-NRLF 
 
LANDSCAPE 
 ARCHITECTURE 
 
 Ex 
 
 Libris 
 BEATRIX 
 FARRAND 
 
 UANDSCAPS 
 
 'ARCHITECTURE 
 
 REEF POINT GARDENS 
 LIBRARY 
 
 The Gift of Beatrix Farrand 
 
 to the General Library 
 University of California, Berkeley 
 
HANDBOOK 
 
 OF 
 
 THE TORQUAY FLORA; 
 
 COMPRISING^ THE 
 
 FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS GROWING 
 IN AND AROUND TORQUAY, 
 
 WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE HABITATS. 
 
 ROBERT tSTEWART, M.R.C.S. 
 
 TORQUAY: 
 E. CROYDON, ROYAL LIBRARY. 
 
 LONDON : 
 HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 
 1860. 
 
' Our outward life requires them not 
 
 Then wherefore had they birth ? 
 To minister delight to man, 
 
 To beautify the earth ; 
 To comfort man to whisper hope 
 
 Whene'er his faith grows dim : 
 For who so careth for the flowers 
 
 Will much more care for him." 
 
 LANDSCAPE 
 
 ARCHITECTURE 
 
S8Z 
 
 LANDSCAPE 
 ARCH. 
 LTBnARY 
 
 TO 
 
 PERCIVALL HAEE BAELE, ESQ., 
 
 IN REMEMBRANCE OF HIS COMPANIONSHIP DURING MANY 
 PLEASANT BOTANICAL RAMBLES, 
 
 is Folunu is 
 
 WITH EVERY FEELING OF AFFECTION AND ESTEEM, 
 
 BY HIS SINCERE FEIEND 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 190 
 
PEE FACE. 
 
 THE following work merely professes to be a List of the 
 various habitats of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Tor- 
 quay and its neighbourhood, and lays no claim whatever 
 to be considered in a scientific point of view ; it is only 
 designed to facilitate the researches of those who are de- 
 sirous of botanizing in our beautiful vicinity, by pointing 
 out, as clearly as possible, the particular localities in which 
 the majority of our wild plants are to be found. 
 
 I have followed the classification and arrangement of 
 Hooker and Arnott's ' British Flora' (seventh edition), 
 and have relied, for the habitats of the plants enumerated, 
 chiefly on my own knowledge of localities after nearly 
 twenty years' botanizing in the neighbourhood ; but I have 
 availed myself also of a large collection of Devonian plants 
 presented to the Torquay Natural History Society by 
 C. E. Parker, Esq., and of a small but valuable collection 
 of the rarer Flowering Plants, and a beautiful collection 
 of Ferns, presented to the same Institution by Miss A. 
 Griffiths. 
 
 Although my more immediate object has been to give 
 the several habitats in and near Torquay, still I have 
 deemed it advisable to take a rather wider range, and to 
 specify some more distant stations of plants, but in those 
 
IV PEERAGE. 
 
 places almost exclusively to which easy excursions can 
 be made ; I have therefore included all the localities with 
 which I am acquainted, within a circuit of twenty-five 
 miles of Torquay. 
 
 After the name of each plant, I have stated the nature 
 of the situations in which it is most likely to be found, 
 followed, in most cases, by a short description of its more 
 obvious characters ; and then I have given a list of its 
 several local habitats, the number of the plate in Sowerby's 
 *' English Botany' which represents it, and the time of its 
 flowering, but I have not thought it necessary to enter 
 into any minute botanical details, inasmuch as every bota- 
 nist will possess one, at least, of the many valuable English 
 Floras which have of late years been published,* each 
 of which contains all the requisite help for ascertaining 
 species. 
 
 When first botanizing in this locality, I felt greatly the 
 want of a similar work to the present, and I now confi- 
 dently trust that my humble labour may prove of service 
 to those who are anxious to make themselves acquainted 
 with the wild plants which grow in the neighbourhood of 
 Torquay. 
 
 In conclusion, I have only to state that I shall feel 
 grateful to those botanists who will communicate to me 
 any well authenticated habitats, within the prescribed area, 
 which I have not specified. 
 
 R. STEWAET. 
 
 3, Park Place, Torquay. 
 
 * The best modern Manuals are the following : Hooker and 
 Arnott's * British Flora ;' Babington's Manual ; and Bentham's 
 ' Handbook of the British Flora.' 
 
ABBREVIATIONS USED. 
 
 E. B English Botany. 
 
 E. B. S Supplement to English Botany. 
 
 Bab Babington's Manual. 
 
 Benth Bentham's Handbook. 
 
 Fl. D Flora Devoniensis. 
 
 Linn Linnaeus. 
 
 Sm Smith. 
 
 A Annual. 
 
 B Biennial. 
 
 P Perennial. 
 
 Sh Shrub. 
 
 T Tree. 
 
 I. II. in. etc. represent the months of flowering, as January, 
 February, March, etc. 
 
HANDBOOK 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TORQUAY FLORA. 
 
 CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONOUS OR EXOGENOUS 
 PLANTS. 
 
 SUB-CLASS I. THALAMIFLOKJE (ORD. I.-XXIII.) 
 
 OED. I. RANUNCULACE^E. 
 
 CLEMATIS. TRAVELLER'S JOY. 
 
 C. Vitalba (common T.} A climbing plant with a woody 
 stem, abundant in woods and hedges. Leaves pinnate, leafstalks 
 twining ; segments usually 5, ovate and stalked. The young 
 branches twist and twine over hedges and trees, sometimes com- 
 pletely covering them up. Flowers greenish-white, succeeded by 
 an abundant silky and feathery seed, perfectly white, at a distance 
 having the appearance of snow. Very plentiful on hedges and in 
 woods about Torquay and Marychurch. ^E. B. t. 612.) Sh. TI. 
 
 THALICTRUM. MEADOW-RUE. 
 
 T. minus (lesser M.) Stony pastures, and in dry situations 
 in limestone countries. A pretty, graceful-looking plant, with a 
 zigzag stem, about 1 foot high. 'Leafstalks three or four times 
 divided, with numerous small roundish or broadly wedge-shaped 
 leaves. Flowers a pale greenish-yellow, the calyx tinged with 
 pink. Babbicombe Down, on some projecting rocks near a steep 
 descent, just beyond the first gate. (E. B. t. 11.) P. vi. TJI. 
 
THALAMIFLOR^E. 
 
 ANEMONE. ANEMONE. 
 
 A. nemorosa (ivood A.) Moist woods and pastures and on 
 high mountains. Plant consisting of 2 or 3 root-leaves and a 
 single flower-stalk. Leafstalks long, with 3 ovate leaflets, lobed, 
 or sometimes divided into 3 similarly shaped segments. Flower- 
 stalk from 3 to 8 inches high ; flowers large and white, tinged 
 with purple on the outside. Bradley Woods. Near Totness. 
 Berry Pomeroy. Lane leading to Gldleigh, near Chagford. (E. 
 B. t. 355.) P. m.-v. 
 
 RANUNCULUS. CROWFOOT, SPEARWORT. 
 
 1. R. circinatus (rigid-leaved Water (7.) Lakes, ponds, 
 and ditches. Closely resembling the following, and doubtful 
 whether it should be considered as distinct from it. All the 
 leaves with shorter segments, spreading in all directions. Flowers 
 large. Near Barton. (E. B. S. t. 2869.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 2. R. aquatilis (common Water C.) Ponds, lakes, and 
 ditches. Plant either creeping in mud or floating in water, very 
 variable in appearance. When floating, the lower and sometimes 
 all the leaves remain under-water; leaves divided into 3 or 5 
 wedge-shaped or rounded lobes, those submerged linear ; flowers 
 white, with their petals larger than the calyx. Forde bog, near 
 Newton. Groodrington marsh. Biver Dart. (Bovey Heath, near 
 the coal-pit, Fl. -D.) (E. B. t. 101.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 3. R. hederaceus (Ivy C.) In wet places and shallow pools 
 of water. All the leaves spread on the mud or floating, rounded 
 or kidney- shaped, smooth and succulent, on long leafstalks. 
 Flowers small and white. Cockington. Paignton. Forde bog, 
 near Newton. (E. B. t. 2003.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 4. R. Flammula (lesser Spearwort.) Sides of lakes and in 
 ditches. Stem more or less prostrate at the base, rooting at the 
 joints and sending up stems about a foot high, with long lance- 
 shaped leaves ; flowers on long flower-stalks, of a bright yellow 
 hue. Forde bog, near Newton. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 387.) 
 P. vi.-vm. 
 
 5. R. Ficaria (Pilewort (?., lesser Celandine.) On banks, in 
 pastures, woods and bushy places, abundant. Plant with radical 
 heart-shaped leaves, crenated, smooth, and shining. Flower- 
 stem bearing one or two stalked leaves, flowers yellow, with an 
 almost metallic lustre. Very common in the lanes about Torquay 
 and Cockington. (E. B. t. 584) P. in.-v. 
 
THALAMIELOEJS. 3 
 
 6. R. auricomus (wood <?., Goldilocks.) In woods, thickets, 
 and bushy places. Plant erect and branched, usually about 8 
 inches or a foot in height. Root-leaves kidney-shaped, stalked ; 
 upper ones divided into 3, 5, or 7 linear toothed segments ; calyx 
 hairy, shorter than the petals ; flowers large and yellow. Plant 
 not acrid. Berry Pomeroy. (E. B. t. 624.) P. IV. v. 
 
 7. R. sceleratus (Celery-leaved C.) On the sides of ditches 
 and pools. A much branched and upright plant, sometimes 
 growing to nearly 2 feet high, but generally under a foot. The 
 lower leaves stalked, and divided into 3 bluntly-toothed lobes ; 
 upper leaves sessile, consisting of 3 linear segments. Flowers very 
 small and numerous, pale yellow. Side of the ditch near Torre 
 Abbey. Paignton. Dawlish. (E. B. t. 681.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 8. R. acris (upright meadow C.) In meadows and pastures. 
 This plant varies in height from 6 inches to 2 or 3 feet. Leaves 
 3 times divided, with deeply and acutely cut segments ; upper 
 leaves linear. Flowers large and bright yellow, on long panicled 
 stalks. Calyx spreading, but shorter than the petals. Common 
 in pastures everywhere. (E. B. t. 652.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 9. R. repens (creeping C.) In pastures, very common. Roots 
 creeping. Stems about 1 foot high ; leaves with 3 stalked leaf- 
 lets, usually 3-lobed and cut. Flowers large and yellqw. Seed- 
 vessel hairy. Very abundant in pastures. (E. B. t. 516.) P. 
 V.-VIII. 
 
 10. R. bulbosus (bulbous C.) In pastures, meadows, and 
 waste places. Stem from 6 inches to a foot high, thickened at 
 the base into a kind of bulb, hairy. Leaves smaller than those of ' 
 R. repens, divided into 3 segments which are more or less cut j 
 the upper leaves cut into linear segments. Stem many-flowered ; 
 flowers yellow. Torquay. Marychurch, etc., frequent. (E. B. t. 
 515.) P. v. 
 
 11. R. hirsutus (pale hairy C.) In fields and waste places. 
 Plant much branched, 6 inches to 1 foot high ; much like the 
 last, but with leaves and flowers smaller, and the latter of a paler 
 yellow. Torre Abbey ditches. Marychurch. (E. B. t. 1504.) 
 A. vi.-x. 
 
 12. R. parvifloms (small -flowered C.) In cornfields and 
 waste places. Plant from 2 or 3 inches to a foot high, with a 
 weak, decumbent or ascending stem ; whole plant hairy. Leaves 
 nearly round, on long stalks, the lower ones 5-lobed and cut, the 
 upper 3-lobed. Flowers yellow, small ; petals not longer than 
 the calyx. Road to Meadfoot. Pastures, etc., above Hope's 
 Nose. Warberry Hill, etc. (E. B. t. 120.) A. v. vi. 
 
 13. R. arvensis (corn C.) Cornfields. Stem erect, branch- 
 ing, pale green, 6 to 18 inches high. Leaves divided into long 
 
THALAMLFLOKJE. 
 
 narrow segments. Flowers pale yellow and small. Eeadily dis- 
 tinguished by its spinous fruit. Cornfields in the neighbour- 
 hood of Exeter, Withecombe Wood, near Exmouth, FL D. (E. 
 B. t. 135.) A. Y. 
 
 CALTHA. MAESH MAEIGOLD. 
 
 C. palustris (common M.) Marshy places, common. Stem 
 rooting, about a foot long ; leaves nearly all radical, on long 
 stalks, kidney-shaped or roundish. Flowers very large and hand- 
 some, of a bright golden yellow. Behind Torre Abbey. Paignton. 
 KingskersweU. Forde bog. Totness. (E. B. t. 2175.) P. in.-vi. 
 
 HELLEBORUS. HELLEBORE. 
 
 1. H. viridis (green H.) In woods, thickets, and hedges, 
 growing frequently about old walls and ruined houses. Plant 
 about 1 foot or 18 inches high. The root-leaves large, on long, 
 broad stalks, divided into from 7 to 11 narrow lanceolate and ser- 
 rated segments, 3 or 4 inches long ; upper leaves sessile. Flowers 
 3 or 4, drooping, of a pale sickly green. Chelstone, near Torquay, 
 in an old orchard. (E. B. t. 200.) P. in. iv. 
 
 2. H. foetidus (stinking U.) In stony pastures and thickets. 
 Flower-stem more than a foot high. Leaves not all radical, but 
 growing from the base of the stem in a large and thick tuft, 
 having narrower segments. Flowers more numerous than in 
 H. viridis, growing more in clusters, pale green, sometimes with 
 a purple tinge. Torquay. Miss A. Griffiths. (E. B. t. 613.) P. 
 
 II.-IV. 
 
 AQUILEGIA. COLUMBINE. 
 
 A. vulgaris (common C.) Woods and coppices. Low 
 leaves growing in a large cluster, on long stalks, two or three 
 times divided ; segments broad and having 3 lobes. Flowering 
 stems bearing a loose panicle of large, drooping, blue, dull purple, 
 or white flowers. Near Hope's Nose. Kerswell Down. Woods at 
 Ipplepen. Chudleigh. Gidleigh, near Chagford. (E. B. t. 297.) 
 P. V.-YII. 
 
THALAMIFLOR^. O 
 
 ORD. II. BERBERIDACEJE, 
 
 BERBERIS. BARBERY. 
 
 B. vulgaris (common B.} Coppices, woods, and hedges. A 
 small shrub, growing to about 6 or 8 feet high, branches armed 
 with sharp thorns at the base of the leaf- tufts. Leaves ovate and 
 sharply toothed. Flowers yellow, hanging in graceful clusters. 
 Berries red, very acid. Shiphay, near Torquay. Copse by the 
 brook at Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 49.) Sh. v. vi. 
 
 ORD. III. NYMPKZEACE.E. 
 NYMPHJEA. WHITE WATER-LILY. 
 
 N. alba (great W.) Lakes and pools. A beautiful aquatic 
 plant, with large heart-shaped leaves, and pure white flowers 3 
 or 4 inches in 'diameter, lying on the surface of the water. Given 
 in El. D. as growing in marshes and canals at Powderham, but 
 most probably not wild. (E. B. t. 160.) P. vii. 
 
 NI7PHAR. YELLOW W^ATER-LILY. 
 
 N. lutea (common Yellow W.) In the same situations as 
 Nymph&a alba, but more common. Leaves heart-shaped. Flow- 
 ers yellow and rising on stalks some inches out of the water ; calyx 
 large, but the petals of the flower small and numerous. Fruit 
 roundish. In the Clyst river, near Bishop's Clyst Bridge, Fl. D. 
 (E. B. t, 159.) P. vn. 
 
 ORD. IV. PAP AVERAGES. 
 
 PAP AVER. POPPY. 
 
 1. P. hybridum (round rough-headed P.} Waste and culti- 
 vated places, rather rare. Leaves stalked, once or twice pinnate, 
 with stiff and short segments. Flowers rather small, of a pur- 
 plish red. Seed- capsules, round, covered with stiff spreading 
 bristles. Fields about Torquay. In a field near Dawlish, FL D. 
 (E. B. t. 43.) A. v.-vn. 
 
 2. P. Argemone (long prickly-headed P.) Corn-fields and 
 
6 THALAMLFLOKJ3. 
 
 waste places. A weak and small plant, with few and narrow 
 leaves. Flowers small with narrow petals, scarlet- red rather than 
 crimson, often having a dark spot upon them. Capsule hairy 
 with erect bristles. Fields at North Bovey. Mount Pleasant, 
 above Exmouth Warren. Fields by the Exe, near Exeter, Fl. D. 
 (E. B. t. 643.) A. v.-vn. 
 
 3. P. dubium (long smooth-headed P.) Waste places and 
 cornfields, rather common. Stem 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves sin- 
 gly or doubly pinnatifid, sessile, with very narrow lobes. Flowers 
 large, with broad petals, light scarlet. Fruit oblong and smooth. 
 Cornfields at Mary church. Newton. (E. B. t. 644.) A. v.-vil. 
 
 '4, P. Rhoeas (common red P.) In waste and cultivated 
 places, cornfields. Plant erect and branched, 1 or 2 feet high, 
 whole plant rough with spreading hairs. Lower leaves large and 
 stalked, once or twice divided, with the lobes lance- shaped and 
 pointed ; upper leaves sessile, deeply cut, with serrated segments. 
 Flowers large, with broad overlapping petals, deep crimson. Cap- 
 sule round and smooth. Cornfields about Torquay, etc. (E. B. 
 t. 645.) A. vi. vii. 
 
 GLAUCIUM. HOBNED POPPY. 
 
 G. luteum (yellow Horned Poppy.) On sandy seashores. A 
 stout plant, with hard, spreading, smooth branches. Leaves 
 thick and fleshy ; lower ones on stalks and divided, bearing short 
 thick hairs ; upper leaves embracing the stem, wavy and smooth. 
 Flowers on short stalks, large and bright yellow, succeeded by 
 curved pods from 6 inches to a foot in length, which ar surmountede 
 by the lobes of the stigma. Meadfoot Cliffs, Torquay. Paignton. 
 (E. B. t. 8.) B. vi.-viii. 
 
 CHELIDONIUr/I. CELANDINE. 
 
 C. majus (common C.) On roadsides, waste places, and on 
 old walls. Plant from 1 to 2 feet high ; stems slender, branching, 
 giving out a yellow fetid juice when broken. Leaves thin and 
 delicate. Leaves pinnate ; segments ovate, coarsely lobed. Flow- 
 ers small and yellow, 5 or 6 together in an imperfect umbel ; seed- 
 vessel sticking up from the centre of the flower. Pod long, swol- 
 len in the centre and tapering at each end. Chelston. Shiphay, 
 on old walls. (E. B. t. 1581.) P. v.-vni. 
 
THALAMTFLOEJB. 7 
 
 OKD. V. FUMARIACEJE. 
 FUMARIA. FUMITORY. 
 
 1. P. officinalis (common F.) In dry fields and by road- 
 sides. A delicate plant, of a pale green colour, varying much 
 both in size and appearance. Leaves smooth and very much di- 
 vided, generally 3-lobed ; lobes varying in shape from linear to 
 oblong. Flowers red, small. Nuts very blunt. Meadfoot cliffs, 
 etc. (E. B. t, 589.) A. T.-IX. 
 
 2. P. capreolata (rampant F.) In cornfields, gardens, 
 hedges, and roadsides. A large luxuriant form, very variable, 
 much bolder in all its parts than the last, often spreading out to 
 the length of 2 feet or more. Flowers whitish or pale red. Nuts 
 nearly globular. Babbicombe. Teignmouth. (E. B. t. 943.) 
 A. vi.-ix. 
 
 CORYDALIS. CORYDALIS. 
 
 1. C. lutea (yellow C.) In stony places and on old walls. 
 Stem angular, erect, 6 or 8 inches high. Leaves delicate, almost 
 transparent, pale green, divided into a great number of ovate or 
 wedge-shaped segments. Flowers in short racemes, pale yellow. 
 Pod about a fourth of an inch long. Cockington, on old walls. 
 Shiphay. (Fumaria, E. B. t. 588.) P. v.-vm. 
 
 2. C. claviculata (ivhite climbing C.) In stony and bushy 
 places. Plant with slender much-branched stems 1 or 2 feet long. 
 Leafstalks ending at the terminal leaf in a delicate tendril, whicli 
 enables the plant to climb among stones and bushes ; leaves much 
 divided into small oblong- toothed segments. Flowers small and 
 cream-coloured. Meadfoot cliffs. Home Chase, etc. Fumaria y 
 Linn. (E. B. t. 103.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 ORD. VI. 
 STJBOED. I. PL'EUEORHIZ^. 
 
 TEIBE I. AEABIDE^:. 
 CHEIRANTHUS. WALLFLOWER. 
 
 C. Cheiri (common W.) On old walls and waste places. A 
 etiff, hardy plant, with a woody-looking stem. Leaves numerous, 
 
THALAMIFLOKJ3. 
 
 narrow, pointed, and quite entire. Flowers large, of a deep orange- 
 yellow, sometimes pale yellow, sweet-scented Wall of the old 
 manor-house, Torquay. Wall at Chelston, etc. C. fructiculosus, 
 Linn. (E. B. t. 1934.) P. v. vi. 
 
 BARBARBA. WINTER-CRESS. 
 
 1. B. vulgaris (bitter W., yellow Rocket.} Pastures and 
 hedges, common. A stout, green, smooth, and slightly branched 
 plant, from 1 to 2 feet high. Lower leaves lyrate, with blunt seg- 
 ments ; upper ones mostly pinnate, with blunt terminal lobes. 
 Flowers small and yellow, the lower ones falling off before the 
 upper flowers open. Pods numerous, erect. Erysimum Barbarea, 
 Linn. Frequent everywhere. (E. B. t. 443.) B. or P. v.-vm. 
 
 2. B. prsecox (early W.} Pastures and hedges. Agreeing 
 very closely with the last, but more slender in all its parts. Style 
 shorter and thicker. Thought by Bentham to be merely a va- 
 riety. Chelston. Teignmouth. (Erysimum, E. B. t. 1120.) B. 
 V.-VII. 
 
 ARABIS. ROCK-CRESS. 
 
 A. hirsuta (hairy .&.) On walls, banks, and rocks. Plant 
 from 10 to 15 inches high ; stem erect, and rough with short hairs ; 
 lower leaves spreading, oblong and slightly toothed, upper leaves 
 for the most part clasping the stem. Flowers small and white ; 
 pods long and erect. Meadford Cliffs. Park Hill. Chapel Hill. 
 (E. B. t. 587.) B. vi.-vm. 
 
 CARDAMINE. BITTER-CRESS. 
 
 1. C. pratensis (common B., Ladies' Smoclc, Cuckoo-flower.) 
 In moist meadows. Stems nearly a foot high ; leaves pinnate, 
 radical ones with oval or nearly round segments ; stem-leaves with 
 oblong or linear segments. Flowers light pink, large and hand- 
 some ; seed-pods long and upright. Meadows near Torre Abbey. 
 Meadows at Paignton. Forde bog, Newton. (E. B. t. 776*.) 
 P. iv.-vi. 
 
 2. C. hirsuta (hairy .#.) In moist shady places, ommon. 
 Plant from 6 inches to a foot high. Lower leaves pinnate, with 
 ovate or rounded segments, angularly cut, upper ones more en- 
 tire. Stem usually hairy, but sometimes nearly or quite smooth. 
 
THALAMIFLOR^l. 9 
 
 Flowers small and white. Pods in a loose cluster. Common in 
 the neighbourhood of Torquay. (E. B. t. 492.) A. iii.-vm. 
 
 NASTURTIUM. WATER-CRESS, YELLOW-CKESS. 
 
 1. N. officinale (common Water-Cress.) Brooks and rivulets, 
 widely distributed. Stem much branched, creeping or floating in 
 the water. Radical leaves large, of from 5 to 7 distant leaflets, 
 the terminal one broad and rounded; stem-leaves with the leaflets 
 smaller and much closer together, ovate or linear-oblong, but the 
 end leaflet always largest and rounded. Flowers small and white. 
 Seed-pods on spreading footstalks, curving slightly upwards. 
 Much esteemed as a salad. Brooks and streams in the neigh- 
 bourhood. (E. B. t. 855.) P. v.-x. 
 
 2. N. sylvestre (creeping Yellow- Cress) In wet places and 
 on riverbanks. Plant with a creeping stem and ascending flower- 
 ing branches. Leaves deeply pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate and cut, 
 the leaflets of the upper leaves however much narrower and en- 
 tire. Flower-etem angularly waved ; flowers small and yellow. 
 Pod smaller and more slender than that of the common Water- 
 Cress. Bovey stream, by Woodford Bridge, FL D. Sisymbrium, 
 Linn. (E. B. t. 2324.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 3. N. terrestre (marsh Yellow- Cress.) In muddy and watery 
 places. Resembles the last, but not so tall and more slender ; the 
 leaves have broader lobes and rather more toothed ; flowers and 
 pods both smaller. Side of the river at Exwick, Fl. D. Sisym- 
 brium, Linn. (E. B. t, 1747.) A. vi.-x. 
 
 TRIBE II. 
 ARIVTORACIA. HORSE-RADISH, WATER-RADISH. 
 
 1. A. amphibia (great Water-Radish) In moist meadows 
 and sides of rivers. Plant rising 2 or 3 feet high. Leaves ob- 
 long, pointed ar.d deeply serrate. Flowers yellow, with petals 
 much longer than the calyx. Seed -pouch oval. River Exe, near 
 the village of Wear, Fl. D. Sisymbrium, Linn. (E. B. t. 1840.) 
 P. vn.-viii. 
 
 2. A. rusticana (common Horse-Radish) Waste places and 
 pastures. A well-known plant, but generally the outcast from 
 gardens. Many places about Torquay. Cochlearia armoracia, 
 Linn. (E. B. t. 2323.) P. v. 
 
10 THALA-MIFLOE^E. 
 
 COCXIIiEARXA. SCURYY-aRASS. 
 
 1. C. ofHcinalis (common S.} On the seacoast, in a stony 
 or sandy soil, frequent. A low, smooth, and somewhat fleshy 
 plant, with stalked roundish or kidney- shaped lower leaves, and 
 upper leaves sessile and inclining to oblong, both being angularly 
 toothed. Flowers at the ends of the branches, white. Pods 
 nearly round. Babbicombe. Walls and rocks about Torquay. 
 (E. B. t. 551.) The variety 7 of Hooker and Arnott, C. Danica, 
 grows on the cliffs at Meadfoot. (E. B. t. 696.) B. V.-YIII. 
 
 2. C. Anglic a (English S.) Sides of rivers, and marshy 
 places. Differing from the last in its smaller size, its smaller 
 stalked and heart-shaped root-leaves, larger flowers and seed-pods. 
 Topsham marshes, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 552.) A. v. 
 
 DRABA. WHITLOW-GRASS. 
 
 D. verna (common W.) On rocks, walls, and dry banks, very 
 frequent. A very small plant, with a tuft of small oblong leaves, 
 cut at their extremities, spreading .closely on the ground, from 
 the midst of which one or two naked flower-stalks arise, bearing 
 a loose raceme of white flowers, succeeded by seed-pods on long 
 stalks. Common everywhere about Torquay and Marychurch. 
 (E. B. t. 586.) A. m.-vi. 
 
 KONIGA. KONI&A. 
 
 K. maritima (seaside K., or sweet Alyssum) In waste places 
 and sandy pastures near the sea. Stems procumbent or ascend- 
 ing, nearly a foot long. Leaves narrow and lanceolate. Flowers 
 white, smelling like honey. Pods of a swelling oval shape. Can 
 only be considered as a truant from gardens. Exmouth sands. 
 (E. B. t. 1729.) P. vm. ix. 
 
 TEIBE III. THLASPIDE^:. 
 THLASPI. PENNY-CRESS. 
 
 1. T. arvense (field P., or MitJiridate Mustard.} In fields 
 and by the sides of roads, not very common. A smooth upright 
 plant, from 6 inches to a foot high. Leaves a pointed oval, in- 
 clining to lanceolate ; lower leaves stalked ; upper, clasping the 
 stem with angular auricles. Flowers white and very minute ; seed- 
 
THALAMLFLOB.E. 11 
 
 pods very large and swelling, deeply notched at the top. War- 
 berry Hill, Torquay. Chudleigh. "Teignmouth. (E. B. t. 1659.) 
 A. v.-vn. 
 
 2. T. alpestre (alpine P.) Mountainous pastures in lime- 
 stone districts. Whole plant about 6 inches high. Radical leaves 
 nearly oval, stalked ; stem-leaves narrow and clasping, with short 
 auricles. Flowers larger than in the last species, and seed-pods 
 much smaller. Meadfoot Clifis. (Ilsington, Fl. D.) (E. B. t. 81.) 
 P. VI.-YIII. 
 
 TEESDALIA. TEESDALIA. 
 
 T. nudicaulis (naked-stalked T.) On sandy and gravelly 
 banks and stony places. Leaves all radical, pinnate, with the 
 end lobe larger and broadly oval. Flower-stems 3 or 4, leaf- 
 less, rising 2 or 3 inches high, crowned with a cluster of small 
 white flowers. When in seed the pods are in short racemes, 
 and are nearly round, with a slight notch at their tops. Bick- 
 leigh High Tor. Near Fingle Bridge. Base of Middledon Down, 
 near Chagford. Banks at Bovey Heathfield. (E. B. t. 327.) 
 A. vi. vn. 
 
 TRIBE IY. CAKILIKELE. 
 CAKILE. SEA-ROCKET. 
 
 C. maritima (purple S.) On sandy sea-shores, frequent. 
 Plant with loose straggling branches ; leaves fleshy and pinnately 
 divided. Flowers purplish, something like those of the Stock. 
 Paignton Sands. Goodrington Sands. (E.B.t.231.) A. VI. VII. 
 
 SUBORD. NOTORRHIZEM. 
 
 TRIBE Y. SISTMBRIE^:. 
 SISYMBRIUItt. HEDGE-MUSTARD. 
 
 1. S. officinal e (common ff.) Waste places and roadsides, 
 common. Plant erect, about 1 foot high, more or less downy, 
 with stiff and spreading branches. Leaves very much divided, 
 with lanceolate lobes, the end lobe much longer than the lateral 
 ones. Flowers yellow and very small. Pods long and tapering, 
 and closely pressed to the stalk. Yery common about Torquay, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 735.) A. vi. vn. 
 
12 THALAMIFLOK.E. 
 
 2. S. Sophia (fine-leaved ff., or Flix-weed.) Similar localities 
 to the last. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, with a short hoary clown. 
 Leaves divided 2 or 3 times into many linear segments. Flowers 
 small and yellow. Pods long and slender, standing out from the 
 stalk. Waste places at Teignmouth, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 963.) 
 A. YI.-VIII. 
 
 3. S. thalianum (common Tkale- Cress.) On old walls and 
 dry banks. A slender branching plant about 6 inches high. 
 Leaves nearly all radical, and spreading, coarsely toothed. Stem- 
 leaves few and sessile. Flowers small and white. Pods slender, 
 on slight stalks. Common on banks and walls. Arabis, Linn. 
 (E. B. t. 901.) A. iv. v. and ix. x. 
 
 ALLIARIA. GAELIC-MUSTAED. 
 
 A. officinalis (common 6?., Jack-by-the hedge, or Sauce-alone.) 
 By waysides and on banks of hedges, very common. From 1 to 
 3 feet high. Lower leaves roundish and crenated, on long stalks ; 
 those of the stem on short stalks, heart- shaped, pointed at the 
 extremities and coarsely toothed. Flowers white. Seed-pods on 
 short stalks, the pod making an angular bend at its junction with 
 the stalk. Whole plant, when bruised, smells strongly of garlic. 
 Abundant along the Babbicombe road and Ansti's Cove lane. 
 Erysimum Alliaria, Linn. (E. B. t. 796.) B. v. VI. 
 
 ERYSIMUM. TEEACLE-MUSTAED. 
 
 E. cheiranthoides (worm-seed T.) In fields and waste 
 places. A stout, erect plant from 10 inches to 2 feet high. Leaves 
 broadly lance-shaped, tapering at the base, pale green. Flowers 
 light yellow, small. Pods long and numerous. Fields at Mary- 
 church. Newton. Paignton. (E. B. t. 942.) B. vi.-vm. 
 
 TRIBE VI. 
 
 TRIBE VII. 
 CAPSELLA. SHEPHEED'S-PUESE. 
 
 C. Bursa-pastoris (common S.) Cornfields, roadsides, and 
 waste places. Whole plant hairy ; varies in height from 3 inches 
 
13 
 
 to 2 feet. Root-leaves pinnatifid, witli the end lobe triangular, 
 all spreading on the ground ; stem-leaves clasping, with short 
 auricles. Flowers small and white. Pods flattened, heart-shaped. 
 Very common in the neighbourhood. Thlaspi, Linn. (E. B. t. 
 1485.) A. in.-x. 
 
 LEPIDIUM. PEPPERWORT. 
 
 1. L. campestre (common Mithridate P.) In cornfields and 
 dry, gravelly places. Stem solitary and erect, about a foot high, 
 generally branched in the upper part. Root-leaves stalked and 
 oblong ; upper leaves inclined to lanceolate, slightly toothed, 
 clasping, with pointed auricles. Flowers small and white. Pods 
 very numerous, on spreading stalks. Plentiful in fields about the 
 neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 1885.) Thlaspi, Linn. A. v.-vm. 
 
 2. L. Smithii (smooth field P.] In hilly pastures and waste 
 places. Much like the last, but with shorter and more numerous 
 etems. Leaves more hairy, and flowers larger. Seed-pod smooth. 
 Meadfoot Cliffs. Warberry Hill. Thlaspi hirtum, Sm. (E. B. t. 
 1803.) P. YI.-TIII. 
 
 SENEBIERA. WART-CRESS. 
 
 1. S. Goronop'us (common W., Swine's- Or ess.} In cultivated 
 fields and waste places. Stems first forming a short tuft ; but 
 after flowering, spreading along the ground. Leaves 2 or 3 times 
 pinnately divided, segments nearly linear. Flowers few, small, 
 and white, in lateral axillary clusters. Seed-pouches large, in 
 crowded clusters. Meadfoot Cliffs. Warberry Hill. Berry Head. 
 Chudleigh. Coronopus Ruellii, Sm. (E. B. t. 1660.) A. v.-ix. 
 
 2. S. didyma (lesser W.} Waste grounds near the sea. Some- 
 what like the last, but more slender. Leaves much more divided 
 and more crowded. Flowers smaller. Frequent everywhere. Coro- 
 nopus, Sm. (E. B. t. 218.) A. vii.-ix. 
 
 TllIBE VIII. ISATIDEjE. 
 
 SUBOED. III. ORTHOPLOCE^S. 
 
 TRIBE IX. BBASSICE^:. 
 
 BRASSICA. CABBAGE, TURNIP, NAVEW. 
 1. B. oleracea (sea Cabbage.} Cliffs near the sea. Leaves 
 
14 THALAMIFLOE.E. 
 
 smooth, waved and lobed j lower leaves lyrate, stalked ; upper 
 leaves oblong and sessile. Flowers large and yellow. Seed- pods 
 long and erect. The origin of our garden Cabbage. Cliffs above 
 Ansti's Cove. Dartmouth. (E. B. t. 637.) B. vi.-vm. 
 
 2. B. Napus (Rape or Cole-seed) and B. rapa (common 
 Turnip) are mere varieties dependent upon cultivation of B. cam- 
 pestris (common Wild Navew) . A plant varying in height from 
 1 to 2 feet, with lower leaves lyrate and toothed, the end lobe 
 large ; somewhat hairy ; upper leaves heart- shaped, tapering to a 
 point and clasping the stem ; auricles rounded. Flowers bright 
 yellow. Pods like those of the Cabbage. Marychurch. Warberry 
 Hill. Fields at Moreton, etc. (E. B. t. 2146, 2234, and 2176.) 
 A. or B. v.-vn. 
 
 SINAPIS. MUSTARD. 
 
 1. S. nigra (common M.) Under hedges and in waste grounds. 
 Plant from 3 to 4 feet high. Lower leaves lyrate and rough, the 
 end lobe large ; upper leaves entire, lance-shaped. Flowers yellow. 
 Pods pressed close to the stem. Our table Mustard is produced 
 from the seeds. Common about Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 969.) 
 A. VL-viii. 
 
 2. S. arvensis (wild M., Charlock.) Too common in corn- 
 fields. A coarse-looking plant, from 1 to 2 feet high, bristly. 
 Lower leaves stalked, inclining to lyrate ; upper leaves sessile. 
 Flowers large and yellow. Pods smooth, swelling and knotty, 
 beaked. Abundant everywhere. (E. B. t. 1748.) A. vi.-vm. 
 
 3. S. alba (white M.) Fields and waste places. Stem from 
 12 to 18 inches high, smooth, or with a few spreading hairs. 
 Leaves lobed irregularly, pinnate or lyrate. Flowers large, yel- 
 low. Pods hairy. Yery frequent. (E. B. t. 1677.) A. vn. 
 
 DIPLOTAXIS. ROCKET. 
 
 D. teimifolia (watt Rocket.) On walls and waste and rub- 
 bishy banks. From 1 to 2 feet high, loosely branched, quite 
 smooth. Leaves a yellowish green, very variable in their divi- 
 sions, usually lanceolate, with acute pinnate divisions ; uppermost 
 leaves often nearly entire. Flowers large and yellow. Pods 
 slender and spreading, in a loose cluster, containing two distinct 
 rows of seeds. Old walls about Exeter, Fl. D. 
 Linn. (E. B. t. 525.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 TRIBE X. YELLED. 
 
THALAMIPLOE^l. 15 
 
 TRIBE XI. RAPHANE.E. 
 CRAMBE. KALE. 
 
 C. maritima (sea Kale.) Sandy seashores, not common. 
 Plant smooth and branched, about 2 feet high, with a stout, hard 
 stock. Lower leaves roundish, waved and coarsely toothed, yel- 
 lowish-green, stalked ; upper leaves few and much smaller. 
 Flowers in a dense terminal cluster, large and white. Dawlish. 
 Slapton Sands, from whence it was brought for cultivation in 
 1795, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 924.) P. vi. 
 
 RAPHANUS. EADISH. 
 
 1. R. Raphauistrum (wild R., or jointed Charlock.) In corn- 
 fields, frequent. Stem from 12 to 18 inches high. Lower leaves 
 lyrate and toothed ; upper leaves narrow, toothed, but sometimes 
 entire. Flowers yellow, sometimes reddish, or white, with lilac 
 streaks. Pods 'cylindrical, with a long beak. Torquay, etc., 
 common. (E. B. t. 856.) A. yi. vn. 
 
 2. R. maritimus (sea Radish.) By the seacoast. Rare. 
 Probably merely a seaside variety of the former ; growing some- 
 times as high as 3 or 4 feet. Differs from the last in its irregu- 
 larly lyrate leaves and larger flowers and seed-pods. Various 
 places around the Bay. (E. B. t. 1643.) A. or B. vi.-vm. 
 
 OKD. VII. RESEDACEJE. 
 RESEDA. DYER'S-ROCKET, MIGNONETTE. 
 
 R. Luteola (common D. y Yellow-weed or Weld) In waste 
 grounds and stony pastures. An erect plant, with a hardy stiff 
 stem, not much branched, about 2 feet high, smooth. Leaves 
 long and lance-shaped, slightly waved at the edges. Stems bear- 
 ing long stiff racemes of numerous yellowish-green flowers, with 
 prominent stamens. \Varberry Hill. Fields between Meadfoot 
 and Hope's Nose. Mary church. (E. B. t. 320.) A. YI.-VIII. 
 
 OED. VIII. CISTACE^S. 
 HELXANTHEIYIUM. ROCK-ROSE. 
 1. H. vulgare (common R.) In dry meadows and stony 
 
16 THALAMlFLOE^l. 
 
 thickets. A low, much branched, spreading, shrub-like plant, 
 with a woody stem giving off many ascending flowering branches. 
 Leaves opposite, oblong, green on their upper, but hoary on their 
 under surfaces. Flowers terminal in a raceme of from 6 to 8, 
 bright yellow, with broadly-spreading petals. Kingskerswell. 
 Bradley Wood, near Newton, among rocks, Cistus Helianihe- 
 mum, Linn. (E. B. t. 1321.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 2. H. polifolium (white JR.) On rocky wastes in limestone 
 districts. Very rare and local. Somewhat like the last, but 
 smaller, less straggling and with smaller leaves, which are hoary 
 on both sides. Flowers large and white. Rocks about Daddy- 
 hole Plain, Torquay. Babbicombe Down, on the cliffs near the 
 sea. Cistus, Linn. (E. B. t. 1322.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 OED. IX. 
 
 VIOLA. YIOLET. 
 
 1. V. palustris (Marsh V.) In bogs and marshy places. 
 Stock sending out runners ; plant usually smooth, with heart- 
 shaped or kidney-shaped leaves, slightly puckered at the edges. 
 Flowers of a pale, delicate blue, streaked with purple, scentless. 
 Bovey Heath. Bogs about Dartmoor. (E. B. t. 444.) P. iv.-vi. 
 
 2. V. hirta (hairy V.} In woods and pastures, chiefly in 
 limestone districts. Without creeping scions. Leaves heart- 
 shaped, on long stalks, both hairy. Flowers scentless, of a dull 
 blue colour. Hope's Nose. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 894.) P. IV. v. 
 
 3. V. odorata (sweet V.} On hedge-banks, in woods and 
 pastures. Stock sending off creeping runners. Leaves coming 
 in a bunch from the crown of the root, heart-shaped and stalked, 
 generally smooth, or slightly downy. Flower-stalks rather longer 
 than those of the leaves, flowers nodding, reddish-purple, or white, 
 very sweet-scented. Cockington lanes. Chelston. Ilsham. (E. 
 B. t. 619.) P. m. iv. 
 
 4. V. canina (Gerard's, or Dog V.) On banks, in woods and 
 dry pastures. Radical leaves tufted, and flowering branches at 
 first short, but the lateral flowering branches become afterwards 
 much lengthened, rising up from a few inches to sometimes a foot 
 high. Leaves broadly heart-shaped, pointed at the ends ; stipules 
 on the flower-stalks narrow lance-shaped and pointed. Flowers 
 often very numerous and large in proportion to the size of the 
 plant, varying in colour from purple to blue, and frequently white, 
 always scentless. Common in fields, wood and pastures around 
 Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 620, & E. B. S. t. 2736.) P. iv. v. 
 
THALAMIFLOR.E. 17 
 
 5. V. puxnila (Dillenius's Violet.) Boggy heaths, and in 
 sandy places. Plant more upright than in the other species. 
 Leaves longer and much narrower. Flowers either pale blue or 
 yellowish. Buckland. Bovey Heath. V. Lactea, Sm. (E. B. t. 
 445.) P. IY. v. 
 
 6. V. tricolor (Pansy, or Hearts-ease.) On banks, hilly 
 pastures and cultivated fields. A strong branching plant, with 
 stalked leaves either oval or heart- shaped, but always obtuse ; 
 stipules broad and divided into several segments. This plant is 
 however extremely variable in all its parts. Flowers sometimes 
 purple, or yellow, or cream-coloured, sometimes variegated with 
 all three colours. Common on the hilly ground around Torquay, 
 as is also the variety /3 of Hooker and Arnott. (E. B. 1. 1287.) A. 
 
 ORD. X. DEOSERACE^:. 
 DROSERA. SUNDEW. 
 
 1. D. rotundifolia (round-leaved Sundew.) In bogs and 
 moist heaths, plentiful. Leaves all radical, on long stalks, round, 
 and covered on the upper surface with red sticky hairs, each 
 having a little gland on the top. Flower-stalks slender, rising 
 from amidst the tuft of leaves, and bearing either one or two 
 clusters of pretty little white flowers. Leaves of this, as of all the 
 species of Sundews, more or less covered with small insects, which 
 are entrapped by the viscid juice secreted by the glands of the 
 hairs. Forde bog, near Newton. Bovey Heath. A boggy patch 
 of turf near the road at Spitchwick. Boggy grounds about Ivy- 
 bridge and Chagford. (E. B. t. 867.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 2. X>. longi folia (spathulate-leaved S.) In similar situa- 
 tions to the last, from which it is distinguished by its leaves being 
 upright, much longer than they are broad, and being tapered 
 into the leafstalk. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t, 868.) D. intermedia, 
 Bab. P. vn. vin. 
 
 OED. XI. POLYGALACEJE. 
 POIiVGAIiA. MILKWORT. 
 
 P. vulgaris (common MilJcwort.) Hilly and dry pastures, 
 common. Stem herbaceous, procumbent, giving off several either 
 procumbent or ascending branches, bearing scattered linear or 
 oblong leaves ; branches from 3 or 4 to 8 inches long. Flowers 
 
 C 
 
18 THALAMIFLOR.E. 
 
 either blue, purple, pink, or white, the corolla beautifully crested. 
 Daddy-hole Plain, and many places about Torquay and Mary- 
 church. (E. B. t. 76.) P. v.-ix. 
 
 OED. XII. FEANKENIACEJE, 
 
 OED. XIII. ELATINACEJE. 
 
 OED. XIV. CARYOPHYLLACEJE. 
 STJBOED. I. SILENE^E. 
 DIANTHUS. PINK. 
 
 D. Armeria (Deptford Pink.) In pastures and on hedge- 
 banks. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, erect and branching, downy. 
 Leaves linear and slightly hairy. Flowers clustered, rose-coloured, 
 with white dots. Ilsham. IJpton Lane, near Torquay. Near 
 Newton, on the Ashburton road. (E. B. t. 317.) A. vil. Vlli. 
 
 SAPQNAKZA. SOAPWORT. 
 
 S. officinalis (common S.) By roadsides, in borders of woods 
 and on hedge-banks. Plant from 1 to 3 feet high, stout and 
 leafy. Leaves broadly lanceolate, opposite. Flowers handsome, 
 of a beautiful rose-colour, in a large terminal cluster. Shaldon. 
 Banks of the Teign, at Teignbridge. (E. B. t. 1060.) P. vui. 
 
 SIL3CNE. CATCHFLY. 
 
 1. S. inflata (bladder Campion.) By roadsides, in fields, 
 and on banks. Stem erect, from 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves some- 
 what oval, lanceolate. Flowers numerous, drooping, in a termi- 
 nal panicle, white, the petals deeply cloven ; calyx inflated, nearly 
 globular and very much veined. Warberry Hill. Park Hill 
 wood. Meadfoot; and common in fields and waysides. (E. B. t. 
 164.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 maritima (sea Campion or CatcJifly.) Rocky banks 
 
THALAMIFLOEJE. 19 
 
 by the seashore. A much smaller plant, with shorter stems and 
 blunter and more fleshy leaves than the last. Flowers larger. 
 Meadfoot Cliffs, abundant. (E. B. t, 957.) P. vi.-vin. 
 
 3. S. Anglica (English C.) Sandy and gravelly soils. Plant 
 from 6 inches to a foot high, much branched, slightly viscid. 
 Leaves lanceolate. Flowers single, from the axils of the leaves, 
 white, or tinged with red. Kingsteignton. Dawlish. Lustleigh. 
 (E. B. t. 1178.) A. vi.-x. 
 
 LYCHNIS. CAMPION, LYCHNIS. 
 
 1. !. Flos-cuculi (meadow L., or Ragged Robin.) In moist 
 meadows and pastures. Growing from 1 to 2 feet high. Stem 
 hairy below, clammy above. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers bright 
 rose-colour. Calyx and flower-stalks reddish -purple ; petals di- 
 vided into four segments. Road to Ansti's Cove. Ansti's Cove. 
 Hedge-banks on the side of the Newton road, near Kingskerswell. 
 (E. B. t. 573.) P. v. vi. 
 
 2. L. vespertina (white Campion.) Under hedges and in 
 bushy places. rom 1 to 2 feet high, rather hairy. Leaves ovate- 
 lanceolate. Flowers white, sweet-smelling in the evening. Calyx 
 of the fruitful flowers much more swollen than in the barren ones. 
 Meadfoot Cliffs, and formerly on the Waldon Hill. Meadow be- 
 tween Milber down and the Newton road. (E. B. t. 1580.) B. 
 or P. vi.-ix. 
 
 3. Ii. diurna (red C.) Woods and damp hedge-banks, com- 
 mon. Somewhat like the last. Leaves more ovate. Flowers 
 rose-coloured, very rarely white. Torre Abbey fields. Banks and 
 hedges in all the lanes, etc. (E. B, t. 1579.) L. dioica. Linn. 
 P. vi.-ix. 
 
 AGROSTEMMA. COCKLE 
 
 A. Githago (corn Cockle.) In cornfields, very abundant. 
 Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, sometimes slightly branched, covered 
 with long, soft, whitish hairs. Leaves narrow-lanceolate. Flowers 
 large, bright reddish-purple, on long stalks ; divisions of the 
 calyx exceedingly long, projecting in long points beyond the petals. 
 Cornfields everywhere. (E. B. t. 741.) Lychnis Githago, Bab. 
 A. vi.-vili. 
 
 SUBOED. II. ALSINEJ3. 
 SAGINA. PEAKLWOET. 
 1. S. procumbens (annual small-floivered P.) In waste 
 
20 THALAMIFLOEJB. 
 
 places, and dry stony pastures, very common. A diminutive 
 plant, with many decumbent branches j seldom more than 2 
 inches high. Leaves nearly linear. Flowers small and white. 
 Abundant about Torquay and its neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 880.) 
 P. v. ix. 
 
 2. S. apetala (annual small-flowered P.) In dry gravelly 
 places and on walls. More slender than the last, less branched 
 and with narrower leaves ; petals of the flowers very small or 
 wanting. Torquay, etc., abundant. (E. B. t. 881.) P. v.-ix. 
 
 3. S. nodosa (knotted P., or Spurrey.) In wet, sandy, or 
 marshy places. Plant from 2 to 3 inches high, with many de- 
 cumbent stems. Lower leaves long and sheathing ; stem-leaves 
 shorter, with little tufts of young leaves in their axils. Flowers 
 on short stalks, white, and large in comparison with the size of the 
 plant. Bovey Heath. Gridleigh, near Chagford. Spergula^ Linn. 
 (E. B. t. 694.) P. vn. vni. 
 
 4. S. subulata (awl-shaped P., or Spurrey). Gravelly and 
 stony pastures. Plant small, decumbent at the base, branched, 
 with long solitary flower-stalks. Leaves much like those of S. 
 procumbens, but longer. Flowers white. Forde, near Newton. 
 Haldon. (Spergula, E. B. t. 1082.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 ARENARIA. SANDWORT. 
 
 1. A. serpyllifolia (Thyme-leaved S.) On walls, dry banks, 
 and waste places. From 3 to 6 inches high, very much branched, 
 slender and slightly downy. Leaves sessile, very small, acutely 
 ovate. Flower-stalks slender, arising from the forks of the stem. 
 Flowers small and white. Park Hill, Torquay. (E. B. t. 923.) 
 A. vi.-vm. 
 
 2. A. trinervis (three-nerved S.) In moist places and shady 
 woods. Plant from 4 or 5 inches to a foot long, tender and much 
 branched, hairy. Leaves oval, with acute ends, stalked, light 
 green, and with 3 distinct nerves. Flowers solitary, white. Wood 
 near Shiphay. Moehringia, Bab. (E. B. t. 1483.) A. v. vi. 
 
 STBLLARIA. STITCHWORT. 
 
 1. S. media (common ChicJcweed or S.) In waste places and 
 by roadsides. Stem weak, very variable as to size, much branched, 
 and without hairs, with the exception of an alternate hairy line. 
 
THALAMIFLOKJE. 21 
 
 Leaves small, bright green, ovate and pointed, stalked ; the upper- 
 most leaves sessile and narrower. Flowers small and white. Seed- 
 vessels oblong. Common everywhere. (E. B. t. 537.) A. ni.-ix. 
 
 2. S. holostea (greater S.) Sides of hedges, woods, and 
 bushy places, common. A straggling plant, with weak stems, from 
 1 to 2 feet high, not hairy ; leaves sessile, very long and lanceolate. 
 Flowers in a forked panicle, very large and white. Lanes about 
 Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 511.) P. iv.-vi. 
 
 3. S. g-lauca (glaucous marsh S.) In wet and marshy places. 
 From 12 to 18 inches high ; stem branched, smooth, of a bluish- 
 green colour. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile. Flowers solitary, 
 white, not quite so large as those of S. holostea, and with nar- 
 rower segments to the calyx. Moist meadows near Torre Abbey. 
 (E. B. t, 825.) P. V.-TII. 
 
 4. S. graminea (lesser S.) In dry pastures, meadows, and 
 by sides of hedges, frequent. Stems about a foot long, quadran- 
 gular, more slender than the two last. Leaves sessile, linear-Ian' 
 ceolate, pointed. Flowers in loose clusters, small and white ; divi- 
 sions of the cal-yx 3-ribbed ; stamens crowned with red anthers. 
 Hope's Nose. (E. B. t. 803.) P. v.-vm. 
 
 5. S. uliginosa (bog S.) In marshes, wet ditches, and by 
 the side of rivulets, frequent. Very variable as to size, from 4 
 inches to 1 foot ; a w r eak and slender plant, with oblong-lanceo- 
 late leaves having a callous tip. Flowers in irregular panicles, 
 small and white ; petals very minute. Groodrington. Berry Po- 
 meroy. (E. B. t. 1074.) A. v. vi. 
 
 MCENCHIA. MCENCHIA. 
 
 M. erecta (upright M.) In gravelly and stony pastures. A 
 small plant, from 2 to 5 inches high. Boot-leaves stalked, and 
 inclining to spathulate, upper leaves linear-lanceolate, opposite, 
 sharp and stiff. Flowers rather large, few, and white. Meadfoot 
 Cliffs. Bovey. Sagina, Linn. (E. B. t. 609.) A. V. Ti. 
 
 CERASTIUIVT. MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED. 
 
 1. C. vulgatum (broad-leaved M.) In waste or cultivated 
 places, woods and pastures, by roadsides and under hedges. Plant 
 hairy, varying in size from 2 or 3 inches to a foot in height. Stem 
 branching below, each branch again dividing into 2 above. Root- 
 leaves very small and stalked j upper leaves sessile, ovate, pointed 
 
22 THALAMIFLOBJE. 
 
 at the ends. Flowers white and small, petals bifid. Common in 
 fields, etc. C. glomeratum, Bab. (E. B, t. 789.) A. iv.-ix. 
 
 2. C. viscosum (narrow-leaved M.) Fields, waste grounds, 
 and on the tops of walls. A larger, coarser, and more spreading 
 plant than the last. Leaves longer and narrower ; flowers larger, 
 and gathered together in close clusters, or in a loose forked pani- 
 cle. Frequent about Torquay. (E. B. t. 790.) A. iv,-ix. 
 
 3. C. semidecandrum (little M.) In dry places and on wall- 
 tops. Plant from 2 to 6 inches high, downy ; leaves broadly 
 ovate, sessile ; stem branching at the top into a panicle bearing 
 niany small white flowers. Meadfoot Cliffs. Marychurch, Paign- 
 ton. (E. B. t. 1630.) A. iv. v. 
 
 4. C. pumilum. A very viscid variety, classed by Bentham 
 with the last. Daddyhole Plain, on the slope opposite Yilla 
 Syracusa. 
 
 MALACHIUM. MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED, 
 WATER STARWORT. 
 
 M. aquaticum (water M. orS.) Banks of rivers and ditches. 
 Plant from 1 to 3 feet high, branched arid straggling, covered 
 with glandular hairs ; leaves large, oval heart-shaped, sessile ; the 
 root-leaves stalked. Flowers coming from the forks in the stem, 
 white. The plant has much the appearance of a Stellaria. In a 
 ditch by the side of a lane leading to Forde bog from the Newton 
 road. Banks of the Dart, near Totness. Banks of the Teign and 
 Exe. Cerastium, Linn. (E. B. t. 538.) P. vii. Vlll. 
 
 OKD. XY. LINAGES 
 FLAX. 
 
 1, Ii. iisitatissixnum (common F.) Found sometimes in corn- 
 fields. An elegant- looking plant, from 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves 
 distant and alternate, lanceolate; flowers large, of a beautiful pur- 
 plish blue, in an imperfect corymb. Exmouth. (E. B. t. 1357.) 
 A. vii. 
 
 2. L. angustifolium (narrow-leaved pale F.) Sandy and 
 chalky pastures, usually near the sea. From 1 to 2 feet high, 
 irregularly branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers pale blue. 
 Park Hill. Daddyhole Plain. Babbicombe down* (E. B. t. 381.) 
 P. vii. 
 
THALAMIFLOEJE. 23 
 
 3. It. catharticum (purging R) Pastures, etc., very frequent. 
 Plant from 2 to 8 inches high ; stem branching above. Lower 
 leaves opposite and oblong ; upper leaves lanceolate. Flowers 
 small arid white, in forked, spreading panicles. Park Hill. Dad- 
 dyhole Plain. (E. B. t. 382.) A. VI.-YIII. 
 
 RADIOLA. FLAX-SEED. 
 
 R. Millegr ana (Thyme-leaved F., or A ll-seed.) Moist heaths 
 and boggy soils. A very diminutive plant, from 1 to 2 inches 
 high ; stems repeatedly forked ; leaves ovate, distant from each 
 other. Flowers mostly terminal and solitary, on short stalks, but 
 some growing also from the axils of the branches. Bovey Heath. 
 Haldon. (Linum Radiola, Linn. E. B. t. 983.) A. vn. viu. 
 
 OED. XVI. MALVACE.E. 
 
 LAVATERA. TEEE MALLOW. 
 
 Li. arborea (sea Tree Mallow?) On insulated sea-rocks in 
 the south and south-west of England. Plant with a somewhat 
 woody stem, varying in height from 3 to 8 feet, branching ; leaves 
 downy, divided into seven shallow crenated segments, alternate ; 
 flowers large, of a shining purplish rose-colour, with dark purple 
 streaks at the base of the petals. Orestone and Thatcher rocks, 
 off Torquay. (E. B. t. 1841.) B. vn.-ix. 
 
