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 3
 
 EARLY AMERICAN PORTRAIT 
 PAINTERS IN MINIATURE 
 
 BY 
 
 THEODORE BOLTON 
 
 4 . 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 ,- '.'• 
 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 FREDERIC FAIRCHILD SHERMAN 
 
 MCMXXI
 
 • 
 
 Copyright 1921, by 
 Frederic Fairchild Sherman 
 
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 \o 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 Malbone, Edward 
 
 Charles Harris \ v ' ' 
 
 Nicholas Bowman f 
 
 FACING PAGE 
 
 Copley, John Singleton 
 
 Self Portrait 7 
 
 Van Dyck, James 
 
 James Lyon 7 
 
 Brown, J. Henry 
 
 President Buchanan 10 
 
 Dunlap, William 
 
 President Tyler 10 
 
 Fulton, Robert 
 
 Samuel Beach 26 
 
 ^ Duval, Ambrose 
 
 Gov. Wm. C. C. Claiborne 26 
 
 BOUNETHEAU, HENRY B. 
 
 Henry M. Manigault 42 
 
 Baker, George A., Jr. 
 
 Andrew Jackson 42 
 
 Birch, William 
 vJ George Washington 58 
 
 Petticolas, E. A. 
 
 George Washington 58 
 
 Thornton, Dr. W 7 illiam 
 
 George Washington 62 
 
 Ramage, John 
 
 George Washington 62 
 
 Clark, Alvan 
 
 Barnabas Clark 70 
 
 in 

 
 FACING PAGE 
 
 Gimbrede, Thomas 
 
 Mr. Schley 70 
 
 Bridport, H. 
 
 Caroline Dugan 74 
 
 Inman, Henry 
 
 Portrait of a Lady 74 
 
 Jarvis, John Wesley 
 
 Miss Jarvis 90 
 
 Allston, Washington 
 
 Captain A. H. Pray 90 
 
 Trott, Benjamin 
 
 Lewis Adams 106 
 
 Peale, James 
 
 Mrs. John P. Van Ness . . . 106 
 
 Andre, Major John 
 
 Margaret Shippen 122 
 
 Staigg, Richard M. 
 
 John Lothrop Motley 122 
 
 Pelham, Henry 
 
 Jonathan Clark 138 
 
 Savage, Edward 
 
 Self Portrait 138 
 
 Field, Robert 
 
 George Washington 154 
 
 James Sargent Ewing, M.D 154 
 
 Wood, Joseph 
 
 Portrait of a Man 158 
 
 Munger, George 
 
 Self Portrait 158 
 
 Hill, Pamela 
 
 Rebecca Dean Salisbury 166 
 
 W 7 illiams, Henry 
 
 Samuel Larkin 166 
 
 iv
 
 To 
 
 Ruel Pardee Tolma 
 
 N
 
 7 HE present volume lists as many of the portrait 
 painters in miniature, both native Americans 
 and foreign painters working in America, from the 
 earliest times until J850, as it has been possible to 
 enumerate. It includes not only ivory miniatures 
 but small portraits in oil and water color as well.
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 i 
 
 The word "miniature" comes from "minium" meaning 
 "vermilion," the color used by the illuminators of manu- 
 scripts as a border to their decorations. At what time a like- 
 ness with a vermilion border about it was detached from the 
 page of vellum and used as a portable portrait is both difficult 
 and useless to determine. Suffice it to say that the dozen 
 undoubted miniatures by the first great miniature painter, 
 Hans Holbein, were all painted on vellum, or the backs of 
 playing cards, and that was the material generally used in the 
 sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England by such men 
 as Nicholas Hillyarde, Isaac and Peter Olliver, John Hoskins, 
 Samuel Cooper, Thomas Flatman and Lawrence Crosse. 
 
 It was not until the beginning of the eighteenth century 
 that ivory was used as a painting surface, but upon its adop- 
 tion it was used almost exclusively. Samuel Shelly, John 
 Smart, Andrew Robertson and Richard Cosway, to mention 
 a few of the finest English miniature painters of the period, 
 painted almost entirely on ivory. The change was not partic- 
 ularly for the better. Painting in water color on thin sheets of 
 ivory gummed at the corners to a piece of card is a most pre- 
 carious method. The color may be ruined or entirely removed 
 by the touch of a moistened finger and the ivory, too, is most 
 sensitive to changes of temperature. Hung near a fireplace 
 the ivory is apt to buckle or split. As in the case of other 
 painting, direct sunlight is certain to affect the colors. Per- 
 haps the best way of keeping the small portraits is in a cab- 
 inet that can be covered when they are not being enjoyed. 
 
 vii
 
 Glass at the back as well as the face is an excellent manner of 
 framing ivory miniatures. 
 
 In more recent times the derivation of the word "mini- 
 ature" has been lost or confused with the word "minute," 
 and the word in its modern sense means simply a small 
 portrait. 
 
 ii 
 
 Miniature painting in America started with no more than 
 an ornamental purpose for bracelets, snuff box tops, and 
 watch lids. Even Charles Willson Peale painted miniatures 
 to serve this end. Finally it developed into small portraiture 
 worthy of a special frame. The leisure of the people of the 
 new republic was generously expended upon portraits. 'The 
 country was at this time, mad on the subject generally," 
 writes Mr. John Hill Morgan in his excellent article on 
 Saint-Memin, and portraiture in oils, miniature and engrav- 
 ing flourished in a manner it has never since attained. 
 Stuart, Sully, Trumbull, Trott, Malbone, Fraser, the Peale 
 family — these and many lesser men could not supply the 
 demand. Englishmen like Miles, Birch, Sharpless and Field 
 came to the country and painted with success, and countless 
 Frenchmen varying from the excellence of Saint-Memin to 
 mediocrity found full employment. 
 
 The movement was a perfectly natural, spontaneous 
 growth. In many cases the craftsmanship is impeccable and 
 would cause astonishment to any one not familiar with the 
 period. For the artists were trained — a number had the 
 advantage of European training but for the most part they 
 trained themselves. 
 
 The later miniatures were painted on larger surfaces. 
 Some were rectangular in shape, often they were painted on 
 paper and on cabinet size Wood panels. 
 
 viii
 
 Of all the rich variety of portraits produced by the early 
 American miniature painters many compare with the work 
 of European masters in the art. Four names stand out above 
 the rest — Malbone, Fraser, Trott and Field. Miniatures by 
 the eminently artistic Edward Malbone have long been 
 eagerly sought after. Less known but of high worth is the 
 serious art of Charles Fraser. The brilliant Benjamin Trott 
 ranks with Edward Malbone and Charles Fraser. These 
 three artists were native Americans. The fourth was an 
 Englishman who spent almost his entire artistic career in 
 this country and Nova Scotia. His name was Robert Field. 
 His miniatures are superb. 
 
 Each of these artists in his different way raised the smaller 
 portraiture to the dignity of the larger. 
 
 Portrait painters in oil also otten painted miniatures that 
 compare with those of the artists who were exclusively minia- 
 ture painters. Among these were Henry Inman, John 
 Wesley Jarvis, Matthew Harris Jouett and Thomas Sully. 
 
 John Trumbull's miniatures are painted in oils as are a 
 number by Copley. 
 
 At last a decline set in but it was not because the impulse 
 had spent its force. The doom of the miniature came with 
 the advent of the daguerreotype and Henry Shumway finally 
 reduced to tinting photographs is symbolical of the change. 
 The present book includes only those artists working before 
 1850 when the photograph had already numbered the days 
 of the small portrait. 
 
 in 
 
 My indebtedness is great. Without the aid I have received 
 this undertaking would have been practically impossible. 
 At the outset I wish to thank Mr. Ruel P. Tolman and 
 
 IX
 
 Mr. F. Fairchild Sherman. To Mr. Tolman is due the sug- 
 gestion of the book- — to Mr. Sherman its publication. 
 
 In the way of assistance I must speak first of Miss Alice 
 R. H. Smith, Mr. Harry Piers and Mr. John Hill Morgan. 
 The information I have received from them, their unfailing 
 responses and their time ungrudgingly given must receive 
 from me my fullest public acknowledgement and my heartiest 
 thanks. 
 
 I wish to thank, too, all those who have answered my 
 questions or have allowed their treasures to be reproduced. 
 My indebtedness extends in four instances to England. 
 
 Mr. Walter L. Ehrich has been of especial service. 
 
 My less formal thanks must be given the curators and 
 secretaries of the twenty-two art and historical associations 
 who have given me aid in many ways, it is not likely that 
 another writer could have had more generous assistance. 
 
 Theodore Bolton 
 
 WASHINGTON, D.C., OCTOBER, I92O
 
 ACRES, John Edward 
 
 Flourished 181 5-1826. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Acres studied at the Royal Academy. He came 
 to Sydney, Cape Breton County, early in 1815 to see 
 about a land inheritance. Mr. Harry Piers in a com- 
 munication to the writer states: 'From about Septem- 
 ber, 1 81 5, till 1 816 or later he was in Halifax but re- 
 turned to Sydney about 1817. He went again to Hali- 
 fax sometime before 1823, and apparently was still 
 painting miniatures in Halifax in 1826. He committed 
 suicide at Halifax soon afterwards." 
 Mr. Wilkie? inscribed on back: "Halifax, Jan., 1823, 
 Acres, Painter." Mr. George Ritchie, Halifax, N. S. 
 
 AGATE, Alfred T. 
 
 b. 1818; d. January 5, 1846, New York City. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Alfred T. Agate was the younger brother of the 
 painter F. S. Agate. He travelled with Captain Wilkes' 
 expedition making drawings for the government service 
 at that time and later. Francis Emmons wrote a brief 
 account of his life. 
 1-3. Three miniature portraits. 
 
 National Academy Ex. 1837-38. 
 AKIN, James 
 
 b. about 1773 South Carolina; d. July 8, 184.6, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 Engraver, caricaturist and portrait painter in water colors. 
 
 He engraved illustrations in Salem in 1804 and in 
 1805 he was in Newbury. In 1808 he settled in Phila- 
 
 Acres — Akin: 2 
 
 1
 
 delphia becoming in turn designer, pharmacist, res- 
 tauranteur and patent draughtsman. See: 'The Gran- 
 ite Magazine," October, 1898. 
 
 1. Thomas Leavitt. 
 
 2. Hannah (Melcher) Leavitt. 
 
 ALLEN, Sarah Lockhart 
 
 b. August 2, s/9J, Salem; d. there July 11, 187"/. 
 Miniature painter and portrait draughtsman in pastel. 
 
 In Felt's "Annals of Salem" there is the following 
 note for 1820: 'Portraits of full size are executed by 
 Miss Sarah Allen in crayons. She is a native of this 
 city." The following portraits are all miniatures. 
 
 1. Catherine Princess of Nassau, after Morelese. 
 
 Essex Institute. 
 
 2. Charlotte Story Forrester, 1832. 334 x 3. 
 
 Essex Institute. 
 
 3. Unknown boy. Essex Institute. 
 
 4. Unknown woman. Essex Institute. 
 
 5. Thorwaldsen. copy? Boston Museum. 
 
 ALLSTON, Washington 
 
 b. November 5, 1779, Brook Green Domain, Waccamaw 
 Co., S. C; d. July g, 184.3, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
 Historical, religious and portrait painter. 
 
 Graduating from Harvard in 1800 Allston went to 
 Charleston, South Carolina and in 1801 sailed with 
 Malbone for England where they studied in London 
 under Benjamin West. In 1804 Allston went to Paris 
 and Rome. He returned to the United States in 1809. 
 In 181 1 he went to London with Morse. In 1817 he 
 revisited Paris. He was elected R. A. in 181 8. 
 
 Allen — Allston: 3
 
 1. Captain A. S. Pray. Rhode Island School of Design. 
 
 2. Mrs. Huyer. :}{x i -; , . 
 
 Mr. R. T. Haines Halsev, X. V. 
 
 3. John Harris, rectangular. 2 -'4 x iyk. Painted in 1809. 
 
 Boston Museum. 
 
 AMES, Daniel F. 
 
 Flourished 1841-/852, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 AMES, Ezra 
 
 b. 1768; d. Feb. 23, 1S36. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Ezra Ames started as a coach painter. He later took 
 to portrait painting with such success that his picture 
 of Governor George Clinton, exhibited at the Pennsyl- 
 vania Academy, received particular notice. He painted 
 a series of some of the members of the New York State 
 legislature. 
 I. Jesse Hawley. 2 x 3^ m rectangle. 
 
 N. Y. Historical Society. 
 1. Catherine Louisa Douw Townsend. 3 in. oval. 
 
 Albany Institute. 
 
 3. John Fondey Townsend. 3 in. oval. 
 
 Albany Institute. 
 
 4. Margaret Livingston Douw. 3 in. oval. 
 
 Albany Institute. 
 
 5. John Fondey, Jr. 3 in. oval. Albany Institute. 
 
 6. John Fondey Townsend, M. D. 4 in. oval. 
 
 Albany Institute. 
 
 7. Catherine Douw Gansevoort. 4 in. oval. 
 
 Albany Institute. 
 
 Ames, D. — Ames, E: 4 
 3
 
 AMES, Julius R. 
 
 Flourished 1834-1850. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He was the son of Ezra Ames and worked in Albany. 
 
 ANDERSON, Alexander 
 
 b. April 21, 177 S-> New York; d. January 17, 1870, Jersey 
 
 City. 
 Wood engraver. 
 
 Alexander Anderson is rated as the first American 
 wood engraver. He was a copper plate engraver as 
 early as 1794 but to please his father he studied medicine 
 at Columbia College, obtained his degree in 1796 and 
 practised until 1798. In 1797 he resumed engraving. 
 In 1820 he devoted himself almost entirely to engraving 
 on wood taking the work of Thomas Bewick as his 
 model. His work in miniature is rare. See F. M. Burr: 
 "Life of Alexander Anderson," 1893. 
 1. Julia Malvinia Anderson. 1820. 2^x2^. 
 
 N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 ANDRE, John 
 
 b. 175I) London; d. October .?, 1780, Tappan on the 
 
 Hudson. 
 Major in the British Army and amateur artist. 
 
 Major Andre who was executed as a spy during the 
 American Revolution, was an amateur artist of great 
 ability. He painted water color landscapes; assisted at 
 the fetes in Philadelphia by drawing a costume for the 
 "Ladies of the Blended Rose;" probably carved the 
 wooden figure of a British dragoon in the Wister House 
 in Philadelphia; and undoubtedly designed scenery and 
 
 Ames — Andre: 5 
 
 4
 
 drops for the small theatre in Southwark. He also 
 painted a few miniatures and in a letter, speaking of his 
 capture in 1775 at Lancaster he said: 'I have been 
 taken prisoner by the Americans and stripped of every- 
 thing except the picture of Honora which I concealed in 
 my mouth. Preserving that I yet think myself fortu- 
 nate." This miniature was of his own painting. 
 
 1. Miss Peggy Shippen. Pencil. 
 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 1. Honora Sneyd. 1769. 
 
 ANDREWS, Ambrose 
 Flourished 1829-1852. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 From 1829 to 1831 he was in Troy, N. Y. He later 
 moved to Saint Louis and then to New York. 
 I. General Sam Houston. N. A. Exhibition, 1849. 
 
 ANNELLI, Francesco 
 
 Flourished 1841-1828, New York. 
 Historical, portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 ARMSTRONG, William G. 
 
 b. 1823, Montgomery Co., Pa.; still living in Philadelphia 
 
 in zS8o. 
 Engraver and portrait painter in water colors. 
 
 Little is known of W 7 illiam G. Armstrong except that 
 he came to Philadelphia, was a pupil of Longacre, drew 
 small portraits and finally became a line engraver. For 
 Longacre's "National Portrait Gallery" he engraved 
 portraits of John McLane after Sully, Winfield Scott 
 after Ingham and Thomas Pinckney after Trumbull. 
 
 Andrews — Armstrong: 6 
 5
 
 I. Francis Hopkinson. Water color copy of the portrait 
 by Pine. Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 ATHERTON, E. 
 
 Flourished 1841-1842, Boston. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 There was an Ezra Atherton, a wood engraver who 
 worked between 1 830-1 835 and he may have been 
 identical with E. Atherton the miniature painter who is 
 mentioned in the Boston directories for 1841-1842. 
 
 BADGER, Joseph W. 
 
 Flourished /8j2-/8j8, New York. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Joseph W. Badger worked in New York City. It 
 would be well to remember that there were two portrait 
 painters of the same name living a little later in Boston. 
 Thomas Badger lived there from 1 836 to 1 859 and James 
 W. Badger lived there from 1845 to 1846. There was 
 also a John C. Badger in Philadelphia making crayon 
 portraits in 1855. 
 
 I. Mrs. Cherry. N. A. Exhibition, 1837. 
 
 BAKER, George Augustus 
 
 b. iy6o y S trass burg, Germany; d. after 1830 {New York?), 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 The father of George A. Baker, Jr. 
 
 BAKER, George Augustus, Jr. 
 
 b. 1 82 1 New York; d. there April 2, 1880. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 At sixteen George A. Baker, Jr., became a miniature 
 painter with such success that he painted one hundred 
 
 Atherton — Baker: 7 
 
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 and forty miniatures during his first year. I lis work in 
 this branch belongs to the earlier part of his career — he 
 later took up portrait painting in oils. In 1 844-1 846 
 he studied in Europe. In 1851 he was elected N. A. 
 1-4. Four Miniatures. N. A. Exhibition, N. Y., 1838. 
 
 5. Mrs. R. W. Meade, after Stuart. 
 
 6. General Andrew Jackson. 4x3^. 
 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 BALDWIN, William 
 
 Flourished 1827-/846, New Orleans. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 BALL, Thomas 
 
 b. June j>, iSiQy Charlestown, Mass.; d. igii. 
 Sculptor and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 BARBlkRE-WALBONNE, Jacques Luc 
 
 b. 7769, France; d. after f/po. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Barbiere-Walbonne was trained in the studio of 
 Louis David. He was sent to the United States by Louis 
 XVI to paint a miniature of George Washington and to 
 deliver to the first President his majesty's present of the 
 Badge of the Order of Saint-Esprit. He painted a 
 replica of this miniature for himself which is the one 
 listed below. 
 
 I. George Washington. Mr. C. Duhamel, 1881. 
 
 BARKER, M. 
 
 Flourished 1820, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 1. Robert P. Lee, 1820. Exhibition, Newport, R. L, 1890. 
 
 Baldwin — Barker: 8 
 
 7
 
 BARRALET, John James 
 
 b. about 1747, Dublin; d. January 16, 1S/5, Philadelphia. 
 
 Engraver and water-color painter of landscapes and portraits. 
 
 He went to London about 1770, returned to Ireland 
 
 in 1779 and sailed for the United States in 1795, settling 
 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
 BARRATT, Thomas E. 
 
 Flourished 1837-1854, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He may have been identical with or a relation to 
 Edward Barratt who painted miniatures in Dublin in 
 1790. 
 
 1-3. Three portraits in miniature. 
 
 Penn. Academy, 1847-48. 
 4. J. S. Da Solle. Lithographed by A. Newsam. 
 
 BEARD, George 
 
 Flourished 1840, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 BELZONS 
 
 Flourished 1779, Charleston, 8. C. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Nothing is known of "Mr. Belzons a French gentle- 
 man" who painted miniatures in Charleston, South 
 Carolina beyond the fact that he was the first drawing 
 instructor, in 1799, of Thomas Sully whose sister he 
 married. The teacher and pupil came to blows and 
 Sully left after a brief period. Dunlap remarks: "he 
 was a very poor painter." 
 
 Barralet — Belzons: 9 
 8
 
 BENBRIDGE, Henry 
 
 Often erroneously spelled " Bembridge." 
 
 b. May 20, 1744, Philadelphia; d. there February, 1812. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Benbridge went to Italy where he studied under 
 Anton Mengs and Pompeio Battoni and there attracted 
 the attention of James Boswell, the biographer of Dr. 
 Johnson, who commissioned him to paint a portrait of 
 General Paoli. In 1769 he moved to London and was 
 befriended by Benjamin West. In 1770 he painted a 
 portrait of Benjamin Franklin that was exhibited at 
 the Royal Academy. July of that year he returned to 
 America. He was elected a member of the American 
 Philosophical Society in 1771 . Declining health led 
 him to visit Charleston, South Carolina, in 1779 and 
 here he painted many portraits now masquerading 
 under the name of Copley. About the end of the century 
 he moved to Norfolk, Virginia. His remaining years 
 he spent in Philadelphia. 
 
 1. Self-portrait. 
 
 BINGHAM, George Caleb 
 
 b. March 20, 181 1, Augusta Co., Va.; d. July 7, i8/p 3 
 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 Portrait and genre painter. 
 
 In St. Louis Bingham met Chester Harding in 1820. 
 In 1827 he studied law and was a lawyer, politician and 
 cabinet maker before finally adopting the career of an 
 artist. He met Harding again in 1827. He went to 
 Dusseldorf in 1857. He travelled in the eastern cities 
 until 1877 when he was made professor of art in the 
 University of Missouri at Columbia, Missouri. See Fern, 
 
 Benbridge — Bingham: 10 
 9
 
 Helen Rusk: "George Caleb Bingham," Kansas City, 
 1917. 
 
 1. John Quincy Adams. Cabinet-size. On wood. 
 
 G. B. Rollins Estate, Columbia, Mo., 1917. 
 
 2. John Howard Payne. 9x7. Water-color. 
 
 Mrs. J. V. C. Karnes, 191 7. 
 BIRCH, B. 
 Flourished 1784, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He inserted an advertisement in Loudon's "New 
 York Packet," for November 25, 1784. 
 
 BIRCH, Thomas 
 
 b. 1787, London; d. January 14, 1831, Philadelphia. 
 
 Landscape, mariiie and miniature painter. 
 
 Thomas Birch came to the United States with his 
 father in 1793 and settled near Philadelphia painting 
 small profile portraits. In 1807 he was in Delaware. He 
 then started painting marine views with ships and 
 finally about 181 2, also took up historical painting. 
 He must, however, have continued miniature painting 
 for in the catalogue ot the Pennsylvania Academy Ex- 
 hibition of 1 817 he is listed as a "Landscape and Minia- 
 ture Painter, Lombard above Tenth Street, Philadel- 
 phia." He was a member of the Pennsylvania Academy 
 and an Associate N. A. 
 
 BIRCH, William Russell 
 
 b. April 9, I755-, Warwick, England; d. August 7, 1834, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter in enamel, etcher and engraver. 
 
 William Birch exhibited forty-one miniatures at the 
 Royal Academy during 1781 and 1782. Sir Joshua 
 
 Birch, B. — Birch, W.: 11 
 
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 Reynolds employed him to make miniature copies of his 
 paintings and his interest in the technical side of his art 
 was such that he discovered a red brown enamel which 
 he afterwards often used in the backgrounds of his 
 miniatures. For this discovery he received, in 1785, a 
 medal from the Society of Arts. In 1791 he published a 
 book of his engravings after pictures by Richard Wilson, 
 Thomas Rowlandson and other artists called "Delices 
 de la Grande Bretagne." In 1794 he came to the 
 United States and settled in Philadelphia where, as he 
 himself wrote: "Mr. Bingham was my first employer 
 in America, to instruct his two daughters . 
 attended by one of their friends. I then built me a 
 furnace, painted a full-size picture in enamel of Mr. 
 Bingham and a smaller one for Mrs. Bingham." Shortly 
 after he met with great success, gave up the lessons, 
 painted about sixty enamel copies after Stuart's Wash- 
 ington besides excellent original work in miniature, and 
 engraved two volumes of landscapes and city scenes 
 after drawings by various artists. John Neagle painted 
 a portrait of him in his old age. Extracts from an un- 
 published autobiography of William Birch are printed 
 in A. H. W 7 harton's "Heirlooms." 
 
 1. George Washington. Enamel on copper, signed 
 " W. B. 1796." Mr. C. Allen Munn, New York. 
 
 2. George Washington. 3^ x 3. On copper. 
 
 Mr. Samuel P. Avery, 1909. 
 
 3. George Washington. Enamel. 
 
 Mrs. S. W. Edwards, 1881. 
 
 4. George Washington, 1796. 
 
 Mr. J. H. McHenry, Baltimore, 1881. 
 
 Although disfigured said to be a very fine example. 
 
 Birch — Continued: 12 
 11
 
 5. George Washington, 1797. On copper. 
 
 Mr. C. G. Barney, Richmond, 1881. 
 
 6. George Washington. Enamel. 
 
 Mr. Lyle, Dublin, Ireland, 1881. 
 
 7. George Washington, 1796. Enamel. Engraved by 
 J. G. Walker. 
 
 8. George Washington, after Stuart. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1814. 
 
 9. Thomas Jefferson. Enamel, profile. 
 
 Dr. S. W. Mitchell, Pa., 1898. 
 Thomas Jefferson, profile. "Jefferson, G. Stuart, 
 Pinx. W. Birch delin. D. Edwin Sc. 1809." 1}4 x 
 
 1 Pi. 
 
 This may be identical with the foregoing. 
 
 10. Alexander Hamilton. Enamel. 
 
 Dr. S. W. Mitchell, Pa., 1898. 
 
 11. Lafayette. Enamel after Ary Scheffer. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt 
 
 12. Commodore Decatur. Engraved by Edwin, 1813. 
 
 A l A x 4- 
 
 13. Andrew Jackson. Enamel. 1820. 
 
 1 4. Joseph Welsh. Enamel. 
 
 15. Clementina Ross. Enamel. 
 
 Mrs. C. S. Bradford, Pa., 1898. 
 
 16. Mrs. Barnes, nee Priscilla Birch. Enamel. 
 
 Mr. W. Birch, Pa., 1898. 
 
 17. Arthur Lee. 2^x2^. 1795. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 18. Portrait of a Lady. Enamel. 
 
 Hon. A. G. Ponsonby, England, 1865. 
 
 19. Mrs. Whittaker. Enamel brooch. 3x2^. 
 
 Mr. Albert Rosenthal. 
 Birch — Continued: 13 
 
 12
 
 2o. Robert Gilmor. Enamel. 
 
 Mr. C. Allen Munn, New York. 
 
 BISHOP, Thomas 
 
 Flourished 1753-1833-, London , Paris and Philadelphia. 
 
 Miniature painter in enamel. 
 
 Thomas Bishop exhibited five miniatures at the Royal 
 Academy between 1787 and 1798. "In 1833," wrote 
 John Sartain in his "Reminiscences," 'I became 
 acquainted with Thomas Bishop the painter in enamel. 
 He was very old, a good deal past eighty. 
 He resided in Paris at the breaking out of the first 
 French Revolution in 1789. He had studied medicine, 
 and had also learned the art of painting in enamel while 
 there. . . As his life in Paris had been broken up by 
 the rising of the French people against their oppressors, 
 so afterwards in Portugal his peace was again disturbed 
 by the inroad of the all conquering army of the Emperor 
 Napoleon." He came to Philadelphia about 181 1, took 
 a studio in the city and settled in Germantown. One of 
 his enamels was a Venus; another, a nymph and a third, 
 a night blooming cereus. 
 
 1-4. Four portraits in miniature. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1811. 
 
 5-6. Two Children's Heads after Boucher. 
 
 BLANCHARD, Mrs. Eliza H. 
 
 Flourished 1843-/846, Providence, R. I. 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 Birch — Blanchard: 14 
 13
 
 BLANCHARD, Washington 
 Flourished 1831-1843. 
 Miniature painter, Boston. 
 
 1. William Ellery Channing. Boston Athenaeum, 1834. 
 
 2. Alexander H. Everett. 3^x4^. 
 
 N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 3. John C. Calhoun. 
 
 Mrs. G. S. Holmes, Charleston, S. C. [1902]. 
 
 4. Henry Clay, 1842. Corcoran Gallery of Art. 
 
 5. Abram Aldrich, 1843. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 BOGARDUS, Mrs. William 
 b. 1804; d. 1878. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Mrs. Bogardus exhibited miniatures at the National 
 Academy Exhibitions from 1842 to 1846. 
 
 1. Reverend J. O. Choules, about 1830. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, 1890. 
 
 BOGARDUS, William 
 
 b. March 14, 1800, Cats kill, N. Y.; d. April 3, 18/4, 
 
 New York. 
 Engraver, die sinker and miniature pai?7ter. 
 
 Bogardus exhibited a miniature at the National 
 Academy in 1843. 
 
 BOLMAN, Miss 
 
 Flourished 182"/, Philadelphia. 
 
 Amateur miniature painter. 
 
 1. Madame Murat. Copy. Pennsylvania Academy, 1827. 
 
 Blanchard — Bolman: 15 
 14
 
 BOUNETHEAU, Henry Brintnell 
 
 b. December /./, 1J97 ', Charleston , £. C; d. ///m*, January 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Henry Brintnell Bounetheau was the son of Peter 
 Bounetheau, an officer of Huguenot descent who fought 
 in the American Army. He received instruction in art 
 as a boy but as a young man entered the business firm 
 of Dart and Spear and later became an officer in the 
 Bank of Charleston. Finally he went into partnership 
 with Hamilton Son and Company. After two years the 
 partnership dissolved, and, according to the Charleston 
 "News and Courier" for February 1, 1877, he took "to 
 miniature painting for support and displayed so much 
 skill that his pictures soon became the rage." He was 
 chief accountant with the C. N. Hubert Company for 
 many years and held that position at the time of his 
 death. He married Miss Julia Clarkson Dupre, and their 
 son, Henry Dupre Bounetheau, lost his life in the great 
 fire at Jacksonville, and many of the paintings by his 
 father were burned at the same time. 
 
 1. Mrs. Middleton. 
 
 Mrs. J. P. K. Bryan, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 2. Mrs. T. Grange Simons. 
 
 Mr. T. M. Waring, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 3. T. Grange Simons, Jr., 1862. 
 
 Dr. T. G. Simons, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 4. James Davidson Legare, U. S. N. 
 
 Mrs. Gadsden King, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 5. Mrs. Charles Kiddell. 
 
 Miss Kiddell, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 Bounetheau: 16 
 *5
 
 6. Charles Allston Pringle. 
 
 Miss Susan Pringle, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 7. Mrs. Alfred T. Ravenel. 
 
 Mrs. James De Sassure, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 8. Honorable James R. Pringle. 
 
 Miss C. P. Ravenel, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 9. William Ravenel. 
 
 Miss C. P. Ravenel, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 10. Miss Ravenel. 
 
 Miss C. P. Ravenel, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 11. William B. Pringle, Jr. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 12. Dr. T. L. Ogier. 
 
 Mrs. Reid Simons, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 13. Mrs. T. L. Ogier. 
 
 Mrs. Reid Simons, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 14. Henry Heyward Manigault. 4^x3^. 
 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 15. W 7 illiam Mason Smith, 1850. 
 
 Miss Alice R. H. Smith, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 16. General Charles C. Pinckney. 
 
 Engraved by A. B. Durand. 
 
 17. Nathaniel Greene. Engraved by J. B. Longacre. 
 
 BOURDON 
 
 Flourished about 1810, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 James R. Lambden wrote Dunlap that Bourdon was 
 a French refugee "who painted small portraits in an 
 indifferent manner." 
 
 Bounetheau — Bourdon: 17 
 16
 
 BREWSTER, John 
 
 Flourished /S02, Boston. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 BRIDPORT, Hugh 
 
 b. 1794^ London^ England; d. after i8jj. 
 
 Portrait and miniature painter and engraver. 
 
 A student at the Royal Academy and later under C. 
 Wilkin, a miniature painter, Bridport, at Thomas Sully's 
 suggestion, sailed for the United States in 1816 and 
 settled in Philadelphia. In 1 817 he opened an art school 
 with his brother, George Bridport, an interior decorator. 
 In 1 81 8 he conducted a school for both art and archi- 
 tecture with John Haviland. In 1 817 he exhibited three 
 water color scenes in Wales and may have revisited the 
 British Isles. 
 
 1. Francis Hopkinson. 3x2. Mr. Rose, Pa. 
 
 2. Self-portrait. Pennsylvania Academy, 1826. 
 
 3. Chief Justice Tilghman. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1826. 
 
 4. P. A. Browne. Pennsylvania Academy, 1826. 
 
 5. Thomas Sparks. Pennsylvania Academy, 1826. 
 
 6. Joseph Hopkinson. After Stuart. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1826. 
 
 7. A Gentleman. After Raeburn. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1826. 
 
 8. George Bridport. Pennsylvania Academy, 1817. 
 
 9. Miniature. After Reynolds. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1817. 
 
 10. Reverend Henry Conwell. x^fter Neagle. 3^x2^ 
 
 cardboard. On the reverse: "H. Bridport, Miniature 
 
 Painter, 122 Chestnut St." Mr. Livingston, Pa. 
 
 Brewster — Bridport: 18 
 17
 
 ii. Man resembling Jared Sparks. 3x2^. 
 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 12. Caroline Dugan. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 BRODEAU, Anna Maria 
 
 b. iyys, Philadelphia; d. August, 1-865, Washington, D. C. 
 Amateur miniature painter. 
 
 She was the wife of Dr. Thornton whom she married 
 in Philadelphia in 1790. 
 
 1. Dr. William Thornton. 
 
 Mr. W. G. Peter, Washington, D. C. 
 BROOKS, Samuel 
 
 Flourished ijgo, Boston. 
 
 Medallist, miniature and profile painter. 
 
 Samuel Brooks and Joseph Wright inserted the 
 following advertisement in the Boston "Independent 
 Chronicle" for September 30, 1790: "The public are 
 respectfully informed, that the Artists who took the 
 most correct likeness of the President of the United 
 States and executed a medal of him, are at the House of 
 John Coburn, in State Street, and will continue for one 
 month only, to take the most correct likenesses in two 
 minutes sitting; and finish them for one Dollar to 
 three, or a miniature from seven to fourteen Dollars. . 
 The artists cannot stay longer than the time proposed 
 having engaged to go to Carolina in the next month." 
 
 BROWERE, Alburtis D. O. 
 
 b. March 17, 18 14, Tarry town, N. Y.; d. February 17, 
 
 1887, Catskill, N. Y. 
 Sculptor and painter. 
 
 Browere painted a small profile likeness in water 
 
 Brodeau — Browere: 19 
 
 18
 
 color about 2^x4, of his father John Henri Jsaac 
 Browere the artist who made the life masks of Jef- 
 ferson, Gilbert Stuart and many other eminent Ameri- 
 cans. In 1897 it was owned by Mrs. F. Van Benschsten, 
 Hudson, N. Y. He studied at the National Academy 
 and in 1841 received a prize of $1000 for a composition 
 "Canonicus treating with the English." He later went 
 to California and painted mining scenes. 
 
 BROWN, Abby Mason 
 
 Flourished 1800-1S22. 
 Miniature painter. 
 1. C. F. Herreshoff. 
 
 Mr. Lewis Herreshoff, Newport, 1920. 
 
 BROWN, G. 
 
 Flourished 184"/. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Two miniature portraits by G. Brown were exhibited 
 at the Pennsylvania Academy in 1847. There was a 
 G. Brown who exhibited miniatures at the Royal 
 Academy from 1825 to 1839 and it is possible that the 
 two artists are identical. Other English artists exhibited 
 at the Academy at that time. 
 
 BROW 7 N, George Loring 
 
 b. February 2, 1814, Boston; d. June 25, iSSg, Maiden^ 
 
 Mass. 
 Landscape painter. 
 
 At eight years of age Brown began to draw and at 
 twelve he was apprenticed to a wood engraver. Finally, 
 borrowing a slender allowance he went to London, and 
 
 Brown, A. — Brown, G.: 20 
 r 9
 
 later Rome. At one time he studied with Isabey. He is 
 generally known as a landscape painter but according to 
 a newspaper advertisement he painted "portraits and 
 miniatures" in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1838. 
 
 BROWN, Henry I. 
 
 Flourished 1844-185/, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 BROWN, John Henry 
 
 b. 18 1 8 Lancaster •, Pa.; d. i8gi. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 In his own- words Brown "followed business as a 
 painter of all work until 1844, about which time my 
 career as a miniature painter exclusively commenced." 
 He was the boyhood friend of President Buchanan. In 
 i860 he painted a portrait of President Lincoln. At the 
 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876 he received 
 the medal for ivory miniatures. His son Walter Brown 
 was also a miniature painter. 
 
 1. Horace Binney. 
 
 2. Edwin Booth. 
 
 3. President Buchanan, 5x3^. 
 
 National Gallery, Washington, D. C. 
 
