ''" o CO I-l lO CD rH on t- en 1*1 CI -t! CO CO •* CD 00 r-l CD CO t- m CO 1-1 in • q2 to r-t iH I-l T-l tH tH T-l CI CI CI CO 1*1 ■* CI rH 00 »n male pula- on, 891. CC lO 1^1 c- cfi CI t~ -* lO CD » -* t- CD a> CD CD t~ o 01 rH CI 00 CO O L^ T-H 00 CT in in t- O tM tH CO ■^ Ol x> CI L- CD 1*1 CO o t- T-* ^2--^ t~ CO CO CO -CO CI CI CI CI T-H rH rH '"' '"' T-{ 5 T:?§ . 00 o 1*1 on X in Ttl CI CI Ci 3 OS • o 00 CD CO Ci CO 05 00 CD CI CTi ^ t- 05 Ci CD lO rH ;^ -* CO 00 CD I-l CO o «o CO CO ■* T-l CD rft Ir- o o CO CI CO o O rH CO 00 CO ^ (M ■* on CI in 00 CI o Ci CD rH Ci tH T-^ iH I-l CI CI CI CO -<*l - o 00 m ^ •>*( >-> •o o o lO o in o in ^ in a c3 .-H T-H ! 1 o o 1 o CO I CO 1 o lO 1*1 i i6 lO 1 o CO 1 in CD 1 o in 1 o c3 ^ P T-l C-1 CM CO CO -H Ttl in in CD CD t- t- 3 ^• CD o § a! • CI "art o o lO CD t- ■* 1*1 T-H O CO rH CD in Oi CO « CO CO n o o CD in 00 1* CI O 00 CO -<*< o CO •^ lO CO CI rH rH t- c» oTo ■* -n o CO ^ 03 iH oo CI o CD o in ^ en CD "*( ■* 00 o o CI CO CD rH in o rH Deat 1881- Oi T-H I-l CI CI CI CI CI CO CO i*< in CI -* ^H rH CO , " 1 ^ male pula- ion, 881. 05 C3 rt* t- t- 05 00 00 CI T*! 00 00 CD 05 ■* c» ^ tH CJ CD t- 00 t- ■»tl ■* OJ in 1* rH in in 05 oo lO CM oi_ CD_^ CI o^ 00 CD in CO o CD_ CO -* CO CO CO CI CI ci" tH I-l •* -i d '3 o : : : • '• : : : 00 : •>* (M s -* ■* o 00 CO cq r-i CD CO If C5 CD tH "* iH C5 'O o t- in in t- 00 rH "O r-l CO •* CD GO CI L- rH CD CI L- lO in ^ T-.^ iH I-l rH iH iH CI CI CO CO 1*1 tH t-l ^i cf rH to OD CO CO CO I-l i-H o in C5 t- CO r-t OJ CO 00 lale pul ion 881 »o 00 C5 CT> o 00 o C3 m t- Oi CI 00 o t- ■<»< tH o CO o o ■* •^ ■* co rH o in o c:^ CO CO CO CM CI --* — t '-' rH rH ^ rH 7-t rH 00 CO c , , . . . , . ^"S-2 zz. ° o »o o lO lO o lO o in 1 a e3 T-( rM 1 o CO 1 o -fl o It! 1 o in 1 in 6 1 1 -3 1 in g^ p T-( 1-1 CI CI CO CO 1*1 -ti m in •j:)8 ]ui(jh(n** o c-i 5? CI 00 CO -* L~ CM »o 10 00 (M CO CO t~ '^ r-l T-l tH I-l CM (M (M C-1 CM CO CO 00 Q2 ^ Ml * CO 10 CO 10 CO a> CO 1-1 CM CM t- rH rH ^ CO CM rH 10 Ttl ■* •^ CO CO ^ 05 tH 00 CM 8 OS r-l CO ■* •^ CO '^^ t- "O CM L- CO co'co (M CM CM o eo CD >o t- m Ml CO T-i t- Ttl CO i- L~ CO 00 L- 10 t- Ol T-l L- CO iH GO CO ■<*l co rH CO L~ CO C7i 00 »•.:"-< L- TO (M CI CI ,—4 iH T-l rH rH rH C3i (M s -;? ts 10 »o iC >o s >o s 10 ICJ c} If iH 1-1 CI Ol CO CO T CO ■^ CO t~ L- fi 66 i-l U3 A() Juigland's liccoit Progress. KIDDERMINSTER. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Census, 1891. I Censtis, WOl. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. District. 1881. 1S91. Kidderminster 19,562 19,149 19,149 18,782 21,380 ; 21,985 21,985 [ 21,987 The district includes : 1001. Population. Boroughs, I rban Districts, Ac. .Males. 1 Kemale.'J. 1891. 1901. Kidderminster (carpets) . 11,168 I 13,-513 24,803 24,681 Stourport * (part of) . 1.170 1,611 3.504 3,111 Bewdley* .... 1,340 1 . 526 2,876 2,866 Rural parts .... 4,804 5,. 307 9,951 10,111 18.782 21.987 41.134 40,769 * The.se places are l>nth of them urban (iistricts with less than ."ono inhabitants. The other portion of Stoiirpon falls into the residue of tlie county. Appendix C. 261 ^• in ■30 c3 ■ CI Z.S ala (N 00 ^ CO cc CI CO CO t^ •^ in CO (M Til 10 t:~ d L- rj< in CO r-l in M CO T-H CO ^ CI 00 1-1 --( 8 ^ ^^ _l t~ Ol CI Ci CO CO CO t~ L~ 00 00 00 CI CI in t~ CI CO -# ■<*< 2s C5 '-' I-H r-l tH ©5 CJ 00 eo o2 CO CO 10 Ol ^ M) 10 CO ■* 1.0 Oi r^ CO CJ ^ t- CO mal piila ion, 891. 03 lO -* CO >o 01 C5 in in 00 CI t- to 00 tH Tft ■* ■* CO t- -* CI r-t C5 00 t- CD Cl rH « p*>r^ IC c to t- 00 00 Oi CO 10 t~ I-H in m OS II Ol tH r-( r-( I-l CI Cl t- ■^ tH CO «*„-_; ■^ lO !M JO CI t- CO 00 CI 00 CI ■«ti i- CO 01 1~ «3 CI CI C1 CI t^ rH CO CO t- t- 3a.2S CO !M CO ■* 10 -* CI tH 00 l- in in o_ -* ^o«^ in (>? o c 10 in m « iH »* r-l * r CI ■* -* 05 00 CO ^ CO r^ X in 00 CO t- 00 on (-15 (Tl C2 05 r— 4 CI in 00 CI •<* 00 =»^ on rH r-4 Td i;§8 gs 1—1 eo 1 oi -^ CO t- CO iH C5 C5 tH tH CO CO t~ o 0-1 C1 CO tH C5 00 CO rH CO * -- 'H iM (M tM CI CI , — 1 T-- .— . r— 1 T— ( t~ f*PM d c 00 CO "o a C9 • • CO ^2 s C5 00 00 CJ tH rfl t- t~ GO CI Oi ^S t- «o C5 ■* CO ^ ■* 7—t -* •* ^ CO lO ^ CO *l Tt4 t- 01 10 ^ -* CO CO Cl CO p-i CC 00 -r -M 0^ -f CI 00 L-- CO -sC S-l C-1 CI *"• "^ 1-H '"' '"' in Cl S . . . . . . . . . . CO !,_ 5 1 lO >o 1 10 "O o rH b- rH CO CO ■* no rH Ol 00 rH rH rH (M oi (M t- rH OS CO male pula- ion, 891. lO CO Ol CO io o (M Ci Oi ■^ ^ 00 CO lO ■o 1 o 1 lO 1 O 1 lO o t- 1 >o 1 o r-( O) o rH o 3 o oq CO 00 t- -* CO lO CO 29 tH 00 o CO lO o o 03 00 (M (M rH o CO lO CO tr- QJ OJ C3 o rH o? lO O o o o rH ^—^ rH rH r-i i-t (M CO «s rH CO male pula- on, 881. 00 CO io Oi rH t- (M ■* o CO rH CO CO oq r-i co bTo 05 lO T*< 01 o 05 (M CO H^ 8 L— lO o CO L— I- t— 00 C5 o o C-1 CO CO CO rH CO Ol rH rH r-l T-< i-i Ol cq 01 lO -* s«> PS i-H Male opula- tion, 1881. t- to tH m CO CO CO CO «5 CO (M on o lO CM tr- CO s ■* (M O 05 CO CO CO ■tH CO ■^ Tt< Ol ,_4 .—1 rH rJ P4 s U3 «2o O CM io g lO CO O lO s lO lO s lO '.O o o I- <;l C9 C9 ^ "*< ";> "? V 'O t- 264 England's Becent Progress. LEEK. Population (Males). Population (Keniales). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1 1891. ' 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. i 1891. 1901. Leek . *Retrausfers (deduct) 15,226 16,218 18,422 2,204 20,314 2,580 16,012 17,187 j 19, 325 1 2,138 21,553 2,350 16,218 17,734 •• 17,187 19,203 The principal retransfer is that of BidJiilph back to Cougleton in Chesliin The district includes : 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Leek (silk) ...... 0,920 8,564 14,122 15,484 Biddulph (colliery, iron, engineering) 3,193 3,054 5,290 6,247 Smallthorne (colliery, iron, engineering) . 3,201 3,062 5,279 6,263 Rural parts ...... 7,000 6,873 13,056 13,873 20,314 21,553 37,747 41,867 There are numerous brickmakers, ^c, in Smallthorne, the total in this class equalling 11*9 per cent, on working males. It would seem that the mining interest in the district is nearly as powerful as that of the silk manufacture. Appendix C. 266 u- M «§ c t- . r*l rH f- ■* CO 11 O o 8 in CO I;- 00 CO 00 lO S 00 CO (35 CM if O 00 o CO o CM CM CO CO O t- 00 00 1 05 eo b- rH rH O O o o O-l ■* tr- a t- CO r-l rH rH rH tH rH rH rH rH rH in qS rH eo male pula- ion, 891. to t- o -* Ol CO tr- CO CO in t:- CM in 05 in in rH eo •* t- ee r-^ CO in rH t:- ■* O CO t- (M a> «0_rH^ o_ °V 00^ in CO r-i O^ 00 t- t:- in ■* 00 t- 5^(2"^ io'<>) tM iH rH rH ^^ rH J-i • 1:- o S 3) 03 CO as CM (M tr- 00 CM lO , ■^ ^S 3 i-H r-i CM "S CO 00 CO OJ i-i CT3 CO 0<1 CO •* CO CM C5 o 00 5? t^ O O o o a o (M in I— •rH Q o rH rH 1—1 in 05 li rH o cm" in •Sic^- COCO o o CO o rH rH CO tn CM CO in (M (yi tr- t- t- CM t:- •* ^ n rH CM ■* C^ 01 o\ rH eo ^ mO t- m m Oi Ttl 05 O £? 00 CO CO CO CO CO 00 C^ o rH CO lO Of) CO rH (M r-* r^ tH rH rH in O fiS i-H CO ,— '^-.s o o CD CO 'J* ° t- ■* t- iH -* CO CO -H Q CO CO 10 ra 10 •* T-l t- 10 00 CO Ol tH «-l 3 c-i OI oq i-i iH tH o OI t- :2? ^ t- CM 10 en OI Ci cr> »o C5 l:~ ■^ -^ ira O •"SI o m fl c3 Age end ceu tH r-( Ol CM CO CO ■^ -+I 1 1 1 1 1 C3 ^ 10 lO 10 lO 10 10 g4 Q T-l '"' (M Ol CO CO -* -iH CD CD i- i- a "S3 a" 00 CO tH 01 CO ta CO C5 CM CD 10 • CO ;i^ !3 iH CM oq 10 n C5 -* CO a . o iH CM lO tiTo 05 t- CD -»< CD t- CD t^ tr- 00 05 ■^? CO L~ t~ t- t- CO CO t~ io CO |o3 q3 r-l tH 1 — 1 I— 1 -H CO lO of t- lO ^_l ^ OI 10 00 CD 00 ^ CO 10 CO LO CO C2 CO t- 3a.2 38 CO »o CO OI CO OI o_ 00 t~ L— CD ^ CO -^ CO _ai ■>-' i-i T-H T-^ P^flH iH d irt t- •"H ^ 00 tH rH , • CO \n CO eo • tH ■ 3 CO •H iH ll o tH P. CO rH r-( T-l iH I-l A , , . . tn O'O 10 ^ 10 10 '^ >o 10 fl eS tt'H a 1 tH T-l C1 01 -M 7 '? CD i c3 ^ -< 5-3 ii 10 1.0 >o lO lO »o 10 f^ Q i-l i-M '71 5^ cc) C9 -*< T^ .9 10 V V r:- 3 2ri8 Enghind's Bccctit Progress. SADDLEAVORTH. Population (Sfales). Population (Females). Kegtstratiuii District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1891. 9,310 2,284 11,594 1901. Saddleworth . *Retransfers (add) 10,693 10,868 8,928 1,940 10,868 8,106 11,606 1,917 10,023 11,594. 8,912 2,205 11,117 * Transfer back from Aslitou-under-Lyue. The district includes : — I'rbaii Districts, Ac. •jnl. Population. Males. Females. 1891. litoi. Saddleworth (woollen) . 5 , 874 6,446 18,484 12,320 *Spriughead ■2. 23-2 2,466 4,754 4,698 8,106 8,912 18,238 17,018 springhead is an urban o lO t~ CO CO rH CO CO CI o 00 CM rH CM CI H- OS (/J t~ CO >c in -<*) CO in '*., f^^ (M 1-1 rH rH ■* rH ^ °.2 •s o • CI na tr- CI CO X t- L— CO CM o io CO o CO CI lO o Ttf -* tH CO -# •^S - CO rH _rH CM rH rH rH rH rH oTo ^ L~ CO CO O X iQ C- CO o rH -* CO X rH 5? [~ CO ■ lO CO t- rH CO ■rt< ■* o X o rH y-i tH CI O) OS rH oi5 - : CI r-( CO CO C5 CO CI rH -* »o CO -* o in Oi o 00 o CO rH X CO CI X 135 CD r-i ■* CO t- ■* lO Mai opu 189] 00 aq 01 rH tH o a L- CO in in ■* CO Cl ■<* t- (M r-l i-H 1-H rH rH eo Ph tH e ra T3 O O o lO o lO o lO o lO o LO o o «>c53 1 1 o o CM 1 CI c6 CO >6 CO 1 o >o •>* 1 o O lO i o CO 1 lO CO 1 1 in 1 o 3| rH »H oi CM CO CO TtH ■^ lO ■o CO CO t- Q „• to ^ = § o 05 lO ■* rH o o o CO Tji CO CTi X rH CO a> CiO cr5 CO C3 en CO CO »o CO CO CI -* «a ^ Ol rH rH o iS i« oi X CO — L~ CO •^ o rH X c- rH M< o> •* CO o L^ L-- L- t- t~ X C5 o C1 ■>J< ■* CO L~ <-H T—\ rH CO lg C^ male pula- on, 881. OCM o 01 rH o CI g CI CO CD CJ ■* CI CO CD ^S3^ CO m r—i CO Tjt t~ O X C-) rH t- t- CO CI C^ C^ CO CO CO CO ■* ■^ CO -* t- I^S-'^ CO tH *"* '^ '^ ^~' rH d oS '3 • tH o ^ 00 o »o lO CO o t- o 00 rH t- CO -* 05 lO CO 05 rH o X CO CO CO 00 CO CM CO rH ^ tl 00 Ttl o rH O ss - CO ,-H Tl)* CO c» lO tr- CT 00 » to n (M o Ml CO CI CO «s o o CD CI rH CT CT o^ rH I-H m; ? tr- 05 CO o en ■^ cq to o "* CO f-, iH •* r^ £V -* o ■^ o CO lO 00 CT CO rH CO ee CO CO ■* ■* TtH ■* lO lO lO o CO o CO 03 «S OS t- rH s r-H T*( CO C5 CI t- o CO o ^ t- CO 00 m o rH t~-* o CO ■^ co ■^ CO CI CO 1*' CT T-i CO rH Tj( >0 CO lO CO o t- o CI lO o CT lO o CO CO T-t iSfi-" 00 r-l o a on CO »o iO -* ■* CO CT I-H CT CO o CO o lO UO CO ^ o CI CI 1-H I-H CT 1-H »o rH OQ O CO tr- o i-H CO CI tr- tH ^ c^ CT •>^ CO o CT CO io ^ tH '^ 00 CO o »+< tr- o iH CO CT ■* CO •o o o t- L- 00 00 t- CO t- fiS CO rH t- "5 2 o® G3 lO (T) o o o o CO "-0 00 CO en 1* tr- o C- CO CO o o CO o CO 00 o CT CO o CO o lO CO CD CO o t~ 00 CO tr- o CT o 1-t CT Pk 03^ o o 00 tr- CO lO o ■^ CO CO CT CT CO C-1 ^ iH rH rH . — • — , g ^■3.2 o »o o lO o io o lO o lO ^ "O o lO tn fi cS cS ^ 1-H r-i 1 1 CI 1 CI 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 1 lO 1 lO 1 1 CO l- tr- o o 'O o o o LO o lO f-) lO o lO o lO &I ;S iH '"' C-l CI CO CO ■* tH >o o o CO tr- tr- "1 a -f CO CI -H o o rH t- o o CO lO tH ■* o T-H rH T-t S cS (^•a- . • to ^ . a CO lO tr- rH 00 .H tr- tr- CT 1-^ GO (M tH rH '-^ 1? iH -♦< (M o o C5 CO CI Ir- tr- -n ^ C3 lO o -fl o CO CO -* CO o era CO L^ o L— t- I— ■^ Tfi CO CO TH tl 'tl Gi oi CO T-\ cf ^i - ■ O Ttt c-i o ^ CO tr- CO ■o rH CO o iC «D 01 CO 00 tr- CO t- I-H CO C3 ■* r-i lO -n iSfi^-^ t-o Ol t- U3 »o -* -* eo CO CT 1-H iH I-H rH g 00 m o o uo ^ o t^ CD CO °.^ O "^H 00 * I-H rH • S to o CI o CO o lO o MS s ■ • • • CT t- t- CT o , r^ •^ CT CT CT CT 4? -n CO lO CO CI t- a CO ^ o »o ^ L~ o ^ ■n CO T-H lO o CT (T) I- e3 Ci o Ttl -* ■* o lO CO o lO o »o •-I lO «2 CO rH o . itTco" 00 8 CO 00 ■* t- CT »o >o t— CD o> CO Tf( rale pul ion, 881. ry> ■* CO t- CT t- 00 in O lO OA rH CO 01 CI o l- o o CO o o lO CT ^^«M qo cT L- o o" o o •<»< Tf< « CT T-H I-H T-l s •St! 3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • M 0-g © Ift o l--? o »c o 1^ o »n Q "5 o \n ra-d 6^ -f f lO '^ T t7 tp 5 3 o 10 t- 10 t- CO I-t iH (M CM (M CI CI cq (M CO CO •^ CO (U 0& OS •* l-H 00 Slog CO 05 ■* ■^ i-H CO CO t- 05 CO •* T»t t- CO 05 -* CO cq 00 Hi CO I- -* '^ GO 00 'Jt IC t- l^ CI CO >o tH 10 oq ■>*l CM Oi >o CI Oi ■* CI CO 10 00 ^£^" GO Co" CO >o Tt< CO CO CI cq cf rH rH 1-i rH 0o 01 05 *o t- ■* t- CD CO CO CI 1* 03 •^ 00 Ci t-H lO Gi ■* 00 C5 CO t~ CO (M T-( l-( cq d (M c^ CI CO CO -* •o CD 10 l~ t~ CO Tif r^ 03 'tl CO CO CM ■* t^ CO rtl t— c^ CO GO "3 S oS CO »o 01 CO CO tr- CI »n kO CI 00 CO t- rfl o«-i 02 >o >o 10 ^ ee CO CO CI CI -H rH T-< CO p-l I-l CD jj . . CO ^»-. a »o in irt 10 lO in >o 12^ 1-1 rH 1 1 CM : 10 1 CO 1 CO 1 i 10 1 10 1 10 10 1 CO 1 10 CO 1 1 10 1 I-< (M 01 CO CO ■* -* « 10 CD CD t- a d CO 00 01 1^ CO t~ CO t- CJ5 CO l-i C-1 -*l CO C33 (M Gi cq 00 -* t~ in M3 m • CO ■^ . iO CO 05 >o '^ rH CO a »o in -^ a, CO CO lyi ■* >-( CO CO t- ^ CO CO <-) .2 01 CO .. ■^ t- CO ■^ 00 T-l 'it T*t Oi CI cq CO t- CO 10 CO mal pula on, 881. CO 05 05 rH ■-I 00 10 CO t- 00 CM rH •<* 10 tH CO *1 o_ t- t- 10 CI t- o_ rH o_ * oq rn IM CM CO t- . tH CO a oq fM 01 CO 00 • • CO CO iH 9 a en , tH iH t- Oi Ttt «s 3 CX3 t- cq y CI oTd l- •^ CM CD CO iH 05 t- 00 CI •=? t— rvi 00 05 05 Q no CO 00 1-H •H< 10 I— ■* 11 (M (M iH iH CI CI o 10 iO 1 m c g ■<; 5 I-H r-t CM CI CO 1 t 1 1 1 CO t.~ 1 1 10 S^ 1^ 60 10 lO ■c rO "O 10 a t-l r-l CM CI QO CO -H -^ 10 •Q L- L- - 21[ l-'iK/lcdurs h'rrciit 7'/('f//vs'N". W.\ I.SAL T. Kegistration Uistrift. Ceustis, 1891. Population (Males). Census, 1901. Population (Females;. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1891. 1901. ISSl. 1391. 1891. 1901. \Yalsall . . -42,144 50.867 50.367 59,070 41,903 49,745 49,745 59,537 The district includes : — UXil Population. Boroughs, I rban Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Walsall (saddlery, iron, engineering,! metal working) . . . .1 42,639 43,791 71,789 86,430 Darlaston (engineering) . 7,651 7,744 14,422 15,395 BrowTihills (part of) (colliery) . 3,437 3,055 4,582 6,492 Rural parts ..... 5,343 4,947 9,319 10,290 59,070 59,537 100.112 118,607 Appendix C. 275 «M _■ QO ^ CM CO CO O o rH CO CO CT o s '^ o CO r-i Hi o »o CI CI o CM 1-1 7-1 T-\ ^ Hi CO Hi CO o o t~ o o Ol CO O o Cl rH Hi CI Hi Hi ■* CI CM L- CO ^_ 00 CO rH t- j->. Sfi-- cf o i-H cT lO >o" Hi CO CO CM CM CI rH r-\ ^-\ rH C3 CO ^ o o CI crs t~ rH ^_l °.i OS o CM 00 Hi CO CI s ta ■ tH 1-1 Hi lO kO CO d -* CO CO t~ CI lO H-; '^i cn 3 >* o -M o CO o o rH o CO CI CI ^ 9 CO o o rf\ Hi L^ CM lO CO ■r-\ O Hi Hi lO CO o CM CM CM cq CM CO CO CO Hi Hi O O rH CO o;2 o rH ^ ^ »^ „-^- t- CO -* t~ L~ t^ CO ,—1 CO GO O GO O O Hi O CZ) i-H CTl O rH iC GO CM Hi CO o t- m CO O Z:, lO O -* t- Ci CO o Hi O t- co rH CO Hi Pm O O CM o lO lO Hi CO CO C>T oq CI rH ^ T-\ rH O - . co' ls'o-5 o lo o lO o lO o »o o LO ^ >o o >o
2 rH i-H CM CM CO CO Hi Hi lO lO CO CO t- t~ s s O O lO o lO o lO O lO o lO cA 1 1 o "" iH CI CM CO CO Hi Hi lO lO CO o t~ . °§ O o o CO co = rt n O o o o t- CM c::! -> o t- O 00 L^ o t- o CM CO t- o C] CT3 tH iH CM T-\ rH cs - . o O o CM lO CO CO CO t~ rH CO CI CI CO lO 13 1 ■ '^l c» CO iH rH r-\ CM Hi o CJ5 rH CO o CO (M rH CM CM CM CM CM CM CI CO CO Hi o CO a3 CO o2 ■^ GO ii :« . . 00 I? o I-l CM Hi O O ^-\ Hi rH CO iO O o CO CTi -* "O CO 05 CM Hi C5 »o o CO o CO o — — - X) tH CO 00 00 CM o r-\ CO CM rH 00 Hi rH c:i Hi rH :^ c +- ^^ t~ CO o ■^ •* CO CO CM CM CI rH r^ rH o -^Ph tH IC ^ oi „. o CO o O Hi lO CO o Hi = 3 O CM 1-1 S ?! % So W5 O Hi t~ 00 CO CI o 05 M HI ■!-\ Hi lO CO lO iH rH hJ .^ = t.~ lO CO CO CM CO Hi ^ Hi CO R t~ O >o .0 CD o 00 d O CM O CO O Hi Hi o CI 00 CM rH iH CM CM CM CM CO CO Hi Hi Hi o CO li ■* cT X» O -H CO tH lO t~ CO CM o CO Hi O rH ^H CO Hi ** "^ —'.-I o o CO CI o CJ o CD 00 lO >o Hi Hi CO rH o S3..2 38 L--:t< CO L- o^ L- T^ o CO ^^ CO lO CI C3 00 o <^ 'Z, -^ r-^ t- O o -* Hi co" CO CM CM CI T-\ T-^ ^—\ CI .H lO s rt'o-S o >o o »o O lO o »o O o o >o O 'O T-H rH CI CM CO CO Hi Hi >o '? CO o L- L- ii lO C^ lO <^ lO o >o c^ >o cA "O o Q *"* rH CM CM UJ CO Hi Hi >o lO o O L- •276 England's Ihrcnt Progress. DO NC ASTER. Population (Males). Population (Females). Repistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1 1891. 1901. 1881. ' 1891. 1891. 1901. Doucaster 27,043 32,138 32,13S 42,763 26,809 ■ 31,343 31,343 41,069 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Males. Doncaster (engineering, railwayi ^^ g^g service) . . . . . ' ' Balby with Hexthorpe (eugiueering,\ ^ ^^^ railway service) . . . .1 ' Mexborough (colliery, glass) . . 5,551 *\Vheatlcy 1,626 *Bolton-on-Dearne .... 2,108 tCouisbrough 4,-528 Rural parts 11,092 42,763 Females. 14,584 3,271 4,879 1,954 1,720 4,021 10,640 41,069 Population. ISOl. 25,933 4,270 7,734 1,795 1,205 4,499 18,045 63,481 28,932 6,781 10,480 3,580 3,828 8,549 21,732 83,832 * These are urban districts witli less than 5000 inhabitants, t Kural parish; in which coal mining has largely developed. Wheatley and Balby must be deemed to be dependencies of Doncaster. In Conisbrough and elsewhere there are collieries. Appoidir C. 277 CO L~ lO -> ^ t- -« CO L- L- ~ _• L- CO ■^ CI L- — 1 CI 01 -H 1 — 1 ■■— '■* .— ■M , — 1 LO -* "M ,— i '^ iH CO II i ■* ^ to" • 59 00 CO CM 00 t~ CO t- 10 CO rH rH tr- •* rH (M C-1 T-i CO ■* CO t~ 00 ■* 05 ■^ •* CO 05 r-l T-^ rH rH rH rH rH rH CM oq CM CO rH CO Sci OS CM rH CD '— '^-^v male pula- on, 891. CXI X t- 10 CO KO -# CI t~ (M r- Cl rH CO 01 t~ CO CO CI CO t- CO ■^ Ttl -H CM 00 lO C5 CO CM CO ^ Cl (jj CO CO r^P-^'-' o CM (M Tjl iC CO fr> rH -* -*i CO CO ■* r-l r-\ rH r-^ rH rH 01 cq CI CO CO (DO OS CO r-f t- CM t- CO rH •* t» CO Tt< CO 05 Male opula tion, 1891. r-l 00 ■^ CM CO 10 CO CJ Cl t~ c:^ -H 10 rtl 05 C5 CO CO 00 CI L~ •* C5 Cl 00 <>) CO CO CO CO CM (M CM CI T^ T-\ y-l rH 'il ^ 1-1 ^ ^■3-2 10 »o 10 u? 10 lO S r-l r-l Ol (M CO CO -* -* »o 10 CD CO c- t~ S ^ <;SS 1 1 1 10 1 "O lO 10 « T-i rH CM o CO 00 00 CO CO CO 00 t- CD rH t- tH ■* (D 0-1 CO Ttf 00 rH 00 en CO CO CI CM t- ilii TJI L^ (M -* CM o_ t~ "O -* T-K 0^ 03 L~ ■* C1 CO CO CO C-J CM CI 1-^ r-i 7-\ rH fii^ CO 2.1 « IC iH CO iH CO ■* tr- CD T« cS r-1 cq CO 05 CO -* CM '5 CO rH P tS i^.s." CQ CM 00 00 ^s >! -* 2" 2 •^ ^ rH iC CO CO CM t~ en rH CO CO CI t- Cl ■s? r-{ rH CI CO "O CO t- CO I— f—t -J< ■^ rH rH rH rH r-^ CI CM CI ■* OS CM >o Oii - : CO 10 •^ C5 CM 00 t- C<1 r^ t- iO 05 CJ -H rti CO rH CO •^ Ol 00 ^ (» CO Tjl CO 00 t- Mai Popii tioi 1881 CJ5 t- CO (j5 CO T-< L- CO 00 CO C3 CO CO Ol CM Ol 01 ""^ r-\ rH T^ r-t rH CD CO p M *J*. 3 T3 C8 0| a;-3 2 »c IC "O s 10 »o '^JS tt — ^ rH r-< O) i>) -* rtl 10 L- c- a f- 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 Q 1.7 1^ "O .i c li^ R ^ CN CO rr ^ « t~ •278 K)iglafHV>i Bcccnt Progrcsi^. CREWE. Population (Males). 1 Census, 1891. Census, 1901. PopulatioD (Females). Registratimi District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1S8I. 1891. 1891. 1 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Nautwich . ii'.),077 31,833 31,833 36,787 28,383 31,2G5 31,'2Go 3G,2UG The district iuckules Tibai) Districts, &c. Males. Females. Crewe (engineering, railway i ^^ ^g. ^^ ^gg service) , . . . . I " ' ' "■ ' Xantwicli (bootmakers, tailors) . 3,G29 4,093 Rural parts .... 11,573 11,G24 36,787 3G,20G Population. 1891. 32,774 7,412 22,912 G3.098 42,074 T,722 23,197 72.993 Appendix C. 279 L- -M C-l -t1 L— rH _^ ^_ •*; — .~ Jo o o L- O CO ^- L- ** s a CM O 1^ p m . G5 CM CM rH t- CO ci fan o 0-1 CM lO t~ CI rH rH ^ CO CM rH 2 2 CM T-l CM o CM o CM CO o -s< CI CC t- CO <5 LO CI CM T^ LO CO t- o -* 00 CO rH CO C3 •"• tH rH -H S ^^ CI CI CI CO O^ •* «s CM rH "O «J. C5 C^ C5 O o C35 o -* rH rH rH cq CO CO 1-1 «d o 00 CO o t~ 03 ^ -* cc CI CO 00 -* t- Ci .s o C5 C5 C2 rH CO ■^ CO 00 o -* GO CO 00 7-^ o lO rH rH CI CI CI CO CO o o_ Q2 o CO CO t]- 1 cS ^ <=> lO g^ O iH rH 5i CM CO ^ rtt »o lO CO CO t- I— 3 ■* t-i '" 'ce CO °l C •'— -1^ s =e o Ci CO rH 00 lO CI CO rH o 00 o rH a> bi en (M o CX) o CO CI ■* 00 GO CO CI >o s «§ >3 ■^ 'ii ^ CM o a,--- •>* l~ o O ■^ ^ CO rH t~ t~ CI CO s CD CI •St L- O c) ■* LO LO lO CO cc CI CO o 00 g ce •-* CO rH -H — 1 rH 1 — ! 1 — 1 CI CI CO C30 goo C2 ^ -* O 00 00 t- rH lO o CO t~ 00 o t- CI CO Ci 00 00 T*) Ci C2 o C-1 •r CI C5 m o -* CO ?D O o CO t- CO o^ t- CO -* CI o a t- CI o E cu-2oo ,») O *^ rH C5 -^ CO CO CM CM CM ^^ 7-\ 7—\ rH y-t rH X ■^fe CO ^ CI CD CI 03 -21 o m e? «> CT5 CO CO o CO t- cc rH CO Ci Cl s S to w o iC -*l CO CO O o n CI T-K 1-t o CO «q q ^ CM CM CO CO T-^ ^^ CO << '"' CI w"o 00 t^ CM CO 00 CO rH t- t- Ci CI rH o r-{ o s? L— rH CM CM CO •^ lO t^ Ci CI CO o 2 CD B^ CM rH 1-*. rH rH rH rH rH rH y-\ CI CI CO Cl d 4^ X •^ fiS (M to (M 00 CO o 00 rH 00 C5 t- CO ■^ CO c> c~ 2R s »0 'M l~ CO o 00 CO CO rH ■^ I- CI -** o d CO o L- (M o LO^ ^^ L- CO LO CO o^ ~ l- CI ■^ o"-t<" co" co" CO of c-f '"^ T^ rH rH '^ rH CO S tn rt'o~ '« S «r3 5 c o r-l ■o o 'O o LO o 'O CO "2 o 'O §i ttc S 1-H r-l ci 04 CO CO -* -91 i-O •o CO 2 t- L~ -*; a » oi 1 1 o ^ c^ 1 'O 1 o 1 1 o t ji p t2§^ Q 1-1 Ol Q\ CO CO -# -tl lO o o CO L^ •J80 EngliUuVs Recent Prof/re.'ifi. SAVINDOX Registration District. Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. Censns, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. ipni. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Swindon i , , ^.-.q „„ „„„ (sub-district) 1 l^-'^^ 20.393 20,393 25,895 13,358 18,3.35 18,-335 24,471 Tlie district includes : — 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 19(J1. Swindon (engineering, railway service,)' carriages) . . . " . . f Rural parts . 23,087 2,808 21.919 2,552 33,001 5,727 45,00G 5,.3G0 25,895 24,471 38,728 50.3GG Appendix C. 281 K^ o o o CM O CO CO O lO CO 1 CO en rH in I— -ti 2S '*-* 5£ — lO -* o CO r-\ o ^ s o So a • ■ 1 c^-T . 1 CI (M *s c r-l CM CO -*l «ro CO CO C3 C2 o o R o m CO CM CI en CO CO 5? o o o t~ nn o o T—l CM CO CO CT C:> o2 5i rH rH rH 7-{ rH r-t CO t- o o L~ -* -o iO •* -* 7-i CJ5 L- c p..:s« o cq C<1 CM iH I-H tH rH rH fcPM «H "J C iX) t- iC -H CO o o CM t- CO o t~ CTi t- -* 7-i CO rH CM ° o a ^ Ol CO rH "2 a rH 1 sg CB 00 -^ CM CO CO ^! CO CO 1? t- tr- o ->* o -* r-{ o t~ ^M rH O o CO S CM io t- 00 00 C5 o r-i T-l C-l CM 1^1 CO C3 -^ rH rH rH rH rH rH I-< pS ^ o Oi CO rH iH t- ^ :5! "S s ,3 "* CM C75 CO o^ ^ CO ° 5 a I-t K> O -* CO O "3 '^ rH CM rH lO CM o M 3 rH -* ■* CM »r= 1 —1 O o o o r-{ C3 rH CC -* CM o 03 (M 2 '"" ? Ol O L- cc CO CO t~ CC CO CT! O rH CM CM o -f ^ r^ CO CO S2 -^ (M — ^— N 5j^ - • O t~ CO rH L~ o •* CO CO o O C-) r~l CO rH CO ^ CO -* cr- l- 'O in CO O o CO CO o o CM O '^ — - yj L- -f o If; CO GO t- in rf( CM ^ CO 'O "M rH rH rH ■M _- — *— ^ »j<- 5 • >t3 'O O irt o "O o >.o o 'C o lO o in o in i ?2 :— 1 iH (>) CM CO -rH 'tl in in o L- L- < S o C^cA o 1 o "O O J, o in o m (^ in 6 in Q. ^ t-t i-H t>) c^4 CO CO •«Ji -* •o o cy t~ ■■- P 1 •2s-i /•!)itif(i)iis. TILBUEY, Registration District. Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. ISSl. i 1S91. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. 1881. 1891. Census, 1901. Grays Thurrock (docks) Rural parts 7,560 10,788 6,274 9,124 18,348 15,398 Orsett . . 1 9,309 15,106 15,106 18,348 7,171 12,204 12,204 15,398 Tiae district includes : — 1901. 1 Population. Males. Females. 1891. ; 1901. 12,397 14.913 13,834 19,912 27.310 33,746 The influence of Tilbury Docks has apparently extended considerably beyond the limits of Grays Thurrock, so that only about one-third of the total population can be deemed rural in a true sense. The numbers of military and of persons on board merchant vessels were : — In 1881 . . 266 military . . . 446 on board vessels. „ 1891 . . 81 ,, ... 908 „ 1901 . . 130 ,, ... 665 There were in training ship, reformatory ship and industrial school ship : — In 1881 775 bovs. „ 1891 1,063 „" „ 1901 1.207 „ having naturally a large influence over the migrations of young men. Appendix, G. 28;-^ 2 CO CO 00 tH rH "T "Sg "# 10 CO Cl CO cl CO y—\ ■3 CO (M (N rH CO li £ ^ . 1 <0 SD 01 CO in -* CO 1 •* CI -* ■* rH aths, 1-00. t~ t- -« CO CO -* Cl rH Cl -*< Cl 1 in CO rH ^ CO -* ^ in in in L~ Ti cn CO OJ C: Q2 rH. male pula- ioii, 891. in t~ ^ CI L- rH 00 Cl CO rH ,_) -H -* OT GO ^ lO rH 10 CO a> Cl CO rH L- CO 00 L~0 CO '^ CO Ci 00 L- in CO CO Cl U O 4^ rH -* yi ,—1 rH CO fH?H T-H C3 'i* -* T-l CO 00 l:~ -* -* CI o § "3 CM CO t- S C3 T-\ II c/; t~ Cl y-\ CO G5 CO o in in in Q in in tec S tH t-I 1 1 C-l 1 10 Ol 1 CO 1 \n CO in ^ i in 1 m in 1 1 in CO 1 i in t- c3 ?3 1-1 T-l ■M CI CO CO ^ ^ in in CO t~ fi '^ L~ CO in CO T-\ rH ^ CO CO -tf •^ tH "o S 'S ^ '^ Cl 1-1 Cl Cl t~ CO rH CO rH CO _o CO '^ ■* CO Cl 7-\ -* pIs cT S to P^g q \n sg t- ^ CO 00 CO CO CO ^ t~ ^ Ci 0-1 ■* CI CO ■* ■<*< -, in OJ oo QS iH ,— ^- — ^ ■ CO L~ CO rH -* T-\ CO CO CO Cl ;:^ ^ ~ 00 01 L^ CO CO L~ '^f ^ rH CO rH tH rH o_ CO UO m ^ in '^ CO CO Cl Cl Cl CO CO Tjt ,-i 1-1 rH ^Pm i-H J-, 00 00 CO -* 00 t- -* M 00 05 00 **-• S2 .S CO CO 00 a GO T-\ T-i Cl oq y-\ => 3 cS »o_ tH CO CO Cl Cl rH CO Is ^^ CO 1-^ f^ oTd CO CI in Cl •r^ CO ■^ -t1 rH CO 1 S9 i2 CO "O lO in CO L- 00 C5 CO 01 Cl Sco «3 rH i>i _•_; L~ ic' CO L~ 1-- CO CO Cl L- S t~ C2 •^ in -* co CO CO Cl •^ 1—1 00 S i..£^ ,-H 'M '^ rH L~ CO in ■* •>*( '^ CO Cl Cl -* -* .. '- -» r', z -^'1 ■^ 1-1 iH rH CO fH rH ^ c ^ CO ■*^ '— S TS rO « 0- 1.0 in in m s lO in ^ '-i. o— s rH 1-1 CI Ol CO CO '^ "* in in CO t- L- CS « ii 1 i 1 10 i 1 in 6 1 in 1 1 in A 1 in 1 in Qj « 1-1 r-l CI CI CO CO •* ■»>i m m c_ CO l~ "■' 3 i284 KnfjhonJ's Ju'ccnt Prot/i'rsK. W O L V K HIT A .Ar r T N Population (Males). Population (Females). ^!^^'' Census. 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. ^^tir.^"""'^'.} ^2,9i3 77,365 77,365 85,-594 72,527 77,499 77,499 87,149 Dudlej- Stourbridsre 70,048 71,344 71,344 | 76,021 70,176 71,361 71,361 76,106 39,513 41,195 41,195 ; 46,269 40,105 41,629 41,629 46,213 182,504 189,904 189,904 207,884 182,808 190,489 190,489 209,408 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 19IJ1. Popula ion. Males. Females. 1891. 1 1901. Wolverhampton (eagineering,! metal trades) . . . ) 46,313 47,874 82,662 94,187 Dudley (metal trades, collierv) . 23,879 24,854 45,724 48,733 Willenhall (engineering) . 9,382 9,133 16,852 18,515 Tettenhall * (engineering) . 2,481 2,856 5,145 5,337 Heath Town t (engineering) 4,812 4,629 7,075 9.441 Short Heath % . 1,898 1,033 3,135 3,531 Bilston (engineering, iron manu- 1 factures) . . . . ) 12,020 12,008 23,453 24,034 Tipton (engineering, iron manu- 1 factures) . . . ./ 15,680 14,863 29,314 1 30,543 Rowley Regis (engineering) 17,380 17,290 30,791 34,670 Sedgley (colliery, engineering) . 7,813 8,138 14,961 15,951 Quarry Bank (engineering) 3,484 3,428 6,732 6,912 Kingswinford § . 9,865 9,671 17,832 19,530 Brierley Hill (engineering, irom manufactures) . . ./ 5,974 6,068 11,847 12,042 Stourbridge (engineering, bricks) 8,044 8,258 14,891 ! 16,302 Lye (engineering) 5,452 5,524 10,105 10,976 Amblecote X . . . . 1,523 1,605 2,876 3,128 Coseley (engineering, iron manu- 1 factures, colliery) . . . / 11,265 10,954 21,899 22,219 Rural parts .... 20,613 20,682 35,039 41,295 207,884 209,408 380,-393 417,-352 * Engineering only employs 11"1 per cent, of working males : the place is a residential suburb of Wolverhampton. f Otherwise WednesfleUl Heath. i Lrban Ji-itriuts with less than 5000 inhabitants. ^ ^'ot an urban tlialiicl. Appendix C. 285 i«5 l-i 2"g Q2 « oSrH Ah 0)7-5 •< m o O) 00 CO iH JO 00 00 in iH O CO ■*! O -* Ci iH 00 00 C3 o tH id CO in to I- t~ ^ t- -* t~ CO CO 00 lO no •<*( O t~ o O lO 01 iH Ci lO CO CM o (M o 00 o 00 -* - CO CM i-l ^ o in I I o o »n o, CM .-I ^ «2 » o C5 CO tH CD (M CM :> 'ti 00 o t~ r-l O t^ 7i o tH -* o CI tH CO CO CM in CO O in - ? SB tH CD CO J5 S,.2 -£ Ph -' = u t T •280 Eti gland's Beccnt Progress. POTTERIES. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 18S1. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 19H. Stobe-on-Treut Wolstantou . Newcastle- "1 uuder-Lyme ( 51,801 38,058 17,724 60,105 41,518 19,129 66,555 42,007 19,316 76,292 49,205 20,275 52,487 37,407 16,937 61,354 42,134 18,406 68,561 42,593 18,597 79,130 50,340 20,070 *Retransfers i (deduct) . I 107,583 120,752 127,878 7,126 145,772 8,194 106,831 121,894 129,751 7,857 121,894 149,540 9,295 120,752 137,578 140,245 ilaiiily ivtransfeis back to Stone di.st)ict. The district includes Population. Boroughs, I rban Districts, &c. Males. 14,950 FemalfS. 1891. ifiOi. Stoke-on-Trent (pottery) 15,508 24,027 30,458 Hanley (pottery, colliery) 30,497 31,102 54,946 61,599 Longton (pottery, colliery) 17,207 18,608 34,327 35,815 Penton (pottery, colliery) 11,190 11,552 16,998 22,742 Burslem (pottery) . 18,700 20,066 31,999 38,766 Tunstall (pottery, colliery) . 9,579 9,913 17,112 19,492 *Kidsgrove 2,358 2,194 3,841 4,552 Newcastle-under-Lyme (pottery, &c.) 9,713 10,201 18,452 19,914 -Dudley (colliery) . 7,169 6,514 12,631 13,683 Rural parts . ■ 24,409 23,882 43,296 48,291 145,772 ^ 149,540 257,629 295,312 Trban district with less than 5000 inhabitants. The districts which have not been organised as " urban " are densely peopled in many cases, and a leading industry in them is coal mining. Appendix C. 287 c tH t? — cS T-t o t- m CO -* o LO 01 ^ L^ CD Ol o H< 01 S CM CM o t~ CO o CO o L— rH CO c:; CO L- «= Hi tH T-{ iH TJH CM CM CM CO CO rH 1^ (M «rd O t^ in 00 t- rH CM lO f~, CM t- CO CD rH LO 01 o o ^ l~ CO CO lO co CO -# O t~ lO lO -* o o tr- CO CO CD o rH a-t 05 m '"' '"^ rH CM CO CM — ■ — , male pula- on, 861. 00 t- cq r-i '^ GO io •* ^ CM r*( o o rH -* (M 05 .-( CO O t- •O O >o 'J* CI o ■* CO O CM a> CM 00 lO LO iH -* tX o C2 00 rH ■* ■* t- CM tH ^^"'^ t- to lO ■<* CO iH Ci CX) CO lO >o -* CO CM ■* 05 ■* T-i rH tH rH rH CO rH _: •^ o <*-« ^ o >o • °3 CD o t- (M CM CO 05 lO <3i tH CO CO CO t- t- iH tH o 00 o CM o • rtr o t- -* rH CM CM T-t CM rH C3 S Hi (M ^ t~ ^ ^ o L— 00 o CO ■ CO cn CO CO lO t- 00 CO L- o C-5 CO CM CO CO rH -* o o H< o ■* -* lO o t.~ CO o rH CM CO CO CM ■* CM fi2 1-H rH rH rH T-i rH T-i CM ^ D.5 - • b> -^ CO i-H a GO ■* »n ^ lO -* CI CO no GO rH CD CO o •^ CO CM rH o (^ CO t- 00 CO lO CO CM "3 s o ^ o ■* >H ^ CO CO ■^ CM CM CM CM in CO 00 -fg-- o o O -* CO J—^ a CO L^ CD »o ■* CO CM CO 05 ^ r-i rH iH tH y—^ CO s rH to ■*3*l-< 5 HI CO It of tious Gai L- o rH S2 ' • CM c:^ o o o -* CO CO o rH rH t~ CO « M ' =g 00 '^l o rH rH rH can CO o o Ci ■* rtS o o CO ^ ^ CO lO T-i rH CM -* 00 iH in cc o lO o o CO IM n CO CM cn CM o ■^ H< CO X o CO '^ O CM lO t- -H lO lO O CM r-t CO >o iO CO o L— L~ L~ t- CO d o r-^ o CM s» o5 I-H rH r-{ CM CO ,— ■■ — , male pula- ion, 881. *— 1 CO C-l CO CM CM t- CO -* 00 CM CM R Gi 7-t CM oi o CM CO CO o CO CO TtH lO rH o in t~ ■O tH CO -* ^ CO rH t- O '^ t- GO rH CO CO^ a ^^^-^ CO CO -* CM o' Ca CO o o LO -* CO CO CN CO Ol Tj( iH tH 1— t rH T*l rH c 131 CO t- 00 »o rH CO <=> 3 O rH Resu Migra _ -^ CD o -* O lO 00 CM in -* rH CO CO -H CO t~ o CM rH ^ o lO t~ t~ CO ■* co o CO L~ 00 o r-t !M CM CM T-t 01 LO OS I-l y-t rH i-< rH rH rH o lO CO -H lO o CO O l~ CO 00 rH L- ■jD -* lO 'itt CM o c:5 00 t- o >o ^ CO CM CM CM ^ ■* iH iH rH rH lO P ,— - — . co-S o o O >o o >o o lO <~> lO o >o O lO riS'T3 y — 2 1 1 CM 1 CM 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 lO 1 CO 1 ^ ^T T o o "O o ■n o >o o >o O . >o o lO o ^ r— * tH o o CO Ir- ^ 28S E)ighind's Bcccnt Progress. COCKERMOUTH. I'opuliitiuu (Males). Population (Females). Ke^isl ration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 19 11. Cockermouth 28,473 ' 36,418 36,418 34,543 28,316 35,258 35,258 j 34,993 The district includes : — ■ 1901. Population. L rbau Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Workington (iron manufactures,! engineering) . . . . i ;Maryport (seamen, colliery) Cockermouth .... *Keswick ..... Rural parts .... 13,220 5,863 2,596 2,013 10,851 12,923 6,034 2,759 2,438 10,839 25,194 12,410 5,464 4,201 24,407 26,143 11,897 5,355 4,451 21,690 34,543 34,993 71,676 69,536 All mban district with le.ss than oUOu iuhabitaiits. The number of persons enumerated on board merchant vessels ■were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 85 181 324 Appendix C. m) * .2 iH s tn °l O sts 3^ 1 CO O ^ 00 o CM t-l o 1-1 Cl GO Cl iH o * OJ CO t- o CO ■>** -* Cl c^ cl o Cl CO t- 2 = =;^ too CM ■* 03 CO lO CO lO CO t- Cl t- iH 00 Cl £ 5..2§ Oiao o_ cq -<*< o CO_ CO 1-1 t- ^ CM o 00 >o CM ^S-- o TjT tH -* CO CM CM oq CM I-l tH iH iH iH CO tH t* . c "3 °| Is oj io • 05 >-l (M CM iH ^ CI -* lo 1-1 03 a Ol ■* lO P^r; cn o -^ O t- -* ■o iH CO o CD o CO O t- ^ C T-l 00 o C3 00 in ■O CO CO I-l Cl rH rH 2g >o lO o t- CO 1-1 »o o ^ '^ 00 ■^ C5 tr- (35 C* rH o CO CO CO CO ^ CO Ci 1-1 CO lO o Cl ee t< t- rH rH iH t-l 1-1 Cl Cl Cl Cl CO GO 05_ 0) Ci Q2 Cl •o" oS . . C5 C2 M o t^ CI 1C5 CO iH 00 Cl o o GO CO c- ■* 00 t-l iO 03 -* O CO o 00 CO CO tH CO 00 CO Sp..2S OI tH I- 0-1 O CI 00 w CI 00 -* CO o c- Cl CD_ th ira ■<* nT CO co" cm" CM cm" I-l iH iH iH iH t- iH tl 2 T, ■^=« 3 o o o o o lO o >o o lO o lO o o 1,3 'P ill T-H rH 1 1 o o CI CI 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 1 o 1 o o o o t-;- 1 o t-l "^ CI CI CO CO -* •^ lO i-C CO t- . c~ -* ^_^ ^ CO o CI L~ *o o Cl ^ -J^ .~ ■M r-i o t-l I-l CI Cl '^ o O 11 a to r-i P^S 03 o o lO o lO 00 o iH ■g=f CI t* CO CO t- L~ CO o Cl -t< 'O CO CO CO on cS --^ Ci t-l t-( 1-1 1-1 1-1 I-l CM Cl Cl Cl Cl CO cc Cl g<» «2 CI co" — -S -' i-< cT ^ ■o CO o L- o o CO o ■-I .-v| CO iH o Cl c^ o CI T CI -« CO o C5 cc o lb tl Cl L- i; 5..2 a CI rH '■n. o_ -o L- -Tl o_ o_ -* Cl <33 00 L~ ^„ L- '''i *"^ CI -ft cc "^ CI CI cP ^ '"' ^ 1-1 '"' o" -ti ^ :; 02 ^i '■« S fQ T3 rt ^ ■— o o o o ~ O o o o o o o o o H*^ 5 t— 1 r-H CI CI CO 05 3 '* o "? o CO t~ t- 6i iO 6 o ^ 6 1 1 o 1 ci 1 o 0) Q iH T-l '>^ Ol eo eo -* •* « o CO CO t- 290 England^s Becent Progress. BARROW IN FURNESS. Registration District. Barrow Population (Males). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. 1901. irrow inl 05 575 Furness ./ ^^'^'^ 27,273 27,273 31,494 21,684 i 24,4.39 24,4-39 26,092 This district is co-terminous witli the County Borough of the same name (engineenng, shipbuilding, iron). The numbers of persons enumerated on board vessels were : — In 1881 . . 379 „ 1891 . . 273 „ 1901 . . 228 The constitution by ages of the male population in 1881 gives evidence of previous immigration swelhng the numbers then aged 20-30. Appendix C. 291 c !.i ' rH M in 05 t- 00 • CO a •* rH C5 O "3"§ r-\ . ^ t- (M 05 CD •* 05 in eo t- on t- co CO 01 CO 05 i-{ in rH 00 rH rH 3 CD l-( rH CO rH rH tH rH 1^ rH CO in 00 00 cr> oq OJ a r-l t~ ■<*( oq t- r-l CT> 00 (M CI oi ■* CO 00 05 03 u; co t~ «05 rH i-< rH rH r-> T-^ rH rH oq r-l rH rH CO CO 01 ■* », =8 . . CO 05 -* rH cq CO t~ m r-l rr m CO in (Yl CD Mali Popul tion 1891 ^ 00 CTi C73 05 C7J co CO 00 -* 00 CO m 01 rH in lO 00 CO CO CO co" 00 of of T-{ oo_ r-l oq_ rH a CO ■* 00 in CO • • . ' • p< •Se 3 £.3 »n in in in in ^ in in «s 1 1 1 1 CO 1 CO 1 •>* 1 1 m 1 in 1 ■^ CO 1 'r T ^« in in in in in w Zi in 1-H rH (M CO CO -*< ■* in in CO CD t~ t~ ^ " c CO cq CO 9 • cq 04 |.2 rH £3> 00 rtg m C^ CD 00 t~ ■* oq oq CO 05 CO ■«n t- in r-l t~ CO CO •<*( -* CD CO 00 05 05 05 00 ^ oTeo rH CO 00 of of of of rH rH Ci t- lA <\ lA A lA ^ r-i rH CN O) CO CO •^ ■* lO c5 CD t- t^ u 2 29i2 England's Ueceni Progress, WHITEHAVEN. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Whitehaven. 30,100 28,799 28,799 27,448 29,192 29,164 29,164 28,094 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. j Females. 1891. 1901. Whitehaven (colliery). Cleator Moor (iron mining). Egremont (iron mining) ♦Harrington .... Arlecdon (iron mining, quarrying) Rural parts .... 9,447 .3,932 2,848 1,874 2,685 6,662 9,877 4,188 2,913 1,805 2,656 6,655 19,370 9,464 6,284 3,535 5,697 13,613 19,324 8,120 5,761 3,679 5,341 13,317 27,448 28,094 57,963 1 55,542 An urban district with less than 5000 inhabitants. Appendix C. 293 : sl C lO CO CO t~ o o t- 00 CO 8 C7i rH o rH o ^ s CO tH a> t- c^ 00 o t- r~i CO CD !2 Ms o t- CJl o ■* CM CI rH rH iH o S i-J in iths, 1-00. ■* T-i (M CI <-l 00 00 tr- ■"+1 •* CI in C7i O ■^ CO CO CO ■^ CO CM CO io 00 rH -n CO O t~ OD t-H i-H r-l rH rH rH CI CI CI CO 00 Oi oje. as 1-1 ■^ ^ lO CM ■* T)< o CM ©q CO Ci ■^t* „ in CO 00 ^ >Ci t~ CM -* CM 03 CO 00 t- tH o 00 Tfl t- sill oo» 00 CO O^ lO c» °°- »n tH CI rH OJ CO CI o f^eu 00 CO CO co" CO cq" iH T-{ i-H rH r-t rH rH CO c CI ^1 OS • CI O S2 rH ■* ■* •* >o CM OS ■^ O t- CO 00 CD in £ bo o ■^ Ol C5 00 >o CO »n tH 00 CO t- Mg s 1-1 (O o a> 1-1 CO ■* oq CM rH rH rH in lO (M o o CO in Oi CO CD CO Oi CO in Oi t- CM i-H (M CO Oi CI CO CO 03 C5 ■rt< I- a) in CI 01 iH 1-1 r-t rH rH r-< r-< CI CI c? CI CD o S oi o2 cq in -H * Til in in CO CO t~ t- 5 si oci> o O >o o lO o in o in o in o in Q. iH iH (M CM CO ■^ "* CO CD t- '•'- Q _: ll J S2 ■^ CI in Oi o CO in en rj* t- CO t- CO o CD s a >o CM Oi iH ■* t- C75 t- o t- rH CI t- 1-< •^ t~ kO o ■^ co C5 C5 rH rH CM rt K^ i-H in M O lO "* t- •* o CO 05 cq t- CO 00 CM CI ^ ■* •C '^^ CO -* co ■rH iO in CO 00 OJ CO t- o ^ (M 1-1 >-( rH rH rH rH rH 1-t CI cq C5 CO 00 CO o2 0-1 in CM lO L-~ CO CO t- 00 t- O in CO rH in CJi CD ^ CO o lO lO CJ i-i co rH rH CI 8 o rH O CI 2 3 Soo lO CO Ci (M t~ •■*< rH a> t~ in CI 00 L- CI t- C ft.2oo - — " -^ - « 0*=r1 o"-^ CO CO CM oq CI rH T-t rH rH i-\ rH CJi fHp4 T-l CO . d «- a ea O o o 1^ o c» t- CI 03 m Oi CD CI o in CO in ■^ t- «.£P CO rn -* 00 O Tt( t~ T-{ t- CO Oi •<*< ■^ CO Cl «a o CO lO CO t- CO t- •^ m CI T-{ CD_ CD is •* CO CO 00 t~ t- t~ t~ in rH S s ■rtf CO in •«*i CO -* >o CO L- m CI in Oi in -* CD i-H 1-t t-( rH rH rH rH CI CM CO CO t- ol CM in 1-1 aa CI y-^ i-\ CO t- in a CI n in in rH <"- C-! t~o CO CO >o CO on in C1 00 CO C3i r-l tX CO t- S 0..2 38 o o 05 CO Cl_ t- in 00 in CI O t~ CD 00 T-l IK! pwrt tH ■«*( CO CO cf oi" Cl cf rH T-{ 7-\ rH a ^^-^^^ in .J>" 3 TJ ^•^5 o >o o 'Q o 'O o lO O lO o lO o lO 'n^ CI Cl CO CO Ml -tl O iC CO CD L- I- 3 fs A^ 1 'O ^ . 1 1 'O 6 1 ^ 1 ■n ^ 1 m c^ s5' If) rH fH r;\ ct CO -ii "Ji "■) •0 V cc I- 294 England's Becent Progress, MILLOM (CUMBERLAND). Population (Males). Population (Females). Eegistratioii District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Bootle 6,389 7,623 7,623 8,087 5,836 7,254 7,254 7,806 The district includes Urban Districts, « o ^ '^ 'if CO OJ C-l iH CO o_ ^ p-k^rH A4 CM 1-1 rH cT s . • • • • >o 10 10 iC lO in ■n c8 g rH ^ CI (M CO CO ^ ■^ 10 10 CD CO t~ v~ cii 1 10 1 in 6 1 10 i 1 10 ^ 1 in 1 1 in 1 iH iH d (M CO CO "* ■o • • in iH CO ■* 01 5 5^ 5 ' CO t- 05 CO l- CO -*< t~ -* (N CO ■n CO 5? 01 01 (M tM (M CO CO ■* ^ in t- Oi d rH -^H i-i ®5£ o2 1-* «-^«-^ ■^ 01 00 10 CO 00 CO iH t- ■^ Oi 05 t- CO Sim 10 lO 10 >o 01 a 10 1-1 in tH to in i~ •<1< ic CO CD CD >o in -* CO CO Ol CM ^ 1-1 Cl c^^ 1^ O-WrH PM CI 00" ■ti*" 3 ^ C3 o-- 10 'O lO >n Q in in >H >-( 01 * «? "Q CO CO t~ •■- 3 296 England's Becenf Progress. SOUTHAMPTON. Populatiou (Males). Population (Females). llegistraliuii Districts. Southampton Census, 1891. 1881. 25,099 South Stoneham 19,! Ketransfers (add) 44,967 Census, 1901. 1891. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 26,461 24,348 60,809 26,461 30,690 i 27,890 | 29,002 29,002 i 30,629 24,227 i 38,853 ! 21,407 | 26,775 26,677 41,758 50,688 1 69,543 j 49,297 121 i 136 50,809 I 69,679 55,777 55,679 72,387 98 I 150 55,777 72,637 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901 Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Southampton (seamen, commerce) . Eastleigh (part of) (railway coach- 1 building, railway service) . . i Itchen (seamen, shipbuilding) . Rural parts ..... 50,558 3,943 6,274 8,768 54,266 3,836 6,823 7,462 82,126 3,613 8,234 12,394 104,824 7,779 13,097 16,230 69,543 72,387 106,367 141,930 Itchen must be deemed a dependency of Southampton. The numbers of mihtary and naval men in barracks. Sec, and of persons (including a few women) enumerated on board merchant vessels, were : — [n 1881 309 military, &c. 455 on board vessels. „ 1891 359 431 „ 1901 . . 1,994 ... 1,261 Tliere are deaths of persons from outside the town in Netley Hospital and the Royal South Hants Inlirmary. The ratios of deaths in those institutions to total deaths were : — In 1881-91 „ 1891-01 males 2-1 females (per cent.), •4-7 Appendix C. 297 'ti o GO o o •^ o o t- o o -* 01 m o CO •-f O L~ -^ ■^ Ol so o CO —1 t~ Ol HI C5 Si Is ■^ o C5 CO Ol L~ ■>*l CO CM tH I-l CM iH o o o CO T-i CO Ci o .H CD CO Ol CO ^ t- QO CO o o ^ I— '-^ >* L- o CO 00 o o .-4 Ol Ol CO CO CO TtH ■* -* in o iH Ol «S CO Ol o tH -H lO 00 CO CO o CO ■* CO Oi Ol Ol o in CO 00 rt-a -*-: CM -^ CO o Ol l- o CO CO o 1— 1 o o HI CI o >o Ol Cl Ol >n o t— 1 CO o Ol CO = C..2 >D ,tU 0-.irH t- CO o o lO ■<*l ■* ■* CO CO Ol Ol I-l tH CO CO &.(I| L- CO •tH 00 « o o rH Cf) CO CO CO o> ■«n t- 03 s Ol CO CO t- t- CO rH t- CM ■* Ol tH Oi eo o C5 T-l o> o t~ Ttl o t- o oq CT tH tH tH CD O iH CM tH T-l T-l tH 3 05 tH . tfS > . Ol ^ o '^l o t- t- Ci CO CO >n T)l t- CD CD J= = cr> 00 ■<*< o •^ CO Ol CO t- I-l CD CM o iZi 05 gs >H Ol CO ■* ■* tH ^ ■>* lO « o o t- CO q2 •<* iH ^ (M o CO CO CO CM 00 CO ^ 1-1 CO '^ 00 in Ol iH <» -^ _-_• 0 Ttl o o HI t- 3a.£S o o ^ L- CO Ol 05 T}l Ci t- CO o t- CO HI Hl i« O^rH cr o CO lO ■* ■^ CO CO Ol CM CM Ol tH tH CM 05 PL, .-H CD ■^ '^ ZZ •nTi o o o >n o in o lO o lO o in o in ° !S 111 1 1 o o Ol 1 Ol I o CO 1 LO CO 1 1 o CO 1 o 1 1 lO 1 o C8 ^ in p. 0) ■-H ^ Ol CO CO ■>* ■* »o in c^ CD L- t- s o Ttl CD in 03 « (M o iH t- o c tH o S eS 00 Ci - Ol o CD CO ^ CO CO CO tH >C L- co CD lO o CO 00 o lO L~ o ~* CO t- in O) Ol m T-l t- CO t- ^ t^ CO CO ^ in in »- r r- » p *j ,M iC CO lO lO •>* ■* CO CO CO CM Ol CM iH tH Ol HI fHPL, tH CD d CO 00 CT5 '^ CD b- -* ■* CO • tJI CM iH t-l T-l r-^ 3 S3 lO lO CJ o CI T-\ lO o Ol rtS ^ CO 00 o CO o CO I-l Ol l- o o lO tH iH r^ 1? Ol ■* 00 o CO o Ol -* CO tH Ol o t-» CO i-H ya ^ o CM CO >o t- C5 t-l CO t:~ o Ol Ci s^s CO i-< Ol CO CO CO CO CO CO -* •* rH iO HI 05 OS CO tH CO -. _ CO -H lO 05 CO .-1 UO >o Oi Ol Q t- t- o o CO « ^ --_; O -ti rH CO CO o Ol Ol ^ ■o ■n m Ol o t~ O Ol o o Ol o T*! o o -* o L~ ■rtl tH 00 o .^ p '5 -< CO CO »o iCi ■>*l CO CO Ol Ol CM Ol T-l tH iH tH o PL, I-l CO ^■ -— '*— ^ *i»-. s 'v'T3 O 'O o lO o "O o lO o »o o in o lO ^ ^ s Ol Ol CO CO -n 11 o ■o o CO t- I- c8 CO <\^ 1 iO 1 o 1 'O 1 o 1 c^ 1 1 o 1 ■n 1 1 c^ >n Qj Q T-l Ol GS C9 CO -fl ■»»l 'O 'O cy L- •-- 3 298 England's Bcccnt Progress. GRIMSBY. Population (Males). Population (Females) Kogislration Districts Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. j Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1 1891. 1901. Grimsby . . | Caistor . . ) (30,636 34,709 39,097 I 8,461 39, 912 1 7,66lj 32,085 131,113 39,629 { 1 8,516 41,238 7,815 34,709 39,097 39,097 47,573 32,085 39,629 39,629 49,053 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, itc. Population. Males. Females. Grimsby (seamen, commerce, fishing) Cleethorpes (seamen, fishing, residential) *!^Iarket Rasen ..... Rural parts ...... 31,329 5,853 982 9,409 31,809 51,934 6,725 1,206 9,313 4,306 2,497 19,989 47,573 49,053 i 78,726 63,138 12,578 2,188 18,722 96,626 * An urban district. Cleethorpes must be regarded as an extension of Grimsby, just as Dovercourt is of Harwich. The number of persons enumerated on board merchant vessels varied as under : — ■ In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 3,804 945 1,071 The apparent loss of males in 1881-91 is thus accounted for, Appendix G. 299 t— .-1 -^ •* 01 H< •^ C5 »0 en t~ I tH yj c m CO 0-1 CO >o ^ Ci L^ -* ^ tH •*-■ S o ■* w tH CI CO ^°1 05_ lO Oi_ Ui CI 05 °i. iH CD tH tH o_ 00 o_ eOTjT "■dT ■^ CO CO CO cf CI C? iH iH iH iH rH CO i-H >o e 'dl 10 00 (>5 t- CI >o 05 iH 05 C3 CO CI a ■gs o CD t- tH CO rH L~ r-i iH "H ^^ CJ CI CI CI CI CO CO CI 00 q2 CO iH t~ Male op Illa- tion, 1891. CO 10 t~ "^ o s" ■*^**-" s o 10 >o uo 10 10 3 ^ iH tH CI CI CO CO •^ ^ >o 10 CO CD t- 17 10 >o m ^ 10 Q in A Q iH I-l *< 05 CD t- i-H I-H T-t tH T-H iH iH tH tH CI CI CI 05 05 oco Q.5 01 lO male pula- on, 881. 03 -H CO C5 »o CO CO ^ t- CI 10 -* CO ■* 00 ^ Ol 01 •^ tH rH •* t~ CD CO CI ■rH t- t- o_ Ttl rH Oi ■^ CI * CD co iH 05 00 -* o_ ,3* p -S rH ^ tH ^ CO CO OT CI CI tH tH tH tH iH TtT ^|1h tH -* d CO rH lO tH CO CO CO iH tH •* k) tH 2S 00 (M CO CO rr, t- CO ^ no CI CI Cl 00 CI 00 >o CO CO tH 10 05 CI Ttt lO tH r-( CM CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CO 05 CD S 30 q2 CO CD ,_A._^ <^-c^- 03 Ol o t- t- .-1 tH t- tH CO CO ■* 00 t- ^ CO lO t- C1 CD IC ^ CD to iH >* 05 00 "* 5 « •* L— Ttl I-H >o CO t- ■* tH 00 CO rH o , m '0 rrj tH iH w "-^ 300 England's Eeccnt Progress. BURTON-ON-TRENT. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1S81. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Burtou-on-Trcnt 38,302 42,487 42,487 1 47,521 35,5G5 41,046 41,046 45,293 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, Ac. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1 1911. Burton-on-Trent (browinp^ Swadlincote District (colliery,) pottery) . . . . i Kural parts .... 25,737 24,649 ' 46,047 50,386 9,430 1 8,584 13,889 i 18,014 12,354 12,060 ' 23,597 24,414 47,521 45,293 83,533 92,814 The county lunatic asylum for Derhyshire is within this district, and contained in 1901 357 male and 309 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by admissions in excess of discharges from this asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 327 males 509 ,. 255 females. 344 Appendix C, 301 a o GO -* * 60 00 tr -t* CO CO t- I °i iH iH 3 =4 00 t~ lO O 00 a 5? Oi •<*l •* o o iH iH CO CO lO 00 CO o o iH rH I-l CM CM CM CM CM CO O C- tr- o t- (M o_ t- CO iH ^^ io '~l C3 CO tr-^ ,11 O-J r-l CO lO io »o CO CO CO CM CO cq ■<*( ^Pl 1-1 d CM t- Ir- 00 "sg ce lO (M ■>* CD O in 1 CO ■* CM CO CO • 00 ^ ^i 1 '^ c o CM io CT CO lO CO L— o (M CO rH mS rH I-l I-l iH C-l CM CM CO CO CO CO ^ -* o t- OS CO , o 03 o 00 -* lO c- CM o iH tr- CO iH » * -^ CD CO oq 01 CM 00 'O CM CO CO CO CD CO O Sals CO t- ^ 1-1 lO c-^ (M 00 t- CM 00 lO iH ou CO 00^ ^ O-^rt ■<*i m »o lO ■^ CO iH IH iH iH ^ Ph i-H lO E . . 1!^« O lO o >o o iC o lO o lO O lO O lO '^% S)1g iH i-l (M (M CO CO 1" ■* lO lO CO y tr- tr- -< s s > CO •M "' •5 ; 00 CO , . . CO t- CO ^■2 Is c o «o lO o CO CM o CO I** t- =5 & 8 o • CO lO CO CO iH iH • •^ rtS CO lO • iH rH • "H kI I-l (M tod Oi 05 ■»JI o CO co o J3* Tt( ■^ o oq CM CM o ■^ CO iH CO »o IH 1-1 1-1 O-l (N (M (M o CO -* CN rH CO CO M* oj rH rH rH 1-t ; ; S cs s >-> : o rH : o s^ 1 1 t- M< a rH CO 05 t~ 00 i-\ lO 00 CO CO o o 00 OO 00 a o CM CD o 00 •* S| rH rH rH rH CO Ml QOO tH CO £ C3 . t~ rH CO rH CM t~ 00 SftOg oo t- ■* 01 o O 00 CO in t- t- CI C-1 o in >-j m-d ■* rH •* O CO 8 00 rH CO CO rH ^_i in 00 5? L— O o o o o CM »o 00 o 2i o r-t rH rH r-< rH CM CO t- o2 ^ CO «i_— ■ t- i-H O o C-1 p 00 CD »o t- O rH CM in CO rH tH o 00 CO CO CM in •^ C5 00 t~ o o "cs 2 o o> rH GO ■^ o t- ■* CM o 00 t- CO in OT 05 r5 p-^rt 00 CM (>) CM Ol CM rH T-H rH r-< CJ s . . . c3 ^ O "O o lO o lO O lO O lO (-, in o in rH rH ■^ T lO lO lO o t- t- O O iO o lO o lO o ic!. O in A, in P< Q T-i rH CO -* Ttl O »o CO CO t- L- 3 ^ o 05 CO cn °o O rH rH CM p e8 «a Sg oq tr> rH CN CO 00 •* t- in CO o ^ rH CO CO rH CD CM r-\ CO (M o cn O o rH rH -^ 05 05 r-^ »o o e35 CM O t~ CO m 00^ >o ■* o o O >o O >o o >o o in o in CO a cs 3 ^ til S - -1^ S o 1 1 6 CO 1 o CO 3 3 1 lO CO 1 in « 1 rH ""^ CM C4 CO CO rti -J1 o o CO o L- L- P ao4 England\'i liccent Progress. LUTON Population (Males). Population (.i'emales). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census , 1891; Census, 1901. 1881. ' 1891. 1891. moi. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Luton Retransfers i (add) . .1 17,G95 20,238 19,920 23,408 318 365 20,238 23,773 21,805 2-4,018 2-1 , 247 371 27,7GG 430 24,018 28,19G The district includes : — liliaii iJistiicts, (Src. If.Ol. Males. Females. Population. Luton (straw bat manufacture) 1G,424 19,980 Rural parts 4,701 23,408 4,912 27 , 7GG 30,053 9,G01 44,1G7 3G,404 Dunstable (straw bat manufac- 1_ 9 900 9 or-i 4 513 5 157 ture, paper) . . . ./ -',-'■ -,' i ■ , 9,G13 51,174 Appendix C^ 305 « i cS ft: e-1 cr> Td -H 2. Si L- CO u ei to -^ t~ * o rH ■rrt rH •m CO tH CO CM L- "s vi S 5) CA CO t- o L~ O ws o CTi o -* LO ^ 05 CO t- O lO -* --H O ■ro -tl t- CO L- CM L~ CO IC 00 lO O CO CO S ^ " CI o t- L~ >o 'ti CO o l-~ -* ■r»1 o CO CO CM CM S ft.soo ® O^rl CO cq Ol CM CM (M CM rH r-l rH rH rH rH rH ■-1?^ CO — 22 lO L- CM C-1 lO rH >o D2 L- ";~' LO " 3 '3 ^ o i-H o rH ^ 01 •^ c ci <-( i-H rH CM 3 g li to , CM t~ CO . ■yi "i o -+1 h^i CO '"' oTo 1-1 ^ L- Oi ^ 'O tH CO cn CO t- CO CM CO CO ^ ^ lO o O CO 00 C5 O r-t. CM •* CD CT! O) CD iC rt rH lO rH rH tH rH rH '>^ O CO So «S iH co" I ale pula- ion, 891. com o CM O CD UO CO cn CD CM ^ t- CO t~ rH •^ CO ■n -H CO cq i-( CO o CM o 00 CO lO 0o o LO o LO O LO a 3 LO f^ 01-3 ~ M'= 3 r-" tH 1 ! O O 1 CI o CO 1 CO CO -* 1 CO CO 1 CD O 1 co Oi p .-H ,-1 CM c-1 CO CO ^ -* lO lO CO CO t~ L- 3 si d t- •zr^ lO C^ ss Otl CO tl O ^ CM rH oj (M CO lO Tj< X -^ o -* rH o ^ w 00 .H rH o rH lO C5 3 CM CM T-l rH T-t. ^ »rd O o OD 00 ra lO O co' CO L~ CO ^ C3 CM T-{ t- L^ L~ o o ^H T— f CM ■CO ^ CO o CO L- ■O o rH ^ 1-H rH 1 — I rH rH Ol CM o CO aj 30 «2 iH co' -2 * „ . ~ r o CO lO -^ 00 C» o CO -* 00 rH CD 00 t- CO rH cr> o lO ■* ^H O CO rH o CD C^ Ol LO o CM CM CD tH O CO CO 'J* o L- lO CO d o .00 l.~ o ca cm ij H^ w ^ L~ Ol "M "M C-l ■m' ^ CO ShA< CM j rH t- CM o CD 3 s rH CM CO 3 o3 O o CO o CO LO -> CM CD » SC 'r. t- CO O CO CO CM 0-1 o M- O (M rf\ -* CM o rt O o o CM o CM rH o 2g O o -«< lO "^ >o o -o LO o L-- CO o -M CO -t( L- L- o CO 7-\ T-\ r-\ rH T-i CI lO CO S^ Q32 " CO «i -_; C5 CO T-H CO o O o -n lO CO o o o> 05 lO -^ oc-i -+I CO .H t- CM CO CO o CD L~ -o o "3 i 5 ■/> -JHO CO o CO CO CM o o o L- L- lO -* L^ J. — ■.- CO >C O -^rH t- C-l CM CM 1-1 tH rH r-\ 1—) o fM CM s tc O lO o >o o o O lO o >ra o lO o lO n ■< 1 i 33 CM 1 01 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o -)1 1 1 o "O 1 1 o ^ J^ CO o L- 1 LO '"' C) CM CO CO M< "Jl iO >o CO '~ L- 800 Englini'Vs liccent Progress. KETTERING!. I'oIMllMtii n ( Mules). Population (Females). r.-'isti:itii>ii Hist lilt. ; Census, IS'.tl. 1 Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1 1881. 12,863 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1001. Kettering 18,052 18,428 23,872 12,701 17,454 17,837 24,221 Retransfers (deduct) . •■ 376 18,052 371 23,501 383 ! 381 17,454 • 28,840 The district includes Urban Districts, &c. 190] . Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Kettering (boot manufactures) . 14,128 14,530 19,454 28,653 *Ilothwell 2,079 2,114 3,378 4,193 *Desborough 1,788 1,785 2,872 3,573 Rural parts 5,882 5,792 10,561 11,674 23,872 ^ 24,221 36,265 48,093 Urban districts with less than 50U0 inhabitants. I i Appe7idix C. 307 t- O •^ -* o rH o 00 tr- Ir- 'if lO -* r^ r-\ °§ o L~ O lO o CD CO CO -* ■* CO 1-i lO CO CD »o CO -* CM oq rH rH ■>* CM « bo «s 3 oTo" 'O t- t- CP CM o lO lO CM lO CM CM CD •^ rH 5~ o o lO o l- L- CO CO t- CD o CO to CO .* rH rH rH »o C71 OS tH CM male pula- ion, 891. CO o o CM (M CO Ir- o c» ■o o O o lO (^ lO o >o n n Age end cen 1 1 o o CM 1 lO CM 1 o CO 1 lO a. o 1 O lO [ lO lO 1 . o 1 »o CO 1 o tr- 1 t- 1 o ^1 S ^ iH (M CM CO CO -H -* »o >o CO CD L^ . CO CD CO O tr- t- CM CD t- Ol CD C^ T-\ rH tr- *ro t- -^ iH O C1 •^ lO CO ■o -* rH r-\ ^ rH 00 O Ttt CM CM CM rH tr- S 3) rH rtS ^ rt o If cr, CO »o rH CO -* on L- CO ■* CI (M * >o C5 ^ lO »o CD CD lO lO LO o ir- O CM Q t- rH rH ■»* o CO -* CO iH r-\ CO p t« CM o bo «§ 3 5? lO O t:- o -* L- tr- CO CM rH rH CO rH lO O CO lO -* o o O ies O t;- 00 Oi rH ^ iO i-\ CM r-\ rH -* CD - o2 ^ (M «i .^. O CM o L- CO CD CO C^ CO CM o -H 11 ■^ CO o o CO l- -* CD CM ^ 1.2 33 ^ Oi o CO CM rH C7J CX) t- CD >o tl •* CO CD CO ^^«M »o'th 1-1 T-\ rH r-l CO rH a rt"o.S • • • • • en O lO o lO o lO O lO o O Q lO o lO a h T-f iH CM Ol CO CO 3 "^ >o lO crt CD i- L- c3 £? -< 4> o ii 1 A ^ 1 o X 1 <^ 1 lO 1 »o 1 o e iH r-l CM e^^ CO CO ■* •^ o lO ^ CD L- X 2 30B l^ngtand\s hecent Pt'ogt'eni, PENZANCE. Population (Males). j Population (Females). ^I^strfa."" Census, 1891. ' Census, 1901. | Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1 ISSl. ISOl. 1S91. 1901. 1S81. ' 1S91. 1891. 26,548 1901 Penzance . 23,630 21,728 21,728 22,565 26,631 26,548 26,722 The district includes : — Urljau Districts, Ac. 1 1901. Population. ] 1 Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Penzance (seamen, fishing) . i 5,641 7,495 12,482 13,136 *Madron .... 1,596 1,890 2,761 3,486 Paul (fishing) . . ' 3,855 2,977 5,977 6,332 St. Ives (fishing) . 1 3,044 3,655 6,094 6,699 *Hayle (part of) 188 233 478 416 St. Just (tin mining) 2,557 3,089 6,119 5,646 Rural parts G,189 7,383 14,415 13,572 22,565 26,722 48,276 49,287 Urban districts with less than 5000 inhabitants Penzance is ratlier a residential place, witli only low ratios in industrial employments. The number of persons enumerated on board merchant vessels varied as follows : — In 1881 1,484 „ 1891 200 ,, 1901 819 Appendix C. 309 t- •+I 1 ■W.2 a m 00 o t~ L- CM CO CM CM ^ o CO &B . § C3 t^ -^ t- CO C5 ■<*( CO CO tr- CM ■^ 00 tH iH rH (M CM tH tH rH lO " i ^ rH ^f CO (M CO -* ■* t- CM a Ci •rtl CJ5 •rtl CO CM CO lO CO CO o c-) o CD o 05 CO O tr- rH CO gs lO ^H tH rH CM Ol CO CO /i^ 00 1 J~ rH •^ _^-. ^ 1 "" ci „ . lo o^ 05 t- iH "# CM t- l~ CO •H o O r-{ T-i CO rfi I— tM ■* 00 00 ■•^ ^ CO 00 CO rH tr- C5 tr- SS-Og ■"Sf t- t- »o -* CM 1-1 t~ in CO CO CM rH (J5 rH CD ^(2"-^ tO (M (M CO o2 T-\ 1* -^ C3 „ . o ■*" o — H (M ^ CD >c CO iH tH CD lO 1-K CD 00 IPS CO t- -* C3 00 o ^ IC CO iH CO CO O tr- lO 00 CO t- t- »o ■* t~ lO OJ 1-1 O CD 00 tr- io CO CO 0^ CO CM c O lO O IC o lO o lO O lO tH ^ Ol CI CO CO ■■:« ^^ lO lO CO CO tr- t- c3 'A tcc S 1 1 1 : > -S^ o o lO o »o o io o ^ S ^ C-1 CM CO CO -* ■* lO lO CO CO L- t~ a< e .S ^ 08 T-\ °§ o gg •* Ol t- 05 o -H CO CO CO t- lO CO tr- 01 ,2.£P a: o o ^ m O -f CO t- 00 lO oq CO O Hi CO CM -* •* CM iH 1-1 of mO CO CO T-l CM .H CO lO I- 00 CO CO ^ rH CD ,e=» o 03 tH OJ CM CM CM CM (M -* 00 lO CO GO ■* gw t- 1-1 1-1 1-1 1— ( iH 1-1 iH 1-1 rH CM CO Ol 00 o2 rH rH ■<*l •Scii . . 00 t~ o CM CO TjH T-{ tr- 1—1 ■* lO CM CD CO •* CD L~ 00 CO O CM lO t- ie ^ O -* T— 1 rH cn o 5C..£» T-l GO o "O L- CO co CO •* CO CM r-l O o 00 lS£-- t- Ol (M O "O o ■o o "C ^ ICtl O iC o 'O o lO ■^"3 1 ! oo 1 lO 1 o CO CO 1 o 1 1 O 1 C^ CO 1 lO CO 1 o l- 1 lO 1 o CIS « 5 1 >-l iH o tH CO 3 CI 1-H CO CO CI HI CI oTo CD 01 LO lO ^ 00 >o CI CI CI CI Hi t~ 5? CO 00 n^ CI CI CO ^ t- iH CO -J> GT) CO CO C3 iH i-H T-H r-( tH CI d CI CI CO CO o2 '-' -^ — ^ t t- 00 T-( ^ 00 tH 03 t30 10 10 CM CI 03 CO o 10 10 lO S c3 CM 1 CO 1 10 CO 1 1 t 1 10 >o : CO 1 lO CO 1 t^- 1 tr- 1 C3 g: « 7-i CM CI CO CO -* H< lO 10 CO CO t- t:- 3 . d CO -H CO ^ 10 X '" CO CM 00 -W.2 3 '-' T-H Kes Migr Loss CO 10 t- ^ CI iH 00 iH Hi t~ 00 05 tr- H< Hi iH GO CO CO CO t:- mo ■* CO 03 tH CO ■^ io iH 01 CI rH 00 00 Hi ■^9 CO 05 ^ T-H rH CI CI CO T-H iH gs 00 I-H r-{ iH tH tH 1-t iH d CI eo CI a C2 I-( ,— A^^ i-H CO ■* t~ CO GO 1-1 CO in HI iH C3 lO CO CI lO tX (M i-H CO CO •^ ■* Hi .H t- lO OD slsi • CO 10 CO CO 0§ '3 Oi X 0^ rH CO 0-1 i-H ^ s 2 ,_( •i^ L- ^ •—* C/J CI r-l tH • CO P^S ■o -^ h^ 1-1 to = CO 1-H >o CI CO CO C5 >o HI CO CO HI in 03 •=9 CI rH CO CO i-H CI CO Hi L- L- t- .H tH rH iH iH CM CI II 01 Hi , (M 00 CM t- CO CO 05 Ht t- tH 10 -H Ttt S CO ■u.^ „- • iH CO CO D- iH CO cn CO -* iH CO HI OJ t- 3g.li CO_^CO tr- t- 00 iH 00 CJ5 C3i 00 00 CO P4 t-'cM CI 1-4 Cl ,— ' — r_'« g"^ a lO ie »o 10 p "O a c3 rl .H CI CM -1< HI 10 '■Y eS -5 1 1 1 10 ■0 rt .•^ i ^ 10 L- 3 3 r-l c-l 71 ■^ -Tl -7^- '•.■> "P V ^ 312 EnffJatuVs Tlcrcut Progress. EUGBY Population (,.\lales). p. ijpiilatinn (Females). ^District'" «^ensus, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, IS'.Jl. Census, 1901. 18S1. ISDl. 1>!)1. lliol. ISSl. 1891. ]^91. I'.HI]. Rugby . . 13,G85 13,281 Ixetrausfers i (add) . .1 13,272 17,144 4 13,281 17,148 13,515 14,205 14,1'J2 17,184 13 -4 j 14,205 17,188 The district includes Irliaii Districts, .Vr. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Rugby (railway service, engiucoriDg) Rural parts ...... 8.367 8,777 8,463 8,721 11,262 16,202 16,830 17,498 17,144 17.184 27,464 34,328 The rural parts include Bilton, which has gained in population owii\; to the estahlishment of large engineering works. Appendix C. 313 O ri GO ^ L- o 1^ ^. _, CO ?tl "^2 .3 o CO ■^ C-l CO d io in CM ■<* Zo cS tH rH CM ;? lO OD 00 cn CO CO CD X ■* CO • c-1 00 CO iH oq cq rH iH cm" "3 eS S to f^i i ^rH -^< >-< 1-1 I-l l-l L— ^ rH ^ '— ^^— s !» 4^'*^ S nSTJ s! 0-- O lO o iO o "O o O o >n o o o lO 0)— - 1 1 c o 1 CM 1 o CO CO 1 o 1 1 O o 1 o 1 o p o o I t- 1 t- 6 §1 I-l 'n CI CO n -ti ■^ o o ■-^ to t- tc .— 1:- o 5 « C5 c o o lO ira lO CO X o 01 lO "* rH "t^ J^ CO rH rH rH lO rH SCO 02 cq iiale ula- SI. C3 O C-1 t- L- CO X C5 t- X :0 CO CO o ■* -H o o C^ o CC' CO o o C2 -H CO C-1 L- O L- o -* 1 — 1 o X X L- CD UO iCi -*l X -* a a.s » ^£-- fO r-1 rH tH rH 1-1 L- rH „• rH !.i !•? tH 3 g »5 ; 1^ ?1 .H ■M CO X o o -H CO C5 ^^ -n lO 1** T-l 'M 'M t~ 1-1 o o rH -* -* Ol cq rH r-l C-1 t~ CO c-t iH rH 'SI CI . . to o -tH C5 -H tH -tH o iO ■-0 CO lO CO rH O -* t- " ? cr> CO 1* lO »o iO o CO CO L- o CO •n CI 00 c3 — < CO rH rH rH -* o §30 Q2 (M _^v..^ «)i -^• tr ■* o CO CO o CD -t1 lO -n -tl C-1 CD -* 01 L- CI rH •o rH I^ -« o rH o X nil o o -^ o CO 1-1 o^ X L- CD CO lO lO -H L- I- -* i-H i-l I-l rH rH rH L- '^i rH « =1 O ■rti o lO o 'O o o o lO o LO o 1/5 _ « ^ "o - i rH rH C-l CI CO CO -H ■"+1 lO lO CO CO L-;- L- ri ::c lO T« rH in ^ o CO rH (M lO CO o o rH CM CO tH UO >o t~ c-i CM CO rH tH rH T-t rH r-i rH o^ O 00 1 CM 2'3 H'z' O 03 tH t- C-l O T-\ O o t- a CO o L- Ml 05 CO tH o <~i CO CD CO co K> s Ml Ml rH t~ t- o CO r-i O 05 00 t- lO Ml CO Ml » p -P rH >* iH T-l T-l tH rH rH 03 rH .s O lO t- t- o 00 IC3 Oi rH o CO CM t- rH lO CO Ml Ml CO 3 g m (M o 00 .-1 o CO CM CO rH CO CM t- oT • (M CO rH CO t~ C^ lO rH i-t o CO Ml CO o co '-- ? •^ lO t~ c-1 CM rH L~ Ci O ri o CM CO o CO Sri CO rH rH rH rH rH r-^ rH CM CM 5 00 05 CM ^ C 0^ O O C5 cc t~ CD lO Ml t~ lO ,^ p-WrH T*l tH T-l rH iH rH r-i rH 03 T-\ ^ -— ^ ,^ s rd'S c6 O — ' o O lO O lO o lO o >n o UO 4) Q (M 1 CM 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 1 o o 1 o t- 1 1 O tH tH CM CO CO -* ^ lO >o CD o t- ^ q-l 52 -* tH o W5 ^3 O 1-1 Ml g 03 ^ CO Ml lO CO •^ CO CM CM o rH .2 ^ 1-1 CO a CM TO o ■<*l ■* CO iC . 00 p^q o o (M tH CM rH r-i • CO "^ rH 1? 00 Ttf (M ^ t- i-< »o CO I-l CO cn o t- CO t- CO CD t- 03 o CM CO CO C-1 (M CO CO t~ CO Ml ts-H CO tH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH rH o CO (U CXI «s CM lO 00 (M CO t- CO lO O t- rH CO CM O CM CO t- C3 CM O >o cn Oi lO CM CO y-l rH CO L~ O CO rH o o G5 CO -* CM 1— 1 O en CO t- lO Ml CO L- 03 = ft.ii CO « p *^ rH -rX (M iH iH rH rH rH rH C3 I^Pl rH .s CD 00 CO rH CO !.§ oq r-\ CO lO Ml ■* CO t~ lO >n t- CO CO O t- ^1 T-l ■-* >o lO i „-^- C3 O C5 t- CO t- CO CM O CO tH CM CO rn CO O 05 CO 05 >o o t- ^ lO CO CO CO lO o >o CO •q a ?-„ L-O CO CO lO CM (M o (33 CO CD lO Ml Ml t~ .:; «.S '■« ^p w-i ■* CM rM rH rH rH rH rH o CM CM a . ■S's 2 ra 173 O lO o >o O >o O lO O 'O ^ >o o "O s =« rH 1-H C) Ol CO CO -fl tH o lO CO CO L- L- ^ « w p in CO cp t- 316 England's Fecent Progress, FALxAIOUTH. Population (Males). Population (Females) Kegistralioii District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1S91. ' 1891. 1901. 1 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Falmouth . '' 12,666 11,694 11,694 10,332 12,891 12,757 12,757 12,839 Tlie district includes Boroughs. I rbaii Districts, &c. 1901. Populat on. Ma'es. Females. 1S91. 1901. Falmouth (sailor^) . *Penryn ..... Rural parts .... 5,099 1,466 3,767 - 6,090 1,724 4,425 12,791 3,256 8,404 11,789 3,190 8,192 10,332 12,839 24,451 1 23,171 * All urlian district. The shipbuilding and engineering trades in Falmouth together employed fewer men than the sailors even in 1901. The numbers of persons enumerated on board merchant vessels varied as follows : — lu 1881 . . . 1727 „ 1891 . . 1076 „ 1901 . . .452 There has been a great decrease in the numbers of men enumerated in war ships and barracks, viz. : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 643 nifu (535 in ship " Ganges "). 674 ,, (574 in training ship " Ganges "). 45 „ These facts go far to account for the decline in male population. Appendijt C. M 318 EfiglaiuVs liCi'cnf Progress. IIELSTON. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1S91. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Helston . 10,810 10,018 10,048 9.463 12,S71 12,109 12,109 11,. 310 The district includes Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. *Helston ..... Rural parts .... 1,289 8,171 -- 1,799 9,511 3,198 18,959 3,088 17,685 9,463 11,310 22,157 20,773 An urban district. In 1851 Helston district contained 1,463 tin miners and 543 copper miners aged 20 years and upwards. These industries must be nearly extinct, but there may be men from Helston working abroad in mines. Appendix C. 319 _• lO °o 1 O Ol ■=. S S2 o o> t- -* t- >o I* cq 00 o cq iH >o 00 o CO CO CO «"^ o C>J cq oq oq iH ■^ •^ t3 I-l oTo o oq t- t- •^ "O lO C5 I-l CO ■^ t- o ^ o w CO CO ^ lO lO lO lO o t~ 05 cq t- »o o tH I-l CO 1-1 «s oq iJ0 OT '^tH 'H I-l CO o cq iH ■* cq CTJ I-l lO C2 00 CO CO o •^ o o o o o 05 CT> iH lO lO o cq t- t- lO I|-Il PM O C<1 (M tH o CO CO CO lO Ttl '^ -* CO CO CO 02 (M r-l T-\ I-l iH cq 1-1 ^ , "— s C ?3 o— ■ ra'n O "O o »o o >o O o o W3 o lO o »o CM 1 *i «g 3 I-l cq o >n GO t- t~ o iH 01 CO CO CO CI o o -* I— 1 1-1 f^f^ CO T-l I-l CD 1-1 1 eo to og • iH • t-t • o u Sb 00 -* m m o -i* CO lO CO c- 00 lO oq I-l o ■•^i lO •^ iH I-l I-l cq «g iS CO Q<1 »o »o o -* o t^ cq ■*! 1-4 -* lO »o Ttl Tjl •>*< lO CO t- OT oq -* CO -S4< o I-l iH lO cq S2g OS o •^ -^ CO CO CO L~ cq eo iH I-l I-l I-l •* Ph r-l ^ .'— ^""N tf^l O lO o in o lO O LO o >o o 8 o »o ail rH rH oi CO CO •^ o o UO CJ L- I- ii o ci> lO o lO lO A 1 o LO ^ r-( I-l oq CI eo CO '^ •^ lO o CO CO L- p P 320 l^ngtand^s Recent ProgfeM, 1MT1^HAI\1 COLLIERY (ilMiUP. Population (Males). Pojuilation (Feuiale.s). Registration Districts. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. Census , 1891. Census 1901. 1881. 1891. 1S91. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Darlington . 23,519 24,042 24,042 27,181 24,157 25,470 25,470 29,028 Stockton . . i Sedgefield . l' 35,553 41,765 1 31,758 110,009 33,6591 11,0051 .32,699 39,489 (29,940 1 9,5.50 32,638 10,525 Hartlepool 24,868 34,371 34,371 45,203 23,745 32.267 32,267 43,031 Auckland . 43,555 45.684 45,684 48,271 40.017 43,314 43,314 46,271 La n Chester . 30,818 34,5.54 35,125 43,82:J 27,003 30,880 31,346 39,734 Durham . 33,094 35,293 35,293 37,763 31,230 34,299 34,299 36,489 Easingtou 21.208 23.606 23,666 26,224 19,890 22,160 22.160 24,501 Houghton-le- \ Spring . . (" 17,724 19,529 19,529 20,797 16,421 18,-392 18,392 20,050 Chester-le- i Street . . ( 22,866 26,355 25,784 31,221 20,926 24,239 23,773 29,3.31 Sunderland . 69,096 78,489 78,489 89,842 70,097 80,304 80,304 91,664 South Shields 5:3,077 72,678 72,678 84,588 50,217 68,830 68,830 82,256 Gateshead 53,262 66,767 66,767 88.394 52,123 64,482 64,482 84,888 Newcastle 73,572 97,233 97,2.33 116,245 76,080 99,584 99,584 117,399 Tvnemouth . 58,264 68,052 68,052 85,813 55,933 65,1.36 65,136 82,849 Castle Ward . 9,979 12,304 12,304 16,469 9,741 12,012 12.012 15,933 ]\Iorpeth . 18,448 21,976 21,976 29,017 17,637 20,575 20,575 26,727 588,903 702,758 702,760 835.515 568,516 681,4.33 681,434 813,314 Retransfers (^ '> 1 11 (deduct) .) " 702,758 835.514 681,433 813,-313 The group of districts contains several large towns, as shown helow ; the districts not organised as " urban," and therefore described as rural, are to a very srreat extent colliery districts : — Boroughs, lilian Districts, ic. (engineering, i Newcastle-upon-Tyne (engineering, ship-i building, commerce) Benwell and Fenham colliery) ..... Newburu (colliery, steel smelting) Gosforth (collierj-) Walker (shipbuilding, engineering) Gateshead (engineering, colliery). 189.663 308. 487 Appendix C. 321 DUEHAM COLLTEEY GTIOVF— continued. Borous'is, I'rban Districts, i<:f. Sunderland (shipbuilding, engineering, "l commerce) . . . . . j Southwick (shipbuilding, engineering) . South Shields (commerce, shipbuilding,!' ,„ colliery) . _ . . . . . f: *"' Jarrow (shipbuilding, euginoering) Tyuemouth (commerce, shipbuilding) Willington Quay (shipbuilding, eu-i gineering) l' Hartlepool (engineering, shiplniilding) West Hartlepool (shipbuilding, en-| gineering, iron, commerce) . . ( Stockton-on-Tees (shipbuilding, engineer- ing, iron) ...... Darlington (engineering) .... Ashington (colliery) .... Bedlingtonshire (colliery) Cowpen (colliery, shipbuilding) Blyth (colliery, seamen) .... Cramlington (colliery) .... Weetslade (colliery) .... Earsdon (colliery) ..... Whitley and Monkseaton (engineering,) residential) . . . . . . / Morpeth (colliery, ougineering) *Wallsend (shipbuilding, engineering) Hebburn (shipbuilding, engineering.) colliery) . . . . . . l' Felling (colliery, engineering) . Whickham (colliery, engineering) liyton (colliery) ..... Blaydon (colliery, engineering) Benfieldside (iron nianufactui-es, coll iiiry) . | Consett (iron manufactures) tLeadgate . .... Annfield Plain (colliery) .... Tanfield (colliery) ..... Stanley (colliery) ..... Houghton-le-Spring (colliery) . Hetton (colliery) Seaham Harbour (colliery, glass irimi facUires) .... '"■} mill. Topulation. Males. Females. 1»91. 1901. 71,583 74,494 131,686 146,077 G,579 6,064 10,226 12,643 78,162 80,558 141,912 158,720 48,358 48,905 78,391 97,263 17,805 16,490 33,675 34,295 66,163 65,395 112,066 131,558 25,554 25,812 46,588 51,366 4,161 3,780 7,345 7,941 29,715 29,592 53,933 59,307 11,764 10,959 21,288 22,723 31,845 30,782 42,815 62,627 43,609 41,741 64 , 103 85,350 20,161 25,317 49,708 51,478 21,458 23,053 38,060 44,511 7,517 6,439 5,307 13,956 9,910 8,856 16,996 18,760 9,213 8,666 12,982 17,879 2,710 2,762 3,728 5,472 3,336 3,101 5,967 6,437 2,831 2,622 4,377 5,453 4,772 4,248 7,471 9,020 3,261 4,444 3,008 7,705 3,018 3,140 5,219 6,158 10,990 9,928 11,257 20,918 11 ,10() 9. 801 10,045 20,901 1 1 , .548 10,919 17,490 22,467 (;,722 6,130 9,343 12.8.52 4,387 4,065 5,553 8.452 10,306 9,257 13,171 19,623 3,694 3,763 6,269 7,457 5,081 4,613 8,175 9.694 2,362 2,295 4,456 4,657 6,608 5,873 9,762 12,481 4,306 3,970 6,819 8,270 7,294 6,260 7,879 13,554 3,926 3,932 0,470 7,858 0,900 6,773 12,720 13,073 5,10'.) 4,99-1 9.0.11 10,163 * W'iillseiicl may almost be iieeiiieH in 1-1 CO CO t~ CO o 0^ iH CO lO ■rH CJl CO CO in (M t~ o> (M GO m o o 05 in CO CO o in in rH O CO 00 ^^-- T-l CO t~ Ol CM ^ t~ t- CO T-H 1-1 OJ rM CO CO ^ ■^ in in o o t~ L- C!^ O 1 . C-l >o ■* in t- m Cn •^ m CO CM iH rH r-t CO ^^^ ..^... /..' C iC ?1 ^ ? ^ o 7 lO t 5 ^ s ^ "^ o ^ in cu I- p < s 5 S s 8 i in •* ^ ^ s s o Y 2 324 England's Recent Progress. GLAMORGAN GROUP. Population (Males). Population (Peniale.s}. Kenistratiuli Districts. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. Census 1891. Census 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1S91. 1901. Abergaveuiiv . 11,879 13,210 14,117 13,291 11.692 12.854 13,537 13,438 Bedwelltv 29,79.3 35,091 34.902 43,822 26,047 29,775 29,619 37,998 Poutypool 18,258 20,555 19.694 23,651 17,080 19,216 18,562 21,728 ZS'ewport . 85.197 49.634 49,956 58,445 35,345 47.162 47,480 57,005 Crickhowell . 9.370 9,920 10,063 10,144 9,188 9,595 9,722 9,797 Cardiff . . 54,128 89.342 89,020 114,027 52,036 84,454 84,136 114,611 Pontvpridd . 50,675 82.128 82.936 111.264 42,818 64.684 65,438 93, -560 Merthyr Tydfil 52,430 62,315 61,507 71.761 49,011 54,890 54,136 63.779 Bridgend . 21,128 27,288 27,288 35,912 19,876 24,165 24,165 31,541 Neath . . . 25,145 28,855 28,855 36,551 24,848 27,818 27,818 35,053 Pontarda\Ye . 10,116 10,939 10,939 13,438 10,069 10.761 10,761 13,280 Swansea . 47,207 57,047 57,047 58,743 47,794 57,279 57,279 61,003 Gower . 5.299 5,338 5,338 5,407 5,803 5,769 5,769 6, -320 H70.625 491,662 491,662 i.596,456 '351, 607 448.422 448.422 -559,113 The district (or group) iuclucle.- Borou^'hs, Libaii Districts, Ac. i;o 01 !M Ol eo CO CO — TO eo eo ■* ■* iH HI iH 01 ■pi - • (M 00 Ttl O 00 00 o CO CO C75 ^ ■* in 1* Cd 1 HI Ol lO •^ CM CO in 1* in '-I iH — — ^ ^ ■"Jt rH (M »rt I-l o o L- CO 00 Ci lO in tH L- 01 ,^ c -*^ •-* in M UO o t- o o lO o LO o in (^ in o in C '3 r-H r-( ! 1 o o o QC t- 00 Ci I-l CO LO 00 o iH CO q2 CN !M cq Ol CM (M eo CO CO eo Ttl -* 05 CO 00 ^— ^— » - e ^ . CO I- '^ X CO >o 'Ji f— ) I-l CD LO t- in cn 1-1 ro o ^ C5 QC t- -* (3 lO C- Cl co o HI HI 00 -* •- - -^o 1-1 Ol -* CO cn G■^ •^ o o CD Cl CO 1-1 I-l I-l t- o 00 ■^ o CD (M 00 CD CO o 00 cq cq T»l -* CO CO eo (N CM I-l I-l iH tH tH cq LO = , -— ^ ,»_, s— 3 rCC — - — c lo c LO o UO ^ o o in o LO o LO a !3 c^c^ 1 LO ^1 o lO r o o 1 LO 1 o in CD 1 1 in 1 LO ^ a ^ 01 CO -:!' •^ in m CO ^ t~ t^ 3 Appendix C. 327 WIG AN GROUP. Registration Districts. Prescot . Wigau Warrington , Leigh Chorley . I'ojiulutit Census, 1891. n (Males). Census. 1901. Population (Females). 1S81. 1891. 60,932 73,129 70,460 84,503 36,084 43,789 27,655 ! 35,163 23,044 26,296 Retransfers \ (add) . .j, 218,175 '262,880 Census, 1891. 1891. 73,129 84,503 43,053 35,163 26,296 inui. 79,021 96,346 51,834 42,991 30,034 57,028 69,458 34,134 28,663 24,686 1891. 67,798 82,259 41,133 35,605 28,762 262,144 1299,726 213,969 255,557 736 j 552 262,880 '300,278 Census, 1901. 67,798 82,259 40,418 35.605 28,762 254,842 715 255,657 295,172 1901. 74,627 94,893 48,678 43,263 32,967 294,428 744 The group includes : — I!l01. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Wigan (coUiery) ..... 29,612 31,152 55.013 60,764 Warrington (metal trades, iron) . 32,323 31,919 55,288 64,242 Widnes (alkali, soap) .... 15,118 13,462 30,011 28,580 St. Helens (glass, collierv, alkali) . 43,618 40,792 72,413 84,410 *Huyton with Roby .... 2,129 2,532 4,625 4,661 Prescot (watchmaking, colliery) . 3,971 3,884 6,745 7,855 Newton - in - Makerfield (engineering,"! vehicles) . . . . . . ( 8,891 7,808 12,861 16,699 Haydock (colliery) .... 4,576 3,999 6,585 8,575 Ashton-in-Makerfield (collierv) 9,963 8,724 13,379 18,687 Golborne (colliery) .... 3,406 3,383 5,601 6,789 Abram (colliery) ..... 3,405 2,901 4,309 6,306 Hindley (colliery) .... 11,904 11,600 18,973 23,504 Ince-in-Makeriield (collierv) . 10,768 10,494 19,255 21,262 Pemberton (colliery) .... 10,806 10,858 18,400 21,664 Orrell (colliery) ..... 2,657 2,779 4,914 5,436 fUphoUand 2,456 2,317 4,443 4,773 Leyland (cotton) ..... 3,269 3,596 5,972 6,865 Chorley (cotton) ..... 12,555 14,297 23,087 26,852 fAdlington ...... 2,204 2,319 4,190 4,523 jBlackrod ...... 1,961 1,914 4,021 3,875 Aspull (colliery) ..... 4,311 4,077 8,952 8,388 Standish with Langtree (colliery) . 3,280 3,023 5,416 6,303 Atherton (colliery, cotton) 8,052 8,159 13,659 16,211 Tyldesley (colliery, cotton) . 7.443 7,400 12,891 14,843 fMuch Wool ton 2,262 2,469 4,545 4,731 Leigh (collierv, cotton) 19,885 20,116 30,882 40,001 llural parts ...... 88,901 38,454 70,606 77,355 299,726 294,428 516,986 594,154 An urban district with Icsa than 50iJ0 inhabitants, near I-iveipool. f Urban districts with less than 6000 inhabitants. ."{•28 I\)i(ilan(Vii h'rcriit .]^n>i/r(s>^. Tlie iul)iiii elislricis of Mucli \V(,)i)lton and Jluylon are partly residential, through their proximity to Liverpool. There is a county lunatic asylum at Rainhill in Prescot, which in 1901 contained 1,037 male and 1,065 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — lu 18vSl-'.)0 . . l.OOS males ... 988 females. ,, i8'Jl-(K) . . 1.5G7 ,, ... 'J5'J „ Tiie military enumerated in barracks were : — In 1881 . . . fl50 „ 1891 . . . 473 „ 1901 ... 571 Appoidir C. 820 .J ^^ ^ „ ^.2 :« >-0 Ol ZZ fiC t~ iH ^ 1-1 C5 C5 tr- C-1 I- 0-1 o CO :« = U "O CO rH Ci 1-1 X o -* C-1 lO X ■* o 00 CO Oi fN rH CO ■* ■* CO 0-1 t-( 1-1 o X'3 iro ^ CI 1-1 en O ■^ lO CO o lO X ■* en rH c- 3 r— 1 CO ?1 CO o o CO 1:- lO T~^ Deat 1891 o ^ •-I ^ >o o L~ X X o CO 1.0 CO X Cft T-H -^ 1-1 1-1 1-1 r^ tH T-K CM CM 01 Ol LO -*1 _« i ?1 C: s CO CO CO o X X b- C5 L^ L~ CO X S t~C: CO (3 CO t- CM rH '^ X CO 00 o Ml c CO o l:- CM X Ci tr- ■* o t- ■* CM o o (M o t^- ■* G-1 o o CO »o X '9. CO CO oq CM CM rH rH 7-i rH 1-1 CO _: •M o lO q_ M :3 o ^ T-i = 1 1— 1 CO •— • -4^ 52 GO CO o CO o X X O-l o CI 25 d^ O (M -* CO rH X CO lO I-( id rH i«^ I-; 1-H 1-1 rH CO ^ 5 X ,—1 X 0-1 ■^ era X 03 Ci CO lO ^ o CO CO X o lO o CM -* tr- rH t:- CO o SS VO Ol 1-1 CO o l~ Ci C-T ^ CO o t- CO 0-1 Ol «s CO 1—1 iH 1-1 T-\ rH rH 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 lO ^ «i ._; -* X 0-1 o Tjl 1-1 rH (M Ci 05 o J-, lO CO CO ■* ^ t- ■-> (M X t:- t^ lO L-- lO CO o o ^-\ s 5 eO» L~ O IC rH lO C5 CTi Ol ^ o L— o L~ J5 "'S i( -* o C-1 o X -* r-i — CO T- -^ o ■o o CO I:- oco T-l CO CO o^ CM CM rH rH ^ ^ ^ ^• ^^^ ^ .ta«-. 2 '^nS o o o o <3t lO o >o O lO o lo o lO o rj< -# -* 1* rt -^ A Z) X '-' o CO -* -h o O CO C3 '-' Ol o X CO CI '-' rH rH iH 1-1 '-' rH •-' rH rH 0-1 Ol UO o CM O rM t- O-I t~ o tA ^ rH - :« . . ee 00 m >o o (M C: CO X •* CM X o CO ^ o «t: s -• O l:- o o r-l lO CO L- CO o t- C2 CO 00 CO tH X CO, ~r 01 o X L~ CO -* o CO X CO (M o o CO rtg 3 lO T-{ rH X ^ CM >n CM T-t ar=> •H o o CO CO (M ^ X K^ O 1^ lO CM rd X .c Ci -M CO 05 CO CO (^ -* o 3 0-1 'f5 r~\ t— <«s< -r CM o CM CO -t< CO L- X 0-1 CO CO X X SI iH 1-1 1-1 iH rH rH rH rH Ol CM CM CM "* Ol J, c! . . O CN CO m CO iH X L- O -i* X >o CO T-\ CO o I- O r-1 o »o •tf rti L- crs ■^ CO L~ r-^ lO 111^ -t< -t X o o CO -tl o -t< I- o C5 0-1 C-1 CO no -n rH O X ■o oi O c o >o o lO o »o s io p p a >i u -^ " ct oi CO CO -* •^ •o ■o CO t- t- •<2i o o o r^ o ^ 1 c^ lO i o s >A o fi T-H t-i CI o\ CO CO ■* ■"Jl »o o CO t;- ;i30 KiKjIdiid's lu'coit Prof/rc.'^s. CHESTER F 1 E L 1) C R O U V. llc^'istration Distriits. rojmlatioii (Males). roiiulatiou (females). Census, 1891. Census , 1901. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 69,393 42,127 20,473 73,415 32,113 1881. 47,018 21,953 14,069 56,942 20,970 1891. 51,427 26,926 15,058 77,010 26,283 196,704 1891. 52,735 26,953 15,058 57,868 26,283 178,897 17,807 1901. Chesterfield ^faiisfield . Worksop . Basford . Shardlow . 51,723 67,461 23,005 1 28,369 14,453 i 15,921 59,998 77,370 20,720 , 25,712 59,005 28,396 15,921 59,659 25,712 63.463 89,491 18.767 73,382 32,285 ♦Retransfers \ (add) . .( 169,899 204,833 188,698 16,140 237,521 20,725 100,952 227,388 22,660 204,833 258,246 196,704 249,998 * Chiefly to restcjre a district added to Nottingham in 1S99. The district includes : — Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. JIales. Females. 1891. 1901. Chesterfield (collierv, engineering) .... 13,744 13,441 22,009 27,185 Whittington (colliery, engineering, railway i service) | 4,896 4,520 8,798 9,416 Newbold and Dunston (colliery, engineering,) bricks^ |' 3,068 2,918 5,192 5,980 *Brampton and Walton .... 1,331 1,367 2,532 2,698 Claycross (colliery) ..... 4,452 3,906 7,727 8,358 Bolsover (coUiery) ..... 3,672 3,172 3,662 6,844 Worksop (colliery) ..... 8,271 7,841 12,734 16,11-2 *]Mansfield Woodhouse ..... 2,440 2,437 2,819 4,877 Mansfield (colliery) ..... 10,543 10,902 15,925 21,445 Sutton-in-Ashfield (collierv, hosierv) 7,551 7,311 10,562 14,862 Kirkby-in-Ashfield (collierv) .... 5,375 4,943 6,479 10,318 Heanor (colliery) ..... 8,261 7,988 13,627 16,249 Hucknall Torkard (colliery) .... 7,622 7,628 13,094 15,250 *Eastwood (colliery) ..... 2,465 2,850 4,868 4,815 Ilkeston (colliery, engineering) 12,958 12,481 19,744 25.384 Arnold (hosiery, colliery) .... 4,259 4,498 7,769 8,757 Carlton (railway service) .... 5,028 5,013 6,627 10,041 Beeston (lace, carriages) .... 4,251 4,709 6,948 8,960 Long Eaton (lace, railway service) 6,607 6,438 9,636 13,045 fAlvaston and Boulton ..... 2,294 2,231 3,116 4,525 West Bridgford (lace) ..... 2,939 4,079 2,502 7,018 Rural parts (Derby) ..... 61,442 57,755 101,068 119,197 ,, „ (Notts) 54,057 49,460 80,662 103,517 2.37,521 227,338 367,590 464,859 I'rban districts with less than 5000 inhabitants. t An urban district. Aj)pf)i(li.i' C. 381 Lar^e poitioiis of the " rural " populatioD are engaged in coal mining. West ]3ridgford and Beeston, as well as Carlton, may be regarded as suburbs of Nottingham, in addition to the portion of Basford actually transferred to that borough. Alvaston and Boulton may in like manner l)e deemed a dependency of Derby, to which town a large part of the district was transferred on November 9, 1901. o32 England's Bcccnf Pror/rcss. o Cl Ci -1 — , .-> ,_-, Tjl ;.-> CO 1- CO CO l~ l^ L- -* L- t- fc_ ■'- .— TTI l- T-t CO CO 1—1 CI co CI t- ^^.2 a 10 T-1 ■* X --0 •*" -^ t- -0 cn -i< L~ X CO tH " - 5 ^ I-l ■# a X c^ Cl ■M c- ^- -s* X t- L- l~ ■* ^r _ .