 MALVA. MALLOW. 
 
 1. M. sylvestris (common Malloiv.) Waysides and waste 
 grounds, very frequent. Plant growing to 2, 3, or 4 feet high ; 
 stem erect. Leaves divided into from 5 to 7 deep lobes, with 
 acute angles. Flowers axillary, in bunches of 3 or 4, deep rose- 
 coloured, with purplish veins. Roadsides and lanes in the vici- 
 nity. (E. B. t. 671.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 2. M. rotundifolia (dwarf M.} Similar localities to the pre- 
 ceding. Stem branching only from the root, decumbent, 8 or 10 
 inches long ; leaves roundish heart-shaped, with from 5 to 7 shal- 
 low lobes ; flowers small, rose-purple. Road to Ansti's Cove. 
 Babbicombe road, etc. (E. B. t. 1092.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 3. M. moschata (musk M.) In pastures and by roadsides. 
 A much more delicate-looking plant than the two last ; from 2 to 
 3 feet high ; the leaves much divided into almost linear segments ; 
 
24 THALAMIFLOK^;. 
 
 flowers crowded closely together at the extremities of the branches, 
 large, and of a beautiful rose-colour. Aller. Newton road, just 
 beyond Kingskerswell. Bovey Heath. Gridleigh, near Chagford. 
 (E. B. t. 754.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 OED. XVII. 
 
 TILIA. LIME. 
 
 T. europsea (common L., or Linden-tree.'} In woods over 
 nearly the whole of Europe. A handsome, long-lived tree, grow- 
 ing sometimes as high as 120 feet, but usually not more than half 
 that height. It bears sweet-scented flowers of a pale whitish 
 green. It is said that Linnseus derived his own name from the 
 Swedish Lin, our Lime or Linden-tree. Black Head, beyond 
 Hope's Nose, apparently wild. Torre Abbey. Cockington, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 610.) T. vn. 
 
 ORD. XVIII. HYPERICACEJE. 
 HYPERICUIM. ST. JOHN'S-WORT. 
 
 1. H. Androssemum (Tutsan?) In bushy places and open 
 woods. A shrubby-looking plant ; leaves large, ovate, nearly ses- 
 sile, and opposite. Flowers bright yellow, in a terminal cyme. 
 Hope's Nose. Ansti's Cove, and formerly on the Waldon Hill. 
 (E. B. t. 1225.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 2. H. perforatum (common perforated St. J.) In woods, 
 hedges, and thickets, by roadsides, etc., frequent. Plant from 12 
 to 18 inches high, branching at the upper part ; leaves oblong, 
 sessile, marked with numerous pellucid dots ; flowers in a showy 
 terminal corymb, bright yellow, marked with little black dots. 
 Waldon Hill. Park Hill. Ansti's Cove, etc. (E. B. t. 295.) 
 P. vn.-ix. 
 
 3. H. dubium (imperf orate St. J.) Similar situations to the 
 last, attached especially to hilly districts. Somewhat like H. per- 
 foratum, but more leafy and with a slightly quadrangular stem. 
 
 Leaves larger and broader with fewer clear dots, but with some 
 black ones on their under sides. Berry Pomeroy woods. Many 
 parts of Dartmoor. (E. B. t. 296.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 4. H. quadrangulum (square-stalked St. J.) In moist pas- 
 tures, by hedges, ditches, and rivulets. Readily distinguished 
 from the two foregoing by its square stem with 4 well-marked 
 angles. Leaves clasping, opposite and ovate, flowering stems 
 
THALAMIFLOEJE. 25 
 
 arising from the axils ; flowers small, yellow, not so showy as the 
 last. Torquay. Mary church. Cockington lanes. Ilsham. Paign- 
 ton. Bradley Woods. (E. B. t. 370.) P. vn. 
 
 5. H . humifusum (trailing St. J.) In stony heaths, and 
 boggy pastures, woods, and thickets. A low, decumbent, very 
 much branched, trailing plant, with small oblong leaves, and not 
 very numerous pale-yellow flowers. Park Hill wood. Meaclfoot. 
 Marychurch. Moss-grown blocks of rock on the banks of the 
 Erme, Ivybridge. (E. B. t. 1226.) P. YII. 
 
 6. H. linariifolium (linear-leaved St. J.) On hilly wastes 
 and in rocky situations. Resembling H. humifusum, but more 
 upright in its growth and with much narrower leaves. Flowers 
 in terminal corymbs, larger and of a brighter yellow. Banks of 
 the Teign. Belmont, near Exeter (Miss Snow). Between Sandy 
 Park and Tingle Bridge (Gk W. Warren). (E. B. S. t. 2851.) P. 
 
 VII. VIII. 
 
 7. H. pulchVum (small upright St. J.} Dry woods, open 
 heaths, and waysides, frequent. Plant upright, with a slender 
 but stiff stem, from 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves of the principal stem 
 somewhat heart-shaped, clasping ; those of the branches much 
 smaller and narrower. Flowers in loose clusters, bright yellow ; 
 the buds before opening tipped with vivid red. Very common 
 about the neighbourhood of Torquay. (E. B. 1. 1227.) P. VI. vn. 
 
 8. H. hirsutum (hairy St. J.) In copses and woods, frequent. 
 Plant about 2 feet high, with a downy or hairy stem ; leaves large, 
 rather downy beneath, oblong, slightly stalked, and marked with 
 numerous pellucid dots. Flowers yellow, but much paler than 
 the last. Park Hill. Meadfoot Cliffs. Bradley Woods. Copse 
 by the brook at Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 1156.) P. vn. vin. 
 
 9. H. montanum (mountain St. J.) In woods and bushy 
 places in hilly districts, not so frequent as the other species. 
 About 2 feet high ; stem stiff and upright, not branched. Lower 
 leaves large, of a pointed oval shape, clasping the stem, opposite ; 
 upper leaves smaller, without shining dots, but having a row of 
 black ones round their under margins. Flowers yellow, in a dense 
 terminal cluster. Ansti's Cove. Babbicombe Down. Milber 
 Down. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 371.) P. vn. vin. 
 
 10. H. Elodes (marsh St. J.) In marshy and boggy places. 
 Stems creeping and spreading, from 6 to 8 or 10 inches long; 
 leaves roundish, opposite, clasping the stem ; whole plant covered 
 with loose, woolly, whitish hairs. Flowers yeUow, in a loose ter- 
 minal cluster. Osier-beds at Paignton. Forde bog, near Newton. 
 Bovey Heath. In boggy places near Ivybridge. Chagford. Bogs 
 about Dartmoor. (E. B. t. 109.) P. vn. vni. 
 
26 THALAMIFLOEJB. 
 
 OED. XIX. ACEBACE.E. 
 
 ACBR. MAPLE. 
 
 1. A. Pseudoplatanus (greater M., or Sycamore.) Abun- 
 dant in the south of England, in plantations and hedges. A 
 large and handsome tree ; leaves 5-lobed and unequally serrate ; 
 flowers in loose, hanging racemes. The wood is much used by 
 turners for making bowls and trenchers. Common about Tor- 
 quay. Berry Pomeroy woods, etc. (E. B. t. 303.) T. v. VI. 
 
 2. A. campestre (common M.) In woods and thickets. A 
 not very tall tree, with corky, fissured bark, and dense dark green 
 foliage ; leaves 5-lobed, segments entire, or sometimes slightly cut. 
 Flowers few, on slender stalks, in loose upright corymbs. The 
 wood of this tree is often beautifully veined, and is then much 
 prized. Hedges about Torquay. Cockington. Shiphay. Berry 
 Pomeroy. (E. B. t. 304.) T. v. VI. 
 
 OED. XX. GERANIACEJE. 
 GERANIUM. CRANE'S-BILL. 
 
 1. G. lucidum (shining Crane's-bill.) In stony and waste 
 grounds, on old walls, etc. Stems spreading ; leaves 5-lobed and 
 roundish, lobes 3 times cut ; both leaves and stem shining ; the 
 root-leaves kidney- shaped, often of a bright red. Flowers small 
 and rose-coloured. Common in lanes and on hedge-banks. (E. 
 B. t. 75.) A. v.-vin. 
 
 2. G. Robertianum (stinldng (7., or Herb -Robert.) In 
 thickets, woods, waste ground, and by waysides, very common. 
 An upright or spreading, much-branched plant, from 6 to 12 or 
 14 inches high, slightly hairy. Leaves divided into three pinnate 
 segments. Flowers small, reddish-purple, sometimes white. The 
 whole plant emits a disagreeable smell when rubbed. Common 
 everywhere. A small variety, the G. purpureum of Mill, grows 
 on the Rock Walk and cliffs beyond Meadfoot. (E. B. t. I486.) 
 A. Y.-IX. 
 
 3. G. molle (dove's-foot C.) In dry pastures and waste 
 grounds, common. A spreading, weak-looking plant, usually co- 
 vered with long, soft hairs. Root-leaves numerous, on long stalks, 
 roundish, divided into from 7 to 11 lobes, which are again cut 
 into 3 or 5 segments ; upper leaves smaller and with fewer divi- 
 sions. Flowers in twos, on short stalks, small, pinkish-purple. 
 
THALAMIFLOR^l. 27 
 
 Lanes, fields, and hedge-banks, abundant. (E. B. t. 778.) A. 
 
 IV.-VIII. 
 
 4. G. rotundifolium (round-leaved 0.) Pastures and waste 
 places, not so common as the preceding. Somewhat like the last 
 in appearance, but stouter ; leaves not so much divided, and with 
 broader lobes. Flowers smaller and on shorter stalks, petals en- 
 tire, flesh-coloured. Meadfoot Cliffs. Dartmouth, near the Castle. 
 (E. B. t. 157.) A. v. vi. 
 
 5. G. pusillum (small-flowered C.) By sides of hedges and 
 in waste ground. Stem weak ; leaves rounded or reniform, with 
 from 5 to 7 deep 3-cut lobes. Flowers very small, bluish-purple ; 
 petals notched. Ansti's Cove Lane. Babbicombe. (E. B. t. 385.) 
 A. VL-IX. 
 
 6. G. dissectum (jagged-leaved C.) In dry pastures, waste 
 and cultivated places : characterized by the very much divided 
 leaves, which are composed of from 5 to 7 or 9 narrow segments ; 
 the footstalks of the flowers are also very short, and bear two 
 small purple flowers. Very common. (E. B. t. 753.) A. V.-YIII. 
 
 7. G. columbinum (long -stalked C.) In dry pastures, on 
 banks, and in waste places. A slender, decumbent plant ; leaves 
 deeply divided, with segments still narrower than in G. dissectum. 
 Flowers small, rose-coloured, on long, slender stalks ; stem in this, 
 as well as in the last, furnished with reflexed hairs. Very frequent 
 about the neighbourhood of Torquay. (E. B. t. 259.) A. vi, vii. 
 
 ERODIUM. STOKK'S-BILL. 
 
 1. E. cicutarium (Hemlock Stork's-bilL) In waste and cul- 
 tivated land, and stony pastures near the sea. Whole plant hairy; 
 stems generally short, but at times attaining as much as 6 or 9 
 inches in length ; nearly all the leaves radical, on long stalks, pin' 
 nate, with deeply divided segments. Flower-stalk long, surmount- 
 ed by an umbel of from 2 or 3 to 12 small purplish or pink flowers. 
 Cliff Walk at Meadfoot. Side of the rocky bank on the right of 
 the pathway leading to Ansti's Cove. (E. B. 1. 1768.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 2. B. moschatum (musky S.) In sandy waste places and 
 heaths, in the neighbourhood of the sea. Larger and much coarser 
 than the last ; often as much as a foot long. Leaves pinnate, with 
 sessile leaflets, deeply toothed. Flowers rather large, and numer- 
 ous in the umbel, bluish-purple. Whole plant yields a strong 
 musky smell. Paignton green. Teignmouth. Dawlish. (E. B. t. 
 902.) A. YI. vii. 
 
 3. E. maritimum (sea S.) Sandy seacoasts, rather rare. 
 
28 CALYCLFLOE^. 
 
 A small, softly hairy plant, distinguished from the other two by 
 its leaves, which are ovate heart-shaped, crenated and stalked. 
 Flower-stalks bearing one or two small reddish-purple flowers ; 
 boak of the seed much shorter than in E. moschatum. Paignton 
 sands. Teignmouth. (E. B. t. 646.) P. V.-ix. 
 
 OED. XXI. BALSAMINACEJE, 
 
 OED. XXIT. OXALIDACE^l, 
 OXALIS. WOOD-SORREL. 
 
 1. O. Acetosella (common W.) Tn woods and shady places, 
 frequent. A delicate and beautiful little plant. Leaves all grow- 
 ing from the root on long stalks, with 3 inversely heart-shaped 
 leaflets. Flower-stalks also radical, bearing a single, rather large, 
 white flower with purplish streaks. The leaves have a slightly 
 acid taste. The original of the Irish Shamrock, though now re- 
 placed by the far less beautiful Dutch Clover. Cockington lanes. 
 Berry Pomeroy woods. Woods about Gidleigh, near Chagford. 
 Copses on the banks of the Erme, near Ivybridge. (E. B. t. 762.) 
 
 P. Y. 
 
 2. O. corniculata (yellow procumbent W.) Tn shady waste 
 grounds. Stem spreading, with decumbent branches ; leaves of 
 3 inversely heart-shaped leaflets. Flower-stalks axillary, slender, 
 carrying an umbel of from 2 to 5 small pale-yellow flowers. 
 Teignmouth. Exmouth Warren. (E. B. t. 1726.) A. vi-ix. 
 
 OED. XXIII. STAPHYLEACEJE, 
 
 SUB-CLASS II. CALYCIFLOR^S (OED. XXIV.-XLIX.) 
 OED. XXIV. CELASTRACEJE. 
 EUONYMUS. SPINDLE-TREE. 
 
 E. Europseus (common S.) In woods and hedges. A shrub, 
 standing from 3 to 6 feet high, with green and smooth bark, and 
 four-angled branches. Leaves somewhat oval and lanceolate, finely 
 
CALYCIFLOE^;. 29 
 
 serrated, not hairy ; flowers small and white, in a few-flowered 
 umbel ; fruit square, with blunt angles, of a beautiful rose-colour. 
 The wood is used for making skewers and spigots. Waldon 
 Hill. Bushy places about Ansti's Cove. Marychurch. Chud- 
 leigh. (E. B. t. 362.) Sh. v. TI. 
 
 OED. XXY. KHAMNACEJE. 
 
 RHAMNUS. BUCKTHOKN. 
 
 R. Frangula (Alder Buckthorn.) In woods and thickets 
 more frequent in England than R. catharticus. A small shrub ; 
 branches without spines ; leaves elliptical, narrower towards the 
 stalk ; flowers in small clusters, greenish- white, petals very small ; 
 berries dark purple, about the size of a small pea, containing 2 
 seeds. Sandy Park, near Chagford. Kingsteignton. Heywood, 
 near Exmouth (Rev. J. Jervis) ; Exwick wood (Mr. Jacob) ; Wid- 
 decomb-in-the-Moor, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 250.) Sh. v. VI. 
 
 OED. KXVI. LEGUMINOS^. 
 
 TEIBE I. GENISTE^E. 
 
 ULEX. EURZE. 
 
 1. U. Europeans (common F., Whin, or Gorse.) On heaths, 
 and sandy or stony wastes, in England, Ireland, and the southern 
 parts of Scotland. A strong, hardy shrub, from 3 to 6 feet high, 
 with close-set, spreading branches, armed with sharp, branching 
 spines ; young leaves shaggy. Elowers bright yellow, rising from 
 the primary and secondary spines ; calyx coarsely hairy. In De- 
 vonshire this plant continues flowering during the whole year. 
 Very abundant. Warberry Hill. Meadfoot Clifls, etc. (E. B. t. 
 742.) Sh. i.-xn. 
 
 2. XJ. nanus (dwarf F.) On dry heaths, in many places in 
 England, More strictly western than U. Europeans. It is much 
 smaller than the last in all its parts. Stem procumbent ; calyx 
 covered with a fine down ; flowers not more than half the size of 
 U. Europeans. The spines short and spreading, branched at their 
 base only. Thought by some botanists to be merely a variety ; 
 but its characteristics are so constant, that it certainly seems en- 
 titled to be considered as a distinct species. Bovey Tracey, and 
 on exposed downs in many parts. (E. B. t. 743.) Sh. vn.-xi. 
 
30 CALICYFLOKJE. 
 
 GENISTA. GEEEN-WEED. 
 
 G. Anglica (needle (?., or Petty -whin.) In wet heaths and 
 moory ground. A small, loosely -branched, spreading plant, scarcely 
 a foot high, with ovate-lanceolate leaves, and bearing simple spines ; 
 flowering branches spineless ; flowers yellow, in short axillary 
 racemes, accompanied by leaf- like bracts ; pods about half an inch 
 long, broad and swelling. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 132.) Sh. 
 
 SAROTHAMNUS. BEOOM. 
 
 S. scoparius (common Broom.) On high hilly wastes and 
 bushy places. Plant from 2 or 3 to 6 feet high, with numerous 
 long, upright, wiry branches, which are green and prominently 
 angled. Leaves ternate, stalked ; leaflets obovate ; upper leaves 
 simple and sessile. Flowers large, golden-yellow, single or in 
 pairs, borne on slender stalks in the axils of the old leaves. Pod 
 hairy at the sides, many-seeded. Cliffs at Meadfoot. Walks at 
 Ilsham. Downs above the Teign, near Whyddon Park. (Spar- 
 tium, E. B. t. 1339.) Sh. v. vi. 
 
 ONONIS. EEST-HAEEOW. 
 
 O. arvensis (common Rest-harrow.) In barren pastures, ill- 
 cultivated lands, and borders of fields ; very variable in its ap- 
 pearance, sometimes erect, but usually procumbent and rooting ; 
 stem generally clothed with soft hairs, and having a sticky feel 
 to the touch, sometimes spinous. Leaves oval or oblong, some- 
 what serrate: lower leaves ternate. Flowers on short stalks, 
 solitary, sometimes white, but generally rose-coloured, pod 2- or 3- 
 seeded. Very frequent. Fields on the Warberry Hill. Walks above 
 Meadfoot. Paignton Green, etc. O. campestris, Bab. (E. B. t. 
 682.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 ANTHYLLIS. KIDNEY-VETCH. 
 
 A. Vulneraria (common It., or Ladies* -fingers) In dry pas- 
 tures, and rocky or stony places in hilly districts. Stems spreading 
 or ascending from 3 or 4 inches to a foot long. Leaves pinnate, 
 with from 5 to 9 lanceolate, hairy leaflets, the terminal one the 
 
CALTCIFLOR^l. 31 
 
 longest. Flower-heads in pairs at the ends of the branches, with 
 large palmated bracts ; flowers small, and varying in colour from 
 yellow to deep red, calyx hairy ; pod from 1- to 3-seeded. Mead- 
 foot Cliffs. Daddyhole Plain. Petit Tor. Watcombe. (E. B. t. 
 104.) P. vi.-vni. 
 
 TRIBE II. TRIFOLIE&. 
 MEDICAGO. MEDICK. 
 
 1. M. lupulina (black Medici;, or Nonsuch.) In waste places 
 and pastures, abundant. Stems spreading, from 1 to 2 feet long, 
 more or less hairy ; leaflets obovate ; flower-stalks long ; flowers 
 small, numerous, yellow, in dense oval spikes. Pods small, kidney- 
 shaped, turning black when ripe, scarcely spiral, 1-seeded. Mead- 
 foot. Ilsham. (E. B. t. 971.) A. v.-vm. 
 
 2. 3MI. maculata (spotted M.) In cultivated and waste places. 
 Yery much, in habit, like the last, but having obcordate leaflets 
 marked in their centre with a purple spot. Flower-stalks from 
 1- to 4-flowered ; pods compressed, and making 2 or 3 spiral turns, 
 armed with 2 rows of spreading, curved prickles. Banks at Mead- 
 foot. Ilsham. Hope's Rose. (M. polymorpha, E. B. t. 1616.) 
 A. v.-vm. 
 
 3. M. minima (little Bur-Medick) In open pastures and 
 waste places, rare. Like the last, but more compact and smaller, 
 softly hairy or downy ; flower-stalks from 1- to 6-flowered. Le- 
 gumes smaller and nearly round, with 2, 3, or 4 close spiral turns, 
 and edged with a double row of hooked spines. Banks by the 
 cliff- walks between Meadfoot and Hope's Nose. (E. B. S. t. 
 2635.) A. v. 
 
 MELILOTUS. MELILOT. 
 
 M. officinalis (common yellow Melilot.) By roadsides, on 
 banks, and in bushy places. Plant generally erect, branched, from 
 2 to 4 feet high ; leaves on long leafstalks, distant ; lower leaves 
 with roundish leaflets ; leaflets of the upper leaves nearly linear. 
 Flowers in loose lateral racemes, bright yellow; pods ovate, 
 pointed, wrinkled, and hairy. Babbicombe. Lanes about Bar- 
 ton. Watcombe. Trifolium, Sm. (E. B. t. 1340.) A. or B. 
 YI.-VIII. 
 
32 CALYCIFLOB^. 
 
 TRIGONELLA. FENUGEEEK. 
 
 T. ornithopodioides (bird's-foot Fenugreek.) In dry, sandy 
 pastures ; stems prostrate and spreading, 2 or 3 inches long ; 
 leaflets congregated at the summit of the stalk, obcordate, toothed. 
 Clusters axillary, stalked, of from 1 to 3 small, nearly white flow- 
 ers ; pod curved, compressed, transversely furrowed, 6- to 8-seeded. 
 Babington says, this plant is scarcely a Trifolium or Trigonella. 
 Paignton sands. Trifolium, Linn. (E. B. t. 1047.) A. vi. vn. 
 
 TRIFOLIUIVI. CLOVEE, TEEFOIL. 
 
 1. T. repens (white Trefoil, or Dutch Clover.) In meadows 
 and pastures. Stems creeping and rooting at the joints ; leaflets 
 obovate or obcordate, with usually a dark spot at their base. 
 Flower- stalks long and erect, bearing a roundish head or umbel 
 of white flowers, often pinkish. Pod protruding beyond the calyx, 
 and covered by the withered corolla ; seeds from 2 to 4. Yery 
 common in pastures, etc. (E. B. t. 1769.) P. v.-ix. 
 
 2. T. pratense (common purple C.) Frequent in meadows 
 and pastures. Stems hairy from 1 to 2 feet long ; leaflets oval, 
 or obcordate ; flowers in dense ovate sessile heads, reddish-purple, 
 sometimes white; pod generally 1-seeded; flower-heads with 2 
 sessile trefoiled leaves at their base. Abundant everywhere. (E. 
 B. t. 1770.) P. v.-ix. 
 
 3. T. medium (zigzag T.) In open woods, bushy pastures, 
 banks, and waysides. Differing from the last in its zigzag stem 
 and stalked flower-heads ; it has also narrower stipules and leaf- 
 lets. Flowers in large heads, purplish. Woods and banks near 
 Torquay. Near Ide on the Moreton road. (E. B. t. 190.) P. 
 VI.-IX. 
 
 4. T. incarnatum (crimson C.) In open places near the sea. 
 An erect, slender, and softly hairy plant, naturalized in a few 
 places in the south of England ; leaflets obcordate ; flower-heads 
 ovate or cylindrical; flowers rich crimson. Meadows about Tor- 
 quay, but probably cultivated. The variety /3 of Hooker and 
 Arnott, with yellow flowers, is said to be " decidedly indigenous" 
 at Lizard Point, Cornwall. (E. B. S. t. 2950.) A. vi. vn. 
 
 5. T. arvense (hare's-foot T.) In cornfields, dry pastures, 
 and on sandy banks. Stem from 6 to 12 inches high, erect, and 
 much branched ; leaflets lanceolate, blunt; flower-heads numerous, 
 cylindrical, soft and hairy ; flowers very small, pale pinkish- white ; 
 the projecting hairy teeth of the calyx give the heads a peculiar 
 
CALYCLFLOILE. 33 
 
 feathery appearance. Meadfoot Cliffs. Hope's Nose. (E. B. t. 
 944.) 'A. vn.-ix. 
 
 6. T. striatuxn (soft-knotted T.) In dry pastures and wasto 
 places. Whole plant softly hairy ; stem from 4 to 10 inches 
 long, more or less spreading ; leaflets obovate. Flower-heads 
 terminal and axillary, small, oval or globular ; flowers very small, 
 pale red ; calyx with 5 short, awl-shaped teeth, Paignton Green. 
 (E. B. t, 1813.) A. Vi. vii. 
 
 7. T. scabrum (rough rigid T.} In sandy pastures and waste 
 places near the sea. Somewhat like the last, but more prostrate 
 and not so hairy ; leaflets not so broad, and the flower-heads more 
 in the axils of the leaves, and very rigid when in fruit ; flowers 
 very pale. Paignton sands. .Kerswell down. (E. B. t. 903.) A. 
 V.-YII. 
 
 8. T. glomeratum (smooth round-headed T.) On dry heaths> 
 in pastures and waste grounds. A small, slender, spreading plant, 
 very much like T. scabrum, but with rounder heads and flowers 
 of a much brighter pink ; corolla very small, yet longer than the 
 calyx-teeth. Ellacombe. Ilsham Down. Exmouth sands. (E. 
 B. t. 1063.) A. vi. 
 
 9. T. suffocatum (suffocated T.) Sandy seashores, rare. A 
 very small plant with prostrate stems, seldom more than 2 inches 
 long ; leaflets obovate, on slender footstalks. Flowers very small, 
 closely sessile, in minute dense heads, which are crowded along 
 the slender stems quite close to the' ground. Mound at Ella- 
 combe. Paignton Green. Teignmouth Den. (E. B. t. 1049.) 
 A. vi. 
 
 10. T. subterraneum (subterranean T.) In dry, gravelly 
 or sandy pastures. Stem from 3 to 8 inches long, prostrate, 
 hairy ; leaflets obovate on long leafstalks. Flowers almost white, 
 long, and very slender, in heads of 2 or 3, on axillary, lateral 
 stalks, which after flowering become elongated and turn down- 
 wards, and by means of the 5 spreading teeth, which arise and 
 surround the calyx, the fruit is buried in the ground. Ellacombe. 
 Chapel Hill. Paignton Green. Kerswell down, Teignmouth 
 (Miss Champernowne). (E. B. 1. 1048.) A. v. vi. 
 
 11. T. fragiferum (Strawberry -headed T.) In pastures and 
 meadows. Plant in habit and appearance resembling T. repens, 
 but differing in the flower-heads, which consist of numerous 
 closely sessile flowers, surrounded by a much divided involucre, 
 and the calyx, after flowering, becomes dilated and coloured, so 
 that the fruiting head has much the appearance of a Strawberry. 
 Torre Abbey meadows. Goodrington Marsh. (E. B. t. 1050 V .) 
 P. vn. vin. 
 
 12. T. procumbens (Hop T.) In dry pastures and borders 
 
 D 
 
34 CALYCIFLOE^l. 
 
 of fields. Plant slender, from 6 inches to a foot long, either pro- 
 cumbent or erect. Leaflets obovate or obcordate, the middle one 
 distant from the others. Flower-heads broadly oval, dense and 
 many-flowered; flowers small and yellow, standard becoming 
 striated as the flowers fade. The whole head has a Hop-like ap- 
 pearance. Frequent in pastures. Torquay. Marychurch, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 945.) A. VI.-YIII. 
 
 13. T. minus (lesser yellow T.) By roadsides and in dry 
 pastures. More slender and procumbent than the last ; flowers 
 not so numerous in the heads, and paler ; the standard narrower, 
 and more faintly striated. Ilsham. Marychurch, etc., frequent. 
 (E. B. t. 1256.) A. vi.-vm. 
 
 14. T. filiforme (slender yellow T.) In sandy or stony pas- 
 tures and in waste places near the sea. Stems seldom attaining 
 6 inches in length ; leaflets narrow, and the centre one placed 
 immediately between the two others. Flowers from 2 or 3 to 5 
 or 6 in a head, very small. Starved specimens of T. minus are 
 very often mistaken for this. According to Bentham, " rare in 
 Britain," though set down as " frequent " by Hooker and Arnott. 
 Park Hill. Mound at Ellacombe. Ilsham Down. King's Kers- 
 well, on the rocky mound near the Church. (E. B. t. 1257.) A. 
 VI. VII. 
 
 LOTUS. BIRD'S-FOOT TEEFOIL. 
 
 1. I*, corniculatus (common B.) In meadows and pastures. 
 Plant varying in size from 2 inches to nearly 2 feet long ; stems 
 decumbent or erect ; leaves ovate and pointed. Flower-heads in 
 the form of an umbel, from 5- to 10-flowered, flower-stalks long ; 
 flowers bright yellow, the outside of the standard frequently red. 
 Pods about 1 inch long, containing globular seeds. Daddyhole 
 Plain. Meadfoot. Babbicombe. The variety & villosus ; rocks 
 near Hope's Nose. (E. B. t. 2090.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 2. la. major (narroiv-leavedB.) In moist meadows and along 
 the sides of ditches. More generally luxuriant in its whole 
 growth than the last, of which it is most probably a highly de- 
 veloped form. Heads with from 6 to 12 flowers in the umbel. 
 Road to Ansti's Cove. Marychurch. Walks at Meadfoot. (E. 
 B. t. 2091.) P. VL-viii. 
 
 3. Ii. angustissixnus (slender B.} In meadows, pastures, 
 and fields. Rare. A slender, branched, and hairy plant, with 
 narrower leaflets than L. corniculatus. Flowers small, solitary, 
 or 2 or three in the umbel. Pod slender, about ^ an inch long. 
 Meadfoot. Petit Tor. Eoadside between Lindridge and Bishops- 
 teignton. (L. diffusus, E. B. t. 925.) A. v.-vm. 
 
CALYCIFLOBJE. 35 
 
 4. Ii. hispidus (hispid 13.) A larger and more hairy variety 
 of the last. Flowers often 3 in the umbel ; pod thicker and 
 shorter. Hedgerow by the fir-plantation near Hope's Nose (Mr. 
 C. Parker). (E. B. S. t. 2823.) A. V.-VIII. 
 
 TRIBE III. ASTBAGALE,E. 
 
 TEIBE IY. 
 ORNITHOPUS. BIRD'S-FOOT. 
 
 O. perpusillus (common B.) In sandy and dry rocky pas- 
 tures. Stems spreading on the ground, from 2 or 3 to 8 inches 
 long. Leaves pinnate, with from 5 to 10 pairs of oval or oblong 
 leaflets, with an odd terminal one, softly hairy. Flower-stalks 
 longer than the leaves ; flowers white with red lines, nearly ses- 
 sile. Pods downy, curved upwards, terminating in a beak. 
 Daddyhole Plain. Top of the cliffs, near Hope's Nose. Babbi- 
 combe and Ilsham Downs. Bovey Heath. Chagford. (E. B. t. 
 369.) A. T.-VII. 
 
 HIPPOCREPIS. HORSE-SHOE VETCH. 
 
 H. comosa (tufted Horse-shoe Vetch.) In pastures and on 
 banks, in limestone districts chiefly. Stems numerous, branching 
 at the base ; leaves pinnate, leaflets small, oblong or linear, from 
 9 to 15. Flowers umbellate, from 5 to 8, pale yellow, resembling 
 those of Lotus comiculatus, the pods however are quite different, 
 and distinguished by the broad and deep semicircular notches at 
 their inner edges. Daddyhole Plain. Ansti's Cove. Babbi- 
 combe Down. (E. B. t. 31.) P. v.-vin. 
 
 ONOBRYCHIS. SAINFOIN. 
 
 O. sativa (common Sainfoin.) On limestone hills, and dry 
 open downs. Stems ascending, from 1 to 2 feet high ; leaves 
 pinnate, with numerous oblong leaflets. Flower-stalks long, 
 bearing a spike of light pink flowers ; pods sessile, bordered with 
 short teeth, the sides marked with elevated veins. Fields above 
 the walks from Meadfoot to Hope's Nose. Hedysarv/m Onobry- 
 chis, Linn. (E. B. t. 96.) P. v.-viu. 
 
36 CALYCIFLOR^. 
 
 TEIBE V. VJCIEJE. 
 VICIA. YETCH, TAEE. 
 
 1. V. lathyroides (spring Vetch.) In dry pastures, open 
 woods, and on hedge-banks. A low spreading plant ; stems from 
 3 to 6 inches long, branching below ; leaflets from 2 to 6, oblong 
 or narrow-linear. Flowers sessile, solitary, rich purple ; distin- 
 guished from the next chiefly by its smaller flowers, and by its 
 seeds being rough with raised dots. Ansti's Cove. Hedge-banks 
 on the Teignmouth road. Side of the Ernie, near Ivybridge. 
 (E. B. t. 30.) A. v.-vi. 
 
 2. V. sativa (common Vetch.) In dry pastures and cultivated 
 ground. Stems from 1 to 2 feet high, nearly erect, spreading or 
 nearly climbing ; leaflets varying from elliptic- oblong or obcor- 
 date to narrow-linear, 4 to 7 on each leaf. Flowers usually in 
 pairs, large, purplish-blue or red. Hedges and fields, frequent, 
 probably cultivated. (E. B. t. 334.) The variety V. angwtifolia, 
 with narrower leaflets and smaller flowers (E. B. S. t. 2614), is 
 to be found by the Cliff walks at Ilsham. A. v. VI. 
 
 3. V. sepium (bush V.) In woods and shady places. Stem 
 from 1 to 2 feet high ; leaflets large, ovate, from 4 to 8 pairs to 
 each leaf, ending in a tendril ; flowers 2, 4, or 6 together, in the 
 axils of the upper leaves, pale reddish-purple, forming a drooping 
 cluster on a short flower-stalk. Legume about an inch long. 
 Common in woods and hedges. (E. B. t. 1515.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 4. V. lutea (rough-podded yellow V.) In dry, stony, waste 
 or Cultivated land. A slightly hairy plant, with spreading, 
 branched stems from 6 to 12 inches long ; leaves with elliptic- 
 lanceolate leaflets, 6 to 9 pairs on a leafstalk, varying greatly in 
 hairiness. Flowers large, pale yellow ; pods compressed and 
 clothed with long hairs. Near Hope's Nose. (E. B. t. 481.) P. 
 
 VI.-VIII. 
 
 5. V. Bithynica (rough-podded purple V.) In bushy places 
 or stony wastes near the sea. Rare. Plant generally .slightly 
 downy ; stems from 1 to 2 feet long, weak and angular. Leaves 
 with generally but 2 pairs of leaflets varying much in breadth, 
 sometimes long-lanceolate, sometimes nearly linear ; tendrils 
 branched. Flowers solitary or in twos, on shorter or longer 
 flower-stalks, purple, with whitish wings. Pods upright, rough, 
 from 1 inch to an inch and half long, containing from 4 to 6 
 seeds. Maidencombe (Miss A. Griffiths) . (Teignmouth. Shaldon, 
 FL D.) (E. B. t. 1842.) P. YII. vin. 
 
 6. V. Cracca (tufted V.} In hedges and bushy places. Stems 
 2 or 3 feet long, weak and climbing ; leaflets lanceolate or linear, 
 
CALYCIFLORJE. 37 
 
 slightly hairy. Flowers numerous, in one-sided clusters, of a 
 beautiful bluish-purple ; legume about an inch long, flattened, 6- 
 to 8-seeded. Warberry Hill. Hedges by the Newton road, etc. 
 Common. (E. B. t. 1168.) P. Vl.-vm. 
 
 7. V. sylvatica (wood V.) Open woods and bushy places 
 in rocky countries. A very handsome plant, spreading its stems 
 over bushes and small trees to the extent of 8 or 10 feet. Leaves 
 bearing from 8 to 10 pairs of, ovate or oblong leaflets; flower- 
 stalks longer than the leaves ; flowers numerous, extremely beau- 
 tiful, in long drooping clusters, white, streaked with purplish 
 veins. Pod about an inch long, broad, containing from 4 to 6 
 seeds. Ansti's Cove. Petit Tor. Bushy places near Hope's 
 Nose. (E. B. t. 79.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 8. V. tetrasperma (slender Tare.) In fields, hedges, and 
 waste places. Stems weak and spreading, usually 6 or 8 inches 
 long, but sometimes climbing to the extent of 2 feet. Leaves 
 with from 3 to 6* pah's of linear-obtuse or acute leaflets. Flower- 
 stalks slender, bearing from 2 to 7 small, pale-blue flowers. Pods 
 linear-oblong, flat, containing from 4 to 6 seeds. Warberry Hill. 
 Cliffs at Meadfoot. Ervum, Linn. (E.B. t. 1223.) A. VI.-YIII. 
 
 9. V. hirsuta (hairy Tare.) In hedges, cornfields, and waste 
 places, frequent. Stems from 6 inches to 2 or 3 feet long, weak 
 and straggling. Leaves with from 6 to 8 pairs of small oblong 
 leaflets ; flower-stalks slender, bearing two or three very small 
 pale blue flowers ; teeth of the calyx longer than the tube of the 
 corolla. Legume about inch long, flat and hairy, 2-seeded. 
 Warberry Hill. Fields above Meadfoot. Walks near Hope's 
 Nose. Ervum, Linn. (E. B. t. 970.) A. TI.-VIII. 
 
 LATHYRUS. YETCHLING, EVERLASTING PEA. 
 
 1. 3a. Nissolia (crimson V. or Grass Vetch.) In grassy 
 borders of fields, bushy places, or stony pastures, rare. Stem 
 about a foot high, branching from the bottom, without true 
 leaves, but the leafstalk flattened out into a linear-lanceolate ex- 
 pansion resembling a blade of grass. Flower-stalks long, with 1 
 or sometimes 2 small, reddish flowers. Ellacombe (Miss A. Grif- 
 fiths). (Teignmouth. Exmouth, Fl. D.) (E. B. t. 112.) A. vi. 
 
 2. Xj. pratensis (meadow V.) In moist meadows and pas- 
 tures. A weak, much branched, straggling or climbing plant, 
 attaining the length of 2 or 3 feet ; tendrils branched, with 2 
 lanceolate, 3-nerved leaflets ; stipules large and arrow-shaped. 
 Flower- stalks long, with a cluster of numerous yellow flowers. 
 Ansti's Cove. Walks above Meadfoot, etc. (E. B. t. 670.) P. 
 
 VII. Till. 
 
38 CALYCIFLOBJ3. 
 
 3. Ii. sylvestris (narrow-leavedEverlastingPea.) In hedges, 
 thickets, and bushy, rocky places. Stems straggling and climb- 
 ing, from 2 to 5 or 6 feet long, broadly winged ; leafstalks with 
 1 pair of ensiform leaflets and ending in a tendril. Flower-stalks 
 long, many-flowered ; flowers greenish, streaked with purple veins. 
 Legumes 2 or 3 inches long, containing numerous flattened seeds. 
 Meadfoot Cliffs. Hope's Nose. Ansti's Cove. Maidencombe, 
 Berry Head, etc. (^E. B. t. 805.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 OROBUS. BITTEE YETCH. 
 
 O. tuber osus (tuberous Bitter Vetch.} In thickets and 
 open woods, under hedges, etc. Boot forming small tubers j 
 stems suberect, from 6 inches to a foot long ; leaves with from 
 2 to 4 pairs of leaflets, without tendrils, oblong-lanceolate or 
 linear. Flowers reddish-purple, from 2 to 4, on slender flower- 
 stalks. Cliff walks near Hope's Nose. Ansti's Cove. (Lathyrus 
 macrorrhizus, Bab. and Benth.) (E. B. t. 1153.) The variety 0, 
 with linear leaflets (Orobus tenuifolius) y is found at Bovey Tracey. 
 P. vi. vii. 
 
 . ROSACEJE. 
 
 STTBOKD. I. AMYGDALE^E. 
 PRUNUS. PLUM OK CHEEEY. 
 
 1. P. communis (common Plum.) Abundant in hedges, 
 thickets, and open woods. A much-branched spiny shrub, the 
 smaller branches ending in a sharp thorn ; leaves stalked, ovate 
 or oblong ; flowers small and white, appearing before the leaves. 
 P.spinosa, Linn. (E. B. t. 842.) Yar. ft. insititia : less spinous 
 branches, more downy leaves, and of taller growth. (E. B. t. 841.) 
 Yar. 7. domestica : branches without spines ; fruit larger and 
 sweeter. (E. B. t. 1783.) The two first grow abundantly about 
 the neighbourhood ; the last about Cockington. Walks near 
 Hope's Nose. Sh. IV. v. 
 
 2. P. Avium (wild Cherry or Gean.) In woods and hedges. 
 A tree, from 20 to 30 or more feet high, gracefully branching ; 
 leaves drooping, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, toothed. Flow- 
 ers in clusters of 2 or 3, white, rising together from leafless buds. 
 Fruit roundish, somewhat heart-shaped, firm, either black or red. 
 The original of the common garden Cherry. Shiphay lanes. 
 Cockington lanes. Bradley woods. Berry Pomeroy woods. 
 Chudleigh, (P. Cerasus, Sm. in E. B. t. 706.) T. v. 
 
CALYCIFLOBJE. 39 
 
 3. P. Cerasus (Morello Cherry.) In woods, hedges, and 
 thickets. An upright, bushy shrub, from 6 to 8 feet high ; leaves 
 oblong-obovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, not drooping ; flowers 
 white, in scattered umbels. Fruit always red, juicy and acid, 
 round. Berry Pomeroy woods. Copse at Chudleigh, (E. B. S. 
 t. 2863.) Sh. v. 
 
 SFBOBD. II. 
 TRIBE I. 
 SPIRJEA. DEOPWOET OB MEADOW-SWEET. 
 
 1. S. Filipendula (common Dropwort.) In meadows, pas- 
 tures, and open woods, very frequent. A beautiful little plant ; 
 stems erect, from 1 to 2 feet high ; leaves confined to the lower 
 part of the stem, mostly radical, interruptedly pinnate, with nu- 
 merous small oblong or lanceolate segments, deeply cut and 
 serrate. Flowers small, cream-coloured, tipped with pink, in a 
 compound cluster terminating the stem. Plentiful in meadows 
 and pastures about Torquay and Mary church. (E. B. t. 284.) 
 P. vi. YII. 
 
 2. S. Ulmaria (Meadow-sweet, Queen of the Meadows.) In 
 meadows and by the sides of ditches and ponds. Plant from 2 
 to 4 feet high ; stem branched and furrowed. Leaves large, pin- 
 nate, with ovate or broadly lanceolate segments, green above, 
 whitish beneath ; terminal segment the largest and divided into 
 3 lobes. Flowers sweet-scented, small, yellowish-white, hi com- 
 pound cymes. Fruit twisted spirally. Meadows behind Torre 
 Abbey. Cockington. Lanes about Marychurch. (E.^B. t. 960.) 
 P. vi.-vm. 
 
 TBIBE II. POTENTILLID.E. 
 GEUM. AYENS. 
 
 G. urbanum (common Averts.) Under hedges, by roadsides, 
 banks, and borders of fields. Plant upright, with slightly branched 
 stems, 1 to 2 feet high ; root-leaves irregularly pinnate and lyrate, 
 on long stalks ; stem-leaves divided into 3 segments, all coarsely 
 serrate. Flowers erect, small and yellow, petals spreading ; calyx 
 with 10 segments. Heads of fruit sessile, covered with silky 
 hairs. Hedges by the side of the Ansti's Cove lane. Wood near 
 Ansti's Cove. Cockington lanes, etc., frequent. (E. B. t. 1400.) 
 P. YI.-YIII. 
 
40 CALTCIFLOE^E. 
 
 RXJBI7S. BEAMBLE, EASPBEEEY. 
 
 1. R. idseus (common Raspberry.) Woods and thickets ; 
 pretty generally distributed over Britain. Leaflets with close 
 white down underneath. Flowers white, in long panicles at the 
 ends of short branches. Fruit scarlet in a wild state. Eoad 
 between Sandy Park and the Drewsteignton cromlech. Hedges 
 in the lane at Gidleigh, near Chagford. Berry Pomeroy. (E. B. 
 t. 2442.) Sh. vi. 
 
 2. H. suberectus (upright Bramble.) Hedges, thickets, and 
 boggy places. The Rubi have by some botanists been divided 
 into a great number of distinct species, but it seems doubtful 
 whether many of them are entitled to separate specific names. 
 Bentham, in the preface to his c Handbook,' says : " At any rate, 
 if those minute distinctions by which the innumerable varieties 
 of Brambles, of Eoses, of Hawkweeds, or of Willows, have of late 
 years been characterized, are really more constant and more im- 
 portant than the author's experience has led him to conclude, 
 they cannot be understood without a more complete acquaintance 
 with trifling, vague, and sometimes theoretical characters, than 
 he himself has been able to attain, or than can ever be expected 
 from the mere amateur." Most of the varieties of Bramble grow 
 about and around Torquay, but this and the three following are 
 all I have been able to distinguish. Forde Bog, near Newton. 
 (E. B. t. 2572.) Sh. TII. vm. 
 
 3. R. fruticosus (common B.) In hedges, thickets, woods, 
 and waste places, very abundant ; varies considerably in the 
 prickles and hairs, shape of the leaflets, and also in the colour of 
 the flowers. Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 715.) Sh. vn. vm. 
 
 4. R. corylifolius (Hazel-leaved B.) Thickets and hedges. 
 Scarcely distinct from R. rhamnifolius and R. carpmifolius. 
 Hedges about Torquay. (E. B. t. 827.) Sh. vi.-vm. 
 
 5. R. csesius (Dewberry.) In open fields, thickets, hedge- 
 banks, and borders of fields. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 826.) Sh. 
 
 FRAGARIA. STEAWBEEEY. 
 
 F. vesca (tvood S) In woods and bushy pastures, banks by 
 roadsides, frequent. (A large variety, the F. elatior (E. B. t. 
 2197), is also frequently met with.) Flowers in Devonshire nearly 
 the whole year. Very abundant in woods and lanes about Tor- 
 quay and neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 1524, and S. t, 2742.) P. 
 Y.-VII. 
 
CALYCIELORJE. 41 
 
 POTENTILLA. CINQUEFOIL. 
 
 1. P. anserina (Silver-weed.) Common by roadsides, in 
 moist meadows, stony pastures, and waste places. Varies much 
 in its degree of silkiness. Flowers large and bright yellow. Very 
 abundant on roadsides and borders of fields about Torquay and 
 Marychurch. (E. B. t. 861.) P. v.-vil. 
 
 2. P. verna (spring C.) Pastures and waste places, most 
 frequently in hilly and mountain districts. A small woody, pro- 
 cumbent plant, with flowers at the extremities of weak leafy- 
 branches. Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 37.) P. IV.-TI. 
 
 3. P. rep tans (common creeping C.) In meadows, pastures, 
 and roadsides. Common about Torquay and its vicinity. (E. B. 
 t. 862.) P. TI.-IX. 
 
 4. P. Tormentilla (Tormentil.) Moors and heathy places, 
 frequent. Various places about Dartmoor. Tormentilla offici- 
 nalis, Linn. (E. B. t. 863.) Var. , Tormentilla reptans, Linn., 
 grows on hedge-banks, borders of fields, and waste places about 
 Torquay and Babbicombe. (E. B. t. 864.) P. vi. vui. 
 
 5. P. Fragariastrum (Strawberry-headed C.) On banks, dry 
 pastures, and open woods, frequent. Banks by the sides of roads 
 and lanes around Torquay and Marychurch. (E. B. t. 1785.) P. 
 III.-Y. 
 
 AX.CHBMXI.LA. LADY'S-MANTLE. 
 
 A. arvensis (field L. or Parsley Fieri.) In meadows and 
 pastures, and on wall-tops where there is any covering of soil. 
 Flowers very small, green, and sessile, forming minute heads in 
 the axils of the leaves, half-enclosed in the leafy stipules, fre- 
 quent. Milber Down. About Torquay. (E. B. t. 597.) A. 
 
 SANGUISORBA. BUENET. 
 
 S. officinalis (great JB.) In moist meadows and pastures, 
 chiefly in a mountainous district. Stem from 1 foot to 2 feet 
 high, branching upward ; flowers much crowded, dark purple. 
 Meadows near the Ernie, at Ivybridge. Moor near Chagford. 
 (E. B. t. 1312.) P. YI.-VIII. 
 
 POTERITJ1VI. SALAD-BUENET. 
 P. Sanguisorba (common S.) In dry pastures and clefts of 
 
42 CALYCIFLOBJG. 
 
 limestone rocks. This plant generally puzzles young botanists 
 by its curious compound-looking head of flowers. The lower 
 flowers of the head are all male, the upper, female. Abundant 
 on the Eock walk, Torquay. (E. B. t. 860.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 AGRXMONIA. AGEIMONY. 
 
 A. Eupatoria (common A.) On roadsides, waste places, 
 and borders of meadows, frequent. It varies considerably in the 
 hairiness of its foliage, the size of its flowers, and the form of its 
 ripe calyx. Warberry Hill. Hills above Meadfoot. Ansti's 
 Cove Lane. Cockington. (E. B. t. 1335.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 A. ODOEATA of Mill (Ansti's Cove, Mr. C. Parker) : larger 
 than the last, with scented flowers. 
 
 TEIBE IY. EOSE.&. 
 
 Bentham, in his introductory remarks on the Hoses, says that 
 *'even in the wild state, endeavours have been made to charac- 
 terize so large a number of proposed species, that the confusion 
 among them is almost as great as in the Brambles. The forms 
 indigenous to Britain appear to be reducible to five types, which 
 are probably real species. It must however be admitted, that 
 the characters separating them are not so decided as could be 
 wished, and that specimens will occasionally be found that the most 
 experienced botanist will be at a loss to determine, and certainly 
 not the less so if the number of British species be extended as 
 proposed, to 15 or 20," 
 
 ROSA. EOSE, DOG-EOSE, SWEETBEIAE. 
 
 1. R. spinosissima (Bur net-leaved R,.} In dry bushy 
 wastes, most common near the sea. Leaflets very small, from 7 
 to 9 to each leaf. Flowers small, whitish or pink, solitary, sweet- 
 scented. Cliff walks near Ansti's Cove. Hope's Nose. (Rosa 
 pimpinellifolia, Linn.) (E. B. 1. 187.) Sh. v. 
 
 2. R. mbiginosa (true Sweetbriar.) In hedges, thickets, 
 and open, bushy places, in the south of England chiefly. More 
 slender in its growth than the Dog-Hose ; its prickles curved or 
 hooked. The scent often very faint in the wild state. Ansti's 
 Cove. Thickets at Chudleigh, where also R. micrantha, of Hooker 
 and Arnott, is to be found. Lustleigh. (E. B. t. 991 and t. 2490.) 
 Sh. VI. vii. 
 
CALYCIFLOE^E. 43 
 
 3. R. tomentosa (downy-leaved R) Hedges and thickets, 
 frequent. Probably a mere variety of R. villosa (E. B, t. 2459). 
 Distinguished from the downy varieties of the Dog-Rose, chiefly 
 by the globular fruit more or less covered with small fine 
 prickles. The plant is also more erect and bushy. Both are 
 found at Chudleigh. Chagford, near the gate leading to Gidleigh 
 Park. (E. B. t. 990.) Sh. vi. vn. 
 
 4. R. canina (common Dog -Rose?) Hedges and thickets, very 
 common everywhere in England. Common about Torquay and 
 neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 992.) R. sysfyla, given as a species 
 by Hooker and Arnott, but considered by Bentham to be merely 
 a variety of this, grows in thickets, etc., at Chudleigh. (R. col- 
 lina, E. B. t. 1895.) Sh. vi. YII. 
 
 5. R. arvensis (trailing Dog- Rose.) In hedges, woods, and 
 thickets, very frequent. A much more trailing plant than R. 
 canina, extending frequently to many feet. Flowers white, and 
 without scent, '3 or 4 together. Fruit nearly globular and 
 smooth. (E. B. t. 188.) Sh. vi. YII. 
 
 SITBOED. III. 
 CRATVEGUS. HAWTHORN. 
 
 C. Oxyacantha (Hawthorn, White-thorn, or May.) Woods, 
 thickets, and hedges, abundant in England. Varies much in the 
 form of the leaves, the down of its foliage and calyx, and also in 
 the size and colour of its flowers. Common everywhere about 
 the neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 2504.) T. v. YI. 
 
 PYRUS. PEAR, APPLE, SEEYICE. 
 
 1. P. Mai us (Crab Apple.) Scattered over Britain, in woods 
 and hedges. All the apples of our orchards belong to this 
 species. Cliffs near Hope's Nose. Rocky valley near Torquay, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 179.) T. v. 
 
 2. P. torminalis (wild Service.) "Woods and hedges, con- 
 fined chiefly to the middle and south of England. A tall shrub, 
 or moderately sized tree, with large white flowers in corymbs at 
 the ends of short leafy branches. Near Chagford. Holne Chase. 
 Ilsington. Cratagus, Linn. (E. B. t. 298.) T. iv. v. 
 
 3. P. Aucuparia (mountain Ash or Rowan-tree) Moun- 
 tainous woods and hedges ; distinguished from the two foregoing 
 
44 
 
 by the regularly pinnate leaves. Sides of Tors, at Dartmoor. 
 (E.B, t.337.) .T. y. vi. 
 
 4. P. Aria (white Beam-tree.} Mountainous woods, parti- 
 cularly in limestone or chalky country. There are several 
 varieties of this shrub. Park Hill, Torquay. (E. B. t. 1858.) 
 T. v. 
 
 OED. XXVIII. ONOGKRACEJE. 
 EPII,OBIUM. WILLOW-HERB. 
 
 1. E. hirsutum (great hairy W.> Codlins-and-cream.) Sides 
 of rivers, ditches, and in wet situations, frequent. Flowers large 
 and handsome, rose-coloured. Whole plant downy. Torquay, 
 road between Torre and Paignton. White variety grows at 
 Paignton. (E. B. t. 838.) P. vn. vin. 
 
 2. 35. parviflorum (small-flowered hairy W.) Localities 
 same as the last. Yery much like E. hirsutum on a small scale. 
 Flowers very small. Road to Ansti's Cove. Meadows at back 
 of Torre Abbey. Paignton. (E. B. t. 795.) P. vn. vin. 
 
 3. 32. montaxmm (broad smooth-leaved W.) In waste and 
 cultivated places, roadsides, woods, dry shady banks, walls and 
 roofs of cottages, frequent. Stems from 6 inches to 1 fopt high. 
 Flower-buds erect or slightly nodding, flowers pink. Neighbour- 
 hood of Torquay and Maryclmrck. Milber Down. (E. B. t. 
 1177.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 4. 32. tetragonum (square-stalked W.) In damp places, 
 and by sides of ditches. Stems from 1 to 2 feet high, with from 
 2 to 4 angles ; leaves lanceolate, sessile ; flower-buds erect ; seeds 
 oblong-obovate. (E. B. t. 1948.) This plant, as well as E. ob- 
 scurum, Bab., which has much shorter capsules, grows by the 
 side of ditches in the lane leading to Ansti's Cove. P. vn. vin. 
 
 CIRCJSA. ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE. 
 
 C. Iiutetiana (common E.) Woods and shady nooks, com- 
 mon. Whole plant graceful in the extreme; flowers white or 
 pink, in elegant, slightly branched terminal racemes. Cockington 
 and Shiphay lanes. Copse near Bishopstowe, etc. (E. B. t. 
 1056.) P. VL-viii. 
 
CALYCIFLORJE. 45 
 
 ORD. XXIX. HALOEAGACE^E. 
 HIPPURIS. MAEE'S-TAIL. 
 
 H. vulgaris (common M.) In shallow ponds and watery- 
 ditches. Whorls of about 8 leaves ; the flowers are at the base 
 of each of the upper leaves. Fruit a small, oblong, 1-seeded 
 nut. Pools about Dartmoor. (E. B. t. 763.) P. Yl. VII. 
 
 MYRIOPHYLLUM. WATER -MILE OIL. 
 
 M. spicatum (spiked W.) Ditches and ponds. Leaves 4 
 in a whorl, and submerged. A slender spike protrudes from the 
 water, bearing minute flowers arranged in whorls ; the upper 
 flowers are male, the lower female, very small. Fingle Bridge, 
 near Chagford. (E. B. t. 83.) P. VI. vn. 
 
 ORD. XXX. LYTHEACE^l. 
 
 PURPLE-LOOSESTRIFE. 
 
 TJ. Salicaria (spiJced P.) Wet ditches, watery and marshy 
 places, common. Flowers reddish-purple, in large handsome 
 spikes of dense whorls. Road to Ansti's Cove. Forde bog, near 
 Newton, and generally diffused in moist situations. (E. B. t. 
 1061.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 FEPLIS. WATER-PURSLANE. 
 
 P. Portula (common W.) In wet ditches and watery places, 
 not unfrequent. A small slightly branched annual, creeping and 
 rooting at the base ; leaves opposite ; plant seldom more than 3 
 inches high. Flowers sessile in the axils of the leaves. Mead- 
 foot, Torquay. Lustleigh. Buckland. (E. B. t. 1211.) A.vn. 
 
 ORD. XXXI. TAMAEICACE^l, 
 
 TAMARXX. TAMARISK. 
 T. Anglica (English T.) Rock, cliffs and shores by the sea. 
 
46 CALYCIFLOB2E. 
 
 A very graceful-looking plant, but most probably not indigenous. 
 Banks on the sides of the road between Torquay and Paignton. 
 (T. Gallica, Linn.) (E. B. t. 1318.) Sh. VII. 
 
 OED. XXXII. CUCURBITACE-Sl. 
 
 OED. XXXIII. PORTULACEJE. 
 MONTI A. BLINKS. 
 