 4. Mrs. J. H. L. Campbell. 33^x2^. 1845. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 5. Mrs. Seth Craige. Mrs. J. B. Lippincott, Sr., 1898. 
 
 6. Joseph Hopkinson. 
 
 7. Honorable Alexander Henly. 
 
 8. Mrs. Isaac Hazelhurst. 
 
 Mr. G. A. Hazelhurst, Pa., 1898. 
 
 9. Joshua Lippincott. 
 
 Brown, H. — Brown, J.: 21 
 20
 
 io. Mrs. Henry E. Johnston. 
 
 Mrs. Henry E. Johnston, 1898. 
 
 11. Dr. John K. Mitchell. 
 
 12. John N. Reed. 
 
 13. Commodore Stockton. 
 
 14. Joseph Swift. 
 
 15. Mrs. Annie Wiley. 3x23^. 1881. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 16. Captain James Wiley. 3x2^. 1881. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 17. William Welsh. 
 
 18. Henry F. Williams. 
 
 19. Portrait of a Young Girl. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 BROWN, Mather 
 
 b. October 7, 1761, Boston; d. January /, /Sj/, London. 
 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 Mather Brown was the son of a clock maker of 
 Boston. About 1780 he settled in London receiving 
 instruction from Benjamin West. At the Royal Academy 
 Exhibition he exhibited in all 80 pictures. King George 
 III, the Prince Regent, and Viscount Cremorne were 
 among the sitters for his oil portraits but no record has 
 come to light of some miniatures he painted before 
 leaving the United States. 
 
 BROWN, "Mysterious" 
 Flourished 18/2, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 "Mysterious" Brown was an Englishman who 
 came to New York City and drew chalk portraits and 
 
 painted miniatures. 
 
 Brown, Ma — Brown, My: 22 
 
 21
 
 BROWNING, Mrs. 
 
 Flourished 1839, New York. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 1. Miniature Portrait of a Gentleman. 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, 1839. 
 BURLIN, Richard 
 
 Flourished 7843-/863, New York. 
 Miniature and portrait painter. 
 
 CALYO, NlCOLINO VlCOMPTE DE 
 
 b. 1799 Naples, Italy; d. December, 1884, New York. 
 Miniature and portrait painter. 
 
 Calyo, during the political disturbances in Naples, 
 fled the city with the father of D. G. Rossetti. In 1829 
 he lived at Malta and later in Spain. In 1837 he sailed 
 for the United States and established himself on 
 Chambers Street New York where he was a host to 
 many refugees among them Napoleon III. In 1842 he 
 sailed for Spain, became court painter but returned to 
 the United States to avoid an arising civic strife. See 
 N. Y. Tribune, Dec. 14, 1884. 
 
 CARLIN, John 
 
 b. June 13, 1813, Philadelphia; d. April 23, 1871, New 
 
 York. 
 Genre painter and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Carlin graduated from the Pennsylvania Institute 
 for the Deaf and Dumb in 1825 and then studied in 
 New York with John Neagle. In 1838 he visited Lon- 
 don and later Paris where he studied under Delaroche. 
 He settled permanently in New York City in 1841 and 
 took to miniature painting. 
 
 Browning — Carlin: 23 
 
 12
 
 1. Mrs. William Alston Pringle. 1845. 
 
 Mrs. W. A. Pringle, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 2. Portrait of a Child. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 CATLIN, George 
 
 b. June 26, 1796 : , Wilkesbarre, Pa.; d. December 23, 
 
 1872, Jersey City, N. J. 
 Author and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Better known for his book on the North American 
 Indian, which he both wrote and illustrated, George 
 Catlin started as a lawyer and was admitted to the bar 
 in Litchfield. He then entered West Point and finally 
 moved to Philadelphia to study art where he is listed in 
 the directories as a miniature painter. In Albany he 
 painted a portrait of De Witt Clinton. In 1824 he was 
 in Hartford and in 1825 in New York. He was elected 
 N. A. in the latter year. 
 
 1. Captain Morgan, U. S. N. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1822. 
 
 2. Self Portrait. 
 
 3. Miniature Portrait of a Lady. 
 
 4. Miniature Portrait of a Gentleman. 
 
 5. Napoleon, after L. Mansion. 2*4 x 234. 
 
 Mr. E. Biddle, Pa. 
 
 6. Timothy Pickering. "Engraved by Longacre from a 
 miniature by G. Catlin in the possession of W. Meredith 
 Esqre Philadelphia 1822." 
 
 CHARLES, S. M. 
 
 Miniature painter, 1836. 
 
 1. Andrew Jackson, Signed "S. M. Charles." 
 
 Col. W. Rives, U. S. A. 1897. 
 Catlin — Charles: 24 
 
 2 3
 
 CHESDEBIEN 
 
 Flourished 1783, Baltimore. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 "Mr. Chesdebien, Miniature Painter, announces that 
 he will be at Captain Harrison's, Market Street for a 
 short stay and that he will paint likenesses for 3 guineas" 
 etc. — "Maryland Gazette and Baltimore Advertiser," 
 November 7, 1783. 
 
 CLARK 
 
 Flourished 1795-1800 Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 John Wesley Jarvis, quoted by Dunlap, speaks of 
 
 "Clark, a miniature painter" as living in Philadelphia 
 
 during his school days. 
 
 CLARK, Alvan 
 
 b. March 8, 1S04, Ash field, Mass.; d. August 19, 188 J ', 
 
 Cambridge, Mass. 
 E?igraver, maker of telescopic lenses, and portrait painter in 
 
 oils and miniature. 
 
 Self taught, Clark worked as an engraver for a short 
 time in Boston and later in Providence, Fall River and 
 New York. His miniatures were all painted after 1835. 
 He made the first achromatic lenses in the United States. 
 
 1. Chester Harding. N. A. Exhibition, 1837. 
 
 2. Mrs. Henry Smith, rectangular. 3^x2^-4. 1 836. 
 
 Boston Museum. 
 
 3. Mrs. Alvan Clark. 3x2^. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 4. Barnabas Clark. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 Chesdebien — Clark: 25 
 24
 
 5. Ann Hill Blake. 1836. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 6. Mrs. H. B. Humphrey. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 7. Abram Clark, father of Alvan Clark. 
 
 Mr. T. H. Gage. Worcester, Mass. 
 
 CLONNEY, James Goodwyx 
 
 b. 'January 28, 1S12, Liverpool, England; d. October 7, 
 
 1867, Binghamton, N. Y. 
 Genre and miniature painter. 
 
 Clonney started painting miniatures in New York 
 in 1834, and exhibited at the National Academy during 
 1841-1852. In 1841 he lived at Peekskill, in 1844 he 
 drew on stone for Childs and Inman in Philadelphia and 
 in i8;2 he was living in New Rochelle. He was elected 
 N. A. in 1834. 
 
 CLOW, J. 
 
 Flourished iSjj-iS^o, Halifax, X. S. 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 Clow came from Europe to Halifax in 183" and took 
 a studio for a time in the Exchange Coffee House. He 
 revisited Halifax in 1840. 
 
 1. Hon. Richard John Uniacke. Rectangular, alter 
 Robert Field's oil portrait. Signed "J- Clow, 1831." 
 
 Lt. Col. C. J. Uniacke, Southsea, England. 
 
 2. Temple Stanvere Piers. 
 
 Mr. W. G. Brookrleld, Halifax, N. S. 
 
 Clonnev — Clow: 26 
 
 2 5
 
 COLLAS, Louis D. 
 
 Flourished 1818-1828, New Orleans. 
 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 Dr. Cline of New Orleans writes: "Louis Collasisone 
 of the best of the early American miniature painters. 
 . . . He was painting portraits in miniature and oil 
 in 1820 and we can find nothing about him after 1828." 
 
 1. Miss Ewing, 181 8. 
 
 Mrs. J. S. Buist, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 COLLES, J. 
 
 Flourished 1778-1780, New York. 
 Profile miniature painter. 
 
 He inserted advertisements in the "New York Gazette 
 and Weekly Mercury" for November 9, 1778, and in the 
 "Royal Gazette" for May 10, 1780. 
 
 COMINGO, Brown 
 
 181 1. Halifax^ Nova Scotia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Comingo was a relative of the Reverend Bruin Rom- 
 cas Comingo, a Presbyterian pastor at Lunenberg, Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 COOPER, James 
 
 Flourished 1853, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Cooper exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy in 
 1855, a "Miniature Copy of a Daguerreotype on Ivory"; 
 "Likeness of a Child, on Paper"; 'Jenny Lind." 
 
 Collas — Cooper: 27 
 26
 
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 COOPER, Peregrine F. 
 
 Flourished 1840-/890, Philadelphia. 
 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 P. F. Cooper published a book in 1863 called "The 
 Art of Making and Coloring Ivory Types, Photographs, 
 Talbotypes, and Miniature Painting on Ivory . . . 
 bv P. F. Cooper, Miniature, Portrait, Pastil, and Eques- 
 trian Painter and Photographer." He states in his 
 introduction that he has had "the experience of twenty- 
 three years in study and practice in miniature painting, 
 twelve years of that time principally devoted to Talbo- 
 tvpe, or Photograph and Ivorytype coloring." 
 
 COPLEY, John Singleton 
 
 b. July J, 1737, Boston; d. Sept. o, 181J, London, England. 
 
 Historical, portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 John Singleton Copley was the son of Irish parents 
 of English descent who arrived in Boston in 1736. The 
 father died in the West Indies shortly after his son was 
 born. In 1748 Mrs. Copley married again and the step- 
 father, Peter Pelham, who was both a painter and en- 
 graver, probably gave the boy his first drawing lessons. 
 When he was fifteen he had already painted his first 
 portraits. His success, which came early, was such that 
 John Trumbull wrote of his amazement at seeing the 
 stvle in which the artist lived. In 1766 Copley sent the 
 portrait of his half brother, Henry Pelham, to the ex- 
 hibition in Somerset House. The picture was greatly 
 admired and, although submitted anonymously, the 
 custom of exhibiting only those artists' work who sent 
 their names was waived on account of its excellence. 
 
 Cooper — Copley: 28 
 
 27
 
 Through West's influence he was elected a fellow of the 
 Society of Artists and invited to London. In 1769 he 
 married Miss Clarke, whose father was the owner of the 
 famous consignment of tea destroyed in 1773- by the 
 "Boston Tea Party." From June to December, 1771, 
 he was in New York City. In 1774 he left for Europe 
 never to return, going first to England and then to 
 Italy. From Genoa he wrote: "Genoa is a lovely city! 
 If I should be suddenly transported to Boston I should 
 think it only a collection of wren boxes." He wrote 
 from Parma in 1775 urging his half brother, Henry 
 Pelham, to resist conscription. The treatment his 
 father-in-law received at the hands of the mob would 
 explain this letter, for Copley always remained an 
 American. He visited Germany, Holland and France 
 the same year, settling finally in London. In 1779 he 
 was elected R. A. 
 
 "The Life and Works of John Singleton Copley," by 
 Mr. F. W. Bayley, Boston, 191 5, gives a list of prac- 
 tically all of Copley's paintings. 
 
 1. Joseph Barrell. 1^x1 l / 8 . 
 
 2. Mrs. Samuel Barrett. Oval, on copper. 5^x4^. 
 
 Miss M. E. Cabot, Brookline, 191 5. 
 
 3. Joseph Blake. On copper. 
 
 Rear Admiral C. H. Davis, Washington, D. C. 
 Painted about 1756. 
 
 4. Mr. Samuel Carey. Oval. 1 5 /ieX 1 3 /ie. Ivory. 
 
 Boston Museum. 
 
 5. Mrs. Samuel Carey. Oval. 1^x1 3 / u . Ivory. 
 
 Boston Museum. 
 
 6. William Cleland. Oval. iyixi. Ivory, attributed to 
 Copley. Boston Museum. 
 
 Copley — Continued: 29 
 28
 
 J. Self Portrait. Oval. Painted in England. 
 
 Mrs. F. G. Dexter, Boston. 
 
 8. Self portrait. Oval, iy&xi. 
 
 Boston Museum, loaned by Mrs. H. Copley Greene, 
 
 1920. 
 
 9. Lord Cornwallis. Miniature. 
 
 10. Judge Dan forth. On copper. 
 
 11. James Erving. Oval, oil. "There is a tradition in the 
 family that it was the first miniature in oil that Cop- 
 ley made." Perkins. 
 
 Mr. J. Langdon Erving, New York, 191 5. 
 
 12. Dr. Samuel Fayerweather. On copper. 3x2^. 
 
 Mr. E. D. Harris, Yonkers, N. Y., 191 5. 
 
 13. Joshua Grafton. Oval. Mr. J. G. Minot. 1915- 
 
 14. Benjamin Greene. Mrs. D. F. Prouty. 191 5. 
 15-16. Thomas Greene and his Wife, two portraits on the 
 
 same copper panel. 6x8. 
 
 Miss M. G. Chapman. Boston. 191 5. 
 
 17. John Hancock (1737-1793). Exhibited in New York. 
 
 18. Thomas Hancock (1 703-1 764). 4^x3. On Copper. 
 
 19. Joseph Sayer Hixon. 
 
 Mrs. J. P. Hixon, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 20. Mrs. Joseph Sayer Hixon. 
 
 Mrs. J. P. Hixon, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 21. Miss Thankful Hubbard, 1758. 
 
 22. Miss Eliza Hunter, 1784. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 23. Judge John Lowell. (1743-1802). 
 
 Mrs. G. M. Barnard. 1915? 
 
 24. Jeremiah Lee, 1 fs x 1 %. Boston Museum. 
 
 25. Andrew Oliver, Jr. 3 x 2 H- Boston Museum. 
 
 Copley — Continued'. 30 
 29
 
 26. Lieutenant Governor Andrew Oliver, i^xi ]/ 2 . Oil. 
 
 Boston Museum. 
 
 27. Daniel Oliver. Mrs. G. F. Crane, N. Y., 191 5. 
 
 28. Mrs. Oliver? 1^x1^. Boston Museum. 
 
 29. Chief Justice Peter Oliver. Oval, copper. 5x4. 
 
 Mrs. G. F. Crane, N. Y., 1915. 
 
 30. Lord Rodney (171 8-1792). England. 
 
 31. Sir John Saint Clair. 1^x1^, 1758. 
 
 Hist. Society of Penn. 
 
 32. Stephen Salisbury? 1^x1. Oval. 
 
 Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 33. Deborah Scollay. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 34. David Sears. Mr. David Sears, Boston, 1874. 
 
 35. Captain John Small. 
 
 36. John Sparhawk. Painted 1783-4. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 37. Reverend Mr. Stillman. 
 
 Mrs. J. C. Hixon, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 38. Mrs. Stillman. Mrs. J. C. Hixon, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 39. Samuel Todd. Miss Alba Davis, 191 5. 
 40-41. Two miniatures attributed to Copley. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Hooper, Boston, 1915. 
 
 42. Portrait of a Man. Boston Museum. 
 
 43. Mrs. Joseph Barrell, nee Nancy Pierce. (1 744-1 777). 
 
 Miss Dorothea Keep, 191 5. 
 
 CORNE, Michaele Felice 
 
 b. 1712 Italy; d. 1832, Newport, Rhode Island 
 
 Marine painter and portrait painter in oils. 
 
 Corne fled to the United States to avoid military 
 duty. In 1 807 he exhibited panorama of "The Bombard- 
 ment of Tripoli," and "The Burning of the Pennsylvania 
 
 Copley — Corne: 31 
 
 30
 
 Frigate" at Washington Hall, Salem. Some small- 
 sized portraits in Indian ink by Corne are preserved in 
 the Essex Institute. 
 
 CUMMINGS, Thomas Sier 
 
 b. August 26^ 1804, Bath, England; d. September 4, 1S94, 
 Hackensack, N. J. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Thomas S. Cummings came to New York as a child. 
 About 1 81 8, after meeting Augustus Earl he decided 
 upon art as a profession. From about 1821 to 1826 he 
 studied under Henry Inman and at the end of that time 
 he devoted himself entirely to miniature painting. He 
 also studied at the American Academy and when S. F. B. 
 Morse, a fellow student, called a meeting in 1821 of 
 those dissatisfied with the policy of the director, John 
 Trumbull, Cummings was one of the number. This led 
 to the foundation of the New York Drawing Association 
 which in January, 1826, became the National Academy 
 of Design. Cummings was treasurer of the institution 
 from 1827 to 1865, vice president from 1850 to 1859 
 and chairman of the committee that erected the present 
 home of the Academy. He was commissioned brigadier 
 general of the New York State Militia in 1838. In 1865 
 he published "The Historic Annals of the National 
 Academy" that stands with Dunlap's "History of the 
 Arts of Design" in importance as a history of the early 
 American artists. The year after the publication of his 
 book he moved to Mansfield, Connecticut, and finally 
 settled in Hackensack in 1889. 
 
 1. Daniel Tylee. N. A. Exhibition, 1 841. 
 
 Cummings: 32 
 3 1
 
 i. L. P. Clover. N. A. Exhibit 
 
 3. George W. Jenkins. N. A. Exhibit 
 
 4. Mrs. Johnson. N. A. Exhibit 
 
 5. Henry Clay. N. A. Exhibit 
 
 6. John Inman. N. A. Exhibit 
 
 7. Henry Inman. N. A. Exhibit 
 
 8. M. Yates. N. A. Exhibit 
 
 on, 1 841, 
 on, 1841, 
 on, 1841. 
 on, 1 841, 
 on, 1 841, 
 on, 1841, 
 on, 184I. 
 
 9. Erasmus Darwin Foote. Brooklyn Museum. 
 
 10. Elizabeth Stirling, later Mrs. Foote. 
 
 Brooklyn Museum. 
 
 11. Miss Anna Clark. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 CUSHMAN, George Hewitt 
 
 b. June 5, 1814, Windham^ Conn.; d. August J, /8y6> 
 
 Jersey City. 
 Engraver and miniature painter. 
 
 George Hewitt Cushman at first studied engraving 
 under Asaph Willard and did not start painting until 
 late in life. It was his desire to enter West Point but 
 was unable to carry out his wishes. His activity as an 
 artist extended from New York to Philadelphia. The 
 miniatures he painted were made generally only for his 
 friends. 
 
 1. Self portrait. The Misses Cushman, Pa., 1898. 
 
 2. Rebecca Wetherill. Miss R. Wetherill, Pa., 1898. 
 
 3. Mrs. William W 7 . Young. Miss R. Wetherill, Pa., 1 898. 
 
 4. Daniel Wadsworth. 
 
 DALTON, E. 
 
 Flourished 1827, Philadelphia. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 I . Captain Smith of the British Navy. 
 
 Penn. Academy, 1827. 
 
 Cushman — Dalton: ^2 
 
 3 2
 
 DE BREHAN, Marchioness 
 
 Flourished 1/88. 
 
 Amateur miniature painter. 
 
 The Marchioness De Brehan was the sister of 
 Count de Moustier, French minister to the United States. 
 She visited Mount Vernon in 1788 with her brother 
 and painted several profile miniatures of George Wash- 
 ington and Nelly Custis. 
 1 . George Washington 
 
 Mrs. F. F. Moorhead, Allegheny, Pa., 1897. 
 1. Nelly Custis. 
 
 Mrs. F. F. Moorhead, Allegheny, Pa., 1897. 
 3. Washington and Lafayette. On copper. 
 
 DEMILLIERE 
 
 Flourished 1796, New York. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 DENNING, Charlotte 
 
 Flourished about 1834, Plattsburg, N. Y. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 DEWEY, S. 
 
 Flourished 1800-1810, Baltimore. 
 Silhouettist and miniature painter. 
 
 The name Dewey appears on a silhouette belonging to 
 Mrs. W. A. Fisher, of Ambrose Clark made in 1800. 
 In 1 8 10 an advertisement in a Baltimore newspaper 
 says that S. Dewey painted "profiles and miniatures in 
 various styles." There was a Silas Dewey — a "portrait 
 painter, Vulcan Alley" in Baltimore in 1814-1815 and 
 
 De Brehan — Dewey: 34 
 
 33
 
 he may have been identical with S. Dewey silhouettist 
 and miniature painter. 
 
 DICKINSON, Anson 
 
 b. s/8o, Milton, Litchfield Co., Conn.; d. there March 7, 
 
 1852. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Anson Dickinson started life as a silversmith but 
 turned finally to art and took drawing lessons in Hart- 
 ford. He began painting miniatures about 1804 and in 
 that year sat to Edward Malbone for his portrait. The 
 story is told that while Malbone was painting this por- 
 trait the funeral procession of Alexander Hamilton 
 passed by in the street below, but the artist was so 
 absorbed that he would neither look out of the window 
 himself nor allow his sitter to do so. From 1805 to 1810 
 Dickinson painted miniatures successfully in Albany 
 and in the latter year met and received encouragement 
 from Washington Irving. In 181 1 he was in New York. 
 In 1 81 8 he visited Canada. In 1840 he moved to New 
 Haven and shortly after to Hartford where he spent his 
 remaining years. 
 
 1. Archbishop Du Bois. 
 
 2. Governor Sam Houston of Texas. 
 
 3. Chancellor Livingston. 
 
 4. Gilbert Stuart. 3x2^. N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 5. Gilbert Stuart. Mr. H. H. Houston, Pa., 1892. 
 
 6. Gilbert Stuart. Mrs. Oscar L. Keith, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 7. Governor Oliver Wolcott of Connecticut. 
 
 8. J.W.Gates. 2 15 / 16 x2^. Oval. 
 
 Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 Dickinson: 35 
 
 34
 
 9. Mrs. Robert Watts, nee Matilda Ridley. 2^x2^. 
 
 Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 10. Judge James Gould. 2^4 X3X. Rectangle. 
 
 Litchfield Hist. Society. 
 
 11. Dr. Daniel Sheldon. 3X x - X A> Oval. 
 
 Litchfield Hist. Society. 
 
 12. F. Augustus Tallmadge. 3^4 x iyi. Oval. 
 
 Litchfield Hist. Societv. 
 
 13. Portrait of a Man. Attributed to A. Dickinson by 
 
 C. H. Hart. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 DICKINSON, Daniel 
 
 b. 1795 Litchfield^ Conn.; d. after 1840. 
 Portrait painter in oils a)id miniature. 
 
 Daniel Dickinson was a contemporary of Jocelyn in 
 New Haven. He moved to Philadelphia in 1820. In 
 1830 he started painting in oils. He was a brother of 
 Anson Dickinson. He exhibited six miniatures at the 
 Pennsylvania Academy during 1 827-1 831. Two or 
 three were after paintings by Sully. 
 
 DODGE, Edward Samuel 
 
 b. July 8, 18 16; d. April 6, 1857. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 DODGE, John Wood 
 
 b. November ./, 1807, New York; d. December /6, iSgj. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 1. General Jackson, 1842. The original from which the 
 postage stamp of 1863 was engraved. 
 
 2. Henry Clay. 1843. Mrs. A. C. Gunther, N. Y., 1897. 
 
 Dickinson — Dodge: 36 
 35
 
 3. Henry Bergh. 
 
 4. Mrs. Winston. 2^x1^. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 DOYLE, William M. S. 
 
 b. 1769, Boston; d. there May, 1828. 
 Silhouettist and portrait painter in oils, miniature and 
 crayons. 
 
 Doyle was the son of a British officer stationed in 
 Boston. He was associated with Daniel Bowen as a 
 silhouettist. In the 1805 Boston directory his name 
 appears as a "miniature painter at the Columbia 
 Museum." Of this institution he was the head and 
 retained the position the rest of his life. 
 1. S. R. C. Moffatt. 
 
 DREXEL, Francis Martin 
 
 b. 1792 Dornbirm, Austria; d. June 5, i86j> Philadel- 
 phia. 
 Miniature painter and banker. 
 
 Drexel came to the United States in 18 17 and in 
 1 81 8 he was painting miniatures in Philadelphia. Later 
 he went to Peru, then to Chile, where he painted a por- 
 trait of Simon Bolivar, and finally to Mexico. In 1831 
 he founded the banking firm of Drexel and Company 
 and gave up painting. 
 
 1. Self portrait. Mrs. J. G. Watmough, Pa., 1898. 
 
 2. Mrs. F. M. Drexel. 
 
 DRUCEZ 
 
 Flourished 1805, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He was, according to Dunlap, "a Flemming." 
 
 Doyle — Drucez: 37 
 36
 
 DUBOURJAL, Savinien Edme 
 
 b. February 12, 1/95, Paris; d. there, /Sjj. 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 Dubourjal was a pupil of Girodet and studied also 
 at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. He exhibited at the Salon 
 for the first time in 1824. In 1846 he was in Boston 
 and from 1847 to 1850 he was in New York where he 
 exhibited many pictures at the National Academy Ex- 
 hibitions. Although he painted portraits in oils he is 
 best known by his pencil drawings and water-color 
 portraits. He was an attached personal friend of 
 G. P. A. Healy, and some account of their friendship is 
 given in the "Life of Healy" by Healy's daughter. 
 
 1. John C. Calhoun. Water-color. 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, 1847 
 1. Charles Lanman. Water-color. 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, 1847 
 
 3. Miss C. Lynch. W T ater-color. 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, 1847 
 
 4. Miniature of the artist. 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, 1847 
 
 5. Miniature of the Son of Voisin. 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, 1847 
 
 6. President Polk. Paris Salon, 1854 
 
 7. Harriette Story Paige. 
 
 Mrs. Reginald Foster, Boston 
 
 8. Caroline Leroy Webster, 1845. Drawing. 
 
 Mrs. A. Lawrence, Boston 
 
 DUNCAN, Mrs. 
 
 See Anna Claypoole Peale. 
 
 Dubourjal — Duncan: 38 
 
 37 
 
 .
 
 DUNCAN, James 
 
 Flourished 184.2-1862, Montreal, Canada. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 DUNKERLEY, Joseph 
 
 Flourished 1784-/785, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Dunkerley inserted an advertisement in the "Inde- 
 pendent Chronicle," Boston, December, 1784, saying 
 that he "still carries on his Profession of Painting in 
 Miniature at his house in the North Square." In the 
 same paper for February 17, 1785, Joseph Dunkerley 
 and John Hazlitt advertised to start a drawing school, 
 "as soon as a sufficient number of scholars apply. N. B. 
 Miniature Pictures executed in the neatest manner." 
 
 DUNLAP, William 
 
 b. February 17, 1766, Perth Amboy, N. J.; d. September 
 
 28, /8jp, New York City. 
 Dramatist, art historian and portrait painter in oils and 
 miniature. 
 
 Dunlap made a crayon portrait of George Washing- 
 ton as early as 1783. In 1784 he went to London return- 
 ing in 1787 with nothing but a few visits to Benjamin 
 West's studio to show for his stay, on account of aimless 
 peregrinations about England. However, upon his re- 
 turn, he set up successfully as a portrait painter in New 
 York. From 1789 to 1805 he abandoned art and entered 
 civic affairs, visited Boston as a merchant and finally 
 engaged in theatrical speculations. His play "Andre" 
 was first performed in 1798. Failure, bankruptcy, and 
 wanderings about many different cities occupied his life 
 
 Duncan — Dunlap: 39 
 38
 
 until 1830 when he settled permanently in New York 
 City. In 1 81 2 he painted miniatures unsuccessfully in 
 New Haven and seems never to have forgotten his lack 
 of patronage there. Gilbert Stuart, who saw him 
 shortly afterward, is said to have remarked: 'Friend 
 Dunlap, it appears to me the good people of New Haven 
 may have had some cause." He was vice president of 
 the National Academy from 1831 until 1838, the year 
 before his death. A benefit performance at the Park 
 Theatre relieved his later years. The loss of his right 
 eye was a serious handicap to his production of good 
 work. 
 
 William Dunlap placed the future generations in his 
 debt when he wrote his "History of the Arts of Design." 
 He not only knew many of the artists personally but had 
 the immense advantage of being himself an artist. The 
 book is a mine of information, and has, too, the peren- 
 nial charm ofVasari and Cunningham. It was reprinted 
 in 191 8 by Messrs. Bayley and Goodspeed of Boston. 
 
 The best brief account of Dunlap and his work, aside 
 from his own entertaining autobiography, is the article 
 by Professor Theodore S. Woolsey in the "Yale Review" 
 July, 1914, which is supplemented with a list of Dun- 
 lap's paintings. Oral S. Coad's "William Dunlap," 
 also contains a register of his work. 
 
 1. Anthony Bleeker. Sepia on paper. 
 
 N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 2. Armitt Brown. 1800? Mrs. Fred Brown, Pa., 191 4. 
 
 3. Charles Brockden Brown. Sketch. 
 
 4. Charles Brockden Brown. 2^x2^. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 Dunlap — Continued: 40 
 
 39
 
 5. Charles Brockden Brown. Brown Family, Pa., 1917 
 
 6. Charles Brockden Brown. 
 
 Lucy Wharton Drexel Collection, Pa., 191 7 
 
 7. Mrs. Charles Brockden Brown. 
 
 Lucy Wharton Drexel Collection, Pa., 191 7 
 8-9. Two miniatures of George Frederick Cooke. 
 
 The Players Club, N. Y 
 
 10. Thomas Abthorpe Cooper. After the oil painting by 
 Jarvis. The Players Club, N. Y 
 
 11. Margaret Dunlap. 3^x2^8. 1810? 
 
 The Johnson Family, Staten Island 
 
 12. William Dunlap. Prof. T. S. Woolsey, 1917 
 
 13. W 7 illiam Dunlap. 3x2^. 1800-06. 
 
 Mrs. Carmalt, 1917 
 
 14. W 7 illiam Dunlap. 3^2x3. 1821-26. 
 
 Mrs. Carmalt, 1917 
 
 15. Mrs. William Dunlap. 
 
 Mrs. Carmalt, New Haven, 191 7 
 
 16. Mrs. Darley. 1806. Stan V. Henkel's Sale, 1905 
 
 17. President Timothy Dwight. Attributed to Dunlap 
 About 1 8 10. Mrs. W. H. Carmalt, New Haven, 1917 
 
 18. James Fennel, the Actor, 1827. 
 
 S. V. Henkel's Sale, 1905. 
 
 19. Mr. Griffin, 1830. Painted in Montreal. 
 
 20. Reverend E. Low. 1822. Painted Norfolk. 
 
 21. Mrs. Motte. Rhode Island School of Design. 
 
 22. Elihu H. Smith; b. 1789; d. 1805. "During this 
 time I painted some small sketchy liknesses of my 
 friends C. B. Brown, Elihu H. Smith and a few others." 
 Dunlap. 
 
 23. President John Tyler. 2^ix 2J4. Mr. Albert Rosenthal. 
 
 Dunlap — Continued: 41 
 40
 
 24. Mrs. Royal N. Waller. 
 
 25. Mrs. Royal N. Waller. Replica of foregoing. 
 
 26. George Washington. Jan. 1833. "Touch on a minia- 
 ture of Washington painted by me many years ago." 
 Dunlap. 
 
 27. Mrs. Wignel. 1806. Prof. T. S. Woolsey, New Haven. 
 
 28. Colonel Hugh Williamson. 
 
 29. Francis Bayard W 7 inthrop. 
 
 Johnson Family, Staten Island, N. Y. 191 7. 
 
 30. Mrs. Benjamin Woolsey the First. After an oil paint- 
 ing by an unknown artist. Mrs. W. H. Carmalt. 
 
 31. Mrs. Benjamin Woolsey the Second. 1798? 
 
 Mr. Wm. S. Johnson, Marmaroneck, N. Y. 1917. 
 
 32. Captain John Taylor Woolsey. 1795? Attributed to 
 Dunlap. Mrs. W. H. Carmalt. 
 
 22- William Walton Woolsey. 1821? Wm. S. Johnson. 
 
 34-45. Twelve miniatures by or attributed to Dunlap. 
 Described in "Catalogue of a Collection of Ivory 
 Miniatures and Water Color Views of New York, by 
 William Dunlap to be sold March 10, 1905." Stan V. 
 Henkels. 16 illustrations. One in color. 
 
 46. A Cupid and Two Females. 
 
 47. Portrait of a Man. 2^x2^. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 48. Portrait of a Lady. 4^ x 2}^. Mr. A. Rosenthal. 
 
 DURAND, Asher Brown 
 b. August 21, 1796^ Jefferson Village^ now Maplewood, 
 
 N. J. d. there September 17, 1886. 
 Engraver and historical and portrait painter. 
 
 The son of a watchmaker of Huguenot descent, 
 Asher Brown Durand helped his father engrave initials 
 
 Dunlap — Durand: 42 
 41
 
 on silver and this practice led him to take up the en- 
 graving of plates. He was apprenticed to Peter Maver- 
 ick and, after five years, became his partner. He en- 
 graved, among other pictures, Trumbull's " Declaration 
 of Independence" and Vanderlyn's "Ariadne." In 1835 
 he gave up engraving and devoted his time entirely to 
 painting landscapes and portraits. 
 
 1. John Durand. Ivory. New York Historical Society. 
 
 2. Mrs. John Durand. 12 x 9J4. 1822. Ivory. 
 
 New York Historical Society. 
 
 DU SIMITlERE, Piere Eugene 
 
 b. 1736? Geneva, Switzerland; d. October, 1784, Philadel- 
 phia. 
 Naturalist and portrait painter in miniature and oils. 
 
 Du Simitiere lived in the West Indies from about 
 1756 to 1765. He then went to New York and in 
 1766 to Philadelphia. He resisted conscription in 1777 
 and was compelled by the military authorities to pay a 
 heavy penalty. In 1780 he opened an "American 
 Museum of Curiosities." In 1781 he received an 
 honorary M.A. degree from Princeton University. The 
 following small portraits were engraved from Du Simi- 
 tiere's drawings and published as a set in a quarto 
 volume. The engraver was Benjamin Reading of 
 London. 
 1. Washington. 
 
 Benedict Arnold. 
 Silas Deane. 
 John Dickinson. 
 William H. Drayton. 
 
 Du Simitiere: 43 
 42
 
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 to 
 
 
 
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 M 50 
 
 « 
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 G 
 
 z 
 w 
 
 H 
 
 a 
 
 M 
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 c 
 
 W 
 
 to 
 
 
 
 td 
 
 o 
 
 Z 
 
 - 
 o 
 
 a 
 - 
 
 a 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 Si 
 
 > 
 
 <— i 
 
 > 
 
 > 
 n 
 
 71 
 
 _w o
 
 6. General Horatio Gates. 
 
 7. Samuel Huntington. 
 
 8. John Jay. 
 
 9. Henry Laurens. 
 
 10. Gouverneur Morris. 
 
 11. Joseph Reed. 
 
 12. Baron Steuben. 
 
 13. Charles Thompson. 
 
 DUVAL, Ambrose 
 Flourished 182'/ to /Sjo, Orleans. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 1. Governor William C. C. Claiborne of Louisiana. 
 Signed: "A. Duval." 3^4x3. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 Engraved by Longacre. 
 
 2. Lelande de Ferrier. 2^x2. 
 
 Dr. I. M. Cline, New Orleans. 
 
 DUVIVIER and Son 
 
 Flourished 1/96. 
 Miniature painters. 
 
 "Duvivier and Son" painted on "silks and satins." 
 They conducted a drawing academy. 
 1. Ebenezer Hazard, 1796. 
 
 Rev. T. E. Vermilye, N. Y. 1892. 
 
 EAGER, William 
 
 b. about 1796 in Ireland; d. November 24, s<Sj9, Ha/ijax, 
 N. S. Topographical artist. 
 
 Besides his work as a topographical artist, Eager also 
 painted a very few water color portraits. 
 
 Duval — Eager: 44 
 43
 
 EARL or EARLE, James 
 
 b. May i, 1/6/, Leicester, now Paxton, Mass.; d. August 
 
 i, 1796, Charleston, S. C. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 The brother of Ralph Earl. He worked both in 
 England and South Carolina. 
 1. Dr. Samuel Stearns. Engraved for: "Tour from 
 London to Paris," by Dr. Samuel Stearns, London, 
 1790. 
 
 EARL or EARLE, Ralph 
 
 b. May 11, 1751, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts; d. August 
 16, 1801, Bolton, Conn. 
 
 Historical painter, portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 Ralph Earl's earliest portraits date from 1771. 
 Amos Doolittle engraved, in 1775, several scenes of 
 incidents in the American Revolution which Earl not 
 only composed but probably witnessed. Later he be- 
 came an itinerant painter. In 1782 he studied under 
 Benjamin West in London. He was made R.A. in 1783 
 and exhibited at the Academy from 1783 to 1785. In 
 1787 he was imprisoned for debt but received com- 
 missions through the intercession of Alexander Hamilton. 
 The writer knows nothing of portraits in miniature 
 he is said to have painted. See: "Metropolitan Museum 
 Bulletin," May, 1906. 
 