— -H !M X rri ^^ l~ -* 01 X CO L""- ^ t~ t- ■" 0>1 G-1 — ' '-^ % ^ , — ^— , ■§^1 >o >o ^ LO »i^ •^ — < OT CS] CO CO ~v •^ LO o ■-0 l~ t- •< © 10 10 ^ 10 — UO L2| ""^ (M ■M f -J^ 10 - t~ ^1 -1 -M _ I- C5 Cl ^ x -^ T ^ i:^ CI L- '-^ ix 1 X CO r— 1 Cl s3 a .H - CJ CI t- i^ •^ « i-H la CM X • CM S >^ of CO CO CO t- _, _„ _l o X _ CO z> _, ^ -.7^ X Ol iO ^ ■0 -* C3 X L~ t- X CO X CO i-O CO «S t-l rH iH iH -* iH 00 male pula- lon, 881. 00 1-1 t~ 01 00 CO CI X CO t- CI Ot^ -* CM "M 10 ^ X CI X -* ^ t- rH CO X t- t- CO t- X ■* WC-rtrH t-^o ci" c~ -^ CO .— t 0" X L- LO -tl '"O CO rtj v\ c 1-1 O 01 CO Tt< t~ -* L— CI L- CI ~ 5..2 5 ^_ >-o X '^ CI C2 C2 L~ CI o'o of 00 'S >o CO 0" cT X ^ CO 0" 'Ti " t-Ol -0 CO 1 "9 »6 1 c6 t7 6 %% ^ '"' CO -* -^ ■0 L- \_~~ — Appendix C 333 BAENSLEY GROUP, lU'^isti'atiuii Districts. Pontefract Hemswortli Barnsley Wortlev . Poi)ulatioii (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, ISOl. Census, 1S91. Census, 1901. 1881. 1S91. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 24,940 29,645 29.645 .36,647 22,92j 26,966 26,966 33,611 5,935 7.857 7.8.57 12,622 5,171 6,774 6,7/4 10,7j7 41,083 50,649 50,649 59,385 37,528 45,000 45,000 54,1^8 26,989 30,525 30,525 36,290 25,345 28,272 28,272 34,036 98.947 118,676 118,676 144,894 90,970 107,012 107.012 132.587 The disti'ict iuclutles Borout'lis, I rliaii Districts, &c. 1901. Poi)ulation. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Barnslev (colliery, glass) 20,570 20,510 35,427 41,086 Worsborough (colliery) 5,509 4,827 9,905 10,336 Hoylaud Nether (colliery) . 6,718 5,746 11,006 12,464 Wombwell (coUierv) .... 7,113 6,139 10,942 13.2.52 *Darfield 2,197 1,997 3,416 4,194 *Cudwortli ...... 1,889 1,519 1,607 3,408 *Roystou ...... 2,389 2.008 2,013 4,397 Dartou (coUierv) .... 4,033 3.637 7.018 7,670 Stocksbridge (colliery, iron, Inicks) 3,-370 3,196 5,727 6,. 566 Pontefract (colliery, military) 6,885 6,542 9,702 13,427 Knottingley (glass) .... 2.917 2,892 5,425 5,809 Castleford (colliery, glass) . 9,061 8,. 325 14,143 17,38. Featherstone (coUierv) 6,578 5,515 7,528 12,093 *Whitwood ...... 2,592 2,281 4,806 4,873 Ardsley (colliery, glass) 3,313 2,913 4,662 6,226 liural parts ..... 59,760 54,534 91,766 114,294 144,894 132,587 225,688 277,481 I rliHii districts with less than HOOO inhaliiluiit' Here again consideraltle luiniiig populations ave included among " rural " places. Thei'e is a county lunatic asylum in Wortley (Wadsley), which in 1901 contained 735 male and 892 female lunatics. Tlie net addition lo ])opulation caused by the asylum was: — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 1,0.39 males 1,021 „ 889 females. 883 334 England's Recent Progress. The military enumerateil in barracks were: — In 1881 . . . .547 „ 1891 .... 424 ,, i;»01 . . . .420 On October 1, 1902, a cousiderable part of Wortley registration district was transfeiTed to Sbeffield, viz. : — • Population, 19U1. Ecclesfield— Hillsborough Ward (part of) . . . 10,580 „ — Other parts 4,904 Bradfield— Hillsborough Ward (part of) . . . 1,183 Appendix C. 335 . •H lO CO in CO o GO -*( o ■^ CO . c O o t- rH CO o t- 1* -* in "3 O o -* -* CO 1-1 T-( rH t- -1 '5 68 m ^ 00 rH o -* ^%^ J2 CO 1-1 CO c^ o C3 O^ — H 1—1 »-d CO OJ 03 o t- <_, CI t~ ^ rH co OT CO Q CM CO lO CO lO in Cj5 CM t- -* CO o tH CO TtH ■* lO lO in CO CO t- t- 00 o rH °l CO So GS i-H rH cq" CM male pula- ion, 891. 02 o C75 o o CD in o 00 CO CO in CO CO CO J—^ ^ CM c:i o CO ^ 2 o CO CO O ^ CM CO m CO '^l CM tH cc Ci t- o CO ^ CO in t~ rH CO en T}< « O-fr-l CO CD -* oq C5 00 CO c- CD in -* CO CO oq CO CO ■* iH tH 1-t in O B L^ CM ~n ^ C3 CM _l m CO CM CO CO ___! .^ GO lO CO ^ CO t- CT t- -* ^ o OS CO -4^.2 c3 O t-H CO lO lO 1-1 CM CO rH o_ 'it in 02 in CD 5? lO cn a> L~ o CO CO lO t~ ^ CO CO CO CM C-1 tH -* lO o CO t— 00 O ^2 o rH rH CO CO cu ^ o2 CO rH rH r-i (M in CM — ^— , «-^^-^- ro 05 CO t- t- Ci cc 1* CO CO -H O o -H t- CI 00 CM lO o t- o o L— en L- O o^ o O CO in 3^11 00 C5 in t- o CO CO '^ CO CM o CO in in 1^ C ■•- iH t- lO M< CO O-l 1-1 o CO L- O in ^ CO C^l CO 1^ ^ rH 1-1 rH tH CO = V3 ci"c -S O lO o lO o lO o in O m o lO o in ^ 1 >H i-H 1 1 o o 1 O CI 1 o CO 1 lO CO 1 o 1 in 1 o m 1 in m 1 o CD [ in 1 m 1 o 1—1 Ol cq CO CO -* •n in in CO CO t- ^ CO lO o CO -* o 5 CM ■* in "* cS o 00 rH o ^ J^ S S OJ bfl o CJ2 1-1 C-1 CO CO ro o rH CD «s m" tr- lO lO CM en o CO in CM CO o io lO CM CO rH t- h^ oq" ^ Cl M O CO a> t- CO 00 00 rH CO O -H CO rH rH in t- 5? t-l -n 00 lO t- G3 CO CM 00 crs t~ 05 o 00 CD ce rH »o »o ^ lO lO in CO O in in o t- o CO T(H m CC o2 CT> (?q rH " male pula- ion, 881. <0 CO CO -H C-1 CM o o CO CO o rtl m CO 00 in L- oq CO CO 0-1 -* CM in C5 a CO -* (M 1-1 o_ -* CO o o CO CO ^ t- o_ in o oq CM &&-- 00 >o co" o t- t- co' CO in -* CO CO CM (M CO a> CO 1-1 iH tH (M T-l _; o ~¥ tH CO I— CD CO 05 o § CO CM o CO "* O cq 'S T-l L^ C3 CO t- '^ T-l "3 a P5g m a> CO '^ T(< ^ -* o O 1-1 CO o L- in CO Q (M 7-* rH 7-{ If CO CO L^ ^ o o 00 CO >n CO o o C5 '* ■o L- lO CO -* cc -* rH a^ CO t- c3 >— < o lO •* 'O lO CO CO t~ tr- CO 00 C5 o CO 00 ^g :^ cm" CM 5a.2S O * IQ § in e in I7 ■»; a. 1 66 T-l 1 ^ lA i & i in s ^ i s& 336 England'^ Ecccnt Progress. WREXHAM. Population (Males). Population (Females). Ke^istration District. Census, 1891. ISSl. 1801. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1S91. ' 1901. ISSI. 1S91. 1S91. 19111. Wrexham . Ketransfers i (add) . . 1 2S,.351 32,101 31,351 36,238 20,819 750 756 29,694 28,849 33,886 845 812 32,101 37,024 , 29,694 34,698 The district includes : — Urban Districts, Ac. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 19III. Wrexham Kural parts ..... 7 , 437 7 , 529 28,831 26,357 — 12, r 47, (, 52 14,966 48 55,188 00 70,154 36,268 33,886 60.'- A very large proportion of the "rural" population is engaged in coal mining, the number of men so employed in the Administrative County of Denbigh being 8,730, nearly all of whom must have been enumerated in this district. No separate statement as to occupations in Wrexham appears in the Census volume, but the aggregate of coal miners in the Avhole of the urban districts was only 381, nearly all apparently in Wrexham town. The militarv in barracks numbered : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 273 217 114 Appendix C. 337 CO CO CM CM T-< CD rH CM °g t- CO CO o o Oi O CO CO CO CO CO CO Ttl rH rH rH T-i y-< rH T-i CM CM CM CO CO c^ o q2 CM CD (M tH 05 CO O ^ 00 CM a> CO 00 «o m t- o CD Up lO CT5 i-i rH CM C5 in CO CO CM CD en in CO CM '^l CO CO t- lO 00 tH r-( CTi CO in CO oi o L- tH O p^ph tH CO i-H CO CO CM CM CM r-{ ^~^ rH rH rH r-t rH -* ^ to C CO >o *( o t- rH • O tH rH g 2 ^S 05 lO Oi rH (M rH , 00 in CO in O CO (M rH o hJ CM rH rH rH CO aths, 1-00. o rH '^l ^ a CM in o IM ■^ o t- rH o in T-l C-l CO >o in L- o CO t- tH CD G5 rH rH •^ o rH rH rH rH rH T-^ CM CM CO CO CO ^ C7J t~ fi3 o; CO tH CD CD -* O 00 CD CM t- 00 00 in 00 ^-i t- CM t-O cq CD o ^ Ol ^ tH CO CO rA 05 t- 0> rH tr- lO CD o CO o CO CD tH CM o (J) J-< o s S*-^"" ^S"" ,-1 tH ee CO CO CO CM CM r-{ rH rH r-t rH rH tH iH -* O O o lO o in O in o in O in O in 1^ c3 tH iH lO 00 tH ^ CO t- lO Ol ^^ O 1-^ CD CD O CD Tt< T-l CO CM CO 00 ef O 1-1 O >o CO o o in CO 00 00 rH rH CD CD CO O ^ ^ 00 00 t- t- 00 o 'ii 00 rH CM CM o rH iH rH rH rH rH r-i 1-< CM CM in i-t CO 00 o O^CT)^ CD CM CM CO 00 t- in ■* CM o CT> t- CM 05 ISSN- o'co CO CO CM rH rH rH r-< rH rH rH in CO 'S i fl o ■* rH tr- ■* CM 00 00 CO io ■^ CO r-l s s ^s to (-) o CO rH CM in CO CO s CO ^ CM lO • CO CM rH CM tno CO rH »o CO t- -H t- CM o t- CO in in o o .C "^ l~ CD lO in "* in t- o CO in CO CM in in CO CO rH rH rH 1-i r-i rH CM CM CM CM CO CO C/J 00 oS (M m .2^3^- CO T-l ffl CO ■^ CM o CD CM TiH CO CM rH rH »n ■■*< tH t- CO O in CO ■rM CD C75 CM TJH CO CO 00 00 lO CO o CO o cc CD ■^ CM rH Oi CO o rH 1^ p-«rH CO CO CO CM CM I-l rH rH rH rH rH 00 CO s . . . . . . , '-^-^ -gvj S rd n:3 j>-= S o >o o >o o in o in o >n O in o in r^ r-\ C) CI CO CO -tl ■Hf in in CD o t- I- ■< o d ^^> lO 1 o in o in O in o 1 in 1 o 1 in 1 o Q 1 '"' r-t CM CM CO -n *ti in o CD CO L- 338 EnglancVs Recent Proqress. NUNEATON. Population (Males). Population (Females) Kegistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Nuneaton . Foleshill . 6,610 8,990 8,696 9,797 9,184 6,959 14,243 8,450 7,104 8,730 9,524 10,171 9,188 7,230 13,877 8,552 *Retransfers ) (add) . .f 15,600 18,493 16,143 2,350 22,693 3,790 16,628 18,901 16,418 2,483 18,901 22,429 3,908 18,493 26,483 26,337 * Chiefly of places added to Coventiy in 1899. Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. Nuneaton (colliery, bricks) 12,737 12,259 15,297 24,996 *Bedworth .... 3,571 8,598 5,485 7,169 *Foleshill .... 2,732 2,782 4,559 5,514 Rural parts .... 3,653 3,790 7,220 7,443 22,693 22 429 32,561 45,122 Bedworth and Foleshill are not yet organised as " urban districts. ' Appendix C. 339 CO CO O lO Oi o o o -* ^ CO t~ CO CO -^ CO oq rH O O O 05 o2 L^ L- 00 03-:; a "-< a £..2 5 -* CM (M rH >H rH ■58 5 5 «» o lO I I o o V 't'Zl r4 0000 — I 66 r-( r-l (N T3 Tl •^ rrl a in fc: t^ &. J3 z 2 340 England's Recent Progress. CANNOCK. Population (Males). ropulatiou (Females). Eetiisti-.ition District. Census, 1S91. Census , 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1S81. ' 1891. 1891. 1901. Cannock 18,946 21,223 21,223 24,963 17,176 19,321 19,324 22,673 The district includes I'rban Districts, &c. Cannock (colliery) Brownhills (part of) (colliery) Rural parts . . 1001. Population. Males. Females. i 1891. 1901. 12,820 i 11,154 ' 20,613 23,974 2,770 2,444 4,047 5,214 9,373 9.075 15,887 18,448 24,963 22,673 40,547 47,636 Appendix C, 341 m J o t- o lO rjl iH Z- Q c« o Ol -* CO CO — 3 O CM s a 03 1-1 O c~ C3 CM . 00 o r-t o o m I-l • CM Ttl • CM 00 00 CO Cft ss'g o CO >f5 O t- t^ o CM CO o c::r> I-l a in CM 00 o o t- 00 Of) GO a) o o CM CO m 00 °9 TTI I-l I-l 1-1 lO (H «2 I-l CO ■^i - • y-i O t- CO CO t- o O t- c~ 00 • a> p*Jr-c t- Ol CM CM iH iH 1-1 1-1 I-l CO CM a t- t~ CO o o o 5 ,^ Tt< ■* 1-1 o CM ^iS Cfi o t- C-l CO 'tl c~ 00 t- lO tH co I-l lO ■^ Ttl CM ■* o hJ I-l CM CO CD o CO CO o CO ^ t~ CO o CO c^ o ^ t- L^ CO 00 t~ t~ CD o CM -tl t~ o CO CO CM CO tH I-l I-l CM Ol CO o «2 1-1 CO lale pula- ion, 891. CM CM t~ CI C3 t- (35 O lO lO CO CM -* CM CO >ra t~ c>q t~ cm o lO iH CD >o C5 CM o o CM CO CT) OJ^CO o iO CM L- »o CO CM o CJ 00 o iO Ci iH ^ O-^rH t- CM CM CM CM T-l iH rH 1-1 05 Ph CM jj- c» ^3 " ra '^ o »o o lO o lO O »o o »o o lO o lO [2 |i T-l r-t C-1 1 (M I o 1 CO 1 1^ o 1 1 o CO 1 o 1 1 o 1-1 CM CM CO CO ^ ^ >o o CO o t- O ^ ^* CO CO 1-1 tn CM o ^ ^ o 1— • -^^ g 2 c~ o >o o CM o CO o o 00 CM CM w o CD CO o o >o OT CO CM CO rt^ o CM 00 lO • ' rH CD 3 t-1 rH »-d CM O o o o lO o -* OD 00 CO CO CO lO O t^ o o L'- t- L— CO 00 o CO lO CO C5 53^ CO I-l iH I-l tH 00 a2 1-1 CM male jula- 011, S81. a i-i C3 t- CO CM CM 00 t- o I-( o 00 o c- >o t~ CO oq o lO C-1 CM CO o rH t~ o o en L~ lO CO CO lO CJl CO CM CM I-l C5 C3 L~ CO "O CO o o_ ;S(2-- O CM CM iH ^ iH i-l 7-i CM (3 CD ■* °l O iH 1*1 S cS •* CM lO t- Ttl L~ iH 03 t~ CO 00 -n O CJ3 a O rH tH iH I-l ^^fj' o (M I-l CM CM iH T*l iH MO o -f -tl c-1 C75 -tl Oi re t- -tl t- 1-1 C3 l- CTJ o L- CO o o L~ t- 00 CT5 I-l CO CO L- ^ "^ rH o iH rH r~i 1—1 ■* CM S'/) 3 2 iH CO t^ "O lO o -^ Ol 'Jl o 1-1 CO O CO cr> iH 00 CO «5 _-^ CD CO lO o CO CM C-l lO iH lO C3 O o iH CO CO 5S..2S O 05 >o CD o -* rH I-l o L~ L~ o -* L-- O CM 01 CM iH 1-1 '"' *"* iH CM ^ ,— ^-— ,. ' c , CO ■S"S 3 nS'O 111 O O o "O o lO o lO o lO 8 1 lO o >n a iJ T-4 I-l 1 1 oo CM 1 CM 1 o CO 1 CO 1 I 1 •o c!, 1 O iH r-l CM JI lO O o o L^ 1 ;U'J EnglamVs Becent Progress. ASIIBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH. Ee<;istration District. Population (Males). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. 1891. Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. 1901. '"^^Zouch ^.' ^^"} ^'''^^O^ ^^'^21 lS,bl& 22,890 16,526 ' 17,847 Retransfers (deduct) 55 18,521 55 22,835 17,897 21,351 50 50 I 17,847 ! 21,301 The district includes : — Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. Coalville (colliery) . 8,047 7,234 11,222 15,281 *Ashby-de-la-Zouch . 2,244 2,482 4,496 4,726 Rural parts 12,599 11,635 20,755 24,234 22,890 21,351 36,473 44,241 Urban district. Appendix C. 343 w o P o < P >^ PQ W CO ■; 1 t- CO Oi CM 00 CD c» .a »o CD L~ tH rH .0.2 cs r-l rH T— ( S c8 o5 ^ CM -* C3 iO 7-{ «s 1-1 10 CO rH CM rH »rd 10 CO C^l CM oo t- t- CM 10 1 CD CTl •^7 01 lO 10 L- t- CO 00 00 00 (73 CM 10 CO rH rH CO l§ 1-1 CO ""as - - 1 Tj< CD CO t^ r-l 1-1 00 CO CD CD t- ■* Ci CD rH ma on 891 CM (N 00 (N CM 10 C3 ■* (,-l CD CO t- CO d CD ^ CM 00 t- t- 0) -J ^ 1 (N CN cq rH iH rH rH 7-t CM c' 03 CO CO lO rt< ■* -* lO (M ^ -* t- 00 IM 00 • t- CO <33 10 CO CO CO t- t- •^ P 00 CD CD t- t- t- t- CO CO CO 10 rH 7-i rH Q2 tH co 1 ■* r-^ ■* CN co t- 'it 10 00 CO ^ t- CO co 10 t- m 01 cq ■* 10 co ■* CD C55 CD t- CO ^ 5a.2S i-i ■* tH CM >o CO rH 00 C- CD Ph t- 01 Ol CM CM rH rH r-\ T-{ c 2 ■" .s • • iC 10 lO kO (3 lO "O s s ce a tH t-H (M Ol CO CO -^ -* iC 10 t- to 5J 10 10 A) 10 10 >o 10 (M CM CO CO ■* '^ »o lO "^ C a' rH i*-l ^ rt T-i rH • °o gg CO c» •* rH lO rH CM t^ lO TJH t- rt'l ui 00 CO iH C3 rH t~ rH CO rH CM 9 1-1 10 ■*! iH rH c^-d 03 i-l -* e35 "* rH 00 rH CM CO S2 Ci CD t- t- CD t~ t- CD t- 00 CD CO t- §s rH Q» rH ii i« . . r-l to tH 10 Ol rH Ttl >n CM t- rtf 10 CO 00 t- t- CD t- m CD C» t- 8 CO Ol GO ^ 10 lE.2g t- "O (M 00 'il CM T-{ 00 CD L- »o 10 -*i 00 iS^S*'" »o (>1 CM iH iH iH rH rH 01 CM . 1 d en Tj( tof ions Gai ' j-\ "i 2 t- CN CO y-{ t- CM 00 ■* >C ^ sp " 10 r> CM t- C^ CM CO ■^ CO CO ■* Ph3 i-( iH CO CO rH rH • -^ l-J 1 rH oTd CO 10 CD 01 CO CI 10 ■O CO •H t~ 10 Oi •^ ? CO CD >o 10 10 CD t- l~ CTl CM "5 CO i-< rH y-^ Ig rH CO -, =8 t- CD Ol CO t- CO CO >o 03 CC CM CM 10 5S..2S -^ T-l CO L- 00 CM ■^ CM rH -* r»1 10 C-l c^ L~ CO CM 00 00 L~ ^ +J *H Ph «0 (N (M tH ^ rH r-i rH CO CI ,— •^— ^ 1 a • • 13 TJ » .:i >o 10 ■0 "O 10 "O lO S^ c« a .-( rH .A 6 < ^ 1-1 CM o\ CO CO •>*l rH "O >o CO CO t~ 344 England^ s Recent Progress. NORWICH Population (Males). Population (Females). Eeglstration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Norwich . Blofield . . St. Faith's . 40,288 5,647 5,600 46,623 5,824 6,034 46,623 5,824 6,034 51,065 5,700 6,143 47,554 5,971 5,818 54,347 6,201 6,149 54,347 00,668 6,201 6,145 6,149 6,424 51,535 58,481 58,481 62,908 59,343 66,697 66,697 73,287 The district includes : — 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. Norwich (boot making, commerce) Rural parts .... 51,065 11,843 60,668 12,569 100,970 24,208 111,733 24,412 62,908 73,237 125,178 130,145 The area assigned to Norwich is perhaps too large ; yet the proportion of rural population is much smaller than in some other cases, such as those of Chester and Lincoln. Apart from the Normch City Lunatic Asylum and the Bethel Lunatic Hospital, there is a county asylum in Blofield, which in 1901 contained 351 male and 490 female lionatics. The net addition to population caused by this county asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 374 males 469 „ 411 females. 503 The numbers of military men varied as follows : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 nil. 619 468 Appendix C. 345 ^ (M (M i-l . IM CO in Ml 2 O CM t- cn • • CO ll • S£-- 05 t- t- o CO "O in 1*1 CO CO CO CM CM CM ■Ml r-( d t- t~ CM C . li t- 1* rH rH •1—1 r3"S 03 o t- C33 1-1 o o o 1-i in CO «=; CO ^ o 00 lO OS 05 CM • CO 0-J • CO O Ol lO (M o iH I-l • iJ iH iH CO „-o t~ t^ Oi t~ lO iH 1-1 1-1 GO t- ^ o in CO •^ 5° t- o iH lO CO C5 1* 00 o ^ o 7-( in gs CM tH CM (M CM CM CO CO ■^ ■* in CO t- ^ CO q2 lO (M rtg w o CO in '^ CO CO CO (M C-1 CM r-t ■^ P^Ol 1-1 t- d t- CM Til a> 00 ■* CM ^ 05 o CM I-l -* 00 00 t- CO • Cn CM 00 cn 00 -* cn r-t CO t- CM ■1-^ t~ m >0 00 1-1 CO o rtl CO rH t- in CO rH O CO 03 o CI o CO lO ■o •H CO CO CM CM 01 CM r-\ t-i j—\ Ph iH L~ ii*- 3 • • cn o >o o >o o in o in o in o m O lO cti iH 1-1 ^c^ CM 1 to CI CO 1 CO 1 o lO s in 1 in in 1 o CO .A i ici, 2 in ^ Q i-l CM or CO CO -SI ■* in m CD t- L- 3 346 Eitgland's Hecent Progress. WAKEFIELD. Population (Males). Population (Families). ReRistration District. Census, 1S91. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 45,283 50,636 50,382 254 50,036 57,120 315 57,435 43,830 49,068 Wakefield Ketransfers \ (add) . ./ 48,820 248 55,245 323 49,068 55,508 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. 20,512 Females. 1891. 1901. Wakefield (engineering, colliery) 20,901 38,832 41,413 Stanley (colliery) ..... 6,317 5,973 10,297 12,290 Horbury (woollen, colliery) . 3,146 3,590 5,673 6,730 Normanton (colliery, railway service) 6,635 5,717 10,234 12,352 Sandal Magna (colliery, railway service) . 3,425 3,418 5,082 6,843 Ardsley East and West (colliery, railway i service) . . . . . ./ 3.815 3,662 6,421 7,477 Eothwell (part of) (colliery) . 2,574 2,299 3,967 4,873 Rural parts ...... 10,696 9,085 18,696 20,381 57,120 55,245 99,202 112,365 The statistics of this district indicate that it is much influenced by tlie coal mining element of its population. The West Eiding Lunatic Asylum here contained in 1901, 808 male and 737 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — In 1881-90 . . 910 males ... G59 females ,, 1891-00 . . 1,070 „ ... 678 „ Appendix C. 347 J 00 lO 05 (£> t- 05 4 a a (D Q CO • »- 2 a • rH d • ' 2.2 O O t- o ^ "* rtf CO rH CO o o CI CO ■ CT rH lO o y-{ CI CO in CO CI I:- O e3j:< Ol r^ Ol CM CI CO CO CO CO CO ■^ tH in qs ^ rH C5 male pula- on, 891. CO CO r-^ t- CO rH CI 00 t~ CO Tj< CI y-{ in CO rH (M O C5 CO xH o 05 o rH in t^- in CD ■^ o (M tr- 00 CJ oi_ CO rH CO T-H r-i H C-l 0-1 CI CO CO ■^ -* tH in TlT T-\ o ^ i-t ir> 00 rH 00 •<*< ^ CI 00 CO 00 y-\ a QD CS - . T-l O ^ CM Ol in C2 o in 05 CO in t- 00 CO O Tj< (M 05 CO CO O t- CO t- CO 00 co C5 in CO sg-ls OO CO CO O in -* ■* co CO d CI rH rH 7-\ 00 Ph iH 3 n3 CO Ho-S o >o o in o in o in o in o in o in T-l tH CI oi CO CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 -< o 0-1 co o CD o rH 05 in in in -t1 CO CI CO o -* o CO CO rtl S o! ::! o Ol CI c-l CO CO •* rH ■•*l •m ■^ •* -n o o3 'it rH o rH ?D rt CO -* C5 C:5 in CO CT> ».5 - • L- CO C-l o o t- rH CO i-t rH in ■^ ai ml tH Oi CO C5 CI o co CI CO CO t~cD rH lO -H -n ■^ CO CO CI CI r-\ rH rH rH CI CD a rrt tn PI'S 5! 0-5 O 'O o >o o Ui o in o in O in O in !2 Oh 1j .— " rH tH 01 o« CO CO "V CO AA 1 rS ^ A A J, 6 in ^ lA o • tH o Ci o C5 ° 2 O CM CO tH tH CO •3'S ■ L-- t- tH C-) 00 a CM co a> CM tH iH «^ ^ tH iH ■ oTcJ T-l (M lO lO o U3 cq iH CO o CM ■^ ■* lO 00 Ol o CO CM ■o t^ tH CO CO lO iH t^ (M o CD CO T— t iH CM C<1 (M CO CO CO CO -^ ^ lO 'SI lO «2 CO ""• CO male 011, 891. >c oq -* CO CO tH CO o tr- '^ a o CO CO CD lO o t~ iH t~ t- (M t- CO io tH m CO CO ■^ (^ Oi »0 CO o -* CTi o O CO rH 00 >* tH 05 00 S^--^ -* o »o »o ■* ■<* CO CO CO CM CM tH iH iH iH CM T-H CD d , . , , . t:- O CO O B ce • • ■ " • • tr- CO -S.2 O gll • rH CO t~ CO 00 (M tH lO lO tH 05 O cc CO t- ro tr- CO o CO lO CO CO iH • • o »i^ o >o >o ■^ ^ CO CO CO CM 00 tH iH tH tH CO 2 • • CO rt O ■- O uo o o o lO o lO o lO o lO O lO c3 ?: tea S T-l i-H (M oq CO CO tH -* lO lO o O tr- t~ o o lO o lO o >o o lO o lO Q io o I:- 3 Q iH >H CM CM CO CO Tt< Til lO lO CO CO Ir- w a ■* o tH o co O °o o tH t- CO lO rH S tS a> bo • o '* IC t- I:- 00 tH o iH PhS m o (M -* tH ^ CM tH • tH >^ Hi iH tH tH iH oTo o CO CO CO CO CO tH c:3 CM O HI (75 "* o O •^? C5 t- CTJ CO ■^ -* ^ ^ ir- O lO o lO CO O T-H I-l t-l CN o C5 >o (-, o CM lO o CO o tH CD t- O 03-3 C'-! (M O CO t~ CO o lO t- CO CO O tH -H CO CO |E.2g -* o ,H tH tH o tH O tH r-l CO lO (M o lO tH P»^A< .-1 iO TjH •^ ^ CO (M CM L~ tH tH (M (M CM o o >ra o >o o lO o lO lO 04 ^SS 1 1 o o Ol 1 CI CO 1 lO CO cA T lO T o ■o 1 lO ■O 1 1 lO CO l- 1 lO a iH I-l CI CM CO CO ■<:< •^ lO CO o L- L- O 350 EnglancVs Bcccnt Progress. YORK. Population (Males). Population (Females). ^If^'MirV**" Census, 1891. District. ' Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 18S1. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. I 1901. York . . . .38,091 Rotransfers 1 (add). ./ •• 39,857 39,804 ; 45,389 53 67 39,857 45,456 38,604 41,658 41,601 57 41,658 46,623 68 46,691 The district includes 1901. Population. Boroughs, (fee. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Y'ork (railway service, confec-'i tions, carriages, commerce) . j Rural parts .... 38,147 39,767 7,242 i 6,856 67,841 77,914 13,564 14,098 45,389 46,623 81,405 92,012 The camp at Strensall, with 358 soldiex's, accounts for the excess of males in the rural parts. The North Eiding Lunatic Asylum is also outside the city. It contained in 1901, 349 male and 341 female patients. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — ■ In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 405 males 506 „ 343 females. 349 The numbers of military men in barracks, &c., varied as follows :- In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 1,617 1,368 1,559 The county hospital must attract patients from some distance. The ratios of deaths in this institution to total deaths were : — In 1881-91 „ 1891-01 Males. 4-5 per cent. 6-5 Feniale.=.' 2-5 per cent. 3-9 Appendix C. 351 B t- -5+< >o t~ tH CM >o CO CD a CO cn t~ CO 10 CO 00 (M CO CM .-1 1 t- CO 10 CO ■ • • «§ rH rH CJ3 10 rH . . 1 TO O r-( iH CO tn CM (M CM 10 CO rH rH •=?? 00 VO t- rH CM -* t- O} CD CM CO CO >n C3i n^ t- i-l rH CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO ■^ CD a Q2 05 rH t~ i2 C8 . . 23gg 00 ■^ t- CO t- t- lO CO "O t~ CO 03 CO CO CO t- CM t~ CO t- ■* r^ CO Gi c a..£S o CO 00 CO t- o§ iH t- ■^ rH CO rH s g ' (U to "5 CM CO 01 t~ CD 1-^ rH 10 CO rH tH T-l rH » oTo CO ■* a CO 00 00 t- CD CO rH rH 00 CO ^ •^? -* CO tH CM 10 CO tH t- CM t- CM C35 11-^ CO rH iH CM CM CM CO CO CO CO -* -o t~ t~ CO c~ CO CO CM ■* Ci Q (M CT> t- >o t~ »o t- ^ CJ rH CO CO Mai opu tion 1891 t-^QO CO CO CO CO t- o >o 10 10 >o c-> lO 10 fl £5 1-1 iH 1 1 00 Ol 1 10 CM 1 CO 1 10 CO 1 i 10 1 1 10 10 10 1 10 1 tH Ol o CD CO t~ -• (M M ■^ TJH • rH rH 03 ;=§ >-l CO CJ5 lO ^ CM CM r-i t~ ■^ rH 00 (n rH t- 10 'i* CO • CM rts ■* CM rH CM CM rH rH ^ l-I rH 2"S .-1 iH CO 00 CO CM t- Oi ■* t- CO 00 »o (M •rH CO t- t- t- a> ^ L^ te OT t— rH (M CM CM CM d CM 01 CM CO ^ -* 10 b- 02 o 10 Oi 00 00 ■* CO rH rH CM t- Oq CD (M (M CO rH tH CM rH rH 05 rH CM as CO CO Oi 10 rH t~ CO 00 UO CO rH »o C B..5 :o 1-1 -rH Tj* CO CM (M CM rH rH rH 7-{ CM =^Pl rH >o fl ■o • CO >o rH CM CM CD ,-{ •^ 00 iC C5 -X CO era >o t- 00 •-( CO ■* (73 >n 00 iH 1-H CM CM CM CO CO CO CO CO ■^ lO CM 01 Sen 02 CO rH 00 ci„-j 00 00 10 d t- 10 CO r-i CO 00 00 00 rH Oi CO 05 .-1 t- t- CM ■^ CM en rH CM rH OCi (N t- y-i >o CM CO •* CM Oi t- CO 1^. *-> -H CM Ttf -# •rH -* CO CO CM CM Ol rH rH j—i Ph iH 10 s ^ ^ ^ , ^ . ^ ^fc, s 13 ej O'S -13 S O)-- S 'O >o 10 >o 10 >o "O ^1 12 S' 1 1 1 CI 1 CO 1 1 f t 10 1 1 "? ^ L- L- 1^ >o 10 10 10 10 "O Q r-( rH (M CM CO ■^ ■^ 10 >o CO CO I- 352 England's Recent Progress. YARMOUTH with LOWESTOFT. Popiiliition (Males). Population (Females) £e$;istratiou Districts. Census, 1891. Census ., 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. ! 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1S91. 1891. 1901. Yarmouth . Mutford 21,791 22,208 14,763 16,076 22,208 16,076 22,955 20,658 24,449 26,526 15,707 18,947 26,526 18,947 27,749 22,680 36,554 38,284 38,284 43,613 40,156 45,473 45,473 50,429 The distr ict includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Population. Males. Females. i 1891. ■.'I *Great Yarmouth (part of) (com- merce, fishing) Lowestoft (fishing) . Eural parts 22,955 14,061 6,597 27,749 I 48,734 15,789 i 23,347 I 6,891 I 11,676 50,704 29,850 13,488 43,613 50,429 83,757 94,042 * Only a small fraction is outside this district. The fishing interest in Lowestoft employed 1,312 men against 531 in Yarmouth, hut of course much depends on the numher of men absent at sea, and tlaus not enumerated. There is an important " pleasm-e " element at each of these watering places, and consequently a large proportion of residential population. The numbers of military and naval officers and men in barracks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels varied as follows : — In 1881 . . „ 1891 . „ 1901 . The influence of these figures on male population at certain ages must have been considerable. 220 military, &3. . . . 2 552 on board vessels 187 477 429 738 Appendix C. 363 >* ol <-) CO i-r5 1-1 rH rH en .^ i-H (N rN 4 , rH ■* t^ rH o = § =; iH * • • r-t rH O Id i CT rH CO CO Tti o S M ■^ 3 tM cq T-t aTd d 00 lO to en lO o lO »o >o o CM 05 a> .a 7 T-H -* CO lO t- en. CM CO o I-I O O o 00 O rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CM CM CO -* •<*1 ) CM CSI CO CO CO ■>*l lO o o2 CO rH 00 rH CD CO t:~ CM ^ 00 •* c:5 o o o lO 05 00 lO sill lO O 'if -n rH o lO CO c~ o lO (75 CO CO CO -* CO CO 00 lO t- '^l CO >-• o t~ 'H rH rH rH t- -s- CO lO >o -:H CO Ol o o lO o >o O >o o >o O lO el 1-1 ^ I 1 o o CM 1 »o CM 1 o CO 1 lO CO 1 >o Til 1 o lO 1 lO »o 1 o to 1 lO CO 1 1 lO 1 o T-l CM (M CO CO rtl ^ >o lO o o t- Q • •S o O t- CO rH o 00 ci c- I-l rH CM to 00 °o o 1-1 1-1 3 =4 a> to «3 C-l to t~ CM 05 00 »o K> c~ T-l co CO 00 tH »o ^ o co lO CM 1-1 iH o 1^ rH JS "^ .0 C5 00 00 „ -* o t- t- t- (M CO i CO CO CM t~ co te-S C rH O CO o t~ to o C-1 o oo o CO CO ^ l- 00 CM Fem Popi tio vO M lO C3 O "* o to CO rH 00 CO ■^ CM CO 00 CO o rH ^ CO ■*■ CO CO CM CM CM rH tH rH rH CM CO «o d . CO O rH y-{ og »o Tjl O CM • O 1-i rH %t o o o Ol C» CO CO 'O O CO to QJ to tft o o cr^ CO CO o CO C5 i-< CO o (^^ c >o CO o CO CO 1-1 1—1 en r-1 i-I 1-1 1-1 •o IO CO 05 tH -H ^ CO CO o CO lO O ^ "T^ ^ >— ' -H O lO lO CO CO CM CO -tl I-I CM 00 o o CO 2. S..2 ;:g OI CO ■^ C3 O CO >o CM o 00 lO CO CM 05 t- C30 ''•(2*^'^ I-I >* CO CO CO Ol CM CM I-I tH iH tH r-t s g /— ^-N K o« O lO o >o O »o o >o O lO o UT) O lO fo-a 1-1 r-( Ol CM CO CO T "O f lO »o o CO t~ I- -i; ^ o c^c^ »o r^ >o cA J >o A 1 J 1 >o A "^ ^ rH 0-1 C-) CO CO ■^ -li lO to l~ » D 2 A 354 England's Becent Progress. irswicH. ropulalion (Males). ropulatlou (Females). Resistr.itioii i)isti'icts. Census, 1S91. Censiu , 1901. Census, 1891. Censu. , 1901. 1881. 1891. li91. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Ipswich . Woodbridge . 23,608 11,203 26,514 11,725 26,693 11,634 31,181 12,422 26,712 11,542 30,567 11,994 30,740 11,916 35,449 13,160 Retransfers "1 (deduct) ./ 3i,811 38,239 38,327 88 38,239 43,603 305 43,298 38,254 42,561 42,656 95 48,609 320 42,561 48,289 The district includes Population. Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1891. Ipswich (engineering, com- merce, staymakiug) * Woodbridge . . . . Felixstowe (residential) . Rural parts . . . . 31,181 2,1.35 2,702 7,585 35,449 2,505 3.113 7.542 57,433 4,480 3,507 15,563 1901. 66,630 4,640 5,815 15,127 43,603 48,609 80,983 92,212 * Urban district. There is here a borough lunatic asylum, but irrespective of that there is a county lunatic asylum in Woodbridge district, which in 1901 con- tained 242 male and 323 female patients. The net addition to population caused by this asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 284 males 345 „ 305 females. 301 „ The military and persons on board vessels were enumerated as follows : — In 1881 . . 268 military ... 128 on board vessels. „ 1891 . . 369 „ ... 166 „ 1901 . . 448 „ ... 155 „ „ Appendix G. 355 Pl, c o CO 00 CI »o CO CO iH o CO 00 ^ CO t4-l '^ CO , t- lO o d d CO r.s O to CM rH rH iH iH '"' S S rH 0) tfi (« CO o iH <^ Hi (M sf^ o C-1 Ol CO 00 t- CO <-, >o ■* o d o •^ -^ t- CO o o ^ CO o '^l CO 05 1-1 iH cq Ol d CI d d CO a:> Oft OS OJ d t~ Female Popula- tion, 1891. lO Ol CO CO '^ »o t- d ^ CO rH "O 05 t- 00 O o t- CO o 00 o CO t- GO 1-1 T)( CO CO iH CO 00 d of d d iH iH rH rH d c ■^ ■* CO I-H CD oo ^ 00 rH 00 CO ■* «*-! 2 O o d »C1 t- CO CO CO rH rH 9 '=3 o CI d 1-1 1-H r-i o ^ •^S w L— 00 O Hi »o ■rtl too lO o 00 00 •^ -* t~ OS 03 t- O CO cn CO 5° 00 CO CT ^ L- Oi o d »o S 00 1-1 r-l l-^ d d d d CO CO CO ^ o QS oq ^ o o lO o lO o lO o lO o >o O lO ail 1 : o o CM i 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o o 1 3 1 ■-7 o i-H 1-1 CN CI CO CO ^ ^ CO •^ ^ Q c CO t- CO >o CO o o o a :e ■^ >o d CO CO rH o lO o r-l 1-1 "Bla S 3) CO CO o 1-1 00 CO PhS • t- CO ■rH 1-H • *l lO l- tsri* CO iH I-H rH CI d d d d d Q2 cq o o CO O o> 00 CO 00 o en lO o rH CO t- o ^ ci CO CD CI Ol CO iH o Ol »o t- UJ CO CO CO O t- d t~ lO CI o C/J E o..^ '5 f^(S "' •* -* co CO d d d 1-H rH rH rH d , 1 =• o CO CO iH tM Oi d t- tof ions Gai CO t~ CO • CD • CO "1 .^ i-H O CO d ^ d t- ^1 i , l^ m O) CO rH •^ • '^ Hi rH m"d ■* lO tr- CO CO lO CO CO o O lO f" SR <5 £7 lO ee o d •* CD CO 1-1 1-H r-1 d d d d d CO CO ■* •* 1* ■>il «2 cq rH t- C5 CO CO CO ^ t- CO L— ■^ CT> rH CO CO lO lO L~ I- O CD •>* CO CO CO CO O S 5..: ?. 05 t- 1-1 ■<*( CO CO CO CO CO of of I-l d" rH iH rH rH rH rH of co" i:^ iH CO ::: "ri t3 O "O o lO o >o o lO O lO o >o l"^ a, iH iH 1 CO 1 CO 1 o o 1 1 o 1 3 1 1 o 1-1 I-H CI CI CO CO ■^ -Jl •-" =! p A 2 356 England^s Recent Progress. NORTHAMPTON. Populatiou (Males). Population (Females). Kegistratiou District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census. 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1891. 1901. ISSl. 1S91. 1891. 1901. Northampton Retransfers ' (add) . ./ 31,520 38,734 38,705 29 42,924 39 32,724 40,583 40,551 32 46,431 42 38,734 42,963 40,583 40,473 The district includes :- Boroughs, &c. lOoi. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Northampton (part of) (bootmaking) Rural parts ...... 39,692 3,232 43,243 3,188 72,893 6,363 82.935 6,420 42,924 46,431 79,256 89,355 The portion of Northampton beyond the district is in Hardingstone district, and lias 4,086 inhabitants on 382 acres, being therefore densely peopled for a suburb. There is a county lunatic asylum within the district which in 1901 contained 446 male and 444 female patients. The net addition to popula- tion caused by this asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 485 males 544 „ 436 females. 385 The military in this place were not numerous, viz. :- In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 108 185 181 The General Infirmary may probably attract patients from outside. The ratios of deaths in this institution to total deaths were : — ■ Males. Females. In 1881-91 . 7'9 per cent. 4-3 per cent „ 1891-01 . • 8-1 4-9 „ Appendix C. 357 to _. CO CD (M >o tH ■* 1-t (M o§ .S • • • • • (M tH CO o lO CO • • • rH i5*^ O M CO 05 00 >o CO 00 , o 'dl -^ 00 Tjl i-:i >* tocj o l:~ CM CTi t~ CO "* CO o CO t~ CO to CM 12 o rH CD CO o o 1— t CM ^ o o to CO t- iH i-l 7-i T-l CM CM CM CM CM CM CO "* (M 05 «s o CM 05 CO s.§ •3 00 iH (JO : S fee 00 (35 m lO lO CO CM CO rH CO ■* CO to t~ t~ CD CO CD Ol > 00 1-1 r-l 1-1 i-i 00 to d i-H to lO t~ 1-1 cq b~ CM CO oq 1-1 ^_^ to £? lO ^ CD o CM -* to 00 iH to o -tl to * rH 00 PS CO rH t- lale pula- ion, S91. ■* t~ CD 05 CD ■* CO lO C35 O rd CO o CO CM 00 lO o C~ o I-l to 1-1 CO to ^ CO (M o o t~ CO o '^ I-l CO OI 1-1 CD ^ 05 a> -* CD I«5 O ■« rH CM to ^ ^ •^ CO CO CM (M o o lO O >o o to 1-1 rH (M 1 to o rtH CO CM 1-1 CO tH 00 CM ^ tH CO CD »o CM T*( OJ t- CO Gi ■* iH CO iH CO tH CD CO CD (75 CD O lO -* 00 VO Oi C3 L— ■*! CM (35 CO CM CO ^^^- T-l -* CO CO CO (M CM 01 1-1 1-1 tH J—^ ^ 'SI la «D t- -* o CO Ci CO o 00 « CO Oi CM 1b CO Oi (M iH CO I-l CM CM •^ CD CM CO CO CS CD 1-i (M (M CM iH iH iH rH o CM (O tl) CO o 00 , O 1^ CO rH rno lO o CO CO >o C>1 a CM lO O o CD >o 00 rH c» »o -M t~ o CO -* CD CO t~ o CO t~ iH t- CM l—i T— ) t-l 01 2S,.2':g coco a CO CD t- 0-1 CO CO on 'il 00 05 on a eo CM Ttf m tH to OD t- CO CM t- CO CO c:5 CM g tH CO -H a> -* tH L- tH Ol CO t~ to 1-1 CO L- CO ,fl O WrH CI -M CO CO CO lO r^ X o >o o 1 to A "O 1 O lO S Q iH o lO v CU t~ ''^ 358 EngknuVs Bcccnt Progress. CHESTER Population (Males). Population (Females). Kesistratlon District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1S91. 1 1891. ! 1901. ! 1881. 1891. 1891. 19U1. Chester . . 39,211 Re transfers "| (deduci) ./ 40,717 i 40,865 42,982 148 1 152 40.150 41,995 42,163 45,190 168 162 i 40,717 42,830 41,995 1 45,028 The district includes : — • 1901. Population. Boroughs, I. rban Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1891. 1 1901. Chester ..... 18,121 20,188 37,105 38,-309 Hoole (railway service) 2,538 2,803 3,892 5,-341 Buckley (part of) . . . 1,314 1 , 140 2,192 2,4-54 Rural parts .... 21,009 21,059 39,839 42,068 42,982 45,190 83,028 88.172 There is no striking feature in the occupations of the people of Chester and the same may be said of other old towns, against whoso names no memorandum is placed. This district contains a county lunatic asylum, which in 1901 had 451 male and 520 female patients. The net addition to population caused by this asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 452 males 573 „ 296 females. 558 The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, &c., were In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 344 240 235 The General Infirmary probably admits patients from outside the district. The ratios of deaths in that institution to total deaths were : — - Males. Females. In 1881-91 . . 4-7 per cent. 2-7 per cent „ 1891-01 . • 6-3 4-2 Appendix C. 359 a eq O CO oq «H^ ■* rH Ol CO °| O C5 CO oq oq o Ol o CO o rH to lO cr> t~ o rH CO CO • g «g O rH .H rH rH rH rH rH oT o CO CO CO CO m rH O o CO CD o o 00 o rH 5? o2 in O CO m t- o rH ^ CD cm' rH iH Ol oq oq oq oq CO CO CO ^ «i CD rH t~ in o C2 o CO CO in ^ m t- ^ oq C5 oq O o CO t~ '* rH r~ t~ CO L— ema opu tion 1891 CO t- o in CO C3 CO CO ^ r~\ o CO in oq CO to 1-1 ■* •<# Ti4 CO CO oq Ol oq rH i-H rH rH oq »fM iH c O t- t- t- °| C3 • CO Ol co O sle o ^ oq o CO in ^ in CO t- oq in in in L— ca CO rH o ^i c 1-1 T-l in o ^ rH o of oTo o ai CO o CO C5 CO in CO in oq co in o t~ CO "* CO OJ CO t~ rH CO rH rH oq oq Ol oq CO CO Tji ^ ■^ in CO 05 of rn" t- (M C3 t- CO CO rH in CO oq rH T-{ ,-1 CO t- crs ® 5 „-^- iH O CO ^ CD t~ o t~ O l-~ t~ C5 t- "S 3 os r-l CO CO CO CO 00 oq CO ^ o a CO Ol o StsS C* •^ in CO q2 C-1 7-< t~ t- CO ^ o rM ■^ -* CO oq CO CO CO oq ■* CD t- r-i O in oq oq o C^J t~ CO t- S3 S3 CO ^ t- lO C^ CO C5 o CO rH L^ CO Ttl rH oq t~ 3 a.2 M '^ CO CO Ol oq oq Ol rH rH T-{ ,-i Ol r-^ P^Pw r-l a cq iH m o| cS rH (N h- • * O CO in CO o CO o 00 o in CO 00 9S. s s 03 CO t- t~ 1-< t- CO oq in rH • CO S Ph5 o CO T-( o CO -# oq rH of m o CO Ol in CO t~ t- -* in rH CO -* co y-t CO CO c^ CO in L~ o CO m CO rH CO C5 CTl li CO of tH Ol oq oq CO CO CO CO "* rH ■>* oq rH t-^ iH t- in CO CD a o t^ in rH o ^ t- O Ol oq » =« . . 01 iH CO rH Ol o -t< o CO CO t~ o CD o Mai opu tion 1881 CO 01 of >o rH CO C5 of of oq of o Ol rH in rH rH 7-t (i< ■H ■ij— 5 . -^1 cj 0-- o >o o in o in o in o in o in P in in ^ tc'sg 1 1 o o oi 1 1 o CO 1 in CO 1 o 7 in 7 o in 1 in in in CD 1 O 1 in S ft I-l rH w OJ CO CO Tt< -* in lO CD CD t- •■- 3 360 England's Recent Progress. EXETER. Population (JIales). Population (Females). E^gistration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. Exeter . .16,759 St. Thomas . 1 22,376 39,135 16,689 16,689 24,506 24,506 41,195 41,195 16,848 25,491 20,910 25,792 42,339 i 46,702 20,879 j 20,879 28,347 ! 28,847 20,870 29,881 49,226 49,226 ' 50,751 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Exeter 21,401 25,784 45,766 47,185 Heavitree (military, residential) 3,502 4,027 6,267 7,529 Exmouth (residential) ..... 4,237 6,248 9,292 10,485 *Budleigh Salterton (residential) .... 694 1,189 1,775 1,883 Rural parts ....... 12,505 13,503 27,321 26,008 42,339 50,751 90,421 93,090 Urban district. The County lunatic asylum and Western Counties idiot asylum, both situate in Kenton, aggregated in 1901, 679 male and 762 female patients. The net addition to population caused by these asylums was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 500 males 597 „ 458 females. 544 Irrespective of these, there is another lunatic asylum proper to the Borough of Exeter. The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, &c., were: — In 1881 . . 399 „ 1891 . . 464 „ 1901 . . 569 Appendix C. 361 t- t- o r-i rH CD oo"-—' ■* Ci CO (M I* CO t- O 1-1 iH Oi >o o iH CO 5? •^ CO o CO CM tM Tjf t- 1-1 CO CM -* (35 (35 •rtl CN i-H CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO ■* »o CD lO t- o2 (M CM CO male pula- ion, 891. ^ o t- Oi ^ o CO O -* ^ CM CD CO lO C35 t~ O if tH CO CO (M IM CM CM iH iH CO O T-H CO ^ tM __^ O lO ■>*l O C75 C73 '^ m c4 lO '^i tM CO ^ CM r-l "* og 1-1 1-1 1-1 r^ S'-S lO CO CI O CO iH S To CO CO o 1-1 -* o p^=; CM 1-1 C5 tM CO >-l T-H iH oTo CO <7» iH 7-\ CO CD t- o CM o CO CO ^ iH CO 5? CTl CD 00 1-1 (M »o trj CO lO Ol ^ tM c:i CO "O |S to T-l tH tM tM (M CM CO CO CO -ii lO lO 00 lO o2 CM iH 00 "■^a^ CO C2 t- >n CO CO CO CM CO Oi CO CM cn CM lO CO Ol o CO lO CO ^ CO t- 00 1-1 CM 1-1 Tji CTl t- (35 tH OD 00 00 r-l tM (J3 CD CO IM m CD ■^ CM CD CD 1^ 3 4^r-l iH -^ tH ■5H ■^ CO CM CM CM CM 1-1 1-1 iH (M IM PL| rH lO ^a^ 3 • n:}'^ o >o o lO O lO o lO o lO o lO o lO ^ ^ o --r 3 iH i-H (M (M CO CO Tt< ^ lO lO o CD t- t~ c3 g < 0) o 1 : o o 1 lO 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 O >o 1 o Q iH rH (M CO CO -* • • o i-f >o -* CM iH t- S"2 tM CD (M o CM CO CO r-i O CD CM IC CO CM CM CD CO o CO ■^ lO CO O tH '^ iH IM CO lO t- rtri^ '^ r-l tM CS) CM CM o? CO CO CO ■* lO o ^ 00 Q °^ C>1 CM 00 D •. ■^ (N ^ tH '^ 00 ^ t- iH Til o -* CO tH CM CO mal )ula on, 381. O ^ tM lO CO o 1* tH b- iH o O >o CO (M o ,-(0 t- >n CD iH >o r-> t- cq CD CD 00 » O-PrH CM »0 tH • o -tl o CO t^ ■>* L- "^ -H CO I-l Ol (M tM (M 01 CM CO CO CO tH "0 00 HI 02 CI lH 00 CO t- lO CTJ (M C- >o CM C30 „ 00 CO o o (35 CO "- -"r^ CO T-t CO C5 rH t- •^ l- Oj CO -* CO 1-1 t- CM Ol 3p..2?g CO i-( t~ CO O i-H CD co iH Ci t- "O ■^ CM lO CI lO ~tt -M -H 1-1 I-l 1-1 1-1 iH iH PM iH 'O a , . , , . ^ 00 nd'O o >o o >n o lO O lO o lO o lO o >o fl H 1 1 oo CI 1 lO (M CO 1 CO 1 1 o 1 lO lO CO 1 1 S 3 ^ s r-t r-( t- CM iH ° 3 o CM T-l 1-1 iH '* 3 cS 0) tc «S CO t- O CO CO ^ CO 'SI 2? t- o 05 lO o CO tH CD o 1* CO iH in 00 t- O iH CM lO CO L- O CM in CO CM CO CM CO cq (M ■-I T-l 1-1 1-1 I-l n o IC o »n O in o in c-> in O in a ^ ^r.-i T-l rH I 1 (M 1 (M 1 CO 1 CO 1 'SI 1 1 in 1 in 1 O 1 o 1 1 1 fe < t; i; c o lO o lO o >n o in o in o in o in £j ^H 1-i CM CO T)l CO 1-H r-l I-l iH CM (M (M CM CM CM o o (T> 00 Oi o in I-l 00 CO CM a in (-, o HI lo o o t- ^ CO CO Oi o O iH CM CD o CO C31 O -*! o ^ o lO CO rH o t- idl CM o O L— tH S£=- o -^ -# CO CO CM CM CM CM I-l tH iH iH iH iH CI HI og C '3 C5 : : : : : : : an O CO CD i-l I-l iH I-l tH CM a> Cf) in t- *^. C ♦- ^H O -* CO CO CO CM CM CM CM tH iH iH f— ^ d i-H HI ^ - O lO o >o o lO O in O in O in o in rdtS W'S S ■-( iH 1 1 CI 1 CM CO 1 CO 1 T 1 in 1 m o ^ ^7 1 m ^ <; 33 S OO lO o ■n o in o in o in o in o Q .H iH CM o CO crt irt 00 o O tr- CO a >o cq CM CM Ol o CM t- lO -* CO io t- CO — ~ r ^ CM CD O CO o t^ lO CM o t- CO tH o tr- -* o f^p;"^ O CO CO CO CO CM Ol CM 1-1 1-1 r-l 1-1 1-1 C3 CO J cq CM tr- 00 o CO 00 oq >o CO CM ^ CO o§ a ■^ o io tH CO ■<:« o CO -ai CM CO 1-1 c- rt lO CM 1-1 Ol 1-1 CO S !« o 1-1 (U SB f^a (M ^ 1^ ^ ' * „ . CO t- a I-l t- ^ iH o lO Ol CT 1-1 oq t- oq o Ol o CO ■^ O o o CO o 00 00 ^ t- 1-1 iH 1-1 I-l I-l r-l Ol CM CM CM Ol Ol 00 CM fiS cq »o ©|„-^- oco t- t- C3 CO o 00 o CO CM 00 tr- Ir- CO 1-1 lO T-H t~ CD lO Ol lO »o CO CO O t- tr- CO o lO co C35 lO CO Ol 00 CO CO o 00 lO o CO F^ 0*-.rH oco CO CO CM Ol Ol Ol I-l 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 00 00 s . . . . . . . . CO r-'^ "• O '^ o lo o lO o »o o o o lO o »o o >o I1§ 1 1 o 1 1 CO 1 CO t- L- ■d J <; 4) o oo iO o lO o lO o lO o lO o lO o lO &I P 1-1 1-1 CM CM CO CO -* ■* lO »o CD CO 1^ ir- 3 lO o o o CO CO o O tr- o Ol .-, og rti o Ol 00 Tfl 00 O t- CM CM 1-1 1-1 1-1 CD o s ce Ol lO CO CO I-l r-l 1-1 I-l 1-1 1-1 I-l iH oq oq 00 CO «S iH ^ male pula- on, S81. CM CO t~ 1-1 o CO o en CO >o -* iH CO iH CN t~ o -n CO CO CO lO 00 o Ol t- o O CO 'O -* CO a> lO Ttf Ol o CO lO CO Ol 00 t- CO Ol ^ ^PM 00 CO o OS g -*t (» t- Oi t- 5? L~ o O oq co ••31 t- 00 Oi o iH CO rtl -* o> i-l r-l r-i I-l I-l I-l I-l CM oq CM (M CO CO PS 1-1 ~n Ol T-l lO (O CO CO CO o CO CO ^ CO lO t- -t< L~ CO lO CO tH o o CO •n L- 1—1 -H O Ol CO -tl CO tH -^ ■^ iH CO Ttl Ol o CO o lO CJJ o COCO (M (M Ol Ol oq I-( r-t r-l ?-l CM CO • • • • • • . • ^ O lO o >o o lO o "O O >o o lO o »o c <-< r-l 1-1 CI 1 'O Ol 6 CO 1 'O CO 6 1 3 1 lO lO 1 CO L- 1 "O 1 o P T-H CO ■^ TX >o CO CO L- 306 England's Becent Progress. COVENTRY. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Coventry . *Retransfers ) (deduct) / 21,3G9 1 25,750 i 28,588 : 2,838 1 34,015 4,200 29,815 23,730 27,254 30,195 2,941 36,281 4,338 25,750 27,254 ! 31,943 Chiefly to Foleshill (Nuneaton group). 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. Coventry (cycles, motors, watches) Rural ..... 33,870 36,102 139 ! 179 58,503 280 69,978 318 34,015 36,281 58,783 70,296 There might he a considerable difference in the result of the migrations affecting this place if the whole of the suburbs could be included. Appendix C. 367 c 00 CO CO rH rH o CM CO «*-« tn T*< CO C- CO ^ lO CM CO lO 00 rH CO H< t- iH t- t~ o CO -* ^ lO o 00 tH t~ CO r-i co Is q2 CT rH j-i rH rH iH iH rH CM (M CO CO 03 tH rH HI CO O t- tH CO O iH O Ci O t~ CM CM -* HI CM nial pill a ion, 891. CO 00 CT) lO O CO c:> CD CM 00 O CM CM t- O £3 CD O O c:2 CO la CM O CD CO rH T-< CJi t- lO Oi 00 CO CM CN cm" cm" cm" tH iH tH rH rH rH CO • 1 c r-H "* CO CO CO •* 00 Gi CO tof ions Gai (M CO L— CD J rH HI t- (M iH CM CM ^ =3 tC t4 • ■^ CD m t- lO t- rt-l^ w lO iH t- ■^ 00 rH • • o CM 1^ Hi aTo 1-1 1—1 CM cq o 00 o CO CO o CD o CO o CO 5? o 00 CD CM ^ KO t- CO cr> o CM t- rH t- HI I-( iH iH tH rH r-i CM CM CM CO 00 rH nS (M >o «i^-w (M CT) 1-1 00 00 >o iH o lO r-i T-t CM CT> >o lO o o lO o lO o lO O »o O lO o o a !3 o o lO p. « tH r-l CM CM CO CO •^ -*l »o lO CO CO t- t- ^ n 05 cq CD CM o t- o r-{ CO "o S '3 t- L- CD CO rH CO o rH rH ^.2 o T-l cq (M ■* "5 cS a 5) . CO CO CJ5 CO CO o CO CO CO CO fG C5 o CO O iH CM CO lO t- CJ) CO 00 t~ t- Is >o iH rH iH r-{ rH tH tH rH rH CM CM 00 CM «2 y-i HI 7 -2--^ t~ CO CO CO -* CO HI CO HI iH a CO t- CO HI t- OO CO rH CM L— t- CO c::^ o o O L~ l~ CO rH CO o L— -* CO CM CO HI CO CO rH o CO CO (M rH j^ H« ^ » .- " .^ f^s'"" t- CO C-f CM CM cm" rH tH rH rH rH r-{ rH rH CO c CO Ol O >o CM CO CM a CO rH CM CM t4 o CO CO iH CO "O rH o O CO 't; s ^ rj t-OT CO iH o CO CO rH iH o CO L^ >o rH r-\ £ s..i » ", O ^ 1-1 Ph t^of CT CM cm' iH tH iH rH iH rH CM ^* , * ^ »^-— 5 • n3 ^3 55 - ■— o lo o lO o "O o ■O O >o o lO O >o a a tH iH ^1 Ol o CO 1 '! o HI 1 ■o f o 1 1 o CO 1 o 1 s " % ?^^ (^ 1-1 1-1 CM CM CO CO •<*! ■* >o »o CO CO t- 308 England's Recent Progress. CARLISLE. Registration District. Population (Males). Population (Females) Census, 1S91. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1S91. 1891. 1901. IsSl. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1 1 Carlisle . . 25,253 2G.200 26,200 29,G59 i 27,500 28,985 28,985 33,202 The district iucludes :- Boroughs, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 19(11. Carlisle (railway service, biscuits) Eural parts .... 21,487 8,172 23,993 9,209 39,176 16,009 45,480 17,381 29.G59 33,202 55,185 62,861 This district includes the Cumherland and Westmorehind Lunatic Asylum, which in 1901 contained 346 male and 327 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 349 males 315 „ 283 females. 298 „ The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, &c., were lu 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 213 135 197 The ratio of deaths in the Cumberland Infirmary to total deaths was : — In 1881-91 „ 1891-01 Jfales. 4*7 per cent. 100 Females. 2-7 per cent. 3-9 The increase in such deaths must be taken into account when com- paring the mortality in the two periods. Appendix C. 369 E"* (^ o 00 in CO en o eft (f> lO t+i in •s (i r-l C^J >o ■^ 00 in CO ■^ ■Tjl o in O i c .S Ol ■5H CO rH in is-s O rH gg •^S o C3 CM ' CO ' : If ^1 "* (M O t-l C5 Tti t- Tt< in rH t- C35 in 1 o C5 Ttl 00 CT C35 iH CM CO in C:i ■^ o o o o iH rH tH 1-1 (M (M CM CM in a t- Ci fc_, 03 OJ o iH rH 'Jl CO t~ in O o CO iH r-l ^ (u a o^S lO c~ >o o o 03 rH CO 05 too o o o lO t- a iH 00 O rH o cq CO ■H^ t- s? cq o CM lO CO t- o rH CM in (TJ CO ■^ O t~ o rH rH rH rH CM CM Ol CM CM CO CO C73 ■n q2 CI in »o C5 in t- '^ o •^ CO 00 o CO t- O CN o O o c:^ CN 00 rH in o CM d t~ in co in CO CM C5 CO cq C35 t~ t- CO (M O 00 co oq t- 00 CO CO J o T*! CO lO iH rH t- o o 00 CI rH in o Oq O ^ CO CD a CM CM ■^ t- CD o o CO t- cq iE.2=2 C<1 Tjl o t~ t- Tt< CO CJ3 O "SI Cvl rH Oi CJO ■^ c- S^-- 00 CO CO CM (M CM CM rH r-< rH *~* *"* T-l m CO .^ 1 -s 1 t- Oi 1§ 1 t- CO g rt . 1 CO I-l iH o tJ< CO a in tH (M CO t- tH ai CO CO lO CO CO >o tr-i CO t- in O >o 1-1 CO >o CM iH rH • CM Hi cq s§ 1 CO lO o "* o CO t- CM ■* 00 t~ r-{ Oi CI CO 5? o I-l CM o 00 m O rH CM in Gi t- O r-l iH iH CM CM CM CM CM CI S O) QS cq m Ph i-l CO iH O <3J rH CO in tH CO CO o L-~ CO =2 ■^ -t< lO 05 t- o CO CO CO in rH o in T-l -rH CO Oi CO tH 00 CO c;5 Ol" t- of o a rH 00 t~ to tr- ^ ? CM 1-1 CO lO CO L- 00 00 r-\ ^ "* 10 t- T-{ 1-H 1-H T-\ r-i rH rH rH o\ CM (M CO rH CM §o «2 i-H T-^ 10 male lon, S91. 00 CO 1-1 t~ rH rH 10 rH 00 »o CO tH rH C5 t~ (M '^ t~ CO c:i CO t- CO C^ 10 t- CO tr- 2 rM t- 10 (M ay •^ CM Gi 00 io fePH t- CO CM CM CM CM CM 1-H rH T-\ r^ rH rH ^ CO d t- 00 t- T-{ CO CO >o 10 lO CO CO ■* t- °i m • • 10 CO CM t- 00 CO CO t^ CO Tjl • rH rH rH rH C5 rH S 00 . 3 iH iH CM ■no Ci 10 CO CO C5 # r-1 00 CM o 10 10 0. 1 1 CM 1 CM 1 CO 1 CO 1 1* 1 1 lO "i' ^ V T 1 10 lO m >o 10 »o 1-1 (M CM 00 CO ■^ -* 10 10 to L- '^ « c t- CO 10 to CM C3 • ■^ rH rH 7-\ C^ m| 00 1-1 CO ■>* tH CO 10 1* CM w t- iH t- CO CO C35 rH rH • , « rH 1-1 1-1 t-l CM r-l CO 2" 2 CO cn CO ■rH CO 00 CO CO 05 tr- CO CO -H t- CM »o 10 t- ) CM 01 rH rH 1-H rH rH rH 1-H CO fl on T-\ CO t- t- CO . o§ ■* CM (M OS 1^ -4^ S2 to CO CO t- ■* lO CM CA 05 CO C3 co CO I* • • • ■ Tjl Mg h-i ■^ iH CM o -t CM 10 >o C^ t~ CO — 1 10 ■"— ~r^ C-1 -tl 'O CO L- CM Oi CO I- B CO CT3 CO CO im L- -t< CO a L- -V CO CM 00 t- 10 CM t~ CO C-l CM CM r-\ rH T-{ 1-H r-\ rH rH PM CO a . , CO •sr - rQ TS "O >o 10 >o 10 •0 >o a i3 "5^ rH 1-1 t 1 CI 1 10 CM 1 CO 1 10 CO 1 -r 10 7 1 10 s 10 to 1 ■0 ^ CI CO CO -fi -*1 ■o "O CO I- 2 B 2 372 ^nglamVs Becent Progress, OXFORD. Population (Males). Population (Females). kegisti^tion Disti'ictsi Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1S91. 1 1901. ISSl. ' 1891. ! 1S91. 1 1901. Oxford 10.713 10,220 Headington . 13,426 i 15,586 10,705 10,724 11,473 11,593 12,119 12,172 15,586 1 17,152 15,297 i 19,021 j 19,021 i 21,463 24.139 25,806 Retransfers (deduct) .1 26,770 ; 30,614 ; 31,140 33,625 526 i 670 25.806 ' 27,271 30,614 32,955 The district includes :- 1901. Popul 1891. It ion. Males. Females. 1901. ♦Oxford (part of) . . . Rural parts .... 21,799 6,077 27,483 6,142 45,664 11,767 49,282 12.219 27,876 33,625 57,431 61,501 * A veiy small fraction extends into Berks. The Oxford and Berks County Lunatic Asj'lum and the Warneford Asylum, both in Headington, contained in 1901, 288 male and 359 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by these asylums was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 245 males 343 „ 266 females. 293 Military officers and men were enumerated in barracks, &c., as follows : — In 1881 . . .112 „ 1891 . . .127 „ 1901 . . .241 The Eadcliffe Infirmary seems to attract patients from outside the city. The ratios of deaths in this institution to total deaths were : — Males. Females. In 1881-91 . 8-9 per cent. 4-7 per cent. „ 1891-01 . . 11-5 „ • . .. 7-4 „ Appendix C. 373 374 EnglamVs Recent Progress. MAIDSTONE. Population (ilales). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 18S1. 1 1891. 1891. 1901. Maidstone . 21,984 23,148 1 23,148 23.607 23,131 ' 24,904 24,904 25,179 The district includes :- 1901. Population. Boroughs, Ac. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Maidstone .... Rural parts .... 15,868 7,739 17,648 7,831 32,145 15,907 33,516 15,570 23,607 25.479 48.052 49,086 This district includes a county lunatic asylum at Barming Heath, which in 1901 contained 626 male and 734 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was :^ In 1881-90 .. 1891-00 883 males 948 „ 736 females. 690 „ Military officers and men were enumerated in barracks, &c., as follows : — In 1881 . . . .511 „ 1891 . . . .172 „ 1901 . . . .324 Appendix C. 375 ^ ^ _• CO CM ■* —> "S ~ '3 * iH rH OI CO 3"^ rH iH * CO CO ■^ t~ «s h-l 10 ■^ m tH CO Td -* • iH • • t- !M ^ T-l CO 05 oq CO Oi in CD t- CD oq CD —1 CO CO 00 oq ->* ■* CO CO rH CD oq t~ 000 00 oq 05 00 t- CD Tjl oq 05 t- 10 tU P *i rH CD of <>r of *i in m CO t- Q «•-< ^ c 01 CO -* 03 in Ci rH °.2 '3 I-l CO oq in in CO oq |g D to m CD t- CO m 00 05 iH , T-i J CO CO CD 00 • ■* rH •<*! • CO CM CM CO 00 oTo GO CO CO t~ iH 01 00 oq in CD CD T« £? 01 I-l CI -n >n CD CO CT 00 CD Oi CO g3 ^ .H I-( I-l rH tH tH iH I-l oq oq oq 01 03 CD r-l ••* , ^ ^ (D i CO in CO CT) oq CO oq CD 00 CO b- in 05 .-t; c« - . OCO CO in ^ t- CO oq CO CD -tH oq co 01 CO S 5..2^5 (M CD ^ CO t- CD Til d tH CO t- CO CO t~co Ol 01 oi I— 1 r-l tH t-l iH iH rH fe(5'""' CO a 00 tH 00 Oi 03 1 CO en '3 • tH CD • CO oq oq t- ^ s iH rH 3 g CO t- 'rX CO >o CO ■* 1 in «j 5b CO •rH l- CO CO oq tH 1 CO •rt< OJ -H '^H T-l 1 CO ^ ^-i 1 rH 2" 2 t- cq 05 CO Td in CO 10 CD in CO oq ■* CO ,c Cs CO >n t- iH tH tH CO Q C5 oq "trt t-^ CD I-l rH I-l rH iH oq oq oq oq oq oq CO 00 CO §73 Q2 1-1 CO *-2_-^ (M CD CT> CI CD CO tH iH CO CO in CD t~ in oq (M CO CO t~ -H rH t- tH 1- CD in t- in -x t^ 3 a.2 -^ CO 05 t~ CO 0-1 CO CD CO Ol tH 01 cn I- CD CO t- 01 CM CI oq iH iH iH iH iH tH 05 Pi oq ^ , ■ * ■ ^ (A ■^•^ S T^ri C! O'^ "O in in in ■n in in § iJ .-1 l-t 01 01 CO CO Ttl -n in in CD CO I- t- c8 ?* III 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 ■n 6 1 in 6 .k 6 lA 6 1 ■0 d. .n p^ t~ 3 « 1 I-l T-i Ol 0-1 CO CO ■^ •^ «? in ^ CD L-^ 376 England's Bccent Progress. WORCESTER Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. j fensus, 1891. Census, 1901. 1 Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 18S1. j 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. ! 1891. 1901. Worcester . 19,452 20,242 20,242 22,018 1 21,924 23,724 23,724 25,775 The district includes : — Boroughs, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Worcester (engineering, gloves, commerce) Rural parts .... china, 1 21,496 522 25,128 647 42,908 1,058 46,624 1,169 22,018 25,775 43,966 47,793 The General Infirmary perhaps attracts some patients from outside. The ratios of deaths in this institution to total deaths were : — In 1881-91 „ 1891-01 Males. Females. . 8-3 per cent. ... 4" 2 per cent. . 8-8 „ ... 6-0 Appendix C. 377 o CO C5 Ti CO O rH ^ in tM CT .2 IC lO in • CM CO CO ■^ °| *55 1— 1 CM • T-> i sis m 05 a o CO CQ CM l^S o iH lO rH CO O? rH «^ S * a> lo o CO t~ t- t- J-l Ol ^ •rtf CO CO CO CO rH CO lO o lO •^ (M 00 CO CO CM rH o^ 00 t- ^, rH C Cl..an o lO O in O in O in O in o in ri S-t ■*5"i-i S ^ O S 1 1 CM 1 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 in 1 in CO CO 1 1 3 ^ ** O oo lO o »o O in o in o in ^ in o 12 g^ tH (M CM CO CO ^ ^ in in CO CO t- e ^ O CO o in o ^ 'S »o CO in ■^ CO -IJ.2 O CM rH g g 4> fcO ■ CO IM CO CO CO t~ o o o 00 CO Ol CO L^ 7-i <-i o CO CO h3 CO CO r-i in 2 2 00 CM O T-^ CO 00 1-H lO C5 rH o CI rH ■^ CO .c ci iH Oi O rH rH CI ■^ in t~ CO C5 CI t- o o tew iO tH tH 1-1 rH T-< rH j-{ rH rH cq d CJ3 CO Sco OS T-i Tt( 1-H lO t~ o C5 O Q in CO CO rH in CI o CI in ci-S c i-i ■^ CO i-H ■rt< O O o o tH 00 O in CI CO CO CO £ E.2« CO »o CO CM CO o t- ^ CO 7-i 7-t C5 00 CO d in rH CM -* CO 00 05 rH CO in CO o CI liri^ t- 7-\ rH iH 1-i y-t iH CH CO c:5_ lO ■tH co^ iH (35 00 CD CO CI^ t- o CO CO en CD CO "r* rH o rH T-l rH I-l iH rH rH r-t in r-K §C5 OS rH CO , — '■ — ^ oi„-^- CO Ol lO -rH CO '^l lO CM lO CO OI in ^ rH 00 Ol CO =^ CO CM CM CD CO OI o t~ CO in t~ rH ■^ CO CD O o o o lO CM tH o CO t~ CO tH ^ t- in « a.2 3d ,^_p-Mr-( ■<*< CM tH CM iH rH iH rH rH rH Ah CI . — " — . O) -e"- 3 —."^ si O-^ tJ S O "O o lO o lO O lO o lO o in O in d ca CM 1 CM 1 o CO CO 1 o 1 o lO ! o CO 1 lO o 1 o 1 in o C3 ^ in Qt Q -H iH o CO o t- t~ ^ _; lO o (M rH CO o « cS .-( rH iH CO -W.2 o cq '^ S 2 o to CO lO t- CO CD CO tH rH in (35 «§ 3 CO >o C5 tH O >o CM rH CI CO lO CM ■n o cq S to ^ 'i* to iH Oi CO I-l 1-1 (M CM «3 o 1-1 »o 00 • • in_ ^ M 1 rn" too 1 I-l OD CI HH c» Ml CO a CO in in O t- tH |a> £? o CO t- CO o iH CO 05 GO CO rH e7> CD lO Ci iH cn en CO CO CO CM ■rH 00 rH t) •H O O L-~ CO o C?l o^ O CO O in ^ ^ CO CO >;: a.i -« <0 O *^ f-i »o C-1 >-( ,-i tH CM T-i 1-1 ^^ f^ n\ , • ' ^ fl • • • • • • • m _. TJ * ®'h •n u o >o o lO o >o o >o O lO (3 in o >n (d i5J iH .H CI CM CO CO in •^ lO lO CO CO L- I- a 'f. ii 1 1 o 1 i 1 o 1 1 o 1 lO I 1 ■n i in 2^ Q -H tH CI CM CO CO T»l •rH lO lO CO CO L- L~ 3 380 England's Recent Progress, KING'S LYNN, Population (ilales). Population (Females). Eesistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1801. Census, 1901. l.«Sl. 1 1S91. 1S91. 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1891. 1901. King's Lynn Retransfors 1 9.130 8,971 8,912 10,190 10,07G 10,082 10.026 10,7G0 (add) |_ .. .. 59 8,971 10,2i7 10,082 10,810 The district includes : — 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. I'liil. King's Lynn (commerce, railway! „ g 3 *-l rH If ^ 1-1 o O CO (M CO CO Ol o CO IC lO CO 8 o T}1 'jt rfl CO ■<*l iO o o t^ CD o CO r^ CO r-l rH >o C3^ S Ci q2 rH a . t- CO -* en U5 en. O r-l t~ s m 00 rH tr- rH Is w >o c^ CM o CO o o lO ci o (M io o CO iI-2» L~ .-1 rH o O t- t- o CD lO • CO lO XO r-< 00 t- CO '^ CTl o CI CO rf3 o (M CO rH ■* ■* lO lO o t- 00 00 o rH Ci CO ts rH t- rH rH CO <35 So «2 rH «i„- • o co" t~ Ci d CO Q 00 '^l CO a rH rH o o rH Ol ^ 0-:i lO CO t- Q o >o t~ rH uo CO ,-H o 01 3 pi 0_rH 1-1 O^ C2 o CO CO o ■* ■* CO cq OQ »o 00 1^ 0*iPl (M -H I-l 1-1 rH (^ rH , — "^-^ OJ ci 0-- o lo O »o o lO o lO o lO o lO o lO §1 >0 Q. CM 1 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 o 1 : o 1 o 1 o : lO 1 o 1-1 tH C-l cq CO CO ■* ■* o >o CO o t^ « ^• •^ rji CO CI ■og O CI CO ^^ '■*j S c3 CO CO o cq CO »o >o o t- o CO CM tfl ^ cq o c» o lO »o o CO <35 00 o CO CO 00 05 o CO r-H 00 CM 00 lo o 01 -tl CO CT CO C5 CO cr> CO CO m UO CO >2l2'5 r-l (M o o C5 L- t~ »o >o ■^ CO CO o:) Oi lO (M r-. O W r-( CO 1-1 I-l CJ ^ r-l ^ ~7 '^ ^ m •^tS =5 ra 'O c! 0-- O "O o >o o O o o 1 "C o lO o lO !S «•« 3 Ml a 0) 1-1 1-1 CI 1 o 6 CO CO T o o 1 »o ci ■O Q, O 1-1 cy) O) CO CO ■«JI ■* •o »o o CO L- t- 3 382 EnglamVs Recent Progress. rORTSMUUTlI. Population (Males). Population (Females). Rejristration l»islricts. Census , 1891. Ceusu ,, 1901. Census , 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1801. 19U1. 1881. 1891. 1891. 191)1. Portsmouth . 62,417 76,554 76,554 91,069 65,605 82,724 82,724 97,06t Alverstoke . 11,642 1.3,529 13,529 15,069 9,956 11,925 11,925 13,815 Fareham 8,306 9,484 9,484 10,582 8,517 9,582 9,582 10,594 Havant . 4,125 4,698 4,698 5,198 4,527 5,163 5,163 5, 9 JO 86,490 104,265 104 ,'265 121,918 88,605 109,394 109,394 127,463 The district includes :- Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 19U1. Population. :Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Portsmouth (military, shipbuild-j ing, engineering, commerce) . / 91,069 97,064 159,278 188,133 Gosport (military) 15,069 13,815 25,454 28,884 Fareham (agriculture) 3,840 4,406 7,934 8,246 *Havant ..... 1,8.32 2,005 3,561 3,837 *Warblington .... 1,603 2,0.36 2,840 3,639 Rural parts .... 8,505 8,137 14,592 16,642 121,918 127,463 213,659 249,381 Urban Jijtricts. The wide district allotted to this place included, besides the borough lunatic asylum, a county asylum at Fareham, which in 1901 contained 525 male and 574 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by this county asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 565 males 613 „ 497 females 556 Military and naval officers and men, and persons on board merchant vessels, were enumerated as follows : — [n 1881 . military and naval 6,956 , . on board vessels 864 „ 1891 10,264 .. 246 „ 1901 12,576 .. 375 Appendix C. 383 O 00 t- to o CM 00 00 o ^ o C71 h- CD o ^• o ^ o o en CO t- o L- o t- 'H CO Ol og •S 05 (M CO CD CJ3 CM C-1 r-{ rH CM rH (M CO o cs o r-K 1-1 to gg (u eiD rt^ - oTo t- T-^ O t- CO 1-1 00 rH t- to 00 o tr- rH tr- 5? CO CO lO CO o lO o CD tr- t- 00 00 O CM CM (M s® fl2 t- T-l r-< ^ o male on, 891. CD t- !M iH CO c- »o iH io Ir- o t- 00 CO rH C5 t- t- iH O lO C5 ■* tr- a> t~ t:- CO 0-1 iH (M T-l o^ co O^ o o^ <^ CM io o_ o I:- o rH L- m ■o 00 CO 00 T-\ ^ CO 1-1 i-f 5? 11 l^ t- CD C-1 m ^ o lO o CO O o CT3 o 00 T-l CO ^ o o t~ CO QO CO d o rH rH -o CM CO t- o en -* CO 7-^ •<*l O 00 CO t- (3) lO »o o ■* I* 00 CM •^ to CO rH 1—1 I-l rH 1-1 CO 7-i s . . , rrt m -^ t«-l ^ ^ — "2 o »o o >o o >o o lO o in O lO o lO i-H ^ 01 CM CO CO I* -* >o lO CD to tr- Ir- 1 1 o o 1 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o 1 lO 1 o : lO 1 o 1 1 O log, a 1-1 1-1 CM CM CO CO Ttl •^ lO lO CD o t- lO CO L^ CM o CO CO CO oo L- CC lO o CM lO *»- — :^ o L- I- (M L- L- CM rH t- 00 CO rH C-5 O CM t- o -^ CO o iO Ol rH rH (M CO CO CO ^ 11 CD to O rH tH tr- rtg J ; s's m o CM I-l rH 1-1 rH t- m O t- to lO CO m 5? CO o tH C2 O C5 CM '^ CD C^ -* t- ^ CM rH o -^_^ male 011, SSI. (M CD o (M -* CO CO lO o ^ CO o o lO CO tr- CO 1-1 CM 'il C» CO »o CO CO 00 t- lO ee C3 lO Ci o O OD o Ttl o 00 o o o o lO lO O C « rH O 1-1 o o CO t- o to »o ■* 'tl CO CM CM -* o fefl. CO rH rH rH lO ■* 05 o »o t* CM 00 c- * ■>* 8 CO a> o r-t tr- o o o co CM tH O ■* L- CM i- CM lO io ^, - *_. 1-1 (M rH o Oi 00 00 t- lO >o Ttl tH CO CM CM CO 00 PM CO iH iH rH a 4^ *M ZS o o o »o o >o o lO o lO o lO o lO y -a 3 i-l iH CM Ol CO f 'V CD CO ^A ■A A 1 c^^ X X 1 "O c^ "O J 1 lO 1 o ^ 1-1 i-( Ol Ol CO CO rji rH lO o tiJ to L- 384 , England's liecent Progress, PLYMOUTH. Population (Males). Population (Females). Resistration BistriL-ts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 18S1. 1891. 1891. 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1891. 1901. Plymouth . East Stone-| house . .) Stoke \ Damerel . j Plympton St. 1 Mary . ./ 33,807 7,145 24,805 11,665 39,855 41,142 7,655 ! 7,655 28,595 i 29,184 12,762 10,464 50,535 40,056 7,870 ' 7,896 37,450 24,134 10,465 12,604 44,898 47,789 7,740 7,746 26,203 26,802 14,030 10,609 57,101 7,241 32,987 10,903 Eetransfers 1 (deduct) . / 77,422 88,367 1 88,445 .. ' 78 106,820 84,690 63 j .. 92,882 92,946 64 108,232 64 88,367 106,257 92,882 108,168 The district includes Boroughs, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Plymouth (military, shipbuilding, merce) .... com-\ 50,535 57,101 88,931 107,036 East Stonehouse (military) . 7,870 7,241 15,401 15,111 Devonport (military, shipbuilding) 37,450 82,987 55,986 70,437 Rural parts .... 10,465 10,903 21,073 21,368 106,320 108,232 181,891 214,552 Military and naval officers and men (in barracks, ships, Sec), and persons on board merchant vessels, wei'e enumerated as follows : — [n 1881 . . 6,499 military and naval . . 1,452 on board %essels „ 1891 . . 9,672 . 1,413 „ 1901 . . 9,403 . 795 The Eoyal Naval Hospital and the South Devon and East Cornvrall Hospital are within the district. The ratios of deaths in these institutions to total deaths were : — In 1881-91 „ 1891-01 JIales. 5-3 per cent. 6-3 Females. . 0'9 per cent. • 1-6 „ Appendix C. 385 . 05 CO IC •^ 1-1 (M t^ o i-( S<1 cr> tf co CO tM 2 T-l CO o o CO o iH CM Cl I* -* CO CO i.2 '3 ■^ t- o o •^ iH rH in tH iH 1-1 CO 1 o -^ oTo Tj( en iH o CO CO 00 m t- CO CO MH 1-1 1 CO CO 5? o o O o CO lO CO in 1-1 o 01 o O in o CO cq CO Ttl >o in in in O t- CO o rH rH q2 o tH rH •^ rH D 5 CO tH o t- «5 o CI o oi CO 1-1 in 00 in CM 00 * to tn in CO ^ -+I o rH L~ -* t~ o o Ol o (3 o -* in "# en in '^fi CO ^ o lO o to o t- t- CO o o o L- Q2 t- 1-1 CO 00 rH '_^ '3 5 5°^ CO T»( o \n o CO o in in o o o o in t» o o at o CO lo t- CO (M 00 (N 05 o to •^ CM 05 1* o o in 00 rH 00 rH ■* 8 lO to o 00 00 (M 00 in (M 05 to o o lO o io o in o ■n o in o in «1g I-l i-H CO tH -n "■? >n o to L- I- oo ira o 'O o in o o o 1 in A lO A in oi a 1-1 *"* ■* 1* in in CO o i- 2 c 386 England's Beccnt Progress. CHATHAM. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. ' 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Med way . Strood . 32,107 14,671 39,441 18,675 39,441 , 51,966 18,675 ; 20,852 29,537 35,867 12,745 17,075 35,867 17,075 45,449 19,484 46,778 58,116 1 58,116 72,818 42,282 52,942 52,942 64,933 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. Chatham (military, engineering, ship-"i building) . . . . . i 19,475 17,582 81,657 37,057 Rochester (cement, engineering) 15,129 15,461 26.290 30,590 Gillingham (military) .... 23,874 18,656 27,809 42,530 Northfleet (cement) .... 6,614 6,292 11,717 12,906 Rural parts ...... 7,726 6,942 13,585 14,668 72,818 64,933 111,058 137,751 Military and naval officers and men (in barracks, ships, &c.) and persons on board merchant vessels were enumerated as follows : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 2,912 military and naval 4,875 8,199 1,666 on board vessels. 763 457 The variations in these figures necessarily influenced the movements of male population at certain ages. Appendix C. y87 . irt •^ CO t~ 10 CO 00 c:i rH a X V\ L^ rH t~ 00 CO y-i 00 j—< C 3 « 00 CO r-{ rH cq C5 rH CO en CD , . t- M§ 5 rH wo 00 t- ■«« CO CO 0^ 03 rH 00 •* CO i-i 5? 00 CO 10 t- CO CO 00 CO C73 C3 33 m CM rH O) (M (M * C3 05 t- rH t- rH 03 CO rtH 10 '^'3 iS:;? SE.2§ <>> »o >o ->* >o T-i CO 00 t- CO 03 >o -* 00 05 CO t- 0> CO '^ CO CO (M t- CO 03 10 PHflH to »o -* Ttl rH CO CO cq cq rH rH rH cq g a (M ■^ cq t- (M CO rH 00 m 10 01 CM • B c« 1-3 00 CO rH cq CO ^ CO >o 03 -* 10 in 8 t> 03 ss 01 00 10 rt( ■^ CO 00 r-^ CO cq (M CO CO CO CO CO CO Tt< ■* 10 10 10 10 rH Q2 rH * oJ5 - . 00 (M CO CO 00 -* CO ■^ — 1 CO CO CO CO rH 03 t~ CD »o cq 03 .«< CO cq CO Mai Popu tioi 1891 T)1 CO t- 0" 00 C3 crT CO CO 03^ cq cf CI cT rH Cl rH cq cd" tH -" ■ ^ a , « rcl as ■g"" 3 in lO U5 \n >n 10 '^ CIS 16 cq 1 CO 1 10 CO 1 10 i 10 1 1 1 1.0 1 t- 1 1 tH iH (M CI CO CO ■* s 00 CO rH CO 03 CO : m CD rH rH rH 1^'*^ (>r CO "i to • 10 t~ -t< d C3 r-l pi--. (/) rr, CO L~ rH (fl ^ CO CM r-i '"' rH is -* rH CO CD CO CO t;; r-l rj< % g ^ s rH CO CO 10 T-H (N (N CN o 03 00 00 Oi 03 00 Male Popula tion, 1881. CO 10' TlT CO 00 CO C3 cT 00 CI cq cT rH CO rH 5 •rf CD J;"^ a 10 rH 1-1 S 10 01 CO 10 CO S 10 10 s 10 CD g ira 6 "'a S AA •o >o A 10 10 6 "O ■0 f> a, r^ 01 01 CO CO -«i •■"- n Q 3 c 2 388 England's Recent Progress. COLCHESTER. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1S91. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ISSl. 1S91. 1891. 1 1901. 1881. ' 1891. 1891. 1901. f Colchester . 13,922 1 17,525 17,525 19,579 14,452 17,034 17,034 18,794 The district includes only the Borough of Colchester. The chief features are the military and the wholesale tailoring trade. The military (officers and men) were enumerated as follows : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 1,865 2,940 3,222 The Essex and Colchester Hospital and Camp Hospital are within the district. The ratios of deaths in these institutions to total deaths were : — Males. Females, In 1881-91 . 9-7 per cent. 2-7 per cent „ 1891-01 . 8-9 3-7 Appendix C. 389 . a iH CO ■* o lO o o S •^ rH J-l r-{ CO o iH tH o t~ rH CM CO T-t O 05 «s r-t ID O CO ^ in • . Kl rH rH r-{ rH 00 in 00 CT. ? CO CO O o o o CI O T-^ CO CO in t~ r^ rH H rH rH 1-i l-i rH r-t rH rH r-i r-i in r-t CJ Co Q3 I-l CO — '— ^ "3 2 ooi CI 00 in o 00 rH in in a rH o CO 00 t- CM Hi o o o ^ in in 00 en t- •* t- CD in o en Oj 00 CO CM 00 o CD t- CD o ■* co CO in ^ a.Soo ^ O^rt lO ^ iH rH CM CM rH tH CM CM S '-"-^ ■S-s S o m o in o in o in O in O in o in 1^ in & 1 1 o o 1 in 1 q 1 in CO 1 o Hi 1 in 7 o in : in in 1 o in to 1 o 1 in 1 o r-< rH CM C<1 CO CO •* TtH in in to to r- t- &c Q 3 "Sg .t^ O CO HI iM rn CM rH O O rH o ■^ Tti CM CM in Hi CM CO CM CO S =3 ^^ on ■* -* to CM Oi CO CM ^ ^ ^ o ■* y-i t- rH Tj< CM I-) 7-i 2'§ Is in ■ CO -^ t- co o in r-i Hi 03 CO to O in m »o "* ■* co in L-~ o ^ CM t~ CO CO s o Iiil C5 03 L-~ CO in HI Hi t- rH ^,2"" tH ,H tH rH •-{ •-i rH 05 rH 6: o 00 ■* lO 00 00 m in • • CO o '^ g2 » to «a M to CO o in •>* C5 • • ■* Hi CM • ^ ■* rH CO CO CO Ol HI rH CO CO Ci H< CM CM t~ in rH 5? o o O 03 o C7> O rH CO in 00 00 g5 o rH rH <-i T-< r-i 1-i r-i Hi t- q3 iH CM '— '^— s Oi Q 8 r-t CO in CO m CO o CO rH 00 CD 00 rH CO to in CM o t- in CO o CD CTi t- ^l2i8 t~ L- tH ■* o in (M C5 CO o in Hi Hi CO in CO ^ rH rH t-t rH r^ rH -— - CO rH rt^.S • • • • • • • • • • • • eg in Q^ o*-^? oo o in o m o in o in o *o o lO iH tH 01 1 lO 6 CO 1 in CO T in o in 1 o in in % 1 « ■"* rH CO -n HI o •n O t- t- 3" aoo K)uita)i.<. FAKNHAM Population (Males). Population (Females). "^ill^"" ' census. 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. ! 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Farnham . 22,701 29,032 29,032 35,371 17,694 20,814 20,814 27,087 The district includes : ■ Urban Districts, o T-( of oTo CO CO 00 00 ^ 01 CO CI L~ 00 CO 00 CM -* ^ o 00 CO Ol 00 CD O t- l:~ 00 o rH »o »o o rH iH I-l I-l I-l T-l rH cq 01 CM lO q2 r-l -*i ^A .. 1-1 CO OS o U3 iO o t~ ■* lO 05 CO CO o d CO tH O t- en CO 1-1 no >o iH CO CO o t- Mai Popu tioi 1891 00 C3 C-1 rH CM 00 CO of 1-1 rH rH rH o CD Td t- 00 Co" CO ^ rcJ n3 o o o lO o lO o lO o lO o "O n h 1-1 i-i 1 1 o o 1 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 1 CD 1 o 1 1 o lO p. T-t rH (M C--1 CO CO ^ "* lO o tr- '■^ r3 Q m CD o ^ CO io CO O S •^ cq L- rH '^ Ol CM lO S to 5S (M CO lO o t- oq t- CO CO «S 3 tH o ■<*l CO t- L- i-H t- t- ■^ tH iH CO «o T-l Ci t~ iH o iH »o co lO CD rr, CD ■* rH t:~ £7 lO 00 t- Ol o o o o a 05 o C-1 Ttl >o CO CO iH r-i 1-1 rH rH rH •* o "oo QS 1-1 CO male pula- on, 881. CO 1-1 lO iH lO CM CO C5 CO t~ 00 00 »o Ol CM tr- CO t- (M 05 t- i-l t- -* CO (35 1-H rH t- ->* 00 t- CO t- •*! CO »o_ CO <^ 00 t- CO ■c o "O a i3 i-l iH o\ <» CO ■rH f cJ> 1 6 1 6 lO 6 >o rt lA o 1 c^ p 1 I— 1 1-1 * o lO m T-{ Ol C5 o •«*i »o o fl •= ■>* t- o CO . ^'3 1 a 7-\ CO = * rt-i: CO « , • . t- • <^ 1 Hi !M • "=>■ tM CO rH o CO o t- 00 t- rH o Tjf in t- .a = (M o c- C5 (T5 o tH rH rH Ol -* o o to 00 Is O 7-i rH rH r-t rH rH rH rH t- «s '-' CO male pula- ion, 891. CO C5 t- CO rH Ci o CM rH r-{ lO CO CO t- rH 7-\ o -n Ci CO t- o c- 0-1 o o r-i CO O t- t~ t- O 0-1 iH o (M Ol CTi o CO O 00 t- in &&^- lO CM Cc o lO O >n o >o o »o o lO o in fl y r-l tH (M i (M 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 1 lO 1 o o 1 o 1 o C3 ^ in Sj iH rH o CM CO^ S2 PC^r ^ ^ CM rH CO ■ ;^ O -* t- ^^ rH CM ^ CO Oi CO ■^ rr< CO t~ o in 00 m O m O GO (Xl 05 O o o rH CO o ^ in "t^ rH O r-l r-\ rH T-< —1 r-\ S QO o2 iH Ol male on, 881. in O rH o COO CO t~ CO t- lO CM rH C5 00 O o tH 0) O^rH lO iM ^—^ CM l^(ll Ol d cq U3 o CO t- C30 OJ ^ •M m CM •^ m , , r-i rH o O 3 CO t- • o ■^ 2 O o CM tH "* CO r-l oq CO • 00 t- CO CM -* • • o (M 2 2 o ^ "O o C-1 'O t~ ^ 0-1 CO Ol o o rH CO o o O CO c^ rr> o .—t ._4 rH CO ■^ in rH 05 T-i rH rH rH rH i-i in 00 II rH 1 CM lale pula- ion, 881. 05C0 lO o t~ en t- CM •* rH (35 O O o 8 C5 O "O t- t- lO T»< oo CO L- rH lO L- in CO r-t O0_ o L~ o CM rH cni CO L- o ■* Tt< L~ O P4 lO oq" rH rH i-i rH rH r-l CM a en rO-p O "O O lO o O O lO o o o o o o 5 «3 1 CO 3 o 1 X X 1 fi r-i T-< ^ (.N CO CO ■tt ■^ "5 « o o L- •■- 3 894 EnglantVs Recent Progress. DOVER Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. i Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881.- 1891. 1891. 1901. Dover 17.997 20.200 20,200 25,005 1S,81G 20.2CG 20,2GG 23,937 The district includes : — Boroughs, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Dover (military, seamen) . Rural parts .... 21,213 3,792 20,581 8,356 33,503 6,963 41,794 7,148 25.005 23,937 40,466 48,942 The numbers of miUtary officers and men enumerated in barracks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels ^vere at successive Censuses as follows : — In 1881 . . 1,628 military . 305 on board vessels „ 1891 . . 2,5.39 3G5 „ 1901 . . 2,994 • 1,014 Appendix C. 395 o r-l CD o o t- o T-^ O CO CO ^ .-H CO CO o o L~ o rH ll o tH iH T-H o 1-t 11 oj lO 00 CM T-\ O rH CM rH •* mo ^ t- CO 00 iC iH 00 lO O (M O ^ CO rH •* t~ CO t- 00 05 o o i-{ C-l -* t- r-\ * «o o Oi CO (M "O CD o rH CO t- CO t~ CO t- o 5? 'i* to 00 tH CM CO ■^ in CD CD o t~ CO CO rH tH iH rH r-i r-i rH rH rH (M o CO p2 1-1 rale pula- ion, S91. CO CO '^ lO lO 00 t- 00 CD t- o O 05 7-\ t- CO CM 1-1 t~ 00 05 CO iH CO ^ t- CM CO CO <~J CM CO CO CM (M CO 00 rH o C5 CO t- CO in Ph lo'of IM * ■o CO CO rH CO CO t~ o in (M 'if lO '^ t- iH t~ o o « fJ5 tH CM in ^ s s CO rH eo rH 00 CO CM CO CM s's t~ CO •n lO m CD o t- o in CO- a (M CO o •o 00 iH <3 O 01 o o lO o >o O lO o in o in o in fc< i» -^ ^ 1-H rt <>i Ol CO CO -H T o »o >o CD CD L- L- rt rt <£t clc^ "O (^ >o cA lO lO ^ in A in o iH CM (M CO CO ■^ in in CD CD L- P 1 P 396 EnglancVs Recent Progress. WEY'MOUTH Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration ! censM to «S i • • • c:i t- . '-' m"d 05 CO ^ CO CD ^ ^ CO CM t~ ■•# rH 5? t- CO t~ 00 c^ 00 a rH m CO C5 rH T-\ rH T-{ L- in q2 (M 5"= 5 ^ I* CO CO CO in CO t- ■r(4 rH in CM t- 00 t- (M (M ^ CO CO t~ Co 00 CD rH rH rH rH T-\ i-{ r-\ in t- QS !M CO tH m CD t- (M in CO CO C5 m CD o 10 in in in CI 01 CO CO tH ■^ m in CD t~ L- 10 in in in in vO Q 1-1 ■"* C-1 (M CO CO ■^ ■^ "O in CD CD t- . 1 ^ CM S i .^ CO CO j—\ CD 05; « CN • • CO ii-J » 01 H Re Mig Loss CO (M c~ CO ■* t~ m ^ CO CO t- CD <^ in t- T^ T-\ Oi oTd ••* CO CO C-l in in rH 00 GO l^ CM in 10 ■* lO CD CD CD L- CT> CM ■* CD CO CD rH rH r-\ CO Sss OS CM Sees t- 00 C5 (M CO t- t- CO Oi CO CO CO CD -* CO CO (M CO Ci rH 1* y-\ -^ in CO (M l~ m co rH 00 t- CD in in ■>* C C.i 30 o •^ Ol Ol CO co 00 in 00 CO in CO n 10 (-, in m in in in '§1 o"3 a Q 1 10 (M s CO 1 1 in 1 in 1 in in 1 CD 1 in CD 1 1 CI • rtg o 1-H CO Ttl -* t- -* a: O o C5 O •r)4 O ^ in -H 00 CI t- CO in in o 5? >o lO o t- t- CO 00 o o CI CO CO o CO rH L- rH rH rH T-i o t- OS CM - . m •. CD CO Q (N CO C31 CO 00 CI CI m t- ^ rH C^ t- mall pula ion, 891. rH CD Q CM ■* CM CO t~ CO rH o o 00 CM o rH CO O o CO t- CO CO CO CI T-< o CO CD in o CI ^ r- r r^ o CD 00 o o CI -rjl CD CD O t- o m O rH 1—1 rH rH iH rH T-{ in a PS cT ^-'■^ ®i -- : lO Ol' rH CO o rH O rH CM ■* CO t- CD CD GO CO 00 C5 >o ^ t~ 00 CO O CD m en in CO o t~ •^ Mal opu tier 1891 L- C5 C5 OO CO t~ lO CM O OJ t- CD in tX CD 00 Ml t-l rH rH rH rH rH rH 7-{ m CI "— '^■— ^ o >c O >o o lO o in o in o m o in CI ^ Mas T-l rH o CO 1 CO 1 o i 3 in 1 in in 1 o CD 1 in o 1 1 in 1 o r^ rH CI CM CO CO ■^ ■* in in CO CO t- Q „• *t-i 2 .s ^ o lO Oi o o CM tH CI °o 03 1-H C33 CI CD rH ^ CI CO t- o CM rH ■o lO CO CO CI '"l CO t- o tH '^ CO t~ S 5--;3 S '^ rH rH ,_t f—^ iH 1-H 7-{ t-H o tH o »o CO Ci t- 'iH t~ • in tH 00 o C3 CO CO Ui o CI CM CM • rH rH (^ h! -* CO CS 2" 2 o t~ CO -* o CO t- I— O in O O •H CD Oi h3 ^ o lO lO L- 00 o r-l CI CO CO -* CO CO in 05 eC •"* o rH rH J-( rH rH r—\ rH rH ■* t- ij '/) OS CJ »^-^- CD ■* rH r-H C) CI CO CO ■>*< -^ lO m CD CD t- 400 England's JRecent Progress. SALISBURY Ecjiistration DistrictpS. Poimliilion (.Males). Population (females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1831. Census, 19J1. 1881. 1 1S91. 1 1391. ' 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1 1891. ! 1901. Salisbury Amesbury 13,054 j 13,181 3,838 3,502 13,181 1 13,978 3,502 4,944 14,467 15,246 15,246 j 15,999 3,721 3,376 3,376 \ 3,324 16.892 16,683 16,683 18,922 i 18,188 18,622 , 18,622 ; 19,323 The district includes Boroughs, &c. 19 1. P. pulat oil. Males. Females. 1891. '. 1901. Salisbury (railway service *) Rural parts .... 1 7,685 11,237 9,432 9,891 15,5.33 19,772 1 17,117 21,128 18,922 19,323 35,305 38,245 * The excess of railway servants in Salisbury over the ordinary ratio only amounts to 6-0 per cent. of the working males : the place is really residential. This has been classed with military districts because of the mihtary camp established at Bulford between 1891 and 1901, but it might have, with at least equal propriety, been classed as " miscellaneous." Fisherton House Lunatic Asylum, in this district, has all the importance of a county institution, and in 1901 contained 253 male and 199 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 253 males 278 ,, The numbers of military varied as follows :- In 1881 . . . . „ 1891 . . . . „ 1901 . . . , .393 females. 120 „ nil. 605 The General Infirmary probably admits patients from outside the district. The ratios of deaths in that institution to total deaths were : — Males. Females. n 1881-91 . . 7-4 per cent. 4-3 per cent „ 1891-01 . • 8-8 „ 4-3 „ Appendix C. 401 . t- 00 00 *l (M 00 CM Oi CO CO -rti rH CM (M T-l r-< »H 00 « 60 09 tH «S 3 10 -* CM • • OT"d r-( (N r-l CD (M in -* CO in in CM •* 5? tH •* CO 00 C5 CM CO ■»« CO Oi -* t- rH CO iH rH rH tH rH tH CM t- ft2 CO »i^- ■ SO t- rH GO CO a> -ii Oi t- 0? r- CO CO rt< in CO CM , Oi oTd »o -* OS t- CO CM CM CO CO CM GO 00 5? Ci CD t- Oi 01 rH CM CO in CO ula- on, 881. 05 CO CO CO •^ CO -* t~ ■«** CO ^-i -^ t~ IC r)4 CO iH 10 t~ CO '^ >n t- rH rH rH t~ ■"il t- --1 00 in (M rH Oi 00 00 t~ rH Oi ^£-- ■^ C* Oi ■^ >o 10 CD 00 03 rH CM ■<*l in t- ■>* ■n t- CB rH rH i-{ rH rH CM CM t- rH lg CO 5E.2S OI OI in >o CM t- 05 CO Oi CO 00 CO eo ■^ ^ l~ 8 10 I-l co 00 00 n of of rH 1-( 1-H 7-< iH rH Pu (M ^ , M -^ ^ * • " • • • • • Si si OJ 0- 10 in in s? »o in in CD -3 a t-( iH CI CN CO CO •^ ti in CO CO [- t:~ ^n V C^<^ 1 10 cJ> "A c^ .A A 1 •n r^ "A cA 1 A a r-1 ■Tl CI CO CO -ti •^ ui '^ CO L- 402 Enr/houVs Recent rrogress. ALDERSHOT NORTH. Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Hartley Wintney . . 1 1 ; 12,008 13,417 13,417 16,753 9,318 1 11,104 11.104 13.760 The district includes Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1 1901. Famborough (military) .... Rural parts ...... 1 7,298 i 4,202 1 9,455 1 9,558 8,071 11,500 16,450 19,013 16,753 ) 13,760 24,521 30,513 The numhers of miHtary officers and men enumerated in camps, &c. varied as under : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 2,840 3,116 4,389 Workhouse schools and an industrial school for boys contained : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 96 boys ... 71 girls. 72 „ ... 51 „ 193 „ ... 77 „ Appendix C. 40^ o O W G J 1 CM '^ CO CO oc CO CM 1—1 ^ CO ««-< £ a lO CO (M ■* CO CO ■>* • iH 00 °5 (?! CO CM S e8 iH »o CO CO ^S T-l CO • • • 1-1 oTo 1 CI 1-1 CO (M >n '-H t- iH l- 1 CO CO CO CO ^ -* ->* ■* -*< >o L~ iH CM l^ iH -* Q2 1 iH •si - • t- to CO 05 ^ t- t- >o 10 CO t- CM °§ c >o 00 10 • , CO Ifj CM (M CO CM r rH CS '^ CO • 03 g2 1-1 1-1 iH a to w • . t- Oi t- C4u 10 t- 10 iH 00 i-C K'-^ l>- 00 t- ^ (M ■rtl t- rH t- to CO co r^ 5? ro •* CO 10 10 CO CO T-t CM (M 00 L~ rH 1— ( •* 03 02 iH f-> 00 CO t~ 00 a 00 00 irt t- CM Ti< CO CO a 00 «i2 -r iH rH CM CTi CO CC CO 'ti -^ 01 CO t- CO 3 CM S^ls •<* ■* CO^ o i-t 1-1 1 1 00 1 10 tM 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 10 1 10 10 1 CO 1 CO 6 t^ 1 r-i 1-1 01 03 CO CO ■* '^f lO L- L~ ^ « og .^ •^ CO CM • 10 ■^ t- -* cS tH -;H ■>* -* m o o^ iH iH = =8 s 1* . U3 • • CD iH - . rr • t- OS CO in 03 -¥ (75 -* Id CO Tji ■* 03 R II ?S' T»( -« CO CO to in >-( 1-1 »C3 tH ■>:»< 03 CO C-1 Ol t~ L- CO 10 in -*< '^ CO CM »o (M 01 rH f~l r^ CM **! ^ iH C >o »o rH «o iH 10 t- og o ■* Tt< >o CJ L~ GO CO 00 lO rH CO CO ll -• ' «5g- . (M ■* CO 10 lO 00 03 Ttf 05 00 CO s (M CO ^ CO cn CO 00 r-l t- cr5 05 in Sis 58 «M 01 (M -* C5 t- >o Tt< Tt< tH CO (M iH 1-1 iH iH in Ph rH S en •s^? == TS TJ >C 10 >o >ra >o >o IC fl is ?iii 1 1 1 CO 1 CO 1 T I 1 ^ 1 l- 1 1 & < o-i "O lO 16 10 XO >o in 0, .-1 CI CM CO CO M* •* 10 t- •■- a — 2 D 2 404 E?igla7id's Fccent Progress. DEAL. Kegistratiou DiBtrict. I'opulation (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Eastry . . 14,143 ' 14,370 14,370 15,738 13,931 14,662 14,662 15,795 The district includes : — Population. Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. Deal (residential) Walmer (military) *Sandwioh Rural parts 4,850 3,032 1,607 6,249 15.738 5,731 2,216 1,563 6,285 8,891 4,565 2,796 12,780 10,581 5,248 3,170 12,534 15,795 29,032 31,533 L'rbau distiict. The numbers of military or rather marines (officers and men] enumerated in the depot and hospital varied as follows : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 1,400 1,166 1,585 Appendix C. 405 ■* o CO t- ^ -1 ,5 *1 -* o lO CO c- X 1-1 L- .S o cq t- IS m m t- CO C-1 «s 3 S CO . . ^ o L- CTi o o a CO L— m "cS r-l o -n o CO CO CO CO t~ CO CI o 0-1 1-1 CO CO CO qI CM ■^n t- o CO o CO -* CO o "f CO CM CO a,^ - • o ■* o (M C5 o C7> 1-H CN t- a> o s "3 3 o S CD CO CO — ( tH CO CT> o 1-1 C3 CO C- c- oo" rH ,— .~-^ a • • rCp O "O O lO o lO o »o o o o iO o o ;2 p< AA 1 CO 1 CO i 1 i 1 lO o < CU o t-l CM CM CO CO ■^ -* »c ft — "" • ^ CO CO CO CO o§ ' •- 73 CO o 11 V &C 03 t- CO (M -* (35 a> t- o > mg 3 00 SI CO CO (M t- lO ■^ C5 o 00 CO c^ o (M C5 c> fM -* d in CO lO -# ■^ o lO CO t~ t~ CO o CO tr- CD eg rH o tH l-( PS CM ^ CO i-( IC CO o -* CO iH t- oq lO >o o io in t- CO 8 "C 00 o CO CO -r ;s O CO CO o Ol 05 o c- t- CO o o G a..2 M c^fii r-{ o| 1 5 : o 00 CM 05 ■^ o t- t- CO n rH tH CO A§ CO C5 1-1 • rH wro •rl< Ol o CO o 00 00 s? o iH CM t- CO CO »o CO o »o lO >n o t^ l-< iH 1-1 ^ ^ CM iH L- L~ l- o in o 'O •^ C5 C, O -^ '^ Ph rH a on w« 3 naTa ^ 'c O "O o ^ o >o O ■o o o o lO o lO g? ^■^ = r-H ^ CO CO Tfl -f lO "O CO t- 6:^ 1 o o ^ 1 o 1 1 o 1 6 1 i o i ;«S, ft ■-H r-i o\ cq 00 CO -J- ■V o o CO 400 England's Recent Progress. SHEEENESS Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1831. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. ! 1891. i 1891. 1901. Sheppey . 9,917 10.070 ' 10,070 13,180 8,2S7 8,. 537 8,537 9,095 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Distrii:ts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Sheerness (military] *'Queenborough Rural parts 10,933 840 1,407 7,246 704 1,145 13,180 9,095 22,275 I'rlmn district. The numbers of miUtary and naval officers and men enumerated in ships, barracks, &c., and of persons found on board merchant vessels were : — In 1881 . . 1,222 military and naval 426 on board vessels „ 1891 . ■ 1,494 290 „ 1901 . • 3,576 213 Appendix C. 407 » _. 1 CM L~ _^ 1 o c •;; o L~ -*^.— O CO o io lO CO t- t- CO lO CM CO O 03 OS r-l 1 '■* co" t- 01 CO a t- t- CO a> CTi 00 00 g C3 1-1 nml pula ion, 891. O CM CO CO en c~ o 1-1 o l:~ CO CO 00 tl CO •* T-l o o_ t^ o CD o ^ tf CO CO CQ Cl tl •^ » OiSrH o o in ^ lO o lO &i Q ^ iH CM CM CO CO ^ tl o in CO CO t- t- S c L^ ^ "c a '3 T— 1 _^_o o s'S • lO CO iH tH iH 1-1 05 tl tl r-l tl o 05 HI So s o CO t- L- CD CD 05 00 tl CM r-l CM S «•.= r^ 3 00 (M (M CM rH oTo CO t- 1-1 1-1 m CD C5 *( •^ tl tl tl O CO t- CO t- ei S ■gl (M CM SI T-\ a) J. t- CO Ci rH a CO O O t- tr- (» (M o t:- o tl >-^ e€ .. . T) O CO O tH •* o CO rH ee tr- t:- eo ti lO t- ^,=1 O O t~ o CD o >o tl ee 1-1 o CO o in lO CO CO r-1 CO CO "■ £"'5rt *. «. C-l i-t rH iH r-l CM ''■^"'"' i-\ g . . . , . . , . JS rt "c ■— O iC o lO O "O o »o o m o lO o lO a c3 1 1 o o C-1 I •o o CO lO CO 1 o 1 >6 in 1 o in CD 1 o 1 m <5 c8 > in P^ G ■?! CM CO CO tl tl lO ■n CO o L- L- r-- 408 EnglaucVs Becent Progress. GODSTONE Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration District. Census 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1 1S91. 1891. 1901. Godstone . . Eetransfers 1 (deduct) . j 9,295 9,4G2 11,004 1,542 13,946 1,820 8,397 9,451 11,043 13,918 1,592 1,853 9,462 12,126 9,451 12,065 The district includes Urban Districts, -* 00 -* Q t- CO 'S 00 e*-i ^ S Oi (-15 CO CO 00 t~ CO °l C5 * Ol r-l 6^^i - 00 10 1?) CO CO t- Cl CO og C3 0o en q_ 00 CO 10 10 "* ■^ CO CO a> »^ 0*^1-1 CM rH tH 111 "2 S . fOrS "u .;; »o lO lO S ^ Ol C-1 CO CO ■* •rH »o lO CD CD L- l- o3 ^ c3 s: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 «> r^ >o 10 >o 10 »0 Pu 5P « rH iH 01 CM CO CO '^ 'Ji la >o t»-( 2 .s^ CO CM CI ■* a> CO ■* CO or) *o en rH ■o gl 1-1 CO rH 2'S (M CO •*! iH CO t~ -* ■^ 00 en CO t- rH m -^ 10 CO t~ 00 CO L~ 00 CM tH CO Is CO rH rH T-i ■c CO ■^ ■* Oi ^ T-i CO CO 03 ^ CO CT) lO L~ CO CO •* t~ t~ <5 sill rH L^ CO CO ■* -* CO 01 >o 10 Ol iH fHPM r-( ^ w a CO Tj( 00 Gi 00 °l 1 tH rH (M rH CO CO ■ sg -2.SP CO >-o CT> t- >o t- CD iO ^S CO ^ 6i CO CO rH rH o 00 00 en rH CO II CO rH rH rH rH rH rH rH CO Oi r-t • «^--_: 00 t- ,-* CO CO -^ CO t- CO CM r-i 10 00 00 10 CO CO CO ■* L- Ci cq t- rH l~ ^ ■t>r-C C0O_ (M .H =:. re C5 L- CO 10 10 -V ■* co o lO >f? 2 ■c >n rH -H o\ CO CO -* •^ C3 c5 12 1 u-O •0 s "O s 10 i-t CI ST CO CO -r TJ> CO L- Pi 410 EnglamVa Recent Progresn. ST. GERMAN'S (near PLYMOUTH). Population (Males). Population (Females). Ee-iistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. | 1 Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. St. German's 7.775 8,697 8,697 11,468 ' 8,955 9,137 9,1.37 9,679 The district includes Boroughs, Trban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. *Saltash tMaker (naval) .... fMillbrook (naval) Rural parts .... 1,646 1,695 1,976 6,151 1,711 579 1,022 6,367 2,745 1,328 2,116 11,645 3,357 2,274 2,998 12,518 11,468 9,679 ' 17,834 21,147 I iban district. t Uinal parishes. The military (or rather naval) character of the district results from its proximity to the Hamoaze, where there are usually many ships of war and training ships. The district might perhaps be grouped with Plymouth. The numbers of naval and mihtary officers and men in ships, forts, &c., varied as follows : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 117 579 2,495 An industrial school ship contained the following numbers of boys :- In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 191 198 199 Appendix C. 411 ^^ c o 1-1 o in "S S e^ r— t o e^ c T-t o CO T-l CO T-l I-^ tH -* CI >A T-l T-<, cq mo o lO 00 o lO t- o -* CI CI o CI '^i CO iH .s o L~ CO CO CO CO eo 'il •* ■* in t- C5 rH CO t- rt '-' CO -*< -*_ SI r-\ male pula- ion, 891. (XI (M CO ^ o 1-H CI t~ t- t~ CO CO o 00 iH o CO iH C5 o lO ^ OS i-H co 05 cq 00 in Tti CO t=- CM O a> C5 00 t- CO CO IQ rd ■* CO CO CO t- CO (0 O-k^lH cq ih" 1— t |4PM tH CO t- >o o »c o 00 o CO to c t~ CI o CI CO ^ CO in °5 'S C5 T-H lO 00^ o ^•~ th" "is 0) to pi 5 m o CO t- o T-l Cl 3 3 CO Oi i-H CI in „ . 1^ 5 lO o CO >-o C5 CI CI lO t~ CO i-H o in CI 00 ' o o o o o lO o >c o in • in o in -Ore fl U eS c3 §.•« = r-H r-< CI C-l CO CO -* ■* "? CO o t- t- cl>o 1 1 o i6 1 o I 1 o 1 in o 1 in o in 1 o "=1. T-l tH CM CI CO CO -^ tH in in o CO t- t- & « 3 ^ *""" "o S 'c8 o t- o o o >o T-l 1-1 "5 =s S so aj o CO Ttl t- lO CM 00 in I-l "* CO 00 ^■^ o o CO CO in CO o in T-\ o 5? •^ •* '^ ■^ -* -* -* Tjl 'Si m CO o Cl t- I-l n •-• •^ I-^ 'if CO Sco OS iH piila- ion, SSI. O CI in t- iH 92 lO ■»tl Q CO CO L- CO ~Q0^ CO m ^ 00 CM 'it CO o Ci lO in CO Oi t- t- CO CO Ci O Oi 00 c- iCt >o o ■* '^i CO CO CO t- Cl CI CO in I-l (M CO o§ « tH la ^1 lO o CO in o -H 1 Ci I-l L- CO : : CO 1-:) 2" 8 -t1 CO CI o -»H ^ CO CO CO CO rH in CI t- t- rt '-' o '« -« -f CO CO CO CO ■^ in L~ o CI o in o T-f ~* co_^ S*"^ OS i-H lale pula- ion, SSI. oco' CD o -n CO I-l CO 8 OS CO eq rH -* 00 »n I-l t- 1-H C5 t~ CI lO CO in •^ -*( o CI 00 -n o o o^ L^ iQ Ttl CO CO CO CO CO CO CI o iH r-, O^-t Ol o Pi tH s . . . . . . . . . en O iCi o >o o lO o >o 1 in Q in O in ■^1 r-l tH 1 CI CO 1 CO 1 3 in in t- 1 m 1 o in c^ o i-H T-l O) CO CO -* -fl in m CO CO L- L- P 412 EnglamV^ Bcce/if Prof/ress CANTERBURY. 1 Population (Males). Population (Females) Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. ISSl. 1 1891. 1 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Canterbury . Retransfers ) (deduct) . l" 8,47G ^ 9,132 9,218 10,193 1 8G 177 8,584 8.989 9,091 102 9, Gil 209 9.132 10,016 8,989 9,402 The district includes the major part of the City of Canterbury, the residue being in the districts of Bridge and Blean. The proportion of mihtary men is high, but in other respects the city is not remarkable. The numbers of mihtary officers and men enumerated in barracks, &c., were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 1,168 1,507 2,045 The Kent and Canterbury Hospital is an important institution, which, of course, admits patients from outside the district. The ratios of deaths in that hospital to total deaths were : — In 1881-91 „ 1891-01 Males. 19-0 per cent. 17-8 Females. 12*G per cent. 11-8 Appendix C. 413 . I a CO d C5 _, 1 . 1 o 1 '5 01 CO • 1 _^ o o 1 11 1 i Si cc ■5JH tH 1-1 L— >o i-O >o lO t- o 00 05 •^ CO CI I-l CI - . 1 CO CO oz CO l-O •CS >c CO 5? 03 z? t~ CO ■* ^ -* •q< ^ lO 10 CO l.~ CI CI ^ ^ LO t- C5 iH rH CI — -^ " • ^ 21 •ri C5 CO i-O CO •^ CS CI 00 00 ■^ 2 "^ ^ ^ cc C5 Ci L^ CD lO ■* rH CO CO CI CO S§-i2 o CO 00 s lO 5? ■* CO ■* io »o CD t- 00 Ci 0> CI -^ 10 '"' rH CO 00 as iH TtH 00 m t- CI t~ CO CI _, t- rH 05 CO «i --; ■* lO *l LO t: ">: -* ri CTi CO r-i >o o ■«11 co CO CT CI -^ >o ci E.2 00 •^ •- "* i«a 0->^-i CM T-l iH rH ft, iH a 173 T3 lO 10 10 lO LO I 1 CM 1 10 CI 1 CO 1 CO 6 i 10 1 1 10 1 10 CO 1 1 tH CI CI CO CO -* Tt( in 10 CD L~ t- 5" e o.| s CO CO d ^_l ■3 iH T*< ■»1H "3 « ?.§= tn 00 10 •rtl 00 t- CI t- ■* « = s CO rH o >o LO »o »o »o L~ Oi rH 1-1 CI ,1^ 1 10 rH ■* t- SI 1-1 33 A CD 10 >o CO CO -* 00 CO 00 -H CO •* rH CO CO X CO CJ CO CO »o CO CO ■5 -* ^ 00 00 t- 10 th ■* CO CI CI CD S oSrt 0^ P^P^ rH d Ol 1— ) 00 00 10 CO CD li ■3 10 l^ CO CO >o r-i -tl CO S >o tH 05 t- vM lO Ui CI 10 'If CI -* hA i-H 1-1 CO 1H s If CO Q 1-1 >o 00 CO 00 s s ^ 05 2 CO 10 t- t- t- 00 CT> 00 00 05 rH ■* C3 '^ 1-t l-{ CO 05 OS rH "^ '~ .— ■ , i-i -^ CO CO CO CD •^ CD CI r-t 1.0 CO 00 CO 01 10 CI rH CI CO cc CD -»< l- CI •»«< s_ 5S..2S 05 00 05 C5 e- -* ^ CO CO Cl CI •* Pm (N .H 1-H • , ■ s c« ■*^ <^ 5 tS'P "O "O >o ■0 "O 8 1 "-0 10 lO 10 Q* 1 1-1 rH 01 1 CI CO CO 1 1 'O '? 10 10 CO 1 1- 1 "2 I— 1 p 1-i iH CI CO CO -t( rjl ■ft «o CD CD t- '-" a 1 414 England's Beccnf Progress. ^y X T F () in ) . Kejristration Districts. Population (Males'). Population (Females). Census, 1891. 18S1. Watford . St. Albans 15,055 10.963 18,676 Census, 1901. 1891. 1901. Census, 1891. 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. 18,676 25,823 16,273 20,238 20,238 . 28.113 12,696 12,696 15,269 12,333 14,176 14,176 , 17,739 •-'(^^Ol-^ 31,372 31,372 41,092 28,606 34,414 34,414 I 45,852 The district includes Population. Boroughs, Urbau Districts, &i Watford (railway service) Rickmansworth (paper) St. Albans (straw hats) . *Harpenden . Rural parts . Males. Females. 1891. 1901. 14,188 15,139 17,063 29.327 2,727 2,900 4,769 5,627 7,197 8,822 12,898 16,019 2,102 2,623 3,603 4,725 14,878 16,368 27,453 31,246 41,092 45,852 65,786 86,944 Urban district. This district includes the Leavesden (Metropolitan) Asylum for Imbeciles, which in 1901 contained 817 male and 957 female inmates (patients). The net addition to population caused hy this asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 758 males 1,121 „ 857 females. 894 „ The proportion of railway servants in Watford in excess of the ordinary ratio only equalled 7 • per cent, on the working males ; the place is really residential. Similarly, St. Albans is a residential place, where only 5*0 per cent, of the working males are in the straw hat trade. Workhouse schools belonging to St. Pancras contained : — In 1881 . , 326 boys . .. 261 girls „ 1891 . . 377 „ . . 255 „ „ 1901 . . 322 „ . . 223 „ Appendix C. 415 -# CO _l o CO c- Oi ^ CO CO ,_, t~ in o CO en _: o CO CO o CO en CO C5 tH ■o Ol ^ ^ o o lO T-H 00 o lO CI C) 1-1 CI iH iH CI t- ^ O - 1^ '■' ^ ^ tr- tn «S 1 . . 1 2S o C5 OJ (M »c TM o i-H >-l T-l rH T-l 1-1 CI CI CI CO CO ■* o CO Q2 '"' iH in o r) c~ lO c-i -* IC Oi o 1-1 CO CO t~ CO CI C5 CO .-H OT ■^ 00 o ■* CO GO •* CI CO in CI t- o lo o o t- o CO t- CO iH Ci t- TJI CI o iH 05 a p S S C5 ■>* CO eo iH ^ CO C! CO J3 O CO Ol L— o —1 lO t^ C5 tH CO 00 CO CI ■* cc T-{ T-l r-l Ol (M CI CI CO CO CO -* CO CI Scj «2 t-l rH CO "— ^*^ llfg iH >* o C3 o 00 o CI T-H CO 00 o -* 'SI -*• CO >0 tN -<*< o T-l CO C5 Oti o t~ 1-1 C5 in in CI 00 CI o o o -* (M C5 00 CO ^ CO a CO o CI <^ 0*^r-. C3 CO Tt< CO CO CI (M tH tH rH P-l -* ^ * » to if' a 5 O "O o »o o iO o »o o in o in <~> in fl .53 ^ ^^ (M CO CO ^ "f lO in CO o i- ■-T cS ? O O vO o lO o in o in o in o in o 12 S' '"' Ol C-l CO CO ^ ^ in in CO CO L~ ; O o n C-1 CO CO Cl o o in ^ 00 L- £n 1 C o o c» CO 00 ■o t- CO CO I-l iH CO t- in CO o lO CO CO 5? Ttf 1-t iH CO -* CO 00 05 o CO 00 in rH 03 00 lO T-i tH T-l iH iH 1-1 1-1 d CI CI •* CI CO -% I-l '"' in * t~ o ■* T-H o 01 t~ If O, CO s CO OS iH -* 00 O CO co -H m »« CD t- o CO >o 00 1-1 CO in t- 05 CO t~ in ^- =*;^ t- T-l iH rH rH iH o CI CI C5 CI eo eo o OSS 1-i 1-1 in CO lO CO •^ •-I t- t- (M CO T-l -tl in ■^ 00 m s « * c- O l^ .-I t~ CO t- t- "ti -* o l- ■^ Sl£5? t- T ~f G-1 CO CO t- in ■n CO CI o o i- ■^ t- CC CO CO CO (N iH iH *"* iH iH rH 1-1 iH CO a , • « a tn ^«- 3 _'« « O ■- 'C3 u a> ~* ^ o ■•o o iC o >C o »c o in 8 1 >o o in -< S ? tH r-( 1 1 CO CO 1 1 T in 1 in 1 "i 1 I- 1 aj o o >o o lO o lO o in o in o >n o Q .H ^ o CO Cl CO Cl m CO CO li OS O o o lo lO tC rp T)l CO CO Cl 1^ rH 02 O T-t >o «i 1 * 5? ^ (ID CO CD L— t- -* 00 1-1 00 00 t- o d CO t-l ^ 00 o iH CI 00 CD 00 rH o (72 t- ■* r-l 1-1 iH crs L- 02 C2 t~ >o cr2 C5 CO 00 00 •pS 3 S 05 ^M O CO t- CD CO' T—i o CO CO 1-1 02 t- CD o GO 00 CO Ol 0-1 (M CM CI I-l 1-1 1-1 r-l t-i CO CO 3 en ra 'TIS o o o lO O lO o lO o lO O lO o lO fl '^ :>— ■z tH ^ Ol Ol CO CO -* -:tl lO ■o O o t- t- ■d '^ 6o 'O o lO o "0 O lO o lO o lO o i-i 1-1 01 CM CO CO Tjl "* lO o CD CD t~ Q 71 ..: ^ ^ t- CO CO o »o -tl -H CO CO C/1 CD t- 1-f ^ o '3 '-i X ^ (M lO CO CI CD L- CO CM CO CO o o 'O tH ^ CO CM rH CI CI iH Cl r-l rH lO CO m O 1-^ „ .S§ t- IM o lO 00 O CO CO iH o t- o Cl 00 Cl T-H o ■^ CO CO Oi o O o rH -* o o Cl I-( iH r-l r-l 1-1 CI Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl L- CD C2 1-1 Tjl Ol rf( ^ I-l lO (M 05 00 CO 02 Cl lO (M ■* Cl Cl iH CM t- •* CO 02 Cj •o 'O -* 8 iO 02 t~ CO r-l o 00 CD '^ rH "^ 02 00 t- »o lO ^(S^-^ CDCM CM o •* CO o CO r-{ -K -ri "-1 '-< r-l ct CI CI Cl Cl Cl Cl CO cS l-H o '— ^— % o 00 CO ^, o*"-' t-^of c-i of r-l iH 1-1 I-l I-l P4 Cl _.. 2 «J <^ s r3 T5 o o o o o O O o o lO o o O iO a> "^ — CI CM CO CO -fl -Tl lO CD ■o L- l- 66 iO o ■o 6 ^ 1 o 1 o ^ 1 -^ 1 o 1-1 t-l CI 0\ CO CO 'Ji ■^ JS o o CO t- i=i 2 E 418 England's Becent Progress. GUILDFORD. Population (Males) Population (Females). Registration. District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. I 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Guildford .... Pietransfers (add) 21,175 25,068 21,603 465 30,372 379 21,591 26,608 26,. 322 286 31,750 225 25,068 30,751 26,608 31,975 The district includes Boroughs, I'rban Districts, &c. 1901 Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Guildford (railway service *) . . ' 7,342 8,596 14,316 15,938 Godalming (leather f) . 4,287 , 4,461 8,117 8,748 WokiDg (military) .... 8,202 : 8,042 9,786 16,244 Rural parts ..... 10,541 10,651 18,706 21,192 30,372 81,750 50,925 62,122 * The excess of railway servants over the ordinary tjuota only equalled 6-2 per cent, on working; males : the place is really residential. t Leather employed but IU'5 per cent, of the working males. This district contains Brookwood County Lunatic Asylum, with, in 1901, 433 male and 621 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 45S males 564 „ 466 females. 540 „ The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, kc, were: In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 . 433 232 . 1,125 The county hospital of course admits many patients from outside the district. The ratios of deaths in that institution to total deaths were : — In 1881-91 „ 1891-01 Males. 10-5 per cent. 6-1 Females. 5 "2 per cent. 4-8 Appendix C. 419 « t~ O a 00 r-l CI tH t- o rH GO t- rH o a .S t~ CM 00 ■* o o CI ■^ CI CI o ^o c T}( 7-1 CO lO -* CI tH rH CO g g • ^i l-i CI •^ s"§ CO O o eo -* 1-1 oc CO ^ o t- o •^ O oq 1-H a o CO lO CO iC o t- 00 »o c:; -* ■* i-H i-H I-l iH 1-1 tH r-t r-i rH cq CM CO o w o2 tH rH •«n ■ai--^- 00 T-l a I-l »o CO t- CO a rH CO 00 00 00 t- CO ^ o CO C35 •<* <35 cq CM rH 00 o ■* CO t- t- o o o 00 CD ■o ,^ TO tD >o CM IC CO (M -* Oi CO >o t- o °.2 Is e3 o CD ■* CO CO d rH rH O iH eo ^rH t-Cl CM CO CI 1-1 1-1 T-l iH rH rH 1-1 Ph CO ^ * ^ o o O lO ^" «:> o iO o lO „■ lO o lO a y 1 1 o o CM 1 IQ CM 1 o 1 CO 1 o 1 o 1 lO 1 o IC 1 1 O =3 g r-l iH CM o 00 CO -* -«n »o CD CD t- t- 3 Q S-. ■»■ c -tl -* t- lO CO 01 m •^ lO CI CD rH t~ ° o t- o CD o CO o rH t- CO ■^ ■^ ■* O •* 01 "* CO cq rH T-l £ bib CI rts m ,_( CO , • Hi rH rH m-d t~ t- CI o iH 00 t- CT3 o K> CO CM rH d g C5 a 1-1 CO ■^ •* lO «> 00 05 CI lO rH rH J-i 1-1 rH I-t r-i rH rH rH CI CI 00 t- Soo o2 iH iii - . CI iO 00 CO •rX CI 00 •^ CD CI O CO o I- t~ CO en CD ■* CM CO CI lO rH CO 00 CI CO CI lO rH t~ iftSl \o »o •^ 1-1 00 CD r-l rH i;fi"- «0(M (M (M 1-1 iH rH rH iH rH 1-1 rH S (M CT> o iO CD CI o rH •* ■^ t- TO n ■* c •^ •^ L- t- CO CO rH II e« 0^ CO rH rH rH rH O rH gg BJ 01 ^ CC d CO o •* rH h3 >o CI if ■^ a CO iH ^_l CD lO lO o 00 eo 00 •* S CO r-l CI CD 00 cq CI rH CI CI 1-1 1-1 r-l C» CJ d CI Cl CI CI L~ I-l li I-l T»l , -^^ > O f» (M T-t 5^ rH t~ ^ •* eo C75 rH eo CI l~ ■^ "- -^ o o1 iH t~ tn I-l tn 1-1 00 CO ^ S SS..§68 00 CO CO >o "'^ t— >o "^^ CO rH Oi P4 U> 01 o o lO o lO s >o o lO o >o ^^ ?,■« c tH r-l CI CI CO CO •^ T o lO CD CD i- r^A .A 1 o 1 >o 1 o 1 >o 6 lO i >o 6 l«n. G C) CI CO CO 1i •«11 lO lO CO ^- 3 2 K 2 420 England^ s Beceni Progress, LEAMINGTON Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Warwick 23,663 23,963 23,963 24,097 29,211 30,406 30,406 30,809 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. ;Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Leamington (residential) . 10,606 16,282 26,930 26,888 Warwick (engineering *) . 5,702 6,187 11,903 11,889 Kenilwortti f • . . . 1,995 2,549 4,173 4,544 Rural parts .... 5,794 5,791 11,363 11,585 24,097 80,809 54,369 54,906 * Onlj'8-0 per cent, of the working males in Warwick were engaged in engineering, and the place may be deemed an ordinary trading town. f Urban district. This district includes a county lunatic asylum, which in 1901 contained 382 male and 584 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — ■ In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 361 males 539 „ 287 females. 030 The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, &c., were : — In 1881 . „ 1891 . „ 1901 . 94 251 292 I Appendix C. 421 ^ -• ^ 1 10 U-5 00 oq CO CD in oq CO 00 t- oq rH 01 L- t- oq to Eg c (M rH 7-( 1 03 QO ui 00 y-l >o rH CO CO «g O (-1 CO CO t~ rH oq 05 ■^ ■^ oq rH ■ CO C» 1 CO •s? L^ CC Y~^ oi CO 10 CO rH "^ t~ CO CO 01 CC '"' rH rH rH y—i rH rH oq oq cq CO ^ 0^ 0) ^ OS tH '"' in male pula- ion, 891. (M 00 '^ CD rH t- »c 10 CO 00 CO oq y-{ 00 05 ^ (M CO Oi CO 00 00 05 rH tr- tH C5 t- CO Oi 05 t- CO 03 rH 00 '^ rH t- t- io TJH rH o_ co^ CO JrH icTof cq of CO of oq of rH rH rH rH rH rH of co" I^Ph CO _c 1 -# 03 00 T-i CO C5 05 .. ■ w "eg CD 7-i Ol 05 rH tM o| O rH rH 1 "is >n CO CO 10 ^ CT> CD O SB CO rH rH -^ oq oq P5S O >-H (M 00 CO CO 1^1 h^ tH 2"2 CO CO CO 00 •rt< t- CO T** 7-\ 1 5? 00 Oi 01 CO 10 t~ 05 oq •^ CD t- oq CO CM rH rH rH rH rH oq oq oq CO CO rH t- "s OS ^ rH ■* rale pula- ion, 891. -* lO oq (M t^ CD 00 rH CO CO CD CO t- 05 00 t- 1 1 oq 1 CO 1 CO 6 1 6 in 1 in in 6 in 2 in 3 c3 cS oi 01 CO CO •^ •* in in CO CD t- t- &■ O *^ tjC .^ d L- C5 00 , °.2 c4 CO rH T^ in oq O ■* CO 1^ . «'5 r-t , • 00 •^ >o ■* t- in 00 tH 00 o a • oq oq CO CO oq t- 05 (^ h3 -* »o CO rH t- 22 rH oq CO tH CD G5 oq L~ co t:- 00 c^ rH rH y-i oq cq CO CO co 00_ ajoo OS 1-1 rH th" - — '— ^ male pula- ion, 881. rt< ^ 00 Ol 00 t- rH CO Oi GO CO 01 CO CO in t~ 0^ CO rH Ol CO G3 CO t~ in cn cq ■^ oq oq CO CO CO CD 00 oq t- CD ■^ CO oq rH o_

o >o CO 00 CO CO cq V M in Sep T-l 00 a rH CO •^ CO 00 oq in t- CO. t- cS *■"* »c rH rH rH rH tH oq cq cq CO eo rH -T rH •■jT jj s . . CO CO iH O) C5 L^ CO i-{ rH rH CO rt* rH rH rH CO « T-i CO rH CO CO CO CO CO CO r~^ OI CO sl.il C0_O t- 10 "* 00^ CO^ •* oq CO CI 00 in cr>^ r-, C*^rH L-'w" cm' of 0^ rn" rH rn" rn" rH T-{ i-H rH 0' Ph CO 10 iC 10 10 m "5 >n fH rH i-l O 66 I 10 6 1 1 6 lA 1 in 6 1 in 6 .0 ^ l* r-t rH 01 01 CO CO f -tl m »o CO CO L- L- Ch n 3 42-2 England's Recent Progress. UXB RIDGE. Population (Males). Population (Females). Eegistration JJistrict. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. I 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Uxbridge Eetransfers ] (deduct) . )' 13,519 14,690 14,835 145 14,690 18,738 315 18,423 13,995 15,582 15,706 124 15,582 20,265 386 19,879 The district includes : — t'rban Districts, Ac. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1 1901. Uxbridge ..... Southall Norwood (railway service) Rural parts ..... 4,102 6,262 8,374 4,483 6,938 8,844 8,206 8,585 7,896 ' 13,200 14,439 ; 17,218 18,738 20,265 30,541 39,003 This district includes Hanwell Lunatic Asylum (London County) with, in 1901, 943 male and 1,610 female inmates (lunatics). The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 587 males 1,108 „ 684 females. 1,370 „ There is also a workhouse school and a small industrial school for Jews, the scholars numbeiing : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 258 boys 185 girls 169 „ 137 „ 229 „ 171 „ Appendix C. 423 m « o CM t- CO 00 CO t- CO >o CO cr> ■^ n "3 o CO TjH ^ a o CO C-l co ?0 t- rH o^ rH ^1 t- ■* Tt< o\ tM 1-1 rH rH T-H T-H C5 o CM 3 tS 1 5? 6h?h Q2 ■1a.2S§ rH ,H Ol rH tH O O lO rH rH I I o o rais lO rj rH rH CM «3 &^a^ «^ Sl2:2 rH -^ O t- t~ CO s to "-^ ■* -itO rH rH 424 England's Beccnt Progress. RHYL. Population (Males). Population (Females). Fifj:istration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1931. 1881. 1891. 1 1891. 1901. .1881. 1891.. i 1891. 1901. St. Asaph . 13,935 13,538 13,538 14,565 1 1 15,523 ' 15,416 ' 15,416 16,481 The district includes :- Urban Districts, Ac. Males. Females. Population. *Rhyl (residential) . 3,701 4,772 6,491 8,473 *Abergele ..... 950 1 , 183 1,981 2,083 *Prestatyn .... 568 693 647 1,261 *Denbigh (part ofl . 2,877 3,286 6.U79 6,163 Rural parts .... 0,469 6,597 13,756 13,066 14,565 16,481 28,954 31,046 T'rban districts. This district contains the North Wales Counties Lunatic Asylum, with, in 1901, 294 male and 352 female inmates (lunatics). The net addition to population caused hy the asylum was :^ 111 1881-90 „ 1891-00 .334 males 336 „ 273 females 366 Appendix C. 425 . c o rr CO -# t- rH t- in CO CO o 1 CI ^ "S 5 o 00 o rH C3 t- CO OS CO CM CO '^i t~ rH I-H ale ai t~ rH e^-s !^ CO O >a Hi . . 1 2g Ol o 00 t~ O) Ol ■<*l o rH CM tr- ■^ CM CO a lO o to CO o rH (M CO in ee CM o rH rH rH rH rH rH CM CM CO c S05 OS male [)ula- ion, 891. CO o 00 ^ CO t- O lO 05 „ CM o rH o -* a 0-51 »Ci CO CO ■* (M o ■^ CO CO CO in ■* lO CO IC CO rH o Oi 00 00 t- CO »n rH Oi ^^-- CO tH r-l r-l rH rH rH rH rH S rH Oi rH T*< ^^ o o L~ in CM t- 09 • S CO CM ■^ m> rH m CO CM I- CD ■sg CS o »o CO t~ i~ CO t- t- 00 in CO CO ^ CO CO oS _-_; 00 ^ CO CD C5 fT. CO ^ (M CO (M CO t~ 3H.li lO ■* lO CO CM O C» CO CO t- CD CO in ■rH ^o^^ CO rH ^~* tH rH rH S • CO «-; 3 o >c o lO (~> no o lO o in O C cS O T-H iH 1 1 o o 1 ci CO 1 CO 1 o 1 LO ■* <±> 1 lO 1 o o 1 in 1 o 1 in : o c3 ^ in 5' tH I-H oi (M CO CO ^ -*! in in CO CO t~ t~ 3 ^»; 1 d o CO lO t- 00 CO °§ rH oi co (M o S"s« lU S) tn ■^ CO CO ^ t- o o o S «§ O CO CO lO CO CO ■<*l rH o rH CO rH t- 2 2 CO o lO CO t- L— 00 CO rH CO r-i CM c:3 CO 1 CO CI L- oo f-> o o o CO '^ I— O CO CO Oi o T-< rH 7-< rH 1 — 1 rH y-< CM Ol t~ Oi Ss (M 1-1 lO t- ^ (M CO CO CO o CD as ■^ CD CO tH ■* a a i-H ^ CO L- Tjl o CO CO 00 rH a §..2 §8 lO o O CO lO CM rH o C35 00 t- t- CD in T-i rH « 0-»i'-l CO tH iH T-t rH rH rH Oi P-hPh rH c 00 -* lO 00 o O li tH • CO CO o rd H) ^ MO r-) lO b- CD CO ^ o rH t- CO in -* -* in CM 5? I— L^ t~ CO 05 O (M CO in t~ o O ■"*! OS L- rH T-t rH rH rH ^^ rt CD CO rH CO Tjl (M in 00 t~ CO CO 00 8 CO o (M t- (M o 2l2S l~ CO lO o CO o o CO L- CD O CD •rH r-. O -^ rH CO i-H tH T-'. r-< Ph rH y * , • • • • • W CS o-S r^'H O "O o m o lO o »o o >o o in o ca rH r-l c-x CO CO -n -f lO ^ t- ,n ^ AA 1 lO A 1 ■o 1 o 'O A 1 c^ in s l-i, 6 o r-t tH CM CM m CO ■* -*l lO in CO t~ t- O 426 England's Becent Progress. MALVEEN, Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Upton-on- ( Severn . t' *Retransfers \ (deduct) ./ 10,672 1 10,431 12,067 1,636 12,887 2,048 12,562 13,035 15,164 2,129 16,429 2,766 10,431 10,839 13,035 13,663 * Malvern Link, taken from Martley district in 1900. The district includes : — Urban Districts, &c. 1903. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Malvern (part of) (residential) . Rural parts .... 6,148 6,739 12,887 8,895 7,534 12,989 14,242 15,043 14,273 16,429 27,231 29,316 The above-mentioned part of Malvern includes Malvern Link. The small remainder of Malvern is in Ledbury (Herefordshire). There is a county lunatic asylum, containing in 1901, 524 male and 638 female lunatics. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 505 males 583 „ 429 females. 528 „ Appendix C. 4:'ll CO c; ;- o CI Tjt O CO >o a" c-^ I T-H ^ CI t- t- o o >o T-l T-H 1 I o o d M c3 J3 ^ T-l CI °.2 « H o lrt> iH o CO r- CO CO 00 Ol t~ o CO c^ 00 lO 1* CO Ol t- t— CO o in 00 CO lO CO CO CO 1-1 CO TtH CO o •^ 00 CO 00 f^PM o co" 00 oo" o o 00 t- CO IC ■* ■^ CO 3^ in CO _ i-H d t- CM c- eo t- CO CO CM to t- t- o «*-» S2 "3 iH t~ CO >o CD OJ CO 05 CO o Ol Ol ° 3 O o o o lO o in '2'S "Sua 1^ oo 1 1 o CO 1 i 1 1 1 o 1 o o 1 o 1 1 i o 12 g^ "" tH O^l O) CO CO -* ^ lO •o CO CO c~ o lO CO ^ o -»< Ol CO tM ^ — <5 t- t~ Ol o CO Ol I* cj iH I-l Ol a (M !M co" o Mf iH I-l "Sc! 00 CO C5 a t- CO t- to CO G5 Ol o Ol r-l a> CO t- CO CO Ol CO o rH or) -if in t- t- to CI CO •>*l Tjf o >o »o CO t- 00 o m Ssg flS ■* ol CO iH CI o 00 CO (33 Ol Tjl (N iH c- CO 00 05 t~ in CO C-l CO CO 00 CO CO iH o CO o cr> CO 1-1 o o en O L- co^ o o_ •* CO CO Ol t- o I* o >o Tjl Ol £S-- O CO t- t- 05 00 !>• «D «o -* ■>*l CO Ol Ol -* CO o 1-t C 'J^ CO Ol CO Ol C5 CO ^1 'S o- ■* CO iH Ol or) I-l C5 ■* iH Ol Ol 3 es • t~ o Ol GO 1—1 Ol o ^ « CO d -r CO L- o -r Gi ^ -if lO ^1 Ol Ol 1-1 Ol aths, 1-90. o •>* 1-H CO t- CO t- m >o -* g C5 o o 05 lO ta o o "O o CO UT t~ o Ol t~ CD CO t-( -* CO o t- o CO CO o ■"*< "O 00 3§..2i »0 CO o ■rH CO CO CO ■^ CD CO c^ lO CO 05 o r-t 00 t- L- CO "O lO ■<11 CO CO Ol Ol Ol iH Ol t- Ol 00 rtO'S o »o o O o lO o lO o o qi "O o o 71 > 12 B^ Hi rH 1-1 CI o CO CO 1 o 1 o 1 o 1 CO 1 ira 1 o 1-1 (^^ C4 CO CO •-"--( CO lO 05 00 CO JO O Oh H O m O O r-l O 00 — ~— , •, CD ■* iH CO o Male opula tion, 1891. 00 -^ 00 -*_ co'^io" CO Ph I-l o O CO a CO o CO (M tH .ac» NPh CO 05 to OJ rl O --I rt T-l i-H 0 CO O L- 48-i Ungland^s Recent Progress, BLACKPOOL. Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census , 1891. Census, 1901. 1831. 1891. 1891. 1 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 30,648 1901. Fylde . . . 19,318 25,G69 • 2.5,669 48.035 21.592 30,648 50.662 The district includes : — Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 23,846 1901. Blackpool (resideutial) 20,945 26,403 47,-348 St. Anne's-oii-tbe-Sea (resideutial) 2 . 824 4.014 2,588 0,8.38 Lytham (resideutial) . 2.951 4,2.34 4,656 7,185 *Kirkham ..... 1,763 1,930 4,003 3,693 *Poulton-le-Fylde 990 1,233 1,412 2,223 *Thornton ..... 1,639 1,469 996 3,108 Fleetwood (seamen) . 6,359 5,723 9,274 12,082 Eural parts .... 5,564 5.6.56 9,542 11,220 43,035 50,662 56,317 93,697 Urban districts. The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels were : — [n 1881 . 166 military . . 245 on board vessels „ 1891 41 .. 241 „ 1901 . 288 ■ 220 Appendix C. 433 t- frl Cf> to (M CO O t- iH 05 ^ (^ (t) to C5 » CO CM tH CO o 05 CM rW CI •* o »o m o li 1-1 L- CO o CO CM CM 00 t~ o ^ cq iH CI lO a CO 1-1 CM T-( iH iH i-l o 3 c« » iO «s S s's M* CO I-l CO O 1-1 00 i-t CO o CO CO en CD CO 5? (M CM ■* CJ5 I— 1 01 CM lO CO CI tH m CI a CD Ol 1-1 1-1 1-< CM CM CM CM CI CO CO CO H< o ■* fi2 CM iH CD «^ 00 t-" t- CJ5 CM 00 t- lO CO CO tH cq 00 iH CI CO Ss =S CM iH -* -* t- CO CO CO o CI 00 o CM O CM ie-2" Ol T-i o 1-1 iH CJ5 CO rH tH 00 VO 'Ttf iH 05 ^ lO N(S am CO CO CO CM CM CM CM I-l 1-1 I-l rH iH O tH >o o iH -* 'i* i-( cq on o ^ O CI 00 CO lO CO CO lO CD CO »o c:3 t- C5 CI rH iO iH °o cS a CO rH ^ ^ CO o 00 CO lO CO CI CI rH CO O CM r-i iH r-i iH iH iH CO £ to iH rtS BO * 1^ hJ - . 1? tH 05 t- lO CO •<*H o CI CI CO t- C75 •* o >o t~ rH 01 O OJ CM CO CT) o iH CO CO o ■^ tH CO lO CO -* CO CM 'i* t- t- >o CO ■^ CI lO iH CM O o o t- 1-1 CT> t- CO CO oq o 00 CO iH C75 ti a.soo rt O -M rt O CO CO CO CM (M 1-1 T-H 1-1 T-l iH iH iH lO tH CO o vn o >o O >c O "O O lO o >o o lO , CO «-3 S iH 1-1 oi CM CO CO "* rji lO lO CO CO t- t~ c3 c3 o o lO o lO o lO O lO o lO o o o 0& iH iH (M CM CO ^ Tt< lO lO CO CO t- L- g< o ^- ^• 'tH 1-1 CO t- Tt< (M t- 00 CO 05 IC c:5 o O lO o S CD OT lO L~ TH ^ CO o ■* t- o 00 C5 lO 05 O CM C» G5 CO ^ tH •* T*< CO Cl cq »o iH CO «s i« o - . O! O t- CO o ■* L~ ■* (M t~ o t~ 1-1 CD <-> t- o »*- ^ lO o 1-1 ^ lO O CO CO CO CO tH >* >o t- 1-1 tH tH 1-1 1-1 1-1 rH iH t-l CI CM CI L— •* oJ 00 q2 iH CO ^ =a - . tH O CT> CM ■* 00 lO 00 CO 05 CO t- CO t- CO '^s «::! CO ■* (35 CM CO t~ CM CO O CO CO o C5 ■* CM S O..2 30 a> CO CO 1-1 00 00 lO CO CT o 05 L~ CO o >C o iH L~ ■* CI O CO o o CM CO CO ^ "* ■o L^ C5 L- CI L- (X) I-l T-l iH iH tH iH rH iH iH CI O L~ '^^ OS tH T«i «^--: C» CO c» t- f. CJJ CO O "5 t- CO CO CO no tH CO o ^, O « rt t-CM CM CM CM 1—1 1-1 r— 1 1-1 CO Ph CI ^ S OS's .5 O O O lO O »o o lO o >o s in O iC _. en III 1-1 rH CI CM CO CO •V T)t 'O 'O o t~ t~ C^A 'O ^ "O ^ lO o Iff lO o "O ^ "O ^ i-( 1-1 cc 0? -r -t< »o CO L— n 3 2 F 434 EngIa)i(Vs Becent Progress. HASTINGS. Registration Districts. Hastings Battle . Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ! 1881. ' 1891. 1811. 1 1901. 1881. ' 1891. 1891. 1901. 21,208 26,294 26,259 27,023 ; 23,921 37,172 j 37,14-4 38,533 7,271 8,489 8,524 10,997 7,081 8,722 [ 8,750 ^ 12,940 23.479 34,783 34,783 38,020 '• 36,002 45,894 : 45,894 ' 51,473 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Population. Females. I ihan district. 1931. Hastings (residential) 26,948 38,580 63,072 65,528 Bexhill (residential) 5,152 7,061 5,206 12,213 *Battle 1,469 1,527 3,153 2,996 Eural parts .... 4,451 4,305 9,246 8,756 88,020 51,473 80,677 89,493 Appendix C. 435 C5 rH CO c^ "* CO CO CO 10 CO i-H -* L- iO OJ CO ^ CI '*< Cl CO ° o •3 03 Ol ; rH rH rH r-i rH i-H CO 9 g If S rH CI t- • M< CI t- • h^ rH aths, 1-00. co cn -* ^ -* 03 tr- ■* CO rH >o 10 CO CI ■* t- io CI C5 rH rH rH CI d Cl CI c; CO CO •^ tH t- t- o CD rH • t- rH rH rH cq rH rH rH s ^ • 'iJH 03 10 CO 10 lO Hi * 10 ^ r-i T-< ^ o I— 03 CO t- rH Cl cq T-H rH T-< CI CI CI CI CI CI CO co -^ CO •<^ QS 05 r-i CD lale pula- ion, 891. t~ 10 Oi -* CI t~ ■* 1-i CT> 00 Ci cq tr- lO T-l CO t- rH 10 rH rH rH L- •* ie ^ t~ o CI rH CI CI C5 j-i cq r-i cq c «•! i-l tH rH CD r^ i 5? Ol 00 CO ■^ 05 »o 00 >o t- •* Td »c ■* CM ^ 00 rH rH cq (M •* t- oq t- 05 05 CO rH rH rH 01 CM CI oq oq cq oq CO CO rH »o Sjs q2 T-l -H 10 male pula- 881. t- to Tjl CO rH cq rH ^ CO >o CO ■* rH CI ■* 03 CT3 (M t- 10 ■* rH cq 00 10 CI CO in t~ CT> .H Id CO 00 CO t~ CI t~ lO CO 00 i-< o CO CI en 00 ce CI CI T-{ r-i rH r-t r-i iH CI «?^ on -* « • « . M • t- 10 • • • hJ tH oTo 05 rH a t- CO CO r-i m r-{ »o CO CD m -* t- 5? i-< rH •^ t- 05 rH oq -* Ttt tH t- oq s 10 rH iH i-t rH rH o CD 00 tH id CO CO C7> l- •H oq t~ 1- CO CO 3a.2S cc CO 'tl L- CI 00 CO co CI rH 00 tr- •<}< CO ^ ■!-> r-( CO CO CO CI CI CI t-l rH rH rH rH 00 Ph CO 1 . . to lO q ■0 >c 10 10 10 io a c« lO &< i"s S rH tH C-l CI CO CO •rtl 'V 10 >o CO L- L- cic^ ■o ci >o c^ >o X >A A .A 1 A H rH 01 CO CO TM -ti 10 CO t- It- P W 1.1 '■f m Snghncts Eecent Progress^ BATH. Eegistration District. Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1 Bath . . 30,129 , 32,2G4 .32,2G4 33,084 40,615 42,932 42,932 44,520 The district includes : — iBoroughs, I'rbau Districts, A-c. Bath (residential) Twerton (rural) Eural parts 1 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. 20,194 29,645 51,844 49.839 5,.3G2 5.736 7,685 11,098 7,528 ' 9,1.39 15,667 16,667 33,084 44 , 520 75 , 196 77,604 There seems to he an overflow of Bath into Weston (as well as Twerton) which is chiefly responsible for the remarkable excess of females in the "rural" parts. But the whole area of growth of the city is within the district. The Royal United Hospital probably admits patients from outside the district. The ratios of deaths in that institution to total deaths were : — ■ Males. Females. 1881-91 . 8-5 per cent. 4-8 per cent 1891 -01 . 10-0 „ „ ... 5-6 „ „ Appendix C. 437 f _: 1 .-H CO ■o CM rH in CD t- ^ CM iH rH oTo O t- ■>*( >-l CiO CO 00 rH ^ C3 00 (M CO O in t- a •*! lO t- 00 CM t- O CD nn HI Q >o T-l T-l .-1 iH tH CM CM CO CO tH in t- t- 1 CD p^ ^ Ol O ^ O 00 o CM lO cc o Oi in 00 -* CO CO CI 00 CD CD CO Ol (M 00 ^ CO o 00 in in rH in feiS*"'^ 00 eo CO CO -* eo CO o -H t~ 00 C» 00 (M 00 Tfl ■HI o o lO lO o O t~ o^ o 00 CD in CO rH o a CO HI ^ 3*^5 C3 CO CO CO CO (M H rH r-l rH tH rH rH a CO ^* _A _ s , 7} Is O'H o "o O ■o o lO o >o o "O o lO O "O ?»'2i 1 rH rH CI 01 CO Hi HI IQ in CD CD l~ i- ■r^ f •n in o lO ^ = 1 '"' r-t 01 01 CO CO ■* -^ lO m Ci) o i- ••- 3 438 England's Becent Progrcsis. THANET. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1 1891. ! 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Tbanet . . 23,499 25,516 25,516 30,587 i 27,322 32,834 i 32,334 37,874 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Margate (residential) 10,091 13,027 18,662 23,118 Eamsgate (residential) 12,411 15,322 24,733 27,733 Broadstairs (residential) . 2,761 3,705 5,234 6,466 *Westgate-on-Sea 1.182 1,556 1,847 2,738 Rural parts .... 4,142 4,264 7,374 8,406 30,587 37,874 57,850 68,461 A rural parish with rapidly increasing population. The numbers of persons found on board merchant vessels were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 797 167 170 Appendix C. 439 ITS o CO Ol CO lO CO L- tH rH CO lO Ol o lO CO CO ^ Ol iC t- O 'ii •^ o§ 'S "^^ 00 c^ r-i '"' ""^ ""• rH rH rH L- '3'a O r-l CO m o o O CO Ol t- mo 5? to Ol o rH CO 00 C5 CO ^ lO CO Ol •^ >o m o lO ■^ CO Ol CO >n CO o Ol ■^ 00 -* Ol CO CO r-l rH tH rH rH rH rH Ol Ol O) Ol CO CO d as "^ 1-t lO sE.2g O T« 00 CO CO CO CO CO rH o oq ^ I-H o r-t o CO o CO CO 05 Oi Ttl en -* Ol rH m ■* CO O r-l o rH Ol lO O lO t- Ol t- o rH r-t ■S J- CO o\ '^ >o CO 00 O Ol CO ^ CO o t~ 00 t- r-l rH r-\ rH r-< rH oq Ol Ol Ol Ol CfJ Ol o «2 .-( o 03 00 »o O CO ^ Ol <_, tH 00 tr- kO 1-t rH Ol lO (M .-1 o >o i-H CTl lO CO o t~ io o t~ CO ■* Ttl J2 a.2S Ol O CO OJ t^ t- CO •^ ■* Ol rH o t~ CO CO t- 1^ t~ CO CO CO Ol rH rH rH rH T-H ^ rH r-{ of CO C80.2 o >« o lO o lO O lO o lO o >o o lO ^3S r-l r-l 1 1 o o Ol 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o CO 1 CO 1 lO r-l rH CI Ol CO CO '^ •<3f lO »o CO CO t- t~ O^ « M fl lO >o M< CO Ol rH Ol CO t- CO lO t- t~ o S ^ CO t~ o rH '^i C5 CO o T*( CO CO co ^ o ^ 00 CM tH T-H t~ S 2 T—t Ol Ol £0 . «§ i C5 <3 CO o M Ol Ol . . "O rH t~ -* t- ^ >c CO Ol lO 00 f-, Ol Ol >o lO CO CO --H -* m o l~ 00 o T-i o o >o »o rH r-{ rH rH T-i rH r-H T-i 1-t Ol Ol CO o 00 Soo ft2 T-l rH ■* male pula- on, 881. O lO Oi rH 05 O a> 00 t- -« o rH Ol CO CO o o »o ■^3 r^ tH rH CI C) CO CO -K -H ■O ■n o CO l- t- -^ i' -3 O O lO o >o o lO O 'O r^ lO >o o ^ 3 « rH rH Ol Ol CQ CO -tl -* o lO '■^ ty I- 440 England's Bcccnt Progress. SCARBOROUGH Segistration District. Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. ' 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. ! 1901. Scarborough. 20,009 20,554 20,554 22,539 23,256 25,495 25,495 28,571 The district includes : — 1901. Population. Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Scarborough (residential) 16,123 22,038 33,776 38,161 *Filey 1,368 1,635 2,481 3,003 Rural parts ..... 5,048 4,898 9,792 9,946 22,539 28,571 46,049 51,110 Urban district. The numbers of mihtary officers and men in barracks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels were : — In 1881 . „ 1891 . „ 1901 . 3 military ... 257 on board vessels. 73 ,, ... 55 ,, ,, 174 „ ... 51 r Appendix C. 441 VO T-l ■* ^H CO in o CO !T5 t~ -+i O Ci ^* t- t- o ■<*l T-l T-l 00 CI o t- o CM in -kj.2 '3 •<*l CO rH rH tH d ri I-l 5 £ m CO C^ o ■* cn m = C5 t- o o ^ CO o T-l CO rH O o CI CO in CO oo o CI CO •rH in CD 00 t- CO in CD CN tH T-l T-t T-l T-l iH T-l CI oq CO tH CO 0) S5 Q2 I-l rH rH ■5 - - -; CM —1 CO C71 in -* ■* in T-l rH 03 00 CO rH d t~ o o o CM 00 CO Ci o CI in L~ tH CO 00 O a CM lO lO o CO ^ o 00 in CO Cl rH en l:~ t- CD s cs 5d © O-k^rH CD 0-5 (M CM c^ CI cq tH tH I-l tH i^ rH r-t *PM CO . o ■ o t~ CI ■«* I-l rH in CI CO CO ° = -H C35 CO tH t~ I-l CO CD rH m CO rt T-H iH I-l S C8 « o 01 CO rH o CM CI in 1-5 rH ^ "* rH oTo CO t~ CM o 1-1 a CO T^ CI CO Oi 00 o CI CD ~9 t- CO <» o O o o^ •* o GO 'Tt ■*! o o 00 ■* T-l tH tH tH tH r-l rH CI CM CI CO rH S05 OS r-l rH Ol l:~ •^ t- CO T-\ 00 T-l CI CI 00 rH CO rH CO CD «- _-^ (M CD T-l T*l lO a CT. •* CO rX CI L— L~ rH CO t- 3 c..2» CO CO o ■^ CI in CO CO o Oi CO b- O CI 00^ « 0-"-^ CD oi CM CM c^ T-l tH tH T-l iH rH CO fiH CM f^-S c4 0-- O lO o lO o in o in o in o in o in fl y 1 1 o o 1 lO CjJ CD CO 1 CO 1 o 1 in 1 o in 1 in in o CD 1 in ^ 1 in L- 1 O c3 ri I-l iH CM C5 CO CO -^i rH in in CO CD L- t-b' ■« s C CO ^ CO CI o t- t^ o _^ s 03 O Cl rH t- m o O CO CO Iq m CO CD T-l -* t~ rH 00 CM CD ■■# in t- rjl hJ T-l CI CM tH 1-1 4? (M eo o O in CD CO in GO CO rH CO rH in CO CM c» o d CI CM CI CO ttf CD a CO CO rH O iH tH T-l T-l tH tH tH rH tH cq CI Oi rH O GO OS iH -* male ou, S81. CO CO >n O o iH ^ o T-l rtH CO in 00 o CD O O C5 (» CD CX) CO o m rH CO CO CO L~ in rH CO CD CO CM '^ CI C» CO -* CM rH o OD L- CO CD SS-" CO IM CM CM CM CI iH T-l I-l rH iH rH o d .. . OT •S , o CO in CO »§ o CI CO rH .~> -k:> o To . -* Ol -H CI 09 t- -H T-l rH o CO Phw w CO >o CM o in o CD CO tH 00 ^ CO T-H CD in T-l CI as rH j^ CO t~ in o Til CO in 00 CO rH CO CO CI CO CO •* CO L- a o o tH M ■* O GO CI CO CO GO li in tH T-l iH tH rH rH CI CI L- Ci T-l CO >H 'H >.o O CO CO L~ ^ l~ CO CD L- rH -H l~ o 3J #^ -T • .-1 en L~ o c^ o Ci CI CO in l~ -M in CI rt SBS Tji CM n a i- H*^ 3 T-l ^ 1 1 CI 1 CI CO 1 CO 1 1 -ti 1 in 1 in 1 CD 1 ^ 1 1 C8 g ^ i^ L> oo lO o ID o lO o in o in o in o T-l CI CI CO CO -* ■>*< in in CD o L- 442 England's Bcccnt Progress. HAKROGATE. Population (Males) Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Knaresborongh . .' 10,440 12,061 12,061 18,047 12,195 15,097 15,097 22,457 The district includes : — ■ Urban Districts, &c. Harrogate (residential) . *Knaresborough Rural parts . Population. 2,317 3,707 18,047 Females. 12,023 16,400 : 16,316 2,662 3,395 4,649 6,193 28,423 4,979 7,102 22,457 27,158 40,504 Urban district. Appendix C. 443 CO T*< rH CO 00 CO 10 CM rH tr- o■^ CM MJ d t~ »o CT> CO CB ■^ cn CO o a G 0> C5 r-{ L— CO o io L- t- CO oq ■^ CO CM CO rH rH ot 1 CO t- lO ■* OS 00 rH CO 10 C5 lO CO CO CM mal on, 891. 00 C35 (M rH >n (35 CO 00 CO Ir- L- CO ^ CO ■^ 10 CO rH t:- t:- in -* » o -^rt TjH tH ,—1 rH T->, rH 7-{ rH EuPh e U5 ■* C55 lO t- CO 00 (M CO t- •<* CO cn 00 »o 10 CM ■* t- 05 00 CO CO CD CO yg -* CO 10 ■* CO CM CM oq rH rH CD^ 12 y-{ -* S to Pig 3 • .-= CO C3 CM CO ^-{ CO ^ CM Ol H( TtH I:- CO CO -■? CI •^ t- t- 00 o lO CO CM 00 10 ^ 00 tr- 10 CO CO ■H rH CM rH CO 00 t~ lO io ^ Co" rH a . , , ■g"S.3 10 10 lO 10 10 lO lO >H 1 1 1 1.0 1 CO 10 CO 1 10 1 in 1 10 1 t- 1 in 1 c3 c3 tH i-l CM CM CO CO -# ■* C- ^ OT >o CI CO on rH CM a CM -* C^ CM CO 03 C-I CO L- a lO L^ in CO Ol CO •^ ^ rH S to rH p^s . 1^ OT d (M (M rH rH ■* CO 10 CO CO CO t- CO CO 05 .a=> CO ->*l CO t- tr- t- 00 CO CD 00 IS 10 rH rH rH c- OJ ' CO (M rH CO (Ti rH io rH 00 rH >* e>] CO 00 — rt - . H< CO Ci t- CM -H C5 CO t- 10 iE.2i ceo CM CM CO rH Ci CO L- 10 in ■TH co L- C<1 O-WrH r-l ^ rH 10 fePH rH d CO q (M CM J5C» I— 'H CO ■* lO 10 CO t- 00 rH L~ rH i-t r-t tH OS CM ■^ Ol ira CO CO 10 rH CO m CO tH o lO 10 -*f tH th 00 10 co" PM s ■^'o ^ -^ "1 ^3 nr) 10 10 >o >o 10 10 a^ 1> "^ " 1 r-l ,-H 01 Ol CO CO HI -1^ 10 10 CD CO L- l- rt d 'I 4'S ?i AA 1 10 A 1 10 A 10 <±> ira lO 10 ^ S '-^ a rH rH CM o 6-S S 446 England's Recent Progress. ISLE OF WIGHT. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Isle of Wight 3i,932 36,482 36,482 37,803 88,701 ' 42,190 42,190 44,615 The district includes : — Boroughs, I'rban Districts, &c. Males. Females. Pu^nilation. 1891. 1901. Hyde (residential) . *St. Helens Cowes (seamen, shipbuilding engineering) *East Cowes Newport (military) . Sandown (residential) *Shanldin Yentnor (residential) Rural parts 4,499 2,007 4,055 0,544 2,045 4,597 37,808 44,615 10,952 4,484 7,690 78,672 11,043 4,052 8,652 1,540 1,656 2,934 3,196 5,111 5,800 10,216 10,911 2,069 2,937 4,691 5,006 1,7G1 2,772 3,921 4,5.33 2,402 3,464 6,566 5,866 l4,859 14,200 27,218 28,559 82,418 rrlian districts w ith less than 50UU inhabitants. The numbers of miUtary officers and men in barracks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels were : — In 1881 ,, 1891 „ 1901 848 military 907 735 003 on board vessels. 258 270 Appendix C. 447 448 BnglancCs Becent Progress, BOURNEMOUTH. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1S81. 1891. 1 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Christchurch Retransters ) (deduct) . / 12,419 ' 22,849 23,013 27.707 104 189 i 22,849 27,518 17,036 31,308 31,516 148 41,033 191 81,368 ! 41,442 The district iDcludes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. Population. Bournemouth (residential) Winton (residential) *Pokesdown . *Cliristchurch Rural parts . 17,350 29,653 3,246 3,473 2,068 ! 2,862 2,035 I 2,169 37,785 I 47,003 4,493 0,719 3.008 3.476 2,239 3,994 6,018 27,707 41,033 54,529 4,930 4.204 6,484 69,340 * I'rban districts with less than 5000 Inhabitants. Besides Winton and Pokesdowu it would be fair to include Branksome in the neighbouring district of Poole amongst the dependencies of Bournemouth. Appendix C. 449 05 o s ■<*l ^ o a n in CO ^ Ci CI • ^ Ttl ■* o •rtt C5 CI CO r^ b °o •s t- CI Ttf t~ iH tH CO cq CO IM CI iH 00 C5 tH (M t~ gg o t~ rH o 1-1 CO 1-1 1* in rJH 1-1 m 00 Ci tr ^ CO CI lO Ol 00 00 o OC CI t- slss o lO cc I— 1 CO 1-1 CO in CI o CO 1^ 0^ ^^-" o Ol n ^ CI o r-l iH CI CI Cl CI CI 1-1 rH in 3 c3 «i Eg o 1-^ CO I js'o ■<* o cq 8 CO CO t- -H CI CO CI l:~ t- O t*3 ^ lO o ■* -* in CO CO CO CO •* cn ■* Cj-H CO # o 00 CO iC O t- '^(5'^'^ o oq o o >n o in o in t-l iJ r-l rH 1 1 o o 1 in 1 o 1 c^ -*< 1 o 1 in 1 o CO 1 in CO o L- 1 m o in - T-H r-^ ---; CI lO Ol 1-1 ■* lO CI t- L- Ol o ~v o 1* CI -H L^ .-1 C5 00 CO ■^ -f o o CO o CO SE.2S CO L-^ "O^ CO 1-1 <^„ o 00 L- CO ■n -* •V CO in o ..o*.^ lO i-H tH iH tH iH 1-1 00 rH = *i '-fc- 2 -^ns ■- -' ■" O 'Q o 'O o 'O o 'O o "O o "O o in ■5^ rS ^ CI CO CO -n -H "O cr> CO L- 1- «S * ii 1 o O 1 i 1 6 1 i.O 1 o 1 m 1 o ■0 1 o L^ S^ ^ 5 1 ""^ '"' CI CI CO CO ~f> -*1 in o o o L- '1 G 450 England's Recent Progress. WOKTHING Kegisti-ation District. Population (iMales). Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Kast Preston 12,264 14,538 14,538 17,211 14,100 17,856 17.856 21,715 The district includes : — Boroughs Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. Population. 1891. Worthing (residential) 8,097 11,918 16,606 20,015 Littlehamptou (residential) 3,. 348 4,015 5,772 7,363 * Arundel ..... 1,324 1.415 2,644 2,739 Rural parts .... 4,442 4,367 7,372 8,809 17,211 21,715 32,394 38,926 * Irban district with less than 5000 inhabitants. Appendix C. 451 i" 'SH 00 CO 00 L- _,. t- ~^ H< t^ X ^ .-H 1— < rH a r-l Til rn l- -.§ 03 00 Tfl CO r-t rH r-l T-t '"' ^ '"' t- Cl sS • «:q 07 , 3 1-:; CO • • If 05 -* 01 TJH CO CO 00 Oi CO CO OJ 10 tr- 1 Oi 00 t- 00 00 00 00 01 1-i Cl Cl 10 Oi rH Cl rH T-< T-t rH 00 Cl as Cl _ . - _ 0^ ^ »o 00 1* CO CO t- CI t- CI ■* tr- rH t- 00 T-i ^^ 1-1 y-i 00 Ci CO Cl lO in tr- tr- CO CI rH Oi t- tD lO Cl 00 1^1^ ■* r-l rH »H rH 1-i rH rH rH rH 1-t rH Cl en CD I- tr- Oi -* 10 rr rH tn c rH ■* io rH 00 Cl CO rH C5 ■* o g t~ T-t CI rH rH rH rH rH CO gs /S-- S »H t- rH S >^ r-1 co rH «-= CO iCi (M CO M S CI CO CO lO -* CO 5? ^ to t~ CO C5 — H ?a lO CO CD rH rH rH r-l rH rH -H 00 » 2 o2 Cl — -*— -V ■5 =1 So tN t- Q CO ■^ T— t 10 t- -# lO Cl rH rH 00 lO rf< 00 rtl t- CI 00 T*( ■* 00 1-1 t> 00 00 ■rH CI Ir- t- t- lO 10 -* C5 Ttl 1-1 1-1 1-1 7-t 00 Pi ;; ? 10 >n 10 lO 10 10 r5 >o a ^ iH 1-1 tM CN CO CO •* •* 10 "? to "? '•7 "•7 :S S 10 »o 10 lO lO H* Q iH CO CO ^ tH 10 lO CO t- CO Tt< to CO CO ■* C3 a t- 00 CO -5 10 «t^ «3 CO t~ 00 lO 1* 10 Cl T-^ to Cl 10 Oi Cl CO '=' s (D CO rH rH r-< rH rH rH Cl « PS'- ^ ^* >-3 2'S o^ 05 CO tr- 00 rH Cl C5 CO 10 05 to ■* ■o io CO CD t- on C5 05 Cl 10 00 CD 10 rH r-t rH 10 rH Q2 Cl , — '^— ^ .2d . . ^ fH rH ■^ CI Ci Cl CO rH CO 05 Cl no rH CK t~ 10 CI CO CI 00 ■* I- Cl Cl Cl 00 CO ',0 rX LO 'fl CI CTi Oi t- to 10 -* ■^ 00 t- c a..;; -/) r r -^ rt rH t- Es.Ph r-t «• d t- C^ s t- 00 -* t- iO CO 01 rH = 03 CO 05 05 CO 05 eo lO tr- Cl 05 10 S " («-^ "'^s Sg s 05 CD s ^ iH CO rH o in 10 ^ lO IQ 10 10 &" rH .-1 1 1 CI 1 CI 1 CO 1 in CO 1 2 10 'O 1 ^ 1 1 a 1-1 c-i CI CO 1^ •* 10 10 to CD l- 1. — ' 2 o 2 452 England's Recent Progress. TORQUAY, &c Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistiation Districts. Census , 1891. Census, 1901. Census , 1891. Census 1901. 1S81. i 1S91. ' 1891. 1901. 1S81. 1891. 1891. 1901. Newton Abbot Totnes . . Retransfers i (add) . . / 32,965 ' 34,358 34,358 .34,378 42,107 17.325 19,162 19,084 19,292 19,269 45,138 21,270 45.138 21,206 45,934 22,153 50,290 53,520 53,442 53,670 78 63 1 61,376 66,408 1 66,344 1 68,087 64 j 64 53,520 53,733 .. 66.408 ! 68,151 The district includes :- I'ji 1. Pupulatioii. ' Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Torquay (residential) .... 13,339 | 20,286 33,825 33,625 Teignmoutli (seamen) . 3,531 ! 5,105 ! 8,292 8,636 *Davvlish .... 1,576 2,427 4,210 4,003 Newton Abbot (railway service) 5,733 i 6,784 11,031 12,517 *Asliburton .... 1,204 , 1,424 2,762 2,628 Paignton (residential) . 3,512 ' 4,873 6,783 8,385 Brixham (fisbing) 3,691 1 4,401 7,978 8,092 Dartmoutb (military, seamen) 3,395 ' 3,184 1 6,025 6,679 *Totnes .... 1,772 2,263 4,113 4,035 *Buckfastleigh 1 , 183 ; 1,337 , 2,691 2,520 Rural parts ...... 14,734 1 16,003 32,076 30,737 53.670 ' 08.087 119,780 121,757 Urban districts with less than oOUU inhabitants. It should be noted that in Teignmouth and Newton Abbot, as well as in Dawlish, there is a large residential element. The numbers of military officers and men in Imrracks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels were : - In 1881 . . 126 military . . 313 on board vessels „ 1891 . • 29 • 339 „ 1901 . . 450 . 282 Appe}idic G. 453 o c r-l o Ol lO rH I- 11 c3 lO o Ol 00 CO o Ol T-< 1 3* • 05 »o Oi CO tH CO o CO CO QQ »o • OI Ol »o t- L- CO o 3 tH CO t~ o tH CO r-\ »"o o o L~ L— CO t- lO CO o Ol CO CO o 1 CI o 12 L~ o CO t^ 00 GO CO o ^ CI T*H o o tH OI Ol Ol Ol Ol cc cc -* "# CO CO CO Ol So» 02 OI cc o rH ^__^ ula- 91. OiO CO CO CO t- t~ lO CO 00 •* Ol t- Ol tH t- O X) Oi o CO o »o ■<*l IC •* CO o t- T-l J-^ O TJH "* cc CO Ol CO t- o^ CO CO o CO Ol Ol o CO o CO CO CO o lO ■* ■^ CO CO cc Ol Ol •o o i-H 00 . s (M CO C5 CO •^ 00 3 CO lO 1-1 00 CO t- s^ OD o T-{ CO Ol iH o o Ol Ij iO EC ^ o C5 Ol CO o rH cc r-{ f^'^ o Ol t- OD CO »o tH o "S M iH T-K •* 2 ^ i-O CO ■O Ol L~ CO CO CO CI cc »o CO «* 01 o CO ira O •^ o L~ OD Ol L~~ lO t~ rH •^ Ol CO t-H T-H Ol Ol Ol Ol CO CO cc ■^ IC t- -* ■* SS5 P2 o o >o o o o lO o o t3 n3 «c 3 iH .-1 I 1 oo OI 1 OI 1 o CO 1 CO 1 1 o 1 lO 1 o CO 1 o 1 o 1 1 o 1-1 OI Ol CC' cc 'i^ -# lO lO o CO t- fl '^ o S a X t~ o CO cc CO *flj OS CO •y • CO lO o Jj.2 C5 iH CO rH rH Q M ""7^ oq rH CO lO ^ t~ T-t CO Ol «S c L— t- -* 00 Ol 1-t 01 rH CO 1-^ CO CO Ol CO s's ITS ■«*< -* o CO CO tH o CO 00 b- o C2 cc Ol "^ 1 ^ O CO t- CO cc t- t~ o CO lO GO Ol cc Ol rt '-' o iH OI 01 Ol Ol Ol Ol CO CO ■>* lO t~ cc t~ ^^ PS Ol cf of ^— '— *\ ^ s cc cc CO r-( CO -* Ol ^ L~ »o .-1 Ol rH OI CI Ol ^ - = r^" Ci iH OI OI o o t^ o CO CO CO tX CO CO Tt< CO O L- ■* CO o t- CO Ol o CO o t~ -tl Ol co^ ■*„ i* ::> w f-* lO o o o o lA ■* -* cc CO CO Ol Ol Ol •* co" ^Ah r-l t~ .,,,-- — _. a , CO 01 CO CO lO CO Ol (,_, aj 'S • lO L— Ol 00 00 CO CO J.j o T-l T-H S p CO CO OI t-( CO >rt rH CO 0) SB M L- CO o >o CO T-{ Ol «-^ o T-l o -H CO Ol CO rH of 2'2 OD CO CO C5 t- iH Ol Tji CO •^ Ol »o c- ~ oi~^ lO 05 t- T-l -* -*f lO CO CI Cd t- •^ rH o Q CO r-( iH OI Ol CM Ol Ol Ol CO eo Ttf «) CO Ol 'i* q; :o 02 ^."'^^ Ol 01 CC t-( -* o Ol CO Ol ■>** CO Ol 00 t- ■<* lO ~co CO o o OS >o •^ Ol Ol tn ■* CO co •tH Ol 00 s =..1 i CO 00 Ci_ a> 00 Ol °°„ o_ •* Ol y-{ Ol CD ®1 CO s p « 4i lo'o Co' >n" ■^ CO co" oT (m" of of Ol T-H ,—1 co lO Pli CO a , ,"~ 7J *^ '*.! 13 rrt 1^ S = g o o o ■o o 'O o "O o "O o lO o ■o 1^ 1 ^^ I-l 1 1 o o OI 1 OI 1 o CO 1 CO 6 1 1 o •o 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o I- 1 o '"' Ol Ol CO CO -« ■^ o o CO CO L- EnglancVa Becent Progress TUNBRIDGE. Registration District. Tonbridge . Retransfers (deduct) Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. I 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 23,675 26,682 26,902 30,095 27,832 31,678 31,892 36,708 .. ! .. I 220 160 .. I .. ' 214' 168 26,682 29,935 31,678 36,540 The district includes 1901 Population. Males. 1 Females. 1891. 1901. Tanbridge Wells (part) (residential) 1 13,035 ' 18,514 27,675 31.549 Southborough (residential) 3,145 3,832 5,409 6,977 Tonbridge (railway service) 6,207 6,529 10,117 12,736 Rural parts ...... 7,708 7,8.33 15,593 15,541 80,095 36,708 58,794 66,803 The other part of Tunbridge Wells extends into Sussex, and is of small importance. The railway service in excess of the ordinary ratio only employs 8-5 per cent, of the working males in Tonbridge, which in effect is an ordinary trading town. ">. Appendix C. 455 00 .H ■* ^ t~ rH CD rH t- C5 lO CI CD ^ iH CD r~i in CO io "s a 1-1 rH rH rH T-t rH If cq rtg in 3 ■ Tj< 1-1 CM la CD CO rH 00 t- CO (M ^ t- CD o CD (M C5 t~ 1* CO OS iH ^ tH «-^c-4 tH t-I 10 CO CD 00 r-{ a t- 05 05 t- 00 CO CO 05 T-i 05 ■•*< 1-1 »o 00 lO CO 3I2S (M CO CO 00 00 CD 10 CO (M t- »o CO ,^ O-^rl L-CO CO M CM o lO C s-i (M 1 10 6 CO 1 10 CO 1 1*1 1 1 1 10 1 I 1 1 ^1 1-1 itH ■* 10 CD CD t- Q c 05 CO Ol (M CO C5 C5 rH 10 CI iH CM • Ol rH 10 05 05 CO ^0 CO 1-1 CD « tc - 1-1 ^ CO 00 CO rH ^ ""S to 00 (M 05 IC CO C<1 m rH 00 00 CO rH (M CO CO 10 10 t- >o io -* tH iH iH l-( rH rH rH rH rH C^ c t~ •* rH en 10 C4 t~ CO CO CI o -^ CO CI L- •n t^ CD •* 00 CO lO rH CI CO a L~ CO •^ CD ■^ CO T-< CO CD rH ■* o iO 10 lO »o 10 a M r-( i-H CM CO CO 1*1 -J< 10 CD CD l- I- eS cS ^'si ii 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 10 1 '"' 1-1 01 Ol CO CO •^ -fl lO >C CO CD L- 456 EnglaucVfi liecent Progress. BEDFORD. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1S91. Censius, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 19'jl. 1881. 1891. 1891. 19ni. 1881. 1 1891. 1891. 1901. Bedford . . 20.866 24,114 24,114 26,-526 22,-568 27,338 27.338 31.160 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Populat on. Males. Female.s. 1S91. 1901. Bedford (residential, engiueeriug) *Kempston .... Rural parts .... 1.5,199 2.446 8,881 19.945 2,283 8.932 28,023 3,989 19.440 35.144 4,729 17.813 26.-526 31 . 160 51 , 452 .57.686 * lvl)an district ailjuining Bedford, containing l)arrack.'j Tlie numbers of military officers and men in barracks, Sec, were : — • In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 290 295 175 The General Infirmary possibly admits patients from outside the district. The ratios of deaths in that institution to total deaths were : — Males. Females. n 1881-91 . 6-0 per cent. 3-2 per fent „ 1891-01 • fi"9 3-6 Ap'pendix C. 457 1 LO ■* C3 CTi rH rH o L- L- o -♦< CO OJ >o rH CM a-> iC CO ° 5 '3 CO CO cq iH o o ~-^ 'i To t- t- CO 00 c- I^S CO CC-. CO CM r*; >^ lO CM »r< D 00 .H o o —1 00 o '^ CO 00 CO 01 o 03 »o t3 1 ■^ t- t~ CO 00 00 o CM I** t- rf\ X t- X o iH y^ rH rH "M CM o CO gS ^ '-^ CO |i^-„- ^ C3 3-1 o ^ o i-H i-H O lO X tH O ^ -* 05 Tt< lO t~ CD lO CO c 00 CO >o (M '* lO CO lO t- - X o^ •^ X o T— t LO r-l I— o o CO iH a, r- o c~ f^S o 01 CI CM CO Ol (M iH tH tH iH rH iH CO CO . CM O «\ t- o lO o t~ o t~ LO t~ lO o t^ X L^ CO ^ CO o g Ol — -*J V to • !M CO CO •"*! 00 t~ o CO "^S Hi •«J< soCS (M t~ CC tH uO lo (M CO 00 o t- CO ■* CM t- L^ c- GO Ci o 1—1 CM CO lO t- o ^ eo 1—1 r-l iH iH rH tH (M CM C3 X C2 1-1 CO t-CO CO IM o CO o "O 00 C3 CO tH ■* CM O tH ^ " -T^ tH tH ^ o L^ '*< CN CO iH <~i •* CO (M Ij 5 5 ^ t~ 00 O ^ o CO CO •^ C-1 O C: t- O CO X a|-42 o c-i CO CO CO i-H -^ ■H f— 1 r— 1 ,— f tH o CO g 9} n-s-i o >o o o o lO o o o lO o o o LO t-l T-H 1 6 o CO 1 o 1 o 1 1 1 O o 1 CO 1 o 1 LO 1 o tH rH o^ 01 CO r*l -* o lO CO CO t~ CC t~ •* t- .^ -* ., ^ -n 1* <4-t ™ fc- T— 1 ^ L- CO o o CO => s T^ r-l • tH o n 3 g V CD . P^;::? ^ S? CO o ■^ tX X lO CO o CO t- O ^ t- CO CO o CM .^S-2S iM to o ■<* CM o lO ■* CO r-l "^^ X X L- •* X (iNA< ^ 71 (M oa o{ iH iH 1-1 iH tH '"' iH X CM . . Oi •* CO 05 eo 05 Ol 00 o cm t- o °s >s tH t- o CO CO 00 CM 01 iH i-( ■* iH t- S2 tH m • 'M -* o O fM 8 iH 1! o o CO o o (M -* rH o Ol ^^ o CT> CI L- L— iH ^ So-- CO o O >o o lO o lO o lO o >o O ■o > 1 o o 1 "O 1 o 'f3 1 o 1 ^ r-l L~ n 458 England's Beccnt Progress. SOUTHEND Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1S81. 1891. ! 1S91. 1 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Rochford 12,696 15,029 15,029 24,661 11,710 I 15,242 15,242 1 26,509 The district includes : Urban Districts, &c. Population. Southend (residential) . "Leigh-on-Sea (residential) "Shoeburyness Rural parts . Males. Females. 1891. 1901. 12,915 15,942 13,242 28,857 1,790 1,877 2,108 3,667 2,286 1,795 2,990 4,081 7,670 6,895 11,931 14,565 24,661 26,509 30,271 51,170 Urban districts with less than 5000 inhabitants. Shoeburyness contained the School of Gunnery, with 724 officers and men. The numbers of military officers and men in baiTacks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels were as under : — In 1881 466 military . . 697 on board vessels „ 1891 620 ■ 131 „ 1901 732 • 168 Appendix C. 459 i60 .i^/if/himrs llrnnt J^ivi/rrss. CHELTENHAM. Populatior (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1S81. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. ' 1891. 1901. Cheltenham. 2.3,397 22.714 22.714 24,155 32.210 32.072 82,072 33,727 The district includes : Population. Boroushs, Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. Cheltenham (residential) . 20,267 29.172 47 , 121 49,439 *Charlton Kings . '. 1,710 2,096 2,995 3.806 Rural parts .... 2,178 2,459 4,670 4,637 24.1.55 33.727 54.786 57.SS2 * L'rbaii district with less than 50UO inliabitants, adjacent to Cheltenham. The General Hospital possibly admits patients from outside the district. The ratios of deaths in that institution to total deaths were : — Male.s. Females. In 1881-91 . 4-4 per cent. 3-1 per cent „ 1891-01 ■ 7-5 4-0 Ajjpendix C. 461 cc (-1 t^ ■* ^^ cq I tH _; T-( IC ifcrt 2 — ■* • on :« -^s o iH a 2 « Sc „; 00 03 W 10 rH X 1C5 ^■^ , 1 CO Ci CM C5 ■* -* ■^ CO -* ■* 2"g CO CO 10 t- c^ X 10 t~ X t- cq CO t- 5? X T-l CM -t< L- •i^ C1 CO m CI ■Sri, CM T-t r—t I-l CI CI CO -* OS 1-1 rH in male piila- on, 891. iH ^ CO (M ^ in X X (M cq t- CO rH CO 00 t- IM t- CO X CD 10 CO cri X CO 10 »o oo_^ CT)^ CO >— 1 t- C-1 X o_ ^ CI H, 10 T-l nn iH us tH CD -* »o 05 • tH tH als ta iH iH ^i CD CM 00 L- CO 1? T-l en l~ T-\ CO CO -* CM X Ci in rH CO X Oi CO CO C5 rH 10 X CI t- rH CD gs 0:1 tH T-l T— 1 r~t CI C1 CO cq p2 '"' ^ ^ jH i-H OT CD m »o CO m CO Oi Oi X 10 in « .s -^• iH ^. t- CM CO 01 T-l o cq CO ■* 3S,.2§ cc t- ^^ «5_ 10 co^ T-l X L~ o_ O^CM .-1 i-H CM CM CO CO -* •^ >c CO c~ ft CC rn ^ L~ CO CO tof ons Gai ■* !M 00 CM a CI *^ -4^ ^t lO Q CO CD 05 CO >n cn 03 »o CM o:> I-l '^ tH CD CO ^ 3 CO iH •* T-l rH t-l tH C5 md, (M 10 X CM CO n cq oi T-\ tH in male 011, SSI. ^ CO "C X tH 35 oq a -+l CI t-l rH Cl in »o CO L- C^ cc CI t- CO UO a X CO ^ CI CO C5 o en 03 •^ ^u* r-{ CO CM X CO >o L~ rH P4m iH i-H -* 10 IM (M CD rH C5 ? CO '-I CO T-l tH li^ vA T-l " ec bTo rn Ci CM iH cr. 1.0 L- ^ X -# >n t- L~ L- rH CO -* ^ 10 L- L~ CI CO CD li in rH T-t I-l rH I-l rH CI CI CO in T-t I-H •* y * ^ CO cc Sti CO X T-l I-l CO CO X X CO >* X ^ \ CI X t- •H OiM (M CM 01 iH I-l tH ^ -^ tH iH CO ^ CO t3 'O »o 10 >o ".0 'O g >n ^ j-i Ol-rt s r-l r-4 CI -r -^ CD L- L- ^"§§ Arl. 1 10 1 lO 10 >o c^ ^ in i CM ei CO ■^ Tjt L- a ■^ 402 England's Ecccnt Progress. CLACTON AND HARAVICH Population (Males). i ^'opulation (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 18«1. 1891. ; 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Tendring . 17,185 Retransfers \i (add) . .1 18,564 18.500 22,499 64 \ 66 16,290 18,839 18,771 68 22,526 70 ' 18,564 22,565 I 18,839 22,596 The district includes : — 1901 Population. Boroughs, 1 rban Districts, &c. 1 Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. - - Clacton (residential) .... 3,277 1 4,179 3,584 7,456 Harwich (military, seamen) . 5,377 4,693 8,202 10,070 *Walton-on-the-Naze .... 978 1,036 1,586 2,014 *Brightlingsea ..... 2,1.36 2,365 3,920 4,501 Rural parts ...... 10,731 10,253 19,979 20,984 22,499 22,526 37,271 45,025 Urban districts with less than 5000 inhabitants. Harwich includes the residential district of Dovercourt. The numbers of military officers and men in baiTacks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels were : — [n 1881 347 military . . 603 on board vessels „ 1891 217 .. 303 „ 1901 715 .. 620 Appendix C. 463 o 00 o C5 -H o >o o T— I CO I"* tH O O tH r-l Se,.2S CD CO CO ■* S 58 S to "S CO C o m- >-l 5? Ph » to tH 1-1 -l 00 -H O O l.~ 00 StII CO a: rH CO a ^S CO L- Hi -H mc5 C5 -H IC rt< t- O) lO 1 CM 10 L-- 00 C3 rH (M CO CO a tr- Is rH rH tH rH rH rH rH C^ oS CM Ol CM CO '^ ■^ lO tr- CO 00 10 CO CM 00 lO t- 00 ^ CM tr- ■* tr- 1-1 CO CD tH lO CM CO iH rH C5 l;- CO CO '^ CM 00 tr- 10 00 fi 0..= CO »0 CM CM CM cq CM CM 7-t rH T-l rH rH 00 0<» . CO CT) ^ rH 10 CM CO GO io CO ^^ rH ■-H rt< CM CM L- ^ ^ rH s rH r-\ rH 11 tH rH ffi (35 CO t- CO rH .3 00 rH 55 s 1 tH (M tr- (M 10 CO t- tr- 10 10 00 CI tr- 10 io t:- 00 CM CO -* CO -* T-^ rH y-l rH 00 S c> t-( (M Si^'r^ ■^ t~ CO c» oq ^ rH rH CM tr- b~ ■* CO CM ^ 00 •M CO c 'J* a io CO CX) CO CM 00 CO T-l oq t^ 1.0 CO CO CM T-l CO rH rH 1-1 rH rH S eS rH r~\ CO ^^ CO coo 57 c» t- 10 t- a 00 -* tr- ■<* ■^ i-H t- ■* CO no 00 00 03 CO CO 00 01 l-\ ■* co l:- C30 rH 1-1 ^ QS CM 0) i ■* CM C3S ■>*< 0:1 CM CM CM rH m tr- CO -H -* 10 tH -* ■* CM 00 CM 01 -* CM ^ ^ r-l — — - X C5 00 ■^ ■* t- CM rH CO CO 10 rtl CO CO t- li ~ *.. rH T*i rH 7-\ r-t T-i rH rH T-i ^Ph rH i-( tr- 10 rH CO ■* CO »o CM cn cn t- 05 io CO C5 CO CO CO L- 10 iO CT5 00 C5 °o C t~ ■* rH T-l H «^ CM P t- . h-t 2S rH CO CM t- CO "O CO CM -rH on CM CO 5? fM i-O iO t- 00 co (Ji a 02 c-> CM rj< rH rH -* rj< 11 rH CM «i_-_: CM ■* rH t- 1^ CO 00 l-{ CM 00 •rH CO CO c- t^ CM ^-i lO t- t- t- C5 -tl 10 CT> 10 CO CTJ rH rH tr- >o 10 CO CM CO L- -V -tl CO CM 10 rH 5 g..S«) io r-l r-i T-{ 1-1 j-t 00 Ph rH ^ ^ a M te'c-2 n3 "TS >o ■o 10 10 >o s 1 ■o ■ra '-^=v tH rH 1 1 1 CM 1 1 T 10 1 10 : CO 1 1 ".^X, ■0 ■0 lO ds 'O 'O i.O c-> I'' a, 1 « r-t -M -M 0? OJ -f 't< 10 -0 L- 2 H 436 England' a Bcccnt Pror/trsfi. WESTON-SUPER-MARE. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Axbridge Retransfers ) (deduct) . / 18,443 19,158 19,419 261 21,083 237 21,992 24,031 24,285 254 24,031 26,839 274 19,158 20,846 26,565 The district includes Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. JIales. ! Fema'es. ISOl. 1901. Weston-super-Mare (residential) . 7,464 11,584 15,860 19,048 *Burnhani ...... 1,181 1,716 2,413 2,897 *Highbridge 1,090 1,143 2,034 2,233 Rural parts ...... 11,348 12,396 23,397 23,744 21,083 1 26,839 43,704 47,922 Urban districts with less than fiOOO inhabitants. Appendix C, 467 rt L- cq oq C3 t~ ,_, Ci CI s CM "O 01 00 t- 00 t- r-l 7-1 KM 5£ ■5 "-* r-l CN rH S ^ ■^ CO «s 3 00 1? 10 >o 00 -* •^ rH rH iO CM t- cq t- 10 l~ CO 05 rH •* cn •«** 05 »o t~ ri Pi t^ rH rH rH rH rH T-l rH (M fN cq CO 02 rH CO ^^ . . 10 CI '^l •^ CO rH 10 to CO t~ CO ^ CO CO T-H iH CD CM 00 00 CO C] ■* CO t- rH CO CO £o,.2§ CO ■^ >o T** rH 00 CO »* cq r-l 03 00 03 03 ^(S-- ■<*( o cq C75 h) q^ L- c? - . to "* t- rH ^ aa t- CO CO CO 03 CO lO CD 03 a 03 CI "* 00 CO t~ 00 Ce rH r-l rH rH CJ cq 03 -* OS CO ■32 oS t-O CO VO CM t~ rH t- d t- ■* CD t~ 00 03 in cq t- CO CO 8 -* 03 cq CD tH cm ^ •* 00 CO CI rH L- CD CO CO cq iS o..2«) 1^ 0*ii-< >0 (M C-1 (M r-^ T-{ tH rH *"* r-l cq ^^1 10 >o LO 10 >o "0 >o cd ca lO ^ |1i r-l i-H 1 1 00 1 6 CO 1 CO 1 1 10 1 10 1 10 CO 1 10 CO 1 1 10 1 rH rA o\ CI CO CO -* Ttf 10 "O CO CO t~ t- & Q c '3 >c CO ■^ C3 L^ CO 00 03 00 (M 01 rH CO CD rH 'tH CO £g ^^ t~ CO 03 CO M 10 >o CO CO ^ CO CI |S CO CO rH t- 03 CO 03 CO rH r-l t~ C3i eo rH CO CO r-l t- OJ 05 ce "-I rH rH T-l rH CI cq •«n Sg r-l eo •?i _- • ■* CO ^ i-\ CO rH rH 00 CO 00 Tj( t- 00 lO ■* -* 'M I- 00 t- 10 CD CI CO CO CO ? 5 ^ 10 -* CO CI 03 lO CO C^l r-i a> 00 t~ CO •* a £=? ?? L- Oi r-i CI CO 10 m CO t- r-t rH r-< r-l rH r-l cq 00 •^ |g rH CO 2! "-I 8 7-\ rH CI >o -H CI cq ■^ 03 CI slli cq CM Ol ■* 1-1 0^ C3 05 00 L- CI d> PM 10 01 o »o >o 10 8 lO 1- i rH rH I lO CO ■^ 10 1 CO .A "" ^ CI CI CO CO -1< -rt< 10 CO CO L- -^ iJ H 2 468 England's Recent Progress. EEIGATE. Population (Males). Population (Females). ^1^^° ; census, 1891. Census , 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1S81. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Reigate . . 14,621 17,211 Retransfers \ (deduct) ./ 17.277 33 19,843 25 15,738 19,336 19,367 31 22,897 20 17,244 19,818 19,336 22,877 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Reigate (residential) .... Rural parts ...... 11,788 8,055 14,205 8,692 22.646 13,998 25.993 16,747 19,843 22,897 36,644 42,740 Reigate includes Red Hill. A " farm school " reformatory for hovs contained: — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 234 bovs. 298 „ 286 „ Appendix C. 469 lo to rr. CO CS CO o in <7i !M o cc CO ^ « c VO o -TH lO 1-1 CO iH CM (M ■^ CM t- «§ •5 t- 1-1 tH CN tH iH • O 1-4 m CO 00 , , O -* CM • • '-' oTo r. ^ C5 ^ CO CO o CO lO 1-1 (M H< CM "5 CO =2 OS CO CO t- L- t- CO I- 00 o CM in o '^ in to tH ^H iH iH CO ■w -2„-^ I-H 00 CO Cl CO CO m o 00 iH •^ CO t^- in -* >n iH lO 00 in CO ^ 1 in III! P-( to Oi a C-1 1—1 1-1 ?H CJJ 05 00 iH c CO cc CO 00 -1*1 >o Oi in t^ a s ■^9 "* CD fO CD «> o CD CO CJO C5 C5 tH CO iH SI (M t- C5 l-( o 00 CD »n >o t:~ (M >o -* m o 00 in lO UO Ol LO t~ 00 C5 1-1 o CO CO o (M in o a 3 ~5 -*i o 00 t:~ •* CO CM 1—) o O! L- o in -f( t- s ft.2» .^ -^ o CO CO lO o CO «3 >o 05 S 00 >o t- 00 SJ « C5 1-1 'O Ol C5 Oi •n IM o 05 tH in ^ in 5a.£§8 'O CO CO I- CO c^ a 00 t- CD 'O »4 -J< — ( 1-1 ^~' *"* >-( s . . , , . . . . . . . . . CO ^■3.2 'O'B ■ ml o 'o o 10 2 iC o lO !S >o o "O o a c8 1-1 1-1 CO T T o 'O 03 'fi AA 'O A .A ^ ■A o ■o o s o in Ch o I-( iH CI tM CO CO -»< ■^ ■o lO CO i- L- 3 470 England's Recent Progress. STAINES Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration ! />„„„„- District. ^«"^"« , 1891. Census , 1901. Census , 1891. Census 1 , 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Staines 12,094 i 13,606 i 13,606 16,884 11,680 • 13.286 13,286 16,977 The district includes : — * Urban district with less than 5000 inhabitants, t Rural parishes with increasing populations. Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. 1 Temales. 1891. 1901. Staines (floor cloth) 3,390 3,298 5,585 6,688 *Sunbury-on-Thames 2,185 2,359 4.099 4,544 tAshford ..... 2,228 2,588 2,700 4,816 fFeltham 2,410 2,124 3,661 4,534 Rural parts .... 6,671 6,608 10,897 13,279 16,884 16,977 26,892 33,861 The West London Workhouse Schools and an Industrial School for boys belonging to the London County Council contained : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 1,136 boys . .. 297 girls 1,155 „ • 294 „ 800 „ . 326 „ These numbers are large enough to influence migrations very much. Appendix C. 471 CO CI rH -* C5 (M >n (M IM rH • '3 CO ■* t- C-l 0^1 0-1 rH lO CO -+i °§ CM T-i rH 1-t O iH rH "5 g o To CO cq 10 10 O CO 00 rH ^ t-i r-l T-< ss. 00 -f _, CO CO CD t- •rit ^ t- CD -tl a 00 £? ■^ ■* ■* '^l CO ■* CD L- 00 co to !M cfl *~* t~ rH •* 0^ Ss q2 oq ^— -—^ male pula- ion, 891. CO 05 rH 05 CD C75 ■* rH CO CD tH t- 00 CD CD t- Tl< t- 00 05 CO CO OJ rH (M CO co CM OS •0 r-l lO CD_ CD tH 1-t o_ 00 00 t- CO Ttt CO CO ■*- -*' T-T iH j-{ rH r-t rH rH C (M t~ CD 8 lO •* oq cq 05 10 01 CO CD CD •^ CO CO CD o a 'S CO oq (M y-^ r-{ r-{ CO ^ o o i^S T— 1 7-^ 3 c3 en bri o '^ CO CO CO t- 1^ O^rH T** i-H iH cm" rH t~ P4 rH ^ CO ^■ol »o Q 10 lO lO >o t3 tS a !3 1) iH tH Ol (M CO CO ■* -* >o CD CO t- t~ c3 S ii 1 i 1 10 6 1 1 1 >o i 10 6 1 10 1 a. 1-1 rH (N *< 10 t- (M C5 ■* 01 -* 8 (M CO CM -COS CO 10 -* ■«tl -o CD t- 00 rH rH e! ■-* rH i-t ■* 00 ng T-l O i CD ■* d •>* 00 CD lO CD t- 00 (M t~ rH CD f-X :3 « . CO ^ tr- rH 8^ 01 o\ t- CI CD t- (M c io TjH 05 00 t- t- CD "O •«n co CO CD (M « o Si-i CO iH i-H i-H iH Ui P^PM rH d o •* •* CO "^ "O S p-MrH CO rH rH of rH o" Ph rH ~y-^~i^ S • • • • ^•3 * 0-5 >o >o «o s 1 10 >o iu-3 3 rH r-t CI ■A 01 1 CO 1 "O CO I 'O CD t- 1 6 rH rH ^M 71 <^ ■* -tl "? 'O ^ It (- 5 .^ "* 472 England's liecenf Prog?-ess. POOLE Population (ilales). Population (Females). Registration Disti'ict. •Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Poole . . 9,027 12,. 353 ! 1 12,358 15,088 9,687 13,478 13,478 17,249 The district includes i;oi uugiis, r ban Districts, &c. 1901. ' Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Poole [resideu ial) . 8,928 10 585 15,438 19 4G3 Branksome 8,811 4 284 5,745 8 095 Rural parts • 2,349 1 2 430 4,648 4 779 15,088 17 249 25,831 32 337 Branksome is a dependency of Bournemouth, where there are brick- makers and sailors. The same occupations are noticeable in Poole. Appendix C. 473 Ttl ^ ^ o rH CO •^ CO o IC o CO o o CO ^ tN CI a GO CO CM CO t~ •* o CO CD t- CM t- ®i 'S CO CM rH 1-1 rH CO_^ o o rH 3 a « 2 ■3> bD «§ 3 too o t- o lO O ■*! 00 (M lO Q o IC5 CO GO CO 5? o TtH o lO CO o o t~ t- CTD 00 o CO CO CM t- rH rt< rH q2 CM 2s =S ^ o CM ■* >o 00 t- CI o co CO •* o 05 '^ Oi 0^ Ti( CM T-l o CM o ■^ CM CM C5 CO ■* lO lO =5 o o lO •*! CM o^ Oi 00 t- CO lO •"*< CO CO o 00__ P4 ■*~rH~ rH iH iH th" CO rH -• , , . a» tS rrH ca o~ O "O o W O lO o o o w o lO o lO fl i^ Age end CM (M CO CO ■* ■•* lO lO CO CO t- t~ c3 * 33 1 1 o ( CD o 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o S| t-l r-l (H CM CO CO ■^ -* o in CO o t- « .5 O to 00 CI o Oi "^ Jj »o T-i CO CO 55 ^ o2 7-{ male pula- ion, 881. -* «5 o "C ■* CO CO CM lO rH CO i-T T-H T-l CO~ ip; rH . _ t- 00 lO tJ5 lO 00 t- 00 rH CO CO ■* rH rH CO o| a o G> ■>* rH CO -* CM o lO CO •* ■* U3 t- 'eS lO rH iH 1-1 tH lO O ^ || "1 ' *^ 1^ 03 d o l.O '7-1 o t~ CO CM o CM C5 CO CO CO t~ CO ^ s CI CO -# ■O -*l -ft >o lO CO CO I- o O CM lO ce '-' o r-l CO t- «2 ^'' ^■^.'v-i.z a.i,-^ CO i-H o o CO y-t Ci iC 00 CM CO >o 95 CO t- CO O "O o CJ CO l~ rH lO o lO rH CO 3 1.218 ~ l- CO 'O >o ^ ^ CO CO CM ->*< >o CO T— 1 CM fM " d < ^— N '- 1-^ o lO o m o lO o 'O o >o o lO 1 1 c o 01 CM ci CO 1 CO 1 o -r 1 CD 1 1 o CO o 1 o ^7 o is C3 C-l CM ■CO CO Tjt •^ ira >o CO CO t- ^ o 474 England's Recent Progress. IIERNE BAY. Population (Males) Population (Females). Registration District. Censu i, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. j 1891. 1891. 1901. Blean .... Retransfers (add) . 9,113 9,655 9,604 ; 11,340 51 145 9,754 10,511 10,440 71 13,208 177 9,655 11,485 10,511 13,385 The district includes 1901. Population. Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. SI ales. Females. 1891. 1901. Heme Bay (residential) .... 2,922 3,804 3,995 6,726 Whitstable (seamen, fishing) . 3,238 3,848 5,669 7,086 Canterbury (part of) ... . 1,642 2,040 3,500 3,682 Rural parts ...... 3,538 3,516 6,880 7,054 11,340 13,208 20,044 24,548 Appendix C. 475 1-1 Cl t~ 1^ t- ■* in 05 CI t~ CO t- 1-^ ^ -* t~ CO 00 ■^ 01 L- CO in CO ■n 11 'S rH rH rH rH t~ o rH Is q2 7-t . .Si . fi .- t Oi CO t- CO 00 CO 00 C3 00 00 CO in C3 ^ -n m ■^ ■* rH 00 21 CO r-{ rH 10 in CO a> bo m CO CO rH 3 iH •* (M 00*0 (M CQ CO in CD rH 00 CO t- (M 00 in (-, CO 5? -* CO CO CO CO ■^ ^ in in CO L~ CO t- t- iS ^ r-{ CO in T-( 10 10 tH ■^ ^ CI t~ CO (M CD CO 00 00 CO Mai Popu tion 189] 00 o CO in 11 2! rH n i . . (M 00 CO 00 CO 05 00 05 in 10 l~ CO •* in CO CO 05 03 CO ■>j< 00 t~ in ^. 3ll'S -M^ CI * •rjl CO CM Ol in r-l O C -^ Ol ^"^ rH rH (M Ph rH e . . 01 -°| "O in m W5 in "2 m «ag T-l r-l CI 01 CO CO -n m in CO I- t- 6 a s •< S o 00 in CD in in 10 i in i in &< Q ■-( Q} (M C9 m -* -n iQ « i- t- S 476 England's Bcccnt Progress. CROMER Population (Males). Population (Females). Eegistratiou District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Erpingham . 8,353 ' 9.229 9,229 10,813 8,652 9,543 9,543 11,450 The district includes : — 1901. Population. Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. Ci'omer (urban district) .... Rural parts ...... 1,729 9,084 2,052 9,398 2,329 16,443 3,781 18,482 10,813 11,450 18,772 22,203 This place is so small that the rural element goes far towards drowning any influence it may exert. But as the distinct shows a growth of popula- tion far beyond any ordinary rural district, and which is chiefly noticeable in Cromer and Sheringham, we are justified in separating it, and it cannot be ranked otherwise than amongst residential places. Appendix C. 477 «l qS Si . . = S§So r-l 5 §..2 '2 ■* to CM (M 1-1 CO iH .-( .H L~ O O lO CO t-1 05 -H o C5 00 01 i-l t-l cii 478 England's Recent Progress. MAIDENHEAD. Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. | Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1 1891. moi. JIaidenhead . 8,240 9,950 9,950 j 11,247 8,705 10,518 10,518 12,307 The district includes Urban Districts, &c. Population. Males. Females. 1891. Maidenhead (residential) Rural parts 6,180 5,067 6,800 5,507 10,607 9,861 12,980 10,574 11,247 12,307 20,468 | 28,554 A residential character seems to attach even to the rural parishes in this district, especially Cookham. Appendix C> 479 r> ::> •^ ^_l t-i- (H ^ la i-H • i-H r-l C3 CM T-l <>1 I -* iH et IC5 00 CO irt 00 0^ ma pul ion, 891. PS rH ■* »o t- lO CO ^ "O GO CO iH !>• (M r-l 1-1 Ci C5 00 t- CO >o >o 1* CO CM CO CO SS-- T-t iH 1-1 CO rH og .s -* 00 t- CO CO CO CM »o ^ CO >o CO CM r-l (M s 10 CI 10 ■<:)< 00 ^ iH o t- CO CO 10 CO CO CO -^Jl -rH 00 ■^ CO «:> -o iH 00 >o 1-1 en 00 Ol t- r-< 1-1 2l2§ 05 CM t- t- CO 1* CO CO (M 10 Oi r^ O-^rt (M r-l T-l 1-1 o 10 10 >n lO >o 6<^ CM 1 10 CI 1 CO 1 10 CO 1 >* i 1 ■0 10 1 CO 1 10 1 1 r-i '"' CO ■* ^ »o >o CO CO tr- 00 f^a s (M 1-1 o t- -^ i-l CO CO CO CO CO Tjl kH 10 t- 00 C73 o to CD L- uo "O ■-tl -n CO CO (M m CO s"^ tH tH 00 -^ CO CO t- iH -H t~ ■"H £? t- CO (M CO CO ^ "3 »ra >o iO CO t- en CO CM ■* CO ■^ o2 1-1 «>^„-^- 00 CO l 01 iH (M 00 l^l 10 8 CO (71 10 CO a CO 10 rH SI2S "•' '"I 0^ l- «o o J)t3 S iH tH Tl 01 CO CO -3i "^ 10 lO t^ I- c^.^ "O C^ 10 ^ 1 lO 7> 1 10 1 1 10 .A c^ S '"' 01 'M CO CO Ml Ttl >o CO L'" 480 England's Recent Prugress. BRENTAVOOD, Kegistration District. Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. | Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1 1891. ' 1891. 1901. \ 1881. ' 1891. 1891. 1 1901. Billericay . , 9,191 10,593 10,593 10,946 9,172 9,962 9,962 j 11,490 The district includes : — Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1S91. 1 1901. Brent^YOod (urban district) 2,361 2,571 4,949 4,932 South Weald (rural) . 2,577 3,356 5,013 5,933 Kural parts .... 6,008 5,563 10,593 11,571 10,946 11,490 20,555 22,436 South Weald is a picturesque rural parish, but it is the site of the county lunatic asylum. The number of special inmates (lunatics) in 1901 ^Yas 741 males, 1,190 females. Warley Barracks are situate in one of the rural parishes, and in 1901 contained 569 officers and men. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was : — In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 834 males 1,307 „ 724 females. 1,281 The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, &c., were :- In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 428 987 509 An important workhouse school contained : — In 1881 „ 1891 .. 1901 476 bovs 371 ,1 247 „ 292 girh 217 „ 178 „ Appendix C. 481 _: (M irt t- ■* t~ CO C5 CO -H CI CD ■* L~ •o Gl ■* O CO OO o CO lO t^ 0-1 O lO C2 ^ o lO t~ 00 CI -* CI CO 1— ( 00 t^ t- CO CO O ■"it( tH CO CO CO CO ■s,s--_ (M tH iH i-l Cl rH (?] 03 CO ■* CD 05 05 CI rH CO CO CM OS CO IC 03 Ol 00 CM 00 CI in Cl CD "* tM 1-1 rH I-H 1-H rH ■* §2 ^1^ 03 t~ CO ^ 3 o CO (M • * Ttl >o rH 2S ^ ^ o CO lO 05 o t~ i-H o rH ^ o CO 5? CO ■<* >n t- 01 iH lO CO t- t^ CO L- OS -# CO ■* rH tH tH rH rH rH rH rH in in «s *< co CO Cl o O (M iH rH T-l I-l CO rH .— *— . Tini « o~ O lO o in o lO O lO o o o o o in a t4 SB'S = 1 1 1 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 ■rtl 1 in 1 in 1 CD 1 o 1 1 1 cS g o o lO o ■o o lO o >n o in o in o in £. T-H i-H 1-1 CO CO o Ol ^ -^ CO CO t- CD t- O o CO L- o CO CO H O t- CO o CO in 1* Ttf CO CI Cl in CO S^*-- o CO t~ in CI o c- -M t~ Cl °| a! t- o (M CO CO o CO r-t CO CI co CO o O 1-H ;3 o« M ©q 1^ 3 1-1 OS is iH 00 ■* o.c& »— 1 (M CO >o 'O -*l -H CO CO CO CI in t- CI i-l tH iH iH rH rH ^ 1^— c: • • a « , ti ^ — 'Sna ., ., .^ o "O o lO o 'O o "O o 'O o 'O c •- 1 1 o o i 01 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o X ■n 1 in 2 CO 1 in o 1 in 1 o n r-l CI C-l CO CO •^ ■^ in in CD CO L- 4ft2 England's Recent Frog r ess. EASTHAMPSTEAD. Population (Males). Population (Females). Kejiisti-ation District. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. ' Census, 1901. 18S1. 1 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. ' 1891. 1891. j 1901. Easthampstead 6,769 6,846 6,846 8,182 5,890 6,858 6,858 7,575 The district includes no town, but Sandhurst MiUtary College and Broadmoor Asylum for criminal lunatics influence it materially. The net addition to population caused by the asylum was :— In 1881-90 „ 1891-00 254 males 144 „ 64 females. 49 The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, kc, were In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 . 36 . 64 . 483 Appendix C. 488 CM ^■ .^ n CO t~ CO CI 08 "2 S "-H CD t- 00 CO Ttl CO ■* t~ in 1^ CI p E.2 5 to t- t~ t- CO »n •* "* ->n CO CO CI CI CO in 5 oV>r-l |i4 3H T— 1 00 co CI 05 05 tH t~ in t~ .M CO t~ Tt( CI rH i-H CI CO o a « CM ^ in *s.2 o 3 -2 OJ fcD . 00 00 rH r-^ CI 1 CI T-H CO - . C£> ^ 00 d t- in ^ 00 CO t- CO 00 t- r-* 1? l^ rH r-l T-l C5 CI CO tH -* 10 m CO t^ in rH CI CI iCi o2 -H — ^— ^ »-^B-^- _) 00 ira CO L~ CI '^ L- CO t- CI in CD --H 30 L~ L~ CO ■^ CD CO CO L^ CO in III" OC L- t- L^ ■0 ■o UO '^ -* TK CO CO CI rH -* CO__ CO* c3"o-5 i-O i-O l-O in m in m i?' T— t »H CI CI CO CO •* ^ in CO CD t~ L- ^ 03 S.'s S 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 > 45 s "O in s in in "^ i T-( CI CI CO CO -n -* CO L^ >-§- d CI UO 10 CO t~ in o 5 '5 CI CI CI ^H rH rH Jj-2 o = g a> bD • CO T-{ t- in CO 1 T-l CI CI 2 o CI •* 1— in -* C5 ^ rH -* T- CD cq CI CO T-H CI CI CI CI CO CO CO CO tH m 00 rH CI r-\ CO C2 male pula- ioii, S81. in 10 ■* >o CI CO 03 CO CO cq 00 in in CO y> 00 CO CD CO •^ CO 01 CI ■* 1* CO in L~ t- t- CO -* ■* ■^ ^ eo CO CO CI rH rH CI CD_ a) O « rH rH t-^ I^PM o a B r-l CO r-i 00 CI 00 ■* ■3 •* CO CO 1—f iH rH rH ii.2 C 11 -1* to 05 CO ^ CI in iH «g en' Q Cl CI 3 .-1 CO •* t- is 00 CI Oi CO in C-1 L- CO C3 -H in CI 1 CI i-H CI CI CO CO •^ • CO CO t~ CI in ■•.J 1 CO CI o_ II »H '^.^ «-2«-_: in CO 3 Q CO t- CO 00 CI -# s Qi t- CO -<*l m CO OS CI s a> d — ( CJ 32.2? ■* ■* CO CO W CI 51 CI CO ■ ^ o -^ •" 1 °° CLi a .— A— ^ • -^■s S4s ^'5 5 lO 10 >n m vn in m n in CL| CI 10 CI CO 1 ■n 1 in 1 1 ■n 1 s I- 1 in 1- 1 a i-l •-C CI Tl CO CO -H -t* iQ ■n CO 1- "-- a 484 Enr/Iand's Bccent Progress, GLOUCESTER and SOMERSET (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. 1881. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1891. 1901. 1881. WiUiton . . 9,197 8,355 8,300 8,205 9,480 8,914 8,855 8,768 Dulverton . 2,814 2,550 2,515 2,347 2,661 2,438 2,407 2,262 Wellington . 9,271 8,833 8,833 8,654 9.873 9,577 9,577 9,660 Taunton . 16,948 16,978 16,978 17,701 19,159 19,801 19,801 20,952 Bridgwater . 