 M. font ana (water Blinks, or ChicJcweed.} By the edges of 
 rills, and springy wet places, where the water does not become 
 stagnant. A small, green, somewhat succulent plant, growing 
 in dense tufts. Flowers solitary, or in small drooping racemes, 
 white. Forde bog, near Newton. (E. B. t. 1206.) A. iv.-vm. 
 
 OED. XXXIY. PARONYCHIACE.E, 
 
 ILLECEBRUM. KNOT-GRASS. 
 
 I. verticillatum (whorled K.) In marshy and boggy 
 grounds, confined to Devonshire and Cornwall. A minute plant, 
 with spreading procumbent thread-lik,e stems ; leaves broadly 
 ovate ; flowers in axillary whorls, white. Boggy places in Dart- 
 moor. (E. B. t. 895.) P. vn. 
 
 POLYCARPON. ALLSEED. 
 
 P. tetraphyllum (four-leaved A.) Southern' coast of Eng- 
 land ; particularly Devonshire and Dorsetshire. A much 
 branched, spreading, prostrate plant. Flowers diminutive and 
 numerous, in loose terminal cymes, growing in sandy situations 
 near the sea. Kingswear. (E. B. t. 1031.) A. vi. vn. 
 
 SPERGULARIA. SANDWOET-SPUEEEY. 
 
 1. S. rubra (field S.) Sandy and dry gravelly soils, common. 
 Leaves narrow-linear; flowers extremely variable in size, generally 
 
CALTCIFLOTLE. 47 
 
 pink, sometimes nearly white. Paignton, Bovey. Sandy Park. 
 (Arenaria, Linn.) (E. B. t. 852.) A. Vi.-ix. 
 
 2. S. marina (seaside S.) Common upon the seacoast. Larger 
 in every respect than the last ; but by most authors not con- 
 sidered to be specifically distinct. Cliffs by the bathing-cove, 
 Torquay, and cliffs elsewhere around Torbay. (Arenaria marina, 
 Sm.) (E. B. t. 958.) B. or P. VI.-VIH. 
 
 SPERGULA. SPIJRREY. 
 
 S. arvensis (corn S.) In cultivated and waste places, too 
 frequent in cornfields. Flowers small and white, on long slender 
 stalks. Common over the whole county. (E. B. t. 1535.) A. 
 
 OBD. XXXV. CRASSULACE^E. 
 COTYLEDON. PENNYWORT. 
 
 C. Umbilicus (wall P.) On rocks, walls, and old buildings, 
 abundant in western England. Remarkable for its shining, suc- 
 culent, orbicular leaves, and erect stem, bearing a long raceme of 
 pendulous yellowish-green flowers. Common on walls and rocks 
 about Torquay, Ilsham, and Marychurch. (E. B. t. 325.) P. 
 
 VI.-VIII. 
 
 SEmPERVIVUM. HOUSELEEK. 
 
 S. tectorum (common H.) This is an introduced plant, and 
 in England to be found only on old walls and cottage roofs. 
 Leaves very thick and fleshy, the lower ones more than an inch in 
 length, bordered by short stiff hairs, the upper leaves clothed 
 with a viscid down. Flowers of a beautiful pink. Roofs of 
 cottages at Cockington and Barton. (E. B. t. 1320.) P. vn. 
 
 SEBUM. ORPINE, STONECROP. 
 
 f 1. S. Telephium (Live-long^ or Orpine.) Borders of fields, 
 hedge-banks, and shady copses. A very showy plant ; stem 
 from 1 foot to 2 feet high, with numerous oblong fleshy leaves, 
 and bearing a leafy corymb of purple flowers j much cultivated 
 
48 CALYCIFLOEJE. 
 
 in gardens. Near Stover. Buckland. (E. B. t. 1319.) P. YII. 
 
 Till. 
 
 2. S. Anglicum (English Stonecrop.) In rocky and stony 
 places, usually not far from the sea. A small perennial, seldom 
 exceeding 3 inches in height. Flowers white, but sometimes 
 tinged with pink. Bovey Tracey. (E. B. t. 171.) A. YI.-VIII. 
 
 3. S. album (white S.) Bocks, walls, and roofs of houses. 
 Leaves a pale green ; flowers white, or tinged with rose-colour, 
 numerous and crowded. Meadfoot. Babbicombe. Marychurch, 
 and other rocky places near Torquay. (E. B. t. 1578.) P. vn. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 4. S. acre (biting S., or Wall-pepper.) On walls and rocks, 
 in stony or sandy situations. Leaves small, thick, and ovoid, or 
 nearly globular. Flowers of a bright shining yellow, in small 
 terminal cymes. Bocks at the border of Daddyhole Plain. Road 
 to Ansti's Cove. Babbicombe Down. Marychurch. (E. B. t. 
 839.) P. VI. vii. 
 
 OED. XXXVI. GROSSULAEIACEJE. 
 RIBE8. CURRANT, GOOSEBERRY. 
 
 1. R. rubrum (common or red Currant.) In stony woods, 
 frequent in Scotland and north of England, and occurring some- 
 times in southern England, whether wild or not is questionable. 
 A branching shrub, from 3 to 4 feet high, without prickles ; 
 flowers small, greenish-white, in axillary racemes. Great wood 
 on the Newton road, near the second gate leading into the lane 
 opposite the cricket-ground. Berry Pomeroy wood. North 
 Bovey. (E. B. t. 1289.) Sh. iv. v. 
 
 2. R. Grossularia (common Gooseberry.} In thickets, open 
 woods, and hedges ; like the last, can scarcely be considered indi- 
 genous. A much branched, rather weak shrub, with numerous 
 thorns beneath the small bunches of leaves. Flowers green ; 
 berry rather small and yellowish, with stiff hairs scattered over 
 it. Shiphay lanes. Chagford, in a lane between Gidleigh and 
 G-idleigh Common. Cliif walks at Ilsham. (E. B. t. 1292 
 and 2057.) Sh. iv. v. 
 
 OED. XXXYII. SAXIFRAGACEJE. 
 
 SAXIFRAGA. SAXIFRAGE. 
 6. tridactylites (Rue~leaved S.) On walls and rocks, fre- 
 
CALYCIFLOEJE. 49 
 
 quent in England. A pretty little plant from 2 to 5 inches high, 
 simple or branched, and usually covered with a glandular down. 
 Flowers small and white, growing on rather long flower-stalks. 
 On old walls at Cockington and Paignton. Near Ilsham. Mary- 
 church. (E.B.t. 501.) A. IY.-YII. 
 
 CHRYSOSPLENIUM. GOLDEN-SAXIFKAGE. 
 
 C. oppositifolium (common G.) In moist shady places, by 
 the sides of rivulets, common. Leaves all opposite. Flowers 
 yellow, small and sessile, surrounded by small leaves. Cocking- 
 ton. Maidencombe. Coffin's Well. (E. B. t, 490.) P. IV. v. 
 
 ORD. XXXVIII. UMBELLIFEILE. 
 
 In all the Umbellifers, a minute and careful examination of 
 the flowers and seeds, more especially the latter, is absolutely 
 necessary for the right discrimination of genera. In Hooker 
 and Arnott's ' British Flora,' the student will find most accurate 
 representations of the seeds of the different genera of this order, 
 among the plates at the end of the volume (Tab. 1 to 3). 
 
 HYDROCOTYLE. WHITE-ROT. 
 
 H. vulgaris (common W., or marsh Pennywort.) In bogs, 
 marshes, edges of ponds and lakes, frequent. Flowers small and 
 white. Fruits small, flat, and emarginate at the base. Forde 
 bog, near Xewton. Goodrington Marsh. Bogs in Dartmoor. 
 (E. B. t. 751.) P. v.-vm. 
 
 SANICULA. SANICLE. 
 
 S. Europsea (wood Sanicle) Woods and copses, frequent. 
 Leaves for the most part radical. Flower-heads small and white. 
 Fruit in small burrs. Wood near Bishopstowe. Before the 
 building, plentiful in the Waldon Hill wood. (E. B. t. 98.) P. 
 
 ERYNGIURL EEYNGO. 
 
 E. mariiimum (sea J., or Sea- Holly.) On sandy seacoasts, 
 common. Whole plant stiff and rigid, glaucous or bluish. 
 
 E 
 
50 CALYCIFLOEJE. 
 
 Heads of flowers nearly globular, of a pale blue, and at first 
 sight not having the appearance of an Umbellifer. The roots of 
 this plant are sometimes candied, and are then pleasant to the 
 taste, and have been esteemed stimulating and restorative. 
 Paignton. Groodrington. (E. B. t. 718.) The E. campestre, 
 which is very rare, grows at Devil's Point, Stonehouse, near the 
 Victualling Office, but is now almost extinct. (E. B. t. 57.) P. 
 
 VII. VIII. 
 
 APIUM. CELERY. 
 
 A. graveolens (Smallage, or wild C.) Marshes and ditches, 
 especially near the sea. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, furrowed. 
 Flowers small and white ; fruit very small, roundish-ovate. The 
 umbels often sessile, when peduncled bearing but few flowers. 
 Sides of ditches in meadows behind Torre Abbey. Kingsker swell, 
 near the church. Banks of Dart, near Totness. (E. B. t. 1210.) 
 P. vi.-vm. 
 
 PETROSELINUM. PAESLEY. 
 
 P. segetum (corn P.) In fields and wastes places in cen- 
 tral and southern England, frequent. A much branched slender 
 plant, from 9 inches to 2 feet high ; leaves chiefly radical, pinnate, 
 with from 5 to 10 pairs of sessile, cut, and serrate segments. 
 Umbels irregular, partial umbels containing very few small and 
 white flowers. Fruit strongly ribbed. Fields about Torquay and 
 Marychurch. Chudleigh, etc. Sison, Linn. (E. B. t. 228.) B. 
 
 TRINIA. HONEWOET. 
 
 T. vulgaris (common //.) In dry, arid, limestone wastes, 
 rare, confined to the south-western counties in England. Stock 
 short and thick, almost woody, forming a long tap-root at its 
 base ; stems erect, stiff and angular, with many spreading branches, 
 nearly a foot high. Leaves cut into nearly linear segments. 
 Flowers small and numerous, white. Fruit obtuse. Berry Head. 
 Pimpinella dioica, Sm. (E. B. t. 1209.) P. V. VI. 
 
 HELOSCIADIUM. MAESH-WOET. 
 H. nodiflorum (procumbent M.) In marshes, meadows, 
 
CALTCIFLOBJE, 51 
 
 wet ditches, and sides of rivulets. Abundant in England. Stems 
 creeping and rooting at the base. Umbels nearly sessile. Fruit 
 broadly ovate. Wet meadows near Torre Abbey. Slum, Linn. 
 (E. B. t. 639.) P. vn. vin. 
 
 2. H. inundatum (least M.) In swamps, shallow ponds, 
 and pools that are dried up in summer. Much like the last, but 
 smaller. Umbels usually of two rays. Fruit large in proportion 
 to the size of the plant. Paignton marsh. Marvchurch. Bovey 
 Heath. (Sison, E. B. t. 227.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 SISON. BASTAED STONE -PAESLEY. 
 
 S. amomum (hedge bastard S.) Under hedges and in 
 thickets, frequent. Stem about 2 feet high. Leaves pinnate 
 below, upper ones cut into narrow segments. Umbels on slender 
 footstalks, with but few white flowers on short pedicels. Fruit 
 roundish-ovate. Common everywhere. (E. B. t. 954.) P. vin. 
 
 JfEGOFODIUIYI. aOUT-WEED. 
 
 JRB. Podagraria (common G., or Bishop' s-weed.) In moist 
 woods and copses. An upright plant, stem about 18 inches 
 high. Eoot-leaves once, upper ones twice ternate. Umbels 
 large, with numerous white flowers. Fruit oblong, about one- 
 sixth of an inch in length. North Bovey. About Totness. More- 
 ton, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 940.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 EAETH-NUT. 
 
 B. flexuosum (common E.) In woods and pastures, com- 
 mon. The tuber is sweet and wholesome, and is much relished by 
 children and pigs. The plant slender, bearing very narrow leaves 
 with linear segments ; umbels terminal. Fruit oblong, slightly 
 ribbed. Woods, thickets, and waste places about Torquay, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 988.) P. v. vi. 
 
 PIMPINELLA. BUENET-SAXIFEAOE. 
 
 P. saxifrag-a (common J?.) In pastures, on banks and road- 
 sides, frequent. A plant from 1 foot to 2 feet high, with very vari- 
 
52 CALYCIFLOK^]. 
 
 able leaves. Umbels terminal, bearing white flowers. Fruit ovate, 
 surmounted with the swollen base of the reflexed styles, glabrous. 
 Torquay. Mary church, etc. (E. B. t. 407.) P. TII. Viu. 
 
 BUPZiEURUM. HAKE'S-EAK. 
 
 B. aristatuxn (narrow-leaved H.) In England only in the 
 neighbourhood of Torquay. A very small plant, from 1 to 2 or 3 
 inches high, slightly branched ; leaves narrow-linear, 3-nerved. 
 Umbels very small, terminal, much involucrated, bearing minute 
 yellow flowers. Fruit ovate-oblong. Mound by Daddyhole 
 Plain, Torquay, overlooking the quarry. Sometimes on Park 
 Hill, near the stone seat. Ilsham and Babbicombe Downs. S. 
 Odontites, Linn. (E. B. t. 2468.) A. vi. vn. 
 
 GGNANTHS. WATER-DKOPWORT. 
 
 1. <E. fistulosa (common W.} In wet meadows, ditches, 
 and rivulets, common. Plant from 2 to 3 feet high or more j 
 all the branches as well as the stem remarkably tubular. Leaves 
 twice pinnate below ; the leaves of the stalks bear only a few 
 pinnate segments, with linear lobes. Umbels terminal, the centre 
 one having only 3 rays. Fruit in compact globular heads, nar- 
 rowed at the base, and crowned by the narrow teeth of the calyx 
 and the longer rigid styles. Exminster marsh. Chudleigh. Pow- 
 derham marshes. (E. B. t. 363.) P. TII.-IX. 
 
 2. CE. pimpinelloities (callous-fruited W.) Meadows and 
 pastures. Stem erect and firm ; roots fibrous, swelling into 
 ovoid tubers. Leaves much divided. Umbels many-rayed, with 
 the smaller umbels much crowded. Flowers sometimes having 
 a faint yellowish-green colour. Fruit an ovoid cylinder crowned 
 with long styles. Paignton (Mr. Earle). Exminster. Near Ex- 
 mouth, FL D. (E. B. t. 347.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 3. CE. crocata (Hemlock W.) In wet ditches and by river- 
 sides, frequent. A strong and branched species, from 3 to 5 feet 
 high. Leaves 2 or 3 times pinnate. Umbels on long terminal 
 peduncles ; flowers white. Fruit somewhat corky ; the ribs broad 
 but not prominent. Torquay and Marychurch. Chudleigh. 
 Moreton. (E. B. t. 2313.) P. vn. 
 
CALYCIFLOIUG. 53 
 
 JETHUSA. FOOL'S-PABSLEY. 1 
 
 JE. Cynapium (common F.) Abundant in England, in fields 
 and under hedges. An upright, very leafy plant ; the lower leaves 
 thrice-pinnate, the segments more or less cut into narrow lobes. 
 Umbels on long peduncles. Flowers white. Plant possesses a 
 nauseous smell. Common in the neighbourhood. (E. B. 1. 1192.) 
 A. vii.-vm. 
 
 SlUftX. WATEB-PABSNIP. 
 
 S. angustiflorum (narrow-leaved W.) In wet ditches and 
 shallow streams, common. Not so tall a plant as S. latifolium, 
 but more branched and leafy ; seldom attains to 2 feet in height. 
 Stem erect ; leaflets unequally lobed and serrate. Umbels nume- 
 rous, small, on short footstalks. Flowers white. Fruit broadly 
 ovoid, slightly compressed laterally. Marshy meadow near Torre 
 Abbey, not far from the high-road. Meadow behind Forde 
 House, Newton. Banks of the Dart, near Totness, Fl. D. (E. 
 B. t. 139.) P. viii. 
 
 FCENICULUM. FENNEL. 
 
 P. vnlgare (common Fennel.) On dry rocky banks, near the 
 sea. Stem erect, much-branched ; leaves three or four times pin- 
 nate, with very narrow linear segments. Umbels large, with many 
 rays ; flowers deep-yellow ; fruit oblong. The whole plant has 
 a very strong, but not unpleasant smell. Cliffs above Meadfoot, 
 and banks by the side of the Paignton road. (E. B. t. 1208.) 
 P. vii. viii. 
 
 SILAUS. PEPPEB-SAXIFBA&E. 
 
 S. pratensis (meadow P.) In meadows and moist pastures, 
 by waysides, beneath damp hedges. Stem erect, from 1 to 3 feet 
 high, slightly branched ; leaves *thrice pinnate ; leaflets linear- 
 lanceolate. Flowers pale yellow. Fruit oval. Whole plant fetid 
 when bruised. Babbicombe road, beneath the wall opposite the 
 the Ansti's Cove lane. Barton. (E. B. t. 2142.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
CALYCIPLOB^E. 
 
 CRITHMUM. SAMPHIEE. 
 
 C. maritimum (sea Samphire.) In clefts of rocks near the 
 sea. Barely more than a foot high. The young branches, leaves, 
 and umbels thick and fleshy ; leaves two or three times divided. 
 Umbels many-rayed ; flowers yellow and small ; fruit elliptical, 
 about 3 lines long. Eocks by the sea at Babbicombe, and around 
 Torbay generally. Teignmouth. Dawlish. (E. B.t. 819.) P. 
 
 ANGELICA. ANGELICA., 
 
 A. sylvestris (wild A.) In moist woods and marshy places, 
 particularly near streams. Abundant in England. A tall, strong, 
 branching plant, 3 or 4 feet high, with thick stems. Lower leaves 
 large, doubly pinnate, with segments more than 2 inches long. 
 Umbels large, the main ones often with 30 or 40 rays. Flowers 
 pinkish-white. Fruit flat, with 2 wings on each side. Ansti's 
 Cove lane, near the stile leading to Kent's Cavern. (E. B. t. 
 2561.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 HERACLEUM. COW-PAESNIP. 
 
 H. Sphondylium (common C., or Hog-weed.) In meadows, 
 pastures, hedges, and thickets, common. A tall coarse plant, 
 more or less covered with short stiff hairs. Leaves pinnate, with 
 several large and broad segments. Umbels large, with about 20 
 rays. Flowers white, sometimes reddish. Fruit flat, with a 
 broad border. Hedges and pastures, very common. Grows most 
 abundantly on the Eock walk, Torquay. (E. B. t. 939.) P. vn. 
 
 CONIUM. HEMLOCK. 
 
 C. maculatmn (common H.) On the banks of streams, waste 
 places, under hedges and walls, borders of fields, not unfrequent 
 over Britain. An upright, branching plant, from 3 to 6 feet 
 high, giving out a nauseous smell when bruised ; recognized imme- 
 diately by its polished stem spotted with purple. Leaves large, 
 and divided into many deeply cut lanceolate segments. The 
 larger and smaller umbels many-rayed. Flowers white. Fruit 
 broadly-ovate, with waved ridges. Whole plant highly poisonous. 
 Hedges and waste places about Torquay and Marychurch, etc. 
 Torre Abbey meadow. (E. B. t. 1191.) B. vi. vn. 
 
CALTCIFLOE^l. 55 
 
 SMYRNIUM. ALEXANDERS. 
 
 S. Olusatrum (common A.) In meadows and waste places, 
 waysides and among ruins, especially near the sea. Plant with a 
 stout, furrowed stem, from 2 to 4 feet high ; lower leaves two or 
 three times, upper ones once tern ate, of a yellowish-green colour, 
 having a broad membranous base. Umbels large, roundish, and 
 many-rayed, on stout footstalks ; flowers small, greenish-yellow. 
 Fruit of 2 nearly round lobes, with prominent ribs, nearly black 
 when ripe. Rock walk. Marychurch road. Paignton road, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 230.) A. or B. v. vi. 
 
 SCANDIX. SHEPHERD'S-NEEDLE. 
 
 S. Pecten (common S., or Venus' s- comb.) In waste places 
 and cornfields, abundant. Plant branching or spreading, gene- 
 rally hairy, from 6 inches to a foot high. Leaves 2 or 3 times 
 pinnate. Umbels irregular, but usually 2- or 3-rayed. Flowers 
 white. Fruit laterally compressed, with a long beak, 3 or 4 
 times as long as the rough fruit, having much the appearance of 
 the tooth of a comb. S. Pecten-Veneris, Linn. (E. B. t. 1397.) 
 A. v.-ix. 
 
 ANTHRISCUS. BEAKED-PARSLEY. 
 
 A. sylvestris (wild B.) One of the commonest Umbellifers 
 in England. Under hedges and along the borders of fields. Stem 
 hairy below, smooth above, slightly swollen beneath the joinings ; 
 leaves twice pinnate. Umbels at first rather drooping, numerous, 
 with 8 or 10 rays. Flowers small and white. Fruit smooth and 
 shining, contracted at the top, with no apparent beak. Frequent ; 
 Torquay, Marychurch, Chudleigh, etc. ChcBrophyllum, Linn. 
 (E. B. t. 752.) P. IV.-YI. 
 
 CHERVIL. 
 
 C. temulentum (rough C.} Hedges and thickets, common. 
 Plant from 2 to 3 feet high, rough with short hairs ; leaves 2 or 
 3 times pinnate, with numerous pinnatifid segments, more or less 
 hairy. Umbels at first drooping, of many rays, covered with 
 bristly hairs. Flowers white. Fruit narrow, flask-shaped, ribbed. 
 Fields and hedges, common. Rock walk. Marychurch road, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 1521.) P. vi. vn. 
 
56 CALYCIFLOKJE. 
 
 DAUCUS. CAEEOT. 
 
 1. D. Carota (wild (7.) Pastures, waste places, and borders 
 of fields, common. Plant upright, with a fusiform root ; stem 
 from 9 inches to 2 feet high. Leaves 3-pinnate, with numerous 
 linear acute segments. Umbels large and compact, of numerous 
 white flowers, with usually a central flower of deep crimson. 
 Fruit oblong and covered with prickles. Daddyhole Plain. War- 
 berry Hill. Mary church, etc. (E. B. t. 1174.) B. vi.-vm. 
 
 2. D. maritimus (seaside C.) Smaller than the last, with 
 the leaves somewhat fleshy, with shorter segments, footstalks 
 thicker. Umbels convex or flat when in seed ; flowers entire, 
 white, or with a slight tinge of red. Prickles of the fruit shorter. 
 Seacoasts in the south of England. Cliffs at Meadfoot and Dad- 
 dyhole Plain, and along the coast. D. gummifer, Bab. (E. B. 
 t. 2560.) B. vii. vm. 
 
 TORILIS. HEDGE-PAESLEY. 
 
 1. T. Anthriscus (upright H.) In hedges, by roadsides and 
 waste places. Stem erect, 2 or 3 feet high. Leaves once, or the 
 lower ones twice pinnate. Umbels on long stalks ; flowers red- 
 dish or white. Eruit a small burr, rough with incurved but not 
 hooked bristles. Waldon Hill. Hope's Nose, and common in 
 hedges, etc. (Caucalis,'E. B. t. 987.) A. vii. vni. 
 
 2. T. infesta (spreading IT.) Fields, banks, and roadsides, 
 common. Like the last, but smaller and more spreading. Flowers 
 yellowish- white. Fruit with straight bristles, with a small hook 
 at the top. Cultivated fields near Torquay, etc. (Caucalis, E. 
 B. t. 1314.) A. vii. vni. 
 
 3. T. nodosa (knotted If.) Waste places and by roadsid 
 especially in dry gravelly soil. Stem prostrate. Leaves twice 
 pinnate. Umbels forming little heads. Flowers reddish. Fruit 
 smaller than in the two preceding, the outer ones having bristles 
 but the inner tubercles only. Meadfoot Cliffs. Marychurch. 
 (Caucalis, E. B. t. 199.) A. v.-vn. 
 
 OED. XXXIX. ARALIACE^E. 
 
 ADOXA. MOSCHATEL. 
 A. moschatellina (tuberous M.) Woods and shady hedge- 
 
CALYCIPLOEJE. 57 
 
 banks, common in Britain. A small plant, of a delicate-green 
 colour in all its parts ; stem about 8 inches high ; leaves coming 
 from the root on long footstalks, two or three times divided, with 
 deep 3-lobed segments. Flower-stalk also radical, 4 or 6 inches 
 high, bearing curious-looking little green flowers, in a globular 
 head of five, four of which are placed laterally and are crowned 
 with the fifth. Berry green and fleshy, containing usually but 
 one seed. Bank near the pools by Lisburn Crescent. Totness. 
 Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 453.) P. IT. v. 
 
 HEDERA. IYY. 
 
 H. Helix (common Ivy) In woods, round the stems of 
 trees, on rocks and old walls. A very common, woody, evergreen 
 climber, with leathery oval or heart-shaped leaves of a shining 
 dark green, often streaked with white veins. Flowers small, of a 
 greenish-yellow. Berries smooth and black. Woods, walls, and 
 rocks about Torquay and Babbicombe, etc. (E. B. t. 1267.) 
 Sh. x. xi. 
 
 OED. XL. CORNACE^l, 
 CORNUS. COKNEL, DOGWOOD. 
 
 C. sanguinea (wild C. or D.) In hedges and thickets, abun- 
 dant in the south of England. An arborescent shrub, from 5 to 
 7 feet high, with smooth red branches ; leaves a broad oval shape, 
 opposite and stalked, becoming a deep red before they drop. 
 Flowers in cymes, numerous, of a dull white ; berries dark pur- 
 ple, extremely bitter. Woods and hedges, frequent. Ansti's 
 Cove. Marychurch. (E. B. t. 249.) Sh. vi. 
 
 OED. XLI. LORANTHACEJE. 
 VISCUM. MISTLETOE. 
 
 V. album (common M.) Common in southern and western 
 England. Parasitic, generally on Apple-trees, but sometimes on 
 the Oak. Stems woody when old, with repeatedly- forked 
 branches ; leaves obtusely lanceolate, like the branches, of a sick- 
 Iv-green colour. Flowers yellowish-white, nearly sessile in the 
 forks of the branches. Berries white, semi-transparent. On Ap- 
 ple-trees in the orchard at Ilsham. (E. B. t. 1470.) P. in.-v. 
 
58 CALYCIFLOEJ3. 
 
 ORD. XLIT. CAPRIFOLIACEJE. 
 SAMBUCUS. ELDER. 
 
 1. S. Ebulus (dwarf '.Z?., or Danewort.) Roadsides, wastes, 
 and stony places. A small shrub, from 2 to 3 feet high, with a 
 rough, angular, and furrowed stem. Leaves pinnate, with ser- 
 rated leaflets ; cymes with three principal branches. Flowers 
 purplish. Berries round and nearly black. The plant disagree- 
 able to the smell. Marychurch. (E. B. t. 475.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 2. S. nigra (common E.) In woods, thickets, and waste 
 places, frequent. A small tree, with the stem and branches 
 hollow and filled with white pith; leaves pinnate, with ovate 
 serrated segments. Cymes with 5 main branches. Flowers white 
 or cream-coloured, strongly scented. Fruit black. Hedges and 
 woods about Torquay and Marychurch. (E. B. t. 476.) T. VI. 
 
 VIBURNUM. GUELDER-ROSE. 
 
 1. V. L an tan a (mealy 6r., or Way faring -tree.) Woods and 
 hedges, especially in a limestone soil, frequent. A large and much 
 branched shrub, with the young shoots and leaves very downy. 
 Leaves very broad and serrate, veined, with their under sides 
 mealy. It bears large dense cymes of white flowers, which ripen 
 into purplish-black berries. Ansti's Cove. Meadfoot Cliffs, 
 Torquay. Totness. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 331.) Sh. iv. v. 
 
 2. V. Opulus (common G.) In hedges and coppices, frequent. 
 A small tree, with opposite branches ; leaves 3- to 5-lobed. 
 Flower-cymes large, with white flowers, the outer ones radiant 
 and barren, the inner ones fertile. Berries red. Bradley woods, 
 near Newton. Forde bog. Chudleigh. Holy Street, near Chag- 
 ford, in a bushy place by the Teign. (E. B. t. 332.) T. vi. TII. 
 
 LONICBRA. HONEYSUCKLE. 
 
 !. Periclymenum"(c0wwt0ft H., or Woodbine.) Woods and 
 hedges, very frequent. A woody climbing plant, spreading itself 
 over bushes, trees, and rocks to a great extent. Leaves broadly 
 ovate, the lower ones stalked, the upper ones closely sessile. 
 Flowers pale yellow or reddish, in sessile, terminal heads. 
 Berries red. Park Hill wood. Bushy places about Meadfoot. 
 Ansti's Cove, etc. (E. B. t. 800.) Sh. vi.-ix. 
 
CALYCIFLOBJE. 59 
 
 ORD. XLIII. 
 
 RUBIA. MADDEE. 
 
 R. peregrina (wild M.) In dry woods and rocky places in 
 the south-west of England. A very straggling plant, frequently 
 trailing over hedges to the extent of many feet, fastening itself 
 by its recurved prickles at the edges of its whorled leaves. 
 Flowers very small and green, in loose panicles. Fruit a small 
 two-lobed rough berry. In nearly every hedge about Torquay. 
 Plentiful on the Eock walk. (E. B. t. 851.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 GALIUM. BEDSTEAW. 
 
 1. G. verum (yellow B.) On dry banks and pastures, sandy 
 places and seashores, common. Stem from 6 inches to 1 foot 
 high ; leaves in whorls of from 6 to 8, slightly rough on their 
 edges. Flowers small and numerous, forming a yellow terminal 
 panicle. Torquay and Paignton, very common. (E. B. t. 660.) 
 P. YII. vui. 
 
 2. G. cmciatum (Crossivort B., Mugwort.) Hedges and 
 thickets, frequent. Leaves 4 in a whorl, hairy. Stem simple, 
 from 1 to 2 feet high. Flowers small and yellow, in little leafy 
 clusters. Fruit small and smooth. Warberry Hill. Barton. 
 Teignmouth road, etc. (E. B. t. 143.) P. v. vi. 
 
 3. G. saxatile (smooth heath B.) In open heaths and 
 mountainous pastures, very frequent. Plant 5 or 6 inches high, 
 much branched, and leafy, with about 6 leaves in a whorl, the 
 lower leaves small and ovate, the upper narrow, all having a 
 little point at their extremity. Flowers in terminal panicles, 
 numerous. Fruit small and granulated. Babbicombe Down. 
 Forde, near Newton. Milber Down. Open places about Chag- 
 ford, etc. (E. B. t. 815.) P. vn. Tin. 
 
 4. G. uliginosum (rough marsh B.) Swampy meadows and 
 sides of ditches. Distinguished from G. saxatile by its stem 
 being rough on the angles. Terminal panicles small and few- 
 flowered. Fruit dark-brown. Berry Pomeroy woods. Banks 
 of Dart, near Totness, Fl. D. Banks of Teign, near Gridleigh. 
 (E. B. t. 1972.) P. vn. vin. 
 
 5. G. palustre (white ivater B.) In marshes and wet places, 
 frequently growing completely in the water. A weak and slender 
 plant ; stems about 1 foot long, with usually leaves of 4 in a 
 whorl, without any points at their tips. Flowers small and white. 
 
60 CALTCIFLOEJE. 
 
 Fruit small. Frequent in wet places. Forde bog, ne-ar Newton. 
 (E. B. t. 1857.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 6. G. Aparine (Goose-grass or Cleavers) In hedges and 
 thickets, etc., very abundant. A straggling, scrambling plant, 
 often several feet long, clinging to the branches of bushes by the 
 rough prickles on the angles of its stem and the edges of its 
 leaves. Leaves from 6 to 8 in a whorl. Flowers greenish-white, 
 in cymes. Fruit covered with little hooked bristles, fastening 
 readily to the coats of animals. Common in nearly every hedge. 
 (E. B. t. 816.) A. VI.-VIH. 
 
 7. G. Mollugo (great hedge B.) In hedges, thickets, and 
 pastures. Stems from 1 to 3 feet long. Leaves 8 in a whorl, 
 rough, terminated by a little point. Flowers in panicles, white 
 and numerous. Fruit small and smooth. Woods and hedges, 
 very common. (E. B. t. 1673.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 SHERARDXA. SHEEAEDIA, FIELD MADDEE. 
 
 S. arvensis (blue S.) In cornfields and dry pastures. A 
 small plant, seldom so much as 6 inches high, Leaves about 6 
 in a whorl, linear, rough on the edges, and ending in a fine 
 point. Flowers small, in terminal heads, either blue or pink. 
 Has much the appearance of a small G-alium. Fields about 
 Torquay and Marychurch, very common. (E. B. t. 891.) A. 
 V.-VII. 
 
 ASPERULA. WOODEUFF. 
 
 1. A. odorata (sweet W.) In woods and shady places. 
 Plant from 6 inches to a foot high. Leaves generally 8 in a 
 whorl, lanceolate, slightly rough at the edges. Flowers white, 
 in a loose cyme. The whole plant, especially when drying, 
 smells like new-made hay. Chudleigh. Lustleigh. Exmouth. 
 M. D. (E. B. t. 755.) P. v. vi. 
 
 2. A. cynanchica (small W., S^inancy-wort.) On dry, 
 warm banks, pastures, and limestone hills. A smooth plant, 
 with but few leaves, 6 or 8 inches high. Leaves narrow, linear, 
 the lower ones 4 and the upper 2 in a whorl. Flowers white, 
 with a tinge of lilac. Fruit small. Warberry Hill. Berry Head. 
 (E. B. t. 33.) P. vi. vn. 
 
CALTCIFLOE^:. 61 
 
 OED. XLIY. VALERLOTACEJE. 
 CENTRANTHUS. SPUK-VALEBIAN. 
 
 C. rnber (red Spur- Valerian.} On old walls, rocks, and in 
 stony places. Plant from 12 to 18 inches or 2 feet high ; stems 
 numerous ; leaves smooth, ovate-lanceolate, the lower ones en- 
 tire, upper often toothed. Flowers red, sometimes white, in 
 dense cymes. Tube of the corolla with a spur. Fruit with a 
 feathery pappus. Common on rocks, and on nearly every old 
 wall about Torquay. Exeter, Dawlish, Teignmouth, Dartmouth, 
 Fl. D. Valeriana "rubra, Linn. (E. B. t. 1531.) P.VI.-IX. 
 
 VALERZANA. VALEKIAN. 
 
 1. V. dioica (small marsh V.) Marshy meadows, not un- 
 frequent. Several erect flowering stems, 6 to 8 inches high, are 
 sent off from the same root. The root-leaves on long stalks, 
 ovate, entire ; those of the stem pinnate. Flowers in terminal 
 corymbs, small, pale-rose colour. Milber Down. Forde bog, 
 near Newton. Marychurch, Rev. A. fleck, in Fl. J). (E. B. t. 
 628.) P. Y. vi. 
 
 2. V. officinalis (great wild T.) Sides of ditches and 
 rivers, in moist situations and damp woods, very frequent. Sterne 
 much larger than the last, from 2 to 4 feet high. Leaves pinnate, 
 with from 9 to 21 lanceolate segments ; the upper leaves few and 
 distant. Flowers small, pinkish- white. A very handsome-looking 
 plant. Side of a stream at the back of Forde House, Newton. 
 Forde bog. Side of Stover canal. (E. B. t. 698.) P. vi. VH. 
 
 FEDIA. COKN-SALAD. 
 
 1. P. olitoria (common (7., or LamUs- Lettuce.) Waste 
 places, hedges, and cornfields. An insignificant-looking plant, 
 seldom more than 6 inches high, branching at the base and re- 
 peatedly forked. Leaves opposite, oblong. Flowers in terminal 
 heads, of a pale-blue colour. Fruit roundish, 3-celled. Common 
 in fields on the Warberry Hill, etc. (E. B. t. 811.) Valerianella, 
 Bab. A. v. TI. 
 
 2. F. dentata (smooth narrow-fruited C) Hedge-banks and 
 cornfields, not so common as the last. Stem erect ; leaves small 
 and narrow. Flowers flesh-coloured, single, in the division of 
 
62 CALYCIFLOK2E. 
 
 the stem. Fruit oval, crowned with the 4-toothed calyx. Vale- 
 rianella, Bab. Warberry Hill. Marychurch. Moreton, N. 
 Bovey, Lustleigh, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 1370.) A. vi. vn. 
 
 OBD. XLY. DIPSACEJE, 
 DIPSACUS. TEASEL. 
 
 1. D. fullonum (fuller's T.) On hedge-banks and waste 
 places, scarcely wild, differing only from the next in the scales of 
 the seed-vessel being hooked at the extremity. Used in the dressing 
 of cloth. Hedge between Exminster and Alphington, Fl. D. 
 (E. B. t. 2080.) B. vin. ix. 
 
 2. D. sylvestris (wild T.) By roadsides and in waste 
 places, frequent. Plant 4 or 5 feet high ; the stems, midribs of 
 the leaves, leafstalks, and involucres set with numerous prickles ; 
 leaves opposite, sessile, coarsely toothed. Flowers pale lilac ; the 
 flower-heads large and conical. Scales of the seed-vessel straight, 
 ending in a fine point. Between Meadfoot and Hope's Nose. 
 Paignton. Chudleigh. Exminster, Exeter, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 
 1032.) B. vin. ix. 
 
 SO ABI OSA. S C ABIOUS. 
 
 1. S. succisa (devils-bit S.) Meadows and pastures. 
 Plant from 12 inches to 2 feet high, with stalked, oblong, entire 
 radical leaves, and with from 1 to 5 heads of deep-blue flowers, 
 on long footstalks.^ Corolla 4-cleft. Eoot abruptly broken off, 
 as if it had been bitten, whence its English name. Ansti's Cove, 
 on the rocks dividing the white beach from the cove. (E. B. t. 
 878.) P. vii.-x. 
 
 2. S. Columbaria (small S.) Waste places and pastures, 
 very frequent. Plant 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves pinnate ; stem- 
 leaves few. Flowers pale purplish-blue, 5-lobed. Common in 
 fields and waysides about Torquay and Marychurch. Teign- 
 mouth. Dawhsh, etc. (E. B. t. 1311.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 KNAUTIA. KNAUTIA. 
 
 K. arvensis (field K.} Fields and pastures, common. Stem, 
 from 2 to 3 feet high, hairy and branched, with but few pinna- 
 tifid leaves, but with many lanceolate radical leaves. Flowers 
 
CALTCIFLOE2E. 63 
 
 purple, in large convex heads, on long stalks ; corolla 4-cleft. In 
 cornfields and pastures everywhere. (E. B. t. 659.) Scabiosa, 
 Linn. P. vn.-ix. 
 
 OED. XLYI. COMPOSITE. 
 
 The student will, in investigating the plants belonging to this 
 Order, as in the case of the Umbellifers, be greatly assisted by a 
 reference to the plates in Hooker and Arnott's British Flora, 
 t. 3 A, and t. 4 and 5. 
 
 TEIBE I. CICHOBACE-E. 
 
 TRAGOPOGON. GOAT'S-BEARD. 
 
 T. pratensis (yellow G.) Meadows and pastures, frequent. 
 A coarse grassy-looking plant, from 1 to 2 feet high, with long, 
 undivided, channelled leaves ; flower-stalks slightly thickened at 
 the summits, with a single head of yellow flowers. Head of 
 seeds large ; pappus very feathery, raised upon a long stalk. 
 The flower closes every day before noon. Turf in Apsley House 
 ground. Park Hill, just by the flagstaff. Meadow in front 
 of Torre Abbey. Chudleigh. Totness, etc. (E. B. 434.) B. or 
 P. vi. vii. 
 
 HELMIWTHIA. OX-TONGUE. 
 
 H. echioides (bristly 0.) On hedge-banks, borders of fields 
 and waste places. A coarse plant, growing to 2 or 3 feet high, 
 with a rough, hairy stem, and large, lanceolate, clasping leaves, 
 very rough on their upper sides. Flower-heads small, and 
 crowded on short stalks ; flowers yellow. Seeds with a feathery 
 pappus. Walks above Meadfoot. Cliffs by the side of the New 
 road, Torquay. Babbicombe. Road between Totness and 
 Stoke Gabriel. Cliffs at Exmouth, FL D. Picris, Linn. (E. B. 
 t. 972.) A. YII-IX. 
 
 PICRIS. PICRIS. 
 
 P. hieracioides (Hawbweed P.) Under hedges, by road- 
 sides and waste places, common. Plant from 2 to 3 feet high ; 
 stem rough with short minutely-hooked hairs ; leaves lanceolate 
 and coarsely toothed. The lower leaves with stalks ; the upper 
 
64 CALYCIFLOE2E. 
 
 clasping the stem. Flowers yellow ; the heads collected into an 
 imperfect corymb. Meadfoot Cliffs and Lincombe Hill. Road- 
 sides about Torquay. (E. B. t. 196.) B. YII.-IX. 
 
 APARGIA. HAWKBIT. 
 
 1. A. hispida (rough H.) In meadows and pastures, com- 
 mon. The whole plant more or less hairy. Leaves growing from 
 the root, long and narrow and coarsely toothed. Flower-stalk 
 erect, about 6 inches high, swollen at the top, with one large 
 flower-head. Flowers yellow. Involucre of flowers hairy. Fre- 
 quent about Torquay. Teignbridge. Sands at Exmouth, Mr. 
 Jacob, in Fl. D. (E. B. t. 554.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 2. A. autumnalis (autumnal H.) Fields, roadsides and 
 waste places, very frequent. Leaves all radical, linear-lanceolate, 
 deeply toothed, not hairy. Flower-stems erect, with one or two 
 single-headed branches, with small scales. Flowers yellow, those 
 of the circumference inclining to red. Near Barton. (E. B. t. 
 830.) P. vm. 
 
 THRINCIA. THRINCTA. 
 
 T. hirta (liairy T.) In dry open pastures and moors, fre- 
 quent. Leaves coming from the root, lance-shaped, sometimes 
 quite entire, at others slightly toothed, somewhat hairy ; flower- 
 stalks about 6 inches high, each with a single head of bright 
 yellow flowers. Root having the appearance of being bitten off. 
 Neighbourhood t of Torquay, etc. Hedypnois. (E. B. t. 555.) 
 P. vn.-ix. 
 
 HYPOCHGERIS. CAT'S-EAK. 
 
 H. radicata (long-rooted C.) Meadows, pastures, and way- 
 sides, frequent. Leaves radical, hairy, spreading, long and nar- 
 row, more or less indented. Flower-stem from 1 to 2 feet high, 
 sometimes branched, thickening upwards, and bearing a large 
 head of yellow flowers. Fruits beaked. Common everywhere 
 in the neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 831.) P. TO. 
 
 SONCHUS. SOW-THISTLE. 
 1. S. palustris (tall marsh S.) In marshes, the edges of 
 
CALTCIFLOE^!. 65 
 
 ponds and wet ditches. A tall plant, from 5 to 8 feet high, with 
 long, narrow, clasping leaves, 8 or 10 inches long, with acutely 
 pointed auricles. Flower-heads corymbose ; flowers yellow and 
 numerous. Banks of the Exe, near Powderham, Fl. D. (E. B. 
 t. 935.) P. vii. vin. 
 
 2. S. arvensis (corn S.) Frequent in cornfields. Plant 
 from 2 to 3 feet high. Leaves toothed and clasping the stem, 
 with short and blunt auricles ; the lower leaves stalked. Flower- 
 heads in loose terminal panicles ; flowers bright-yellow. The 
 whole plant rough with brown or black glandular hairs. Feathers 
 of the seed white and silky. Warberry Hill, Torquay, etc. (E. 
 B. t. 674.) P. vin. ix. 
 
 3. S. oleraceus (common annual S.) Cultivated ground and 
 waste places, very common. Plant from 1 to 3 or 4 feet high, 
 with a thick hollow stem, generally smooth ; lower leaves stalked 
 and deeply divided ; upper ones lanceolate and clasping the stem. 
 Flower-heads rather small, set in an umbel-like arrangement ; 
 flowers pale-yellow ; seeds bearing a snow-white pappus. Fields 
 and banks about Torquay and Marychurch. (E. B. t. 843.) A. 
 
 4. S. asper (sharp-fringed annual S.) Growing in similar 
 situations to the last, of which it appears to be merely a variety, 
 having the leaves more sharply toothed, and the auricles broader, 
 and set with more prickly teeth. Fruit without the transverse 
 wrinkles of S. oleraceus. Chudleigh. (E. B. S. t. 2765, 2766.) 
 A. VI.-TIII. 
 
 CREPIS. HAWK'S-BEARD. 
 
 C. virens (smooth H.} In pastures, on dry banks, roofs of 
 cottages, and by roadsides, common. Plant from 1 to 3 feet higli, 
 branched and nearly smooth. Leaves somewhat lanceolate, pinnati- 
 fid. Root-leaves stalked, upper ones linear and clasping. Flower- 
 heads small, in loose panicles ; flowers yellow. Seeds oblong, 
 shorter than their pappus. Common about Torquay, etc. (C. 
 tectorum, E. B. t. 1111.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 X.EONTODON. DANDELION. 
 
 L. Taraxacum (common D.) Waysides, meadows, and pas- 
 tures, common. A plant of very variable appearance ; leaves all 
 growing from the root, generally deeply pinnatifid, with broad 
 triangular lobes, pointing backwards; but sometimes long and 
 
66 CALTCIELOE^). 
 
 lance-shaped and scarcely, if at all, cut. The flower-stalk pro- 
 ceeds also from the root, and rises from 2 to 6 or 8 inches high, 
 bearing a large head of yellow florets, which when ripe forms a 
 globular head of delicate feathered seeds. This and var. /3 grow 
 abundantly in the neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 510, 553.) P. m.-x. 
 
 KIERACIUM. HAWKWEED. 
 
 1. H. Pilosella (common mouse-ear H.) In dry pastures, 
 on banks and roadsides. Plant from 3 to 6 inches high. Root 
 giving off creeping scions; leaves radical, lanceolate, tapering 
 towards the stem, having a few hairs on their upper surface, but 
 with a white down on their under sides. Flower-stalks with a 
 single head of light-yellow flowers, frequently tinged with red on 
 the outside. Daddyhole Plain. Babbicombe, etc. (E. B. t. 
 1093.) P. v.-vin. 
 
 2. H. murorum (wall H.) On banks and old walls, in 
 meadows and pastures. Flower-stems erect, from 1 to 2 feet 
 high, with one or two leaves rising out of a spreading tuft of ra- 
 dical leaves, rather large and ovate, coarsely toothed ; flower-heads 
 large and yellow, generally 3 or 4, but sometimes many more, in 
 a loose terminal corymb. Banks, old walls, and rocks about Tor- 
 quay. High Tor rocks. Rocks near Dunsford, Fl. D. (E.B.t. 
 2082.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 3. H. umbellatum (narrow-leaved H.) In woods, hedges, 
 and stony places, not uncommon. Root forming buds in the 
 autumn, which do not expand into a tuft of spreading leaves, but 
 in the following summer rise up into a leafy, erect stem, from 1 
 to 4 feet high, spreading out at the top into an umbel-like corymb 
 of 5 or more flower-heads, bearing yellow florets. Leaves of the 
 flower-stem linear or nearly so, coarsely toothed, nearly sessile. 
 Holne Chase. Ivybridge. Near Dartmouth Castle. Gidleigh, 
 near Chagford. Fingle bridge, on the Teign. (E. B. t. 1771.) P. 
 vn.-ix, 
 
 4. H. boreale (shrublylroad-leaved H.) In woods and shady 
 places, or under hedges. Plants from 2 to 4 feet high. Stem 
 leafy ; leaves oval-lance-shaped, upper ones sessile, lower almost 
 narrowed into a stalk. Flower-heads in a leafy corymb ; flowers 
 pale-yellow. Ivybridge. N. Bovey, Hermock, Fl. D. (E. B., H. 
 Subaudum, t. 349.) P. Tin. ix. 
 
 LAPSANA. NIPPLE-WORT. 
 Id. communis (common N.) Common on hedge-banks, waste 
 
CALTCIFLOR^l. 67 
 
 places, and roadsides. Plant from 2 to 4 feet high, hairy at the 
 base. Leaves thin and hairy ; lower ones ovate, distantly toothed ; 
 upper small, narrow and entire. Flower-heads on slender stalks, 
 in a loose corymb ; flowers small and yellow. Seed not feathered. 
 Common everywhere. (E. B. t. 844.) A. vn. vm. 
 
 CICHORIUM. CHICOEY, SUCCORY. 
 
 C. Intybus (wild Chicory, or S.) In dry waste places, road- 
 sides, and borders of fields. Stem from 2 to 3 feet high, covered 
 with bristly hairs, rising from a long tapering root. Lower leaves 
 long and jagged, spreading on the ground ; upper leaves oblong, 
 clasping the stem, and with smooth edges. Flower-heads in 
 pairs, sessile between the leaves and the stem ; flowers of a pale 
 but bright blue. Seeds smooth and closely packed in the dry in- 
 volucre. Side of the lane leading to Forde bog, near Newton. 
 Teignmouth. Kingskerswell. Lanes about Paignton. (E. B. t. 
 539.) P. vn. Tin. 
 
 TRIBE II. CYNAROCEPHAL-E. ARTICHOKE OR THISTLE TRIBE. 
 ARCTIU1K. BURDOCK. 
 
 A. Lap pa (common B.) By roadsides and in waste places, 
 very frequent. A stout, strong, branching plant, from 3 to 5 feet 
 high ; the lower leaves large and heart-shaped, stalked ; upper 
 leaves much smaller and broadly oval, green and smooth above, 
 but covered with a white cottony down beneath. Flower-heads 
 panicled, the small reddish-purple florets crowning the hairy glo- 
 bular involucres : these last downy and covered with hooked scales 
 which cause them to fasten themselves to one's clothes or the 
 coats of animals. Common everywhere by waysides. (E. B. t. 
 1228.) B. vm. 
 
 SERRATULA. SAWWORT. 
 
 S. tinctoria (common S.) In thickets, open woods, and moist 
 pastures. Plant from 1 to 3 feet high, not much branched ; the 
 lower leaves more or less pinnate, with long lance-shaped, pointed, 
 and finely-toothed segments. Flower-heads in a corymb, crowning 
 the stem ; flowers purple, the male flowers longer than the female. 
 Involucres small. Ilsham, near Torquay. Marychurch. Bovey 
 Heath. (E. B. t. 38.) P. vm. 
 
CALYCIFLOBJE. 
 
 CAHDUUS. THISTLE. 
 
 1. C. xmtans (musk T.) In waste places, frequent in the 
 south of England. A stout strong plant, from 2 to 3 feet high j 
 leaves sinuate, deeply cut and spinous. Mower-heads large, and 
 nodding over; florets reddish-purple. Torquay. Marychurch, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 1112.) B. v.-vm. 
 
 2. C. acanthoides (welted T.} Roadsides and waste places. 
 Resembling the last, but taller and more branched, leaves narrower, 
 and both they and the stem more thickly covered with prickles. 
 Flower-heads smaller and not drooping so much. Flowers deep 
 purple. Marychurch. Watcombe. Chudleigh. Paignton. (E. 
 B. t. 973.) Carduus crispus, Bab. B. vm. 
 
 3. C. tenuiflorus (slender-flowered T.) Sandy places and 
 waste ground, near the sea. Stem from 2 to 4 feet high, having 
 broad, deeply cut, spinous wings throughout its entire length, 
 formed by the decurrent bases of the leaves, which are broadly 
 lanceolate, sinuate, and spinous, their under sides cottony. 
 Flower-heads numerous, crowded together, narrow and sessile ; 
 florets pink. Babbicombe Down. Berry Pomeroy Castle. Wat- 
 combe. (E. B. t. 412.) A. or B. vi.-vm. 
 
 4. C. Marianus (milk T.) Sides of cliffs and waste places. 
 Stem from 3 to 5 feet high, ribbed and furrowed, but not winged. 
 Leaves large and broad, oblong- lanceolate, clasping the stem, 
 beautifully variegated with green and milk-white veins. Flower- 
 heads large and globular, with long recurved spines from the 
 scales of the involucre. Florets purple, with long tubes. Rocky 
 Valley. Babbicombe. Watcombe. Chudleigh Rocks. (E. B. 
 t. 976.) Silybum, Bab. B. vi. vil. 
 
 CNIOUS. PLUME-THISTLE. 
 
 1. C. lanceolatus (spear Plume- Thistle.) Pastures and 
 roadsides. Plant from 3 to 4 feet high ; stem upright, and armed 
 with long, pinnatifid, thorny leaves, which are white and downy 
 on their under surface. Heads of flowers single and large ; scales 
 of the involucres spear-shaped and spreading ; florets purple. 
 Common by waysides, etc. Carduus, Linn. (E. B. t. 107.) B. 
 
 VII. VIII. 
 
 2. C. palustris (marsh P.) In wet meadows, and by moist 
 shady banks. Plant from 4 to 6 feet high ; stem clothed with 
 numerous short and sharp spines ; leaves pinnatifid, lanceolate, 
 spinous, spreading back on to the stem at their base. Flower- 
 
CALYCIFLORJE. 69 
 
 heads in a thickly aggregated cluster, with ovate involucres ; 
 florets purple, sometimes white. Very common in moist situa- 
 tions. Carduus, Linn. (E. B. t. 974.) A. vn. vm. 
 
 3. C. arvensis (creeping P.) In fields and by roadsides. 
 Plant from 3 to 4 feet high ; stem angular, leafy ; leaves oblong- 
 lanceolate, spinous, sessile, pinnatifid ; flower-heads in an im- 
 perfect corymb ; florets purple ; involucres ovate. Very common 
 everywhere. (Carduus, E. B. t. 975.) P. vn. 
 
 4. C. eriophorus (woolly -headed P.) In waste grounds and 
 by roadsides. Plant from 3 to 4 feet high ; stem stout, much 
 branched and furrowed ; root-leaves very long, pinnatifid, with 
 lobes pointing alternately up and down, spinous ; stem-leaves 
 smaller, but having the same characters, cottony beneath, and 
 half clasping the stem. Flower-heads large and globose ; florets 
 purple. Frequent. Watcombe. (Carduus, E. B. t. 386.) B. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 5. C. pratensis (meadow P.) In wet meadows. Stem from 
 1 to 2 feet high, cottony, bearing a single head of florets. Leaves 
 nearly all radical, lance-shaped, toothed, and bordered with 
 small, sharp prickles, sessile and cottony beneath. Flower-heads 
 solitary, roundish, slightly cottony ; florets purple. Marychurch. 
 Moist meadows, near Torre Abbey. (Carduus, E. B. t. 177.) 
 P. YI.-YIH. 
 
 6. C. acaulis (dwarf P.) In dry limestone pastures. This 
 plant may be said to have no stem, the flower-head arising from 
 the midst of the spreading root-leaves, winch are oblong and 
 pinnately divided ; the lobes three times cut, and spinous. Flower- 
 head nearly sessile ; involucre ovate ; florets spreading, purple. 
 Babbicombe and Ilshain Downs, formerly, but not met with for 
 the last two or three years. Carduus, Linn. (E. B. t. 161.) P. 
 vn.-ix. 
 
 ONOPORDUM. COTTON-THISTLE. 
 
 O. Acanthium (common Cotton-Thistle.} In waste grounds 
 and by roadsides. Plant from 4 to 5 feet high, with a branched, 
 woolly and winged stem, bearing sharp spines ; leaves ovate-ob- 
 long, prickly and woolly on both sides. Involucre large and 
 round ; scales armed with sharp teeth. Florets purple. Mead- 
 foot. (E. B. t. 977.) B. vni. 
 
 CARLINA. CAELINE-THISTLE. 
 
 C. vulgaris (common C.) In dry fields and hilly pastures. 
 About a foot high, stem woolly with short spines, branching at 
 
70 CALTCIFLOE^l. 
 
 the top. Radical leaves spear-shaped, spinous ; stem-leaves 
 clasping, cottony on their under sides. Flower-heads large; 
 inner scales of the involucre cream-coloured ; florets red, with 
 yellow anthers. Fields about Torquay. Stentaway Hill. Bab- 
 bicombe Down. (E. B. t. 1144.) B. vn.-x. 
 
 CENTAUFiEA. KNAPWEED, BLUE-BOTTLE, AND 
 STAR-THISTLE. 
 
 1. C. nigra (black discoid Knapiveed.) In meadows and by 
 roadsides, frequent. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, branched; 
 branches bearing one flower-head. Lower leaves stalked, lan- 
 ceolate, sometimes entire and sometimes deeply notched ; upper 
 leaves sessile. Flower-heads large and round ; florets purple, 
 the outer row spreading. Hedges and fields, very common. (E. 
 B. t. 278.) P. vui. ix. 
 
 2. C. scabiosa (greater K.) Fields, hedges, and banks. 
 From 2 to 3 feet high ; stem erect, much-branched, rough and 
 furrowed. Leaves pinnatifid, rather rough ; segments lanceolate, 
 pointed. Heads on long, leafless stalks, solitary ; involucre large, 
 nearly round, and generally rather woolly. Florets purple, the 
 outer row spreading out in rays around the top of the involucre. 
 Fields about Torquay and Marychurch. Warberry Hill. Mead- 
 foot Cliffs. (E. B. t. 56.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 3. C. Cyanus (corn Bluebottle.) In cornfields, common. 
 Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, branched, cottony. Leaves nume- 
 rous, linear-lanceolate ; root-leaves slightly toothed ; both stem 
 and leaves downy. Flower-heads solitary ; involucre oblong ; 
 inner florets purple, outer row large and spreading, bright-blue. 
 Cornfields, common. (E. B. t. 277.) A. vi.-vm. 
 
 4. C. Calcitiapa (common Star-T7iistle.) Gravelly and sandy 
 places. About a foot high ; stem branched, furrowed and 
 slightly hairy. Root-leaves deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolate 
 segments ; stem-leaves not so deeply cut, with linear lobes. 
 Flower-heads sessile, the scales of the involucre ending in long 
 sharp points ; florets purple. Exmouth Sands, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 
 125.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 TRIBE III. COEYMBIFEE^E. 
 