 EARL or EARLE, Ralph Eleaser Whitesides (or 
 Wheelock) 
 
 b. England?; d. September 16, 1837, Nashville, Tennessee. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 R. E. W. Earl was the son of Ralph Earl by his 
 
 Earl or Earle, J. — Earl or Earle, R. : 45 
 
 44
 
 second wife. He studied in London under Benjamin 
 West in 1809 and 18 10. In 18 14 he visited Paris. He 
 returned to the United States in 181 5, married a niece 
 of Andrew Jackson and painted numerous small por- 
 traits of the President. Several of these were painted 
 from life. 
 
 EDWARDS, Thomas 
 
 Flourished 1822-1856, Boston. 
 
 Silhouettist and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 He exhibited at the Boston x-\thenaeum. 
 
 EICHHOLTZ, EICHOLTZ or EIKHOLTZ, Jacob 
 
 b. November 2, 1776, Lancaster, Perm.; d. May II, 1842, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 The late Honorable William U. Hensel in an article 
 on Jacob Eichholtz in the "Pennsylvania Magazine 
 of History" for 1913 enumerated about 295 portraits. 
 
 1. Henry E. Leman. Miniature. 
 
 2. Dr. W 7 illiam Darlington. 1782-1863. Oval. 9x6^. 
 Oil. New York Historical Society. 
 
 3. Ellis Lewis, Miniature. 
 
 ELDRIDGE, C. W. 
 
 b. November 181 1, New London, Conn.; still living in 
 
 Hartford 18S1. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 The miniature portrait painting partnership of Eld- 
 ridge and Parker painted nine years in Hartford, at 
 the end of which period Eldridge painted extensively 
 
 Edwards — Eldridge: 46 
 
 45
 
 in New York and through the South. Failing eyesight 
 and the advance of the photograph reducing the 
 number of his sitters led him to abandon painting. 
 
 ELLIOTT or ELLIOT, Charles Loring 
 
 b. December 1812, Scipio, N. Y.; d. September 5, 1868 ', 
 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 The pupil of Trumbull and the friend of Henry 
 Inman, Charles Loring Elliott achieved immense popu- 
 larity and painted about 700 portraits. 
 
 1. Louis Gaylord Clark. i>ixi^. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 ELLIS, Salathiel 
 
 Flourished 1845-1846, New York. 
 A " painter of cameo likenesses. " 
 
 ELOUIS, Jean Pierre Henri 
 
 b. January 20, 1755, Caen, France; d. there, December 23, 
 184J. Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Elouis was of German descent and his surname was 
 a Gallicised version of von Ludwig. A pupil of Re- 
 stout and Le Fevre in Paris he later went to London 
 and studied at the Academy where he won a silver 
 medal. He exhibited sixteen miniatures at the Academy 
 Exhibitions from 1785 to 1787. About 1787 he went to 
 the United States living in Annapolis and Baltimore 
 until 1792 when he moved to Philadelphia. Here he 
 painted a portrait of George Washington. About 1799 
 he started on his travels with von Humboldt in the 
 United States, Mexico and South America making 
 
 Elliott or Elliot — Elouis: 47 
 46
 
 drawings for the great naturalist. He returned to 
 France in 1807, abandoned miniature painting and 
 exhibited portraits in oil at the Paris Salon from 18 10 
 to 1 8 19. He was made curator of the Museum of Caen 
 in 1 8 14 and held the position until his death. An 
 account of Elouis is given by C. H. Hart in the "Penn- 
 sylvania Magazine of History, " 191 1. 
 
 1. Martha Washington. 2 6 / l6 x 1 I4 / l6 . 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 2. Martha Washington. Mrs. J. W 7 . Drexel, Pa. 191 1. 
 
 ELLSWORTH, James San ford 
 
 b. 1802, Windsor, Conn.; d. 1873 or 74, Pittsburgh Penn. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 James Sanford Ellsworth was born in Windsor, Conn., 
 in 1802. He was eccentric and eventually became insane, 
 after which he removed to the West. He appeared in 
 St. Louis and did some painting while there. He reap- 
 peared in Connecticut as a "weather-beaten wanderer." 
 Thereafter he moved to Pittsburg, Penn., where he 
 died in 1873 or 74. 
 
 1. Portrait of a Gentleman, 2 7 /s x 2 V2. Water-color. On 
 paper. Mr. F. Fairchild Sherman. 
 
 2. Portrait of a Lady, 2 7 /s x 2 l / 2 . Water-color. On paper. 
 
 Mr. F. Fairchild Sherman. 
 
 EMMONS, Alexander H. 
 
 b. December I2 y /8/6, East Haddam, Conn.; d. after 1879. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Emmons started as a painter of miniatures on bristol 
 board in Norwich. About 1849 ne painted portraits 
 
 Ellsworth — Emmons: 48 
 
 47
 
 in Hartford and about 1848 settled in Norwich. He 
 travelled for a period in Europe. 
 
 In P. K. Kilbourne's Biographical History of the 
 County of Litchfield, Conn., New York, 1851, there is 
 an engraving by D. C. Hinman of a portrait of Nath- 
 aniel W. Taylor by Emmons. 
 
 1. Master Reed. 4x3. Water-color. On paper. 
 
 Mr. F. Fairchild Sherman. 
 EVANS, John T. 
 
 Flourished 1809, Philadelphia. 
 
 Landscape and miniature painter in water-color. 
 
 He exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy both 
 miniatures and scenes in water-color made during his 
 visits to Ireland and England. He may have been the 
 same as John Evans listed as a glazier, sign painter and 
 fanlight maker in the Philadelphia directories from 1807 
 to 1 821, the only John Evans mentioned. 
 
 EVERS, John 
 
 b. August //, 1797, Newton , L. I.; d. May j>, 1884, 
 
 Hempstead^ L. I. 
 Miniaturist and painter of theatre scenery. 
 
 Evers worked at the Park Theatre and studied scene 
 painting with Hugh Reinagle under J. J. Holland. In 
 his earlier days he painted a number of miniatures on 
 bristol board. He also painted river scenes and land- 
 scapes. He moved to Hempstead in 1865. He was 
 one of the founders of the National Academy of Design. 
 
 FAIRCHILD, Louis 
 
 b. 1800 Farmington, Conn.; still living in A T . Y. 1840. 
 Engraver and miniature painter. 
 
 Louis Fairchild studied under Asaph Willard as an 
 
 Evans — Fairchild: 49 
 
 48
 
 engraver and helped support himself during this time 
 painting miniatures. 
 
 FANSHAW, Samuel Raymond 
 
 b. December 21, 1S14, New York; d. there, December 15, 
 1888. Miniature painter. 
 
 Fanshaw exhibited a number of miniatures at the 
 National Academy exhibitions from 184I to 1847. He 
 was made an Associate N.A. in 1881. 
 1-6. "A Frame of Six Miniatures." 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, 1847. 
 
 7. Mr. George Clark. Exhibition, Newport, R. I. 1890. 
 
 8. Mrs. George Clark. Exhibition, Newport, R. I. 1890. 
 
 FETTE, Henry Gerhard 
 
 Flourished 1842-18// in Boston. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 From 1842 to 1847 Henry G. Fette is listed in the 
 Boston directories as a miniature painter and after that 
 time as a portrait painter. 
 
 1. F. C. Groger. 
 
 2. Baron von Cronstern, Jr. 
 
 FIELD, Robert 
 
 b. before 1794, Gloucester, England; d. August 9, 1819, 
 
 Jamaica, West Indies. 
 Stipple engraver and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 Nothing is known of Robert Field's life, beyond the 
 fact that he was born in Gloucester and lived in Lon- 
 don, until 1794, when we learn that in April he sailed 
 on the ship " Republic" bound for Baltimore and 
 painted the captain's portrait in miniature at sea- 
 
 Fanshaw — Field: 50 
 49
 
 He was in New York the same year. In January 1795 
 he went to Philadelphia and made miniature copies 
 of oil paintings. He painted an oil portrait of Charles 
 Carroll that may be assigned to this period. Be- 
 sides miniature copies he painted original miniatures 
 at this time and also was busy at engraving. Of the 
 engravings one was for an American edition of Shakes- 
 peare's works — a portrait of Shakespeare from the 
 "Chandos" picture; another was after Walter Robert- 
 son's miniature of Washington. Concerning the matter 
 of Robertson's miniature Field wrote to Robert Gilmor 
 of Baltimore and a portion of the letter is quoted by 
 W. S. Baker in his "Engraved Portraits of Washing- 
 ton." During 1795 he visited Mt. Vernon and made 
 sketches of Washington and Mrs. Washington. Tradi- 
 tion records the "pious theft" by Field of one of the 
 buttons from Washington's old army coat. Rembrandt 
 Peale in a letter tells an amusing incident of Field and 
 himself at Centreville, Maryland, about 1798. Field 
 moved to Boston in 1805 where he was constantly 
 occupied and frequented the circle that gathered at the 
 home of Andrew Allen the British Consul. He made at 
 least two engravings while he was in Boston, one of 
 Trumbull's "Hamilton" in 1806 and another of 
 Stuart's "Jefferson" in 1807. About May, 1808 he 
 took passage to Halifax, Nova Scotia acting on the 
 advice of the governor, Sir John Wentworth, and 
 advertised in the "Royal Gazette" for June: "Robert 
 Field at Alexander Morrison's, bookseller, intends, 
 during his residence in Halifax, to exercise his profession 
 as portrait painter in oil and water color, and in minia- 
 
 Field — Continued: 51 
 5°
 
 ture, where specimens of his painting may be seen and 
 his terms made known." Among his first commissions 
 were portraits of the members of the "Rockingham 
 Club," later hung on the walls of the "Rockingham 
 Inn," where the club had its rooms. Some of his Hali- 
 fax portraits were of Sir George Prevost, Sir John 
 Sherbrooke, William Bowie, Dr. John Haliburton, and 
 Bishop Inglis. The latter is now in the National 
 Portrait Gallery in London. "Tradition in Halifax," 
 writes Mr. Harry Piers," states that he was somewhat 
 of a dandy and wore Hessian boots, with tassels at the 
 top." He did not, as Rembrandt Peale says, go into 
 the ministry. He returned to England in 1818, exhibited 
 as a "portrait painter of Halifax," at the Royal 
 Academy and sailed the next year for Jamaica. In the 
 Nova Scotia "Royal Gazette" for September 15, 18 19, 
 is the following notice: "Died at Jamaica August 9th, 
 Robert Field Esq., an Eminent Artist very much re- 
 gretted." 
 
 Robert Field stands in the first rank of the early 
 American miniature painters. An excellent account of 
 the artist is given in Mr. Harry Piers' paper in volume 
 18 of the "Nova Scotia Historical Society Collections." 
 
 1. Mrs. Allen of Boston. 
 
 2. John Brown. Possibly by Field. Reproduced in 
 C. W. Bowen's: "Centennial of the Inauguration of 
 Washington." Mrs. J. M. Brown, 1892. 
 
 3. Mrs. Samuel Chase. Reproduced in Dunlap: "His- 
 tory," 1918 edition. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 4. Henrietta Maria Hemsley Earle. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Johnson. 
 Field — Continued: 52 
 51
 
 5. Dr. James Sergeant Ewing. 1798. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 6. Captain Nicholas Hill, 1792-1870. Painted in 1817. 
 Reproduced in "N. S. Hist. Society Collections" v. 18. 
 
 Miss G. Hill, Vancouver, B. C. 
 
 7. Dr. Matthias Hoffman. Mrs. S. Creed, formerly 
 
 of Halifax, now in England. 
 
 8. Benjamin Stoddert. 3^x2^. Signed R. F. 
 
 Mrs. Campbell Brown, Spring Hill, Tenn. 
 
 A replica by Miss Bertha E. Perrie is owned by 
 
 Mrs. Claire Addison, Washington, D. C. 
 
 9. Mrs. Thornton of Washington. 
 
 10. George Washington. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 11. George Washington. 3^x2^. After Stuart. 
 
 Mrs. L. L. Eyre, Philadelphia, 1892. 
 
 12. George Washington. After Stuart. Mr. H. L. Pratt. 
 
 13. George Washington, 1798. 
 
 Lawrence L. Conrad, Baltimore, 1881. 
 
 14. George Washington. Inscription on satin lining: "Pre- 
 sented to T. Lear by his friend Mrs. Washington, 
 1 801." Mr. Charles A. Munn, N. Y. 
 
 15. George Washington. Presented by Judge Bushrod 
 Washington through the intermediation of Lafayette, 
 to Simon Bolivar in 1825. In 1881 it was in Bolivia. 
 
 16. William Clifton. Engraved by Edwin. 
 
 17. J. E. Harwood. Engraved by Edwin. 
 
 18. Martha W 7 ashinton. 
 
 Mrs. B. W. Kennon, Washington, D. C, 1897. 
 
 19. Martha Washington. 
 
 Mrs. F. T. Moorhead, Allegheny, Pa. 1897. 
 
 20. Thomas Jefferson. After Stuart. Engraved by Long- 
 acre. 
 
 Field — Continued: 53 
 5 2
 
 21. Charles Carroll. Engraved by Longacre. 
 
 22. Mr. Gallego. Sully made a portrait of "Mr. Gallego, 
 from a drawing by Field." 
 
 FINN, Henry J. 
 
 b. 1782, New York; d. Jan. 13, 1840, Long Island Sound. 
 Lawyer, actor, author and miniature painter. 
 
 Henry J. Finn studied law in New York but made 
 brief appearances on the stage even during his student 
 days. He then toured the English provinces with a 
 company of strolling players until 181 1 when he acted 
 in Montreal for a season. From 181 8 to 1820 he was on 
 the staff of the "Atlanta Georgian" as a writer. In 
 1 821 he was again in London this time painting mina- 
 tures. About 1822 he sailed for Boston, resumed his 
 stage career, became a successful comedian and toured 
 the states. He perished in a boat disaster on Long 
 Island Sound. 
 
 FLAGG JR., Josiah 
 Flourished 1783, Boston. 
 
 Josiah Flagg advertised in the "Boston Gazette," 
 Feb. 10, 1783, the "copying of Miniature Painting in 
 Hair." 
 
 FLORIMONT, Austin 
 
 Flourished 1781, Philadelphia. 
 
 Portrait draughtsman in crayon and miniature painter. 
 
 FOLSOM, Mrs. C. A. 
 
 Flourished 1837-1838, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Finn — Folsom: £4 
 
 53
 
 FOLYVELL, Samuel 
 
 b. about 1765; d. November 26, 181J, Pa. 
 
 Silhouettist and miniature painter. 
 
 Samuel Folwell was in New York in 1790. About 
 1792 he was making bookplates in Xew Hampshire. 
 In 1798 he moved to Philadelphia. His silhouette of 
 Washington painted on card in 1791 was in the posses- 
 sion of Francis Wellesley, Esq., England. 
 
 1. John Jones, M.D., 1791 . N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 1. George Washington. 
 
 Inscribed: "Presented to James Henry Stevens, Esq., by 
 his friend Col. William Washington, Sept. 9th 1800. Said 
 to be a correct likeness taken from life of his Excellence 
 Genl. Geo. Washington, first President, United States 
 of America." below: "S. Folwel-Pixet. 
 
 1795 — Done 1795." 
 
 FOULIS, R. 
 
 Flourished i8ig, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 R. Foulis worked first in Edinburgh and London; 
 
 and came to Halifax about 1819. While in Halifax he 
 
 started a drawing school. 
 
 FRASER, Charles 
 
 b. Aug. 20, 1782, Charleston, S. C; d. there, Oct. /J, i860. 
 Portrait painter in miniature and oils. 
 
 About 1792 Charles Fraser entered Charleston Col- 
 lege and his first miniature dates from this early period. 
 The next year he had as a school companion, Thomas 
 Sully then recently from England. He lost his father 
 when he was nine and his guardians trained him for the 
 law. With a bitterness otherwise foreign to his nature 
 
 Folwell — Fraser: 5$ 
 54
 
 he wrote, in later years: "This unfortunate error by 
 which the destiny of my life was directed, or rather mis- 
 directed, will ever be, as it has always been, a source of 
 regret to me." Upon his graduation in 1798 he entered 
 a law office and remained until 1800, his spare moments 
 devoted to painting. In that year he met Edward Mal- 
 bone, and Washington Allston. Probably encouraged 
 by their example he devoted his entire time to art but 
 gave up in disappointment after three years and again 
 took to the study of law. He was admitted to the bar 
 in 1807. In eleven years he accumulated a competence, 
 shook off the dust of the law courts and at the advanced 
 age of thirty-eight became an artist. His lack of early 
 training prevented his becoming a portrait painter in 
 oils of any distinction, although Gilbert Stuart said to 
 him in Boston: "Young man, I am approaching the 
 termination of my career. But when I cease from work, 
 whatever rank may be assigned me, I see by that por- 
 trait, there will be a man to fill my place." His work is 
 almost entirely in miniature. A few short trips to New 
 England, to New York and to Columbia, South Caro- 
 lina were almost the only interruptions to his quiet life 
 spent in Charleston. During Lafayette's visit to 
 Charleston in 1825 he was chosen by the city to paint 
 the portrait of the famous Frenchman. He was a mem- 
 ber of several clubs among them the "Conversation 
 Club" for which he wrote his "Reminiscences," which 
 should be republished, and the "Mutton Chop Club," a 
 favorite rendezvous of General Pinckney. In 1857 
 admiration for the man as well as for his work led a 
 number of prominent men to collect his paintings to 
 
 Frazer — Continued: $6 
 55
 
 an exhibition which showed 313 miniatures. . 
 
 ^sandman) sketches, rhe catal ; that 
 
 d sp -- st '.. basis I I u appc rw gister. 
 
 Charles Fraser was the only miniature painter wh< s< 
 work in quality and number reached that of Edward 
 Malb ne. His miniatures frequently ris< I v the height 
 
 • th s< ' [lis end and will become more and more 
 
 - light • r by the public galleries as the) are brought 
 
 ight from the private collections into which they 
 
 ginally found their way. His later miniatures are 
 
 larger than his earlier ones and generally rectangular 
 
 in shape. An excellent article on Charles Fraser by 
 
 Miss Alice K. 11. Smith in " \rt in Ameru June, 
 
 1915J is illustrated with a -.umber of examples of his 
 
 work. 
 
 1. Reverend Jasper Adams, President of Charleston 
 
 College . 
 :. James Adgt r, [84 , 
 
 3. Mrs. J ames Adg< r, - 3 .. 
 
 4. Mrs. 1 . B. Adg 
 
 ;. Mrs. Charlotte Anne Allston. 
 
 Mrs. \ an der Horst, Charleston, S. C, i>. 
 . Benjamin Allston. 
 7. Colonel William Alston, aid to Marion, after Morse- 
 
 1839, 
 s . Colonel William Alston. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, [90a. 
 9, Mrs. William Alston, formerly Miss Morte, after 
 
 Morse, 1839. 
 ro. Mrs. William Alston. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 57
 
 j i. Mrs. Alston, mother of Governor J<. F. W. Alston. 
 12. Miss Amelia Annesley, I 9. 
 1.3. Joseph S. Barker, 1 
 
 Mr. J. Heyward, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 14. Mrs. Jo .';4i S. Barker. 
 
 Mr. J. H< yward, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 15. George Barksdale, infant of Mrs. Barksdale. 
 [6. Mrs. Bark dale, sister of James is. hdwards. 
 
 17. Henry Bailey, Attorrn ;. General, S. C. 
 
 i . Major 1 Jenry H. Bacot. 
 
 \<j. T. W. Bacot, Firsl Po tmaster of Charleston, appointed 
 
 by Washington, 1 818. 
 20. Mrs. K. I.. Baker, 1825. 
 2;. Isaac Ball, 1826. 
 
 The Misses Ball, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 22. Keating S. Ball. 
 
 Miss Anne S. Deas, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 23. Miss Ball, 1825. 
 
 24. Honorable Elihu Bay. 1837. Judge. 
 
 25. Allard Belin. 
 
 26. Miss Js. Belin. 
 
 27. W. C. Bee. 
 
 28. Mrs. Bentley, Edinburgh. Copy. 
 
 29. William Blair, 1834. 
 
 30. Mrs. Blamyer. 
 
 31. William Branford, grandfather of E. Horry. 
 
 Dr. F. I.. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 32. Mrs. William Branford. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 22- George S. Bryan. 
 
 Miss R. M. Bryan, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 J'Vaser — Continued: 58 
 57
 
 34- Honorable W. Zard Bull, as a child. 
 3$. Honorable W. Zard Bull, Senator, S. C. 
 
 36. Miss Campbell, 1800. 
 
 37. Miss Campbell, later Mrs. King, 1826. 
 
 38. Mrs. Campbell, 1826. 
 
 39. Dr. I. M. Campbell, 1819. 
 
 40. James Campbell, son of J. B. Campbell, 1845. 
 
 41. Celia Campbell, daughter of J. B. Campbell, 1845. 
 
 42. James B. Campbell. 
 
 43. Mary Bennet Campbell, daughter of J. B. Campbell, 
 1845. 
 
 44. Robert Caldwell, 1843. 
 
 45. Hon. Langdon Cheves, 181 9. Speaker U. S. H. R. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost. 
 
 46. Hon. Langdon Cheves, 1819. 
 
 Mrs. A. T. Smythe, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 47. John M. Chisholm, 1835. 
 
 48. Thomas B. Clarkson. 
 
 Miss May Simons, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 49. Mrs. Thomas B. Clarkson. 
 
 Miss May Simons, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 50. Thomas Cochran. 
 
 51. John S. Cogdell, 1841. Artist. 
 
 52. R. W. Cogdell. 
 
 53. Miss Lucretia Cohen, later Mrs. Mordecai, 1834. 
 
 54. Octavius Cohen, 1836. 
 $$. Dr. Amory Coffin. 
 
 $6. Judge Colcock. 
 
 57. Judge Colcock, 181 8. Duplicate. 
 
 58. Mrs. W. A. Colcock, 181 8. 
 
 59. Mrs. I. Course, 1834. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 59 
 58
 
 o 
 
 s' w 2 
 
 > 
 7) 
 
 J. E M 
 ^ ~ *7 
 
 ^ s 3 
 
 ^ o 
 
 a 
 s 
 
 n 
 
 to. 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 n 
 
 
 1* 
 
 M 
 
 O 
 
 
 m 
 
 > 
 
 * 
 
 *d 
 
 > 
 
 w 
 
 m 
 
 H 
 H 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 n 
 o 
 
 Z 
 
 H 
 
 O 
 
 3
 
 60. Lewis Cruger. 
 
 61. James Creighton. 
 
 62. Mrs. George Cuthbert. 
 
 63. General James Cuthbert. 
 
 64. Rev. Frederick Dalcho, Editor ''Charleston Courier." 
 
 Engraved by A. B. Durand. 
 
 65. Col. F. W. Davie, 1835. 
 
 66. Mrs. F. W. Davie, 1834. 
 
 67. General Davie 1835. Envoy to France. After Van- 
 derlyn. 
 
 68. John Dawson, 1829. 
 
 69. John Dawson, Jr., 1829. 
 
 70. Ann Deas, as a child. 
 
 Miss A. Deas, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 71. Mrs. E. H. Deas, wife of Dr. E. H. Deas. 
 
 72. Honorable Henry Deas. President S. C. Senate. 
 
 Miss A. Deas, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 73. Thomas H. Deas, 1822. 
 
 74. H. W. De Saussure, Director U. S. Mint, Chancellor 
 of S. C, 1818. 
 
 75. H. W. De Saussure, 1844. Duplicate. 
 
 76. H. W. De Saussure, 1834. Triplicate. 
 
 77. Mrs. John M. De Saussure, 181 8. 
 
 78. Henry de Forrest De Vereaux. 2 3 / 4 x2 3 /ie- 
 
 Boston Museum. 
 
 79. Mrs. Dr. Dickson. Copy after Mrs. Bounetheau. 
 
 80. Colonel William Drayton. About 1829. 
 
 Miss E. D. Taylor, Pa., 1898. 
 
 81. Charles Edmonston, 1831. 
 
 82. Mrs. Charles Edmonston, 1825. 
 
 83. L. A. Edmonston, 1830. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 60 
 59
 
 84. James F. Edwards. 
 
 85. James F. Edwards. Duplicate. 
 
 86. Major G. W. Egleston, 1834. 
 
 87. George Edwards, 1824. 
 
 88. Stephen Elliott, LL.D. Naturalist. 1822. 
 
 89. Right Reverend Stephen Elliott, Bishop of Georgia. 
 
 90. Miss E. S. Faber, later Mrs. B. G. Wilkins. 1846. 
 
 91. Henry F. Faber, 1837. 
 
 92. James Fay. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 93. Lord Edward Fitzgerald. After a print. 
 
 Mr. Middleton, 1857. 
 
 94. James Fisher. 
 
 95. Mary Theodosia Ford. About 1829. 
 
 Miss Emma Ravenel, 1898. 
 
 96. Charles Fraser, 1800. 
 
 Mrs. J. Alwyn Ball, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 97. Charles Fraser, 1823. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 98. Frederick Fraser. 
 
 Mrs. J. Alwyn Ball, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 99. Frederick Fraser, 18 10. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 100. Frederick Grimke Fraser. 
 
 Mrs. J. Alwayn Ball, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 101. Frederick Grimke Fraser, 1852. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 102. Clara Fraser as a child. Later Mrs. Herbemont. 
 
 103. Mrs. Mary Fraser, 1841. 
 
 104. Timothy Ford, 181 8. 
 
 105. Jacob Ford, 1829. 
 
 106. Miss Ford, 1838. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 61 
 
 60
 
 07. Honorable E. Frost, Judge, S. C. 1843. 
 
 08. B. Gaillard, 181 8. 
 
 09. Sextus T. Gaillard. 
 
 10. James H. Gager, 1839. 
 
 11. Major Alexander Garden, 1 81 8. Officer in Lee's Legion. 
 
 12. Major Alexander Garden, 1839. Duplicate. 
 
 13. Henry G. Ives Garden, as boy of six, painted from 
 memory. 
 
 14. Mrs. Yancy Gray, 1842. 
 
 15. James W. Gray, 1838. 
 
 16. Mrs. James W. Gray, 1843. 
 
 17. General Christopher Gadsen. After Peale. 
 
 18. Reverend Christopher Gadsen, Bishop, S. C. 
 
 19. General James Gadsen. Envoy to Mexico, son of 
 Philip. 
 
 20. General James Gadsen. Duplicate. 
 
 21. Mrs. James Gadsen, nee Hort. 
 
 22. John Gadsen, son of Philip, 1821. 
 
 Mrs. J. Gadsen, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 23. John Gadsen. Duplicate. 
 
 24. Philip Gadsen. Also attributed to Malbone. Son of 
 General C. Gadsen. Duplicate. 
 
 25. Philip Gadsen. Also attributed to Malbone. 
 
 Mrs. J. Gadsen, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 26. Robert Reeves Gibbs, 1830. 
 
 27. Mrs. W. H. Gibbs, 1836. 
 
 Miss S. R. Wilson, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 28. William Hasell Gibbes, 1836. Master in Equity, 1830. 
 
 Miss S. R. Wilson, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 29. Dr. R. W. Gibbes, Columbia, S. C, 1829. 
 
 30. Hon. R. B. Gilchrist, 1841. Judge U. S. Court. 
 
 Eraser — Continued: 61 
 61
 
 iji. Reverend Alexander Glennie. 
 
 Mrs. Glennie, Charleston. 
 
 132. Dr. Joseph Glover, 1818. 
 
 133. Mrs. Joseph Glover, 181S. 
 
 134. James Gourdin. Rectangular. Signed: "C. Fraser, 
 Charleston, July 1824." 3 ; 4 x 4^. Mr. Herbert 
 L. Pratt. 
 
 135. Theodore Gourdin. 
 
 136. Mrs. Theodore Gourdin, 1S26. 
 
 Mrs. \Y De Saussure, Charleston. 
 
 137. Mrs. John Gravson. 
 
 138. Honorable Thomas S. Grimke. State Senator, S. C. 
 
 139. Major Elnathan Haskell, Officer Revolutionarv Army. 
 
 140. Lady Hamilton. After Romnev. 
 
 A. M. Manigault, Charleston, 1857. 
 
 141. Harriet Hampton. About 1847. 5^x4^. 
 
 Mr. R. P. Tolman, Washington, D. C. 
 
 142. General Robert Y. Hayne. 1827. Governor; U. S. 
 Senator. 
 
 143. General James Hamilton. 1835. M. C. and Governor of 
 S. C. 
 
 144. A. H. Hayden, 1842. 
 
 145. H. S. Hayden, 1838. 
 
 146. Mr. Heywood. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 147. Nathaniel Heyward, 1829. 
 
 Mr. J. Heyward, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 148. Nathaniel Heyward. 
 
 Mr. J. Heyward, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 1 49. Nathaniel Heyward. 
 
 Miss Marie Heyward, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 150. William Heyward, 1837. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 63 
 62
 
 3 •* 
 
 *> — 5 
 
 ~ i. t 
 
 % I 2 
 
 7 I § 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 /"* 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • - 
 
 
 
 
 si 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ba* 
 
 — 
 
 
 •*-» 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 p 
 
 
 «-• 
 
 a- 
 
 
 C/J 
 
 
 
 
 — . 
 
 s* 
 
 ~ 
 
 •^■, 
 
 •> 
 
 /
 
 151. William Heyward, Prince William's Parish, copy. 
 
 152. William Manigault Heywood. After Malbone. 4x3^. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 153. Mrs. W 7 m. E. Haskell (1810-1841). Painted in 1838. 
 
 154. Elias Horry the Huguenot (1664-1736). Copy. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 155. Colonel Elias Horry, son of foregoing. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 156. Elias Horry, son of Thomas Horry. Engraved by 
 Longacre. Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 157. Mrs. Elias Horry, daughter of Thomas Horry. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 158. Colonel Peter Horry, cousin of Thomas Horry. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 159. Thomas Horry, grandson of the Huguenot. 
 
 Dr. F. L. Frost, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 160. J. R. Horsey, 1839. 
 
 161. Mrs. Horsey. 
 
 162. Colonel Paul Hamilton. 
 
 163. Colonel Francis Kinlock Huger. 1825. Adj. Gen'l. 
 War of 1 81 2. 
 
 164. John Huger. 
 
 165. Dr. Benjamin Huger. 
 
 166. Alfred Huger. 1820. Post Master, Charleston. 
 
 167. John Hume. 1822. Aid to Marion. 
 
 Mr. W. Simons, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 168. John Hume. 1841. Duplicate. 
 
 Mr. T. G. Simons, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 169. John Hume. After Fraser. 
 
 Miss C. Jervey, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 170. Captain Duncan N. Ingraham, U. S. N., 1830. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 64 
 63
 
 171. Mrs. Ingraham, 1830. 
 
 172. Micah Jenkins, 1825. 
 
 173. James Jervey, 181 8. 
 
 174. Dr. Joseph Johnson, author of "Revolutionary Remin- 
 iscences," etc. 
 
 175. William E. Johnson, 1823. 
 
 176. Andrew Johnstone, 1826. 
 
 177. Mrs. Johnstone. 
 
 178. Edward Jones. 
 
 179. Reverend A. C. Kaufman, 1837. 
 
 180. T. J. Kerr, 1826. 
 
 181. Honorable Mitchell King, 1826. 
 
 182. Mrs. Mitchell King, 1826. 
 
 Major T. G. Barker, Charleston. 
 
 183. Lafayette, 1825. The City of Charleston. 
 
 184. Lafayette, 1825. Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey, N. Y., 1920. 
 
 185. Mrs. Laborde, 1838. 
 
 186. James H. Ladson, 1826. 3^ x 3 j^ oval. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 187. Mrs. James H. Ladson, 1826. 
 
 Miss Isabel Ladson, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 188. Mrs. James H. Ladson at the age of 16. 
 
 Miss Isabel Ladson, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 189. Mrs. M. Horry Laurens, 1830. 
 
 190. Mrs. Henry Laurens, daughter of Chief Justice Rut- 
 ledge. 
 
 191. John B. Laurens, 1818. 
 
 192. Mrs. James Lamb, 1834. 
 
 193. Mrs. Paul S. H. Lee, nee Van Rhyn. 
 
 194. T. Marchant Legare. 
 
 Mrs. Gadsen King, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 65 
 64
 
 195- William Seabrook Legare. 
 
 196. Dr. Le Seigneur. "Engraved from Mr. Fraser's minia- 
 ture." 1834. 
 
 197. Mrs. J. C. Levy, 1824. 
 
 198. John W. Lewis. 
 
 199. Honorable Robert H. McCarter of New Jersey, 1845. 
 
 200. James J. McCarter, 1828. 
 
 201. Mrs. W. Mayrant, 1842. 
 
 Miss K. Simons, Charleston. 
 
 202. Samuel Mayrant, 1839. 
 
 203. S. Mayrant, 1834. 
 
 204. Colonel James Elliott McPherson, 181 8. 
 
 205. Master Isaac O'Brian Smith McPherson, 1823. 
 
 206. Master J. W. McPherson, 1823. 
 
 207. General McPherson. x^fter Malbone, 181 8. 
 
 208. H. B. Mazyck, 1826. 
 
 209. Mrs. H. B. Mazyck, 1826. 
 
 Miss S. G. Mazyck, Charleston. 
 
 210. Mrs. Charles Miot, 1830. 
 
 211. Thomas Middleton in costume. 
 
 212. Andrew Moffett, 1849. 
 
 213. S. P. Monk, 1830. 
 
 214. Mrs. Moodie, 1830. 
 
 215. Dr. Edward Mitchell. 
 
 Mr. G. S. Holmes, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 216. General William Moultrie, 1802. 
 
 Dr. James Moultrie, 1857. 
 
 217. Napoleon. Copy, 1830. 
 
 Hon. R. C. Winthrop, Boston, 1857. 
 
 218. Mrs. Nelson, 1833. 
 
 219. Dr. North. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 66 
 
 65
 
 220. Dr. Edward W. North, 1829. 
 
 221. Henry Ogden. Mr. H. DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 222. Mrs. E. Patton, 1836. 
 
 223. H. W. Peronneau, 1842. 
 
 224. Captain Thomas Petigru. 
 
 225. James L. Petigru, LL.D. 1834. 
 
 226. James L. Petigru, LL.D. 181 8. 
 
 227. Mrs. James L. Petigru, 1820. 
 
 228. William Petigru. Oval. 3HX3X. Mr. Herbert L. 
 Pratt. 
 
 229. Daniel O'Hara. From memory. 
 
 230. General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Indian ink 
 drawing. 
 
 231. General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 1823. 
 
 Mrs. Thomas Pinckney. 
 
 232. Colonel R. R. Pinckney. 
 
 233. Mrs. R. Q. Pinckney. 
 
 234. Joel R. Poinsett, M. C. Secretary of War, Minister to 
 Mexico. 
 
 235. Mrs. Porcher, 1839. 
 
 236. John Julius Pringle, Attorney General. 
 
 Mr. D. E. Huger, Charleston, S. C, 1920. 
 
 237. John Julius Pringle, 1803. Duplicate. 
 
 238. John Julius Pringle, Jr. 1803. Miss R. Pringle. 
 
 239. J. McPherson Pringle, 1834. 
 
 240. Colonel James R. Pringle, President S. C. Senate. 
 
 241. Robert Pringle, the emigrant. Copy, 1845. 
 
 Miss S. Pringle. 
 
 242. Miss Rosa Pringle, 1839. 
 
 Miss R. Pringle, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 243. Mrs. W 7 illiam Pringle. 
 
 Miss S. Pringle, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 67 
 66
 
 244- Captain John Pratt, 1831. 
 
 245. William D. Porter, S. C. Senator, 1838. 
 
 246. Mrs. Samuel Prioleau, 181 8. 
 
 Miss C. P. Ravenel, Charleston, S. C.,1902. 
 
 247. Mrs. Samuel Prioleau, 1818. Copy. 
 
 248. Mrs. Samuel Prioleau, 181 8. Copy. 
 
 249. Dr. T. G. Prioleau, S. C. Medical College. 1835. 
 
 250. John Pyatt. 
 
 251. Mrs. Martha Pyatt. 
 
 252. Dr. Alfred Raoul. 
 
 253. Mrs. Raoul, 1836. 
 
 254. Alexander Robertson, 1 841. 
 
 255. Mrs. W. Robertson, 1831. 
 
 The Misses Blacklock, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 256. Arthur G. Rose, 1840. 
 