16.538 16.167 15,906 16,258 17,129 17,106 16,852 17,397 Langport 7,518 6,880 6,880 6,389 7,952 7,598 7,598 7,070 Chard . . 12,116 11,628 11,583 11,214 13,266 13,167 13,242 13,036 Yeovil 12,840 12,852 13,108 12,620 14,866 15,050 15,323 14,761 Wincanton . 9,461 9,088 8,643 7,792 10,309 10,081 9.608 8,607 Frome 11,066 10,850 10,850 10,414 12,095 12,000 12,000 11,758 Shepton ] ]\Iallet . . (■ 7,587 7,407 7,407 7,321 8,116 8,152 8,152 7,755 Wells . . . 10,809 11,416 11,416 11,204 ia,652 12,440 12,440 12,446 Glutton . 12.353 12,670 12,670 13,154 11,768 12,234 12,234 12,609 Chipping \ Sodbury . j 8,818 8,262 8,262 8,905* 8,712 8,533 8,533 8,716 Thorubury . 8,466 8,278 8,278 8,163 8.627 8,487 8,487 8,402 Dursley . 5,914 5,656 5,656 5,399 6:648 6.510 6,510 6,237 Westbury-on-) Severn . . ( 12,138 12,070 12,070 11,536 11,587 11,601 11,601 11,828 Neweut . 5,496 4,911 4,267 4,043 5,534 5,094 4,473 4,206 Wheatenhurst 3,544 3,282 3,282 2.858 3,793 3,571 3,571 8,247 Stroud 19,029 19,188 18,741 17,941 22,290 23,027 22,580 22,033 Tetbury . . 2,893 2,690 3,137 2,959 2,994 2,975 8,422 8,186 Cirencester . 10,525 9,946 9,946 9,585 10.600 10,452 10,452 10,085 Northleacb . 5,131 4,521 4,521 4,218 4,753 4,364 4,864 8,887 Stow- on - the- \ Wold . ./ 4,572 4,461 4,461 3,977 4,557 4,543 4,543 4,174 Winchcomb . 4,868 4.621 4.621 4,283 4,665 4,611 4,611 4,542 Tewkesbury . 6,302 6,229 6,229 6,093 6,590 6,667 6,667 6,616 236,214 229,789 228,560 223,228 249,676 248,993 247,903 243,690 Eetransfers \ (add) . ./ 1,229 1,069 1,090 982 229,789 224,297 248,993 244,072 A considerable nuniljer of men were constructing a railway tunnel. Appendix C. 485 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Stroud (tailors) . Cirencester Tewkesbury Taunton Bridgwater (bricks) Frome (printing) Yeovil (gloves) . Wellington (woollen) Sbepton INIailet (stone Midsomer Norton (col *Radstock . Rural parts quarries) iery, boot; Population. 3,971 3,581 2,561 'J, 335 7,237 5,059 4,452 3,316 2,527 2,972 1,782 176,435 Males. Females. 223,228 5,182 3,955 2,858 11,752 7,972 5,998 5,409 3,967 2,711 2,837 1,573 189,476 243,690 9,818 7,521 5,269 18,961 13,264 10,424 9,648 6,808 5,292 5,041 3,438 380,979 1901. 9,153 7,536 5,419 21,087 15,209 11,057 9,861 7,283 5,238 5,809 3,355 365,911 476,463 ! 466,918 An urban district, where there are collieries, adjacent to ilidsonier Norton. 486 JuKjhind's Jleccnt Progi'es.^. -■ 1 1— ^ ^ .= 1 CO •5 oi •^ ^ c 1 1 1 s g ' . 1-1 tH CO o o lO 00 ■r*1 t- CO C5 00 m ll CO o rH CO g CO o o CO 'iX t- ■"if . 05 t~ o t- lO^ o^ rH crs 00 m •^ CO co" t- -* CD o rH CM -* CD o o ■^ ■"I* '*< rH Sg..2| lO^iO t- 00 tr- lO CO CO CO CO CD -^ CO ■* C35 CO__ ^ o*^4i co'qo 00~ t- ee CO lo' CO CM ^—^ o" o 00 t- in co" h O l T-^ rH rH CI cq CO cq~ a = S oo 1-1 CI 00 o ■M CM o CO J-, CO 00 t- t- ■* CC in o 00 00 iH L^ CO o - rH 1-1 1 1 o o i6 o CO 1 U5 CO 6 [ 6 o m 1 o in CD CO I- i6 1 o 03 ci I?! ^ I-t rH 01 CM CO CO -"Jf ■* m in CD CO t- i-J Appendix C. 487 HANTS AND BERKS (Residue). Population (ilales). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. Censu i, 1901. Census, 1S91. Census , 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Lymington . 6,042 6,720 6,507 6,820 6,609 7,156 6,966 7,281 Ringwood 2,710 2,741 2,790 3,043 2,778 2,804 2.846 3,177 Fordingbridge 3,155 3,080 8,080 3,030 3,079 3,161 3,161 3,107 New Forest . 6,609 6,933 6,933 7,110 6,612 7,059 7,059 7,490 Romsey . 5,298 5,420 5,471 5,182 5,331 5,361 5,450 5,441 IStockbridge . 3,448 8,302 3,302 3,027 3,263 3,299 3,299 3,103 Winchester . 15.503 16,736 16,806 16,902 15,679 16,902 16,911 18,294 Droxford . 5,566 5,643 5,643 5,828 5,631 5,749 6,749 5,950 Catherington 1,387 1,426 1,426 1,431 1,360 1,564 1,564 1,637 Petersfield . 5,097 5,531 5,528 6,306 5,158 5,750 5,742 6,255 Alresford . 3,446 3,365 3,365 3,424 3,489 3,263 3,263 3,559 Alton . 7,548 7,525 7,525 8,088 7,650 7,621 7,621 8,257 Basingstoke . 9,680 10,164 10,164 10,676 9,594 10,457 10,457 11,035 Whitchurch . 2,761 2,786 2,786 2,831 2,697 2,869 2,869 2,992 Andover . 7,843 7,760 7,760 7,911 7,857 7,801 7,801 7,889 Kingsclere 4,287 4,319 4,421 4,266 4,237 4,328 4,447 4,234 Newbury . 10,208 10,277 10,175 9,871 11,119 11,400 11,281 11,186 Hungerford . 8,988 8,556 8,556 7,776 8,814 8,461 8.461 7,786 Faringdon 6,790 6,768 6,768 6,083 6,908 6,776 6,776 6,229 Abingdon. 9,915 9,641 9,158 8,301 10,147 9,971 9,448 9,024 Wantage . 8,924 8,468 8,468 7,676 8,244 8,081 8,081 7,932 Wallingford . 7,249 7,360 7,360 6,668 7,244 7,346 7,346 7,118 Bradfield . . 8,238 9,181 9,181 8,951 8,133 8,836 8,886 9,166 Wokingham . 7,888 8,503 8,749 8,631 8,108 8,844 9,144 9,300 Eetransfers\ (add). ./ 158,580 162,205 161,922 283 159,332 371 159,741 164,859 164,578 281 167,398 402 162,205 159,703 164,859 167,800 The district includes :- liorou^'lis, L'rbaii Liislricts, &c. 1901. Population. j ■ Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Winchester ...... 9,842 11,087 20,563 20,929 Oxford (part of) ..... 1 28 26 78 54 Newbury ...... 5,053 6,008 11,002 11,061 Abingdon ...... 3,044 3,436 6,557 6,480 Basingstoke (engineering, railway service) 4,675 1 5,118 8,213 9,793 Andover (agriculture) .... 3,172 1 3,337 5,852 6,509 Alton (agriculture) ..... 2,715 1 ^,"704 4,671 5,479 Eastloigh (part of) . 744 794 815 1,538 Rural parts ...... 130,059 134,828 208,749 204,887 159,. 882 167,398 320,500 326,730 488 EiK/hduVs Txcccut Progrefis. The numl)ers of military and naval ollicers and men in barracks, &c., were : — In 1881 1,183 „ 1891 1.131 „ 1901 667 Winchester, Newbury and Abingdon are ordinai'y towns without any striking industrial feature. Appendix C. 489 ' 1 CI 1 .^ 1 o a! r-t °i O 1 1 sts CM CO o ^ o CO C5 CO o CI in CO o I S ?, K =5 t- lO o t- lO '^ lO rH o CI CI ss •^s o co o^ ^ CI rH 1-1 CO CI CO CO CI CI 1-i 2g 1 iH CO CO CI t~ 00 o o CI f~, ^ o CO t- 1 in tS? 1 cc '^l CO CO o L- CO ^ o in 00 -* o ^ Tjl lO lO lO o CO t- a in Ci CD t- as o rH '"' i-f t- CO CI male pula- ion, 891. lO o o CO o o lO rH rH lO -* CI o •* O •* CO o CO »o -* o lO -* ■<* CI T*f o CO 03 t- o o o CI CO o CO o c; o^ rH ':t< in o_ f^P^ o cT cT CO -* CI rH o* o 00 Oj L^ co' in Cl s '^f rH rH rH rH rH ""• 7-t '"' o Cl s CD ?I - O cq a-g o t- t^ >o 7-i o CO Ci CI rH o "* t- in CO CO o -* 00 d o -* o t- Ci CO ^ CI ■* Pig 3 ^ d rH C3 CO -* CI rH rH CI CO t- O -H Oi rH uTo o CO o o rH ^ rH ^ CD rH in o rH CO CO ,C ^ o CI rr. o lO o L^ t- O O •^ CO t- z** i-H 'il -# lO lO o o t- C5 O Cl ^ g2 t- '"' '"' rH rH t- d .-i_— O .-H GO ,^ o CO CO ■^ o CO rH o in CC Cl rH O) as CO O rH CO t~ o CO o ^•^ CO O CO o lO r^ o o L- CI in in rH r^ :5 oS5 Ol rs o 05 t- CI ,—1 o CC' CO' t- CO in in rH •^ -# rH rH rH r-t J-i '"' ^ ^«i • O "O o >o o O o o o m o in o in ail rH rH CI i CI 1 CO i CO 1 1 1 1 in o 1 o 1 ^T 1 <; s ■: O O o o o o lO o lO o in o in o in Q. Q i-H rH CI CI CO -* ^ in m CO CO tr- t~ ^ . ee ^1 '5 o 00 rH S2 o o 7-{ CO rH CI rH rH o t- t~ CO CD tH w o o 00 rH rH t- tH O 00 ,-< in CO d CD «q S r-t o o 'if CO CI in CO CO CO CO CO d -3 M o CO CO CO t- t- CO o tH in §00 OS t- ■"I tH rH CO d 2"^ -r< t- t- CO lO rr t- >o t- rH o ^ Cl t- in t~ 00 00 01 o CO T-i 00 co -* o rJH o 05 •^ d CM O t- o t- 00 ■* r-< CI t- o -*< ,v o w '-I O rH C5 t- eo rH o o C5 CO t- L~ CO m o CO -^A4 rjf (M iH rH rH rH rH rH rH d a t- CO , , e3 O « rH 05 5.^ ■>* S 5* CI CI CI •>*l 00 >o o "i^ o CI CO CO ;St! W -* -# 00 >o a> o CI CO CO t- ■^ o S Ms lO CI rH OV CO CI CI rH rH CI CO <, i-H CI CO •*! rH 1-1 kO CO a 00 >o t- »o CO m rH CO ^ o ■* 00 in 57 CO rr t~ CO Cl t- CJ Q CI CO in 05 rH rH 2S «2 CI -* Tit o CO co t- CO o o CI o rH c» tH rH rH CI t- ^ CO CI o C5 iO CO in t- -r^ in •^ co -* D - £^ CO CO ^ CI o CI o I— Tt( rH ■* C5 CO Cl 9 >0 Ci CO en CO Co' C5_ rH L- CO CO no" l- CI in CO CO in o d" h ■*oq tH rH rH r^ d _• . " s ■-*- 5 • • • • • o >o o >o O lO o >o o in o in o in c i- i^fll T-H rH 1 ' O O CI CI 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o lO 1 in o 1 1 o T in 6 c-i CO •^ lO « 400 EnglancVs Beceni P/w/;r .o CO o Tt< CM CS O CM CO 1 CM CO 5=P OS (^ o CO ^ «i l:~ CO -* O ^ CM l- tr OS lO o lO lO "5 lO CO L- c:s tH lO «2 »o rH rH " t- -* lO t~ CO o CO CO o CD iC 00 ■^ t- in o •2 2 _- • lO t~ lO CTi C35 CM CO 00 lO »o t~ (M CM | = 5S Soo P B..5 00 - - » C -^ -" C2 00 02 00 CO__ iH CO_ rH o" c:s O OO" CM cd" in CM rH rH O CM i^hM CO t-H r-l iH iH ^ 1-1 iH . 1 CO o CO C5 CO t~ t- CO o OS CM rH in CJS o ro lO en (M lO 00 CO CS t- crs C^ -* -* ^ o o lO o t- OS r-t o2 t~ 7-{ rH cq t- in CM ■ CO CO o o crs CM lO lO CO in t~ O 00 »^ - ■ lO oc o CM Tt( C3 00 CO GS lO iO 00 t- a -* CO 1-1 t~ O CS CM -•*l O CO C3 cr> CO 1-1 o GO CO t~ t~ CO UO in Ph ^ 1-1 iH rH 1-1 iH rH s • O lO O >o o lO o lO o 1.0 o o o in a c3 Wjs S tH r-i CI (M CO CO ■* ^ lO lO o CD t- t~ C8 g: P O O >o o lO o >o o lO o lO o in CO in £< tH iH CM (M CO '^ ■>* lO lO o o t- 1 = o •^ Bl •- CM 1 . 1 Ol o 00 cn (M CO lO c:s CO CS C7S CM 1 rH ^ (M CO L~ CO o -* o o CO rH O CO TH to O CM CO 1-( CO o '^ CM rH O Cs" rH > . 1 o lO (M CO CM o CM 00 cn> -* CO tH o ■* •=? CO r^ o CO CD CD t- iH CO OS tH CO O ?D CD CO CO CD t- c~ 00 tH -* 00 CO CO II t- rH ^ rH t^ in CM -* O -* CO o 00 CO CO CM -^ •^ o o" 00 CO tH o O a 00 CX) CD CD m Zl 5? '*o rH -* CM CO 00 in II CO K> >o >o lO lO CO t- 00 o CM CD o CM 00 rH rH iH (M t- S ■r)< Ci O to CO iH o <3S Irt -* CM »o as in CO !£? (U =* _-^ (M rH t- OS CO tH tH CO a ctj rH iH CM CM ■a CO f "O "r* ^ CO L- L~ 03 is AA 1 c^, c^. A 1 X "O s ■n o in o. O 1-1 iH C?) 1 CM i-H '^ CM ■<*< t- CO C^ CO LO CD »c ^ 05 CO GO L- CO rH o c^ CO t:- t:- CO IC ■* o o CO T-H '"' tH rH i-H rH 00 _c o o_. as '3 ^ 2.2 o o CO 00 o CI O ^ -:t< tr- 9E S Tt< 01 29 CO o lO CO o t- LO CO CM CM io "ci T 5 ^ o o rH t- o a OJ c:i 00 rH L~ CD -^ O -* O v5 ^.Soo « o*-^ o 00 00 t~ lO o o CO t~ tr- CO lO >o rtt crT lo" P-i ■<* .-H 1-H T-H '"' '"' CO cs'c'.S o lO O lO o lO o o o io o lO o lO -X! 1 1 o o CM 1 o CM CO 1 CO 1 o 1 1C3 1 o lO 1 iO 1 o CO 1 LO CO 1 o LO tri i O .-H r<\ CM CO 00 -* ■* lO lO CO o t- t- 5^ o z LO «t-t ^ *5 lO o| a CM ^-'-G o CO V- CM CO CM o CO CO 'M o a o 00 ^ b. CO Ci lO o CM -* (M CM C7: CM s s o iO 00 -n CO (M CO CO CO CO rH CM ■r-\ CJJ k5 rjT -* i-H CO rH lO o o t- CC o ^ cri lO I* CO o '^l CO -* CO ^ CTi CO lO rH CO CO -* s 3 o'w ,5 (M O CO CO CM o o CO 00 L- t- o LO ■* o t— ■* r-l rH rH rH r-t 00 tH g lO t- 00 •u 2 1 'c3 C7) iH • rH • o§ O rH « 2 .-I "O O O o 1-H >o (M (M a o CD » iO S o CO T-H L~ rH lO CO GO o CM ph'.=; o o^ C» O^ (M o I-H CO (M T-^ lO ^ ^ rH CI CO •* lo" tH CO t- C75 CD lO CO CO o rH CD -* CO (M CM 5? O CO lO O CO CD ^ l:- Ir- o CD 05 CO CO M* M f-H t- ■* ■<^ lO lO U3 CD CD t- 05 o CO °°r CO 00 q2 co T-T rH 7-t CD" s" *^ 5 o •'^ GO O Mf C5 CO T-{ -n o iH CD CO a lO 00 O CD O rH CO o CO o iH CO o O to CO O CO "O CO lO i-H CO o CO rH lO CO lO o CO o I** L- o_ CM ^. C *-* r-* -n o CO t- ■^ o 00 tr- L-- CD CD lO lO ■^ erf CO 3h -* rH iH iH ?H T~\ 00 rH 3 '— *^ -ij •*- s 173 C3 0-- r^ £. O -^ ^ o «o O lO o lO o io o lO o lO o lO ^'5B 1 1 CM 1 (M 1 CO 1 CO 1 t t UO 1 1 o 1 ^ 1 ^7 1* oo lO o lO o o O in o lO o LO o n iH o "O o o t- 494 EnglancVs Bcccnt Progress. KENT AXD SURREY (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Kecistration Census, 1891. Censuf ,, 1901. Census . 1891. Census ,1901. 1881. 1S91. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901 Hambledon . 8,502 9,373 9,845 10,771 7,742 9,131 9,420 10,889 Dorking . . 7,556 8,246 8,249 8,254 7,904 8,977 8,980 9,195 Gravesend . 11,411 11,741 11,741 13,303 11,891 12,135 12,135 13,893 Hoo . . . 1,903 2,154 2,154 2,376 1,523 1,689 1,689 1,886 jNIalling . . 13,289 14,274 14,274 14,204 12,724 13,914 13,914 14,076 Sevenoaks . 13,476 14,399 14,280 14,704 13,714 15,598 15,494 16,086 Hollingbourn 7,172 6,684 6,684 6,151 6,872 6,6.34 6,634 6,395 Cranbrook . 6,874 6,776 6,776 6,303 6,887 6,954 6,954 6,641 Tenterden . 5,115 5,010 5,010 4,302 5,346 4,956 4,956 4,464 West Ashford 9,019 9,427 9,427 10,266 9,107 9,505 9,505 10,293 East Ashford 7,028 7,052 7,052 6,566 6,689 6,889 6,889 6,546 Bridge . . 6,111 6,351 6,316 6,152 6,274 6,512 6,481 6,232 Faversham . 12,748 12,893 12,893 13,174 12,208 12,877 12,877 13,248 Milton . . 11,966 12,654 12,654 14,339 11,304 12,314 12,314 13,851 Romney | Marsh/ 3,300 3,287 3,287 8,598 2,765 3,023 3,023 2,968 125,470 130,321 130,642 134,463 122,950 131,108 131,265 136,663 Retransfers "i (deduct) . / 321 260 157 104 •• -• 130,321 134,203 131,108 136,559 The district includes Population. Boroughs, Urban Districts, Ac. Gravesend (seamen, military) . Ashford (engineering, railway service, carriage building) Sevenoaks Dorking Canterbury (part of) Faversham (bricks, seamen) Sittingbourne (bricks) . Milton, next Sittingbourne (bricks) Rural parts .... JIales. Females. 1891. 1901. 13,303 13,893 23,876 27,196 6,251 6,557 10,728 12,808 3,424 4,682 7,610 8.106 3,462 4,208 7,132 7,670 662 751 1,253 1,413 5,481 5,809 10,478 11,290 4,481 4,462 8,302 8,943 3.612 3,474 5,213 7,086 93,787 92,827 187,315 186,614 184,463 136,663 261,907 271,126 It might have been better to separate Gravesend from this residue, but the place does not seem to rank satisfactorily in any other class, and is, after all, not sufficiently important to affect results materially. The numbers of military and naval officers and men in barracks, ships, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels were : — ■ In 1881 . . 363 military ... 1,743 on board vessels. „ 1891 . . 718 ., " ... 931 „ 19U1 . . 1,273 „ ... 1,031 Appendix C. 495 CD O b_, CO .2 L— 00 O = c« (M JT O 5^ _p_ SS 00 00 CO rH tr- 00 Oi 00 CO t- o tr- o ® bo CQ >o CO -* o 00 ir- »o -* cn in CO a rtg H? t- Oi CM -* CO rH rH rH CO t- in wo 1-1 CM crs o ^ io o O CM lO O (M ^ rH 5? CO t- ># I— t~ Ol CO 00 in ^ I— 00 "* rH in tr- ■* -* '^ -* ^ lO lO CD t:- CO o CO (M rH o2 io rH rH in C35 rH ^— . ^ male pula- ion, 891. o o 00 o in Ci o rH ^ 05 CM ■r-\ o o -* ^ o t~ o o rH CO o CM CO CM CM •^ L- CO rH o OT n o lO o o o lO o in O lo a. rH CM Ol CO CO ^ ^ in lO o o t- _• co «.- 05 *rt o CM •^.2 *^ Is o 00 CD o CO in o oo -* o 00 CO 00 t- o t~ ■^ CD rH C3 -* CO in T(H in CO o Ol tM rH o_ CM CD CO CO (M rH CO ^i h.^ CM~ CO co" rH 1-^ «rd ^_^ ^H -H ^ O CO CO o ^ o CO -* CM 5T' -* Ci C^ o L- CD CO o CO o CM CO ^ t- eg •— ' -f ■* -* in O o «o CD o t- 00 o Ol CD co Ssg OS CD rH ^ Tt( o male pula- ion, 881. CI 35 -* o o t- t- CD o c» o CO CO CD in Oi ^ TO 03 L- CM o o rH I:- o lyt rH lO CO CO a I-( tH CO co rH -* in (Jl CO -* t:- C^ (M CD CM o ^£-- O t- "O CO r— t C73 CO L- l^ CD m ■* Tfl CO tr- (M cc ^ ^ CD „ _ rH c CO o «-< S "3 o -* Ttl • «| CM ll 1-1 in O -* o CO "oo in rH CO rH CD n in o CO t- GO Ol rH ^ t- o ol t- rH 7-\ -** rH o 00 CM CO in Tji rH Ci CO rH Ir- o -* m ^^8 lO •V o t- CO o> 00 o CD CD CO rH m 5h..2-:8 lO L~ >o o i- •* 00 ^ CO C5 ■* CO CO 05 1« O -^-H O L- ■o •^ CM Oi 00 t- CO CO in ■* tH CO t- in PM •>S1 rH rH rH rH CO rH g . . ^ , !0 -*^**H 2 ra T) CS O-- o >o O >o O >o o in o in o m O in fl iJ Ace eiui r-l 1-1 1 1 o o CI 1 "O 01 i CO 1 lO CO T in rt< in 1 in in 1 o CO 1 in CD 1 O L- 1 in i- 1 o 1.2 S' 1 a 1-1 rH (M CM CO CO -*l ^ m in o CD i— 496 England's Recent Progress. SUSSEX (Residue). Eogistration Districts. Rye . . Hailsham Ticehurst Uckfield . East Grin stead . Cuckfield Lewes Horsham Petworth Thakeham Westhamp- nett Chichester jMidhurst Westbourue Population (Males). Population (Females). Census, 1891. ! Census, 1901. 1 Census, 1891. Census, 1901. ' ISSl. 1891. 1S91. 1901. 18S1. 1891. 1891. 1 1901. 5,999 6,979 8,465 10,129 9,575 11,853 17,138 11,138 4,857 4,247 9,617 4,108 7,185 3,742 5,701 7,255 8,261 10,915 9,816 11,964 16,763 12,381 4,711 4,194 10,441 3,691 7,216 3,552 5,701 7,540 8,160 10,985 8,238 11,398 16,169 12,877 4,711 4,194 9,038 5,094 7,219 3,552 5,409 7,969 7,760 11,549 8,638 12,522 17,636 13,810 4,265 3,707 6,041 6,593 8,767 9,969 9,006 11,399 15,758 11,162 4,737 4,038 9,447 I 10,036 5,917 6,694 3,437 4,461 6,780 3,678 5,889 6,889 8,843 10,962 10,077 12,447 16,786 12,504 4,720 3,855 11,191 4,196 7,020 3,532 5,889 7,143 8,733 11,032 8,451 11,928 16,255 12,953 4,720 3,855 9,666 5,721 7,028 3,532 Retransfers (add) '.li 1,985 2,206 116,861 120,966 5,648 7,759 8,537 12,057 9,363 13,553 17,953 14,352 4,264 3,595 10,661 6,. 327 6,918 3.378 115,032 116,861 |ll4,876 118,760 112,425 118,911 116,906 ; 124,365 \ 2,005 2,212 118,911 126,577 The district includes : — Population. Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Males. i Females. 1891. 1901. Chichester (military) 5,917 ; 6,327 10,815 12,244 Lewes ..... 5,304 1 5,945 10,997 11,249 Horsham ..... 4,427 t 5,019 8,087 9,446 Newhaven (seamen) . 3,747 3,025 4,955 6,772 Bognor (residential) . 2,584 3,596 4,620 6,180 East Grinstead (agriculture) 2,824 ' 3,270 5,180 6.094 Tunbridgo Wells (part of) . 621 ! 1,203 1,621 1.824 Rural parts* .... 93,336 95,980 185,507 189,316 118,760 ; 124,865 231,782 243,125 Including part of Seaford, with 300 male and 440 female inhabitants in lOul. The numbers of military and naval officers and men in barracks, I'tc, and of persons on board merchant vessels, were : — lu 1881 . „ 1891 . „ 1901 . 643 military 612 on board vessels 376- „ 236 646 678 Appendix C. 497 As the rural districts in this county differ from the majority of similar districts in the matter of migrations, an investigation has been made as to the particular registration districts where gains by migration in 1891-1900 are shown, and it appears that such gains were principally met with in the following districts : — ■ Registration Districts. : Age 0-15 at end of Decennium. Females' age at end of Decennium. Males. 1 Females. 30-35. 35-40. Cuckfield Lewes ..... Westhampnett and Chichester . East Grinstead. Horsham ..... Uckfield ..... 645 491 351 158 213 142 302 328 248 234 71 89 129 177 70 108 151 154 113 89 64 58 102 106 2,000 , 1,272 789 532 and as the whole rural residue 1 of the county gained j 1,829 588 893 476 there was a loss in most other places. Cuckfield was influenced by St. Saviour's College for boys, also by the growing small towns of Hayward's Heath and Burgess Hill. Westhampnett includes Bognor. 498 England's Bcccnt Progress. d 00 00 CD ^+1 •* rM 'tH 1 •*- 2 O 00 a> I- c^ CO L~ CO ~ S >o 00 •<*( '"' "a '5 CO (M -<*< o lO t- t- CM i! To t— S Oi o CO t- T-t «3 i3 t- rM J* O Oi rH CO 00 CM t- 00 t- -* 00 t_ m i-< rH rH --=- c3 * . o t- >o CO CO t~ r-i o rH -* Oi o ■^ CO Tjl rH |S,.2| 00 o ■* t~ ■rfl o tH C5 CO in t- d CO t- C3i tr- CO CO -* CO o o 00 t- t- o in in 'il CO t- tr- ft, (2'*^"' tM ^ rH ""• ■* rH Oi 05 (M ■* t- CM 00 CO * t- L- 01 o CO ■* -* •s? (M -* -* o CO CO o t-l o "* o 00 in tr- 00 cl g o_ CO CO CO ■* Tjf uo CD o t- CO o CO T-l O q2 >o rH r-< in 00 »c >o cq ■^ t- o a> ■^ ■* m T*l 05 Q -* ^ CD m J^ •■ * too cq t- CM CO tH o ^ t- Ol in CT IM CO in ^^ i 3 co" CO o CM CO r-i md OS t- rH ■* CO CM Til 00 t- in CO CO ■l CD O o in 00 00 •S ^ CO o 00 1** t- o tr- (M CD CO in m rH rH 00 te ^ o ^ CO ■o O 00 CTi co t- o O in ■^ t- ■* OC' O o 1^ CO C5 CO O t- t- ■n in ■* o "rf 5 ^ 00 o -^ lO "* CO CO lO cn CO tr- o co o o T-i t- M CS » S O-WrH CO »c "* CO rH 00 t~ CD CO io in ^ -* CO t- co ;^ CO tH tH rH >* E . . . . CO ■2's = ra 'C o>o o s o >o o in o in o in o in «5 a. r-l 1-1 ^2 6 CO 1 CO 1 o 1 in ■* 1 o in 1 in in 1 o CO 1 in CD 1 1 in S = rH Ol CM CO CO -* ■* in lO cp CO t- Appendix C. 499 WILTS AND DORSET (Residue). ! Population (Males). ] Population (Females). Ret'istration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census , 1891. Census 1901. 1881. ' 1891. 1 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1S91. 1901. Swindon (part*) . Cricklade . ' 3,872 4,435 4,435 4,541 3,797 4,147 4,147 4,878 5,786 5,957 5,957 5,738 5,827 5,878 5,878 5,619 IMalmesbury . 6,847 6,492 6,492 6,349 7,102 6,675 6,675 6,327 Chippenham . 10,437 10,637 10,637 11,263 10,730 11,031 11,031 11,696 Calne . 4,227 4,128 4,128 3,958 4.437 4,881 4,381 4,113 ]\Iarlbo rough . 1 5.026 4,165 4,165 4,415 4,562 4,341 4,341 4,043 Devizes 10,121 9,738 9,738 9,601 10.409 10,006 10,006 10,001 IMelksham \ 8,383 8,589 8,605 8,499 9,694 9,976 9,999 9,917 Bradford-on- Avon ■i 4,787 4,799 4,799 4,483 5,458 5.552 5,552 5,102 Westbury . 5.160 4,915 4,899 4,669 5,493 5,251 5,228 5,035 Warminster . 6,781 6,320 6,320 5,658 7,056 6,713 6,713 6,123 Pewsey 6,288 5,941 5,941 5,684 6,115 5,772 5,772 5.527 Wilton . . 5,053 5,001 5,001 4,836 5,197 4,893 4,893 4,834 Tisbury . . 4,734 4,300 4,300 3,813 4,572 4,297 4,297 3,901 Mere . . . 3,594 3,203 2,722 2,484 3,755 3,553 3,040 2,726 Shaftesbury . 6,033 5,761 6,687 6,234 6,629 6,079 7,065 6,721 Sturminster . 4,713 4,618 4,618 4,153 5,337 4,965 4,965 4,651 Blandford 6,684 6,673 6,811 6,167 7,051 6,702 6,853 6,290 Wimborne 8,466 8,776 8,638 8,300 8,513 9,110 8,959 8,810 Wareham . 8,423 8,027 8,027 7,804 8,523 8,553 8,653 8,197 Dorchester 12,345 12,065 12,092 11,686 12,545 12,419 12,441 12,815 Sherborne 6,080 5,814 5,558 5,443 6,615 6,569 6,296 6,042 Beaminster . i 5.528 4,917 5,110 4,446 5,970 5,449 5,520 4,738 Bridport . 1 6,971 6,567 6,789 5,827 7,810 7,471 7,774 6,881 156,339 151,838 152,469 146,051 163,197 159,783 160,379 153,987 Iletransfers i (deduct) . 1 •• 681 533 596 539 151,838 145,518 159,783 153,448 \'iz., tlic sulj-(listiicl (if Hi^;li\\nitli. 2 K 2 500 England's Recent Progress. The district includes :— iHirnuglis, Urban Districts, itc. Trowbridge (woollen) Devizes (engineering) Chippenham (engineering) Dorchester (military) Bridport (rope, canvas, Sec). Slierbovne Kural parts r.toi. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. 5,212 6,314 1 12,046 i 11,526 3,121 3,411 i 6,426 6,582 2,445 2,629 4,618 5,074 4,512 4,946 8,411 9,458 2,545 3,165 6,611 1 5,710 2,669 3,091 5,290 1 5,760 125,547 130,431 269,446 1 255,978 146,051 153,987 312,848 300,038 Warminster is an urban district with more than 5000 inhabitants, but it is largely agricultural, and the town population is under 5000, so it has been included with the " rural parts." The numbers of military and naval officers and men in barracks, ships, &c., were: — In 1881 .... 6.34 „ 1891 .... 599 „ 1901 .... 540 Appendix C. 501 =' Ol %^ ^ es - o o "ata CO o o o t- ■* o t- CO 00 CO 00 t- Q i-H t^ Ol o a tH t- Ol t- Ol iH 00 ^i 3 00 of CO oT t- o CO ■* '^i ■* rH tH tH S" ^ 22 (M t~ ■* t- Ol CO Ol tH 00 Ol Ol t- "* Ol ■* •* lO t» CO >o t- rH 00 L^ ■* o (M t- CM Ol Cirll (M 'tl -* lO lO o CO CO t- Ol rH O CO iH o55 >n tH ^ CM 00 CM male pula- on, 891. C5 CO ■* t- CO o Ol o 00 lO CO CO >o in ta CM IflOl •* tH o Ol Ol (Ji t- (M rH Ol CTl CO iH -<*t 00 lO 00^ o^ cq tH t- o t~ t- 00 CO tH CO •s? o rH ■* rH CO t~ Ol o CO 8 ■* Ol Ol Q Sri. •<# tH ^ o o >o CO L- CO Ol CO o t- 00 Q2 CO tH rH rH Ol t- ■* Ol a.i_-^. tH 00 o o^ CO 00 iH CO »o CO iH CO CI iH Ol 05 O tH a o ■* tH -*l CO CO t- CO o o CO 3E.2ot CO lO o t~ lO o o tH O CO 00 Ol L^ rH ■* iH A P«r-, C5 00 CO t- >o tH o Ol CO t~ o CO lO O iH tH ?H CO ^ T-l 1-1 1— 1 iH tH iH Ol iH ^^i • CO es 0-- o lo o UO o >o o o o >o o lO o lO 111 Ol Ol CO 1 CO 1 1 o 1 CO 1 CO 1 l- 1 iH T-H CM CO CO ■* ■^ lO CO CO t- Q c ,^ ol C3 2 S'S >o o t- o o lO o t~ (T) CO 00 CO t~ t^ V bi Ol 00 co tH iH uO Ol >o tH CO CM CO tH t- ^S 3 of C5 05 cm" rH t- CO CO CO ■* CO Ol Ol co m'o _J, iH tH rH ir> Ol o CO t- a> tH 00 Ol t*! t~ 5? -* t~ CO rH o o CM t- ■^ ^ t- en o 00 00 ISrH o O L- t- L~ t- t- 00 Ol CO Ol -ttt 4) 00 02 o tH '"' tH Ol t- g « A o^ • o GO Ol CO oi_ -* 00 c:i_ o c:i a- p *i r-l co'o" Cji" I— •<*l iH o" Ol' oT 00 t-^ t- CO lo" Ol s rH cq T-l iH tH iH iH iH cq j c o (35 03 00 Ol oq o Ol tH tH •* CO o 3 CM o CO CO CO__ iH -* Ol Ol ■■* CO CO iH rH CO ! CM . . o ^ 05 •^ Ol ■^ o -H t- tH CO CTl o l~ >o >o o GO >o 00 !M CO lO CO CO t- 3 s t- L~ *o "^ >o w o CO L- CO o CM lO co M t- iH iH iH Ol t- CO Ol »i,— CM iH 8 3 Oi o 00 o »o CO oq tH tH lO O) ^ CX) CO 00 o >o 'O 00 tH CM to >o tH ■o Ol CO l~ Ol CO ■^ iH lO 00 lO tH L~- rH -^ o CO .2 a- M -* o CO tH Ol 00 L- t- t- CD CO uo rH rH i^ -"H Ol iH 1-1 iH iH rH y a ^ • a , « , , , , , « a CO yi rQ 'O o >o ^ CI ^ CO o o id lO ? 9 o I- ^^ <£ o 1 o o 'O 6 lO o o J> 1 o i T 5 lO 6 O cu f ^ 1 '"' r-( Ol Ol CO CO •«ji •f o ■■^ CO t- "> P 502 England's Recent Progress. DEVON (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegist ration Districts. Census 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1S91. 1S91. 1901. 1881. : 1891. 1 1891. 1901. Axminster . 9,007 8,365 7,642 7,282 9,687 9,349 8,596 8,341 Honiton . 10,071 9,580 9,926 9,274 11,061 10,942 11.243 11,011 Kingsbridge . 9 006 8,397 8.397 7.532 9,727 ! 9,318 9,318 1 8,601 Tavistock 14,686 13,139 13,1.39 13,380 14,442 13,971 13,971 13,527 Obehampton 8,385 8,053 8,053 7,622 8,497 1 8,281 8,281 1 8,134 Creditor! . 8,952 8,379 8,379 7,622 9,168 8,726 8,726 7,931 Tiverton. 13,779 13,672 13,899 13,028 14,763 14,866 15,088 1 14,350 South Molton 8.397 7,750 7,613 6,834 8,269 7,690 7,558 : 6,978 Barnstaple . 17,928 19,176 19,176 19.043 20,262 22.192 22.192 ' 23,017 Torrington . 7,077 6,580 6,580 6,044 7,699 7,063 7,063 , 6,457 Bideford . . 8,746 9,107 8,998 9,360 10,056 i 11.089 10,965 ' 11,243 Hols worthy . 4,514 4,396 4,505 4,267 4,462 \ 4,546 4,670 4,420 120,548 116,594 116,307 111,288 128,093 ;128.033 127,671 124,010 Retransfers 1 (add) . ./ 287 273 362 357 116,594 111,561 128.033 124,367 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Hales. j Females. 1S91. 1901. Barnstaple (wood-working) . Bideford (seamen) .... Ilfracombe (residential) *Northam (seamen, shipbuilding) . Tiverton (agriculture, lace) . Rural parts ...... 6,369 3,785 3,426 2,330 4,734 90,644 7,768 4,969 1 5,1.31 3,025 5,648 97,469 13,732 7,831 7,692 5,043 10,892 198,788 14,137 8,754 8,557 1 5,355 ' 10,382 188,113 111,288 124,010 243,978 235,298 Inchules " Westward Ho." The town of Bideford includes a large residential element, and Barnstaple also, though in less degree. The cabinet-makers and other wood- workers in Barnstaple only equal 8*4 per cent, of the working males. The numbers of persons on board merchant vessels were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 ,008 157 217 Appendix C. 50:5 ^' i:> -# ^^ rt rH cts t- CI rH T_j rH '^ -f CO CO Ci cr- Kes Migr Loss T-l en. fM C3 Ol C~j ■^ CO CO cr: CO '^ CO CI t~ CO '"' CO T-\ ^ CO (M (M CM (M tH CO 1 rH - . t~ CO CO CM 00 ^ •H 00 ^ CO 00 00 7-i 00 00 Oi CO cri CO lO CO CO CO ^ ■^ ■* ■* -* m in C^ 01 c^ '^' CO S 32 OS ■* rH '"' ^ rH male pula- ion, 891. C^l Ci ■* (M ■* •* CO t- ^ CO 05 i-H lO ^ lO CO Ttl •* t- •^ t- rH CO Ci "M ■* t~ T-l 10 iH 10 ^ CM '^ CM "I in_^ t^-^ t- « p -tf -• oT-* CO CO C^ 0" Cl" 00 t~ CO in ■* -* t- t- ^ CO i-H i-H iH iH ^■ — ■' — ^, -«-3 --t-l ^ r^ •« in 10 in 10 in in a S i-H rH 1 ! 01 10 CM 1 CO CO 1 1 : i6 1 1 10 CO 1 1 10 t:- in pj i-H tH (M CO CO ■* -* in cu CO L— ■•- 3 CM «»-i 2 '3 a CO CO t- t- (M -* t- CO ee CO a rt- t- CO rH t- in T-i in "cS --< t- >* 10 10 in tO 10 CO t- 01 t- in CO 02 10 '-' ^ CO rH CM male pula- on, 881. 00 (M iH T« CO Cl rH CO CO rH in Oi ■* a T-t (M (M 01 Ci CO ■* 00 rH cn c- CM CO CM rH t- t- -* tH in in C3 CM rH 00 c::^ ■* -* >o ^ co OI 00 t- CO Co" co" in in •5*f cm" f^fi^ CO ^ tH rH '"' T-i CO c 00 -1 rH rH t- ^ >o -* m CO t- ■TM C5 in CO i>- ■* -* cn 00 r— i CO '^ ■* c- t~ CO t- ■rti t- Zi -Si in «s S rH of CM -0 Q0_ rH CO CO CM '^f CM CO ro 00 rH 1? tr- ^ -* CI -V L- ■M -* rH in CD 00 in ee CO :^ 'M iO CM CO CO OS in 10 00 •* CO CO in CO CO -*< IM CO CO 10 00 -n CO 00 ■* t- CM S&.S?8 00 C-l rH C3 CO CM CM o_ CM oo_^ 00^ "*r '-t •^ ^ C -^rH 10' 10 'O -V 01 a L- CO in in in ■* •* -t< Oi CO PH CO rH ^ ■H '"' in rH s tn ■»^"(a 3 na fO !- w S !(5 s 10 CO s s g CO ^ 10 t- 09 ^ ^.^ ^C^ 1 c^ J, <^ 1^ c^ lA i in ^ lA i sS- p rH rH ei cs CO CO •* •v m CO CO L- 504 England's Hccoit Progress. CORNWALL (Kesidue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census 1891. Census , 1901. Census , 1891. Census ,1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Stratton . 3,629 3,473 3,473 3,525 3,810 3,649 3,649 3,791 Camelford . 3,755 3,411 3,411 3,556 3,850 3,495 3,495 3,632 Launceston . 7,923 7,920 7,920 6,887 8,271 7,954 7,954 7,423 Liskeard 13,622 12,371 12,371 11,048 15,165 14,106 14,106 12,893 Bodmiu . 9,309 8,514 8,964 9,027 9,939 9,680 10,201 10,230 St. Columb . 7,671 7,078 6,628 7,154 8,672 8,306 7,785 8,274 St. Austell . 14,361 14,728 14,728 15,670 15,825 16,287 10,287 17,267 Truro . . 16,299 14,984 14,984 15,169 19,683 18,755 18,755 18,455 Scilly Isles . 1,213 888 888 1,029 1,107 1,023 1,023 1,003 77,782 73,367 73,367 73,065 86,322 83,255 83,255 83,039 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Truro Bodmin (military) Rural parts Males. r3,065 Females. 4,999 0,563 2,512 2.841 65,554 73,635 Population. 83.039 1891. 11,131 j 11,562 5,151 I 5,353 140,340 I 139,189 156,622 156,104 The numbers of military and naval officers and men in barracks, camps, ships, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels, vrere : — In 1881 . . . 284 military, &c. . .. 893 on board vessels „ 1891 . . . 198 .. 461 „ 1901 . . . 172 .. 546 Appendix C. 505 c ^_, 1 «u w cS o ^.o o I-l gg CO 00 ,_( •* C^l CO tH c- o in th o I-l C2 CO CD lO O ■* C-l CO CO CO CO CO CO ■* ■* CD CO ■^ CD qS CO iH T*! CO I-l « « ^ lO lO o 05 T-l CO <-, ■* in o 00 O iH in 05 sill CO C5 to iH cq t~ o CO t- ^ ^ CD C3 o CD o lO 00 la (M CO cri t- 00 (M (M CO lO 00 CO iH in o m ;^ O T-l t- CO oo 00 I-l oq O) t- 2g CO ■^ en o •* 00 t- OI GO t~ CO CO ^ ■* co C5 >o CO a> Ol m o CO CO '^ 00 o 00 CD in T-l Ol cq (M cq c-l CO CO CO ■* lO L- o in Ol OS Tt( CO i< 05 CO 00 CO iH CO 00 in •^ CD ^ in o ^ CO o iO t- o CO O t- CO 00 in Ol o t- lO O) C5 o O t- Oi (M L— co CO cc b- CO •^ «l O 00 00 00 00 »o ■* m CO CO CO CM n oi 1-1 iH CM oi CO CO '^ •<*l lO in CD O t- o c GO o c ^.2 c4 CD I-l "S-g • rM Gi -* tH Oi (M CO T-l o CD CO (M T-l t- 03 C5 o iH tH T-l t- CO CT> CO ■* o O) CM •* :i CO "'- Ol O o to ■^ iH CO (?i iH CO 05 T-H i-l T-l (M T-l _05 CO s's lO >o t~ CD 00 ^ 00 t- o iH O CO o (M 5? CO ^ OO Ol o CO lO o o GO CM o in OS ■* CO CO CO ■^ rti CO CO CO '^ •* O 00 1-1 CO o s » 02 rH iH -* male pula- ion, 881. o o CO cq lO t- t- OJ 00 CO CO tK tH CO t- 00 07 Ol 00 t- -# CO c^q (M 05 o OI CO I-l Til 05 a in Ol I-l CO m Ol o tH CD CO CO L^ CD CO ■* L- "^ o CO CO CO CO CO CO CO ■* lO CD 00 o t- CD Ss >« lH «o 1-t oi„-^ COC3 m t- lO « CO iH Til 05 eo t- cn CD 05 en O r> ^ »o o lO iO Q in o in a ii I-l I-l (^1 1 ■.-5 ^ CO 6 6 % i in PH 4y Pi ^ r-t M -SI •* o t- '•'' P 506 Knqland'ii Becent Progrfss. NORFOLK AND SUFFOLK (Residue). Poinilatioii (.Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. Census !, 1901. Census, 1891. Censu i, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891.' leoi. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Risbridge 8,420 8,454 8,454 7,835 8,768 8,853 8,853 8,214 Sudbury . 14,689 14,519 14,519 13,032 15,441 15,093 15,093 14,008 Cosford . 7,809 7.715 7,715 7,324 8,029 7,878 7,878 7,539 Thingoe . Bury Saint I Edmunds . j 8,204 7,951 7,951 7,344 8,195 7,792 7,792 7,184 7,574 7,762 7,762 7,527 8,537 8,868 8,868 8,728 MUdenhall . 4,447 4,290 4,290 4,201 4,510 4,269 4,269 4,089 Stow . . . 9,870 9,871 9,871 9,440 10,325 10,060 10,060 9,727 Hartismere . 7,974 7,451 7,451 6,821 7,817 7,240 7,240 6,693 Hoxne 6,249 5,831 5,831 5,224 6,101 5,630 5,630 4,997 Bosmere . 7,796 7,611 7,549 7,149 7,606 7,434 7,371 6,948 Samford . 5,820 6,038 6,012 6,179 6,753 5,980 5,948 6,074 Plomesgate . 10,161 10,314 10,314 9,728 10,318 10,336 10,336 9,883 Blything 12,677 12,426 12,426 12,566 13,140 12,968 12,968 13,011 \V'angford 7,028 7,519 7,519 7,264 7,428 7,782 7,782 7.621 Flegg. . . 4,740 4,781 4,781 4,787 4,893 5,029 5,029 5,016 Smallburgh . 8,717 8,671 8,671 8,512 8,865 8,897 8,897 8,817 Aylsham 8,972 8,694 8,694 8,465 9,085 8,758 8,758 8,588 Forehoe . 5,937 5,953 5,953 5,587 6,034 6,035 6,035 5,742 Henstead 5,278 5,290 5,290 5,015 5,358 5,544 5,544 5,343 Loddon . 6,687 6,584 6,584 6,228 7,015 6,620 6,620 6,165 Depwade 11,551 11,319 11,319 10,496 12,282 11,967 11,967 11,228 Guilfccross . 5,305 5,111 5,111 4,724 5,258 5,117 5,117 4,694 Wayland 5,351 5,220 5,220 4,947 5,365 5,285 5,285 4,941 IMitford . . 13,590 13,133 13,133 11,967 13,777 13,186 13,186 12,015 Walsingham 9,797 9,677 9,677 9,561 10,146 10,225 10,225 10,060 Docking . 8,633 8,484 8,484 8,522 8,877 8,771 8,771 9,112 Freebridge \ Lynn . . / 6,053 6,129 6,188 5,877 6,182 6,122 6,178 5,970 Down ham 9,613 9,032 9,032 8,549 9,662 9,345 9,345 8,760 Swaffham 6,294 6,127 6,127 5,412 6,565 6,266 6,266 5,603 Thetford . . 8,807 8,594 8.594 8,498 8,823 8,659 8,659 8,491 244,043 240,551 240,522 228,781 250,155 246,009 245,970 235,261 Retransfers | (add) . ./ 29 248 39 270 240,551 229,029 246,009 2.35,5.31 Appendix, C. )07 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Poi.ulatioii. Males. Females. 1S91. 1901. Bury St. Edmunds (engineering)* Sudbury (mat-making, silk) Beccles (engineering, printing) . East Dereham (agriculture) Thetfoidt Great Yarmouth (part of) . Rural parts .... 7,527 3,248 3,344 2,696 2,317 299 209,350 8,728 16,630 3,861 7.059 3,554 6,669 2,849 5,524 2,296 4,247 313 600 213,660 445,763 16,255 7,109 6,898 5,545 4,613 612 423,010 228,781 : 235,261 486,492 464,042 * Only about 7'S per cent, of the men are engaged in this industry. lUny is really an ordinary trad'Tig town. t An urban ilistrii't witli less tlian ,5000 inhaliitants. ■.08 EngJtnuV^ Bccmt Pror/rcs.s. CO c« C - =s t- iH o tH fin o 1-1 CO 05 ec Of) o o CO 00 ■* »o lO Cl 00 t- C5 •* CO CO C5 ■* o o o lO o 00 t- tr- 00 tr- 1* I-l lO Cl eo on o ■>* I-l -* 1 T-I ec i° o oc -H -* o CO CM t- CO io C3 CO CO •* X 3T c; t~ c^ t< t- en ■o o t- o o 8 o CO 00 t- L- 00 00 X X C3 o o cc X 1-1 CO CO X ec rtl Oi S to cc o io o lO iH Ttl Ttl X tr- "* I— 1 X CO CD «=; s Tj( o o o o lO o io lo a4 G '^ '^ CM (M CO '?■ ^ o lO o CO t- tr- 5^ ^ e»_ =K c o = 3 o CO -iH CC i-l Ir- CO -* C-) X o lO (^ CO o S "i o ^ CO CO .-H X CO CT ■^ O Cl CM M -* Ci CO CC c^ c. CO X rH o ^ -91 T— 1 " •* O cr. "* t-l -^ lO cc ._. 00 o oq ■* 'il CD CO o o o ■^ X CM CC X 03 o o o -* CO CO Cjn rH c: lO CI CC o CJ o c» o o O o o o iH cq CO d o> lO CD QS T-I i-i I-l I-l T-I iH 1-1 tH '"' iH CI C) CM o = o ■* (M X CO CO' 1-1 ec C5 CO c = S3 tt o o o o o CS Ir- lO X Cl tH CO lO CO X p^.pl;*"'^ ^ CM X tr- lO ■* CO CI CI I-l o Ci o 1-1 t-CO cc CM CM i-l 1-1 1-1 1-1 tH I-l rH rH Cl CO ; e tr- Cl °| o CC cc cc CM 'a* --^ t- Ir- "# CO c-. t- o CO l| en o o o t- X O Cl ^ o o O H-I 1-H o CD x" g: o cc CO t- CI '"' CO cc lO T-H cc 1-1 -* CC o iH o X -^ tr- CO CI C2 c-> o rH in> CO ec o o on o t~ cr> CO o CI CO -* o (M 00 00 05 00 X X C3 o CO t- CO T-I tr- X c2 ■* tH rH rH CJ cc (M d 1-1 tH 1 ■* '— '^— N s^ - • lo o CO T-I cq o X CO or; CTi G2 CO Ir- CO t- X t-O tr- d lO >n cc fT3 c-. -T •rr C5 o C5 1-1 O CM ee 00 o Oi I-l X o-. ^ o CI t- o t- r^ O ■^'-t -* C-l o 00 -*l tr- '^ oq T-H T— H o o a o 05 X t- 05 cc cq o I-l rH '-' "-* 1-1 rH 1-1 cc ^ — "— V ■^-^ 5 _ ^ O lO o lO o io o lO o lO o lO o lO != is ^("S = T "^ CI CM CO- CO ■-) <1 iH CO -<1< CO t- y-< *-=• 05 CO to CM C5 ^ t- CM 00 in in a 1 CM °g 00 Oi Oi 10 CO 00 CO t- -* -* CO 1-i 05 «§ 3 t- f£>^ .H CO rH ^ CM (M (M CO : ■^ rH T-l cm' co" in i-H cT r^ If 1 10 t~ tH CM CO t~ in ^ C3 -* a> L- C5 ■-0 ^ rfl S QS « rH rH '"' 3 s t- f^ CO f— 4 'i* (M en t- in •* S to m 00 Ol CM CO CO L^ t- rH 35 CO in «g C3 CO co" CM i-H 0^ a> L~ CO t~ CM 01 in 0" CM CO ^ ■^ CM ■* 00 CM C2 in 00 00 t- CO •* t- -r« -* (M CO CO •n C35 rH »0 CO t~ r—^ CO CO OQ *< CO iH co_^ 00 in 00 r-t CO CO H^ '^ co" t-^ Cd" cm" -H 00 i 1 (M If CD CO 00 CD 00 in CO CO CD CM Q^ ■^ t~ Tjf 1-1 ^ -* CD t- t- CO t- t- Q rH T« c5 •-• t- CO CO CO CD CD t- t- 00 o_ CM CO d C5 Tj( © 00 as 2 rH rH rH CM t- CO ^^-^— s je----; 00 CO a Irt CO in ■* ^ CM co -H ■* 00 t-H in t- 00 (M ■^ CO 00 ->*< t~ CM 2 3,5 M Ttf -^ CM CO in in Ci m 00 CO ■»J< 00 t- i«* * *- rH (M CO o m in Q in in t-H ^ (M CM CO CO -* -* in in CD CO t- t- 00 lO lO >n in 1 in i> CM 01 CO CO "^ ■<* in in CO L~ ^ gj ^ 3 1 Appendix C. 511 NORTHAMPTON, HUNTINGDON, BEDFORD and CAMBRIDGE (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. Census , 1891. Census, 1901. j 1881. 1891. 1 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Brackley . 6,180 5.798 5,798 5,299 6.128 5,832 5,8.32 5,419 Towcester . 6,189 j 5,928 5,928 5,294 6,395 6,032 6,032 5,426 Potterspury . 6,156 6,382 6,382 6,909 6,075 6,372 6,372 6,850 Hardingstone . 5,348 5,279 5,279 5,988 5,138 5,324 5,324 5,944 Daventry . 9,394 8,974 : 8,974 8,528 9,117 8,674 8,674 8,677 Brixworth . j 6,746 6,101 6,130 5,857 6,590 6,085 6,117 5,972 Thrapstone 7,615 7,244 ' 7,244 7,603 7,500 7,338 7,338 7,338 Oundle ' 7,117 6,405 ; 6,029 5,230 6,969 6,476 6,093 5,264 Peterborough 1 20,517 22,235 22,235 26,614 20,977 23,117 23,117 27,245 Huntingdon . 9,665 9.511 : 9,511 8,911 9,923 9,582 9,582 9,184 St. Ives . . 8,177 7,840 i 7,840 7,210 8,551 8,117 8,117 7,566 St. Neots . . 8,225 7,399 7,399 6,737 8,682 7,840 7,840 7.142 Biggleswade . 13,339 13,057 13,057 13,035 14,039 13,750 13,750 13,683 Ampthill . Woburn . 7,755 4,751 7, 2091 4,445/ 11,007 10,320 8,498 5,223 7,787\ 4,850/ 11,959 11,003 Leighton Buzzard. J 8,682 8,925 9,408 8,661 9,565 9,668 10,197 9,410 Caxton 5,248 4,778 4,778 4,268 5,109 4,630 4,630 4,]29 Chesterton 14,528 15,185 15,185 16,009 14,521 15,805 15,805 17,237 Linton I 6,459 6,376 ] 6,376 5,554 6,614 6,348 6,348 5,703 Newmarket . : 14,170 15,498 1 15,498 16,410 14,055 14,934 14,934 15,693 Ely . . . 10,371 10,396 10,396 9,964 10,352 10,381 10,381 10,132 North Witch- ford . . . } 7,760 8,190 8,190 8,536 7,795 8,201 8,201 8,458 Whittlesey . ' 3,192 3,214 8,214 3,610 3,273 3,131 3,131 3,493 Wisbech . 15,753 1213,337 15,656 , 15,631 16,258 16,726 16,563 16,542 16,847 212,025 211,489 212,805 217,815 216,837 216,316 217,815 Retransfers (add) . . } •■ 536 531 521 528 '212,025 213,336 216,837 218,343 512 En-gland's Bccent Progress. The district includes : — Boroughs, T'rban Districts, Ac. 19U1. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Northampton (part of) . 2,066 2,020 2,182 4,086 Peterborough (railway service *) 14,908 15,964 25,171 30,872 Newmarket (horse training) . 5,491 5,197 8,631 10,688 Leighton Buzzard .... 2,981 3,350 6,704 6,331 Chesterton (agriculture,! printing) . 4,550 5,041 7,526 9,591 Ely (agriculture) .... 3,760 3,953 8,017 7,713 March (agriculture) 3,769 3,796 6,988 7,565 Wisbech (agriculture) 4,508 5,323 9,395 9,831 Rural parts J . . . . 170,772 173,171 353,191 343,943 212,805 217,815 427,805 430,620 * The excess of railway servants above the ordinary quota was in Peterborough equal to 22-5 per cent, of the working males. + The proportion of men engaged in agriculture was only 8-3 per cent., with 5'6 per cent, engaged in printing. Chesterton is almost a suburb of Cambridge. J Although Biggleswade is an urban district with more than 5000 inhabitants, it is largely agri- cultm'al, and as the actual town is below that magnitude, I have included it with the " rural parts." The numbers of military and naval officers and men in barracks, &c. and of persons on board merchant vessels, were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 329 military 417 356 on board vessels. 222 248 Appendix C. 513 . c CM ca C) °§ sts tH t- 10 Oi >H CO ■* 00 CO CJ to cq lO Tj( 8 CO »o a t- CO 03 t- in CO '^g CO »o i-l CO CO ^ co Tjt • 1-^ oq 10 t- (M § ^ . 'O .-1 co CO rH ^_^ ^ rH ^ CO CD ^ on '^ ■-0 "^ ? L~ Ci L- CI »o C] CO Cl 8 CO t- L~ CO L- CO CO CO C5 Cl in L^ Sci fiS C3 '"' rH rH d Cl rH CO CO ^ « . . ■^ CO 1-1 -* a 01 00 00 Cl m T-f rH rH in T-\ tH ■* CM iH t- 00 00 Cl - 10 lO lO ■* o> CO ■* CO Cl rH C5 00 c- t- Cl lO SI cq (M r-i T-l iH tH rH rH rH 1-1 d a rH CM 00 "3 =3 03 • cq >n r-i tr- CO ■* CM -* t- CO t- in CO tr- io CO CM 00 t- d r-i CO io 2.sf s 0^ CO 10 T-l •^ cq rH rH (M oTd t~ co CO CO -* CO t- rH CO t~ CO 0-1 »Cl CO Ci-D ^ HH 00 10 CO CO CO t- t- L— 00 C2 CO t- fiS i-H rH 1-i rH CM C4 10 ^ rH CO ».^a^ 00 CM * (M ^ CD 00 CO CD ^ 00 CO cq CO t- 5? 00 r-, a> 00 OJ C5 05 01 Ci r^ ■* m t- tr- Ig rH rH iH rH rH (M 05 io' CO ^ rt _ . CO C3 •* 05 rH m ■* CO C3 CO 10 ^ 05 CO -* CI CO CI Cl Cl CD 00 Cl L^ CO d d SS..5§ (M CO 10 •^ 00 •^ -3i CO -* tH CO CO (JO CO o ■^ CO oq rH Oi 00 t- lO CO C5 CO t- tH ^ •* iH en 00 00 00 T-i (M CO CO o lO c; ■* -H m 05 CO d T-< en CI L~ CO 00 00 t- Cl cn a) CO ■^ 5§.li I.- CO ■^ ■* t~ t- t-^ 10 m__ L- 05 CO o_ t^p-^rl ■^ 00 t- m tH >o oq rH rH Oi 00 t— t- xtl 00 iD 01 Ol 01 (M rH iH rH i-< rH rH d ^ z^-^— , en ■"•s =• TS 'T3 "O >o 10 c? m 10 K-3 ~ CI C) CO CO t< 10 ^ s L- i- s ?* rl>^ 1 r^ ^ C^ r^ ■A <^ 1 r^ fi '~^ IM 55 CO •^ rti i5 t- 2 L 514 England^s Becent Progress. SALOP AND HEREFORD. Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration Districts. Census, 1891. Census 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1 1891. ' 1901. Ludlow . 9,310 8,829 8,829 9,226 9,264 ■ 8,827 8.827 9,147 Clun . 5,249 4,738 4,738 4,234 4,918 ; 4,628 4,628 4,257 Church 1 Stretton. J 2,904 2,726 2,726 2,641 2,755 ' 2,675 2,675 2,654 Cleobury \ Mortimer/ 4,208 4,189 4,189 4,809 3,930 8,974 3,974 4,061 Bridgnorth . 7,490 7,258 7,258 6,923 7,817 7,669 7,669 7,562 Shifnal . 6,382 6,108 6,108 5,886 6,439 6,114 6,114 5,915 IMadeley . 13,830 11,597 11,597 12,147 13,444 11,517 11,517 11,698 Atcham . 23,969 23,283 23,283 23,820 24,709 25,063 25,063 25,620 Oswestry 13,502 13,638 13,638 13,967 13,578 13,785 13,785 14,295 Ellesmere . G,766 6,860 7,311 7,075 6,970 6,863 7,385 7,411 Wem . . . 5,322 4,983 4,983 5,106 5,243 5,136 5,136 5,309 Whitchurch . 5,500 5,700 5,851 5,8.31 5,746 5,999 6,154 6,229 Market j DraytonJ Wellington . 7,295 6,932 6,932 6,756 7,429 7,264 7,264 7,093 13,505 12,092 12,092 13,170 12,979 11,986 11,986 12,684 Newport . 7,754 7,075 7,075 6,722 7,670 7,257 7,257 6,840 Ledbury . 6,299 6,099 6,358 6,699 6,392 6,514 I 6,806 7,034 Ross . 8,129 7,650 8,294 7,812 8,236 8,058 8,679 8,305 Hereford 20,945 19,902 19,902 19,876 21,903 21,972 21,972 22,102 Weobley . 4,056 3,506 3,506 3,387 4,123 8,900 8,900 3,564 Bromyard . 5,584 5,346 4,972 4,987 5,470 5,216 1 4,832 4,920 Leominster . 7,297 6,771 6.771 6,483 7,357 7,025 7,025 6,858 Kington . . 6,147 5,669 5,669 5,186 6,050 5,718 5,718 5,336 191,443 180,951 182,082 182,743 192,422 187,160 188,366 188,894 Retransfers "I (deduct) ./ 1 . 131 1,103 1,206 1,110 180.951 181,640 187,160 187,784 Ajypendix C. 515 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, t-l CO -« T-t cq -*( 00 CO CM -* ^ ■* 0:1 CD 10 CI L~ CI 3 00 tH L- CO -:*H CO CO ■^ cq Tji cq rj< tH CO CO t- rH If 00 t-l cq 1-1 00 tH t- CO rH -* CM C5 iH CO «3 "O cn C31 10 00 cq 00 00 t- CO cq CD 00 CO CO »o 10 CD C- t~ 00 00 o t- CO lO CO CO tH CO C P^.^ 30 ^^--^ 00 tH T-H t- -* CO iH Oi a> 00 t- CO ■* 10 ■<* o CO t- t- CO i-i ■* t- cq t- CO cq «2 05 rH rH rH T-i cq cq 00 cq CO lale pula- ion, 891. T-( Ttf CO ■* CD 02 10 CO 7-\ t- 00 00 rH cq CM CO ^ C3 Cl Cl >o CD CO cq >o t- t- r-( CO ^ 10 CD cq CO CO o UO 10 ^=1 !3 1 1 (M 1 10 CM 00 1 CO 1 1 1 »o 1 »o 1 CD 1 1 1 »o 1 Q tH '"' CM cq CO CO ■* -^ 10 CD t- -: 00 «*-! ^ §1 CM CO t- in CO t~ CD 10 cq »o « so t- (23 CO cq CI t- t- 10 C5 t- C3 cr> 00 f^-a i^ iO t- CD iH CO CO CD CD CO rH CO f*i H^ CO lO CD CO 1-1 tH cq If -H Cf) CD iH Tjl cq 00 CO CD ^ Ci CD en CO Oi 1-1 1-) tH OT iH lO CD Cl t- cq 00 t- t- t- 00 c» CO 0^ T— 1 -* 00 -* Oi lO S =g fi2 GO T-\ rH rH r-t cq 00 rH CO male pnla- ion, 881. CM 03 iH CT> CO o 10 a) 5 tn t^ '^l 00 1-1 00 Cl ■ CO 00 CO CD CD t~ L- 00 rH ■5H c- r-f CD tH 00 lg T-I 1-< r-T J-i rH cq cq 00 CO CO i-{ CO tH >o (ji oq CO ■* CO CM Oi tH cq c >o >o 10 10 iO ^t'Sfl r-l r-l CM CM CO Tjl 10 9 CD t- t- d 3 ai tn t- » P Appendix C. 517 CARMARTHEN, PEMBROKE and CARDIGAN. Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Llanelly . Llandovery . Llandilofawr Carmarthen . Narberth Pembroke . Haverford- " west/ Cardigan . Newcastle in"! Emlyn ./ Lampeter Aberayron . Aberystwith. Tregaron 22,034 6,106 9,032 16,317 9,149 14,780 16,156 7,583 8,643 4,671 5,278 11,852 4,690 25,912 5,460 9,892 15,658 8,402 15,136 15,233 6,936 8,641 4,392 4,873 9,293 3,857 25,836 5,042 9,892 15,734 8,402 15,136 15,233 6,936 8,641 4,392 4,873 9,293 3,857 27,762 4,587 11,607 15,383 8,071 15,449 15,836 6,567 8,173 4,211 4,497 9,539 3,616 22,582 6,659 9,767 18,758 10,392 15,567 17,635 10,032 10,371 5,416 7,265 13,754 5,582 26,470 6,162 10,591 18,479 9,788 16,147 17,297 9,345 10,467 6,292 6,722 11,809 4,756 26,389 5,677 10,591 18,560 9,788 16,147 17,297 9,345 10,467 5,292 6,722 11,809 4,756 29,135 5,000 12,086 18,010 9,291 16,490 17,287 8,595 9,962 5,046 6,238 11,932 4,331 Retransfers \ (add)/ 136,291 133,685 133,267 418 1.35,298 442 153,780 153,325 152,840 485 153,403 500 133,685 135,740 153,325 153,903 The district includes Boroughs, Trban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. *Llanelly (tinplate manufacture) 12,473 13,144 23,937 25,617 *Carmarthen (railway service) . 4,601 5,424 10,338 10,025 *Pembroke (shipbuilding) . 7,937 7,916 14,978 15,853 *Haverfordwest 2,731 3,276 6,179 6,007 *Milford Haven (seamen, docks) . 2,698 2,404 4,070 5,102 *Tenby (residential) . 1,805 2,595 4,542 4,400 ♦Cardigan .... 1,495 2,015 3,449 3,510 ♦Aberystwith (residential). 3,434 4,580 6,725 8,014 Rural parts .... 98,124 112,049 211,889 210,173 135,298 153,403 280,107 288,701 Urhiiii ilistricts. 518 England's Recent Progycss. In the compilation of the Census volumes for 1901 a new feature was introduced, viz., a short summary of occupations (male and female) in urban districts with more than 5000 inhabitants. But this summary is omitted in the case of small counties, and we are thus almost deprived of information as to any of the towns in the above lisi:. We know, how- ever, that Abcrystwith and Tenby are residential places, and apparently Carmarthen, Cardigan and Haverfordwest have a similar character. Tliere is a woollen manufacture in Carmarthen on a small scale. The railway service, iron, steel and copper manufactures employ many men at Llanelly. The numbers of military and naval officers and men in barracks, ships, i^c, and of persons on board merchant vessels, were : — In 1881 . . 999 militarv ., .. 1,048 on board vessels, „ 1891 . .974 „ " . 634 „ 1901 . . 473 „ 843 Appendix C. 519 1 .9 ^o ! 1 •* 10 »o ■* CO ^ C5 t- 00 00 05 rH 1^ CO ^ >o a ri M< I-l 05 -* CO CO CO 00 C5 Cl 10 1-1 t- 00 cq rH tH T-l d 00 rH 2" 2 1 GO ^ CO co ^ ■r}< d (D <-, ^ l- L~ "* CO CO 10 CI ■* d 00 ^-* --) CI L~ GO CO CO 00 CO CI CO t- CO 3 cj Q2 t- rH rH rH t- 1 Cl (U i 05 CO l~ lO ^ t~ -* CO '^X rH CO ■rH SaS;:^ 10 t- iO C5 -* 1.0 CO -* t- 95 t- 1^ CO -* tH C5 00 -* cr> rH CO QJ P *^ r-, CO >o CO r— 1 GO t- t- lO rH d «Ah CO ^ .-1 ^ r-l r-l rH tH rH C5 rH a Oi d 10 m ^ ■" CO »n t- t- CO iH rH 0, i-H CO CO d 113 03 03 '^ iH cri -* Ph^ m iH CO GO rH rH yA i-H T-l ■* CO rH d rH mo CO 10 CI -* \r- « -> ^ CO CO Ci CI CO CI UO -n L~ L- -« CO t~ rH "*^ Jj L- M L^ L- t- L~ CO rH ^ t- Cl OS GO r-l rH rH d (M CI t- CI CI 00 C5 CI CI t- rH d t- 0— _-_• CM CO CO lO tH t- 1-1 r-{ Oi 00 00 a) L- "^ — ^ Ci -H L- GO ^ ^ CO rH L^ CI CO CO GO r!1 CJ-^-H •* CO 00 L- lO ^ CO CO CO ^ tH tH i-H tH 1-1 r-< _^^ 1 in 10 l-O lO »o UO a a 1 1 CI I CI 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 1 10 1 1 I 1 1 1 ca^^ 00 o 10 »o lO 10 CJ lO Oj « -H CI CI CO CO '^ ^ 10 L~ t^ §^ d CI li >— I '^^ r-l -* Oi rH ■^ C5 t~ C5 t- 00 d r/l ^ CI t^ -* ■* CO ^ t~ rH «3 9 "* CI CO CI CO CO CO CI T-\ CO rH 01 -I d CO CI -' 1-1 uo rH .-=• ^ C5 CI i-l Ci >o CO 10 UO rH lO 10 on CO 03 CO lO CO CO CO d rH CO CO >o t- CO 03 CO CO 00 CO 00 rH -* 00 d ■H 05 CI CO t- CO a ■* rH ^ tH CO CO L- X CO CO L- d ■ri< 00 ^1'-- ^ CO L— 10 CO G5 00 t- t- CO rH tJI tH iH r-l iH T-l iH 1-1 rH c t- II C3 »o rH • 3-S -* cn C5 tA -* CT> r-l 10 t- 00 ^ ro lO CI 10 CI 10 d 3 of CI CI "0~ GO 1-1 CI L~ lO CO rH Cl rH 0" d 2" 2 iH t- 00 iH CS l- Oi t- >o — 1 d rH 03 t- CO CI CO 00 Ci CO C/1 Oi -* t- 00 GO CO t.^ CO t~ C5 rH CO 5 ■/) Q2 CO rH .H iH 10 d lale pu la- ion, 8S1. CO -H rH t- CI rH rH CO d -* -H L~ CO ■n rn co CO rd 10 >o CO :?• C5 CO l~ 10 Oi CO t- CI t- CI L- <^ O^rH CI ■33 t~ to •m 00 t- to CO >o lO TtH ■^ ■^ rH r-{ rH r-l r-l rH ^■ — ■ — , «VH S a M 10 10 10 10 >o 10 "O Sis 1 1 CI 1 ■0 CI CO 1 CO 1 1 10 1 '? 1 10 CO 1 L- 1 10 «3 1^ "1 3 1 r-i rH ^^^ CS V) OD -t< -1< ig "? v «;> t- 520 England's Becejit Progress. aAlONTGOMERY, IMERIONETH and RADNOR. Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration Districts. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. Census, 1891. Census ,1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Knighton 6,020 5,374 5,374 5,595 5,684 5,324 5,324 5,300 Rhayader 3,384 3,112 3,112 5,116 3,435 3,309 3,309 4,230 ^lachynlleth 6,102 5,110 5,166 5,218 6,456 5,716 6,781 5,823 Newtown 12,732 10,409 10,409 10,233 12,707 11,313 11,313 10,885 Forden . . 9,443 8,142 8,142 7,354 8,833 8,171 8,171 7,490 Llanfyllin . 10,018 9,060 9,060 8,390 9,906 9,376 9,376 8,601 Corwen . 8,438 8,161 8,161 8,145 8,395 8,097 8,097 8,168 Bala . . . 3,498 3,046 3,046 2,801 3,242 3,069 3,069 2,931 Dolgelly . 7,251 6,822 6,766 6,747 7,888 7,670 7,605 7,501 Festiniog 15,141 13,812 13,812 13,811 ' 14,384 14,049 14,049 14,144 82,027 73,048 73,048 73,410 1 80,9.30 76,094 76,094 1 75,073 The district includes Urban Districts, &c. 19U1. Population. -Males. 1 Females. 1891. 1901. *Newtown .... 3,011 3,489 6,610 6,500 *Welshpool .... 2,960 3,161 6,501 6,121 Festiniog (slate quarrying) 5,792 5,643 11,073 11,435 *Portmadoc,t &c. 2,311 2,572 4,959 4,883 *Barmouth .... 953 1,261 2,045 2,214 *Dolgelly .... 1,104 1,333 2,467 2,437 Rural parts .... 57,279 57.614 115,487 114.893 73,410 75,073 149,142 148,483 * There is no information in tlie Census publications as to occupations iu these uvbau districts, t This urban district (in Carnarvon) is named i'nyscynhaiaru. Appendix C. 521 •S 1 CD , ■S 2 * 1 • C73 • ®n 1 O 1 3-S 1 . 1 o CO o CO r-l CM CD o 1-1 1-1 t^ CM 2! o Res Migr Loss o »o n> in t- in O in CO 1-1 tH o Ci o 1-1 CTi^ iH CM 1-1 CM tH CO CM i-i CM CM iH CO »ro CO CO CM 1-1 00 o t- 00 r> o CD t- C3i 1 o -* mS o O CO Tj) ij< 1-1 o 1-1 l:~ O L~ 00 CM t- CO CO CO Tt< ^ Tj< I* ■n CD a CO in en T-i o c in Oi Oi CO CO CM li 03 05 CO 00 iH O 1-1 3« O (M iH 1-1 CO lO o in (n o CM t- 1-1 CO t- CO o «J 3 t- CM iH CO CO r CO 00 i-T (M l-( rH in 03 O co 00 lO OS ^ CO CM CM CO t- a-. 1*1 t~ iH CM 00 lO CM t- CO in t- 1-1 t~ CO C31 CO CM 1-1 C- Q2 o C-l CO CO CO CO CO ■nH 1*1 in CO 00 O CO 1-1 CO co" 1-1 O CO Oi L— 00 1-1 CO 05 t- 05 00 ^ CO CO 00 t- tu^ -_; lO UO rtl OJ in CO m in o 1-1 ^ o CO in Ol o S§..2^ 00 CO t~ lO lO m CO in CM t- o cq o CO 05 C3i f=l C -f^rH O 00 00 CO L~ in ^ ■c o in o in o in o in d S ! 1 o o CM 1 lO CM 1 o CO 1 in CO CD 1 in o in 1 o o 1 in CD 1 in o in Q. 0) ^ CM CM CO CO Tt4 -* in in CD CO L- L- d d ^ CO °§ o 1 g o o tn Oi CM 05 o in 1* on CM CO CM C31 O} o 1-1 L— CO 1-H in CO o iif CO O Qi m ■* 3 CO o cm" CD__ CM 00 1-1 a CD t- m CO CM CM tH t- cm" iH mo 00 -H o CO ^ CO ^ o CO o 00 Oi in Q CO J3 =» in Ci -^ Oi c^ i~ ■^ iH o ■* CO O CM CD Oi ll CD 00 -* ^ •^ ^ ^ ■"ii ■* -* in t- cn t- in CO eo CO CO tH -* o T-l Oi t- Oi in CD t- a in CD rH CO o o CM rn .CO t- co l~- o CO t- CO iH |lli f^& o ■* a rH CO CM ■^ o_ in •"l. CD CM' Ci CO 00 Td tH O Ci cri t~ CD in m ^ei" Ttl CO CO CM in (M tH o 1-1 c . . . 11 n! C5 b- CD >n a CT> t- 05 CM CD 00 CD 00 t- ■rt( CO tn oo L— o CM in CO ^ CO O L- CO CO T-1 CO ^. 1 >o o ^ ""1 o_ o_ CO CO ■* CM CM CM 01 CM CO CO CM " '"' O 1-1 WCJ lO •^ lO »n t- o CO eo -* -* CO 00 tH tH in CO 00 o lO S^ •* iH CO 1-1 CD >0 CO iH o lO o a 1-1 on CO 1-1 1-1 o CO CO ®- Q--! CI CO t- CD CI CO >o O CO CO CO 00 in o CM ^a.2S8 -»H C-l o CO CM o^ CD o L~ o^ t- CM en in CM in ^ O-^-H oq o Oi" o" CO L- ICO -* Ttl •^ eo CO cm' (M in Ph o-i ^ o rH . • . • • • • • • • o >o C-) in 1 in in o in O in s 1 m in o lO |-( T-t 1 >.o 1 o 1 o S 1 lO in 1 o ci. in S c8 rt ^ >* L~ 00 00 00 00 ■* rH CO CO 00 rH rH rH rH rH rH rH (M CM CO ■<* in 05 CO «2 '"' rH CD 11=^ 00 -M t- 05 CO >o CO m ■^ t- in in -* C-1 TjH CO G5 rH CO in -* t- t~ 10 CM 00 CO CO CD t~ CO CO 02 ^-J C — > t-t 7-1 Tj( ■5H ■* CO CO oq o rH t- 0-1 -* a CO 01 m in ■* (3 CD CO rH t~ C5 rH 10 01 rH 00 10 ^ 05 CO rH 10 >o ■* CO CO CM (M Ol CM 0-1 1-i rH rH d CO fitPM 1-1 in d °§ M ?! CO 05 (M 00 t^ 00 rH CM CT) 1-t t- rH t- t- CO CO 7-< (M CO (M CM -* in t- CD CO t~ m 2 >-l rH "O CO CO CM CI rH rH 05^ co" if Tt< rH 'O l:~ •* Oi «3 lO CO 00 10 CO •^ t- 01 CO -H CO •* CO -* -* ■^ Ol i-i -rH t~ Slii o_ CO o\ L- ■^ o >o 10 ^ in in P cu ii 01 1 Ol CO 1 10 CO T "O 1 10 m in CO 1 1 ■n : Q rH 0-1 (M CO CO '^ -* 10 in CO Ci> t~ 524 England's Recent Progress. CARNARVON AND ANGLESEY (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Hegistration Districts. Census , 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. ! 1901. PwUheU . . 11,161 10,481 10,481 10,548 11,750 11,792 11,792 11,349 Carnarvon . 22,058 19,836 19,836 21,106 21,939 20,876 20,876 21,547 Bangor . 18,802 18,262 18,262 18,350 19,729 19,770 19,770 20,305 Anglesey. 7,127 6,868 6,868 6,734 8,055 7,813 7,813 7,523 Holyhead . 10,053 9,454 9,454 10,087 9,887 10,084 10,084 10,464 69,201 64,901 64,901 66,825 71,360 70,335 70,335 71,188 The district includes :- Boroughs, L'rl)an Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Bangor (railway service, slate) quarrying) . . . .( 5,202 6,067 9,892 11,269 Carnarvon .... 4,511 5,249 9,804 9,760 Bethesda (slate quarrying) 2,395 2,886 5,799 5,281 *Holyhead (seamen, railway ser-j vice) . . . . .1 4,951 5,128 8,745 10,079 Rural parts .... 49,766 51,858 100,996 101,624 66,825 71,188 135,236 1.38,013 Urban district. The numhers of persons on board merchant vessels were In 1881 . „ 1891 . „ 1901 . 884 738 762 Appendix C. 525 ■ 1 CO CO 1 oq c3 CI CI rH o o s & -* (M C5 CX5 lO o lO 00 iH tH rH 1 d Ci CO T-l ■* GO tH 00 d Ir- • PiS O CD o 1* CI 1-4 • tr- i< h3 iH 1 d . . 1 to t~ -* r-l o CI tH o o ^ O TO 1* 1 CI lO ■''? 1 Cl Oi o o CI o CO 1*1 ^ o 02 1 i-i CO CO CO CO •* rt< tH 1*1 lO o CO o L- O co" T-< CO CO rH iJci .. 1 o m 0-1 lO t- CI Ir- IC tr- CD C5 CJl CO -* 1*1 lO 03-2 c rt Ol o 1-1 CD t- tr- o CO co 05 CI o Fem Popi tio 189 t- o 'SI lO ■* io CI 00 Tjl 00 CO CO 1* CD L- t~ t- o lO o tH 1* CO CO CO CI CI lO Ir- 00 s CO tr- 00 CO CO 00 tH CO a! • CO io »o Ttl o CD 1-1 «o g2 ci 1-1 1-1 iH C5 s a . CD 00 CD •* 00 CD CO M iO CD 03 o • • • iH • o I-I CD t- o • • iH CO m"o ■^ CD CD lO cq 00 CD •<* r-i t- CO CD CO CO d 1 ■S9 o lO iH CD lO tH CO o CD Ttl CD lO lO rH ter!< t- Ol CO CO CO CO CO 1*1 1*1 lO CD CO d 02 co CO d rH D =4 - . 02 CD o rH »o d -* Oi CI 1* 00 CI CI CD o o 3lii 00 t~ CO 1-1 03 00 CO o 00 o 1* tr- o tr- eg t- C-1 o t- Til 05 CO o C2 1*1 —1 00 lO o tH CO ^O^- i-H t- tr- O ■^ ■^ ■* CO CO CO CI CI cq 1*1 d 00 .— ^— ^ s CO ■»Jo tr- tr- lO ■* lO C3 tr- CI rH lO >o CO 1* Tj< tH ■* 1* -* •* 1*1 io tr- CT> lO co" CO CO rH iJ=8 . Ol CI 02 ■* CI iH CD o o o CD 00 01 00 Cfl I CI Fenia Popul tion 1881 oq t- 00 CO o Tjl o CO t:- ^ 00 22 o Oi CO 1 00 1-1 CD CD 0-1 CD CD CI 00 co 1*1 O CJl CO CI 1*1 oo'oo" >-l t-^ t^ CD »o "O Tjl -* CO CO CO CI 01 lO §■ d t- 00 '? • 00 d ^ o O m CO 05 CO 00 00 ■^ CT> iH tr- CI d CO ^S M lO CD o o •* t- CO CO 1—1 L- ,^ I-I 1-1 -# o CI CD lO CI 1-1 iH 1-1 o iH iH 0-1 cq rH of sn 05 ■* CO • CD o iH »o t- CO io C5 C^ CO CO 1 «o Ol CO 00 •^ tH cq o r-l >o CI CI t~ q 1 i CO CO - <« 01 tN CM ■^ CO ir- 1-1 CO ■* Cl 1*1 t- lO d °5 o Sals ■* Cl o t- iH t- o "2 CI L~ o L— o CD o 00 00 »n IH t- K^ O *s t-l P4 o CO t- L— CO o lO •it CO CO CO C1 cq d Tji 00 00 a • • • • • • • • • ■S"H =• 'Ora < 4) O O lO o "O o >o o o o lO y >o o lO I— 1 1—1 CI CI CO CO I f >o ■o CD L- AA »o A 1 :f> A 1 A 1 lO A A A ■^1. ^ I-I 01 01 c6 CO 1* Ml '^. ^ 52(3 England's Becent Progress. DENBIGH AND FLINT (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1S91. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Holywell Ruthin . Llanrwst 23,217 ' 21,373 7,160 0,462 7,081 ' G,332 21,373 21,129 ' 22,557 6,462 6,069 7,055 6,332 6,449 ' 7,028 21,192 6,476 6,679 21,192 6,476 6,679 21,132 6,019 6,721 37,458 34,167 ! 34,167 33,647 ' 36,640 34,347 34,347 33,872 The district includes : — Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c.] 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. *Denbigh (part of) .... 135 140 333 275 *Buckley (part of) 1,717 1,609 2,805 3,326 *Mold 2,037 2,226 4,457 4,263 ♦Flint 2,331 2,294 5,247 4,625 Rural parts ..... 27,427 27,603 55,672 55,030 33,647 88,872 68,514 67,519 Urban districts : Denbigh and Buckley each have more than 5000 inhabitants. The remainder of Buckley is in the Chester registration district ; in the entire place 662 coal miners were enumerated, and 453 brick and tile makers. Appendix C. 527 ^ CM a . (tH ^ '3 o • o o °3 1-1 r-l oi ^ CM O o ■^ 1-! iH CO CD o oq oq tX t- -* O iH 03 CO ■* -* ■* Ol o • CO 3 OJ L-~ r-l O tH R, ^ CO 2g t- CO o ^ c~ >o 1-1 lO o y-i Ol 00 7-1 S^ CO o ■o o lO o CO Ol -* o Ol o rH o (M CM "O o CO rH in rH 00 CO Ol rH CO gg o T-i tH ^ 1-H 1-1 I-I Ol Ol CO CO -* «S '-' 7-1 CO «-^ r.'^ O 00 00 •* 00 ^ lO rH rH 00 CO rH o in 00 t- '^ GO •rM o lO 1—1 CM CO rH rH t~ L^ Sp..2S CO 00 CO 00 CO en CO Ol O L~ t- O CO c_J o^ in -^-- O CO CO CO CO CM Ol Ol ^^ -H rH rH ^ •* ^ o >o o lO o lO o o o iO o in o in in £, rH T-l 1 1 o o 1 1 o CO 1 CO 1 1 <-l CT o -* o 00 CD |S3 t- CM CM Ol rH rH oq cq CO CO -* qS r-l T-l ".5 - • t- CO 00 O CO "* t- a Ol '^i cq o ^ Ol t~ t~ t^ rH 00 Ol CO 00 CD o in -»< C5 in saJi t~o iO CM CO lO -* Ol rH O t~ m -* 6hPh Ci -^ tH ■* CO (M oq cq CM rH rH rH rH rH CM CD c CO 00 . CS • 1-1 o 11 CI CO CO (M (M CD o rH O O O O m W L~ o lO lO (M 1-1 o O ■* O T-l PhS q t~ 1-1 CO t- CO -* CO rH .-( 1-1 iH CD <« o CO CD CD >o iH iH CO ^ t- 00 CO CO CM CO 00 5? C-1 ■<1< >o t- t- t- (T) Q cq t- in O g3 q2 o >-) I-t 1-1 r-l t-l r-{ oq OJ CN ■^ c rn Ol ^ CO ■<*< CO J2g.ll Ci CO -* iH CO iH t~ CO Ol t- o r^ O *=> rH •^ -tl CO CO oi oq oq rH rH r-l rH rH n o lO lO o in o o i-i r-l (N CN CO CO ■<11 ■* lO in CD CD L~ ■-' 3 AO •28 England's Becent Progress. YORKSHIEE (Residue). 1 Population (Males). Population (females). Kegistration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census ,1901. 18S1. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1 1901. Sedbergh . 2,074 2,078 2,078 2,025 2,005 1,962 1,962 ■ 1,910 Settle . . . 6,848 6,894 6,894 6,989 6,952 7,177 7,177 7,330 Skipton . \ 18,081 18,610 18,610 21,702 19,039 20,334 20,334 23,559 Pateley Bridge 4,536 3,868 3,868 4,035 4,408 3,893 3,893 4,005 Ripon . 7,879 7,645 7,429 7,292 8,568 8,413 8,206 8,237 Great Ouse- 1 burn . . 1 5,928 5,988 4,689 4,686 6,027 6,076 4,729 4,888 Wetherby. 8,039 7,229 7,229 7,327 8,148 7,755 7,755 8,016 Thome . . 8,043 7,853 7,353 7,809 8,132 7,544 7,544 7,913 Goole . 9,801 12,201 12,201 12,490 9,759 12,192 12,192 12,996 Selby . . . 7,809 7,562 7,562 8,225 8,006 7,723 7,723 8,483 Tadcaster . 12,340 13,282 13,282 15,028 11,606 12,695 12,695 14,479 Pocklington . 7,979 7,495 7,495 7,078 7,482 7,084 7,084 6,631 Howdeu . 6,869 6,490 6,490 6,229 6,418 6,331 6,331 6,045 Beverley . 11,730 11,840 11,857 11,918 11,780 12,167 12,184 12,536 Patringtou 4,355 4,175 4,175 4.278 4,403 4,255 4,255 4,315 Skirlaugb . 4,852 4,595 4.578 4.602 4,943 4,709 4,692 4,757 Driffield . . 10,275 9,534 9,534 9,005 9,792 9,309 9,309 8,749 Bridlington . 8,145 8,027 8,027 9,437 8,617 8,870 8,870 10,792 Malton 11,622 10,886 10,886 10,228 11,409 10,776 10,776 10,220 Easingwold . 4.897 4,526 5,322 5,009 4,636 4,321 5,172 4,900 Thirsk . . . 6,317 6,047 6,465 6,175 1 6,531 6,141 6,551 6,535 Helmsley . 5,974 5,624 5,624 5,119 5,459 5,095 5,095 4,848 Pickering . 5,424 5,227 5,227 5,037 5,254 5,247 5,247 5,022 Whitby . . 12,834 11,513 11,513 10,100 13,640 12,889 12,889 11,643 Stokesley . 5,975 5,521 5,521 5,482 6,034 5,598 5,598 5,765 Northallerton 6,989 5,535 5,535 5,688 5,895 5,737 5,737 5,902 Bedale 4,134 4,085 4,439 4,103 4,137 4,143 4,493 4,333 Leyburn . 4,065 3,737 3,737 3,275 4,258 3,898 3,898 3,473 Aysgarth . . 2,793 2,387 2,387 2,229 2,689 2,349 2,349 2,277 Reeth . . . 2,370 1,543 1,543 1,206 2,347 1,674 1,674 1,314 Richmond 6,658 6,357 6,357 5,868 6,800 6,277 6,277 5,858 Retransfers"! (deduct) . / 224,635 217,854 217,907 219,674 225,124 222,634 222,691 227,737 53 67 57 68 217,854 219,607 222,634 227,669 Appendix C. 529 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, o ira ■^ »o 00 CO rH rH cq •^ CO CO •^f L- 00 CT> rH CO CD t- 00 02 -H rH rH rH rH (M CO rH in CO iJi . . 00 »o CO 00 10 rH 00 ■<*< c-^ 10 00 10 CD rH 0(N c^ (M (M rH rH rH rH 7-^ r-t T-< 00 CO d (» ■«n eo «.! a •^ CO Tj( ' -21 rH CO t- en 10 00 CO 10 t- a 00 00 ^1 gS »o t- 00 CO (M t~ OJ Ci CO CD t~ Tj( Mf CO 7-\ rH 10 CO CM in 00 Hi CO r-i CO CD CM rH cq oq m-g t~ r-< 00 CO r-\ -* rH to 10 CD •^ t- CO t- i-H 00 CO CO CO 10 t- CI Ol •>J* CO t- rt -H lO CO t- t- tr- 00 Ci rH CO t- 00 a> in CO 00 00 -0 10 »o 01 t- lO CO CO 00 t- t- -* Q CO 0-1 (M * lO 01 00 cf rH 10^ y-\ 05 CO 10 -* CO 1-1 1? 10 t- rH (35 ■^ oq 05 CO rH 8 -* 00 CO i-H 10 t- CO -* c:i 05 t- CD rtri. CO C5 T-\ r^ ■r^ rH r^ rH -l co CI to ■<*< 10 oq 00 Oi •* ro C5 00 CO ^ tr- -<*l t- CO CO CO CO cq Ttt cq CD CO -* -* io iO CO GO t- 05 ■^ Oi cq r-{ in CO 00 CO ini^ t- T*l rH 00 lO ■^ CO C5 00 t^ -* COCN rH rH C5 cq c 00 e8 in CO C5 oq -* CT> CD 05 Cft 00 cq t- CD in 00 m CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO t- t- J >o^ to" 0^ CO t-" 0^ rH C^ rH 05 t- 05 10 r-{ tH in CO - . CO t- ^ 00 CO t- t- rH CD eq CS C5 CO CO Q rH CO t- Oi cq CD Oi CO CD CO i^ _L t- 00 00 0^ rH ■<* t- Gloasop) . ) 6,214 6,321 6,321 7,055 6,520 6,552 6,552 7,377 167,305 173,932 173,522 185,322 172,148 180,953 180,591 193,748 Retransfers \ (add) . . 1 410 334 .. •• 862 863 173,9.32 185,656 180,953 194,111 2 M 2 53*2 England's Becent Progress. The district iucludes : — Ikuxiuylis, I'lbuii Districts, Ac. lUUl. j ropuhiLiuii. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Loughborough (engineering, hosiery) 10,180 11,328 18,190 21,508 Hinckley (hosiery, boots) 5,a03 6,001 ! 9,038 11,304 ilarket Harborough (railway service,* [ stay-making) j 3,556 4,179 5,870 7 , 735 ilelton Mowbray (boots,t railway service) 3,025 3,829 6,392 7,454 Shepshed (boots, hosiery, stone quarrying) 2,G20 2,073 4,410 5,293 East Retford (railway service, engineering) 5,923 0,417 10,603 12,340 Newai-k (engineering, malting) 7,195 7,797 14.457 14,992 Alfreton (colliery, engineering) 9,311 8,194 - 15,355 17,505 Ripley (colliery, engineering) . 5,100 4,945 8,774 10,111 Belper (engineering, colliery) . 5,210 5,724 10,420 10,934 ilatlock (residential) .... 2,792 3,187 5,285 5,979 Buxton (residential) .... 4,387 5.794 7,540 10,181 New Mills (cotton J) . . . . 3,870 3.903 0,061 7,773 Rural parts ...... 110,184 119,777 230,500 235,961 185,322 193,748 354,113 1 379,070 * The excess of railway servants only equals C'5 per cent, of the working males, and the staymakeis are even less numerous. + Only 5'4 per cent, in e.vcess of the ordinary ratio. X Largely under the headings "Bleaching, Printing, Dyeing." The industrial and colliery towns amount to a considerable proportion of the total population, and doubtless influence the average rates of mortality unfavourably. Appendix C. 533 H H O H H cc o M J ! oo CO IW * CO CO ®l rH gs M O CD t- CO CM CD rH LO co rH o to CO L— CM rH m O lO t- CM lO t- in 00 («5 lO t- lO CD ■* ■^ CM CI rH CO r-l r-i rH CO aTo ■* t~ O ■* lO c^ t- lO 00 a O C5 CI a t- ^ ^ CO CO CO CO CO CO a •rH CO rt S CO lO CD t- L- CO 00 00 00 o CO t:~ CI t~ in q2 Ci tH tH tH c^ t~ C5 C5 . CO CD t~ OJ CO rH »o CO lO CM o ■* CM •«*H t~ C5 nial on, 891. t- CO ■* t- rH 00 lO a (M 00 lO rH Ci -jH CO CI CD t- CO C5 CO lO CO rH r-\ O-l i-H 'tl O 00 CD 0) O-Wr^ y-t T-l rH o t~ >o CO o CO t~ o 1-^ CI f^^ >0 CM CM rH rH '"' ,-1 rH rH CO C5 e o t- 7-t o| ta t- lO •^ C rH rH CM o CM CD 05 cn CD CD 00 lO o 00 '^t O ■* CD CD 00 rts 00 t- •<* t- t- CM (M 1-t CO rH in *3 rH CO (M O m d CD CO t- rH Oi >o ^ O CO t- CO m CO 00 tH 5t CM O lO CM -cH o CO t~ L-~ co L- o -H t~ Ci *? tH lO o o o CD L- 00 o rH co t- CI ■>»< t- q; o rH rH rH CI b- g t- T-H t- CO t- o o t- t- CM CO CM O CO CO C5 o oi tn o CM o crj t- t^ CO O O UO CO o CO siii tH CO CO CO CD t- CO CO o o t~ GO CM in o o r-. O -^ -1 CO 1-H rH o t~ CO CM rH o CO b- CD CD in o t- CM Ut) S^l CM CM rH rH rH rH C1 CI 11 o -2 o »o o id O in o lO o w O lO O >o to j>^2 l-H r-l c-i O^ CO CO ■^ •* m XO CD O l~ t- o6 lO o lO o lO o UO o >o O in o in ai rH rH CM O-l CO CO Tt( -* IC lO CO CO t- O a ^ a cn CO in « Is O rH 'it (M CD tr- o o CO t- rH -* UO •^ in CO w t- a> io in lO rH CM t- »o CM o CO CO MS 3 (M of cm" 00 rH lO rH CO CD CM -* L~ CM rH rH 2"^ o o CO CO CM CO lO -* CO CO CM rn (J> •<*) CO .s<=p o t- >r> CO (» CD CD 00 CM lO o CD a> C5 ■* Is CO CO t- 00 00 00 00 00 05 o CO O o CO in • o rH rH iH CM t- 05 CM male :on, 881. ■^ o 00 CO •^ Ci ^ -H >o rH o IM lO <^ co c >oao 00 n CI CO o l~ o a l'- rH CM t- o o a> CO 00 CO CJ CD 00 t^ CO t~ co QJ CO CD^ d (U p-WH 1-^<^^" o oo" CO tH rH r^ cT 00 00 t- CD in o •^ IC (M (N rH rH rH rH T-{ rH CM d t- CO c3 o * • rH CO is CJ o (M CT o CM rH CI CD CO ^ t- rH rH s b. en CT) o -^ CD ■^ CD CO CO C2 ~n CO • CD rH «§ >3 CM o 00 t- CO rH rH rH t- 11 (M CD CO CO CO t- t- 00 Ol rH ■ O CM CO (M m o CM lO rH \n O t- o CO ■* O CO CD L— tH ^ -* CO !M CO I— ^ CM o t- rH |ft.2S CO CT> »o lO O -* lO I- rH CO o CI in CO r-t »ip^.-i CO (M o CO CO CO rH C5 CO CO t~ t~ o »o o rH lO (M CM rH rH rH rH tH CM o O lO o >o O >o S lO o lO o in i-H 1-1 01 CM CO CO 'H 'jt »o CO CD t~ L^ tS C!j v. Z Cv ^r^ 1 1 o i6 A .A c\ o A 1 'O s A ^ "^ s Q rH CM CM cr.) CO -V ^ •o 'Q o L- .,M. 534 England's Becent Progress. STAFFORD, WORCESTER, and WARWICK (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. Census, 1891. Census, 1901. i i 1881. •1891. 1891. 1 1901. 1S81. 1891. 1891. 1 1901. Stone 13,984 15,287 1 9,553 9,446 15,150 16,465 ; 10,026 10,193 Cheadle . . 11,362 12,131 10,860 12,348 11,335 12,033 10,925 I 12,309 Uttoxeter 6,888 7,120 7,488 7,845 7,215 7,496 7,645 7,963 Tamworth . 9,676 10,779 10,724 12,462 9,724 11,025 10,975 12,205 ! Lichfield . 20,127 20,450 20,450 21,894 19,170 19,680 19,680 20,648 Tenbury 3,814 3,660 3,660 3,518 3,774 3,622 3,622 3,487 Martley . . 7,861 7,625 6,104 5,977 8,031 8,184 ; 6,147 6,003 i Evesham 7,641 7,798 7,798 8,676 7,629 8,271 8,271 8,953 Pershore 6,740 6,502 6,502 6,410 6,820 6,503 6,503 6,344 Droitwich . 8,685 8,807 8,807 8,828 8,813 9,435 9,435 9,546 Bromsgrove . 15,655 16,098 16,098 17,078 16,259 17,213 17,213 18,552 Atherstone . 7,324 7,855 7,855 9,182 7,066 7,586 7,586 : 8,547 Stratford-on-"t Avon . . 1 11,110 10,572 10,523 9,966 11,386 11,321 11,265 I 10,876 Alcester . 9,611 9,586 9,586 10,025 9,819 10,392 10,392 1 10,954 Shipston-on- 1 Stour . ./ 8,918 8,409 8,409 1 7,452 ' 8,961 8,390 8,390 7,601 Southam 5,249 5,185 5,185 4,994 j 5,033 5,065 5,065 4,909 *Retransfers \ (add) . ./ 154,640 157,864 ! 149, 602 ' 156, 101 8,262 9,645 156,185 162,681 153,140 159,090 9,541 11,373 I 157,864 165,746 162,681 !l70,463 1 * Chiefly of districts added t^) the Potter>' group and Malvern, Appendix C. 535 The district includes Boroughs, Urban Districts, Ac. Lichfield (brewing *) Stone (boots) . Tamworth (colliery f) Uttoxeter (engineering) . Brownhills (part of) (colliery) Reddich (needles, fishing tackle Bromsgrove (engineering) Evesham (agriculture) Stourport (part of J) Stratford-on-Avon . Rural parts &c.) 1901. Males. 3,773 2,580 8,515 2,495 1,876 6,172 4,151 3,440 683 3,917 123,499 Females. 156,101 4,129 3,100 3,756 2,638 1,670 7,321 4,267 3,661 735 4,393 123,420 159,090 Population. 7,864 5,754 6,614 4,418 3,191 11,311 7,934 5,836 1,361 8,318 240,141 1901. 302,742 7,902 5,680 7,271 5,133 3,546 13,493 8,418 7,101 1,418 8,310 246,919 315,191 * Only 6-4 per cent, of the working males. + Only 11-5 per cent, of working males. % Urban district with less than 5000 inhabitants. North Bromsgrove, although organized as an urban district, is largely agricultural, and the true town is certainly much below 5000 inhabitants. It is therefore included with the rural parts. Its inhabitants, however, include 16-8 per cent, of male workers employed in engineering. The numbers of military officers and men in barracks, &c., were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 922 909 1,149 ► op E)irfland\'i Feccfif Progress. of OIIR. Uain. Ml \n «o 1-1 eo CM -J = "a c ^ 00 n CO t~ CM CM 00 CM 00 5 h ^ 52 UI % CO CO CO CO 1!*< CO 00 00 CO t~ M ■-( tH (M 1-1 lO *"' "" i-H « m tH cf uT ^ t- 10 X CO CO rt< CO lO 10 CM ^ ^ 3 T' ,-1 !M -* -x CO CO LO 1—4 l- lO 10 t- L^ L~ CO c\ LO 1—1 o ^ -5 00 00 "* 1-1 '"' L- _CT__ — -^ — ^ ■=i _-_; Ci ■>s< t- I— tH t- lO ■<*< a g CO 00 ^ t- 00 >o r-l t- lO •>*< t- 00 00 *■ — ^ n ^ 00 -* CM CD (M lO CD_ 00 CM 1-1 .CJ .*3 1^ a 00 10 CO iH Oi GO t^ CO 10 lO — -H Tj( (M y-t tH 1-1 i-l iH iH T-t 8 _• - - i 1 CM CO ■* Tj< CI 00 10 01 t- -# = 5.0 CM S"S 1 . m 00 10 t- >*< CO 00 CO S » 1 5 CO 'J' (M CO t- 1-0 ■* CJ CM 10 ?D CI 2 If •* 00 t- t- "O CO LO LO -* Ttl !>• i^ a 00 CM t~ ^ •ril CO 10 t^ CO CI C5 =S ^ •^ CO L- ■X) Ci CO CO 0^ 1^ 00 t> 5; -^ 1-1 ^ cf CO t>^ CI «i_-^ lO Q 00 lii t~ CO CO lO C2 ^ ■»♦( -H □0 t- a 00 •^ LO CO »H -H CO 1*( ||.2| 00 CM 05 CO t~ CO tr- cr> -o ■^ -* ^ 1-1 t-l 1-1 1-1 CM _: . — ■ — . w _, 'O c; c — it3 S — "^ LO UO cr> 10 10 LO 10 LO a ri < 5 d T* "* Ol o »o ^ LO 6 LO -• c CM o CO CO 1:- t- 3 '/ •- Cl 00 * w CI ^ ^ -^ tH CD 00 >o ■* CO S 5 -^ (M 00 >o t- CO a t- t- l^Jf 00 00 ^ »o 'l^i : s CO 1-1 1-1 CI CM Tj< >H CI CO cd" ._. ~M CI — ^ p ■* 8 ■^ Ci 10 LO 00 ^ Cl CO i^ CM Ci t~ CD 00 CO 10 s_ II ■~D L- L- t- 00 en CO E- d 00 ^ 1-1 T-l CO cq •5-2 --- -# •!t^ 10 00 I- C1 CM CD w ^ CI l-( a —1 00 ^ t- 00 CM CC '^. LO CO L~ Oi (?1 L~ UO CO CO CO 'JH t- L- CO &i*"^ l^ —1 CI t~ ■^' C?1 CO CC t- >o ■* Ci "^ ■* CM ■-1 T-l •H .—1 CI -■ -* !§ ■ 1 I • CO CO S d C-1 1-1 t- 00 CO CD 00 tr- LO c-1 1-1 CI iS= o CO 10 CO io —1 CO -* CO !M o> t- 00 ^ ^ 1-1 CM CO OS »=i 1— (M CM 10 co" — ( 00 2 2 tr- 00 Ol CM CO CO CO t- 00 10 00 ^ CI CO ee 1-H LO •^ 1>*I r— 4 •<*< eS ^^ X i-O c- 00 (M lO C5 CI -* §30 - QS tH -H T-l ""^ Cl ■* •<*( Q CO 00 CTi 00 01 »H ^ CM t- CO VO •<*( oi _-_; ;* Ol lO >o 00 t^ s rH a> CO ■^ o_ 00 •^ L- a ■* •^ r— 1 CM S ; '-^ "— * --1 t- •0 CM CO CO t- LO '^ Ci •<*( ^ •<*l CM CM 1-1 1-1 T-t g ^^1 • • • • • • • • CO ^3 " — * — Ti ^ ^ — — >n lO 10 >o LO 10 >o c 5 ct= iH i-H CM (M CO CO ^ LO lO CO tr- t- s g <»-. ii 1 ■0 i 1 d. 1 1 i 1 10 1 1 LO 6 LO S' a CM (M CO CO ■* ■5}1 LO LO CO l- Appendix C. 537 LANCASHIRE axd CHESHIRE (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Kegistration Districts. Census , 1891. Census , 1001. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. ISSl. 1891. 1891. 1901. Runcorn . Northwich . Congleton . Clitheroe . Garstang . Lunesdale . Ulverston . 17,447 22,577 18,589 11,825 6,367 3,568 22,229 22,575 25,927 18,489 11,439 6,367 3,740 21,655 23,311 25,927 15,796 11,439 6,367 3,778 21,655 20,116 27,843 15,741 11,392 6,014 3,434 20,871 16,580 21,465 19,421 11,668 5,997 3,564 21,452 19,942 24,351 19,168 11,769 5,784 3,607 22 , 166 20,667 24,351 16,571 11,769 5,784 3,626 22,166 19.619 26,892 16,793 11,985 5,846 3,514 21,922 *Retransfers \ (add). ./ 102,602 110,192 108,273 1,919 105,411 2,591 100,147 106,787 104,924 1,863 106,571 2,283 110,192 108,002 106,787 108,854 The largest is a transfer from Congleton to Leek reversed. The district includes : — ■ Boroughs, Urban Districts, &c. Males. Females. Population. Congleton (silk, fustian) . 4,850 5,857 10,744 10,707 Northwich (alkali, engineering). 9,015 8,596 14,914 17,611 Runcorn (seamen, alkali) . 8,385 8,106 20,050 16,491 Sandbach (agriculture) 2,764 2,794 5,824 5,558 Winsford (salt) 5 , 143 5,239 10,440 10,382 Dalton-in-Furness (iron mining) 6,619 6,401 13,300 13,020 Clitheroe (cotton) 5 , 309 6,105 10,828 11,414 Ulverston. .... 4,775 5,289 10,015 10,064 Rural parts .... 58,551 58,184 117,082 116,735 105,411 106,571 213,197 211,982 The industrial and mining districts are here of some importance, and tend to increase the average rate of mortality. The numbers of persons on board merchant vessels were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 68 1,119 536 538 Englatid's Recent Progress. «i : : : : : S c8 1 eo >o CO w 00 TjH H (M If 00 10 l-H t- CO ■<** 01 CO »o 00 00 ■* 00 c^ CO irj •^ C5 (M CO t~ CO 0<1 C<1 cq l-H CO eS -" 10 CO CO >*< -* «o 10 10 10 CO 00 oa CD t- OS "-• tH CO rH S k . . b 00 tH C5 CO CD -* 02 t~ R ■^ (M 05 >o •* t- --I CO 00 CO t- tH t~ CO CO CO >o Oi = 5 S 2 CO >-H >H ■^ -J* -^ CO 00 CO (M a -- -« (M CO CO (M OJ CO t- CO ■»}< •«H CO CI CO iH l-H tH iH CO rH C eo • O tK C5 CO CO CO GO o 00 iH (M rH O? CO CO t- «§• s eo" 00 r-l CO iH 00 t~ t~ -i< CO rH rH cO_ CO rH oTo «D Ui t- CO 00 »H 00 t- t~ CO m 00 t- ■* to t- i-t CO rH 05 t- oq 10 CO 05 »o CO CO tX ■>*l ■^ 10 »o CO t- iH H eo a> rH oi_-_: co »o ^ (M t- (M 10 CO t- ••# (M >o cr GO i-H t- •* (M o rH 10 CO iH t~ 5 o-^" CO CO eo CM iH C5 00 t~ CO »o -«i( -* CO (N >o CO P4 eo iH T-l tH rH rH IC lO 10 VO >o IC lO '^V, ?," = l-H rH 0^ (M CO CO >* ■* 10 =Y t~ t- c3 ^ o 10 to 10 >o tH T-H 01 C-1 CO CO -* -* i-O t- t~ Oi Q 3 c iH -1 • ; ; ; ; ; • ; • * • ■ iH eo t~ CO a tH j-t eo 00 10 m CO 00 (^= m i-H to ■^ iH CO U5 tH CO • 05 O 10 CO •<*< 10 (N eo ©^ iH tH rH 1-J of T-l 1-1 C5 «o 05 t- CO >c •^ UO t~ CO a 10 t~ CO CO tH •^ ^ (M iO -Si t~ 00 d lO t- ■* CO 00 CO 'it -* to to 10 iO CO CD t- iH CO CO to rH CO E; 5^ ^ Ci 10 CO CO CO cq CO •^ CO 01 (M CI eo CO "3-5 2 -i S s o » CO CO »o •^ rH t- >o tr- T)H CO iH CO 00 lO CO 00 l-< to eo Tj( ■^ t- o_ io 00^ CO CO 0^ CO_ o p-^w eo ■* ci" T-T 05 00 t-^ CO U3 >o 'dT CO CO tN TjT CO ■^P^ eo.H tH rH CO rH B ■3 ^ o gg CO 00 CO iH »o eo ■* t- ^ tH CO «:^ m (M t- CT> 00 Oi 03 CO »o CO tN CO 01 CI t- ■^ CO 03 c~ tH 0^ Ol rH •* ^ i-H iH rH 00 2 2 tH ■* >o ■* rH (M 01 CO o^ 00 ^ CO -* ■«1< C<1 o CO t- 00 rH •* eo 03 00 iH iH CO rH «i_-j cq' Ol CO -* CO 05 (_, Ci t- CO o UO 2 Js S I-l r-( is 1 CO CO 1 to CO i 1 i 1 1 Appendix C. 539 DURHAM AND NORTHUMBERLAND (Residue). Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. Teesdale . 10,305 10,511 10,511 9,949 10,472 10,452 10,452 10,405 Weardale 9,035 8,072 8,072 7,900 8,507 8,015 8,015 7,959 Hexham . . 16,704 16,039 16,039 16,832 17,007 16,907 16,907 17,879 Haltwhistle . 4,001 3,887 3,887 4,279 3,901 3,859 3,859 4,223 Bellingham . 3,022 2,648 2,648 3,313 3,085 2,794 2,794 3,028 Alnwick . 10,406 10,611 10,611 11,595 10,904 11,286 11,286 12,065 Belford . . 2,727 2,386 2,386 2,472 3,010 2,757 2,757 2,726 Berwick . 10,106 9,447 9,447 9,347 10,942 10,298 10,298 10,144 Glendale . 5,195 4,755 4,755 4,111 5,738 5,401 5,401 4,659 Rothbury 3,261 2,945 2,945 2,940 3,448 3,138 3,138 3,054 74,762 71,301 71,301 72,738 77,014 74,907 74,907 76,142 The district includes : — Boi'oughs, Urban Districts, &c. 1901. Population. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Berwick-upon-Tweed (railway service*) . Alnwick ...... Hexham (agriculture) .... Rural parts ...... 6,447 3,142 3,265 59,884 6,990 3,574 3,806 61,772 13,377 6,746 5,945 120,140 13,437 6,716 7,071 121,656 72,738 76,142 146,208 148,880 * This occupies but a small proportion (8-1 per cent.) of the employed men, if we exclude the estimated ordinary quota. The numbers of military and naval officers and men in barracks, &c., and of persons on board merchant vessels, were : — In 1881 „ 1891 „ 1901 133 military and naval 167 236 249 on board vessels, 158 228 Judging by their ages at the time of migration, it would seem that many women leaving these districts went to the adjacent mining districts p,s wives, 540 England' fi Bccoif Prof/rcss. .£ . . in >— Z. a CO ^3 _q_ sis o CO 00 o CO to CO CO 1-1 Oi in CO o 1-1 i|;| CO o CO 1-1 lO CO o CM lO Oi 1-1 o 00 01 CO CO o o o lO CM 1-1 1-1 CI • Cl o rH 1 co" « 2 1 1 ^ o t~ CO 8 ^ o CI 00 1^ Tt< Cl L- Cl 1 J= T ' l- c» -*l o C5 t- CO 00 lO L- ■rn ■M L- o li 1 ^1 01 CO tH -* CO co CO CO T*l m L~ Cl 1—1 1 M CO Cl rH 1 ""^^^ O 2, O CO ■CO 00 lO 'M ■^ o ■*! CO lO t- 1-1 ■^ 00 t- 2 - s""'" ?^1 o 00 -* o CM lO I** o CO CO Cl a d -# O rH o 00 o en o_ CO 00 •«*< iH CO Cl CO CO Ci X c» 00 t- t-^ in tn >* CO 00 CO CI Cl ■* -* -^Ik i-i Cl . 