 SUBTBIBE 1. TUBIFLOE^;. 
 
 BIDBNS. BTJR-MARiaOLD. 
 1. B. cernua (nodding B.) Sides of ditches and in marshy 
 
CALYCIFLOBjE. 71 
 
 places. Plant from 1 to 3 feet high ; stem branching. Leaves 
 clasping the stem, lanceolate, coarsely serrated; flower-heads 
 terminal, drooping ; involucre surrounded by long lanceolate 
 bracteas. Florets of a dull greenish-yellow. Goodrington Marsh. 
 (E. B. t. 1114.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 2. B. tripartita (trifid B,) In marshy places, by sides of 
 ponds and lakes. From 1 to 3 feet high. Leaves on short- 
 stalks, and divided into three lanceolate and serrated segments. 
 Flower-heads terminal, smaller than in the last, slightly droop- 
 ing ; florets brownish-yellow. Ditches about Chudleigh, Fl. D. 
 (E. B. t. 1113.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 TANACETUIV1. TANSY. 
 
 T. vulg-are (common Tansy.) Under hedges, by roadsides, 
 and in waste places. Plant from 1 to 3 feet high ; stem erect, 
 not much branched, very leafy. Leaves twice pinnatifid, with 
 serrated segments. Flower-heads in a terminal corymb ; flowers 
 bright golden-yellow. Involucre hemispherical. Babbicombe. 
 Newton road, between Kingskerswell and Newton. Lane by the 
 side of the cricket-ground at Highweek. (E. B. t. 1229.) P. 
 
 TIL VIII. 
 
 ARTEMISIA. WORMWOOD, SOUTHERNWOOD, 
 MUaWORT. 
 
 1. A. vulgaris (common Mugivort.) By sides of hedges and 
 in waste places, common. Plant from 2 to 3 feet high, with a- 
 short, woody, and thick stock, throwing off erect flowering stems ; 
 leaves deeply pinnatifid, with lanceolated, coarsely-toothed seg- 
 ments, green on their upper, but very white on their under sur- 
 faces. Flower-heads in a long terminal cluster ; involucres ovoid 
 and cottony ; florets reddish or brownish-yellow, from 12 to 20 
 in each head. Torre Abbey, and waste places near Torquay. 
 Marychurch. Teignmouth, etc. (E. B. t, 978.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 2. A. Absinthium (common Wormwood.) By roadsides and 
 in waste places, frequent. Growing from 1 to 3 feet in height ; 
 stock short, branched, and leafy, with erect and hard flowering 
 stems ; whole plant covered with a soft silky down, which gives 
 it a greyish-white appearance. Leaves, in their general contour, 
 almost round, but very much divided into linear-oblong seg- 
 ments ; uppermost leaves oblong, nearly entire. Flower-heads 
 numerous, in terminal, leafy clusters, drooping, nearly round ; 
 
72 CALYCIFLOK-3I. 
 
 florets of a dingy-yellow colour. Near Hope's Kose. (E. B. t. 
 1230.) P. YIII. ix. 
 
 3. A. maritima (sea Wormtvood.) On the seashore and in 
 salt-marshes. A very much branched, decumbent plant, more 
 or less covered with a thick, white, cottony down. Leaves twice 
 pinnate ; segments nearly linear. Flower-heads in drooping 
 clusters, oblong ; florets from 3 to 6, pale dingy-yellow. The 
 variety A. Gallica (E. B. t. 1001) is frequently found growing 
 side by side with this. Paignton. Gfoodrington Marsh. Teign- 
 rnouth, on the waste ground under the sea-wall. (E. B. 1. 1706.) 
 P. VIII. IX. 
 
 EUPATORITJM. HEMP-AGRIMONY. 
 
 33. cannabinuHi (common H.) Sides of rivers and ditches. 
 Stems numerous, from 2 to 4 feet high, branched, downy. 
 Leaves on very short stalks, opposite, downy, 3 or 5 times di- 
 vided ; leaf- segments lanceolate and deeply notched. Flowers 
 very numerous, in a densely crowded corymb, pale reddish- 
 purple. Ansti's Cove lane. Side of the Paignton road. (E. B. 
 t. 428.) P. VIL-IX. 
 
 X.INOSYRXS. GOLDILOCKS. 
 
 L. vulgar is (flax-leaved Gr.) On limestone cliffs, very local. 
 Plant from 6 inches to more than a foot high; stem erect, 
 crowded with numerous narrow- linear leaves. Flower-heads in 
 a thickly aggregated terminal corymb ; florets of a bright golden 
 yellow. Berry Head, plentiful. Chrysocoma IAno$yri9, Linn. 
 (E. B. t. 2505.) A. vm. ix. 
 
 GNAPHAIiIUM. CUDWEED. 
 
 G. uliginosum (marsh O.) In wet, sandy fields. Plant about 
 6 or 7 inches high, much branched, cottony. Leaves narrow- 
 oblong or linear, few. Flower-heads in small clusters within the 
 tufts of leaves at the extremities of the branches ; florets of a. 
 shining yellowish-brown. Paignton. Ilsham. Goodrington. 
 (E. B. 1. 1194.) A. VH.-IX. 
 
 FIL.AGO. FILAGO. 
 1. P. minima (least Filago.) In dry and gravelly places. 
 
CALYCIFLOEJ:. 73 
 
 A very slender plant, with an erect, cottony stem, irregularly 
 branched at the top. Leaves also cottony, linear-lanceolate, 
 and pressed up toward the stem. Flower-heads small and nu- 
 merous, in little axillary bunches ; florets of a pale-yellow. Ex- 
 mouth Warren. Middledon Down, near Chagford. (Gnapha- 
 Uwn, E. B. t. 1157.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 2. F. Germanica (common F.) In dry fields and stony or 
 sandy waste places. Stem from 6 to 8 inches high, with nu- 
 merous upright, cottony, lanceolate or linear leaves ; a roundish 
 cluster of flower-heads crowns the main stems, from beneath 
 which 2 or 3 branches radiate, each bearing a similar cluster of 
 flowers ; florets pale-yellow. Yery common. Park Hill. War- 
 berry Hill, etc. (G-naphalium, E. B. t. 946.) A. YII.-IX. 
 
 PETASITES. BUTTEE-BUE. 
 
 P. vulgar is (common IB.) In wet meadows and by roadsides. 
 This plant has an extensively creeping root, sometimes extending 
 for many yards. Leaves very large, spreading on the ground, 
 roundish heart-shaped, unequally toothed, and downy beneath. 
 Flowers, which appear before the leaves, on stems from 4 to 8 
 inches high, in numerous flower-heads of a dull flesh- colour. 
 The sweet Coltsfoot (Tussilago fragrans) grows also very plen- 
 tifully about Torquay. Tussilago Petasites, Linn. (E. B. t. 431.) 
 P. in.-v. 
 
 SUBTBIBE 2. 
 
 TUSSILAGO. COLTSFOOT. 
 
 T. Parfara (Coltsfoot.) In moist clayey waste and cultivated 
 ground. Eoots creeping. Leaves roundish heart-shaped, an- 
 gular, toothed, downy on the under surface and slightly so on 
 the upper ; flowers appear before the leaves in solitary heads 
 with florets of a bright yellow colour. Fields and roadsides, too 
 common. (E. B. t. 429.) P. in. IT. 
 
 ASTER. STAEWOET, MICHAELMAS-DAISY. 
 
 A. Tripolium (sea S., or M.) In salt-marshes and muddy 
 banks of tidal rivers. Stem about 1 foot high, slightly branched. 
 Leaves succulent, sessile, linear-lanceolate, not hairy. Flower- 
 
74 CALTCIFLOEJi:. 
 
 heads in a close corymb ; outer florets bluish- purple, inner florets 
 yellow. Banks of the Dart, near Sharpham. (E. B. t. 87.) P. 
 
 SOLIDAGO. GOLDEN-EOD. 
 
 S. Virgaurea (common 6r.) In woods and thickets. Plant 
 from 6 inches to 2 feet or more high ; stem upright, rigid, gene- 
 rally slightly downy. Lower leaves stalked, ovate, ending in a 
 point, slightly serrate : stem-leaves lanceolate, tapering towards 
 the stem, but not stalked. Flower-heads in a crowded panicle ; 
 florets bright yellow, outer ones radiating. Park Hill, near the 
 Quarry. Warberry Hill. Petit Tor. (E. B. t. 301.) P. YII.-IX. 
 
 SENEOIO. GROUNDSEL, RAGWORT, FLEAWOKT. 
 
 1. S. vulgaris (common Groundsel.} By sides of roads, in 
 fields and waste grounds. From 3 or 4 inches to more than a foot 
 high. Leaves half clasping the stem, pinnatifid, and unevenly 
 toothed. Flower-heads in a loose corymb, small, with minute 
 yellow florets. Abundant. (E. B. t. 747.) A. i.-xn. 
 
 2. S. sylvaticus (mountain G} On dry banks, in waste 
 places and outskirts of woods. A taller and weaker plant than 
 the last, slightly downy ; leaves sometimes clasping and auricled 
 at the base. Flower-heads corymbose ; florets small and yellow. 
 Meadfoot. Hope's Nose, near the raised beach. (E. B. t. 748.) 
 A. YII.-IX. 
 
 3. S. tenuiflorus (hoary Ragwort} Under hedges and by 
 roadsides. Stem erect, about 2 feet high, slightly cottony ; leaves 
 pinnatifid ; segments narrow, clasping, downy and white on their 
 under surface ; lower leaves stalked. Flower-heads numerous, 
 in a loose cluster ; florets yellow, outer ray broad and spreading. 
 Upton. Marychurch. Senecio eruccefolius> Bab. (E. B. t. 574.) 
 P. vn. Tin. 
 
 4. S. Jacobsea (common R} Waste grounds, pastures, and 
 roadsides. Stem erect, branched, from 2 to 3 feet high, leafy. 
 Lower leaves stalked, of a long-oval shape, lyrate ; upper leaves 
 twice pinnatifid, sessile, with oblong deeply- toothed segments. 
 Heads of flowers large, in upright corymbs, golden-yellow, with 
 an outer ray of spreading florets. Very plentiful everywhere. 
 (E. B. t. 1130.) P. YII.-IX. 
 
 5. S. aquaticus (marsh 72.) In marshy places and by rivers 
 and ditches. Stem from 1 to 4 feet high, branched in its upper 
 
75 
 
 half. Lower leaves obovate, entire, and stalked ; upper leaves 
 lyrutc and cut into oblong or linear segments. Heads of flowers 
 in corymbs, similar to but larger than those of S. Jacob&a. 
 Forde bog, near Newton. (E. B. t. 1131.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 INULA. INTJLA. 
 
 1. I. Helenium (Elecampane?) In moist pastures, rare, 
 Stem from 3 to 4 feet high, strong, round, and furrowed, branch- 
 ing above. Leaves large, oval heart-shaped, clasping, slightly 
 serrate, white and downy beneath ; root-leaves stalked. Flower- 
 heads large, with ovate, leafy, and spreading involucre-scales ; 
 florets bright golden-yellow. Orchards at Rora, near Ilsington, 
 Fl. D. (E. B. t. 1546.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 2. I. Conyza (Ploughman's Spikenard.) On dry, chalky or 
 limestone soils. Stem erect, 2 or 3 feet high, angular. Leaves 
 hairy, broadly lanceolate, serrate ; lower leaves stalked. Flower- 
 heads in a leafy cluster at the top of the stem ; florets yellow, 
 those of the circumference very small. Park Hill. Meadfoot 
 Cliffs. Warberry Hill. (Conyza squarrosa, E. B. t. 1195.) P. 
 
 VII.-IX. 
 
 PULICARIA. FLEA-BANE. 
 
 P. dysenterica (common F.) In damp situations. Stem 
 from 1 foot to 18 inches high, branched and woolly. Leaves 
 downy, alternate, clasping, oblong and pointed at the ends, their 
 margins waved and slightly indented. Flower-heads in a loose 
 terminal panicle, some axillary ; flowers numerous, of a rich 
 bright yellow, rays much longer than the disc. Groodrington. 
 Teignmouth. Exmouth. Inula, Linn. (E. B. 1. 1115.) P. TII.-IX. 
 
 BELLIS. DAISY. 
 
 B. perennis (common D.) Pastures, very abundant. Flower- 
 Btalks arising from the midst of a cluster of spreading, oblong, 
 crenated leaves. Flower-heads solitary ; florets of the ray white, 
 tinged with pink at the extremities, those of the disk yellow. 
 The " wee, modest, crimson-tipped flower " of f-Burns, wluch 
 glistens, star-like, over all our meadows and pastures. (E. B. t. 
 424.) P. ii.-x. 
 
76 CALYCIFLOR.E. 
 
 CHRYSANTHEMUM. OX-EYE. 
 
 1. C. Iieucanthemum (great ^vMte Ox-eye.) In fields and 
 dry pastures. Stem erect, branched, from 1 to 2 feet high. 
 Lower leaves stalked, obovate, coarsely toothed ; stem-leaves 
 narrow, oblong, pinnatifid at their junction with, the stem, sessile. 
 Flowers in solitary heads, large ; florets of the ray white, long, 
 and spreading, those of the centre numerous and yellow. Yery 
 common. (E. B. t. 601.) A. vi. vn. 
 
 2. C. segetum (corn Marigold, yellow Ox-eye.) In cultivated 
 lands and cornfields. Stem from 6 inches to a foot high, erect, 
 branching at the top. Lower leaves stalked ; upper ones narrow 
 and clasping, irregularly serrated, much more succulent in ap- 
 pearance than the last. Flower-heads large, solitary, bright 
 yellow j florets of the ray broad and flat. Warberry Hill. Chud- 
 leigh. Exmouth. (E. B. t. 540.) A. VI.-YIII. 
 
 MATRICARIA. WILD-CHAMOMILE, FEYEEFEW. 
 
 1. M. inodora (corn IF., or scentless JUayiveed.) In fields 
 and by waysides. Stem from 12 to 18 inches high, erect, branched. 
 Leaves sessile, twice pinnate, segments very narrow, pointed. 
 Flowers on long stalks, terminal, solitary ; ray of long white 
 florets ; disk yellow, convex. Fields and pastures about Torquay. 
 (Pyrethrum, E. B. t. 676.) The variety of Hooker and Arnott, 
 M . maritima, with fleshy leaves and hemispherical receptacle, 
 grows on Meadfoot shore and Paignton sands. (Pyrethrum, E. 
 B. t. 979.) A. YI.-XI. 
 
 2. M. Chamomilla (wild Chamomile.) In fields and waste 
 places. Stem erect, about a foot high. Leaves twice or three 
 times pinnate, with short but narrow-linear segments. Flower- 
 heads large, on terminal flower- stalks; ray composed of white ob- 
 long florets ; disk prominently conical. Yery common in the vi- 
 cinity of Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 1232.) A. vi.-vm. 
 
 3. M. Parthenium (common Feverfew.) By roadsides and 
 in waste places. Stems erect, branching, a foot or more high. 
 Leaves stalked and pinnate ; segments oblong, lobed and cut, of 
 a dull green colour. Flower-heads corymbose ; florets of the 
 ray short and white, those of the disk yellow and numerous. 
 Kingskerswell. (E. B. t. 1231.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
CALTCIFLORJE. 77 
 
 ANTHEMIS. CHAMOMILE. 
 
 1. A. nobilis (common C.) In gravelly pastures and sandy 
 waste places. Stem about a foot high, drooping, and much 
 branched. Leaves twice pinnate, segments linear and pointed. 
 Flower-heads at the end of every branch, solitary, with white 
 rays and yellow disks, which latter become conical as the flowering 
 advances. Marychurch. Milber Down. Bovey Heathfield. (E. 
 B. t. 980.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 2. A. arvensis (corn C.) Cornfields, and by hedgerows in 
 cultivated fields. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, erect, much 
 branched, hoary. Leaves twice pinnate, segments linear-lan- 
 ceolate, hairy. Flower-heads on long stalks, terminal and so- 
 litary. Florets of ray large and white, those of the disk small 
 and yellow. Moreton, Ilsington, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 602.) A. VI.-YIII. 
 
 3. A. Cotnla (stinking C.) Infields and waste places. Stem 
 erect, branching, from 10 to 18 inches high. Lower leaves 2 or 
 3 times, upper ones once pinnate ; segments short, but narrow 
 and pointed. Flowers in solitary terminal heads, disk convex 
 and yellow, ray large and white. Stem sprinkled with glandular 
 dots. (E. B. t. 1772.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 ACHILLEA. YAEEOW, MILFOIL. 
 
 1. A. Ptarxnica (Sneezeivort Yarrow.) In meadow r s and 
 pastures. Stem 18 inches or 2 feet high, upright, leafy, slightly 
 branched in its upper part. Leaves linear-lanceolate, pointed, 
 minutely serrated, shining. Flower-heads in a large and hand- 
 some corymb ; florets of both disk and ray white. Eoad to Bar- 
 ton Eidge. Banks of the Teign. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 757.) 
 
 P. VI.-YIII. 
 
 2. A. Millefolium (common Y., or Milfoil.) In pastures, 
 waste places, and by roadsides, common. Plant from 6 inches 
 to nearly 2 feet high ; stem erect, branching at the top. Leaves 
 finely cut into a multitude of short but extremely fine and deeply 
 pinnated segments. Flower-heads numerous, small, crowded 
 together into a thick terminal corymb ; flowers white or pinkish. 
 Both leaves and stem sometimes rather woolly. (E. B. t. 758.) 
 P. vi.-ix. 
 
 OED. XLVII. CAMPANULACE^l. 
 CAMPANULA. BELL-FLOWEE, 
 1. C. rotundifolia (roimd-teaved .#., or Harebell.) On hilly 
 
78 CALYCIFLOR^E. 
 
 and dry pastures. Stem from 6 to 12 inches high, very slender. 
 Radical leaves roundish heart-shaped, on long stalks ; lower leaves 
 of the stem lanceolate, stalked ; upper ones linear and sessile. 
 Flowers one or more on a stalk, bell-shaped, 5-cleft at the mouth, 
 of a beautiful blue colour, and gracefully bending over. Berry 
 Head. Woodhouse lane, near Ilsington, FL D. (E. B. t. 866.) 
 P. VII. vin. 
 
 2. C. hederacea (ivy-leaved B.) In marshy places and peaty 
 bogs. Stem prostrate and thread-like ; leaves roundish, cut into 
 5 angular lobes, of a delicate transparent green ; flowers on 
 long stalks, pale reddish-blue, at first nodding over, but when 
 fully open erect. Holne Chase. Foot of Middledon Down, near 
 Chagford. Ivybridge. Bovey Heath. Forde bog, near Newton. 
 Haldon. Wahlenbergia, Bab. (E. B. t. 73.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 3. C- hybrida (corn B.) In cornfields. Stem from 6 to 12 
 inches high, covered with small stiff hairs, sparingly branched. 
 Leaves oblong, wavy at the edges, sessile ; lower leaves tapering 
 towards the stem. Flowers few, solitary, reddish-purple, small, 
 surrounded by the spreading divisions of the calyx, and sur- 
 mounting the long, triangular seed-vessel. Fields above Mead- 
 foot. Cliff- walks between Meadfoot and Hope's Nose. Cornfields 
 at Marychurch. Specularia, Bab. (E. B. t. 375.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 JASIONB. SHEEP'S-BIT. 
 
 J. montana (annual $., or Scabious.) On dry, heathy pas- 
 tures. Stems from 6 to 10 inches high, branched, arising from 
 the crown of the root, surrounded by numerous, spreading, 
 bluntish-oblong leaves, which are rough and wavy. Flowers light 
 but bright blue, in closely crowded terminal heads, surrounded 
 by a leafy involucre. Meadfoot Cliffs. Warberry Hill, etc. (E. 
 B. t. 882.) B. vi.-ix. 
 
 OED. XLVIII. LOBELIACE.E. 
 
 OED. XLIX. VACCINIACEJE. 
 
 VACCINIUM. WHOETLEBEEEY. 
 
 V. Myrtillus (Bilberry, or W.) In woods and heaths in 
 rocky districts. A stiff, woody plant, from 1 to 2 feet high. 
 
COBOLLIFLOR^l. 79 
 
 Stem branched, sharply angular. Leaves ovate, on short stalks, 
 smooth, with serrated margins. Flowers solitary, drooping, light 
 red, with a greenish tinge. Berries bluish-black. The berries 
 are very pleasant to the taste, and made into tarts and served up 
 with clotted cream would be pronounced delicious by the most 
 fastidious epicure. Plantations at Lindridge, near Bishop's 
 Teignton. Holne Chase. Ivybridge. Moor near Chagford. 
 (E. B. t. 456.) Sh. v. 
 
 SUB-CLASS III. COKOLLIFLOB,^. (ORD. L.^LXVIII.) 
 A. Stamens free from the Corolla. (Ord. L.-LII.) 
 
 OED. L. ERICACEAE. 
 ERICA. HEATH. 
 
 1. E. Tetralix (cross-leaved H.) On heaths, downs, and 
 moors, common. Stem branched in its lower part and very 
 leafy. Leaves 4 in a whorl, linear or lanceolate, downy above, 
 becoming more distant towards the extremities of the twigs, and 
 leaving the space beneath the flowers bare. Flowers rose-coloured, 
 in a terminal drooping cluster. Milber Down. Forde bog, near 
 Newton. Bovey Heath, etc. (E. B. t. 1014.) Sh. YII. vm. 
 
 2. E. cinerea (fine-leaved H.) On dry heaths and downs, 
 abundant. Plant with many upright stems. Leaves 3 in a 
 whorl, linear-lanceolate, flat above, with generally little bundles 
 of small leaves in then* axils. Flowers in long whorled clusters, 
 reddish-purple, drooping. Warberry Hill. Babbicombe. Mary- 
 church. Milber Down (with the white variety). (E. B. 1. 1015.) 
 Sh. YII. Yin. 
 
 CALLUNA. LING. 
 
 C. vulgaris (common L.} On dry heaths and moors, very 
 common. Low and straggling, seldom more than 1 foot high. 
 Leaves small and opposite, prolonged slightly at the base ; 
 flowers small, of a bluish-pink, drooping, sometimes approaching 
 to or quite white. Babbicombe Down. Milber Down. Bovey 
 Heath, etc. (E. B. t, 1013.) Sh. vi.-vm. 
 
80 COEOI/LIFLOE^. 
 
 ORD. LL PYROLACE-ZE. 
 OED. LII. MONOTROPACEJE, 
 
 B. Stamens inserted upon the Corolla. (Ord. LIII.-LXYIII.) 
 
 O.BD. LIU. AOTIFOLIACEJE. 
 ILEX. HOLLY. 
 
 Z. Aqmifolium (common ff.) In hedges and woods, frequent. 
 A small tree, sometimes not above a shrub. Leaves evergreen, 
 ovate and pointed, wavy, with a shining surface, and strong spi- 
 nous teeth at their edges ; those of the upper branches often 
 entire and without spines. Flowers white, on short axillary 
 stalks, in thick clusters. Berries bright red. Common in hedges 
 and woods around Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 496.) T. vi.-vm. 
 
 OED. LIV. OLEACEJE. 
 
 LIGUSTRUM. PRIVET. 
 
 Li. vulgare (Privet.) In hedges and thickets, very frequent. 
 A shrub growing from 6 to 8 or 10 feet high. Leaves small and 
 numerous, on short stalks, oblong or lanceolate. Flowers small and 
 white, in short thick clusters at the ends of the branches. Berries 
 round and black, sometimes, though rarely, yellow. Abundant. 
 Park Hill. Ansti's Cove, etc. (E. B. t. 764.) Sh. vi. vn. 
 
 FRAXINUS. ASH. 
 
 P. excelsior (common A.) Woods and hedges. One of our 
 most handsome trees. Leaves pinnate, with from 4 to 8 pairs of 
 broadly lanceolate leaflets. Flowers, which are without calyx or 
 corolla, appear before the leaves. Common. (E. B. t. 1692.) 
 T. iv. v. 
 
COEOLLIFLOE^l. 81 
 
 OBD. LY. APOCYNACEJE. 
 VINCA. PERIWINKLE. 
 
 1. V. minor (lesser Periwinkle.) On shady banks and in 
 woods. Stem procumbent, leaves narrow ovate or lanceolate, 
 flowering branches erect. Flowers blue, salver-shaped, solitary, 
 on axillary flower-stalks. Cockington. Coffin's Well. (Blagdon, 
 Mr. Earle.) Chudleigh. White variety, bottom of Bunker's Hill, 
 near Totness, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 917.) P. iv.-vi. 
 
 2. V. major (greater P.) In woods and thickets. Much 
 larger than the former ; leaves oval heart-shaped. Flowers large, 
 purplish-blue. Met with about Torquay occasionally, but pro- 
 bably a truant from shrubberies. Near Ide, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 
 514.) P. IV. -V. 
 
 OBD. LVI. GENTIANACE^l. 
 
 ERYTHR2EA. CENTAURY. 
 
 1. E. Centaurium (common Cent awry.) In dry pastures. 
 Stem from 3 inches to a foot high, square, branched above. 
 Leaves of an oval-oblong, upper ones pointed; flowers nearly 
 sessile, in a corymbose cluster, rose-coloured. Daddy-hole Plain. 
 Babbicombe, etc. (E. B. t. 417.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 2. E. pulchella (dwarf branched C.) Sandy ground, gene- 
 rally near the sea. Stem from 2 to 6 inches high, much branched ; 
 leaves ovate-oblong. Flowers in a loose leafy cluster, pink. 
 Chapel Hill. Babbicombe. Petit Tor. (E. B. t. 458.) A. YII.-IX. 
 
 GENTXANA. GENTIAN. 
 
 1. G. Amarella (small-flowered Gentian) In dry limestone 
 pastures. Stem erect, square, from 3 to 12 inches high, but ex- 
 tremely variable in size. Leaves sessile, lower ones oval, upper 
 oblong-lanceolate. Flowers pale dull-purple, corolla 5-cleft, and 
 calyx with five lobes. Babbicombe Down. (E. B. t. 236.) A. 
 TIII.-IX. 
 
 2. G. campestris (field G.) Similar situations to the last. 
 Stem from 3 to 10 inches long, very much branched ; leaves el- 
 liptical. Flowers pale sickly-blue, corolla 4-cleft, calyx with four 
 lobes. Babbicombe Down. Watcombe. (E. B. t. 237.) A. 
 TIII.-IX. 
 
82 COBOLLIFLOB.E. 
 
 CKLORA. YELLOW-WOKT. 
 
 C. perfoliata (perfoliate Yellow-wort?) In chalky and lime- 
 stone pastures. Stem from 1 foot to 18 inches high, simple ; 
 leases distant, in pairs, connected at the base by their whole 
 breadth, and pierced by the stem, triangularly ovate; stem branch- 
 ing at the top into a flowering panicle, bearing bright yellow 
 flowers ; corolla and calyx both consisting of 8 divisions. Near 
 Starcross, PL D. (E. B. t. 60.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 MENYANTHES. BUCKBEAN. 
 
 M. trifoliata (BucTcbean^ or marsh Trefoil?) In marshy and 
 boggy situations. Boot creeping ; stem thick, round, and leafy ; 
 leaves stalked, divided into three equal, obovate, wavy leaflets ; 
 flower-stalk erect, terminating in a dense cluster of flesh-coloured 
 flowers, thickly fringed with beautiful white filaments. Marshy 
 meadow at Edginswell. Forde bog, near Newton. Bovey Heath. 
 (E. B. t. 495.) P. v.-vn. 
 
 OBD. LYII. POLEMONIACEJG, 
 
 OBD. LVIII. CONVOLVULACEJE. 
 CONVOLVULUS. BINDWEED. 
 
 C. arvensis (small Bindweed.) In fields, hedges, and waste 
 places. Stems twining or decumbent, leafy, numerous ; leaves 
 alternate, arrow-shaped, with acute lobes, stalked ; flower-stalks 
 generally 1-flowered ; flowers bell-shaped, variegated with rose- 
 colour and white. Very common in all our fields and hedges. (E. 
 B. t. 312.) P. VI.-YIII. 
 
 CALYSTEGXA. HOODED BINDWEED. 
 
 1. C. sepium (great Convolvulus, or hooded Bindweed.) In 
 shady woods and hedges. Stem climbing, with large but distant 
 leaves, alternate, arrow-shaped, their lobes truncated. Flowers 
 large and handsome, pure white, sometimes streaked with pink. 
 
COBOLLIFLOBJE. 83 
 
 Ansti's Cove. Hedges by side of the Paignton road. Convolvu- 
 lus, Linn. (E. B. t. 313.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 2. C. Soldanella (seaside C.) On sandy seashores. Stem 
 short and prostrate; leaves kidney-shaped, fleshy, stalked. Flowers 
 few, pink, bell-shaped, on thick angular flower-stalks. Paignton 
 sands, near the garden wall of Torbay House. Goodrington sands. 
 Teignmouth. Exmouth Warren. Convolvulus, Linn. (E. B. t. 
 314.) P. vi.-vin. 
 
 CUSCUTA. DODDER 
 
 C. Epithymum (lesser D.) On furze, heath, and thyme. 
 Plant consisting of small , red, thread-like stems, twisting and tan- 
 gling about the branches of the plant upon which it is parasitic, 
 destitute of leaves. Flowers sessile, crowded, reddish- white ; 
 corolla tubular,, divided into four ovate pointed segments. War- 
 berry hill, in the furze-brake at the summit. Near Teignmouth. 
 Bovey Heath. Dawlish. (E. B. t. 55.) A. vn.-x. 
 
 ORD. LIX. BORAGINACEJE 
 
 ECHIUM. VIPEK'S BUGLOSS. 
 
 E. vulgare (common Viper's Bugloss.) On banks and old 
 walls, in fielda and waste ground, very common. A very hand- 
 some, showy plant. Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, strong, round, 
 sprinkled with red hairy tubercles. Root-leaves long and lanceo- 
 late, hairy, stalked ; upper leaves nearly sessile. Flowers in short 
 spikes from the sides of the stem, closely crowded in the upper 
 part, at first a rich red-purple, afterwards bright blue. War- 
 berry Hill. Down between Meadfoot and Hope's Nose. Aller. 
 (E. B. t. 181.) B. vi. v$ i. 
 
 laXTHOSPERMUM. GROMWELL. 
 
 1. L. officinale (common Cromwell.} In dry waste places, 
 and uncultivated, rubbishy spots. Plant from 1 to 2 feet high, 
 much branched ; stem covered with stiff hairs ; leaves alternate, 
 lanceolate, hairy beneath ; flowers small, pale yellow ; seeds po- 
 lished, whitish- brown, very hard. Very frequent about Torquay. 
 Maryclmrch, etc. (E. B. t. 134.) P. v.-vil. 
 
 2. la. arvense (corn G., or bastard Alkanet.) Occasionally 
 
84 COBOLLIFLOB2E. 
 
 found in cornfields and waste grounds. Not so large and bold 
 as the last ; stem upright and branched ; leaves lanceolate, hairy ; 
 flowers white. Calyx-segments, long and open when the plant is 
 in fruit, surrounding the brown, wrinkled nuts. Barton. Road 
 between Teignmouth and Dawlish. (E. B. t. 123.) A. Y. Yl. 
 
 3. Li. purpureo-cseruleum (creeping or purple G.) Bushy 
 places on a limestone soil. Rare. Barren stems prostrate, 
 flowering stems erect, from 12 to 18 inches high ; leaves alter- 
 nate, hairy, lanceolate. Flower-heads in a leafy spike ; flowers 
 large, of a deep rich blue, with the tube of the corolla reddish, 
 longer than the calyx. Petit Tor, near Mary church, in the rough, 
 bushy places under Dungeon Cliff. (E. B. t. 117.) P. Y.-YII. 
 
 MYOSOT1S. SCORPION-GRASS. 
 
 1. IMC. palustris (creeping water $., or Forget-me-not.) By 
 sides of streams and in ditches. Root creeping ; stem about 12 
 or 14 inches high. Leaves oblong, bluntly pointed ; flower-stems 
 leafless ; flowers large and handsome, bright blue with a yellow 
 centre, unopened buds reddish. Banks of streams, etc., common. 
 Forde bog, near Newton, where also M. repens is to be found. 
 (E. B. t. 1973, and E. B. S. t. 2703.) P. VI.-YIII. 
 
 2. caespitosa (tufted water S.) In watery and boggy places. 
 Root fibrous, not creeping. Stem upright, round ; leaves longer 
 and narrower than the last ; flower- clusters somewhat leafy be- 
 low ; flowers also smaller, bright blue with a yellow eye. Forde 
 bog, near Newton. (E. B. S. t. 2661.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 3. M, sylvatica (upright wood S.) In shady places and 
 woods. Stems from 12 to 18 inches high, covered with soft 
 spreading hairs ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, lower ones on short 
 dilated stalks ; flower-stalks diverging, leafless ; flowers large, pale 
 blue, very handsome ; calyx deeply divided. Woods, frequent, 
 Fl. D. (E. B. S. t. 2630!) P. Y.-YIII. 
 
 4. M. arvensis (field S.) In fields and waste places, very 
 frequent. Plant from 6 inches to a foot high ; stem branched ; 
 leaves oblong, pointed ; lower leaves oblong, blunt. Flower-clus- 
 ters long, bearing numerous small blue flowers. Very common. 
 (E. B. S. t. 2629.) A. vn. vm. 
 
 5. M. collina (early field S.) On dry banks and tops of 
 walls. Stem from 4 to 8 inches high, branched, hairy. Leaves 
 oblong, obtuse, lower ones obovate, covered with straight, soft 
 hairs ; clusters stalked, with generally one distant flower at the 
 base. Flowers very small, blue. Daddy-hole Plain. Meadfoot 
 
COEOLLIFLOE^!. 85 
 
 cliffs. Cockington lanes. Upton. Dry hedge-banks on the side 
 of Paignton road, etc. (E. B. t. 255a) A. m.-v. M. stricta 
 of Link, with sessile clusters, Petit Tor, April 1859. 
 
 6. IKE. versicolor (yellow and Hue S.) In both dry and wet 
 meadows and on banks. Stem from 3 to 12 inches high. Leaves 
 oblong, narrow, pointed, upper ones opposite ; clusters stalked ; 
 flowers small, yellow before fully expanded, afterwards bright 
 blue. Hope's Nose. Meadfoot cliffs. Forde bog, near Newton. 
 (E. B. t. 480.) A. IV.-YI. 
 
 ANCHUSA. ALKANET. 
 
 A. sempervirens (evergreen Alkanet.} In waste grounds, 
 stony places, and among ruins. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, hairy ; 
 leaves orate, pointed, hairy ; the lower leaves large and on long 
 stalks ; flower-stalks axillary ; flowers bright blue. Berry Pome- 
 roy, near the Castle. Stoke Gabriel, in a hedge by the way to 
 the river. Near Ide churchyard. Dartmouth, side of the walk 
 leading to the Castle. (E. B. t. 45.) P. v.-vn. 
 
 LYCOPSIS. BUOLOSS. 
 
 Ii. arvensis (small Bugloss.} Cornfields and under hedges. 
 Stem from 12 to 18 inches high, upright, more or less branched 
 towards the top, angular and leafy ; leaves lanceolate, with wavy 
 margins, very hairy, sessile ; lower leaves tapering into a footstalk. 
 Flowers in a leafy raceme, small, bright blue. Fields near the 
 Parsonage at Moreton. North Bovey, Fl. Z>. (E. B. t. 938.) 
 A. vi. vn. 
 
 SYMPHYTU1VI. COMFBEY. 
 
 S. officinale (common Comfrey.) In wet places and by the 
 sides of streams. Plant from 18 inches to 4 feet high, rough and 
 hairy, winged in its upper part, branching ; root-leaves on long 
 stalks, rough, ovate ; upper leaves sessile, lanceolate, wavy. Flower- 
 clusters in pairs, drooping ; flowers yellowish-white, sometimes 
 purple. Formerly at Meadfoot, but now extinct. Forde, near 
 Newton. Side of a brook between Kingskerswell and Newton. 
 Exininjster. (E. B. t. 817.) P. v. vi 
 
86 COEOLLIFLOR^;. 
 
 BORAGO. BORAGE. 
 
 3B. officinalis (common B.) In waste ground and among rub- 
 bish. Plant from 12 to 18 inches high ; stern erect with spread- 
 ing branches ; lower leaves oblong, pointed, narrowing at the 
 base into long stalks, but clasping the stem by an auricled expan- 
 sion ; uppermost leaves nearly sessile. Whole plant very hairy. 
 Flowers on long stalks, drooping, of a clear brilliant blue, with 
 the dark anthers showing very distinctly in the centre. Paignton. 
 Chudleigh. Bovey. Chagford. (E. B. t. 36.) B. VI.TII. 
 
 CYNOGIaOSSUra. HOUND'S-TONGTJE. 
 
 C. officinale (common H.) By roadsides and in waste places. 
 Stem about 2 feet high, stout, erect, and branched, roughly hairy. 
 Kadical leaves very long, stalked, ovate-lanceolate, downy ; upper 
 leaves lanceolate, half-clasping ; flower-clusters numerous, forming 
 a terminal leafy panicle. Flowers small, of a dull purplish-red ; 
 seeds covered with short hooked prickles. Paignton Marsh. 
 Near Stoke Gabriel, by the side of tfre high-road. Kerswell 
 Down, in great abundance. Chudleigh. (E. B.t. 921.) B. vi.vn. 
 
 OED. LX. SQLANACEJE. 
 HYOSCYAMUS. HENBANE. 
 
 H. niger (common Henbane.} Waste places, in a chalky or 
 limestone soil. A strong, upright, branching plant, from 1 to 2 
 feet high, hairy and very viscid, with a peculiarly unpleasant 
 odour. Leaves large, sessile, alternate, sharply notched ; upper 
 ones clasping, ovoid, and irregularly pinnatifid. Flowers erect, 
 on very short stalks, or sessile ; calyx 5-cleft, veined, crowning 
 the fruit after the corolla has fallen ; corolla dingy-yellow, most 
 beautifully pencilled with a network of purple streaks ; seed- 
 vessel globular, surmounted by the calyx, containing numerous 
 small seeds, and closed by a lid. Whole plant poisonous, with 
 the exception of the seeds. Babbicombe, on the side of the slope 
 at the end of the Down nearest to Petit Tor. Paignton, near 
 the green. Goodrington sands. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 591.) A. 
 or B. Y.-Vll. 
 
 SOLANUM. NIGHTSHADE. 
 1. S. Dulcamara (woody N. 9 or Bittersweet.) In woods and 
 
COEOLLIFLOEJ:. 87 
 
 hedges. Plant with a woody stem, throwing off climbing and 
 straggling branches ; lower leaves heart-shaped, upper ones au- 
 ricled. Flower-clusters terminal, or opposite to the leaves, 
 drooping ; corolla purple, with two green dots at the base of each 
 of the five segments ; anthers united in a conical form, large and 
 yellow. Berries oval, scarlet, poisonous. Hedges near Torre 
 Abbey, etc. (E. B. t. 565.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 2. S. nigrum (common Nightshade.) Sides of fields, and 
 waste places. Plant about 1 foot high, with extensively spread- 
 ing branches. Leaves alternate, ovate, wavy at the edges, on 
 short stalks. Flowers in small lateral clusters, alternate with 
 the leaves, white ; berries small, round, and black. Plant poison- 
 ous. Xear Torre Abbey. Paignton, near the sands. Groodring- 
 ton sands. (E. B. t. 566.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 OED. LXI. OROBANCHACEJE. 
 OROBANCHE. BROOM-RAPE. 
 
 1. O. major (greater Broom-rape^ Parasitic on roots of 
 Furze and Broom. Plant from 12 to 18 inches high, leafless, at 
 first of a pale yellow, but afterwards of a lurid purplish-brown ; 
 stem thick and fleshy, with small lanceolate scales. Flowers ses- 
 sile, corolla tubular, upper lip undivided, lower one 3-lobed, the 
 middle one being usually the largest ; calyx consisting of from 2 
 to 4 lanceolate lobes. Daddyhole Ham,' on the descent to the 
 Quarry. Cliffs between Meadfoot and Hope's Nose. Babbi 
 combe. (E. B. t. 421.) 0. Rapum, Bab. P. v.-vn. 
 
 2. O. minor (lesser -B.) Parasitic on many different kinds 
 of plants, but usually upon Clover. Smaller and more slender 
 in all its parts than the last ; stem rather wavy, scales distant. 
 Flower- spike loose, flowers as well as the upper part of the stem 
 light bluish-purple, tube of the corolla contracted in the middle, 
 lobes of the lower lip almost equal, lower part of the stamens 
 hairy. Ide, near Exeter, Mr. Earle. (E. B. t. 422.) A. TI.-VIII. 
 
 3. O. Hederse (Ivy JB.) Parasitic on roots of Ivy. Con- 
 sidered by Bentham to be a variety of the last, which it very 
 much resembles, differing in having the stigma yellow instead of 
 purple. Rock Walk. Daddyhole Plain. (E. B. S. t. 2859.) 
 
 P. YI.-YIII. 
 
 LATHR/EA. TOOTHWORT. 
 la. Squamaria (greater Toothivort.) In woods and thickets, 
 
88 COBOLLIELOEJE. 
 
 parasitic on roots of Hazels and other trees. Stem of the plant 
 flesh-coloured; root fleshy and creeping, covered with closely 
 packed, thick scales, resembling somewhat in shape human in- 
 cisor teeth ; flower-stem from 4 inches to a foot high, with a 
 few broad roundish scales ; flowers on short stalks, numerous, 
 drooping, in a one-sided cluster, bluish, streaked with purple or 
 dark red ; upper lip of the corolla entire or slightly notched, 
 lower hp divided into 3 lobes. In a copse at Lindridge near 
 Kingsteignton, on roots of Laurel and Hazel. (E. B. t. 50.) P. 
 IV. V. 
 
 OED. LXII. SCROPHULARIACE^E. 
 VERONICA. SPEEDWELL. 
 
 1. V. serpyllifolia (thyme-leaved Speedwell.) Common in 
 pastures and by waysides. Root fibrous ; stems creeping, and 
 throwing up numerous erect flowering branches ; leaves in pairs, 
 broadly oval, slightly crenate ; flowers in a loose terminal spike, 
 with leafy-looking bracts ; corolla pale blue or white, with dark 
 streaks ; fruit inversely kidney- shaped. Torquay. Cockington. 
 Shiphay, etc. (E. B. t. 1075.) P. y. vi. 
 
 2. V. scutellata (marsh S.) In boggy places and by sides 
 of ditches. Stems weak, slender, and spreading, 6 or 8 inches 
 high ; leaves opposite, sessile, linear and slightly toothed. Flowers 
 in alternate loose lateral clusters, on slender stalks ; corolla flesh- 
 coloured, with purple streaks. Fruit flat and broad, deeply 
 notched, Forde bog, near Newton. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 
 782.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 3. V. Anagallis (water S.) In ditches and by edges of 
 ponds. Plant varying in size from 6 inches to 2 feet; stems 
 erect, succulent and branching ; leaves sessile, opposite, lanceo- 
 late and serrated ; flower-spikes opposite, rising from the axils of 
 the leaves ; flowers pale blue, with darker streaks ; fruit small 
 and roundish, notched at the top. Near Torre Abbey. Lanes 
 about Mary church. Forde bog. (E. B. t. 781.) P. VI.-YIII. 
 
 4. V. Beccabung-a (Brooklime.) In ditches and small brooks. 
 Steins round and smooth, prostrate or floating, rooting at their 
 joints, branched and leafy ; leaves slightly stalked, oblong, some- 
 what toothed, succulent. Flowers small and blue, in axillary op- 
 posite clusters. Capsule roundish, slightly notched. Common. 
 Ditches near Torre Abbey. Upton lanes. Ansti's Cove lane. 
 Paignton lanes. (E. B. t. 655.) P. iv.~vm. 
 
 5. V. officinalis (common S.) In dry pastures and woods. 
 Stems creeping, and rooting at the joints, from 6 inches to afoot 
 
COBOLLIFLOB.E. 89 
 
 or more in length. Leaves opposite, oblong, serrated and hairy. 
 Spikes lateral, and solitary from the axils of the leaves ; flowers 
 small, pale purplish-blue ; capsule heart-shaped. Very abundant 
 in pastures around Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 765.) P. v.-vn. 
 
 6. V. montana (mountain S.) In damp woods and hedges. 
 Stem trailing, hairy ; leaves stalked, ovate, coarsely toothed ; 
 clusters lateral, erect, few-flowered ; flowers pale blue, with darker 
 streaks ; capsule very broad and flat, notched at the top and 
 bottom. Near Torre Abbey. Copse by Kent's Cavern, etc. (E. 
 B. t. 766.) P. iv.-vn. 
 
 7. V. Chamgedrys (Germander S.) In woods, fields, on 
 hedgebanks, and by waysides. Stem trailing, from a few inches 
 to a foot high, with a line of hairs on each side. Leaves oppo- 
 site, sessile, ovate and pointed, sharply serrate ; flower-stalks ax- 
 illary, solitary, bearing beautiful clusters of large, brilliant blue 
 flowers with rich purple veins ; fruit small, inversely heart-shaped. 
 Growing abundantly in all our lanes, etc. (E. B. t. 623.) P. 
 IV.-VI. 
 
 8. V. liedersefolia (ivy-leaved S.) In fields and waste 
 places. Stems procumbent ; leaves heart-shaped, but divided 
 into from 5 to 7 unequal lobes, the end one being the largest, 
 stalked ; the 2 radical leaves oval, entire. Flower-stalks lateral, 
 1-flowered ; corolla pale blue. Capsule of 2 swelling lobes. Yery 
 common under hedges and in tilled fields. (E.'B, t. 784.) A. 
 
 IV.-VIII. 
 
 9. V. agrestis (green procumbent field S.) In fields and 
 waste places. Stem procumbent ; leaves all stalked, oval heart- 
 shaped ; flowers on short stalks, blue with the lower lip of the 
 corolla white ; capsule of 2 swelling lobes, hairy all over, with 
 about 6 seeds in each cell. Yery common, Warberry Hill. Walks 
 at Meadfoot, etc. (E. B. S. t. 2603.) The V. polita, which is 
 very similar, but with the petals wholly blue, is also found in the 
 same localities. (E. B. t. 783.) A. iv.-ix. 
 
 10. V. arvensis (wall S.) In sandy or gravelly fields and 
 on walls. Stem upright, from 2 to 8 inches high, branched at 
 the base ; leaves opposite, ovate, hairy, serrate ; upper leaves lan- 
 ceolate, entire, having the appearance of bracteas, from the axils 
 of which the flowers arise, forming altogether a loose terminal 
 spike ; corolla pale blue ; capsule inversely heart-shaped, smooth. 
 Yery abundant in fields and on the top of nearly every wall, (E, 
 B. t. 734.) A. IV.-YII. 
 
 BARTSIA. BAKTSIA. 
 1, B. viscosa (yellow viscid Bartsia.) In wet pastures. 
 
90 COEOLLIFLOEJ3. 
 
 Plant from 8 to 12 inches high, upright, not branched ; leaves 
 sessile, oblong or lanceolate, but very deeply lobed ; root-leaves 
 opposite, those of the stem alternate ; whole plant downy and 
 viscid. Flowers solitary, axillary, yellow ; lower lip of the corolla 
 striped with orange, fear the coal-pit at Bovey. Fields above 
 the Castle at Dartmouth. (E. B. t. 1045.) A. Vi.-x. 
 
 2. B. Odontites (red B.) In cornfields, dry pastures, and 
 waste places. Stem hairy, from 6 to 10 inches high, angular, 
 branched. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, distantly but 
 sharply serrate. Flower-spikes numerous, crowning the stem ; 
 flowers purplish-red, with narrow leaf- like bracteas at the base 
 of each ; anthers yellow. Very common. (E. B. t. 1415.) A. 
 Yl.-vm. Euphrasia, Bab. 
 
 EUPHRASI A. EYE-BRIGHT. 
 
 E. officinalis (common Eye-bright.) In fields and pastures. 
 A pretty little plant, seldom more than a few inches high ; stem 
 generally branched, but sometimes simple ; leaves deeply toothed, 
 ovate. Flowers axillary, but thickly crowded into a terminal 
 head ; upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed, under one divided into 3 ; 
 flowers white or pinkish, with purple streaks. Very abundant in 
 all our pastures. (E. B. t. 1416.) A. v.-ix. 
 
 RHINANTHUS. YELLOW-RATTLE. 
 
 R. Crist a-galli (common Yellow-rattle.) In meadows and 
 pastures. Stem erect, from 1 to 2 feet high, quadrangular, 
 branched, dotted with purple spots. Leaves sessile, opposite, 
 lanceolate, acutely serrate. Flowers in the axils of the upper 
 leaves, yellow ; upper lip of the corolla beaked ; calyx tumid, 4- 
 cleft. Yery frequent in our meadows, etc. (E. B. t. 657.) A. 
 
 MELAMPYRTJM. COW- WHEAT. 
 
 M. pratense (common yellow C.) In woods and thickets. 
 Stem slender, from 12 to 18 inches ; high branches opposite 
 and branching. Leaves distant, in pairs, narrow-lanceolate, 
 slightly heart-shaped at the base, or ovate. Flowers in pairs, 
 axillary, large, of a pale yellow colour. Bradley wood, near 
 
COEOLLIELOE^I. 91 
 
 Newton. Berry Pomeroy woods. Holne Chase. (E. B. t. 113.) 
 A. vi.-vm. 
 
 PEDICULARIS. LOUSEWORT. 
 
 1. P. palustris (marsh Lousewort.) - In marshy and boggy 
 places. Stem about a foot high, upright, branched ; leaves pin- 
 natificl, segments ovate, deeply lobed. Flowers pale crimson ; 
 calyx inflated, hairy. Capsule ovate, its oblique beak when ripe 
 projecting beyond the calyx. Forde bog. Bovey heath. Moor 
 near Chagford. (E. B. t. 399.) A. or P. ? Y.-YII. 
 
 2. P. sylvatica (pasture L.) Moist hilly pastures and 
 heaths. Stem from 3 to 6 or 8 inches high, branched at the base, 
 spreading ; leaves pinnatifid, segments lobed. Flowers axillary, 
 rose-colour, like the last in form, but larger ; calyx not much in- 
 flated. Abundant, Warberry Hill. Hills beyond Meadfoot, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 400.) A. or P. ? Y.-YIII. 
 
 SCROPHULARIA. FiaWORT. 
 
 1. S. nodosa (knotted Figwort.) In shady places, under 
 hedges and in thickets. Root stout and tuberous, studded with 
 small knobs. Stem from 2 to 3 feet high, square. Leaves ovate, 
 acute, serrate, on short stalks. Flower-stalks axillary and ter- 
 minal, forked ; bracteas lanceolate. Flowers greenish, with 
 the upper lip of the corolla dusky-purple ; seed-vessel ovate and 
 pointed. Ansti's Cove lane. Copse by Kent's Cavern, etc. (E. 
 B. t. 1544.) P. vi. vni. 
 
 2. S. aquatica (ivater F.) In wet places and by sides of 
 streams. Root fibrous, stem erect, square, scarcely branched, 
 from 3 to 6 feet high ; leaves oblong heart- shaped, opposite, 
 coarsely serrate. Flowers in small, opposite, forked clusters, 
 with bluntly linear bracts ; corolla greenish, mixed with dark 
 purple ; capsule roundish. Frequent. Fields near Torre Abbey. 
 Side of the Ansti's Cove lane. Wet meadows at Paignton, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 854.) P. YI.-IX. 
 
 DIGITALIS. FOXGLOVE. 
 
 D. purpurea (purple Foxglove.) Dry banks, waste places, 
 under hedges, and in woods. One of the commonest, but the 
 most stately and beautiful of our wild plants. Stem from 2 to 4 
 
92 COEOLLIFLOE^:. 
 
 or 5 feet high, upright, leafy, terminated by its long flower-spike. 
 Leaves stalked, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, serrate, downy be- 
 neath ; the radical leaves very long. Flower-spike of very nu- 
 merous bell- shaped flowers, of a rich purplish-crimson externally, 
 lighter within, but sprinkled with purple spots. Very abundant. 
 Meadfoot cliffs. Warberry Hill, etc. (E. B. t. 1297.) P. v.- 
 
 . SNAPDEAGON. 
 
 1. A. majus (great Snapdragon.) On old walls and clefts 
 of rocks ; very often but the outcast from gardens. Flowering 
 stems arising from the leafy base of the plant from 1 to 2 feet 
 high. Leaves narrow lance-shaped, entire ; lower ones opposite 
 upper alternate. Flowers large, in a crowded, handsome spike ; 
 corolla not spurred, more than an inch long, purplish-red and 
 yellow; sometimes white. Walls near Torre Abbey. Babbi- 
 combe. Totness Castle. (E. B. t. 129.) P. vn. ix. 
 
 2. A. Orontium (lesser S.) In dry sandy or gravelly fields. 
 Stem erect, about 1 foot high, slender ; leaves narrower than in 
 the last, linear-lanceolate ; flowers in loose spikes, distant, mostly 
 in the axils of the upper leaves ; corolla purple, small, surrounded 
 by the long, linear segments of the calyx. Dartmouth. (E. B. 
 t. 1155.) A, vii.-x. 
 
 IiINARIA. TOADFLAX. 
 
 1. Ii. Cymbalaria (ivy -leaved T.) On rocks, old walls, and 
 shady banks. A trailing plant, with slender stems, rooting at 
 the nodes ; leaves 5-lobed, roundish heart-shaped, stalked, some- 
 times purplish on their under sides ; flowers solitary, on long 
 stalks ; corolla small, pale lilac, with a yellowish palate ; spur 
 short. Very abundant on walls and rocks about Torquay. An- 
 tirrhinum, Linn. (E. B. t. 502.) P. iv.-x. 
 
 2. !. spuria (round-leaved T.) Cornfields and waste places 
 in a sandy soil. Stem trailing ; leaves alternate, ovate, downy ; 
 flowers small, yellow; upper lip purple ; corolla with a bent spur. 
 Fields at Marychurch. (E. B, t. 691.) A. YII.-XI. Antirrhi- 
 num, Linn. 
 
 3. Ii. Elatine (sharp-pointed Fluellin, or I 7 .) In cornfields, 
 etc., very similar to the last, but smaller in every part, and with 
 broadly hastate leaves. Abundant in fields about Torquay. An- 
 tirrhinum, Linn. (E. B. t. 692.) A YII.-XI. 
 
 4. Li. repens (creeping T.) On rocky places near the sea 
 
COKOLLIELOB^. 03 
 
 rare. Boot creeping ; stem from 12 to 18 inches high, slender 
 and branched; lower leaves whorled, upper scattered, linear. 
 Flowers in paiiicled clusters, lilac, with purple streaks, palate 
 yellow. Near Kemiock Farm, on the Downs west of Christowe, 
 *Fl. D. Antirrhinum, Linn. (E. B. t. 1253.) P. YII.-IX. 
 
 5. Zj. vulgaris (yellow T.} In borders of fields and under 
 hedges, frequent. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, erect ; leaves 
 linear-lanceolate ; flowers in a thickly crowded terminal spike 
 large, yellow. Common under hedges and in waste places. Tor- 
 quay. Mary church, etc. Antirrhinum Linaria. (E. B. t. 658.) 
 P. YII.-X. 
 
 6. It. minor (least T.)In sandy fields. Stem from 4 to 10 
 inches high, branched ; leaves generally alternate, linear-lanceo- 
 late, blunt ; flowers solitary, on axillary flower-stalks, light pur- 
 ple, with yellow palate and white lower lip. Paignton common. 
 Hsington. Bovey Tracey. Antirrhinum minus. (E.B.t. 2014.) 
 A. v.-x. 
 
 SIBTHORFIA. SIBTHOEPIA, MONEYWORT. 
 
 S. Europsea (creeping /, or Cornish Moneywort.) In shady 
 boggy places, rare. A minute, but graceful plant, with creeping 
 thread-like stems ; leaves roundish kidney-shaped, alternate, 
 gradually diminishing in size from the base to the ends of the 
 stem. Flowers axillary, small and 5-clefb, the 3 upper segments 
 rose-colour, the 2 under pale yellow. Boggy places by the side 
 of the Dart, in Holne Chase. Between Newbridge and Spitch- 
 wick Lodge, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 649.) P. Til. Yin* 
 
 VERBASCUITC. MULLEIN. 
 
 1. V. Thapsus (great Muttein.)-^On banks, under hedges, 
 and in waste ground. Stem upright, stout, from 3 to 5 feet 
 high, woolly, angular. Leaves sessile, covered with white wool, 
 ovate or oblong, decurrent at the base, and winging the stem. 
 Flowers in a very dense terminal spike, rich yellow ; stamens 
 hairy, bearing red anthers. Very frequent. Meadfoot cliffs, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 549.) B. YI.-VIII. 
 
 2. V, Blattaria (moth Jf.) On banks and by borders of 
 fields, not common. Stem from 3 to 5 feet high ; leaves oblong, 
 coarsely notched, lower ones stalked, upper ones sessile or clasp* 
 ing ; flowers in a loose terminal cluster, bright yellow, stamens 
 with purple hairs ; the unopened buds tinged with orange. 
 Was growing in 1856 on the cliffs above the New Road, and most 
 
94 COBOLLIFLOB^E. 
 
 probably will be found there again. Berry Pomeroy. Dartmouth. 
 Teignmouth. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 393.) B. vi.-vm. 
 
 3. V. virgatum (large-flowered primrose-leaved M.) By 
 roadsides and in fields. Stem from 2 or 3 to 6 feet high, very 
 strong and stout, branching at the base. Root-leaves much like 
 those of the Primrose, but lyrated and larger ; stem-leaves oval- 
 lanceolate, pointed, serrate, sessile, uppermost leaves clasping. 
 Flowers in axillary clusters, from 2 to 6 in each axil, large, bright 
 yellow, with purple- bearded stamens. Near the quarry at Mead- 
 foot. Meadfoot cliffs. Lanes at Marychurch. Fields by Torre 
 Abbey, etc. (E. B. t. 550.) B. vn. vin. 
 