 257. Hugh Rose, 1826. 
 
 258. Dr. James Read. Copy. 
 
 259. Dr. William Read, of the Revolutionary Army. 1824. 
 
 260. Mrs. T. M. Rhett, Beaufort, S. C. 
 
 261. Colonel William Rhett, 1845. Copy. 
 
 262. Charles E. Roward. 
 
 263. R. W. Roper. 
 
 264. Mrs. Catherine Ravenel, 1838. 
 
 265. Daniel Ravenel, 1839. 
 
 266. Henry Ravenel, 1820. 
 
 267. Nathaniel Russell. Fraser's first professional miniature, 
 1818. 
 
 268. Mrs. Frederick Rutledge, 1852. 
 
 Mrs. St. Julien Ravenel, 1902. 
 
 269. Master States Rutledge. Fraser's first miniature, 1792. 
 
 270. Mrs. Frederick Rutledge, 1849. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 68 
 67
 
 271. General John Rutledge, 1849. 
 
 272. General John Rutledge. Copy. 
 
 273. Chief Justice Rutledge. Copy after Trumbull, 181 8. 
 
 274. E. C. Rutledge, U. S. N. 181 8. 
 
 Mrs. St. Julien Ravenel, 1902. 
 
 275. Colonel E. M. Seabrook. 
 
 276. Captain Shubrick, brother of the ancestor of the present 
 family. 
 
 277. Mr. Shubrick, son of the ancestor of the present family. 
 
 278. Colonel Thomas Shubrick, son of the above. 
 
 279. Mrs. Shubrick, wife of Thomas Shubrick. 
 
 280. Dr. B. B. Simons. 
 
 281. Harris Simons, 1830. 
 
 282. Mrs. Harris Simons. 
 
 283. Keating Simons, 181 8. Aid to Marion. 
 
 Miss K. Simons, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 284. Keating Simons, duplicate. 
 
 285. Thomas Grange Simons, 1845. 
 
 286. Mrs. T. Y. Simons. 
 
 287. Mrs. James Smith. 
 
 288. Right Reverend Robert Smith. After Earle. 
 
 289. John Martin Smith, Florida, 1837. 
 
 290. John Smythe, 1824. 
 
 291. Reverend Charles Blair Snowden. 
 
 Mrs. Yates Snowden, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 292. John Jacob Snell. Mr. Herbert DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 293. Master Toomer. . 
 
 294. Joshua W. Toomer, 181 8. 
 
 295. Miss Eliza Taylor. 
 
 296. Mrs. Paul Trapier. 
 
 Mrs. S. Martin, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 69 
 68
 
 297- Ann T. Trapier, as a child. 
 
 298. Mrs. Lewis Trapman, 1822. 
 
 299. Mrs. Paul Trenholm. 
 
 300. Edward Trescott. 
 
 301. Mrs. Edward Trescott, 1821. 
 
 302. Henry Trescott, 1822. 
 
 303. Mrs. Henry Trescott, 1821. 
 
 304. Robert J. Turnbull. Copy. 
 
 305. Robert J. Turnbull. 
 
 306. Charles H. Tunis, 1826. 
 
 307. Stephen Van Rensselaer. Engraved by G. Parker. 
 
 308. Governor Arnoldus Van der Horst, 1841. 
 
 309. General A. Van der Horst. 
 
 Mrs. Van der Horst, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 310. Colonel J. J. Ward of Waccamaw, first to grow big 
 grain. 
 
 311. Mrs. J. D. Ward. 
 
 312. Reverend Joseph Walker, 1845. 
 
 313. George Washington. From memory. Ink. 
 
 Mrs. Stock, 1857. 
 
 314. George Washington. From memory. 
 
 Charles Manigault, 1857. 
 
 315. Honorable William Waters, Judge S. C, 181 8. 
 
 316. Mrs. Wilkes, 181 8. 
 
 317. Mrs. Allston White. Mrs. T. S. Grimke. 
 
 318. John Blake White, author, lawyer and artist. 
 
 319. Plowden Weston, 1738-1827. 
 
 320. A. S. Willington, Editor, "Charleston Courier," 1834. 
 
 321. C. Williman, Jr. 
 
 322. James M. Wilson. 
 
 Reverend R. Wilson, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 Fraser — Continued: 70 
 69
 
 -> -* 
 
 Dr. Samuel Wilson. 
 
 324. Miss Maria L. Whitridge, later Mrs. Frothingham, 
 Boston. 
 
 325. J. Bowdoin Winthrop, second son of Governor Winthrop. 
 
 326. Joseph Winthrop, 1826. 
 
 327. Joseph Winthrop, copy. 
 
 Miss Carolyn Winthrop, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 328. Charles Winthrop, 1 82-. 
 
 329. Miss Mary Winthrop. 
 
 330. Miss Jane Winthrop, 1S02. 
 
 Miss Carolyn Winthrop, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 331. Alice Belin Flagg. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 332. Paul Weston. 
 
 333. Dr. Elisha Poinsett. Attributed to Fraser. 
 
 334. Mary Shubrick Horrev. Engraved by Longacre. 
 
 335. David Ramsav. "Engraved by J. B. Longacre from 
 the drawing by C. Frazer [sic] after a painting by C. 
 W. Peale." Longacre's "National Portrait Gallery." 
 
 336. Mrs. Wade Hampton (b. 1818-d. about 1858). 3H x 
 2^s. Mr. R. P. Tolman, Washington, D. C. 
 
 337. Captain Charles Bertody. 3- : 4 x 3. Formerly owned 
 bv Mrs. Howard Bertodv. 
 
 FREEMAN, George 
 
 b. April 21 ', f~S~, Spring Hill, Conn.; d. March. 7, 1868, 
 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 Miniature painter on porcelain and ivory. 
 
 George Freeman's miniatures are generally cabinet 
 size. From 18 13-1837 he was in Paris and London. 
 While in London he painted portraits of Queen Victoria 
 and Prince Albert. 
 
 Freeman: ~i 
 70
 
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 1. James Brown. N. A. Exhibition, 1844. 
 
 2. Mrs. James Brown. N. A. Exhibition, 1844. 
 
 3. Nicholas Biddle. 7^ x 5. 1838. 
 
 Mr. Edward Biddle, Pa. 
 
 4. Mrs. Nicholas Biddle. 3^x2^. 1838. 
 
 Mr. Edward Biddle, Pa. 
 
 5. Mrs. John Butler. Miss A. Biddle, Pa., 1898. 
 
 6. Mrs. J. C. Craig, nee Sarmiento. 3^x3. 
 
 Mr. E. Biddle, Pa. 
 
 7. Mrs. Sigourney, 18 10. Engraved by F. E. Jones. 
 
 8. President Tyler. N. A. Exhibition, 1844. 
 
 9. Mrs. J. W. Wallace. Mrs. J. W. Wallace, Pa., 1 898. 
 
 10. Dorothy Francis Willing. 
 
 11. Miniature of a Child. N. A. Exhibition, 1842. 
 
 FROTHINGHAM, Miss Sarah C. 
 
 b. 182 1 ; d. July 20 , /S61, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Sarah Frothingham exhibited miniatures at the 
 National Academy Exhibition during 1 838-1 842. She 
 was the daughter of James Frothingham, N. A. 
 
 FULTON, Robert 
 
 b. November 14, 1765, Little Britain, Penn.; d. February 
 
 23, /<S/5> New York. 
 Inventor and artist. 
 
 The inventor of the first successful steamboat, Robert 
 Fulton's early career was that of an artist, and during 
 1782-1785 he painted landscapes and portraits. He is 
 listed in the directory for 1785 in Philadelphia as 
 exclusively a miniature painter. Among his oil portraits 
 
 Frothingham — Fulton: 72 
 7 1
 
 is one of Benjamin Franklin. His later activities need 
 not be written about here — he relinquished art early in 
 life. The panel portrait of Joel Barlow was engraved 
 by Durand for "The National Portrait Gallery," 1834. 
 
 1. Samuel Beach. About 1786. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 2. Ann Conyngham. Mr. J. Conyngham Stevens, 1913. 
 
 3. Mrs. David H. Conyngham. 
 
 Mrs. W. B. Stevens, 1913. 
 
 4. Self portrait. The Lucy Wharton Drexel Collection. 
 
 5. John Wilkes Kittera. About 1786. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 6. Mary Kittera. About 1786. Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 7. Clementina Ross. About 1786. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 8. Walter Livingston. Attributed. 
 
 Mrs. W. L. Livingston, 1892. 
 
 9. Colonel Michael McCurdy. 
 
 Mrs. George McHenry, 1913. 
 10. Mary Conyngham. Miniature in a ring. 
 
 Mrs. A. C. S. Krumbhaar, Syracuse, N. Y., 191 5. 
 
 FURNASS, John Mason 
 
 b. March. 4, 1763, Boston; d. June 22^ 1804, Dedham, 
 
 Mass. 
 
 Engraver and portrait painter in oils and water-color. 
 
 In the "Independent Chronicle," Boston, April 21, 
 1785, John M. Furnass inserted an advertisement saying 
 that he had "taken a large and comodious Chamber at 
 Mrs. Sheaffe's (nearly opposite Mr. Carter's Writing 
 School) formerly improved by Mr. Smibert and lately 
 by Mr. King, Limners .... is a native of Boston." 
 Furnass was the nephew of Nathaniel Hurd the engraver. 
 
 Furnass: 73 
 
 72
 
 GERMAN, John D. 
 
 Flourished 1837, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 GERRY, Samuel L. 
 
 b. May 10, /8/j, Boston; d. April, 1891, Roxbury, Mass. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 GILLESPIE, J. H. 
 
 Flourished 1793-1830, England, Scotland and Canada. 
 Silhouette painter. 
 
 J. H. Gillespie worked in London, Edinburgh and 
 Liverpool before visiting Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1829. 
 He painted with the aid of an instrument and worked in 
 various manners. The inscription on the back of one 
 of his silhouettes gives the following information: 
 "Likenesses drawn in one minute by J. H. Gillespie, 
 profile painter." It is possible that he also painted 
 miniatures and was the artist who painted the portraits 
 of George Turner, Dr. James V. Turner and Mrs. 
 James V. Turner at the "Miniature Loan Exhibition" 
 at Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 GIMBER, Stephen H. 
 
 b. 1810? England; still living in Philadelphia in 1862. 
 Engraver in line, mezzotint and stipple, lithographer a) id 
 miniature painter. 
 
 Stephen Gimber was an Englishman who came to 
 
 New York about 1830 and, during 1 832-1 833, worked 
 
 on the same plates with A. L. Dick. Between 1836- 
 
 1842 he exhibited miniatures at the Annual Exhibitions 
 
 of the National Academy. From 1850 to 1862 he lived 
 
 in Philadelphia. 
 
 German — Gimber: 74 
 
 73
 
 GIMBREDE, Thomas 
 
 b. Ij8i in France; d. Dec -ember \ 1832, West Point, N. Y. 
 Engraver and miniature painter. 
 
 Thomas Gimbrede came to New York in 1802 and 
 was first known as a miniature painter and dancing 
 master. Later he practised engraving and furnished 
 plates to the "Porto-Folio" and other periodicals. He 
 received the appointment as instructor in drawing at 
 West Point in January, 1819, where he remained until 
 his death. 
 
 1. M. Schley, signed "Gimbrede." 2^x2^. 
 
 Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 2. Thomas Jefferson. "Gimbrede Del and Sculp N. Y." 
 
 Wait's: "American State Papers," 1819. 
 
 GIRAULT 
 
 Flourished 1798, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 GODDING, William C. 
 
 Flourished 1815, Canandaigua, N. Y. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 GOODRIDGE, Sarah 
 
 b. February 5, 1/88, Templeton, Mass.; d. December 
 
 28, /8jj, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Sarah Goodridge or Goodrich as her name was 
 frequently spelled received instruction in 181 2 from 
 Gilbert Stuart. Some account of her is given in Mason's 
 "Life of Gilbert Stuart." 
 
 Gimbrede — Goodridge: 75 
 74
 
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 1. Christopher C. Baldwin. 3^x2^. Rectangular. 
 
 Am. Antiquarian Society. 
 
 2. Self Portrait, arched top. 4^x4^. Boston Museum. 
 
 3. General Henry Lee. Mr. Luke Vincent Lockwood. 
 
 4. Grenville Mellan. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 5. A Revolutionary Officer, 2$4 x 2. Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 6. Fitz William Sargeant. 
 
 Miss E. B. Pleasants, Pa., 1897. 
 
 7. James Sayville. Rhode Island School of Design. 
 
 8. Gilbert Stuart. 3^x2^. Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 9. Gilbert Stuart. Mr. Samuel Honey, Newport, 1892. 
 
 10. Gilbert Stuart, 1825. 2^< x 2 Vie- Boston Museum. 
 
 11. Russell Sturgis. 4^x3 Vie- After Stuart. 
 
 Boston Museum. 
 
 12. Daniel Webster, 1827. 
 
 Massachusetts Historical Society. 
 
 13. Daniel W 7 ebster, 1830. Bowdoin College. 
 
 14. Daniel W 7 ebster, 1831. Miss Walker, Boston, 1897. 
 
 15. Daniel Webster, 1833. 
 
 Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, 191 2. 
 
 16. Daniel Webster, 1836. 
 
 Mr. E. x\ppleton, Boston, 1897. 
 
 17. Daniel Webster, 1845. 
 
 The Late Charles Henry Hart. 
 
 18. Daniel Webster. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 19. General Knox. After Stuart. Bowdoin College. 
 
 GREATH 
 
 Flourished 1773-1774, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 "About the year 1773 or 4 a Swedish gentleman 
 named Greath visited Philadelphia. It was said that he 
 
 Greath: 76 
 
 75
 
 only painted for his amusement and it was a favour to 
 get him to paint a portrait in miniature." Charles 
 Willson Peale to Rembrandt Peale, October 28, 181 2. 
 
 GREINER, Christopher 
 
 Flourished 1837-/864, Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 1. Daniel Billmeyer. 2^x1 y&. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 GRIFFING, Martin 
 
 b. 1784; d. 18^9. 
 Painter of colored profiles. 
 
 See Ethel S. Bolton's "Wax Portraits and Sil- 
 houettes." He worked in Massachusetts, Vermont and 
 New York. 
 
 GUILLETT, Madame J. 
 
 Flourished 1839-1842, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Mr. John Hill Morgan in a letter to the writer 
 states that Madame Guillett painted many miniatures 
 in Virginia. 
 1-5. Five Miniatures. 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, N. Y., 1838. 
 
 6. Charles Mathews. N. A. Exhibition, N. Y., 1839. 
 
 7. Moses Paul. (18 15-1848.) Painted in Petersburg, 
 Va., about 1839. 2 ^X2. Mrs. John Hill Morgan. 
 
 8. Virginia Johnson. 
 
 9. Martha Pegram, later Mrs. Charles F. Stainback, of 
 Petersburg, Va. 
 
 Mrs. Waller Morton, Richmond, Va. 
 
 Greiner — Guilette: 77 
 
 76
 
 HAAG, C. 
 
 Flourished 184.8, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 • C. Haag exhibited "miniature portraits" at the 
 National Academy Exhibition in 1848. 
 
 HAINES, William 
 
 b. 'June 21, 1//8, Bedhampton, Hampshire, England; 
 
 d. July 24, 1848, East Brixton, England. 
 Engraver and portrait painter in miniature and oils. 
 
 At Northaw William Haines was apprenticed to Thew 
 the engraver. He sailed for the Cape of Good Hope in 
 1800 and at Cape Town made a number of drawings of 
 the natives. He afterwards went to Philadelphia and 
 was employed as a book illustrator and engraver. In 
 1805 he returned to England and was for a time in 
 Chichester. Shortly after he went to London and 
 painted many portraits, in oil and miniature, and 
 exhibited at the Royal Academy Exhibitions from 1808 
 to 1830. About the latter year an inheritance induced 
 him to retire to East Brixton. 
 
 1. Benjamin Rush. 
 
 "Painted and Engraved by Wm. Haines." 
 
 2. Benjamin Smith Barton. 
 
 "Painted & engraved by W. Haines." 
 
 3. Thomas Moore. "Painted & engraved by W. Haines." 
 
 HALL, Ann 
 
 b. May 1J92, Pom/ret, Conn.; d. f86j, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Ann Hall studied in Newport under Samuel King 
 and later in New York under Alexander Robertson. 
 
 Haag— Hall: 78 
 
 77
 
 She exhibited at the National Academy during 1845- 
 
 1849. 
 1. Samuel Ward, Jr. 
 1. Mrs. Jay and her child. 
 
 3. Dr. John W. Francis. 
 
 4. The Children of Samuel Ward. 
 
 5. J. Prescott Hall. 
 
 Loan Exhibit, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 6. J. Prescott Hall, as a youth. 
 
 Loan Exhibit, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 7. Mrs. Harriette Hall. 
 
 Loan Exhibit, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 8. Mrs. Henry Bedlow. 
 
 Loan Exhibit, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 9. Miniature of an Unknown Woman. 
 
 Mr. T. H. Gage, Worcester. 
 HALL, Henry Bryan 
 
 b. March 11, 1808, London; d. April 25, 1884, Mor- 
 ris ania^ N. Y. 
 Engraver, etcher and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 H. B. Hall was a pupil of Hoppner Meyer and was 
 employed by H. T. Ryall to engrave a plate from a 
 painting called "The Coronation of Queen Victoria." 
 Among his portraits in oil are those of Napoleon III, 
 painted in London and Thomas Sully and C. L. Elliott 
 painted in the United States. 
 
 HANCOCK, Nathaniel 
 Flourished 1792-1809. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 In the Boston "Independent Chronicle" for May 3, 
 1792, there is a notice of the death of Hancock's wife. 
 
 Hall — Hancock: 79 
 78
 
 In the same paper for 1799 Hancock inserted an adver- 
 tisement as an artist. Dr. Bentley wrote in 1801 
 "I saw at the public house Mr. Hancock of Boston who 
 had come to Exeter as a miniature painter." In 1805 he 
 moved to Salem and in October of the next year the 
 Doctor records a conversation with Hancock concerning 
 Gilbert Stuart, then working in Boston. January 1809, 
 the Doctor writes quaintly: 'Mr. Hancock gave me 
 for a letter of his daughter, an account of the proceedings 
 of the King's Chapel at the ordination of Mr. Carey." 
 On certain bill heads printed in Boston, according to 
 Mr. Mantle Fielding is the signature "Hancock, set. 
 Boston" and it may be that Nathaniel Hancock was 
 identical with this engraver. 
 1. Colonel William R. Lee. 2^x2. 
 
 Essex Institute. 
 
 HANSELL, George H. 
 
 Flourished 1844-/83/', New York. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Hansell exhibited a "miniature of a little girl" at the 
 National Academy in 1844. 
 
 HARKINS, Robert 
 
 Flourished 184.1-1842, Brooklyn. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 HARVEY, George 
 
 Flourished 1837-1840, New York. 
 
 Landscape and miniature painter. 
 
 1. Reverend E. Mead. N. A. Exhibition, 1837. 
 
 1. G. Thompson. N. A. Exhibition, 1840. 
 
 Hansell — Harvey: 80 
 
 79
 
 3. Reverend Dr. Wainwright. N. A. Exhibition, 1840. 
 
 4. Daniel Webster. 5^x4. Signed on reverse: "Geo. 
 Harvey." Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 HATHAWAY, J. 
 
 Flourished 1833, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 HAZLITT, John 
 
 b. 1767, baptised July 6, Marsh field, Gloucestershire, 
 
 England; d. May 16, 1837, Stockport, England. 
 Portrait painter in oils arid miniature. 
 
 John Hazlitt was the elder brother of William 
 Hazlitt the essayist. The father, a Unitarian minister, 
 moved the family to Maidstone in 1770 where William 
 Hazlitt was born in 1778. They then moved to Brandon, 
 near Cork, Ireland. On April 3, 1783 they embarked for 
 the United States arriving in New York on May 26. 
 In this country the elder Hazlitt preached in many 
 cities. He took his family to Perth Amboy, Burlington 
 and finally to Philadelphia where it is recorded in a 
 family journal that John Hazlitt was taken by his 
 father to a week day gathering at St. Peter's Church to 
 get a sight of George Washington. The family went in 
 August 1784 to Weymouth, Massachusetts, travelling 
 by way of Burlington, New York, Newport and Provi- 
 dence. They lived here from 1785 to July 1786. During 
 this time John often went with his father to Hingham, 
 Salem and Boston. In Salem, 1785, he advertised to 
 paint miniatures. In Boston during the same year he 
 advertised with J. Dunkerley to open a drawing school. 
 
 Hathaway — Hazlitt: 81 
 
 80
 
 At Hingham one of his portraits was a pastel of Rev- 
 erend Ebenezer Gay and about this time he painted on 
 a brooch size ivory a miniature of his brother William. 
 In July 1786 the family moved to Dorchester, John 
 often visiting Boston. In October of the same year the 
 elder Hazlitt sailed for England and was joined by his 
 family in 1787, at Wem. John stayed in London at the 
 home of a friend of his father. He presently met Sir 
 Joshua Reynolds and in 1788, exhibited for the first 
 time at the Royal Academy. He exhibited annually 
 thereafter until 1819. An independent outspoken man of 
 great gifts he counted among his friends Coleridge, 
 Charles Lamb, Godwin, Thelwall, Holcroft, and Stod- 
 dart. Almost nothing is known of his stay in London 
 from 1 819, when he last exhibited at the Royal Academy 
 until 1832. In that year he moved to Stockport where 
 he died, five years later. 
 
 It seems almost incredible considering the incessant 
 travels of the Hazlitt family in the United States that 
 John Hazlitt could have trained himself at the age of 
 eighteen, to paint such an excellent miniature 01 his 
 brother judging from the reproduction printed in the 
 "Complete Works of William Hazlitt." It is interesting 
 to know that about that time, in Dorchester, John was 
 giving the future essayist his first Latin lessons. 
 
 1. Reverend Ebenezer Gay. Pastel. Drawn in the United 
 States. 
 
 2. William Hazlitt. At about 13 years of age. Painted in 
 the United States. Reproduced in "Collected Works 
 of W 7 illiam Hazlitt," London, 1904, volume 1. 
 
 3. William Hazlitt. About 1784. Reproduced Ibid., v. 4. 
 
 Hazlitt — Continued: S: 
 81
 
 HEIDEMANS, Henri 
 
 Flourished 1841-1842, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 HENRI, Pierre or Peter 
 
 Flourished 1790-1812, London and Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Henri probably studied at the Royal Academy in 
 London. He painted miniatures both in Richmond and 
 Philadelphia. In 1790 he inserted an advertisement in 
 the "Pennsylvania Packet." He exhibited as late as 
 1 81 2 at the Pennsylvania Academy. 
 
 1. Self portrait. Mrs. E. Y. Townsend, Pa. 
 
 2. Mrs. Beaumont in the Character of the Grecian 
 Daughter. Pennsylvania Academy, 181 1. 
 
 HERRICK, Henry W. 
 
 Flourished 1843, Nashville, Tennessee. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 HERVIER, Auguste 
 
 Flourished 1827-1858, England and the United States. 
 
 Miniature and portrait painter. 
 
 Practically the only source of information concerning 
 Hervier is to be found in the "Life of Mrs. Trollope." 
 In 1827 he met the family and sailed with them to the 
 United States in that year. He worked for awhile in 
 Memphis; in 1828 he was in Cincinnati; and during 
 1 829-1 83 1 visited various other cities. In 1831 he was 
 back in England. In 1835 he accompanied Mrs. Trol- 
 lope to Paris and Vienna and illustrated several of her 
 books. Exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1824-27; 
 
 Heidemans — Hervier: 83 
 
 82
 
 1832-34, 1 838-41, 1845-47; 1H59-55 and 1858. Charles 
 Henry Hart wrote of his portrait of Andrew Jackson: 
 "It is mentioned only because it exists." 
 
 HILL, Pamela E. 
 
 b. May 9, /803, Farmington, Mass.; d. i860. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Pamela E. Hill exhibited at a number of the Boston 
 Athenaeum Exhibitions. 
 1. Mrs. Joel Thayer. 
 1. Miss L. B. Vose. 
 
 3. Reverend Croswell. 
 
 4. Reverend Sharpe. 
 
 5. Miss Walsingham. 
 
 6-1 2. Seven portraits of members of the family of Stephen 
 Salisbury II, and his relatives, painted in 1843. 
 Worcester x^rt Museum 
 13. Mrs. M. G. Choules. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1891. 
 
 HILLYER, William 
 
 Flourished 1834-1861, New York. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Hillyer belonged to the miniature and portrait 
 partnership of Miller and Hillyer. 
 
 HITE, George H. 
 
 Flourished 1830-/86/, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Hite exhibited miniatures at the National Academy 
 from 1839 to 1849. 
 I. Mrs. Coleman. N. A. Exhibition, 1849. 
 
 Hill— Hite: S 4 
 
 83
 
 HOMAN, S. V. 
 
 Flourished 1844, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 HOPE, Thomas W. 
 
 Flourished 1839-1845, New York. 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 HOWES, Samuel P. 
 
 Flourished 1829-/833, Boston. 
 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 1. S. Baker. Boston Athenaeum, 1833. 
 
 HUDSON, Jr., William 
 
 Flourished 1829-1833, Boston. 
 Portrait and yniniature painter. 
 
 1. ''Dr. William T. G. Morton, discoverer of anaesthesia, 
 
 painted 1845 by W. Hudson." 
 
 U. S. National Museum. 
 HUNTINGTON, Daniel 
 
 b. Oct. 14, 18 16, New York; d. there, Apr. 18, 1906. 
 Portrait, historical and landscape painter. 
 
 Daniel Huntington attended Hamilton College in 
 1832 and Y. N. University in 1835. Finally he turned to 
 art as a profession and in 1837 exhibited at the National 
 Academy. He visited Paris, Florence and Rome in 
 1 839-1 840. He revisited Florence in 1 843-1 845. In 
 1 85 1 he visited London. He was president of the 
 National Academy from 1862 to 1869 and from 1877 
 to 1891. 
 1. Mrs. Jay, copy from a French Miniature. 
 
 Bedford House. 
 
 Homan — Huntington: 85 
 84
 
 2. Miniature, in oil, of a Painter. 
 
 "Painted con amore for a Lady." D. Huntington. 
 
 INGHAM, Charles Cromwell 
 
 b. 1796 Dublin^ Ireland; d. December /o, /S6j, New York. 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 At the age of thirteen Charles Cromwell Ingham 
 studied at the Dublin Institution and after a year took 
 drawing lessons of William Cummings from 1809 to 
 1 8 13. In 1 816 he came to New York. One of the 
 foundation members of the National Academy he was 
 vice president from 1845 t0 l $5°- 
 1. Mrs. J. Green Pierson, about 1824. 
 
 Mrs. P. K. Paulding, Cold Spring, N. Y., 1898. 
 
 INMAN, Henry 
 
 b. October 2<$, zSoi, Utica, N. Y.; d. January //, 1846, 
 
 New York. 
 
 Portrait, miniature and genre painter. 
 
 As a boy the work of Raphael was for Inman the 
 highest ideal, and he took drawing lessons from an 
 itinerant drawing teacher. When the family moved to 
 New York about 181 2 he continued his art studies at a 
 day school. The father encouraged the boy's artistic 
 inclinations but planned for his entrance to West Point. 
 In 1814, however, at the suggestion of John Wesley 
 Jarvis he turned definitely to painting as a career and 
 was apprenticed to that artist. In 1822 he married, 
 took a studio on Vesey Street and started his profes- 
 sional life as an artist. Several illustrations for Cooper's 
 "Leatherstocking Tales" date from this time. He was 
 vice president of the National Academy from 1838 to 
 
 Ingham — Inman: 86 
 85
 
 1844- During 1831 to 1835 he lived at Mt. Holly, New 
 Jersey, and Philadelphia. A genial man and fond of 
 good company, at the dinner given to Charles Dickens 
 in 1842 in New York at which Washington Irving pre- 
 sided, he was among those chosen to speak. In 1843 
 his health broke. Three friends, James Lenox, Edward 
 L. Carey and Professor Henry Reed gave him com- 
 missions to go to England and paint portraits of Chal- 
 mers, Macauley and Wordsworth, as much for the bene- 
 fit of the trip as for the pictures. He sailed for England 
 in that year and stayed until 1845. When he died the 
 following January steps were immediately taken to 
 exhibit his work, and the result was the "Inman 
 Gallery" of 127 paintings. 
 
 Inman also painted landscapes and historical and 
 genre pictures. Among the many sitters to his portraits 
 in oil were Fitz-Greene Halleck, John Marshall, Thomas 
 Sully and J. J. Audubon. 
 
 1. James Bogart, Jr. About 1835. 
 
 Miss J. Bogert, 1917. 
 
 2. Nicholas Biddle. 2^x2^. 
 
 Mr. Edward Biddle, Pa. 
 
 3. De Witt Clinton. Sepia. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1836. 
 
 4. Fitz-Greene Halleck. Pencil. 3/^x5. 
 
 N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 5. Mrs. Alexander Hamilton. 
 
 The Misses Hamilton, New York, 1897. 
 
 6. Alexander Hamilton. After Ceracchi's bust. 
 
 7. Chief Justice Marshall. y& x ^i. 
 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 8. Portrait of a Lady. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 Inman — Continued: 87 
 86
 
 9. Portrait of a Child. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 10. Portrait of a Young Man. Oil. About 5x7. 
 
 TheN. Y. Public Library. 
 
 11. Portrait of an artist. Sepia. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1827. 
 
 12. Mr. Samuel Vernon. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 INMAN, John O'Brian 
 
 b. 1S2S, New York; d. i8c>6. 
 Painter of small cabinet portraits. 
 
 John O'Brian Inman was the son of Henry Inman. 
 
 JACKSON, Edwin W. 
 
 Flourished /S46-/S4/, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 JARVIS, Charles Wesley 
 
 Flourished iSjo-/S6/, New York. 
 Portrait painter in miniature and oils. 
 
 Charles Wesley Jarvis was the reputed son of 
 John Wesley Jarvis. A student of the National Acad- 
 emy, he exhibited intermittently at the annual exhibi- 
 tions from 1839 to 1850. The directory for 1 845-1 846 
 lists him as a miniature painter — the later entries term 
 him a portrait painter. 
 
 JARVIS, JOHN WESLEY 
 
 b. iy So-South Shields, England; d. January 14, /Sjp, New 
 
 York. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 The father of John Wesley Jarvis sailed for the United 
 States and left the boy, who was still very young, in the 
 
 Inman — Jarvis: 88 
 *7
 
 care of his maternal uncle, John Wesley, the founder of 
 Methodism. In [795 young Jarvis was taken to Phila- 
 delphia, lie started life as an engraver, apprenticed to 
 Edward Savage, and associated with David Edwin. In 
 
 [800 he moved with Savage to New York, and in 1S02 
 set up independently as an engraver, lie starred paint- 
 ing miniatures in [804 and opened a studio with Joseph 
 Wood.. In [805 [ 806 Dunlap records a visit he paid with 
 Edward Malbone to the studio which resulted in 
 Malhone's giving them both assistance in miniature 
 painting. The partnership lasted until [809 when 
 Wood left for Philadelphia. In 1S10 Jarvis visited 
 Charleston, in 1S11 Baltimore. He exhibited in Phila- 
 delphia in [813 and [814. Henry Inman became his 
 apprentice in [814 and the two made frequent visits to 
 the South during the winter, particularly to New 
 Orleans. In [822 they were in Boston together- it was 
 Inman's last year of apprenticeship. In [830 Jarvis's 
 name appears in the New Orleans directory, and his 
 stay m the city at that time must have been longer than 
 usual. A great conversationalist he associated with such 
 men as Irving, Van Wykc and Yerplank but in his latter 
 years sank into obscurity, lie died m extreme poverty 
 at the house of his sister Mrs. Childs. 
 
 Jarvis's portraits are of great merit and he was one of 
 the first to make an artistic study of anatomy in this 
 country, lie worked with great rapidity and with the 
 assistance of Inman sometimes finished a portrait in 
 a day. 
 
 Portrait of the Artist's sister. 
 
 Rhode island School o( Design. 
 
 Jarvis — Continued: 89 
 
 ss
 
 2. Portrait of a Man. 3x2^. Oval. Signed: 'Jarvis 
 1809." Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 3. Miss Anderson. 3x2^. Oval. 
 
 Mr. Du Puy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 4. Christopher Colles, (1 738-1 821). Oil. 12x10. 
 
 N. Y. I listorical Sociel y. 
 JOCELYN, Nathaniel 
 
 b. January ?/, r/p6. New Haven, Conn.; d. there Jan 
 
 uary fj, 188 1. 
 Engraver and portrait painter in miniature and oils. 
 
 Nathaniel Jocelyn started to study drawing in 
 1815. In 1 8 17 he was associated with Tisdale, Danforth 
 and Willard in the I lartford Hank Note Company, and 
 later, with Danforth, practically founded the National 
 Bank Note Company. In 1X20 he practiced his art in 
 Savannah. He visited London during 1829 and 1 X 30 
 with S. F. B. Morse. He worked for a time in New York 
 and became an Academician in 1846. The latter parr 
 of his life he spent in New Haven, where he had a st udio 
 in the Yale Art Building. 
 1. Charles M. Pope. Mrs. J. M. Etting, Pa., 1898. 
 
 JONES, William F. 
 
 Flourished /S^y-iS^y, Philadelphia. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 1. "Full Length Cabinet Picture — Siga Truffi." 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1850. 
 
 JOUETT, Matthew Harris 
 
 b. April 22, 1787, near Harrodsburg, Ky.; d. August /<>, 
 
 182/, Lexington, Ky. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Matthew Harris Jouett went to Transylvania 
 
 Jocelyn — Jouett: 90 
 89
 
 University in 1804 and graduated with honors in 1808. 
 He then entered a law office and, after a year, started 
 practice as a lawyer in Lexington. During the War of 
 181 2 he enlisted as a volunteer and received a promotion 
 from President Madison in 18 13, to Paymaster with the 
 rank of second lieutenant. At the end of the war he 
 abandoned law and took to his favorite vocation — 
 painting. His father was greatly displeased at this 
 step and looked upon the education spent on his 
 son as wasted. However young Jouett thrived at 
 painting portraits for twenty-five dollars apiece and 
 finally earned enough to go east to study. In 1817 he 
 set out on horseback for Philadelphia and Boston. In 
 Boston he met Gilbert Stuart and became a favorite 
 pupil. George P. A. Healy wrote that Stuart always 
 addressed Jouett as "Kentucky." Jouett remained the 
 rest of the summer and in the fall returned to Lexington, 
 opened a studio and doubled the price for his portraits. 
 Here he remained the rest of his life, spending his 
 winters in New Orleans. 
 
 Jouett was a portrait painter of the first rank. That 
 he was successful in Kentucky is proved by the story 
 told of John Neagle who intended to settle in Lexington 
 but left when he saw the excellence of Jouett's work. 
 
 General S. W. Price in "Old Masters of the Blue 
 grass" 1902 prints an extensive list of Jouett's paintings. 
 
 Mrs. William Allen. 
 
 Mr. R. J. Menefee, Louisville, Ky., 1902. 
 William Brand. 
 
 Mrs. E. N. Warfield, Pewee Valley, Ky., 1902. 
 
 Jouett — Continued: 91 
 90
 
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 3. Mrs. Brand. 
 
 Mrs. E. N. Warfield, Pewee Valley, Ky., 1902. 
 
 4. Fortunatus Cosby. 
 
 Mrs. E. B. Carpenter, Louisville, Ivy., 1902. 
 
 5. Captain Robinson De Hart. 
 
 Captain William De Hart, McComb, Miss., 1902. 
 
 6. Reverend Joseph Cabell Harrison. 
 
 Colonel Blanton, Duncan, California, 1902. 
 
 7. Captain Nat. G. Hart. 
 
 Miss Lizzie B. Hart, Lexington, Ky., 1902. 
 
 8. Thomas Hart. Mrs. Ella A. Harris, Paris, Ky., 1902. 
 
 9. Mrs. E. P. Humphrey. 
 
 Mr. E. W. C. Humphrey, Louisville, Ky., 1902. 
 