1 = t- <^ S ' o o o in in 00 CO b- to t- o C5 CO y-t CM »o a lO CM CM CO Cl o in ■^ rH r^ Ol (M CO CO CO CO CO -o CO o o CO Cl 00 o Cl CM (M Ol iH lO C2 (M L- CM L— CO c^ o O rH in o en 00 00 t- »o lO -* •^ CO CO (M CI Cl ^ i-i i:i< n o in o T3 13 -J 1-1 CM CM CO CO ^ ■* o o CO CO L-;- 1 " > o o lO o lo o lO o lO o lO 6 in o in g. (M C^l CO CO -* ^ o m o o a j: ^ • o ? d t- -H t~ •Til o CO -^ -* I* CO t- CO C5 Cl L- C^ —1 l-~ o en -rrt lO lO r^ CM o CO to ir> GO C2 CO CO CO o CO CO CO CI Cl Cl CO ■ ■ 1 ci rH ^H 1-1 cpTo CO o -a* o t~ o CT) CO t- '^ CO a o t- t- 5't' l~ l^ CO 00 CO CO o 0-1 00 CO CI Cl t- (M 'S* CO ■«< •^ ■* ■>*l •* ■>:»< •^ ■* in L~ CO tH 00 s» o2 CO CO Cl 1-1 male pula- ion, S81. cq S-l o CO tH t- t- CO L— 00 00 -* O in rH to CO o o lO o o o CM rH o CO o CO o Ol O^I>-_^ o CO 00 00 t~ Ci (M Ci in O CO Cl t- o O 0*^r-< -H C5 (Tl 00 t- o lO ■* T« eo CO eo cq Cl •>*( 00 ^(M (M Cl a" o '3 t~ °| o 3 c3 :0 o o ■* CO t- ira CO 1-1 t~ t~ C] S b> 2 l~ o CM >-o ^ CM rH CO to 00 o in o bo o o CM !M CO CO CO ^ co CO iH Cl rH Cl « o Cl CO 00 in o Cl C3 ^^ .-1 CO CO CO CO CO CO ■^ ^ in o t- Cl en Cl §00 Q2 -* CI Cl 1-1 "-=?■-; lO rH t- (M (M CO >o iC ■^ tr- l~ o o rH to t- 00 oq o CO o en ■^ en io rH en Cl O Cl -* S1238 t- t- 1-1 >o o ■^ ■^ o o t- CO t- CO CM O in ,<5 O-rl r-l OJ o 00 t- o in '^ •* co CO o Cl Cl ■<*< to Ph (M Cl =■ • 'Jl *3o o >-o o o o in o in a ^ ^.= 5 1 1 1 CM 1 ■CI CO 1 CO 1 7 -tl 1 'O 1 1 1 o 1 ^7 S| -s; a> o 1 o o lO ci i-O o »o o o o >a o 'O o m o. a 1 r-l rH CI 01 CO CO tH ■^ "O o CO CO [ Appe7idix Ct 541 CUMBERLAND and WESTMORELAND (Residue). 1 Population (Males). Population (Females). Registration Districts. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. Census , 1891. Census , 1901. 1881. 1891. 1891. 1901. 1S81. 1891. 1891. 1901. Alston 2,253 1,666 1,666 1,522 2,368 1,718 1,718 1,612 Penrith . 11,527 11,170 11,170 10,790 11,724 11,406 11,406 11,415 Brampton 5,354 4,859 4,859 4,343 5,211 4,895 4,895 4,442 Longtowu 8,916 3,647 3,647 3,351 3,795 3,534 3,5.34 3,325 Wigton . 11,481 11,698 11,698 10,870 11,959 12,255 12,255 11,431 East Ward 7,276 6,672 6,672 6,383 7,239 7,055 7,055 6,835 West Ward 4,195 3,870 3,870 3,869 4.030 3,839 3,8.39 3,842 Kendal . , 20,114 21,843 21,843 20,298 21,400 22,930 22,936 23,182 ' 66.116 65,425 65,425 61,426 07,780 07,638 67,638 60,084 The district includes : — 1901. Populution. P.oroughs, I rian Districts, &c. Males. Females. 1891. 1901. Penrith *Wigton ■^Kendal Pvural parts 4,182 1,042 6,562 49,040 5,000 8,981 9,182 2,050 : 3,965 ^ 3,692 7,621 14,430 1 14,183 51,413 105,687 100,453 61,426 06,084 1.33,063 j 127,510 * Urban districts. There are other small iul),xn districts within these limits, such as Holme Cultrara (with Silloth Dock) and Aspatria, hut on tlie whole the industrial element is not important. In Kendal there are a few woollen miuufacturers and bootmakers. i^42 England's Becent ProgrefiS. G < o ^ « c n o = 319 * § MS « eo eo eo eo iO r-l s Tjt t- ■* 10 Tjl CO CI rH d tH 00 s a 1 « I-l »H iH t;- --9 »o nn no T»< iH CO cc iH CO a d 5"r cc ( 1-1 iH t- tH ie-ss CO >o U) TJ4 00 00 CD »o 1-* t- in iH i«i 01 ££-- to t- I-l t- t- CO 10 10 Tjl tH CO eo d d d 1*1 CO 00 s CO c« CO ■* I-l CO CI t- CO CO -* eo • oc t~ 1-1 CO I-l CI CO CO t- I-l -* I-l CO CI •^ CO -* CI d 1-1 iH • I-l CO «s Kl T-1 (M CI iH I-l o 00 I-l I-l 00 I-l «S' ->*< t:- OJ CO CO CO ■^ ■^ CO 1-1 d I-l I-l 1^ l-l I-l iH -g C5 t- ■* ■* •* t- iH 00 ■># 00 d CO CO «o Oi CO CO tH I-l CO 00 d d in gs t- (N n in U5 « »o in 10 10 111 1 CO 1 1 •^ ^ 1 2 in 3 1 in t- 6 u I-l CI CI CO ■^ •^ in in CO c- c APPENDIX. D. APPENDIX D. This Appendix contains : — First. The population and migrations at ages 0-15, 15-40 and 40 upwards in each of the 136 districts, excluding the rural residues. Second. The population and migrations at each age in eight large groups of districts in the twenty years 1881-1901. TJiird. The hypothetical gains or losses of male inhabitants ^;e?' cent. by migrations during thirty years from 1881 or from 1891, supposing the progress shown at each age at the next succeeding Census were followed by like progress during twenty more years. Fourth. A statement as to particular places in certain of the 160 districts where specially high gains of population were reported in 1901. 2 N 546 England's Uecent Progress. Male Population. Migrations, lSSl-90. Migrations, 1891-00. 1881. 1891. (K-15, 15-40. 40 and upwards. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. London '2,266,127 2,685,167 3,038 61,626 298 3,219 76,991 6,623 Manchester 401,016 458,320 310 6,531 723 2,920 10,808 343 Leeds . 158,965 186,578 1,680 4,655 178 1,139 3,784 893 Sheffield . . 148,068 169,891 557 1,670 478 1,605 7,659 730 Leicester . 87,704 107,233 1,071 1,781 825 999 1,232 812 Hull . . . 87,098 104,236 1,179 1,570 414 1,459 2,159 796 LivGrpool . 398,138 433,057 1,867 6,640 5,408 2,987 6,284 291 Birmingham . 345,773 394,501 804 ; 5,809 1,191 5,653 9,307 3,443 Bristol . . 146,414 165,568 390 5,865 42 1,774 4,785 784 Nottingham . 74,144 81,046 2,507 1,949 415 1,369 389 570 4,113,447 4,785,597 3,029 57,570 5,452 20,386 113,050 14,703 Burnley . 57,319 79,185 3,125 6,517 2,150 1,060 1,271 569 Stockport . 54,135 62,748 993 1 458 862 1,885 702 1,089 Keighley . 29,054 32,903 674 1 7 244 354 289 275 Oldham . . 81,008 96,357 1,448 3,211 987 54 721 658 Bolton 91,985 109,038 1,568 1,527 636 476 906 334 Blackburn 83,617 96,347 886 124 22 149 2,758 380 Halifax . . 1 81,074 87,148 180 1.544 354 129 2,313 466 Rochdale . 57,305 58,101 283 2,677 809 832 708 87 Ashton-under- Lvne 1 73,107 77,792 737 2,299 853 171 944 29 Bradford . 146,727 160,049 99 2,353 662 696 4,630 1,191 755,331 859,668 7,755 2.723 2,223 4,414 11,296 1,154 Haslingden . j 45,464 48,869 404 1,208 738 419 968 474 Bury . 1 61,645 64,797 1,122 2,303 1,042 598 2,383 725 Dewsbury 1 73,701 77,408 901 3,348 1,146 821 3'444 1,077 Saddleworth . i 10,693 10,868 258 I 429 332 329 926 491 Macclesfield . ; 28,970 27,816 494 2.773 394 490 2,179 *47 Leek . ! 15,226 16,218 236 1,003 106 62 906 67 Kidderminster 1 19,562 19,149 679 2,006 364 178 1,930 92 Todmorden . ' 17,095 17,930 202 t 342 132 139 192 32 Wharfedale . ! 22,626 24,308 249 795 210 46 *31 *808 Preston 1 60,331 66,893 308 1,230 882 283 2,408 *172 Huddersfield . 75,341 79,585 443 1,279 383 886 4,286 1,591 Glossop 10,769 12,192 8 77 16,793 73 388 936 315 441,423 466,033 5,288 3,892 4,639 20,527 3,773 Glamorgan group . . [ 370,625 491,662 8,138 42,245 7,959 3,139 17,591 539 Durham group 588,903 702,758 1,111 5,500 1,761 4,518 8,883 440 Barnsley group . . Chesterfield group . . \' 98,947 \ 169,899 118,676 160 1,742 173 1,187 2,141 *633 204,833 146 447 409 4,518 5,422 1,520 Isuneaton. 15,600 18,493 350 58 2 1,020 2,216 875 Ashby-de-la- Zouch . \\ 17,008 18,521 155 1,117 273 229 182 116 Wigan group. 218,175 262,880 699 3,993 376 1,258 2,420 *2,7i5 Wrexham . 28,351 32,101 85 358 40 185 214 96 Cannock . 18,946 21,223 274 1,004 183 247 356 196 1,526,454 1,871,147 9,968 50,496 5,574 13,415 83,445 650 * These districts contain important lunatic asylums. Appendix D. 647 Female Population. Migrations, 1881-90. Migrations, 1891-00. 1881. 1891. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. 0-15. ,, .„ 40 and "-^°- upwards. London . Manchester . Leeds . Sheffield . . Leicester . Hull . . . Liverpool . Birmingham . Bristol Nottingham . 2,540,158 440,718 168,564 149,485 95,406 90,992 419,681 365,151 170,396 85,119 3,003,000 500,066 200,466 172,691 118,036 109,453 466,928 420,629 190,534 96,032 7,484 890 2,007 932 1,448 1,067 1,896 81 426 1,707 131,035 13,790 7,666 1,079 4,377 2,920 7,431 147 702 1,246 28,460 4,986 341 1,590 645 6 6,677 2,510 1,425 202 4,955 2,352 1,098 1,669 1,492 1,452 3,578 5,832 1,713 2,314 158,979 19,341 7,083 4,553 4,671 3,744 14,895 16,794 2,671 2,554 24.291 4,196 231 879 742 15 4.665 1,559 10 1,044 4,525,670 5,277,835 10,570 168,989 8,455 2,612 1,048 4,339 2,441 2,714 1,112 1. 371 342 2,771 45,540 21,827 235,285 33,030 Burnley . Stockport . Keighley . Oldham . Bolton Blackburn Halifax Rochdale . Ashton-under-"! Lyne . . j Bradford . 61,015 63,022 32,067 87,453 100,420 92,337 89,366 64,607 81,232 164,855 86,094 72,538 36.336 104,796 117,761 108,556 98,134 65,752 87,284 181,832 3,782 1,083 681 1,666 1,921 1,261 284 469 187 404 2,401 180 148 646 514 36 1,178 1,756 1,402 2,130 1,109 1,315 400 202 553 326 55 780 333 261 4,832 3,397 1,460 364 2,676 1,173 352 898 579 1,096 823 755 63 1,188 504 988 1,187 920 255 2,776 836,374 959,083 10,376 23,779 3,86s 4,812 16,827 6,177 Haslingden . Bury . Dewsbury Saddleworth . Macclesfield . Leek . Kidderminster Todmorden . Wharfedale . Preston . Huddersfield . Glossop . 49,829 67,963 80,011 11,606 83,043 16,012 21,380 18,432 24,079 68,838 81,096 12,781 54,539 72.608 85,188 11,594 32,508 17,187 21,985 19,655 26,948 76,648 88,814 14,605 159 689 763 219 630 337 394 100 162 96 28 160 244 317 1,593 485 1,406 691 1,310 3 429 1,284 859 365 800 1,420 1,637 339 710 212 456 247 223 98 820 11 377 507 576 270 529 7 322 129 95 66 952 257 176 305 1,641 677 1,126 353 1,216 196 871 138 2,027 587 896 1,087 1,658 526 *478 81 315 212 *491 348 2,266 471 485,070 522,279 3,417 3, "2 6,755 4,073 7,179 7,847 Glamorgan "1 group . . j Durham group Barnsley 1 group . . / Chesterfield 1 group . . / Nuneaton. Ashby-de-la- ■> Zouch . ./ Wigan group. Wrexham. Cannock . 351,607 568,516 90,970 160,952 16,628 16,526 213,969 26,849 17,176 448,422 681,433 107,012 196,704 18,901 17,847 255,557 29,694 19,324 8,005 2,042 570 19 230 102 620 128 267 17,690 3,188 1,783 293 340 1-307 444 907 1,355 15,337 3,188 1,859 413 12 144 318 1,261 no 210 2,839 3,739 691 5,432 1,106 107 1,857 136 66 15,214 7,231 609 3,300 1,715 417 2,452 281 959 2,082 545 •456 2,041 750 139 *i,937 102 87 1,463,193 1,774,894 10,067 1. 139 11,987 23,960 3,001 These districts contain important lunatic asylums. 2 N 2 548 EnqlamVs liccent Progress. Male Population. Migrations, lhSl-i)0. Migrations, la»l-00. 1881. 1891. 0-15. 1.5-40. 40 and upwards O-l,"^. 15-40. 40 and iupwards. Doucaster 27,043 ' 32,138 315 146 163 i 1,576 2,551 1,136 Kotherham . 1 38,893 47,443 324 686 184 819 1,507 377 Wellingboro' . 18,374 1 21,786 124 60 16S 696 922 224 Kettering 12,803 ! 18,052 557 1,459 330 379 1,028 347 Grimsby . 34,709 39,097 293 1.324 408 824 694 757 Swiudon . t 14,728 20,393 i 144 1,757 ! 67 493 848 35 Rugby . 13,685 13,281 112 1.997 ; 305 854 960 314 Crewe . 1 29,077 31,833 403 1,438 495 36 229 54 Middlesbro' . 1 70,169 83,630 1 88 947 1,042 160 888 810 WalsaU . . 42,144 50,367 ' 230 175 206 296 439 141 Lutou . 17,695 ! 20,238 276 935 145 245 313 313 Tilbury . . 9,309 15,106 1,500 1,346 772 1,244 359 158 Southampton 44,967 50,809 165 1.594 587 1,996 6,344 3,264 ■ 373,656 444,173 2,619 1,182 1 875 ' 9,618 12,626 5,994 Whitehaven . 30,100 28,799 1,630 3.550 1.447 601 3.799 1,015 Wolverhamp- i ton , . .j ! 182,504 189,904 4.854 15,056 3,282 1,706 9,420 1.375 Burton - on - i Trent . . j 38,302 42,487 783 1,850 444 467 1,074 *2I Falmouth 12,666 11,694 143 1,207 539 190 1.755 265 Helston . 10,810 10,048 318 1,566 38 218 1,202 71 Penzance . 23,680 21,728 347 3,751 749 222 1.639 339 Redruth . 20,364 21,926 205 1.895 429 286 2,637 39 Potteries . . 107,583 120,752 994 3,025 592 164 2,127 1.033 Stafford . . 15,331 15,201 514 1,220 *107 352 732 *362 Barrow - in - i Furness . / 25,575 27,273 931 740 1,732 604 1,442 789 ]\Iillom . . 6,389 7,623 39 130 53 6 588 63 Cockermouth 28,473 36,418 600 893 434 1,199 4,210 1,766 501,777 533,853 ! 9 748 33,097 7.906 5.687 27.741 5 736 Northampton 31,520 38,734 636 883 543 48 964 *123 Coventry . 21,369 25.750 108 945 209 221 205 1 150 Ipswich . 34.811 38,239 30 1,503 416 604 562 *872 Reading . 24,082 29,315 516 310 212 542 740 391 Carlisle . 25,253 26,200 ; 588 1.479 194 323 407 *553 York . . . 38,091 1 39,857 i 765 1,613 231 162 SG7 *341 Lynn (King's) 9,130 8,971 i 281 841 187 89 35 167 Yarmouth and ^ Lowestoft ./ 36,554 38,284 596 4,269 41 S7 1,475 1.335 Lincoln . 32,273 33,039 691 2,122 1 136 275 524 *662 Gloucester 22,676 24,486 i 406 926 190 467 52 *772 Worcester 19,452 20,242 | 237 : 1,286 154 21 677 313 Derby . . . 40,477 46,687 308 ; 138 659 31 778 9 335,688 369,804 : 2,582 11,763 276 [ 2,712 , 3,592 5,388 Chester . . 39,211 40,717 663 ! 2,201 j 128 70 ! 2,014 *32 Wakefield. . 45,283 1 50,636 ■ 648 313 270 514 233 *76 Norwich . 51,535 1 58,481 61 1,688 775 249 3,216 *402 Maidstone . , 21,984 23,148 486 1,348 499 33 1.202 *618 Exeter . . 39,135 41,195 ! 95 2,398 I 643 ; 35 2,498 *732 Cambridge . 16,521 16,926 4 1,538 1 20 1 14 1.335 68 Oxford . . \ 24,139 25,806 165 1,608 1 87 80 I 1,761 *350 ' 237,808 256,909 2,117 1 1,094 1 1,626 835 11,793 2,126 These districts contain important lunatic asylums. Appendix D. 549 Female Population. 1881. Doncaster Rotherham Wellingboro' Kettering , Grimsby Swindon Rugby. Crewe . Middlesbro' Walsall Luton . Tilbury Southampton Whitehaven Wolverhamp- ton . Burton - on - Trent . Falmouth Helston . Penzance . Redruth .. Potteries . Stafford . Barrow - in - Furncss ]\Iillom . Cockermouth Northampton Coventry . Ipswich . Reading . Carlisle York . . . Lynn (King's) Yarmouth and) Lowestoft . j Lincoln . Gloucester Worcester Derby , Chester Wakefield. Norwich . I^Iaidstone Exeter Cambridge Oxford 26,809 36,642 18,566 12,701 32,085 13,358 13,515 28,383 62,867 41,963 21,805 7,171 49,297 1891. Migrations, 1881-90. 0-15. 31,343 44,141 21,867 17,454 39,629 18,335 14,205 31,265 77,570 49,745 24,618 12,204 55,777 287 270 180 473 360 40 and I upwards. 365,162 438,153 1,783 154 360 29,192 182,808 35,565 12,891 12,871 26,631 25,764 106,831 15,222 21,684 5,836 28,316 29,164 190,489 41,046 12,757 12,109 26 , 548 27,317 121.894 15,389 24,439 7,254 35,258 503,611 32,724 23,730 38,254 25,035 27,500 38,604 10,076 40,156 32,239 24,232 21,924 41,686 40,583 27,254 42,561 30,739 28,985 41,658 10,082 45,473 34,230 26,421 23,724 48,390 366,160 400,100 Migrations, 1891-00. 1,454 2,766 5,215 15.130 889 543,664 9,920 27,346 8,331 40,150 43,830 59,343 23,131 46,702 18,842 26,770 258,768 41,995 49,068 06,697 24,904 49,226 20,057 30,614 282,501 ,114 1,119 271 560 839 681 493 644 372 715 1,410 775 435 256 227 3,228 108 360 1,506 858 48 635 929 466 322 4,120 216 0-15. 15-40. ! 1,268 1,844 637 312 540 952 507 1,508 1,057 1,728 585 1,130 456 526 37 536 248 163 1,764 30 466 196 349 2,434 43 4,908 40 and upwards. 712 111 253 446 426 371 161 7 740 244 71 9 ,748 9,115 905 2,568 652 36 229 197 202 11 207 505 3 1,126 6,619 223 143 679 341 217 7 29 114 233 431 159 72 2,648 175 476 22 28 107 99 34 11,164 ; 3,819 3,141 8,587 1,902 408 952 1,027 1,617 976 614 1,293 508 3,500 24,525 155 859 298 1,266 870 741 156 581 56 667 271 556 1,004 2,158 *i7o 155 317 359 403 1,507 *50 772 136 1,144 8,075 *217 . 44 *731 576 *418 *22 2 283 *387 *635 227 70 4,038 j 3,476 837 554 659 823 898 411 453 *11 *223 *215 *118 *163 89 "826 429 4,635 I 521 * These districts contain important lunatic asylums. 5^0 Englayid's Recent Progress. Male Population. Migrations, 1881-90. Migrations, 1891-00. 1881. 1891. fr-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. Chatham . 46,778 58,116 436 8,195 220 1,202 6,062 426 Plymouth 77,422 88,367 1.073 2,265 522 1,108 6,159 1,651 Portsmouth . 86,490 104,265 215 3,428 1,156 933 2,927 *2,365 Aldershot . 12,008 13,417 325 140 128 451 1,259 202 St. German's. 7,775 8,697 212 182 139 273 1,518 62 Folkestone . 16,290 19,420 39 741 38 466 2,395 614 Farnham . 22,701 29,032 782 4,434 920 125 2,667 337 Colchester 13,922 17,525 127 1,526 18 82 26 88 Sheerness . 9,917 10,070 452 284 510 160 2,630 401 Dover . 17,997 20,200 285 141 281 761 1,197 654 Canterbury . 8,476 9,132 19s 193 18 153 249 ! 184 Salisbury . 16,892 16,683 372 1,728 53 214 186 *471 Weymouth 16,565 16,547 104 580 974 335 4,799 1 102 Deal . . . 14,143 14,370 59 1,301 86 228 260 1 92 Godstone . 9,295 9,462 88 179 15 268 1,074 1 *794 Windsor . 15,882 17,061 98 773 10,756 47 243 514 1 137 392,553 452,364 2,232 1,319 6,126 38,300 6,926 Maidenhead . 8,240 9,950 307 150 203 204 434 ' 202 Easthampstead 6.769 6,846 41 842 80 280 807 *.. Brentwood 9,191 10,593 575 92 435 482 1,007 *1,087 24,200 27,889 923 900 718 866 1,134 1,239 Blackpool . 19,318 25,669 1,085 997 1,518 2,951 6,780 4,185 Llandudno . 8,731 11,152 893 388 487 652 1,575 818 Bournemouth 12,419 22,849 1,664 4,157 2,274 557 354 1,611 Morecambe . 20,269 25,593 445 1,528 1,168 1,086 2,289 *1,844 Harrogate 10,440 12,061 476 261 494 1,085 2,155 1 1,898 Watford . . 26,018 31,372 1,474 499 1,102 2,262 1,823 *2,027 Guildford 21,175 25,068 942 182 397 1,067 1,015 1*1,023 Southend . 12,696 15,029 338 61 16 1,882 3,218 1 2,282 Uxbridge . 13,519 14,690 72 677 230 1,079 581 * 1,093 Clacton and ( Harwich . / 17,185 18,564 123 1,168 209 324 390 474 161,770 202,047 7,012 4,222 7,477 12,945 20,130 16,205 Bath . . . 30,129 32,264 409 1,807 516 158 2,691 1 256 Bedford . . 20,366 24,114 1,149 757 323 902 1,787 421 Eastbourne . 12,985 17,758 711 742 646 1,013 260 358 Poole . . . 9,027 12,853 507 575 494 193 263 390 Thanet . . 23,499 25,516 1,596 2,540 411 2,902 1,051 1,072 Tunbridge 23,675 26,682 283 1,367 435 650 1,058 557 Hastings . 28,479 34,783 1,029 244 1,221 743 1,944 1,101 Worthing. 12,264 14,538 597 622 516 785 314 ! 870 Brighton . 65,509 71,503 494 3,278 494 617 1,667 1,470 Weston-super- 1 Mare . . / 18,443 19,158 192 1,841 183 510 1,013 561 Cromer . 8,353 9,229 17 427 141 150 26 243 Carried ^ forward/ 252,729 287,898 6,950 11,566 5,380 8,623 12,074 7,299 * These districts include important lunatic asylums. Appetidix D. 651 Female Population. Migrations, 1881-90. Migi auons, 1891-00. 1881. 1891. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. Chatham . 42,282 52,942 893 960 393 1,005 1,773 461 Plymouth 84,690 92,882 434 694 36S 1,419 4,725 419 Portsmouth . 88,605 109,394 765 4,724 1,936 960 4,389 ♦1,571 Aldershot . 9,318 11,104 244 140 90 252 561 170 St. German's. 8,955 9,137 50 439 129 119 242 97 Folkestone 17,580 21,508 110 1,131 118 442 2,185 423 Farnham . 17,694 20,814 712 256 220 180 1,989 280 Colchester 14,452 17,034 210 373 57 116 66 37 Sheerness . 8,287 8,537 30s 622 332 173 160 269 Dover . 18,816 20,266 86 574 316 516 680 27 Canterbury . 8,584 8,989 138 169 27 184 119 86 Salisbury . 18,188 18,622 207 1,082 92 187 684 ♦81 Weymouth . 15,457 16,082 166 632 179 390 923 244 Deal . . . 13,931 14,662 3 770 155 124 368 36 Godstone . 8,397 9,451 31 220 356 186 1,025 ♦767 Windsor . 16,110 18,601 IS 496 9 94 590 105 891,346 450,025 181 206 4,426 1,810 5,041 17,201 3,925 Maidenhead . 8,705 10,518 174 143 169 261 78 Easthampstead 5,890 6,858 22 28 21 42 73 *83 Brentwood . 9,172 9,962 153 336 293 342 77 ♦892 23,767 27,338 381 190 457 553 265 8,871 887 Blackpool. 21,592 80,648 1,294 3,400 1,901 8,187 4,491 Llandudno 9,630 13,416 489 1,640 633 651 2.527 808 Bournemouth 17,036 31,368 1,880 7,481 2,736 708 5,230 1,869 Morecambe . 20,580 26,431 515 1,704 1,282 1,024 2,778 ♦2,126 Harrogate 12,195 15,097 395 1,042 491 991 8,571 1,450 Watford . . 28,606 34,414 1,106 503 928 1,964 8,712 ♦2,070 Guildford. . 21,591 26,608 474 1,304 369 477 1,816 ♦368 Southend . 11,710 15,242 607 286 423 2,051 8,947 2,562 Uxbridge . 13,995 15,582 166 293 251 793 1,065 ♦1,056 Clacton and ^ Harwich . / 16,290 18,839 226 437 82 541 28 514 173,225 227,645 7,102 16,680 9,096 12,387 38,545 17,314 Bath . . . 40,615 42,932 144 279 83 201 148 212 Bedford . . 22,568 27,338 938 773 403 645 79 500 Eastbourne . 14,771 23,468 702 4,211 1,210 588 2,182 338 Poole . . . 9,687 13,478 583 910 570 324 755 594 Thanet . . 27,322 32,334 1,485 656 606 1,805 998 909 Tunbridge 27,832 31,678 319 34 279 418 1,011 727 Hastings . 36,002 45,894 1,149 8,630 1,510 969 1,573 646 Worthing 14 , 100 17,856 638 806 791 817 954 1,003 Brighton . 82,671 92,970 685 2,895 334 1,098 8,670 113 Weston-super-l Mare . . j Cromer 21,992 24,031 215 502 318 566 248 476 8,652 9,543 27 312 13,380 24 95 275 230 Carried "1 forward/ 306,212 361,522 6,831 5,460 7,526 11,439 5,324 * These districts include important lunatic asylums, 552 EngJavd's Tfrcenf Pi-ofjrcss. Male !• oi>nlatioii. Migrations, 1S81-90. Mi-i atidus, 1891-00. 1881. 1 1891. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. 5,380 0-15. 8,623 15-40. 40 and upwards. Brought \ forward 1 252,729 287,898 6,950 11.566 12,074 7,299 Scarborough . 20,009 20,554 334 1.643 6 119 787 517 Rhvl . . . 13.935 13.538 IS 1,277 124 281 283 *609 Cheltonhain . 23,397 22,714 10 3 024 57 292 1,409 496 Malvern . 10,672 10,431 68 1. 141 279 243 671 *430 Reigate . 14,621 17,244 616 296 193 637 275 226 Heme Bav 9.113 9,655 319 1. 112 45 684 616 518 Staines 12,094 13,606 1,292 1,642 108 1,856 535 641 356,570 395,640 8,819 21,701 5,976 12,235 16,650 10.636 Isle of Wight . 34.932 36,482 220 1,928 344 142 2.018 525 Torquay, Ac. . 50,290 ' 53,520 176 3,144 622 218 4,679 385 Leamington . 23,663 23,963 323 1,851 142 165 1,598 *437 Southport 38,380 44,573 444 718 7,641 1,279 1,699 222 1,665 844 147,265 158,538 275 747 9.960 2,191 * These districts include important lunatic asylums. JMalks. Fkmales JJigrations in 1881 1890. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. Large towns .... 3,029 7,755 5,288 57,570 5,452 10,570 168,989 45 540 Textile : Burnley, &c. . Haslingden, &c. 2 723 16! 793 2,223 3,892 10,376 3,417 23,779 3, "2 3,865 6,755 Totals . 2,467 14,070 1,669 6,959 20,667 10,620 Colliery dit^tricts . 9,968 50,496 5,574 10,067 i 15,337 1,139 Industrial : Doncaster, &c. . Whitehaven, &c. . 2,619 9,748 1,182 33,097 7,906 1,783 i 154 9,920 27,346 360 8.331 Totals . 7,129 34,279 8,781 8,137 : 27,500 8,691 Old towns : Northampton, &c. Chester, &c. 2,582 2,117 11,763 11.094 276 1,'626 227 1,114 3,228 4,120 360 216 Totals . ^Military places Residential: Blackpool, &c. Bath, &c. . Isle of Wight, &c Totals Miscellaneous Rural . 4,699 22,857 1,902 1,341 7.348 144 2,232 10,756 1,319 181 4,426 1,310 7,012 8,819 275 4,222 21,701 7,641 7,477 5,976 1,699 7,102 , 16,630 1 7,617 ; 11,098 744 1,628 9,096 5,071 549 15,556 25,120 15,152 15,463 29,356 14,716 923 58,256 900 356,931 718 39,773 381 190 ' 59,608 271,055 i 457 59,821 Grand Total -^ 46,431 335-335 ! 33,648 25,465 67.318 109,184 Appendix D. 553 Female Population. Migrations, 1881-90. Migrations, 1891-00. 1881. 1891. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. 5,460 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. Brought ■> forward/ 306,212 • 361,522 6,831 13,880 7,526 11,439 5,324 Scarborough . 2S,256 25,495 128 26 54 75 634 550 Khyl . . . 15,523 15.416 34 756 85 186 43 *508 Cheltenham . 32,210 32,072 43 1,071 610 418 255 72 Malvern . 12,562 13,035 57 225 44 93 59 *298 Reigate . 15,738 19,336 435 685 125 755 731 90 Heme Bay . 9,754 10,511 37 510 6 641 513 577 Staines 11,680 13,286 376 431 93 1,033 196 820 426,935 490,673 7,617 11,098 5,071 10,541 13,666 7,595 Isle of Wight. 38,701 42,190 200 186 405 I 482 341 Torquay, &c. . 61,376 66,408 98 329 108 159 1,456 9 Leamington . 29,211 30,406 91 563 144 88 797 *389 Southport 44,832 54,634 937 2,706 1,206 38 943 428 174,120 193,638 744 1,628 549 286 1,792 485 These districts include important lunatic asylums. Malk^. i'EMALKS. Migrations in 1891-1900. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. 0-15. 15-40. 40 and upwards. Large towns .... 20,386 113,050 14,703 21,827 235,285 33,030 Textile : Burnley, &c. . Haslingden, &c. 4,414 4,639 11,296 20,527 1. 154 3,773 4,812 4.073 16,827 1 6,177 7,179 7,847 Totals . 225 31,823 4,927 739 9,648 i 14,024 Colliery districts . 13,415 33,445 650 11,987 23,960 3,001 Industrial : Doncaster, &c. Whitehaven, &c. . 9,618 5,687 12,626 27-741 6,994 5.736 9,115 6,619 11,164 24,525 3,819 8.075 Totals . 3,931 iS."5 258 2,496 13.361 4,256 Old towns: Northampton, &c. Chester, &c. 2,712 835 3,592 11-793 5,388 2,126 2,648 429 4,038 4.635 3,476 521 Totals . 1,877 15.385 7,514 2,219 597 3,997 Military places 6,126 33,300 6,926 5,041 17,201 3,925 Residential: Blackpool, &c. . Bath, &c. . Isle of Wight, &c. 12,945 12,235 747 20,130 16,650 9,960 16,205 10,636 2,191 12,387 10,541 286 33,545 13,666 1,792 17,314 7,595 485 Totals . 24,433 6,480 29,032 22,642 45,419 25,394 Miscellaneous Rural ..... 866 28,066 1,134 306,581 1,239 17,048 553 265 38,821 227,897 887 42,027 Crand Totals 42,743 196,723 37,017 2.S , 683 S9,9'J3 56,133 554 England!^ Ferrnf Prociresa. t~ ^ t- CO to ■* C<1 <^ <35 in o> 00 o TJ( g" to" »o VO" 1-1 ■* « 0" 0" ■"jT of iH 00 (M IK a lO iH GO t- ■<}< i-H CO 10 -<*< CO ^ r>. t~ iH t b (i if* h go' t-^ > « U5 ■^ •^ to CO t- t~ GO CO t~ C 1-1 ■0 s a Oi o? T-l CM ^ t- t~ t- 00 CO to "? 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CM o oq o o 00 CM CM lO CO ■* 00 CM lO tr- o^ CM CO CI' m lO o" ■* o" ■<*< cc CO oo" co ctT o" CM CO »o •. V3 Ov -* cri tH Ir- cri CO 00 "S ? 00 ro ? ? o o lO CO t- rj< CO Ti- r, - ? CO ■ "S M n CO r^ VO T? M i-H -* tH S £ M CO oi « M pa J <; (^ M t- ■^ C75 b- CM »o t- tH 00 CO CO o CO 2 o lO t- -*l CO T-H 05 t- o O lO ■* ♦3 U5 o tH O^ _ t- lO CM o^ oq •^ CO -* 1 co" o" cO~ t^ t^ oo" o o" rH cm" CO lO rt' « o iH rH iH rH lO lO t- o t- T-\ o •"^ Oi ^ t- CO t- tH t- CO lO^ ■o 8 lO O >o o CO t- tr- Appendix D. 559 a i? lO M 00 M w CO o 1-1 <; a if a s CO 00 o> ■* t- -* Q T-l T-l -^ ^3 u eS ^ P 5G0 EnglancVs Recent Progress. I 05 tH ■* iH CO CO CO r^ Ml Ml X 00 >o t— I-l 00 t- 00 00 X 10 I-l _; °l OT •<*< -* 00^ iH I-l 00 t- L- o_ = CO ■^ ■*" 10" »o" 0' cT oT iji CO~ I-l »o g CO t- ■0 ■^ •«ll CO oq 01 Ol s 5 c - 5 00 10 ^ 10 t~ 00 t- Oi CO C-l ^ 1 = 1 1-H CM -* ■^ I-l CO L— lO Ml l~ Ml O) T}< ■«*l CO t~ = bfl ■* CM Ml ■^ Ml CO X c-l i £ t~ I-H I-l iO -f. I-l « ■^ w e-l < r^ P4 X OS 1-1 oq ^H ■* 00 05 tH — r-l c- r— 1 oi 00 CJ3 Ml -• t- CO o_ CO Ml oq o c- Qo" oo" cT ^ 01 Ml t~ L- t- 00 rH X cq lO C5 CO ti X CO OC tT 01 CM Ml CM Ml CO ^ L- C-l »o t- X iO 00 I-l CO Ob ■>* ^ t- OC ^ 0" •<* t:~ cm" C~ v\ 0" q" 1-1 00 c^ t- t- -* M" CO CO Ol C5 rH 01 "O CM iO X 01 t- 00 CO C5 t- tn t- I— (N ^ ^31 rfi o^ t- I-l Ml 10 Ml Ml Ml o 00 c>r L-~ co t- j^ 0" <:^ M' Ml I-l 10 »o 'Jl CO CO CM r-l o >o t- 1* CM t- ^ Ti CO CO « "^ t~ ^0 r^ r^ C2 lO CD C^ CO C5 t^ C ^ CS I-H UO •«r 00 _ lO M C t. ■5 bo *o 6 Ht 10 0" MI CO Ml c CO o\ CI T-l lO 01 01 CM CO *< CO 00 X Ml t- I-l g oT i-l <:^ t- CO t~ ^ t- CO <£ <£ C- 00 tr- co o ■o Q »o 13 a M i 1 10 5 1 10 to 1 10 3 1 s S e9 CN CO CO "HI ■^ «o c- c- I Appendix D. 561 o of « CO ■* 00 CO CM CM CM T-l tH (M VO M M C^ l-l M M »o ro 00 -1 t- C-l ira CO o —1 o oi O >o Ol CO CM CO a:> CO iH o •o o '^l Ol O CO CO >o L- iO ^ CO ■rX 1-1 T-l i-i rH -* Ti M & Pl C, 00 CO ^ ^ .O O CO i^ S l'2 g fi< 562 England's Becent Progress. Hypothetical Losses and Gains. Numbeks per Cent, oe Male Population AGED 5-10 WHO would BE COUNTED 30 YeARS LATER (APART FROM MORTALITY) should the proportions migrating be maintained as in the named Decennium. Part I. — Places showing a net Gain in 1891-1901. Deceunium. 1 Decennium. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Large towns — Colliery [continued) — Sheffield . . . . | 106-1 124-3 Barnsley .... 107-4 111-8 Birmingham 90-9 114-7 Ashby-de-la-Zouche 67-7 108-7 London . . 114-1 114-3 Durham . . . . 102-5 106-8 Hvill . . 110-7 114-1 Manchester 108-9 112-9 Military — Leeds . 114-0 111-5 St. German's 110-3 218-2 Liverpool . 90-5 106-9 Weymouth . 81-6 206-5 Leicester . 111-9 106-1 Sheeruess. 76-4 184-9 Godstone . 89-0 180-5 Old towns — Folkestone . 112-3 173-9 Reading .... 105-2 111-0 Chatham . 128-5 146-5 Coventry . 118-2 109-8 Aldershot, NortL 84-7 144-4 King's Lynn 54-2 109-5 Farnham . 171-9 141-5 York . . 81-3 108-4 Dover . 97-8 137-1 Wakefield . 95-2 103-3 Plymouth 103-7 126-7 Gloucester 79-3 100-4 Portsmouth . 124-7 108-9 Windsor . 80-4 102-2 Textile— Stockport .... 111-1 115-9 Miscellaneous — Wharfedale 83-6 110-9 Easthampstead . 50-6 165-7 Burnley .... 182-4 109-6 Residential- — Industrial- Blackpool 144-1 376-5 Southampton . 84-7 198-9 Southend 89-4 310-2 Rugby . . . 42-0 177-6 Harrogate 99-3 272-1 Doncaster . 106-0 153-6 Llandudno 134-7 205-8 Kettering . 178-1 137-6 Morecambe 153-3 159-9 Wellingborough 79-5 125-9 Watford . 104-9 153-8 Rotherham 108-5 118-3 Uxbridge . 81-8 138-1 Swindon . 161-5 117-2 Guildford 112-4 137-4 Grimsby 76-5 114-0 Staines 62-3 126-6 Barrow . 76-0 110-6 Clacton . 68-1 124-7 Tilbury . . . 283-8 109-6 Bouruemoutb 444-9 110-4 Thanet . 67-9 106-3 Colliery — Reigate . 95-0 103-5 Nuneaton .... 97-8 180-1 Rhyl . . 58-7 103-3 Glamorgan 166-3 117-0 Cromer . 85-1 102-5 Chesterfield . . . 98-1 115-3 Worthing 82-3 100-2 I Appendix D. 563 Part II. — Places showing a net Loss in 1891-lOOL Decennium. Decennium. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Large towns — Colliery— Nottingham . 84-9 97-0 Wigan .... 107-8 94-0 Bristol 82-7 90-3 Wrexham 92-3 92-7 Cannock .... 74-9 90-8 Old towns- Carlisle Ipswich Lincoln Yarmouth . Derby . 69-3 79-3 68-6 50-2 97-1 1 97-2 96-0 93-7 91-3 91-1 Military- Canterbury . Salisbury .... Deal Colchester 99-2 57-3 57-8 1 162-0 , 98-5 97-6 94-1 88-5 Northampton . 112-9 1 87-5 Miscellaneous — Worcester . 71-7 84-2 Maidenhead . 100-8 1 82-5 Chester. 74-8 77-9 Brentwood 123-7 : 66-3 Maidstone . Exeter . . Norwich . Oxford . . Cambridge 72-2 73-7 88-3 72-6 67-6 76-5 74-5 73-3 72-3 70-3 Residential — Eastbourne . Poole . . . Brighton . Southport 158-8 152-4 81-7 94-7 98-0 97-9 91-1 87-1 Textile— Oldham Bolton . Todmorden Ashton-under- Keighley . Rochdale . Haslingden Halifax Lyue . 120-9 110-2 89-7 82-4 102-7 75-3 85-3 90-4 97-1 97-1 97-6 96-4 95-4 94-9 88-1 87-9 Tunbridge Scarborough . Weston-super j\Ialvern . Heme Bay . Hastings . Cheltenham Bedford . Isle of Wight Mare . 79-3 60-5 63-3 61-8 52-8 105-4 49-5 92-5 73-9 85-7 83-2 83-0 80-0 79-9 77-3 76-0 74-8 74-4 Blackburn . Bradford . 101-6 91-6 87-0 85-8 Leamington Bath . . 63-2 77-6 71-3 68-0 Preston 92-9 82-8 Torquay .... 73-8 63-4 Bury 78-2 82-6 Rural residues — Dewsbury . 76-2 77-8 Carnarvon 51-7 80-0 Leek 74-3 77-4 Leicester . 65-6 75-7 Huddersfield 91-1 73-2 Durham . 51-5 71-7 Macclesfield 55-3 66-3 Montgomery 39-7 69-0 Glossop 101-5 62-2 Stafford . 58-5 67-2 Kidderminster 53-9 57-6 Sussex 56-6 65-7 Saddleworth . 78-4 54-8 Denbigh . Carmarthen 42-5 51-7 65-1 65-0 Industrial — Kent . . 59-8 63-8 Luton 76-8 99-2 Salop . 46-8 63-3 Walsall. . . 96-1 98-3 York . . 52-0 62-0 Crewe . 74-7 94-9 Northampton 54-7 59-4 Potteries . 85-5 92-5 Lincohi . 48-0 58-4 Middlesborough 105-9 91-3 Cornwall . 43-2 57-8 Burton-on-Treut 74-9 88-0 Bucks . 59-5 56-5 Stafford . . 59-0 80-5 Monmouth 50-0 56-4 Wolverhampton 61-9 76-8 Lancashire 71-9 55-1 Penzance . 38-0 65-8 Essex . 50-7 54-8 Millom . . 79-9 63-1 Gloucester 49-5 52-4 Redruth 65-4 50-3 Hants . 60-3 52-4 Helston 45-5 49-3 Cumberland 56-6 51-7 Cockermouth 120-5 48-6 Wilts . . 52-9 50-8 Whitehaven 44-7 44-1 Devon 49-0 48-7 Falmouth . 48-8 35-7 Norfolk . 50-8 45-2 2 o 2 564 EngJayuVs Becent Progress. This last TaVile suggests an enquiry as to tlie points to which migrations were specially flivected in the ten years 1891 to 1901. This is unnecessary in the case of simple towns, such as tlioso classed as " large" or as " old," or in the case of Barrow, which district is co-terminous with the town of the same name. lb is, however, interesting in most other cases, and particulars arc suhjoined, showing the urban areas or in some cases the rural districts where on total population a gain of fully 20 per cent, was experienced. It will be observed that in Stockport, Burnley and some other districts the leading town is not mentioned, as the increase there did not reach 20 per cent. In a few cases gains below 20 per cent, are noticed, but this has only been done casually and not systematically. In order to form an opinion as to how far the gains of particular places by migration have influenced a whole district, allowance must be made for natiu'al increase. For example, the town of Morecambe certainly attracted more immigrants from outside than did Lancaster, although the latter place added a greater number to its population, Morecambe having a smaller number of inhabitants at the commencement of the decennium. PciCES SELECTED FROM THE DiSTEICTS SHOWING ImMIGEATIOX IN 1891-1901 AS SHOWING SPECIALLY HIGH GaINS OF POPULATION. Population (both Sexes). Gain per cent. 1891. 1901. Gain. Stockport — Cheadle and Gatley 8,252 10,820 2,568 31-1 Hazelgrove .... 7,868 9,791 1,923 24-5 Heaton Norris 7,164 9,474 2,310 32-2 Eeddish .... 6,854 8,668 1,814 26-5 Bredbury .... 5,821 7,107 1,286 22-1 Wharfedale — Ilkley 5,707 7,455 1,088 29-3 Burnley — Nelson .... 22,754 32,816 10,062 44-2 Colne ..... 16,774 23,000 6,226 37-1 Brierfield .... 5,834 7,288 1,454 24-9 Southampton — Southampton 82,126 104,824 22,698 27-6 Itchen .... 8,234 13,097 4,863 59-1 Eastleigh (part) . 3,613 7 , 779 4,166 115-3 Eugby — Rugby .... 11,262 16,830 5,568 49-4 *Bilton 1,894 3,509 1,615 85-3 Doncaster — Doncaster .... 25,933 28,932 2,999 11-6 Mexborough 7,734 10,430 2,696 34-9 *Conisbrough 4,499 8,549 4,050 90-0 Balby-with-Hexthorpc . 4,270 6,781 2,511 5S-8 Bolton-upon-Dearne 1,205 3,828 2,623 217-7 Wheatlev .... • 1,795 3,580 1,785 99-4 ^ Not an urban distrigt. I Appendix D. 5G5 Places selected from the Districts showing Immigration in 1891-1901 as SHOWING SPECIALLY HIGH GaINS OF POPULATION — COntimied. Population (both Sexes). Gain per cent. 1891. 1901. Gain. Kettering — Kettering .... 19,454 28,653 9,199 47-3 Rothwell .... 3,378 4,193 815 24-1 Desborough. 2,872 3,573 701 24-4 Wellingborough — Wellingborough . 15,068 18,412 3,344 22-2 Rushdeu .... 7,443 12,453 5,010 67-3 Finedon .... 3,197 4,129 932 29-2 Higham Ferrers . 1,810 2,540 730 40-3 Rotherham — ■ Rotherham .... 42,061 54,349 12,288 29-2 Rawmarsh .... 11,983 14,587 2,604 21-7 Swinton .... 9,705 12,217 2,512 25-9 Wath-upon-Dearne 7,048 8,515 1,407 20-8 Swindon — Swindon .... 33,001 45,000 12,005 36-4 Grimsby — Grimsby .... 51,934 63,138 11,204 21-6 Cleethorpe .... 4,300 12,578 8,272 192-1 Tilbury- Grays Thurrock . 12,397 13,834 1,437 11-6 *Chadwell St. Mary 3,391 5,203 1,812 53-4 *West Thurrock . 2,540 3,127 587 23-1 Nuneaton — Nuneaton .... 15,297 24,996 9,699 63-4 * Bed worth .... 5,485 7,169 1,684 30-7 *Foleshill .... 4,559 5,514 955 20-9 Glamorgan — Cardiff .... 128,915 164,333 35,418 27-5 Rhondda 88,351 113,735 25,384 28-7 Merthyr Tydfil 59,004 69,228 10,224 17-3 Newport 54,707 67,270 12,563 23-0 Pontypridd . 24,763 32,316 7,553 30-5 Mountain Ash 17,826 31,093 13,267 74-4 Barry . 13,278 27,030 13,752 103-6 Abertillery . 10,846 21,945 11,099 102-3 Ebbw Vale . 17,312 20,994 3,682 21-3 Ogmore and Garw 13,800 19,907 6,107 44-3 Caerphilly . 8,004 15,835 7,771 96-4 Maestcg 9,417 15,012 5,595 59-4 Neath . 11,113 13,720 2,007 23-5 Abercarn 10,464 12,607 2,143 20-5 Bedwellty . 0,743 9,988 3,245 48-1 Risca . 7,783 9,661 1,878 24-1 Margam 6,274 9,014 2,740 43-7 Briton Ferry 5,778 6,973 1,195 20-7 Glyncorrwg . 3,683 6,452 2,769 75-2 Bridgend 4,676 6,002 1,386 29-6 Not an urban district. .')(')() England's Beccnt Progress. PlACKS SKLKCTEU FKOM THK DISTRICTS SHOWING iMiMIGKATlON IN ISyi-l'JOl AS SHOWING SPECIALLY HIGH GaINS OF POPULATION — COntinUCCl. Topulatii-m (both Sexes). , Gain j per cent. 1891. ' 1901. Gain. Chesterfield- i Chesterfield. 22,009 i 27,185 5,176 23-5 Ilkeston 19,744 25,384 5,640 28-6 Mansfield . 15,925 21,445 5,520 j 34-7 Worksop 12,734 16,112 3,378 ' 26-5 Suttou-in-Ashfield 10,562 14,862 4,300 I 40-7 Long Eaton. 9,636 13,045 1 3,409 i 35-4 Kirkby-in-Ashfield 6,479 10,318 3,839 59-3 Carlton 6,627 10,041 3,414 51-5 Beeston 6,948 8,960 2.012 29-0 West Bridgford . 2,502 7,018 I 4,516 180-5 Bolsoveu 3,662 1 6,844 3,182 86-9 Mansfield- Woodhouse . 2,819 4,877 j 2,058 73-0 Alvaston and Boulton . 3,116 i 4,525 1,409 45-2 Barnsley — Barnsley .... 35,427 41,086 5,659 16-0 Castleford . 14,143 17,386 3,243 22-9 Pontefract . 9,702 13,427 3,725 38-4 Wombwell . 1 10,942 13,252 2,310 21-1 Featherstone 1 7,528 12,093 4,565 60-6 Ardsley 1 4,662 6,226 1,564 33-5 Royston 1 2,613 4,397 1,784 68-3 Darfield 3,416 4,194 778 22-8 Cudworth . 1,607 3,408 1,801 112-1 Ashby-de-la-Zouch — • Coalville .... 11,222 15,281 4,059 36-2 Durham Coalfield — Newcastle .... 186,300 215,328 Benwell 10,517 18,316 Newburn 1 7,963 12,500 Gosforth ; 6,674 10,605 Walker 11,341 13,336 Gateshead . 85,692 109,888 71,486 308,487 379,973 23-2 Sunderland .... , 131,686 146,077 Southwick . . . . 10,226 12,643 16,808 18,872 I 141,912 158,720 11-8 South Shields 78,391 97,263 24-1 West Hartlepool . 42,815 62,627 19,812 46-3 Tynemouth .... 46,588 51,366 Wellington Quay . 7,345 i 7,941 5,374 4,977 Felling . . . . 53,933 59,307 10-0 1 17,490 22,467 27-9 Wallsend . i 11,257 20,918 9,661 85-8 Hebburn : 16,645 20,901 4,256 25-6 Blaydon 13,171 9,623 6,452 49-0 Cowpen 12,982 7,879 4,897 37-7 Appendix D. 567 Places selected prom the Districts showing Immigration in 1891-1901 as SHOWING specially HIGH Gains OF POPULATION — continued. Population (both Sexes). Gain "~"" per cent. 1891. 1901. Gain. Durham Coalfield {continued) — Ashington .... 5,307 13,956 8,649 163-0 Stanley .... 7,879 13,554 5,675 72-0 Whickham .... 9,343 12,852 3,509 37-6 Anufield Plain 9,762 12,481 2,719 27-8 Shildon and East Thickley . 9,537 11,759 2,222 23-3 Earsdon .... 7,471 9,020 1,549 20-7 Ryton .... 5,553 8,452 2,899 52-2 Tanfield .... 6,819 8,276 1,457 21-4 Houghton-le-Spring 6,476 7,858 1,382 21-4 Whitley and IMonkseaton [ 3,008 7,705 4,697 156-1 Blyth ! 3,728 5,472 1,744 46-8 Weetslade .... 4,377 5,453 1,076 24-6 Chatham — Chatham .... 31,657 37,057 .. Gillingham .... 27,809 42,530 Rochester .... 26,290 30,590 24,421 85,756 110,177 28-5 St. German's — Saltash .... 2,745 3,357 612 22-3 *Millbrook .... 2,116 2,998 882 41-7 *Maker .... 1,328 2,274 946 71-2 Weymouth — Weymouth .... 16,100 19,843 3,743 23-2 Portland .... 9,443 15,199 5,756 61-0 Sheerness — Sheerness .... 14,492 18,179 3,687 25-4 Godstone — Caterham .... 7,298 9.486 2,188 30-0 *Warlingham 1,488 2,573 1,085 72-9 Folkestone — Folkestone .... 23,905 30,650 6,745 28-2 Cheriton .... 4,395 7,091 2,696 61-3 Hythe .... 4,347 5,557 1,210 27-8 Aldershot, North Farnborough 8,071 11,500 3,429 42-5 Farnham — Aldershot .... 25,595 30,974 5,379 21-0 Frimley .... 5,295 8,409 3,114 58-8 Dover — Dover ..... 33,503 41,794 8,291 24-7 Windsor — Windsor .... 12,397 14,130 1,738 13-8 Sunninghill 8,929 4,719 790 20-1 * Not an urban district. 568 England's Recent Progress. Pl.ACKS SKLKCTED FROM THE DISTRICTS SHOWING IMMIGRATION IN 1S91-1901 AS SHOWING SPECIALLY HIGH GaINS OF POPULATION — Continued. Population (both Sexes). Gain 1881. 1901. Gain. per cent. Easthftinpstead — ♦Sandhurst sub-district . 4,148 5,571 1,423 34-3 Blackpool — Blackpool .... Fleetwood .... Lytham .... St. Anne's-on-the-Sea . Thornton .... Poulton-le-Fylde . 23,846 9,274 4,656 2,588 996 1,412 47,348 12,082 7,185 6,833 3,108 2,223 23,502 2,808 2,529 4,250 2,112 811 98-6 30-3 54'3 164-2 212-0 57-4 Harrogate — Harrogate .... 1 16,316 28,423 12,107 74-2 Llandudno — Llandudno .... Colwyn Bay Conway .... Penmaenmawr . 7,348 4,754 3,442 2,710 9,279 8,689 4,681 3,503 1,931 3,935 1,239 793 26-3 82-8 36-0 29-3 Morecambe — Lancaster .... Morecambe .... Heysham .... 33,254 6,500 766 40,329 11,798 3,381 7.075 5,292 2,615 21-3 81-4 341-4 Watford- Watford .... St. Albans .... Harpenden .... - 17,063 12,898 3,603 29,327 16.019 4,725 12,264 3,121 1,122 71-9 24-2 31-1 Uxbridge — Southall Norwood 7,896 13,200 5,304 67-2 Guildford- Woking .... 9,786 16,244 6,458 66-0 Staines — Staines .... *Ashford .... *Feltham .... 5,535 2,700 3,661 6,688 4,816 4,634 1,153 2,116 873 20-8 78-4 23-8 Claeton — Harwich .... Claeton .... Walton-on-the-Naze 8,202 3,584 1,586 10,070 7,456 2,014 1,868 3,872 428 22-8 108-0 27-0 Bournemouth — Bournemouth Winton Pokesdown . 37,785 4,493 2,239 47,003 6,719 4,930 9.218 2,226 2,691 24-4 49-5 120-2 Thanet— \ Ramsgate . Margate .... Broadstairs . *Westgate-on-Sea . 24,733 18,662 5,234 1,847 27,733 23,118 6,466 2,738 3,000 4,456 1,232 891 12-1 23-9 23-5 48-2 >'ot an urban district. Appendix D. 569 Places selected prom the Districts showing Immigration in 1891-1901 as SHOWING SPECIALLY HIGH Gains OP POPULATION — Continued. Population (both Sexes). Gain 1891. 1901. Gain. per cent. Keigate — Reigate .... Horley .... Merstham .... 22,646 3,345 962 25,993 4,133 2,015 3,347 788 1,053 14-8 23-6 109-5 Rhyl- Rhyl Prestatyn .... 6,491 647 8,473 1,261 1,982 614 30-5 94-9 Southend — Southend .... Shoeburyness Leigh-on-Sea 18,242 2,990 2,108 28,857 4,081 8,667 15,615 1,091 1,559 117-9 36-5 74-0 Worthing — Worthing .... Littlehampton 16,606 5,772 20,015 7,363 3,409 1,591 20-5 27-6 Cromer — Cromer .... 2,329 3,781 1,452 62-3 570 KtHjhnuVx liccciit Prugrc.ss. Note as to Places with Increasing Populations Included in Certain Eural Eesidues. It has elsewhere been noticed that owing to the impossibility of introducing scientific boundaries, several districts are of a very mixed character. The same remark applies to certain of the county residues, and I here show what in 1891-1900 probably caused the whole of the gains by migration of the rural residues mentioned, viz., the inclusion of certain towns and parishes not really rural, now specified : — Residues. Sussex Population. Places. 1891. 1901. Kent and Surrey. Chichester Horsham . Newhaven Rotherfield (par Bognor East Grinstead Burgess Hill . Hailsham (par.) HajTvard's Heath 10,815 12,244 8,087 9,446 Gravesend Ashford . Milton - next - Sit tingbourne . Rainham (par.) Haslemere (par Cranley (par.) 4,955 5,099 4,620 5,180 4,145 3,369 2.452 6,772 6,462 6,180 6,094 4,888 4,197 3,717 Population. Kesidues. Places. 1891. 1901 48,722 60,000 :} 23,876 10,728 5,213 3,082 1,784 2,055 27,196 12,808 7,086 3,693 2,709 2,614 46,738 56,106 Essex and Herts. Chelmsford . :11,008 Hemel Hemp-" stead Hitchin . Hoddesdon Stevenage Hants and i Basingstoke Berks. Alton . Petersfield "} 9,678 ' ! 8,860 , 3,975 , 3,309 36,830 12,580 11,264 10,072 4,711 3,957 42,584 8,213 9,793 4,671 5,479 2,676 15,560 Carnarvon, Bangor . . 9,892 11,269 &c. Holyhead. . ' 8,745 10,079 *Llanllj'fni(par.) 4,968 i 5,761 *Llandurog(par.) 3,780 4,247 3,265 18,537 27,385 :31,356 Cornwall . Nevpquay 1,891 2,935 * lliese places are in the vicinity of the NantUe slate quarries. APPENDIX E. DISTURBING CAUSES: SUCH AS ASYLUMS FOR LUNATICS AND IMBECILES, MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS, HOSPITALS, &c. APPENDIX E. DISTUEBING CAUSES WHICH AFFECT MIGEATION STATIS- TICS, VIZ. : ASYLUMS FOE LUNATICS AND IMBECILES, INDUSTEIAL AND WOEKHOUSE SCHOOLS, MILITAEY AND NAVAL ESTABLISHMENTS, ALSO PEESONS ON BOAED MEECHANT VESSELS, AND OTHEES. If we were only considenng the progress of the nation as a whole, the question of the locahties where lunatics, school children, military and naval people and the crews of merchant vessels are aggregated, would be of little or no consequence. But our object being to discriminate between localities, any special circumstances which affect the movement of population in particular places must needs be taken into account. Lunatic asylums include private asylums and special asylums for particular towns. These last hardly affect the local statistics. But county asylums (and a few others which may be classed with them) draw a steady increment of inmates from all parts of the neighbouring country, and are often quite disproportionate to the needs of the districts where they exist. Lunatic asylums show a specially high rate of mortality. Schools, whether Industrial, Eeformatory or Workhouse, also attract children from a distance. It is natural that the migration statistics of districts with many scholars should show a consideral;)le gain at the school age and a corresponding loss a little later in life, which latter is naturally obscured by the loss or gain of inhabitants generally at the ages 20-35. School mortality is apparently low in many cases, scholars being usually removed when dangerously ill. Soldiers and sailors, like scholars, add to population at certain ages, but as very many of those stationed at any place will have departed within less than ten years, we must expect to find in military places a heavy loss of population at ages 25-35. In a few cases the rates of mortality in such places are exceedingly low ; the men are of course free from sickness when enlisted, and do not always, in case of illness, meet with medical treatment in the district where they are encamped. We have in the Census Tables sufficient information as to the ages of our military and naval men, to enable us to frame the Table shown at the top of next page. The estimated deaths are I think placed rather too high ; if so, the excess would operate so as to exaggerate the numbers gained or decrease those lost by one or two tliousaiid. The deduction of any sucli number would not matei'ially ait'ect tbe results shown. The ages of soldiers are dissimilar according to the local circumstances, 574 England's^ Becent Progress. Counted 1891. In 1891-1901. Age in 19^)1. Deaths (estimated). Result of Enlistments and Removals. Counted 1901. Gain. Loss. 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75 75 and u] )wa rds .. '528 68,346 32,515 13,308 6,112 3,275 2,389 8 622 954 3,386 2,450 1,337 1,225 1,260 1,785 542 42,104 48,867 '312 345 20,419 10,435 6,176 348 534 41,482 48,441 44,541 19,630 5,795 4,539 2,327 949 126,473 13,027 54,792 168,238 recruits being numerous in some bodies and experienced men in others. If we turn to the Tables of occupations in administrative counties and group these counties in the manner adopted in the case of registration counties, we arrive at the following figures for 1901 : — Groups of Administrative Counties. Ages of Army, Navy and Marines. Totel. 10-15. 15-25. 25-45. 45-65. 65 and upwards. 61,824 200 35,148 21,124 3,892 1,460 43,471 173 22,456 18,321 2,054 467 17,420 51 8,461 7,674 945 289 7,640 13 4,774 2,502 287 64 7,248 25 3,819 2,982 359 63 6,085 23 3,813 1,924 284 41 3,864 5 2,319 1,305 191 44 2,743 5 989 975 528 246 17,943 39 8,144 7,364 1,794 602 168,288 534 89,923 64,171 10,334 3,276 Proportion per cent, aged 15-25. Metropolitan Counties . Hants and Berks . Devon Wilts and Dorset . Lancashire and Chesliire York Cornwall Sussex Other counties The Table on page 107 shows that the largest numbers of cadets were enumerated at Weymouth (Portland) and St. German's (the Hamoaze). That on page 109 points to a good number being found at Easthampstead (Sandhurst). The floating population " on board vessels " is to a certain extent an accidental quantity. Any special gain or loss due to this element has little to do with the prosperity of the place where it occurs. At Grimsby and Yarmouth, for instance, many were enumerated in 1881, but much smaller numbers in 1891. The effect was to turn an increase in 1881-1891 into a loss of population at the former place, and greatly to increase the apparent loss at the latter place. In the case of lunatics and imbecile persons the Census supplies a return as to their ages, which is here inserted, as it serves amongst other Appendix E. 575 things to show how many of these are unmarried, and to what extent the existence of a county asylum may affect the numbers of bachelors at the age 20-45. The numbers shown in the Tables next following represent the " special inmates " in the institutions mentioned, and the proportions of such inmates to total population. It will be seen that only about two-thirds of the lunatic and imbecile inhabitants are in asylums. Information contained in the 1891 Census volumes shows that there were then : — Mentally deranged. Males. Females. In public asylums .... ,, private asylums .... ,, workhouses .... Elsewhere ..... 27,138 31,960 2,004 2,591 7,383 8,992 8,867 8,448 45,392 51,991 Of these the first two lines are included in the appended Tables, and also the inmates of poor law asylums for feeble-minded persons, viz. : — - In Godstone district „ Watford ,, Dartford Males. 927 841 1,090 967 893 Females. 1,065 The rest of the mentally deranged persons in workhouses are undistin- guishable from ordinary paupers. Numbers op Lunatics and Imbeciles at each age in England and Wales IN 1901. lunatics. Imbecile and Feeble-Minded. Male. Female. Males. Females. Unmarried. 1 S s c ■a .S 3 S 1 a a 73 .s 1 Widowed. .2 3 S a •6 .2 3 ■6 o 0-5. . 5 3 i 249 193 5-10 . 40 38 1,182 887 10-15 . 98 90 2,193 .. 1,653 15-20 . 620 1 1 435 2! .. 3,158 1 2,443 3 20-25 . 1,484 35 1 1,403 138, 2 3,015 15 1 2,523 22 4 25-35 . 5,716 883 34 4,920 l,64ll 82 4,582 108 17 4 , 149 129 30 35-45 . 6,245 2,802 201 5,848 3,852, 507 3,007 259 24 3,230 28() 78 45-55 . 4,582 3,526 508 5,003 4,5101,284 1,898 427 87 2,320 358 193 55-65 . 2,745 2,727 771 3,622 3,4541,789 1,171 499 215 1,498 409 436 65-75 . 1,211 1,407 825 1.886 1,6631,800 519 467 420 824 279 822 75-85 . 300 358 396 558 458 962 183 256 381 360 127 840 85 and l upwards / 37 20 44 76 29 134 1 31 25 90 73 19 214 22,983 11,819 2,781 23,882 15,747 6,560 21,188 2,057 1,235 20,153 1,632 2,617 576 England's Recent Progress. Numbers of Persons enumerated as Special Inmates op Lunatic and Idiot Asylums AND OP Barracks, Quarters and H.M. Ships. Lunatics and Idiots (ilale). Lunatics and Idiots (Female). In Barracks, Quarters and H.M. .Ships. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. 10 Large towns . . . 5,819 7,769 11,454 7,306 10,047 14,779 11,468 14,069 15,384 22 Towns (textile) . . 894 1,420 2,258 1,203 1,892 2,460 2,254 1,960 1,953 7 Industrial (Middles- 1 boro', &c.) . . . / 128 16 12 111 266 81 137 6 Industrial (Wolver-"* hampton, &c.) . ./ 6 8 10 19 18 15 3 •• 12 Industrial (South- "l ampton, &c.) . . j 615 776 885 570 697 768 952 1,096 2,099 9 Colliery districts. 2,585 3,796 5,238 2,533 3,813 4,902 2,463 2,481 2,937 19 Old towns . . . 4,739 5,786 6,551 5,371 6,649 7,391 4,098 4,331 5,180 4 Military towns . . 640 812 1,012 697 875 1,026 18,232 27,751 33,400 12 „ (other places) 1,166 1,322 1,310 1,350 1,604 1,451 19,752 25,770 40,500 7 Residential places j (with asylums) . j 3,813 4,257 4,661 4,563 5,221 6,702 679 703 1,622 9 Eesidential towns . 14 47 56 13 71 111 238 475 851 3 ,, (special) . 103 4 4 216 856 1,012 883 13 „ (other) . 411 455 513 259 296 447 1,299 1,190 2,164 3 Miscellaneous places 710 997 1,224 608 915 1,364 464 1,051 1,052 6 Rural (residential) . 1,467 1,560 2,299 1,927 2,184 2,896 2,206 2,454 2,768 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) . 752 887 1,134 957 1,030 1,346 918 797 724 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) . 585 696 716 701 830 885 585 719 620 6 „ (Welsh) . . 667 794 982 785 941 972 1,591 1,447 827 6 „ (Northern) 463 495 930 439 500 1,101 1,402 1,390 1,849 England and Wales 25,296 31,877 41,464 29,321 37,599 48,943 69,726 88,777 114,950 Appendix E. 577 Special Inmates of Schools (Workhouse, Industrial, Reformatory), Training Ships, etc. ALSO Persons enumerated on board Merchant Vessels, etc. (mostly Males). In Schools, &c. (Males). lu Schools, &c. (Females). Oil hoard Vessels. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. 10 Large towns . 12,084 11,392 11,844 6,829 6,754 6,450 16,898 17,263 14,861 22 Towns (textile) . . 1,151 1,251 1,272 46 65 77 35 657 387 7 Industrial (Middles- ~| bro', &c.) . . . / 823 1,121 1,260 57 1,198 1,758 1,314 6 Industrial (Wolver-i hampton, &c.) . / 225 148 ■• 29 647 1,250 1,074 12 Industrial (South- j ampton, &c.) . . J 60 7,502 2,804 3,811 9 Colliery districts 1,564 2,038 2,276 547 847 975 10,975 13,102 11,019 19 Old towns . . . 585 486 565 379 411 411 3,308 1,574 1,608 4 IMilitary towns . 70 101 108 34 86 3,982 2,442 1,655 12 ,, (other places) 287 270 392 151 131 184 1,365 934 1,762 7 Residential places "1 (with asylums) . j 666 807 779 446 392 394 81 371 351 9 Residential towns 334 467 534 50 291 274 1,548 760 636 3 ,, (special) . 18 10 • • 603 278 313 13 „ (other) . 1,472 1,595 1,184 473 464 401 2,214 1,022 1,351 3 Miscellaneous places 476 371 247 292 217 178 9 5 6 Rural (residential) . 1,103 1,286 1,080 366 438 387 2,799 1,819 2,315 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) . 101 113 131 52 71 1,908 038 805 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) . 284 209 266 105 87 47 344 783 755 r. „ (Welsh) . . 512 459 627 158 46 42 2,163 1,915 1,916 G „ (Northern) 978 1,202 1,284 46 161 1,574 2,775 2,007 England and Wales 22,508 23,393 23,995 9.961 10,323 10,127 59,114 52,484 17,978 2 V 578 England" s Bccent Progress. Percentages (calculated on Male Population) of Special Inmates of Barracks, Quarters and H.M. Ships and of Lunatic Asylums, also Persons enume- rated AS ON board Merchant Vessels, etc. (mostly Males). liana cks, Ships, &c. (Males.) Mercliant Vessels, &c. (Males and Females.) Lunatic and Idiot Asylums. (Males.) 18S1. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. 10 Large towns . •28 •29 •29 •41 •36 •27 •14 •16 j ^21 22 Towns (textile) . . •19 •15 •14 •05 •03 •07 •11 •16 7 Industrial (Middles- \ bro', &c.) . . ./ •11 •03 •04 •52 •63 •39 •04 6 Industrial (Wolver-'l hampton, &c.) . J •17 •30 -24 12 Industrial (Soutli-| ampton, &c.) . . j •36 •38 •62 2-85 •98 1-13 •24 •27 •26 9 Colliery districts . •16 •13 •13 •72 1 ^72 -49 •17 •20 •23 19 Old towns . . . •71 •69 •75 •58 1 ^25 -23 •83 •92 -95 4 Military towns . 8-12 10-35 10-42 1^77 •91 •52 •29 •30 •32 12 ,, (otherplaces) 11-76 14-00 17-84 •81 •51 •78 •69 •72 •58 7 Eesidential places ~i (with asylums) . j •53 •40 •94 •06 •26 •20 2-95 2^94 2-70 9 Residential towns . •10 •17 •26 •63 •27 •19 •01 •02 •02 3 ,, (special) 1-44 1-37 1-07 1^01 -38 •38 -12 13 „ (other) . •56 •46 •73 •95 •39 •45 •18 •18 •17 3 Miscellaneous places 1-92 3^84 3^46 .. •03 •02 2-93 3^64 4^03 6 Rural (residential) . •24 •26 •29 •30 •20 •25 -16 •17 •24 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) . •26 •23 •22 •54 ^19 •24 •21 •26 •34 3 „ (Norfolk, Ac.) •09 •12 •10 •05 ^13 •12 •09 •11 •12 6 „ (Welsh) . . •28 •28 •16 •39 ' ^36 •36 •12 •15 •18 6 „ (Northern) . •18 •17 •23 •20 ^35 •25 •06 •06 •ll England and Wales . •55 •63 •73 •47 ^37 •31 •20 •23 •26 Appendix E, 579 Percentages (calculated on Male and Female Population as shown) op SPECIAL Inmates op Lunatic Asylums, and op Industrial, Beformatoey and Workhouse Schools. Per cent, on Female Population. Per cent, on Male Population. Per cent, on Female Population. Females in Lunatic and Idiot Asylums Males in Industrial, Reformatory and Pauper Schools. Females in Indus- trial, Reformatory and Pauper Schools. nasi. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1891. 19(Jl. 1831. 1891. 1901. 10 Large towns .... •16 •19 •24 •29 •24 •21 •15 •13 •10 22 Towns (textile) . . . •09 •13 •15 •10 •09 •09 7 Industrial (Middlesbro',\ &c.) / •01 •03 •36 •40 •38 •03 • • 6 Industrial (W o 1 v e r -"1 hampton, &c.) . . . | •01 •05 •03 •01 •• 12 Industrial (Southamp-\ ton, &c.) . . . . j •21 •23 •21 •02 9 Colliery districts •17 •21 •23 •10 •11 •10 •04 •05 •05 19 Old towns •87 •97 •97 •10 •08 •08 •06 •06 •05 4 Military towns . •30 •32 •32 •03 •04 •03 •01 •03 12 ,, (other places) . •84 •90 •70 ■17 •15 •17 •09 •07 •09 7 Residential places (with"! asylums) . . . ./ 3^21 3-22 3-47 •52 •56 •45 •31 •24 •20 9 Residential towns . •02 •03 •14 •17 •15 •02 •08 •06 3 ,, (special) . •20 •03 •01 13 „ (other) . . •10 •10 •13 •03 •61 •40 •18 •15 •11 3 Miscellaneous 2-56 3^35 4^35 1^97 1^35 •81 1^23 •79 •57 6 Rural (residential) . •20 •22 •29 •12 •14 •11 •04 •04 ■04 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) . . •25 •28 •37 •03 •03 •04 •01 •02 • • 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) •11 ■13 •14 •04 •03 •04 •02 •01 ■01 6 „ (Welsh) . . . •14 •17 •17 •09 •09 •12 •03 •01 •01 6 ,, (Northern) •05 •06 •13 •12 •15 •16 •01 •02 England and Wales. . . •22 •25 •29 •18 •17 •15 •07 •07 •06 Males. Females. 39,668 . 1,664,874 . 2-4 . 34,012 .. 1,680,921 2-0 580 England's Recent Progress. It becomes necessary, in the next place, to distinguish (as is done in the following Tables) the particular towns which are specially affected ; and in doing so, it has to bo borne in mind that whilst the places containing lunatic asylums of magnitude are strongly influenced by the heavy mortality amongst lunatics, some places not containing such asylums exhibit in consecjuenco a too favourable view of their sanitary condition. Several of the most important institutions to which lunatics are sent from the Metropolis are outside its bounds ; and there is practically no lunatic asylum in Liverpool, Leeds or Shellicld. In 1891-1900 the total deaths of lunatics i)i asylums compared thus witli the total deaths, w^hich according to my estimates affected the population counted at the closing Census, at ages 15 and upwards : — Deaths in asylums ..... General deaths reducing population over 15 . Per cent, in asylums ..... Therefore more than 2 per cent, must probably be added to the death rates at ages over 15 of these three towns, to arrive at the figures which would be fairly comparable with those shown for places w^iere there is adequate provision for local lunacy. As shown in the preceding Tables, local lunatics averaged in 1901 2*6 per 1000 males, and 2*9 per 1000 females, if we restrict ourselves to those placed in public institutions. The average population and mortality in asylums was as under in 1891-1901 :— Males. Females. Average population (special inmates) . . 36,670 ... 43,271 Deaths 39,668 ... 34,012 The deaths in ten years, therefore, equalled 108 per cent, of average male, and 79 per cent, of average female population. In my humble opinion it is high time that deaths in county lunatic and imbecile asylums should, for the purposes of the Census and the Eegistrar- General's Eeports, be made the subject of separate records apart from the general particulars of population and mortality. The details which follow only show cases where the numbers in any class far exceed the national average. The effect of such excess upon the general statistics of migration and mortality is not calculated, but a Table is inserted as to mortality in county lunatic asylums, and a little essay as to deaths of lunatics in three notable districts. Appendix E. 581 Principal Places where a Material Portion of Population is in Military OR Naval Service (Special Inmates of Barracks, Ships and Quarters). Barracks Ships, &c (Males). Per cent. on Male Population. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1S81. 1S91. 1901. Military towns — Portsmouth 6,956 10,264 12,576 8-04 9-84 10-31 Plymouth . 6,499 9,672 9,403 8-39 10-95 8-84 Chatham . 2,912 4,875 8,199 6-23 8-39 11-26 Colchester . 1,865 2,940 3,222 13-40 16-78 16-46 Other military places — Farnham 7,301 10,039 11,476 32-16 34-58 32 44 Aldershot, North 2,840 3,116 4,389 23-65 23-22 26 20 Dover 1,628 2,539 2,994 9-05 12-57 11 97 Deal . . 1,400 1,166 1,585 9-90 8-11 10 08 Weymouth 1,397 1,815 5,110 8-44 10-97 21 67 Folkestone 1,302 2,150 3,679 8-00 11-07 14 66 Sheerness 1,222 1,494 3,576 12-32 14-84 27 13 Canterbury i;i68 1,507 2,045 13-78 16-50 20 42 Windsor , 952 796 1,484 6-00 4-67 7 50 Godstone 425 569 1,062 4-57 6-01 8 76 St. German's 117 579 2,495 1-51 0-66 21 76 Salisbury 605 3-20 Towns (textile manufactures) — Preston .... 954 748 757 1-58 1-12 1-07 Industrial — Tilbury .... 266 81 130 2-86 •54 •71 Falmouth 643 674 45 5-08 5-76 •44 Southampton 309 359 1,994 -69 •71 2-86 Old towns — Maidstone . 511 172 324 2-32 •74 1-37 Exeter .... 399 464 569 1-02 1^13 1-34 York ! 1,G17 1,368 1,559 4-25 3^43 3-43 Residential — Guildford . 433 232 1,125 2-04 •93 3-66 Isle of Wight 848 907 735 2-42 2^49 1 94 Bedford . 290 295 175 1-42 1-22 66 Southend . 466 620 732 3-67 4^13 2 97 Clacton . 347 217 715 2-02 1^17 3-17 Miscellaneous — Brentwood . 428 987 569 4-66 9-32 5-20 Easthampstcad . 36 64 483 •53 -93 5-90 582 EnglmuVs iieccnt I'roijress. Persons enumeratkd ok board Merchant Vessels, etc., principally Males. Numbers and Percentages on Male Population in the most noticeable places. Persons on board Meichant Vessels (ilale and Female). Per cent. ou Male Population. 1881. 1S91. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1901. Large towns — London 6,205 7,507 6,170 •27 •28 •20 Liverpool . 6,978 5,094 5,056 1-75 1-18 1^03 Hull .... 3,052 2,942 2,176 3-50 2-82 1-75 Industrial — Barrow-iu-Furness . 379 273 228 1-48 1-00 •72 Tilbury . . . 446 908 665 4-79 6-01 3^63 Grimsby . 3,804 945 1,071 10-96 2-42 2^25 Soutbampton 455 431 1,261 1-01 •85 1^81 Falmouth ; 1,727 1,076 452 13-63 9-21 4^37 Penzance 1,484 200 819 6-27 •92 3^63 Colliery districts — Glamorgan . 4,510 5,827 5,025 1-22 1-19 •84 Durham . 6,387 6,312 5,328 1-08 •90 •64 Military — PljTuouth .... 1,452 1,413 795 1-88 1-60 •75 Portsmouth . . . ; 864 246 375 1-00 •24 •31 Chatham .... 1,666 763 457 3-56 1^31 •63 Old towns — Yarmouth and \ Lowestoft . . / 2,552 477 738 6-98 1-25 1^69 King's Lynn . 235 95 161 2-57 1-06 1-57 Residential — Blackpool . . . 245 241 220 1-27 •94 •51 Thanet . . 797 167 170 3-39 •66 •56 Scarborough 257 55 51 1-28 •27 •23 Isle of Wight 603 258 270 1-73 •71 •71 Southend 697 131 168 5-49 •87 •68 Clacton 603 303 620 3-51 1^63 2^75 Eastbourne . 196 27 26 1-51 •15 •12 Poole . . i 149 120 99 1-65 •97 •66 Heme Bay . 118 1 1 54 86 1-30 •56 •75 [Military — Dover 305 365 1,014 1-69 1-81 4-05 Weymouth ... 409 171 296 2-47 103 1-26 Sheerness . 426 290 213 4-30 2-SS 1^62 Appendix E. 583 Principal Lunatic, Idiot, etc.. Asylums. Numbers of Male Special Inmates AND Percentages on Male Population. Towns (textile) — Preston. Wharfedale Macclesfield Industrial — Burton-on-Tren t Stafford . . . Colliery district — Barnsley Military — Godstone . Windsor Salisbury . Portsmouth Colchester . Old towns- -Maidstone Wakefield Carlisle . Chester . Northampton Exeter York . . Gloucester Oxford Ipswich . Lincoln . Norwich . Residential- -Uxbridge Morecambe. Rhyl. . . Malvern . Leamington (iuildford . Watford. . Reigate . Miscellaneous — Brentwood . Easthampstead , Male Special Inmates. 1881. 530 281 192 423 541 930 236 554 65 516 697 218 251 444 422 417 366 239 292 316 394 794 864 216 345 283 415 896 385 340 370 1891. 1901. Per cent, on Male Population. 764 318 252 224 552 703 927 147 248 667 132 660 646 294 307 533 723 439 524 238 313 358 470 791 ,231 279 402 266 445 843 421 520 477 1,074 727 324 357 528 735 885 149 276 858 145 626 808 346 451 612 883 484 568 288 394 393 542 979 996 304 524 382 433 1,043 332 741 483 •97 •50 2^76 •55 10-00 i'-40 •64 •47 •35 ■54 •86 •64 •41 •08 •09 01 99 ■84 98 76 5-87 4-26 1^55 3-23 1-20 1-96 3-44 2^63 3^71 5-47 1-14 1-31 •91 •53 3^63 •59 •85 ■28 •12 •75 38 76 10 14 92 ■82 08 80 •38 •81 •06 •85 10 ■77 69 44 1^52 2^68 1^19 3^41 •51 '•30 •75 -•46 •70 •74 2^65 1-41 4- 91 6-97 •32 04 •09 83 58 41 54 68 584 EnglaiuVs liecent Progress. PRiMCirAL Lunatic, Idiot, etc., Asylums. Numbers op Female Special Inmates and Percentages on Female Population. Towns (textile)- - Preston. Wharfedale Macclesfield Industrial- -Burton-on-Treut Stafford . . . Colliery district — Barusley ]\Iilitary — Godstone . Salisbury . Portsmouth Windsor Old towns — Maidstone Wakefield Carlisle . Chester . Northampton Exeter York I . Gloucester Oxford . Ipswich , Lincoln . Norwich . Residential — Uxbridge Morecambe Rhyl. . . Malvern. Leamington Guildford . Watford Reigate . Miscellaneous — Brentwood . Easthampstead i'emale Special Inmates. Per cent, on Female Population. 1881. 755 339 205 8G5 657 ,093 255 647 748 705 222 258 445 570 438 411 303 363 337 571 1,136 700 219 422 362 626 1,098 173 488 120 967 427 341 222 475 840 ,065 372 783 167 873 683 286 305 581 882 521 619 322 425 371 654 1,191 1,123 258 521 392 638 1,098 193 763 152 1,024 824 418 309 459 892 1,041 224 928 186 734 737 327 520 644 1,029 515 660 359 491 439 771 1,662 1,582 356 638 584 621 1,259 178 1,190 174 1881. 1-10 1-03 •58 2-40 •72 13-02 1-40 •73 •23 •61 •81 •64 •36 •22 •13 •70 •13 ■95 •05 •96 8^12 3^40 1-26 1^58 1^05 •54 3^09 •78 11^27 2^00 •72 •90 5-32 2^04 7^64 4^25 1^67 4^00 1^29 2-40 3^19 1^00 7-66 2-22 1^25 2^71 1^30 •68 2^90 •67 8-63 1^16 •73 •89 8^37 •56 ■16 •67 •90 •94 •75 •78 10-36 2-30 Appendix E. 585 Schools (Workhouse, Industrial, Reformatory), Training Ships, etc. Male Special Inmates in the most noticeable Cases. Special Inmates (Male). Per cent. in Male Population. 1881. 1891. 19U1. 1881. 1891. 1901. Large towns— London . . . 6,890 6,394 6,502 •30 •24 •21 Liverpool . 2,361 2,118 1,955 •59 •49 •40 Hull . . ! 306 282 298 •35 •27 •24 Bristol . ! 805 701 784 •55 •42 •42 Towns (textile) — Stockport 441 505 539 •81 •80 •74 Wharfedale ; 151 154 134 •67 •63 •49 Macclesfield 1 133 150 149 •46 •54 •55 Industrial — Tilbury . . 775 1,063 1,207 8^33 7-04 6^58 Cockermouth 225 148 •62 •43 Military— Aldershot, North 96 72 193 •80 •54 1-15 St. German's . 191 198 199 2-46 2-28 1^74 Old towns — ]\Iaidstone 83 81 8 •38 •35 •03 Carlisle . 96 33 41 •38 •13 •14 York . . 117 121 121 •31 •30 •27 Oxford . 103 71 96 •43 •27 •35 Residential — Uxbridge 258 169 229 1^91 1-15 1^24 Watford . 326 377 322 1-23 1-20 •78 Guildford 176 138 .. •70 •45 ]Malveru . ! 82 •77 Southport 201 235 220 •52 •53 •46 Bath. . 133 196 187 •44 •61 •57 Reigate . 234 298 286 1-60 1^73 1^44 Staines . . 1,136 1,155 800 9-40 8^49 4-74 Herno Bay 47 94 30 •52 •97 •26 Miscellaneous — Brentwood 476 371 247 5-lS 3^60 2-26 Schools (Workhouse, Industrial, Reformatory), etc. Female Special Inmates in the most noticeable Cases. Special Inmates (Female). Per c ent. on Female Population. 1881. 1891, 1901. IS 81. 11891. 1901. Large towns — London 4,420 4,431 4,079 17 •15 12 Liverpool . 1,113 1,071 935 27 •23 18 Bristol . . 264 216 260 15 •11 12 Industrial — Doncaster 57 21 Military — Aldershot, North 71 51 77 76 •46 56 Salisbury . 80 80 107 44 •43 55 Old towns — Maidstone 74 63 11 32 •25 04 Oxford . . 40 71 63 15 •23 19 Coventry . 68 67 79 29 •25 25 Ipswich . 21 45 129 05 •11 27 Residential — Uxbridge 185 137 171 1 32 •88 86 Watford . . 261 255 223 91 •74 49 Roigato . 39 25 Staines . 297 294 326 2 54 2-21 1 92 Poole 69 91 75 71 •68 43 Southport . 209 183 •38 30 Home Bay . 63 79 65 •75 Miscellaneous- Bruntwood 292 217 178 3 IB 2-18 1-55 586 England's licccnt Progress. NuMliEllS AND rilOrOUTlONS OF DkATHS WlllCU OCCUHUEU IN COUNTY LUNATIC Asylums, and other similar Places where Patients other than local ONES Al'l'EAR TO BE ADMITTED. th Brentwood . Godstoue (imbeciles) Uxbridge Stafford . Malveru . Watford (imbecil Maidstone . Wharfedale* ]Morecambe (w idiot asylum) Easthampstead (criminal) . Guildford . Gloucester . Wakefield . Rhyl . . . Leamington . Preston . Lincolnf Salisbury (Fis House) Northampton t Oxford . Yorkt . . ^Macclesfield . Burton-on-Trent Chester . Barnsley group Exeterf (with an idiot asylum) . Carlisle . Ipswicht Norwichf Wigau group Portsmouth t Yarmouth (naval) herton i Is umbers of Deaths of Lunatics, &c. Males. 1881-90. 1891-00. 654 1,086 801 705 580 916 614 812 448 461 813 1,145 746 975 59 791 894 716 147 437 511 961 275 378 734 501 246 383 246 352 293 295 396 877 353 273 246 337 583 511 126 138 567 588 908 317 423 1,114 477 248 482 293 470 356 376 429 989 263 320 416 1,275 520 157 Females. 1881-90. 449 748 628 463 330 865 611 60 672 32 466 461 681 240 257 682 415 270 313 247 253 267 238 249 706 456 346 219 248 368 468 429 1 1S91-O0. 854 829 898 557 411 1,027 829 754 916 27 545 515 624 266 444 915 420 276 359 256 364 279 257 343 831 411 Asylum Deaths. Per cent, upon total Deaths ascribed to ages 15 and upwards. Males. 38-4 51-7 28-5 26-3 26-2 21-9 23-2 2-3 27-4 19-7 15-0 16-8 17-0 12-1 10-9 8-2 12-1 10-8 9-9 8-1 7-1 7-3 7-6 8-1 6-3 257 8-1 316 5-3 421 5-1 773 2-3 479 4-5 3-0 51-7 43-9 36-6 32-2 26-7 26-0 25-7 22-8 19-2 18-9 17 16 15' 13' 12' 11' 11' 11-2 10-5 9-2 9-1 8-9 8-3 8-1 8-0 7-8 Females. 33' 54' 32' 23' 19- 22-5 19-2 2-2 22-4 5-8 17-2 14-9 13-0 10-1 7-0 6-9 10-5 11-1 8-4 8-0 5-1 6-0 6-7 5-0 7-1 5-4 1891-00. 48-6 55-5 38-8 26-1 22-9 23-4 23-4 21-6 23-4 4-5 17-4 14-7 11-6 10-9 11-1 8-9 10-1 11-8 8-7 7-3 7-0 6-6 6-4 6-5 7-3 6-3 6-4 5-8 5-3 2-8 3-6 * (Jpened October, 1888. t These are the county asylums in places where there are local and private asylums ; therefore in these cases all the deaths shown are probably those of persons brought from some distance. In other cases, as there are no local institutions, part of the inmates must be local. Notes. — It will be remarked that where the proportion of deaths in asylums exceeds 50 per cent, it means (subject to due allowance for any local sufferers) that the mortality ascribed to ages above 15 has been doubled, and similarly where the deaths in asylums are 25 per cent, of the whole, the ordinary deaths have been increased by one-third. There is good i-eason for the behef that very few deaths in asylums affect Appendix E. ;:87 population under 15 years of age. In several cases the county asylum is situate in a district adjacent to the town proper, which I have thrown into the town, as the Portsmouth one at Fareham, the Norwich one in Blofield and the Ipswich one in Woodbridge. Proportions of Special Inmatks op Asylums; etc., to Population in Places not INCLUDED in THE PRECEDING TaBLE WHERE THE NUMBERS OP LUNATICS WERE noticeable though the influence of asylums in aggravating general Mortality does not seem to have been great. 1891. Per cent, on Population. Males. Females. Males. Females, London Manchester Birmingham Hull . . Nottingham Bristol Leicester . Stockport. Middlesboro' Glamorgan Durham col liery group Chesterfield Derby . Windsor . Colchester Rcigate* . Torquay . Isle of Wight Clacton . 26 30 26 15 21 56 24 42 22 11 25 18 •30 •89 •43 •78 •24 •48 •24 1891. 1901. Per cent, on Population. Males, j Females. Males, j Females Rural Residues. Sussex Wilts and Dorset . Cornwall . Stafford, &c. Kent, &c. Salop, &c. Northampton &c. . Gloucester Ac. . Carmarthen &c. . Hants, &c. Bucks and Oxford . .J York . . . •72 •60 •52 •47 •39 •36 •38 •33 •19 •22 ■17 •12 * ('untain-s Earlswood Idiot A.syluin, wlieie tlie mortality is not so high as is usual with lunatic asylums. Places not named in this or the aving almost no lunatic asylums preceding Table may be regarded as within their ))Ouiids ; consequently, 588 England's Becent Progress. some addition to their mortality should he made, in respect of lunatics acconmiodated elsewhere, if we wish to arrive at a true idea of comparative saluhrity. The numhers of patients attracted to county lunatic asylums may be measured by taking an account of the special inmates at either end of a decennial period and of the deaths which have occurred in the interim. It will be found that the numbers entering in excess of those discharged are large enough to deserve attention : — Xot tfaiii, lSSl-1891, in Asylums. Ket g.aiii, 1891-1901, in Asylums. Net gain, 1881-1891, in Asylums. Net gain, 1891-1901, in Asylums. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Wigan (Prescot) 1,008 988 1,567 959 Chester. 452 296 573 558 Preston . 941 894 1,451 972 Guildford . . 458 466 564 540 Brentwood . . 834 724 1,307 1,281 Northampton* 485 436 544 385 Wharfedale . . 377 487 1,200 1,151 Leamington . 361 287 539 636 Watford (imbe-") ciles, &c.). ./ 758 857 1,121 894 Lincoln* . 542 440 511 478 Usbridge . . 587 084 1,108 1,370 Burton-on-'i Trent . . / 327 255 509 344 Wakefield . . 910 059 1,070 678 York* . . . 405 343 500 349 Barnsley (Wort-) ley) . . ./ Maidstone . 1,039 889 1,021 883 Morecambef . 1,261 1,095 481 1,375 883 736 948 690 Norwich* . 374 411 409 503 Stafford . . . 752 580 797 531 Macclesfield . 264 269 428 356 Godstone (imbe-"l ciles, &c.). ./ 798 720 663 805 Ipswich* . Oxford . . . 284 245 305 266 345 343 361 293 Gloucester . . 661 649 634 550 Rhyl . . . 334 273 336 366 Portsmouth*! (Pareham) . / 565 497 013 556 Carlisle. 349 283 315 298 Exeter*t • • 500 458 597 544 Salisbury . 253 393 278 120 Malvern . . . , 505 429 583 528 Easthampstead 254 64 144 49 * These figures are exclusive of local asylums for lunatics. ■f Includes also an idiot asylum. The institutions referred to in the above Table are nearly all county lunatic asylums. It will be observed on reference to other Tables (Appendix C) that all the gain of males and nearly the whole gain of females in the general population of Wharfedale is accounted for by the establishment of such an asylum in that district. The asylum at Brentwood also influences the increase of population there very largely. Appendix, E. 589 Deaths in Godstone, Uxbridge and Beentwood, and Calculation as to what Numbers would have ordinarily died, that is if the Death Rates had BEEN the same AS IN THIRTEEN " OTHER " RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS. Deaths (actual) Males. Computed Ordinary Deaths. Difference (excess). Deaths (actual) Females. Computed Ordinary Deaths. Difference (excess). 1S81-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90.1 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 15- 123 134 123 109 25 118 lis 109 105 9 13 20- 149 , 157 125 121 24 36 125 1 127 113 119 12 i ^ 25- 217 211 144 148 73 63 167 I 104 117 120 50 44 30- 259 257 155 166 104 91 207 , 195 130 136 77 59 35- 302 317 155 179 147 138 236 233 148 147 88 86 40- 364 401 184 190 180 205 264 : 281 152 162 112 119 45- 389 ' 454 190 202 199 252 280 316 167 177 113 139 50- 387 , 475 218 231 169 244 278 334 168 197 110 137 55- 390 491 228 247 162 244 302 370 194 226 108 ' 144 60- 409 494 258 298 151 196 349 415 235 262 114 153 65- 455 549 314 332 141 217 413 ' 495 290 327 123 168 70- 497 i 621 381 397 116 ' 224 1 471 1 580 363 425 108 155 75 1 up./ 1,346 1,646 1,215 1,361 131 285 1,445 1,935 1,268 3,454 1,523 177 412 5,287 (6,207 3,690 3,987 1,597 2,220 4,655 5,563 3,926 1,201 1,637 Actual deaths in a jylums 2,035 2,707 1,825 2,581 The doath rates at age 0-15 are nearly the same in tlic three districts named (containing important asylums) and in the thirteen districts, treated above as a standard of ordinary mortality. The excess shown at higher ages may fall short of or exceed the numbers of deaths in asylums of persons from outside the three districts, but it is at least permissible to imagine that the natural death rates at all ages are almost the same in the throe districts and in the thirteen. It would follow that the " dill'oronce " columns nearly represent " the deaths in asylums of persons from outside." The higlier numl)ers in 1891-1900 at the later ages may bo caused by the recent tendency to send imbecile aged paupers to such asylums. Tlie aggravation of mortality due to asylums seems greatest in proportion at ages 35-60. 500 EnglaiuV^ Recent Progress. Particulars are given on the next page as to the numbers and proportions to population of special inmates of hospitals. The influence of such institutions over general rates of mortality is seldom great, but in Canterbury, Beading, Cambridge, Oxford, and a few other places it is suflicient to give a deceptive idea as to their salubrity. The following Table of ratios illustrates this : — Canterbury Reading . Cambridge Oxford . Bath . . Carlisle . Southampton Colchester . ^Yorcester . Salisbury Northampton Gloucester . King's Lynn Cheltenham Derby Stafford . Bedford . Guildford York . . Chester . Plymouth Hospital. Percentage of total Deaths. Male-s. Females. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00, Kent and Canterbury Hospital . Roj^al Berks Hospital. Addenbrooke's Hospital . Radcliffe Infirmary .... Royal United Hospital . Cumberland Infirmary . . . . j JNetley Hospital, Royal S. Hants"!; ( Infirmary ji [ JEssex and Colchester Hospital,! ( Camp Hospital f General Infirmary General Infirmary General Infirmary General Infirmary West Norfolk Hospital .... General Hospital Derbyshire and General Infirmary . Staffordshire General Infirmary General Infirmary County Hospital County Hospital General Infirmary '(■Royal Naval Hospital, South Devon i \ and East Cornwall Hospital . . / 19-0 9-.3 14-7 8-9 8-5 4-7 8-7 8-3 7-4 7-9 8-2 5-9 4-4 7-3 5-9 6-0 10-5 4-5 4-7 5-3 17-8 11-7 16-4 11-5 10-0 10-0 9-2 8-9 8-1 8-1 7-7 7-5 7-5 7-3 6-9 6-1 6-5 6-3 6-3 12-6 6-3 8-6 4-7 4-8 2-7 2-1 2-7 4-2 4-3 4-3 5-1 2-6 3-1 4-2 3-7 3-2 5-2 2-5 2-7 11-8 9-4 10-2 7-4 5-6 3-9 2-7 3-7 6-0 4-3 4-9 5-0 4-1 4-6 4-6 4-7 3-6 4-8 3-9 4-2 1-6 AppefuUx E. 591 numbkbs and percentages upon population of special Inmates of Hospitals. Special Inmates of Hospitals. Per cent. on- - ! Male Female 1S91. 