 4. V. pulverulentum (yellow hoary Mullein.) Byroad- 
 sides and in waste places. A bold, stately-looking plant, 3 or 4 
 feet high ; stem and leaves covered with a mealy white wool, 
 which may be easily rubbed off. Leaves broadly oblong and 
 crenate, sessile, lowermost ones lengthened and narrowed into 
 a stalk. Flowers numerous, in small clusters on the terminal 
 panicle, yellow, white hairs to the filaments of the stamens. Has 
 been found on Meadfoot cliffs, but not met with of late. (E. B. 
 t. 487.) B. vii. vm. 
 
 5. V. Lyclmitis (white M.) On banks, by waysides, and 
 in fields, not frequent. Stem from 2 to 3 feet high, straight and 
 angular ; lower leaves stalked, oblong ; upper leaves sessile, ovate, 
 pointed, very woolly on their under sides ; stem terminating in 
 an ascending, branched panicle. Flowers numerous, small, very 
 pale yellow. About Shillingford, near Exminster, Fl. D. (E. B. 
 t. 58.) B. vn. vm. 
 
 6. V. nigrum (dark M.)* On banks and by waysides. 
 Called nigrum on the lucus a non lucendo principle, the plant 
 itself being particularly bright and handsome. Stem upright, 2 
 or 3 feet high ; lower leaves oblong heart-shaped, stalked; upper 
 leaves nearly sessile, small, and pointed, both being crenate and 
 slightly woolly beneath. Flower-spike terminal, elongated, with 
 numerous clusters of flowers between the bracts, along its whole 
 length. Flowers yellow and large, with purple clothed stamens. 
 Meadfoot cliffs. Ilsham. (E. B. t, 59.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 ORD. LXIIL LABIATE. 
 
 A. Stamens 2. 
 
 LYCOPUS. GIPSYWOKT. 
 Zi. Europseus (common Gipsy wort.) On tanks of rivers, 
 
COBOLLIFLOB^. 95 
 
 in ditches and marshes. An upright, branching plant ; stems 
 about 2 feet high, square, and rather rough. Leaves on short 
 stalks, opposite, lanceolate, and very deeply toothed, almost pin- 
 natifid. Flowers minute, in dense axillary whorls, whitish, with 
 small purple dots. Groodrington Marsh. (E. B. t. 1105.) P. 
 
 SAL VIA. SAGE, CLAEY. 
 
 S. Verbenaca (wild English Clary > or Sage.) In dry pas- 
 tures, and on rocky banks, etc., frequent. A coarse, upright, 
 more or less hairy, slightly branched plant, from 1 to 2 feet high. 
 Lower leaves stalked, ovate, very much wrinkled, lobed and 
 toothed ; upper leaves sessile and sharply serrate ; floral bracts 
 heart- shaped. Flowers in whorls of about six on the upright 
 terminal spike ; corolla purple. Park Hill. Teignmouth road. 
 Daddyhole Plain, etc. (E. B. t. 154.) P. v.-vm. 
 
 B. Stamens 4. 
 MENTHA. MINT. 
 
 1. 2ML rotundifolia (round-leaved M.) In moist waste 
 places. A coarse, green, hairy, and upright plant ; leaves 
 broadly oval, or roundish, whitish underneath, much wrinkled, 
 sessile, sharply serrate. Flowers in whorls, on upright terminal 
 spikes, pale pink, occasionally white. Fields near Torre Abbey. 
 Blagdon. (E. B. t. 446.) P. vm. ix. 
 
 2. M. viridis (spear M.) In moist and marshy places. 
 Stem erect ; leaves acutely lanceolate, not hairy, serrated, with- 
 out stalks ; flower-spikes terminal and cylindrical. Flowers in 
 whorls, rose-coloured. Near Exmouth, PL D. (E. B. t. 2424.) 
 P. viii. 
 
 3. M. Fiperita (Pepper M.) In watery places. Stem 
 branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate, stalked ; 
 flower-spikes fuller and bearing larger whorls than the Spear- 
 mint. Flowers very pale purple. Plant from 1 to 3 feet high. 
 Cockington. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 687.) P. Tin. ix. 
 
 4. M. aquatica (water M.} In marshes and wet ditches and 
 on banks of rivers. Plant much branched, from 12 to 18 inches 
 high, generally covered with soft hairs. Leaves stalked, ovate 
 or slightly heart-shaped. Flowers in thick, terminal, round or 
 oblong heads, with occasionally 2 or more additional whorls in 
 the axils of the upper leaves, pink or purplish. M. kirsuta, 
 
96 
 
 Linn. (E, B. t. 447.) Berry Pomeroy woods. Marshy fields 
 at Paignton. The variety 7, M. citrata, grows in the Eoeky 
 Valley, near Torquay. (E. B- 1. 1025.) P. YIII. ix. 
 
 5. US. sativa (marsh ivJiorled M.)On banks of streams and 
 in wet situations. Apparently intermediate between M. aquatica 
 and M. . arvensis ; more low and spreading than the former, and 
 having its flowers in axillary whorls, without any spike or ter- 
 minal head, and distinguished from the Corn Mint by its more 
 tubular and longer calyx, as well as its larger flowers. This and 
 its varieties may be found about Barton. Topsham. (E. B. 
 t. 448.) M. acutifolia, E. B. t. 2415. M. rubra, Sm., E. B. t. 
 1413. P. vn.-ix. 
 
 6. M. arvensis (corn M.) In cornfields and waste grounds. 
 Boot creeping ; stems low, branched, and spreading, from 6 to 
 12 inches long ; whole plant more or less hairy. Leaves stalked, 
 ovate, and toothed ; flowers in axillary whorls ; calyx shallow, 
 bell-shaped. Cornfields, etc,, about Torquay, Cockington, and 
 Mary church. (E. B. t. 2119; and also var. 0, M. agrestis, E. B. 
 t. 2120 ; and 7, M. gentilis, E. B. t. 2118 and t. 449 ; M. praten- 
 sis of Hooker and Arnott.) P. Yin, ix. 
 
 7. AS. Pulegium (Pennyroyal.} -In marshy places and wet 
 ditches. Smaller than the root of the Mints ; stems prostrate ; 
 leaves small and ovate, downy with short hairs. Flowers in 
 thickly crowded axillary whorls, pink ; throat of the calyx hairy. 
 Whole plant has a powerfully pungent smell. Forde bog, near 
 Newton. (E. B. t. 1026.) P. Tin. ix. 
 
 THVMITS. THYME. 
 
 T. Serpyllum (wild T.) On downs and dry pastures. Stems 
 much branched, slender and procumbent. Leaves ovate or ob- 
 long, very small. Flowers generally six in a whorl, with exceed- 
 ingly small floral leaves taking the place of bracts ; whole plant 
 hairy. Flowers numerous, purple. Park Hill. Daddy hole 
 Plain. Babbicombe Down, etc. (E, B. t. 1514.) P. YI.-VIII. 
 
 OHSGAKTUM. MAEJOEAM. 
 
 O. vulgar e (common Marjoram.) On hedge-banks and dry 
 bushy places. Stems from 8 or 10 inches to 2 feet high ; leaves 
 stalked, broadly ovate, slightly toothed ; heads of flowers round- 
 ish,*crowded, in a 3-branched terminal cluster. Flowers purple, 
 with purple-tinged bracts. Yery frequent. Hedge-banks on 
 
COEOLLIPLOE^]. 97 
 
 the Warberry Hill. Meadfoot cliffs, etc. (E. B. t. 1143.) P. 
 
 VJI.-IX. 
 
 TEUCRIUM. OEEMANDEE. 
 
 T. Scorodonia (wood Germander.) In woods, and on dry, 
 stony hedge-banks. Stem slightly branched, about 1 foot high, 
 hairy ; leaves stalked, ovate, heart-shaped at the base, much 
 wrinkled, coarsely toothed, downy, both sides green. Flowers 
 in lateral and terminal one-sided clusters, pale yellow, with pro- 
 minent purplish-red stamens. Park Hill wood. Meadfoot 
 cliffs. Copse, near Ansti's Cove, etc. (E. B. t. 1543.) P. vn. 
 Tin. 
 
 AJUGA. BUGLE. 
 
 A. reptans (common Bugle.) In woods and moist pastures. 
 Flowering stems erect, rising from a tuft of stalked, obovate 
 root-leaves, from 2 to 8 or 9 inches high, with nearly sessile 
 ovate leaves, uppermost ones small and coloured. Flowers in 
 crowded whorls in the axils of the leaves, blue. Yery abundant 
 everywhere about the neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 489.) P. T. vi. 
 
 BALL OTA. HOEEHOUim 
 
 B. nigra (black HoreJiound.) Under hedges and in waste 
 places. Stem from 2 to 3 feet high ; leaves coarsely but sharply 
 serrate ; lower ones heart-shaped, upper ovate. Flowers in 
 whorls, purple, sometimes, but rarely, white. Frequent by the 
 roadsides, and borders of fields. B. fcetida, Bab. (E. B. t. 46.) 
 P. vn. Yin. 
 
 LEONURUS. MOTHEEWOET. 
 
 Li. Cardiaca (Motherwort) Under hedges and in waste 
 places, not common. Stem about 3 feet high, branched ; lower 
 leaves 5-cleft, broadly lobed and toothed; upper 3-lobed, entire, 
 wedge-shaped at the base; uppermost lanceolate, undivided. 
 Flowers in whorls, crowded, white with a purplish tinge. Near 
 Canonteign. Chudleigh. North Bovey. Lustleigh. Teign- 
 grace, Fl. V. (E. B. t. 286.) P. Tin. 
 
98 COEOLLIFLOE2E. 
 
 GALEOPSIS. HEMP-NETTLE. 
 
 1. G. Ladanuin (red Hemp-Nettle!) In dry, waste places. 
 Stem about 1 foot high, with opposite branches, covered with 
 soft hairs, not swollen at the joints. Leaves on short stalks, 
 lanceolate, slightly serrate, hairy on both sides. Flowers bluish- 
 pink, with a mixture of crimson and white ; calyx hairy, 5-cleft. 
 Fields, etc., about Torquay and Marychurch. (E. B. t. 884.) 
 A. vn.-ix. 
 
 2. G. Tetrahit (common ff.) In cornfields, woods, and cul- 
 tivated grouuds. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, beset with sharp 
 hairs, swollen below the joints. Leaves of an oblong, pointed, 
 oval form, serrate, hairy. Flowers in whorls ; corolla varies in 
 colour from purple to white ; calyx-teeth long and pointed. 
 Yery common. (E. B. t. 207.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 GALEOBDOLON. WEASEL-SNOUT. 
 
 G. luteum (yellow W. y or Archangel.) In woods and damp 
 shady situations. Stem erect, not branched, about 1 foot high; 
 leaves bright green, ovate, pointed, sharply but unevenly serrate. 
 Flowers in whorls, large and showy, yellow, with the under lip 
 spotted with reddish-orange ; upper lip of the corolla undivided 
 and arching over ; calyx-segments pointed and tipped with 
 bristles. Ansti's Cove. Bradley Woods, hi great abundance. 
 (E. B. t. 787.) P. V. VI. [Placed by Bentham among the 
 Lamiums, under the name of Lamium Galeobdolon.~\ 
 
 LAMITJM. DEAD-NETTLE. 
 
 1. la. album (white Dead-Nettle.} Under hedges, in borders 
 of fields and waste places. Stem from 12 to 18 inches high ; 
 leaves in pairs, stalked, heart-shaped, pointed, coarsely toothed; 
 flowers in close axillary whorls, pure white ; upper lip undivided, 
 arched; calyx-teeth long, sharp, and spreading. Chelston. 
 Cockington lanes, etc., frequent. (E. B. t. 768.) P. iv.-ix. 
 
 2. IB. purpureum (red D.) Under hedges, in fields and 
 waste places. Stem from 4 to 8 or 9 inches high, with a few 
 roundish stalked leaves at the base, then rising naked, but 
 thickly covered at the top with broadly heart-shaped, unevenly 
 toothed leaves on short stalks. Flowers purplish-red ; floral 
 leaves with a purplish tinge. Very abundant. (E. B. t. 769.) 
 A. iv. x. I have found this plant in flower during the whole 
 year, in sheltered spots about Torquay. 
 
COROLLIFLOB2G. 99 
 
 BETONICA. BETONY. 
 
 B. officinalis (wood JBetony.) Under hedges and in woods 
 and thickets. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, erect and simple ; 
 root-leaves on long stalks, ovate, serrate ; upper leaves nearly 
 sessile, oblong, toothed ; the pairs of leaves distant from each 
 other; whorls of flowers forming a dense, oblong terminal 
 spike ; corolla of dull purplish rose-colour, upper lip flattish. 
 Very common. Stackys Betonica, Bab. and Benth. (E, B. t, 
 1142.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
 STACHYS. WOUNDWORT. 
 
 1. S. sylvatica (hedge Woundwort .) In woods and under 
 hedges. Stem from 2 to 4 feet high, stout, erect, slightly 
 branched. Leaves large, ovate, cordate, strongly serrate. Flower- 
 spike terminal, composed of numerous close whorls of from 6 to 
 10 flowers in each ; corolla of a deep purplish-red, upper lip 
 lip vaulted. Frequent. Walks at Meadfoot. Copse near Ansti's 
 Cove. Cockington and Shiphay lanes. (E. B. t. 416.) P. vn. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 2. S. palustris (marsh W.) In ditches, on river-banks, and 
 in wet places. Root creeping extensively. Stems 2 or 3 feet 
 high, stout ; lower leaves slightly stalked ; upper ones half clasp- 
 ing, oblong or lanceolate, serrated, rather woolly beneath. Spike 
 of many whorls, with a pair of leaves beneath each whorl ; corolla 
 purplish-red. Common. Osier-beds at Paignton, etc. (E. B. t. 
 1675.) P. vn. VHi. Var. #. of Hooker and Arnott, Marychurch. 
 
 3. S. Germanica (downy W.) In fields and under hedges. 
 Plant from 1 to 3 feet high ; stem as well as leaves covered with 
 whitish silky hairs, giving the whole plant a hoary appearance. 
 Leaves ovate, pointed, serrate, the radical ones on long stalks, 
 the others almost sessile, all very much veined. Flowers numer- 
 ous, in axillary whorls ; corolla pinkish, streaked with white, 
 upper lip arched. Fields on the Warberry Hill, Mr. Earle. 
 (E.B.t. 829.) P. vn. 
 
 4. S. arvensis (corn W.} In cornfields. Stem weak, pros- 
 trate or ascending, branched. Leaves opposite, on short stalks, 
 ovate or slightly heart-shaped ; floral leaves oval-oblong, pointed, 
 sessile. Flowers in whorls of from 4 to 6, small ; corolla pale 
 purple, upper lip vaulted. Frequent in tillage fields. Walks on 
 Meadfoot cliii'-. Warberry. (E. B. t. 1154.) A. vin. ix. 
 
100 COEOLLIFLOE2B. 
 
 NEPETA. CAT-MINT, GROUND-IVY. 
 
 1. N. Cataria (Cat-mint.) In fields, hedges, and waste 
 places. Stems from 2 to 3 feet high, erect, downy ; leaves 
 stalked, heart-shaped, serrate, downy beneath ; floral leaves bract- 
 like. Flowers in spiked, shortly stalked whorls, white, with a pinkish 
 tinge, and spotted with rose-colour. Babbicombe road. Cock- 
 ington. Shiphay lanes, etc. (E. B. t. 137.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 2. W. Glechoma (ground Ivy.) In thickets, hedges, and 
 waste grounds. Stem extensively creeping ; leaves stalked, kid- 
 ney-shaped, crenated, downy. Whorls on one side of the stem, 
 axillary, 3- to 4-flowered ; flowers large and blue. Very abun- 
 dant. Glechoma hederacea, Linn. (E. B. t. 853.) P. in.-v. 
 
 MARRUBIUM. WHITE HOREHOUND. 
 
 M. vulgare (common white fforehound.) By roadsides, bor- 
 ders of fields, and waste places. Stem thick and cottony, branched ; 
 leaves stalked, roundish, irregularly serrate, wrinkled and hoary. 
 Plant from 12 to 18 inches high. Flowers in crowded whorls in 
 the axils of the upper leaves, small, of a dirty- white colour ; up- 
 per lip of the corolla 2-cleft ; calyx with from 5 to 10 small 
 hooked teeth. Fields on the Warberry Hill. Watcombe. Waste 
 spots at Marychurch. (E. B. t. 410.) P. VHI. ix. 
 
 CALAMINTHA. CALAMINTH, BASIL-THYME, 
 WILD BASIL. 
 
 1. C. Acinos (common Basil-Thyme) In cultivated fields 
 and waste places. Plant 6 or 8 inches high, branched, slightly 
 downy. Leaves on short stalks, small, oblong, slightly toothed, 
 but at times almost entire. Flowers in axillary whorls, on short 
 upright stalks ; corolla pale-purple or white. Frequent in tillage 
 fields and dry pastures. Daddy hole Plain, on the slope near 
 the wall of Rock End grounds. Meadfoot cliffs. Fields near 
 Hope's Nose. Thymus^ Linn. (E. B. t. 411.) A. vn. vm. 
 
 2. C. oiHcinalis (common Calaminth.) In woods, borders of 
 fields, and by roadsides. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, strong and 
 erect, with straggling branches, hairy. Leaves stalked, broadly 
 ovate, toothed. Flowers in loose lateral cymes, lilac ; lower lip 
 of the corolla dotted. Roadside near Chudleigh, Ilsington, Fl. D. 
 Thymus Calamintha. (E. B. t. 1676.) P. YII.-IX. 
 
COBOLLIFLOILE. 101 
 
 3. C. Clinopoditim (common ivild Basil.) In woods and 
 under hedges. Stem from 12 to 18 inches high, covered with 
 soft hairs, rather wavy. Leaves stalked, ovate, slightly serrate, 
 hairy ; whorls both terminal and axillary ; flowers on hairy 
 stalks, surrounded by linear, hairy floral leaves or bracts ; corolla 
 large, purple. Frequent. On the cliffs near Ilsham beach. 
 Clinopodium vulgare, Linn. (E. B. t. 1401.) P. VII.-IX. 
 
 MELITTIS. BASTARD-BALM. 
 
 M. Melissophyllmn (Bastard- Balm.) In woods, thickets, 
 and shady places. A very handsome plant, and worthy of a 
 place in our gardens. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high ; leaves large, 
 stalked, heart-shaped, and coarsely serrate. Flowers large, in 
 axillary whorls-, pink, variegated with white, and variously spotted 
 with purple ; corolla-tube broad, nearly an inch long ; the upper 
 lip concave and thrown back, the lower one 3-lobed and spread- 
 ing. Park Hill wood. Copse near Ansti's Cove. (E. B. t. 577.) 
 P. v. vi. The M. grandiflora is merely a variety of this, and 
 not a distinct species. 
 
 PRUNELLA. SELF-HEAL. 
 
 P. vnlgaris (common Self-heal.) In moist pastures, fields, 
 and hedges. A low branching plant ; leaves stalked, ovate or 
 oblong, slightly waved but not toothed. Flowers in closely 
 packed terminal whorls, forming a dense spike, with broad, bract- 
 like floral leaves beneath each whorl ; corolla violet-blue, some- 
 times reddish. Common in fields, etc., about Torquay and 
 Marychurch. (E. B. t. 961.) P. vn. vin. 
 
 SCUTELLARIA. SKULL CAP. 
 
 1. S. galericulata (common Skull-cap.) In damp, shady, 
 stony places and banks of streams. A weak-looking, slightly 
 downy plant ; stem erect, from 8 to 12 inches high, somewhat 
 branched; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, lanceolate but heart- 
 shaped at the base, crenate. Flowers axillary, solitary or in 
 pairs, nearly sessile, drooping slightly ; corolla blue, lower lip 
 with white streaks. Berry Pomeroy woods. Bovey Heath. Ex- 
 minster Marsh. Fingle Bridge, near Chagford. (E. B. t. 523.) 
 P. vn. vin. 
 
102 COROLLIFLOE^E. 
 
 2. S. minor (lesser S.) In bogs and moist heathy places. 
 Smaller and more slender than the last, from 4 to 6 inches high. 
 Leaves entire ; lower ones broadly ovate and somewhat lobed at 
 the base. Flowers small, on short axillary stalks, rose-colour ; 
 the lower lip white, with pink spots. Forde bog, near Newton. 
 Wet places about Dartmoor. (E. B. t. 524.) P. vn.-x. 
 
 OED. LXIY. VERBENACEJE, 
 
 VERBENA. YEEYAIN. 
 
 V. officinalis (common Vervain.) By roadsides and in dry 
 pastures. Stem erect, from 1 to 2 feet high, rather hairy; leaves 
 opposite, lanceolate but deeply cut, almost pinnatifid, upper ones 
 3-lobed ; stem dividing at the top into 5 or 6 slender flower- 
 spikes ; flowers small and sessile, each accompanied by a small, 
 ovate, pointed bract ; corolla pale purple, tubular, 5-cleft. Fre- 
 
 ?uent in dry waste places. Warberry Hill. Babbicombe, etc. 
 E. B. t. 767.) P. YII.-IX. 
 
 OET>. LXV. LENTIBTTLARIACEJE. 
 PINGUICUZiA. BUTTEKWOET. 
 
 1. P. vulg-aris (common Butterwort.) In bogs and moist 
 heaths. Leaves all radical, light green, ovate, covered with small 
 crystalline points, the margins rolled up. Flower-stalks rising 
 naked from the tuft of leaves, each bearing a single bluish-purple 
 flower, with a long spur to the corolla. Forde bog, near Newton. 
 Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 70.) P. v.-vn. 
 
 2. P. Lusitanica (pale B.) In similar situations to the 
 last. Like the P. vulgaris, but smaller; leaves more delicate, 
 and covered with red veins, margins very much curled up ; flower- 
 stalks slender ; flower pale yellow tinged with lilac, spur short 
 but much curved, lobes of the corolla nearly equal. Forde bog. 
 Haldon. Bogs in Dartmoor, Ivybridge, etc. (E. B. 1. 145.) P. 
 vi.-x. 
 
 UTRICUIiARIA. BLADDEEWOET. 
 XJ. vulgaris (greater Bladderwort.) In ditches and pools* 
 
COROLLIFLOKJG. 103 
 
 The floating branches, extending from 6 inches to a foot, bear 
 numerous hair-like much divided leaves, to which are attached a 
 multitude of little curved air-bladders ; the flower-stalk rises 
 upright a few inches out of the water, and bears a loose cluster 
 of handsome alternate yellow flowers, the flower-stalks and calyx 
 being tinged purple. Stover canal-head. Bovey Heath. Ponds 
 between Teignbridge and Kingsteignton, Powderham marshes, 
 FL D. (E. B. t. 253.) P. vi. vn. U. intermedia, with some 
 of the branches bearing leaves without vesicles, is considered 
 by Bentham to be merely a barren form of U. minor. The 
 * Flora Devoniensis' gives as its habitat a pool between Teign,- 
 bridge and Kingsteignton. (E. B. t. 2489 and 254.) 
 
 OED. LXVI. PKIMULACEJE. 
 PRIMULA. PRIMROSE, OXLIP, COWSLIP, 
 
 1. P. vnlgaris (common Primrose.) In woods, pastures, and 
 on hedge-banks. Leaves more or less hairy, ovate or oblong, 
 large, slightly toothed and much wrinkled, of a pale fresh green ; 
 flower-stalks, arising apparently single, but really from a common 
 stalk so short as to be concealed by the leaves, bear each a ter- 
 minal, pale yellow flower, with a deeply 5-lobed spreading co- 
 rolla. Abundant in all our lanes and hedges. (E. B. t. 4.) P. 
 IV. V. 
 
 2. P. veris (common Cowslip.) In meadows and pastures. 
 Leaves like the last but not hairy ; flower-stalks bearing an um- 
 bel of flowers ; corolla deeper yellow and much smaller than that 
 of the Primrose, its segments not so widely spread. Very fre- 
 quent. Warberry Hill. Cockington lanes. Shiphay, Ansti's 
 Cove, etc. (E. B. t. 5.) P. iv. v. 
 
 3. P. elatior (Oxlip.) Similar situations to the last. Leaves 
 ovate, toothed and contracted below. Flower-stalk bearing a 
 many-flowered umbel ; segments of the corolla more dilated than 
 those of the Cowslip, and having more the appearance of the 
 Primrose ; outer flowers of the umbel usually drooping. Not so 
 frequent as the last. New walks at Ansti's Cove. (E. B. t. 513.) 
 P. iv. v. 
 
 GLAUX. SEA MILKWORT. 
 
 G. maritima (sea M. t or UacTc Saltwort) On seashores 
 and in salt-jnarghes, Plant from 2 to 6 inches highj stem 
 
104 , COEOLLIFLOEJE. 
 
 branched, stout and fleshy ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate, very 
 small and succulent. Flowers rose-coloured, sessile and axillary, 
 with a 5-lobed calyx and destitute of a corolla. Paigntoii sands. 
 Goodrington sands. Exminster Marsh. (Hackney, near Kings- 
 teignton, Fl. J>.) (E. B. t. 13.) P. vi. VII. 
 
 LYSIMACHIA. LOOSESTRIFE. 
 
 1. Li. vulgar is (great yellow Loosestrife) By sides of rivers 
 and in wet shady places. Plant from 2 to 4 feet high, with 
 straight leafy stems. Leaves usually opposite, but sometimes 
 growing 3 or 4 in a whorl, ovate-lanceolate, on very short stalks. 
 Flowers in lateral and terminal clusters, large and handsome, yel- 
 low. Bank of canal at Teigngrace. Side of Stover canal. Islet 
 in the Dart above Staverton Bridge. (E. B. t. 761.) P. vii. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 2. Ii. nemoram {yellow Pimpernel, or wood L) In woods 
 and shady places. Stems procumbent and rooting from the lower 
 joints, reddish ; leave's ovate, pointed, opposite and stalked. 
 Flowers on long axillary stalks, solitary ; corolla 5-lobed, spread- 
 ing, bright yellow. Bradley woods, near Newton. Berry Pomeroy 
 woods. Gidleigh near Chagford. Whyddon Park, etc. (E. B. 
 t. 527.) P. v.-vm. 
 
 ANAGAIiIiIS. PIMPERNEL. 
 
 1. A. arvensis (scarlet P., or Poor Marfs Weather-glass.) 
 In cornfields and by waysides. Stems procumbent or ascending, 
 branched ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate. Flowers on long axil- 
 lary flower- stalks, bright scarlet ; corolla opening out wide in 
 bright sunshine, and closing up in cloudy weather. Abundant 
 everywhere. (E. B. t. 529.) A. c&rulea Professor Henslow has 
 ascertained to be a variety of this. (E. B. t. 1823.) A. vi. 
 vn. 
 
 2. A. tenella (bog Pimpernel.) In bogs and on wet mossy 
 banks. An exceedingly delicate and pretty little plant ; sterna 
 from 2 to 4 inches long, branched and creeping ; leaves opposite, 
 roundish- ovate ; flowers on long slender footstalks, large, of a 
 most lovely rose-colour. Sometimes in the turf of the publio 
 garden. Forde bog, near Newton. Home Chase. Ivybridge. 
 Boggy places about Chagford, etc. (E. B. t. 530.) P. vn. vm. 
 
COBOLLIFLOB2E. 105 
 
 CENTUNCUIaUS. CHAFFWEED. 
 
 C. minimus (small (7., or bastard Pimpernel.) In moist 
 sandy or gravelly places. A very diminutive plant, from 1 to 2 
 inches high ; stem slightly branched at the base ; leaves small, 
 ovate. Flowers solitary, sessile, very small, pale pink ; corolla 4- 
 cleft. Petit Tor, near Marychurch. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t.531.) 
 A. vi. vii. 
 
 SAMOLUS. BROOKWEED. 
 
 S. Valerandi (Broolcweed^ or water Pimpernel.)-^-In marshy 
 and watery places. Plant from 6 to 10 niches high ; leaves al- 
 ternate, roundish-oval, on short stalks ; flowers in terminal clus- 
 ters, small and white ; corolla with 5 spreading segments. Petit 
 Tor, by a little s*treamlet near the beach. Formerly at Meadfoot. 
 (E. B. t. 703.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 OED. LXVII. PLUMB AGIN ACE JE. 
 
 ARMERIA. THEIFT, SEA-PINK. 
 
 A. maritima (common T., or S., or Sea- Gilliflower.) On 
 muddy or rocky seashores. Root-stock throwing up a dense 
 tuft of narrow-linear leaves. Heads of flowers on long leafless 
 stalks ; flowers closely crowded together, pink, sometimes white. 
 Shores of Torbay, Meadfoot, etc. Statice Armeria. (E. B. t. 
 226.) P. iv.-ix. 
 
 STATICE. SEA-LAYENDER. 
 
 1. S. Iiimoniuxn (spreading -spiked Sea- Lavender.) In salt- 
 marshes and on rocks by the sea. Leaves all radical, from 2 to 6 
 inches long, ovate-lanceolate, narrowing at the base into a stalk. 
 Flower- stalk, upright, leafless, repeatedly divided at the top, and 
 forming a thick panicle of bluish-purple flowers. Exminster 
 marshes. (E. B. t. 102.) B. vn.-ix. 
 
 2. S. binervosa (upright-spiked S.) On rocks near the sea. 
 Leaves much smaller than the last, and narrowed into a winged 
 stalk at the base ; flower : stalk branched from below the middle ; 
 spikes compact and erect ; flowers large, of a purplish blue. Cliffs 
 
106 COROLLIFLOBJE. 
 
 above Thunder Hole. Paignton cliffs. Berry Head. (S. spa- 
 ihulata, E. B. S. t. 2663.) S. ocridentalis, Bab. S. auricula- 
 folia, Benth. B. vn. vm. 
 
 OED. LXYIII. PIANTAGINACEJE. 
 FLANTAGO. PLANTAIN. 
 
 1. P. major (greater Plantain.} By waysides, in pastures 
 and waste places. Leaves radical, broadly ovate, on long coarsely 
 ribbed stalks, more or less toothed or waved. Flower- stalks 
 many, upright, surmounted by a long, pointed spike of numerous 
 closely crowded flowers ; corolla white ; flowers at the base of the 
 spike opening first ; seed-vessel ovate, with from 4 to 8 seeds in 
 each cell. Very abundant. (E. B. t. 1558.) P. VI.-YIII. 
 
 2. P. media (hoary P.) In meadows and pastures. Leaves 
 growing from the root-stock, pressing close to the ground, sessile, 
 ovate, downy. Flower-stalks tall, pubescent ; spikes cylindrical ; 
 stamens long, with yellow anthers, and shining purple filaments ; 
 capsule with 1 seed in each cell. Barton, Mr. C. E. Parker. 
 (E. B. t. 1559.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 3. P. lanceolata (Ribwort P.) In meadows and pastures. 
 Leaves all radical, lanceolate, ascending, 5 -ribbed, tapering at 
 both ends ; spikes ovate or cylindrical, on long stalks ; flowers 
 with a blackish ovate bract at the base of each, stamens yellow ; 
 1 seed in each cell of the capsule. Common everywhere. (E. B. 
 t. 507.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 4. P. maritima (seaside P.) Pastures and marshy places 
 by the seaside. Leaves numerous, linear, fleshy, usually entire 
 but sometimes toothed. Spike cylindrical, on a round flower- 
 stalk ; flowers numerous ; cells of capsule 1-seeded. A very vari- 
 able plant in size and appearance. Paignton, Groodrington, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 175.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 5. P. Coronopus (bucTc 's-horn P.) On the seacoast, and 
 in barren gravelly soils inland. Leaves all springing from the 
 tapering root, spreading, pinnately divided into numerous linear 
 segments, lying closely upon the ground. Flower-stalk round, 
 hairy ; spike slender, compact ; flowers white ; capsule of four 1- 
 seeded cells. Meadfoot cliffs. Paignton sands. Teigmnouth 
 sands. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 892.) A. vi. vn. 
 
 LITTORELLA. SHOEEWEED. 
 Ii. lacustris (Plantain Shoreweed.) In watery places and 
 
MONOCHLAMTDE2E. 107 
 
 margins of lakes. Leaves all radical, linear and fleshy, slightly 
 channelled. Flowers white, male flowers on long stalks, female 
 flowers sessile among the leaves, and without a calyx. Bovey 
 Heath. Haldon. (E. B. t. 468.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 SUB-CLASS IT. MONOCHLAMYDE^J. 
 (OED. LXIX.-LXXXVII.) 
 
 OED. LXIX. AMAKANTHACEJE. 
 
 OED. L X X.CHENOPODIACE.E!. 
 
 'STJBOED. I. CYCLOLOBEM. 
 
 TEIBE I. CHENOPODIE,E. 
 
 BETA. BEET. 
 
 B. vulgaris (common Beet.) On the seashore and waste 
 places near the sea. Root thick and fleshy ; stems numerous, 
 procumbent ; leaves succulent, triangularly ovate, narrowed at 
 the base into a footstalk ; the upper stem-leaves oblong, sessile, 
 all with wavy edges ; flower-spikes long, simple, and leafy ; flowers 
 in twos or threes, greenish-yellow ; calyx 5-partite ; no corolla. 
 B. maritima, Linn. Babington considers it should still retain 
 the last name as being a distinct species from the common Beet. 
 Common on our shores. Meadfoot. Paignton sands. Goodring- 
 ton. Teignmouth, etc. (E. B. t. 285.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 CHENOPODIUM. GM30SEFOOT. 
 
 1. C. olidum (stinking Goosefoot.) Under walls and in 
 waste places. Stems numerous, spreading, branched, and leafy ; 
 leaves stalked, alternate, angularly ovate, covered, as is the whole 
 plant, with a greasy fetid down. Flowers in thickly clustered 
 spikes, greenish ; corolla, as in all the species of this genus, ab- 
 sent. Teignmouth. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 1034.) A. vm. IX. 
 
 2. C. polyspermum (many-seeded G.) In cultivated and 
 waste places. Stems prostrate and spreading ; leaves alternate, 
 stalked, ovate, blunt, dark green, and free from any mealiness. 
 Clusters of flowers small, in axillary spikes 5 flowers green. Seed 
 
108 MONOCHLAMYDE2E. 
 
 black, partially covered by the 5-cleft calyx. 0. acutifolium (E. 
 B. t. 1481), witli upright stem, and ovate, pointed leaves, is pro- 
 nounced both by Hooker and Arnott, and Babington, to be un- 
 distinguishable from this. Waste places near Teignmouth. (E. 
 B. t. 1480.) A. vin. ix. 
 
 3. C. murale (nettle-leaved G.) Beneath walls, by roadsides, 
 and in waste rubbishy places. Plant sometimes erect, sometimes 
 decumbent, a foot or more high ; leaves ovate, acute, and sharply 
 serrate ; flowers in compound clusters from the sides and sum- 
 mit of the stem ; calyx almost closing over the seed. Yery fre- 
 quent. Marychurch. Teignmouth, etc. (E. B. t. 1722.) A. 
 Tin. ix. 
 
 4. C. album (white G.) In waste places and about dung- 
 heaps. The most common of the genus. Stem branched, an- 
 gular, from 1 to 2 feet high ; leaves ovate, slightly angular, irre- 
 gularly jagged ; uppermost leaves oblong and entire. Flowers 
 clustered in short axillary spikes, with a terminal spike crowning 
 .the stem ; calyx quite investing the seed. Yery common. (E. 
 B. 1. 1723.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 5. C. rubmm (red G.) On dunghills and under walls. 
 Stems 1 to 2 feet high, upright, branched, furrowed ; leaves al- 
 ternate, of a triangular form, irregularly toothed. Clusters of 
 flowers in upright axillary spikes. Paignton. Teignmouth, etc. 
 (E. B. 1. 1721.) A. vin. ix. 
 
 6. C. Bonus-Henricus (Mercury G., or Good-King-Henry.) 
 Stem about 1 foot high, slightly branched ; leaves large, 
 broadly triangular, resembling spinach-leaves, alternate and 
 stalked. Flowers hi lateral and terminal, clustered and leafless 
 spikes, green. The young plants are frequently eaten instead of 
 spinach. Paignton. Kingskerswell. Chudleigh. (E.B.t. 1033.) 
 P. V.-VIII. 
 
 TRIBE II. ATEIPLICEJB. 
 ATRIPLEX. OEACHE. 
 
 1. A. portulacoides (shrubby Oracke, or Sea- Purslane.) 
 On the seashore. A straggling, much branched shrub, from 12 
 to 18 inches or 2 feet high, covered with grey, silvery scaliness ; 
 lower leaves oblong or obovate ; upper leaves lanceolate or linear 
 as they ascend the stem. Flowers in short axillary spikes, and 
 in a terminal panicle, small, dull yellow. Sterile and fertile 
 flowers on the same plant in all this genus. Budleigh Salterton, 
 Miss A. Griffiths. (E. B. t. 261.) P. vm.-x. Obione, Bab. 
 
 2. A. laciniata (frosted sea 0.) On sandy seashores. 
 Plant covered with a white scaly meal j stem procumbent and 
 
MO!KOCHLAMYDEJ3. 109 
 
 spreading, rose-coloured ; leaves broadly triangular and coarsely 
 toothed. Male flowers in dense spikes ; female sessile and 
 axillary. Teignmouth sands. Exmouth. A. arenaria, Bab. ; 
 A. rosea, Benth. (E. B. t. 165.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 3. A. pa tula (spreading halberd-leaved O.) In salt-marshes 
 and by the seaside. Plant erect or procumbent ; leaves stalked ; 
 the lower ones broadly triangular, coarsely and irregularly 
 toothed ; uppermost lanceolate and entire. Flowers clustered 
 in slender spikes, in narrow, leafy, terminal panicles. Paignton 
 sands. Goodrington sands. E. B. t. 936 ; A. hastata, Bab. ; 
 A. angusiifolia, E. B. t. 1774, with lanceolate lower leaves and 
 linear upper ones. Paignton. A, deltoidea, E. B. S. t. 2860, with 
 lower leaves halberd-shaped and unequally toothed. Meadfoot, 
 Mr. G. E. Parker. These two last Bentham classes as varying 
 forms of A. patula. A. YI.-X. 
 
 TRIBE III. SALICOKNE.E. 
 SAIiXCORNZA. GLASSWOET. 
 
 S. herbacea (jointed Glasswort.) On the seashore and 
 muddy salt-marshes. A leafless plant, with a jointed herbaceous 
 stem, erect and branched, from 3 to 12 inches high ; joints com- 
 pressed, thickening upwards and hollowed out on each side. 
 Flowers sessile, 3 at the base of each joint of the terminal spikes. 
 Goodrington Marsh. (E. B. t. 415. With the stem procumbent, 
 S. procumlens, E. B. t. 2475.) A. Yin. ix. 
 
 SUBORD. II. SPIROLOBEJE. 
 
 TRIBE IV. SILEDE.E. 
 SU-SEDA. SEA-BLITE. 
 
 1. S. fruticosa (shrubby Sea-Blite.) On the seacoast, rare. 
 Stem from 2 to 3 feet high, shrubby, with numerous upright 
 leafy branches ; leaves succulent, blunt, and semi-cylindrical. 
 Flowers very small, solitary and sessile, green. Budleigh Salter- 
 ton, Miss A. Griffiths. (E. B. t, 635.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 2. S. maritima (annual S.} On the seashore, frequent. A 
 much smaller plant than the last. Stem erect or procumbent, 
 herbaceous, much branched and leafy ; leaves semi-cylindrical, 
 pointed, smooth, and succulent. Flowers sessile, green, with a 
 
110 MONOCHLAMTDE^E. 
 
 pair of narrow ovate bracteas to each. Starcross. Exmouth 
 Warren. Budleigh Salterton. (E. B. t. 633.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 TEIBE V. 
 SALSOLA. SALTWOET. 
 
 S. Kali (prickly S.) On sandy seashores. Stem much 
 branched and extensively spreading, stiff and angular, from 6 
 inches to a foot long ; all the leaves terminated by a stout sharp 
 thorn. Flowers in the upper axils, sessile, pale- greenish, solitary. 
 Paignton and Groodrington sands. (E. B. t. 634.) A. vni. 
 
 OED. LXXI. SCLERANTHACEJE. 
 
 SCLERANTHUS. KNAWEL. 
 
 S. animus (annual Knawel.) Frequent in cornfields. Plant 
 with numerous spreading stems, much branched ; leaves linear, 
 with a membranous margin at their base. Flowers green, soli- 
 tary in the axils of the stem or in terminal leafy clusters. Very 
 common. (E. B. t. 351.) A. VI.-YIII. 
 
 ORD. LXXII. POLYGONACE-ffi. 
 
 POLYGONUM. PEESICARIA, BISTORT, KNOT- 
 GRASS, BUCKWHEAT. 
 
 1. P. aviculare (common Knotgrass) In waste places and 
 cultivated ground. A tough, much branched plant, from a few 
 inches to 2 feet long ; stem erect or procumbent ; leaves oblong, 
 narrow, alternate. Flowers axillary, on short stalks, in clusters 
 of from 2 to 5, small, variegated with red, white, and green ; nut 
 triangular. Abundant. (E. B. t. 1252.) A. v.-ix. 
 
 2. P. Robert! (Robert's K.) Sandy seashores in the west of 
 England. Stem long and straggling, decumbent ; leaves distant, 
 elliptic-lanceolate, succulent, curled at the margin. Flowers 
 small ; nut protruding, smooth and shining. Paignton sands. 
 P. Rail, Bab. (E. B. S. t. 2805.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 3. P. Fagopyrum (common Buckwheat.} About dunghills 
 and in cultivated places. Stem erect, about 1 foot high, wavy ; 
 
MONOCHLAMYDE.E. Ill 
 
 leaves arrow-shaped, cordate at the base. Flowers in spreading 
 terminal clusters, red and white mingled. Not indigenous, sown 
 as food for game and poultry. In fields and about farmyards. 
 Fagopyrum esculentum, Bab. (E. B. t. 1044.) A. vii. vin. 
 
 4. P. Convolvulus (climbing Buckwheat!) In fields and 
 hedges. Stem from 1 or 2 to 5 or 6 feet long, prostrate or climb- 
 ing, and twisting around the stems and branches of neighbouring 
 plants. Leaves stalked, alternate, heart-shaped, and tapering to 
 a point at their ends, wavy. Flowers in short spikes, rising 
 from the axils of the upper leaves, greenish- white with a pink 
 tinge. Too common. (E. B. t. 941.) A. YII.-IX. 
 
 5. P. amphibium (amphibious Persicaria.) In ponds, 
 ditches, and damp ground. Stem from 2 to 3 feet long, round, 
 very little branched when growing in water, clothed with tubular 
 membranous sheaths or stipules, out of which the leaves appear 
 to arise. Leaves ovate- oblong or narrow-lanceolate, or varying 
 between these forms, according to situation. Flower-spikes erect, 
 on a reddish flower- stalk ; flowers of a bright rose-colour. Grood- 
 rington. (E. B. t. 436.) P, vn.-ix. 
 
 6. P. Persicaria (spotted Persicaria.) In ditches and damp 
 waste ground. Stem erect and spreading, from 1 to 2 feet high, 
 branched, sometimes slightly pubescent, reddish. Leaves on 
 short stalks, upper ones nearly sessile, lanceolate, marked in the 
 centre with a dark blotch. Flower-spikes numerous, terminal, 
 on long stalks. Flowers rose-coloured or whitish-green. Sti- 
 pules or sheaths fringed at the top with short, fine bristles. 
 Meadows near the sea at Paignton. (E. B. t. 756.) A. vi.-x. 
 
 7. P. lapathifolium (pale-flowered Persicaria.) In fields, 
 by roadsides, and on dunghills. Bentham says that this is pro- 
 bably a mere variety of P. Persicaria. It is very variable in its 
 appearance ; it is distinguished by having its pedicels and peri- 
 anths dotted with small, prominent glands, by its stipules not 
 being fringed, and by its doubly concave nuts. The flowers vary 
 from whitish to pale green and red. Paignton. Waste piece of 
 ground near Forde bog. (E. B. t. 1382.) A. vn. vin. 
 
 8. P. Hydropiper (biting Persicaria.) In ditches and 
 watery places. Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, erect ; leaves lan- 
 ceolate, waved. Stipules usually with scattered glands. The 
 slender, drooping spikes distinguish it from all the other 
 species. Flowers distant, reddish. Whole plant pungent and 
 acrid to the taste. Forde bog. Wet meadows at Paignton. 
 (E. B. t. 989.) A. vm. ix. 
 
112 
 
 RUKEEX. DOCK, SOEEEL. 
 
 1. R. Hydrolapathum (great Water-Dock^} In ditches 
 and on the sides of rivers and pools. Eoot large and knobby ; 
 stem from 3 to 5 feet high ; leaves lanceolate ; lower leaves very- 
 large, sometimes as much as 18 inches long, heart-shaped at the 
 base. Flowers in crowded whorls, on long terminal spikes. 
 Eiver Exe, near Countess Wear, Fl. D. R. aquaticus, Sm. (E. 
 B. t. 2104.) P. vn. vni. 
 
 2. R. crispus (curled D.) By roadsides, in pastures, and 
 waste places. Plant 2 or 3 feet high ; stem branched ; leaves 
 stalked, lanceolate, acute, very much waved. Flower-whorls 
 very numerous, much crowded when in fruit ; valves or enlarged 
 sepals cordate. Yery common in our fields and pastures. (E. 
 B. t. 1998.) P. VL-viii. 
 
 3. R. obtusifolius (broad-leaved D.) In waste places and 
 by waysides. Stem 2 or 3 feet high, not much branched. Eoot- 
 leaves very large, obtusely heart-shaped, stalked, crisped at the 
 margin ; upper leaves oblong or lanceolate. Flower- whorls dis- 
 tant ; segments of the fruit- covering with 3 small teeth near the 
 base. Common everywhere. (E. B. t. 1999.) P. vn.-ix. 
 
 4. R. sanguineus (bloody-veined D.) Shady pastures and 
 woody places, rare. Stem 2 or 3 feet high ; leaves ovate-lanceo- 
 late, stalked. 'Lower leaves large, and either heart-shaped or 
 rounded at the base. Whorls distant, on long, alternate, leafless 
 branches. Veins of the leaves bright red. In an orchard near 
 Beckey Fall, FL D. (E. B. t. 1533.) The variety of Hooker 
 and Arnott. R. viridis, with green veins to the leaves, frequent. 
 Cockington lanes. Lane between the Warberry Hill and Bab- 
 bicombe, etc. P. vi.-vm. 
 
 5. R. conglomerates (sharp Z>.) In marshy meadows and 
 wet places. Very much like, but distinguished from R. viridis 
 by its leafy flower- stalks, nearly every whorl being accompanied 
 by a leaf. Berry Pomeroy woods. R,. acutus t Sm. (E. B. t. 
 724.) P. V.-vni. 
 
 6. R. pulcher (fiddle D.) By roadsides and in dry waste 
 places. Stem procumbent and spreading, with straggling 
 branches ; lower leaves oblong, stalked, cordate at the base, and 
 narrowed in below their centre, making them somewhat fiddle- 
 shaped. Whorls distant and leafy ; flowers in close clusters. 
 Frequent. Torquay, Cockington, etc. (E. B. t. 1576.) P. V.- 
 VIII. 
 
 7. R. xnaritimus (golden D.) In marshes near the sea, but 
 sometimes found in inland situations. Stem from 12 to 18 
 
MONOCHLAMTDE^l. 113 
 
 inches high, branched and leafy ; leaves lanceolate, narrow, not 
 waved. Flowers very small, in numerous dense leafy whorls. 
 When in seed the whole plant is frequently of a golden-yellow 
 colour. Banks of the canal near Exeter, FL D. (E. B. t. 735.) 
 
 P. VII. VIII. 
 
 8. R. palustris (yellow marsh D.) In marshy and boggy 
 situations. Very much like the last, with linear-lanceolate 
 leaves, but with the flower-whorls much more distant from each 
 other, and the flowers not so crowded. Bovey Heathfield, Fl. D. 
 (E. B. t. 1932.) P. vii.~ix. 
 
 9. R. Acetosa (common Sorrel.) In meadows and pastures, 
 very common. Stem from 1 to 2 feet high, rising generally 
 from a loose cluster of radical leaves, which are oblong and 
 arrow-shaped at the base, with long stalks ; stem-leaves few, on 
 short stalks. Flowers in long terminal leafless clusters, at first 
 greenish, but afterwards turning purplish-red. Abundant. 
 Pastures between Meadfoot and Hope's Nose, Paignton, etc. 
 (E. B. 1. 137 : not an accurate representation of the wild plant.) 
 P. v.-vn. 
 
 10. R. Acetosella (sheep's S.) In dry pastures. Plant 
 vai*ying from 3 or 4 inches to a foot high. Radical leaves linear- 
 lanceolate and arrow-shaped at the base; stem-leaves narrow- 
 lanceolate, but often some of them like the root-leaves. Flowers 
 small, in slender terminal clusters, becoming, as is frequently the 
 case with the whole plant, of a bright red colour. The leaves 
 of this and those of the last described species are pleasantly 
 acid. Common. Meadfoot cliffs. Warberry Hill, etc. (E. B. t. 
 1674.) P. v.-vn. 
 
 ORD. LXXIII. THYMELACE.E. 
 DAPHNE. SPUEGE-LAUEEL. 
 
 D. Laureola (common Spurge- Laurel.) In hedges, woods, 
 and thickets. Stem from 1 to 3 feet high, stout, leafless below, 
 but bearing at its summit a dense spreading cluster of large, 
 smooth, lanceolate leaves, in the midst of which appear several 
 axillary racemes of small green flowers. Leaves evergreen. 
 Near Harford Bridge, on the Erme. Stoke Hill, near Exeter, 
 FL D. (E. B. t. 119.) Sh. n.-iv. 
 
114 MOSTOCHLAMYDE.E. 
 
 ORD. LXXIV. SANTALACE^. 
 
 THSSSIUItt. BASTARD TOADFLAX. 
 
 T. humile (erect bastard Toadflax.} Stem erect, branched 
 from the base ; leaves fleshy, linear, 1-nerved, racemes spiked ; 
 flowers nearly sessile ; fruit 4 or 5 times as long as the perianth. 
 Mr. Babington states in his Manual that he found two specimens 
 of this plant somewhere near Dawlish in 1829. P. VII. vin. 
 
 ORD. LXXV. AEISTOLOCHIACEJE. 
 
 ORD. LXXVI. EMPETEACEJE. 
 
 ORD. LXXVII. EUPHOEBIACEJE. 
 
 MERCURIALIS. MEECUEY. 
 
 M. perennis (perennial, or dog's Mercury.) In woods and 
 shady waste places. Stem a foot or more high; leaves stalked, 
 oblong-lanceolate, serrated, situated mostly at the upper part of 
 the stem ; both male and female flowers in loose axillary spikes, 
 green. Very common in woods and stony, bushy places. Park 
 Hill wood. Carriage- drive to Torre Abbey. Petit Tor, etc. (E. 
 B. t. 1872.) P. iv. v. 
 
 EUPHORBIA. SPUEGE. 
 
 1. E. Peplis (purple Spurge.) On seacoasts, in Devon and 
 Cornwall. Stems numerous, procumbent and spreading, forked ; 
 leaves opposite, on short stalks, oblong-heartshaped ; flowers 
 single, axillary, small, with 4 pitted, yellow or red nectaries. 
 Stems and stalks of a beautiful purplish-crimson; leaves of a 
 greyish-green tinged with red. Sands between Torquay and 
 Paignton. Groodrington sands. (E. B. t. 2002.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 2. E. helioscopia (sun S.) A very common weed in both 
 waste and cultivated ground. Stem erect, round, branched 
 slightly at the base ; leaves obovate, membranous, slightly ser- 
 
MOISXDCHLAMYDEJE. 115 
 
 rate. Flowers in an umbel of 5 spreading rays, which are again 
 divided into 3, and then into 2, yellowish-green. Whole plant 
 full of an acrid milky juice. Abundant everywhere. (E. B. t. 
 883.) A. vi.-x. 
 
 3. E. Paralias (sea S.) On sandy seacoasts. Not frequent. 
 Boot woody ; stems about a foot high, with numerous barren 
 leafy stems at the base ; leaves leathery, elliptic-oblong, very 
 closely packed together and lapping over each other. Umbel ter- 
 minal, of 5 rays, each ray divided into 2. Floral leaves heart- 
 kid i.ey- shaped ; flowers small, yellow. Coast about Torquay. 
 Dawlish Warren. (E. B. t. 195.) P. vm.-x. 
 
 4. E. Portlandica (Portland S.) On the seacoast. Stem 
 about 1 foot high, round and leafy, turning purplish in the 
 Autumn. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, blunt, but with a small hair- 
 like point at the summit. Umbel terminal, 5-rayed, with 2 or 3 
 smaller umbels beneath; flowers greenish-yellow. Meadfoot. 
 Rocks by LiverniBad. Paignton. Teignruouth, etc. (E. B. t. 
 441.) P. Y.-IX. 
 
 5. 12. Peplus (petty S.) In waste and cultivated ground. 
 Stem upright, branching at the base, leafy. Leaves scattered, 
 broadly obovate, stalked ; umbel of 3 rays, repeatedly divided, 
 bracts ovate ; flowers small and green. Very common in fields 
 and gardens. (E. B. t. 959.) A. vn.-ix. 
 
 6. E. exigua (dwarf S.) In cornfields arid waste places. 
 The smallest of all the Spurges. Stem from 3 to 6 inches high, 
 branched at the base ; leaves linear, tapering to a point, alter- 
 nate ; umbel of 3 forked rays ; bracts lanceolate ; flowers small, 
 greenish, with yellow nectaries. Common. (E. B. t. 1336.) A. 
 
 VI.-IX. 
 
 7. E. amygdaloides (wood S.) In woods, thickets, and 
 under hedges. Stems red and tough, from 1 to 2 feet high, bare 
 below but leafy above; leaves ovate-lanceolate, hairy beneath. 
 Flower- stalks scattered, but the stem is crowned by a principal 
 5- or 6-rayed umbel ; flowers small and yellow ; floral leaves or 
 bracts more or less tinted with rose-colour. Very abundant. (E. 
 B. t. 256.) P. m.-v. 
 
 OED. LXXVIII. CALLITRICHACEJE. 
 CAXiLXTRICHE. WATEE STAEWOET. 
 
 C. verna (vernal Waterivo-rt.) In pools, ditches, and slowly 
 running water. Submerged leaves nearly all linear; floating 
 
116 MONOCHLAMTDE^l. 
 
 leaves ovate, a bunch of them collected at the extremities of the 
 branches, and spread out in rose-like form on the water ; stems 
 slender and hair-like ; flowers white, in the axils of the upper 
 leaves. Near Torre Abbey. Paignton osier-beds, etc. (E. B. t. 
 722.) A. iv.-ix. CallitricJie is the only genus in this Order. 
 
 OBD. LXXIX. CEBATOPHYLLACE^. 
 CERATOPHYLLUIYI. HOENWOET. 
 
 C. denier sum (common Hornwort.) In ditches, stagnant 
 waters, and slow streams. Stem long and slender, floating; 
 leaves in very close whorls, 2 or 3 times forked, segments linear ; 
 flowers sessile in the axils of the leaves ; fruit armed with two 
 lateral spines and crowned by the lengthened style. In the 
 Clyst, by Clyst Bridge, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 947.) P. vi. vn. This 
 Order contains only one genus. 
 
 OED. LXXX. URTICACEJE, 
 STJBOED. I. URTICE&. 
 miTICA. NETTLE. 
 
 1. XJ. urens (small Nettle.) In waste places and under 
 hedges, too frequent. Stem 12 or 18 inches high ; leaves oppo- 
 site, elliptical, deeply serrate, bright green, covered with minute 
 hair-like bristles ; flowers in axillary spikes. Abundant. (E. B. 
 t. 1236.) A. vi.-ix. 
 
 2. 17. dioica (great N.) Same situations as the last. Stem 
 erect, from 2 to 3 feet high, bluntly 4- cornered, bristly ; leaves 
 opposite, stalked, heart-shaped at the base, pointed at the extre- 
 mities, sharply serrate ; but sometimes ovate-lanceolate and 
 rounded at the base, covered with stinging hairs ; flower-spikes 
 in pairs, axillary. Everywhere abundant. (E. B. t, 1750.) P. 
 
 PARXETARIA. PELLITOEY OF THE WALL. 
 
 F. ofHcinalis (common Pellitory.) On old walls and among 
 stony rubbish. Plant from 6 to 10 or 12 inches high, having much 
 
117 
 
 the appearance of a Nettle ; stem branched and spreading, tinged 
 with red, leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, slightly hairy, stalked. 
 Flowers in sessile clusters at the base of the leaves, reddish. For 
 an account of the structure of the flowers, which is very curious, 
 see Hooker and Arnott's ' British Flora.' Old walls about Torre 
 Abbey. Cockington, etc. (E. B. t. 879.) P. vi.-ix. 
 
 SUBOED. II. CANNABINE&. 
 
 HUMUX.US. HOP. 
 
 H. Lupulus (common Hop.} In hedges and thickets. Male 
 and female flowers on separate plants. Stems twining and twist- 
 ing over bushes and small trees, often to a great height. Leaves 
 opposite, stalked, large, from 3- to 5-lobed, heart-shaped at the 
 base, sharply serrate. On the male plant, flowers in loose clusters 
 in the axils of the upper leaves, yellowish-green ; on the female, in 
 axillary roundish heads or spikes of thickly crowded bracts or 
 scales, with 2 sessile flowers in each axil : these heads or catkins 
 are the parts of the plant so extensively used in the manufacture 
 of beer. Male plant, in a hedge on the road between Churston 
 Ferrers and Brixham. Female plant, Marychurch. (E. B. t. 427.) 
 P. VII. VIII. 
 