 10. A. L. Lewis. Mrs. Lewis, Clark Co., Ky., 1902. 
 
 11. Stephen Lewis. 
 
 Mrs. Thornton Lewis, Winchester, Ky., 1902. 
 
 12. Thornton Lewis. 
 
 Mrs. Thornton Lewis, Winchester, Ky., 1902. 
 
 13. Major John Loving. 
 
 Mr. John Loving, Louisville, Ky., 1902. 
 
 KEARNEY, Francis 
 
 b. about //So, Perth Amboy, N. J.; d. after 1S34. 
 
 Engraver. 
 
 1. David Garrick. India ink. 
 
 KELLOG, Minor K. 
 
 Flourished iSjg-iSjg. 
 
 Portrait painter i)i oils and miniature. 
 
 Kellog exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy. 
 In 1858 he was living in Paris. In 1878-79 he was in 
 New York. 
 
 Kearney — Kellog: 92 
 91
 
 I. Andrew Jackson, 1839. 
 
 Mrs. Olive L. Kellog, Cincinnati, 1897. 
 
 KELLY, Thomas 
 
 Flourished 1817, Halifax , Nova Scotia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 KIMBERLY, James H. 
 Flourished 1841-1843, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 KING, Samuel 
 b. January 24, 1749, Newport , R. I.; d. there, December 
 20 y 1819. Instrument maker and portrait painter in oils 
 and miniature. 
 
 Samuel King was sent as a boy to Boston to learn 
 house painting, but gave up the trade to follow the pro- 
 fession of portrait painting in Newport, encouraged by 
 Cosmo Alexander. He kept a shop for making mathe- 
 matical instruments and continued at odd times to 
 practice art. He gave assistance to Edward Malbone, 
 Washington Allston and C. B. King. In the "Diary" 
 of Ezra Stiles is the following entry: "May 30, 1770. 
 This day Mr. Samuel King took my picture in minia- 
 ture. " This is the only reference the writer has seen 
 concerning a miniature by King. 
 
 KNIGHT, Charles 
 Flourished 18/1-18/6, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Charles Knight exhibited at the Pennsylvania 
 Academy. It is possible that this was C. Knight the 
 
 Kelly — Knight: 93 
 92
 
 London artist, who exhibited 16 miniatures at the 
 Royal Academy in 1793, 1796 and 1816. 
 
 KRIMMEL, John Lewis 
 
 b. lySy Wurtemburg, Germany; d. July '5, 1821, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 Portrait and genre painter. 
 
 Krimmel came to Philadelphia in 1810, and in 1811- 
 181 2 he exhibited at the Pennsylvania /\cademy. His 
 portraits in oils are said to be cabinet size. 
 
 LABATUT 
 
 Flourished latter part of the eighteenth century. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Labatut was a Frenchman whom Washington em- 
 ployed to paint a large miniature as a gift for General 
 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. 
 
 1. George Washington. Size, including case, 7x6. 1782. 
 
 On ivory. Miss E. F. Watson, N. Y., 1881. 
 
 LA FARGE, John 
 
 Flourished early part of the nineteenth century. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Jean-Frederic de la Farge called John La Farge, 
 the father of the late John La Farge, was a French 
 refugee from Santo Domingo. He came to New York 
 and painted miniatures. 
 
 LALANNE, Mary E. 
 
 Flourished 1833, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Krimmell — Lalanne: 94 
 
 93
 
 LAMBDIN, James Reid 
 
 b. May 10, 1807, Pittsburg; d. January Ji, 1889, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 Portrait painter in miniature and oils. 
 
 The pupil in Philadelphia of Edward Miles and 
 Thomas Sully, Lambdin worked in Pittsburg, Mobile, 
 and for a while in Kentucky. He settled permanently 
 in Philadelphia in 1837 and taught at the University 
 of Pennsylvania. His son George C. Lambdin (1830- 
 1896) was a portrait painter and crayon portrait 
 draughtsman. 
 
 1. Miniature of an Artist. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy, 1845. 
 
 2. Samuel Richards. (1769-1842.) Rectangular. 4>^x 
 3%. Mr. Herbert DuPuy, Pittsburg. 
 
 3. Elizabeth Richards Bell. (1810-1848.) Oval. 4^ x 
 2 l /i. Mr. Herbert DuPuy, Pittsburg. 
 
 4. John Tyler. "Engraved by J. B. Forrest from a 
 drawing by J. R. Lambdin. " 
 
 Longacre's "National Portrait Gallery." 
 
 5. Polly Stuart Webb Vincent. (1 822-1 883.) Rectangu- 
 lar, i^fxa^. Writing on back states it was painted 
 by J. R. Lambdin in New York, Dec, 1850. 
 
 Mr. John Hill Morgan, N. Y. 
 LAMONT, Daniel G. 
 
 Flourished 1846-1847, New York. 
 
 Historical painter, and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 LESLIE, Charles Robert 
 
 b. October 17, 1794, London, England; d. there, May 5, 
 1859. Historical and portrait painter. 
 
 In 1799 Charles Robert Leslie was taken by his 
 
 Lambdin — Leslie: 95 
 94
 
 parents who were natives of America, to the United 
 States. His father established himself as a clock maker 
 in Philadelphia where in 1808 the boy was apprenticed 
 to a bookseller. With one of his employers he went, 
 in 181 1, to London. Here he presented letters, that 
 Thomas Sully had given him, to West, Beechey and 
 other painters for he had, in the bookstore, already 
 shown signs of artistic ability. He was elected A.R.A. 
 in 1 821 and R.A. in 1825. For one year, in 1S31, he 
 was instructor in drawing at West Point. From 1848 
 to 1 85 1 he taught at the Royal Academy Schools. He 
 was also a writer and his "Memoirs of John Con- 
 stable" were published in 1848. His "Autobiographical 
 Recollections" were printed after his death. 
 
 1. Commodore Matthew Galbraith Perry. 1 795-1 858. 
 Oil. 3x2. Peabody Museum, Salem. 
 
 2. George Frederick Cook as Richard III. Drawing. 
 
 3. George Frederick Cook as Othello. Drawing. 
 
 L'ESTRANGE 
 
 Flourished 1832-1S34, Halifax, N. S. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 L'Estrange was an Englishman who visited Halifax 
 from 1832 to 1834. 
 
 LINEN, George 
 
 b. f<$02, Greenlaw, Scotland; d. 1888, New York. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 Linen was a student at the Royal Scottish Academy 
 in Edinburgh. He settled in New York in 1843. The 
 following are diminutive portraits in oil. 
 1. Colonel William Popham. Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 L'Estrange — Linen: 96 
 95
 
 2. Daniel Webster, 1838. 
 
 Mrs. J. B. Linen, Buffalo, 1897. 
 
 3. Henry Clay, 1838. 
 
 Mrs. J. B. Linen, Buffalo, 1897. 
 
 LIVERMORE, Mrs. 
 
 Flourished 1847-1848, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 LIVINGSTON, Harriet 
 
 Flourished 1808-1820. 
 Amateur miniature painter. 
 
 Harriet Livingston became the wife of Robert 
 Fulton in 1 808. On the reverse of a miniature of Walter 
 Livingston in the possession of Mrs. W. L. Livingston, 
 Flatbush, 1892, is the inscription: "The likeness of my 
 beloved father. Harriet Livingston, Tiviot Dale 
 Livingston Manor." It is reproduced in C. W. Bowen's 
 "Centennial of the Inauguration of Washington." 
 
 LONGACRE, James Barton 
 
 b. Aug. II, 1794, Delaware Co., Pa.; d. January /, 1869, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Engraver and portrait painter in water colors. 
 
 Longacre was the descendant of a Swedish colonist 
 who settled in Delaware. Apprenticed to George 
 Murray the engraver in Philadelphia he started engrav- 
 ing professionally in 18 19. From 1834 to 1839 he 
 published the work known as "Herring and Longacre's 
 National Portrait Gallery," a source book for engravings 
 after early American portraits. Many engravers were 
 employed on the plates and James Herring was his 
 
 Livermore — Longacre: 97 
 
 96
 
 associate in the undertaking. Longacre was an engraver 
 to the United States mint from 1844 until his death and 
 designed all the coins struck during that period. He 
 also designed the coinage for the Chilean government. 
 Some "Extracts from the Diary of James Barton Long- 
 acre," were published in the "Pennsylvania Magazine 
 of History" for 1905. 
 
 1. Andrew Jackson. "Drawn from life. September 23d 
 1829 and Engraved by J. B. Longacre." C. H. Hart 
 wrote "Longacre painted a number of small miniatures 
 from it for breast pins." 
 
 2. Andrew Jackson, 1829. Drawing. 
 
 • Mrs. H. C. Wood, Philadelphia, 1 897. 
 
 3. Daniel Webster. "Drawn from Life & Engraved by 
 James B. Longacre." Drawing in Sepia, 1830. 
 
 4. Daniel Webster. A second drawing in Sepia, 1830. 
 
 LORD, Phoebe Griffin 
 
 b. February 20, lygy, East Haddam, Conn.; d. October 12, 
 
 1875, Lyme. 
 Miniature painter in water colors. 
 
 She later became Mrs. P. G. L. Noyes. 
 
 LOVETT, William 
 
 b. 1773-, Boston; d. there, June 2g, 1S01. 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 But one miniature by Lovett has been identified. 
 There is also an engraving by Hill dated 1798 after a 
 portrait by Lovett of Baker the actor. In the Boston 
 directories he is listed at first as a portrait painter. In 
 
 Lord — Love 1 1 : 98 
 97
 
 i8oo, however, he is called both a portrait and miniature 
 painter, living at Bromfield's Lane. 
 
 i. Reverend John Clarke. Essex Institute. 
 
 2. Reverend John Clarke. Replica. Boston Museum. 
 
 LUND, Theodore 
 
 Flourished 1841-1844, New York and Brooklyn. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 MACKINTOSH, Miss S. B. 
 
 Flourished 1830, Philadelphia. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 1. Mrs. Harriet Houghton Lane. (1797-1850.) 
 
 Mr. T. H. Gage, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 MACK 
 
 Flourished 1834, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 McDOUGAL, John A. 
 
 Flourished 1836-1881, New York and Newark. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 McDougal exhibited at the National Academy 
 Exhibitions during 1841 to 1849. 
 
 1. Mrs. S. W. Parmley. N. A. Exhibition, 1845. 
 
 2. J. Arthur. N. A. Exhibition, 1841. 
 
 McPHERSON, W. J. 
 
 Flourished 1846-/847, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Lund — McPherson : 99 
 
 98
 
 MALBONE, Edward Greene 
 
 b. August 1777 ', Newport, R. I.; d. May 7, /80/, Sa- 
 
 vannah) Georgia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 "You may enjoy your mirth but you shall one day 
 see my head engraved." Such were the words of Edward 
 Malbone to his sisters. He was the boyhood friend of 
 Washington Allston, with whom he received casual 
 instruction in art from Samuel King about 1792 in 
 Newport. Even earlier than this he had helped paint 
 theatre scenery and copied old engravings incessantly. 
 About 1793 he copied on paper a portrait by Sir 
 Thomas Lawrence that was greatly admired. Soon he 
 prepared his own ivory to paint on and the miniature 
 of Nicholas Power dating from 1793, was his first 
 commission. In 1794 he left home telling only his sister 
 of his departure, to start as a professional miniature 
 painter in Providence. Here his success was quickly 
 assured as he informed his father after a few weeks. In 
 1796 he moved to Boston where he renewed his friend- 
 ship with Allston and continued the success he enjoyed 
 the rest of his life. In 1797 he was in New York leaving 
 in the spring of 1798 for Philadelphia. The yellow fever 
 epidemic compelled him to move to the country where 
 he still found continual employment. After leaving 
 Philadelphia he visited various seaboard cities and 
 finally sailed for Charleston, South Carolina in 1800. 
 His reception was enthusiastic. His work was in great 
 demand, he made many friends, among them Charles 
 Fraser, and, feeling justified in making a long deferred 
 voyage to London, he sailed in May, 1801, with his 
 
 Malbone: 100 
 99
 
 friend Allston, who had recently graduated from 
 Harvard. Together they visited the public and private 
 art collections, met Benjamin West, who allowed them 
 the use of his studio, and in the Autumn, studied at the 
 Royal Academy. His well known picture "The Hours" 
 at the Providence Athenaeum was painted in August 
 of this year. In December he returned alone to Charles- 
 ton and in the spring of the following year he sailed for 
 Newport. In 1803-4 he was in New York. In 1804 he 
 went to Boston, remaining until 1805, when in December 
 he again visited Charleston intending later to make a 
 second voyage to London. However a cold contracted 
 in March 1806 settled in his lungs and he hurried home. 
 During June he took to field sports for recreation and 
 health but overexertion while hunting forced him to bed. 
 At the suggestion of his physician he sailed for Jamaica 
 in December, but the climate proving without benefit 
 he bought his passage to Newport, fearing the worst, 
 and embarked in May. He only reached Savannah, 
 where he died at the home of his cousin Robert Mackay.. 
 Of all the /American miniature painters none surpassed 
 and few reached the excellence of Edward Malbone. 
 His work is comparable to that of Samuel Cooper, Hans 
 Holbein, John Smart and Isabey. In his later minia- 
 tures, which were often larger than his earlier ones, there 
 is generally no signature. "E.G.M.," or "Malbone," 
 is the usual method when he did sign his name, although 
 he sometimes wrote "Edw.G.Malbone." Painting in 
 oils was an occasional practice in his later years and there 
 is a portrait of himself in this medium at the Corcoran 
 Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. An excellent idea 
 of his art is to be obtained from Mr. Halsey's article in 
 
 Malbone — Continued: 101 
 
 100
 
 "Scribner's Magazine" for May 1910, where a number 
 of miniatures are reproduced in color. 
 
 1. Caleb Abell. i^A x 1%. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 Reproduced in "Macbeth Gallery Art Notes" March, 
 1915. 
 
 2. Ann Crawford Allen. Rhode Island School of Design. 
 
 3. Lydia Allen. Rhode Island School of Design. 
 Both this miniature and the preceding reproduced 
 in: "R. I. School of Design Bulletin," Oct., 1914. 
 
 4. Dr. W. Allston. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston. 
 
 5. Washington Allston. 1800-01. 
 
 6. Washington Allston. Boston Museum. 
 Reproduced in "Handbook," Boston Museum, 1906. 
 
 7. Joseph Alston. (1778-1816.) 2^x2. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 8. Mrs. Amory. Owned in Newport, R. I., 1884. 
 
 9. Mrs. Ball, 1803-4. Painted in Charleston. 
 
 10. Thomas Barksdale. Providence, 1803. 
 
 Gen. Thos. A. Hugenin. 
 
 11. Joseph Barrell. Mrs. Walter Crittendon. 
 
 12. Miss Isabel Barron. 1806? 
 
 Miss A. Bliss, N. Y., 1898. 
 Reproduced in A. H. Wharton, "Salons," 1900. 
 
 13. Colonel Clement Biddle. 
 
 14. Mrs. Clement Biddle. 
 
 15. Mrs. William Blacklock and Child. 3^4x3^. 
 
 Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 Reproduced in color, "Scribner's," May, 1910. 
 
 16. Mrs. Edmund Blake. Miss J. Robins, Pa., 1912. 
 Reproduced in M. C. Crawford's "Romantic Days," 
 1912. 
 
 Malbone — Continued: 102 
 
 101
 
 \~j. Joshua Blake, U. S. N. of Boston. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 18. Alexander Bleeker. 1803. 
 
 19. Mrs. Alexander Bleeker. 1803. 
 
 Mrs. C. M. Lea, Pa., 1898. 
 Reproduced in color in A. H. Wharton, "Heirlooms," 
 1898. 
 
 20. Nicholas Bowman, 1793. Providence Athenaeum. 
 
 21. Mr. Bowman. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 22. Walter Bowne. 
 
 23. Mrs. Walter Bowne. 
 
 The Bowne miniatures are reproduced in C. Cook: "A 
 Girl's Life Eighty Years Ago." N. Y., 1887. 
 
 24. Charles Bulfinch. About 1788. Mentioned in W 7 insor: 
 "Memorial History of Boston," v. 4, p. 472. 
 
 Mrs. S. G. Bulfinch, Boston, 1881. 
 
 25. Luther Bradish. (1783-1863.) 3x2^. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 26. Dr. Bruilsford, 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 27. General Thomas Cadwalader. 
 
 28. Mrs. Calhoun. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 29. Mrs. James Carter. 
 
 30. Thomas Corwin. Mrs. R. M. Bryan, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 31. Colonel Chestnut. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 32. Mrs. Langdon Cheves, nee Dulles. 
 
 Miss M. C. Dulles, Pa., 1898. 
 Reproduced in A. H. W 7 harton's "Salons," 1900. 
 23. Mrs. Langdon Cheves. Mrs. Langdon Cheves. 
 
 34. Eleanor Coffin. Miss Rogers, 1887. 
 Reproduced in "A Girl's Life Eighty Years Ago," by 
 C. Cook, 1887. 
 
 35. Mrs. Cockran. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Mai bone — Continued: 103 
 
 102
 
 36. Richard Dana. General Charles W. Darling. 
 
 37. Mrs. Richard Dana. General Charles W. Darling. 
 The Dana miniatures are both reproduced in A. H. 
 Wharton's "Salons." 
 
 38. David Deas, born 1 771 . 
 
 Mr. David Deas, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 39. Mathurin Livingston De Lancy. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 40. Mrs. R. C. Derby. 3^x2^. Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 41. Mrs. R. C. Derby. Dr. W. P. Derby, Boston. 
 Reproduced in A. H. Wharton's "Heirlooms," 1898. 
 
 42. Dr. Drayton. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 43. Mrs. Drayton. 
 
 44. Eben Farley. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 45. Lydia Coolidge Farley. Worcester Art Museum. 
 Numbers 44 and 45 are both reproduced in "Bulletin 
 of Worcester Art Museum," Oct. 191 5. 
 
 46. Miss Ferguson, Daughter of Adams Ferguson. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 47. Miss Fenwick. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 48. Nicholas Fish. 
 
 Mrs. D. Le Roy, Newport, R. I. 
 
 Reproduced in C. W. Bowen's "Centennial of the In- 
 auguration of Washington," 1892. 
 
 49. Captain Fletcher. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 50. R. A. Fraser. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 51. Robert Fulton. (1765-1815.) 3x2^. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 52. Mrs. Gadsden. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 $3. Philip Gadsden. Attributed to Malbone. 
 
 Mr. J. Gadsden, Charleston, S. C. 
 54. Alister Garden. Attributed to Malbone. 
 
 Mrs. H. S. Holmes, Charleston, S. C. 
 Malbone — Continued: 104 
 
 103
 
 $$. Nicholas Gilman. Attributed to Malbone. 
 
 Mrs. C. W. Bowen, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 56. Sarah Ladson Gilmor. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 57. Rachel Gratz. 1806? 
 
 The Misses Mordecai, Pa., 1898. 
 
 58. Rebecca Gratz. 1806? 
 
 The Misses Mordecai, Pa., 1898. 
 Numbers 57 and 58 are both reproduced in A. H. 
 Wharton's "Heirlooms," 1898. 
 
 59. Ray Greene, U. S. Senator. 
 
 Miss Turner, Newport, R. I., 1884. 
 
 60. Martha Washington Greene. 2^ x 2^. Oval. 
 
 Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 61. Mrs. John Faucherand Grimke. Attributed to Mal- 
 bone. Miss T. S. Grimke, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 62. Miss Grimke. 2^x2. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 63. Major Hamilton. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 64. Miss Matty Hatch. See Mason: "Gilbert Stuart," p. 
 194. 
 
 65. Carl Frederick Herreshoff. Mr. Lewis Herreshoff. 
 
 66. Sarah Brown Herreshoff. Mr. Lewis Herreshoff. 
 
 67. Thomas Hovey. (1762-1830.) Attributed to Malbone. 
 
 Mr. T. H. Gage, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 68. Major Handy. Miss Handy, Newport, R. I., 1884. 
 Reproduced in G. C. Mason's, "Reminiscences of 
 Newport," 1884. 
 
 69. Mrs. C. W. Hare, nee Emlen. Miss Hare, Pa., 1898. 
 Reproduced in A. H. Wharton's "Heirlooms," 1898. 
 
 70. Charles Harris. 1804. 334 x 3. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 71. R.D.Harris. 1804. 3^x3. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 Reproduced in Dunlap's "History," 1918 edition. 
 
 Malbone — Continued: 105 
 104
 
 72. Mrs. Mary D. Harris. Wife of Jonathan Harris. 3^ 
 x iyi. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 73. Major Jonathan Haskell. 2^x2. Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 74. Mrs. F. Haywood. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston S. C. 
 
 75. Mrs. B. Hazard. Owned in Newport, 1884. 
 
 76. James H. Heyward. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Taylor, Baltimore, 1898. 
 
 77. Mrs. James H. Heyward. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Taylor, Baltimore, 1898. 
 Numbers 76 and 77 are both reproduced in A. H. 
 Wharton's "Heirlooms," 1898. 
 
 78. Miss Matilda Hoffman. 1806? 
 
 Mrs. G. S. Bowdoin, N. Y., 18 18. 
 Reproduced in A. H. Wharton's "Heirlooms," 1898. 
 
 79. Mrs. Daniel Horrey. 
 
 Mrs. St. Julien Ravenel, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 80. Miss Huger. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 81. Judge Daniel Huger. 1800. 
 
 Mr. D. E. Huger Smith, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 82. "Mr. Izard's Three Daughters. " 1803-4. Painted in 
 Charleston, S. C. 
 
 83. Captain George Izard. 3 yi x 2%. 
 
 Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 Reproduced in color in "Scribner's" May, 1910. 
 
 84. Mrs. Ralph Izard. 1803-4. 
 
 Dr. G. E. Manigault, Charleston, S. C. 
 Reproduced in C. W. Bowen's "Centennial of the In- 
 auguration of Washington," 1892. 
 
 85. Elizabeth Allston Jervey. 2^ x 2 yi. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 86. Major James Ladson. Miss Isabel Ladson. 
 
 Malbone — Continued: 106 
 
 105
 
 87. Mrs. James Ladson, nee Judith Smith. 
 
 Miss Isabel Ladson. 
 
 88. Sarah Reeves Ladson. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, 
 S. C. 
 
 89. Mrs. P. H. S. Lee. 
 
 The Misses Lee, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 90. George Long. Rhode Island School of Design. 
 Reproduced in "R. I. School of Design Bulletin," 
 Oct. 1914. 
 
 91. Mrs. Lowndes. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 3 yi x 2 yi. Oval. Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 92. James W. Lowndes. 3x2^. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 93. Harriet Lyman, later Mrs. B. Hazard. 
 
 Mr. Peyton Randolph Hazard, Newport, R. I. 
 
 94. Harriet Mackie. 
 
 Mrs. Reid Whitford, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 95. General John McPherson. Portrait of his son on the 
 reverse. Miss Rosa Pringle, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 96. General William Malcom. 
 
 Miss M. C. Snowden, Sing Sing, N. Y., 1892. 
 Reproduced in C. W. Bowen, "Centennial." 
 
 97. Edward Greene Malbone, 1797. Signed on reverse: 
 "Edw. G. Malbone Miniature Painter." 
 Reproduced in color "Scribner's," May, 1910. 
 
 Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 
 98. Mr. Manigault, 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 99. Joseph Marx. Penn. Academy. 
 
 100. Asher Marx. Penn. Academy. 
 
 101. Mrs. Middleton, 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 102. Joseph Kirk Milnor. 
 
 Miss F. T. Milnor, Long Island, 1898. 
 Reproduced in A. H. Wharton "Heirlooms," 1898. 
 
 Malbone — Continued: 107 
 106
 
 
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 103. Sally Foster Otis. 
 
 Reproduced in ''Bulletin of the Society for the Preser- 
 vation of New England Antiquities," March, 1917. 
 Also "Life of Harrison Gray Otis." Also Griswold: 
 "American Court." Owned by the Otis family, 
 Boston. 
 
 104. Theophilus Parsons, 1796. 
 
 Reproduced in "Essex Inst. Collections" v. 35, p. 97. 
 
 105. George Pawley. 
 
 Mrs. Reid Whitford, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 106. Mrs. George Pawley. 
 
 Mrs. Reid Whitford, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 107. Mary Pawley. 
 
 Mrs. Reid Whitford, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 108. Edward Perry. Attributed to Malbone. 
 
 Mr. C. C. Waring, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 109. Joseph Pierce, Jr. 2^ xiyi. Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 no. General C. C. Pinckney. (1746-1825.) 
 
 Mrs. T. Pinckney, Charleston, S. C. 
 in. General Thomas Pinckney, (1750-1828). Painted in 
 Charleston, S. C, 1803-4. 
 
 112. Mrs. Poinsett. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 113. Miss Poinsett. 1803-4? Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 iy% x 2^. Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 Reproduced in color in "Scribner's," May, 1910. 
 
 114. Joel Roberts Poinsett. (1779-1851.) Painted in 
 Charleston, S. C. 2 yi x 2%. Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 Reproduced in color in "Scribner's," May, 1910. 
 
 115. Mrs. Moses Poor. 
 
 Miss C. Webb, Washington, D. C, 1902. 
 Reproduced in A. H. W 7 harton's "Social Life," 1902. 
 
 Malbone — Continued: 108 
 107
 
 n6. Portrait. Reproduced in color. "Scribner's," May, 
 1900. Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 
 117. Portrait of a Lady in Fancy Costume. 3^ x i$i. 
 
 Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 118. Portrait of a Lady. 3 x 1%. Brooklyn Museum. 
 
 119. Commodore Preble. 
 
 The late Mrs. A. P. T. de H. Carpenter, 1920. 
 
 120. Honorable James Reid Pringle. Painted in 1800. 
 Reproduced in "Art in America," June, 191 5. 
 
 Miss C. P. Ravenel. 
 
 121. Richard Kidder Randolph. Profile 1800. 
 
 Mrs. Thomas Breese, Newport, R. I., 1884. 
 
 122. Thomas Radcliffe. (1776-1806.) 2^ x i}i. Painted 
 in Charleston 1803-4. Mr. John Hill Morgan. 
 
 123. Captain Benjamin Rathbone. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 124. L. P. S. Rhode Island School of Design. 
 Reproduced in R. I. School of Design Bulletin," Oct. 
 1914. 
 
 125. Stephen Salisbury the First. 
 
 Worcester Art Museum. 
 Reproduced in "Bulletin of the Worcester Art Mu- 
 seum, April, 1 91 4. 
 
 126. Mrs. Stephen Salisbury the First (Elizabeth Tucker- 
 man). Worcester Art Museum. 
 Reproduced in "Bulletin of the Worcester Art Mu- 
 seum," April, 1914. 
 
 127. Mr. Samuel Lawbere, 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, 
 S. C. 
 
 128. Colonel Richard Singleton. 2^ x 2^. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 129. Mrs. Sinkler. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Malbone — Continued: 109 
 108
 
 130. Colonel Scolbay of Boston. 
 
 "There is a fine miniature of Colonel Scolbay ot Boston 
 in possession of his daughters; they told me that 
 Stuart used to come, at least once a year, to see it, 
 desiring them to take great care of it, as it was decid- 
 edly the finest miniature in the world." 
 
 Malbone's sister, Mrs. Whitehorne, to Dunlap, 1834. 
 
 131. Mary Ann Smith. 
 
 Mrs. H. S. Foster, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 132. Mrs. Robert Smith, daughter of J. J. Pringle. 
 
 A copy of Malbone's miniature by Ernest Gerard, 
 Paris, is owned by Mr. R. T. Smith. 
 
 133. Dr. Elisha Story. 2^x2^. The Essex Institute. 
 Reproduced in "Essex Institute Collections," v. 50. 
 
 P- ^35- 
 
 134. Mr. Strong. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 135. Archibald Taylor. 2^ x iyi. Mr. John Hill Morgan. 
 
 136. Lady Temple. Attributed to Malbone. 
 
 Mrs. G. S. Bowdoin, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 137. A. Louis Tousard. Engraved by Longacre. 
 
 138. Job Townsend. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 139. Mrs. Benjamin Foissin Trapier. 
 
 Miss Alicia Trapier, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 140. Mrs. Paul Trapier (Alicia Shubrick). Painted in 
 Charleston, S. C, 1803-4. 
 
 Reproduced in A. H. Wharton: "Heirlooms," 1898. 
 
 Mr. W. Hayne, Jackson, Miss., 1898. 
 
 141. Colonel Trumbull. Painted in New York. 
 
 142. Mr. Vaughan. 1803-4. Painted in Charleston, S. C. 
 
 143. Mrs. Julian Verplank. (Eliza Fenno.) 
 
 Mr. B. Richards, N. Y., 1898. 
 
 Reproduced in A. H. Wharton, "Heirlooms," 1898. 
 
 Malbone — Continued: no 
 109
 
 1 44- Mrs. Robert Weir (Lucretia Tuckerman). 
 
 Worcester Art Museum. 
 Reproduced in "Bulletin of the Worcester Art Mu- 
 seum," April, 1914. 
 
 145. Miss West. 2^ix2)4' Mr. A. Rosenthal. 
 
 146. Mrs. John Whitehorne. Pastel. 
 
 Exhibition Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 147. Henry De Wolff. 
 
 The Misses Middleton, Newport, R. I. 
 
 148. Charles De Wolff. 
 
 Mrs. W. Guild, Newport, R. I., 1884. 
 
 149. Major Samuel Wragg. (1769-1842.) Painted in 
 Charleston, S. C, 1803-4. 
 
 Reproduced in Dunlap's "History," 191 8 Edition. It 
 may be remarked that this reproduction is from a 
 photograph taken at a slant and does not perfectly 
 represent the picture. 
 
 150. Joseph Yates. Miss May Snowden, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 151. Mrs. Yates. Miss May Snowden, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 152. The Little Scotch Girl. 
 
 Reproduced in "Scribner's, " May, 1900. 
 
 Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 
 153. The Birth of Shakespeare. Painted about 1793. 
 Reproduced in "Scribner's," May, 1900. 
 
 Mrs. C. Carleton and Mrs. H. S. Marshall, 1900. 
 
 154. The Hours. Providence x^thenaeum. 
 
 155. Charles Fraser's Niece. 3^x2^. 
 
 Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 156. William Manigault Hey wood. A copy by Fraser 
 belongs to Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 157. James Bowdoin. Miniature copy after Gilbert Stuart. 
 See Mason: "Stuart," p. 267. 
 
 Malbone — Continued: 1 1 1 
 no
 
 MAPES, James Jay 
 
 b. May 29, 1S06, New York; d. there, J miliary 10, 1S66. 
 Amateur miniature painter. 
 
 Ma pes received the title "Honorary Member 
 N.A.D." in 1833. From 1835 to ^38 ne was "Professor 
 of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy of Colors," at 
 the National Academy. 
 
 MARAS, M. 
 
 Flourished 1800-/802, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Maras was a Frenchman who after a few years in 
 
 New York went to Constantinople and became painter 
 
 to the Sultan. 
 
 MARCHANT, Edward Dalton 
 
 b. December 16, /806, Edgartown, Mass.; d. August ij, 
 
 1887, Asbury Park, N. J. 
 Portrait painter in oils a?id miniature. 
 
 Marchant first exhibited at the N. A. in 1829. In 
 1843 ne visited certain "Western cities" and finally 
 went to Nashville. In 1845 ne settled in Philadelphia. 
 Among the sitters for his portraits in oil were Henry 
 Clay, William Henry Harrison, and Andrew Jackson. 
 
 1. Pliny Earl, 1 809-1 892. 
 
 Mr. T. Hovey Gage, Worcester, Mass. 
 
 MAUVAIS 
 
 Flourished 1776, Savannah, Georgia. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 1. Major John Gedney Clarke. Essex Institute. 
 
 Mapes — Mauvais: 1 1 2 
 in
 
 MEANCE 
 
 Flourished 1795, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 A portrait of N. G. Dufief is inscribed "Meance delt. 
 Edwin set. " Meance also inserted a notice in the 
 "Gazette Francais" for 1795. 
 
 MERCER, William 
 
 Flourished 1773-1850, Philadelphia. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 William Mercer, the deaf mute son of General 
 Mercer, and not the nephew as Dunlap states, was a 
 pupil of Charles Willson Peale. Rembrandt Peale in an 
 instalment of his "Reminiscences" in the "Crayon" for 
 June 13, 1855 tells an amusing story of William Mercer 
 during the Peace Demonstration in 1783. He concludes: 
 'This same Mr. Mercer, under my father's tuition, 
 became an excellent portrait painter, and continued his 
 profession till his death a few years ago." 
 
 METCALF, Eliab 
 
 b. February 5, 17S5, Franklin , Mass.; d. January 75, 
 1834, New York. 
 
 Silhouette cutter and portrait painter in miniature and oils. 
 Metcalf was in Guadaloupe in 1807 to 1808 and later 
 in Canada and Nova Scotia. He studied drawing in 
 New York in 18 10 and painted his first portraits about 
 1 81 5. Owing to ill health he went to New Orleans in 
 1 8 19. In 1822 and later he visited the islands of St. 
 Croix and St. Thomas. The winter of 1 823-1 824 he 
 spent in New York. He then left for Havana where he 
 
 Meance — Metcalf: 113 
 112
 
 remained the rest of his life visiting New York annually. 
 
 1. Joseph Rodman Drake. Mr. Charles de Kay, 1914. 
 
 2. Captain Benjamin Bradford. Circular. Possibly by 
 Metcalf. U. S. National Museum. 
 
 3. Captain Thomas Broom. 
 
 Mrs. F. M. La Bruce, Charleston, 1901. 
 
 4. Dr. John Haslett (1799-1878). Ivory3x23g. Painted 
 1822. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 
 See J. H. Morgan; Miniature by Metcalf, Brooklyn 
 Museum Quarterly, Jan., 1921. 
 
 MEYER, Henry Hoppner 
 
 b. lySj England; d. May 28, 1847, London. 
 
 Stipple engraver and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 The nephew of the celebrated John Hoppner from 
 whom he received assistance, Hoppner Meyer, as he was 
 generally called, also learned engraving from Francesco 
 Bartolozzi whose stipple manner he followed. He 
 exhibited portraits in oil and water color during 1821- 
 1826. One of the founders of the Society of British 
 Artists he became, in 1828, the president of that asso- 
 ciation and at the first exhibition showed eight portraits, 
 two chalk drawings and forty-three engravings. At 
 the exhibition in 1826 he showed a portrait of Charles 
 Lamb. In 1830 he sailed for the United States where he 
 was employed engraving portraits and painting minia- 
 tures. 
 
 1. Andrew Jackson, 1832. 
 
 Mrs. R. J. Laurence, Tennessee, 1897. 
 
 2. Edward L. Carey. Water color. 
 
 Meyer: 114 
 "3
 
 MIFFLIN, J. H. 
 
 Flourished 1840-1842, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 1. "Mrs. Mary Ann Washington, painted about 1840 at 
 Milledgeville, Ga., by Mifflin of N. Y." 
 
 U. S. National Museum. 
 MILES, Edward 
 
 b. October 14^ 1752^ Yarmouth^ England; d. 1828, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 Miniature painter and portrait draughtsman in crayons. 
 
 Edward Miles started out in life as an errand boy to 
 a surgeon of Yarmouth who encouraged him in his taste 
 for drawing. In 1771 he moved to London where he met 
 Sir William Beechy, who painted his portrait, and Sir 
 Joshua Reynolds, who employed him to make copies in 
 miniature of his paintings. During 1775—1779 he ex- 
 hibited 53 miniatures at the Royal Academy. After 
 being painter to the Duchess of York, he finally became 
 painter to Queen Charlotte whose portrait he painted. 
 He also painted portraits of a number of the princesses. 
 In 1797 he went to Russia and was court painter to Tsar 
 Paul. He stayed in Russia during the time of the 
 assassination of the Tsar and the elevation to the throne 
 of the Tsarevich Alexander and saw the Napoleonic 
 invasion of St. Petersburg. A portrait he painted of Tsar 
 Alexander was given to the Earl of Liverpool. Tsarina 
 Maria Louisa of Baden was also one of his sitters. About 
 1806 he left St. Petersburg and sailed for the United 
 States, arriving in Philadelphia in 1807 where he lived 
 the rest of his life. In 1808 he lived at Third and 
 Chestnut. In 1809 he is called, "portrait painter in 
 
 Mifflin— Miles: 115 
 
 114
 
 crayons" and his address was 61 N. Seventh St. From 
 1 8 14 to 1 8 17 he lived at 210 Walnut Street and from 
 181 8 to 1824 he lived at 206 on the same street. He 
 moved, still remaining on Walnut Street, however, to 
 218 in 1825 and is called a "drawing master." He seems 
 to have been a man of independent means, painting his 
 excellent miniatures for his friends and giving drawing 
 lessons only after his son failed in business. 
 