1901. Poi)ula- Popula- tion. tion. Males. Females. Males. Females.' 1891. •14 1901. 1891. •18 -13 1901. 10 Large towns .... 6,830 6,831 10,227 10,793 •18 22 Textile manufacturing places 923 804 1 1,284 1,248 •07 ■09 •05 •08 7 Industrial (Middlesbro', &c.) 177 61 311 191 •06 •09 •02 •06 6 ,, (Wolverhampton, &c.) 330 269 i 357 309 •08 •08 •07 •07 12 ,, (Southampton, &c.) . 219 157 j 249 195 ■08 •07 •05 •05 9 Colliery districts 1,048 582 1 1,641 1,118 •06 ■07 •03 •05 19 Old towns 1,107 1,004 * 1,377 1,250 •18 •20 •15 •16 4 Military towns .... 253 238 323 355 •09 •10 •09 •11 12 ,, (other places) 269 293 i 447 459 •15 •20 •17 ■22 7 Residential (with asylums) 146 262 1 258 437 •10 •15 •16 •23 9 ,, (towns) . 787 1,048 1,399 1,478 •28 •43 •30 •35 3 ,, (special) . 229 240 421 403 ; •31 •51 •26 •37 13 „ (other) . 405 493 602 892 •16 •20 •16 ■25 3 ^Miscellaneous places . 8 41 10 48 •03 •03 •15 •15 6 Rural (residential) 504 493 845 863 •06 •09 •05 •09 3 „ (Wilts, &c.) 140 165 196 197 •04 •06 •04 •05 3 „ (Norfolk, &c.) . 146 151 1 201 211 •02 •03 •02 •03 6 „ (Welsh) .... 187 153 1 254 209 •04 •05 •03 •04 6 „ (Northern) 354 232 560 408 •04 •07 •03 •05 England and Wales 14,062 13,517 20,962 21.064 •10 •13 •09 •12 Another disturbing influence is that of residence at a distance from the scene of daily labour. This affects the mercantile and shop-keeping classes and their subordinates very much, and also influences workmen of all kinds and railway servants, though probably in a smaller measure. The best illustration of this tendency (which influences much more distant places also) will be found in the annexed Table showing the proportions of male clerks in London and the surrounding districts, also in Manchester and Liverpool and their suburbs. The total ligures for England and Wales are : — Working males Commercial clerks 10,156,970 307,889 the proportion being al)out 3 pci' cent., against 6' 3 per cent, in the wliolo metropolitan area. In the localities where they sleep these people really form a residential class. 592 England's Recent Progress. Commercial Clerks : How Distributed in Great Cities, with their SUBSIDIARY Urban Districts. — Working Males. Com- mercial Clerks. Per cent. ^^'orking Males. Com- mercial Clei'ks. Per cent. Central^ Suburban, North — Londou City . 10,523 656 6-2 Hackney ... 05,379 6,146 9-4 Holborn . 21,539 1,086 5-0 Stoke Nowington | 15,274 2,154 14-1 Westminster 63,198 2,689 4-3 Horusey . . .20,734 3,403 16-4 Finsbury 33,115 ! 1,058 3-2 Tottenham . 30,744 2,611 8-5 Kensington . 45,035 2,214 4-9 Wood Green . 10,102 1,027 10-2 Chelsea . 1 21,041 949 ' 4-5 Edmonton 13,270 461 3-5 Marylebone . 40,704 1,674 4-1 Soutbgato i 4,275 321 7-5 Paddington . . 41,626 2,584 ! 6-2 Enfield . . . 12,561 432 3-4 Shoreditch . 37,430 i 845 2-3 Cheshunt . 3,992 101 2-5 Bethnal Green . 39,364 1 807 2-1 Waltham Abbey. 2,177 52 2-4 Stepney . 96,650 - 2,941 1 3-0 West Ham . 83,101 4,571 5-5 Poplar . 53,615 i 2,170 4-1 East Ham 27,926 2,590 9-3 Bermondsey 41,623 1,989 4-8 Wan stead . 2,203 360 16-3 Islington 105,974 7,983 7-5 Leyton 28,307 8,294 11-6 St. Pancras . 78,125 4,268 5-5 Woodford . 3,813 434 11-4 Southwark . 68,202 2,826 4-1 Walthamstow 27,514 1,911 6-9 Lambeth 93,504 7,575 8-1 Komford . 4,145 223 5-4 Ilford .... Barking . 11,145 6,431 1,558 160 14-0 2-5 891,268 44,320 5-0 873,093 31,809 8-5 Suburban, West — Hammersmith . 34,351 2,298 6-7 Suburban, South- Fulham . 39,985 2,361 5-9 West— Acton 10,302 580 5-6 Wandsworth . 64,475 5,696 8-8 Ealing . . . 8,011 495 6-2 Battersea . 52,313 3,492 6-7 Chiswick 8,380 494 5-9 Richmond 8,372 501 6-0 Heston and Isle-1 worth . . .J 8,804 245 2-8 Barnes 5,067 360 7'1 Wimbledon 1 11,297 907 8-0 Brentford . 4,649 201 4-3 Kingston . 10,089 449 4-5 Twickenham 5,687 294 5-2 Surbiton . 1 3,943 193 4-9 Hanwell . 2,843 83 2-9 The Maidens Molesey . 1 1,819 1,735 134 61 7-4 3-5 123,012 7,051 5-7 Esher . . Hampton . Tcddington 2,885 2,021 3,827 96 71 210 3-3 3-5 5-5 76,894 7,238 9-4 Suburban, South- East — 1167,843 12,170 7-3 Camborwell . Deptford 34,006 2,625 7-7 Exterior, North- Greenwich 29,677 1,208 4-1 West— Lewisham 35,043 3,993 11-4 Hampstead , 20,775 2,011 9-7 Wo ol wi c ti 40 529 775 316 1-9 4-1 Bromley 7, '640 Beckenham 6,809 632 9-3 Exterior, West — Chislehurst 2,071 73 3-5 Willesden . 33,479 2,374 7-1 Bexley . 8,684 167 4-5 Harrow . 2,701 141 5-2 Erith . 8,851 220 2-5 Wealdstone . 1,817 119 6-5 Dartf ord . 5,487 1 156 2-8 6-9 Hendon . 6,469 265 4-1 250,691 17,403 44,466 2,899 6-5 Appendix E. 593 Co:n[mf.rcial Clerks : How Distributed in Great Cities, with their SUBSIDIARY Urban Districts — continued. Working ilales. Coni- mei'cial Clerks. Per ceut. Exterior, South — Croydon I^enge . Sutton . Carshalton Epsom . Chertsey Walton- Thames Weybridge Exterior, Nortli- East — Finchley . Prieni Barnct. Barnet . East Barnet . Rural Areas (Ad- ministrative) — Middlesex . Surrey . Kent . . . Essex . 37,299 5,892 4,248 1,870 3,198 3,723 3,091 1,414 2,798 582 292 108 72 70 105 3-4 49 3-5 60,735 4,076 0-7 6,100 2,542 2,271 2,711 13,624 517 1G6 89 158 8-5 6-5 3-9 5-8 930 6-8 Summary London- Central . of 14,745 55,751 95,033 77,103 342 1,011 786 831 2-3 1-8 •8 1-1 242,632 I 2,970 1-2 891,268 44,320 ' 5-0 Hammersmith,! ^23,012 : 7,051 I 5- Camherwell, 250,691 I 17,403 | 6-9 etc. . . .j Hackney, &c. . 373,093 j 31,809 [ 8-5 Wandswortli,. 3^3 ^ ^^ 1 ^.3 Manchester Salford . Exterior il, 805, 907 112,753 6-2 139,600 9,916 7-1 1,945,507 122,069 6-3 Workiu] Males, .-,-.,.(■ Com- I mercial 1 Clerks. 175,538 8,068 70,445 245,983 3,436 11,504 Per cent. 4-6 4-9 4-7 Withiugton . ^loss Side Stretford . Urmston . Eccles . . Worsley . S w i n 1 n a n d \ Pendlebury Prestwicli . Failsworth Gorton Levenshuhne Ashton-upon Mersey . Sale . . . Altrincham . Liverpool . Birkenliead Bootle . . Waterloo . 1 jtherland Great Crosby (iarston . Wallasey . Lower Bcbington Hoy lake . lUiral Areas (Ad- ministrative) — Lancashire . Cheshire . 10,009 8,707 9,999 1,956 10,556 4,036 8,301 3,212 4,553 8,552 3,486 1,617 3,581 5,386 1,083 10-8 1,437 16-5 1,100 111-0 267 13-6 764 ; 7-2 163 4-0 333 807 145 296 443 124 302 189 4-0 83,951 6,953 8-3 212,119 12,954 6-1 35,033 1,901 5-4 19,468 1,085 ; 5-6 266,620 15,940 : 6-0 6,388 2,990 1,951 5,818 15,324 2,838 2,717 591 207 138 180 ,930 230 142 38,026 3,418 74,119 1,170 54,881 850 9-3 6-9 7-1 3-1 12-6 8-1 5-2 9-0 1-G 1-5 129,000 I 2,020 1-G 2 q APPENDIX F. RATIOS OF DEATHS AMONGST MALES AND FEMALES IN 1881-1890 AND IN 1891-1900. 2 Q 2 APPENDIX F. RATIOS OF DEATHS AMONGST MALES AND FEMALES AT SEVERAL AGES IN 1881-1890 AND IN 1891-1900. I HAVE thought it right to exhibit the actual ratios of Jecemiial losses as arrived at by my metliod, and to append other Tables showing the same facts in the form of index numbers calculated on the standard rates which for the purpose of clearer comparison between different places (and the same places at different times) have been assumed to represent moderate losses by death such as might be expected in rural districts. Tables for fourteen sub-divisions of the Metropolis are added in order to show how the mortality in the central parts (losing population) differs from that in the outer parts (gaining population), and also that the range of mortality in the sub-divisions of the inner and outer districts is perhaps less than might be expected. Further, an essay is submitted as to decennial death rates at the liighest age, calculated on conunencing and not on average population. The range of variation in death rates is found to be less than at some other ages. Finally, a rough classification of districts according to rates of mortality is submitted, and it is asserted that a true expression of local mortality by means of a single death rate is really impracticable. Notes are appended in a few cases to the Tables, referring to cadets and scholars whose temporary presence must tend to diminish tlie computed average death rates at certain ages, and to other local circumstances. But for a fuller knowledge of such local circumstances reference may be made to the details in Appendix C and to the ratios of surviving populations to births, as matters stood in 1901, which will l)o found on pages 97 to 115. 598 England's Recent Progress. Males. Mortality in 1881-1800 at Agks 0-15 and 45-70. The Figures represent THE Loss PER CENT. IN TeN YeARS IN POPULATIONS ATTAINING THE AOB STATED AT END OF DeCENNIUM. Males, 1S81-1800. 0-15.* 45- 50- 55— 60— 65— 70— Large towns — Manchester . 26-5 20-0 25-0 32-6 42-2 55-6 77-3 Liverpool .... 27-1 19-5 23-9 32-2 41-7 56-1 71-7 Sheffield .... 25-9 16-8 21-8 29-0 38-9 53-5 79-8 Leeds 25-9 15-4 20-4 27-5 37-1 52-1 77-3 Birmingham . 22-0 14-6 18-3 24-0 32-1 46-5 63-1 London .... 22-3 15-8 20-0 25-7 32-9 45-4 59-7 Nottingham . 26-2 15-9 19-7 24-9 32-7 47-3 65-0 Hull 23-0 14-8 18-5 23-9 32-4 44-2 67-3 Bristol .... 19-3 13-4 17-1 22-3 29-0 42-3 56-8 Leicester .... 24-2 12-1 15-4 20-3 27-1 39-1 54-9 Towns (textile manu- factures) — Oldham .... 27 1 18 8 23 7 30-5 39 7 54-8 81 6 Preston .... 29 5 21 23 8 30-0 40 53-7 70 8 Bury 23 3 16 1 20 9 27-4 38 4 51-3 74 5 Rochdale .... 22 1 17 1 21 2 27-7 38 5 53-7 76 6 Ashton-under-Lyne . 25 8 16 3 20 7 28-3 37 7 53-6 77 7 Bolton .... 23 9 16 3 21 4 28-2 38 1 53-2 78 4 Blackburn 27 4 16 8 21 28-1 39 4 55-5 77 4 Halifax .... 21 2 16 4 21 27-5 38 2 51-7 72 4 Glossop .... 23 1 12 4 18 8 25-6 34 9 46-4 68 8 Stockport. 25 2 16 9 21 5 29-2 37 3 52-2 70 9 Saddleworth . 21 4 13 8 17 4 22-9 33 7 46-3 67 1 Macclesfield . 21 5 16 5 20 6 26-2 31 4 43-3 60 4 Huddersfield . . . 22 8 16 4 20 1 25-7 36 48-4 69 9 Haslingden . 22 9 13 3 18 1 25-0 33 7 47-8 72 6 Bradford .... 23 6 14 7 19 3 26-0 35 9 50-9 71 2 Wharfedale . 18 5 11 9 15 3 20-1 27 4 37-4 59 4 Todmorden . 19 6 12 2 16 1 22-2 36 7 49-0 73 2 Keighley .... 21 9 14 5 18 24-0 33 1 47-6 64 8 Burnley .... 26 8 13 6 19 3 26-9 36 2 51-0 76 9 Dewsbury 25 4 13 6 17 1 22-9 31 9 45-4 69 6 Kidderminster . 18 6 13 2 16 9 23-1 26 9 37-9 50 7 Leek 19-0 11-8 14-6 18-9 23-9 39-2 67-0 Towns (industrial)^ Stafford .... 15-8 20-9 21-8 27-4 33-8 49-4 59-0 Potteries .... 25-4 17-2 23-3 30-8 39-3 54-7 72-4 Redruth .... 22-8 13-5 19-1 25-9 35-5 51-3 64-9 Middlesbro' . 22-7 13-7 17-4 23-2 29-4 42-8 63-3 Southampton 16-1 14-9 17-5 21-7 28-2 37-8 50-3 WalsaU .... 22-4 12-6 15-4 21-2 30-0 43-8 631 Wolverhampton . 23-6 12-8 16-2 22-0 30-1 44-5 63-3 Burton-on-Trent 17-1 13-8 16-8 22-4 30-5 41-8 63-6 Rotherham . 21-2 11-5 16-7 21-3 28-6 41-1 61-4 Whitehaven . 19-4 12-5 16-8 24-3 34-8 55-9 61-8 * At this age, the ratio caloulated on the mean between tlie commencing population, including births, and the ending population, does not really represent average loss by deaths, as the mean js greater than the average number exposed to risk. Appendix F. 599 Males. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70. The Figures represent THE Loss per cent, in Ten Years in Populations attaining the Age stated AT END op DeCENNIUM. ThE ORDER IS THAT OP TOTAL DeATH RaTES AT Ages 50-, 55- and 60- for ]\Iales in 1891-1900. Males, 1891-1900. 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60— 65- 70— Large towns^ Manchester . 26-7 18-6 24-6 32 1 41-3 58- 6 76-4 Liverpool . 25-8 18-8 24-5 30 5 37-6 57- 73-3 Sheffield . 26-2 14-9 20-4 27 1 36-7 51 71-2 Leeds . 25-6 13-1 18-6 24 7 34-9 52 9 73-4 Birmingham 23-1 14-4 18-7 25 1 33-9 47 8 64-0 London . 21-7 14-7 19-0 24 3 31-8 45 5 61-9 Nottingham 23-8 13-5 18-0 24 4 31-7 46 1 63-7 Hull . . 23-3 13-4 17-2 22 2 29-5 41 9 63-6 Bristol 18-7 12-7 16-0 20 7 28-4 41 3 56-8 Leicester . • • 23-4 10-4 13-6 18-3 26-5 39-1 55-5 Towns (textile manu- factures) — Oldham .... 26 8 18 24 2 31 9 40 9 58 5 78 4 Preston .... 28 5 18 7 24 7 30 4 39 1 54 6 73 3 Bury 24 2 16 21 6 28 5 40 56 3 79 1 Rochdale .... 21 4 16 2 22 29 2 37 9 53 76 8 Ashton-under-Lyne . 26 16 21 2 27 6 37 3 54 7 76 9 Bolton .... 24 6 14 5 20 4 27 1 38 2 55 8 75 7 Blackburn 26 2 14 5 20 5 28 3 36 9 53 9 78 5 Halifax .... 20 4 13 6 19 1 26 8 37 6 52 3 76 3 Glossop .... 1 22 7 15 2 19 4 24 4 38 8 51 9 68 8 Stockport . 26 1 14 6 19 5 25 5 37 2 53 4 71 7 Saddleworth . 18 2 13 4 18 9 25 3 36 7 50 5 73 6 Macclesfield . 19 2 14 8 20 26 33 1 49 4 68 2 Huddersfield . 21 1 14 5 18 9 25 2 34 5 49 4 72 4 Haslingden 22 8 12 3 17 1 24 8 36 54 4 73 3 Bradford .... 22 6 13 5 18 5 24 3 34 7 51 1 71 6 Wharfedale . 16 5 16 5 20 6 23 8 31 8 48 4 73 4 Todmorden . 18 5 12 3 17 25 1 33 3 48 4 80 Keighley .... 20 8 12 3 17 6 24 2 32 8 47 2 68 2 Burnley .... : 26 4 12 17 1 23 4 33 9 61 6 73 5 Dewsbury 26 2 12 7 17 5 23 3 32 9 49 7 73 9 Kidderminster . '< 17 9 10 7 14 1 20 7 26 2 42 7 53 5 Leek 18-9 10-0 13-2 19-5 27-9 40-2 55-6 Towns (industrial) — ♦Stafford .... 15-1 21-9 25-2 29-2 35-9 51-2 69-1 Potteries .... 27-1 14-8 20-7 27-8 87-5 52-9 69-5 Redruth .... 22-4 14-8 20-9 26-0 36-5 50-3 64-5 Middlcsbro' . 22-9 14-1 17-1 22-8 30-3 45-3 62-4 Southampton 17-8 14-0 17-2 22-7 30-1 42-9 01-2 Walsall .... 25-0 12-7 15-9 22*1 31-9 48-8 63-4 Wolverhampton . 24-7 11-9 16-1 22-6 30-3 44-8 62-7 Burton-on-Trcnt ! 17-5 13-0 17-5 22-0 29-0 41-3 61-7 Rothcrham . 22-2 10-1 14-2 20-1 29-2 41-2 59-1 Whitehaven . 1 19-3 1 11-2 14-9 20-4 27-8 40-9 60-4 There l.s an innioitiiut, lunatic asylum in tlii« 'lint rid, 600 England's Recent Progress. Malks. Mortality in 1881-1890 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, vic.—codimtcd. .\la es, 3881-1890. 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— Towus (industrial) (co)tti)iued) — i Crewe ' 17 • 5 10-5 12-9 16-8 23-3 34-0 51-4 Helstou . 1 22-2 11-0 13-2 17 -S 26-8 36-4 51-8 Doncastei- : 10-1 11-0 13-4 17-8 25-0 37-2 56-9 Cockermouth i 19-1 13-2 16-2 22-2 30 2 40-7 58-1 Barrow-iu-Furuess 20-1 11-6 13-4 19-3 26-8 3S-1 58-0 Penzance . 20-6 10-4 13-6 20-0 26-7 36-2 50-8 Falmouth 20-1 10-2 13-0 17-2 20-8 30-0 49-2 Luton .... 21-2 11-5 14-0 18-8 23-1 35-2 54-7 Swindon . 17-4 9-8 13-8 18-1 24-9 39-6 54-9 Grimsby . . . 19-5 11-4 12-8 17-1 24-3 33-6 46-3 Tilbury . . . 16-6 11-7 13-0 16-1 24-9 35-3 43-1 Rugby. . . . 12-9 9-8 10-4 13-7 21-8 30-9 43-2 Wellingborough . 17-7 9-2 11-3 14-9 20-6 32-2 46-7 Kettering . . 18-3 8-9 11-8 15-8 20-6 28-7 46-8 Millom 14-2 10-6 14-1 18-9 27-5 43-4 49-8 Colliery districts — Wigan 24-4 15-1 19-1 26-0 36-2 50-4 72-6 Wrexham 18-9 13-1 16-9 21-5 29-6 43-3 67-6 Glamorgan 22-2 14-6 18-9 24-4 32-6 46-7 63-1 Durham . 22-4 12-9 16-5 22-0 30-7 42-5 62-7 Barnsley . 1 22-2 13-5 17-7 22-1 29-0 42-9 63-4 Cannock . I 17-3 8-6 11-1 15-6 22-3 31-4 52-1 Chesterfield 20-2 9-4 12-1 16-4 23-0 34-8 53-6 Nuneaton 1 19-7 9-5 12-0 16-1 19-7 28-6 45-8 Ashby-de-la-Zouch 17-6 8-5 10-1 14-7 22-1 32-2 53-5 Old towns — Maidstone 17-4 17 9 20-0 24-6 30-4 42 56 6 Worcester ! 21-5 17 1 20-2 25-4 35-5 48 6 67 1 Chester . 16-6 16 19-2 25-1 32-1 44 4 63 Wakefield 23-2 16 5 21-0 27-1 35-8 47 6 71 4 Gloucester 16-8 16 7 17-7 23-9 30-9 42 9 58 8 Carlisle . 19-2 16 18-3 23-6 31-7 43 6 60 8 Derby 1 20-1 11 6 15-2 20-0 28-6 43 7 58 7 York . . 19-4 16 7 18-8 24-7 31-3 46 1 67 8 Northampton 21-3 14 9 16-4 19-9 28-2 44 3 62 3 Exeter 17-8 14 3 17-3 21-4 28-0 89 4 54 6 Cambridge 17-4 16 2 19-9 28-1 34-4 46 4 56 8 Oxford . 17-9 14 8 17-3 20-8 28-0 42 3 59 7 King's Lynn 20-1 15 4 16-3 21-5 31-4 38 8 53 1 Coventry . 19-5 13 8 14-6 19-4 26-8 40 7 62 5 Ipswich . 18-2 13 5 16-8 20-9 28-5 36 5 49 4 Reading . 17-0 13 4 17-4 21-3 29-2 40 2 55 3 Norwich . 20-7 12 6 16-2 20-4 24-5 35 6 50 6 Lincoln . 20-2 14 16-0 21-4 28-7 43 4 54 9 Yarmouth 19-3 12-8 15-1 19-5 23-3 33-7 51-3 Old military towns — Plymouth 22-4 15-3 18-5 22-3 27-1 37-8 53-3 Portsmouth . 19-3 15-7 19-0 23-0 30-4 39-5 51-5 Colchester 17-0 13-4 15-9 20-7 26-1 40-3 52-1 Chatham .... 19-1 12-2 15-0 20-4 27-6 37-0 50-2 Appendix F. 601 Males. Mohtality in 1891-1900 at Ages 0-15 a:nu '15-70, ■nTC—contimied. Hales, 1891-1900. 1 0-15. 45— so- 55— 60— 65— 70- — Towns (industrial) {continued) — Grewe 18-5 10-G ld- 4 19-4 1 27-0 39-5 59-2 Helston .... 19-6 9-2 15- 3 18-9 1 25-3 41-2 65-4 Doncaster 22-4 9-5 12- 8 18-0 26-7 39-5 55-8 Cockermouth : 18-7 9-6 12- 9 19-0 23-4 37-1 57-5 Barrow-in-Furness . 20-4 9-8 IS- 2 18-0 23-7 39-2 63-2 Penzance .... i 20-3 10-8 IS- 7 17-9 23-3 36-5 58-6 Falmouth. 18 6 13-3 14- 3 15-7 24-7 37-6 51-4 Luton 17-1 10-2 13- 3 17-6 23-1 35-4 49-3 Swindon .... 15-2 9-0 11- 7 16-7 23-0 33-6 48-7 Grimsby .... 21-5 10-1 12 8 16-9 20-8 33-0 51-9 Tilbury .... 15-1 9-4 12 15-4 21-8 31-4 45-8 Eugby 13-3 9-6 12 16-7 19-5 28-4 46-4 Wellingborough . l(j-l 8-0 10 5 15-0 21-5 31-3 45-8 Kettering 18-0 8-1 11 6 15-8 18-7 29-8 50-6 Millom .... 17-1 8-2 10-2 13-4 21-7 33-1 54-8 Colliery districts — Wigan .... 25-0 14 8 19-9 28-0 36-0 51-7 71-7 Wrexham 1 20-0 13 1 17-7 23-8 33-3 47-1 67-2 Glamorgan . 1 23-4 12 9 17-1 23-1 32-5 47-1 64-2 Durham .... 1 22-8 12 1 16-1 21-2 29-3 43-1 63-0 Barnsley .... 22-9 11 7 15-4 20-8 29-8 43-9 63-0 Cannock .... 18-3 8 12-2 17-5 25-5 38-3 57-3 Chesterfield . ' 20-3 8 9 12-4 17-0 24-5 36-4 53-7 Nuneaton 19-7 7 6 10-9 17-5 23-3 38-0 55-4 Ashby-de-la-Zouch . 17-6 7-9 10-6 14-2 21-8 33-9 49-6 Old towns— ♦Maidstone 18-0 17 9 23 8 27-7 34-3 46-7 64- 1 Worcester 21-6 15 19 9 24-2 32-4 43-6 61 4 Chester .... 16-8 15 20 24-1 32-0 48-6 61 8 Wakefield . . . 23-1 14 1 18 4 24-3 32-9 49-0 69 5 Gloucester . 19-2 15 6 17 9 25-0 30-1 45-2 63 1 Carlisle .... 18-3 13 6 17 3 22-8 32-5 47-5 65 Derby i 20-6 12 1 16 7 22-1 33-5 47-1 G6 5 York 20-7 14 3 17 5 23-6 30-6 44-5 61 5 Northampton : 19-9 13 3 IG 3 23-5 31-0 43-0 60 4 Exeter .... i 180 14 4 17 1 22-0 30-7 41-8 1 56 3 Cambridge 17-4 13 5 16 •7 21-9 29-4 44-8 60 9 Oxford . . . . 1 17-1 13 6 16 •8 22-0 28-3 37-8 ' 55 2 King's Lynn . ! 19-5 12 •5 16 -6 22-4 28-0 45-8 62 6 Coventry .... 19-0 12 5 16 •9 22-4 26-7 41-8 59 4 Ipswich . . . . 18-3 13 •9 16 •3 21-3 27-2 38-2 59 8 Beading . . . . 16-9 11 •7 13 •6 19-1 27-8 41-4 59 1 Norwich . . . . 21-3 11 •8 14 •5 19-0 25-4 37-3 51 •4 Lincoln . . . . 18-4 11 2 14 .6 18-3 25-4 37-4 66 •4 Yarmouth 19-7 12-5 14-8 19-0 24-2 36-4 49-1 Old military towns - ! Plymouth 21-0 13-5 17-8 21-G ; 28-8 38-9 54-4 Portsmouth . 19-4 14-4 17-8 21-7 1 27-8 39-3 58-1 Colchester 18 -G 11-6 15-9 21-8 ; 27-6 41-6 57-5 Chatham .... 18-3 11-2 14-3 17-6 23-9 36-3 52-8 There is an inipurtaiit liinalie asylum in tliis district. 602 Enghind's I\cccnf Pyogress. Malks. "Moktality in lSSl-1890 at Agks 0-15 and 45-70, -etc.— continued. Males, 1881-1890. 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— Other military places — Canterbury . 19 6 21-0 21-7 30-3 33-1 45-8 65-7 Godstone .... 12 1 20-0 21-6 25-5 32-3 45-2 65-4 Windsor .... 15 3 14-6 17-7 22-6 29-0 43-1 61-5 Farnham .... 17 5 13-1 15-5 18-8 26-6 35-9 52-0 Salisbury .... 13 7 15-7 18-1 21-9 27-1 35-8 55-2 Dover 15 9 13-8 15-7 18-2 24-5 34-8 43-8 Folkestone . . . 15 8 12-3 15-2 17-8 26-8 35-5 40-9 Aldershot, North ~ . 13 5 9-8 12-6 16-7 20-0 29-1 43-7 Weymouth . 15 3 10-8 12-8 15-3 19-3 29-8 43-9 Sheerness 17 1 10-6 12-0 14-5 21-6 26-2 49-4 Deal 13 6 10-0 12-4 17-1 23-7 30-9 48-8 St. German's 18-9 9-1 12-5 15-9 23-5 31-7 49-6 Residential (with asylums) — Uxbridge .... 16 6 21-1 23-5 30-4 36-0 45-0 56-6 Morecambe . 20 2 21-4 23-3 28-1 35-3 45-9 61-6 Malvern .... 12 7 20-6 20-9 25-7 30-5 41-8 60-9 Rhyl 15 2 16-5 20-3 24-2 32-0 41-4 62-1 Leamington . 16 1 15-5 17-1 22-3 27-2 39-8 57-6 Watford .... 14 7 15-8 18-9 24-8 30-4 40-4 GO- 7 Guildford . . . 13-0 18-2 21-0 24-5 29-2 36-3 54-2 Residential (Brighton, &c.)— Southport 17 7 16-1 18-6 23-4 31-6 45-3 60-3 Blackpool 19 3 12-5 15-2 20-9 30-8 39-9 60-2 Brighton .... 19 7 13-9 17-8 22-0 26-4 35-9 51-1 Bath 16 3 16-2 18-8 23-9 29-5 43-8 58-0 Llandudno . 13 13-5 13-6 16-7 23-3 33-1 56-6 Thanet .... 17 15-1 17-8 23-1 28-1 39-0 52-1 Harrogate 15 8 13-3 16-1 20-5 27-7 36-0 57-1 Scarborough . 18 7 12-7 15-5 19-0 26-8 36-2 48-5 Hastings .... 15-0 14-4 18-0 20-3 23-8 34-5 45-7 Residential (other places) — Bournemouth 14 4 17-1 18-6 21-0 23-8 32-7 51-1 Cheltenham . 17 4 12-7 14-0 19-1 26-0 39-8 53-7 Worthing .... 12 4 11-6 14-4 16-4 23-7 34-3 43-1 Weston-super-Mare . 13 7 11-8 14-6 17-9 23-5 33-3 44-3 Eastbourne . 15 3 12-1 14-9 19-7 21-2 30-2 45-7 Reigate .... 12 4 9-1 12-6 14-2 20-4 28-8 46-0 Isle of Wight . . 12 3 12-8 14-8 17-0 24-5 30-5 43-9 Tunbridge 13 6 11-5 14-9 17-5 23-3 32-0 48-4 Southend .... 15 4 10-3 12-5 16-2 20-9 31-4 47-3 Torquay .... 15 5 11-5 14-2 17-9 22-6 32-2 46-2 Staines .... 14 6 12-3 14-7 19-1 23-4 30-3 54-1 Bedford .... 14 7 9-5 12-8 16-3 23-9 33-2 47-3 Heme Bay . 14 4 10-5 13-2 15-5 18-1 27-8 41-6 Poole 14 6 10-5 13-8 18-1 22-3 32-8 46-4 Cromer .... 13 1 8-2 10-3 12-6 18-6 27-5 40-0 Clacton .... 15-4 9-0 11-0 12-9 18-6 25-6 36-8 Miscellaneous — Brentwood . 14-7 26-8 27'8 30-4 37-7 48-6 60-3 Maidenhead . 12-5 11-8 13-1 16-0 20-4 31-7 46-0 Easthampstead . 12-5 11-0 16-9 21-0 26-3 35-0 40-9 Appendix F. 603 Males. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, F,TC.—contimied. Males, 1891-1900. 9-15. 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— Other military places — Canterbury . 18-0 15-8 22-5 28-3 32-0 50-3 60-9 Godstone . 11-1 14-9 18-4 23-6 32-8 53-4 78-0 Windsor .... 14-2 13-9 17-9 24-1 28-9 40-9 59-8 Farnham . 17-2 12-9 16-4 21-8 28-9 39-1 57-8 Salisbury . 13-2 13-7 16-3 20-5 24-G 34-5 53-6 Dover .... 17-1 12-1 15-3 20-7 25-4 33-3 49-2 Folkestone . 16-2 12-8 15-5 19-4 25-1 32-8 52-8 Aldershot, North 15-0 9-5 12-7 17-5 24-1 36-1 44-G Weymouth . 14-2 11-2 13-0 16-9 22-9 33-2 46-9 Sheerness 16-8 9-5 11-9 16-9 21-8 30-6 51-9 Deal .... 13-4 10-4 12-6 17-1 20-6 30-1 47-3 St. German's 13-8 10-1 12-2 14-2 20-7 30-7 46-8 Residential (with asylums)— Uxbridge .... 15-7 22-6 26-3 32-0 36-2 52-7 71-0 Morecambe 19-6 16-2 21-1 26-8 33-7 47-2 68-1 Malvern . 13-2 17-5 23-0 26-9 30-2 41-0 57-2 Rhyl . . 16-7 17-1 19-6 23-6 33-2 45-8 68-9 Leamington 15-3 14-8 18-5 23-5 29-9 41-3 56-3 Watford . 13-1 14-6 18-4 22-4 27-9 43 3 59-8 Guildford . 14-2 15-0 17-2 21-8 28-9 38-6 56-4 Residential (Bi Jim \ ighton, &C.) Southport 18-7 13-6 17-7 23-3 31-9 44-1 64-8 Blackpool i 19-9 14-9 19 2 22-8 30-8 48-0 73-8 Brighton . 18-7 12-7 17 3 21-7 27-3 37-9 52-4 Bath . . 16-8 13-1 16 5 20-8 28-2 41-3 54-1 Llandudno 17-7 15-4 16 9 21-2 27-2 40-7 58-5 Thanet . 16-0 15-1 18 2 21-1 25-9 38-8 54-7 Harrogate 16-7 12-5 17 20-3 26-1 40-2 67-4 Scarborough 18-4 12-G 15 9 20-8 26-2 33-9 56-6 Hastings . 15-5 12-3 15-5 19-3 27-2 37-4 52-0 Residential (other places) — Bournemouth 14-6 15-7 19 5 22 9 28 9 38-3 51 1 Cheltenham . 16-0 11-0 14 8 18 3 24 5 38-0 52 2 Worthing 14-7 12-8 15 3 17 7 24 7 32-2 50 5 Weston-supei -Mare 13-3 9-9 13 1 17 3 27 36-8 51 7 Eastbourne 14-3 9-9 13 8 17 1 23 2 33-6 45 Reigate 11-8 10-3 12 6 16 3 25 3 30-9 49 5 Isle of Wight 12-7 13-8 14 7 16 5 22 4 30-4 47 5 Tunbridge 14-5 9-3 13 2 17 23 2 32-4 53 7 Southend . 15-8 11-3 13 8 17 3 21 7 31-8 52 2 Torquay . 15-2 10-5 13 16 4 23 2 33-9 48 8 Staines 14-6 10-3 11 8 15 9 23 7 36-6 48 5 Bedford . 13-5 10-1 12 5 15 8 21 31-3 49 5 Heme Bay 13-1 10-6 11 9 14 8 20 7 27-2 39 5 Poole . . 15-4 9-3 11 5 14 2 20 5 33-3 48 1 Cromer . 13-1 7-2 8 1 12 G 18 G 27-8 42 Clacton . 14-G 8-2 9-2 11-6 18-0 26-8 4G-6 Miscellaneous — Brentwood 12-3 31-0 .33 41-2 45-2 57-2 83-5 Maidenhead . . . 14-2 9-(; 12-0 15-7 23-1 33-1 47-2 Easthampstcud . . 10 "9 100 12-4 15 -K 20 ■ I 27-7 .'iO-2 G04 England's Bcccnt Progress. Mam;?. ^Mortai-ity in 1SS1-1S90 at A^ks 0-15 and 45-70, v.tc.-- continued. Males, 1881-1890. 0-15 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70- Rural residues — Denbigh aud Flint . . . 15-4 10-4 13-0 18-0 27-0 40-2 54-7 Carnarvon and Anglesey . 16-G 11-9 14-3 18-7 25-9 35-1 51-9 Lancashire and Cheshire . , 17-'J 10-5 14-0 18-3 26-3 37-5 53-4 Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c. 15-2 10-9 13-8 17-6 24-3 34-7 48-2 Salop and Hereford . . . 14-9 10-9 13-3 17-3 24-3 35-9 49-4 Stafford, Worcester, &c. . 1 15-2 10-8 13-4 17-2 22-9 34-2 50-0 ^lonmouth aud Brecon . . ' 14-7 10-4 12-7 16-0 22-4 33-5 51-0 !Montgomery, &c. . . 15-6 10-1 13-1 16-4 23-0 33-3 50-4 Durham aud Northum land .... ^";-}, 14-6 t . { 14-2 11-3 13-7 17-7 25-8 35-G 53-9 Cxloucester and Somerse 10-3 13-3 17-6 24-2 34-5 48-0 Cumberland aud Westm land .... °^'";}; 13-6 tts! ' 16-1 10 6 13-1 17-4 25-2 34 49-1 Leicester, Derby and No 10 4 13-2 16-8 22-8 34 48-6 Wilts and Dorset . . 12-9 10 12-6 16-0 21-4 31 1 4G-7 York .... . ! 15-8 10 12-1 16-0 21-3 32 2 47-7 Devon .... . 14-8 10 2 12-3 15-4 21-0 29 8 44-7 Hants and Berks . . 13-0 10 2 12-9 16-1 21-3 30 1 46-1 Cornwall . . 16-8 10 3 13-7 17-3 24-3 33 8 49-4 Kent aud Surrey . . ' 14-4 10 4 12-3 15-8 21-1 29 9 46-1 Bucks aud Oxford . i 14-8 9 5 12-1 15-2 20-9 30 3 47-3 Sussex .... . 1 12-2 10 6 12-6 16-1 20-6 30 42-9 Essex and Herts . . i 13-9 9 8 12-1 15-9 21-2 80 4 46-3 Northampton, &c. . 15-7 9 1 11-2 14-8 20-4 30 6 44-5 Lincoln and Rutland . 15-7 8 8 10-9 14-4 20-5 30 4 44-1 Norfolk aud Suffolk . . 14-6 8-6 10-4 13-5 18-3 27-5 40-8 Appendix F. 605 Males. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, ^.tc— continued. Males, 1891-19U0. 0-15 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— Rural residues* — Denbigh and Flint . , . lG-0 12-1 15-3 19-9 28-0 42-1 62-3 Carnarvon and Anglesey lG-0 10-G 14-3 18-8 26-4 39-9 58-2 Lancashire and Cheshire 17-7 10-3 14-0 18-2 27-2 38-5 55-8 Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c lG-6 11-2 14-4 18-2 24-8 35-7 56-0 Salop and Hereford . 14-0 10-7 13-9 17-8 24-1 35-4 53-G Stafiord, Worcester, &c. 15-5 10-2 13-5 17-6 24-1 .34-3 50-2 Monmouth and Brecon . 14-4 9-G 12-9 18-2 23-G 32-3 48-9 Montgomery, &c.. 15-4 10-4 13-4 16-8 24-1 35-7 54-2 Durham and Northumber land ■; 15-3 10-1 13-1 17-3 23-7 36-1 55-7 Gloucester and Somerset 13-1 9-5 12-5 lG-7 24-4 36-5 52-4 Cumberland and Westmore- ( laud C 13-4 9-4 11 9 lG-7 22-9 34-7 55 4 Leicester, Derby and Notts 16-3 9-2 12 2 15-9 22-3 32-8 49 4 Wilts and Dorset 120 9-4 11 7 16-0 22-3 32-7 49 9 York .... 15-7 8-9 9-0 9-3 11 11 11 4 ? 15-G 15-2 15-3 21-7 21-6 21-4 33-6 31-8 30-5 49 48 46 5 Devon .... 12-6 12-3 7 Hants and Berks . Cornwall . 15-5 9-2 11 6 14-4 22-2 32-8 49 9 Kent and Surrey . 14-2 9-5 11 4 15-1 20-6 30-3 46 5 Bucks and Oxford 13-7 8-5 11 1 14-6 20-9 30-8 48 1 Sussex .... 11-9 9-9 8-7 11 10 5 6 14-6 14-4 20-0 20-7 30-3 31-4 45 48 5 Essex and Herts . 13-0 5 Northampton, &c. 14-6 8-9 10 8 13-8 20-1 31-2 47 5 Lincoln and Rutland 15-3 8-5 10 9 13-7 19-8 30-5 47 1 Norfolk and Suffolk . 13-7 7-7 9-7 12-7 17-8 28-0 42-8 In the order of death rate, at a^'es 50-65, separating the worst tun. tiOC) England's Beceni Progress. Females. Mortality in 1881-1890 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70. The Figures REPRESENT THE LoSS PER CENT. IN TeN YeARS. Females, 1881-1890. Large towns — Manchester Liverpool . Sheffield . Leeds . Birmingham London Nottingham Hull . . Bristol Leicester . Towns (textile manu factures) — Oldham . . Preston . Bury . Rochdale . Ashton-under-Ly Bolton Blackburn Halifax . Glossop Stockport Saddleworth . Macclesfield . Huddersfield . Haslingden . Bradford . Wharfedale . Todmorden . Keighley . Burnley . Dewsbury Kidderminster Leek . Towns (industrial) Stafford . . Potteries . Redruth . Middlesbro' . Southampton Walsall Wolverhampton Burton-on-Trent Rotherham Whitehaven Crewe . Helston . Don caster 23-2 24-5 22-8 22' 19 19 22' 19' 16' 20' 16-0 17-2 12- 13- 12- Il- ia- 12-7 11-2 10-3 14-5 16-0 21-4 13-5 20-3 8-1 19-3 12-4 14-2 10-3 19-8 11-3 20-7 10-8 13-8 11-1 18-6 10-8 16-8 12-1 14-9 10-7 18-5 8-9 16-6 10-5 19 S 26- 20 G 27- 15 7 20- 16 3 22- 14 6 19- 14 7 19- 15 9 19- 14 6 18- 13 2 17- 12 2 15- 16-5 19- 15-7 20- 9-0 12- 14-1 18- 12-5 15- 13-4 18- 12-9 16- 12-0 16- 14-0 17- 14-8 20- 12-2 16- 10-2 14- 11-6 15- >-6 )-6 !-3 J-7 )-6 $-5 1-9 ;-2 '■5 )-3 )-5 1-2 )-2 34-9 35' 29' 30 25' 24' 26' 24' 22' 22' 27-0 29-0 19-8 26-5 21-0 24-7 23-3 22-9 25-3 28-2 23-8 19-2 20-8 49-6 49-3 40-3 1 4b-3 36-9 36-5 39-6 34-2 83-2 31-9 46-7 - 48-3 i 44-2 42-4 48-1 45-9 I 48-3 36-5 46-4 48-6 39-5 43-6 1 35-3 43-6 40-8 37-0 41-0 39-7 44-0 37-1 30-7 j 35-0 40-5 > 41-8 1 31-0 87-2 29-9 36-2 35-5 34-4 34-3 i 41-2 1 35-8 26-5 29-7 64-2 59-1 58-6 61-3 52-0 47-6 57-3 49-2 46-3 46-9 54 59 44 53 41 56 51 46 50 54 49 40 44 Appendix F. 607 Females. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70. The Figures REPRESENT THE LOSS PER CENT. IN TEN YEARS. Females, 1891- L900. 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— Large towns — Manchester . . . 23 '6 14-7 18 9 24-6 32-7 48-6 65-3 Liverpool . 23-2 16-4 20 G 26-0 32-4 48-8 62-9 Sheffield . 23-0 11-7 15 3 19-5 26-9 39-9 59-8 Leeds . 22-0 11-5 15 4 20-7 27-8 42-1 60-0 Birmingham . 20-3 11-9 15 2 20-0 25-9 38-5 54-5 London . 19-1 11-0 14 1 18-2 23-G 35-4 49-G Nottingham 20-9 11-3 15 19-1 26-1 36-8 51-0 Hull . . 19-8 11-3 14 18-1 22-9 34-4 50-6 Bristol . 15-9 10-0 11 5 16-3 22-7 33-7 46-1 Leicester . 19-9 9-6 11-9 15-8 21-5 32-6 48-3 Towns (textile manu . factures)^ 1 Oldham . 22 8 12 4 17 2 23-2 31 9 46 7 66 6 Preston . 24 8 15 8 18 8 23-9 33 3 48 5 66 4 Bury .... 20 6 11 4 15 9 21-0 30 6 45 6 64 5 Rochdale . 18 3 11 7 15 4 20-6 30 7 44 63 6 Ashton-under-Lyne . 22 6 12 2 16 2 21-8 30 1 45 2 67 3 Bolton 20 G 12 2 16 3 21-8 30 5 45 8 65 2 Blackburn 21 9 12 2 16 21-1 31 3 47 2 68 8 Halifax 17 1 9 4 12 3 16-8 24 5 38 6 59 Glossop . 18 7 12 1 14 3 20-0 28 3 43 3 59 5 Stockport 22 11 9 16 6 22-1 29 42 1 63 1 Saddleworth . 15 8 8 7 11 16-4 25 8 3G 2 57 3 Macclesfield . 16 9 11 15 5 19-9 28 5 39 5 60 1 Huddersfield . 16 7 9 7 12 7 17-5 24 6 38 2 55 9 Haslingden . 1 19 10 6 14 4 20-0 28 9 44 6 G5 2 Bradford . 19 4 10 6 14 2 19-2 26 2 39 8 58 9 Wharfedale . 13 4 12 5 16 8 21-7 28 1 39 8 61 2 Todmorden . 15 8 1 11 3 17-3 25 1 39 8 63 9 Keighley . 18 1 9 8 12 7 17-8 26 39 1 63 Burnley . 22 7 11 14 4 196 30 1 45 1 68 1 Dcwshury 21 G 10 6 13 8 18-3 25 3 40 3 54 8 Kidderminster . 13 9 9 2 12 18-0 23 5 35 7 47 6 Leek .... lG-3 11-0 12-8 17-5 23-8 38-2 50-2 Towns (industrial) — Stafford .... 13-5 16 18-7 22-7 26 9 37 G 57-0 Potteries . 23-6 13 4 16 -6 21-2 28 4 41 5 59-2 Redruth . 19-1 7 4 10-7 13-5 19 7 31 2 48-6 Middlesbro' . 20-2 12 14-5 19-4 26 39 3 57-5 Southampton 15-4 11 2 13-6 17-2 22 4 31 9 47-8 Walsall . . . 21-6 11 6 14-2 18-9 25 5 40 7 57-2 Wolverhampton . 21-1 10 5 13-2 18-4 24 9 37 3 53-8 Burton-ori-Tront . 15-2 10 3 11-9 15-7 20 7 33 4 49-7 Rotherham . 18-8 10 3 12-1 15-7 23 3 35 4 68-4 Whitehaven 16-2 11 1 14-2 18-8 25 9 89 7 58-6 Crewe . 15-9 10 13-1 16-6 21 7 33 7 52-2 Helston . 17-2 9 10-3 12-9 17 7 28 9 44-3 Doncaster 18-9 9-4 11-6 15-3 20-7 32-8 48-1 608 EnglamVs Recent Progress. Femali^.s. MonTALiTY IN 1S81-1890 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, etc. — continued. Towns (industrial) (cojitinued) — Cockermouth Barrow-in-Furne Penzance . Falmouth Luton . Swiudon . Grimsby . Tilbury . . Rugby. . . Wellingborough Kettering . Millom . . Colliery districts — Wigan Wrexham Glamorgan Durham . Barnsley . Cannock . Chesterfield Nuneaton Ashby-de-la-Zouch Old towns — Maidstone Worcester Chester . Wakefield Gloucester Carlisle . Derby . York . . Northampton Exeter Cambridge Oxford . King's Lynn Coventry . Ipswich . Reading . Norwich . Lincoln . Yarmouth Old military towns — Plymouth Portsmouth . Colchester Chatham . Females, 1881-1890. 16-6 io- SR . IS -2 n- • 18-8 s' 17-6 9- 17-7 9- 14-7 11- lG-8 10- 15-G 10- 12-2 7- 15-5 9- , 14-9 7 - 12-G 11 21-3 lG-5 19-4 19-8 19-7 15-3 17-3 lG-4 14-2 19-8 lG-8 16-3 16-3 13 2 12-2 12-8 12-9 12-G 9-1 10-2 10-1 10-0 13-6 12 6 12 8 t 14 1 12 3 13 3 10 7 12 9 11 9 11 4 10 3 10 9 11 1 11 2 11 7 10 5 10 7 11 5 10-0 11-2 12-1 11-3 10 G 12-9 13-3 9-4 10-2 11-5 13-6 12-1 12-8 9-7 10-3 9-1 12-4 15-9 13-6 15-0 15-1 14-2 10-5 12-0 9-5 9-3 13-5 14-7 14-4 12-3 21 8 17 7 18 8 19 1 17 3 14 4 15 5 13 8 11 9 17-3 18-2 17-1 15-5 25-9 2G-9 17-0 lG-6 21-7 18-8 19-1 19-2 19-2 17-8 17-4 19-6 30-6 26-2 25-9 26-6 24-8 19-3 21-4 18-8 18-6 21-7 22-3 20-8 20-9 37 • 3- 53- 40-7 55- 25 -G 38- 26-7 37- 32-3 44- 29-4 43- 29-9 41- 24-8 b6- 28-8 41- 29-7 41- 27-3 40- 27-7 40- 42-7 36-1 .38-0 37- 36- BO- 31' 27' 28- 31-8 32-6 31-6 32-7 60-9 54-3 52-5 53-6 55-3 44-9 49-0 40-5 45-6 44-3 44-9 44-9 44-8 Appendix F. 609 Females. jIor TAL ITY IX 189 1-1900 AT AG] ES -15 AND 45-70, ETC. — coiUinued Females, 1891- 1900. 0-15. 45- 50— 5.5- 60— 65— 70— Towns (industrial) {continved) — Cockermoutli . . 15 • 6 8-4 11-6 15-6 22-4 32-3 50 9 Barrow-in-Furness . IT- 7 10-8 13-4 17-5 25-8 43-6 56 Penzance .... 18 7 7-4 9-9 12-6 18-7 28-5 41 4 Falmouth 14 3 8-9 11-6 13-8 19-8 28-8 42 7 Luton . U 7 8-2 10-1 14-2 18-1 29-7 46 Swindon . i 13 1 9-3 11-G 15-7 21-9 31-2 41 2 Grimsby . 18 5 9-9 10-6 14-4 21-1 81-1 42 2 Tilbury . . I 1^ 1 7-8 9-4 13-2 18-1 27-0 44 4 Rugby . I 10 8 7-0 9-5 12-7 17-8 25-9 42 8 Wellingborough 1 14 7-1 8-7 11-9 16-8 26-4 39 8 Kettering . 15 5 6-5 8-6 12-3 17-5 29-0 45 2 ]\011om . . 14-5 8-4 9-0 12-3 20-3 29-6 47-5 Colliery districts — Wigan i 22-0 18-5 16-4 21-7 30-4 46 3 65-0 Wrexham 1 17-5 12"2 14-4 18-5 25-0 38 3 60-6 Glamorgan . 1 20-2 12-3 14-7 18-7 26-7 39 2 54-9 Durham . 1 20-2 12-3 15-2 19-2 26-1 37 8 56-4 Barnsley . \ 19-7 11-4 14-3 18-5 25-1 36 7 58-7 Cannock . 1 15-2 8-0 9-9 13-6 18-4 32 48-4 Chesterfield . 1 17-2 9-2 11-9 15-9 22-2 33 7 51-3 Nuneaton ! 16-9 8-8 10-5 16-4 20-9 34 7 48-8 Ashby-de-la-Zouch . ' 15-3 8-9 10-8 13-G 18-7 30-0 47-7 Old towns — 1 Maidstone . . .15 4 13-2 16 3 20-3 26-8 39 55-6 Worcester ! 18 4 11-7 15 i 19-0 24-1 37 1 50 8 Chester . 15 3 12-5 15 6 19-2 26-0 35 5 52 Wakefield . 19 7 11-8 14 9 20-0 26-7 41 6 56 9 Gloucester 17 5 11-8 13 5 17-8 25-0 35 1 49 Carlisle . 15 4 12-9 15 6 20-2 28-2 40 8 60 1 Derby . 17 9 11-4 13 7 17-9 25-5 38 56 2 York . . . 17 7 12-1 13 8 18-2 25-1 37 9 56 3 Northampton 16 9 10-0 13 15-9 21-1 32 6 50 1 Exeter 15 2 9-9 12 15-6 20-9 32 5 46 Cambridge 13 5 9-4 11 7 15-5 22-8 34 4 43 4 Oxford . . ; 13 6 9-5 12 2 15-8 21-8 33 1 49 7 King's Lynn . 1 16 8 10-8 13 8 16-8 22-8 36 8 45 7 Coventry . 1 1"^ 6 9-9 12 8 17-6 22*2 34 9 51 Ipswich . ' 14 8 10-9 12 7 16-5 21-5 31 48 3 Reading . 14 6 10-0 11 5 15-5 21-1 30 9 45 2 Norwich . 17 •8 9-7 11 5 15-2 20-8 31 2 44 7 Lincoln . 15 •3 10-6 12 2 15-6 21-2 32 9 47 3 Yarmouth 17-2 8-7 1 10-3 13-2 18-7 29-7 40-2 Old military tuwns - Plymouth ... 18 -.T 10-3 140 16-8 22-7 34-3 47-3 Portsmouth . . . 17 '0 11-2 13-4 1 17-1 23-1 33-8 48-6 Colchester . . . 16-3 8-9 10-8 i 13-4 20-1 31-0 44-3 Chatham .... 16-:{ 9-3 11-9 1 15-3 21-7 31-3 43-1. 2 R 610 England's Becent Progress. Femalks. Mortality in 1881-1890 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, ktc. —continued. Females, 1SS1-1S90. 0-15. To- other military places — Canterbury Godstone . Windsor . Farnham . Salisbury . Dover . Folkestone Aldershot, North Weymouth . Sheerness. Deal . . . St. German's. Residential (with asy- lums) — Uxbridge . Morecambe INIalvern . Rhyl . . Leamington Watford . Guildford Residential (Brighton, &c.)— South port Blackpool Brighton . Bath . . Llandudno Thanet . Harrogate Scarborough Hastings . Residential (other places) — Bournemouth Cheltenham Worthing . Weston-super-Mare Eastbourne Reigate . Isle of Wight Tunbridge Southend . Torquay . Staines Bedford . Heme Bay Poole . . Cromer Clacton Miscellaneous — Brentwood . Maidenhead . Easthampstead . 17-2 10-2 13-1 15-8 10-8 14-2 14-9 11-0 12-5 12-9 11-7 14-2 14-2 17-6 10-8 12-6 13-2 12-9 11-3 12-8 11-5 10-7 13-4 16-6 10-6 13-2 9-8 11-0 11-3 11-0 12-7 10- 10- 9- 11- 10- 10-0 9-7 4 12- 3 16- 9 12- 6 Il- •8 ls- •7 11- •7 11- •9 8- •7 11- •1 11 •0 12 •9 11 15-3 8-8 8-1 10-7 10-9 11-9 11-1 9-7 9-9 9-7 10-5 10-0 9-6 11-2 10-3 10-6 10-4 7-9 10-0 17-3 10-7 9-9 15- 20- 16- 14- 18- 14- 13- 11- 16- 13-8 14-0 14-0 19-4 22-1 14-7 20-8 16-8 17-8 17-4 16-8 17-3 15-6 16-6 16-6 16-9 14-7 15-8 14-3 13-6 14-4 15-1 13-8 12-6 12-9 11-7 13-0 14-5 12-8 14-5 13-3 13-0 14-0 10-6 11-9 22-4 14-6 12-0 23-1 29-4 21-9 19-4 24-8 19-9 18 15 21 21 18 17 25- 26- 18' 26- 22- 25' 2-2 • 23-8 23-3 20-2 22-5 20-8 22-3 21-1 21-8 18-8 16-8 17-2 18 18 18 21 18 17 20 15 16 27-4 22-4 16-7 35' 40- 35- 30' 36' 30' 27' 24' 29' 29 28' 27-8 34-5 34-3 29-1 33-8 33-1 30-1 30-4 30-7 27-0 26-6 30-4 26-9 27-7 25-7 25-8 27-9 28-5 29-2 27-0 310 26-8 25-5 29-2 24-6 23-5 43-0 31-2 27-0 35 5 44- 36 9 57- 31 45- 36 8 53- 31 4 41- 36 52 30 6 45 45- 63- 45- 43- 48- 37- 39- 38- 38- 37-0 400 40-3 48-0 50-7 40-7 44-8 42-3 39-4 50-3 43-3 38-6 51-5 40-8 40-8 Appendix F 611 Females. :Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, ETC. — colli iniied. Females, 1891- 19UU. 0-15. 45- 50— 55— 60- 65— 70— Other military places — Canterbury . 16 •3 10-2 12 •2 16 •2 21 •2 33-2 47 ■2 Godstonc .... 8 •2 11-6 13 •9 18 •2 28 •3 43-7 60 •5 Windsor .... 12 •1 8-1 10 4 13 •5 19 2 28-9 45 3 Farnham .... 14 •6 8-8 12 3 16 •1 20 •0 28-2 41 7 Salisbury .... 11 •4 10-8 12 6 16 •0 22 4 31-1 46 9 Dover 14 5 9-4 11 14 2 18 27-4 43 5 Folkestone 13 •4 8-7 10 1 13 17 8 24-9 36 7 Aldershot, North 12 7 7-4 8 2 11 2 15 9 25-2 40 1 Weymouth . 11 7 8-4 10 6 14 2 17 4 28-4 45 3 Sheerness. 15 5 9-7 12 5 17 •0 19 6 28-8 45 6 Deal 11 7 1-1 9 3 13 3 17 6 24-6 38 7 St. German's. 11-9 8-7 9-0 13-1 20-5 29-3 37-6 Residential (with asy- lums) — Uxbridge .... 13 7 13-7 15 6 19 3 26-0 35-7 55-2 Morecambe . 17 1 13-6 17 5 22 6 31-5 42-9 Gl-8 Malvern .... 9 8 10-6 12 8 16 2 19-9 31-2 39-3 Rhyl 13 8 13-6 15 5 19 28-9 41-8 53-2 Leamington . 13 2 10-6 13 16 4 20-4 32-0 46-4 Watford .... 10 9 9-6 11 7 15 4 22-6 35-0 54-5 Guildford. . . . 11-5 9-8 11-5 15-0 19-6 30-4 45-0 Residential (Brighton, &c.)— Southport 15 7 10-4 13-0 16-8 23-2 33-5 50 4 Blackpool 16 4 10-5 14-1 18-3 24-2 86-5 51 8 Brighton ... 16 4 9-0 11-8 15-7 20-0 29-5 42 8 Bath 13 4 8-8 11-5 15-5 19-7 30-3 45 5 Llandudno . 13 7 9-6 12-6 15-4 21-1 30-5 46 J Thanet .... 15 6 9-8 11-6 15-1 19-1 28-4 43 4 Harrogate 14 6 8-2 12-1 15-7 21-2 34-2 51 6 Scarborough . 15 3 10-0 12-4 15-3 20-3 31-2 49 6 Hastings .... 12-8 8-9 10-6 13-7 18-7 27-9 39-7 Residential (other places) — Bournemouth 12 4 8 1 9 5 11 6 15 5 24-1 3(; Cheltenham . 14 6 8 10 1 13 5 18 4 29-1 46 7 Worthing .... 13 8 8 7 10 8 13 16 9 25-1 37 9 Weston-super-Mare . 10 9 7 2 9 2 12 4 19 4 28-5 41 2 Eastbourne . 12 5 7 8 9 7 12 6 17 2 25-0 40 7 Reigate .... 10 1 5 9 8 4 11 8 16 7 24-8 40 9 Isle of Wight . . 10 1 8 2 9 6 12 4 17 2 25-5 40 3 Tunbridge 12 4 8 3 9 5 12 4 18 2 26-9 39 8 Southend .... 13 3 7 3 10 2 13 8 18 2 28-4 41 3 Torquay .... 12 6 7 7 9 8 12 8 18 2 27-9 42 4 Staines .... 12 8 8 3 10 9 13 5 18 25-2 46 7 Bedford .... 11 5 7 8 7 11 8 16 7 26-1 40 9 Heme Bay . 10 9 7 6 7 8 11 2 17 7 26-5 39 6 Poole 13 5 8 8 10 6 13 2 If 5 24-5 40 1 Cromer .... 11 2 8 10 1 11 6 15 9 25-1 33 8 Clacton .... 12"2 8-4 9-3 11-2 17'0 25-4 38-7 Miscellaneous — Brentwood . 11-2 16-0 19-5 25-5 31-8 46-3 54-8 Maidenhead . 12-0 7-7 9-7 13-4 18-7 26-8 409 Easthampstoad . 9-9 5-7 8-5 HI 16-6 25-4 36-2 2 B 2 612 En.glnnd'fi Bccrnt Progress. Females. Moutaeity in 1881-1890 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, etc. — continued. Females. 1881-1890. 0-15. 45— .■so- 55— 60— 65— 70— Ivural residues — Denbigh and Flint . 13-5 9 9 il 3 15-5 22-3 31-4 47 2 Carnarvon and Anglesey 14-7 11 1 12 5 15-7 20-6 29-0 44 7 Lancashire and Cheshire . 15-2 11 5 13 3 16-0 22-8 33-7 57 8 Carmarthen, Pembroke, Ac. 12-9 10 4 11 5 14-2 19-4 28-8 41 8 Salop and Hereford . 12-7 9 4 10 7 13-5 19-2 29-5 43 6 Stafford, Worcester, &c. 12-7 9 5 10 7 13-5 18-5 27-9 42 8 IMonmouth and Brecon . 12-8 9 5 10 8 13-4 19-3 29-2 42 Montgomery, &c 12-7 10 2 10 7 13-2 18-8 27-9 42 6 Durham and Northumber-^ land f 12-5 11-9 10 6 1 12 10 1 6 15-6 14-0 22-2 19-0 30-7 28-6 48 42 8 Gloucester and Somerset 3 Cumberland and Westmore-) land j 11-1 13-3 8 10 8 1 11 11 4 14-1 14-1 19-6 20-4 29-4 29-3 4G 44 Leicester, Derby and Notts. 4 Wilts and Dorset .... 11-2 9 1 11 1 14-0 19-1 28-9 44 York .... 13-6 12-6 11-3 9 8 8 7 7 7 11 10 10 5 3 4 14-0 13-2 13-2 19-8 18-3 18-3 28-9 28-4 27-7 43 40 41 8 Devon .... 8 Hants and Berks . 8 Cornwall . 15-2 8 1 9 8 12-5 18-2 26-7 41 7 Kent and Surrey . 12-4 9 10 7 13-5 19-0 27-3 39 2 Bucks and Oxford 12-6 9 1 10 7 13-3 19-3 27-7 44 1 Sussex .... 10-0 11-9 9 8 2 1 10 9 3 8 13-2 12-4 18-3 18-0 27-7 260 40 39 5 Essex and Herts . 2 Xorthampton, &c. 13-2 8 5 9 9 12-6 17-6 26-1 38 8 Lincoln and Rutland 13-6 8 6 10 1 12-3 17-4 25-7 38 7 Norfolk and Suflfolk . 12-2 8-6 91 11-8 16-5 24-S 36-0 Appendix F. 613 Females. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, -etc.— continued. — - Females, 1891 -1900. 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— Rural residues — Denbigh and Flint . . . 14-4: 11-3 13-9 16-8 23-5 37-0 54-0 Carnarvon and Anglesey 14-5 10-2 12-6 15-6 21-9 33-9 50-1 Lancashire and Cheshire 15-9 9-4 12-0 15-2 23-5 33-5 52-5 Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c. 14-0 10-4 12-5 14-9 20-9 31-7 48-0 Salop and Hereford . 11-8 8-9 10-8 13-7 19-0 29-6 46-3 Stafford, Worcester, &c. . 13-0 9-1 10-4 13-6 19-2 29-9 44-5 Monmouth and Brecon . 12-4 8-6 10-8 14-2 20-6 28-9 45-8 Montgomery, &c.. 12-9 10-2 11-3 13-9 20-0 31-0 48-2 Durham and Northumber ■} land 12-8 11-1 9-1 8-2 10-8 10-1 14-5 13-3 20-9 19-1 82-9 30-3 51-7 Gloucester and Somerset 43-9 Cumberland and Westmore-'i land / 11-4 13-7 8 " 9 3 10-2 10-3 13-3 14-0 20-0 20-0 29-6 30-8 46-G Leicester, Derby and Notts 4G-6 Wilts and Dorset . 10-0 7 9 9-9 13-4 19-8 28-9 44-7 York 13-2 R >s 10 "5 13-9 12-2 12-1 20-2 18-2 18-0 29-6 28-8 27-4 47-4 48-3 42-5 Devon 11-6 7 6 9"3 Hants and Berks . 10-5 7 3 8-8 Cornwall .... 12-5 7 9 10-0 12-7 18-7 28-4 4G-0 Kent and Surrey . 12-2 7 8 10-0 13-1 17-7 26-6 41-3 Bucks and Oxford 11-4 7 6 9-5 12-6 18-3 27-7 48-8 Sussex 10-0 7 s 9-7 8-8 12 '8 18-3 17-5 28-0 26-6 42-5 42-0 Essex and Herts . 11-0 7 6 12-1 Northampton, &c. 12-1 7 9 9-5 12-1 16-8 2G-7 41-7 Lincoln and Rutland 12-7 8 9-3 11-3 16-8 25-5 41-4 Norfolk and Suffolk . 11-G 7-5 9-0 11-8 16-2 25-6 40-1 C.ll KiuilaiuVi^ licccnt ProtjrcfiS. Malks. :Mortality in 1881-1890 at Ages 15-45. Males, 18S1-1S90. Large tovms — I\Ianchester . Liverpool Sheffield Leeds . Birmingham London Nottingham HiiU . Bristol Leicester 25— ■1 9 3 11 4 15 •4 9 6 11 9 15 •1 7 9 9 5 13 •4 7 6 8 7 12 •0 6 8 8 5 11- •6 7 3 9 4 12- •6 7 7 9 1 12- •2 7 6 8 8 11- ■4 7 3 8 6 10- 8 6 3 7 6 9- )-5 )-9 S-1 !-2 .•4 i-5 !-4 .-7 )-8 1-5 To\\-iis (textile manufactv res) — 1 i Oldham . . . . i 5-2 5-6 , "^'^ i 9-0 10-6 14-4 Preston 4-5 5-1 ' 6-8 9-4 12-4 17-3 Bury . 4-1 4-8 6-0 7-6 9-1 12-4 Rochdale 1 4-3 6-1 6-3 7-0 8-6 12-5 Ashton-under-Lyne > 4-5 6-3 6-8 8-1 9-3 12-5 Bolton 4-1 4-5 5-8 7-3 8-7 12-5 Blackburn . 4-9 5-1 6-4 7-5 9-3 12-6 Halifax 4-0 4-8 5-9 7-2 8-8 12-4 Glossop 4-9 5-4 6-5 7-4 8-7 9-6 S'uockport . 4-4 5-0 6-8 8-5 9-5 13-1 Saddleworth 4-1 4-8 6-1 6-8 7-7 10-8 Macclesfield . 3-7 4-3 5-4 7-0 9-0 12-4 Huddersfield 4-4 5-3 6-8 8-2 9-7 12-8 Haslingden . ' 3-8 4-3 5-2 6-1 7-4 100 Bradford 4-2 4-9 6-0 7-3 8-7 11-8 Wharfedale . 3-G 3-7 4-9 6-2 7-2 10-0 Todmordeu . 4-1 4-5 5-4 6-2 7-5 9-1 Keighley 5-1 5-3 5-8 6-9 8-0 11-4 Burnley 4-5 4-9 5-7 6-6 7-6 10-0 Dewsbury . 4-5 4-9 5-6 6-4 7-7 10-9 Kidderminster 3-7 4-2 5-0 5-8 6-9 9-3 Leek . 3-4 4-1 5-3 5-8 7-3 9-1 Towns (industrial) — Stafford .... 3-3 4-9 8-2 11-5 13-9 18-2 Potteries 3-7 4-1 5-4 6-9 8-9 13-2 Redruth 1 4-2 5-4 6-1 7-3 9-1 12-1 Middlesbro' . 1 4-5 5-4 6-9 8-0 8-9 10-7 Southampton i 2-9 4-5 7-3 8-7 10-3 12-5 Walsall , 3-7 3-8 4-7 5-7 7-3 9-9 Wolverhampton . 3-5 3-7 4-5 5-6 7-0 9-5 Burton-on-Trent . 3-1 3-8 5-2 6-7 8-1 11-2 Rotherham . 4-2 4-3 5-2 5-8 6-6 8-8 Whitehaven 40 4-6 5-9 6-9 7-9 9-7 Crewe . 3-3 3-6 4-5 5-5 6-7 8-5 Helston 3-5 4-5 5-6 6-1 , 6-8 9-7 Doncaster . 3-4 3-5 4-5 5-4 ! 6-7 8-7 Cockermouth 3-9 4-3 5-9 6-5 7-6 9-8 Appendix F. CI 5 Males. IMortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 15-45. , JNlales, 1891-1900. 15— 20— 1 25— 30— 35— 40— Large towns — Manchester .... 3-9 4-2 6-8 7-7 10-0 14-3 Liverpool 4-2 4-3 5-9 8-4 10-7 14-4 Sheffield . 3-4 3-4 4-5 5-9 7-8 11-6 Leeds . 3-8 4-1 5-2 6-3 7-9 10-6 Birmingham 2-9 3-2 4-7 1 6-5 8-3 11-5 London 3-2 3-4 4-7 i 6-3 8-2 11-1 Nottingham 3-1 3-7 4-9 6-5 8-0 10-6 HuU . 3-4 4-0 5-5 6-6 8-3 11-2 Bristol 3-1 3-6 4-8 6-2 7-7 10-5 Leicester 3-1 3-5 4-7 ! 5-6 6-4 8-2 Towns (textile manufactures) — Oldham . . . . | 4-4 4-6 5 •9 1 7-5 9 8 13-9 Preston 3-4 4-4 5 •9 7-9 10 2 14-6 Bury . 3-5 3-9 5 •1 6-6 8 7 12-6 Rochdale 4-1 4-4 5 •3 6-5 8 5 12-3 Ashton-under-Lyi le 3-7 4-1 6 •1 6-6 8 7 12-G Bolton 3-5 4-0 6 •2 6-5 8 3 11-5 Blackburn . 1 3-6 4-0 4 •8 5-8 7 5 10-6 Halifax 3-4 3-7 4 •6 5-7 7 4 10-3 Glossop 3-2 4-0 5 •4 6-5 8 3 11-8 Stockport 3-5 3-7 5 1 6-7 8 5 12-1 Saddleworth \ 3-3 4-2 6 1 61 7 2 9-5 Macclesfield 2-7 30 4 4 6-3 8 11-2 Huddersfield 3-7 4-0 6 1 6-1 8 11-3 Haslingden . 3-6 3-7 4 5 5-5 6 8 9-3 Bradford 3-6 4-0 4 8 5-7 7 1 10-2 Wharfedale . 3-0 3-9 5 3 6-6 9 2 14-2 Todmorden . 2-8 3-0 4 1 5-5 7 9-1 Keighley 3-8 4-2 4 9 5-6 6 8 9-8 Burnley 3-7 4-0 4 7 5-5 6 6 9-1 Dewsbury . 4-2 4-4 5 1 6-0 7 3 10-0 Kidderminster 2-7 3-2 4 4 5-9 6 7 8-7 Leek . 2-9 3-1 3-6 5-3 6-1 7-G Towns (industrial) — Stafford .... 3 1 4-5 7 2 11-2 15-1 18-5 Potteries 3 3 3-5 4 4 5-G 7-7 11-1 Redruth . 3 4-4 5 4 7-2 8-9 11-1 Middlesbro' . 3 5 4-6 6 7-5 9-2 11-8 Southampton 2 8 4-1 7 9-2 9-9 11-3 Walsall 3 3 3-5 4 2 5-3 7-1 9-8 Wolverhampton . 3 1 3-4 4 5 6-0 7-3 9-6 Burton-on-Trent 2 4 3-1 4- 5 6-2 8-4 10-9 Rotherham . 3 2 3-3 4- 4-7 5-8 7-9 Whitobaveri 3 2 3-9 4- 9 6-7 7-2 8-G Crewe . 2 G 2-6 3- 7 4-8 6-0 8-3 Helstou 3 3 4-4 5- 8 6-2 6-7 7-1 Doncaster . 3 1 3-2 4- 4-9 Gl 7-9 Cockermouth 3-2 3-5 4-4 4-8 5-7 7-4 616 EnglamVs Becent Progress. Males. Mortality in 1881-1890 at Agks 15-L5—continufJ. ilales. 1881-1S90. 15— •20— .5- 30— 35— 40— Towus (industrial) (continued)^ Ban-ow-in-Funiess . . i 4-1 4-5 5 4 5-G 6-4 8-7 Penzauce 2-9 4-3 4 8 5-8 6-9 8-4 Falmouth . 3-4 5-8 5 4 6-0 7-5 9-4 Luton 3-0 2-9 3 9 5-6 7-3 9-7 Swindon ' 3-3 3-9 4 6 5-1 6-2 7-3 Grimsby 3-8 4-7 5 2 6-4 7-8 9-4 Tilbury 4-7 4-2 4 4 5-4 6-9 9-5 Kugby. 2-9 3-5 4 5-2 G-5 8-G Wellingborough ' 2-8 3-7 4 5 5-0 5-4 7-1 Kettering . 2-8 3-0 3 6 4-4 5-7 6-7 Millom 2-9 3-9 4-8 5-1 5-6 7-G Colliery districts — Wigan .... 4 3 4-5 5 7 6-7 8-3 11-0 Wrexham . 4 5 4-9 5 5 6-6 7-8 10-2 Glamorgan . 4 7 5-4 6 7 7-9 9-0 11-4 Durham 4 8 5-5 6 4 7-2 8-2 10-6 Bamsley 4 4 4-3 5 3 6-3 7-5 10-3 Cannock 3 3-3 3 9 4-6 5-5 7-0 Chesterfield 3 6 3-9 4 5 4-8 5-5 7-4 Nuneaton . 3 4 3-G 4 3 5-2 5-7 7-2 Ashby-de-la-Zouch . 3-0 3-2 3-6 4-1 4-8 6-6 Old towns— Maidstone . . . .4 5 2 6 8 9 3 11 1 15 8 W^orcester . 3 5 4 7 6 2 8 10 1 14 5 Chester 3 9 4 5 6 3 8 4 10 4 13 7 Wakefield . 5 5 4 6 7 7 9 9 7 13 3 Gloucester . 3 7 4 4 5 8 8 10 3 13 1 Carlisle 4 4 7 6 8 9 10 4 13 6 Derby . 3 4 4 1 5 6 6 5 7 1 9 3 York . 3 9 5 1 6 8 8 3 10 2 13 5 Northamptou 3 8 4 1 5 4 7 3 9 8 11 5 Exeter 4 2 5 4 6 5 7 9 9 8 11 9 Cambridge . 3 5 4 3 5 4 6 2 9 8 13 4 Oxford 3 3 4 5 6 6 5 8 7 11 7 King's Lynn 4 2 4 9 6 2 7 1 8 8 12 8 Coventry 3 3 4 1 5 5 6 2 7 4 10 7 Ipswich 3 5 4 4 6 1 7 7 9 2 10 9 Reading 3 4 4 1 5 3 5 9 7 5 10 3 Norwich 3 1 3 9 5 5 6 6 8 4 10 1 Lincoln 4 4 8 6 3 7 4 8 9 12 1 Yarmouth . 3-4 4-8 6-0 6-9 8-8 10-6 Old military towns — Plymouth .... 4-0 5-2 5-8 7-6 9-8 13-1 Portsmouth. . . . 3-6 4-5 6-8 8-8 10-7 13-5 Colchester . . . . 3-6 4-8 5-9 7-9 9-1 11-5 Chatham . . . . 3*7 4-2 5-5 6-0 7-0 10-0 Other military places — Canterbury . . . . 4-5 6-1 8-8 10-3 12-1 18-3 Godstone . . . . 3*2 6-4 10-1 10-1 12-8 17-3 Windsor . . . . 3-8 3-2 4-8 60 B-l 11-4 Appendix F. 617 Males. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 15-45 — continued. Males, 1891-1900. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— Towns (industrial) (continued) — Barrow-iu-Furnes s 2-G 2-9 4-0 4-7 5-8 8-1 Penzance 2-9 3-9 5-0 5-8 6-4 8-4 Falmouth . 4-0 5-7 6-0 8-0 8-5 10-2 Luton 2-4 2-5 3-5 5-1 6-2 8-0 Swindon 2-1 2-9 3-7 4-3 5-0 6-6 Grimsby 3-2 3-6 4-6 5-3 6-1 7-9 Tilbury 3-2 3-5 4-7 4-9 5-5 7-4 Rugby. 2-4 2-9 3-9 5-2 5-9 7-0 Welliugborough 2-5 3-3 3-9 5-1 5-6 6-8 Kettering 2-7 3-3 3-7 4-2 4-8 5-9 Millom 2-4 3-1 4-4 4-7 5-G 0-9 Colliery districts — Wigan .... 3-6 3-9 5-0 6-6 8-4 11-2 Wrexham . 3-2 3-8 4-5 5-4 6-9 9-8 Glamorgan . 3-8 4-4 5-3 6-2 7-5 10-1 Durham 3-9 4-6 5-5 6-6 7-7 9-8 Barnsley 3-4 3-6 4-6 5-4 7-0 9-3 Cannock 2-9 3-4 3-9 4-4 5-1 6-3 Chesterfield 2-8 3-2 3-9 4-7 5-6 7-0 Nuneaton . 2-7 3-4 4-0 4-6 5-5 6-6 Ashby-de-la-Zouch 2-7 3-0 3-8 5-0 5-7 6-8 Old towns — Maidstone .... 4-1 5-2 7-3 10-2 12-3 15-3 Worcester . 3-7 3-7 4-9 7-0 9-0 12-3 Chester 3-2 3-9 5-5 7-1 8-8 11-9 Wakefield . 3-3 3-6 4-9 6-4 8-4 11-2 Gloucester . 4-3 4-6 6-1 7-9 9-3 12-3 Carlisle 3-3 4-5 6-3 7-6 9-4 11-5 Derby . 3-1 3-3 4-7 5-8 7-6 10-0 York . 3-0 3-6 5-2 6-5 8-2 11-9 Northampton 3-2 4-0 5-2 6-7 8-0 9-8 Exeter 3-6 4-3 5-8 7-6 8-9 11-7 Cambridge . 3-1 4-2 5-5 6-6 8-5 11-2 Oxford 2-9 3-3 4-8 6-2 8-1 10-7 King's Lynn 3-5 4-6 5-0 6-7 8-3 9-9 Coventry 2-7 33 4-3 5-7 7-7 10-4 Ipswich 3-2 3-9 5-6 7-2 9-0 10-9 Heading 2-7 3-2 4-5 5-6 7-1 90 Norwich 2-9 3-8 5-0 6-0 7-1 8-7 Lincoln 2-8 3-6 4-8 (>-0 7-6 9-4 Yarmouth . 3-1 3-6 5-3 (;-9 8-3 9-8 Old military towns — Plymouth .... 3-3 4-7 5-3 6-7 8-4 10-4 Portsmouth. 3-0 3-9 5-8 7-2 8-7 11-7 Colchester .... 3-4 4-8 5-5 5-9 (;-7 9-4 Chatham 3-0 3-G 5-5 5-9 7-0 9-1 Other military places- Canterbury . Godstone Windsor 2-5 2-6 2-8 3-9 4-3 2-9 5-9 60 50 G-4 7-0 5-8 90 8-9 7-4 12-9 11-8 10-8 «18 KnglancCs Recent Progresn. M.vi.rs. I\IoKT\:.iTv in ISSl IS'.K) at Acks \:^-\h — nuitiuurd. Ma es, 1881-189(.). ir.— 20— I 2.5- 30— 35— 1 40— Other military places (coiitd.) - Farnham .... 2-G 3-4 6-6 6 •0 7-2 10 7 iSalisbui-y 2-'J 3-2 4-4 6 •9 9-6 12 Dover . 2-6 3-9 6-2 7 •2 90 10 9 Folkestone . 30 3-2 5-0 6 •3 8-0 10 1 Aldershot, North 2-8 3-1 4-8 3 •9 5-4 7 4 Weymouth . 2-6 4-3 5-3 5 •5 6-9 8 8 Sheerness . 3-5 3-1 3-7 4 5 5-3 8 3 Deal . 2-9 4-9 4-4 5 G 6-2 7 9 St. German's 4-7 4-7 5-4 6-3 7-9 8-6 Residential (with asylums) — Uxbridgo . . . . 2-9 3-0 5-3 8-8 12-9 16 5 IMorecanibe . 4-7 6-3 8-6 10-2 12-7 17 1 Malvern 3-0 3-6 4-7 8-0 11-8 18 8 Rhyl . 5-3 5-8 7-6 10-0 11-6 13 5 Leamington 3-2 4-3 5-6 8-0 9-6 12 Watford 3-2 3-5 5-7 8-2 10-0 13 6 Guildford . 2-8 3-5 5-8 9-2 12-6 15-8 Residential (Brighton, &c.) — Southport . . . .4-1 4-6 6 1 7-5 9-3 12-9 Blackpool . 4-3 4-5 6 1 7-8 8-5 11-1 Brighton 3-4 8-8 5 2 6-6 8-1 11-0 Bath . 3-5 4-1 5 5 8-0 10-1 13-3 Llandudno . 3-7 3-8 5 G-3 8-2 10-9 Thanet 60 5-3 G 6 8-7 10-1 12-4 Harrogate . 3-2 3-4 4 8 6-3 7-9 11-8 Scarborough 2-8 3-9 5 7 7-1 8-1 10-2 Hastings 3-1 3-7 5-5 7-7 9-2 11-7 Residential (other places) — Bournemouth 3-6 5-6 9 8 14 1 15 4 16-5 Cheltenham 3-0 3-2 4 3 7 3 9 3 11-4 Worthing . 30 4-0 5 3 6 8 8 9 10-9 Weston-super-Mare 3-0 4-2 6 2 7 8 8 8 10-2 Eastbourne . 3-3 3-3 4 3 5 7 6 9-8 Reigate 4-1 5-2 5 4 5 8 6 8 7-5 Isle of Wight 3-1 5-1 7 7 10 1 11 4 12-1 Tunbridge . 2-8 3-3 4 6 6 2 7 5 9-6 Southend 3-4 4-2 5 5 4 6 1 8-3 Torquay 3-1 4-2 5 7 6 9 7 9 9-7 Staines 4-1 3-3 4 5 5 9 7 4 10-2 Bedford 3-2 3-4 3 6 4 4 5 8 7-5 Heme Bay . 3-7 3-9 4 7 6 2 6 9 8-5 Poole .... 2-9 4-2 5 3 6 1 7 8-6 Cromer 8-4 4-1 4 9 5- 5 6 8 6-9 Clacton 3-4 3-7 4-4 4-8 6-1 7-8 Miscellaneous — Brentwood .... 3-9 5-0 7-8 12-6 18-8 21-6 Maidenhead 31 3-1 4-4 5-5 7-2 10-4 Easthampstead . 3-1 2-6 2-8 61 7-7 8-7 Appendix F. 619 Males. ^Moia'ALirY ix 18'J1 -I'JOO at Ages 15-45 — continued. Males, 1891-1900. 15— 20- 25— 30— 35— 40- Other military places (contd.) — Parnham .... *2-l 3-3 4 8 4-5 6-2 9-5 Salisbury .... j 2-0 2-1 4 1 6-3 7-7 10-7 Dover ..... J 2-6 3-4 5 5-5 6-6 9-4 Folkestone .... 2-5 2-8 4 6 5-6 7-6 10-2 Aldershot, North . *l-6 2-5 3 8 3-7 5-0 7-1 Weymouth .... *2-0 3-8 4 4 5-2 6-3 8-6 Sheerness .... 2-3 2-3 3 8 4-9 6-1 8-4 Deal 2-2 3-6 4 6-5 6-6 8-1 St. German's *2-0 2-6 3-9 5-5 6-2 8-1 Residential (with asylums) — 1 Uxbridge .... 3-4 3-5 5 4 8 5 11-5 16-2 ^lorecambe .... 4-1 4-3 5 7 7 1 9-5 12-5 Malvern .... 1 2-9 4-7 5 4 8 4 9-9 13-2 Rhyl 1 3-4 4-0 6 3 9 1 12-1 15-0 Leamington ' 2-9 3-9 5 7 8 3 9-2 12-2 Watford .... 2-4 3-3 5 4 7 1 8-7 11-2 Guildford .... 3-0 3-2 4-9 6-9 8-2 11-1 Residential (Brighton, &c.) — Southport .... 3-1 3-6 5-3 7-3 8-7 11-0 Blackpool . 3-2 3-6 4-9 7-0 9-0 12-5 Brighton 2-7 3-4 4-9 6-5 7-7 10-2 Bath . 3-0 3-3 4-9 6-6 8-2 10-5 Llandudno . 3-3 4-0 5-7 7-5 9-2 11-8 Thanet 4-1 4-1 5-8 7-9 9-2 12-3 Harrogate . 2-8 3-0 4-9 7-0 7-9 9-7 Scarborough 2-8 3-7 5-0 G-4 7-7 9-8 Hastings 2-8 3-5 5-6 7-4 9-1 10-9 Residential (other places) Bournemouth 3 6 5 8 9-4 120 12 9 14-6 Cheltenham 2 5 2 7 4-0 5-9 7 1 . 8-7 Worthing 3 6 3 7 5-7 7-8 9 101 Wcston-super-Mai •e 2 5 3 5-5 7-3 7 9 8-1 Eastbourne . 2 3 2 8 4-0 5-9 6 5 8-1 Reigate 3 3 7 3-9 4-3 5 G 7-8 Isle of Wight 3 1 4 6 7-1 8-7 9 G 11-8 Tunbridge . 2 9 3 3-9 5-5 G 2 7-2 Southend 3 4 3 7 4-8 5-4 6 4 8-9 Torquay 2 7 3 7 5-3 6-8 7 7 8-9 Staines 2 1 2 3-7 4-8 G 3 8-2 Bedford 2 4 2 8 3-3 5-4 G 7 7-7 Heme Bay . 2 5 3 4-0 5-2 G 5 8-6 Poole . 2 4 2 5 3-7 4-9 5 4 7-4 Cromer 2 6 3 3 4-1 4-8 4 G 6-2 Clacton 2-8 3-1 4-0 4-9 5-4 6-4 ^liscellaneous — Brentwood .... 3-4 4-G 7-3 11-0 14-6 21-2 Maidenhead 3-2 3-7 4-9 5-6 63 7-7 Easthampstead . n-6 t2-l 3-2 3-8 4-9 7-7 * I'hese low rates are due Id tliu jireseiice of youiiK niilitnry iiml naval men. •f- 'i'liese low rates ari; due to tin; iircsi;iii'e of caclets ut f^amlliiiist College. 620 England's Becent Progress. Males. Mortality in 18S1-1890 at Ages Ib-ib— continued. 16— ilales, 1881-1890. 20— I 25— . 30— 35— 40- Pairal residues — Denbigh aiid Flint Carnarvon and Anglesej' Lancashire and Cheshire Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c Salop and Hereford Stafford, Worcester, &c.. Monmouth and Brecon . ^lontgomery, &c. . Durham and Northumberland Gloucester and Somerset 3G 4-G 3-4 4-6 3-0 2-9 4-4 G-0 40 6-0 3-5 G-4 7 4 9-1 9 3 5-7 G 7 8-G 9 3 G-0 7 4 5-7 7 5-3 8 1 7-0 7 9 6-9 8 1 5-8 < 2 8-8 10-5 8-5 10-0 9-3 9-1 8-6 9-0 9-7 8-G Cumberland and Westmoreland 2-8 3 7 5 5 8 G 5 8-2 Leicester, Derbv and Notts . 3-4 g 9 4 7 5 5 G 6 8-4 Wilts and Dorset . 2-9 3 3 4 2 5 7 7 3 8-2 York 3-5 4 4 7 5 7 G G 8-1 Devon . 3-1 3 9 4 9 G 7 4 9-0 Hants and Berks 2-G 3 1 4 1 5 7 7 3 8-4 Cornwall 3-5 4 3 5 G 1 7 5 8-9 Kent and Surrey 3-1 3 4 4 4 5 8 7 2 8-7 Bucks and Oxford 2-9 3 2 4 1 5 6 G 9 8-2 Sussex . 3-1 3 5 4 6 5 9 7 3 8-7 Essex and Herts 3-2 3 3 4 1 5 8 fi 9 8-2 Northampton, &c. 3-3 3 6 4 4 5 G G 8 7-9 Lincoln and Kutland 3-2 3 8 4 5 5 4 6 4 7-7 Norfolk and Suffolk 3-0 3-G 4-5 5-5 6-7 7-4 Appendix F. 621 Males. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 15-4:5— continued. Males, 1891-1900. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35- 40— Rural residues * — Denbigh and Flint 3-5 3-8 4-7 G 7-G 9-1 Carnarvon and Anglesey 3-6 4-7 6-3 7 3 8-2 9-5 Lancashire and Cheshire 2-9 3-4 4-2 5 1 6-1 7-7 Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c. 4-0 5-3 6-8 7 7 8-4 9-3 Salop and Hereford 2-8 3-2 4-1 5 5 6-6 8-5 fStafiord, Worcester, &c. . 2-6 30 4-1 5 5 6-5 8-1 Monmouth and Brecon . 2-8 3-6 4-5 5 7 6-6 7-7 Montgomery, &c. . 3-2 4-5 5-8 6 9 7-8 8-5 Durham and Northumberland 3-3 4-1 5-0 5 8 6-5 7-9 tGloucester and Somerset 2-5 3-1 4-1 5-6 6-2 7-5 Cumberland and Westmoreland 2-5 3-2 4-1 5-2 6-3 7-8 Leicester, Derby and Notts . 2-8 30 3-9 5-0 5-8 7-2 Wilts and Dorset . 2-5 3-1 4-1 5-3 6-0 7-2 York . 2-7 3-3 4-1 5-0 5-8 7-2 Devon . 2-8 3-4 4-2 5-5 6-0 7-0 Hants and Berks . 2-4 2-7 3-6 5-0 5-7 7-1 jCornwall 3-1 3-7 4-4 5-7 6-3 7-4 Kent and Surrey . 2-7 3-0 3-9 4-9 5-8 7-4 Bucks and Oxford . 2-6 2-8 3-4 4-7 5-5 6-5 Sussex . 2-6 2-9 3-9 5-2 6-2 7-9 Essex and Herts . 2-6 2-8 3-7 5-0 5-7 6-9 Northampton, &c. . 2-6 3-1 3-9 5-0 5-6 6-9 Lincoln and Rutland 2-6 3-2 4-0 5-0 5-6 6-7 Norfolk and Suffolk 2-G 3-1 3-9 4-9 5-2 6-0 * In the order of the rates of mortality at ages 50-65 as shown in the preceding Table, t It is worthy of note that at these ages the Stafford grovip shows a state of mortality reseniblins thnt i)f <;i<)\icester and Somerset. i The figures for Cornwall are a little above those for Devon. 622 England's Bccent Progress. FE>rALES. Mortality in 1881-1890 at Ages 15-45. Females, 1881-1890. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— Large towns — Manchester .... 4-6 4 8 6 4 8-0 9 9 12 4 Liverpool 4-8 4 7 6 5 8-6 11 13 5 Sheffield 4-6 4 6 5 9 7-2 8 6 10 7 Leeds . 4-6 4 6 6 1 7-6 8 8 10 7 Birmingham 3-3 3 6 4 8 6-1 7 1 9 9 London 3-6 3 5 4 6 5-9 7 4 9 5 Nottingham 4-2 4 9 6 1 7-2 8 9 11 2 Hull . 4-4 4 5 5 9 7-3 8 8 10 4 Bristol 3-6 4 5 1 6-0 7 2 9 1 Leicester 3-2 3-7 4-9 5-9 7-2 8-5 Towns (textile manufactures) — Oldham . . . . 5-0 5 6 7 8 2 9 6 11 2 Preston 1 4-2 5 1 7 2 9 1 11 7 13 7 Bury . 3-6 4 5 6 2 7 5 8 4 10 1 Kochdale 4-5 6 4 6 6 7 2 7 9 9 2 Ashton-under-Lyr e 4-4 5 6 7 2 8 9 10 8 Bolton 3-9 4 6 6 1 7 2 8 6 10 5 Blackburn . 4-2 4 7 6 7 8 8 11 Halifax 4-2 5 3 6 2 6 8 7 3 8 7 Glossop 4-2 5 1 5 9 6 5 7 5 9 Stockport . 3-9 5 6 9 8 2 9 6 11 5 Saddleworth 4-9 6 6 7 8 1 9 10 2 Macclesfield. 4-1 4 9 6 1 7 6 8 7 11 Huddersfield 4-5 5 5 6 7 7 2 8 3 9 9 Haslingden . 4-2 4 7 5 7 6 7 8 9 4 Bradford 4-4 5 5 6 6 7 4 8 3 9 9 Wharfedale . 4-0 4 8 6 6 7 7 6 8 5 Todmorden . 4-1 4 6 5 3 5 8 6 5 8 1 Keighley 5-6 6 4 7 1 7 3 8 2 9 7 Burnley 4-1 4 8 6 1 6 9 8 1 9 8 Dewsbury . 4-8 5 8 6 6 7 8 9 7 Kidderminster 3-5 4 2 4 9 5 2 6 2 7 4 Leek . 3-4 4-6 6-4 8-0 9-2 9-7 Towns (industrial) — Stafford .... 3-7 4-7 6 8 9-4 11 6 14 5 Potteries 3-7 4-5 6 5 7-9 9 4 11 5 Bedruth 3-5 4-0 4 4 5-8 6 6 7 9 ]\Iiddlesbro' 4-2 4-9 6 8 8-3 9 5 10 3 Southampton 3-1 3-5 4 8 5-9 7 5 8 7 WalsaU 3-3 3-8 5 2 6-2 7 3 9 Wolverhampton 3-4 3-7 5 6-2 7 4 8 6 Burton-on-Trent 3-3 4-1 6 4 7-9 8 6 9 6 Eotherham . 4-6 5-1 6 7 7-4 8 1 9 1 Whitehaven 4-1 4-7 6 1 7-0 8 5 9 1 Crewe 3-1 3-9 5 7 6-9 7 9 9 3 Helston , 4-3 6-1 6 7 7-2 7 8 8 3 Doncaster . ! 3-8 3-9 5 3 6-4 7 5 9 1 Cockermouth , 3-8 4-2 5-3 6-5 7-3 8 5 Appendix F. 623 Females. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 15-45. remales, 1891-1900. 15- i 20— 25- 1 30- 35— 1 40— Large towns — Manchester .... 3-6 3-6 4-9 6-5 8-6 11-4 Liverpool . 3-7 3-6 5-1 7-2 9-5 12-6 Sheffield . 3-4 3-4 4-5 5-6 7-1 9-4 Leeds . 3-8 3-9 4-7 5-5 6-9 9-1 Birmingham 2-8 2-8 3-9 5-2 6-9 9-1 London 3-0 2-9 3-7 4-7 6-2 8-4 Nottingham 2-8 3-3 4-6 5-7 6-8 8-8 Hull . 3-2 3-5 4-6 5-8 7-2 9-1 Bristol 2-9 3-2 4-1 4-9 6-2 8-0 Leicester 2-9 , 1 3-1 3-8 J 4-6 5-8 7-5 Towns (textile manufactures) — ! Oldham .... 4-3 4-6 5-7 i 6-9 8-2 9-9 Preston 3-5 4-0 5-5 7-2 9-3 12-0 Bury . 3-7 4-0 5-3 6-6 8-1 9-4 Bochdale 3-6 3-9 4-9 6-1 7-6 9-4 Ashton-under-Lyn e 3-4 3-8 4-9 6-4 7-8 9-5 Bolton 3-5 4-0 5-1 6-1 7-4 9-3 Blackburn . 3-4 3-8 5-1 6-1 7-3 9-3 Halifax 3-6 4-0 4-5 5-3 6-3 8-0 Glossop 3-9 4-2 5-3 6-2 7-5 9-4 Stockport . 3-4 3-7 4-8 6-3 7-6 9-2 Saddleworth 3-1 3-6 5-3 61 7-0 7-8 Macclesfield . 3-1 3-6 4-9 (1-4 7-2 8-8 Huddersfield 4-4 3-7 5-2 5-8 0-7 7-8 Haslingden . 3-3 3-9 5-0 5-9 6-9 8-1 Bradford 3-6 4-1 5-1 5-9 7-0 8-5 Wharfedale . 3-2 3-9 4-9 6-4 8-2 10-3 Tc'''Morden . 3-1 3-1 4-2 5-0 5-6 6-6 Keiguiey 4-2 4-8 5-6 6-1 7-0 8-1 Burnley 3-5 3-6 4-7 5-8 7-0 8-6 Dewsbury . 4-3 4-5 5-2 6-4 7-4 8-5 Kidderminster 2-5 3-1 3-8 4-5 5-4 6-8 Leek . 3-0 4-2 6-4 7-7 8-0 9-4 Towns (industrial) — Stafford .... 3-2 4-1 6-3 8-1 10-3 13-4 Potteries 3-3 3-5 4-8 6-2 8-1 10-8 Redruth 2-9 3-7 4-5 4-8 4-6 6-1 Middlesbro' 3-6 3-8 5-3 6-9 8-1 9-9 Southampton 2-8 2-7 3-7 4-8 6-4 8-4 Walsall 3-2 3-3 4-2 5-6 70 9-2 Wolverhampton 2-9 3-0 4-2 5-6 6-9 8-4 Burton-on-Trent 2-8 3-1 4-5 6-1 7-3 8-4 Rotherham . 3-2 3-6 4-8 5-8 6-9 8-5 Whitehaven 3-8 4-3 5-4 5-9 7-2 8-5 Crewe . 3-4 3-6 4-5 5-3 6-7 7-8 Helston 2-9 3-6 4-9 fi-2 6-6 7-1 Doncaster . 3-2 3-3 4-1 5-2 i 6-4 7-4 Cockermouth 2-7 2-9 4 5-0 5-9 71 624 England's Becent Progress. Females. Mortality in 1881-1890 at Ages 15-45 — conlinncd. Females, 1881-1890. !•'- ; 2(1— 2.5— 30— 40- Towns (industrial) {continued) — , Barrow-in-Furness 4 3 1 5-1 1 6-6 7- 4 1 8-3 10- Penzance 3 6 ' 4-5 i 50 5- 9 7-2 8- 2 Falmouth 3 5 3-8 [ 4-6 , 4- 7 60 8- 7 Luton 3 2 3-3 , 4-3 5- 8 7-2 7- 9 Swindou 4 4 4-9 ; 6-4 1 6- 8 •< 7-6 9- 2 Grimsbv 3 9 4-6 i 5-8 1 6- 5 8-1 8- 7 Tilbury 4 8 3-4 4-9 ! 5- 7 1 7-2 8- 1 Rugby 8 8 4-2 5-5 ' 5- 7 ' 5-8 6- 7 Wellingborough 3 5 4-3 5-0 : 6- 2 6-6 7- 8 Kettering . 3 3-7 4-8 , 5- 7 6-8 6 8 IMillom 3-9 4-6 5-9 7-0 8-0 9-3 Colliery districts — Wigan .... 4-2 4-7 6-4 7-9 9-3 10 7 Wrexham . 4-5 5-1 7-6 9-4 10-2 10 7 Glamorgan . 1 4-6 5-2 7-0 8-6 i 9-8 11 3 Durham 4-8 5-6 7-1 8-3 9-7 11 2 Barnsley 4-8 5-1 7-0 8-1 \ 8-9 10 8 Cannock 3-6 3-8 4-9 5-6 6-6 7 4 Chesterfield , 3-8 4-3 G-1 7-0 7-8 8 7 Nimeaton . 3-7 4-9 6-4 6-3 ■ 7-4 8 3 Ashby-de-la-Zouch 3-5 4-3 5-5 5-8 6-3 8-7 Old towns — Maidstone .... 4-4 5-0 6-6 7 9 9-3 11 1 Worcester . 3-8 4-4 5-3 6 4 8-3 10 G Chester 3-8 4-4 6-0 7 7 9-3 11 Wakefield . ! 4-9 5-3 7-3 8 8 9-7 11 7 Gloucester . 1 4-1 4-4 5-4 7 1 9-0 10 1 Carlisle 1 4-0 5-2 6-7 8 6 9-5 11 1 Derby . 3-4 4-6 5-7 6 4 7-6 8 6 York . 4-4 5-2 6-1 7 5 9-2 11 •0 Northampton 8-6 4-2 5-2 6 5 8-2 1 10 •4 Exeter 8-9 4-5 5-4 6 •4 7-9 9 •6 Cambridge . 8-1 3-5 4-3 5 •4 6-7 8 •5 Oxford 8-2 3-7 4-2 5 ■8 7-2 8 •7 King's Lynn 8-4 4-0 4-6 5 •6 7-1 i 9 •3 Coventry 8-2 4-1 4-9 5 ■2 6-5 t 8 •6 Ipswich 3-8 4-5 5-7 6 •9 8-3 ' 9 •7 Reading 3-0 8-2 4-4 5 •7 7-1 8 •5 Norwich i . 8-3 4-1 5-1 5 •9 7-4 8 •9 Lincoln 4-2 5-5 7-1 8 •3 9-2 10 •4 Yarmouth . 3-0 3-8 4-8 6-1 7'5 8-7 Old military towns — Plymouth .... 4-3 4-4 5-6 6-6 7-9 9-2 Portsmouth. 4-1 4-3 5-5 6-9 8-5 9-9 Colchester .... 4-7 5-1 5-1 5-2 6-5 ;. 9-1 Chatham .... 4-1 4-1 5-2 6-6 7-5 9-2 Other military places — Canterbury .... 5-0 6-6 7-7 8-2 9-2 10-6 Godstone .... 3-4 5-0 7-2 9-1 11-2 140 Windsor .... 3-3 3-7 . 4-5 5-5 6-3 . 7.4 Appendix F. 625 FE:irALES. Mortality in 1891-1900 at Ages Ib-iS—cojitimied. Females, 1891- L900. 15— 20— 25— 30- 35— 40— Towns (industrial) (continued)— Barrow-in-Furness 3-2 3-1 4-2 5-6 7-1 9-0 Penzance 3-2 3-4 4-2 4-9 5-2 6-3 Falmouth . 2-8 3-6 4-5 6-0 6-1 7-3 Luton 2-5 2-8 3-6 4-2 5-0 6-1 Swindon 8-1 3-2 3-8 4-3 5-7 7-1 Grimsby 3-4 3-7 4-9 5-6 6-6 7-9 Tilbury 3-0 2-6 4-2 5-1 5-4 6-2 Rugby 2-7 2-9 3-7 4-3 4-5 5-2 Wellingborough 3-0 3-8 4-3 4-6 5-1 6-0 Kettering . 2-4 2-6 3-5 4-3 5-1 5-3 Millom 3-0 3-3 4-7 4-9 6-0 7-4 Colliery districts — Wigan .... 3 5 3-9 5-4 6 9 8 4 10-6 Wrexham 3 5 4-2 6-0 7 5 9 10-2 Glamorgan 3 7 4-2 5-7 7 1 8 5 10-4 Durham 3 9 4-3 5-7 6 9 8 4 10-2 Barnsley 3 6 3-8 5-1 6 1 7 3 9-2 Cannock 2 7 2-6 4-2 5 9 6 8 6-5 Chesterfield 3 3-5 4-8 5 6 6 6 7-6 Nuneaton 2 9 3-3 4-3 5 5 6 5 7-2 Ashby-de-la- Zouch 2-5 2-9 4-4 5-1 6-6 8-1 Old towns — Maidstone .... 4 2 4 5 6-2 7 4 9 11-6 Worcester . 3 2 3 3 4-1 4 9 6 5 8-8 Chester 3 1 3 5 4-9 6 2 8 10-1 Wakefield . 3 4 4 5-4 6 9 8 3 9-9 Gloucester . 4 2 4 2 5-3 6 5 8 2 9-5 Carlisle 3 4 4 6 G-2 7 6 8 5 11-1 Derby . 2 8 3 2 4-6 5 8 7 3 9-1 York . 3 3 4 4-9 6 1 7 3 9-4 Northampton 3 3 5 4-5 5 7 6 6 7-8 Exeter 3 5 4 3 5-3 5 4 6 1 7-7 Cambridge . 2 8 3 5 3-8 4 4 6 1 7-7 Oxford 2 5 2 9 3-4 4 1 5 2 7-2 King's Lynn 3 6 3 9 4-2 4 8 6 1 8-5 Coventry 2 5 2 5 3-6 5 3 6 7 7-6 Ipswich 3 5 4 2 4-9 5 5 6 9 8-7 Reading 2 9 3 3 4-1 5 6 1 8-0 Norwich 2 7 3 2 4-3 5 3 6 3 7-5 Lincoln 3 3 3 8 4-8 6 1 7 4 9-0 Yarmouth . 2-7 2-8 3-7 4-9 GO 7-1 Old military towns- Plymouth .... 30 3-8 5-0 6-0 7-1 8-2 Portsmouth. 3-6 3-9 5-0 5-8 7-0 8-9 Colchester .... 3-7 4-6 4-4 5-0 6-3 7-7 Chatham .... 3-4 30 4-0 4-9 5-7 7-6 Other military places — Canterbury .... 4-1 4-4 4-7 5-6 7-1 8-3 Godstone .... 2-1 2-9 4-5 6-4 6-8 8-7 Windsor . 30 3-5 4-1 4-4 5-3 6-4 2 s 626 Englnnrl's Recent Progress. Fkmai.k> ^. "Mortality in 1881-1890 at Agks 15-45— roH/ijn/rrf. Females, 1881-1890. 15— 1 20- 25— 30— 35— 40— Other military places {contd.) — Farnham . . . . ' 4-3 ■ 4 1 6 4 6-3 7-0 8 •5 Salisbury 3-1 4 1 5 4 7-1 9-2 10 •6 Dover . 2-9 8 4 4 2 5-0 6-3 8 ■1 Folkestone . 2-9 2 6 8 5 4-7 6-1 8 •0 Aldershot, North 2-8 2 9 4 5 5-2 5-9 7 •0 Weymouth . 8-0 3 4 4 8 5-2 5-7 G •9 Sheerness 4-0 4 9 6 2 6-8 8-4 9 •2 Deal . 4-1 8 5 4 1 5-2 6-G 7 •4 St. German's 5-2 5-1 5-9 6-6 7-6 8-G Bosidential (with asylums) — Uxbridge 3-4 3 9 6-0 7-4 9-1 11 ■3 IMorecambe . 4-1 5 2 6-6 8-8 11-2 13 •6 ]\Ialvern 3-0 3 9 4-9 6-2 8-2 9 •6 Rhyl . 4-4 5 8 7-6 9-4 10-2 11 •6 Leamington 2-7 3 4 4-2 5-1 6-7 7 •9 Watford 8-6 4 5-2 6-4 7-6 9 •2 Guildford . 4-0 4-4 5-4 6-8 8-8 9-3 Residential (Brighton, &c.)— Southport . 8-4 3-7 4-8 6-0 7-6 8 8 Blackpool . 3-9 4-8 6-0 7-8 8-8 10 7 Brighton j 3-0 3-2 8-9 5-0 6-2 8 Bath . 3-1 3-5 4-2 4-9 6-4 8 2 Llandudno . .3-7 4-2 5-2 6-0 6-8 7 3 Thanet 4-0 4-4 5-2 6-2 7-7 9 Harrogate . 2-9 3-7 4-5 5-5 6-9 9 3 Scarborough 8-3 4-2 5-2 6-0 7-6 8 5 Hastings 8-1 8-7 4-7 6-8 7-0 8-1 Residential (other places) — Bournemouth 8-3 4-2 5-5 6-8 8-1 8 G Cheltenham 8-1 8-4 3-6 4-7 6-4 7 3 Worthing . 3-0 3-8 4-1 5-0 6-4 7 1 Weston-super-Mare 3-0 3-6 4-3 4-8 6-0 7 6 Eastbourne . 3-1 8-2 4-0 4-9 6-3 7 6 Reigate 3-4 8-7 4-2 4-5 4-9 6 8 Isle of Wight 3-4 8-9 5-2 6-4 7-5 7 7 Tunbridge . 3-4 4-1 4-9 5-5 6-9 7 8 Southend 4-0 4-1 5-0 5-5 6-5 7' 5 Torquay 3-0 3-9 4-8 5-5 6-5 6- 9 Staines 3-7 3-4 4-3 4-9 5-8 7- Bedford ! 3-1 3-4 4-3 5-2 6-2 6- 6 Herns Bay . 3-8 3-8 4-2 4-9 6-0 7- 5 Poole .... ! 4-0 8-6 4-7 6-7 7-7 7* 8 Cromer 3-0 3-7 5-1 6-2 7-2 8- Clacton 4-1 4-4 6-4 7-0 7-8 8-0 Miscellaneous — Brentwood .... 3-9 3-6 6-2 9-4 10-9 12-9 Maidenhead . . . : 3-9 3-4 4-2 4-9 5-9 7-2 Easthanipstead . . . 2-0 3-1 5-4 5-4 6-4 6-9 Appendix F. f)27 Females. IMortality in 1891-1900 at Ages 15-45 — continued. Females, 1891-1900. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— Other military places (conid.) — Farnham .... 3 1 3-1 4-4 5-3 5-8 6-9 Salisbury 2 3 2-8 4-0 5-1 6-0 8-5 Dover . 3 3 3-0 3-7 4-7 5-6 7-0 Folkestone . 2 5 2-9 3-8 4-3 5-3 70 Aldershot, North 3 2-6 3-3 4-1 4-9 5-8 Weymouth . 2 2 2-9 3-9 4-9 6-2 7-1 Sheerness . 3 2-7 3-7 5-0 6-5 6-7 Deal . 2 9 3-0 3-4 3-9 4-9 6-1 ■ St. German's 3-8 4-6 4-4 4-9 5-4 6-9 Residential (with asylums) — Uxbridge 3-6 3-1 4-9 5-4 7-2 10-2 Morecambe . 3-8 4-6 6-4 7-9 9-0 10-8 Malvern 2-1 3-2 4-4 5-6 6-7 8-5 Rhyl . 3-8 4-4 5-4 6-7 9-1 11-6 Leamington 2-9 3-6 4-0 4-8 5-9 7-8 Watford 2-6 2-8 3-8 4-6 5-5 7-6 Guildford . 3-3 3-7 5-0 6-3 7-0 7-9 Residential (Brighton, &c.) — Southport .... 3-1 3 = 5 4-3 5.2 6-3 8.1 Blackpool . 3-2 3-3 4-8 5-9 6-9 8-6 Brighton 2-7 2-7 3-2 4-0 5-2 7-0 Bath . 2-4 2-8 3-3 4-1 5-2 6-5 Llandudno . 3-2 3-5 4-8 6-0 G-8 7-8 Thanet • 4-2 3-7 3-7 4-1 5-3 7-3 Harrogate . 2-6 2-6 2-9 3-8 4-8 6-2 Scarborough 3-2 3-3 4-1 5-3 6-5 7-6 Hastings 3-2 3-5 4-1 4-7 5-6 7-4 Residential (other places) — Bournemouth 2-6 3-4 4-4 5-0 6-0 7-1 Cheltenham 2-5 2-8 3-2 3-8 4-6 G-0 Worthing . 4 3 4-0 4-8 4-9 5-8 6-9 Weston-super-Mare 2-5 3-5 4-4 5-1 5-G 6-0 Eastbourne . 2-1 2-6 3-0 3-4 4-4 5-8 Reigate 2-8 3-2 3-5 3-9 4-5 4-9 Isle of Wight 3-0 4-0 4-7 4-8 5-5 6-5 Tunbridge . 2-7 2-8 3-8 4-7 5-7 G-8 Southend 3-8 3-9 4-7 5-0 5-G 5-8 Torquay 3-0 3-7 4-6 5-0 5-5 6-3 Staines 2-8 2-7 3-1 3-2 3-9 6-0 Bedford 2-3 2-3 2-8 3-4 4-3 5-4 Heme Bay . 2-5 2-9 3-8 4-9 5-4 G-7 Poole . 2-9 3-3 4-2 4-7 5-6 6-9 Cromer 3-2 3-2 4-1 4-G 5-3 6-2 Clacton 3-7 3-7 4-6 5-1 5-7 6-9 Miscellaneous — Brentwood .... 3-5 4-4 fi-9 8-8 10-9 13-8 Maidenhead 2-fi 2-2 3-1 3-G 4-4 5-7 East Hampstead . 2-G 2-6 3-6 4-0 4-9 5-3 2 s 2 628 England's Becent Progress. Females. :Moktality in 1881-1890 at Agks 15 -id—continued. Females, 1881-1S90 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— Rural residues — Denbigh and Flint . . .4-5 5-5 7-2 8-8 9-4 98 Carnarvon and Anglesey 5-G 6-5 7-6 9-1 9-9 10-4 Lancashire and Cheshire 1 3-7 4-5 6-0 7-5 8-4 10-2 Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c. 4-7 5-7 6-7 7-6 8-7 9-6 Salop and Hereford 3-5 3-9 5-2 6-7 7-7 8-5 Stafford, Worcester, &c. 3-3 4-0 5-4 6-3 7-1 8-3 Monmouth and Brecon . 3-9 4-5 5-9 6-9 7-6 8-3 Llontgomery, &c. . 4-5 5-9 7-7 8-8 9-7 9-8 Durham and Northumberland 4-4 5-7 7-1 8-2 9-1 9-6 Gloucester and Somerset j 3-5 1 4-1 5-2 6-0 6-7 7-8 Cumberland and Westmoreland 3-5 4-5 5-6 6-3 7-0 7-9 Leicester, Derby and Notts . 3-5 4 5 6-0 6-6 7-9 8-6 Wilts and Dorset . 3-4 4-3 5-5 6-4 7-1 7-9 York 3-8 4-7 6-0 7-0 7-8 8-7 Devon . 3-5 4-2 5-3 6-3 7-2 8-0 Hants and Berks 3-2 3-7 5-0 5-8 6-7 7-3 Cornwall 3-9 4-8 5-8 6-6 7-1 7-4 Kent and Surrey 3-6 4-1 5-4 6-3 6-9 7-9 Bucks and Oxford 3-2 3-5 4-8 5-6 6-7 7-8 Sussex . 3-4 3-8 5-4 6-4 7-0 8-0 Essex and Herts 3-5 4-0 5-4 6-2 6-6 7-1 Northampton, &c. . 3-8 4-6 5-9 6-7 7-3 7-8 Lincoln and Rutland 3-9 4-7 5-9 6 9 7-6 8-2 Norfolk and Suffolk 3-7 4-4 5-6 6-4 7-1 7-7 Appendix F. 629 Females. Mohtality in 1891-1900 at Ages 15-45 — continued. _ [Temales, 1891-1900 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— Rural residues — Denbigh and Flint 4-0 4-4 5-8 G-9 8-4 9-8 Carnarvon and Anglesey 4-6 5-0 6-1 7-2 8-1 8-9 Lancashire and Cheshire 2-9 3-3 4-G 5-8 6-7 8-1 Carmarthen, Pembroke, &c. 4-3 5-2 6-2 7-1 S-0 9-0 Salop and Hereford 2-9 3-3 4-4 5-4 6-3 7-4 Stafford, Worcester, &c.. 2-9 3-2 4-3 5-3 G-3 7-G Monmouth and Brecon . 3-4 3-8 5-0 6-2 7-2 7-5 jMontgomery, &c. . 3-9 4-8 6-5 7-9 8-9 9-2 Durham and Northumberland 3-6 4-5 5-7 6-4 7-3 8-1 Gloucester and Somerset 2-8 3-3 4 3 5-0 5-7 G-8 Cumberland and Westmoreland 2-9 3-4 4-4 5-5 6-5 6-9 Leicester, Derby and Notts . 2-9 3-4 4-5 5-3 6-4 7-2 Wilts and Dorset . 2-9 3-3 4-3 4-9 5-5 6-4 York . 3-1 3-9 4-8 5-5 6-1 7-1 Devon . 3-0 3-5 4-4 5-0 5-5 G-3 Hants and Berks 2-5 2-9 4-0 4-6 5-i 5-9 Cornwall 3-2 4-0 4-8 5-6 6-0 G-8 Kent and Surrey 3-3 3-4 4-3 4-7 5-4 G-3 Bucks and Oxford 2-7 2-9 3-7 4-5 5 1 G-1 Sussex . 2-8 3-3 4-4 4-9 5-G 6G Essex and Herts 3-0 3-3 4-2 4-8 5-3 6-9 Northampton, &c. 3-0 3-4 4-4 5-2 5-8 6-G Lincoln and Ilutla id 3-1 3-5 4-7 5-4 G-1 6-8 Norfolk and Suffolk 3-1 3-6 4-6 5-3 5-7 G-3 630 England' .H Bcccnt Progress. Decexni.\l Losses by Death, of Peksoxs Aged G5 and Upwards AT the Commencement op a Decennial Pebiod. The numbers of such persons dying within the next ten years are large in comparison with the numl)ers of survivors. Tlie mean of the commencing and ending populations does not equal the average number exposed to risk, and therefore does not furnish a satisfactory measure of the mortality during the interval. As the activ-ity of migration is much diminished towards the end of life, it has been thought expedient to use the commencimj population as a measure of the number of deaths. The following Table shows that many of the towns whose principal industry is the manufacture of textile fabrics are to be found in the list of places showing heavy mortality at high ages. The majority of rural residues and healthy places show losses not exceeding 70 per cent, of the commencing population of males, 67 per cent, of that of females. Loss of Males j Loss of Females 1891-1900. not over 70 , percent. up to 73 per cent. 1 up to 76 per cent. over 76 per cent. not over 67 per cent. up to 70 per cent. up to 73 per cent. over 73 per cent. 22 Towns (textile) 1 2 2 17 2 1 G 13 10 Large towns .... 2 4 4 1 4 2 3 6 Industrial (Wolverhampton, &c.) 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 7 „ (Middlesbro', &c.) . 2 2 3 2 4 1 12 ,, (Southampton, &c.) . G 3 2 1 7 3 1 1 9 Colliery districts . 1 4 3 1 3 2 3 1 19 Old towns .... 1 4 3 11 3 5 7 4 7 Residential (with asylums) 2 5 .. 2 1 4 9 „ (Brighton, &c.) . 1 4 3 1 4 2 1 2 .3 ,, (special) 1 1 1 2 1 •• 13 „ (other) 9 2 1 1 11 1 1 4 Military towns 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 ,, (other places) . 7 2 1 2 8 1 1 1 2 3 Miscellaneous 2 .. .. 1 i 2 1 24 Rural 19 4 1 20 4 53 35 26 46 68 34 26 32 Appendix F. A similar Table for the previous decennium is subjoined : — 681 Males ieniales 18S1-1S90. not over 70 per cent. up to 73 per cent. up to 76 per cent. over 76 per cent. not over 67 per cent. up to 70 per cent. up to 73 per cent. over 73 per cent. 22 Towns (textile) 1 2 8 16 2 1 2 17 10 Large towns 1 2 7 1 4 5 6 Industrial (Wolverhampton,'! &c.) / 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 7 Industrial (Middlesbro', &c.). 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 12 „ (Southampton, &c.) 4 1 5 2 8 2 2 •• 9 Colliery districts . 2 2 1 4 3 1 8 2 19 Old towns .... 5 9 5 8 6 8 2 7 Residential (with asylums) . 1 1 2 3 4 1 2 9 „ (Brighton, &c.) . 2 4 3 3 4 1 1 3 ,, (special) 2 1 2 1 •• 13 ,, (other) 8 3 2 9 4 4 Military towns 2 1 1 2 1 1 12 „ (other places) . 8 2 2 9 2 1 8 Miscellaneous 2 1 1 1 1 24 Rural 18 6 21 3 160 49 25 36 50 65 32 29 34 The contrasts here shown would ])e still more strikin;^' if allowance could be made for the composition of the commencing population (aged 65 and upwards) which in liealthy districts includes a much higher per- centage of aged persons than in unhealthy ones. Enough, however, is visible to satisfy us that in the seats of textile manufactures and in the large and old towns cases of high mortality predominate, as also in places where there are important lunatic asylums, the colliery districts ranking next. On the whole, the number of districts where death rates at these high ages are moderate has increased. A Table, showing the actual ratios of loss, in which the districts are arranged in three categories in the order of the death rates for males in the second decennium, is added. If we compare the 32 places where the mortality among males at these ages was highest in 1891-1900 with the 32 places whore similar mortahty among females was higliest, we find 24 places in both lists. The remaining eight are as under. (3oi2 EiujlaiuVs lieccut Progress. lu the list of high male rates : — Halifax, i, York, Reading, Colchester, Dewsbury, l Northamptou, l Oxford, Southend, and in the hst of high female rates : — Manchester. Glossop. l Barnsley. l Stafford. Keighley. Barrow. l Wakefield. Harrogate. The 24 places where the death rates were high for both sexes were : — Leeds. Rochdale. l Preston. r. Brentwood. Nottingham. l Wharfedale. Derby. l Rhyl. Burnley. Bolton. l Gloucester. l Uxbridge. Oldham. Bury. l INIaidstone. l Watford. Ashton-under-Lyne. Todmorden. Canterbury. Blackpool. Blackburn. Stockport. l Godstone. l Llorecambe. The sign l indicates a county lunatic asylum or other asylum not restricted to the locality. On a comparison of the 32 places other than county residues, where the mortality amongst males in 1891-1900 was lowest, with 32 places where similar mortality amongst females was lowest, we find 22 in both lists, whilst the following ten showed low ratios for males only : — Cockermouth, Wellingborough, Chatham, Barrow, Staines, Dover, Cannock, Tunbridge, Weymouth, Brighton, and low ratios in the case of females only were met with in : — Millom. King's Lynn. Bournemouth. Nuneaton. Bedford. Cheltenham. Grimsby, Thanet. Weston-super-ilare. Hastings, The 22 places where the death rates were low for both sexes were : — Saddle worth. Helston. Eastbourne. Deal. Rugby, Penzance. Isle of Wight, Aldershot, North. Tilbury. Cromer. Poole. St. German's. Swindon. Clacton. Torquay. Easthampstead. Falmouth. Heme Bay. Sheerness. Maidenhead. Redruth, Reigate. All these hsts include industrial as well as residential places, whilst those with low i-ates for males include several military districts. A'p'pendlx F. 633 Deaths per cent, on Commencing Population op Persons who at the Close of the Decennium were aged 75 Years and upwards in the order of Male Ratios for the Second Decennium. 10 years' deaths per t ent. Age T.") and 10 years' deaths per cent. Age 75 and upwards at end of Males. Females. upwards at end of Males. Females. Decennium. Decennium. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-QO. 1881-90. 1891-00. Towns and indus- fCambridge . 76-0 75-1 64-2 67-5 trial places — • Birmingham . 77 1 74 9 71 8 69 6 Burnley 83 9 84 1 80 5 75 5 Durham group 76 5 74 9 73 2 71 4 Oldham 88 2 82 4 80 5 74 2 Doucaster . 72 8 74 2 66 5 69 7 Leeds . 82 5 81 1 77 5 73 4 Potteries . 80 2 74 1 75 68 7 Ashton -under-) Lvne . . . / 80 9 81 1 76 4 70 6 Leek Crewe . 70 74 4 6 74 73 1 6 69 71 9 5 70 71 5 6 *tOxf6rd . . . 76 1 80 9 68 7 72 6 Leicester . 74 5 73 5 70 6 68 3 *York 75 3 80 7 71 5 71 6 fSouthampton . 74 9 73 5 68 1 67 3 *Maidstone . 76 3 80 7 70 7 75 4 *Chester 71 6 73 5 67 71 3 Blackburn . 83 7 80 5 77 3 73 9 Glossop 74 1 73 4 62 2 75 1 Rochdale . 80 9 80 4 75 74 6 ^Portsmouth 73 6 73 4 71 6 69 9 *Wharfedale 72 80 4 74 5 77 6 * Macclesfield . 73 2 72 9 73 2 72 8 Halifax 78 8 80 3 74 9 71 9 Wolverhampton 74 5 72 8 67 9 67 6 Bolton . 81 2 80 1 75 2 73 3 Loudon 75 6 72 7 70 2 68 7 Dewsbury . 80 4 80 74 2 71 7 *Norwich 74 4 72 7 69 3 67 3 Bury 82 7 79 7 76 1 73 7 Chesterfieldl group . . / 72 5 73 4 70 1 72 1 Todmorden 83 3 79 6 75 2 77 9 tDerby . . . 