 OED. LXXXI. ULMACE.E. 
 UIiMUS. ELM. 
 
 1. U. montana (Wych JSlm.) In woods and hedges. A 
 large and exceedingly picturesque tree, with wide and spreading 
 branches. Leaves nearly sessile, broadly ovate, doubly serrate, 
 unequal at the base, downy beneath. Flowers reddish-purple, in 
 thick clusters, fruit broadly ovate, or roundish, green, somewhat 
 like a hop-scale. Common in woods and hedges. (E. B. 1. 1887, 
 and U. major, t. 2542.) T. ill. IT. 
 
 2. U. campestris (common Mm.) In hedges, etc. Not un- 
 like the last, but generally a taller and straighter-growing tree ; 
 leaves not quite so large ; but it is mainly distinguishable by its 
 fruit, which is oblong and deeply notched ; its characteristics 
 however are not constant, and the different varieties of Elm 
 seem to glide into each other. Common. (E. B. t. 1886. U. su~ 
 berosa, t. 2161, and U. glabra, t. 2248.) T. in.-v. 
 
118 MONOCHLAMYDEJ3. 
 
 OED. LXXXIL EL^EAGNACE^l. 
 
 OED. LXXXIII. MYRICACE^l. 
 
 MYRICA. GALE. 
 
 M. Gale (sweet G-ale, or Dutch Myrtle.) In bogs and mooiy 
 situations. Dio3cious. Plant from 2 to 3 feet high ; leaves lan- 
 ceolate, serrated towards the top. Catkins sessile towards the 
 ends of the branches ; stamens of male flowers from 4 to 8 ; fe- 
 male catkins shorter and rounder than those of the male, with 
 the long styles projecting from between the scales. The plant is 
 very fragrant when bruised. Milber Down. Forde bog. Bovey 
 Heath. Near Chagford, etc. (E. B. t. 562.) Sh. v.-vn. 
 
 OED. LXXXIY. BETULACE^E. 
 
 BETULA. BIKCH. 
 
 B. alba (common Birch.} In woods and hedges. Monoeci- 
 ous. A slender and graceful tree, with beautifully drooping 
 branches, bark of the stem white, easily peeling oif ; leaves ovate 
 and acute, irregularly serrate. Catkins pendulous ; flowers of the 
 male with from 8 to 12 stamens ; female catkin compact, with 3 
 flowers to each scale ; seed winged. Park Hill wood, etc. (E. 
 B. t. 2198.) T. iv. v. 
 
 AL.NTJS. ALDEB. 
 
 A. glutinosa (common Alder.} Wet meadows and by sides 
 of streams. A middling-sized tree, with crooked, spreading 
 branches. Leaves alternate, stalked, broadly oval or roundish, 
 waved and serrated, downy beneath at the divisions of the veins. 
 Male catkins long and drooping ; flowers with 4 stamens ; fertile 
 ones small and oval, with reddish scales. Very common. (Be- 
 tula Alnus, E. B. t. 1508.) T. m. iv. 
 
MONOCIILAMYDEJE. 119 
 
 OED. LXXXV. SALICACEJE. 
 SALIX. WILLOW, SALLOW, OSIEE. 
 
 Mr. Bentham, in his introduction to the Willow tribe, says, 
 " The great variations in the shape of the leaves of many species, 
 and the difficulty of matching the male and female specimens, or 
 the young and old leaves of those species which flower before the 
 leaves are out, have produced a multiplication of supposed spe- 
 cies, and a confusion in their distinction, beyond all precedent." 
 In his Handbook he reduces the species of British Willows to 
 15, considering that number to include all that can be called truly 
 distinct species. 
 
 1. S. purpurea (purple Willow.} In marshy places and 011 
 banks of rivers. Either a decumbent shrub or a small tree. 
 Leaves lanceolate, widening upwards, pointed, narrowing below 
 into the stalk, serrate, green on the upper but whitish or silky on 
 the under side. Catkins appearing before the leaves, the males 
 sessile, anthers purple ; females shortly stalked, with 2 or 3 small 
 leaf-like bracts at their base ; capsule sessile and very cottony. 
 Bradley, near Newton. Banks of the Teign, near Whyddon Park. 
 (E. B. t. 1388.) Bentham gives, as varieties of this, 8. Helix, E. 
 B. t, 1343 ; 8. Forty ana, t. 1344 ; S. rubra, 1. 1145 ; and S. Lam- 
 bertiana, 1. 1359. T. in. IV. 
 
 2. S. triandra (blunt-stipuled triandrous W.) In wet and 
 marshy places, willow-beds, etc. Height from 20 to 30 feet ; 
 leaves oblong-lanceolate, pointed, white underneath but not 
 downy. Catkins cylindrical, on short leafy shoots ; males with 3 
 stamens beneath each scale ; scales of female catkins persistent. 
 Paignton. Totness, etc. (E. B. t. 1435, and 8. amygdalina, t. 
 1936.) T. iv. v. 
 
 3. S. fragilis (crack W.) In wet woods and willow-beds. 
 A large and bushy tree, with crooked branches. Leaves broadly 
 lanceolate, pointed, large, of a dark shining green, finely serrate. 
 Catkins long and loose ; male flower with 2 stamens ; capsule 
 of the female tapering at the top. Copse at Chudleigh. Marshes 
 below Clyst Bridge. Banks of the Teign, near Chagford. (E. B. 
 t. 1807.) The varieties of this, frequently met with in the same 
 localities, are S. Russelliana, E. B. t. 1808, and S. decipiens, t. 
 1937. T. iv. v. 
 
 4. S. alba (common white W.) In moist woods, meadows, 
 hedgerows ; also in marshes and by riversides. A large tree, 
 growing from 50 to 80 feet high ; foliage of an ashy-grey. Leaves 
 narrow-lanceolate, serrate, the lowest serratures glandular, silky 
 on both sides. Catkins loose, on short, lateral, leafy stalks. Sta- 
 
120 MONOCHLAMYDE-E. 
 
 mens 2 ; capsule nearly sessile, ovate, but slightly tapering at the 
 top. Frequent in damp woods. (E. B. t. 2430.) Also the va- 
 riety with leaves less silky beneath (E. B. t. 2431). T. v. 
 
 5. S. vitellina (yellow W., or golden Osier.) In hedges and 
 osier-grounds. Placed by Babington as a variety of 8. alba, 
 from which it differs in its bright yellow branches, in its long 
 capsule-scales, and its shorter and broader leaves ; the figure in 
 4 English Botany' represents the leaves narrower. Paignton osier- 
 beds. (E. B. t. 1389.) T. v. 
 
 6. S. fusca (dwarf silky W) In moist and dry heaths. A low 
 and straggling shrub, 12 or 18 inches high ; stem decumbent at 
 the base, then ascending and much branched ; the foliage and 
 new shoots very white and silky. Leaves either oblong- lanceo- 
 late, or narrow-oblong, or ovate, slightly serrate. Catkins 
 roundish, sessile when in flower, accompanied by a few leafy 
 bracts ; fruiting catkins longer and slightly stalked ; capsules 
 silky. Forde bog. Bovey Heath. Heathy places at Lind- 
 ridge. (E. B. t. 1960 ; and the varieties S. repens, E. B. t. 183 ; 
 S. argentea, t. 1364 ; S. arbuscula, t. 1366 ; S. prostrata, 1959 ; 
 S. parviflora, t. 1961 ; and S. adscendens, t. 1962.) Sh. in. iv. 
 
 7. S. ambigua (ambiguous Willow.) Similar situations to 
 the last. Given by Bentham as a variety of the last. Its habit 
 rather less creeping, and distinguished by its oval, obovate, or 
 hairy lanceolate leaves, which are somewhat wrinkled. Forde 
 bog. Bovey Heath. (E. B. S. t. 2733.) Sh. v. 
 
 8. S. viminalis (common Osier) In wet meadows and osier- 
 beds. From 10 to 20 feet high, with long switchy branches. 
 Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, sometimes 4 or 5 inches long, 
 silky and shining on their under sides. Catkins nearly if not 
 quite sessile ; males with 2 stamens ; capsules of female downy, 
 tapering upwards. Paignton osier-beds, and watery meadows. 
 (E. B. t. 1898.) S. stipularis, t. 1214, and S. Smitkiana (S. 
 mollissima, E. B. t. 1509), appear to be varieties of this. Sh. 
 IV. Y. 
 
 9. S. cinerea (grey Sallow) In wet woods and hedges, by 
 the sides of rivers, and in swampy places. Sometimes merely a 
 bushy shrub, but in sheltered situations rising to a tree of from 
 20 to 30 feet high. Leaves elliptical or obovate-lanceolate, ser- 
 rated, downy beneath and reticulated with rather prominent 
 veins. Catkins sessile ; capsules lanceolate, pointed, and silky. 
 Very common. (E. B. t. 1897 ; S. aquatica, t. 1437 ; and S. 
 oleifolia, t. 1402.) T. or Sh. in. iv. 
 
 10. S. aurita (round-eared Sallow) In damp woods, etc. 
 A small bushy shrub, from 3 to 4 feet high. Leaves about an 
 inch long, downy beneath, varying from obovate to roundish or 
 
MONOCHLAMTDE^). 121 
 
 oblong, obtuse, but terminating in a curved point, easily distin- 
 guished by their greatly wrinkled appearance. Male catkins 
 small and closely sessile ; female catkins on short stalks, -with 
 small leafy bracts ; capsules stalked, downy. Warberry Hill. 
 Hedges by the Paignton road. Copse by the brook at Chud- 
 leigh. (E. B. t. 1487.) Sh. TV. v. 
 
 11. S. caprea (great round-leaved tSalloiv.) In dryish woods 
 and hedges. A tall shrub or moderate- sized bushy tree, varying 
 from 15 to 30 feet in height. Leaves often large, ovate or ob- 
 long, pointed, distinctly serrate, downy beneath, rounded or 
 broadly heart-shaped at the base. Catkins sessile; the males 
 large and handsome, of an oval form, with bright yellow anthers ; 
 the female catkins broad and short, with leafy bracts ; capsule 
 swelling below, and tapering towards the top, downy-white. 
 Common in woods and hedges. (E. B. t. 1488.) The variety 
 S. sphacelatd 9 in a hedge by the Meadfoot road. (E. B. t. 2333.) 
 Beiitharn thinks, that probably S. acuminata (E. B. t. 1434) be- 
 longs also to this. T. iv. Y. 
 
 12. S. nigricans (darTc-leaved Sallow.) By sides of streams 
 and in osier-grounds. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, crenate, but 
 very variable in size and shape ; young shoots very hairy towards 
 the summit ; the leaves always turn black by being pressed and 
 dried. Catkins about an inch in length, yellow; capsules 
 stalked, conical, and pointed at the top. Near Berry Pomeroy 
 Castle. (E. B. t. 1213.) Sh. IY.-YI. 
 
 POPULUS. POPLAR. 
 
 1. P. alba (great ivhite Poplar, or Abele.) By the sides of 
 streams and in moist open woods. A large, handsome tree, 
 with smooth greyish bark and wide spreading branches ; the 
 young shoots and under sides of the leaves covered with a thick 
 white down. Leaves roundish heart-shaped, irregularly toothed, 
 those of the young shoots 5-lobed, somewhat palmate. Male 
 catkins long, cylindrical, and drooping, anthers violet-blue ; fe- 
 male catkins shorter, ovate. Frequent in woods and plantations. 
 (E. B. t. 1618.) P. canescens (the grey Poplar) is a variety with 
 smaller leaves, which are undivided, and not so white beneath. 
 T. in. iv. 
 
 2. P. tremula (trembling P., or Aspen.) In woods, etc. A 
 smaller and much more slender tree than the last. Leaves nearly 
 round, toothed, pale beneath, but not downy ; leaf-stalks laterally 
 compressed, allowing the leaf to wave and quiver with the slight- 
 est breath of wind. Catkins pendulous, much smaller than 
 
122 MONOCHLAMTDEJE. 
 
 those of P. alba. Woods, etc. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 1909.) 
 T. in. iv. 
 
 3. "P. nigra (black P.) In moist places and by sides of 
 rivers ; not truly indigenous. A tall tree, growing in a pyrami- 
 dal form. Leaves nearly triangular, tapering to a point, serrate ; 
 catkins long, loose, and drooping ; stamens more numerous than 
 in the other species, varying from 8 to 30. Very frequent. 
 (E. B. t. 1910.) T. m. 
 
 ORD. LXXXVI. CUPULIFERuEJ. 
 
 FAGUS. BEECH. 
 
 P. sylvatica (common Beech.) -In woods and plantations. 
 Male and female flowers on the same tree. A large and beautiful 
 tree, with smooth round trunk and thickly- clustered branches. 
 Leaves on short stalks, ovate, obscurely toothed with fine hairs 
 on the edges. Male flowers in a roundish catkin of about a 
 dozen flowers ; female catkins globular, with 2 or 3 sessile 
 flowers in their centres. Nuts 2 or 3, contained in a hard spiny 
 involucre. Park Hill wood. Ansti's Cove lane. Side of the 
 Newton road, near Milber Down. Holy Street, near Chagford, 
 very fine examples. (E. B. t. 1846.) T. in. IT. 
 
 CASTANEA. CHESTNUT. 
 
 C. vulgaris (Spanish Chestnut.) In woods, etc. A stately 
 and magnificent tree, but by most botanists not considered a na- 
 tive. Height from 50 to 80 feet. Branches wide and spreading ; 
 leaves large and shining, oblong-lanceolate, sharply serrate. 
 Barren flowers in long, pendulous, interrupted spikes ; fertile 
 flowers from 1 to 3, in a 4-lobed involucre ; nuts 1 or 2 in the 
 greatly enlarged calyx, which is invested with tangled and com- 
 plicated prickles. In woods and plantations about Torquay. 
 Churston Ferrers, by the roadside ; a very large tree. (Fagus 
 Castanea, E. B. t. 886.) T. v. 
 
 QUERCUS. OAK. 
 
 Q. Robur (common British Oak.) In woods and hedges. A 
 bold and stately tree, attaining to the greatest age of any of our 
 
MONOCHLAMTDE^E. 123 
 
 native trees. Leaves obovate- oblong, deeply sinuate, lobes blunt. 
 Male flowers in slender pendulous clusters ; fruit clustered or 
 spiked, on a fruit- stalk from i to ^ inch long. The variety Q. 
 tessiliflora (E. B. t. 1845) has the fruit-clusters sessile. Very 
 abundant in woods, etc. (E. B. 1. 1342.) T. IY. v. 
 
 CORYLUS. HAZEL-NUT. 
 
 C. Avellana (common Hazel.) In hedges and thickets. A 
 large shrub, but sometimes almost a tree. Leaves roundish 
 heart-shaped, lobed, and pointed, serrated, downy on both sides. 
 Male catkins long and pendulous ; females sessile on the sides of 
 the twigs, with protruding crimson styles ; nut ovate, 1-celled, 
 covered by the leathery-looking fimbriated calyx. Yery common. 
 (E. B. t. 723.) Sh. m. IY. 
 
 CARPINUS. HORNBEAM. 
 
 C. Betulus (common Hornbeam.) In woods and hedges. A 
 small tree, rarely reaching the height of 30 feet. Leaves alter- 
 nate, ovate or heart-shaped, acute, doubly serrate, stalked ; when 
 young curiously plaited. Male catkins sessile ; female flowers in 
 loose, terminal, bracteated clusters ; scales of the fruit in 3 seg- 
 ments, the middle one the longest ; nut small, ovoid, striated. 
 Chagford. (E. B. t. 2032.) T. Y. 
 
 OED. LXXXVIL CONIFERS. 
 
 Pinus sylvestris (Scotch Fir), belonging to this Order, has 
 been extensively planted in this neighbourhood ; and Taxus bac- 
 cata (common Yew) is also to be found in many localities within 
 my prescribed circuit. An ancient Yew-tree formerly grew in 
 the Waldon Hill wood, near the end of the Rock Walk, but was 
 cut dowTi to make way for the recent buildings there ; these trees, 
 however, not being indigenous to the county, cannot, of course, 
 be legitimately placed in our Flora. 
 
124 
 
 CLASS II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS OR ENDOGE- 
 NOUS FLOWERING PLANTS. 
 
 SUB-CLASS I. PETALOIDEJE. (OBD. LXXXVIIL-CV.) 
 
 OED. LXXXVIII. HYDROCHARIDACE.E. 
 HYDROCHARIS. FROG-BIT. 
 
 El. Morsus-ranse (common Frog-bit) In ponds and ditches. 
 Stems floating, having the appearance of creeping runners, and 
 Bending down long radicals. Leaves stalked, roundish kidney- 
 shaped, entire. Flowers white and delicate, barren and fer- 
 tile ones on different plants ; male flowers with from 9 to 12 
 stamens, females with 6 styles, deeply 2-cleft ; capsules 6-celled, 
 containing numerous seeds, which are covered with prominent 
 spirally twisted cells. Ditches at Exminster and Powderham. 
 (E. B. t. 808.) P. vii. vm. 
 
 OED. LXXXIX. ORCHIDACE^. 
 
 EPIPACTIS. HELLEBORINE. 
 
 E. latifolia (broad-leaved Helleborine.) In woods and shady 
 lanes, etc. Root creeping ; stem from 1 or 2 to 3 feet high ; 
 lower leaves ovate, very broad, upper ones narrower, lanceolate ; 
 all the leaves strongly ribbed. Flowers green, with a purple lip, 
 sometimes all purple, pendulous, in a long lateral raceme ; petals 
 shorter than the ovate-lanceolate sepals, lip small. Cockington. 
 Chudleigh. Near Hal don House, Fl. D. (Serapias, E. B. t. 
 269.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 I.ISTERA. BIRD'S-NEST, TWAYBLADE. 
 
 1. !. ovata (common Twayblade.) In damp woods, moist 
 meadows, and wet places. Stem about 1 foot high, with 2 op- 
 
PETALOIDE^l. 125 
 
 posite ovate leaves. Flowers in a long lax spike, crowning the 
 naked stem, small and greenish ; lip long and 2-cleft. Wood by 
 the Newton road. Paignton osier-beds. Berry Pomeroy wood. 
 Ophrys, Linn. (E. B. t. 1548.) P. v. VI. 
 
 2. Ii. Nidus-avis (common Bird's-nest.) In moist woods 
 and thickets. Root of numerous, crowded, fleshy, and bulbous 
 fibres ; stem a foot or more high, clothed with sheathing scales, 
 and bearing no leaves. Flowers of a dusky brown, in a terminal 
 spike ; lip oblong, with 2 spreading lobes. Whole plant of a 
 dingy reddish-brown, having, at first sight, much the appearance 
 of an Orobanche. Berry Pomeroy woods. Ugbrooke Park. 
 Ophrys, Linn. Neottia, Bab. (E.*B. t. 48.) P.? vi. 
 
 NEOTTIA. LADY'S-TRESSES. 
 
 N. spiralis (fragrant Lady's -Tresses.) On dry hilly pas- 
 tures. Root with 2 to 4 oblong root-knobs. Leaves radical and 
 spreading, oblong or broadly ovate ; stem from 4 to 6 inches 
 high, with short sheathing bracts. Flowers in a spiral terminal 
 spike, greenish-white, almond-scented. Park Hill, near the stone 
 seat. Daddy-hole Plain. Babbicombe Down. Spiranthes au- 
 tumnalis, Bab. and Benth. (E. B. t. 541.) P. YIII.-IX. 
 
 ORCHIS. ORCHIS. 
 
 1. O. Morio (green-winged meadow Orchis.) In pastures 
 and meadows. Root-knobs 2, undivided. Stem from 6 to 8 or 
 9 inches high; leaves almost radical, lanceolate. Flowers few, 
 in a loose spike, purple ; bracts slender and tinged with pink ; 
 outer sepals purplish, arching over the petals ; lip 3-lobed, pale 
 in the middle, with purplish spots ; spur blunt, not quite so long 
 as the seed-vessel. Daddyhole Plain. Ilsham Down. Warberry 
 Hill. (E.B. t. 2059.) P. v. vi. 
 
 2. O. mascula (early purple O) In woods and pastures. 
 Root-knobs 2, undivided. Stem a foot or more high. Leaves 
 chiefly radical, long-lanceolate, generally more or less spotted 
 with purple ; flowers in a loose spike, numerous and showy, ge- 
 nerally purple, but sometimes flesh-coloured or white, bracts 
 coloured, the 2 outer sepals turned upwards and converging ; lip 
 of the corolla 3-lobed, the middle lobe largest and notched ; spur 
 ascending, longer than the germen. Daddyhole Plain. Cliff 
 walks at Meadfoot, and beyond Hope's Nose. Bradley woods, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 631.) P. T. 
 
 3. O. ustulata (dwarf dark-winged 0.) On dry, hilly, lime- 
 
126 PETALOIDE^E. 
 
 stone pastures. A beautiful little Orchis, from -4 to 6 inches 
 high. Knobs of the roots entire. Leaves lanceolate, acute. 
 Flowers in a dense, oblong, terminal spike, small and numerous ; 
 lip of the corolla white, with raised purple spots, 3-partite, with 
 linear-oblong lobes. Helmet dark reddish-purple. Spur one-third 
 the length of the germen. Daddyhole Plain (nearly extinct). 
 Babbicombe Down. Berry Head. (E. B. t. 18 : too dingy.) 
 P. vi. 
 
 4. O. maculata (spotted palmate 0.) Wet pastures, woods, 
 and heaths. Root-knobs 2, palmate. Stem about a foot high. 
 Lower leaves blunt, upper linear-lanceolate, all usually spotted 
 with purple. Flowers white or light purple, with darker purple 
 streaks ; lip flat, deeply 3-lobed, middle lobe longer and narrower 
 than the lateral ones ; spur shorter than the germen, bracts as 
 long as or exceeding it. Orchard by the Babbicombe road. 
 Wood on the Newton road. Cockington. Osier-beds at Paignton. 
 Wet wood at Lindridge. Forde bog. (E. B. t. 632.) P. y. vi. 
 
 5. O. latifolia (marsh 0.) In marshes and damp meadows. 
 Root-knobs 2, palmate. Stem from 12 to 18 inches high, hol- 
 low. Leaves large and lanceolate, spreading. Flowers in a dense 
 spike ; bracts long, lower ones exceeding the flowers ; spur 
 snorter than the germen ; lip indistinctly 3-lobed, its sides re- 
 flexed and wavy ; flowers varying in colour from pale pink to 
 purple ; the lip spotted and streaked with purple lines. Paignton 
 osier-beds. Meadows at Shiphay. Forde bog. Banks of the 
 Dart, near Totness, etc. (E. B. t. 2308.) P. vi. 
 
 6. O. pyramidalis (pyramidal O.) In pastures on a lime- 
 stone soil. Root-knobs 2, undivided. Stem a foot or more high. 
 Leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute. Flower-spike pyramidal or 
 cylindrical ; flowers bright reddish -purple, sometimes white ; lip 
 equally 3-lobed ; spur thread-like, longer than the germen. Dad- 
 dyhole Plain. Babbicombe Down. G-oodrington. Kerswell 
 Down. Chudleigh Woods. (E. B. 1. 110.) P. vn. 
 
 HABENARIA. HABENARIA, BUTTERFLY 
 ORCHIS. 
 
 1. H. bifolia (lesser Butterfly -Orchis.) In moist thickets, 
 meadows, and marshes. Root-knobs tapering, undivided. Stem 
 about 1 foot high. Root leaves 2, large, oblong or elliptical ; 
 narrow and bract-like. Flowers white, in a loose spike ; spur 
 slender, twice as long as the germen ; lip linear, entire. Fir 
 wood on the Braddons Hill (extinct). Cockington lanes. 
 Wood on the Newton road. Chudleigh. (E. B. S. 2806.) P. 
 
PETALOIDE^). 127 
 
 2. H. chlorantha (great _B.) Similar situations to the last. 
 Much taller and stouter than the last, which it greatly resembles, 
 and of which it is most probably but a luxuriant variety, the 
 chief difference, except that of size, being that in this the anther 
 is more dilated at the base than it is in H. bifolia. Wood on the 
 Newton road. (Orchis bifolia, E. B. t. 22.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 OPHRYS. OPHRYS. 
 
 O. apifera (Bee-Ophrys.} On limestone pastures and chalky 
 soils. Root-knobs roundish, undivided. Stem from 12 to 18 
 inches high ; leaves broad. Flowers few, large, and distant, re- 
 sembling somewhat a bee upon the wing ; lip swelling, 5-lobed, 
 the 2 lower ones prominent and with a hairy base, the interme- 
 diate ones reflexed. Sepals whitish or greenish, tinged with pink ; 
 lip velvety, rich brown variegated with yellow ; anther lengthened 
 out, terminating in a hooked point. Daddyhole Plain, on the 
 slope leading to the Quarry. Babbicombe Down. Berry Head. 
 (E. B. t. 383.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 ORD. XC. IBIDACEJE. 
 
 IRIS. IRIS, FLOWER-DE-LUCE. 
 
 1. I. Pseudacorus (yellow water Iris, or Cornflag.) In 
 watery places, wet meadows, and woods. Root large ; stem 
 roundish ; leaves long and sword-shaped. Flowers large, bright 
 yellow ; stigmas 3-parted, having the appearance of petals, cover- 
 ing the stamens ; seed-vessel oblong, 3-cornered. Very common. 
 Torre Abbey meadow. Paignton. Forde bog. Kingskerswell, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 578.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 2. I. foetidissima (stinking Iris.} In woods and on hedge- 
 banks. Stem flattened ; leaves sword- shaped, narrower than those 
 of I. Pseudacorus, yielding a fetid odour when bruised. Flowers 
 of a dull pale blue, petals narrow ; seed-vessel large, containing, 
 when ripe, numerous bright red seeds. Very abundant in all our 
 lanes, and in every wood and thicket. (E. B. t. 596.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 TRICHONEMA. TRICHONEMA. 
 
 T. Columns (Columna?s Trichonema.) In sandy places. 
 Root bulbous ; plant 3 or 4 inches high ; leaves slender and 
 
128 PETALOIDEJ3. 
 
 thread-like, furrowed, longer than the flower-stalks. Flowers 
 solitary, pale violet-colour, yellow a*- the lower part within. Daw- 
 lish Warren. (Ixia JJulbocodium, E. B. t. 2549.) P. in. iv. 
 
 ORD. XCI. AMARYLLIDACE^l. 
 
 NARCISSUS. NARCISSUS, DAFFODIL. 
 
 1. N. Pseudo-Narcissus (common Daffodil.) In damp 
 woods and thickets. Boot bulbous. Leaves linear, blunt at the 
 end. Flower- stalk single-flowered ; flowers large, yellow ; petals 
 6 ; nectary bell- shaped, crisped at the margin, as long as the 
 petals ; stamens 6, within the nectary. West Hill, near Tor- 
 quay. Shiphay. Kingskerswell. Barton. (E. B. t. 17.) P. 
 
 III. IV. 
 
 2. N. biflorus (pale Narcissus.) In sandy fields. Root bul- 
 bous. Leaves linear, obtuse, keeled. Flower-stalk usually bearing 
 2 flowers within the spatha ; flowers of 6 pale sulphur- coloured 
 spreading petals ; nectary short, bright yellow, with a white cre- 
 nated margin. Shiphay. Barton. Fields at Paignton, near the 
 Dartmouth road. Fields by the Dart, above Totness Bridge. 
 (E. B. t. 276.) P. iv. v. 
 
 GAIiATOTHUS. SNOWDROP. 
 
 G. nivalis (common Snowob'op.) In old orchards, meadows, 
 and thickets. Root bulbous ; leaves 2, broadly linear. Flowers 
 solitary, white, drooping, inner segments greenish. Orchards at 
 Marychurch. Field at Barton Ridge. Near the brook at Chud- 
 (E. B. t. 19.) P. n. m. 
 
 OED. XCII. DIOSCOREACE^l. 
 TAMUS. BLACK-BRYONY. 
 
 T. communis (common Black- Bryony.) In hedges and 
 thickets. Root large, thick and fleshy, acrid, somewhat like a 
 Yam in appearance, and abounding in starch. Stems very long 
 and climbing ; leaves heart-shaped, acute, undivided. Flowers 
 
PETALOIDE.E. 129 
 
 greenish-white, on long-stalked axillary racemes. Berries red. 
 Hedges about Torquay. Walks above Hope's Nose. Wood near 
 Ansti's Cove. Hedges at Shiphay. Wood by the Newton road, 
 etc. (E. B. t.91.) P. v. vi. 
 
 OED. XCIIL TRILLIACEJE. 
 
 OED. XCIY, LILIACE^E. 
 
 * Roots never bulbous. 
 ASPARAGUS. ASPARAGUS. 
 
 A. ofEcinalis (common Asparagus.) Seacoast and banks of 
 rivers. Rare. Boot creeping and matted ; stem erect, much 
 branched, from 1 to 2 feet high ; leaves numerous, long and hair- 
 like, in feathery clusters. Flowers small, greenish- white, 2 or 3 
 together, on slender axillary flower-stalks ; berries globular, bright 
 red. Banks of the Exe, near Topsharn, Fl. D. Near the bridge 
 above Exeter, Mr. Earle. (E. B. t. 339.) P. viu. 
 
 RUSCUS. BUTCHER'S-BROOM. 
 
 R. aculeatus (common Butcher's- Broom.) In woods and 
 thickets. Plant evergreen, from 2 to 3 feet high ; stem erect and 
 branching ; leaves numerous, rigid, ovate, terminating in a sharp 
 spinous point. Flowers solitary, small and white, on the upper 
 surface of the leaves, which are curiously turned round by a twist 
 at their base. Berries bright red, large in comparison with the 
 flower. Cockington wood. Bradley, near Newton. Wood at 
 Goodrington. (E. B. t. 560.) Sh. m.-v. 
 
 ** Root bulbous. 
 AGRAPHIS. BLUEBELL. 
 
 A. nutans (ivild Hyacinth, or Bluebell.) In woods, thickets, 
 and on hedge-banks. Leaves linear, channelled ; flower-stem a 
 foot or more high, terminating in a beautiful nodding cluster of 
 bell-shaped blue flowers, each flower accompanied by a small, 
 
 K 
 
130 PETALOIDE^E. 
 
 narrow bract at the base of the flower- stalk. Very abundant. 
 Scilla, Sm. (E. B. t. 377.) Hyacinihus nonscriptus, Linn. 
 Endymion, Bab. P. v. 
 
 ALI.IU1M. ONION, GAELIC. 
 
 1. A. vineale (crow Garlic.) In dry fields and waste ground. 
 Root-bulb ovate. Leaves few, long, hollow, and curling. Umbel 
 bearing small greenish bulbs mixed with the flowers, or bulbs 
 only ; flowers few, pale red. Park Hill. Daddyhole Plain. 
 Cliffs near Hope's Nose. Ilsham Down. (E. B. t. 1974.) P. 
 
 VII. 
 
 2. A. ursinum (broad-leaved G, or Ramsons.) In moist 
 woods and shady hedge-banks. Leaves nearly all radical, stalked, 
 ovate-lanceolate, long, flat, and spreading, bright green ; flower- 
 stem from 8 to 10 inches high, crowned by a loose umbel of nu- 
 merous, pretty, white flowers. Whole plant has a strong odour of 
 garlic when bruised. Torre Abbey drive. Cockington lanes. 
 Upton lanes. Bradley woods, in great abundance. (E. B. t. 
 122.) P. v. vi. 
 
 SCXLiIiA. SQUILL. 
 
 S. autumnalis (autumnal Squill.) In dry pastures. Bulb 
 large, coated. Flower-stems from 4 to 8 inches high, appearing 
 after the linear leaves have withered away, according to Bentham ; 
 but coming before the leaves show themselves, according to Ba- 
 bington ; flowers small, bright pinkish-purple. Park Hill, near 
 the stone seat. Daddyhole Plain. Warberry Hill. (E. B. t. 
 78.) P. vn. vin. 
 
 OED. XCV. MELANTHACEJE, 
 COX.CHICUM. MEADOW-SAFFRON. 
 
 C. autumnale (common Meadow- Saffron.) In wet meadows 
 and pastures. Root large and tuberous. Flowers several, bright 
 purple, appearing before the leaves. Leaves flat and lanceolate, 
 often a foot long, and as much as an inch or an inch and a half 
 broad, appearing in the spring together with the capsule which 
 then appears above the surface of the ground, the leaves soon af- 
 terwards withering away. Formerly in Torwood meadows, the 
 site of the present public gardens. (E. B. t. 133.) P. IX. X. 
 
PETALOIDE^E. 131 
 
 OED. XCYI. RESTIACILaS. 
 
 OED. XCVIL JUNCACE^. 
 
 JUNCUS. RUSH, 
 a. Without leaves. Tlw barren stems resembling leaves. 
 
 1. J. effusus (soft Rusk.) In marshy ground, common. The 
 creeping rootstock throws up thick tufts of leafless stems from 2 
 to 4 feet high, which are faintly striated and soft, some of which 
 bear a few inches from the top a lateral, loose, and spreading pa- 
 nicle of greenish or brown flowers. J. conglomerate (common 
 Rush), E. B. t. 835, very much resembles this, but bears its flowers 
 in a dense, globose, and compact panicle. Bentham unites them 
 under the name of J. communis. Forde bog. Meadow by the 
 Babbicombe road, opposite the Lower Warberry road, Bovey 
 Heath, etc. (E. B. t. 836.) P. vn. 
 
 2. J. glaucus (hard R.) In wet pastures and by roadsides. 
 Very near the last in appearance, but much shorter, harder, and 
 stifler, having the pith interrupted while in the two others the pith 
 is continuous ; panicle loose and much branched ; flowers pale 
 brown ; fruit black. Fields about Cockington. Barton. Forde 
 bog, etc. Common. (E. B. t. 665.) P. vn. 
 
 3. J. maritimus (lesser sharp Sea-R.) In sandy marshes. 
 Stems in tufts, from 1 to 3 feet high, sharp-pointed, as are also 
 the sheathing scales at their base ; panicle long and loose, con- 
 sisting of numerous flowers in little distinct clusters. Paignton 
 Marsh. Starcross. Marshes at Kingsteignton. (E. B. t. 1725.) 
 
 P. VJI. VIII. 
 
 4. J. acutus (great sharp Sea-R.) On sandy seashores. 
 Very much taller and stouter than the last, as well as more rigid 
 and prickly ; stems from 3 to 6 feet high. Panicle dense and 
 compact ; flowers brown ; fruit-capsules very large, protruded, 
 of a rich glossy brown. Groodrington marshes. (E. B. t. 1614.) 
 
 P. VII. VIII. 
 
 b. Stems leafy. 
 
 5. J. acutifiorus (sharp-flowered jointed R.) In boggy 
 places. Stem from 18 inches to 2 feet high ; leaves 3 or 4, slightly 
 compressed, and having a jointed appearance. Flowers from 3 
 or 4 to 6 in a cluster, greenish-brown, arranged in a compound 
 terminal panicle. Capsule pale brown. Paignton. Groodring- 
 ton. Blagdon. (J. articulatus, E. B. t. 238.) P. vi.-vm. 
 
132 PETALOIDEJE. 
 
 Bentliam places. J. lamprocarpus, E. B. t. 2143, with this, and 
 thinks also that /. obtusifolius should probably be added. Forde 
 bog. 
 
 6. J. uliginosus (lesser bog jointed jR.) In boggy and 
 swampy places. Very variable in appearance ; stems 3 or 4 inches 
 high, either erect or decumbent ; leaves slender, tapering and 
 pointed, radical ones with broad red sheaths. Panicle irregular, 
 nearly simple, with few distant clusters of flowers. Forde bog. 
 Bovey Heath. J. supinus, Bab. E. B. t. 801. The var. & of Ba- 
 bington, J. nigritellus, with the capsule shorter, and the filaments 
 of the stamens nearly twice as long as the anthers ; in a bog at 
 Ivybridge. P. vi.-vin. 
 
 7. JT. castaneus (clustered alpine jR.) In mountainous bogs 
 chiefly. Eare. Boot slightly creeping. Stem from 8 to 12 
 inches high, hollow, bearing 2 or 3 channelled leaves. Flower- 
 heads terminal, single or 2 or 3 together, 4- or 5-flowered. Cap- 
 sules ovate-oblong, chocolate-coloured. Bovey Heath, Mr. C. 
 Parker. P. vil. vm. 
 
 8. J. compressus (round-fruited E.) In damp marshy 
 places. Stems upright and rather slender, from 12 to 18 inches 
 high, more or less compressed at the base ; leaves nearly radical, 
 few and shorter than the stem, channelled and narrow. Flowers 
 in a loose terminal panicle, bright brown. Capsules roundish- 
 ovate. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 934.) P. vi.-viu. 
 
 9. J. bufonius (toad J2.) In wet and marshy places. Stems 
 numerous, forming thick tufts from 2 to 8 inches high, branching 
 in a forked manner ; leaves slender and thread-like. Flowers so- 
 litary, scattered, mostly sessile, green, with white edges to the 
 perianth-segments. Chudleigh. Bradley. E. B. t. 802. A. 
 
 VII. VIII. 
 
 10. J. squarrosus (heath JK.) On wet heaths and moors. 
 Whole plant stiff and rigid, from 6 to 12 inches high ; leaves 
 numerous, radical, in spreading tufts, linear and channelled. 
 Flowers in a terminal, compound, slightly branched panicle, 
 large, dark brown. Capsule pale brown, shining. Milber Down. 
 Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 933.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 WOOD-EUSH. 
 
 1. Li. sylvatica (great hairy Wood-Rush?) In woods and 
 thickets, in hilly districts. The largest of this genus, the stems 
 rising from 1 to nearly 3 feet high ; leaves large, flat, striated, 
 and grass-like, fringed with long white hairs. Flowers in clus- 
 ters of 2 or 3, in a loose, spreading, compound panicle. Berry 
 
PETALOIDE^). 133 
 
 Pomeroy woods. Banks of the Teign at Gidleigh, near Chag- 
 ford. Holne Chase. Banks of the Exe. (Juncus, E. B. t. 
 737.) P. iv.-vi. 
 
 2. Ii. pilosa (broad-leaved hairy W.) In woods, thickets, 
 and hedges. Stems slender, from 6 to 12 inches high ; leaves 
 lanceolate, hairy, chiefly radical. Flowers in an irregular termi- 
 nal panicle, the flower-stalks of which are from 1- to 3-flowered, 
 when in threes the central flower nearly sessile, the two others on 
 slender stalks. Common in the situations above stated. (Juncus, 
 E. B. t. 736.) P. v. 
 
 3. L. Forsteri (narrow-leaved hairy PP.) In woods and 
 thickets. More slender than the last ; stems about 1 foot high ; 
 leaves linear, hairy. Panicle terminal, slightly branched, flower- 
 stalks 1-flowered, erect both in flower and fruit. Berry Pomeroy 
 woods. (Juncus, E. B. t. 1293.) P. Y. 
 
 4. !. campestris (field TP.) In heathy places, woods, and 
 dry pastures. Stems from 4 inches to a foot high ; leaves linear, 
 hairy. Panicle in 3 or 4 compact ovate heads, with 6 or 8 flowers 
 in each. Walks above Meadfoot. Cliff walks between Hope's 
 Nose and Ansti's Cove. Wood near Bishop's Stowe. Bradley 
 Wood, etc. (Juncus, E. B. t. 672.) P. iv. v. 
 
 NARTHECIUItt. BOG-ASPHODEL. 
 
 N. ossifragum (Lancashire Bog -Asphodel.) In boggy places 
 and moors. Stem erect and rigid, from 6 to 8 inches high, slightly 
 leafy. Leaves mostly radical, shorter than the stem, linear sword- 
 shaped, in 2 opposite ranks. Flowers in a terminal, elongated 
 raceme, bright yellow. Forde bog. Bovey Heath. Boggy places 
 in Dartmoor. Haldon. (E. B. t. 535.) P. vi. VII. 
 
 OED. XCYIII. BUTOMACKE. 
 BUTOMUS. FLOWERING-RUSH. 
 
 B. mnbellatus (common Floivering-Jlush.) In rivers, ditches, 
 and ponds. Leaves all radical, linear, erect, and triangular; 
 flower-stalk springing from the root, much taller than the leaves, 
 stout and rush-like, bearing an irregular umbel of beautiful rose- 
 coloured flowers, having at its base 3 lanceolate bracts. By the 
 Exe, near Exeter. Alpington. Topsham marshes. (E. B. t. 
 651.) P. vi. vn. 
 
134 PETALOIDEJB 
 
 OED. XC1X. AJLISHACEJE. 
 AX.ISMA. WATEE-PLANTAIK 
 
 1. A. Plantag-o (greater Water- Plantain.) By the edges of 
 ditches, ponds, and lakes. Leaves all radical, oval heart-shaped 
 or lanceolate, on long stalks, large. Flower-stalks 2 or 3 feet 
 high, panicled with whorled branches ; flowers small, pale rose- 
 colour. Side of a ditch near the old barn at Torre Abbey. Forde 
 bog. Bovey Heath, etc. (E. B. t. 837.) P. vn. Tin. 
 
 2. A. rammculoides (lesser W.) In wet ditches and turfy 
 bogs. Leaves radical, narrow-lanceolate or linear, on long stalks. 
 Whole plant much smaller than the last, the flowers however are 
 larger and paler, the flower-stalks umbellate ; the fruit of this is 
 globose, while that of A. Plantago is bluntly triangular. Preston, 
 near Kingsteignton, Fl. D. Boggy ground at Lindridge. (E. 
 B. t. 326.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 SAGITTARXA. AEEOW-HEAD. 
 
 S. sagittifolia (common 4rroiv-kead.) In ditches and rivers. 
 Leaves all radical, on very long stalks, rising to the surface of the 
 water, truly arrow-shaped, with lanceolate straight lobes. Flower- 
 stalk upright, leafless, longer than the leaves, the upper part 
 bearing several whorls of handsome white flowers, the upper 
 flowers being staminiferous, and the lower pistilliferous. Eiver 
 Clyst, near Bishop's Clyst Bridge, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 84.) P. VII. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 OED. C. JTTNCAGINACE^. 
 TRIGLOCHIN. AEEOW-GEASS. 
 
 1. T. palustre (marsh Arrmv-grass.) Wet and marshy 
 places. Leaves all radical, linear, succulent, from 2 or 3 to 8 
 inches in length. Flower-stalk 8 or 10 inches high, bearing a 
 loose, simple spike of small yellowish-green flowers. Fruit of 3 
 combined capsules, linear. Petit Tor. Watcombe. Exmouth. 
 (E. B. t. 366.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 2. T. maritimum (seaside A.) In salt-marshes. Larger 
 and stouter than the last ; leaves more succulent ; flowers very 
 similar. Fruit ovate, formed of 6 combined capsules. Good- 
 
PETALOIDEJE. 135 
 
 rington Marsh. Topsham and Exminster marshes. (E. B. t. 
 255.) P. TII. vin. 
 
 ORD. CL TYPHACEJE. 
 
 TYPHA. CAT'S-TAIL, OR REED-MACE. 
 
 T. latifolia (great Reed-Mace.} Margins of ponds and lakes. 
 Stems from 3 to 6 feet high ; leaves very long, and sometimes 
 aearly an inch broad, erect and linear. Flowers terminating the 
 stem, in two continuous cylindrical spikes ; the upper male spike 
 yellow ; the lower female one dark brown and velvety. When in 
 fruit the upper spike becomes a bare stalk, while the lower one 
 enlarges considerably from the swelling of the seeds. Hackney 
 clay-pits, near Kingsteignton. Near Chudleigh. (E. B. 1. 1455). 
 P. VII. VIII. 
 
 SPARGANIUM. BUR-REED. 
 
 1. S. raxnosum (branched Bur- Reed.} By the sides of ditches, 
 lakes, and ponds. Root-leaves very long, linear, sword-shaped, 
 triangular at the base ; stems 2 feet or more high, with a few long 
 linear leaves, having broad membranous sheaths at their base. 
 Flowers in a scattered panicle, formed of from 3 to 6 or 8 simple 
 branches, each bearing several heads of male and female flowers. 
 Ditches near Torre Abbey. Paignton. (E. B. t. 744.) P. vii. 
 
 2. S. simplex (unbrancJied upright J3.) In ditches and by 
 stagnant pools. Smaller than the last ; leaves narrower. Stem 
 unbranched ; flowers sessile at the summit of the simple stem, 
 the lowest female flower however having a short flower-stalk. 
 River Exe, below Cowley Bridge. Clyst, near Clyst Bridge, Fl. 
 D. (E.B. t. 745.) P. vn. 
 
 OED. OIL ARACE.E. 
 
 ARUM. CUCKOO-PINT. 
 
 A. maculatum (Cuckoo-pint, or WaJce-roUn.) In copses 
 and woods, under hedges, etc. Leaves large, radical, on long 
 stalks, ovate-hastate, of a shining green, frequently spotted with 
 black or purple. Spatha, or sheath in which the spike is con- 
 tained, 6 or 8 inches long, swelling out above and below, con- 
 
136 PETALOIDE.E. 
 
 stricted in the centre, and tapering to a point at the top, the 
 edges turned in when open. Spike mostly concealed by the spathai, 
 the yellow or purple club-shaped top alone appearing ; beneath 
 the club is a row of filaments, then whorls of sessile anthers, and 
 at the base several circles of ovaries which, after the flowering, 
 ripen into scarlet berries, and remain after the upper part of the 
 plant has disappeared. Yery abundant. (E. B. 1. 1298.) P. 
 
 OEI>. CUT. ORONTIACEJE. 
 
 ACORUS. SWEET-SEDGKE. 
 
 A. Calamus (common Sweet-Sedge.) On the banks of lakes 
 and streams. Leaves 2 or 3 feet long, linear, erect. Flower- 
 stem with a long leaf- like prolongation beyond the spike. Spike 
 2 or 3 inches long, lateral, covered completely by the yellowish- 
 green flowers. Whole plant when crushed sweet-scented. New 
 Cut, near Exeter, Haine banks, Exeter, Fl. D. Most probably 
 introduced. (E. B. t. 536.) P. vi. 
 
 OED. CIY. PISTIACEJE. 
 
 LEMNA. DUCKWEED. 
 
 1. la. trisulca (ivy-leaved Duckweed?) On ponds and clear 
 stagnant waters. Fronds (or leaves) floating on the water, about 
 half an inch long, elliptic-lanceolate, minutely toothed at one 
 end and tailed at the other, having 2 young fronds springing 
 from opposite sides, and a single thread-like root from beneath. 
 Flowers proceeding from a fissure in the edge of the frond. 
 Exminster, Mr. Earle. (E. B. t. 926.) A. Yi. 
 
 2. Ii. minor (lesser D.) On ponds and stagnant water. 
 Fronds about ^ of an inch long, roundish or broadly ovate, at- 
 tached together in patches and floating on the surface, with one 
 thread-like root under each. Flowers like the last. Yery conv 
 mon. (E. B. t. 1095.) A. YI. 
 
 3. !. polyrrhiza (greater D.) Still waters. Fronds larger 
 than in the other species, about i an inch long and the same ^in 
 breadth, nearly orbicular, convex below ; the under surface and 
 the margin tinged with purple ; roots from each frond numerous. 
 Flowers never seen in England. Ponds at Teigngrace. Ilsing- 
 ton. Topsham. (E. B. t. 2458.) A. 
 
PETALOIDE^E. 137 
 
 4. Ii. gibba (gibbous D.) Stagnant waters, rare. Fronds 
 similar to but larger than L. minor, thick, flat on the upper but 
 nearly hemispherical and cellular on the under side ; a single 
 root descends from each frond. Flower with 2 stamens. Be- 
 tween Bishopsteignton and Kingsteignton. (E. B. t. 1233.) A. 
 
 OED. CV. NAIADACEJE. 
 FOTAMOGETON. PONDWEED. 
 
 1. P. densus (opposite-leaved Pondweed.) In ditches. 
 Leaves submersed, thickly crowded together, opposite, pellucid, 
 clasping the stem, pointed-ovate or lanceolate. Spikes stalked, 
 4-flowered. Flowers green. River Clyst, by St. Mary Clyst 
 Bridge, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 397.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 2. P. pectinatus (fennel-leaved P.) In rivers, ponds, and 
 salt-marshes. Leaves alternate, submersed, very narrow and 
 pointed, sheathing at the base, growing from the slender stems 
 in opposite directions. Flower- spikes rising above the water. 
 Flowers of an olive-green, in interrupted clusters. G-oodrington 
 Marsh. (E. B. t. 323.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 3. P. pusillus (small P.) In ditches and stagnant waters. 
 Leaves submersed, alternate, narrow-linear, sessile. Flower- 
 staUks bearing a spike of 3 or 4 greenish flowers. The var. j3, P. 
 compressuSy E. B. t. 418, with broader leaves and attaining a 
 greater size in all its parts, is united with this by Hooker and 
 Arnott. Ditches near Powderham. Exminster marshes. (E. B. 
 t. 215.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 4. P. crispus (curly P.) In ditches and streams. Leaves 
 alternate, pellucid, linear-oblong, blunt, waved, and serrated, 
 sessile. Flower- stalks longer than the leaves, bearing a lax spike 
 of purplish-brown flowers. Mill-stream near Totness. River 
 Exe. (E. B. t. 1012.) P. vi. 
 
 5. P. perfoliatus (perfoliate P.) In lakes, ditches, and 
 streams. Stem long and slightly branched. Leaves all sub- 
 mersed, alternate, ovate heart -shaped, clasping the stem, pellucid. 
 Flower- spikes short ; flowers dullish purple. River Exe, between 
 Topsham and Exeter, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 168.) P. VII. 
 
 6. P. lucens (shining P.) In lakes, pools, and streams. 
 Stems long, round, and leafy. Leaves submersed, alternate, pel- 
 lucid, stalked, ovate or lanceolate, accompanied by a winged 
 stipule. Spike dense and many-flowered. Flowers dark green. 
 Pools on Haldon. (E. B. t. 376.) P. vi. 
 
138 PETALOIDEJE. 
 
 7. P. rnfescens (reddish P.) In ditches and slow streams. 
 Submersed leaves lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, pellucid j 
 floating leaves obovate, blunt, narrowed into a short stalk, some- 
 what leathery in texture, having usually a purplish tinge. Spikes 
 on long stalks, dense. Flowers reddish. Forde bog. (E. B. t. 
 1286.) P. vn. 
 
 8. P. natans (sharp-fruited broad-leaved P.) In ditches, 
 ponds, and slow streams. Stems round and much branched. 
 Lower submersed leaves linear ; upper leaves numerous, floating, 
 on long stalks, ovate, 2 or 3 inches long. Flower-stalks axillary, 
 round, contracted just beneath the spike. Flowers dull green. 
 Forde bog. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 1822.) P, vi. vn. 
 
 RUPPIA. EUPPIA. 
 
 R. maritima (sea Ruppia.) In salt-water marshes and 
 ditches. Stems long and slender, much branched. Leaves al- 
 ternate, linear, with an inflated membranous sheath at then 1 base. 
 Flower-stalk long and spirally twisted. Nut ovoid. Goodring- 
 ton Marsh. Marshes at Exminster and Powderham. Salt- 
 ditches near Starcross. (E. B. t. 136.) B. vn. vni. 
 
 ZANICHELIiXA. HORNED PONDWEED. 
 
 Z. palustris (common horned Pondtveed.) In ditches and 
 stagnant water. Plant floating. Stems long, thread-like, and 
 branched. Leaves opposite, linear, having a grassy appearance. 
 Flowers axillary, sessile ; sterile flower with one stamen, bearing 
 a 4-celled anther ; fertile one with 4 or 5 stalked germens. Mill- 
 pond at Lympstone, FL D. (E. B. t. 1844) A. or P. v.-vm. 
 
 ZOSTERA. GRASS-WRACK. 
 
 Z. marina (broad-leaved Grass-wrack^) In the sea, from 
 whence it is thrown up by the tide. Leaves grassy, long and 
 linear. Flowers imperfect, the stamens and pistils inserted in two 
 rows upon one side of the flat, thin spadix. Frequent on the 
 shores of Torbay. Teignmoth. Exmouth, etc. (E. B. t. 467.) 
 P. ? vii. vni. 
 
GLUMACEJS. 139 
 
 SUB-CLASS III. G-LUMACE.2E. (OsD. CYI. CYII.) 
 ORD. CVL CYPERACE^l. 
 
 As the plants belonging to this and the following Order cannot 
 be understood without a more minute description of details than 
 it enters into the design of this work to give, I shall merely set 
 before my readers a catalogue of the names and the several habi- 
 tats of such of them as grow in this neighbourhood ; referring 
 those persons who wish to study them, to the excellent Manuals 
 of the British Flora mentioned in my Preface. 
 
 SCEiCENUS. BOG-RUSH. 
 
 S. nigricaris (black Bog-Rush.) In wet moors and boggy 
 places. Forde bog. Bovey Heath. Chudleigh. Boggy heath 
 at Lindridge, near Bishopsteignton. (E. B. t. 1121.) P. V.-TII. 
 
 RHYNCHOSPORA. BEAK-RUSH. 
 
 R. alba (ivhite leak- Rush.) In turfy bogs and wet pastures. 
 Forde bog. Bovey Heath. Bogs in Dartmoor. Schcenus, Linn. 
 (E.B.t. 985.) P. vi. 
 
 EIiEOCHARIS. SPIKE-RUSH. 
 
 1. E. palustris (creeping Spike- Rush.) In wet and marshy 
 places. Wet meadows at Paignton. Forde bog. Bovey 
 Heath. Boggy places in Dartmoor. (Scirpw, E. B. t. 131.) 
 P. vi. 
 
 2. E. multicaulis (many-stalked S.) In marshy places. 
 Near the coal-pits at Bovey Heathfield. (Scirpus, E.B.t. 1187.) 
 P. VII. 
 
 ISOLEPIS. MUD-RUSH. 
 
 1. I. fluitans (floating Mud-Rush.) In ditches and ponds. 
 Bovey Heath. Knighton Heath, near Chudleigh. Scirpus, 
 Linn. (E. B. t. 216.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 2. I. setacea (bristle-stalked M.) In wet sandy and gravelly 
 
140 GLTJMACE^. 
 
 places, frequent. Forde bog. (Scirpus setaceus, E. B. t. 1693.) 
 P. ? vii. viii. 
 
 SCIRPUS. CLUB-BUSH, BULRUSH. 
 
 1. S. lacustris (lake Club-Hush, or Bulrush) On the mar- 
 gins of ponds and lakes. Groodrington Marsh. Pond between 
 Newton and Chudleigh. Banks of the Exe. (E. B. t. 666.) P. 
 
 VI. VII. 
 
 2. S. Tabernremontani (glaucous C.) In rivers and ponds. 
 Starcross. Ditches at Powderhani. S. glaucus, Sm. (E. B. t. 
 2321.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 3. S. maritimus (salt-marsh (7.) Frequent in salt-marshes. 
 Q-oodrington Marsh. Exminster marshes. (E. B. t. 542.) P. 
 
 VII. 
 
 4. S. sylvaticus (wood C.) In damp woods and sides of 
 rivers. Banks of the Teign near Chudleigh Bridge. Kings- 
 teignton, Fl. D. 
 
 5. S. csespitosus (scaly -stalked C.) In moist heathy places 
 and on moors, very common. Forde bog. Milber Down, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 1029.) P. vi.-vni. 
 
 ERIOFHORUM. COTTON-GRASS. 
 
 1. E. vaginatum (hair-tail Cotton- Grass.) In bogs and 
 moors. Forde bog. Haldon. Boggy places in Dartmoor. (E. 
 
 B. t. 873.) P. v. 
 
 2. E. latifolium (broad-leaved C.) In bogs, marshes, and 
 heaths. Not frequent. Bovey Heath and Bovey Tracey, Mr. 
 
 C. E. Parker. (E. polystachion, E. B. t. 563.) P. v. vi. 
 
 3. E. angustifolium (narrow-leaved C.) In turf-bogs, 
 meadows, and moors, common. Babbicombe. Petit Tor. 
 Forde bog, etc. (E. B. t. 564.) P. v. vi. 
 
 KOBRESXA. KOBRESIA. 
 
 K. caricina (compound-Tie aded Kobresia.) Moors and 
 heaths. Haldon Down, plentiful, FL D. Schosnus monoicus, Sm. 
 (E. B. t. 1410.) P. vii. 
 
GLUM ACE, E. 141 
 
 CAREX. CAREX, OR SEDGE. 
 
 1. C. pulicaris (flea Carex.) Frequent in boggy places. 
 Forde bog. Wet heath at Lindridge. Kaighton Heath, near 
 Chudleigh. Haldon, etc. (E. B. t. 543.) P. v. TI. 
 
 2. C. ovalis (oval spiked C.) In bogs and marshy spots. 
 Knighton Heath, near Chudleigh. Goodrington Marsh. Forde 
 bog. (E. B. t. 306.) P. TI. 
 
 3. C. stellulata (little prickly C.) In marshy and heathy 
 places. Knightoii Heath, near Chudleigh. Bovey Heath, etc. 
 (E. B. t. 806.) P. v. TI. 
 
 4. C. curt a (white C.) In bogs and wet places, but not very 
 frequent. Wet places about Chudleigh, FL D. (E. B. t. 1386.) 
 P. vi. 
 
 5. C. remota (distant-spiked C.) In woods and damp shady 
 places, frequent/ Wood near Ansti's Cove. Ilsham, etc. (E. B. 
 t. 832.) P. T. TI. 
 
 6. C. axillaris (axillary-clustered C.) In marshes and wet 
 situations. Watery spot in the thicket near Ilsham Farm. 
 Marychurch. Forde bog. (E. B. t, 993.) P. v. TI. 
 
 7. C. paniculata (great panicled C.) In bogs, and wet, 
 swampy situations. Forde bog. Knighton Heath, near Chud- 
 leigh. "Topsham causeway. (E. B.t.1064.) P. T. TI. 
 