 1. Grand Duchess "Marie Paulowa von Russland." 
 Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst von Sachsen-Weimar- 
 
 Eisenach, 191 2. 
 
 2. Alexander of Russia. Mr. E. Miles, Pa., 1898. 
 
 3. Maria Louisa of Baden. Mr. E. Miles, Pa., 1898. 
 
 4. A Russian Princess. Mr. E. Miles, Pa., 1898. 
 
 5. A Russian Princess. Mr. E. Miles, Pa., 1898. 
 
 6. Unfinished Portrait of a Lady. 
 
 Mr. E. Miles, Pa., 1898. 
 
 7. Queen Charlotte. 
 
 8. Bishop White. 
 
 MILLER and HILLYER 
 
 Flourished 18 46-1 861, New York. 
 Miniature painting partnership. 
 
 MILLER, Godfred 
 
 Flourished 1841-1887, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He is listed as "an artist" in the later entries in the 
 New York directories. 
 
 MILLER, William H. 
 
 Flourished 1846-184"/, New York. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Miller and Hill yer— Miller: 1 1 6 
 
 Us
 
 MORANGES 
 
 Flourished 1795, Baltimore. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 "Mr. Moranges takes the liberty to offer his 
 services to the public as well in drawing pictures as 
 giving lessons. His terms are the moderate sum of 12 
 dollars." 'Federal Intelligencer and Baltimore Daily 
 Gazette," July 2, 1795. 
 
 MOREIN, J. A. 
 
 Flourished 1841-1842, New York. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 MORSE, Samuel Finley Breese 
 
 b. April 27, 1791, Charleston, Mass.; d. April 2, 1872, 
 
 New York. 
 Inventor and portrait painter. 
 
 Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, started his 
 career as an artist. As a young man he painted minia- 
 tures at five dollars apiece with the stipulation that the 
 sitter furnish his own ivory. For a profile drawing he 
 charged a dollar. -He was president of the N. A. from 
 1827 to 1845 an d from 1861 to 1862. See "The Letters 
 and Journals of S. F. B. Morse," edited by Edward L. 
 Morse. Boston, 1914. 
 
 MUNGER, Caroline 
 
 b. 1808, Guilford, Conn.; d. 1892, Madison, Conn. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 The daughter of George Munger. She married Horace 
 Washburn in 1831 and exhibited miniatures at the 
 
 Moranges — Munger : 117 
 116
 
 National Academy in New York in 1841 as Mrs. H. B. 
 Washburn. 
 
 MUNGER, George 
 
 b. February //, 17S1, Guilford, Conn.; d. July 2, 1825, 
 
 New Haven. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 A fellow student in New Haven of Anson Dickinson, 
 Munger gave up painting only to resume it again in 
 1 81 5. At one time he operated salt works at Milford, 
 Connecticut. 
 
 1. Self portrait. Oil on paper mounted on wood. Painted 
 about 1800. Mr. Geo. B. Munger, East River, Conn. 
 
 2. Captain Josiah Munger. Oil on paper mounted on 
 wood. Mr. Geo. B. Chittenden, East River, Conn. 
 
 3. Mrs. Harrison. Dr. Wellman, D.D., East River, Conn. 
 
 NEWCOMBE, George W. 
 
 b. Sept. 22, s?99, in England; d. Feb. io, 1845, New York. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Newcombe came to New York in 1829 and is said to 
 have been very successful painting portraits in that city. 
 
 1. Thomas Gurnee. N. A. Exhibition, 1844. 
 
 2. "Gustavus Schroeder, Esq., in an Old French Costume 
 
 1 6th Century." N. A. Exhibition, 1839. 
 
 NEWPORT, J. W. 
 
 Flourished 184.6-184^, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He exhibited three "Miniatures of Gentlemen" at the 
 Pennsylvania Academy in 1847. 
 
 Munger G. — Newport : 118 
 117
 
 OFFICER, Thomas S. 
 
 b. about 1820, Carlisle, Penn.; d. Jan. 1860, California. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Thomas Officer painted miniatures in New Orleans 
 before coming to Philadelphia in 1845. ^ n J ^47 he 
 moved to New York and exhibited at the Academy 
 until 1849. I n that year he returned to New Orleans. 
 At the close of the Mexican War he established himself 
 in Mexico City. Later he lived in Australia and finally 
 settled in California. He exhibited seven miniatures 
 at the N. A. Exhibitions of 1848 and 1849. 
 
 8. Professor Mapes. N. A. Exhibition 1847. 
 
 9. Mrs. Isaac Ball. 
 
 The Misses Ball, Charleston, 1901. 
 
 O'HARA, Miss 
 
 Flourished 1834, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 OTIS, Bass 
 
 b. 1784.) Bridgewater, Mass.; d. November J, 1861, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 Portrait painter and lithographer. 
 
 Bass Otis made one of the earliest lithographs in the 
 United States. It was printed in the "Analectic Maga- 
 zine" for July 1 8 19. Apprenticed first to a scythe maker 
 and later to a coach painter he finally turned to art as a 
 profession and painted portraits in New York in 1808. 
 In 1 812 he moved to Philadelphia and continued his 
 profession. An extensive article on the artist appears 
 in "The Pennsylvania Magazine of History, " for 1913. 
 1. Miss Eliza Pierce. i}i x 1 y&. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 Officer — Otis: 119 
 118
 
 PARISEN, Philip 
 
 Flourished 1798-1812, New York. 
 Miniature painter and jeweller. 
 
 A mediocre miniature painter, the son of a silver- 
 smith named Otto Parissiens who came from Prussia. 
 
 PARISSEN, William D. 
 
 Flourished 1819-1832, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 PARKER, Thomas H. 
 
 b. 1801, Sag Harbor, L. I.; d. after 1851. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Parker studied under Rogers in New York and 
 settled shortly after in Hartford in 1829, where he was 
 extensively employed as a popular miniature painter. 
 He was the teacher and later the partner of C. W. 
 Eldredge. 
 
 PARSELL, Abraham 
 
 Flourished 1825-184J, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 PARSELL, J. H. 
 
 Flourished 1846-184.'/, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 PARTRIDGE, Joseph 
 
 Flourished 1819-1822, Halifax, N. S. 
 Miniature painter in water color. 
 
 Partridge was a drawing master who established 
 himself in Halifax in 18 19. 
 
 Parisen P. — Partridge: 120 
 119
 
 I. Joseph Partridge. Water color. 9^x6^. Painted 
 in 1 819. On heavy paper. 
 
 Mr. Harry Piers, Halifax, N. S. 
 
 PEALE, x%na Claypoole 
 
 b. March 6, 779/, Philadelphia; d. there > Dec. 25, 1878. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Anna Claypoole Peale inherited her artistic gifts 
 both from her father James Peale and from her maternal 
 grandfather James Claypoole, a Colonial portrait 
 painter. She painted in Philadelphia, Washington, 
 New York and Boston. She married twice and ex- 
 hibited her work under three names, her maiden name 
 and as Mrs. Stoughton and Mrs. Duncan. 
 
 1. Commodore Bainbridge. Penn. Academy, 1822. 
 
 2. Sarah Ball Richards Colwell, 1 805-1 888. Oval. Partly 
 in oil . 2^x1 Mr. Herbert DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 3. General Andrew Jackson. Penn. x^cademy, 1819. 
 
 4. Mrs. Andrew Jackson. Penn. Academy, 1 819. 
 
 Mrs. R. J. Laurence, Tennessee, 1897. 
 
 5. Dr. Oliver Hubbard, about 1821. 3^x 2><. 
 
 Essex Institute. 
 
 6. Mrs. John Middleton. 
 
 Mrs. J. P. K. Bryan, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 7. Joseph Nicholson. 2x1^. 1826. 
 
 8. Mrs. Elizabeth Noel Bosley. 2x1^. 1823. 
 
 The two foregoing are in the possession of Mr. J. B. 
 Wyatt, Baltimore. 
 
 9. Mr. Henry Rodenwald. Signed "Anna C. Peale, 
 1825." Mrs. James W. Wilson, Baltimore. 
 
 10. Mrs. Henry Rodenwald. Signed "Ann'a C. Peale, 
 1825." Mrs. James W. Wilson, Baltimore. 
 
 Peale, A. C: 121 
 
 120
 
 11. Mrs. Richard Simmons. 
 
 Mrs. J. Rodgers, Burlington, N. J. 
 
 12. Mrs. Samuel W. Smith, nee Ellinor Donnell. Signed 
 "Anna C. Peale, 1823." 
 
 Mrs. C. S. Clark, Hartford Co., Maryland. 
 
 13. Walter E. Harding. 
 
 Dr. Carroll Fox, Washington, D. C. 
 
 PEALE, Charles Willson 
 
 b. April /J, 1741^ Queen Ann's County, Md.; d. Feb. 22, 
 
 1 8 27, Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Charles Willson Peale started in life as a saddler. 
 In 1762 he married and established himself in this 
 trade and also those of clock making and silver smithing. 
 In portions of his autobiography published by Mr. 
 Horace Wells Sellers in the "Pennsylvania Magazine 
 of History" 1 914, he tells how he became engrossed in 
 politics about 1764 but finally turned definitely to 
 painting the next year and visited Copley in Boston. 
 In 1766 he painted portraits in Virginia, and during 
 1 767-1 769 he was in London studying with West. 
 Before the American Revolution he was both in New 
 York and Philadelphia, and when war broke out he 
 served under Washington at Trenton and Princeton. 
 From 1779 to 1785 he was painting industriously. 
 His children were Rembrandt, Raphaelle, Titian, 
 Rubens, Vandyck, Sophonisba, Angelica Kaufman, 
 Linnaeus and Franklin. In his later years he estab- 
 lished a museum and was instrumental in founding the 
 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 
 
 Peale, C. W.: 122 
 
 121
 
 His miniature of Washington in the Metropolitan 
 Museum was once attributed to Copley. See C. H. 
 Hart on the Washington portraits in C. W. Bowen's 
 "Centennial of the Inauguration of Washington. " 
 
 1. William Bingham. (1755-1804). Oval. 1^x1^. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 2. Master Harold. 2^x2. Mr. Albert Rosenthal. 
 
 3. Alexander Hamilton. 1^x1^. 
 
 Miss M. Bart, Pa., 1897. 
 
 4. Major William Jackson. i75q-(i828). 
 
 Independence Hall, Pa. 
 
 5. Robert Morris. 
 
 Mr. I. C. Van Der Heuvel, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 6. Mrs. Robert Morris. 
 
 Mr. I. C. Van Der Heuvel, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 7. Mrs. James Montgomery, 1777. 
 
 Mrs. W. Griffiths, Pa., 1898. 
 
 8. Andrew Moore, 1796. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Moore, Lexington, Ky., 1892. 
 
 9. Colonel John Nixon. Mrs. C. Smith, Pa. 
 
 10. Peyton Randolph. (1721-1775.) Oval. 2^x1^. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 11. Mrs. A. Robinson, nee Angelica Peale. 
 
 12. Mrs. Philip Rogers. Mrs. Ridgeley, Baltimore. 
 
 13. Comte de Rochambeau. (1725-1807.) Oval. 1 H x 1 y&. 
 
 Mr. DuPuy. 
 
 14. Major Jonathan Sellman. 
 
 Mrs. M. D. Iglehart, Maryland, 1898. 
 
 15. Mrs. Charles Willson Peale. 
 
 16. Captain Andrew Summers. (1721-1775.) Oval. ifyi 
 x 1 y A . Mr. DuPuy. 
 
 Peale, C. W. — Continued: 123 
 
 122
 
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 17. Mrs. Andrew Summers. (1742-1806.) Oval. 1^x1^. 
 
 Mr. DuPuy. 
 
 18. Master Andrew Summers. Oval. i l /i\i%. 
 
 Mr. DuPuy. 
 
 19. General Samuel B. Webb. 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Laidley, Elizabeth, X. J., 1892. 
 
 20. George Washington, 1785. 
 
 Mrs. J. P. C. Foster, New Haven, 1892. 
 
 21. George Washington, 1785. 
 
 Long Island Historical Society, 1897. 
 
 22. George Washington, 1777. Metropolitan Museum. 
 22a. George Washington. 
 
 The estate of Dr. David Stuart, 1920. 
 
 23. Martha Washington. 
 
 Mrs. B. W. Kennon, Washington, D. C, 1897. 
 
 24. Thomas Wharton, Jr. (1735-1778.) Oval. 1^x1^. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 25. William White, 1770. 
 
 Miss M. R. Croes, Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 26. Unknown Man, 1790? Oval. 1^ x 1 %. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 27. Colonel John Laurens. Formerly owned by C. H. Hart. 
 
 28. John Sevier. Attributed to C. W. Peale. Reproduced 
 in A. Henderson: "Conquest of the Old Southwest." 
 
 PEALE, James 
 
 b. 17 49> Annapolis ^ Md.; d. May 24, 1831, Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter in miniature and oil. 
 
 James Peale painted a miniature on ivory ot Wash- 
 ington for a snuff box top in 1788, and another on paper 
 in 1795. His brother Charles Willson Peale is said to 
 have been so pleased with his miniatures that he gave 
 
 Peale, J.: 124 
 
 123
 
 up that branch of painting and referred his sitters to 
 James for miniature portraits. His miniatures are 
 signed generally in very small letters either "I. P., "or 
 "J. P. ". He also painted "A Recontre between Colonel 
 Allen McLane and Two British Horsemen" and several 
 other historical pictures in oils. 
 
 i. Henry Beck, signed "J. P. 1795." Oval. 2^x2. 
 
 Mr. H. Du Puy. 
 
 2. Gunning Bedford. (1720-1802.) 
 
 Mrs. W. Reed, Baltimore. 
 
 3. Miss Molly Callahan. 2^x2. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 4. Miss Peggy Callahan. 2^x2, Signed "J. P. 1793". 
 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 5. James Claypoole Copper. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 6. Mrs. James Claypoole Copper, 1795. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 7. Isaac Coles, 1793. The Misses Coles, Sonans, Penn. 
 
 8. Tench Francis, 1798. Mr. E. Gardiner, Pa., 1898. 
 
 9. Christopher Greenup. Signed "J. P. 1797." 
 
 Miss F. R. Hagner, Washington, D. C, 1920 
 
 10. Mary Richards Ball Frazer. (1778-1800.) Oval 
 iy 2 x 2. Mr. H. DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 11. John Hancock. Mentioned as lost by C. H. Hart. 
 
 12. James Harwood, 1810. 2/4x2^. 
 
 Mrs. J. B. Schwatka, Baltimore. 
 
 13. Nicholas Harwood, 1798. 2^x2^. 
 
 Mrs. J. B. Schwatka, Baltimore. 
 
 14. John Callahan. Signed "J. P. 1799." 3x2^. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 15. Alexander Hamilton, 1789. 
 
 Mr. C. W. Bowen, Brooklyn, 1892. 
 
 Peale, J. — Continued: 125 
 
 124
 
 1 6. Anne Anry Pierre Bellon de Pont, (i 772-1 854.) 
 Oval. iy A x 1 y&. Mr. H. DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 17. Dr. William E. Hulings. (1765-1839.) Signed "J. P. 
 1789. " Oval. 1 u x 1 H- Mr. H. DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 18. Mrs. William E. Hulings, 1770-1854. Oval. 3x2. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 19. Mrs. Elizabeth Kortright Monroe Hay, daughter of 
 President Monroe. Signed "J. P. 1814. " 
 
 Stan. V. Henkels sale. 
 
 20. Chancellor John Johnson. 
 
 Mr. J. Hensley Johnson. 
 
 21. Samuel Johnson, 1792. 
 
 Mrs. C. Jones, Rock Hill, S. C, 1892. 
 
 22. Samuel Johnson, 1753. 
 
 Mrs. M. T. Shipp, Raleigh, N. C, 1892. 
 
 23. James Mackubbin, 1798. 
 
 The Misses Walton, Annapolis, Md., 1898. 
 
 24. Major Griffith John McRae. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 25. Mrs. James Madison, 1794. 
 
 Mrs. R. D. Cutts, Brookline, Mass., 1892. 
 Reproduced in M. C. Crawford: "Romantic Days in 
 the Early Republic." 
 
 26. Harrison Gray Otis, 1 765-1 848. Oval. 2^x2^. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 27. Self portrait. Mr. Gilbert S. Parker, 1919. 
 
 28. Anna Peale. Signed and dated. 2 l /^ x 3^- 
 
 Mr. A. Rosenthal. 
 
 29. John Steele, 1797. 
 
 Mr. S. F. Lord, Salisbury, N. C, 1892. 
 
 30. Pontius Delare Stelle. 1^4 xi^. Signed "J. P. 1790." 
 
 Miss Bertha E. Perrie, Washington, D. C. 
 
 31. Pontius Delare Stelle, 1779. 
 
 Peale, J. — Continued: 126 
 
 125
 
 32. Mrs. General Van Ness, nee Marcia Burns. 
 
 The Corcoran Gallery of Art. 
 22- Martha Washington, 1782. 
 
 Mr. Durant du Pont, New Orleans, 1892. 
 34. George Washington, 1782. 
 
 Mr. Durant du Pont, New Orleans, 1892. 
 3$. George Washington, 1788. On ivory. 
 
 Washington Grays, Artillery Corps, Pa. 
 
 36. George Washington, 1795. On paper. Formerly in the 
 possession of Charles Henry Hart. 
 
 37. Portrait of a Man. Signed "J. P. 1797." 2^ix2}i. 
 
 Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 
 38. Portrait of a Lady. Signed "J. P. 1797." 2^x2^. 
 
 Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 
 39. Portrait of an Unknown Man. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 40. Nelly Custis. 5^x4^. 
 
 Mr. R. T. Haines Halsey. 
 
 41. George Gale. Mrs. G. A. Murphy, Baltimore. 
 This miniature is reproduced in C. W. Bowen's book 
 without attribution. It is, however, signed "I. P. 
 1794." 
 
 42. Samuel Johnston. First U. S. Senator of North 
 Carolina. Mr. Charles E. Johnson, Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 43. Rembrandt Peale. Signed "I. P. 1795." 
 
 Mr. John Hill Morgan. 
 
 PEALE, Raphaelle 
 
 b. February 17 ) I774> Annapolis ^Md.; d. March 25, 1825, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Miniature and still life painter. 
 
 A son of Charles Willson Peale. In the Exhibition 
 
 Catalogue of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine 
 
 Peale, R.: 127 
 126
 
 Arts he is listed as: "Portrait, miniature and Still Life 
 Painter, 24 Powell between Fifth and Sixth Streets." 
 
 1. George Washington. Profile. Water-color. 
 
 Mr. H. H. Houston, 1897. 
 
 PEALE, Rembrandt 
 
 b. February 22, 1778, Bucks Co., Pa.; d. October 4, /860, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature and historical painter. 
 
 Rembrandt, one of the sons of Charles Willson Peale, 
 studied in London under Benjamin West (during 1802- 
 1803. In 1 804 he was established in Philadelphia. In 
 1807 and again in 1809 he went to Paris and painted 
 portraits of a number of distinguished men, counting 
 among his sitters Louis David, the painter, Delambre, 
 the astronomer, Gay-Lussac, the chemist, and Cuvier, 
 the naturalist and statesman. During 181 2-1 813 he was 
 in Baltimore and in 1 822-1 828 he was in Philadelphia, 
 Boston and New York. At the end of the latter year he 
 made a tour of Italy, visiting Paris and London, and 
 returned to New York late in 1830. He made a final 
 visit to London in 1 832-1 833, visiting also Sheffield and 
 Liverpool. His remaining years were passed for the 
 most part in Philadelphia. 
 
 1. Govert Haskins. (1769-1829.) Oval. 2^xi^. 1798. 
 
 Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 2. Reverend Thomas Haskins. (1760-18 16.) Oval. 
 3 x 1%. Signed "R. Peale." Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 3. Catherine Mellish. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 4. Doyle E. Sweeney. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 5. General Anthony Wayne. (1745-1796.) Oval. 2^<x 
 2H- Signed "R. P. 1796." Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 Peale, R.: 128 
 127
 
 6. Unknown Young Man. Oval. 3 yi x 2fs\ Signed 
 "R. P. 1803." Mr. H. DuPuy. 
 
 PEALE, Sarah M. 
 
 b. May 19, 1800, Philadelphia; d. there, Feb. 4, 1885. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Sarah Peale was the daughter of James Peale. She 
 studied with her uncle Charles Willson Peale. From 
 1847 to 1877 she was in Saint Louis. She also painted 
 in Baltimore and Washington, D. C. 
 
 1. Miniature Portrait of a Lady. Penn. Academy, 1826. 
 
 2. Mrs. Thomas Biddle. 2^x2^. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 PEASE, C. W. 
 
 Flourished 184.4, Providence, R. I. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 PELHAM, Henry 
 
 b. February 14, 1/48-9, Boston, Mass.; d. 1806, Kenmare 
 
 River, Ireland. 
 Engraver and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 The half brother of John Singleton Copley. About 
 1778 he visited England and at the Royal Academy 
 Exhibition of that year displayed a religious composition 
 and two miniatures. In 1779 he again exhibited at the 
 Royal Academy showing four miniatures. Shortly after 
 he went to Ireland and in 1780 exhibited at the Society 
 of Artists in Dublin. He also drew views for Grose's 
 "Antiquities of Ireland," and made a map of County 
 Clare. He was drowned in Kenmare River by the 
 capsizing of a boat while he was supervisor of some 
 
 Peale S. M. — Pelham: 129 
 128
 
 engineering construction in the service of the Marquis 
 of Lansdowne. 
 
 1. William Wignell Stevens. Mr. H. G. Curtis. 
 
 2. Stephen Hooper. "Sir, agreeable to your directions I 
 have done your portrait in miniature and have it sett 
 in Gold." Henry Pelham to Stephen Hooper, Sept. 9, 
 
 1773- 
 
 The writer can find no trace of this picture. 
 
 3. Jonathan Clark. Oval. i^xi-Hs. Boston Museum. 
 
 Loaned by Miss Mary Amory Greene. 
 PENNEY, L. P. 
 
 Flourished 1845, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 PERSICO, Gennarino 
 
 Flourished 1822-1834, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter and drawing teacher. 
 
 The brother of Lugi Persico, the sculptor. He came 
 
 from Naples. See "Lancaster Historical Society 
 
 Papers," v. 16, No. 10. 
 
 PETTICOLAS, Edward F. 
 
 b. before 1803, Philadelphia; still living 1844. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 The son of Philip A. Petticolas. He practiced minia- 
 ture painting in Richmond 1 805-1 834 after studying 
 with Thomas Sully in Philadelphia. A portrait he 
 painted in oils of John Marshall is in the collection of 
 Mr. Malcolm G. Brace, South Boston, Virginia. 
 Petticolas made two visits to London, the last in 1826. 
 
 r. Elihu Etting. Signed "E. F. Petticolas 1799." 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy. 
 
 Penney — Petticolas, E. F. : 130 
 
 129
 
 PETTICOLAS, Philip A. 
 b. 1760; d. 1843. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Petticolas painted miniatures for years in Rich- 
 mond, Virginia. 
 
 1. George Washington. 
 
 Mr. Charles Frank, Washington, D. C. 
 
 2. George Washington. "Washington painted from life at 
 Philadelphia, 1796, P. A. Petticolas." 
 
 Mr. F. C. Sayles, Pawtucket, R. I., 1881. 
 
 PINE, Robert Edge 
 
 b. 1730 or 1742 London; d. November 19, 1788, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 Portrait and historical painter. 
 
 Pine painted in England for some years before coming; 
 to the United States in 1784 with his family. In Phila- 
 delphia he painted "The Congress Voting Indepen- 
 dence," which Savage later added to. The picture may 
 be taken as a group of miniature likenesses. A miniature 
 by Pine of George the Third was in the Wellesley 
 Collection in England lately dispersed at auction. 
 
 PLANTOU, Mrs. 
 
 Flourished 1820-/822, Washington, D. C, and Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature and historical painter. 
 
 She painted portraits in Washington, D. C, about 
 1820. In 1 821 she moved to Philadelphia. See Scharf, 
 "History of Philadelphia," v. 2. 
 
 PORTER, John S. 
 
 Flourished 1832-1833, Boston. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Petticolas, P. A. — Porter: 131 
 130
 
 PRATT, Matthew 
 
 b. September 2J, 1734, Philadelphia; d. January 9, 1805, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 Pratt studied with his maternal uncle James Clay- 
 poole. About 1764 he studied in London under West. 
 In 1770 he went to Ireland and while there he painted a 
 portrait of Archdeacon Mann. He sailed for the 
 United States in June of the same year. The writer has 
 been unable to find a trace of the miniatures he is said 
 to have painted. 
 
 PRATT, Robert M. 
 
 b. 1S11, Binghampton, N. Y.; d. August jv, 1S8S, New 
 
 York. 
 Genre painter and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 A pupil first of S. F. B. Morse and later of C. C. 
 Ingham, Robert Pratt was better known as a figure 
 painter than as a painter of portraits. He was elected 
 N. A. in 1 851 and exhibited at the Academy. 
 
 PURINTON, J. 
 
 Flourished 1S02, Salem. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 "1802. Mr. Verstille and J. Purinton draw minia- 
 tures." Felt's "Annals of Salem." 
 
 RAMAGE, John 
 
 b. before 1763 Ireland; d. October 24, 1802, Montreal, 
 Canada. Miniature painter. 
 
 Nothing is known of Ramage until his entering the 
 Dublin Society Schools in 1763. He was practising as 
 
 Pratt, M — Ramage: 132 
 l 3 l
 
 an artist and goldsmith in Boston in 1775. An ardent 
 Tory he served as second lieutenant in the Royal Irish 
 Volunteers during that year. In 1776 he was in Halifax, 
 Nova Scotia. He again served with the British troops 
 during 1777 in New York, remaining, however, after 
 their departure and establishing himself as an artist at 
 25 William Street. While he was in New York he painted 
 a miniature of George Washington who noted in his 
 diary for October 1789: "Sat for Mr. Rammage near 
 two hours today, who was drawing a miniature of me 
 for Mrs. Washington." The frame of the Washington 
 miniature is of chased gold made by Ramage himself. 
 He fled to Canada to avoid domestic difficulties and 
 settled there permanently in 1794. Miniatures by 
 Ramage are excellent. 
 
 1. John Hampton Chase of Maryland. 
 
 Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 2. George Clinton. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Van Cortlandt, Croton, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 3. Elbridge Gerry. Mr. E. T. Gerry, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 4. Mrs. Elbridge Gerry. Mr. E. T. Gerry, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 5. Mrs. Elbridge Gerry. 
 
 Mrs. J. T. Clay, Marysville, Va., 1892. 
 
 6. Mrs. Alexander McComb. 
 
 Mrs. D. L. Trumbull, Norwich, Conn., 1898. 
 
 7. John Pintard, 1787. N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 8. Mrs. John Pintard, 1787. N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 9. Jonathan Trumbull. Stan. V. Henkels sale, 1896. 
 
 10. George Washington, 1789. 
 
 Mrs. M. Beach, Peekskill, N. Y., 1897. 
 
 11. George Washington. Mr. C. Allen Munn, N.Y. 
 
 Ramage — Continued: 133 
 132
 
 12. Major General Anthony Wayne. 
 
 Major Wayne, Paoli, Perm., 1892. 
 
 13. Gen. J. J. Van Rensselaer. Dr. J. J. Van Rensselaer. 
 
 14. William Few. 
 
 15. Mrs. William Few. 
 
 16. Isaac Coles. 
 
 17. Mr. Philip Livingston. 2xi>£. Mr. Albert Rosenthal. 
 
 18. Mrs. Philip Livingston. 2xi^. Mr. Albert Rosenthal. 
 
 19. Portrait of an Unknown Woman. 
 
 Mr. C. V. Wheeler, Washington. 
 
 20. Anthony Rutgers. 1 ? / 8 xi y 2 Mr. John Hill Morgan. 
 
 RENCH, Miss Polly 
 
 Flourished before the American Revolution. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Charles Willson Peale in his unpublished reminis- 
 cences tells the story of his visit to Miss Rench. He 
 asked if she had heard of Charles Willson Peale and 
 when she said she had and wanted to take lessons of him, 
 he replied "I am Mr. Peale and will be glad to give you 
 lessons." In a letter to his son Rembrandt Peale he 
 wrote: "She married Mr. Rush, then a young practi- 
 tioner of law, since a judge. After her marriage she 
 could never be prevailed on to paint a single picture; 
 she often told me that she only followed the profession 
 of painting to obtain a living, that it was very disagree- 
 able to her to stare in the faces of gentlemen as she 
 thought it savoured of impudence to paint ladies 
 portraits was more agreeable to her feelings." A. H. 
 Wharton in "Heirlooms and Miniatures" calls her 
 Mary Wrench. 
 
 Rench: 134 
 ! 33
 
 RICHARDSON, Mrs. C. S. 
 
 See Caroline Schetky. 
 
 RIDER, Alexander 
 
 Flourished 18/0-/825, Philadelphia. 
 Historical and miniature painter. 
 
 Rider came to the United States with his countryman 
 Krimmel from Germany in 18 10. In the catalogue of the 
 Pennsylvania Academy Exhibition for 181 1 he is listed 
 as a "Fancy Painter" and in 181 2 as a "Miniature 
 painter." There was a Rider in Charleston, South 
 Carolina, in 18 19 but it is not certain that he was the 
 same man. 
 
 ROBERTS, John 
 
 b. 1768 Scotland; d. /803, New York. 
 Engraver and miniature painter. 
 
 Roberts came to the United States in 1768 and 
 practiced miniature painting and stipple engraving and 
 also drew portraits in crayons. He gave up art ulti- 
 mately to carry out his experiments in steam navigation. 
 
 ROBERTSON, Alexander 
 
 b. May /J, ///'2, Aberdeen, Scotland; d. 1841, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Alexander Robertson, the brother of Archibald 
 Robertson, studied in London under Samuel Shelly 
 the miniature painter. He came to New York in 1792 
 and settled there permanently. 
 
 Richardson — Robertson, A.: 135 
 *34
 
 ROBERTSON, Archibald 
 
 b. May <$> / 7^S^ Monymusk, near Aberdeen^ Scotland; 
 
 d. 1835 ', New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 The brother of Alexander and Andrew Robertson. 
 All three brothers were miniature painters, Andrew, 
 however, never coming to the United States. Archi- 
 bald was a friend of Raeburn and Wier in Edinburgh 
 and together they used the green room of the theatre 
 as a studio. He went to London in 1786 and received 
 instruction in miniature painting from Peacock and 
 Charles Sheriff. He also studied at the Royal Academy 
 under Reynolds and West. In 1791 he came to New 
 York and went shortly to Philadelphia with a letter 
 to Washington from Lord Buchan which led to his 
 painting a miniature of the First President. He then 
 settled permanently in New York. With his brother 
 Alexander he started a drawing academy. Besides his 
 work in miniature he drew in crayons and was some- 
 thing of an architect. "The Papers of Andrew Rob- 
 ertson" is the title of a book edited by his daughter 
 that contains valuable information concerning minia- 
 ture painting. See also: "Century Magazine," May, 
 1890. 
 
 1. George Washington, on marble. 1 791 . 
 
 Mrs. C. W. Darlington, Utica, 1897. 
 
 2. Martha Washington. 1792? 
 
 Mrs. C. W. Darlington, Utica, 1897. 
 
 3. Commodore Thomas Truxton, 1802. 
 
 Mr A. J. Robertson, 1897. 
 
 Robertson, A.: 136 
 
 US
 
 4. Jonathan Trumbull, 1791. 
 
 Heirs of Mrs. T. W. S. Hubbard, N. Y., 1897. 
 
 5. Alexander Hamilton. "Engraved by E. Prud'homme 
 from the Original Miniature, by Arch. Robertson. " 
 
 Longacre's "National Portrait Gallery." 
 
 6. Colonel Tobias Lear. 
 
 ROBERTSON, Walter 
 
 b. before 1765, Dublin, Ireland; d. 1802, Futtehpore, 
 
 India. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 The son of a jeweler in Dublin and the brother of 
 Charles Robertson who was also a miniature painter, 
 the first that is definitely known of Walter Robertson 
 is that he attended the Dublin Society schools in 1765. 
 In 1768 he was established as a miniature painter and 
 exhibited from 1769 to 1775 and in 1777. About 1784 
 he moved to London returning to Dublin in 1792 where 
 he was presently declared bankrupt. He then took 
 passage to the United States, sailing with Gilbert 
 Stuart. He worked in Philadelphia and New York copy- 
 ing some of Stuart's portraits in miniature. In 1795 he 
 sailed for India where he died. He was known as "Irish " 
 Robertson, to distinguish him from the two Scotch 
 brothers of the same name. 
 
 1 . George Washington, after Stuart. Engraved by Robert 
 Field. 
 
 2. George Washington, 1794. 
 
 General E. L. Rogers, Baltimore. 
 Destroyed in the Baltimore fire of 1904. Reproduced 
 in the "Century Magazine," May, 1892. 
 
 Robertson, W. : 137 
 136
 
 3. Martha Washington. Owned at one time by G. W. 
 Custis. Engraved by Longacre. 
 
 4. Alexander Hamilton. Engraved by Graham. 
 
 5. Michael Nolan. 
 
 6. Mrs. Abbot. The Wellesley Collection, England, 1913. 
 
 ROBINSON, John 
 
 Flourished 18/7-/829, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature Painter. 
 
 Robinson was an Englishman who settled in Phila- 
 delphia in 1 8 17 where he died about 1829. 
 
 1. William Bingham. Penn. Academy, 1849. 
 
 2. Benjamin West. Penn. Academy, 1817. 
 
 3. John Beale Boardley. 
 
 4. Joseph Bispham. 
 
 5. John Sergeant. 
 
 6. Samuel Milligan. Signed "J. R. 1819." 
 
 7. Portrait in Miniature of the Artist's Wife. 
 
 Penn. Academy, 18 17. 
 
 8. John C. Craig. 3x3^- 
 
 Mrs. Edward E. Biddle, Pa., 1920. 
 
 9. Nicholas Biddle, 1819. 
 
 10. Captain Dulles, U. S. N., 1823. 
 
 11. James Lyle. 
 
 12. Mrs. Sterling. 
 
 ROGERS 
 
 Flourished 1782, Salem. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Robinson J. — Rogers: 138 
 
 i37
 
 ROGERS, Charles 
 Flourished 184.6, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 ROGERS, Nathaniel 
 
 b. 1788, Bridgehampton, L. I.; d. there, December 6, 
 
 1844. Miniature painter. 
 
 Apprenticed to Joseph Wood in New York after that 
 painter had dissolved his partnership with John Wesley 
 Jarvis, Nathaniel Rogers often painted the minor parts 
 of his master's miniatures. Besides this training he also 
 received much assistance from "Mvsterious Brown." 
 About 181 1 he started painting professionally and 
 worked almost exclusively in New York as a fashionable 
 miniature painter. He was a member of the National 
 Academy in 1826. He was retired later as Honorary 
 member for non-residence. 
 
 Fitz-Greene Halleck. 
 
 Henry Howland, 1822. Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 Mrs. Gabriel Manigault. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 Duncan C. Pell. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 Charles Tyler Savage. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 Mrs. Charles Tyler Savage. Worcester Art Museum. 
 Portrait of a Man, signed "Rogers." Ehrich Galleries. 
 8-1 1. Frame Containing Four Miniatures. 
 
 N. A. Exhibition, 1 827. 
 ROWAND, William 
 
 Flourished 1777, New York. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 He inserted an advertisement in the "New York 
 Royal Gazette" for December 6, 1777 announcing his 
 arrival from Glasgow. 
 
 Rogers, C. — Rowand: 139 
 138
 
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 RUSSELL, Moses B. 
 
 Flourished 1834-1854, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 1. Portrait of a Man. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Stewart, Washington, D. C. 
 
 RUSSELL, W. C. 
 
 Flourished 1837, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 SANFORD, Isaac 
 
 Flourished 1783-/822, Connecticut. 
 
 Engraver and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 SARGENT, Henry 
 
 b. November 25, 1770, Gloucester, Mass; d. February 21, 
 
 1845, Boston. 
 Portrait and historical painter. 
 