71 79 1 72 1 73 7 Millom . . . 61 4 72 3 62 3 64 7 {Reading 72 78 9 67 3 70 3 *Ipswich 73 7 72 1 68 2 70 7 Stockport . 81 5 78 7 77 8 74 Bristol . 72 1 72 67 3 06 1 *tGloucester . 76 4 78 7 72 4 73 6 Yarmouth . 73 5 71 8 67 4 66 2 *Preston 80 78 6 75 4 74 Kettering . 73 4 71 8 66 6 69 3 *tNorthampton . 83 5 78 3 79 8 72 4 Luton . 74 8 71 5 72 3 66 6 fColchester . 81 1 78 2 74 2 71 8 Walsall . . 75 8 71 4 70 4 68 5 Sheffield . . 82 4 78 76 72 1 Rotherham 72 8 71 3 73 1 68 1 Nottingham . 80 7 78 73 4 72 Glamorgan) 73 8 71 1 06 9 67 4 *Staf[ord . . 77 8 77 6 69 6 76 5 group . . j ^Lincoln 75 77 5 72 1 69 4 Nuneaton . 69 4 70 7 65 3 64 7 Haslingden 80 4 77 4 76 4 69 6 Plymouth . 69 7 70 6 67 5 65 5 Manchester 82 2 77 3 76 4 73 2 Grimsby 68 70 5 66 6 65 2 Bradford . 80 1 77 1 76 1 71 7 Ashby - de - la -\ 70 7 70 08 65 4 Huddersfield . 80 9 77 72 7 70 4 Zouch . . j o *Carlisle 75 76 9 72 6 72 7 Kidderminster 70 70 4 65 9 66 5 Coventry . 74 8 76 7 70 7 67 4 *Exetor . 72 8 70 3 67 7 65 3 tWorcester . 76 76 7 70 5 67 7 King's Lynn . 72 1 69 6 64 1 1 64 9 Keighley . 78 8 76 5 79 1 75 8 Chatham . (i9 9 69 1 68 3 66 8 Wrexham . 78 3 76 5 72 1 08 2 Cockermouth . 74 9 69 69 1 68 5 Whitehaven . 74 1 76 2 66 3 70 Redruth 75 4 69 64 7 04 *Wigan group . *Wakefield . . 77 78 2 9 76 76 73 75 3 71 73 5 7 Barrow-in-Fur-' ness . . .j' 69 6 68 8 72 1 73 4 *Barnsley group 78 5 75 9 73 7 74 3 Helston 71 3 68 7 63 8 61 *Bur t on - on -i Trent . . / 79 4 75 8 70 1 71 2 Rugby . . . Penzance . 64 69 7 1 68 68 5 2 66 64 65 2 ! 59 9 Middlesbro' 77 4 75 4 74 8 69 9 Wellingborough 74 6 67 8 63 4 . 68 5 Liverpool . 78 9 75 2 73 8 71 9 Cannock 66 67 7 64 3 ! 66 Hull . . . 80-3 75-1 71-1 68-2 Falmouth . 68-2 67-3 65-2 ' 62-4 County liiratic asylum. f Important hospital. 634 EmjUouVs Bccent Progress. Deaths per cknt. on Commencing Population of Persons who at the Close of the Decennium were aged 75 Years and upwards in the order op Hale Ratios for THE Second Decennium — co7itimu'd. 10 years' deaths per cent. Age 75 and 10 years' deaths per cent. Age 75 and upwards at end of Males. Females. | upwards at end of Males. ' Females. Decenniiun. Decennium. ' 1881-90. 1S91-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Saddleworth . 74-0 66-4 72-3 64-8 ■Maidenhead . 73-6 64-2 63-0 61-9 Tilbury . . 68-6 64-5 58-6 60-5 Clacton. 65-4 64-2 66-0 61-3 Swindon 76-5 61-3 69-8 58-7 JEasthampstead 73-2 63-5 69-7 61-3 Heme Bay. 67-2 63-5 58-4 63-7 Residential and Sheerness . 69-0 62-4 65-7 61-7 other places — Rural residues — *Brentwood. 77 7 85 8 72 8 84 9 Denbigh and i Flint . . . f 72-2 73-4 67-6 66-2 tCanterbury 75 9 82 5 63 3 77 1 ♦Rhyl . . . 74 1 81 6 68 4 73 5 Carnarvon and i r-r^ . o 72-8 66-2 68-3 *Godstone . 79 5 80 5 81 6 86 Anglesey. ./ '" "* "Uxbridge . 72 6 80 2 69 5 75 7 Montgomery,&c. 68-9 72-3 04-6 66-2 *Watford . . 75 4 79 9 73 2 75 Durham and j Blackpool . 79 4 79 7 73 3 77 1 Northumber- > 70-9 70-8 66-3 67-5 *Morecarube 80 3 78 4 75 6 76 6 land . . . ) Southend . 67 78 2 69 70 9 Salop and Here- \ ford . . ./ 70-8 70-1 66-1 66-4 ''Malvern 77 2 77 6 67 3 69 5 Windsor . 73 7 76 66 5 67 9 Carmarthen, &c. 68-4 69-7 63-2 66-0 Southport . 76 9 75 8 69 1 69 2 Lancashire and 1 Cheshire. ./ 73-0 69-4 68-2 68-9 Llandudno 73 8 74 6 68 5 70 2 Harrogate . 81 4 74 2 71 5 75 7 Leicester, Worthing . 66 73 9 64 6 67 1 Notts and 70-4 68-6 67-8 65-3 Cheltenham . 71 73 2 67 65 3 Derby Folkestone . 64 7 72 6 59 5 65 3 Cumberland *tGuildford . . 66 5 72 4 72 6 70 4 and West- > 68-9 68-6 65-9 67-5 Scarborough . 75 3 72 3 69 7 67 7 morelaud Thanet . . . Hastings . 71 71 1 9 72 71 5 65 63 7 8 64 63 9 9 Wilts and Dor- 1 set . . ./ 68-0 68-3 66-3 65-0 Bournemouth . 80 5 71 5 71 7 63 6 Stafford, Wor-I *tSalisbury . 76 2 71 4 70 5 71 8 cester and > 68-1 68-4 64-6 66-5 *Leamiugton . 76 7 70 9 68 68 2 Warwick. . ) Bedford . . 71 6 70 6 65 3 65 2 Essex and Herts 68-0 67-9 64-9 63-5 tBath . . . Weston- super -1 Mare . . . / Farnham . 74 69 67 1 9 70 70 69 3 1 9 67 65 70 5 7 2 66 63 66 6 8 9 Bucks and Ox-\ ford . . ./ Monmouth) and Brecon . / 70-0 08-2 67-7 67-7 06-4 64-5 65-2 630 Tunbridge . Brighton . 72 73 3 6 69 69 4 3 69 66 9 1 66 66 9 9 Gloucester andi Somerset . j 69-0 67-4 63-6 62-2 Reigate 67 68 3 63 2 65 Sussex . 66-0 67-4 62-7 65-2 Weymouth Isle of Wight . 65 63 9 8 67 67 7 3 61 62 9 65 63 5 8 Northampton, 1 &c. . . ./ 67-2 67-0 63-7 63-1 Poole . . . 78 4 67 3 67 7 62 1 York ... 67-7 66-9 65-7 65-8 Dover . Torquay 64 67 4 3 66 66 6 2 60 65 6 3 66 63 7 5 Hants andl Berks . . / 66-9 66-5 63-8 63-6 Staines . Cromer . 68 69 5 6 66 65 2 7 65 60 4 2 67 64 4 8 Lincoln audi Rutland . . J 66-9 66-4 62-5 62-2 St. German's . 64 8 65 3 60 9 59 7 Cornwall . 67-9 65-9 64-2 62-6 Aldershot, i Korth . . j 66 5 65 64 4 61 9 Kent and Surrey Devon . 65-1 65-5 65-6 65-0 63-7 62-7 62-7 62-4 Deal . . . Eastbourne 66 77 8 8 64 64 9 8 62 67 4 9 62 61 •6 4 Norfolk andl Sufiolk . . / 67-0 64-4 63-5 62-7 * County lunatic asylum. t Important hospital. * C'riniiual lunatic asylum. Appendix F. G35 75 and Upwards. 10 years Deaths, per cent. Males. Females. 18S1-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Sub-divisions of London : — Central London — Shoreditch group . . . . . ■ 79-8 76-9 75-2 71-1 Islington group ..... 73-6 72-9 70-1 G9-9 Kensington group 72-1 71-3 G4-5 G5-4 London City 66-4 69-1 48-7 4G-6 Southwark group 71-1 63-9 G7-8 G2-8 Westminster ...... G3-1 60-4 62-3 54-3 Holborn ...... 54-3 45-G 50-1 4G-3 Outer London — Camberwell group 78-2 78-2 73-0 72-8 Barnet ....... 83-1 77-1 71-8 78-4 Hendon ...... 82-6 75-G 79-0 75-8 Hackney group ..... 80-7 74-1 74-2 71-4 Wandsworth group .... 77-9 73-9 73-5 70-1 Croydon group ..... 76-3 73-8 67-9 G9-9 Fulham group ..... 81-5 73-2 78-1 70-9 Hampstead ...... 77-0 63-6 72-8 G5-G The average figures being — For London ...... 75-6 72-7 70-2 OS -7 The figures for London City and Holborn are influenced by the removal of all aged paupers from those places beyond their limits ; some of those belonging to Westminster, Southwark and other districts are also removed, so as to greatly reduce the value of the death rates as indices of local sanitary conditions. But it is apparent that through sucli removals and through ordinary migrations the death rates in several of the central districts are materially reduced. The death rates at otlier ages in several sub-divisions of tlio Metro- politan area, details as to which will l)o found in Appendix C, are next presented :— 636 England's Becent Progress. Sub-Divisions of Loxdox. Mortality in 1881-1890 at Agks 0-15 and 45-70. The Figures represent the Loss per cent, in 10 Years in Populations ATTAINING THE AOE STATED AT END OP DeCENNIUM. Mai is, ISSI- 1S90. 0-15.* 45— 50- 55— 60— 65— 70- London City and Holboru . . . ' 29-2 20-4 24-4 29-8 34-5 46-6 54-3 Westmiuster 29-5 20 3 25-9 30 6 38-1 49 4 59-8 Kensington, &c. 24-5 18 4 23-0 29 1 36-8 49 4 61-0 Islington and St. Pancras 22-6 16 6 21-5 27 4 35-7 49 9 64-4 Sboreditch and near East 26-9 19 24-1 31 38-7 52 8 69-3 Southwark and Lambeth 25-3 15 2 19-7 25 7 33-4 46 7 59-4 Fulbam and Brentford 20-8 12 2 15-7 21 5 27-6 41 7 56-8 Hackney, Edmonton, &.G. 19-2 12 1 15-9 20 9 27-8 38 4 54-5 Camberwell, etc 19-5 14 1 17-0 21 8 28-9 41 4 56-2 Wandsworth, &c. 18-5 11 8 15-3 20 1 27-2 38 6 52-3 Hampstead f . 17-6 12 15-5 19 8 25-7 34 3 56-4 Hendon . 18-7 10 7 14-0 19 4 28-8 37 55-0 Barnet 13-4 25 7 28-6 34 9 35-9 43 3 65-9 Croydon, &c. . 14-5 14 9 18-0 22 3 28-8 38 7 51-8 London (Inner) 25-6 17 9 22-7 28 9 36-5 49 9 63-4 (Outer) 19-4 12 7 16-1 21 1 28-0 39 8 55-0 „ (Farther) 15-7 14 9 18-1 22 8 29-2 38 4 54-4 London (Total) . 22-3 15 8 20-0 25 7 32-9 45-4 59-7 * At this age the ratio, calculated on the mean between the commencing population, including liirths, and the ending population does not really represent average loss by deaths, as tlie mean is greater than the average number exposed to risk. + The hospital established in Hampstead by the ^Metropolitan Asylums Board caused a great increase in 1891-1900 in the infantile death rate. Females, 1881 -1890. ~- 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60- 65— 70- Loudon City and Holborn. 25-9 14-6 17-4 21-9 25-8 38-2 44-1 Westminster 26 4 15 6 18-8 23-7 29 3 42-5 50 9 Kensington, &c. 21 1 12 15-2 19-6 24 7 36-3 45 8 Islington and St. Pancras 20 2 12 4 15-4 20-0 25 5 38-3 49 8 Sboreditch and near East 24 1 15 17-9 23-3 29 1 43-7 55 7 South wark and Lambeth 22 6 12 4 15-6 20-5 26 3 37-6 47 Fulbam and Brentford 18 5 10 5 12-9 16-9 22 34-4 44 5 Hackney, Edmonton, &c. 16 9 10 1 12-4 16-5 22 32-9 45 2 Camberwell, &c. 17 2 10 4 13-1 17-6 22 9 35-0 46 8 Wandsworth, &c. 15 9 9 7 12^3 16-1 21 7 31-8 44 7 Hampstead 14 9 9 5 10-2 14-1 17 8 26-9 37 3 Hendon . 15 6 8 6 10-5 14-8 19 3 29-9 45 2 Barnet 11 1 14 1 15-0 19-2 25 35-8 51 2 Croydon, &c. . 13 10 3 13-0 16-4 21 5 30-8 43 4 London (Inner) 22 7 13 2 16-3 21-1 26 6 39-2 49 4 (Outer) 1 1'^ 10 2 12-6 16-8 22 3 33-6 45 5 (Farther) 1 13 6 10 3 12-3 16-1 20 9 30-7 43 6 London (Total) . 19 7 11 9 U-7 19-2 24 6 36o 47 6 Appendix F. 637 Sub-Divisions of Lo>-dox. Mortality ix 1891-1900 at Ages 0-15 and 45-70, Thk FiGUKES REPRESENT THE LOSS PER CENT. IN 10 YeARS IN POPULATIONS attaining THE AgE STATED AT END OF DeCENNIUM. — Males, 1801- 1900. 0-15. 4.5 — 50— .55- 60— 65— 70- Loudon City and Holhorn* . . :Jl-0 19-1 24-1 29-3 34-9 46-7 56-0 Westminster 25-4 21-5 24-8 30-6 37-8 47-5 65-3 Kensington, &c. 2.3-8 18-1 23-1 29-2 36-4 50-7 66-0 Islington and St. Pancras . 22-3 16-9 21-C 27-2 35-2 48-7 64-5 Shoreditch and near East . 26-2 20-3 25-4 32-4 40-1 56-2 73-5 Southwark and Lambeth . 24-8 13-6 17-C 22-7 29-6 42-5 58-0 Fulham and Brentford 21-6 11-4 15-2 19-9 26-9 42-2 55-5 Hackney, Edmonton, &c. f 19-3 10-8 14-6 19-5 27-0 39-9 57-0 Camberwell, &c. 19-8 13-7 17-6 22-4 29-7 43-6 62-3 Wandsworth, &c. f . 18-1 10-6 14-3 18-3 26-0 39-3 54-5 Hampstead 26-9 12-6 16-0 20-4 27-1 36-9 52-9 Hendon .... 16-4 9-8 13-4 16-9 25-3 38-5 57-4 Barnet f • 18-0 16-3 19-6 24-3 32-9 50-7 66-9 Croydon, &c. f ■ 14-5 13-7 16-8 21-1 27-3 39-1 57-5 London (Inner) 25-0 17-9 22-6 28-6 36-0 50-1 65-0 (Outer) 19-5 11-7 15-5 20-2 27-7 41-2 58-0 (Farther) . 16-2 12-8 16-2 20-4 27-4 39-8 57-9 Loudon (Total) . 21-7 14-7 19-0 24-3 31-8 45-5 61-9 * The workhouse infirmaries beloiiKins to these places are situate beyond their limits. t Barnet includes Colney Hatch Asyhini. Croydon includes the asylums at Cane Hill and Banstead, Wandsworth the iliddlese.x County Asylum, and the Hackney group Claybiu-y Asylum in Romford district. Fema'es, 1891-1900. 0-15. 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— j 70— London City and Holhorn . 26-8 14-2 17-7 22-0 25-7 35-5 44-1 Westminster 22-6 15-7 19-7 23-2 27-7 40-0 52-2 Kensington, &c. 20-4 11-4 15' 2 19-4 24-6 35-8 49-2 Islington and St. Pancras 19 G 12-7 16-0 20-4 26-4 38-5 52-5 Shoreditch and near East 23-3 15-6 19-4 24-7 30-4 45-0 58-4 Southwark and Lambeth 22-0 11-5 14-7 18-4 23-8 35-4 49-3 Fulham and Brentford 1 18-8 9-4 11-9 15-9 21-5 32-3 46-5 Hackney, Edmonton, &c. 17-0 9-1 11-5 15-2 20-8 32-2 47-5 Camlierwell, &c. 17-5 9-9 12-9 lG-7 22-1 34-5 49 -G Wandsworth, &c. 15-7 8-5 10-3 14-7 19-6 30-3 45-7 Hampstead 25-8 7-9 10-9 13-9 17-0 27-7 40-9 Hendon . 14-4 7-7 10-9 14-5 19-7 29-9 42-3 Barnet 10-8 12-4 16-3 20-8 24-8 38-5 55-5 Croydon, &c. 12-7 8-7 11-2 14-9 20 -G 30-8 46-3 London (Inner) . 22-0 13-1 16-7 21-1 26-5 38-8 62-1 (Outer). 17-2 9-3 11-9 15-7 21-1 32-5 47-5 (Farther) 14'5 8-7 11-6 15-3 20-3 31-0 45-7 London (Total) . 19-1 11 -0 14-1 18-2 23 -G 35-4 49 -G 638 EnglancVs Recent Progress. Sub-Divisions ok London. Mortality at Agks 15-45. Loss per cent, in 10 Years in Populations attaining the Age stated at end of Decennium. London City and Holborn Westminster Kensington, &c. Islington and St. Pancras Sboreditch and near East Southwark and Lambeth Fulham and Brentford Hackney, Edmonton, &c. Camberwell, &c. Wandsworth, &c. Hampstead Hendon . Barnet Croydon, &c. London (Inner) (Outer) ,, (Farther) London (Total) . Males, 1881-1S90. 3-6 3-1 2-9 3-0 3-8 3-3 2-2 3-3 2-2 4-2 3-8 3-0 4-0 4-5 4-9 5-7 4-1 4-6 2-9 6-3 4-8 6-1 60 4-5 5-6 30— I 35- ! 12-0 7-3 7-2 7-3 9-1 6-9 8-2 6-2 16-4 9-2 10-5 7-8 9-2 10-0 8-5 21-2 12-3 9-4 ' 12-5 Females, 1881-1890 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40- London City and Holborn Westminster ..... Kensington, &c. Islington and St. Pancras . Sboreditch and near East . Southwark and Lambeth . 5-0 3-3 3-5 3-3 4-0 3-7 5-0 3-5 3-5 3-5 4-1 3-6 6-3 4-9 4-4 4-6 6-0 5-0 7-7 6-5 5-3 6-1 7-8 6-6 9-7 9-1 6-9 7-6 9-5 8-1 11-9 12-7 9-2 9-9 12-0 10-2 Fulham and Brentford Hackney, Edmonton, &c. . Camberwell, &c. .... Wandsworth, &c. .... 3-4 3-8 3-6 2-6 3-3 3-5 3-6 2-6 4-2 4-2 4-6 3-5 5-5 5-3 5-6 4-5 7-0 6-7 6-9 6-9 8-4 8-2 8-4 7-6 Hampstead ..... Hendon ...... Barnet ...... Croydon, &c. ..... 3-5 3-1 3-0 2-9 3-0 2-7 3-0 2-9 3-3 3-1 4-9 3-8 4-0 4-0 6-8 4-7 5-5 5-4 9-0 6-3 7-8 6-6 11-5 8-2 London (Inner) .... „ (Outer) .... „ (Farther) .... 3-7 3-5 3-1 3-8 3-3 2-9 5-1 4-2 3-7 6-5 5-3 4-7 8-1 6-6 6-2 10-6 8-2 8-2 London (Total) ..... 3-6 3-5 4-6 5-9 7-4 9-5 Appendix F. 639 Sub-Divisions of London. Mortality at Ages 15-45. Loss per cent, in 10 Years in Populations attaining the Age stated at end of Decennium. Males, 1891-1900. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— London City and Holborn . 5-0 5-1 6-6 8-8 11-4 15-3 Westminster ..... 3 5 4-3 6-2 8-2 11-0 15-6 Kensington, &c. .... 3-7 4-0 5-9 7-6 100 13-9 Islington and St. Pancras . 2-9 3-3 4-9 6-6 8-8 12-6 Shoreditch and near East . 3-5 4-0 5-8 8-2 10-9 15-3 Soutliwark and Lambeth . 3-3 3-1 4-3 5-7 7-3 10-1 Fulham and Brentford 3 2-7 3-7 5-1 6-3 8-5 Hackney, Edmonton, &c. . 30 2-9 3-9 4-9 6-2 8-1 Camberwell, &c. .... 3-1 3-4 4-7 6-3 8-0 10-4 Wandswortli, &c. .... 2-7 2-9 3-8 4-8 6-0 7-9 Hampstead ..... G-7 5-0 G-7 7-7 8-4 10-1 Hendon ...... 2-2 2-0 2-8 3-8 4-9 7-0 Barnet ...... 2-5 3-0 4-8 7-5 9-7 13-0 Croydon, &c. ..... 2-7 2-8 4-2 6-0 7-8 10-4 London (Inner) .... 3-5 3-8 5-5 7-3 9-7 13-5 (Outer) .... 3-0 3-0 4-1 5-3 6-7 8-8 ,, (Farther) .... 3-0 2-9 4-2 5-8 7-3 9-7 London (Total). .... 3-2 3-4 4-7 6-3 8-2 11-1 Females, 1891-1900 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— London City and Holborn . 4-6 4-4 5-4 6-9 8-8 11-4 Westminster ..... 3-3 3-4 4-6 6-1 8-3 12-1 Kensington, &c. .... 3-0 2-9 3-6 4-5 6-0 8-6 Islington and St. Pancras . 2-7 3-0 4-2 5-4 7-1 9-8 Shoreditch and near East . 3-3 3-5 4-9 6-4 8-G 12-0 Southwark and Lambeth . 3-3 2-9 3-9 5-2 6-7 9 Fulham and Brentford 3-0 2-7 3-3 4-1 5-2 7-0 Hackney, Edmonton, &c. . 3-0 2-7 3-3 4-1 5-3 6-9 Camberwell, &c. .... 3-1 2-8 3-5 4-5 5-8 7-G Wandsworth, &c. .... 2-4 2-2 2-9 3-6 4-7 G-3 Hampstead ..... G-2 3-4 3-3 3-8 4-7 G-1 Hendon ...... 2-3 2-0 2-4 3-1 4-2 5G Barnet ...... 2-1 2-5 3-8 5-3 7-2 9-3 Croydon, &c. ..... 2-5 2-5 3-3 4-1 5-2 G-7 London (Inner) .... 3-2 3-2 4-3 5-5 7-2 10-1 „ (Outer) .... 2-9 2-6 3-3 4-1 5-3 7-0 „ (Farther) .... 3-0 2-G 3-2 3-9 5-0 G-G London (Total) .... 3-0 2-9 3-7 4-7 6-2 8-4 640 England's Becent Progress. Indk.x Numbers exhibiting the Relative SIoutality at each Age in the 160 Divisions IN either Decennium, and op each Sex separately, shown in Detail. Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— Males, 1881-1S90. 0-15. 15— 20— 25- 30- 35- 40— 45— 50— 55— 60— 65- 70— 75* — Manchester . 177 169 171 171 169 170 199 220 223 223 210 186 175 124 Liverpool 181 179 177 180 175 178 204 214 213 221 207 189 163 120 Sheffield . . 173 159 152 149 144 142 168 185 195 199 194 179 181 125 Leeds . 173 162 161 156 138 130 156 169 182 188 185 175 175 125 Birmingham . 147 117 119 122 124 127 146 160 163 164 160 156 143 117 London . 149 131 129 137 133 140 160 174 179 176 164 153 133 114 Nottingham . 175 148 161 161 140 136 159 175 176 171 163 159 147 122 HuU . . . 153 166 148 151 138 131 150 163 165 164 161 149 153 122 Bristol 129 128 129 132 133 128 138 147 153 153 144 142 129 109 Leicester . 161 114 119 117 115 113 122 133 138 139 135 131 125 113 Preston . 197 155 165 166 171 185 222 231 212 205 199 181 161 121 Oldham . 181 179 181 176 164 158 185 207 212 209 198 184 185 134 Rochdale . 147 148 164 154 127 128 160 188 189 190 192 181 174 123 Bury . 155 141 155 146 138 136 159 177 187 188 191 173 169 125 Blackburn 183 169 165 156 136 139 162 185 188 192 196 187 175 127 Glossop . 154 169 174 159 135 130 123 136 168 171 174 156 156 112 Bolton 159 141 145 141 133 130 160 179 191 193 190 179 178 123 Ashton-under-"i Lyne . . / Halifax . 172 155 171 166 147 139 160 179 185 194 187 180 176 123 141 138 155 144 131 131 159 180 188 188 190 174 164 119 Stockport . 168 152 161 166 155 142 168 186 192 200 185 176 161 123 Wharfedale . 123 124 119 120 113 107 128 131 137 138 136 126 135 109 Saddleworth . 143 141 155 149 124 115 138 152 155 157 168 156 152 112 Haslingden . 153 131 139 127 111 110 128 146 162 171 168 161 165 122 Todmorden . 131 141 145 132 113 112 107 134 144 152 183 165 166 126 Macclesfield . 143 128 139 132 127 134 159 181 184 179 156 146 137 111 Burnley . 179 155 158 139 120 113 128 149 172 184 180 172 174 127 Bradford . 157 145 158 146 133 130 151 162 172 178 179 171 162 121 Huddersfield . 152 152 171 166 149 145 164 180 179 176 179 163 159 123 Dewsbury 169 155 158 137 116 115 140 149 153 157 159 153 158 122 Keighley . 146 176 171 141 125 119 146 160 161 164 165 160 147 119 Kidderminster 124 128 135 122 105 103 119 145 151 158 134 127 115 106 Leek , 127 117 132 129 105 109 117 130 130 129 119 132 129 107 Stafford . . 105 114 158 200 209" 207 233 230 195 188 168 166 134 118 Potteries . 169 128 132 132 125 133 169 189 208 211 196 184 164 122 Redruth . 152 145 174 149 133 136 155 148 171 178 177 173 147 114 WalsaU , . 149 128 123 115 104 109 127 138 138 145 149 147 143 115 Jiliddlesbro' . 151 155 174 168 145 133 137 151 155 159 146 144 144 117 B u r 1 n-o n- \ Trent . . / 114 107 123 127 122 121 144 152 150 153 152 141 144 120 Wolverhamp- i ton . . . J Southampton 157 121 119 110 102 104 122 141 145 151 150 150 144 113 107 100 145 178 158 154 160 164 156 149 140 127 114 113 Falmouth 134 117 187 132 109 112 121 112 116 118 104 101 112 103 Helston . 148 121 145 137 111 101 124 121 118 122 134 122 117 108 Rotherham . 141 145 139 127 105 98 113 126 149 146 142 138 139 110 * All the other ratios are founded on Tables of rates on mean population. This column upon rates on commencing population, 66 per cent, for males and 63 per cent, for females, being taken to equal 100, Appendix F. 641 Index Numbers exhibiting the Relative Mortality at each Age in the 160 Divisions IN either Decennium, and of each Sex separately, shown in Detail. Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— Males, 1S91-1900. 1 1 0-15. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— ! 45— 50— 55- 60— 65— 70— 75*— Mauchestei: . 178 134 135 141 140 149 183 204 220 220 206 197 173 117 Liverpool . 172 145 139 144 153 160 1 185 1 207 219 209 187 192 166 114 Sheffield . , 175 117 110 110 107 116 149 i 164 182 186 183 172 161 118 Leeds . 171 131 132 127 115 118 130 : 144 166 169 174 178 166 123 Birmingham . 154 100 103 115 118 124 147 \ 158 167 172 169 161 145 113 London . 145 110 110 115 115 122 142 1 162 170 166 158 153 140 110 Nottingham . 159 107 119 120 118 119 136 148 161 167 159 155 144 118 HuU . . . 155 117 129 134 120 124 144 1 147 154 152 147 141 144 114 Bristol 125 107 116 117 113 115 135 140 143 142 141 139 129 109 Leicester . 156 107 113 115 102 96 105 114 121 125 132 132 126 111 Preston . 190 117 142 144 144 152 186 205 221 208 195 183 160 119 Oldham . . 179 152 148 144 136 146 178 198 216 218 203 197 178 125 Eochdale . 143 141 142 129 118 127 158 178 196 200 189 178 174 122 Bury . 161 121 126 124 120 130 162 176 193 195 199 190 179 121 Blackbm'n 175 124 129 117 105 : 112 136 159 183 194 184 181 178 122 Glossop . 151 110 129 132 118 124 151 167 173 167 193 175 156 111 Bolton 164 121 129 127 118 124 147 159 182 186 190 188 172 121 Ashton-under-l Lyne . . J Halifax . 173 128 132 124 120 130 162 176 189 189 186 184 174 123 136 117 119 112 104 110 132 149 171 184 187 176 173 122 Stockport . 174 121 119 124 122 127 155 160 174 175 185 180 163 119 Wharfedalo . 110 103 126 129 120 137 182 181 184 163 158 163 166 122 Saddleworth . 121 114 135 124 111 107 122 147 169 173 183 170 167 101 Hasliugdeu . 152 124 119 110 100 101 119 135 153 170 179 183 166 117 Todmorden . 123 97 97 100 100 104 117 135 152 172 166 163 181 121 Macclesfield . 128 93 97 107 115 119 144 163 179 178 165 166 155 110 Burnley . 176 128 129 115 100 99 117 132 153 160 169 174 167 127 Bradford . 151 124 129 117 104 106 131 148 165 166 173 172 102 117 Huddersfield . 141 128 129 124 111 119 145 159 109 173 172 166 1C4 117 Devvsbury 175 145 142 124 109 109 128 140 156 100 164 167 168 121 Keighley . 139 131 135 120 102 101 126 135 157 106 163 159 155 110 Kidderminster 119 93 103 107 107 100 112 117 126 142 130 144 121 107 Leek . . . 126 100 100 88 96 91 97 110 118 134 139 135 120 112 Stafford . . 101 107 145 176 204 225 1 237 241 225 200 179 172 157 118 Potteries . 181 114 113 107 102 115 142 163 185 190 187 178 158 112 Redruth . 149 103 142 132 131 133 i 142 103 187 178 181 169 146 105 Walsall . . 167 114 113 102 90 106 126 140 142 151 159 164 144 108 Middlesbro' . 153 121 145 146 136 137 i 151 155 153 156 151 152 141 114 B u r 1 n-o n- \ Trent . ./ 127 83 100 110 113 125 ' 140 143 150 151 144 139 140 115 Wolvcrhamp- 1 ton . . .J Southampton 165 107 110 110 109 109 ; 123 131 144 155 151 151 142 110 115 97 132 171 167 148 145 154 154 155 150 144 139 111 Falmouth 124 138 184 146 145 127 131 146 128 108 123 126 117 102 Helston . 131 114 142 141 113 100 91 101 137 129 126 139 148 104 Rotherham . 148 110 106 98 85 87 , 101 111 127 138 145 139 134 108 * All the other ratios are founded on Tables of rates on mean population. This column upon rates on commencing population, 66 per cent, for males and 63 per cent, for females, being taken to equal 100. 2 T 642 BnglancCs Becent Progress* Index Numbers — continued. Stales, Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— 1881-1890. 0-15. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55— eo— 65— 70— 75— Barrow 134 141 145 132 102 96 112 127 120 132 133 128 132 105 Whitehaven . 129 138 148 144 125 118 124 137 150 166 173 188 140 112 Crewe . 117 114 116 110 100 100 109 115 115 115 116 114 117 118 Doncaster 127 117 113 110 98 100 112 121 120 122 124 125 129 110 Penzance . 137 100 139 117 105 103 108 114 121 137 133 122 115 105 Cockermouth 127 134 139 144 118 113 126 145 145 152 150 137 132 113 Millom 95 100 123 117 93 84 97 116 126 129 137 146 113 93 Luton 141 103 94 95 102 109 124 126 125 129 115 118 124 113 Grimsby . 130 131 152 127 116 116 121 125 114 117 121 113 105 103 Kettering . 122 97 97 88 80 85 86 98 105 108 103 97 106 111 Rugby . 86 100 113 98 95 97 110 108 93 94 108 104 98 98 Swindon . 116 114 126 112 93 97 94 108 123 124 124 133 124 116 Tilbury . . 111 162 135 107 98 103 122 129 116 110 124 119 98 104 Wellingboro' . 118 97 119 110 91 81 91 101 101 102 102 108 106 113 Wigan . 163 148 145-^ 139 122 124 141 166 171 178 180 170 165 117 Wrexham . 126 155 158 134 120 116 131 144 151 147 147 145 153 119 Glamorgan . 148 162 174 163 144 134 146 160 169 167 162 157 143 112 Barnsley . 148 152 139 129 115 112 132 148 158 151 144 144 144 119 Durham . 149 166 177 156 131 122 136 142 147 151 153 143 142 116 Cannock . 115 103 106 95 84 82 90 95 99 107 111 106 118 100 Nuneaton. 131 117 115 105 95 85 92 104 107 110 98 96 104 105 Chesterfield . 135 124 126 110 87 82 95 103 108 112 115 117 122 110 Ashby-de-la-| Zouch . . / 117 103 103 83 75 72 85 93 90 101 110 108 121 107 Maidstone 116 138 168 166 169 166 203 197 179 163 151 141 128 116 Chester . 111 134 145 154 153 155 176 176 171 172 160 149 143 108 Worcester 143 121 152 151 145 151 186 188 180 174 177 164 152 115 Gloucester 112 128 142 141 145 154 168 184 158 164 154 144 133 116 Derby . 134 117 132 137 118 106 119 127 136 137 143 147 133 107 Wakefield . 155 172 174 163 144 145 171 181 188 186 178 160 162 120 Carlisle 128 138 152 166 164 155 174 176 163 162 158 147 138 114 York . .. . 129 134 165 166 151 152 173 184 168 169 156 155 154 114 Northampton 142 131 132 132 133 146 147 164 146 136 140 149 141 127 Exeter 119 145 174 159 144 146 153 157 154 147 139 133 124 110 King's Lynn . 134 145 158 151 129 131 164 169 146 147 156 131 120 109 Cambridge 116 121 139 132 113 146 172 178 178 192 171 156 128 115 Oxford . . 119 114 129 137 118 130 150 163 154 142 139 142 135 115 Coventry . 130 114 132 134 113 110 137 152 130 133 133 137 142 113 Ipswich . 121 121 142 149 140 137 140 148 150 143 142 123 112 112 Reading . 113 117 132 129 107 112 132 147 155 146 145 135 125 109 Yarmouth 129 117 155 146 125 131 136 141 135 134 116 113 116 111 Norvrich . 138 107 126 134 120 125 129 139 145 140 122 120 115 113 Lincoln . 135 138 155 154 135 133 155 154 143 146 143 146 124 114 Portsmouth . 129 124 145 166 160 160 173 173 170 158 151 133 117 112 Plymouth 149 138 168 141 138 146 168 168 165 153 135 127 121 106 Colchester 113 124 155 144 144 136 147 147 142 142 130 135 118 123 Chatham . 127 128 135 134 109 104 128 134 134 140 137 125 114 106 Canterbury . 131 155 197 215 187 181 235 231 194 208 165 154 149 115 Godstone . 81 110 206 246 184 191 222 220 193 175 161 152 148 120 Windsor . 102 114 103 117 109 121 146 160 158 155 144 145 139 112 Salisbury . 91 100 103 107 125 143 154 173 162 150 135 120 125 115 Appendix F. 643 Index Numbers — continued. Males, Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— 1891-1900. 0-15. 15— 20— 25— se- 35— 40- 45— 50— 55— eo- 65— 70- 75— Barrow 136 90 94 98 es 87 104 108 118 123 ns 132 143 104 Whitehaven . 129 110 126 120 104 107 110 123 133 140 138 138 137 115 Crewe . 123 90 84 90 87 90 106 116 129 133 134 133 134 112 Doncaster 149 107 103 98 89 91 101 104 114 123 133 133 126 112 Penzance . 135 100 126 122 105 96 108 119 122 123 116 123 133 103 Cockermouth 125 110 113 107 87 85 95 105 115 130 116 125 130 105 Millom . . 114 83 100 107 85 84 88 90 91 92 108 111 124 110 Luton 114 83 81 85 93 93 103 112 119 121 115 119 112 108 Grimsby . 143 110 116 112 96 91 101 111 114 116 103 111 118 107 Kettering 120 93 106 90 76 72 76 89 104 108 93 100 115 109 Rugby. 89 83 94 95 95 88 90 105 112 114 97 96 105 104 Swindon . 101 72 94 90 78 75 85 99 104 114 114 113 110 93 Tilbury . . 101 110 113 115 89 82 95 103 107 105 108 106 104 98 Wellingboro' . 107 86 106 95 93 84 87 88 94 103 107 105 104 103 Wigan . 167 124 126 122 120 125 144 163 178 192 178 174 163 115 Wrexham. 133 110 123 110 98 103 126 144 158 163 166 158 152 116 Glamorgan 156 131 142 129 113 112 129 142 153 158 162 158 146 108 Barnsley . 153 117 116 112 98 104 119 129 137 142 148 148 143 115 Durham . 152 134 148 134 120 115 126 133 144 145 146 145 143 113 Cannock . 122 100 110 95 80 76 81 88 109 120 127 129 130 103 Nuneaton . 131 93 110 98 84 82 85 84 97 120 116 128 126 107 Chesterfield . 135 97 103 95 85 84 90 98 111 116 122 123 122 111 Ashby-de-la-l Zouch . . 1 117 93 97 93 91 85 87 87 95 97 108 114 112 107 Maidstone 120 141 168 178 185 184 196 197 212 190 171 157 145 122 Chester 112 110 126 134 129 131 153 165 179 165 159 164 140 111 Worcester 144 128 119 120 127 134 158 165 178 166 161 147 139 116 Gloucester 128 148 148 149 144 139 158 171 160 171 150 152 143 119 Derby . 137 107 106 115 105 113 128 133 149 151 167 159 151 120 Wakefield . 154 114 116 120 125 125 144 155 164 166 164 165 158 115 Carlisle . 122 114 145 154 138 140 147 149 154 156 162 160 147 117 York . . . 138 103 116 127 118 122 153 157 156 162 152 150 .139 122 Northampton 133 110 129 127 122 119 123 146 146 101 154 145 137 119 Exeter 120 124 139 141 138 133 150 158 153 151 153 141 128 107 King's Lynn . 130 121 148 122 122 124 127 137 148 153 139 154 142 105 Cambridge . 116 107 135 134 120 127 144 148 149 150 146 151 138 114 Oxford . . 114 100 106 117 113 121 137 149 150 151 141 127 125 123 Coventry . 127 93 106 105 104 115 133 137 151 153 133 141 135 116 Ipswich . 122 110 126 1.37 131 134 140 153 146 146 135 129 136 109 Reading . 113 9 J 103 110 102 106 115 129 121 131 138 139 134 120 Yarmouth 131 107 116 129 125 124 126 137 132 130 120 123 111 109 Norwich . 142 100 123 122 109 106 112 130 129 130 126 120 117 110 Lincoln . 123 97 116 117 109 113 121 123 130 125 126 126 128 117 Portsmouth . 129 103 126 141 131 130 150 158 159 149 138 132 132 111 Plymouth 144 114 152 129 122 125 133 148 159 148 143 131 123 107 Colchester 124 117 155 134 107 100 121 127 142 149 137 140 130 118 Chatham . 122 103 116 137 107 104 117 123 128 121 119 122 120 105 Canterbury . 120 86 126 144 116 134 165 174 201 194 159 169 138 125 Godstono . 74 90 139 146 127 133 151 164 169 162 163 180 177 122 Windsor . 95 97 94 122 105 110 138 153 160 165 144 138 136 115 Salisbury . 88 69 68 100 115 115 137 151 146 140 122 116 122 108 2 T 2 644 England's Recent Progress. Index Numbers — continued. Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age — Males, lSSl-1890. 0-15. 15- 20- 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— 75— Farubam . 117 90 110 161 109 107 137 144 138 129 132 121 118 103 Dover . 106 90 126 151 131 134 140 152 140 125 122 117 99 98 Folkestone . 105 103 103 122 115 119 129 135 136 122 133 119 93 98 Weymouth . 102 90 139 129 100 103 113 119 114 105 96 100 100 100 Alder shot,\ North . ./ Sheeruess. 90 97 100 117 71 81 95 108 112 114 100 98 99 101 114 121 100 90 82 79 106 116 107 99 107 88 112 105 Deal . . . 91 100 158 107 102 93 101 110 111 117 118 104 111 101 St. German's. 126 162 152 132 115 118 110 100 112 109 117 107 112 98 Uxbridge . 111 100 97 129 160 182 212 232 210 208 179 151 128 110 Malvern . 85 103 116 115 145 176 241 226 187 176 152 141 138 117 Morecambe . 135 102 203 210 185 190 219 235 208 192 176 154 140 122 Rhyl . . . 101 183 187 185 182 173 173 181 181 166 159 139 141 112 Bournemouth 96 124 181 239 274 230 212 188 166 144 118 110 116 122 Blackpool . 129 148 145 149 142 127 142 187 186 142 153 184 137 120 Llandudno 87 128 123 122 115 122 140 148 121 114 116 111 128 112 Thanet . . 113 172 171 161 158 151 159 166 159 158 140 181 118 108 Leamington . 107 110 139 137 145 143 154 170 153 153 135 184 131 116 Guildford 87 97 113 141 167 188 203 200 187 168 145 122 123 101 Watford . . 98 110 113 139 149 149 174 174 169 170 151 186 188 114 Southport 118 141 148 149 136 139 165 177 166 160 157 152 187 117 Brighton . 131 117 123 127 120 121 141 153 159 151 131 121 116 112 Harrogate 105 110 110 117 115 118 151 146 144 140 188 121 129 123 Isle of Wight. 82 107 165 188 184 170 155 141 132 116 122 108 100 97 Bath . . . 109 121 132 134 145 131 171 178 168 164 147 147 182 112 Scarborough . 125 97 126 139 129 121 131 140 138 130 183 122 110 114 Worthing . 83 103 129 129 123 183 140 127 129 112 118 115 98 100 Hastings . 100 107 119 134 140 137 150 158 161 139 118 116 104 109 Weston-super-1 Mare . . / Cheltenham . 91 103 135 151 142 181 131 130 130 123 117 112 100 105 116 103 103 105 133 139 146 140 125 131 129 184 122 108 Reigate* . . 83 141 168 132 105 101 96 100 112 97 101 97 104 102 Staines 97 97 126 139 129 121 181 185 131 131 116 102 123 104 Eastbourne . 102 114 106 105 91 113 126 133 133 135 105 102 104 118 Southend . 103 117 135 122 98 91 106 113 112 111 104 106 107 102 Tunbridge 92 97 106 112 113 112 123 126 133 120 116 108 110 110 Torquay, &c. . 103 107 135 139 125 118 124 126 127 123 112 108 105 102 Heme Bay . 96 128 126 115 113 103 109 115 118 100 90 94 94 102 Bedford . . 98 110 110 88 80 87 96 104 114 112 119 112 107 108 Poole . . . 97 100 135 129 111 104 110 115 119 124 111 110 105 119 Clacton . 103 117 119 107 87 91 100 99 98 88 93 86 83 99 Cromer 87 117 132 120 100 101 88 90 92 86 93 93 91 105 Brentwood . 98 134 161 190 229 281 277 292 248 208 188 163 137 118 Maidenhead . 83 107 100 107 100 107 133 180 117 110 101 107 104 112 Easthamp-j steadt . . / 88 107 84 68 111 115 112 121 151 144 131 118 93 111 * The high death rates here at ages 15-30 may be caused by the Earlswood Asylum for idiots. + The high death rates shown at ages 50-CO may be due to mortality in the asylum for criminal lunatics at Broadmoor. Appendix F. 645 Index Numbers — continued. Males, Inde.\ Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— 1S91-1900. 1 0-15. 15- 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— ! 70- 75— Farnham . 115 72 106 117 82 93 122 142 146 149 144 132 131 106 Dover . 114 90 110 122 100 99 121 133 137 142 126 112 112 101 Folkestone . 108 86 90 112 102 113 131 141 138 133 125 110 120 110 Weymouth . 95 69 123 107 95 94 110 123 116 116 114 112 106 103 Al dershot,' North . .^ Sheerness. 100 55 81 93 67 75 91 104 118 120 120 121 101 98 112 79 74 93 89 91 108 104 106 116 108 103 118 95 Deal . . . 89 76 116 98 118 99 104 114 113 117 102 101 107 98 St. German's. 92 69 84 95 100 93 104 110 109 97 103 103 106 99 Uxbridge* . 105 117 113 132 155 172 208 248 235 219 180 177 161 •122 Blalvern . 87 100 152 132 153 148 169 192 205 184 150 138 130 117 Morecambe . 131 141 139 139 129 142 160 178 188 184 168 159 154 119 Rhyl . . . 111 117 129 154 165 181 192 188 175 162 165 154 156 124 Bournemouth 97 124 187 229 218 193 187 173 174 157 144 131 116 108 Blackpool. 133 110 116 120 127 134 160 164 171 156 153 162 167 121 Llandudno . 118 114 129 139 136 137 151 169 151 145 135 137 133 113 Thanet . . 107 141 132 141 144 137 158 166 162 145 129 130 124 109 Leamington . 102 100 126 139 151 137 156 163 165 161 149 139 128 107 Guildford 95 103 103 120 125 122 142 165 154 149 144 130 128 110 Watford . . 87 83 106 132 129 130 144 160 164 153 139 146 136 121 Southport 125 107 116 129 133 130 141 149 158 160 159 148 147 115 Brighton . 125 93 110 120 118 115 131 140 154 149 136 127 119 105 Harrogate 111 97 97 120 127 118 124 137 152 139 130 135 153 112 Isle of Wight. 85 107 148 173 158 143 151 152 131 113 111 102 108 102 Bath . . . 112 103 106 120 120 122 135 144 147 142 140 139 123 107 Scarborough . 123 97 119 122 116 115 126 138 142 142 130 114 128 110 Worthing . 98 124 119 139 142 134 129 141 137 121 123 108 115 112 Hastings . 103 97 113 137 135 136 140 135 138 132 135 126 118 108 Weston-super-j Mare . . / Cheltenham . 89 86 97 134 133 118 104 109 117 118 134 124 117 106 107 86 87 98 107 106 112 121 132 125 122 128 118 111 Reigato . 79 103 119 95 78 84 100 113 113 112 126 104 112 103 Staines 97 72 64 90 87 94 105 113 105 109 118 123 110 100 Eastbourne . 95 79 90 98 107 97 104 109 123 117 115 113 102 98 Southend . 105 117 119 117 98 96 114 124 123 118 108 107 118 118 Tunbridgo 97 100 97 95 100 93 92 102 118 116 115 109 122 105 Torquay, &c.. 101 93 119 129 124 115 114 115 116 112 115 114 111 100 Heme Bay . 87 86 97 98 95 97 109 116 106 101 103 92 90 96 Bedford . . 90 83 90 80 98 100 99 111 112 108 104 105 112 107 Poole . 103 83 81 90 89 81 95 102 103 97 102 112 109 102 Clacton . 97 97 100 98 89 81 82 90 82 79 89 90 100 97 Cromer . 87 90 106 100 87 69 67 79 72 86 92 94 95 100 Brentwood* . 82 117 148 178 200 216 272 341 296 282 225 192 189 130 Maidenhead . 94 110 119 120 102 94 99 105 107 108 115 111 107 97 East ham p-"l stead . . / 73 55 68 78 69 73 99 110 111 108 101 93 114 96 * The influence of lunatic aaylums in Uxbridge and Brentwood districts is strongly marked at age 46-50, C)4G Fnghifid's Bcccnt Frogrcss. Indkx Numbers — continued. Males, Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— 1SS1-1S90. 0-15. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 60— 55— 60— 65— 70— 75- Denbigh and Flint 103 124 142 137 116 110 113 114 116 123 134 135 124 109 Lancashire and) Cheshire. . . 1 119 117 129 120 104 100 109 115 125 125 131 126 121 111 Carnarvon andi Anglesey . . j 111 159 194 193 165 139 135 131 128 128 129 118 118 107 Carmarthen . 101 159 194 185 156 139 129 120 123 121 121 117 109 104 Durham and i 97 128 149 141 125 121 124 124 122 121 129 120 122 107 Northumberland 1 Monmouth audi Brecon . . . j Salop and Hereford 98 114 129 129 96 121 110 114 113 110 112 113 116 103 99 103 113 110 109 110 119 120 119 118 121 121 112 107 Cumberland and i Westmoreland . l' 91 97 119 122 105 97 105 116 117 119 126 114 111 104 Montgomery andi Merioneth . . j 101 184 161 161 127 118 115 111 117 112 115 112 114 104 Gloucester and( 95 107 116 107 105 107 110 114 119 121 121 116 109 105 Somerset . . ( Stafford, Worces-i ter and Warwick/ 101 100 116 112 104 104 117 119 120 118 114 115 113 103 York .... 105 121 129 115 104 99 104 110 108 110 106 108 108 103 Cornwall . 112 121 139 122 111 112 114 113 122 118 121 114 112 103 Wilts and Dorset . 86 100 106 102 104 109 105 112 112 110 107 105 106 103 Leicester, Notts") and Derby . . j Devon .... 107 117 126 115 100 99 108 114 118 115 114 114 110 107 99 107 126 120 113 110 115 112 110 105 105 100 101 99 Essex and Herts . 93 110 106 100 105 103 105 108 108 109 106 102 105 103 Bucks and Oxford 99 100 103 100 102 103 105 104 108 104 104 102 107 106 Sussex .... 81 107 113 112 107 109 112 116 112 110 103 101 97 100 Northampton, &c. 105 114 116 107 102 101 101 100 100 101 102 103 101 102 Lincoln 105 110 123 110 98 96 99 97 97 99 102 102 100 101 Hants and Berks , 87 90 100 100 104 109 108 112 115 110 106 101 105 101 Kent and Surrey . 96 107 110 107 105 107 112 114 110 108 105 101 105 99 Norfolk and Suffol k 97 103 116 110 100 100 95 95 93 93 9i 93 93 102 Appendix F. 647 Index Numbers — continued. Males, Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— 1891-1900. 0-15. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— 75- Denbigh and Flint 107 121 123 115 109 113 117 133 137 136 139 142 141 111 Lancashire and ( Cheshire . . . / 118 100 110 102 93 91 99 113 125 125 135 130 127 105 Carnarvon and i Anglesey . . 1 Carmarthen . 107 124 152 154 133 122 122 116 128 129 131 134 132 110 111 138 171 166 140 125 119 123 129 125 123 120 127 106 Durham and i Northumberland f 102 114 132 122 105 97 101 111 117 118 118 121 126 107 Monmouth and 1 Brecon . . ./ Salop and Hereford 96 97 116 110 104 99 99 105 115 125 117 109 111 103 93 97 103 100 100 99 109 118 124 122 119 119 122 106 Cumberland and i Westmoreland . ) 89 86 103 100 95 94 100 103 106 114 114 117 126 104 IMontgomery and | Merioneth . . / 103 110 145 141 125 116 109 114 120 115 119 120 123 110 Gloucester andi Somerset . . J Stafford, Worces- 1 ter and Warwick) York .... 87 86 100 100 102 93 96 104 112 114 121 123 119 102 103 90 97 100 100 97 104 112 121 121 120 115 114 104 105 93 106 100 91 87 92 98 102 107 108 113 112 101 Cornwall . 103 107 119 93 104 94 95 101 104 99 110 110 113 100 Wilts and Dorset. 80 86 100 100 96 90 92 103 104 110 111 110 113 103 Leicester, Notts"! and Derby . . / Devon .... 109 97 97 95 91 87 92 101 109 109 111 110 112 104 80 97 110 102 100 90 90 99 106 104 107 107 110 98 Essex and Herts . 87 90 90 90 91 85 88 96 95 99 103 106 110 103 Bucks and Oxford 91 90 90 83 85 82 83 93 99 100 104 104 109 103 Sussex .... 79 90 94 95 95 93 101 109 103 100 99 102 103 102 Northampton, &c. 97 90 100 95 91 84 88 98 96 95 100 105 108 102 Lincoln 102 90 103 98 91 84 86 93 97 94 99 103 107 101 Hants and Berks . 82 83 87 88 91 85 91 102 104 105 106 103 105 101 Kent and Surrey . 95 93 97 95 89 87 95 104 102 103 102 102 105 99 Norfolk aud Suffolk 91 90 100 95 89 78 77 85 87 87 89 94 97 98 648 England's Becent Progress. I>'DEX Numbers — continued. Females, Index Numbers showing the relativeMortality at Age — 1SS1-1S90. 0-15. 15- 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— TO— 75— Manchester . 181 148 141 I 128 127 141 163 188 ' 200 210 198 191 165 121 Liverpool . . i 191 155 i 138 ; 130 137 157 178 202 208 221 201 190 ; 152 117 Sheffield . . 178 148 1 135 118 114 123 141 152 159 ! 166 166 155 151 121 Leeds ... 175 148 1 135 122 121 126 141 155 165 \ 177 173 167 158 123 Birmingham . 151 , 106 106 i 96 97 110 130 145 147 I 154 145 142 134 114 London . 154 116 103 92 94 106 125 140 148 : 155 140 140 123 111 Nottingham . 173 135 144 1 122 114 127 147 156 161 160 151 152 148 117 Hull . . . 154 142 132 i 118 114 126 137 149 147 150 140 132 127 113 Bristol . . 1 127 116 118 ! 102 95 103 120 132 133 138 126 128 119 107 Leicester . 159 103 109 98 94 103 112 121 123 128 126 123 121 112 Preston . 195 135 150 144 144 167 180 195 198 1 206 198 186 169 120 Oldham . 178 161 165 140 130 137 147 164 174 187 185 180 183 128 Rochdale . 145 145 159 132 114 113 121 134 148 163 170 163 162 119 Bury . 155 116 132 124 119 120 133 148 160 177 174 170 170 121 Blackburn 183 135 138 120 111 126 145 162 183 197 198 186 174 123 Glossop . 156 135 150 118 103 107 118 138 150 171 175 178 147 99 Bolton . . 160 126 135 122 114 123 138 159 169 186 185 177 174 119 Ashton-under-) Lyne . . / 170 142 165 144 127 129 142 158 166 184 190 185 184 121 Halifax 145 135 156 124 108 104 114 127 136 148 147 140 140 119 Stockport. 166 126 147 138 130 137 151 165 175 187 188 187 174 123 Wharfedale . 120 129 141 120 106 109 112 119 126 135 139 142 136 118 Saddleworth . 139 158 176 134 129 129 134 145 140 136 150 152 149 115 Haslingdeu . 153 135 138 114 106 114 124 142 152 173 180 168 161 121 Todmorden , 130 132 135 106 92 93 107 125 131 144 160 158 159 119 IMacclesfield . 135 132 144 122 121 124 145 158 157 : 168 168 168 159 116 Burnley . 171 132 141 122 110 116 129 147 164 1 172 178 169 167 128 Bradford . 156 142 162 132 117 119 132 141 146 ; 156 159 167 154 121 Huddersfield . 150 145 162 134 114 119 130 139 134 140 140 136 140 115 Dewsbury 170 155 171 132 111 114 128 132 132 144 139 143 142 118 Keighley . 144 181 188 142 114 117 128 132 128 136 153 153 161 126 Kidderminster 124 113 124 98 82 89 97 112 115 122 114 118 114 105 Leek . 123 110 135 128 127 131 128 129 122 136 135 135 145 111 Stafford . . 113 119 138 136 149 166 191 188 167 158 153 156 141 110 Potteries . 167 119 132 130 125 134 151 159 158 i 166 165 161 154 119 Redruth . . 159 113 118 88 92 94 104 95 91 99 112 119 114 103 WalsaU . . 155 106 112 104 98 104 118 133 135 149 140 139 146 112 ISIiddlesbro' . 151 135 144 136 132 186 136 146 142 151 151 142 139 119 B urton-on-\ Trent . . / 108 106 121 128 125 123 126 131 121 131 130 132 121 111 Wolverhamp- ) ton . . ./ Southampton 162 110 109 100 98 106 113 127 130 136 132 137 133 108 111 100 103 96 94 107 114 121 126 ' 126 119 115 106 108 Falmouth 137 113 112 92 75 86 114 111 103 102 94 103 97 103 Helston . 145 139 179 134 114 111 109 105 103 115 109 102 105 101 Rotherham . 145 148 150 134 117 116 120 127 141 141 144 132 130 116 Barrow . 142 • 139 150 132 117 119 132 139 134 154 153 157 144 114 Whitehaven . 131 i 132 138 122 111 121 120 131 149 164 160 158 140 105 Crewe . 116 : 100 115 114 110 113 122 126 123 133 135 138 127 113 Doncaster 130 123 115 106 102 107 120 124 117 123 118 114 , 116 106 Penzance . 147 116 132 100 94 103 108 99 95 98 1 97 98 99 1 102 Appendix F. 649 Index Numbers —co«90. j 0-15. 15— -1 123 20- 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— 75— Cockermouth 130 124 106 103 104 112 120 130 139 147 143 137 110 Millom 98 126 135 118 111 114 122 134 125 120 111 107 104 99 Luton . . 138 103 97 86 92 103 104 116 116 123 123 124 115 115 Grimsby . 131 126 135 116 103 116 114 126 122 123 109 115 108 106 Kettering . . 116 97 109 96 90 97 89 93 92 98 99 105 105 106 Rugby , 95 123 124 110 90 83 88 «9 98 104 109 111 106 105 Swindon . 115 142 144 128 108 109 121 138 137 129 107 113 112 111 Tilbury . . 122 139 100 98 90 103 107 121 129 121 109 95 93 93 Wellingboro'. 121 113 126 100 98 94 103 109 104 108 101 114 106 101 Wigan . 166 135 138 128 125 133 141 155 161 176 174 164 157 116 Wrexham 12'J 145 150 152 149 146 141 144 137 143 149 139 140 114 Glamorgan . 152 148 153 140 137 140 149 151 151 152 147 146 135 106 Barnsley . 151 155 150 140 129 127 142 148 143 140 141 139 143 117 Durham . 155 155 165 142 132 139 147 152 152 154 151 143 138 116 Cannock . 120 110 112 98 89 94 97 107 106 116 110 117 116 102 Nuneaton 128 119 144 128 100 106 109 119 96 111 107 105 104 104 Chesterfield . 135 123 126 122 111 111 114 120 121 125 122 122 126 111 Ashby-de-la- Zouch . )m 113 126 110 92 90 114 118 94 96 106 109 118 108 Maidstone 119 142 147 132 80 133 146 160 169 166 155 142 125 112 Chester 122 123 129 120 122 133 145 151 151 152 135 136 135 106 Worcester 141 123 129 106 102 119 139 148 154 151 128 122 127 112 Gloucester 113 132 129 108 113 129 133 145 157 150 135 148 129 115 Derby . . . 133 110 135 114 102 109 113 126 136 149 152 149 149 114 Wakefield. . 157 158 156 146 140 139 154 166 164 181 171 164 149 120 Carlisle . 127 129 153 134 137 136 145 156 157 161 156 148 131 115 York . . . 141 142 153 122 119 131 145 152 149 148 146 J 39 135 113 Northampton 147 116 124 104 103 117 137 140 140 144 138 142 128 127 Exeter 121 126 132 108 102 113 126 134 131 132 119 121 118 107 King's Lynn . 127 110 118 92 89 101 122 131 133 143 129 130 109 102 Cambridge 133 100 103 86 86 96 112 121 129 142 124 121 108 102 Oxford . . 117 103 109 84 92 103 114 128 127 133 127 123 119 109 Coventry . 126 103 121 98 83 93 113 132 129 134 124 117 129 112 Ipswich . 121 123 132 114 110 119 128 138 136 130 116 115 114 108 Eeading . 113 97 94 88 90 101 112 124 125 123 135 137 117 107 Yarmouth 127 97 112 96 97 107 114 118 120 123 106 107 102 107 Norwich . 139 106 121 102 94 106 117 126 130 127 116 117 115 110 Lincoln . 129 135 162 142 132 131 137 135 130 131 119 123 115 114 Portsmouth . 131 132 126 110 110 121 130 142 148 147 127 125 116 114 Pljonouth 155 139 129 112 105 113 121 132 136 1 140 123 122 114 107 Colchester 127 152 150 102 83 93 120 133 145 138 118 122 116 118 Chatham . 127 132 121 104 105 107 121 125 124 125 119 126 115 108 Canterbury . 134 161 194 154 130 131 139 134 125 125 131 138 116 100 Godstone . 80 110 147 144 144 160 184 180 168 166 167 156 164 130 Windsor . 102 106 109 90 87 90 97 105 123 132 124 137 116 106 Salisbury . 84 100 121 108 113 131 139 151 152 152 141 140 124 112 Farnham . . 123 189 121 108 100 100 112 125 118 116 110 116 112 111 Appendix F, 651 Index Numbers — continued. [ndex Numbei s showing the relative Mortality at Age— Females, 1891-1900. 0-15. 15— 20— 25— 80 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70— 75— Cockermouth 122 87 85 79 84 93 99 117 126 127 124 131 109 Millom . . 113 97 97 94 78 86 97 99 91 99 115 114 123 103 Luton . . 115 81 82 72 67 71 80 96 102 115 103 114 119 106 Grimsby . 145 110 109 98 89 94 104 116 107 116 120 120 109 103 Kettering . . 121 77 76 70 68 78 70 77 87 99 99 112 116 110 Hugby. . . 84 87 85 74 68 64 68 82 96 102 101 100 110 108 Swindon . 102 100 94 76 68 81 93 109 117 127 124 120 106 93 Tilbury . . 110 97 76 84 81 77 82 92 95 106 103 104 114 96 Wellingboro' . 109 97 112 86 73 73 79 84 88 96 95 102 103 109 Wigan . 172 113 115 108 110 120 139 159 165 175 173 178 168 113 Wrexham. 137 113 124 120 119 129 134 144 145 149 142 147 156 108 Glamorgan . 158 119 124 114 113 121 137 145 148 151 152 151 141 107 Barnsley . 154 116 112 102 97 104 121 134 144 149 143 141 151 118 Durham . 158 126 126 114 110 120 134 145 153 155 148 145 143 113 Cannock . 119 87 76 84 94 97 86 94 100 110 105 123 125 105 Nuneaton 132 94 97 86 87 93 95 104 106 132 119 133 126 103 Chesterfield . 134 97 103 96 89 94 100 108 VZO 128 126 130 132 114 Ashby-de-la-1 Zouch . 120 81 85 88 81 94 107 105 109 110 106 115 123 104 ]\Iaidstone 120 135 132 124 117 129 153 155 164 164 152 150 148 120 Chester . 120 100 103 98 98 114 133 147 158 155 148 187 134 118 Worcester 144 103 97 82 78 98 116 138 156 153 137 143 181 107 Gloucester 137 185 124 106 103 117 125 139 136 143 142 135 126 117 Derby . 140 90 96 92 92 104 120 134 138 144 145 146 145 117 Wakefield. . 154 110 118 108 110 119 130 139 150 161 152 160 147 117 Carlisle . 120 110 135 124 121 121 146 152 158 163 160 157 155 115 York . . . 138 106 118 98 97 104 124 142 139 147 143 146 145 114 Northampton 132 97 103 90 90 94 103 118 131 128 120 125 129 115 Exeter 119 113 126 106 86 87 101 116 121 126 119 125 119 104 King's Lynn . 131 116 115 84 76 87 112 127 139 135 130 142 118 103 Cambridge 105 90 103 76 70 87 101 111 118 125 180 130 112 107 Oxford . . 106 81 85 68 65 74 95 112 128 127 124 127 128 115 Coventry . 137 81 74 72 84 96 100 116 129 142 126 184 181 107 Ipswich . 116 116 124 98 87 99 114 129 128 133 122 119 124 112 Reading . 114 94 97 82 79 87 105 118 116 125 120 119 116 112 Yarmouth 134 87 82 74 78 86 93 102 104 106 106 114 104 105 Norwich . 139 87 94 86 84 90 99 114 116 123 118 120 115 107 Lincoln . 120 106 112 96 97 106 118 125 123 126 120 127 122 110 Portsmouth . IBS 116 115 100 92 100 117 132 135 138 131 130 125 in Plymouth 143 97 112 100 95 101 108 121 141 135 129 132 122 104 Colchester 127 119 135 88 79 90 101 105 109 108 114 119 114 114 Chatham . 127 110 88 80 78 81 100 109 120 123 123 120 111 106 Canterbury . 127 132 129 94 89 101 109 120 123 131 120 128 122 122 Gndstone . 64 68 85 90 86 97 114 136 140 147 161 168 156 137 Windsor . 94 97 103 82 70 76 84 95 105 109 109 111 117 108 Salisbury . 89 74 82 80 81 86 112 127 127 129 127 120 121 114 Farnbara . . 117 100 91 88 84 83 91 104 124 130 114 108 107 106 652 England' a Recent Progres/^. Index Nu^ibers — continitcd. Index Numbers show ing the relative Mortality at Age— Females. ISSl-lSHO. 0-15. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40- 45— 50— 55— eo- 65— 70— 75— Povcr . Ill 94 100 84 79 90 107 114 116 115 ns 117 96 96 Folkestone . no 91 76 70 75 87 105 114 120 108 106 104 101 94 Weymouth 98 97 100 86 83 81 91 102 119 131 121 115 99 97 A 1 d e r s h 1,\ North . ./ Sheerness 86 90 85 90 83 84 92 93 88 90 88 93 99 102 101 129 144 124 108 120 121 131 113 111 123 114 95 104 Deal . . . 91 132 103 82 83 94 97 118 121 113 103 108 103 99 St. German's . 111 168 150 118 105 109 113 116 115 113 101 107 104 97 Uxbridge . 111 110 115 120 117 130 149 158 169 156 145 137 114 110 Malvern . 84 97 115 98 98 117 126 124 108 119 103 119 117 107 IMorecambe . 137 132 153 132 140 160 179 195 189 178 153 142 148 120 Rhyl . . . 98 142 171 162 149 146 153 155 169 168 150 142 137 109 Bournemouth 92 106 124 110 108 116 113 114 108 110 103 102 96 114 Blackpool. 129 126 126 120 124 119 141 149 137 140 132 132 131 116 Llandudno . ^ 88 119 124 104 95 90 96 109 132 134 118 127 109 109 Thanet . . 120 129 129 104 98 110 118 131 136 136 127 116 102 104 Leamington . 103 87 100 84 81 96 104 115 124 135 130 121 107 108 Guildford . . 88 129 129 108 108 119 122 133 140 140 126 118 117 115 Watford . . 101 116 118 104 102 109 121 129 135 144 143 138 136 116 Southport 120 110 109 96 95 109 116 129 132 135 135 133 124 110 Brighton . 129 97 94 78 79 89 105 120 124 126 115 112 105 105 Harrogate 105 94 109 90 87 99 122 124 115 119 120 117 130 116 Isle of Wight 82 110 115 104 102 107 101 98 98 94 98 107 100 100 Bath . . . 109 100 103 84 78 91 108 122 128 134 128 130 115 107 Scarborough . 123 106 124 104 95 109 112 118 126 127 124 118 112 111 Worthing . 81 97 97 82 79 91 93 100 120 122 102 103 105 103 Hastings . 98 100 109 94 92 100 107 114 112 115 107 104 99 101 Weston- \ super-Marej 89 97 106 86 76 86 100 104 112 111 103 107 98 104 Cheltenham . 116 100 100 72 75 91 96 109 110 116 113 117 111 106 Eeigate . 80 110 109 84 71 70 76 86 100 104 95 99 92 100 Staines 99 119 100 86 78 83 92 105 113 117 121 119 108 104 Eastbourne . 99 100 94 80 78 90 100 109 98 102 98 99 98 108 Southend . 102 129 121 100 87 93 99 104 101 117 106 112 104 110 Tunbridge 88 110 121 98 87 99 103 108 106 105 105 110 114 111 Torquay, &c.. 99 97 115 96 87 93 91 94 97 103 103 104 95 104 Heme Bay . 105 123 112 84 78 86 99 109 107 105 99 98 99 93 Bedford . . 101 100 100 86 83 89 87 95 104 107 107 103 107 104 Poole . . . 98 129 106 94 106 110 103 104 105 113 116 112 97 107 Clacton . 100 132 129 108 111 111 105 102 101 96 93 90 99 105 Cromer . 84 97 109 102 98 103 105 91 80 85 86 95 97 96 Brentwood . 100 126 106 124 149 156 170 180 175 181 156 165 133 116 INIaidenhead . 90 126 100 84 78 84 95 104 108 118 127 120 105 100 Easthamp-\ stead . . j 84 65 91 108 86 77 91 95 100 97 95 104 105 111 Appendix F. 653 Index Numbers — contimied. Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— Females, 1S91-1900. 0-15. 15— 106 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— la- 50— bb— eo— 65— 70- 75— Dover . 113 88 74 75 80 92 in 111 115 102 105 112 106 Folkestone . 105 81 85 76 68 76 93 102 102 105 101 96 95 104 Weymouth . 91 71 85 78 78 89 93 99 107 115 99 109 117 104 A 1 d e r s h 1, 1 North . ./ Sheerness 99 97 76 06 65 70 76 87 83 90 90 97 103 98 121 97 79 74 79 93 88 114 126 137 111 111 117 93 Deal . . . 91 94 88 68 62 70 80 91 94 107 100 95 100 99 St. German's. 93 123 135 88 78 77 91 102 91 106 116 113 97 93 Uxbridge . 107 116 91 98 86 103 134 161 158 156 148 137 142 120 Malvern . 77 68 94 88 89 96 112 125 129 131 113 120 101 110 Morecambe . 184 123 135 128 125 129 142 160 177 182 179 165 159 122 Rhyl , . . 108 123 129 108 106 130 153 160 157 153 164 101 137 117 Boarnemouth 97 84 100 88 79 80 93 95 96 94 88 93 93 101 Blackpool . 128 103 97 96 94 99 113 124 142 148 138 140 141 122 Llandudno 107 103 103 96 95 97 103 113 127 124 120 117 121 111 Thanet . . 122 135 109 74 65 76 96 115 117 122 109 109 112 103 Leamington . 103 94 106 80 76 84 103 125 131 132 116 123 120 108 Guildford . . 90 106 109 100 100 100 104 115 116 121 111 117 116 112 Watford . . 85 84 82 76 73 79 100 113 118 124 128 135 140 119 Southport 123 100 103 86 83 90 107 122 131 135 132 129 130 110 Brighton . 128 87 79 64 63 74 92 106 119 127 114 113 110 106 Harrogate 114 84 76 58 60 69 82 96 122 127 120 132 133 120 Isle of Wight 79 97 118 94 76 79 86 96 97 100 98 98 104 101 Bath . . . 105 77 82 66 65 74 86 104 116 125 112 117 117 100 Scarborough . 120 103 97 82 84 93 100 118 125 123 115 120 128 107 Worthing. 108 139 118 96 78 83 91 102 109 105 96 97 98 107 Hastings . 100 103 103 82 75 80 97 105 107 110 106 107 102 101 Weston- \ super-Marej 85 81 103 88 81 80 79 85 93 100 110 110 106 101 Cheltenham . 114 81 82 64 60 66 79 94 102 109 105 112 120 104 Reigatc 79 90 94 70 62 64 64 69 85 95 95 95 105 103 Staines 100 90 79 62 51 56 79 98 110 109 102 97 120 107 Eastbourne . 98 68 76 60 56 63 76 92 98 102 98 96 105 97 Southend . 104 123 115 94 79 80 76 86 103 111 103 109 106 113 Tunbridgc 97 87 82 76 75 81 89 98 96 100 103 103 103 106 Torquay, &o. . 98 97 109 92 79 79 83 91 99 103 103 107 109 101 Heme Bay 85 81 85 76 78 77 88 89 79 90 101 102 102 101 Bedford . . 90 74 68 56 54 61 71 82 88 95 95 100 105 103 Poole . . . 100 94 97 84 75 80 91 103 107 106 94 94 103 99 Clacton 95 119 109 92 81 81 91 99 94 90 97 98 100 97 Cromer . 87 103 94 82 73 76 82 94 102 94 90 97 87 103 Brentwood . 87 113 129 138 140 156 182 188 197 206 181 178 141 1.35 Maidenhead . 98 84 65 62 57 63 75 91 98 108 106 103 105 98 East hamp-"! stead . . J 77 84 76 72 63 70 70 67 86 90 94 98 93 97 i 654 EnglamVs Recent Progress. Index Numbers — continued. Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— Females, ljM-1890. 1 j Ll-15. 15— 20— 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55 — 60— 65— 70— 75— Denbigh and Flint 105 145 162 144 140 134 129 116 114 125 127 121 122 107 Lancashire and i 119 119 132 120 119 120 134 135 134 129 130 130 149 108 Cheshire. . . i Carnarvon andl Anglesey. . ./ 115 181 191 152 144 141 1 137 131 126 127 117 112 115 105 Carmarthen, &c. . 101 152 168 134 121 124' 126 122 116 115 110 111 108 100 Durham and | go Northumberland / 141 168 142 130 130 126 125 122 120 126 118 124 105 Monmouth andi -.qq Brecon . . . j ! Salop and Hereford 99 126 132 118 110 109 109 112 109 108 110 112 108 102 113 115 104 106 110 112 111 108 109 109 113 112 105 Cumberland andij g„ 113 132 112 100 100 104 104 111 114 111 113 119 105 Westmoreland . J , Montgomery and) gg Merioneth . . J 145 174 134 140 139 129 120 108 106 107 107 110 103 Gloucester andV go Somerset . . j Stafford, Wcrces-V gg ter and Warwick/ 113 121 104 95 96 103 107 107 113 108 110 109 101 106 118 108 100 101 109 112 108 109 105 107 110 103 York .... 106 122 138 120 111 111 114 114 116 113 112 111 113 104 Cornwall ... 119 126 141 116 105 101 97 95 99 101 103 103 107 102 Wilts and Dorset . 88 110 126 110 102 101 104 107 112 113 109 111 114 105 Leicester, Nottsl and Derby . . J 104 113 132 120 105 113 113 119 115 114 116 113 114 108 Devon . , . . 98 113 124 106 100 103 105 102 104 106 104 109 105 100 Essex and Herts . 93 113 118 108 98 94 93 95 99 100 102 102 101 103 Bucks and Oxford. 98 103 103 96 89 96 103 107 108 107 110 107 114 105 Sussex .... 78 110 112 108 102 100 105 108 104 106 104 107 104 100 Northampton, &c. 103 123 135 118 106 104 103 100 100 102 100 100 100 101 Lincoln 106 126 138 118 110 109 108 101 102 99 99 99 100 99 Hants and Berks . 88 103 109 100 92 96 96 102 105 106 104 107 108 101 Kent and Surrey . 97 116 121 108 100 99 104 106 108 109 108 105 101 101 Norfolk and Suffolk 95 * 119 129 112 102 101 101 101 95 95 94 95 93 101 Appendix P. 655 Index Numbers — contimied. Index Numbers showing the relative Mortality at Age— Females, 1891-1900. 0-15. 15- 20- 25— 30— 35— 40— 45— 50— 55— 60— 65— 70- 75— Denbigh and Flint 112 129 129 116 110 120 129 133 140 135 134 142 139 105 Lancashire and I Cheshire. . .J 124 94 97 92 92 96 107 111 121 123 134 129 135 109 Carnarvon andl Anglesey . ./ 113 148 147 122 114 116 117 120 127 126 124 130 129 108 Carmarthen, &c. . 109 189 153 124 113 114 118 122 126 120 119 122 124 105 Durham and 1 Northumberland f 100 116 132 114 102 104 107 107 109 117 119 127 133 107 Monmouth andj Brecon . . . J Salop and Hereford 97 110 112 100 98 103 99 101 109 115 116 111 118 100 92 94 97 88 86 90 97 105 109 110 108 114 119 105 Cumberland andi Westmoreland . ) 89 94 100 88 87 93 91 98 103 107 114 114 120 107 Montgomery and i Merioneth . . 1 101 126 141 130 125 127 121 120 114 112 114 119 124 105 Gloucester and"! Somerset . . j Stafford, Worces-"! ter and Warwick/ 86 90 97 80 79 81 89 96 102 107 109 117 113 99 102 94 94 86 84 90 100 107 105 110 109 115 115 106 York .... 103 100 115 96 87 87 93 100 106 112 115 114 122 104 Cornwall . 98 103 118 96 89 86 89 93 101 103 106 109. 119 m Wilts and Dorset . 78 94 97 86 78 79 84 93 100 108 110 Ill 115 103 Leicester, Notts'! and Derby . ./ Devon .... 107 94 100 90 84 91 95 106 104 113 114 117 120 104 91 97 103 88 79 79 83 89 94 98 103 111 112 99 Essex and Herts . 86 97 97 84 76 76 78 82 89 98 99 102 108 101 Bucks and Oxford. 89 87 85 74 71 73 80 89 96 102 104 107 113 103 Sussex .... 78 90 97 88 78 80 87 93 98 103 104 108 110 103 Northampton, &c. 95 97 100 88 83 83 87 93 96 97 95 103 108 100 Lincoln 99 100 103 94 86 87 89 94 94 91 95 98 107 99 Hants and Berks . 82 81 85 80 73 73 78 86 89 98 102 105 110 101 Kent and Surrey . 95 106 100 86 75 77 83 92 101 106 101 102 106 100 Norfolk and Sufiolk 91 100 106 92 84 81 83 88 91 95 92 98 103 100 65G England's Recent Progress. The folloNviug abstracts summarise the contents of tlie preceding Tables of index numbers :— Hales. Lariie and Old Towns.* Textile, Collierj-, Industrial. Residential, Military, &c.t Rural residues. 18S1-91. Under 120. 120 to 140. 141 up- wards. Under! 120 to 120. ! 140. 141 up- wards. Under 120. 120 to 140. 141 up- wards. Under 120. 120 to 140. 14t up- wards. 0-15 . 8 12 13 11 15 30 41 6 24 ,. ., 30-35 . 7 13 13 2J IS 9 21 10 16 20 2 2 35-40 . 5 13 15 34 16 6 20 13 14 20 4 40-45 . 1 8 24 17 19 20 13 12 22 21 3 45-50 . 4 29 12 13 31 12 12 23 20 4 50-55 . •• 5 23 12 1 9 35 13 14 20 18 6 55-60 . 7 26 11 9 36 15 13 19 18 6 60-65 . 1 9 23 11 11 34 22 12 13 15 9 ■" 65-70 . 1 11 21 12 11 33 26 12 9 20 4 70-75 . 14 13 14 13 29 28 16 3 21 8 Females, 1881-91. 0-15 . 4 15 14 9 18 29 39 8 24 30-35 . 26 7 40 13 3 41 3 3 19 4 1 35-40 . 20 11 2 36 17 3 39 4 4 18 5 1 40-45 . 8 15 10 23 20 1 13 34 7 6 18 6 45-50 , 1 17 15 13 ' 23 20 29 11 7 19 5 • • 50-55 . 16 17 13 21 22 26 15 6 21 3 55-60 . 13 20 10 19 27 27 13 7 20 4 60-65 . 7 15 11 17 10 29 26 14 7 21 3 65-70 . 6 15 12 17 12 27 32 11 4 22 2 70-75 . 14 12 7 18 14 24 38 7 2 21 2 1 * Including four military towns. t Excluding four military towns and including three miscellaneous places. The effect of the importation of healthy lives in improving the rates of mortaUty in urban and manufacturing districts at ages 30-40, especially amongst females, is distinctly visible. Appendix F. 657 Males, Large and Old Towns. Textile, Colliery, Industrial. Residential, Military, &c. Rural residues. 1S91-01. Under 120. 120 to 140. 141 up- wards. Under 120 to 141 up- 120. 140. wards. Under 120. 120 to 140. 141 up- wards. Under 120. 120 to 140. 141 up- wards. 0-15 . 4 16 13 11 19 26 41 6 24 30-35 . 16 14 3 43 1 9 4 26 12 9 21 3 35-40 . 13 17 3 40 1 12 4 28 12 7 22 2 40-45 . 4 13 16 26 ' 13 17 20 11 16 23 1 45-50 . 1 10 .22 21 10 25 17 8 22 22 2 • 50-55 . 27 IG 8 32 17 8 22 17 7 55-GO . 6 27 10 1 12 34 19 7 21 17 7 G0-G5 . 1 10 22 13 9 1 34 17 16 14 18 6 G5-70 . 12 21 1 9 14 33 22 16 9 17 7 70-75 . 2 18 13 9 14 33 25 14 8 16 8 Females, 1891-01. 0-15 . 5 IG 12 13 16 27 39 8 23 1 30-35 . 32 1 t 54 1 2 45 2 23 1 35-40 . 29 4 50 5 1 44 2 1 22 2 40-45 . 20 9 4 36 17 3 43 1 3 22 2 45 50 . 12 15 6 25 17 14 36 7 4 20 4 50-55 . G 13 14 19 13 24 31 11 5 20 4 55-GO . 2 14 17 13 12 31 26 15 6 20 4 G0-G5 . 4 IG 13 15 11 30 35 7 5 21 3 05-70 . ' 4 16 13 10 14 ' 32 33 10 4 19 4 1 70-75 . 9 15 9 10 14 32 31 11 5 15 9 k The second part of this Tal)le gives a fair idea of the improved mortahty in the second decennium. Several of the towns have been allotted large areas, including rural parishes, otherwise the numbers showing low mortality would have lieen smaller. The high rates prevalent in the old towns and industrial places are in some instances aggravated through the inclusion of county asylums for lunatics within their bounds. Hucb institutions also exist in Ijondon and most other large towns, but the number of lunatics nnnoved beyond the boundaries assigned to the largest places is probably nearly always greater tban ttiat of p.-itients introduced into siu^h towns from outside 2 u 658 England's Recent Progress, districts, and therefore no ground exists for deeming the index numbers for these places unduly high. The abstracts show that there has been an improvement in many places as between 1881-1891 and 1891-1901, and they also indicate much constancy in the general condition of the several classes of districts as shown by their rates of mortality. If we treat death rates under 120 as low and those over 140 as high, we reach still more concentrated results, thus : — 33 Towns- Males, 1881-91 . . ,, 1891-01 . . Females, 1881-91 . 1891-01 . 56 Industrial, textile and colliery places — Males, 1881-91 . . „ 1891-01 . . Females, 1881-91 . 1891-01 . 47 Eesidential, military, &c., districts — Males, 1881-91 . . ,, 1891-01 . . Females, 1881-91 . 1891-01 . 24 Rural groups of dis- tricts — Males, 1881-91 . . „ 1891-01 . . Females, 1881-91 . 1891-01 . Age 0-15. Age 30-45. Age 45-75. 11 11 9 13 41 41 39 39 24 24 24 23 Xumbers of towns, &c., with Average Rates. High. 13 13 14 12 30 26 29 27 Differ- ence. Low. High. Differ- ence. 5 4 17 i 13 9 11 7 4 10 18 4 14 7 27 1 26 19 27 12 15 IS 36 8 28 20 33 6 27 14 47 1 46 41 18 17 1 41 25 11 14 39 38 4 34 39 44 1 43 24 20 1 19 24 22 22 24 18 i 17 23 22 22 Low. High. 12 13 15 15 19 19 30 32 19 18 21 19 23 22 14 12 33 32 25 27 14 16 5 5 Differ- ence. 22 21 9 6 21 19 ID 12 5 3 25 27 19 18 21 19 The prevalence of high ratios in towns and in the Industrial group at ages 0-15 and 45-75 whilst at ages 30-45 high ratios are comparatively few, especially amongst females, and also the partial tendency towards high ratios at ages 30 and upwards in residential places, particularly amongst males, are well displayed by this Table. It may be interesting to enquire which of the residential places appear to attract men aged 45 and upwards whose constitutions have been impaired (whether in India, the less healthy parts of cur own country, or Appendix P. 659 elsewhere), and which of them have a heavier relative mortality in earlier life. The followin"" Table will throw some light on the matter : — 1S91-1900. ludex Numbers. ludex Numbers. 20— 25— so- Totals. 45— 50— 55— Totals. Later mortality high : Windsor. 94 122 los 321 153 160 165 478 Thanet . 132 141 144 417 166 162 140 473 Southport 116 129 133 378 149 158 160 467 Llandudno 129 139 136 404 169 151 145 465 Brighton 110 120 118. 348 140 154 149 443 Faruham 106 117 82 305 142 140 149 437 Bath 106 120 120 346 144 147 142 433 Harrogate 97 120 127 344 137 152 139 428 Folkestone 90 112 102 304 141 138 133 412 Cheltenham 87 98 107 292 121 132 125 378 Eastbourne 90 98 107 295 109 123 117 349 Earlier mortality high : Bournemouth . 187 229 218 634 173 174 157 504 Isle of Wight . 148 173 158 479 152 131 113 396 Worthing 119 139 142 400 141 137 121 399 Torquay . 119 129 124 372 115 116 112 343 Weston-super-Mare . 97 134 133 364 109 117 118 344 If we could distinguish the causes of death, as between men and women, in the decennial summary, a good deal of light could be thrown on these high death rates. The figures are only given in the summary for "persons" at each age, though the totals are given by sexes. Hence, if we take phthisis, the disease most potently affecting the figures, we have the following Table : — Deaths, all ages, by Phthisis per 10,000 Deaths of Persons by Phthisis per 10,000 living 1891-1900. living. Male. Female. 20— 25- 35— 45— 55— Windsor . 16-1 11-3 14-9 18-5 18-4 26-8 20-3 Thanet 17-5 12-3 15-8 23-5 23-2 23-7 16-8 Southport . 17-0 11-7 18-1 22-9 25-2 20-4 16-6 Llandudno 19-0 13-2 19-2 25-6 25-7 26-1 16-4 Brighton . 18-0 10-5 14-5 19-3 25-4 26-3 19-0 Bath .... 14-9 9-2 12-9 18-9 23-6 20-3 13-1 Harrogate . 14-3 10-6 14-0 18-8 18-3 18-5 17-0 Bournemouth . 39-9 18-3 37-6 51-7 48-4 33-6 18-7 Isle of Wight . 24-8 13-4 32-5 34-6 33-7 23-6 14-8 Worthing . , 15-9 11-4 14-0 25-1 26-7 21-0 12-0 Torquay i lG-0 13-8 21-7 28-4 23-0 18-2 15-9 I I Here we notice that the proportion of deaths of persons by phthisis in the last four places at age 25-35 ranges from nearly twice to almost three times the similar ratio at age 55-65, but in the first seven the excess at the earlier age is on a much smaller scale. I draw the conclusion that 2 u 2 660 England's Recent Progress. mortality amongst males at ages 25-45 in Bournemouth and the Isle of Wight is largely aflected by phthisis. Another instance where the absence of particulars of death by sexes is felt, is that of the heavy mortality in the rural parts of North Wales at ages 15-65. The annual death rates by phthisis per 1000 living in 1891-1900 are found to be as under iu North Wales (and its sub-divisions) : — North AVales. Salop and Herefonl. Death rates of Persons in Plitliisis. Males. Females. Males. Females. « 1 5?" >> 0 t- ^ (M O tH iH lO (M tH rH rH 1-1 O O CO O -^ b- CO T-l O 00 i-H O (M tH rH tH i-H -* 00 CO 05 CD 05 t- O i-H t- CD CO CM rH (M rH iH rt ^ 13 ^ <— « e > ea ^n ^ ? ■3 o! C3-3 _bflg oj o CD * 03 * O O a) M 03 03 o o 03 03 03 CC O O Q> ■» ID CD 05 O "S "3 la "cs ', I, g g g gs^ CO w m CO o O 'X' o Oi o c3 cd c3 c3 '. '■ g g g gSo S S 00 CO o ^ t§ S OT 03 «3 03 O O 03 d) 03 03 05 O "cS 'c3 Is 'cS ' J. g g g gs^ 0) 03 CB 00 ^ ^ =2 (364 England's Becent Progress. en 03 M tn o O o o m ai C5 o '3 le "3 la I J. O o OC 00 CO CO Cfl M o O (u o o o crs o le "3 "cs le J, I gag gSo '^ O S 00 00 C/3 CO M 02 O O O O O Mare . . . j 91 117 112 100 105 89 103 107 98 104 Brentwood l . 98 188 1G3 137 118 100 156 165 133 116 Salisbury l h . 91 135 120 125 115 84 141 140 124 112 Guildford l h. 87 145 122 123 101 88 126 118 117 115 Windsor 102 144 145 139 112 102 124 137 116 lOG Leamington r,. 107 135 134 131 IIG 103 130 121 107 108 Bath H . 109 147 147 132 112 109 128 130 115 107 Uxbridge l 111 179 151 128 110 111 145 137 114 110 Hliyl L . . . 101 159 139 141 112 98 150 142 137 109 1,161 1,813 1,662 1,580 1,352 1,149 1,616 1,610 1,478 1,340 One-twelfth . 97 151 139 132 113 9G 135 134 123 112 Stafford L ii , 105 1G8 IGG 134 118 113 153 156 141 110 *Wharfedalo L . 123 13G 12G 135 109 120 139 142 136 118 Kidderminster 124 134 127 115 lOG 124 114 118 114 105 Todmorden 131 183 165 166 126 130 160 158 159 119 378 453 418 41G 341 874 413 418 409 342 One-third 12G 151 139 139 114 125 138 139 136 114 * 'i'liu couiity liiiiiitic asylum here was opoiied in Ootolior, 1SS8. 670 England's Becent Progress. MEDIUM. Males, 1881- L891. Females, 1881 -1891. 0-15. 60— 65- 1 70— 75 — 0-15. 1 60— 65— 70— 75- Llandudno . 87 116 111 128 112 88 118 127 109 109 Harrogate . 105 188 121 129 123 105 120 117 130 116 Cheltenham h . 116 129 134 122 108 116 113 117 111 106 Famham . 117 132 121 118 103 123 110 116 112 111 Thanet . . . 113 140 131 118 108 120 127 116 102 104 Southport . 118 157 152 137 117 120 135 133 124 110 Colchester h . 113 130 135 118 123 127 118 122 116 118 Chatham . 127 137 125 114 1 106 127 119 126 115 108 896 1,079 1,030 984 1 900 926 960 974 919 882 One-eighth . 112 135 129 123 112 116 120 122 115 110 Luton . 141 115 118 124 113 138 123 124 115 115 Burton- on-i Trent l . . / 114 152 141 144 120 108 130 132 121 111 Southampton H 107 140 127 114 ' 113 111 119 115 106 108 Cockermouth . 127 150 137 132 113 130 147 143 137 110 Crewe . 117 116 114 117 ; 113 116 135 138 127 113 606 673 637 631 572 603 654 652 606 557 One-fifth. . 121 135 127 126 114 121 131 130 121 111 tCambridge h . 116 171 156 128 115 133 124 121 108 102 Oxford L H . . 119 139 142 135 : 115 117 127 123 119 109 Beading h . 113 145 135 125 : 109 113 135 137 117 107 Ipswich L . 121 142 123 112 112 121 116 115 114 108 Exeter l . 119 139 133 124 110 121 119 121 118 107 Lincoln l . 135 143 146 124 114 129 119 123 115 114 * Chester l h 111 160 149 143 108 122 135 136 135 106 *^Iaidstone l . 116 151 141 128 1 116 119 155 142 125 112 950 1,190 1,125 1,019 I 899 975 1,030 1,018 951 865 One-eighth . 119 149 141 127 112 122 129 127 119 108 Denbigh 103 134 135 124 109 105 127 121 122 107 Carnarvon . 111 129 118 118 107 115 117 112 115 105 Lancashire 119 131 126 121 111 119 130 130 149 108 333 394 379 363 327 339 374 363 386 320 One-third . 111 131 126 121 109 118 125 121 129 107 * These places should perhaps have been classed as " High." f In Cambridge a gi-eat abatement of male njortality is shown in the next decennium. Appendix F, 671 HIGH AND LOW OR MEDIUM. Males, 1881- 1891. Females, 1881 -1891. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60- 65— 70— 75— Scarborough 125 133 122 110 114 123 124 118 112 111 Brighton 131 131 121 116 112 129 115 112 105 105 256 264 243 226 226 252 239 230 217 216 One-half . . 128 132 121 113 113 126 119 115 108 108 Falmouth . 134 104 101 112 103 137 94 103 97 103 Cannock 115 111 106 118 100 120 110 117 116 102 Ashby-de-la-l Zouch . . . / 117 110 108 121 107 111 106 109 118 108 Kettering 122 103 97 106 111 116 99 105 105 100 Nuneaton 131 98 96 104 105 12S 107 105 104 104 Chesterfield . 135 115 117 122 110 135 122 122 126 111 Helston . 148 134 122 117 108 145 109 102 105 101 Grimsby 130 121 113 105 103 131 109 115 108 106 Penzance 137 133 122 115 105 147 97 98 99 102 Redruth . 152 177 173 147 114 159 112 119 114 103 1,321 1,206 1,155 1,167 1,066 1,329 1,065 1,095 1,092 1,046 One-tenth 132 121 115 117 107 133 106 109 109 105 Yarmouth l 129 116 113 116 111 127 106 107 102 107 Norwich l . 138 122 120 115 113 139 116 117 115 110 2G7 238 233 231 224 2G6 222 224 217 217 One-half . . 133 119 116 115 112 1.33 111 112 108 108 672 England's Becent Progress. HIGH. Males, 1881- 1891. Females, 1881 -1891. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60— 65- 70— 75— Canterbury ii . 131 165 154 149 115 134 131 138 116 100 Blackpool . 129 153 134 137 120 129 132 132 131 116 Portsmouth l . 129 151 133 117 112 131 127 125 116 114 Morecambe l . 135 176 154 140 122 137 153 142 148 120 Plymouth H 149 135 127 121 106 155 123 122 114 107 673 780 702 664 575 686 666 659 625 557 One-fifth . 135 156 140 133 115 137 133 132 125 111 Whitehaven . 129 173 IBS 140 112 131 160 158 140 105 Wrexham . 126 147 145 153 119 129 149 139 140 114 Barrow . 134 133 12S 132 105 142 153 157 144 114 Kotherham . 141 142 138 139 110 145 144 132 130 116 Doncaster . 127 124 125 129 110 130 118 114 116 100 Barnsley l, . us 144 144 144 119 154 141 139 143 117 Durham group . 149 153 143 142 116 155 151 143 138 116 Glamorgan group 148 162 157 143 112 152 147 146 135 106 Middlesbro' . 151 146 144 144 117 151 151 142 139 119 Wolverhampton 157 150 150 144 113 162 132 137 133 108 WalsaU . . . 149 149 147 143 115 155 140 139 146 112 Wigan L . . 163 180 170 165 117 166 174 164 157 116 Potteries 169 196 184 164 122 167 165 161 154 119 1,891 1,999 1,963 1,882 1,487 1,939 1,925 1,871 1,815 1,468 One-thirteenth 145 154 151 145 114 149 148 144 140 113 Appendix F. 673 HIGH. Males, 1881-1891. Females, 1881 -1891. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60- 65- 70— 75— Carlisle l h . 128 158 147 138 114 127 156 148 131 115 King's Lynn H. 134 156 131 120 109 127 129 130 109 102 Northampton LH 142 140 149 141 127 147 138 142 128 127 Gloucester l h . j 112 154 144 133 116 113 135 148 129 115 Coventry i 130 133 137 142 113 126 124 117 129 112 York L H . . 129 156 155 154 114 141 146 139 135 113 Derby h. . . 134 143 147 133 107 133 152 149 149 114 Worcester h 143 177 164 152 115 141 128 122 127 112 Wakefield l . 155 1,207 178 160 162 120 157 171 164 149 120 1,395 1,334 1,275 1,035 1,212 1,279 1,259 1,186 1,030 One-ninth 1-34 155 148 142 115 135 142 140 132 114 Bristol . 129 144 142 129 109 127 126 128 119 107 London . 149 164 153 133 114 154 140 140 123 111 Leicester 161 135 131 125 113 159 126 123 121 112 HuU .... 153 161 149 153 122 154 140 132 127 113 Birmingham 147 160 156 143 117 151 145 142 134 114 Nottingha.m 175 163 159 147 122 173 151 152 148 117 Leeds 173 185 175 175 125 175 173 167 158 123 Sheffield . . . 173 194 179 181 125 178 166 155 151 121 Liverpool 181 207 189 163 120 191 201 190 152 117 Manchester . 177 210 186 175 124 181 198 191 165 121 1,618 1,723 1,619 1,524 1,191 1,643 1,566 1,520 1,398 1,156 One-tenth 162 ! 172 162 152 119 164 157 152 140 116 Saddleworth ! 143 168 156 152 112 139 150 152 149 115 Leek .... 1 127 119 1.32 129 107 123 135 135 145 111 Huddersfield ! 152 179 163 159 123 150 140 136 140 115 Macclesfield l . 143 156 146 137 111 135 168 168 159 116 Halifax . 141 190 174 164 119 145 147 140 140 119 Keighley 146 165 160 147 119 144 153 153 161 126 Rochdale i 147 192 181 174 123 145 170 163 162 119 Glossop . 154 174 156 156 112 156 175 178 147 99 Haslingden . 153 168 161 165 122 153 180 168 161 121 Bradford 157 179 171 162 121 156 159 157 154 121 Bolton . 159 190 179 178 123 160 185 177 174 119 Bury .... 155 191 173 169 125 155 174 170 170 121 Dewsbury . 169 159 153 158 122 170 139 143 142 118 Blackburn . 183 196 187 175 127 183 198 186 174 123 Stockport . 168 185 176 161 123 166 188 187 174 123 Ashton - under - Lyne . Burnley . [ 172 179 187 180 176 123 170 190 185 184 121 180 172 174 127 171 178 169 167 128 Oldham . 181 198 184 185 134 178 185 180 183 128 Preston l 197 199 181 161 121 195 198 186 169 120 3,026 3,375 3,185 3,082 2,294 2,994 3,212 3,133 3,065 2,263 One-nineteenth 159 178 168 162 121 158 169 165 161 119 2 X 674 England's Becent Progress. LOW. JIales, 1891- 1901. Females, 189] -1901. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 7^ 0-15. 60— 65- 70— 75— Easthampstead L 73 101 93 114 ' 96 77 94 98 I 93 1 97 Isle of Wight 85 111 102 108 102 79 98 98 104 101 Beigate . . 79 126 104 112 103 79 95 95 105 103 Heme Bay . 87 103 92 90 96 85 101 102 j 102 101 Cromer . 87 92 94 95 100 87 90 97 87 103 Bedford h . 90 104 105 112 107 90 95 100 105 103 Weymouth . 95 114 112 106 103 91 99 ! 109 117 104 Deal . . . 89 102 101 107 98 91 100 ! 95 100 99 St. German's 92 103 103 106 99 93 116 ' 113 97 93 Clacton . 97 89 90 106 97 95 97 98 100 97 Tunbridge . 97 115 109 122 105 97 103 103 103 106 Bournemouth 97 144 131 116 108 97 88 93 93 101 Maidenhead . 94 115 111 107 97 98 106 103 105 98 Eastbourne . . 1 95 115 113 102 98 98 98 96 105 97 Torquay . 101 115 114 111 100 98 103 107 109 101 Aldershot.Nortl 1 100 120 121 101 98 99 90 97 103 98 Staines . 97 118 123 110 100 100 102 97 120 107 Hastings 103 135 126 118 103 100 106 107 102 101 Folkestone . 108 125 110 120 110 105 101 96 95 104 Poole. . . 103 102 112 109 102 106 94 94 103 "99 Worthing . 98 123 108 115 112 108 96 97 98 107 :1,967 2,372 2,274 2,287 2,139 1,973 2,072 2,095 2,146 2,120 One-twenty-firs t 94 113 108 109 102 94 99 100 102 101 Sussex - 79 99 102 103 102 78 104 108 110 103 Wilts. 80 111 110 113 103 78 110 111 115 103 Hants 82 106 103 105 101 82 102 105 110 101 Essex 87 103 106 110 103 86 99 102 108 101 Bucks 91 104 104 109 103 89 1 104 107 113 103 Norfolk 91 89 94 97 98 91 92 98 103 100 Devon 80 107 107 110 98 91 1 103 111 112 99 Kent . 95 102 102 105 99 95 1 101 102 106 100 Northampton . 97 100 105 108 102 95 j 95 103 108 100 Lincoln . 102 99 103 107 101 99 95 98 107 99 884 1,020 1,036 1,067 1,010 1 884 1,005 1,045 ! 1,092 1,009 KOTE.— L denotes the existence of a county lunatic asylum or other large asylum for lunatics ; H that of an important hospital. Appendix F. 675 MODERATE. I Males, 1891-1901. Females, 1891 -1901. 0-15. 60— Os- 70— 75— 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— Southend 105 108 lo? 118 118 104 103 109 106 113 Dover 114 126 112 112 101 113 102 105 112 106 Sheerness . 112 108 103 118 95 121 111 111 117 98 331 342 322 348 314 338 316 325 335 317 One-third 110 114 107 116 105 113 105 108 112 106 Eugby . . . 89 97 96 105 104 84 101 100 110 103 Swindon . 101 114 113 110 93 102 124 120 106 93 Wellingborough 107 107 105 104 103 109 95 102 103 109 Tilbury . . . 101 108 100 104 98 110 103 104 114 96 Millom . . . 114 108 111 124 110 113 115 114 123 103 512 534 531 547 508 518 538 540 556 504 One-fifth . . 102 107 106 109 102 104 108 108 111 101 Gloucester . 87 121 128 119 102 86 109 117 113 99 Cumberland 89 114 117 126 104 89 114 114 120 107 Salop. . . . 93 119 119 122 106 92 108 114 119 105 Monmouth . . 96 117 109 111 103 97 116 111 118 100 Cornwall 103 110 110 113 100 98 106 109 119 99 Durham 102 118 121 126 107 100 119 127 133 107 Stafford . . . 103 120 115 114 104 102 109 115 115 106 Montgomery 103 119 120 123 110 101 114 119 124 105 York. . . . 105 108 113 112 101 103 115 114 122 104 Leicester 109 111 110 112 104 107 114 117 120 104 Carmarthen 111 123 120 127 106 109 119 122 124 105 1,101 1,280 1,277 1,305 1,147 1,084 1,243 1,278 1,327 1,141 One-eleventh. 100 116 116 119 104 99 113 116 121 104 2x2 L 676 England's Bccent Progress, LOW AND HIGH. Males, 1891-1901. Females, 1891-1901. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60- 65— 70- 75— Godstone l . 74 1G3 180 177 122 64 161 168 156 137 Jlalvern l . 87 150 138 130 117 77 113 120 101 110 Watford l . . 87 139 146 136 121 85 128 135 140 119 Weston - super -\ Mare* . . .) 89 134 124 117 106 85 110 110 106 101 Brentwood l 82 225 192 189 130 87 181 178 141 135 Salisbury l h . 88 122 116 122 108 89 127 120 121 114 Guildford l h . 95 144 130 128 110 90 111 117 116 112 Windsor! . 95 144 138 136 115 94 109 111 117 108 Leamington l . 102 149 139 128 107 103 116 123 120 108 Bath H . . . 112 140 139 123 107 105 112 117 117 106 Uxbridge l . 105 180 177 101 122 107 148 137 142 120 Rhyl L . . . 111 165 154 156 124 108 164 161 137 117 1,127 1,855 1,773 1,703 1,389 1,094 1,580 1,597 1,514 1,387 One-twelfth . 94 155 148 142 116 91 132 133 126 116 Stafford L H . 101 179 172 157 118 106 153 145 147 121 Wharfedale l . 110 158 163 166 122 105 160 153 158 123 Kidderminster . 119 130 144 121 107 109 134 137 123 106 Todmorden . 123 166 163 181 121 117 143 153 165 124 352 454 470 468 350 1 331 437 443 446 353 One-third . 117 151 157 156 117 110 1 146 148 149 118 * This place might well be classed as " Medium." + As shown on a preceding page, the mortality in Windsor by phthisis amongst males at the higher ages is heavy, and it is suggested that worn-out veterans are unusually numerous there. Appendix F. 1)77 MEDIUM. Males, 1891-1901. Females, 1891-1901. 0-15. 60— 65— 70- 75— 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— Llandudno . 118 135 137 183 113 107 120 117 121 111 Harrogate . 111 130 135 153 112 114 120 132 133 120 Cheltenham h . 107 122 128 118 111 114 105 112 120 104 Farnham 115 144 132 131 106 117 114 108 107 106 Thanet . . . 107 129 180 124 109 122 109 109 112 103 Southport . 125 159 148 147 115 123 182 129 130 110 Colchester h . 124 187 140 130 118 127 114 119 114 114 Chatham 122 119 122 120 105 127 128 120 111 106 929 1,075 1,072 1,056 889 951 937 946 948 874 One-eighth . 116 134 134 132 111 119 117 118 118 109 Luton . 114 115 119 112 108 115 103 114 119 106 Burton-ou- i Trent l . .j Southampton h . 127 144 139 140 115 119 118 128 128 113 115 150 144 139 111 120 127 123 123 107 Cockermouth . 125 116 125 130 105 122 127 124 181 109 Crewe 123 134 133 134 112 124 123 130 135 114 604 659 660 655 551 600 598 619 636 549 One-fifth . . 121 132 132 131 110 120 120 124 127 110 Cambridge h . 116 146 151 138 114 105 130 130 112 107 Oxford L H . 114 141 127 125 123 106 124 127 128 115 Reading h . 113 138 139 134 120 114 120 119 116 112 Ipswich L . 122 135 129 136 109 116 122 119 124 112 Exeter l 120 153 141 128 107 119 119 125 119 104 Lincoln l . 123 126 126 128 117 120 120 127 122 110 Chester* l h . 112 159 164 140 111 120 148 137 134 113 Maidstone* l . 120 171 157 145 122 120 152 150 143 120 940 1,169 1,114 1,074 923 920 1,035 1,084 998 893 One-eighth . 117 146 139 134 115 115 129 129 125 112 Denbigh . 107 139 142 141 111 112 134 142 139 105 Carnarvon . 107 181 134 132 110 113 124 130 129 108 Lancashire . 118 185 130 127 105 124 134 129 185 109 332 405 400 400 826 349 392 401 408 322 One-third . . 111 135 135 133 109 116 181 134 134 107 These i)luces should perliupa have beeu classed as " Uish." L 678 England's Recent Progress. HIGH AND LOW OR MEDIUM. Males, 1S91- 1901. Females, 1S91 -1901. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— Scarborough* . 123 130 114 128 110 120 115 120 128 107 Brighton* . . 125 136 127 119 105 128 114 113 110 106 248 266 241 247 215 248 229 233 238 213 One-half . . 124 133 120 123 107.. 124 114 116 119 106 Falmouth . 124 128 126 117 102 112 113 111 110 99 Cannock 122 127 129 130 103 119 105 123 125 105 Ashby-de-la-i Zouch . . .1 117 108 114 112 107 120 106 115 123 104 Kettering 120 93 100 115 109 121 99 112 116 110 Nuneaton . . 131 116 128 126 107 132 119 133 126 103 Chesterfield . 135 122 123 122 111 134 126 130 132 114 Helston . 131 126 139 148 104 134 101 111 114 97 "Grimsby 143 103 111 118 107 145 120 120 109 103 Penzance 135 116 123 133 103 146 106 110 107 94 Redruth . 149 181 169 146 105 149 112 120 125 102 1,307 1,215 1,262 1,267 1,056 1,312 1,107 1,185 1,187 1,031 One-tenth 131 121 126 127 106 131 111 lis 119 103 Yarmouth l 131 120 123 111 109 134 106 114 104 105 Norwich L . 142 126 126 117 110 139 118 120 115 107 273 246 249 228 219 273 224 234 219 212 One-half . . 136 123 124 114 109 136 112 117 109 106 * It is elsewhere suggested that the population of these places in March is no true measure fit to be applied to the numbei-s of deaths which occur there. Appendix F. 679 HIGH. Males, 1S91- 1901. Females, 1891 -1901. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75 — 0-15. 60— 65— 70- 122 75— Canterbury h . 120 159 169 138 125 127 120 128 122 Blackpool* . 133 153 162 167 121 128 138 140 141 122 Portsmouth l . 129 138 132 132 111 133 131 130 125 111 Morecambe l, . 131 168 159 154 119 134 179 165 159 122 Plymouth h . 144 143 131 123 107 143 129 132 122 104 657 761 753 714 583 665 697 695 669 581 One-fifth . . 131 152 151 143 117 133 139 139 134 116 Whitehaveuf . 129 138 138 137 115 127 147 153 151 111 Wrexham . 133 166 158 152 116 137 142 147 156 108 Barrow . 136 118 132 143 104 138 147 168 144 117 Rotherham . 148 145 139 134 108 147 132 136 151 108 Doncaster . 149 133 133 126 112 148 118 126 124 111 Barnsley l . 153 148 148 143 115 154 143 141 151 118 Durham group . 152 146 145 143 113 158 148 145 143 113 Glamorgan "| group . . f 156 162 158 146 108 158 152 151 141 107 Middlesbro' 153 151 152 . 141 114 158 148 151 148 111 Wolverhampton 165 151 151 142 110 165 142 143 139 107 WalsallJ . . 167 159 164 144 108 169 145 157 147 109 Wigan L . . 167 178 174 163 115 172 173 178 168 113 Potteries 181 187 178 158 112 184 161 160 153 109 1,989 1,982 1,970 1,872 1,450 2,015 1,898 1,956 1,916 1,442 One-thirteenth 153 152 152 144 112 155 146 150 147 111 * The note on the next prooedintr page as to Scarborough and BriRhton also applies to Blackpool. + The mortality in Whitehaven shows (j;reat improvement at ages 00-70. % Walsall is mainly o(ciipi( d willi .saddle making, hut socially must be under the indncnce of the Black Country ; the mortality depend.'! largely on the standard of living. 680 EnglamVs Becent Progress. HIGH. Males, 1891-1901. Females, 1891-1901. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— Carlisle h l. . 122 162 160 147 117 120 160 157 155 115 King's Lynn h. 130 139 154 142 105 131 130 142 118 103 Northampton 1 L H . . .1' 133 154 145 137 119 132 120 125 129 115 Gloucester l h. 128 150 152 143 119 137 142 135 126 117 Coventry 127 133 141 135 116 137 126 134 131 107 York L H 138 152 150 139 122 138 143 146 145 114 Derby H . . 137 167 159 151 120 140 145 146 145 117 Worcester h 144 161 147 139 116 144 137 143 131 107 Wakefield* l . 154 164 165 158 115 154 152 160 147 117 1,213 1,382 1,873 1,291 1,049 1,233 1,255 1,288 1,227 1,012 One-ninth 135 154 153 144 117 137 139 143 136 112 Bristol . 125 141 139 129 109 124 129 130 119 105 London . 145 158 153 140 110 149 134 136 128 109 Leicester 156 132 132 126 111 155 122 125 124 108 Hull .... 155 147 141 144 114 155 130 132 130 108 Birmingham 154 169 161 145 113 159 147 148 140 110 Nottingham 159 159 155 144 118 163 148 142 131 114 Leeds 171 174 178 166 123 172 158 162 155 117 Sheffield. . . 175 183 172 161 118 180 153 153 154 114 Liverpool 172 187 192 166 114 181 184 188 162 114 Manchester . 178 206 197 173 117 184 186 187 168 116 1,590 1,656 1,620 1,494 1,147 1,622 1,491 1,503 1,411 1,115 One-tenth 159 166 162 149 115 162 149 150 141 112 * It should be noted that the existence of lunatic asylums and hospitals does not account for high infantile death rates in Wakefield and elsewhere. Several coUiei-y towns are within the Wakefield district. Appendix F. 681 HIGH. Males, 1891- 1901. Females, 1891 -1901. 0-15. 60— 65— 70- 75— 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— Saddleworth 121 183 170 167 101 123 147 189 148 103 Leek .... 12G 139 135 126 112 127 135 147 129 112 Huddersfield 141 172 166 164 117 130 140 147 144 112 Macclesfield l . 128 165 166 155 110 132 162 152 155 115 Halifax . 136 187 176 173 122 134 139 148 152 114 Keighley 139 163 159 155 116 141 148 150 162 120 Rochdale 143 189 178 174 122 143 174 169 164 118 Glossop . 151 193 175 156 111 146 161 167 154 119 Haslingden . 152 179 183 166 117 148 164 172 168 110 Bradford . . 151 173 172 162 117 152 149 153 152 114 Bolton . 164 190 188 172 121 161 173 176 168 116 Bury .... 161 199 190 179 121 161 174 175 166 117 Dewsbury . 175 164 167 168 121 169 144 155 141 114 Blackburn . 175 184 181 178 122 171 178 182 177 117 Stockport . 174 185 180 163 119 172 165 162 163 118 Ashton - under - ( Lyne . . ./ 173 186 184 174 123 177 171 174 174 122 Burnley . 176 169 174 167 127 177 171 173 173 120 Oldham . 179 203 197 178 125 178 181 180 172 118 Preston l . 190 195 183 166 119 194 189 187 171 118 2,955 3,418 3,324 3,143 2,243 2,936 8,065 3,108 8,033 2,197 One-nineteenth 156 180 175 165 118 155 161 164 160 116 682 England's Recent Progress, Males, 1881-1891. Males, 1891- -1901. Average Index Numbers. Average Index Numbe •s. 0-15. co- 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— Residential, military and miscellaneous — 21 low . 3 moderate . 12 low and high 8 medium 2 high and low or medium 5 high .... 95 108 97 112 128 185 lli 111 151 135 132 156 105 104 139 129 121 140 103 106 132 123 113 133 106 102 113 112 113 115 94 110 94 116 124 131 113 114 165 134 133 152 108 107 148 134 120 151 109 116 142 132 123 143 102 105 116 111 107 117 Industrial and colliery — 5 moderate . 1 low and high 5 medium 10 high and low or medium 13 high .... 105 105 121 132 145 119 168 135 121 154 122 166 127 115 151 108 134 126 117 145 105 118 114 107 114 102 101 121 131 153 107 179 132 121 152 106 172 132 126 152 109 157 131 127 144 102 118 110 106 112 Old towns — 8 medium 2 high and low or medium 9 high .... 119 133 134 149 119 155 141 116 148 127 ai5 142 112 112 115 117 136 135 146 123 154 139 124 153 134 114 144 115 109 117 Textile— 3 low and high 19 high .... 126 159 151 178 139 168 139 162 114 121 117 156 151 180 157 175 156 165 117 118 Large towns — 10 high .... 162 172 162 152 119 159 166 162 149 115 Rural — 10 low .... 11 moderate . 3 medium 95 101 111 103 118 131 101 115 126 102 112 121 102 105 109 88 100 111 102 116 135 104 116 135 107 119 133 101 104 109 Appendix F, 683 Females 1S81 -1891. Females 1891 -1901. Average [ndex Numbei s. Average [ndex Numbers. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— Residential, military and miscellaneous^ 21 low .... 3 moderate . 12 low and high 8 medium 2 high and low or medium 5 high .... 94 105 96 116 126 137 104 114 135 120 119 133 105 114 134 122 115 132 101 98 123 115 108 125 102 103 112 110 108 111 94 113 91 119 124 .133 99 105 132 117 114 139 100 108 133 118 116 139 102 112 126 118 119 134 101 106 116 109 106 116 Industrial and colliery — 5 moderate . 1 low and high 5 medium 10 high and low or medium 13 high .... 110 113 121 133 149 107 153 131 106 148 108 156 130 109 144 104 141 121 109 140 102 110 111 105 113 104 106 120 131 155 108 153 120 111 146 108 145 124 118 150 111 147 127 119 147 101 121 110 103 111 Old towns— 8 medium 2 high and low or medium 9 high .... 122 133 135 129 111 142 127 112 140 119 108 132 108 108 114 115 136 137 129 112 139 129 117 143 125 109 136 112 106 112 Textile— 3 low and high 19 high .... 125 158 138 169 139 165 136 161 114 119 110 155 146 161 148 164 149 160 118 116 Large towns — 10 high .... 164 157 152 140 116 162 149 150 141 112 Rural — 10 low . 11 moderate . 3 medium 94 100 113 103 111 125 104 111 121 104 112 129 102 103 107 88 99 116 100 113 131 104 116 134 109 121 134 101 104 107 684 England's Becent Vrogress. Showing the Excess ok Shortage of Male LIortality in the Classified Groups of Districts. Male over Female, 1S81-91. Male over Female, 1891-01. 0-15. 60- 65— 70— 75— 0-15. 60— 65- 70- 75— Residential, military, &c. — 21 low 3 moderate ..... 12 low and high .... 8 medium ..... 2 high aud low or medium . 5 high ...... 1 3 1 4 2 2 7 3 16 15 13 23 ID 5 7 6 8 2 8 9 8 5 8 4 I 1 2 \ 3 3 3 2 14 9 23 17 19 13 8 I 15 16 4 12 7 4 16 14 4 9 1 I 2 1 1 Industrial and colliery — 5 moderate ..... 1 low and high .... 5 medium ..... 10 high and low or medium . 13 high 5 8 I 4 12 15 4 15 6 14 10 3 6 7 4 7 5 8 5 3 8 3 2 1 2 5 1 2 I 26 12 10 6 2 27 8 8 2 2 10 4 8 3 1 3 3 1 Old towns — 8 medium ..... 2 high and low or medium 9 high 3 I 20 8 13 14 4 8 8 7 10 4 4 1 2 2 17 11 15 10 7 10 9 5 8 3 3 5 Textile— 19 high 1 1 13 9 3 3 1 2 7 1 5 19 9 11 7 5 I 2 Large towns— 10 high 2 15 10 12 3 3 17 12 8 3 Rural residues — 10 low 11 moderate ..... 3 mediimi ..... 1 1 2 6 3 4 5 2 8 2 2 i 5 2 3 4 i 2 { .. 2 ' .. Totals (20 groups) .... 21 214 95 86 50 12 241 157 108 23 Thla Table points to an excess of male mortality at ages 60 upwards in l)oth periods, but more marked in the Second Decennium. Appendix F. 685 Showing the Rise or Fall op average Index Numbers as bktween the First AND Second Decennium. Residential, military, &c. — 21 low .... 3 moderate . 12 low and high 8 medium . 2 high and low or medium 5 high .... Industrial and colliery — 5 moderate . 1 low and high 5 medium . 10 high and low or medium 13 high .... Old towns — 8 medium . 2 high and low or medium 9 high .... Textile— 3 low and high 19 high .... Large towns — 10 high .... Rural residues — 10 low . 11 moderate . 3 medium . Totals (20 groups) 0-15. 60— 66— 70— -75 27 1 23 5 11 10 1 I 18 17 2 7 ! 3 86 142 17 5 I 7 I 12 .. i'eniales. 0-15. 60— 65— 70— 75— 36 31 24 120 10 Tlie fall ill mortality at a^e 0-15 is small, and in the cases marked * there is an increase in death rates already high. At 60-65 again there is little improvement. I 686 England's Becent Progress. Additional Notes. 1. The ordinax*y condition of things is that where mortahty at ages under 15 is high, there is also a still more marked excess at later ages, such as 60-65, but amongst the places classed as " high and low or medium " and " high " there are instances of infantile mortality represented by an index number in excess of that relating to the age 60-65. 0-] L.5. 60-65. 0-15 in excess. 1891-19 01. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Leicester . . 156 155 132 122 24 33 HuU . . . 155 155 147 130 8 25 Sheffield . . 175 180 183 153 27 Nottinghan 1 . . 159 163 159 148 15 London . . 145 149 158 134 15 Leeds . . . 171 172 174 158 14 Birminghai n . . 154 159 169 147 12 Norwi-ch . . 142 189 126 118 16 21 Yarmouth . . 131 134 120 106 11 28 Plymouth . . 144 143 143 129 1 14 Coventry . . 127 j 137 133 126 11 Nuneaton . . i 131 132 116 119 15 13 Chesterfielc . . ] 135 134 122 126 13 8 Durham . . 1 152 158 146 148 6 10 Barnsley . . 153 154 148 143 5 11 Glamorgan . . 156 158 162 152 6 Doncaster . . 149 148 133 118 16 30 Wolverbam pton . 165 165 151 142 14 23 Walsall . . 167 169 159 145 8 24 Potteries . . 181 184 187 161 23 Rotherham . . 148 147 145 132 3 15 Ashby-de-la -Zouch 117 120 108 106 9 14 Cannock . . 122 119 127 105 14 Middlesbro . . 153 158 151 148 2 10 Penzance . . 135 146 116 106 19 40 Helston . . 131 134 126 101 5 33 Bedruth . . 149 149 181 112 37 Grimsby . . 143 145 103 120 40 25 Kettering . . 120 121 93 99 27 22 Dewsbury . . 175 169 164 144 11 25 Burnley . . 1 176 177 169 171 7 6 Stockport . . ' 174 172 185 165 7 Falmouth and Huddersfield, in the preceding decennium, were in the same class. It is evident that in most of these places there is room for much abatement of infant mortality. Out of the nine colliery districts, seven are included in the above list, and the other two, Wigan and Wrexham, are only excluded because the mortality amongst adults there is at least as heavy as that of children. Considering the small number of women employed in outside work at the Appendix F. 687 mines, and the general lack of industrial employment for women in these districts, lower infantile death rates and a greater difference between male and female mortality in later life might have been looked for. I fancy that as with children, so with women, the rough conditions of ordinary life in a colliery village are prejudicial to health. In Middlesbro', Doncaster, Rotherham, Wolverhampton, Walsall and the Potteries, and also in such places as Whitehaven and Cockermouth, similar causes appear to conduce to like effects. 2. It is important to notice that the disturbing effects of county lunatic asylums and the larger hospitals affect extremely few of the textile manufacturing, industrial and mining districts. In Appendix E there are Tables from which the following extracts may be made : — Deaths of Lunatics, &c. Deaths of Lunatics, &c., per cent. of total deaths ascribed to ages 15 and upwards. Males. Females. Males. Females. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Textile— Wharfedale 59 791 60 754 2-3 22-8 2-2 21-6 Preston 734 1,114 682 915 8-2 I 11-9 6-9 8-9 Macclesfield . 293 356 267 279 7-1 ! 8-9 6-0 6-6 Industrial — Stafford . . . 614 812 463 557 26-3 32-2 23-4 26-1 Burton-on-Trent . 295 376 238 257 7-3 8-3 6-7 6-4 Colliery districts — Barnsley group . Wigan group . 877 583 989 1,275 706 468 831 773 8-1 2-3 8-0 4-3 7-1 2-0 7-3 2-8 Hospital. Deaths in Hospital per cent, of total deaths at all ages. Males. Females. 1881-90. 1891-00. 1881-90. 1891-00. Industrial — Southampton Stafford . . /Netley Hospital, Eoyal South Hants\? o „ \ Infirmary ji ' Staffordshire General Infirmary . i 5-9 9-2 7-3 2-1 3-7 2-7 4-7 Details as to other places will be found in Appendix E. The mortality in Cambridge (that of males singularly high in 1881-1891) may to a certain extent be due to the important institution known as " Addenbrooke's Hospital." 3. The principal aljatements of death rates in the second decennium affect the population at ages 15-60, but as the deaths at those ages are only about 26 to 28 per cent, of the wliole, tlio mortality before and after that period is of great importance, and has been dwelt on most fully. I 688 England's Recent Progress. Age at end of Deaths, 1881-1890. Deaths, 1891-1900. Decenniuin. Male. Female. Male. Female. 0-15 . . . 15-60 . . . 60 and upwards 1,163,663 738,033 796,620 998,908 706,475 841,072 1,200,352 779,015 885,859 1,029,228 720,816 960,105 Totals . 2,698,316 2,546,455 2,865,226 2,710,149 As the numbers of births showed but httle increase, the deaths at ages 0-15 were only about 3 per cent, higher. Deaths at ages 15-60 (population being materially greater) were kept down l)y the hygienic improvements which took place. Consequently most of the increase in absolute numbers belonged to ages 60 and upwards. To mos^ persons, however, it will be interesting to measure the mortality affecting lives up to age 60, and I think the best way to obtain a figure representing the collective result of such mortality is as follows : — Ten thousand males at age 5-10 in England and Wales may be conceived to lose nearly 2 per cent, in 5 years. Then calculating on the figures for 1881-1891 at age — 5-10 . . 10,000 X -961 X -944 X -913 x -860, &c., gives 3,276 living at 65-70 10-15. . 9,800 X -957 X -929 X -887 X -826, &c., „ 4,507 ,, 60-65 and 1,956 „ 70-75 Similarly, on the figures for 1891-1901 at age — 5,10 . . 10,000 X -968 X -951 x -923 x -869, Ac, gives 3,345 living at 65-70 10-15. . 9,840 X -964 X -938 X -898 X -831, &c., „ 4,694 „ 60-65 and 1,920 „ 70-75 For females, the 1881-1891 figures give — 10,000 X -961 X -944 x -919 x -884, &c., equal to 3,9G7 living at 65-70 9,800 X -957 X -932 x "904 x -862, &c., „ 5,183 „ 60-65 and 2,685 „ 70-75 and the 1891-1901 figures give — 10,000 X -968 X -955 x -932 x -893, &c., equal to 4,142 living at 65-70 9,840 X -965 X -944 x -915 x '866, &c., „ 5,434 „ 60-65 and 2,684 „ 70-75 If we venture to accept these figures as correct, they imply that after 60-65 the death rates were, per cent, in 5 years : — Between 60-65 and 65-70 65-70 „ 70-75 1881-1891. Male. Female. 27-3 23-5 40-3 32-3 1891-1901. Male. Female. 28-8 23-8 42-6 35-2 I see nothing difficult of belief in these results, and arrive at the idea that on the basis of mortality as experienced in the decennium 1891-1901, 1,920 out of 10,000 male children aged 5-10 would survive at the age 70-75 and 2,684 out of 10,000 female children of that age would similarly survive. If we take into account the entire period of life, no noticeable change seems to have taken place in the final result of mortality as between Appendix F. G89 1881-1890 and 1891-1900 ; but up to age 65-70 there was an improvement equalling more than 2 per cent, in the numbers of surviving males, and more than 4 per cent, in those of females. If we select London, Manchester and the rural parts of Norfolk and Suffolk as affording illustrations of the inequality which exists in rates of mortality, the following figures are (by a similar process) arrived at for 1891-1901 :— Survivors of 10,000 children aged 5-10. :Male. Female. 65-70. 60-65. 70-75. 65-70. 60-65. 70-75. London .... Manchester . Norfolk, &c. . . 2,980 l,86i 5,118 4,374 3,287 G,34G 1,667 776 3,630 4,121 2,770 5,291 5,474 4,272 6,425 2,759 1,482 3,819 Percentage of Loss in 5 years. — Males. Females. 65-70. 70-75. 65-70. 70-75. London 31-9 44-1 24-7 33-1 Manchester 43-3 58-4 35-2 46-5 Norfolk, &c. . . 18-9 29-5 17-6 27-3 The significance of these figures is, that of children from 5 to 10 years old, those resident in London have but half or three-quarters the chance of attaining 70-75 which is possessed by boys and girls in Norfolk, and those who live in Manchester have only about half the chance enjoyed by London children. I subjoin a Table showing the approximate survivors at each quin- quennial age in England and Wales : — Surviving Males. Surviving Females. Surviving Males. Surviving Females. 1881-91. 1891-01. 1881-91. 1891-01. 1881-91. 1891-01. 1881-91. 1891-01. 5-10 . 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 40-45 . 7,728 7,990 ' 7,902 8,202 10-15 . 9,800 9,840 9,800 9,840 45-50 . 7,123 7,384 7,370 7,694 15-20 . 9,610 9,680 9,610 9,680 50-55 . 6,383 6,640 6,811 7,103 20-25 . 9,379 9,486 9,379 9,496 55-60 . 5,535 5,767 6,065 6,363 25-30 . 9,072 9,206 9,072 9,244 60-65 . 4,507 4,694 5,183 5,434 30-35 . 8,713 8,898 8,741 8,964 65-70 . 3,276 3,345 3,967 4,142 35-40 . 8,283 8,497 8,337 8,616 70-75 . 1,956 1,920 2,685 2,684 090 EnglancVs Becent Progress. Probably, if we wish to measure the healthfulness of a district in middle life, the calculated number of survivors at age 55-60 will be as good a standard as any. But the movements of invalids, &c., have so much to do with the matter, that I consider it scarcely worth while to make many calculations on this subject. It is also to be recollected that the statistics of the smaller districts cannot bo expected to show such regular phenomena as those of the more important ones, though averages of ten years' deaths must always be preferable to the data of a single year. APPENDIX G. COMPUTATION OF MIGRATIONS AFFECTING CERTAIN TOWNS IN 1891-1901 WITHIN THEIR 1901 LIMITS, AND OF THOSE OCCURRING IN ADJACENT RURAL AREAS REMAINING ON SUB-DIVISION OF THE SEVERAL DISTRICTS (see page 14). 2 Y 2 APPENDIX G. COMPUTATION OF MIGEATIONS AFFECTING NOTTINGHAM AND THE POTTEEIES IN 1891-1901 WITHIN THEIR LIMITS AS IN 1901, AND ALSO OF MIGRATIONS IN CERTAIN OTHER DISTRICTS IN 1891-1901 WHERE THE TOWN AND COUNTRY PARTS ARE SEPARABLE. The principle on which the estimates for Nottingham and the Potteries (enlarged areas) have been prepared is to assume the age-distribution and scale of mortality in the added areas to resemble those met with in suburban districts generally, so far as may be consistent with actual records relating to the sub-districts affected. As regards the separation of the rural element in Chester, Lincoln, Exeter, Crewe, Rugby and Grimsby, the first requisite is that the age- distribution in the towns shall be ascertainable from the Census returns. Then as to mortality, this is assumed to follow in the rural parts the scale which applies to the rural residue of the county group. The known deaths in the purely rural sub-districts are thus distributed as to ages, and as to the rural portions of the other sub-districts the same mortality is assumed to prevail, adding of course the known mortality in county lunatic asylums if any. The asylum mortality for want of other guidance is apportioned as to age by the help of the figures in Appendix E, relating to the excess of deaths in Godstone, Uxbridge and Brentwood. Deducting the figures for the rural parts thus put together, those for the towns remain as a residue. We have thus the advantage of knowing the approximate migrations and mortality in the cities of Exeter, Lincoln and Chester, freed from the influence of county lunatic asylums, although the concentration of most of tiio pauperism of the entire districts in tlie respective cities leaves tlio apparent death rates liigher than would appear if the cities liad only tlieir own poor to provide for. On the other hand, the workhouse for the town of Crewe is outside its limits, and thus unfavourably affects the statistics of the rural parts. Tlie very favourable rates of mortality in the rural parts of tlie Chester district tend to obscure the influence of the county asylum there. At Rugl)y and Grimsby tlierc appears to bo nothing to swell tlio moderate losses proper to a purely rural district. The actual death rates (as computed) and index numbers are now tabulated : — 694 England's Recent Progress. OOO •*t-OTt<00CDOOt-0iOCqt- 00 o ^ tr- ee CO iHiHOO-*COOQO(M.-IOC5 J. »0 05 COOOrHOrHiH^OJOOOTHOI «N CM c50CNoooooooiHO'*'*< (MTHOqiHOqTHTHCNOqtMr-li-l 1 T-i 00 COt-CO»OC5t~OC5t~>Ot~CO 00 o 1-1 cq (MTHiHi-H-Hi-liHr-tiHiHi-li— 1 »0 Ci CO Ttl ■<*Oi-HOOt- O CM O tH -*t-i-IODt-000>C^0100010 Ot- cootM-^'^co-^oooco^m oot- OO00i0;0C0t~OOO>OiO 1-1 i-H 1-1 »Ot- OCOt-COOCO-rH>OQOt-ir5-^ o lO 00 »o o ->*< CO o lo t- Clio 4h lo CiCDOCJ3CD00CMTHTj(CO00»OC^ -i^COCOrHCOCOCOCOlOCOtMCq OC500t~0>00 o 04 Si o -3 O o S P >-i to o a o c bo 2 i-i j.S X 2 :=! S a (MTt( rtir-IO00Ot-OC0t--^C0O Ot~ O'*CDt--t-iH-i*co>ooioooot-OiH T-(i-IOCOC5t~OOOlOCOi-IO tJ) tH o 05 »o cm 00 t- CD lO en C5 CTi -* OiH i-l-*lOt-CO>OCDCDlO»Ci-li-l CO lO (McriQot^O'-icocoiocooco t-Oi-IC0Oi-HC0^(MCMC5O lO CO iH-r*IO-*iHC0C5OOC00000 rH CO 1-1 iH ^CJCT>OCOOOO^t~-^t~»OC5lrti-l OOCDOCDCOCDt-COC-COlOCO 00 cq >OCDOC50iOOOCMiOCit~C:i cb>OU3T(fCOiOCDt-COuO-*-* t- CO oqcoc5tM-*oot^^t-ot- WtH-^tHCO-^-^iOCD-^-^-* CO •* CO CO oocioocot-oiocococot- ■<^COCOCO(?)COCOCOlOCOCOCO 00 CO o CO CO 00 t- -^ t~ 1-1 o o o ^ Cq CO CO « 03 CO (N CO cq CO CO CN CM CO t-COCNiOQOOOOCOrHOcOi-i(M CO lO iH CO _ - _ CM(M 1-liHi-lrH !>Ji-li-li-(i-li-l c3 to.® C I- £ ° § i 1 1 »-' S ^ ^ O liHT-ICT>0050a30 iHt-I THiHr-lrHrHT-l rH i-l iH 1 o lOCTl CCtDOO'-l03'MrH'rt0 OCOCO»C^(MCM0 t- tH (M lO ^ O Cq 0 -H CT> 00 -# CO CO 05 t- 1:~ t~ CDOl OrHlO(MCO(MCO'*-*COai02 iHrH CNT-li-lT-HiHT-li-lrHiHrH .a 0) i CqCO t-COOT-HCOC^COOOOOOCDCM CDOO iHi-|iO(MC0CNTj O CM CO CO O 00 t- t-ItH i-I tHiH iHtHtHiHi-H X X Clio tj1O(M'-ICD-*O00t-I^.HC<1 rH,-( lOO(M0005C:5r-llOCOOOOQO T-liH tH tH iHt-It-Ii-I X CO GO-* (N CD (M 00 Ol CO CO CO CO ■* Cq CO r-io coasoit-ooiajcoioocooj T-lr^ iH rH rH T■^r^I^ X OQ0C0 C-10 CD'HC5t~cocoo T-HrH iHiHrHrH t-I iH _3 1 1 i-t Nottingham Potteries .... Chester and Hoole Lincoln .... Exeter and Exmouth . Crewe ..... Rugby. .... Grimsby and Cleethorpes Rural : Chester . „ Lincoln . ,, Exeter ,, Crewe Rugby ,, Grimsby . cocococot-ot-oco-*-*o rHOOCqOOi-HQOOCqOiOOrH • H bD?J ^^Z Cl 'C 1) 't! a ■" d 2 5 ° AP^ OtJW ^ to OPhCW (>!)() England's liccrnt Progress. Tho most noticeable fact shown socnis to me to be the singularly low mortaUty amongst males aged 15-30 in tho town of Crewe. It has no counterpart in the case of females, and must I think be due to the imperative demand upon railway men that they should enjoy fair health. One may suspect that the high comparative death rates in the sun'ounding rural district may represent in part mortality amongst disabled railway men. Female mortality in that district at the same ages is not very much depressed. Female mortality is extremely low in Rugby town, especially at ages 20-45, the adjacent rural parishes showing much less extraordinary figures. At corresponding ages there is exactly the reverse state of things amongst males. This again should be capable of explanation by the resident medical men. The infantile death rate in the city of Chester seems low indeed in comparison with the mortality in later life : whilst Lincoln and Grimsby enjoy much better health for both sexes after age 15. In Exeter, which has a much worse record for males than Lincoln, the death rates for females are no higher than in that city, and the disparity of loss in the two sexes is notable. The diagrams will serve to illustrate these facts. Appendix G. 697 CO Oi Cl u_ cc .^ rH oq >o OS 03 rH -^.2 e> S 2 1 ^ 00 CO CO t- CO rH cq lO CO 00 CO o i-H L— CO CI Cl lO lO « 1 ^ (M rH UO rH rH T-i CJ C4 CO d .'^ 00 cn t- 00 CO ^ 7->. t- CO -* CD >o CO •* CO s? CO CN rH lO r-\ t- CO rH -* rH CO t- CD 05 CO ■gri. 0 T-l rH rH rH rH T-H b- rH d C5 o § 00 • • 11 O o lO r~\ O lO ro rH CO ^ rH rH lO O ■* cfl o o m CO CM CO CO o 00 O o CO o CO i-i rH »o CO iO rH Cl Cl rH CO «rd rH t- rH ^ 00 CI CI CD CO O CO lO o o Cl " Y 00 O o CI r/) •^ lO rH ■* CO o rH II O o lO o CO t- o cu CO tr- o -* CO io Cl t- C3 o lO CO CO O H 01 CM o> Cl CO *3 O o rH 11 rH rH ■^ ^ m 00 o T-\ CI »C5 rH c^ CO <\ O CO lO lO en lO -tH CI " t-1 CO CO CO rH rH t- €9, CO lO CO OS CO CO t- o a CO CO CO t>- CO 5° rH C/) CO CO o lO co C75 lO CI CO CO co t- 00 O CO rH "O CO o t- t- 00 CT O rH Cl CD o «2 Oi rH rH T-\ CO Cl Cl male pula- ion, 891. CO rH' CO CO o lO CO CO rH CO lO IT- ^-\ -^ Ol lO O CO ^-{ <-{ CO t- o CO 05 CO O t- oo -* CO lO rH O CI 01 00 o o 00 CO o_ Cl 'i* CO o_ a> Cl ^^-^ co"co CO * lO '^ 1-1 OT CO rH CM • s"s Ol lO m t- lO t- rH -# C5 rH (M rH t- •H CO o L- o L- CI r-\ lO ~t\ o L~ -* t- lO t- GO o CO -t( -tf •o CO L- a.) OT C^ o rH Cl rH lO PS o rH rH y-K r-\ CO CN CN ^-— '^^ ■5 s ^'S Q CO OCO t^ o lO cq 0» t- o\ '^ b- R CO -« Oi o CO C5 lO rH 05 o CM CO C?5 Ol m CN CO tH r-^ CO C<1 CO CJ C» 00 lO -* CO t- O -* o rH ,^ p-^-i -*(M C-l rH CJS 00 L- t- CD lO -* co CO Cl ■* CO CO rH r^ r-{ CO tH 2 , , , ^ . 1^o| oo o IC o »o O lO O >o o lO o in rH rH 1 lO CO 1 lO CO 1 o 2 >o 1 lO lO CD 1 lO o 1 lO t- 1 o ft l-{ rH ct CN CO CO -« •* lO lO CD CD t- 698 England's Becent Progress. ■<*l rH U5 t* CO CO Oq CO iH K O 5? sc..: O Oh lO 00 00 o -a, <» u Q O lO i-H tH I I oo _0^ -~rf =i 5 S s ""Si o >n I I o o Appendix G. 699 « c' CO CO CD •^ CO 00 ■<*l Is ■3 CO .-I CO 10 rH CI O 60 m' CO (N ■* rH CD CI t- 10 CO rH rH ■* t3 ^ tH (M 00 CO (M ■^ rH >o CO 00 ■* rH ■* 00 t- t- ^ '^t* CO CO t- 00 00 03 CI •>*( 00 CO lO 10 rH rH rH rH CI Ss «2 cf imale pula- ion, 891. CD 10 rH 10 t~ rH CO 00 t- 00 ^ 00 00 00 CI Tt< Ol t- lO CO CO 03 03 CO 7-{ t- CD CO ^ >o CM 03 CO tr- CD CO CO CD >o -* 03 o_ £S"" CO 1-1 rH rH r-T CD rH A a CO C3 io -* CD -* CO 00 o g cS ■^ 00 -* CO r-\ r-\ CO -Ij.2 (M "3 C8 03 CO CO CO t- t- rts >o CO CO t- CI co r^ 1 r-^ ^ ^ »o 1? t~ CO 05 ^ rH rH CO CI CI 03 CO 10 CO 10 .— ( CO Tjf 10 CD 00 CI rH CI CO t- 03 CO CO rH rH r^ rH rH CI »o ■* »s o2 CI "3 g So in^ >o CO CI t- CO rH t- >o cq CI 03 CI CO CO rH ■ CI b- CI C3 -# ^ 10 CO lO 1-1 ^ lO Tj< •* 03 t~ t- CD CO CO CD »o '^ 03 03 iJ a.Sxp r^p-^-H CO rH rH rH rH >o Ph rH 2 en rd 13 Is o-S >o >o 10 lO lO 10 >o ^ 03 O rH iH 01 1 10 CI : CO 1 CO 1 1 10 1 10 1 UO 10 1 CO 1 >o CD 1 1 10 rH rH CM Ol CO CO ^ •^ 10 CD CD c- g CM CO CO lO CO ^-\ t- CI CO CI CI r-\ o S 10 UO 7-\ CI 10 CD CO CO CO "* rH *3.2 3 i-H CM CM T-i cq '"' r-\ Ttl sis r-\ Si UJ ^ aths, 1-00. ^ CO 00 b- t- ^ CI t- t- rH rH t- CI CI CO 00 cn> 03 rH CI Cl d -* 10 03 CI CM t- CO rH T-K rH rH rH T^ 7-{ rH CI 00 t- «5S «S rH co a s o o^ CO 00 OO irt CO CO ^ CI 00 CO t- CI >o CI rH C-l Oi CO CO CO CO ^ CI 03 CI lO t~ CO CD CI CO CO ■* C-l 00 CO »o tH CI 03 CO CD UO rH -* a a.g CO p-tirH CO S OS rH CO CO CO CO CO Tjl »o C3 C3 rH ■* CO 10 ^ —■ .-^-H -^ C5 rH ■^ Ol t- CI tH CO r—\ CO lO 10 CI C3 •p •- - C^ -H C-l ■^ CO 7-\ t- iC M< CO i-i 00 CD ■* CO CO !_, ^.S 00 COOT o >o >o 10 >o 10 10 S'S = rH r-\ 01 01 CO CO 6 16 ^ >o 10 CO CO iT t~ rj^ a 0) ^^ t 6 1 6 1 ^ 1 10 1 1 1 « T-i ■r-\ o rH rH CO C5 t- ^ oco CD >o tH rH o a 00 00 t- t- CO lO ^^ rH CO i-l i-i I-l tH T-1 rH tH GO ^(ii rH =• CO CO lO CD CO CO t- CO t~ ,^ en T-l 1-1 Tji CD l-O CM o <=o o §2 t- o t- CO T-{ O a to ai iH o GO O O O F^'.? O CO t- CO cq Hi r-^ 1? -o lO CD o o CM 00 CM CT3 -* CM a O ^ L-- t~ C» CO o o iH CM CO CO CD rH tJI C^ gs iO tH iH rH rH rH rH CM t- CD fiS CI «.^--^- a>Gi CD o t- cq CO 00 Ttl CM CM O rH rH CM o CD T-H o> CO ':« t~ L- o CO CO ■* »o -* CD lO 00 3ft.2§ r^ O o b- CO C5 00 CO t- t- O >o lO -* rH o f'? O-t^rH CO 1-1 iH 1-1 iH r-< L~ f^ rH s . "§ o-S o »o o o O >o o lO O lO o >o O lO §^ tH i-H CM CM CO CO -* '^l O iO CO CO L- t- id. »o o lO o lO o lO o lO o 1 o i-H iH CN CM CO CO ^ 'H o id o O t- fi ^ ««-< ^ ^• rr\ CM O o rH ^~i c^ -tl ° 3 C3 ^ cq o r-< L~ lO lO rH o iH >o ^ rH P^-5 in . »o a iH CO rd Oi ■^ • O h! -* o iH ^ rH ^ lO CO -* CM T-l mo CO CM o o -H CO rH -H rH CO CM (M O rH 1 rH t- CO >o '^ O CO rH o OD CD t- C^ CI gs t~ 1-1 1-f iH rH T-l iH rH CM CM CM CO ■* o o PS 1-1 T-l o .2^ . . SS..2§ CO t- CM lO O O lO o o O-l rH >o a o oSS t- CO CO CO CO CO CM o t- t- iH CM CO O >o CO C5 T-i tH rH to 1 00 o CO t- I-l . tH f43 s -^ o *< iH o tH ^ >o rH CD md 1 o lO CO o (M o t- 00 rjl CO o m CM (M CO -* a o CI ~H CO a> rH CM o o >o 00 CO CD 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 iH CM CM CM CO CO CO rH 00 fiS * CM o o 00 lO CO 00 ZO CO (M (M rH rH rH rH rH T-l PM CO s o »o o >o o >o O >o O lO O >o o lO rH iH CM 1 CM 1 O CO 1 >r3 CO 1 o 1 1 o CD 1 CD 1 1 o cS g "5 S 1-1 iH CM CM CO CO ■<*< ■«* «o w CO CD t- t- o< n E3 i Appendix G. 701 . c 10 10 CD CM o c "S • CO rH s-B C5 '5 c4 • CO ^ I:- ox rH rH cq rH CO ^ 10 o So W ^ C5 10 tH iH rH CO >4 CO >-H iH CO i-H i-H rH rH ma CO Oi t- CD ^ cq OT 10 Oi ■^ 5? CO >o 10 CO t- t- 00 t- CO C5 CO 10 CD CO cq 58 1-H rH rH rH lO CD fii cq male pula- ion, 891. tr- rH '^ CO 00 OS CO cq CD CO CD io tH rH t:- Oi (M rH CO CD CM CO -* ^ CO C5 00 t- CD^ CO 01 o_ 00 t- CO CO lO ^ 00 t- O O « r-( '^ rH rH iH y-\ r-\ rH l-( oT l^fl^ rH c' cq rH C3J CO '5 CO CO 7-^ CO CO e "5 J3 CD CO T-\ rH rH rH rH -* t- S 3) 03 >o tH CO t- CO 10 rtS o (M oq CO CO rH rH 05 S >A tH mo tr- t- xH ^ rH 10 10 tr- \H 00 cq rH .^3 o »o io 10 L— t- 00 rH io CM Cl ■^ C* r~< >H tH rH rH cq cq CO o_ o ^ «s tH CO O^ " • Ol t- Ol t- t- CO cn ir- CO 00 CM CO t- OD GO i-H t- rH oi CD t- L- CO CO 10 CO TS — ^ -*> 10 C5 00 t:- 10 cq rH 00 t- 10 lO ^ 00 10 S&53 ■* rH rH f— j tH tH tH a> 1^ <-( -: CO -^3«t-l -^ r^ TS 03 0'5 >-o 10 UO 10 10 10 10 a y ?r'^ a 1 1 1 1 CO 1 CO 1 1 1 10 1 10 1 CO 1 1 L-- ] t- 1 s ^ ^-g 00 10 10 10 10 10 lO 10 Sj 1-i rH Ol CO lO cq CO CO CD 10 .a o Ol I:- t- t- OD 00 C^ rH j—\ CO ^ 10 -* §55 C-1 tH l-{ rH r-i rH ■^ CO «3 i-H CM <» i cri 10 C31 CD CM rH CO rH t- -^ t- B rH CD GO ll=^"g t- CO 10 tH cq CM L- -* rH ■>*) 00 t- t- -^ tH tH 00 10 ■^ cq rH Oi 00 t- CD -* co in = a.SS o CM CM ia CO t- 00 •s| -* CO 05 <35 tH rH rH cq rH 05 — -r.; CO C5 10 cq ^ CO CO CO cq t- S CO 3S..2§ >0 rH OJ C5^ Q0_ o_ -* o >o ^ 10 10 10 10 >o p '-' rH .-H 01 Ol 2 CO tH "f 10 10 L- L- cS cS ii 1 10 i o 10 CD CO L- 702 England's Recent Progress. J CO CO in 03 , 1.1 t- rH CD CM rH CO ■* (31 (33 7-{ o in rH o 1 o CO CO rH (M CO rH CM CO oTcJ t- rH CD lO t- CM CO CO CD CO o t- (M O (X) •^9 lO (M CM (M n O in O in CO CM CD P^g ^ lO CO o (M (M (M rH rH ■^ o rH CO 2d CO a (M (M -^ iH CO ^ =s;i (M a a..3oo t-CO CO CD o in ^ '^ tH OJ CM CM rH 7-1 CO t- •- © O-k^ >-< iH P= ^ CO o in CO in o Mai opu tion 189 t-CO o CD 'i* CO CO ^ CO CO (M rH rH ^ CM (31^ PM a CO r- '^ S.2a o in o m o in o in o in o in O in C c3 ya g l-( T-l CM CM CO CO ■* ^ in in o o t~ t- c3 s: o o lO o in o in o in o in o in o in P< ft rH rH CM CM CO CO ^ ^ in in o o t~ t~ P Appendix G. 703 n ■gc ■« : t ; ^o a tS • CO CO Oi in CO 10 05 CO CO CO ^ l:- C33 cS bi) M CO 00 ^ CM 00 CO iC 10 CM rH co 03 «S 1^ Ol CM ^ CO rH tr- rH oTc = t- T-H rH cn CO 03 03 10 C35 t- 10 10 'S ■: ■* Tt) tH ■^ CO ■* •* >o ■* 10 CO Oi ^ CO 03 'S r H ^ T-i lO CD «S rH male pula- ion, 891. 00 rH -^ tr- CO CO CO T-i 03 00 lO CO CO CO lO CM ^ t~ rH 03 t:- C33 o rH rH CO 00 (D C5 OS rH y—^~^ ce i O ^ m CO (M CO 03 t~ lO ^ CM GO 03 c3 (M 03 -* r^ Oi CO 03 rH CO 03 CO CO CM CO CO T-i GO CO CO CO 10 »o lO ^ CO 03 1^ a.2 oo cq i-H rH rH T-< rH ^ . — " . ■^0-5 »o 10 10 lO »o lO 10 e3 cS iH rH (M ^li" CO CO tH ^ 10 10 CO CO t- tr- 1 1 00 1 1 1 10 6 1 1 1 1 1 >o 1 1 10 1 ^t rH T-i cq CM CO CO ^ ■* >o lO CO CO t- L- Pj Q r3 d t~ rH t- rH OD Ttl CO rH CM ^ o S *3 (M (M >o CM a CO rH rH 03 10 CO rH Jj.2 CM -* 00 t- CO CO rH rH rH o_ 1g » to rH 10' . rts ^ <^ ^ rn'o CO t~ Oi 00 OT CM >o ^ >o TtH rH CO CO in rH •72 '^ lO Csl (M 10 CO t- t~ t- CO t- CM c:o 10 og" d Ui CO CO CO rH 03 tr- CO >o CO 03 CD •3 CO iO CO CO CO CM CM o_ S 0! V ic . y-l •* Ph5 M ii^ ^ _ OS o CI c~ Tt( t- 00 ■«** GO 00 io CO t- 00 ee — * "* (M CO -* ■^ 10 a> rH •5i CO (M T-< 1-i rH rH iH r-i rH rH T-I rH CM CM 10 °1 "» as CO lO •3 g§S a> (M >o 10 o> Oi 00 10 CO OD CO m ■<** rH lO 00 tH t~ >o ~^ •rH rH lO Oi CO CM 10 CM T-i 00 rH L- ^ S "5^"* i-H CO CO CO CM CM CM CM rH rH T-i cjT Ph rH CO c m -O 10 >o ICO 10 10 eg. 111 rH i-< 1 1 (M CM 1 CO 1 CO 1 t t 1 7 ^ ^ '7 ^ 00 10 10 10 >o >o 10 « rH T-i (M CM CO CO -^ -* 10 10 CO CD t- 704 Enghoid's Recent Progress. BIRMINGHAM. Referring to tlio remark ou page 13 as to the uncertainty I was in concerning the inclusion of West Bromwich Registration District within the houudaries, for my purposes, of Birmingham, I submit the following remarks. The registration district of West Bromwich is divided into five sub- districts, \iz., Handsworth, Oldbur}', West Bromw^ich (2) and Wednesbury. I have found it practicable to construct Tables of population, deaths and migrations for the four places, treating the two sulD-districts of south-west and north-east West Bromwich as one. The sub-district of Handsworth includes the urban districts of Perry Barr and Handsworth. The small population of Perry Barr and the want of progress in its numbers between 1891 and 1901 satisfies me that this urban district ought not to be treated as part of Birmingham if we were laying down a scientific boundary. On the other hand, I entertain no doubt but that Handsworth urban district receives a large portion of the overflow of Birmingham and ought to be counted as part of that city. The other three places do not seem really to belong to Birmingham considered scientifically, and I find little reason to believe that any portion of the neighbouring registration district of Walsall ought to be deemed a true dependency of the city. The following statement of migrations in 1891-1901 as now estimated will show that the numbers attracted by Handsworth sub-district (including Perry Barr) in that decennium were large enough to counterbalance losses in the other places, and thus to justify the inclusion of the whole district within the Birmingham boundary : — Handsworth. Oldbury. West Bromwich. Wednesbury. Entire District. Age at end of Decennium. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. 0-15 . . 1,54.3 2,036 4.S6 429 293 293 270 305 1,110 1,009 15-20 727 1,445 142 373 265 706 180 330 140 36 20-25 680 1,667 131 241 408 626 1.36 191 5 609 25-30 869 756 113 91 395 61 231 84 130 520 30-35 574 501 48 34 300 120 174 24 52 391 35-40 538 357 4 12 166 173 148 98 220 74 40-45 324 376 7 34 79 71 107 91 145 248 45-50 337 325 62 81 21 114 38 57 216 73 50-55 296 264 13 12 38 48 65 261 173 55-60 167 231 2 16 29 75 39 60 149 80 60-65 60 92 I 41 36 .38 71 49 48 46 65-70 34 91 12 9 20 29 45 9 21 138 70-75 45 111 14 14 61 58 23 36 97 147 75 and up- 1 wards ./ 26 38 61 89 29 60 12 37 52 74 6,158 8,214 848 1,010 1,238 2,168 1,522 1,418 2,550 3,618 On the next page will be found the full details for West Bromwich district and for Handsworth sub-district. Any one can therefore, by deducting the one and adding the other, so alter the Birmingham figures as to bring out the result of including Handsworth and Perry Barr in lieu of taking in the entire district. Appendix G. 705 o lO t~ CO rH tr- o lO ^ rH CM rH rH •^ tn ^ OtI ^ CO lO O io t- CM CD CO C^ a> 1-1 rH o c .^ o ^ CO t- O CO CO CO CM cq 1-^ CI ^ O o CM rH rH CO o 00 CO to o •^ >o O o »o CO o o O o o lO O 1 o t- •S7 lO O O CO O L— 00 00 iH CM CO -* CO 00 00 ^g >H rH rH rH rH rH CO CD fiS rH C<1 male [)ula- .01), 891. CO t- GO OS a 00 lO o 00 o 00 O o tH ^ CO t- i-H CO Oi CO rH CO CO rH o-j o o rH lO rH •^ o O C5 ^ r-< t- '^ 7-i O CO t- >o tH t~ CD SS"-^ >0o in 00 •^ ? >o Th tH CO o t- 00 o T-l CN T-l CO CD «S i-l C^l CJ^ - . CO cq CO o C5 rH CO CM CO C-; lO O rH CO -* "*< t- O) lO o 05 t- o CM CO t- O CO t- CO CO cy> sisi CO CT) 00 CO o '^ 01 CM en CO t- lO "* CO »o in lO tH rH rH T-t r-f rH r-t 1-1 Plh Cl a m _ '^ Ik o »o O lO o lO O lO o iO o >o o iO a OS lO S^ 1 1 o CO 1 CO 1 o 1 lO o 1 lO ■o 1 o CO 1 o 1 o 1 lO L- 1 o Q iH rH Ol CI CO CO -n ^ "O uo o CO L- L- P 05 CO o o rH '^ 00 CO CO ^ o 00 [:- ■^ m ■Sg o CO o CM o t~ ^ t- t- 00 tH CO -H L- 1-1 ^ o CD »o CO CM rH rH 1-1 CO o 3 03 r-i CO P43 M rq ^ T-i t~ '^ CO CO c- CO lO CO lO CO CM CD in CO .s^ tH ^ CM o o CM ■^ CO lO rH L-- O Tji 00 ^ ^s lO o co lO L- OD (M o o CO t-l L- CO CO f^P^*^ C-l 09 00 t~ CO lO -tl -* CO CO (M (M 1-1 c-l t- o O K> o CM o lO CO rH 03 i-t t- CM o tH -* CO »o CM -* rH CD ■* CM a O in ° o tH rH rH !M rH CM CM rH m "5^ a rH Cl" P^g 3 00 M-O O o CO o n t- CO CD .H 1-1 CO CO Cl .=3 ? tH lO rH -# t- CM L-- oi CO t- lO a OT L- -;^ CO oq CM CO CO CO ■* tH »o lO CD L~ L~ t- rH «2 t~ rH in rH CI •^ >o 1-1 05 CI 1-1 o lO CO (M rH o oo I:- 0-1 lO O o -* O Ph OCi CO CO t- CO lO Tt* Td CO C-l CM o o in o »o O lO o lO O lO lO ^ li~ a y-t rH Ol i 1 ct ^ c^ c^ lA c^ .^ 1 o 1 1 o a r-t (M CM CO CO •»»< •^ U3 'O CO CO L- -^ 2 z 70(i England*s Recent Progress. STOCKPORT. The peculiarities observable in the statistical results for this district have induced me to endeavour to split it, but I find I am unable to satisfactorily separate the figures for the town of Hyde and those for the less densely inhabited sub-districts. All I can accomplish is to show Stockport almost by itself (for the urban districts of Heaton Norris and Eeddish are little more than extensions of Stockport) and the whole remainder of the district. It w411 be noticed that both portions attracted women and lost men at the age 20-25. Appendix G. 707 O o ft 'umebous. 1901. Married Women. Births. Married Women. Births. Harrogate 42-3 Llandudno . . . .44*5 Southport 45-5 Rhyl 46-5 Scarborough . . . . 46-6 Blackpool ,48-8 Watford 53-2 Preston j 53-1 Penzance I 53-1 Helston I 53-8 Oxford ; 48-7 Carlisle 50-2 25-63 23-87 23-02 24-44 23-58 23-61 22-86 25-16 22-80 23-26 23-02 26-29 Godstone . Windsor . Folkestone Weymouth Salisbury . Maidenhead Durham (residue) . Cumberland (residue) Carmarthen, &c. Montgomery, &c. Devon (residue) . Cornwall (residue) . 48-0 48-8 48^8 52^3 52 53 48 48 50 53 53 53 •13 •54 -51 -19 -04 •07 •18 -85 -43 -06 •92 -36 These Tables show that wives and Hrths are fewest in residential and textile manufacturing districts, and are most numerous in colliery districts and places adjacent thereto. Wives are also few in the more northerly residential districts and in various other places, but with accompanying birth rates higher than in the first list. Turning now to Bachelors and Marriage rates, we find in the first place that the large proportion of bachelors amongst soldiers and lunatics tends to belittle the tendency to marry in places where there are camps or asylums. Soldiers being much younger than most lunatics, the ratio of marriages to young bachelors is lowered in military places ; the ratio of bachelors amongst men aged 45-55 is exaggerated where there are asylums. It is possible to form a tolerable estimate of the numbers of lunatics in particular places by assuming the proportion in 1891 of bachelors amongst male inmates of asylums to be equal to the national average proportion in 1901. On calculating thus the ratios in six places are modified as below : — Appendix H. 715 Age 45-55 Bachelors to each 100 Marriages in 1891 * to 100 Men (1891)— Bachelors, &c. Age 20-35— including excluding Difference. including excluding Lunatics. Lunatics. Lunatics. Lunatics. Morecambe 15-8 10-7 5-1 11-2 12-1 •9 Maidstone . 13-1 10-2 2-9 12-8 13-5 •7 Uxbridge . 15-3 9-9 5-4 10-7 11-9 1-2 Malvern 13-6 9-8 3-8 12-0 13-0 1-0 Stafford . . . 12-9 9-8 3-6 10-2 11-0 ■8 Brentwood . 15-1 9-2 5-9 6-4 6-9 •5 * The average of 1890-1892 is taken. It is impossible to make similar estimates as to the military, as the proportion of soldiers aged 20-35 varies considerably. The ratio of marriages in Brentwood is depressed through the presence there of soldiers. In the whole 160 districts 65 showed ratios of bachelors under 9*4 per cent, in 1891 and 43 showed ratios exceeding 11*4 per cent., so that the middle ratios are between 9 • 4 and 11 • 4. The following districts showed fewer than 8 • 4 per cent, of Bachelors, and more than 15 per cent, of Marriages : — Per cent. Per cent. Bachelors. Marriages. Bachelors. Marriages. Luton 6 • 1 17-9 Coventry . 7-7 15-9 Nuneaton 6-2 17 2 Wolverhampton . 7-8 16-0 Dewsbury 6-5 16 5 Nottingham . 7-8 18-7 Bristol 7-0 17 3 Worcester . 7-9 16-7 Yarmouth 7-3 18 3 Haslingden 8-0 15-3 Blackburn 7-4 15 5 Leicester . 8-1 15-9 Norwich . 7-7 15-4 Some other places showed less than 9-4 per cent, of Bachelors, and more than 14 per cent, of Marriages, viz. : — Per cent. Bachelors. Marri 6-5 14- 7-2 14- 7-3 14- 7-3 15- 7-3 14- 7-G 15- 7-7 14- 7-9 14- 8-0 14- 8-2 14- Per cent. Bachelors. Marriages. Birmingham . Ashton-under-Lync Poole . Redruth . Wellingborough Stockport. Bradford . Leeds . Kidderminster Walsall . . Derby . Glossop . Bath . Penzance Hull . Shoffiold Cheltenham Scarborough Potteries . Burnley 8-3 8-4 8-6 8-G 8-8 8-8 8-8 9-0 9-2 9-3 15-0 15-4 17- 14- 16- 16- 17- 15-0 16-1 15-8 716 England's lieccnt Progress. Bury (Lanes.) very nearly approached this last standard with 7 • 9 per cent. Bachelors and 13 '9 per cent, of Marriages. Some of these places, such as Bath, Cheltenham, Eedruth and Stockport, do not appear to have retained all the women whose marriages were celebrated there. None of them had an important mihtary element, nor was the seat of an asylum attracting an vmdue proportion of lunatics, within their bounds. Excluding the districts containing barracks, camps, lunatic asylums, &c., the following districts and residues showed in 1891 more than 12*5 per cent, of bachelors : — Cumberland (residue) Durham (residue) . Montgomery Cockermouth York (residue) . Harrogate Monmouth, &c. (residue) . Salop Pw cent. Bachelors. Marriages. 9 9 9 10' 10 13' 11-0 10-G Per cent. Bachelors. ■ Marriages. Lancashire, &c. (residue) Southend . Reigate . Tilbury IMaidenhcad Denbigh (residue) Carnarvon (residue) 13-0 12-9 12-9 12-S 12-8 12-8 12-7 Many of these places are in Wales or in the north, where we have already noticed a stronger disposition towards bachelorhood than in the south and east. Tilbury evidently attracts wives, and possibly Maidenhead also on a very much smaller scale. On reference to the full Table, it will be seen that there are places such as Todmorden and Glossop which attract many married women, possibly for some purely local reason, thus supplementing theu* apparent " marriage rate " — which in Todmorden is remarkably low. The lowest marriage rates were in 1891 met w^ith at the following places (if we exclude military places and those towns which have been distinguished as seats of lunatic asylums) : — ■ Marriages to 100 Bachelors and Widowers. Percentage of Wives aged under 35 Man'iages to 100 Bachelors and Widowers, Percentage of Wives aged under 35 aged :30-35. Deficiency. aged 20-35. Deficiency. ISSl. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. Whitehaven 11-1 10-8 5-3 5'4 *Carnarvon . 10-5 10-7 10-7 145 Cockermouth 10-8 10 7 5-7 9-8 Isle of Wight 11-0 10-7 •8 14 Falmouth . 9-3 9 8 150 180 *York . . . 10-4 10-6 48 6q Saddleworth 9-4 9 5 21-3 10-1 *Salop . . 9-7 10-6 97 IS' I Todmorden . 7-8 9 2 53-1 46-9 *Sussex . 10-2 10-5 4-7 Barrow . 9-0 9 1 74-7 19-6 Southend 10-3 10-2 24-2 21-9 Tilbury . . 9-9 7-8 65-0 79-2 *Cumberland *Montgomery * Denbigh . 9-8 8-3 8-2 9-8 9-7 9-5 160 171 II-5 18-5 ... 4-1 8-2 *Kent, Surrey 11-3 10-9 10-4 0-8 ♦Durham . 8-5 9-1 83 1 127 * Kural residues. Appendix H. 717 Low as these marriage rates are, it appears that some of the wives must (in several instances) have migrated away, whilst other cases exist where many wives immigrated. The highest marriage rates were shown by the following districts : — Excess or Marriages. Deficiency of Wives. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. Nottingham . 23-4 18-7 8-7 i8-2 Yarmouth 18-1 18-3 2-3 95 Lutou . 23-4 17-9 3-1 55 Bristol 19-5 17-3 10-9 7-8 Nmieaton 19-4 17-2 •3 13-0 Worcester 15-3 16-7 3-2 8-4 Dewshury 17-3 16-5 3-6 90 Sheffield . . 16-9 16-2 2-8 Hull . . Potteries . Wolverhamp- ton . Leicester , Cheltenham Bath . . 17-2 16-5 16-4 17'9 18-1 20-6 16-1 16-1 lG-0 15-9 17-3 17-2 Excess or Deficiency of Wives. 1881. 2-3 2-4 97 6-4 23 5 30-2 1-9 1-4 6 6 9-3 28-6 23- 1 It seems, then, that although several industrial places showed very high marriage rates, the balance of loss of newly married women was not nearly so great in them as in Cheltenham and Bath. Other residential places with somewhat high marriage rates are shown next : — Excess or Excess or Marriages. Deficiency of Wives. Marriages. Deficiency of Wives. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. Scarborough . 16-4 15-0 176 202 Worthing . 13-5 13-5 7-8 8-1 Thanet . . 15-0 14-7 9-5 •7 Westou-super-"! ]\Iare . . / 13-1 13-4 9-9 29 Poole . . . 15-9 14-7 4-4 14-0 Brighton . 16-0 14-6 37 79 Torquay . 14-6 13-3 39 79 Blackpool 14-3 13-8 41 14 Bedford . . 15-6 13-2 76 10 Heme Bay . 15-6 13-8 10 10 The numbers of marriages of women who do not remain as residents are not very high in any of these places except Scarborough. Married Women under 45 to 100 Women 20-45. Births to 10) married Women under 45. Baclielors to 100 Men aged 45-55. ISfarriagcs to 100 Baclielors and Widoweis aged 20-35. Percentage* of Wives aged nnder 35 in' Excess or Deficiency. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. Sheffield . . G9-8 68-0 28-99 25-15 7-9 8-8 16-9 16-2 2-8 Hull . . . G8-5 65-9 27-70 24-95 8-4 8-8 17-2 1 16-1 23 {■9 Leeds . 63-7 61-6 28-83 23-36 7-7 7-9 15-5 14-7 8 6 Leicester . 62-5 60-4 30-64 22-84 7-8 8-1 17-9 15-9 6-4 9-3 Birmingham . 62-6 60-4 30-44 25-42 6-5 7-4 14-6 14-8 3-8 4-8 Nottingham . 58-9 58-6 27-60 22-43 7-3 7-8 23-4 18-7 8-7 182 * These columns represent the apparent loss or gain of wives caused by migrations at date of their respective Census Enumerations aiul r('(|Miie to be considerably leduced. 718 England's Rece7it Progress. Slarried Women under 45 to 100 Women 20-45. Births to 100 married Women under 45. liadielors to 100 Men aged 45-55. Marriages to 100 Bachelors and Widowers aged 20-35. Percentage* of Wives aged under 35 in Excess or Deficiency. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. Liverpool . 60-3 58-2 28-95 26-51 9-9 11-0 13-4 13-5 1-2 3-8 Bristol . . 58-1 57-1 29-80 22-92 6-9 7-0 19-6 17-3 10-9 7-8 Manchester . 59-3 56-8 29-12 24-23 8-0 9-3 14-6 13-5 2-2 1-2 London . 57-0 66-1 28-74 23-60 9-5 9-7 14-0 12-9 3-8 2-7 •fMorecambe . 56-6 55-0 32-87 22-87 14-6 15-8 11-8 11-2 3-2 4-8 Uxbridge . 58-3 60-0 30-56 24-63 18-2 15-3 10-4 10-7 20-3 19-8 Ehvl . . . 46-4 46-5 30-33 24-44 13-9 14-9 10-4 10-5 23-2 21-3 Guildford . . 53-3 53-4 28-49 21-47 14-1 13-9 9-9 9-9 14-8 9-5 Malvern . 42-9 42-7 27-77 21-82 13-5 13-6 11-4 12-0 32 12-8 Watford . 54-6 53-2 30-74 22-86 15-3 13-3 12-3 11-3 15-4 15-2 Leamington . 45-6 67-3 44-7 65-0 28-33 30-35 21-19 23-29 10-8 8-5 10-2 8-6 14-2 12-1 13-9 11-7 14-2 7-0 15-8 Clacton 9-8 Southend . 64-0 61-9 32-55 23-05 12-6 12-9 10-3 10-2 24-2 21-9 Staines 59-7 61-5 30-72 25-51 12-6 8-1 11-4 12-5 24-0 14-9 Cromer 62-8 61-3 30-25 23-71 6-7 8-8 13-4 11-3 4-4 5-1 Poole . . . 69-7 68-7 30-15 23-82 8-2 7-3 15-9 14-7 4-4 14-0 Heme Bay . 58-8 58-3 30-17 21-77 9-4 9-3 15-6 13-8 i-o i-o Bedford . . 52-8 52-4 28-53 20-71 5-9 7-3 15-6 13-2 76 1-0 Blackpool 50-5 48-8 31-88 23-61 8-4 9-0 14-3 13-8 4-1 1-4 Isle of Wight 49-8 48-5 27-65 20-66 9-5 8-8 11-0 10-7 •8 14 Tunbridge 48-9 48-2 29-20 22-04 8-5 8-8 14-4 12-6 5-4 9-8 Eeigate 47-9 48-0 30-58 21-56 10-7 12-9 11-2 11-1 9-3 1-5 Thanet . . 48-5 47-9 28-84 21-44 8-5 9-4 15-0 14-7 9-5 -7 Torquay . 47-9 47-2 28-99 20-04 9-0 9-1 14-6 13-3 39 79 Scarborough . 48-6 46-6 30-84 23-53 10-6 90 16-4 15-0 17-6 202 Weston-super-1 Mare . . j Brighton . 48-1 46-5 30-00 20-53 8-6 9-2 13-1 13-4 9-9 2-9 46-4 46-2 27-86 21-36 8-7 10-5 16-0 14-6 37 79 Worthing 47-4 45-6 28-96 22-42 11-4 10-5 13-5 13-5 7-8 8-1 Hastings . 44-8 45-5 28-13 18-96 9-7 9-2 14-5 13-0 7-9 5-4 Southport 47-3 45-5 31-32 23-02 10-7 11-1 11-2 12-5 10-6 2-7 Bath . . . 44-6 45-1 27-52 21-12 8-0 8-6 20-6 17-2 30-2 23-1 Llandudno . 44-3 44-5 30-16 23-87 10-5 10-7 11-5 11-8 49 1-4 Harrogate 44-3 42-3 28-63 25-63 10-2 13-3 13-5 13-1 11-8 7-0 Bournemouth 41-2 40-9 28-53 17-08 8-5 8-4 14-0 11-2 16-4 29-2 Eastbourne . 42-7 40-7 30-47 21-20 7-8 10-0 12-7 11-9 37-4 15-6 Cheltenham . 41-5 39-6 27-01 21-95 7-1 8-8 18-1 17-3 235 28-6 Cannock . 74-4 73-6 32-74 30-44 9-5 9-4 11-4 12-5 34-1 15-3 Barnsley group 75-4 73-2 32-66 29-66 10-7 11 7 10-2 12-0 33-7 26-7 Nuneaton 70-0 72-8 31-72 28-29 6-0 6-2 19-4 17-2 -3 13-0 Chesterfield^ group . . / 73-3 72-1 33-18 28-20 9-0 10-1 12-6 14-2 29-0 28-2 Glamorgan^ group . . j 70-4 69-1 31-43 28-42 10-7 12-0 12-7 12-0 1-6 8-0 Ashby-de-la-l Zouch . ./ Durham group 70-1 68-1 32-14 30-02 9-6 10-1 12-8 14-4 3-3 4-2 70-4 67-8 32-02 28-80 9-9 10-5 13-8 13-1 6-2 8-2 Wrexham . 67-9 67-1 31-44 29-76 8-9 10-1 11-4 12-2 5-4 2-8 Wigan group . 67-0 65-1 34-81 29-36 9-8 11-5 11-8 12-2 11-4 13-1 * These cohimns represent the apparent loss or gain of wives caused by migrations at date of their respective Census Enumerations and require to be considerably reduced. + The seven places influenced by county lunatic asylums are placed first : the proportion of bachelors is high in them. AppendixZ.H . 719 Married Women under 45 to 100 Women 20-45. 1891. 1901. Births to 100 married Women under 45. 1881. 1901. Bachelors to 100 Men aged 45-55. 1881. I 1891. Marriages to 100 Bachelors and Widowers aged 20-35. 1881. 1891. Percentage* of Wives aged under 35 in Excess or Deficiency. 1881. 1891. fPreston Macclesfield Wharfedale Burnley . Oldham . Leek ... Dewsbury Ashton-under-l Lyne . . i' Haslingdeu . Blackburn Bolton Kidderminster Rochdale . Stockport. Bradford ■ . Todmorden . Bury . Halifax . Saddleworth . Keighley . Glossop . Huddersfield . J Stafford . . Burton-on-\ Trent . . f Tilbury . . Swindon . Rotherham . Middlesbro' . Kettering . Barrow Potteries . Wellingboro' . Walsall . . Doncaster Grimsby . Wolverhamp- i ton . . . / Cockermouth Millom Crewe . Whitehaven . Southampton. Rugby. Redruth Luton . Helston Penzance Falmouth 54-8 52-6 53-1 63-7 63-1 60-2 61-2 59-7 58-8 59-5 60-1 56-9 56-5 57-0 57-3 5G-8 57-5 56-9 56-1 56-0 55-8 55-7 55-9 69-4 79-5 : 77-8 77-0 73-9 70-1 72-6 70-0 G8-9 69-6 68-2 G8-6 G8-9 G6-5 G6-4 64-1 65-0 61-5 ' 58-7 55-9 54-G 53-4 52-7 49-6 53-1 50-9 51-1 61-2 60-3 59-1 59-1 58-2 57-2 671 57-0 56-3 56-2 55-3 55-3 54-8 54-6 .'54 -2 54-1 54-0 53-5 53-3 54-7 68-0 77-1 77-0 75-0 70-2 68-6 68-5 68-4 67-4 66-8 66.1 65-9 65-9 64-0 63-9 62-5 62 61 59 56 54 53-8 53-1 49-9 32-18 28-67 28-69 30-88 27-24 82-13 27-22 28-85 28-04 30-33 30-47 29-95 24-80 27-77 26-82 24-71 28-02 26-98 27-80 26-06 27-62 27-20 30-70 33-24 32-92 32-05 32-10 32-03 32-10 31-49 32-55 29-97 32-98 30-40 29-64 33-22 34-75 34-78 30-21 33-88 27-68 30-26 29-55 31-29 31-90 32-58 27- 86 25-16 20-87 20-73 26-06 20-90 28-92 28-26 23-50 27-15 28-27 23-77 28-85 27-94 24-07 29-42 27-00 26-69 25-80 29-22 24-05 23-65 22-97 23-52 23-26 22-80 22-19 10-0 11-8 11-4 20 -79 20 •24 28 -18 20 -32 21 -44 19 -29 21 01 23 83 21 35 18 59 21 25 18 73 18 18 19 03 18 18 19 94 20 23 18 87 19 82 24 76 24- 54 7-3 13-6 9-1 5 6 4 6 5 6 7 8-7 9-5 7-7 7-2 12-5 15-7 8-6 12-7 11-3 11-0 10-2 7-2 8-0 7-4 8-7 8-0 7-6 11-3 10-2 8-4 7-9 12-9 9-4 12-8 6-7 9-0 11-7 9-4 9-4 9-2 7-3 8-2 10-8 9-3 7-8 13-7 12-5 8-6 12 17-3 17-1 11-0 17-0 14-2 12-4 17-3 17-5 16-1 17-3 14-8 16-4 14-0 18-6 15-0 7-8 14-6 15-0 9-4 15-1 10-4 13-8 11-3 10-2 9-9 9-8 12-7 12-0 13-1 9-0 16-5 14-8 13-9 12-2 11-0 14-7 14-8 10-7 15-8 13-4 13-0 16-5 14-1 15-3 15-5 13-1 14-6 13-1 15-0 14-2 9 13 13 9' 13 15 12 -2 -9 •4 -5 -5 -4 •1 10-2 11-7 7 11 13 11 12 9 16 14-8 14-7 13-0 13-7 16-4 16-0 10-8 10-7 10-3 11-5 12-5 13-3 11-1 10-8 14-7 13-9 11-1 11-9 18-4 15-0 23-4 17-9 13-0 13-1 1 13-0 14-1 9-3 9-8 "5 20-0 12-9 10-6 20-2 14-0 3-6 1-4 3-0 5-0 •4 1-2 2-1 13-4 2-3 53-1 2-3 14-2 21-3 74 48-1 32 23-5 31-5 65-0 3S-5 24 25 19 74 2 21-2 18-5 12-7 16-2 97 5-7 22-4 10-5 "•5 iS-2 11-9 11-9 8-5 16-2 9-0 4-6 73 -4 6-0 10- 1 34 51 •3 46-9 7-6 9-8 10-1 s 27-5 6-0 161 14-0 79-2 35-0 24-5 13-8 5 6 4 6-6 9-8 7-7 6-1 54 14 10-3 14-0 155 13 5 18-0 * These cohirans represent the apparent loss or gain of wives caused by migrations at date of their respective Census Einmierations and rei|uire to be considerably reduced. f Three places influenced by lunatic asylums are placed first. X Two places inlluenced liy lunatic asylums are placed first. 7-20 EnghDicVs Recent Progress. Married Women under 45 to aoo Women 20-45. Births to 100 married Women under 45. Bachelors to 100 Men aged 45-55. Marriages to 100 Bachelors and Widowers aged 20-35. Percentage* of Wives aged imder 35 in Excess or Deficiency. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1901. 1S81. 1891. 1881. 1S91. 1881. 1891. fMaidstone 58-2 57-7 29-95 22-25 12-1 13-1 13-8 12-8 2-5 12-0 Carlisle . . 52-7 50-2 81-68 26-29 14-5 12-6 13-1 11-9 12-5 173 York . . . 57-4 57-9 29-38 24-76 12-2 12-2 11-4 11-4 6-5 II-O Chester . 55-6 54-1 31-12 25-70 11-6 12-2 12-4 12-1 21-4 19-0 Oxford . . 51-2 48-7 31-16 23-02 10-8 11-0 11-4 12-2 2-9 74 Exeter 50-3 50-9 29-87 20-77 9-7 10-7 15-7 14-7 21-8 204 Wakefield . G9-4 67-3 30-97 26-38 9-5 10-2 12-6 13-1 17-5 8-9 Northampton G6-1 62-5 30-42 21-51 10-9 10-1 17-0 14-6 5-2 9-9 Lincoln . 61-9 61-0 29-27 21-49 11-4 9-9 12-5 13-3 1-6 10-4 Gloucester 59-8 69-0 29-09 23-83 15-7 9-5 15-6 14-7 17- 1 160 Ipswich . 57-6 57-1 29-53 24-11 8-1 8-3 16-8 13-3 6-1 6-2 Norwich . 59-9 64-4 58-5 64-6 30-06 28-53 24-19 23-01 7-7 6-7 7-7 7-7 18-6 18-4 15-4 15-9 53 16-1 1-9 Coventry . 1-7 Derby . 66-7 62-5 28-56 21-91 7-7 8-3 16-2 15-0 10- 1 95 King's Lynn . 61-5 60-3 28-97 23-77 9-2 9-4 15-4 14-1 3"3 151 Reading . 62-0 59-7 30-16 22-53 8-1 8-9 14-7 13-5 75 15 Yarmouth 62-2 59-1 30-07 25-64 8-9 7-3 18-1 18-3 2-3 95 Worcester 57-1 55-6 28-70 23-04 10-3 7-9 15-3 16-7 32 84 Cambridge 51-4 49-8 28-62 21-14 10-5 9-8 9-1 12-4 7-8 74 §Godstone . 48-0 48-0 28.21 23-13 32-1 20-6 4-7 6-5 52-4 19-7 Salisburj' . 53-7 52-5 29-55 23-04 11-1 10-8 13-6 11-8 7"3 165 Portsmouth . 62-2 71-1 61-6 70-8 27-93 28-67 21-66 21-80 10-6 10-0 10-4 10-4 12-5 6-3 11-0 5-7 6-4 27-0 35 Sheerness 17-7 Chatham . 71-0 70-2 29-92 23-33 9-9 10-6 10-0 9-2 -6 11-0 Farnham . 65-8 66-2 32-04 20-73 11-7 11-8 $4-7 +4-6 2-3 6-4 Plymouth 60-3 62-5 27-79 21-73 7-9 7-8 16-7 13-0 23-7 i8-3 St. German's. 69-2 59-6 29-32 23-04 8-0 11-7 7-8 5-2 61-5 64-9 Aldershot,\ North . ./ Deal . . . 59-5 58-1 28-43 22-98 10-6 10-0 3-9 5-2 16-2 15-4 57-8 57-3 29-13 22-86 12-2 11-9 11-7 11-2 3-9 52 Colchester 59-0 57-0 30-41 23-18 9-3 8.3 10-8 7-9 14-0 17 Dover . 57-1 56-5 29-97 24-89 9-6 10-3 12-6 9-4 i6-i 18-9 Canterbury . 55-7 56-0 28-81 22-38 11-1 11-9 11-7 9-8 274 26-3 WejTnouth 53-3 52-3 29-14 24-19 11-9 9-6 7-4 8-9 ii-o 145 Windsor . 50-8 48-8 27-84 22-54 8-6 10-4 7-0 7-8 16-2 3-y Folkestone . 49-4 48-8 29-83 22-51 11-0 12-8 11-9 8-9 2-3 1-9 IjBrentwood 54-7 52-8 28-88 20-95 18-0 15-1 ^7-2 16-4 21-0 26-6 Easthamp-i stead . . J 55-0 55-4 53-0 53-4 28-10 29-33 21-81 23-07 17-3 9-0 15-0 12-8 7-4 12-2 6-8 11-6 39-0 11-7 34-0 Maidenhead . 10-6 * These columns represent the apparent loss or gain of wives caused bv migrations at date of their respective Census Enumerations and require to be considerablj- reduced. t Twelve places influenced by lunatic asylums are placed first. t Farnham : 10,039 soldiers were returned in 1881 and 11,476 in 1891. The bachelors and widowers were 5,971 in 1881 and 7,893 in 1891. Three places influenced by lunatic asylums are placed first. II Two places influenced by lunatic asylums are placed first. ^ Brentwood : 428 soldiers were returned in 1S81 and 987 in 1S91, excluding whom the proportions of marriages would be laised. Appendijc H. 721 Kuial Residues of Counties. Married Women under 45 to 100 Women 20-45. Births to 100 married Women under 45. Bachelors to 100 Men aged 45-55. Marriages to 100 Bachelors and AVidowers aged 20-35. Percentage ol Wives aged under 35 in Excess OP Deficiency. 1891. 1901. 1881. 1901. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. 1881. 1891. Norfolk. 63-0 61-3 31-17 24-87 8-1 8-5 14-2 12-7 57 6-3 Northampton 62 6 61-2 29-96 24-20 8 9 9-4 13-6 13-2 6-9 8-8 Lancashire and Cheshire 62 8 61-1 32-69 24-65 11 9 13-0 11-4 11-2 5-3 5-7 Kent and Surrey . 61 1 60-8 30-99 22-59 12 7 11-7 11-3 10-9 10-4 -8 Lincoln 61 60-2 30-53 24-78 9 7 10-1 12-3 12-9 8-3 12-4 Stafford, Warwick and\ Worcester . . . ( 60 60-0 30-97 26-06 10 6 10-2 11-6 12-3 2-7 39 Bucks and Oxford . 60 5 58-5 31-03 24-24 9 1 10-4 13-4 12-1 4-0 3-8 Leicester, Notts and i Derby . . .1 Essex and Herts . 60 1 58-1 30-99 25-48 10 1 10-7 12-9 12-8 i-o •5 59 1 57-8 30-96 23-33 10 10-5 12-6 11-6 •2 2-0 Hants and Berks . 58 4 56-8 31-00 23-31 10 8 11-0 11-4 11-3 43 6-1 Denbigh and Flint 57 6 56-8 30-03 27-13 12 2 12-8 8-2 9-5 4-1 8-2 Wilts and Dorset . 58 4 56-7 30-53 23-59 8 9 9-7 13-3 12-0 II-2 135 Gloucester and Somerset 58 3 56-2 31-06 23-99 9 4 9-2 12-8 12-9 6-1 77 Monmouth and Brecon . 56 9 55-7 31-07 27-89 12 5 13-1 9-3 11-0 8-0 11-4 Sussex .... 57 7 55-5 30-84 22-39 14 11-9 10-2 10-5 4-7 •9 York .... 57 5 55-4 31-98 25-78 13 7 13-4 10-4 10-6 4-8 6-9 Salop and Hereford 55 4 54-5 30-89 26-67 12 9 13-0 9-7 10-6 97 151 Carnarvon and Anglesey 54 1 54-4 28-86 24-27 12 2 12-7 10-5 10-7 10-7 i4'5 Cornwall 53 5 53-9 31-18 23-36 8 4 9-3 12-1 12-1 11-9 14-0 Devon .... 54 2 53-3 31-87 22-92 9 5 9-9 12-7 12-4 I2-I "■5 Montgomery, &c. . 53 9 53-2 31-85 27-06 14 3 15-5 8-3 9-7 "•5 18-5 Carmarthen, &c. . 50 1 50-3 33-58 27-43 11 6 11-6 12-4 12-4 I9-I 182 Cumberland . 50 9 48-4 33-08 24-85 17 4 19-4 9-8 9-8 16-0 17-1 Durham and North- 1 umberland . . . J , 50 4 48-1 32-03 28-18 15 3 16-4 8-5 9-1 8-3 127 3 A APPENDIX K. SOME DATA AS TO OCCUPATIONS IN 1901. 3 A 2 APPENDIX K. SOME DATA AS TO OCCUPATIONS IN 1901. The Tables on the following pages show the proportions of males returned as workers who were in 1901 engaged in primary industries such as agriculture, fishing, mining, commerce, wholesale manufactures and defence, with an additional column for those "indefinitely" returned as engine-drivers, stokers and firemen, factory labourers, contractors, &c., without any indication of the particular industry with which they are associated. The rest of the workers were returned as engaged in subsidiary occupations (providing articles of common necessity such as food, dress, houses, or other matters by retail, or rendering professional services), with the exception of a consideral)le number figuring as general labourer, general shopkeeper, costermonger, artizan, &c. It will be observed that the lowest proportions of primary workers are met with in large towns and towns in the residential counties, and the highest in rural districts where mining, quarrying, and sometimes metallic industries occupy many men. Although Denbigh is a mining county, there are not very many miners in Wrexham. The commercial class is made to include shipbuilders (very numerous in Durham and Northumberland), and the excess over ordinary numl^ers of railway servants and coalheavers in places such as Eugby, Crewe and Southampton, where the coaling of large steamships requires special service. If we divide the largest towns from the other urban districts, taking London to include, besides the county, Hornsey, Tottenham, Willesden, Croydon, East and West Ham, Leyton and Waltliamstow, for which places details as to occupations are furnished, Liverpool to include Bootle, Birkenhead and Wallasey, Manchester to include Salford and Birmingham to include Aston Manor, Handsworth, Smethwick and King's Norton, we arrive at the figures shown on page 727. Some of the rural districts included in tlie Tal)le sliown on page 728 fall within the limits assigned to towns, industrial places, &.c., elsewhere in this book. They are arranged in the order of the total ratios of working men engaged in the more primitive industries, as the urban districts wore arranged in that of those engaged in commerce and special industries. 72t) England's Recent Progress. £ >> _o £ 1 s (C 1 s t e 2 P4 •5 c c o 3 _£ A4 o rH >0 in I-H 00 CO C5 (N GO Cl »0 ■>* O C3 1-^ t- O CO t~ O t- L- cc CD CO (N O OS t- T»( eO iH O 05 00 to »o >o -^-^--ilCOCO CO CO CO CO (N CM (M O t-C>t~iH>ncC-* tM CCCMrHlOrH-^C3t~ 00 CM i-Hininmo ■* THi-HootD-*'-! o I-H r-i rH i-H i-H i-l rH CiinCO- > S £ "a t- oomot-in a a (M ^int--*(M o -*oc50CiO'* -* ooinooooorHco m > 5| ;£ a -91 d ?? a e3 >j (D ■*= in O O Vi O M2 rland by . and"! rcland andi Lancashire and Cheshire York . Northampton group Durham and Northumbc Leicester, Notts and Der Carmarthen, Pembroke Cardigan . Lincoln Cumberland and Westmo Gloucester and Somerset Metropolitan Counties Norfolk and Suffolk Bucks and Oxford . Wilts and Dorset . Glamorgan, Monmouth Brecon Salop and Hereford Hants and Berks . Carnarvon and Anglesey Denbigh and Flint Devon . Cornwall Sussex . Montgomery, Merioneth Appendix K. 727 "^ CO C5 cot- CM tDT-lO<>I(MC0-^ CO (MO) CI o t^ 00 Ol iM lO i) 7^ CO O CO Tt( CO lO iH O '-I H CO n) CO ^ ^; CO CO COrH t- lOOCOOOCOt-(M o cot- o a a ^ ^ AitH iH iHOqiHTHiHiHrH iH ih' iH 13 illli CM t- CMOS t- C0OOrHi-(»00 t- tH -^ O CO t- •* t- (M --I CD !£) ■* lO '"^ M s _o , O _ to S' 1 C >- C3 S r° CO CO O (M CO -^ rH O ■* CO ID CO O 00 O O ? aiil CD lO ^t- tH t->-IO0iHt-(MtD O CJlft T-\ a o O r-l tHi-ItHtHCOOI i-f P. i si s •" (S O CO COO ■* t-rHCOtN-^C-lO 00 -^ t-~ C5 5 ^"5 o «j (jq ' t-' oo''co*(Mioiot-coo 2 (N i-l >-* iH CO JA 3 a>J3 C IC CO C5 O T-l (M C3 CO t- rH 05 t- CO tH C5 CO s^is CO i-l OOt- t- CD-*t-CDt-lO(M t- CQiO CO r-l i-H CM CM 1-1 **-( 63^ o to "is O CO t- CD CD O CD C» (M ■* O 05 C» rH CO tJ* o CM CO rHi-H CM xH-*(Mt-i-ICOCO O C5i-I ;5J 1 rH tH rH r^ (M 'o oj ^ s 0 CO CM CM CM a tH t- tH S &ii _o to B rH rH CO r-l CO COO OrHCOO CO rj< tH ■* <5 § CJIMCM'CO OCMCMt- O T-l rH . M u **>-<* o 2 g< o (n t^ ■- -t3 -t; .^...«....ii.U)0...o. ■2 ^^ iS s§ ^ I a. 2 g ^ oJ .3 "^ ■*^ -,. ^ -u C3 ' fl £ 2 !=i ^ .-2 . ^*— 'Q >a) >c8r f" a a te I 1 h-io ;?ih-io h-!c2Womomo :^i-io •i28 E)ujJiuhVs llcccnt Pror/n'ss, i.'2O>-li0G^(Mt~L--C10:iOC0inOCCC3CN00 O OCOiCrJl O"*^.^ t) «i 3 5 "3 a) c o •.. "a o « t: s (U 5 X a « q 1^ o '^ 1=1 ^ u^ ^ •^ a; "C M -ft UO r-1 '^l CM lO O 00 O L~ ' CM r^ i-l r-l T-l ^ ■^lOlO-tllOC! •<*( >C0 00 O -* HCO(M ■'JfOi-ICM-* (M t- Ttl •<* 1-1 I-l COCOTHrtr-HOO?C~'M •COOSMOlOX'MO C5 O -* ^ CM rH CO tH O Cq t- C0OOOQ0t~^G0'*CMrH'*t-01OrHC0a5 CM COt-COCO C» iHC^- t- a> 00 oo-^t- s o i-li-ICMiHlOC0^i-lrHC0Q0t0i-liOiO^t~'<*( o O lO d CM p lO i-H i-H rH ■^ rH 00 Ol O 00 t- -^ OCMt-COTjfxOrHOCOCMOO O COCO --I CO OO 00 i-l CO lO CO CM ^ T-1 rM • CO 00 ■<*( CM "* C5 rH iH •* 00 tH CM 1-1 O; CM CO CD <'s . CM CO CO -* C) CM r-ICOCOCOCMt--*i-lTHClCriOq-*C5CMC50iH O 1-IOCMt- e3 to q ^ y ' -S a :^ J 'c! 1« 53 fl i SJ '^ o.fl S . 2 fl C ■£ M S-l fe 2 ,-1 '^ f=^ fl o o 3 &rrt ~ Q^^ 66 fl o > _ o !2; a fi «} P >H O ;z; ^ h::] :^ "1^ M c/3 O O . o^ mm ■ a ^ © u ^ 2 O o o^ ^ '^ -*^ Ca2 'go lo O tsfq fl tc c3 t» o o d f3 -la 3 S c3 ® Appendix K. 729 1 >i _o p. ! 1 ■s s ■3 a 3 a >> 3 s Total. L'~C0CD(MCDCH T-l rH M r-< rH i-l Other Manu- factures and Industries. COL— C^a0THt~C0C0lO'**00HDO3lCrHt0O>OaitHC0(MC0C0O»O-^t--^ iH-^01ClClTHrHCOtMCMOt-«0 Manu- facture of Metals, Engines and Tools. T^r^ooa3'HlO■*all^(^^•r^OT-^QO»OlOlOO■^cDQOO■^x>05•-Hi-li-lr-( tH-* Manu- facture of Te-Ytile Fabrics and Dress. iHO-*C0OtHt-OiH t ..^ . . ,-1 00 10 C3 a> CO 00 t~ CO 10 CO rH 10 tH ■*COt-CO-*COOC:>-»*t- C-CT)lOCOCOCOOiHO-^CMCOO-*0:M01(N'*»OrH-*CDOCOlMt-lCrHQOnQO»OCO»OCMiHCDC5 IC iH i-lT-ltHrHrHrHrHOIi-H iHi-li-((MCMOtir-t County Borough. Rhondda Merthyr Wigan Canterbury .... Portsmouth .... Plymouth and Devonport South Shields . . . West Hartlepool Tynemouth .... Sunderland .... Cardiff Southampton Grimsby Newport (Mon.) . Burnley Blackburn .... Eochdale Stockport Huddersfield .... Bradford Oldham Bury (Lane). Bolton Preston Halifax Northampton Norwich Coventry West Bromwich . 730 EnglaiuVs Recent Progress. 1 .s S 4) tN S> .a! o s o 1 s o S coocOTHO^o-*o-*'0 CO O O Ol a:? (M T-H t^ lO t^ -:(< CO CO O CO O t— C5 oi oi -*00-*'^'0-^CO'*'*lO-*-#':J<-<*o»ocOiHQOi-H-l t- t- tH >-1 O O CO O ■* 1-H t- -^ CO 111 ■^lO10C0C0iH»OOOC0O>OC000-*t-t0t~lOO00)>0«5CT>iOC0Q0(MO^i0-^C0THOC0i0OC0(Mi-I^O»0OOt- i-ICM T-( 1-HrH i-HrH rH iHt-It-I iHt-It-H > s 1 o C >i 2 S i-lri(MCOTHr-ICOi-l-*iHOa01M'*COCO»nt-COtO-^OOiO-^CO-<*lt-iO i-( . 484 Tanfield . . 321 Stockbridge (Hants) 487 Tredegar . 324 Stortford, Bishop . 490 Tyldesley . 327 Saffron Walden 490 Thornton . 432 Slough ..... 492 Twerton . . 436 Sevenoaks .... 494 Thanet . . 438 Sittingbourne 494 Torquay . . 452 Swindon (registration district) . 499 Teignmouth . . 452 Shaftesbury .... 499 Totnes . . 452 Sturminster .... 499 Tunbridge Wells 454, 496 Sherborne .... 499 Tonbridge . 454 South Molton .... 5C2 Tendring . 402 Stratton .... 504 Taunton . . 484 St. Columb .... 504 Thornbury . 484 St. Austell .... 504 Tetbury . . 484 Scilly Isles 504 Tewkesbury . 484 Sudbury. .... 506 Thame . . 492 Stowmarket .... 506 Tenterden . 494 Samford .... ■ 506 Ticehurst . 496 SmaUburgh .... 506 Thakeham . 496 Swaffham .... 506 Tisbury . . 499 Stamford .... 509 Trowbridge . 500 Spalding .... 509 Tavistock . 502 Sleaford .... 509 Tiverton . . 502 Spilsby ..... 509 Torrington . 502 Scunthorpe .... 509 Truro . 504 St. Ives (Hunts) 511 Thingoe . . 506 St. Neots .... 511 Thetford. . 506 Stretton, Church 514 Towcester . 511 Shifnal ..... 514 Thrapstone . 511 Shrewsbury .... 515 Tregaron . 517 Sedbergh .... 528 Tenby . . 517 Settle 528 Thorne (Yorks) . 528 Skipton ..... 528 Tadcaster . 528 Selby 528 Thirsk . . 528 Skirlaugh .... 528 Tamworth . 534 Stokesley .... 528 Tenbury . . 634 Southwell .... 531 Teesdale . . 539 Shepshed .... 532 Stone ..... Stratford-on-Avon . . 534 584 Urmston 207 Sbipston-on-Stour . Southam .... »84 ♦84 Upholland Uxbridge 327 422 Sandbach .... Salop ..... Somerset .... 037 . 515 . 484 Upton-on-Severn Uckfield . Uppingham 426 496 509 Stafford (County) . Suffolk . 534 . 506 Uttoxotor Ulverston 534 537 Surrey ..... . 494 Sussex ..... . 496 Vontnor . 440 74'2 Index of Places. I'AGE PAGE West Ham .... 188, 189 Walmer 404 Westminster . . 189 Warlingham . . 408 W^oolwich 190 Watford . . 414 Wood Green . 189 Woking . . 418 Waltham Abbey 189 Warwick . 420 Waustead 189 Westgate-ou-Sea . 438 Woodford 189 Winton . . 448 Walthamstow . 189 Worthing . 450 Wandsworth . 189 Walton- on-the-Naze . 462 Wimbledon 189 Weston-super-^Mare . 466 Willesden 190 Whitstable . 474 Wealdstone 190 Williton . . 484 Wembley 190 Wellington (Somers et) . 484 Walton-on-Thames 190 Wincanton . 484 Weybridge 190 Wells (Som.) . . 484 Withington . 207 Westbury-on-Severp . 484 Worsley . 207 Wheatenhurst . 484 Wilmslow 207 Winchcomb . 484 West Derby . 210 Winchester . 487 Wirral . 210 Whitchurch (Hants . 487 Waterloo 210 W^antage . 487 Wallasey 210 Wallingford . . 487 West Bromwich 212 Wokingham . . 487 Wednesbury . 212 Ware . 490 Wigston Magna 220 Wycombe . 492 West Bridgford 2S 4,330 W^inslow . . 492 W'esthoughton 228 Woodstock . 492 Walton-le-Dale 246 Whitney . . 492 Whitefield 248 W'est Ashford . . 494 Wardle . 250 Westhampnett . 496 Whitworth 250 W^estbourne . . 496 Wharfedale 258 Westbury . 499 Wath-upon-Dearne 272 Warminster . . 499 W^alsall . 274 Wilton . . 499 Wheatley 276 W^imborne . 499 W^olverhampton 284 Wareham . 499 Willenhall . 284 Wangford . 506 Wolstanton 286 Way land . 506 Workington . 288 Walsingham . . 506 Whitehaven . 292 Woburn . . 511 Wellingborough 302 Whittlesey . 511 W^alker . 320 Wisbech . . 511 Willington Quay 321 Wem . . 514 West Hartlepool 321 Whitchurch (Salop) . 514 Weetslade 321 Wellington (Salop) . 514 Whitley and Monkse saton 321 Weobley . . 514 Wallsend 321 Welshpool . 520 Whickham 321 Wetherby . 528 Willington 322 Whitby . . 528 Wigan . 327 Winsford . 537 Warrington 327 Weardale . 539 Widnes . 327 Wigton . . 541 Worksop 330 West Ward . 541 Whittington 330 Warwick (County) . 534 Wortley . 333 Westmoreland . 541 Worsborough 333 Wilts . . 499 Wombwell 333 Worcester (County) . 534 W^hitwood 333 Wrexham 336 Wakefield 346 Yardley 212 Woodbridge 354 Yeadon . . 258 Worcester 376 York . 350 Warblington 382 Yarmouth 852, 507 Weymouth 396 Yeovil . . 484 Windsor . 398 York (County) . 528 LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, DCKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET, W. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This boQk is DUE on the last date stamped below. m FEB FEB 2 1977 21977 1 W"* ^"1586 NOV 2 c 1935 i Form L9-Series 4939 3 1158 01062 0127 mmr AA 001171308 8 HB 3583 W^68e