 8. C. teretiuscula (lesser panicled C.) In bogs and watery 
 meadows. Forde bog. Boggy heath at Lindridge. Hsington. 
 (E. B. t. 1065.) P. TI. 
 
 9. C. vulpina (great C.) In wet, boggy situations, and on 
 banks of rivers. Forde bog. Banks of Teign, in many situa- 
 tions. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 307.) P. TI. 
 
 10. C. divulsa (grey C.) In damp shady situations. Chud- 
 leigh, Mr. C. Parker. (E. B. t. 629.) P. T. TI. 
 
 11. C. muricata (greater prickly C.} In damp gravelly 
 pastures and under hedges. Berry Pomeroy woods. Bradley 
 woods. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 1097.) P. T. TI. 
 
 12. C. arenaria (sea C.) On sandy seashores, very frequent. 
 Paignton sands. Goodrington, etc. (E. B. t. 928.) P. T. TI. 
 
 13. C. intermedia (soft brown C.) In wet ground and 
 marshy meadows. Meadows near Torre Abbey. Wet places 
 about Chudleigh. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t, 2042.) P. TI. 
 
 14. C. vulgaris (common C.) In marshy places and wet 
 pastures, very frequent. Banks above Meadfoot. Ilsham. 
 Forde bog. Paignton, ete. (E. B. t. 1507.) P. T. TI. 
 
142 GLUMACEJE. 
 
 15. C. aciita (slender-spiked <?.) In moist meadows and 
 pastures, frequent. Forde bog. Bovey Heath. Paignton. (E. 
 B. t. 580.) P. v. 
 
 16. C. CKtensa (long-bracteated C.) Seaside marshes, rare. 
 Exmouth, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 833.) P. vi. 
 
 17. C. flava (yellow C.) Marshy places and turfy bogs, 
 common. Paignton meadows. Forde bog. Heath at Lindridge, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 1294.) C. (Eden, E. B. t. 1773, is found growing 
 in the same habitats. P. v. vi. 
 
 18. C. distans (loose C.) Marshy places, generally near the 
 sea. Forde bog. Bovey Heath. Knighton Heath, near Chud- 
 leigh. Haldon. (E. B. t. 1234.) P. vi. 
 
 19. C. binervis (green-ribbed C.) To be found in the same 
 localities as the last. (E. B. t. 1235.) P. vi. 
 
 20. C. depauperata (starved wood (7.) In dry woods and 
 hedges. Berry Pomeroy woods. Bradley woods. (E. B. 1. 1098.) 
 P. v. vi. 
 
 21. C. panicea (pink-leaved C.) In bogs and marshy places, 
 frequent. Paignton. Forde bog. Meadows at Newton, near 
 the Teign. (E. B. t. 1505.) P. v. vi. 
 
 22. C. pallescens (pale C.) In wet and marshy places, 
 frequent. Same situations as the last. (E. B. t. 2185.) A. v. vi. 
 
 23. C. sylvatica (pendulous wood C.) In moist and shady 
 woods, frequent. Thicket between Ilsham Farm and Ansti's 
 Cove lane. Berry Pomeroy woods, etc. (E. B. t. 995.) P. v. 
 VI. 
 
 24. C. Pseudo-Cyperus (Cyperus-like C.) In damp places, 
 by the sides of rivers, ponds, and lakes. Stover canal. Banks 
 of canal, near Exeter. St. John's-in-the- Wilderness, near Ex- 
 mouth, Fl. Z>. (E. B. t. 242.) P. vi. 
 
 25. C. pendula (great pendulous C.) In damp woody and 
 shady places. Meadows near Moreton. Near Exmouth, Pi. D. 
 (E. B. t. 2315.) P. v. vi. 
 
 26. C. glauca (glaucous heath C.) In wet pastures, moors, 
 and heaths. Forde bog. Wet heath at Lindridge, etc. (C. re- 
 curva, E. B. t. 1506.) P. vi. 
 
 27. C. digitata (fingered C.) In woods, etc., in limestone 
 countries, rare. Copse close by Forde bog. (E. B. t. 615.) 
 P. v. 
 
 28. C. praecox (vernal C.) In dry pastures and heaths, very 
 frequent. Clifls at Meadfoot. Walks near Hope's Nose. 
 Paignton. Forde bog, etc. (E. B. t. 1099.) P. iv. v. 
 
 29. C. pilulifera (round-headed C.) In bogs and moors, 
 
GLTJMACEJ3. 143 
 
 very frequent. Forde bog. Bovey Heath, etc. (E. B. t. 885.) 
 P. vi. 
 
 30. C. hirta (hairy C.) In damp woods and wet pastures, 
 frequent. Chudleigh wood. Berry Pomeroy woods, etc. (E. 
 B. t. 685.) P. v. vi. 
 
 31. C. vesicaria (short-leaked bladder C.) In bogs and 
 marshes. Knighton Heath, near Chudleigh. Near Topsham. 
 (E. B. t. 779.) P. v. vi. 
 
 32. C. paludosa (lesser common C.) In ditches and on banks 
 of rivers, common. Paignton. Forde bog, etc. (E.B. t. 807.) 
 
 33. C. riparia (great common C.) By the sides of ditches 
 and streams. Banks of the water in front of Forde House. 
 Topsham marshes. Exminster Marsh, etc. (E. B. t. 579.) P. 
 
 OBD. CYII. GRAMINE.ffi. 
 
 Those who wish to distinguish the different genera of this 
 Order will be greatly assisted by consulting plates 6-9, at the 
 end of Hooker and Arnott's ' British Flora ;' Parnell's ' Grasses 
 of Britain,' containing excellent figures of the numerous species, 
 and Sowerby's plates of ' Grasses ' in 'English Botany,' may also 
 be studied with considerable advantage. 
 
 ANTHOXANTHUM. VEENAL-GEASS. 
 
 A. odoratum (sweet-scented Vernal- Grass.) In meadows, 
 woods, and pastures, very abundant, Walks at Meadfoot. 
 Meadows about Torquay, etc. (E. B. t. 647.) P. V. VI. 
 
 NARDUS. MAT-GEASS. 
 
 N. stricta (Mat-Grass.)^-M.ost abundant on all our heaths 
 and moors, constituting often the chief part of the turf. (E. B. 
 t. 290.) P. vi. 
 
 AIiOFECURUS. FOXTAIL-GEASS. 
 
 1. A. pratensis (meadow Foxtail- Grass.) Common in mea- 
 dows and pastures. Fields, etc., about Torquay, Marychurch, 
 Paignton, etc. (E. B. t. 759.) P. v. VI. 
 
144 GLTJMACE^J. 
 
 2. A. agrestis (slender F.) In fields and by waysides. Un- 
 der hedges and by roadsides in the neighbourhood of Torquay. 
 Common. (E. B. t. 848.) A. V.-YII. 
 
 3. A. bulbosus (tuberous F.) In salt-marshes, rare. Good- 
 rington Marsh. (E. B. t. 1249.) P. V.-YII. 
 
 4. A. geniculatus (floating F.) In pools and wet and 
 marshy places. Goodrington Marsh. (E. B. t. 1250.) P. v.- 
 
 VIII. 
 
 PHALARIS. CANAEY-GEASS. 
 
 1. P. Canariensis (cultivated Canary- Grass.) Found some- 
 times in fields and by roadsides, but not indigenous. Side of the 
 cliffs by the New Eoad, Mr. C. F. Parker. 
 
 2. P. arundinacea (reed C.) Banks of rivers and lakes. 
 Stream behind Forde House. Banks of Teign, in many places. 
 (E. B. t. 402.) P. vii. Yin. 
 
 PHLEUM. CAT'S-TAIL GEASS. 
 
 1. P. pratense (common (7., or Timothy- Grass.)- Meadows 
 and pastures. About Torquay, etc., very common. (E. B. t. 
 1076.) P. vi.-x. The variety P. nodosum, in fields at Mary- 
 church. 
 
 2. P. arenarium (sea C.) In sandy situations near the sea. 
 Paignton sands, (Phalaris, E. B. t. 222.) A. v. vi. 
 
 MILIUM. MILLET-GEASS. 
 
 M. effusum (spreading Millet- Grass.) In damp and shady 
 woods. Bradley woods. (E. B. 1. 1106.) P, v, vi. 
 
 GASTRIDIUM. NIT-GEASS. 
 
 G. lendigerum (awned Nit- Grass.) Damp places near the 
 sea, rare. Babbicombe, slope leading from the down to the 
 beach. (Milium, E. B. t. 1107.) P. Vl.-ix, 
 
GLtTMACEJE. 145 
 
 CAIiAMAGROSTIS. SMALL-REED. 
 
 C. lanceolata (purple-flowered Small-Reed.) In wet places. 
 Ditches near Torre Abbey. Paignton. Arundo Calamagrostis, 
 Linn. (E. B. t. 2159.) P. vn. 
 
 AMIV1OPHILA. SEA-REED. 
 
 A. arnndinacea (common Sea-Heed^ Marum^ or Matweed.) 
 On sandy seashores. Teignmouth. Exmouth sands. (Arundo 
 arenaria, E. B. t. 520.) Psamma, Bab. P. Til.. 
 
 AGROSTZS. BENT-GRASS. 
 
 1. A. canina (brown Bent-G-rass.) In moist heaths and 
 moors. Forde bog. Bovey Heath, etc. (E. B. t. 1856.) P. 
 
 VI. VII. 
 
 2. A. setacea (bristle-leaved B.) On dry downs, but very 
 local, confined to the south and south-west parts of England. 
 Milber Down. Kerswell Down. Holne Chase. (E. B. t. 2138.) 
 P. vi. vn. 
 
 3. A. vulgaris (fine B.) In meadows, pastures, and on 
 hedge-banks. Common everywhere about the neighbourhood. 
 (E. B. t. 1671.) P. vn. 
 
 4. A. alba (marsh B.) In pastures, meadows, and by road- 
 sides. Fields about Torquay and the vicinity. (E. B. t. 1189.) 
 P. vi. vin. The variety #, A. stolonifera, is found at Torquay 
 and on the rocks around Torbay. 
 
 AIRA. HAIR-GRASS. 
 
 1. A. csespitosa (tufted Hair-Grass.} In damp shady places, 
 and borders of meadows. Base of the cliffs on the new sea- 
 road, near the turnpike. (E. B. t. 1453.) P. vi. vn. 
 
 2. A. flexuosa (waved H.) Abundant on heaths and hilly 
 pastures. Meadfoot cliffs. Daddyhole Plain, on the descent to 
 the quarry, etc. (E. B. t. 1519.) P. vn. 
 
 3. A. caryophyllea (silvery H.) On hills and pastures, fre- 
 
 L 
 
146 GLtTMACE^E. 
 
 quent. Meadfoot, base of the cliffs by the sea-road. Daddyhole 
 Plain. Kerswell Down, etc. (E. B. t. 812.) P. v. vii. 
 
 4. A, prsecox (early H.) On hills and dry pastures, com- 
 mon, Meadfoot. Paignton sands, etc. (E. B. t. 1296.) A. 
 v. vi. 
 
 MOXiINIA. MOLINIA. 
 
 M. caerulea (piirple Molinia.) On wet heaths and moors. 
 Milber Down. Bovey Heath. Lindridge Heath. Haldon. 
 Various parts of Dartmoor. (Melica, E. B. t. 750.) P. vn. vm. 
 
 MELZCA. MELIC-ORASS. 
 
 M. uniflora (wood M.) Frequent in shady woods and 
 thickets. Bradley woods. Berry Pomeroy woods. Chudleigh, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 1058.) P. v.-vn. 
 
 HOLCUS. SOFT-GTRASS. 
 
 1. H. mollis (creeping Soft- Grass.} Frequent in all our 
 meadows, pastures, and hedgesides. (E. B. t. 1170.) P. vn. 
 
 2. H. lanatus (meadow S.) In meadows, pastures, and 
 woods. Very frequent. (E. B. t. 1169.) P. vi. Vii. 
 
 ARRHENATHERUltt. OAT-LIKE GRASS. 
 
 A. avenaceum (common oat-like Grass.) Frequent in 
 hedges and pastures. This and the var. A. nodosum are found 
 in meadows about Torquay and on the cliffs at Meadfoot. (Hol- 
 cus avenaceus, E. B. t. 813.) P. VI. vii. 
 
 KGBXiERXA. KGELEEIA. 
 
 K. cristata (crested Koeleria.) In dry pastures. Daddy- 
 hole Plain, side of the descent to the quarry. Marychurch. 
 Aira, Linn. (E. B. t. 648.) P. vi. vn. 
 
GLTJMACE^:. 147 
 
 POA. MEADOW-GRASS. 
 
 1. P. aquatica (Reed Meadow-Grass.) By the sides of ponds, 
 rivers, and ditches. Side of the stream in Torre Abbey meadow. 
 Pool of water near Bishopstowe, opposite the path leading on to 
 Babbicombe Down. Goodrington Marsh. Meadow behind Forde 
 House. (E. B. t. 1315.) Glyceria, Bab. P. YI. vn. 
 
 2. P. fluitans (floating M. t or Flote- Grass.) Common in 
 ditches and watery places. Paignton meadows. Marychurch, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 1520.) Glyceria, Bab. P. vi.-ix. 
 
 3. P. maritima (creeping sea M.) In damp places by the 
 seacoast. Paignton sands. Teignmouth. Exmouth. (E. B. 
 t. 1140.) Sclerochloa, Bab. P. VI. VII. 
 
 4. P. distans (reflexed M.) Waste sandy places and near 
 the seashore. IJennock, Mr. C. JS. Parker. Sandy spots about 
 Exmouth, PL D. (E. B. t. 986.) Sclerochloa, Bab. P. vi.- 
 vni. 
 
 5. P. procuxnbens (procumbent sea M.) In salt-marshes. 
 Paignton. Goodrington Marsh. (E. B. t. 532.) Sclerochloa, 
 Bab. A. vi. vn. 
 
 6. P. rigida (hard M.) On old walls, rocks, and in dry 
 barren ground. Walls about Torquay. Daddyhole Plain, on 
 the descent to the quarry. Kerswell Down. Milber Down. 
 Eocky places about Dartmoor, etc. (E. B. 1. 1371.) Sclerochloa, 
 Bab. A. v. VI. 
 
 7. P. compressa (flat -stemmed M.) On tops of walls and 
 in dry situations. Old walls at Torre, Mr. C. 13. Parker. Rocks 
 at Chudleigh. Nutwell, near Lympstone, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 365.) 
 P. vi. vn. ft. P. polynoda, ParnelTs Grasses, tt. 39, 91, 92. 
 Down above Ansti's Cove, Mr. C. E. Parker. 
 
 8. P. pratensis (smooth-stalked M.) Frequent in meadows 
 and pastures. Growing abundantly about Torquay and the 
 neighbourhood. (E.B. 1. 1073.) P. vi.-vn. 
 
 9. P. trivialis (roughish M.) Common in meadows and 
 pastures. Under hedges and in meadows, etc., about Torquay 
 and Marychurch. (E. B. t. 1072.) A. vi. vn. 
 
 10. P. bulbosa (bulbous M.) On sandy seashores. Paign- 
 ton sands. Teignmouth Den. (E. B. t. 1071.) A. rv. v. 
 
 11. P. annua (annual M') In meadows and pastures, under 
 hedges, and by roadsides. Very abundant everywhere. (E. B. 
 t. 1141.) A. ni.-ix. 
 
148 GLTJMACE^E. 
 
 TRIODIA. HEATH-GEASS. 
 
 T. decumbens (decumbent Heath- Grass.) On heaths, moors, 
 and dry mountain pastures. Haldon, Hightor Down, Fl. D. 
 Middleton Down, near Chagford. Should be looked for on 
 Milber Down. (Poa, E. B. t. 792.) P. vn. 
 
 BRIZA. QUAKING-GEASS. 
 
 B. media (common Quaking- Grass.) In meadows and pas- 
 tures, growing abundantly. Meadfoot. Daddyhole Plain. 
 Meadows on the Warberry Hill, etc. (E. B. t. 340.) P. VI. 
 
 DACTYLIS. COCK'S-FOOT GEASS. 
 
 D. glomerata (rough coctis-foot Grass) By roadsides, in 
 meadows and woods. Very abundant everywhere in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Torquay. (E. B. t. 335.) P. vi. vii. 
 
 CVNOSURUS. DOG'S-TAIL GEASS. 
 
 C. cristatus (crested dog's-tail Grass.) In dry fields and 
 pastures. Torre Abbey meadows. Side of Paignton road. 
 Chelston meadows. Meadow by Livermead Cottage. Mary- 
 church, abundant. (E. B. t. 316.) P. vn. 
 
 FESTUCA. FESCUE-GEASS. 
 
 1. P. uniglumis (single- glumed Fescue- Grass.) On sandy 
 seashores. Base of the cliffs at Meadfoot. Exmouth sands. (E. 
 
 B. t. 1430.) A. vi. 
 
 2. P. bromoides (barren F.) On old walls and in dry sandy 
 places. Park Hill. Daddyhole Plain. Paignton Green. Kerswell 
 Down, etc. (E. B. t. 1411.) F. sciuroides, Bab. A. ? VI. vn. 
 
 3. P. myurus (wall Fescue- Grass.) In similar situations to 
 the last. Kingskerswell, on old walls. Near Forde bog, Mr. 
 
 C. E. Parker. Waste ground by the new cut at Meadfoot. (E. 
 B. t. 1412.) A. ? vi. Vii. 
 
GLTJMACE^E. 149 
 
 4. F. ovina (sheep's F.) On dry hilly pastures. Daddyhole 
 Plain, on the descent to the quarry. Ilsham, etc. (E. B. t. 585.) 
 Var. , F. duriuscula, E. B. t. 470. Ilsham, Mary church. P. vi. 
 
 5. P. pratensis (meadow F.) In damp meadows and pas- 
 tures, common. Side of meadow near the old gate-house on the 
 Babbicombe road. Fields at Marychurch, etc. (E. B. t. 1592.) 
 The var. (if it is not a really distinct species), F. loliacea, I 
 have found on Meadfoot cliffs, Daddyhole Plain, on the slope to 
 the quarry, and on Kerswell Down (E. B. 1. 1821), much coarser 
 in all its parts than my specimens. P. vi. vn. 
 
 6. P. elatior (tall F.) In damp pastures and sides of rivers. 
 Waldon Hill (formerly : habitat destroyed by building). Mea- 
 dows about Torquay. Paignton meadows. Shaldon. Teign- 
 mouth. (E. B. t. 1593.) F. arundinacea, Bab., grows in great 
 plenty at the base of the Meadfoot cliffs by the side of the sea- 
 road, and sparingly by the side of new road under the Waldon 
 Hill, near the turnpike. (P. vi. vn.) 
 
 7. P. gigantea (tall bearded F.) In moist woods and thick- 
 ets. Copse near Ansti's Cove. Wood by the Newton road. 
 Woods at Shiphay. (E. B. t 1820.) P. vn. 
 
 BROMUS. BROME-GRASS. 
 
 1. B. erectus (upright Brome- Grass.) In dry sandy fields 
 and by roadsides. Chudleigh, Mr. C. E. Parker. (E. B. t. 471.) 
 P. VI. VII. 
 
 2. B. asper (hairy wood B.) Under hedges, and in damp 
 woods and thickets. Frequent by the hedges in lanes about 
 Cockington and Shiphay. Marychurch. Berry Pomeroy woods. 
 (E. B. t. 1172.) A. or B. VIL 
 
 3. B. sterilis (barren B.) In waste places. Very abundant 
 everywhere. Rock Walk. Meadfoot cliff's. Hope's Nose. Sides 
 of nearly all the roads and lanes. (E. B. t. 1030.) A. vi. 
 
 4. B. diandrus (upright annual B.) In dry sandy places. 
 Not common. Rocky valley to the right of the Teignmouth 
 road, Mr. C. E. Parker. (E. B. t. 1006.) A. VI. vn. 
 
 5. B. secalinus (smooth Rye B.) In cornfields, occasion- 
 ally. Fields near Hope's Nose, Mr. C. E. Parker. (E. B. t. 
 1171.) Serrafaleus, Bab. B. velutinus, Sm. (E.B. t. 1884), is 
 also to be found in the same locality. A. or B. vi. vn. 
 
 6. B. commutatus (tumid field B.) Common by road- 
 sides and in cornfields. Barton. Marychurch, etc. (B. pra- 
 
150 
 
 GLUMACE^E. 
 
 tensis, E. B. t. 920.) Serrafalcus, Bab. The variety multiflorus 
 of Parnell was found at Ilsham by Mr. C. E. Parker. B. vi. vu. 
 
 7. B. racemosus (smooth B.) In meadows and pastures. 
 Fields at Chelston, Cockington, etc. (E. B. t. 1079.) Serra- 
 falcus, Bab. B. vi. 
 
 8. B. xnollis (soft B.) In meadows and pastures, on banks, 
 and by roadsides ; frequent everywhere. The varieties ovalis 
 and nanus of Parnell grow on Paignton sands. (E. B. t. 1078.) 
 SerrafalcuS) Bab. A. or B. v. vi. 
 
 9. B. arvensis (taper field B.) In fields, occasionally. 
 Kingsteignton, Bishopsteignton, Fl. D. According to Mr. Bab- 
 
 ^ ington, " not even naturalized." (E. B. t. 1984.) A. VII. vm. 
 
 A VENA. OAT, OAT-GKASS. 
 
 1. A. fatua (wild Oat.) In cornfields, occasionally. Fields 
 on the Warberry Hill. Ilsham. Marychurch. (E. B. t. 2221.) 
 A. vii. 
 
 2. A. strigosa (bristle-pointed 0.) Common in cornfields. 
 Fields at Torquay, Ilsham, and Marychurch. (E. B. t. 1266.) 
 A. vii. 
 
 3. A. pratensis (narrotv-leaveed perennial 0.) In dry pas- 
 tures and heathy and mountainous situations. Near Daddyhole 
 Plain. Babbicombe. Newton. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 1204.) 
 P. vi. 
 
 4. A. pubescens (downy 0.) In dry pastures, in chalky 
 and limestone districts. Ilsham Down. Babbicombe. Kers- 
 well Down, etc. (E. B. t. 1640.) P. vii. 
 
 5. A. flavescens (yellow O.) Frequent in dry meadows and 
 pastures. Walks above Meadfoot. Kingsteignton. Meadows 
 between Bishopsteignton and Lindridge. Chudleigh. (E. B. t. 
 952.) Trisetum y Bab. P. vu. 
 
 FHRAGMITBS. EEED. 
 
 P. communis (common Reed.} In ditches, by margins of 
 lakes and rivers, very abundant. Meadow by the side of Torre 
 Abbey. Wet meadows at Paignton. Maidencombe. Forde 
 bog. Teignmouth. Exmouth, etc. Arundo Phragmites, Linn. 
 (E. B. t. 401.) P. vii. vni. 
 
GLT7MACEJ3. 151 
 
 ELYMUS. LYME-GRASS. 
 
 E. arenarius (upright sea Lyme-Grass.) On sandy sea- 
 shores. Paignton sands. Goodrington sands. Exmouth sands, 
 etc. (E. B. t. 1672.) P. vn. 
 
 HCRDEUM. BARLEY. 
 
 1. H. pratense (meadow Barley.) In damp meadows and 
 pastures. Side of the Babbicombe road, just opposite Wells- 
 wood Park. Meadows at Ilsham. Fields near Newton. Chud- 
 leigh, etc. (E. B. t. 409.) A. vi. vu. 
 
 2. K. murinum (wall B.) In waste places, by sides of walls, 
 etc. In dry rocky places and by waysides about Torquay. 
 Teignmouth. 'Dawlish. Newton, etc. (E. B. t. 1971.) A. 
 
 VI. VII. 
 
 3. H. maritimum (seaside B.) In sandy and dry pastures 
 near the sea. Paignton sands. Goodrington sands. Waste 
 ground by the side of the sea walk at Teignmouth. Exmouth 
 sands. (E. B. t. 1205.) A. vi. 
 
 TRITICUM. WHEAT, WHEAT-GRASS. 
 
 1. T. junceum (rushy sea Wheat-Grass.) On the seashore. 
 Side of the New Road. Paignton sands. Teignmouth. Dawlish. 
 Exmouth. (E. B. t. 814.) P. vu. vm. 
 
 2. T. laxum (flat-leaved sea W.) On sandy seashores. 
 New Road, near the cliffs. Paignton sands, near the harbour. 
 P. vi.-vm. 
 
 3. T. repens (creeping PP., or Couch- Grass.) In fields and 
 waste places. Common everywhere about the neighbourhood. 
 (E. B. t. 909.) P. vii. Var. 0, T, littorale, Paignton sands, 
 Mr. C. E. Parker. 
 
 4. T. caninuxn (fibrous-rooted W.) In woods, under hedges, 
 and on banks. Field near Hope's Nose. Marychurch. Paign- 
 ton. (E. B. t. 1372.) P. vii. 
 
 BRACHYPODIUM. FALSE BROME-GRASS. 
 1. B. sylvaticum (slender false Brome- Grass.) In woods 
 
152 GLUMACEJB. 
 
 and hedges. Wood on the Newton road. Bradley woods. 
 Berry Pomeroy woods. Chudleigh rocks and the neighbouring 
 woods, FL D. (Bromus sylvaticus, E. B. t. 729.) P. vn. 
 
 2. B. pinnatum (heath false .) Open fields and heathy 
 places, on dry limestone soil. Milber Down. Bovey Heath. 
 Chudleigh, Ingsdon near Ilsington, Bovey Tracey, Ashburton. 
 FL D. (Bronws pinnatus, E. B. t. 730.) P. vn. 
 
 LOLIUM. DARNEL, RYE-GRASS. 
 
 1. L. perenne (perennial or beardless Rye-Grass.) By road- 
 sides, in pastures and waste places, etc., very frequent. Growing 
 most abundantly in every pasture and waste ground in the 
 neighbourhood. (E. B. t. 315.) P. vi. 
 
 2. It. Italicum (Italian Eye- Grass.) In pastures and waste 
 places, occasionally. Piece of waste ground near the new car- 
 riage-drive above Meadfoot cliffs. Field near Ilsham Farm. 
 Side of the hedge by the road leading from the Warberry Hill to 
 the Ellacombe lanes. L. multiflorum, H. and A. B. or P. vi. 
 
 3. L. temulentum (Darnel.) In cultivated fields, not so 
 frequent as L. perenne. Fields at Mary church. Ilsham. Chud- 
 leigh. Near Woodbury, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 1124.) A. Vi.-vim 
 
 LEPTURUS. HARD-GRASS. 
 
 L. incurvatus (sea Hard- Grass.) On the seashore, not com- 
 mon. Berry Head. Exmouth. 'Flora Devoniensis' gives as a 
 habitat for this, " Parsonage stile, Lympstone ;" apparently not 
 a very likely locality. (Rotballia, E. B. t. 760.) A. vn. 
 
 End of tlie Pnsenogamous or Flowering Plants. 
 
FILICES. 153 
 
 CLASS III. ACOTYLEDONOTJS OR CELLULAR 
 PLANTS. 
 
 "Whole plant with a cellular structure (except in the true 
 Ferns, which have tubular vessels among the cells, and hence ap- 
 proach the Second Class) . There are no real flowers, nothing that 
 can be considered as stamen or pistil. The seeds, or organs of 
 reproduction, are without any distinct embryo, consequently with- 
 out any cotyledon. This Class corresponds with the Twenty-fourth 
 (Cryptogamia) in the Linnaean system." Brit. Flora. 
 
 STJB-CLASS I. FILICES. 
 
 In describing' the Ferns I have departed from the arrangement 
 adopted in the ' British Flora,' and have followed that used by 
 Mr. Moore in his excellent ' Handbook of British Ferns,' a work 
 in which all the species and their many varieties are most clearly 
 and accurately described, and which those who are desirous of 
 making themselves acquainted with this beautiful order of plants 
 will do well to study. 
 
 OED. I. POLYPODIACEJE. 
 
 POIiYFODIUIVI. POLYPODY. 
 
 "Sori without any indusium, globose or ovoid, superficial or im- 
 mersed, the receptacles terminal or medial on the free veins. 
 Veins simple or forked, from a central costa j venules free." 
 Moore's Handbook. 
 
 1. Folypodium vulgare (common Polypody.) On walls, 
 shady rocks, banks, decayed stumps of trees, and old thatched 
 roofs. Fronds deeply pinnatifid ; lobes linear-oblong, obscurely ser- 
 rate, becoming gradually smaller towards the apex of the frond. 
 Rhizome, or rootstock, creeping, branched, densely covered with 
 brown scales. Stipes, or stalk, nearly equal in length to the leafy 
 part of the frond, and distinctly jointed at the base with the 
 caudex. Fronds varying in figure from strap-shaped or narrow- 
 oblong to a more or less ovate form. Venation of each lobe con- 
 sisting of a prominent wavy midvein, branching alternately ; the 
 lateral branches are again divided into from 3 to 5 small veins, one 
 of which terminates in a sorus, and the others, which are barren, 
 end in transparent knobs, which form a line near the margin of 
 
154 FILICES. 
 
 the lobes. Fructification on the back of the frond, and confined 
 usually to its upper part ; clusters large and circular, without 
 any indusium or covering ; sori tawny or orange-coloured. Very 
 abundant. In the chasm at Daddyhole Plain. Cockington lanes. 
 Babbicombe and Ilsham Downs. Maidencombe. Forde bog. 
 Bradley woods, etc. (E. B. t. 1149.) Moore, 'Nature- Printed 
 Ferns,' 1. 1. The variety, P. semilacerum, Moore, ' Nature- Printed 
 Ferns,' t. 2, " fronds pinnatifid and fertile above, bipinnatifid 
 below; lobules distinct, linear, acute, serrate" (Moore's Hand- 
 boofc), is found sometimes on the rocks at Ansti's Cove, and on 
 the ruined walls of Berry Pomeroy Castle. P. vn.-x. 
 
 2. P. Phegopteris (mountain Polypody , or Seech Fern.) 
 In damp woods, in hilly countries, and in the neighbourhood of 
 waterfalls, the spray of which it appears to delight in. " Fronds 
 pinnate ; pinnee linear-lanceolate, united at the base, pinnatifid 
 with linear blunt lobes ; lowest pair of pinnee turned dowmvards 
 a*dforwards,the rest upwards, clusters marginal" (Sab. Manual). 
 Rhizome dark- coloured, extensively creeping, somewhat scaly, 
 and sending forth black wiry roots. Fronds from 4 to 20 inches 
 long, triangular in outline, borne on a stipes as long as or gene- 
 rally longer than itself. Pinnae very acute, with the exception 
 of the lowest pair, pointing upwards, deeply pinnatifid, those 
 near the apex becoming gradually entire ; lowest pair of pinnae 
 distinct from the rest and minutely stalked ; all the others con- 
 nected with the rachis by their whole width, the basal segments 
 forming at their junction a cross-like figure. Yenation of the 
 lobes formed by a slender tortuous midvein giving off alternate 
 branches which do not generally again divide, but which extend 
 to the margin and bear a small sorus near the end of each. The 
 sori are circular and nearly marginal, without any indusium; 
 spore-cases pale brown. Woods at Home Chase, near Holne 
 Bridge. Beckey Falls. Parts of Dartmoor. (E. B. t. 2224.) 
 Moore, c Nature-Printed Ferns,' t. 4 ; Sowerby's Ferns, t. 2. 
 
 P. YII.-IX. 
 
 POLYSTICHUM. SHIELD-FERN. 
 
 1. P. aculeatum (common prickly Shield-Fern) On hedge- 
 banks and in woods. Fronds riff id, lanceolate or broadly 
 linear-lanceolate, bipinnate, pinnules obliquely decurrent, acute, 
 the anterior basal pinnule much longer than the rest. Caudex 
 thick and tufted ; stipes short, usually about 3 or 4 inches long, 
 thickly covered with broad ovate-lanceolate brown scales ; rachis 
 thick and also scaly, scales broad below but becoming linear above ; 
 fronds from 1 to 3 or more feet high (some which I gathered, 
 
FILICES. 155 
 
 this year, 1859, measured rather more than 4 feet), rigid, dark 
 green ; pinna? numerous, pinnate or lobed and pinnatifid. The 
 first anterior pinnule at the base of each of the pinna? is always 
 larger and longer the others, and all stand parallel on each side 
 of the main rachis, giving the upper surface of the frond a pecu- 
 liar appearance, by which it may readily be recognized, pinnules 
 mostly auricled on the anterior side, the auricles acute and, as 
 well as all the principal divisions, terminating in a sharp spinous 
 process. Venation composed of a flexuous midvein, giving off 
 alternate branches, which are again divided, the upper branch 
 giving off 2 or 3 venules and the lower from 3 to 4. Fructifica- 
 tion confined generally to the upper half of the frond. Sori 
 round, covered with an indusium, placed in a line on each side 
 of the midvein ; indusium round, attached by its centre. Spore- 
 cases dark brown, numerous. Very abundantly distributed. 
 Cliffwalks between Meadfoot and Ansti's Cove. Walks above 
 Meadfoot. Cockington lanes. Shiphay lanes. Paignton road. 
 Growing very bold and large in the Old British Boad, by the 
 side of the Paignton road. Bradley woods. Maidencombe. 
 Teignmouth road, etc. (Aspidium, E. B. t. 1562, and Hook, and 
 Arn. Br. Fl. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, 1. 10. Sowerby, Ferns, 
 t. 17.) P. VI.-YIII. 
 
 2. P. angulare (angular, or soft prickly Shield-Fern.) 
 On shady hedgebanks and sheltered woods. " Fronds lax, her- 
 baceous, lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnules distinct, acute or obtuse, 
 with an obtuse-angled base, attached by a distinct stalk, lobed OP 
 serrated, the serratures tipped by soft bristles ; sori terminal or 
 subterminal" (Moore's Handbook). Caudex thick and scaly; 
 stipes longer than in the last, from 4 to 6 inches long, scaly ; 
 scales reddish-brown, chafly, linear-lanceolate. Fronds from 2 to 
 4 feet high, lanceolate, bi-tripinnate, lax, green, more or less 
 arched or drooping, numerous, growing in a basket from around 
 the crown ; the pinnae are numerous, linear-lanceolate in shape, 
 and taper towards the apex. The first pinnule usually scarcely 
 longer than the rest, though sometimes it is much lengthened ; 
 each of the pinnules has a strong anterior auricle, either acute or 
 blunt, serrated, each serrature tipped with a slender bristle; pin- 
 nules attached to the secondary rachis by a distinct but short 
 stalk ; the venations consist of a flexuous midvein, which is 
 branched alternately, each branch again dividing into 2, 3, or 4 
 smaller branches, the anterior one of which bears a sorus near 
 its apex ; the auricle also has a branched vein which bears 3 or 
 4 sori. The fructification covers usually the upper two-thirds of 
 the frond, the sori are small and numerous, covered by a round 
 membranaceous indusium, which is attached by its centre ; spore- 
 cases brown. Cockington lanes. Shiphay lanes. Lane near 
 
156 FILICES. 
 
 Forde bog. Bradley woods, etc. This Fern is more sparingly- 
 distributed than the last. (Aspidium, E. B. S. t. 2776, and 
 Hook, and Arnott. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 12. Sowerby, 
 Ferns, t. 18.) P. vi.-vni. 
 
 LASTREA. BUCKLEE-FERlSr. 
 
 1. Ii. Pilix-mas (male Fern, or common Buckler- Fern.) 
 On hedgebanks, and in shady and wooded situations. " Fronds 
 bipinnate, pinnules oblong, obtuse, serrate, sori near the central 
 nerve, stipes and rachis chaffy " (Brit. Flora). (Aspidium, E.B. t. 
 1458, and t. 1949. Aspidium, Hook, and Arnott. Moore, Nat. 
 Print. Ferns, t. 14. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 9.) Caudex large and 
 tufted, when old much lengthened, scaly, and giving off coarse 
 and dark-coloured roots. Stipes about one-third of the whole 
 frond in length, covered with pale brown chaffy scales, the rachis 
 being sparingly sprinkled with smaller ones. Fronds from 2 or 
 3 to 6 feet in height, arranged in a beautiful circular form around 
 the crown, smooth and of a deep green colour, paler beneath, 
 broadly lanceolate, bipinnate ; the pinnae alternate or nearly op- 
 posite, the lower ones more distant than the upper, which narrow 
 by degrees into the acute apex. Pinnules distinct at the lower 
 part of the pinnse, the remaining pinnules attached by their whole 
 base, and running more or less into one another, oblong, crenated 
 or serrated at their margins ; the midvein is slightly tortuous 
 and alternately branched, the branches being again forkedly di- 
 vided, the ultimate divisions extending nearly to the margin, one 
 branch reaching the point of each marginal tooth. Sori numer- 
 ous, roundish kidney- shaped, covered by a firm, roundish, but 
 posteriorly notched indusium, attached by the notch. Spore- 
 cases reddish brown, the indusium being of a grey or leaden 
 colour. Very abundantly distributed, and found in most of the 
 habitats above given for Polystichum aculeatum. The var. palea- 
 cea, remarkable for its profuse golden-tinted scales and large 
 and spreading fronds, grows plentifully in Berry Pomeroy 
 woods, and in Sharpham woods, on the banks of the Dart. P. 
 VI.-VIII. 
 
 2. L. cristata, var. spinulosa ; "Fronds narrow oblong- 
 lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnules oblong-acute, inciso-serrate or 
 pinnatifid, with aristately-toothed lobes ; posterior basal pinnules 
 much larger than the anterior ones " (Moore's Handbook). In 
 wet and boggy situations. (Aspidium, Hook, and Arnott. L. 
 spinulosa, Bab. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 21. Sowerby, 
 Ferns, t. 12.) Fronds growing upright from the stout, decum- 
 
FILICES. 157 
 
 bent or creeping caudex ; stipes nearly as long as the leafy part, 
 stout, brownish- purple below, with a few broad-ovate, pale 
 coloured scales. The fronds vary in height from 2 to 5 feet, they 
 are of a yellowish- green colour, and of a narrow oblonge-lanceo- 
 late form, bipinnate. Lower pinnae distant, nearly opposite, tri- 
 angular ; the upper pinna? narrow and closer together. Pinnules 
 oblong, pointed at the apex, the lower ones with a short stalk, the 
 upper ones sessile, very much cut or pinnatifid, the lobes deeply 
 serrated, the serratiires terminating in short bristle-like teeth. 
 The midvein of the pinnules sends off a vein to each lobe, which 
 is alternately branched, the branches again dividing in a forked 
 manner into the terminal venules. Sori numerous, borne on the 
 short anterior basal venules and forming two rows along the 
 lobes of the pinnules, round, covered by a flat, membranaceous, 
 kidney-shaped indusium ; spore-cases brown. Forde bog, found 
 by Mr. C. E. Parker, in 1854, and by myself this year, 1859. P. 
 vi.-ix. 
 
 3. Ii. dilatata (broad prickly -toothed Buckler -Fern!) In 
 woods, on banks, and by sides of shaded streams. " Fronds 
 ovate-lanceolate, bipinnate, pinnules pinnate or pinnatifid ; seg- 
 ments acutely serrate, spinose-mucronate ; indusium with marginal 
 stalker! glands ; stipes clothed ivith long pointed scales, with a dark 
 (nearly black) centre and diaphanous margin" (Bab. Man.). 
 (Aspidium dilatatum, E. B. t. 1461. A. spinulosum, var. )3, 
 Hook, and Arnott. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 22. Sowerby's 
 Ferns, 1. 13.) Caudex stout and erect, with a thickly scaly crown ; 
 stipes about one-third the length of the whole frond, thick below 
 and covered profusely with lanceolate scales, which are light 
 coloured at the edges, but have a well defined dark centre ; 
 rachis more sparingly covered with small, pointed, more or less 
 defined, two-coloured scales. Fronds varying in height from 1 
 or 2 to 6 feet, dark green above, but paler beneath, widely spread- 
 ing and gracefully arched or drooping, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 
 bi- or tri-pinnate ; the lower pair of pinna? sometimes spreading 
 out much wider than the rest, and forming, as it were, the base 
 of a triangle, but usually shorter than the pair immediately above 
 them. Pinna? nearly opposite, the lower ones obliquely triangu- 
 lar, the upper oblong, acute, with the superior and inferior seg* 
 ments nearly equal. Pinnules ovate-oblong, the lower ones 
 stalked, the upper sessile and decurrent, pinnatifid, the divisions 
 terminating in sharp teeth with a bristle-like point. Yenation con- 
 sists of a stout midvein which sends off a strong flexuous vein to 
 each pinnulet, from which a small vein is given off to the marginal 
 lobes ; they there divide in a forked manner, and supply a branch to 
 each tooth. The fructification occupies the whole under surface 
 of the frond, the sori being numerous, round, covered by a large 
 
158 FILICES. 
 
 reniform indusium, and placed on the anterior branches of the 
 venules, forming one or two rows along the lobes ; spore-cases 
 brown. Side of a small brook, in the valley to the right of the 
 Paignton road, near the railway tunnel. Wood near Milber 
 Down. Woods at Lindridge. Berry Pomeroy woods. Grid- 
 leigh, near Chagford, etc. The variety dumetorum : " fronds 
 dwarf or dwarfish, oblong-ovate or triangular- ovate, bipinnate ; 
 stipes, rachides, and veins beneath clothed with glands ; pin- 
 nules convex, oblong ; scales broad-lanceolate, usually pale, in- 
 distinctly two-coloured, fixnbriate ; sori large, with gland-fringed 
 indusia" (Moore's Handbook). Forde bog, near Newton. P. 
 Tir.-ix. 
 
 4. liastrea semula (liay- scented^ or triangular pricJcly- 
 toothed Buckler- Fern.) "Fronds triangular or tria igular- ovate, 
 spreading, tripinnate, pinnules concave ; pinuulets pinnatifid ; 
 the mucronately serrate lobes curved upwards ; scales of the 
 stipes concolorous, narrow-lanceolate, laciniate, or fimbriate, 
 contorted ; indusium margined with minute sessile glands " 
 (Moore's Handbook). (Aspidium spinulosum, var. 7, Hooker and 
 Arnott. Lastrea Foenisecii, Bab. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 
 27. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 14.) I have never found this species 
 myself in South Devon, but Mr. Moore, in the list of habitats at 
 the end of his 'History of British Ferns' gives "Devil's Tor, 
 Dartmouth," as a station for it. P. vm. IX. 
 
 ATHYRIUM. LADY-FERN. 
 
 A. Filix-foemina (Lady-Fern.) In moist shady places, damp 
 woods, and by sides of wooded streams. . " Fronds lanceolate, 
 herbaceous, sub-bipinnate or bi- tripinnate ; pinnules oblong- 
 ovate or lanceolate, sessile and distinct, or more or less decurrent 
 and united, toothed, or inciao-pinnatifid, witli the lobes toothed, 
 the teeth acute, not spinulose" (Moore's Handbook). (Moore's 
 Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 30. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 25. Aspidium, 
 E. B. t. 1459 : not correct. Asplenium, Hooker and Arnott.) 
 Caudex stout and either upright or decumbent, scaly, giving off 
 hard, wiry, dark-coloured roots. Stipes about 1-third or 1-fourth 
 the length of the entire frond, purplish-red or green, covered, 
 especially below, with reddish-brown or very dark-coloured lan- 
 ceolate or linear scales, the rachis is also sprinkled with smaller 
 and narrower ones. The fronds frequently grow in the vase-like 
 arrangement of Lastrea Fiiix-mas, and vary in height from 1 to 
 5 feet, they also vary much in their division and form, sometimes 
 broadly and sometimes narrow-lanceolate, sometimes scarcely 
 
FILICES. 159 
 
 bipinnate, the pinnules being decurrent, at others almost tripin- 
 nate, the segments being divided nearly to the midvein ; the pinna3 
 are numerous and linear ; pinnules linear-oblong or lanceolate, 
 deeply serrate or pinnatifid ; the lobes variously toothed, but never 
 tipped with a bristle. The venation presents many irregularities, 
 but usually consists of a tortuous midvein giving off alternate 
 veins which again divide into venules, the anterior ones bearing 
 a sorus on their upper sides. Fructification occupying the whole 
 back of the frond ; the sori numerous, but very irregular in form, 
 sometimes straight, and in some cases so short as to appear nearly 
 round, but usually of a short, curved, oblong or semilunar out- 
 line, covered by a membranaceous iudusium, with a free margin 
 divided into capillary segments. Spore- cases dark brown. Side 
 of a brook running through the valley on the Paignton road. 
 Milber Down. Forde bog. Bradley woods. Berry Pomeroy 
 woods. Side of the stream at Lindridge. Sharpham woods, 
 on the Dart. Holne Chase. Ivy bridge. Banks of the Teign at 
 Chagford, etc. The variety molle I found in great plenty in 
 Forde bog, about the middle of June this year, 1859, with the 
 fructification considerably advanced. P. vi. Vil. 
 
 ASPLENIUM. SPLEENWOKT. 
 
 " Clusters long, straight. Indusium opening towards the cen- 
 tral vein or midrib, nearly flat." Sab. Manual. 
 
 1. A. lanceolatum (lanceolate Spleemvort.) On rocks and 
 walls, not frequent. " Fronds lanceolate, bipinnate ; pinnules 
 ovate, deeply and sharply toothed or lobed ; clusters short, nearly 
 marginal" (Bab. Man. p. 425). (E. B. t. 240. Moore, Kat. 
 Print. Ferns, t. 35 B. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 27 : very incorrect. 
 Moore, Handbook, p. 167.) Caudex with many stout branching 
 roots, short, either upright or decumbent, covered with shining, 
 brown, awl-shaped scales. Stipes one-third, sometimes one-half, 
 as long as the w r hole frond, of a rich chestnut colour below, gra- 
 dually shading off into the greener rachis, slightly scaly; the 
 upper side of the rachis has a slightly raised margin, more or less 
 distinct in different specimens, and is sparsely supplied with 
 small slender hairs. Fronds from 2 or 3 to 12 or more inches 
 high, stiff, smooth, upright or drooping, lanceolate, bipinnate, of 
 a fresh, bright green colour. The lowest pair of pinna3 usually 
 much shorter than those immediately above, but sometimes they 
 spread out much wider than any of the rest, and impart to the 
 frond a deltoid or triangular, instead of a lanceolate outline. 
 Pinnae either nearly opposite or alternate, narrowing from the 
 
160 FILTCES. 
 
 base to the point ; segments of the pinnae varying much in the ex- 
 tent of their division and form, sometimes obovate, or inclining 
 to a square outline, and frequently in vigorous fronds pinnatifid, 
 with obovate sharply-toothed lobes ; the pinnules bear a flexuous 
 midvein which gives off alternate veins, the lowest anterior one 
 being distributed to the principal lobe, giving off venules to each 
 tooth ; the other veins, either branched or undivided, proceed to 
 the marginal teeth. Fructification generally sprinkling the whole 
 dorsal surface ; the sori are oblong, and are situated on the an- 
 terior side of the venules, occupying rather the middle of the 
 lobes than the centre of the pinnules ; they are covered by a 
 white, oblong indusium, which has a free, wavy margin ; the sori 
 are at first distinct from each other, but in process of ripening 
 they become confluent, and form irregular patches on the lobes. 
 Spore-cases bright brown. Crevices of rocks facing the sea, near 
 Hope's Nose. Rocky bank in a steep lane leading from Barton 
 into the Newton road. P. v.-viu. 
 
 2. A. Adiantum-nigrum (blade Maidenhair Spleenwort.) 
 On hedgebanks, in crevices of rocks, and on old walls, very com- 
 mon. " Fronds ovate-triangular, twice or thrice pinnate, about 
 as long as the stipes, pinna3 and pinnules triangular, ultimate 
 subdivisions blunt, sharply toothed, clusters long, central" (Bab 
 Man. p. 426). (Sm. E. B. t. 1950. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, 
 t. 36. Moore, Handbook, p. 170. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 28.) Caudex 
 stout, short and tufted, bearing lanceolate, pointed scales, and 
 sending down numerous branching roots. The stipes, which is 
 of a shining dark purplish -brown colour, is usually as long as, 
 but sometimes longer than, the leafy portion of the frond. In 
 some specimens I picked this year, growing on hedgebanks among 
 long grass, the stipes were nearly double the length of the leafy 
 portion ; the dark colour of the stipes extends to the back of the 
 rachis. Length of the whole fronds from 3 or 4 to 18 or 20 
 inches, they present a rigid, leathery appearance, and are of a 
 dark shining green on the upper surface, but paler beneath ; their 
 form is deltoid or ovate-triangular, always tapering to a sharp- 
 pointed apex ; they are twice, thrice, and sometimes almost four 
 times pinnate. Pinnse obliquely triangular, thinning off at the 
 apex, the lowest pair nearly opposite, and generally, though not 
 always, longer than the rest ; the pinnae usually point upwards 
 towards the apex of the frond ; they differ very much in their 
 division ; the ultimate lobes are unequally toothed, the teeth being 
 more or less narrowed or obtuse, but always ending in a point. 
 The venation varies with the division of the frond ; the fructifi- 
 cation, however, is always situated near the giving off of the 
 branches from the midvein, and so occupies the centre of the 
 pinnules. Sori linear and crowded, covered with a whitish indu- 
 
p 
 
 bi 
 
 FILICES. 161 
 
 slum, becoming confluent as they arrive at maturity, and occupy- 
 ing the whole under surface ; spore-cases round, shining brown. 
 This Fern differs much in appearance according to the situation 
 in which it grows, and has accordingly been divided by many 
 botanists into several varieties. Yery abundantly distributed on 
 walls, rocks, and hedge-banks. A very small variety is found on 
 old walls, with the pinnae much crowded together, and their seg- 
 ments very slightly divided. P. v.-vm. 
 
 3. A. marinum (sea Spleenwort.) In crevices of rock and 
 rocky caves near the sea. " Fronds linear, simply pinnate ; pinna? 
 stalked, ovate or oblong, serrate, unequal, and wedge-shaped at 
 the base" (Sab. Man. p. 426). (Sm. E. B. t. 392. Moore, Nat. 
 Print. Ferns, t. 38. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 29. Moore, Handbook, 
 p. 177.) Caudex short, fixed firmly by long and numerous slen- 
 der wiry roots ; stipes shorter than the leafy part of the frond, 
 
 (urplish-brown, smooth ; the rachis is also slightly coloured below, 
 ut green and winged above. Fronds from 2 or 3 to 6 or 12 
 inches long, or even more, broadly linear, but tapering to the 
 summit. Pinna? stalked, oblong or ovate, oblique from the 
 lengthening of basal angle anteriorly, the margins crenated and 
 serrate. Yenation consisting of a strong midvein, which gives off 
 lateral veins which are again forkedly divided. Sori situated on 
 the anterior side of the venules, linear, covered by a permanent 
 undivided indusium, they range on each side of the midvein, and 
 form two rows of oblique lines at the back of each of the pinna?. 
 Spore-cases numerous, brown. Eocks at Hope's Nose (plants 
 very small). Caves in the rocks around Torbay. Formerly 
 plentiful on the rocks at Paignton, but the habitat has been de- 
 stroyed. P. Tl.-ix. 
 
 4. A. Trichomanes (common Maidenhair Spleemuort.) On 
 rocks and old walls, plentifully distributed. "Fronds linear 
 pinnate; pinna? roundish-ovate, crenate; veins forked below the 
 clusters" (Sab. Man. p. 426). (Sm. E. B. t. 576. Moore, Nat. 
 Print. Ferns, t. 39. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 30. Moore, Handbook, 
 p. 181.) Caudex very short ; roots wiry, long, and branching. 
 Stipes exceedingly short, smooth, of a rich chestnut colour, or 
 very dark brown, sometimes nearly black, rounded posteriorly, 
 but flat in front, and having a raised line on each side ; rachis 
 dark coloured like the stipes ; fronds varying from 2 to 14 or 15 
 inches in length, linear and simply pinnate ; pinnae numerous, 
 roundish-ovate or oblong, blunt at the apex, deep full green and 
 glossy, attached to the rachis by a very short stalk formed by the 
 narrowing of the wedge-shaped base, their margins are either 
 crenated or entire. The venation comprises a midvein which 
 gives off forked veins, upon the anterior venules of which the 
 son are borne. Sori numerous, linear, covered by an indusium, 
 
 M 
 
162 FILICES. 
 
 and situated above the point where the veins fork, becoming con- 
 fluent when they attain to maturity ; the fructification is distri- 
 buted over the whole back of the frond. Eocks near the sea by 
 Daddyhole Plain. Babbicombe Down. Old walls about Tor- 
 quay and Cockington. Rocks near Hope's Nose. Wall of Kings- 
 kerswell churchyard, in great abundance. Walls at Paignton, 
 etc. P. Y.-IX. 
 
 5. A. Ruta-muraria (rue-leaved Spleenwort, or Wall-Sue.) 
 In crevices of rocks and on old walls, frequent. " Fronds bi- 
 pinnate ; pinnules rhomboid wedge-shaped, notched or toothed at 
 at the end ; indusium jagged" (Sab. Man. p. 426). (Sm. E. B. t. 
 150. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 41 A. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 32. 
 Moore, Handbook, p. 188.) Caudex short and tufted, with nu- 
 merous branching fibres ; fronds growing in tufts, from 1 to 6 or 
 8 inches long, borne on a smooth purplish-brown stipes fully as 
 long as or longer than themselves ; the fronds are of a deep 
 green colour, and of a somewhat leathery substance, deltoid in 
 outline, and usually bipinnate : in young and starved plants the 
 fronds are occasionally simply pinnate, with roundish or kidney- 
 shaped pinnae. Pinnae and pinnules alternate ; pinnules rhom- 
 boidal, wedge-shaped at the base, the upper margin irregularly 
 toothed or serrate. Venation consisting of veins running from 
 the base of the pinnules, and branching above in a forked man- 
 ner, sending a venule to every tooth and serrature, there being no 
 apparent midvein. The sori are situated on the inner side of the 
 veins, occupying the centre of the pinnse or pinnules, they are 
 linear in form, and covered by a narrow white indusium with a 
 wavy or jagged margin which is however not distinguishable 
 after the earlier stages of fructification, the sori in the latter stages 
 becoming confluent. The spore-cases are dark brown. Rocks 
 near the chasm at Daddyhole Plain. Rocks on Babbicombe 
 Down. Walls about Torquay, Cockington, and Shiphay. Old 
 walls, near Paignton. Kingskerswell churchyard wall, etc. P. 
 v.-ix. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRIUM. HART'S-TONGUE FERN. 
 
 " Clusters long, straight, two together. Indusia of each pair 
 opening towards each other." Bab. Man. p. 418. 
 
 S. vulgare (common Hart* s-tongue Fern.) On old walls and 
 ruins, on shady hedge-banks, in woods and thickets, on the sides 
 of wells, and in moist shady places generally. " Fronds oblong- 
 strap-shaped, smooth, simple, with a cordate base, stipes shaggy'* 
 (Bab. Man. p. 427). (Sm. E. B. t. 1150. Moore, Nat. Print. 
 Ferns, t. 42. f. 1. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 35. Moore, Handbook, 
 
FILICES. 163 
 
 p. 197.) Fronds from 5 or 6 inches to 2 feet long, borne on a 
 shortish, purplish-brown, scaly stipes, from a short tufted caudex : 
 they are long-lanceolate, broadly linear, or oblong strap-shaped, 
 entire or slightly wavy at the margin, and cordate at the base ; 
 the veins appear to spring from the midrib, forking two or three 
 times near the base, and running parallel to each other, send 
 venules to near the margin, where they terminate in little club- 
 shaped apices. Sori long and straight, set obliquely, growing two 
 together, at length running into each other, each one covered by 
 a narrow indusium, the two indusia opening towards each other 
 by parting down the middle of the twin sori. Spore-cases red- 
 dish-brown, numerous ; the fructification most abundant at the 
 upper part of the frond. The fronds of this Fern vary very much 
 in appearance, and frequently put on most fantastic shapes : many 
 of these abnormal forms are described as varieties, and Mr. Moore, 
 in his Handbook, gives some 60 of them under distinct Latin 
 names. I have this year found entire normally-shaped, crisped, 
 bifid and multifid fronds growing from one and the same caudex. 
 Very abundantly distributed throughout the whole district. P. 
 
 CETERACH. SCALE-FEEN. 
 
 " Lateral veins anastomosing, clusters attached to their middle 
 on the side next the midrib, except hi the lowest ; indusium (?) a 
 narrow nearly erect membrane on the back of the vein. Whole 
 back of the frond covered with chaffy scales." Sab. Man. p. 
 418. 
 
 C. officinarum (common Scale-Fern) On old walls and 
 rocks. " Fronds coriaceous, narrow-lanceolate, sinuato-pinnati- 
 fid, often pinnate below ; segments oblong, obtuse, entire or sinu- 
 ately lobed, densely scaly beneath" (Moore, Handbook^ p. 213). 
 (Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 43 A. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 36. 
 Scolopendrium Ceterach, Sm. E. B. 1. 1244. Asplenium Ccterach, 
 Linn. Moore's Handbook, p. 214.) Caudex short, covered with 
 dark brown scales, and giving off fibrous roots ; stipes dark co- 
 loured below, very short, covered with broadly lanceolate scales. 
 Fronds from 1 to 8 or more inches long, dark green above, co- 
 vered entirely beneath with dense tawny scales, linear-lanceolate 
 and deeply pinnatifid ; the lobes are bluntly oblong, and are not 
 divided down to the rachis, but unite with each other at the base. 
 The venation is only to be distinguished at a very early stage of 
 the fructification : it consists of a wavy midvein giving oif lateral 
 veins, which are irregularly forked, and send anastomosing venules 
 which terminate near the margin. Sori oblong or linear, situated 
 
164 FILICES. 
 
 on the upper side of the anterior yenules. Indusium said to be 
 obsolete, but traceable in an early stage of the development of 
 the frond. The whole fructification is very much obscured by the 
 dense and numerous scales covering the under surface. Formerly 
 very plentiful about the rocks of Torquay, but it has of late years 
 been mercilessly rooted up to satisfy the cravings of fern-culti- 
 vators. Kocks about Babbicombe Down. Churchyard walls at 
 Chudleigh and Ilsington, Fl. D. P. iv.-x. 
 