 1. John William Quincey. Litchfield Hist. Society. 
 
 SARTAIN, John 
 
 b. October 24, 1808, London; d. October 25, 1897, Phila- 
 delphia. 
 Engraver. 
 
 John Sartain received instruction in miniature 
 painting from Henry Richter while he was still in 
 London. He came to the United States in 1830 and 
 settled in Philadelphia. His "Reminiscences of a Very 
 Old Man," written at the request of Thomas Janvier, is 
 a valuable source book concerning the earlier artists of 
 the country. 
 
 Russell, M. B. — Sartain: 140 
 i39
 
 1. Reverend John Breckenridge, 1835. 
 
 Miss E. Sartain, Pa. 
 
 2. Mr. Jones, 1833. Miss E. Sartain, Pa. 
 
 SAUNDERS, Sophia 
 
 Flourished 185 1-/832, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 SAVAGE, Edward 
 
 b. November 26, 1761, Princeton, Mass.; d. there, July 6, 
 
 1817. 
 
 Engraver and portrait and historical painter. 
 
 x<\t first a goldsmith, Savage took to painting about 
 1789 and started a portrait of Washington that year. 
 He went to London in 1791 and learned engraving; and 
 returned to the United States, in 1794, as a professional 
 engraver. In Philadelphia he had as his assistant David 
 Edwin and, as his apprentice, John Wesley Jarvis. His 
 engraving "Washington and his Family" 1788 is his 
 best known work. See: Pine, in the present work. 
 
 1. Self portrait. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 2. Sarah Seaver Savage. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 3. Eben Seaver. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 4. Robert Treat Paine. "Drawn and Engraved by J. B. 
 Longacre from a Sketch by Savage." 
 
 SCHETKY, Caroline 
 
 Flourished 1820-184'/, Philadelphia and Boston. 
 Miniature and water color painter. 
 
 Caroline Schetky married T. M. Richardson and as 
 Caroline Schetky Richardson exhibited at the Boston 
 Athenaeum. Longacre in a portion of his "Diary" 
 
 Saunders — Schetky: 141 
 
 140
 
 published in the "Pennsylvania Magazine of History" 
 tells of seeing her in Boston. The entry for July 26, 1825 
 reads: "Spent the evening at Mr. Stuart's with his 
 family and Misses Schetky and Goodridge." Besides 
 her work in miniature she painted landscapes and 
 flowers. 
 
 1. Signor Arfossi, of the Italian Opera House, London. 
 
 2. Alexander Reinagle, 18 14. 
 
 SCHOENER, J. 
 
 Flourished 1821-1827, New England and Readings Pa. 
 Portrait and miniature painter; and portrait draughtsman in 
 crayon. 
 
 1. Miniature of Napoleon. Penna. /Academy, 1827. 
 
 2. Deborah Ward. 
 
 SEAGER. 
 
 Flourished 1840, Halifax, N. S. 
 Miniature painter a?id silhouettist. 
 
 Seager came originally from London. He visited the 
 United States and Canada. He was in Halifax in 1840 
 making profiles in bronze, painting miniatures and 
 giving drawing lessons. He may have been Edward 
 Seager who lived in Boston from 1845 to 1850. 
 
 SEAGER, Mrs. and Miss 
 
 Flourished 1834, New York. 
 Miniature painters. 
 
 SEAMAN, Charles 
 
 Flourished 1834, New York. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Schoener — Seaman: 142 
 141
 
 SEL, Jean B. 
 
 Flourished 1820-1830, New Orleans. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 A portrait in oil by Sel of Governor A. B. Roman is in 
 the Louisiana State Museum. 
 
 SHAFTENBENG, Lewis 
 
 Flourished 1783, Baltimore. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He advertised in Goddard's "Maryland Journal and 
 Baltimore Advertiser" for April 22, 1783. 
 
 SHARPLES, Mrs. (Ellen) James 
 
 b. March 4, 1769 Birmingham, England; d. March 4, 
 
 1849, Bristol, England. 
 Portrait painter in pastel and miniature. 
 
 Mrs. Sharples, the wife of James Sharpies (1750- 
 181 1) the famous pastel portrait painter, often copied 
 her husband's pictures. In her own words: "Mr. 
 Sharpies was usually engaged drawing in crayons the 
 portraits of the most distinguished Americans, Foreign 
 Ministers, and other distinguished visitants from 
 Europe: copies were frequently required; these I under- 
 took, and was so far successful as to have as many 
 commissions as I could execute. They were thought 
 equal to the originals, price the same. We lived in good 
 style, associating in the first society. I was too nervous 
 to practice drawing original portraits, being always 
 exceedingly agitated when I attempted them." 
 
 She bequeathed a large sum of money for the founding 
 of the Bristol Fine Arts Academy and also the ninety- 
 
 Sel — Sharpies: 143 
 142
 
 seven pictures by her husband, herself, James Junior 
 and Rolinda, called "The Sharpies Collection." 
 
 1. George Washington. After James Sharpies. On ivory. 
 
 General E. L. Rogers, Baltimore, 1892. 
 Probably destroyed in the Baltimore Fire. 
 
 2. George Washington. After James Sharpies. On ivory. 
 
 Miss A. E. Evans, New Rochelle, N. Y., 1892. 
 See "Magazine of American History," v. 11, p. 513. 
 
 SHEPHERD, T. S. 
 
 Flourished 1845-1846, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 SHUMWAY, Henry Colton 
 
 b. July 4> iSoy^ Middleton, Conn.; d. May 6, /S84, New 
 York. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Shumway came to New York in 1827 and studied at 
 the National Academy. In 1829 he began his pro- 
 fessional career as a miniature painter in New York and 
 other cities. He was elected N.A. in 1832. During the 
 Civil War he took an active part as Colonel of the 
 Seventh New York Regiment. A captain of the New 
 York State Militia for twenty eight years he was also 
 a member of the veteran corps. After the Civil War 
 when the daguerreotype diminished the demand for 
 miniatures he tinted photographs. Before this time, 
 however, his work was greatly in demand. 
 
 1. Henry Clay. 
 
 2. Cyrus W. Field. 
 
 U. S. National Museum. 
 
 Shepherd — Shumway: 144 
 143
 
 3- Honorable Gideon Lee. N. A. Exhibition, 1838. 
 
 4. Mrs. Gideon Lee. N. A. Exhibition, 1838. 
 
 5. Prince Napoleon, Later Napoleon III. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Stewart, U. S. N., 1870. 
 
 6. Judge Storrs. 
 
 7. Daniel Webster. 
 
 8. Colonel Wads worth. 
 
 SIMES, Mary Jane 
 
 Flourished 1826-1831, Baltimore. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 She exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy. 
 
 SMITH, James P. 
 
 b. about i8oj; d. 1888, Philadelphia. 
 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Charles Henry Hart dedicated his book "Life 
 Masks of Eminent Americans" as follows: 'To the 
 Memory of James P. Smith, miniature painter who 
 first developed my taste for art I inscribe this volume 
 as a token of gratitude. " 
 
 1. Miniature of Napoleon. After Vernet. 
 
 Penn. Academy, 1827. 
 
 2. Copy of a Miniature by Malbone. 
 
 Penn. Academy, 1850. 
 
 3. James P. Smith, i^ixi^i. 
 
 Stan. V. Henkels Sale, 1920. 
 
 4. Charles Smith. 2^x2*4. 
 
 Stan. V. Henkels Sale, 1920. 
 
 5. Charles Smith. 2^x2^. 
 
 Stan. V. Henkels Sale, 1920. 
 
 Simes — Smith, J. P.: 145 
 
 144
 
 SMITH, John Rubens 
 
 b. about i/"/o in England; d. August 21, 1849, New York. 
 Etcher, mezzotint engraver and portrait painter in water 
 colors. 
 
 John Rubens Smith was the son of the celebrated 
 English engraver John Raphael Smith. He was in New 
 York in 181 2 and went later to Boston as a drawing 
 teacher. He returned shortly to New York and con- 
 tinued to teach drawing. Miniatures by him are owned 
 by the Brooklyn Museum and by Mr. John Hill 
 Morgan. 
 
 SMITH, William Good 
 
 Flourished 1844-1846, New York. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 SOUTHWARD, George 
 
 b. April 180J, Salem, Mass.; d. there, Feb. 19, 1876. 
 
 Landscape, still life, portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 Early in life Southward was a member of the boot and 
 shoe firm of Kimball and Southward. He finally re- 
 linquished business, however, went to Boston, studied 
 under Ames and later accompanied that painter to 
 Rome. A portrait of Southward by Ames is in the 
 collection of the Ehrich Galleries. At one time he was 
 a pupil of Thomas Sully. He settled in Salem after his 
 studies and had a studio in the Bank Building on 
 Central Street. See "Essex Institute Historical Collec- 
 tions," volume 14, pages 77-80. 
 
 1. Timothy Pickering, after Stuart. Essex Institute. 
 
 2. George Washington, after J. Wright. Essex Institute. 
 
 Smith, J. R. — Southward: 146 
 
 J 45
 
 SOUTHWORTH, Nathaniel 
 
 b. 1806, Scituate, Mass.; d. April 25, 1858, Dorchester, 
 
 Mass. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He worked in Boston from 1842 to 1848 and then 
 visited Europe. After his return he lived both in New 
 York and Philadelphia. His miniatures are noted for 
 their accurate drawing. 
 
 1. Miss Foster of Scituate. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 2. Miss Lucy Ellis. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 STAIGG, Richard Morrell 
 
 b. September?, 18 iy, Leeds, England; d. October 11, 1881, 
 Newport, R. I. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Richard M. Staigg, or Stagg as the name is some- 
 times spelled, worked in an architect's office about 1830- 
 183 1 leaving in the latter year for the United States. 
 He settled in Newport and, encouraged by Washington 
 Allston, became an artist. His early work was entirely 
 in miniature. He was elected N.A. in 1861, exhibiting 
 regularly at the Academy displays. He visited Europe 
 in 1 867-1 869 and 1 872-1 874. During his last years 
 he took up portrait painting in oils and lived at New- 
 port. At the sale of his effects there were twenty-five 
 miniatures, one hundred and three oil paintings and a 
 number of water colors. 
 
 1. Washington Allston. Metropolitan Museum. 
 
 2. Washington Allston. Rectangular. 2^x3^. A rep- 
 lica of a painting in 1841. Boston Museum. 
 
 Southworth — Staigg: 147 
 146
 
 3- Josiah Belknap. 
 
 4. Charles T. Brooke. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 5. Mrs. John Castoff. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 6. Charles Codman. 
 
 7. Mr. A. W. Dennis. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 8. Dr. Theophilus Dunn. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890 
 
 9. Everett. 
 
 10. Mrs. John Henry Gilliat. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 11. Mrs. Nathan Gould. Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 12. John F. Kensett. 
 
 13. W. H. King Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 14. Abbott Lawrence. 
 
 15. Reverend Dr. Lowell of Cambridge. 
 
 16. Mrs. George C. Mason at 15 years of age. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 17. John Lothrop Motley, 1850-51. 
 
 Lady Harcourt, England. 
 
 18. Mrs. John Lothrop Motley, unfinished. 
 
 Lady Harcourt, England. 
 
 19. Daniel Webster. Engraved by Dodson and Cheney. 
 
 20. Daniel Webster. Engraved by A. B. Durand. 
 
 STEVENS, George W. 
 
 Flourished 1842^ Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 STOUGHTON, Mrs. 
 
 See Anna C. Peale 
 
 Stevens — Stoughton: 148 
 H7
 
 STUART, Gilbert 
 
 b. December J, 1755, near Kingston, Rhode Island; d. 
 
 July <?, 1828, Boston. 
 Portrait painter and miniaturist. 
 
 The late Charles Henry Hart wrote concerning Sarah 
 Goodridge: 
 
 "It was to show her how to paint that Stuart painted 
 his only known miniature, a head of General Knox, 
 which she failed in copying." However several minia- 
 tures have been attributed to Gilbert Stuart. One of 
 Joseph Anthony has been often reproduced. 
 
 From 1773 to 1774 Stuart was in Edinburgh; from 
 1774 to 1775 in Newport; from March 1775 to 1778 in 
 London; from 1788 to 1793 in Dublin; from 1793 to 
 late in the year 1794 in New York; from 1794 to 1803 
 in Philadelphia; from 1803 to 1805 in Washington, 
 D. C; and in 1806 he moved to Boston where he died 
 in 1828. 
 
 1. Captain Joseph Anthony. Attributed. 
 
 Miss M. B. Smith, Pa., 1898. 
 
 2. Anthony Elton. Oval. 2>ixi^. Boston Museum. 
 
 3. John Henderson, the actor. On canvas. 
 
 The Wellesley Collection, England. 
 
 4. General Knox. Drexel Collection, Pa. 
 
 5. George Washington. 8x5. On silk. 
 
 Stan. V. Henkels Sale, 1920. 
 SULLY, Lawrence 
 
 b. December 28, 1769, Kilkenny, Ireland; d. 1804, Rich- 
 mond, Va. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Lawrence Sully was the elder brother of Thomas 
 
 Stuart — Sully, L.: 149 
 
 148
 
 Sully. He came to the United States in 1792 and started 
 as a "painter of devices." From Charleston, South 
 Carolina, where he first lived, he went to Virginia the 
 same year and established himself as a miniature 
 painter in Richmond. In 1793 he married Sarah Annis 
 of Annapolis and moved to Norfolk in 1801 with his 
 brother Thomas who helped support the growing 
 family by assisting in the miniature painting. He failed 
 in 1803 and went to Richmond leaving his family in 
 Norfolk for his brother to support. In August 1804 they 
 joined him a short time before his death. 
 
 1. Cyrus Griffin. Oval. 2^4 x 2>£. 1799. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 2. Edward Drake Jackson. 2 ^ x 1 Ji 
 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 3. Thomas West. 2^x2^. Signed "L. Sully." 
 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 4. Patrick Henry, 1795. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 See Charles H. Hart, "Portraits of Patrick Henry," in 
 "Numismatic and Antiquarian Society Proceedings" 
 April 17, 191 1. "Engraved by E. Wellmore from a 
 painting by J. B. Longacre after an original miniature 
 in the possession of John S. Fleming Esqr. of Virginia." 
 
 5. Portrait of a Man. Signed "Sully 1798." 
 
 Mr. John Hill Morgan, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 SULLY, Rosalie Kemble 
 
 b. June 3 ', 181S, Philadelphia; d. there, July 8, 184.J. 
 
 Amateur miniature painter. 
 
 Rosalie Kemble Sully was the stepdaughter of 
 
 Thomas Sully. One of her miniatures was a copy of her 
 
 father's portrait of Mrs. Sully. 
 
 Sully, R. K.: 150 
 
 149
 
 SULLY, Thomas 
 
 b. June iySj y Horncastle, England; d. November 5, /#7<?, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 The parents of Thomas Sully were English actors who 
 came to Charleston, South Carolina, in 1792. He worked 
 in an insurance company at an early age but neglecting 
 his duties he was sent to study with a French miniature 
 painter who was his uncle by marriage. In 1801 he went 
 with his brother to Norfolk and later to Richmond. At 
 Norfolk he painted his first portrait in oil. In 1806 he 
 went to New York and received assistance from John 
 Wesley Jarvis and in 1807 he moved to Boston to see 
 Gilbert Stuart. He was in New York again in 1808, in 
 Philadelphia in 1809, in London during 1809-18 10, 
 returning to Philadelphia in the spring of the latter 
 year. From then on Philadelphia remained his perma- 
 nent home but he made frequent visits to other cities. 
 In 1837 he again went to London and painted a portrait 
 of Queen Victoria of which he made several replicas. 
 Sully's "Register of Portraits" was published by the 
 late Charles Henry Hart. 
 
 1. Miss Maria Allison. 1802. Si 1 
 
 2. Thomas Armstead. 1801. 
 
 3. Captain Bills. 1801. 
 
 4. Mrs. Blythe, 1802. 
 
 5. D. Burr. 1805. 
 
 6. Reverend Buccanon. 1804. 
 
 7. Mrs. Rebecca Cook, 1801. 
 
 8. Mrs. Cooper, 1802. 
 
 9. Mr. J. Dabney, 1806. 
 
 150 
 
 egister, JN 
 
 0. 22. 
 
 (< < 
 
 ' 43- 
 144. 
 
 4 168. 
 
 i t i 
 
 249. 
 
 1 i > 
 
 230. 
 
 4 1 i 
 
 35°- 
 
 11 
 
 << < 
 
 ' 3SS- 
 ' 388. 
 
 Sully, T.: 
 
 I 5 I
 
 IO. 
 
 Mr. Davis, 1803. Sully's 
 
 Register 
 
 No. 423. 
 
 II. 
 
 I. Davis, 1804. 
 
 c< 
 
 << _ 
 420. 
 
 12. 
 
 Mr. Falcon, 1804. 
 
 a 
 
 " 519. 
 
 l 3- 
 
 Mrs. Farlow, 1802. 
 
 i c 
 
 11 521. 
 
 14. 
 
 Lieutenant Gibbon, 1805. 
 
 1 i 
 
 " 615. 
 
 J 5- 
 
 John Green, 1804, son of 
 
 
 
 
 William Green. 
 
 11 
 
 " 6 55 . 
 
 16. 
 
 William Green, Comedian, 
 
 
 
 
 1 804. Sully's 
 
 Register 
 
 No. 658. 
 
 17. 
 
 John Grey, 1805. 
 
 i < 
 
 " 661. 
 
 18. 
 
 Chancellor Grimes, 1804. 
 
 << 
 
 " 674. 
 
 19. 
 
 W 7 illiam Goddard, oval. 
 
 Boston 
 
 Museum. 
 
 20. 
 
 John Holmes, 1804. Sully's 
 
 Register, 
 
 No. 775. 
 
 20a 
 
 . Mrs. Hiott, "deceased 
 
 
 
 
 from a sketch." 
 
 < i 
 
 755- 
 
 21. 
 
 Mrs. Hopkins, 1803. 
 
 1 i 
 
 " 783. 
 
 22. 
 
 Mrs. Jennings, 1802. 
 
 * i 
 
 " 887. 
 
 2 3- 
 
 David Johnston, 1804. 
 
 i t 
 
 " 889. 
 
 24. 
 
 Mrs. Johnston, 1802. Painted 
 
 
 
 
 from memory. 
 
 t i 
 
 " 893. 
 
 25. 
 
 Mrs. McKenzie, 1804. 
 
 i t 
 
 " 1122. 
 
 26. 
 
 Mary Matthews, 1803. 
 
 I c 
 
 " 1158. 
 
 27. 
 
 Lawyer Nemo, 1803. 
 
 t 1 
 
 " 1260. 
 
 28. 
 
 Elizabeth New, 1802. 
 
 i t 
 
 " 1261. 
 
 29. 
 
 M. Ott, jeweler, 1801. Mrs. 
 
 
 
 
 L. W. Drexel. 
 
 1 ( 
 
 " i^79- 
 
 3°- 
 
 Caroline Shoemaker, of Balti- 
 
 
 
 
 more, 1 804. 
 
 * i 
 
 " 1512. 
 
 3 1 - 
 
 Sophia Sully, 1801. 
 
 i i 
 
 " 1643. 
 
 3 2 - 
 
 Chester Sully, 1801. "In Nor- 
 folk, Virga. being my first 
 attempt from life, for Mary 
 
 
 
 
 Lee." 
 
 a. 
 
 " 1619. 
 
 
 Sully, T- 
 
 -Continued: 152 
 
 
 ! 5 J 
 

 
 ' 1858. 
 ' 1887. 
 
 ' 1908. 
 ' 1801. 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 33. Madame Solange of Norfolk, 
 
 1 801 Sully's Register No. 1562 
 
 34. Mrs. Tome, 1803. " " "1707 
 
 35. Mr. White, Glass Merchant, 
 1801. 
 
 36. Mr. Wilson, 1803. 
 
 37. Dudley Woodworth, 1 801. 
 
 38. Mrs. Worseley, 1805. 
 
 39. A Lady "from description." 
 
 40. Portrait of a Child. 3^x2^ 
 
 41. Edward Drake Jackson. 2^x1^. 
 
 Stan. V. Henkels Sale, Dec. 1920. 
 
 SULLY, Thomas Wilcocks 
 
 b. Jan. j>, 1811, Philadelphia; d. there, April 18, 1847. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 The son of Thomas Sully, Thomas Wilcocks Sully 
 often styled himself Thomas Sully, Jr. Forrest and a 
 number of other famous actors of the day were his 
 sitters for oil portraits. It has, however, been impos- 
 sible to identify any of the miniatures he is said to have 
 painted. 
 
 TAYLOR 
 
 Flourished 1760, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He copied a miniature of Oliver Cromwell. 
 
 TETLEY, William Birchall 
 
 Flourished 1774, New York. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 He inserted an advertisement in Rivington's "New 
 
 Sully, T. W. — Tetley: 153 
 
 152
 
 York Gazette" for August 4 and September 8, 1774. 
 Besides offering to paint portraits in oil he undertook 
 to paint miniatures small enough for a bracelet or to 
 be set in a ring. 
 
 THOMAS, C. H. 
 
 Flourished 1838-1839, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Thomas exhibited miniatures at the National Aca- 
 demy Exhibitions during 1 838-1 839. 
 
 THOMPSON, William John 
 
 b. 177 1, Savannah, Ga.; d. 1845, Edinburgh, Scotland. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 Thompson was a Scotch American who went to 
 England and exhibited at the R.A. from 1796 to 1812. 
 In the latter year he moved to Edinburgh where he 
 was made an Academician of the Royal Scottish 
 Academy in 1829. 
 
 1. William Robertson. 
 
 The Misses Blacklock, Charleston, S. C, 1901. 
 
 THOMPSON, John 
 
 Flourished 1809, Kingston, Jamaica and Halifax, N. S. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature and silhouette cutter 
 and painter. 
 
 John Thompson came from Kingston, Jamaica in 
 1809 to Halifax, Nova Scotia and inserted an advertise- 
 ment in the newspaper in which he stated that he had 
 "returned to accomplish his tour of British America." 
 
 Thomas — Thompson, J.: 154 
 *53
 
 THORNTON, William 
 
 b. May 27, 176 1, Island of Jost Van Dyke, West Indies; 
 d. March 28, 1828, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Physician, architect, engraver and portrait painter in oils 
 
 and miniature. 
 
 Dr. Thornton was of Quaker parentage. He studied 
 medicine in Edinburgh but was also an accomplished 
 architect and artist as well. He designed the Phila- 
 delphia Library Building erected in 1790. He became 
 Commissioner of Public Buildings in Washington, D. C. 
 and drew the first plans for the United States Capitol 
 Building. He also assisted Thomas Jefferson with the 
 plans for the University of Virginia buildings. He be- 
 came the first Chief of the Patent Office. An excellent 
 account of Dr. Thornton by Mr. Allen C. Clark was 
 published in "The Records of the Columbia Historical 
 Society" Washington, D. C, 191 5. In 1781 Dr. Thorn- 
 ton made a few engravings in mezzotint. 
 
 1. George Washington. Profile in white on a blue ground. 
 Cardboard. Water color. Loaned to National 
 Museum by Mr. Walter G. Peter, Washington, D. C. 
 
 2. Mrs. James Madison. Water color. 
 
 Reproduced in "Scribner's," Oct. 1906. 
 
 3. Mrs. Ann Brodeau. W 7 ater color. 
 
 Miss V. Miller, Washington, D. C. 
 
 4. Mrs. Thornton. Water color. 
 
 Miss V. Miller, Washington, D. C. 
 
 5. Mrs. Thornton. Water color. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Smith, Washington, D. C. 
 
 6. Self portrait. Water color. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Smith, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Thornton: 155 
 
 154
 
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 The last two portraits reproduced in "Scribners, " 
 Nov. 1906. 
 
 TIEBOUT, Mademoiselle 
 
 Flourished 1834, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Dunlap speaks of her as "Mademoiselle Tiebout 
 of Paris. " 
 
 TISDALE, Elkanah 
 
 b. about ////, Lebanon, Conn.; d. after 1834. 
 Miniature and historical painter. 
 
 The only assistance Tisdale received in art was from 
 the study of paintings by Trumbull in Lebanon. His 
 picture "The Battle of Lexington" was engraved by 
 Tiebout in 1797 and became highly popular. In 1807 he 
 illustrated Alsop and Dwight's "Echo." He painted 
 miniatures in New York in 1805 and later moved to 
 Hartford where he became a member of "The Graphic 
 Company" making vignettes for engravings. In 1820 
 he moved to New York, his connection with "The 
 Graphic Company" continuing, however, until 1825. 
 In 1 826-1 827 he visited Albany with Benjamin Trott. 
 He was also a writer and wrote the political satire 
 "Gerrymander. " 
 
 1. General Knox. 
 
 Mr. A. H. Emmons, Norwich, Conn., 1907. 
 
 2. Mrs. Jonathan Trumbull. 
 
 Mrs. J. Trumbull, Norwich, Conn., 1897. 
 
 3. J. G. C. Brainard. 
 
 "Painted by Tisdale — Engraved by J. B. Longacre. " 
 
 Tiebout — Tisdale: 156 
 r '55
 
 TORREY, Manasseh Cutler 
 
 Flourished /<8jo-z8j/, New York, Boston and Salem. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 According to Stauffer, Manassah Cutler Torrey was 
 the brother of C. C. Torrey the engraver. Cummings 
 in his "Annals of the National Academy" records that 
 on March 22, 1830 M. C. Torrey received the first of 
 three premiums delivered by Henry Inman to the 
 students of the National x^cademy. Felt in his "Annals 
 of Salem," says that he worked from 1831 to 1837 both 
 in Boston and Salem and that he died in the latter 
 year. Dunlap speaks of his work as chiefly in miniature. 
 
 TROTT, Benjamin 
 
 b. about 1770 probably in Boston; still living in Baltimore 
 
 in 1S41. 
 Portrait painter in miniature and oils. 
 
 Benjamin Trott probably came from Boston ac- 
 cording to Dunlap but the precise information, after 
 all, is of small moment. We know that he appeared 
 in New York as a miniature painter about 1791 and 
 left in 1793 for Philadelphia to make miniature copies 
 of paintings for Gilbert Stuart. In 1796 he accompanied 
 Elkanah Tisdale on a visit to Albany. Two years later 
 he moved outside of Philadelphia near the Falls of the 
 Schuylkill and had as neighbors David Edwin and 
 Gilbert Stuart. His name is given in the New York 
 directory for 1798 as a miniature painter living at 1 
 Wall Street. He returned shortly to Philadelphia. 
 In 1805 he packed his painting materials in saddle bags 
 and went on a horseback tour "to the western world 
 
 Torrey — Trott: 157 
 
 156
 
 beyond the mountains," and returned to Philadelphia 
 in 1806 after a very successful year. He lived at 231 
 Mulberry Street until 1807, when he moved to Sixth 
 and Minor. There he stayed until 18 10. In 1809-18 10 
 he shared a studio with Thomas Sully on Sansom Street. 
 He exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy, in 181 1 and 
 1 8 12. In the former year Dunlap records a visit he 
 paid, in company with Trott, to David Edwin's rooms 
 to see the drawings of Charles Robert Leslie. Trott 
 moved again in 18 13 and lived at 7 Little George Street 
 until 1 8 19 when he moved to 165 Chestnut Street. 
 He visited Charleston, South Carolina in the latter 
 year. After remaining in Philadelphia for some time 
 he mysteriously left for Newark where he lived in 
 obscurity for a number of years. He then moved 
 to New York. In the directory for 1 829-1 830 there is the 
 following entry: "B. Trott, portrait and miniature 
 painter. 15 Pine. Upstairs;" and in 1 832-1 833 he 
 lived at 40 Arcade. The portraits in oils are said not to 
 have been remarkable for artistic quality. The next 
 move he made was to Boston in 1833, and the directory 
 contains but one entry: "Benj. Trott, miniature painter. 
 3 Scollay buildings. " The late Charles Henry Hart 
 wrote: "He was painting in Baltimore in September 
 1839, which is the last we hear of him." However, 
 the Baltimore directory for 1840-1841 shows him as 
 still living in the city. The entry reads: 'B. Trott, 
 portrait and miniature painter. Office cor. St. Paul and 
 Fayette Sts. " Although he painted portraits in oil 
 these have not been brought to light and Benjamin 
 Trott is known only as a miniature painter. His fame 
 rests upon a little more than a score of miniatures. 
 
 Trott — Continued: 158 
 ! 57
 
 But these rank with the work of Malbone, Fraser and 
 Field; and time has substantiated the praise of his con- 
 temporaries. In his later miniatures he left as the back- 
 ground the cream colored ivory itself. His splendid 
 portrait of Nicholas Biddle is an example of this prac- 
 tice. It is reproduced in Professor McGrane's "Nicholas 
 Biddle." 
 
 i. James Abercrombie, D.D., engraved by Edwin. 
 
 2. Lewis Adams, 1828. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 3. Joseph Anthony, 1738-1798. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 4. Mr. Aitken of South Carolina. 3 x 1%. 
 
 The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 5. Nicholas Biddle. 3^x2^. Mr. E. Biddle, Pa. 
 
 6. Mrs. Blair of Germantown. 
 
 Exhibition, Newport, R. I., 1890. 
 
 7. George Clymer, engraved by John Sartain, and also 
 by Longacre. Originally owned by Mrs. G. Grant, 
 Rome, Italy, and La Comtesse de Bryas, Paris, 1892. 
 
 8. Solomon Etting. Pennsylvania Academy. 
 
 9. Colonel James Gibson. 
 
 Engraved by Goodman and Piggott. 
 
 10. Mrs. Walter Livingston. 3 x 2%. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 11. Cornelius Lowe. 
 
 12. Mr. Lyman. 2vsx iy&. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 13. Mrs. Alexander Macomb. N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 1 4. Robert Morris. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 15. John Woods Power. 
 
 Rhode Island School of Design. 
 
 16. Mrs. Elizabeth Powel. Newport, R. I., 1884. 
 
 17. James Richards. 
 
 18. Lewis Sandars. Mr. Herbert L. Pratt. 
 
 Trott — Continued: 159 
 158
 
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 ig. Honorable William Wilkins. 
 
 20. Charles Wilkins, 1824? Oval. 2^x2^. 
 
 Mr. Herbert Du Pay. 
 
 21. James Williams. Miss A'. Cooper, Pa., 1898. 
 22-25. A Frame containing Four Miniatures. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy. 
 1. Benjamin Wilcox. 2. A Lady in a Black Laced 
 Veil. 3. and 4. unknown. 
 26. George Washington. Engraved by Longacre. 
 
 This was probably a miniature after the Stuart paint- 
 ing. 
 
 TRUMBULL, John 
 
 b. June 6, 1756, Lebanon, Conn.; d. November 10, 1843, 
 
 New York. 
 Historical, portrait and miniature painter in oils on wood. 
 
 Trumbull graduated from Harvard in 1773 an d> 
 Dunlap states: "This early entrance at college was, as 
 he considers, one of the misfortunes of his life." When 
 the Revolution started he became adjutant under 
 General Gates in 1775. He was stationed at Roxbury 
 during the Battle of Bunker's Hill and served later at 
 Crown Point and Ticonderoga. He was also with 
 Washington in New Jersey. In 1777 he resigned, paid 
 a brief visit to Lebanon and went to Boston to study 
 the paintings of Copley. He sailed for France in 1780 
 and then went to London where he was arrested as a 
 spy suspect and released through the intercession of 
 Benjamin West. In 1782 he was back in Boston. The 
 winter of 1 782-1 783 he passed at New Windsor. In 
 1784 he went again to London. The next year he began 
 to think seriously of the historical compositions for 
 
 Trott — Trumbull: 160 
 i59
 
 which he became famous. The first was of the Battle 
 of Bunker's Hill. He visited France, returning to 
 London in 1786. He made another visit to France in 
 1789 and witnessed the fall of the Bastille. He then re- 
 turned to the United States and made many trips about 
 the country to obtain information for his paintings and 
 subscribers for the engraved reproductions. The small 
 oil miniature portraits he painted about this time for 
 the actors in his pictorial dramas may be said to con- 
 stitute his best work. In May 1794 he was appointed 
 secretary to John Jay and sailed for England. Being in 
 Paris in 1797 on a short visit concerning the engraving 
 after the "Battle of Bunker's Hill" he was detained for 
 the lack of a passport. The eloquence of Louis David 
 before Talleyrand in behalf of the artist and his work ob- 
 tained the passport and Trumbull returned to London. 
 In 1804 he sailed for the United States visiting London 
 during 1806-18 12. He settled in New York in the latter 
 year. He wrote his autobiography in Philadelphia. 
 Late in life he established the Trumbull Gallery in New 
 Haven. In 18 16 he became president of the American 
 Academy of Fine Arts. 
 
 1. John Adams, 1792. Second President. (1735-1826.) 
 
 2. Dr. Allen, 1827. unidentified. 
 
 3 Fisher Ames. 1792. Orator and Lawyer. (1758-1808.) 
 
 4. Judge Egbert Benson. 1792. Continental Congress; 
 (1746-1833.) 
 
 5. Honorable John Brooks, 1790. Governor Mass. 
 (1752-1825.) 
 
 6. John Brown. 1792. First U.S. Senator from Kentucky. 
 
 (I757-I837-) 
 
 Trumbull — Continued: 161 
 
 160
 
 7. General Richard Butler. 1790. Of the Pennsylvania 
 Line. b. Ireland; d. 1791 . 
 
 8. John Caldwell Calhoun. 1827. Vice President. (1782- 
 1850.) 
 
 9. Giuseppe Carrachi. 1792. Sculptor. (1751-1801.) 
 Executed by Napoleon. 
 
 10. Harriet Chew. 1793. 
 
 11. Sophie Chew. 1793. 
 
 12. Eleanor Custis. 1792. 
 
 13. Tristram Dalton. 1792. U. S. Senator from Massa- 
 chusetts. (1738-1817.) 
 
 14. Henry Dwight. 1827. M. C. from Massachusetts. 
 (1788-1845.) 
 
 15. Oliver Ellsworth. 1792. Chief Justice. (1745-1807.) 
 
 16. Temple Franklin. 1791. Grandson of Benjamin Frank- 
 lin. (i76o?-i823.) 
 
 17. Good Peter, a Chief of the Six Nations. 
 
 18. Nathaniel Greene. 1792. Major-General. (1742- 
 1786.) From memory. 
 
 19. John Faucherand Grimke. 1791 . Lieut. -Col. (1752- 
 1819.) 
 
 20. George Hammond. 1792. Peace Commissioner. (1763- 
 
 18530 
 
 21. Major Jonathan Haskell. 1791. Soldier and pioneer. 
 
 (1755-1814.) 
 
 22. Dr. Lemuel Hopkins of Hartford. 1793- Poet and 
 Physician. (1750-1801.) 
 
 23. Colonel William Hull. 1792. Governor of Michigan 
 Territory. (1752-1825.) 
 
 24. The Infant. A chief of the Six Nations. 1792. 
 
 25. Ralph Izard, 1791 . U. S. Senator. (1742-1804.) 
 
 Trumbull — Continued: 1 62 
 
 161
 
 26. John Jay. 1793. Statesman. (1745-1829.) 
 
 27. Rufus King. 1792. Statesman. (1 755-1 827.) 
 
 28. John Langdon. 1792. U. S. Senator. (1739-1819.) 
 
 29. Henry Laurens. 1791. Peace Commissioner. (1724- 
 1792.) 
 
 30. Arthur Lee. 1791. Diplomatist. (1740-1792.) 
 
 31. Samuel Livermore. 1791. U. S. Senator. (1732-1803.) 
 
 32. Lieutenant Lawrence Manning. 1791. Of Lee's Legion 
 at Eutaw. 
 
 22- Thomas Mifflin. 1791. Major General. (1744-1800.) 
 
 34. Colonel Daniel Morgan. 1792. Of the Rifle Corps. 
 (1736-1802.) 
 
 35. General William Moultrie. 1791. Governor of S. C. 
 (1731-1805.) 
 
 36. Thomas Jackson Oakley. 1827. Judge. (1783-1857.) 
 
 37. David B. Ogden. 1827. Lawyer. (1 769-1 849.) 
 
 38. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. 1791. Major General. 
 (1746-1825.) 
 
 39. Thomas Pinckney. 1791. Major General. (1750-1828.) 
 
 40. Brigadier General Rufus Putnam. 1790. Surveyor 
 General. (1738-1790.) 
 
 41. Jacob Read. 1790. M. C. from South Carolina. (1752- 
 1816.) 
 
 42. John Rutledge. 1791. Judge Supreme Court. (1739- 
 1800.) 
 
 43. Cornelia Schuyler. 
 
 44. Philip John Schuyler. 1792. Major General. (1733- 
 1804.) 
 
 45. Theodore Sedgwick. 1791. M.C. (1746-1813.) 
 
 46. Thomas Youngs Seymour. 1792. Major. (1757-1811.) 
 
 47. Brigadier General Smallwood. 1792. After C. W. 
 
 Peale. (1732-1792.) 
 
 Trumbull — Continued: 163 
 162
 
 48. Julia Seymour. 1792. 
 
 49. William Smith. 1792. M.C. Copy 1831 by Flagg. 
 (1730-1814.) 
 
 50. Captain Thomas Stevens. 1791. Probably from 
 South Carolina. 
 
 51. Jonathan Trumbull. 1792. Speaker U. S. H. R. (1740- 
 1809.) 
 
 52. Jonathan Trumbull Sr. Governor of Connecticut. 
 (1710-1785.) 
 
 53. John Trumbull. 1794. Author of "McFingal. " (1750- 
 1831.) 
 
 54. Faith Trumbull. 1791 . Later Mrs. Daniel Wads- 
 worth. (1 769-1 846.) 
 
 55. Mrs. Trumbull. 1793. Of Lebanon, Conn. (1749- 
 1826.) 
 
 $6. Catherine W 7 adsworth. 1792. 
 
 57. Harriet Wadsworth. 1791. Daughter of J. Wads- 
 worth. (1769-1793.) 
 
 58. Mrs. Washington. 1792. Wife of George Washington. 
 ( 1 732-1 802.) 
 
 59. General Otho Holland Williams. 1790. Copy by 
 Flagg. 1842. ( 1 749-1 800.) 
 
 60. The Young Sachem. A Chief of the Six Nations. 
 1792. 
 
 The above sixty miniatures painted in oil on wood are 
 at the Yale School of Fine Arts. They are oval — about 
 four inches high by three inches wide. 
 
 61. Egbert Benson. 1792. 
 
 Hon. J. Jay, Katonah, N. Y., 1892. 
 
 62. Joseph T. Buttingham. 2^x1-%'. Boston Museum. 
 
 63. Giuseppe Caracchi. 334x3. 
 
 Mr. R. W. De Forest, N. Y. 
 
 Trumbull — Continued: 1 64 
 163
 
 64. Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 65. General Nathaniel Greene. Mrs. Louis H. Meeder, Jr. 
 
 66. Major Jedediah Huntington. 3^x3^. 
 
 Miss L. L. Huntington, 1909. 
 
 67. Major William Jackson. 4x2^. 
 
 Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 
 
 68. Thomas Jefferson. 1787. 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Burke, Alexandria, Va., 1892. 
 
 69. Captain Thomas Jervey. 
 
 Mrs. H. J. Jervey, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 70. John Lawrence. 1792. N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 71. Samuel Livermore. 1792. 
 
 Mrs. C. G. Saunders, Lawrence, Mass., 1892. 
 
 72. Mrs. Robert Morris. 1790. 
 
 Mrs. S. Ambler, Hume, Va., 1892. 
 
 73. General Thomas Pinckney. 
 
 Mrs. Thomas Pinckney, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 74. Martha Washington. U. S. National Museum. 
 
 75. George Washington. U. S. National Museu-m. 
 
 TUCKER, Benjamin 
 
 b. November 13, 1768, Newbury, Mass.; d. after iyg6 
 
 probably in Newbury. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 See J. J. Currier: "History of Old Newbury." 
 
 TWIBILL, George W. 
 
 b. 1806 Lampeter, Lancaster Co., Pa.; d. Feb. 18, 1836, 
 
 New York. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 Twibill was the pupil of J. Parisen and Henry In- 
 man. Cummings wrote: "His portraits in oil in small 
 
 Tucker — Twibill: 165 
 164
 
 were of an excellence seldom equalled. " He was elected 
 Associate N.A. in 1832 and N.A. in 1833. 
 
 1. Colonel Trumbull. Full length, cabinet size. 
 
 National Academy of Design. 
 
 2. Colonel Trumbull. Full length, cabinet size. 
 
 Mrs. Benjamin Silliman, 1917. 
 
 3. Colonel Trumbull. Full length, cabinet size. 
 
 4. General Cummings. Full length, cabinet size. 
 
 VAIL, Miss A. D. 
 
 Flourished 1838-1841, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 Miss Vail exhibited miniatures at the National 
 Academy from 1838 to 1841. 
 
 VAILLANT, Madame 
 
 Flourished 1825, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 VALENTINE, William 
 
 b. 1798 Whitehaven, Cumberland, England; d. Dec. 26, 
 
 1849, Halifax, N. S. 
 Portrait painter in oils. Painted a few miniatures. 
 
 William Valentine left England in 1818 and settled 
 permanently in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He was at first 
 a house painter and interior decorator of the firm of 
 Bell and Valentine until the partnership dissolved in 
 1824. But his time was not completely occupied at this 
 work and as early as 18 19 he was teaching drawing "in 
 all its branches." In 1826 he visited Boston. His 
 earliest identified portrait dates from 1828. About 
 
 Vail — Valentine: 166 
 165
 
 the summer of 1836 he visited London, where he made 
 copies of portraits that were greatly admired, and re- 
 turned about the spring of 1837. About 1842 he started 
 taking daguerreotypes and was never free from having, 
 at times, to continue his trade as decorator. A fire 
 which burned his studio on Bell Lane a few years 
 before his death destroyed a number of his paintings and 
 his interest both in life and art never again fully re- 
 vived. See Mr. Harry Piers' paper in "Nova Scotia 
 Historical Society Collections," v. 18. 
 
 1. Edward Sellon. On paper. 
 
 2. Sarah Sellon. Valentine's second wife. 
 
 3. Self portrait. Profile on bristol board. 
 
 Mrs. C. S. Pickford, Halifax, N. S. 
 
 VALLEE, Jean Francois de La 
 
 Flourished 1785-1815. 
 Miniature painter and silhouettist. 
 
 Vallee was a Frenchman who came to the United 
 States to start a cotton mill near Alexandria, Virginia. 
 A letter from Jefferson to Vallee written previous to the 
 artist's departure is dated Paris September, 1785. 
 Vallee was unsuccessful in his attempt and moved to 
 Philadelphia and finally to New Orleans about 1815. 
 Besides painting miniatures on ivory he cut a few 
 silhouettes, among them one of Washington in 1795. 
 
 1. Andrew Jackson. 3x2^. 1815. 
 
 Miss L. L. Hunt, Barrytown, N. Y., 1897. 
 
 2. Miniature. Mr. H. DuPuy, Pittsburgh. 
 
 3. Theodore M. Flotard. 
 
 Mrs. Ethel (Halliday) Anderson, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Vallee: 167 
 166
 
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 VANDERLYN, John 
 
 b. October i/"/'6, Kingston, Ulster Co., N. Y.; d. there, 1852. 
 Historical and portrait painter. 
 
 In 1792 John Vanderlyn went with his brother Dr. 
 Peter Vanderlyn to New York. He found employment 
 there in the print store of a Mr. Barrow in 1794. During 
 his leisure hours he attended Archibald Robertson's 
 Drawing Academy and x^aron Burr became his patron. 
 He was in Europe during 1 801-18 10 and while in Paris 
 painted the celebrated nude "Ariadne." In 1814 he 
 returned to the United States. He died in extreme 
 poverty in his native town. An annonymous writer 
 in "Putnams Magazine," for June, 1854, gives some 
 personal recollections of the artist. 
 1. Aaron Burr. Oil. 10 x 8. N. Y. Historical Society. 
 
 VANDYCK, James 
 Flourished 1S06-1S35. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 In the "Polyanthus" for June 1806 there is an en- 
 graving by S. Harris after Vandyck's portrait of John 
 Winthrop. Possibly this was James Vandyck. His 
 name appears in the New York directory for 1834-1835 
 as "James Vandyck, miniature painter, 62 Forsyth." 
 1. James Lyon. Mr. Luke Vincent Lockwood. 
 
 VERSTILLE, William 
 
 b. about 1755; d. Dec. 6, iSoj, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 William Verstille started painting about 1769 
 and lived both in Boston and Salem. In 1782 he was 
 working in Philadelphia and advertised in the Pennsyl- 
 
 Vanderlyn — Verstille: 168 
 167
 
 vania Gazette. Dr. Bentlev's "Diary" contains the 
 two following entries concerning the artist: "A Mr. 
 Verstille has at present much fame and it is believed 
 great success. 1802." "My miniature was by Hazlitt, 
 now celebrated in London. The dress was changed by 
 Verstille from Connecticut. 181 8." 
 
 1. Captain John Carlton, U. S. N. 
 
 2. Jacob Crowninshield. 
 
 3. Mrs. Mary Crowninshield Silsbee. 
 
 4. John Dabney, Post Master. 3x2^, 
 
 Essex Institute. 
 
 1809. 
 
 Essex Institute. 
 
 5. Mrs. S. H. Ward. 1803. Miss M. W. Nichols. 
 
 6. Joshua Ward, Junior. 
 
 WALTERS, John 
 
 Flourished 1784, Philadelphia. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 WARREN, Asa 
 
 Flourished 1846-1847, Boston. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 WARWELL 
 
 b. ?; d. May 20, 1767, Charleston, 8. C. 
 Limner. 
 
 The Reverend Robert Wilson in his paper on "Art 
 and Artists in Provincial Carolina" suggests Warwell 
 as the painter of miniatures of William Gibbs and Isaac 
 Mazyck the Third, both bearing the date 1760. He 
 quotes the following item from the S. C. Gazette for 
 June 9, 1767: "Died, on the 29th May, Mr. Warwell, 
 Sr., a noted Limner. " 
 
 Walters — Warwell: 169 
 168
 
 WASHBURN, Mrs. H. B. 
 
 See Caroline Mimger. 
 
 WATSON, John 
 
 b. 1685, Scotland; d. August 22, f/68, Perth Amboy y 
 N. J. Portrait Painter. 
 
 John Watson was a Scotchman who came to the 
 Colonies in 171 5 and settled in Perth Amboy. He 
 revisited Europe for a while returning with a collection 
 of pictures which Dunlap wrote could be called the first 
 of its kind in the country. It was subsequently des- 
 troyed. 
 
 1. Governor Keith. India ink. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 2. Governor Keith's wife. India ink. 
 
 Historical Society of Penn. 
 
 WEINEDEL, Carl 
 
 b. 1795; d. May //, 1843, New York. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He exhibited miniatures at the National Academy 
 between 1839 and 1843. He was elected Associate N. A. 
 in 1839. 
 1. Unknown Man. "Engraved by J. B. Longacre from a 
 miniature by Mr. Weinedel." 
 
 WELLMORE, E. 
 
 Flourished 1834-1839, Philadelphia and New York. 
 Engraver and miniature painter. 
 
 Wellmore was a pupil of Longacre in Philadelphia 
 and engraved a number of portraits for the "National 
 
 Washburn — Wellmore: 170 
 169
 
 Portrait Gallery." He also worked in New York. In 
 his later years he took to the ministry. 
 
 WENTWORTH 
 
 Flourished 1815, Utica, N. Y. 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 He also made profile portraits in pencil. 
 
 WENZLER, A. H. 
 
 b. before 1S32; d. i8ji. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 He exhibited miniatures at the National Academy 
 during 1842 and 1844. He was elected N. A. in 1869 at 
 the same time as Eastman Johnson. 
 1. Dr. J. W. Francis N. A. Exhibition, 1842. 
 
 WERTMULLER, Adolph Ulric 
 
 b. February 18, 1751^ Stockholm, Sweden; d. October 5, 
 
 181 1 at Claymont near Wilmington, Delaware. 
 Portrait painter in oils, miniature and crayon. 
 
 Wertmuller came to the United States and settled in 
 Philadelphia in 1794. From 1796 to 1800 he went back 
 to Stockholm returning in the latter year to settle 
 permanently in this country. Washington sat to him 
 for his portrait in 1794. His painting of "Danae" was 
 the first painting of the nude figure publicly exhibited 
 in this country. He painted portraits of Gustavus III, 
 Gustavus IV and five portraits of George Washington. 
 The "Schedule" of the sale of his effects lists, besides 
 his materials for oil paintings, a complete set of brushes, 
 glasses, colors and ivory for miniature painting. 
 
 Wentworth — Wertmuller: 171 
 170
 
 1. Elizabeth Coates Butler. Oil, cabinet size. 
 
 Mrs. T. R. Ellis, Pa., [898. 
 
 2. General Washington. "From person; small oval, 6 
 in. by $% in. 1794." 
 
 See: "Schedule of Property, of the Late Adolphs 
 Ulrich Wertmiiller, " 1812. 
 
 WEST, Benjamin 
 
 b. October 10, i/jS near Springfield, Chester Co., Pa.; d. 
 
 March //, 1S20, London. 
 Historical and portrait painter. 
 
 Benjamin West painted portraits in Philadelphia 
 1756 and in New York 1758. Two years later he sailed 
 for Rome, remaining three years. He spent the rest 
 of his life in London and became president of the 
 Royal Academy. His studio was open to all the young 
 American artists either staying in or passing through 
 London. Stuart, Trumbull, Fulton, Wright and Mal- 
 bone are a few of the many painters he befriended as 
 well as instructed. 
 
 The miniature portrait of himself listed below was 
 shown him in London. He identified it as an early 
 painting and remarked: "Now this is not a bad picture 
 for one who had never seen a miniature!" 
 
 1. Self portrait at the Age of Eighteen. 
 
 Pennsylvania Academy Exhibition, 18 17. 
 
 2. Lord Byron's Mother. Signed "B. West, 1799." 
 
 Bowdoin College. 
 WEST, William Edward 
 
 b. December 10, 1788, Lexington, Ky.; d. November 2, 
 
 1857, Nashville, Tenn. 
 Historical painter and portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 West painted miniatures for some time before going 
 
 W 7 est, B.— West, W. E.: 172 
 
 171
 
 to Philadelphia about 1807 to study with Thomas 
 Sully. After this he painted in 18 19 in Natchez, Tennes- 
 see and finally in 1820 he sailed for Europe. At Leghorn 
 he painted a portrait of Lord Byron. In 1824 he was in 
 Paris and in 1825, London. He returned to the United 
 States in 1839 staying in Baltimore until 1840. He then 
 moved to New York and in 1855 to Nashville. His por- 
 traits in oil include those of Percy Shelley, Washington 
 Irving, Countess Guiccioli and Mrs. Hemans. See 
 "Century Magazine," Oct. 1805, and "Putnam's" 
 Sept. 1907. 
 
 1. Percy Bysshe Shelley. 9x8. Oil. 
 
 Mrs. J. Dunn, 1905. 
 WESTON, Mrs. Mary 
 
 Flourished mid nineteenth century , Hartford. 
 Miniature painter. 
 
 WHEELER, W. R. 
 
 b. Scio, Washington Co., Michigan; still living /Sgj. 
 Portrait, miniature, still life and landscape painter. 
 
 Wheeler first received his instructions in art from an 
 
 itinerant miniature painter, then at Detroit University. 
 
 In 1 855 he married and moved to Hartford. See French, 
 
 "Art and Artists in Connecticut." 
 
 WHITE, John Blake 
 
 b. September 2, 1781 near Eutaw Springs; d. August 24., 
 
 1859, Charleston, S. C. 
 Lawyer, politician, author, historical painter and portrait 
 
 painter in oils and miniature. 
 John Blake White as a young man studied law at 
 
 Weston — White: 173 
 
 172
 
 Columbia, S. C; then accompanied S. F. B. Morse to 
 Europe about 1800; studied art under Benjamin West 
 for four years and finally resumed the study of the 
 law. He was repeatedly elected to the State Legislature 
 of South Carolina. During his leisure he painted many 
 portraits, wrote plays and signed a number of historical 
 compositions. 
 
 1. Mrs. J. B. White. 
 
 Mrs. G. L. Buist, Charleston, S. C, 1902. 
 
 WILLIAMS, Henry 
 
 b. i/8/ f Boston; d. there, October 21, iSjo. 
 Silhouettist and portrait painter in oils and miniatures. 
 
 Henry Williams seems to have worked exclusively 
 in Boston. Dunlap speaks of him as also modelling in 
 wax and being a professor in electricity. One of his 
 portraits in oil was of Josiah Thomas. He probably 
 made the silhouette signed "Williams" in the possession 
 of Mr. D. M. Prouty of Boston and the one of Mary 
 Moody Emerson, also signed "Williams," reproduced 
 in Emerson's "Journal" volume four. The Worcester 
 Art Museum owns a portrait in wax by Williams of 
 Eben Larkin. 
 
 1. Samuel Larkin. Worcester Art Museum. 
 
 2. William Lovering. 2^x2. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 3. Charles Bertody. 3^4x3. The Ehrich Galleries. 
 
 WILSON, John T. 
 
 Flourished 1S4.4.-1860, New York. 
 Portrait and miniature painter. 
 
 Williams — Wilson, J. T. : 1-4 
 
 J 73
 
 WILSON, Matthew 
 
 b. July iy, 1814, London; d. Feb. 23, i8g2, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Portrait painter in oils, crayons and in miniature. 
 
 A pupil of Henry Inman, Wilson first exhibited 
 miniatures in Philadelphia. He was in Paris in 1835. 
 In 1843 ne was elected N. A. During 1 861-1863 in 
 Hartford he became a popular portrait draughtsman 
 in crayons and pastel. In 1863 he moved to Brooklyn. 
 He worked very rapidly often completing a portrait a 
 day, but his work suffered from his haste in execution. 
 Among the sitters for his portraits in oils were Tilden, 
 Gideon Welles, Gallatin, Washington Irving, Fenimore 
 Cooper, Thaddeus Stevens and Lincoln. 
 
 WOOD, Joseph 
 
 b. about 1778 Clarkstown, N. Y.; d. 1852, Washington, 
 B.C. 
 
 Portrait painter in oils and miniature. 
 
 The son of a farmer who was also the sheriff in his 
 native town, Joseph Wood turned to art as a profession 
 much against his father's wishes and, about 1794, set 
 out on foot for New York with a few dollars in his 
 pocket intending to earn his living with his pencil. His 
 inclinations were for drawing landscapes but by chance 
 his talents were directed toward miniature painting. 
 After a number of years at odd work during the winter 
 and violin playing during the summer, he chanced to 
 see a miniature in a shop window and asked permission 
 to copy it. This started him on his career. In 1804 he 
 formed a partnership with John Wesley Jarvis at 40 
 Nassau Street and that year both received assistance 
 
 Wilson, M.— Wood: 175 
 
 i74
 
 from Edward Malbone. The partnership was dissolved 
 in 1809 when Wood took a studio at 160 Broadway 
 until 1 81 2-13. He then went to Philadelphia where he 
 had a studio at 93 South Third Street. He lived in 
 Philadelphia at least as late as 18 17 and exhibited at 
 the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. He moved 
 later to Washington and in 1827, had rooms on the 
 north side of Pennsylvania Avenue between Ninth and 
 Tenth Streets, N.W. His portraits are excellent. 
 
 1. Samuel Etting. Attributed to Wood. 
 
 Penn. Academy of the Fine Arts. 
 
 2. Andrew Jackson. Cabinet size oil painting. 
 
 3. Andrew Jackson. "Engraved by Longacre from an 
 original miniature by J. Wood. B. O. Tyler, Wash- 
 ington City, 1824. " 
 
 4. Henry Clay. Cabinet size oil painting. Lithographed 
 in 1825 by A. Newsam. 
 
 5. Portrait of an Unknown Man. Painted in water color 
 mounted on wood. Signed 'Painted by J. Wood." 
 Inscription on the reverse: 'Presented to Edith 
 McPherson by Mrs. Abby Wood 1839." 
 
 Miss Bertha E. Perrie, Washington, D. C. 
 WOOLLEY 
 
 Flourished iy§/ ', New York and Philadelphia. 
 Painter of cabinet sized portraits. 
 
 Woolley was an Englishman who came to the United 
 States about 1797. "His best work," wrote Dunlap, 
 "was Archy Gifford's sign at Newark, a tox hunt, 
 doubtless copied from a print." 
 
 WRENCH, Mary 
 
 Anne H. Wharton quotes the story about Mary 
 
 Woolley — Wrench : 1 76 
 *75
 
 Wrench from Charles Wilson Peale's autobiographical 
 notes that is referred to in the present volume under 
 Polly Rench. 
 
 WRIGHT, Joseph 
 
 b. July 16, 1756) Bordentown, N. J.; d. 1793 •, Philadelphia. 
 Portrait painter. 
 
 Joseph Wright was the son of Mrs. Wright the 
 modeller in wax. Mrs. Wright took her family to Lon- 
 don about 1782, where Joseph received lessons from 
 Henry Hoppner, who married his sister, and from 
 Benjamin West. He drew a "miniature profile likeness" 
 of Washington unknown to the sitter during church 
 service at St. Paul's, New York and this sketch was etched 
 and printed on small cards. Washington appointed him 
 first draughtsman and die sinker to the mint. He de- 
 signed the first United States coins. See C. H. Hart's 
 article in the "Pennsylvania Magazine of History," 
 
 1906. 
 
 Wright: 176 
 
 176
 
 INDEX 
 
 Acres, John Edward 
 Agate, Alfred T. 
 Akin, James 
 Allen, Sarah Lockhart 
 Allston, Washington 
 Ames, Daniel F. 
 Ames, Ezra 
 Ames, Julius R. 
 Anderson, Alexander 
 Andre, John 
 Andrews, Ambrose 
 Annelli, Francesco 
 Armstrong, William G. 
 Atherton, E. 
 
 Badger, Joseph W. 
 Baker, George Augustus 
 Baker, George Augustus, Jr. 
 Baldwin, William 
 Ball, Thomas 
 
 Barbiere-Walbonne, Jacques 
 Barker, M. 
 Barralet, John James 
 Barrett, Thomas E. 
 Beard, George 
 Belzons 
 
 Benbridge, Henry 
 Bingham, George Caleb 
 Birch, B. 
 Birch, Thomas 
 Birch, William Russell 
 Bishop, Thomas 
 Blanchard, Mrs. Eliza H. 
 Blanchard, Washington 
 Bogardus, Mrs. William 
 Bogardus, William 
 Bolman, Miss 
 Bounetheau, Henry Brintnell 
 
 I 
 
 Bourdon 
 
 16 
 
 I 
 
 Brewster, John 
 
 17 
 
 1-2 
 
 Bridport, Hugh 
 
 17-18 
 
 2 
 
 Brodeau, Anna Maria 
 
 18 
 
 2 "3 
 
 Brooks, Samuel 
 
 18 
 
 3 
 
 Browere, Alburtis D. 0. 
 
 18-19 
 
 3 
 
 Brown, Abby Mason 
 
 l 9 
 
 4 
 
 Brown, G. 
 
 19 
 
 4 
 
 Brown, George Loring 
 
 19-20 
 
 4-5 
 
 Brown, Henry I. 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 Brown, John Henry 
 
 20-21 
 
 5 
 
 Brown, Mather 
 
 21 
 
 5-6 
 
 Brown, "Mysterious" 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 
 Browning, Mrs. 
 
 22 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 Burlin, Richard 
 
 22 
 
 Calyo, Nicolino Vicompte 
 
 de 22 
 
 6-7 
 
 Carlin, John 
 
 22-23 
 
 7 
 
 Catlin, George 
 
 2 3 
 
 7 
 
 Charles, S. M. 
 
 23 
 
 Luc 7 
 
 Chesdebien 
 
 24 
 
 7 
 
 Clark 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 9-10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10-13 
 
 l 3 
 
 !3 
 
 14 
 14 
 H 
 
 14 
 15-16 
 
 Clark, Alvan 
 
 Clonney, James Goodwyn 
 Clow, J. 
 
 Collas, Louis D. 
 Colles, J. 
 Comingo, Brown 
 Cooper, James 
 Cooper, Peregrine F. 
 Copley, John Singleton 
 Corne, Michaele Felice 
 Cummings, Thomas Sier 
 Cushman, George Hewitt 
 
 Dal ton, E. 
 
 De Brehan, Marchioness 
 
 Demilliere 
 
 24-25 
 25 
 
 2 5 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 27-30 
 
 3°~3 l 
 
 3i-3 2 
 
 3 2 
 
 3^ 
 33 
 33 
 
 177
 
 Denning, Charlotte 
 
 Dewey, S. 
 
 Dickinson, Anson 
 
 Dickinson, Daniel 
 
 Dodge, Edward Samuel 
 
 Dodge, T°hn Wood 
 
 Doyfe, William M. S. 
 
 Drexel, Francis Martin 
 
 Drucez 
 
 Dubourjal, Savinien Rdme 
 
 Duncan, Mrs. See Anna Clay 
 
 poole Peale 
 Duncan, James 
 Dunkerley, Joseph 
 Dunlap, William 38-41 
 
 Durand, Asher Brown 41-42 
 
 Du Simitiere, Pierre Eugene 42-43 
 Duval, Ambrose 43 
 
 Duvivier and Son 43 
 
 33 
 33-34 
 
 34-35 
 35 
 35 
 
 35-36 
 36 
 36 
 36 
 37 
 
 38 
 38 
 
 Eager, William 
 
 Earl or Earle, James 
 
 Earl or Earle, Ralph 
 
 Earl or Earle, Ralph E. W. 44 
 
 Edwards, Thomas 
 
 Eichholtz, Eicholtz or Eikholtz, 
 
 Jacob 
 Eldbridge, C. W. 45- 
 
 Elliott or Elliot, Charles Lor- 
 
 ing 
 Ellis, Salathiel 
 
 Elouis, Jean Pierre Henri 46- 
 Ellsworth, J. S. 
 
 Emmons, Alexander H. 47 
 
 Evans, John T. 
 Evers, John 
 
 Fairchild, Louis 48 
 
 Fanshaw, Samuel Raymond 48- 
 
 Fette, Henry Gerhard 
 
 Field, Robert 49- 
 
 Finn, Henry J. 
 
 Flagg, Josiah, Jr. 
 
 Florimont, Austin 
 
 Folsom, Mrs. C. A. 
 
 Folwell, Samuel 
 
 43 
 44 
 44 
 
 -45 
 
 45 
 
 45 
 -46 
 
 46 
 46 
 
 47 
 47 
 
 -48 
 48 
 48 
 
 -49 
 -49 
 
 49 
 
 "53 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 53 
 54 
 
 Foulis, R. 54 
 
 Fraser, Charles 54 _ 7° 
 
 Freeman, George 7°~7 I 
 Frothingham, Miss Sarah C. 71 
 
 Fulton, Robert 7 I- 7 2 
 
 Furnass, John Mason 72 
 
 German, John D. 73 
 
 Gerry, Samuel L. 73 
 
 Gillespie, J. H. 73 
 
 Gimber, Stephen H. 73 
 
 Gimbrede, Thomas 74 
 
 Girault 74 
 
 Godding, William C. 74 
 
 Goodridge, Sarah 74 _ 75 
 
 Greath 75—76 
 
 Greiner, Christopher 76 
 
 Griffing, Martin 76 
 
 Guillette, Madame J. 76 
 
 Haag, C. 77 
 
 Haines, William 77 
 
 Hall, Ann 77-78 
 
 Hall, Henry Bryan 78 
 
 Hancock, Nathaniel 78-79 
 
 Hansell, George II. 79 
 
 Harkins, Robert 79 
 
 Harvey, George 79 _ 8o 
 
 Hathaway, J. 80 
 
 Hazlitt, John 80-81 
 
 Heidemans, Henri 82 
 
 Henri, Pierre or Peter 82 
 
 Herrick, Henry W. 82 
 
 Hervier, Auguste 82-83 
 
 Hill, Pamela E. 83 
 
 Hillyer, William 83 
 
 Hite, George H. 83 
 
 Homan, S. V. 84 
 
 Hope Thomas W. 84 
 
 Howes, Samuel P. 84 
 
 Hudson, William, Jr. 84 
 
 Huntington, Daniel 84-85 
 
 Ingham, Charles Cromwell 85 
 
 Inman, Henry 85-87 
 
 Inman, John O' Brian 87 
 
 178
 
 Jackson, Edwin W. 
 
 87 
 
 Miller, Godfred 
 
 
 "5 
 
 Jarvis, Charles Wesley 
 
 87 
 
 Miller, William 11. 
 
 
 1 [5 
 
 Jarvis, John Wesley 
 
 87-89 
 
 Moranges 
 
 
 116 
 
 Jocelyn, Nathaniel 
 
 «9 
 
 Morein, J. A. 
 
 
 IK, 
 
 Jones, William F. 
 
 89 
 
 Morse, Samuel Finlev Breese 
 
 [16 
 
 Jonett, Matthew Harris 
 
 89-91 
 
 Munger, Caroline 
 Munger, George 
 
 116- 
 
 "7 
 117 
 
 Kearney, Francis 
 
 9> 
 
 
 
 
 Kellog, Minor K. 
 
 9] -92 
 
 Newcombe, George W. 
 
 
 M- 
 
 Kelly, Thomas 
 
 92 
 
 Newport, J. W. 
 
 
 J '7 
 
 Kimberly, James H. 
 
 92 
 
 
 
 
 King, Samuel 
 
 92 
 
 Officer, Thomas S. 
 
 
 1 17 
 
 Knight, Charles 
 
 9 2 ~93 
 
 O'Hara, Miss 
 
 
 118 
 
 Krimmel, John Lewis 
 
 93 
 
 Otis, Bass 
 
 
 118 
 
 Labutet 
 
 93 
 
 Parisen, Philip 
 
 
 119 
 
 La Farge, John 
 
 93 
 
 Parissen, William 1). 
 
 
 [19 
 
 Lalanne, Mary E. 
 
 93 
 
 Parker, Thomas 1 1. 
 
 
 1 19 
 
 Lambdin, James Reid 
 
 94 
 
 Parsell, Abraham 
 
 
 1 [9 
 
 Lamont, Daniel G. 
 
 94 
 
 Parsell, J. H. 
 
 
 119 
 
 Leslie, Charles Robert 
 
 94-95 
 
 Partridge, Joseph 
 
 119- 
 
 120 
 
 L'Estranye 
 
 95 
 
 Peale, Anna Claypoole 
 
 120- 
 
 121 
 
 Linen, George 
 
 95-96 
 
 Peale, Charles Willson 
 
 121- 
 
 123 
 
 Livermore, Mrs. 
 
 96 
 
 Peale, James 
 
 123- 
 
 126 
 
 Livingston, Harriet 
 
 96 
 
 Peale, Raphaelle 
 
 126- 
 
 127 
 
 Longacre, James Barton 
 
 96-97 
 
 Peale, Rembrandt 
 
 127- 
 
 128 
 
 Lord, Phoebe Griffin 
 
 97 
 
 Peale, Sarah M. 
 
 
 128 
 
 Lovett, William 
 
 97-98 
 
 Pease, C. W. 
 
 
 128 
 
 Lund, Theodore 
 
 98 
 
 Pelham, Henry 
 Penny, L. P. 
 
 128- 
 
 129 
 
 '-9 
 
 Mackintosh, Miss S. B. 
 
 9« 
 
 Persico, Gennarino 
 
 
 129 
 
 Mack 
 
 98 
 
 Petticolas, Edward F. 
 
 
 129 
 
 McDougal, John A. 
 
 98 
 
 Petticolas, Philip A. 
 
 
 129 
 
 McPherson, W. J. 
 
 98 
 
 Pine, Robert Edge 
 
 
 129 
 
 Malbone, Edward Greene 
 
 99-1 10 
 
 Plantou, Mrs. 
 
 
 129 
 
 Mapes, James Jay 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 Porter, John S. 
 
 
 130 
 
 Mar as, M. 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 Pratt, Matthew 
 
 
 ■3' 
 
 Marchant, Edward Dalton 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 Pratt, Robert M. 
 
 
 '3' 
 
 Mauvais 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 Purinton, J. 
 
 
 I3J 
 
 Meance 
 
 1 12 
 
 
 
 
 Mercer, William 
 
 1 12 
 
 Ramage, John 
 
 •3»- 
 
 l 33 
 
 Metcalf, Eliab 
 
 112-113 
 
 Rench, Miss Polly 
 
 
 133 
 
 Mever, Henry Hoppner 
 
 !I 3 
 
 Richardson, Mrs. C. S. 
 
 See 
 
 
 Mifflin, J. H. 
 
 114 
 
 Caroline Schetky 
 
 
 
 Miles, Edward 
 
 114-115 
 
 Rider, Alexander 
 
 
 134 
 
 Miller and Hillyer 
 
 n 5 
 
 Roberts, John 
 
 
 '34 
 
 79
 
 Robertson, Alexander 134 
 
 Robertson, Archibald 135-136 
 
 Robertson, Walter 136-137 
 
 Robinson, John 137 
 
 Rogers 137 
 
 Rogers, Charles 138 
 
 Rogers, Nathaniel 138 
 
 Rowand, William 138 
 
 Russell, Moses B. 139 
 
 Russell, W. C. 139 
 
 Sanford, Isaac 139 
 
 Sargent, Henry 139 
 
 Sartain, John 139-140 
 
 Saunders, Sophia 140 
 
 Savage, Edward 140 
 
 Schetky, Caroline 140-141. 
 
 Schoener, C. T. 141 
 
 Seager 141 
 
 Seager, Mrs. and Miss 141 
 
 Seaman, Charles 141 
 
 Sel, Jean B. 141 
 
 Shaftenbeng, Lewis 142 
 Sharpies, Mrs. (Ellen) Jamesi 42-1 43 
 
 Shepherd, T. S. 143 
 
 Shumway, Henry Colton 143-144 
 
 Simes, Mary Jane 144 
 
 Smith, James P. 144 
 
 Smith, John Rubens 145 
 
 Smith, William Good 145 
 
 Southward, George 145 
 
 Southworth, Nathaniel 146 
 
 Staigg, Richard Morrell 145-147 
 
 Stevens, George W. 147 
 Stoughton, Mrs. See Anna 
 
 C. Peale 
 
 Stuart, Gilbert 148 
 
 Sully, Lawrence 148-I49 
 
 Sully, Rosalie Kemble 149 
 
 Sully, Thomas 150-152 
 
 Sully, Thomas Wilcocks 152 
 
 Taylor 152 
 
 Tetley, William Birchall 152-153 
 
 Thomas, C. H. 153 
 
 Thompson, William John 
 Thompson, John 
 Thornton, William 
 Thornton, Mrs. William, 
 
 See Anna Brodeau 
 Tiebout, Mademoiselle 
 Tisdale, Elkanah 
 Torrey, Manasseh Cutler 
 Trott, Benjamin 
 Trumbull, John 
 Tucker, Benjamin 
 Twibill, George W. 
 
 J 53 
 
 l S3 
 
 1 54-i 55 
 
 l SS 
 
 l SS 
 156 
 
 156-159 
 
 159-164 
 
 164 
 
 164-165 
 
 Vail, Miss A. D. 165 
 
 Vaillant, Madame 165 
 
 Valentine, William 165-166 
 Valee, Jean Francois de La 166 
 
 Vanderlyn, John 167 
 
 Vandyck, James 167 
 
 Verstille, William 167-168 
 
 Walters, John 
 
 W arren, Asa 
 
 Warwell 
 
 Washburn, Mrs. H. B. See 
 
 Caroline Munger 
 Watson, John 
 Weinedel, Carl 
 Wellmore, E. 
 Wentworth 
 Wenzler, A. H. 
 Wcrtmuller, Adolph Ulric 
 West, Benjamin 
 West, William Edward 
 Weston, Mrs. Marv 
 Wheeler, W. R. 
 White, John Blake 
 Williams, Henry 
 Wilson, John T. 
 Wilson, Matthew 
 Wood, Joseph 
 Woolley 
 Wrench, Mary. See also 
 
 Polly Rench 
 Wright, Joseph 
 
 168 
 168 
 168 
 
 169 
 
 169 
 
 169-170 
 
 170 
 
 170 
 
 170-171 
 
 n i 
 172 
 
 172 
 
 172 
 
 173 
 
 173 
 
 !74 
 
 1 74-i 75 
 J 75 
 
 175-176 
 176 
 
 171- 
 
 172 
 
 180
 
 THREE HUNDRED COPIES OF THIS 
 
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