 BKECHNUIK. HAED-FEEN. 
 
 " Capsules in a continuous line parallel to the midrib, upon a 
 longitudinal anastomosing part of the transverse veins, covered 
 by a continuous scarious indusium." Bab. Man., p. 418. 
 
 Blechxmm Spicant (common Hard-Fern.) In damp, stony, 
 and heathy places. "Barren fronds pectinate-pinnatifid with 
 broadly linear rather obtuse pinnae ; fertile frond pinnate, with 
 linear acute pinnae" (Bab. Man., p. 427). (Moore, Nat. Print. 
 Ferns, t. 43 C. B. boreale, Sin. E. B. t. 1159 ; Sowerby, Ferns, 
 t. 37 j Hook, and Arn. Br. Fl. ; Bab. Man. Lomaria Spicant, 
 Newman.) Caudex stout, either upright or decumbent, having 
 stoutish branched roots, and being covered with tawny-brown 
 narrow-lanceolate scales. Stipes of barren fronds short, those 
 of the fertile fronds much longer, dark purplish-brown. Barren 
 fronds from 6 to 18 inches long, dark-green, usually spreading, 
 pinnatifid, with the linear-oblong lobes arranged on each side 
 the rachis like the teeth of a comb, the lobes at the apex of the 
 frond confluent. Fertile fronds taller, often exceeding 2 feet in 
 height, pinnate below, and with much narrower lobes. Yena- 
 tion of the barren fronds a stout midvein, which sends off veins 
 which are once or twice forked, the venules ending near the 
 margin in a club-shaped head ; in the fertile fronds the lateral 
 veins are alternate, and proceed upward about halfway to the 
 margin, then they make an abrupt turn and run parallel with 
 the midvein, each anastomosing with the one above it, and form- 
 ing apparently a longitudinal vein on each side the midvein. 
 Sori linear, one on each side of the midrib, extending the entire 
 length of the pinnse, covered by a continued membranous indu- 
 sium, sori becoming ultimately confluent. Forde bog. Bovey 
 Heath. Ivybridge. Moor at Chagford. P. VI. vii. 
 
 PTSRIS. BEAKES OE BEACKEN. 
 ' Sori indusiate, marginal, linear, continuous or interrupted j 
 
FILICES. 165 
 
 the receptacles linear transverse, uniting the apices of the veins. 
 Indusium of the same form, membranaceous. Veins simple or 
 forked from a central costa ; venules free. " Moore, Handbook, 
 p. 223. 
 
 P. aquilina (common Brakes or Bracken.) On heaths and 
 downs, in woods and shady places, frequent. " Fronds tripartite, 
 branches bipinnate, pinnules linear-lanceolate, the lower ones 
 usually pinnatifid; segments oblong-obtuse " (Bab. Man., p. 427). 
 (E. B. t. 1679. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 44. Sowerby, 
 Ferns, t. 38.) * c Fronds annual, 1 to 5 feet high, very much di- 
 vided, with spreading branches. Capsules attached to the mar- 
 ginal vein, lying upon a fine membrane, and covered by the 
 membranous continuation of the epidermis. Inferior pinnules 
 pinnatifid, or sinuate, or entire" (Bab. Man., p. 427). Yery 
 abundantly distributed everywhere. P. vn. 
 
 ADZANTUM. MAIDENHAIR-FERN. 
 
 " Capsules marginal, oblong or roundish, covered by distinct 
 reflexed portions of the margin of the frond." Bab. Man., p. 
 418. 
 
 A. Capillus-Veneris (common Maidenhair.) In crevices of 
 damp rocks, and in moist caves, more especially near the sea. 
 " Frond irregular ; branches and roundish wedge-shaped, lobed, 
 thin pinnules alternate ; lobes of the fertile pinnules terminated 
 by a transversely linear-oblong reflexed lobe covering several 
 roundish clusters: sterile lobes serrate." (Bab. Man., p. 428). 
 (E. B. t. 1564. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 45 ; Sowerby, 
 Ferns, t. 40 ; Moore, Handbook, p. 230.) " Fronds bi-tripin- 
 nate; pinnules alternate, glabrous, membranaceous, obliquely 
 and broadly wedge-shaped, or roundish, with a truncate base, 
 attached by capillary stalks, the superior margin lobed, the sterile 
 lobes dentate, the fertile, obtuse or truncate ; sori tranversely 
 oblong, often occupying the whole width of the lobes ; stipes 
 and rachis ebony-black, smooth, glossy" (Moore, Handbook, p. 
 229) . For a detailed description of this most delicate and lovely 
 Fern, see Moore's Handbook. In the crevices of some wet 
 rocks at Mudstone Bay, near Brixham. Caves at Brixham. P. 
 v.-ix. 
 
 HYMENOPHYLLUItt. FILMY-FERN. 
 
 " Capsules on a narrow subclavate receptacle, within a two- 
 valved involucre of the same texture with the frond." Bab. 
 Man. p. 418. 
 
166 EILICES. 
 
 1. H. tunbridgense (Tunbridge Filmy-Fern.) On damp 
 rocks, and amongst moss, in moist and shady places. " Fronds 
 pellucido-membranaceous, ovate or oblong, more or less elon- 
 gated, pinnate ; pinnae subvertical, pmnatifid, decurrent, forming 
 a wing to the rachis ; segments linear, undivided or bifid, and 
 as well as the upper margin of the roundish valves of the axil- 
 lary solitary sessile compressed involucres, spinulosely serrate" 
 (Moore, Handbook, p. 261). (E. B. t. 162. Moore, Nat. Print. 
 Ferns, t. 49 A. Sowerby, Ferns, t. 42. Moore, Handbook, p. 
 262.) This Fern and the following species have very much the 
 appearance and habit of some of the Mosses, for which they may 
 easily be mistaken, without a careful examination. Bickleigh 
 Vale. Beckey Fall. P. vn. 
 
 2. 23. unilaterale (Wilson's Filmy-Fern.) In similar locali- 
 ties to the last. " Fronds pinnate, pinna3 recurved ; segments 
 linear, undivided or bifid, spinosely serrate ; involucre inflated, 
 entire ; rachis slightly bordered" (Sab. Man., p. 428). (Moore, 
 Handbook, p. 264. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 49 B. Sower- 
 by, Ferns, t. 43. H. Wilsoni, E. B. S. t. 2686 ; Hook, and Arn. 
 Brit. Fl. ; Bab. Man.) Very much resembling the preceding, 
 but distinguished chiefly by the involucre being stalked instead 
 of sessile, by its being longer and ovate instead of rounded, and 
 by its edges never being serrate. Tors on Dartmoor. Beckey 
 FaU, Mr. C. E. Parker. P. YII. 
 
 OSMUNDA. ROYAL FERN. 
 
 " Capsules clustered, arranged in a branched spike terminating 
 the frond." Bab. Man. p. 419. 
 
 O. regalis (Royal or Flowering Fern, or Osmund Royal.) 
 In wet and boggy places, and in the damp borders of woods. 
 Fronds bipinnate, pinnae opposite ; the pinnules are oblong and 
 nearly entire, auricled to a greater or lesser degree at the base ; 
 fructification crowning the fertile fronds in terminal bipinnate 
 panicles. (E. B. t. 209. Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 50. 
 Sowerby, Ferns, t. 44. Moore, Handbook, p. 269.) The grand- 
 est and most stately in its growth of all our British Ferns, the 
 fronds varying in height from 2 or 3 to 8 feet, but sometimes 
 rising considerably higher. I have gathered fronds in Holne 
 Chase which measured 10, 12, and 13 feet. The fructification is 
 confined to the upper pinnae, which are converted into a clustered 
 panicle, the spore-cases covering the pinnules either wholly or in 
 part. For a detailed description of the specific characters, see 
 Moore's Handbook. Forde bog. Bovey Heath. Holne Chase, 
 
FILICES. 167 
 
 very plentiful and of most luxuriant growth. Holystreet and 
 Gidleigh, near Chagford. Ivybridge, etc. P. vn.-ix. 
 
 ORD. II. OPHIOGL03SACEJE. 
 
 BOTRYCHIUM. MOONWOET. 
 
 " Capsules distinct, disposed in a compound spike, attached 
 to a pinnate or bipinnate frond." Bab. Man. p. 419. 
 
 B. Ijunaria (common Moomvort.) In dry, open, and elevated 
 pastures. " Fronds solitary ; barren branch oblong, pinnate ; 
 pinnae lunate or fan-shaped, the margin jagged or creuate " 
 (Moore, p. 271). (Moore, Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 51. Moore, IJand- 
 book, p. 272. . Sowerby, Ferns, t. 45. Osmunda Lunaria, Linn. 
 E. B. t. 318.) "Height from 3 to 6 inches. Pinna? with veins 
 radiating from the petiole, sometimes deeply notched. Fro.nds 
 usually solitary, but sometimes two on the same stalk " (Bab. 
 p. 429). Haldon, Miss A. Griffith. Mr. Moore, in his ' Popular 
 History of British Ferns,' gives " by the Dart " as a habitat, 
 but does not specify where. I have never found this Fern in 
 Devonshire myself. P. YI. vii. 
 
 OPHIOGLOSSUM. ADDEE'S-TONQUE. 
 
 " Capsules connate, disposed in a simple distichous spike, at- 
 tached to an undivided frond." Bab. p. 419. 
 
 O. vulgatum (common Adders-tongue.) In moist pastures 
 and meadows. Frond ovate-obtuse, with a club-shaped spike 
 rising higher than the leafy expansion. (E. B. t. 108. Moore, 
 Nat. Print. Ferns, t. 51 B. Moore, Handbook, p. 276. Sower- 
 by, Ferns, t. 46.) Fronds from 2 or 3 to sometimes 12 inches 
 high, on a smooth cylindrical and hollow stipes ; the barren 
 branch leaf-like, smooth, entire, sessile, broad-ovate, either obtuse 
 or acute ; the fertile branch or spike erect, on a longed or shorter 
 stalk ; the fructifications are arranged on the margins of the 
 spike, the theca? or spore-cases are round and smooth, sessile, 
 arranged in two rows, one on each margin, bursting transversely 
 with two valves. In a meadow near Torre Abbey, but the habi- 
 tat has been destroyed this year by building. At the base of the 
 mound at Ellacombe, Mr. Earle. Meadows about Exeter. P. 
 
 V. VI. 
 
168 
 
 - 
 
 fa 
 
 
 "Leafless branched plants, with a striated fistular 
 joints sheathed above each joining. Sporules surrounded by 
 elastic clavate filaments, and enclosed in capsules arising from 
 the peltate scales of terminal cones or spikes. Yenation straight. 
 Cuticle abounding in silex. Only one genus." Bab. Man. p. 
 414. 
 
 EQUZSETUIK. HOKSE-TAIL. 
 
 1. E. ftuviatile (great Water Horse-tail.) In wet places 
 and by sides of rivers and pools, frequent. Sterile stems almost 
 smooth, with about 30 stria? and branches, which are simple and 
 nearly erect, from 3 to 6 feet high. Fertile stem unbranched, 
 stout, about a foot high, appearing before the sterile ones, hav- 
 ing numerous pale brown sheaths, and bearing a large spike. 
 (E. B. t. 2022.) E. Telmateia, Bab. Petit Tor. Watcombe. 
 Maidencombe. Shaldon. Cliffs at Dawlish. (Ilsington, Fl. D.) 
 P. iv. 
 
 2. E. arvense (corn Horse-tail.) In damp meadows and 
 by roadsides, abundant. "Frond attenuated upwards, sterile 
 stem slightly scabrous, with 12 to 14 furrows, teeth of the sheath 
 lanceolate-subulate 1-ribbed to the point, branches simple erecto- 
 patent, fertile stem without branches, its sheaths remote loose " 
 (Brit. Flor. p. 598). The sterile and fertile stems are always 
 distinct, the latter appearing first. (E. B. t. 2020.) Ansti's 
 Cove lane. Teigmnouth road, etc. P. iv. 
 
 3. E. limosum (smooth naked Horse-tail.) In watery places 
 and ditches. Sterile and fertile stems similar ; stems nearly 
 smooth, striate; striae about 16 or 18; branches nearly erect, sim- 
 ple, whorled. Stem from 2 to 4 feet high, spike blunt. (E. B. 
 t. 929.) Petit Tor, near St. Marychurch. P. vi. vn. 
 
 4. E. palustre (marsh Horse-tail.) In wet and boggy 
 places, frequent. Sterile and fertile stems similar. " Stems 
 with 4 to 8 deep furrows, branched throughout ; sheaths loose, 
 pale, with acute wedge-shaped teeth, tipped with brown, and 
 membranous at the edges. Barren stem whip-shaped at the end. 
 Spike blunt. Sheaths coloured like the stem, or paler " (Bab. 
 Man. p. 416). Watcombe. Common in boggy places, FL D. 
 P. VI. VII. 
 
LYCOPODIACE^J. 169 
 
 LYCOPODIACEJE. 
 
 " Leafy plants with simple imbricated leaves, or stemless, with 
 erect subulate leaves. Fructification of axillary sessile capsules, 
 with two or three valves, and no ring, including minute powdery 
 matter or sporules." Bob, Man. p. 430. 
 
 LYCOPOmUM. CLUB-MOSS. 
 
 1. Li. clavatum (common Club-moss?) In moors and heathy 
 places, common. Stem long and prostrate, with short ascending 
 branches ; leaves scattered and incurved. Spikes pale yellow, on 
 long stalks. Haldon. Many parts of Dartmoor. (E. B. t. 224.) 
 
 P. VII. VIII. 
 
 2. Li. Selag-o (Fir Club-moss) In mountainous heaths. 
 "Leaves in eight rows, crowded, uniform, linear-lanceolate, acumi- 
 nate, capsule not spiked, but in the axils of the common leaves ; 
 stem erect, forked, level- topped " (Bab. Man. p. 431). Stems 
 varying from 3 or 4 to 6 or 8 inches in height, and branching in 
 two-forked manner, usually upright, bearing commonly at their 
 extremities a few deciduous buds, which fall to the ground on 
 separation, and there vegetate. Leaves thick, of a shining dark- 
 
 ren. Frequent in Dartmoor. Woodbury Hill. (E. B. t. 233.) 
 VI.-VIII. 
 
 3. L. inundatum (marsh Club-moss.) In boggy heaths. 
 " Leaves scattered, linear, acute, turned upwards ; spikes terminal, 
 sessile, leafy, solitary, upon short erect branches, Stem short, 
 prostrate, rooting. Branches few, simple, short, erect, fertile" 
 (Bab. Man. p. 431). More diminutive than the two former, its 
 prostrate simple stems being about 2 or 3 inches long, and grow- 
 ing close to the surface of the ground. Spore-cases in the axils 
 of the bracts. Forde bog. Bovey Heath. (E. B. t. 369.) P. 
 
170 
 
 THE FOLLOWING SPECIES HAVE BEEN 
 ACCIDENTALLY OMITTED. 
 
 ORD. XXXIV. PARONYCHIACE^, page 46. 
 
 Corrigiola littoralis (Sand Strapwort.) South-western 
 coast of England. Leaves alternate, fleshy, glaucous; flowers 
 white, calyx 5 -partite, petals five, same length as the calyx. Slap- 
 ton sands, and near Start Point, Fl. D. (E. B. t. 668.) A. vn. 
 
 ORD. CVII. GB-AMINE^E, page 146. 
 
 Sesleria ccerulea (blue Moor- Grass.) Various places in 
 Dartmoor, (E. B. t. 1613.) P. iv.-vi. 
 
 ERRATUM. 
 
 Page 14. In the description of DIPLOTAXIS TENIIIFOLIA in- 
 stead of " Leaves a yellowish green " read " Leaves glaucous." 
 
171 
 TABLE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NATURAL ORDERS OF FLOWERING PLANTS, 
 
 SHOWING THE PAUES WHEEE THE SPECIES UNDER EACH 
 ORDEE ABE TO BE FOUND. 
 
 This mark f placed before the name of an Order denotes that there are no Species 
 belonging to that Order in oivr Flora. 
 
 Order Page 
 
 1. Kanunculacese 1-4 
 
 2. BerberidaceaD 5 
 
 3. Nymphaeaceae 5 
 
 4. Papaveraceae 5, 6 
 
 5. Fumariaceae 7 
 
 6. Cruciferee 7-15 
 
 7. Resedacese 15 
 
 8. Cistacea 15, 16 
 
 9. Violacea? 16, 17 
 
 10. Droseraceae 17 
 
 11. Polygalaceae 17 
 
 f!2. Frankeniaceae 18 
 
 f!3. Elatinaceae 18 
 
 14. Caryophyllaceae . . . 18-22 
 
 15. Linaceas 22, 23 
 
 16. Malvaceae 23 
 
 17. Tiliaceae 24 
 
 18. Hypericaceae. . . . .24,25 
 
 19. Aceracese 26 
 
 20. G-eraniaceae 26-28 
 
 f21. Balsaminaceae 28 
 
 * 22. Oxalidace 28 
 
 f23. Stapliylaceao 28 
 
 24. Celastraceae 28 
 
 Order Page 
 
 25. Ehamnaceae 29 
 
 26. Leguminosae 29-38 
 
 27. Eosaceae 38-44 
 
 28. Onagraceae 44 
 
 29. Haloragaceae 45 
 
 30. Lythraceae 45 
 
 31. Tamaricaceae 45 
 
 f32. Cucurbitaceae 46 
 
 33. Portulaceae 46 
 
 34. Paronychiaceae . . . 46, 47 
 
 35. Crassulaceae 47, 48 
 
 36. Grrossulariaceae 48 
 
 37. Saxifragaceae 48 
 
 38. Umbelliferae 49-56 
 
 39. Araliaceae 56 
 
 40. Cornaceae 57 
 
 41. Loranthaceae 57 
 
 42. Caprifoliaceae - 58 
 
 43. Eubiaceae 59, 60 
 
 44. Yalerianaceae 61 
 
 45. Dipsaceae 62 
 
 46. Composite 63-77 
 
 47. Campanulaceae ... 77, 78 
 f48. Lobeliaceae 78 
 
172 
 
 OEDEES OE FLOWERING PLANTS. 
 
 Order Page 
 
 49. Vacciniaceae 78 
 
 50. Ericaceae 79 
 
 f51. Pyrolacese 80 
 
 f52. Monotropacese 80 
 
 53. Aquifoliaceae 80 
 
 54. OleacesB 80 
 
 55. Apocynacese 81 
 
 56. Grentianacese 81 
 
 f-57. Polemoniacese 82 
 
 58. Convolvulaceae 82 
 
 59. Boraginacese 83-86 
 
 60. Solanacese . 86 
 
 61. Orobanchacese 87 
 
 62. Scrophulariacese . . . 88-94 
 
 63. Labiatee 94r-102 
 
 64. Yerbenacese 102 
 
 65. Lentibulariacese .... 102 
 
 66. Primulacese . . . 103-105 
 
 67. Plumbaginacese .... 105 
 
 68. Plantaginacea? . . 106, 107 
 f69. Amaranthacese ...... 107 
 
 70. Chenopodiacese. . 107-110 
 
 71. Scleranthaces3 110 
 
 72. Polygonaceee . . . 110-113 
 
 73. Thymelacese 113 
 
 74. Santalacese 114 
 
 f75. Aristolochiacese . . . .114 
 f76. Empetracese 114 
 
 77. Euphorbiacese . . 114, 115 
 
 78. Callitrichacese 115 
 
 Order Page 
 
 79. Ceratophyllacece .... 116 
 
 80. Tlrticacese .... 116, 117 
 
 81. Ulmacese 117 
 
 f82. Elseagnacese 118 
 
 83. Myricacese 118 
 
 84. Betulacege 118 
 
 85. Salicacese 119-122 
 
 86. Cupuliferse .... 122, 123 
 
 87. Coniferee 123 
 
 88. Hydrocharidaceae . . . 124 
 
 89. Ochidacea). . . . 124-127 
 
 90. Iridacese 127 
 
 91. Amaryllidacese 128 
 
 92. Dioscoreaceae 128 
 
 f93. TriUiacege 129 
 
 94. Liliacese 129, 130 
 
 95. Melanthacese 130 
 
 f9 6. Eestiaceaa 131 
 
 97. Juncacese 131-133 
 
 98. Butomaceae 133 
 
 99. Alismaceaa 134 
 
 100. Juncaginacese 134 
 
 101. Typhaceas 135 
 
 102. Aracese 135 
 
 103. Orontiacea3 136 
 
 104. Pistiacea3 136 
 
 105. Naiadacese .... 137, 138 
 
 106. Cyperacese .... 139-143 
 
 107. Grraminea? .... 143-152 
 
173 
 
 LATIN INDEX TO THE GENERA. 
 
 The names printed in Italics are Synonyms. 
 
 Page 
 
 Acer 26 
 
 Achillea. . . . . 77 
 
 Acorus 136 
 
 Adiantum . . . .165 
 
 Adoxa 56 
 
 ^gopodium ... 51 
 
 jEthusa 53 
 
 Agr aphis . . . .129 
 Agrimonia . ... 42 
 Agrostemma ... 19 
 Agrostis . . . .145 
 
 Aira 145 
 
 Ajuga 97 
 
 Alchemilla . . . . 41 
 
 Alisma 134 
 
 Alliaria 12 
 
 Allium 130 
 
 Alnus . 118 
 
 Alopecurus . . 
 Ammophila . 
 
 Anagallis . . 
 
 Ancimsa . . 
 
 Anemone . . 
 
 Angelica . . 
 Anthemis . 
 Anthoxanthum 
 
 143 
 145 
 104 
 
 85 
 2 
 
 54 
 
 77 
 
 143 
 
 Page 
 
 Anthnscus . . . . 55 
 Anthyllis .... 30 
 Antirrhinum ... 92 
 
 Apargia 64 
 
 Apium 50 
 
 Aquilegia .... 5 
 
 Arabis 8 
 
 Arctium .... 67 
 Arenaria . . . . 20 
 
 Armeria 105 
 
 Armoracia .... 9 
 Arrhenatherum . .146 
 Artemisia . . . . 71 
 
 Arum 135 
 
 Arundo 150 
 
 Asparagus . . . .129 
 Aspemla . . . . 60 
 Aspidium . . . .156 
 Asplenium . . . .159 
 
 Aster 73 
 
 Athyrium .... 158 
 Atriplex . . , . 108 
 Avena ... . 150 
 
 Ballota . 
 Barbarea 
 
 97 
 
 8 
 
174 
 
 LATIN INDEX TO THE GENEBA. 
 
 Page 
 
 Bartsia 89 
 
 Bellis 75 
 
 Berberis .... 5 
 
 Beta 107 
 
 Betonica .... 99 
 
 Betula 118 
 
 Bidens 70 
 
 Blechnum . . . .164 
 
 Borago 86 
 
 Botrychium . . .167 
 Brachypodium . . .151 
 Brassica . . . . 13 
 
 Briza 148 
 
 Bromus 149 
 
 Bunium 51 
 
 Bupleurem . . . . 52 
 Butomus .... 133 
 
 Cakile 11 
 
 Calamagrostis . . .145 
 Calamintha. ... 100 
 Callitriche . . . .115 
 
 Calluna 79 
 
 Caltha 4 
 
 Calystegia .... 82 
 Campanula . . . . 77 
 
 Capsella 12 
 
 Cardaraine .... 8 
 Carduus .... 68 
 Carex . . . 141,142 
 
 Carlina 69 
 
 Carpinus . . . .123 
 Castaiiea . . . .122 
 
 Caucalis 56 
 
 Centaurea . . . . 70 
 Ceiitranthus ... 61 
 Centunculus . . .105 
 Cerastium , 21 
 
 Ceratophyllum . . .116 
 Ceterach .... 163 
 Chgerophyllum ... 55 
 Cheiranthus ... 7 
 Chelidonium ... 6 
 Chenopodium . . .107 
 
 Cklora 82 
 
 Chrysanthemum . . 76 
 Chrysocoma . 72 
 
 Chrysosplenium . . 49 
 Cichorium . . . . 67 
 
 Circaea 44 
 
 Cistus 16 
 
 Clematis .... 1 
 Clinopodium . . .101 
 
 Cnicus 68 
 
 Cochlearia . . . . 10 
 Colchicum . . . .130 
 
 Conium 54 
 
 Convolvulus ... 82 
 Conyza . . . . 75 
 
 Cornus 57 
 
 Coronopus . . . . 13 
 Corrigiola . . . .170 
 Corydalis .... 7 
 
 Corylus 123 
 
 Cotyledon . . . . 47 
 
 Crambe 15 
 
 Crataegus .... 43 
 
 Crepis 65 
 
 Crithmum . . . . 54 
 
 Cuscuta 83 
 
 Cynoglossum . 86 
 
 Cynosuras . . . .148 
 
 Dactylis 148 
 
 Daphne 113 
 
 Daucus . 56 
 
LATIN INDEX TO THE GENEEA. 
 
 175 
 
 Dianthus 
 Digitalis 
 
 Page 
 
 . . 18 
 . . 91 
 
 Galeopsis . , . 
 GaKum .... 
 
 Page 
 
 , 98 
 . 59 
 
 Diplotaxis . 
 Dipsacus 
 
 . . 14 
 
 . . 62 
 
 Gastridium . 
 Genista .... 
 
 . 144 
 30 
 
 Draba 
 
 . . 10 
 
 Gentiana 
 
 81 
 
 Drosera 
 
 17 
 
 Geranium 
 
 2^6 
 
 Echium . 
 
 . . 83 
 
 Geum .... 
 Glaucium 
 
 . 39 
 6 
 
 Eleockaris . 
 
 . . 139 
 
 Glaux .... 
 
 . 103 
 
 Elymus 
 
 151 
 
 (jrlecJlOWlQ, 
 
 100 
 
 Endymion . 
 Epilobium . 
 Epipactis . 
 Equisetum . * . 
 Erica . . . 
 
 . . 130 
 . . 44 
 . . 124 
 . , 168 
 
 . . 79 
 
 Glyceria 
 Gnaphalium 
 
 Habenaria . 
 Hedera .... 
 
 . 147 
 
 . 72 
 
 . 126 
 . 57 
 
 Eriophorum 
 Erodium 
 Ervum . 
 Eryngium . . 
 Erysimum . . 
 Erythrsea . . 
 Euonymus . 
 Eupatorium 
 Euphorbia . 
 Euphrasia . . 
 
 Fasrus 
 
 . . 140 
 . . 27 
 . . 37 
 . . 49 
 . . 12 
 . . 81 
 . . 28 
 . . 72 
 . . 114 
 . . 90 
 
 122 
 
 Hedypnois . 
 Hedysarum . 
 Helianthemum 
 Helleborus . 
 Helminthia . 
 Helosciadum . 
 Heracleum . . . 
 Hieracium . , . 
 Hippocrepis . . 
 Hippuris 
 Holcus .... 
 Hordeum 
 
 . 64 
 . 35 
 . 15 
 . 4 
 . 63 
 . 50 
 . 54 
 , 66 
 . 35 
 . 45 
 . 146 
 151 
 
 Fedia . . 
 
 61 
 
 Hunmlus 
 
 117 
 
 Festuca . 
 
 148 
 
 Hy dcintJius 
 
 130 
 
 Ficaria . 
 
 2 
 
 Hydrocharis 
 
 124 
 
 Filago . . . 
 
 . . 72 
 
 Hydrocotyle 
 
 . 49 
 
 Foeniculum . 
 Fragaria . , 
 Fraxinus 
 Fumaria 
 
 Galanthus . . 
 
 . . 53 
 
 . . 40 
 
 . . 80 
 
 . , 7 
 
 . . 128 
 
 Hymenopkylluin . 
 Hyoscyamus 
 Hypericum , , . 
 Hypochceris . . 
 
 Ilex . , \ , . 
 
 . 165 
 . 86 
 . 24 
 . 64 
 
 . 80 
 
 Galeobdolon . 
 
 . . 98 
 
 lilecebrujn . f f 
 
 . 46 
 
176 
 
 LATIN INDEX TO THE GESTEBA. 
 
 Page 
 
 Inula 75 
 
 Iris 127 
 
 Isolepis 139 
 
 Jasione . 
 Juncus , 
 
 . . 78 
 131,132 
 
 Knautia 62 
 
 Kobresia . . . .140 
 
 Kceleria 146 
 
 Koniga ]0 
 
 Lamium 98 
 
 Lapsana 66 
 
 Lastrea 156 
 
 Lathi-sea 87 
 
 Lathyrus .... 37 
 
 Lavatera 23 
 
 Lemna 136 
 
 Leontodon . . . . 65 
 Leonums . . . . 97 
 Lepidiuin . . . . 13 
 Lepturus . . . .152 
 Ligustrum . . . . 80 
 
 Linaria 92 
 
 Linosyris . . . . 72 
 
 Linum 22 
 
 Listera 124 
 
 Littorella . . . .106 
 Lithospermum ... 83 
 
 Lolium 152 
 
 Lonicera 58 
 
 Lotus 34 
 
 Luzula . . . 132,133 
 
 Lychnis 19 
 
 Lycopodium . . .169 
 
 Lycopsis 85 
 
 Lycopus 94 
 
 Lysimachia . 
 Lythrum 
 
 Page 
 . 104 
 
 45 
 
 Malachium . . . . 22 
 
 Malva 23 
 
 Marrabium . . . .100 
 Matricaria . . . . 76 
 Medicago . . . . 31 
 Melampyrum . . 90 
 
 Melica 146 
 
 Melilotus .... 31 
 
 Melittis 101 
 
 Mentha 95 
 
 Menyanthes. ... 82 
 Mercurialis . . . .114 
 
 Milium 144 
 
 Mcenchia . . . . 21 
 
 Molinia 146 
 
 Montia 46 
 
 Myosotis . . . . 84 
 
 Myrica 118 
 
 Myriophyllum ... 45 
 
 Narcissus . . . .128 
 
 Nardus 143 
 
 Narthecium. . . . 133 
 Nasturtium .... 9 
 
 Neottia 125 
 
 Nepeta 100 
 
 Nuphar 5 
 
 Nymphaea .... 5 
 
 GEnanthe .... 52 
 Onobrychis . . . . 35 
 
 Ononis 30 
 
 Onopordum . . . . 69. 
 Ophioglossum . . .167 
 Ophrys 127 
 
LATIN INDEX TO THE GENEEA. 
 
 177 
 
 Orchis . . 
 
 Origanum . 
 
 Ornithopus . 
 
 Orobanche . 
 
 Orobus . . 
 Osmunda 
 Oxalis 
 
 Page 
 125 
 
 96 
 35 
 87 
 38 
 166 
 28 
 
 Papaver 5 
 
 Parietaria . . . .116 
 Pedicularis . . . . 91 
 
 Peplis 45 
 
 Petasites 73 
 
 Petroselinum ' . . . 50 
 
 Phalaris 144 
 
 Plileum 144 
 
 Pliragmites . . . .150 
 
 Picris 63 
 
 Pimpinella .... 51 
 Pinguicula . . . .102 
 
 Pinus 123 
 
 Plantago . . . .106 
 
 Poa 147 
 
 Polycarpon . . . . 46 
 
 Polygala 17 
 
 Polygonum . . 110, 111 
 Polypodium. . . .153 
 Polystichum . . .154 
 
 Populus 121 
 
 Potamogeton . . .137 
 Potentilla .... 41 
 Poterium . . . . 41 
 
 Primula 103 
 
 Prunella 101 
 
 Prunus 38 
 
 Psamma 145 
 
 Pteris 164 
 
 Pulicaria 75 
 
 Pyrethrum . . . . 76 
 Pyrus 43 
 
 Quercus 122 
 
 Eadiola 23 
 
 Ranunculus .... 2 
 Raphanus . . . . 15 
 
 Eeseda 15 
 
 Rhamnus . . . . 29 
 Rhinanthus .... 90 
 Rhyncospora . . .139 
 
 Ribes 48 
 
 Rosa 42 
 
 Rottboellia . . . .152 
 
 Rubia 59 
 
 Rubus 40 
 
 Rumex ..... 112 
 
 Ruppia 138 
 
 Ruscus 129 
 
 Sagina 19 
 
 Sagittaria . . . .134 
 Salicornia . . . .109 
 Salix . . 119, 120, 121 
 
 Salsola 110 
 
 Salvia 95 
 
 Sambucus . . . . 58 
 
 Samolus 105 
 
 Sanguisorba . . .41 
 
 Sanicula 49 
 
 Saponaria . . . . IS 
 Sarothamnus . . .30 
 Saxifraga . . . . 48 
 Scabiosa. . . . ' . 62 
 
 Scandix 55 
 
 Schcenus . . . .139 
 Scilla. . 130 
 
178 
 
 LATIN INDEX TO THE GENERA. 
 
 Page 
 
 fccirpus 140 
 
 Scleranthus . . . .110 
 ScleroMoa . . . .147 
 Scolopendrium . . .162 
 Scrophularia ... 91 
 ScuteUaria .... 101 
 
 Sedum 47 
 
 Sempervivum ... 47 
 Senebiera . . . . 13 
 Senecio . . . ... . 74 
 
 Serapias 124 
 
 Serratula . . . 67 
 Serrafalcm . . . .149 
 
 Sesleria 170 
 
 Sherardia .... 60 
 Sibthorpia .... 93 
 
 Silaus 53 
 
 Silene 18 
 
 Silybum 68 
 
 Sinapis 14 
 
 Sison 51 
 
 Sisymbrium .... 11 
 
 Slum 53 
 
 Smyrnium . . . . 55 
 
 Solanum 86 
 
 Solidago 74 
 
 Sonchus 64 
 
 Sparganium . . . .135 
 Spartium . . . . 30 
 Spergula .... 47 
 Spergularia . . . . 46 
 
 Spiraea 39 
 
 SpirantJies . . . .125 
 
 Stachys 99 
 
 Statice 105 
 
 Statics Armeria . .105 
 
 Stellaria 20 
 
 . 109 
 
 Page 
 
 Symphytum ... 85 
 
 Tamarix 45 
 
 Tamus 128 
 
 Tanacetum . . . . 71 
 
 Taxus 123 
 
 Teesdalia .... 11 
 Teucrium . . . . 97 
 Thalictrum .... 1 
 
 Thesium 114 
 
 Thlaspi 10 
 
 Thrincia 64 
 
 Thymus 96 
 
 Tilia 24 
 
 Torilis 56 
 
 Tormentilla . . . . 41 
 Tragopogon . . . . 63 
 Trichonema . . . .127 
 Trifolium .... 32 
 Triglochin . . . .134 
 Trigonella .... 32 
 
 Trinia 50 
 
 Triodia 148 
 
 Trisetum . . . .150 
 Triticum . . . .151 
 Tussilago . . . . 73 
 Typha 135 
 
 Ulex 29 
 
 Ulmus 117 
 
 Urtica 116 
 
 Utricularia . . 102 
 
 Yaccinium . 
 Valeriana 
 Verbascum . 
 Verbena . 
 Veronica 
 
 78 
 
 61 
 
 93 
 
 102 
 
LATIN INDEX TO THE GENERA. 
 
 179 
 
 Viburnum 
 Vicia . 
 Vinca 
 Viola . 
 
 Page 
 
 58 
 36 
 81 
 16 
 
 Page 
 
 Viscum 57 
 
 Zanichellia . . . .138 
 Zostera . . 138 
 
180 
 
 INDEX 
 
 TO THE 
 
 POPULAR ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 Abele ..... 
 
 Page 
 121 
 
 Beaked Parsley 
 
 Page 
 
 . 55 
 
 Adder 's-tongue 
 Aerimonv . 
 
 167 
 
 42 
 
 Bedstraw 
 Beech .... 
 
 . 59 
 . 122 
 
 Alder 
 
 118 
 
 Bee Orchis . 
 
 . 127 
 
 Alder Buckthorn . 
 
 29 
 
 Beet 
 
 . 107 
 
 Alexanders .... 
 Alkanet 
 
 55 
 
 85 
 
 Bell-flower . . . 
 Bent-grass . 
 
 . 77 
 . 145 
 
 Allseed 
 
 46 
 
 Betony .... 
 
 . 99 
 
 Anemone 
 
 2 
 
 Bilberry .... 
 
 . 78 
 
 Angelica .... 
 Apple 
 
 54 
 43 
 
 Bindweed . 
 Bindweed, hooded 
 
 . 82 
 
 . 82 
 
 Archangel 
 
 98 
 
 Birch .... 
 
 . 118 
 
 Arrow-head 
 Arrow-grass . . . 
 Ash 
 
 134 
 134 
 
 80 
 
 Bird-cherry . . 
 Bird's-foot . . . 
 Bird's-foot Trefoil 
 
 . 38 
 . 35 
 . 34 
 
 Asparagus . . . . 
 Avens . 
 
 129 
 39 
 
 Bird's-nest . . . 
 Bishop*s-weed . 
 
 . 125 
 . 51 
 
 Barberry .... 
 Barley . . . 
 
 5 
 151 
 
 Bitter-cress 
 Bitter-sweet . . 
 Bitter-vetch 
 
 8 
 . 86 
 . 38 
 
 Bartsia 
 
 89 
 
 Blackberry . 
 
 . 40 
 
 Basil 
 
 101 
 
 Black Bryony . 
 
 . 128 
 
 Basil Thyme . . . 
 Bastard Balm . . . 
 Bastard Stone-parsley 
 Bastard Toadflax 
 Beak-rush .... 
 
 100 
 101 
 51 
 114 
 139 
 
 Blackthorn . . . 
 Bladderwort 
 Blinks .... 
 Bluebell . . . 
 Bluebottle . . . 
 
 . 38 
 . 102 
 . 46 
 . 129 
 . 70 
 
INDEX TO THE ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 181 
 
 Bog Asphodel . . . 
 Bog-rush . 
 Borage . 
 
 Page 
 
 133 
 139 
 
 86 
 
 Catch-fly . . . 
 Cat-mint 
 Cat's-ear . . . 
 
 Page 
 
 . 18 
 . 100 
 . 64 
 
 Brakes 
 
 164 
 
 Cat's-tail . . . 
 
 . 135 
 
 Bramble .... 
 Broine-grass 
 Brookliine 
 
 40 
 149 
 
 88 
 
 Cat's-tail grass 
 Celandine . 
 Celery .... 
 
 . 144 
 . 6 
 . 50 
 
 Brookweed .... 
 Broom 
 
 105 
 30 
 
 Chafi'weed . 
 Chamomile . 
 
 . 105 
 . 77 
 
 Brooin-rape 
 Buckbean .... 
 
 87 
 82 
 
 Charlock . . . 
 Cherry .... 
 
 . 15 
 . 38 
 
 Buckler- fern 
 
 156 
 
 Chervil .... 
 
 . 55 
 
 Buck's-horn Plantain 
 Buckthorn .... 
 Buckwheat .... 
 Buo-le 
 
 106 
 29 
 110 
 97 
 
 Chestnut 
 Chicory 
 Chickweed . . . 
 Cinquefoil . 
 
 . 122 
 . 67 
 . 21 
 41 
 
 Bua'loss . 
 
 85 
 
 Clary 
 
 . 95 
 
 Bugioss, viper's 
 
 83 
 
 Cleavers .... 
 
 . 60 
 
 Bulrush 
 
 140 
 
 Clover 
 
 . 32 
 
 Burdock .... 
 Bur Marigold . 
 Burnet 
 
 67 
 70 
 41 
 
 Club-moss . 
 Club-rush . 
 Cockle .... 
 
 . 169 
 . 140 
 . 19 
 
 Burnet-leaved Rose . 
 Burnet Saxifrage . . 
 Bur-reed .... 
 Butcher's Broom . 
 Butter-bur .... 
 Butterfly Orchis . . 
 Butterwort . . . 
 
 Cabbage .... 
 Calaminth .... 
 Campion .... 
 Campion, bladder . . 
 Canary-grass . 
 Carex 
 
 42 
 51 
 135 
 129 
 73 
 J26 
 102 
 
 13 
 100 
 19 
 18 
 144 
 141 
 
 Cock's-foot grass . 
 Codlins-and-cream 
 Cole-seed . . . 
 Coltsfoot . . . 
 Columbine . . . 
 Comfrey . . . 
 Common Mallow . 
 Corn Cockle . . 
 Corn-flag . 
 Corn Marigold 
 Corn-salad . . . 
 Cotton-grass . . 
 Cotton-thistle . . 
 Couch-grass 
 
 . 148 
 . 44 
 . 14 
 . 73 
 5 
 . 85 
 . 23 
 . 19 
 . 127 
 . 76 
 . 61 
 . 140 
 . 69 
 . 151 
 
 Carline Thistle . . . 
 Carrot 
 
 69 
 56 
 
 Cow-parsnep . . 
 Cowslip . 
 
 . 54 
 . 103 
 
182 
 
 INDEX TO THE ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 Cow-wheat . . . 
 Crab-tree 
 
 Page 
 
 . 90 
 . 43 
 
 False Brome-grass 
 Fennel 
 
 Page 
 
 151 
 58 
 
 Crane's-bill . 
 Crested Hair-grass 
 Crosswort . 
 Crowfoot . . . 
 Cuckoo-pint . . 
 Cudweed 
 
 . 26 
 . 146 
 . 59 
 . 2 
 . 135 
 . 72 
 
 Fenugreek .... 
 Fern, Lady .... 
 Fern, Male .... 
 Fescue-grass 
 Feverfew .... 
 Fig wort ... 
 
 32 
 158 
 156 
 148 
 76 
 91 
 
 Currant .... 
 
 . 48 
 
 Filagro 
 
 19, 
 
 Daffodil .... 
 
 128 
 
 Filmy-fern .... 
 Fir 
 
 165 
 19,3 
 
 Daisy .... 
 
 . 75 
 
 Flax . 
 
 99, 
 
 Dandelion . 
 Danewort . . . 
 Darnel .... 
 
 . 65 
 
 . 58 
 . 152 
 
 Flax-seed .... 
 Fleabane .... 
 Fleawort .... 
 
 23 
 75 
 74 
 
 Dead-nettle . . . 
 Deptford Pink . 
 Devil's-bit . . . 
 Dock .... 
 
 . 98 
 . 18 
 . 62 
 . 112 
 
 Flix-weed .... 
 Flote-grass . . . -. 
 Flower-de-luce . 
 Flowering-fern . 
 
 12 
 147 
 127 
 166 
 
 Dodder .... 
 
 . 83 
 
 Flowering-rush 
 
 133 
 
 Dog-rose 
 Dog's-tail grass 
 Dog-wood . . . 
 Dropwort . . . 
 Duckweed . . . 
 Dutch Myrtle . . 
 Dwarf Elder . . 
 
 . 43 
 . 148 
 . 57 
 . 39 
 . 136 
 . 118 
 . 58 
 
 Fool's Parsley . . . 
 Forget-me-not . . . 
 Foxglove .... 
 Foxtail-grass . . . 
 Frog-bit .... 
 Fumitory .... 
 Furze 
 
 53 
 
 84 
 91 
 143 
 124 
 7 
 ?,9 
 
 Dwarf Mallow . 
 Dyer's Hocket . 
 
 . 23 
 . 15 
 
 Gale 
 
 118 
 
 Earth-nut . . . 
 Elder 
 
 . 51 
 
 58 
 
 Garlic 
 Garlic Mustard 
 Gean 
 
 130 
 12 
 38 
 
 Elecampane 
 
 75 
 
 Gentian 
 
 81 
 
 Elm 
 
 . 117 
 
 Geranium .... 
 
 26 
 
 Enchanter's Night- 
 shade .... 
 ErvnsTo . 
 
 . 44 
 . 49 
 
 Germander .... 
 Germander Speedwell 
 Gipsywort .... 
 
 97 
 89 
 94 
 
 Eye-bright . . . 
 
 . 90 
 
 Glasswort .... 
 
 107 
 
INDEX TO THE ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 183 
 
 Goafs-beard . . 
 Golden Kod . . 
 
 Page 
 
 . 63 
 
 . 74 
 
 Hog-weed .... 
 
 Holly 
 
 Page 
 
 54 
 80 
 
 Golden Saxifrage . 
 Goldilocks . . . 
 Good-King-Hemy 
 
 . 49 
 3 
 
 . 108 
 
 Honewort .... 
 Honeysuckle . . . 
 Hop . 
 
 50 
 58 
 117 
 
 Gooseberry . . . 
 Goose-foot . 
 Goose-grass 
 Gorse .... 
 
 . 48 
 . 107 
 . 60 
 . 29 
 
 Horehound .... 
 Horehound, white 
 Hornbeam .... 
 Horned Pond weed 
 
 97 
 100 
 123 
 138 
 
 Gout-weed . . . 
 Grass-wrack . . 
 Gromwell . 
 Ground-ivy 
 Groundsel . . 
 Guelder-rose . . 
 
 Hair- grass . . . 
 Hard-fern 
 
 . 51 
 . 138 
 
 . 83 
 . 100 
 
 . 74 
 . 58 
 
 . 145 
 . 164 
 
 Horned Poppy . 
 Hornwort .... 
 Horse-radish . 
 Horseshoe Vetch . . 
 Horse-tail .... 
 Hound' s-tongue . 
 Houseleek .... 
 
 Iris 
 
 6 
 116 
 9 
 35 
 168 
 86 
 47 
 
 127 
 
 Harebell . . . 
 
 . 77 
 
 Ivv 
 
 57 
 
 Hare's-ear . 
 Hare's-foot Trefoil 
 Hart's-tongue . . 
 Hawk-bit 
 
 . 52 
 . 32 
 . 162 
 . 64 
 
 Jack-by-the-hedge 
 Kale 
 
 12 
 15 
 
 Hawk's-beard . 
 Hawthorn 
 
 . 65 
 . 43 
 
 Knapweed .... 
 Knawel 
 
 70 
 110 
 
 Hazel-nut . . . 
 Heart's-ease 
 Heath . . . 
 
 . 123 
 
 . 17 
 . 79 
 
 Kidney-vetch . 
 Knot-grass . 46, 
 Kobresia .... 
 
 30 
 110 
 140 
 
 Heath -grass 
 
 . 148 
 
 Kosleria 
 
 146 
 
 Hedge Mustard . 
 Hedge Parsley 
 Hellebore . 
 Helleborine 
 Hemlock . . . 
 Hemp Agrimony . 
 Hemp-nettle 
 Henbane 
 Herb-Robert 
 
 . 11 
 . 56 
 . 4 
 . 124 
 
 . 54 
 
 . 72 
 . 98 
 . 86 
 26 
 
 Ladies' -fingers . . . 
 Lady-fern .... 
 Lady's-maiitle . 
 Lady's-smock . 
 Lady's-tresses . 
 Lamb's Lettuce . . 
 Lime-tree .... 
 Linden 
 
 30 
 158 
 41 
 8 
 125 
 61 
 24 
 24 
 
184 
 
 INDEX TO THE ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 Lin " 
 
 Page 
 
 . 79 
 
 Aloonwort 
 
 Page 
 
 167 
 
 Live-long . . . 
 Loosestrife . 
 .Loosestrife, purple 
 Lousewort . 
 Lychnis .... 
 
 . 47 
 . 104 
 . 45 
 . 91 
 . 19 
 
 Moor -grass .... 
 Motherwort .... 
 Moschatel .... 
 Mountain Ash . . . 
 Mouse-ear Chick- 
 
 170 
 97 
 56 
 43 
 
 Lyme-grass . . . 
 Madder .... 
 
 . 151 
 
 . 59 
 
 weed . . . .21 
 Mud-rush .... 
 M/u^wort . 
 
 ,22 
 139 
 71 
 
 Maiden-hair 
 
 . 165 
 
 
 93 
 
 Maiden-hair Spleen- 
 wort .... 
 
 . 161 
 
 Musk Mallow . . . 
 Musk Thistle . . . 
 
 23 
 
 68 
 
 Male-fern 
 
 . 156 
 
 Mustard .... 
 
 14 
 
 Mallow .... 
 Maple .... 
 
 . 23 
 
 . 26 
 
 Narcissus .... 
 
 128 
 
 Mare's-tail . . . 
 Marjoram 
 
 . 45 
 . 96 
 
 Navelwort or Penny- 
 wort 
 
 47 
 
 Marsh Marigold 
 
 4 
 
 Navew 
 
 13 
 
 Mat-grass . 
 Mat-weed . 
 Mav . 
 
 . 143 
 . 145 
 . 43 
 
 Needle Greenweed, or 
 Pettywhin 
 
 Nettle - . . 
 
 30 
 116 
 
 Meadow-grass . . 
 Meadow Rue . . 
 Meadow Saffron . 
 Meadow-sweet . . 
 Medick .... 
 Melic-grass . 
 
 . 147 
 . 1 
 . 130 
 . 39 
 . 31 
 . ]46 
 
 Nightshade .... 
 Nightshade, enchanter's 
 Nipple-wort 
 Nit-grass .... 
 
 Oak 
 
 86 
 > 44 
 66 
 144 
 
 122 
 
 Melilot .... 
 
 . 31 
 
 Oat . . 
 
 150 
 
 Mercury .... 
 
 . 114 
 
 Oat -like grass 
 
 146 
 
 Mi'nonette . 
 
 . 15 
 
 Onion 
 
 130 
 
 Milfoil .... 
 
 . 77 
 
 Orache 
 
 108 
 
 Milk-tbistle . . . 
 
 . 68 
 
 Orchis 
 
 125 
 
 Milkwort 
 
 . 17 
 
 Orpine 
 
 47 
 
 Milkwort, sea . 
 
 . 103 
 
 Osier 
 
 120 
 
 Millet-grass 
 Mint 
 
 . 144 
 . 95 
 
 Osmund Royal . 
 Ox-eye 
 
 166 
 76 
 
 Mistletoe 
 
 . 57 
 
 Ox-lip 
 
 103 
 
 Mithridate Mustard 
 
 . 10 
 
 Ox-tongue .... 
 
 63 
 
INDEX TO THE ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 185 
 
 Pansey 
 
 Page 
 
 17 
 
 Reed .... 
 
 Page 
 
 150 
 
 Parsley 
 
 50 
 
 Reed-mace 
 
 135 
 
 Parsley-piert . . . 
 Pear 
 
 41 
 
 43 
 
 Rest-harrow 
 Ribwort 
 
 . . 30 
 106 
 
 Pearlwort .... 
 Pellitory-of-the-wall . 
 Penny-cress .... 
 Penny-royal 
 
 19 
 116 
 10 
 96 
 
 Rock-cress . . 
 Rock-rose . 
 Rock-rose, white 
 Rocket . . . 
 
 . . 8 
 . . 15 
 . . 16 
 . . 14 
 
 Pepperwort .... 
 
 13 
 
 Rose . 
 
 42 
 
 Periwinkle .... 
 Persicaria .... 
 
 81 
 110 
 
 Rowan-tree . 
 Ruppia . 
 
 . . 43 
 138 
 
 Pig-nut, or Earth-nut 
 Pilewort 
 
 51 
 
 2 
 
 Rush. . . . 
 Rye-grass 
 
 131, 132 
 152 
 
 Pimpernel .' . . . 
 Pink 
 
 104 
 18 
 
 Saere . 
 
 95 
 
 Plantain 
 
 106 
 
 Sainfoin . 
 
 85 
 
 Ploughman's Spike- 
 
 
 Sallow . . . 
 
 120 
 
 nard 
 
 75 
 
 Salad-Burnet 
 
 41 
 
 Plum 
 
 38 
 
 Saltwort . 
 
 . . 110 
 
 Polypody . . . . 
 Pond-weed .... 
 Poor-Man's Weather- 
 glass . 
 
 153 
 137 
 
 104 
 
 Saltwort, black 
 Samphire 
 Sandwort . . 
 Sanicle . 
 
 . . 103 
 . . 54 
 . . 20 
 . 49 
 
 Poplar 
 
 121 
 
 Sauce- alone . 
 
 . 12 
 
 PODDV 
 
 5 6 
 
 Saw wort . 
 
 . . 67 
 
 *- rrJ 
 
 Primrose .... 
 Privet 
 
 103 
 
 80 
 
 Saxifrage 
 Scabious . 
 
 . . 48 
 . . 62 
 
 Purslane, water . . 
 Quaking-grass . . . 
 Radish . . . 
 
 45 
 148 
 15 
 
 Scale-fern . . 
 Scorpion-grass . 
 Scurvy-grass . 
 Sea Elite . . 
 Sea Chamomile 
 
 . . 163 
 
 . . 84 
 . . 10 
 . . 109 
 . . 76 
 
 Ragged-Robin . . . 
 Ragwort .... 
 Ramsons .... 
 Rape 
 
 19 
 74 
 130 
 14 
 
 Sea Holly . . 
 Sea Kale . . 
 Sea Lavender . 
 Sea Radish . 
 
 . . 49 
 . . 15 
 
 . . 105 
 
 . . 15 
 
 Raspberry . 
 
 40 
 
 Sea-reed . 
 
 . . 145 
 
 Red Dead-nettle . . 
 
 98 
 
 Sea Rocket . . 
 
 . . 11 
 
186 
 
 INDEX TO THE ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 Page 
 
 Sea Spleenwort. . .161 
 Self-heal ..... 101 
 Service-tree . . . . 43 
 Shepherd' s-needle . . 55 
 Shepherd' s-purse . . 12 
 Sherardia, or Field 
 
 Madder .... 60 
 Shield-fern . . . .154 
 Shore-weed, . . .106 
 Sibthorpia, or Cornish 
 
 Moneywort . . . 93 
 Silver- weed .... 41 
 Skull-cap . . . .101 
 
 Sloe 38 
 
 Small-reed . . . . 145 
 Snapdragon .... 92 
 Sneeze wort . . . . 77 
 Snowdrop . . . .128 
 Soapwort . . . . 18 
 Soft-grass .... 146 
 Sorrel . . . . .112 
 Sorrel-wood ... 28 
 Sow-thistle .... 64 
 Spearwort .... 2 
 Speedwell .... 88 
 Spike-rush . . . .139 
 Spindle-tree ... 28 
 Spleenwort . . . .159 
 
 Spurge 114 
 
 Spurge Laurel . .113 
 
 Spurrey 43 
 
 Spur Valerian ... 61 
 
 Squill 130 
 
 Squinancy-wort . . 60 
 St. John's-wort . 24, 25 
 Star-thistle .... 70 
 Starwort . . . . 22 
 Stitchwort . . . 20, 21 
 
 Page 
 
 Stonecrop . . . 47, 48 
 Stork's-bill .... 27 
 Strap wort . . . .170 
 Strawberry . . . . 40 
 Strawberry-headed 
 
 Cinquefoil . . . 41 
 
 Succory 67 
 
 Sundew 17 
 
 Sweetbriar . . . . 42 
 Sweet Flag, or Sedge .136 
 Sweet Gale . . . .118 
 Swine' s-cress . 13 
 
 Sycamore . . . . 26 
 
 Tamarisk .... 45 
 
 Tansy 71 
 
 Tare ..... 36, 37 
 
 Teasel 62 
 
 Teesdalia .... 11 
 Thale-cress . . . . 12 
 
 Thistle 68 
 
 Thrift 105 
 
 Thyme ..... 96 
 Timothy-grass . . .144 
 Toadflax . . . . 92 
 Tooth wort .... 87 
 Traveller's-joy ... 1 
 Treacle Mustard . . 12 
 Tree Mallow ... 23 
 Trefoil .... 32, 33 
 Trichonema . . . .127 
 
 Turnip 13 
 
 Tutsan 24 
 
 Tway blade . . . .124 
 
 Valerian 61 
 
 Vernal-grass . . .143 
 Vervain . .102 
 
INDEX TO THE ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 187 
 
 Vetch 
 
 Page 
 
 36 
 
 White-rot . . . 
 
 Page 
 
 . 49 
 
 Vetchling .... 
 Violet . . 
 
 37 
 16 
 
 White-thorn . . 
 White Waterlily . 
 
 . 43 
 5 
 
 Viper's Bugloss . . 
 Wake-robin .... 
 
 83 
 135 
 
 Whitlow-grass . . 
 Whortle-berry . 
 Wild Basil . . . 
 
 . 10 
 
 . 78 
 . 100 
 
 Wall-flower .... 
 Wall Pellitory . . . 
 
 7 
 116 
 
 Wild Chamomile . 
 Willow . . 
 
 . 76 
 119 
 
 Wall Pepper . . . 
 WallEue . . . . 
 
 48 
 162 
 
 Willow-herb . . 
 Winter-cress . . 
 
 . 44 
 8 
 
 Wart-cress .... 
 
 13 
 
 Woodbine . 
 
 . 58 
 
 Watercress .... 
 
 9 
 
 Woodruff 
 
 . 60 
 
 Water Drop wort . 
 Water Hemlock . . 
 
 52 
 52 
 
 Wood-rush . 
 W^ood Sorrel 
 
 . 132 
 
 . 28 
 
 Water Milfoil . . . 
 
 45 
 
 Wormwood . 
 
 . 71 
 
 Water Plantain 
 
 134 
 
 Woundwort . . 
 
 . 99 
 
 Water Parsnep 
 Water Purslane 
 
 53 
 45 
 
 Yarrow .... 
 
 77 
 
 Water Badish . . . 
 Water Starwort . . 
 
 9 
 115 
 
 Yellow Pimpernel . 
 Yellow-rattle 
 
 . 104 
 
 . 90 
 
 Weasel- snout . . . 
 Wheat, or Wheat-grass 
 Whin 
 
 98 
 151 
 29 
 
 Yellow Waterlily . 
 Yellow-weed 
 Yellow wort 
 
 5 
 .. 15 
 
 . 82 
 
 White Dead-nettle . . 
 
 98 
 
 Yew 
 
 123 
 
 White Horehound . . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 FINIS. 
 
PRINTED BY 
 JOHN BDWAKD TAYLOB, LITTLB QUEEN STBEBT, 
 
 LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. 
 
U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES