LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNLA DAVIS r, >'./ BRARY DAVIS )PY 2 STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DIVISION OF RESOURCES PLANNING BULLETIN No. 75 WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS, VENTURA COUNTY VOLUME I TEXT AND PLATES EDMUND G. BROWN Governor HARVEY O. BANKS Director of Water Resources February, 1959 .\RY -? CALIFORNIA v'lS STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DIVISION OF RESOURCES PLANNING BULLETIN No. 75 WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS, VENTURA COUNTY VOLUME I TEXT AND PLATES EDMUND G. BROWN IfiV iWBS HARVEY O. BANKS Governor f\T "^ uJ^^" Director of Water Resources February, 1959 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. .... . ....Vv';. , . . xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS « . , xv ORGANIZATION, CALIFORNIA WATER COMMISSION ... xvi ORGANIZATION, STATE DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES xvii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 Authorization 1 Statement of Problems ........ 2 Related Investigations and Reports 3 Scope of Investigation and Report 5 Description of Area 8 Drainage Systems 8 Climate 9 Soils 10 Population 11 Definitions 11 CHAPTER II. WATER SUPPLY Ik Surface Water Supplies 1^ Precipitation Ik Rimoff 15 Ventura River System l6 Santa Clara River System l8 i Calleguas Creek System 3 9 Malibu Creek System 19 Surface Reservoir Storage 20 Sujrface Diversions 20 Groxmd Water Supplies 23 Geologic Formations 2if Wonwater-Bearing Series 24 Water-Bearing Series 24 Ground Water Basins, Ventura River System 25 Upper Ojai Basin 26 Ojai Basin 26 Upper Ventura River Basin 27 Lower Ventura River Basin 28 Ground Water Basins, Santa Clara River System 28 Piru Basin 28 Fillmore Basin 29 Santa Paiola Basin 30 Mound Basin 30 Oxnard Forebay Basin 31 Oxnard Plain Basin 32 Pleasant Valley Basin 32 Ground Water Basins, Calleguas Creek System 33 Sinii Basin 3^ East Los Posas Basin 3^ West Los Posas Basin 35 Cone jo Basin 36 ii Page Tierra Rejada Basin 36 Santa Rosa Basin 36 Ground Water Basins, Malibu . Creek . System 37 CHAPTER III. WATER ■UTILIZATION 41 Irrigation Use kl Urban Use , 4l Recreational Use k2 Fish and Wildlife 42 V/aste Disposal 43 CHAPTER IV. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA 45 Dissolved Constituents in Groimd and Surface Waters 45 Calcium (Ca) 46 Magnesium (lylg) 46 Sodiiara (Na) and Potassium (K) 46 Carbonate (CO^) and Bicarbonate (HCOo) 4? Sulfate (SO]^) 48 Chloride (Cl) 48 Nitrate (KOn ) 48 Boron (B) 49 Total Hardness 49 Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) 50 Fluoride (F) , 5I Salts of Heavy Metals 5I Page Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 52 Physical Properties of Water 53 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 53 Color 53 Turbidity ^k Odor and Taste 5^ Water Quality Requirements 55 Domestic and Municipal Use 55 Irrigation 56 Industrial Use 58 CHAPTER V. WATER QUALITY 6I Sources and Character of Data 6I Quality of Surface Water 63 Ventura River System 6k Santa Clara River System 69 Calleguas Creek System 73 Jfelibu Creek System 75 Quality of Groimd Water 75 Ventura River System JS Upper Ojai Basin 76 Ojai Basin 78 Upper Ventiira River Basin 79 Lower Ventura River Basin 82 Page Santa Clara River Systeiti . 83 Piru Basin 83 Fillmore Basin 86 Santa Paula Basin 90 Mound Basin .......... 93 Qxna,rd Forebay Basin 97 Oxnard Plain Basin 98 Pleasant Valley Basin IO6 Calleguas Creek System IO8 Simi Basin IO8 East and West Las Posas Basins 112 Santa Rosa Basin 115 Tierra Rejada Basin II6 Conejo Basin II6 ^fe.libu Creek System II8 ic.uality of Prospective Imported Supplemental Supplies II9 Colorado River Water 119 San Joaquin Valley - Southern Califomian Aqueduct System- • • • 121 Quality of Tidal Waters 122 Summary ............. 123 CHAPTER VI. WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS 125 Degradation from Natural Sources 127 Inipairment as a Result of Cultural Development 128 Irrigation Return Water 128 Page Sewage I3I InduGtrial V/astc 137 Oil Industry I38 Citi-us Packing Plants lilU V/ater Softener Regeneration Wastes I56 V/alnut Paclcing Plants I6I Refuse Disposal l62 I-Iiscellaneous Waste Discharges I6U Sea-Water Intrusion . l6h Salt Balance in Groiind Water Basins I68 Summary 172 CHAPTER VII. RECLAMATION OF WATER FROM SH-7AGE 175 Prior Studies of Water Reclame-tion in Ventura County 177 Pl£j.ns for Reclamation of Water from City of Oxnard Sewage Trectment Plant Effluent I78 ..uallty of Effluent from the City of Oxnard Sewage Treatment Plant I78 Industrial Use I80 Recharge of Ground Water Basins I80 Repulsion of Sea-Water Intrusion I8I Direct Irrigation Use l82 Page CHAPTER VIII. WATER QUALITY ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMEMT I85 Development of Local Water Supplies . I86 Ventura River Drainage System I86 Santa Clara River Drainage System I87 Effect of Importation of Siipplemental Water on Water Quality .... 187 The Colorado River Aqueduct I88 San Joaquin Valley - Southern California Aqueduct 19O CHAPTER IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS I9I Conclusions I9I Recommendations 195 TABLES Kxjmber Title Page 1 Maximum, Minimum and Average Measured and Estimated Seasonal Runoff at Key Stream Gaging Stations In or Near Ventvira County 1936-37 Through I95O-5I 1? 2 Major Diversions of Surface Water in Ventura County 22 3 Principal Geologic and Hydrologic Aspects of Groiind V/ater Basins in Ventura County 38 h Water Quality Tolerance for Industrial Uses 59 5 Suggested Water Quality Tolerances for Boiler Feed Water 60 6 Summary of Character and Quality of Surface Flow- in Ventura River System 66 7 Summary of Character and Quality of Surface Flow- in Santa Clara River System 70 8 Similarity of Quality and Character of Surface and Ground Water in Upper Ventura River Basin 80 9 Comparison of Quality and Character of Waters in Alluviiom and San Pedro Deposits of Lo-wer Ventvira River and Moimd Basins 9^ 10 Mineral Analyses of Drainage Water from Coastal Plain of Ventura County IO3 11 Mineral Analyses of Natural and Softened Colorado River Water 120 12 Sanitary Sewage Treatment Plants 133 13 Summary of Oil Waste Disposal Data, Ventirra Coxinty l40 Ik Oil Waste Disposal Practices, Ventura County lUl 15 Typical Mineral Analyses of Oil Field Wastes, Ventura County 1^3 TABLES (Continued) Nvmiber Title Page 16 Mineral Analyses of Citrus Packing Plant Wastes 1^5 17 Significant Industrial Waste Disposals, Ventura County 1^7 18 MLnerail Analyses of Water Softener Regeneration Wastes 158 19 Estimated Quantities of Water Softener Regeneration Wastes Effectively Discharged To Land in Ventiira County I6I 20 Comparison of Untreated Colorado River Water and Maximum and Minimum Values of Constituents in Gro\ind Waters in Calleguas Creek Drainage System I89 PLATES (Plate 1 and Plates 3-15 are bound at the end of Volume l) Plate Number 1 Area of Investigation 2* Locations of Wells with Water Quality Data 3 Recorded Seasonal Precipitation at Ojai h Accumulated Departure from Mean Seasonal Precipitation at Ojai 5 Estimated Seasonal Natural Rimoff of Sespe Creek near Fillmore 6 AccTJmiilated Departure from tfean Seasonal Natural Runoff of Sespe Creek near Fillmore 7 A, B, C Location of Surface and Drainage ~ Water Sampling Stations I958 8 Areal Geology 9 Relationship between Discharge and Total Dissolved Solids Concentration in Santa Clara River 10 Relationship between Discharge and Total Dissolved Solids Concentration for Principal Tributaries to the Santa Clara River 11 Mineral Character of Ground Waters^ Mound and Lower Ventura River Basins 12 Oil Fields and Waste Disposal Locations, 195^ 13 Mineral Character of Ground Waters in Vicinity of Port Hueneme and Point Mugu Ik Chloride Ion Increase, Well 1N/22W-29A2 15 Areal Extent of Sea Water Intrusion, Vicinity of Port Hueneme * Plate 2, inside back cover of Volume I APPENDIXES (Appendixes are bound in Volume II) A. Mineral Analyses of Surface Waters, Ventura County B. Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters, Ventura County C. Partial Mineral Analyses of Ground Water from Selected Wells D. Mineral and Sanitary Analyses of Effluent from Sewage Treatment Plants, Ventura County E. Cross Index - State Well Numbers to Ventura County Well Nxjmbers F. Evaluating the Quality of Irrigation Waters in Ventura County G. Mineral Analyses of Surface Waters Subsequent to 1952, Ventura County H. Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Subsequent to 1952, Ventura Coiinty xi EDMUND Q. BROWN y O. BANKS GOVERNOn ADDRESS REPLY TO RECTOR ''- ^- °°^ ^^° Sacramento 2 II20N STREET HI CKORY S-4711 STATE OF CALIFORNIA SACRAMENTO February 20, 1959 Honorable Edmund G. Broim, Governor, and Members of the Legislature of the State of California State Water Pollution Control Board Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board Gentlemen : I have the honor to transmit herewith Bulletin No. 75 entitled, "Water Quality and Water Quality Problems, Ventura County' This investigation was conducted and report prepared in accordance with provisions of Sections 229 and 230, Chapter 2, of Division 1 of the Water Code . This report evaluates the quality of surface and ground water supplies with respect to prevailing and anticipated bene- ficial uses of water in the County. It discusses the feasibility of reclamation of water from sewage, and the probable effects of future development upon water quality. Sea-water intrusion into the ground water basin in the vicinity of Port Hueneme and Point Mugu is one of the most serious water quality problems in Ventura County today. Other problems which will be intensified as the County grows and develops include the disposal of sewage and industrial wastes, and maintenance of favorable salt balance in the ground water basins. Appendixes bound in Voltime II of the report contain a wealth of analytical data used as a basis for the report. This data together with the results of the periodic and continuing sur- face and ground water monitoring programs currently carried on by the Department of Water Resources will constitute a firm foundation for planning the water quality aspects of future water development projects. Very truly yours ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The voluntary ard valuable cooperation received from the following organizations and individuals emd their contribution of data for this report; are aclmowledged with thanks: United States Geological Survey;, Water Quality and Surface Water Branches United States Navy Construction Battalion, Port Hueneme United States Navy Air Missile Test Center, Point Mugu California State Department of Public Health Bureau of Sanitary Engineering Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. k) Ventura County Farm Adx'-isor Ventura County Department of Public Works City of Ventura City of Los Angeles, Department of Water and Power University of California at Los Angeles, Division of Irrigation and Soils University of Southern California Sanitary Engineering Research Center United Water Conservation District Fruit Growers Laboratory, Incorporated Farmers Irrigation Covapemj Santa Paula Water WorkSj, Limited Special mention is made of the assistance rendered by Dr. L. D. Doneen, Professor of Irrigation, University of California at Davis, for his contribution entitled, "Evaluating the Quality of Irrigation Waters in Ventura County", which is reproduced in Appendix F. ORGANIZATION CALIFORNIA WATER COMMISSION Arnold Frew, Chairman, King City James K. Carr, Vice Chairman, Sacramento John T. Bunker, Gustine Everett L. Grubb, Elsinore Richard H. Fuidge, Marysville William H. Jennings, La Mesa Kenneth Q. Volk, Los Angeles George B. Gleason, Chief Engineer William M. Carah, Executive Secretary ORGAMZATION STATE DEPAKC-MENT OF WATER RESOURCES DIVISION OF RESOURCES PLAMIKG Harvey 0. Banks Ralph M. Brcdy William L. Berry Chief, Director of Water Resources Deputy Director Division of Resaarces Planning SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA DISTRICT This investigation was ecndueted and report prepared under the direction of I Max Bookman David B. Willets Donald H, McKillop Robert. F. Clawson Claude W. Hewitt Felix W, Cartier Robert. B. Gunderson Robert G. Thomas Eugene C. Ramstedt Ralph Paul Ross W. Mathews District Engineer under supervision of Supervising Hydraulic Engineer Senior Hydraulic Engineer by Senior Hydraulic Engineer Associate Hydraulic Engineer Civil Engineering Associate Assistant Hydraulic Engineer assisted by Senior Engineering Geologist AssistaJit Civil Engineer Junior Civil Engineer Civil Engineering Technician Carl B. Meyer Meyer Kramsky Staff supervision of Water Quality Activities is exercised by the Division of Resources Planning Chief. Special Activities Branch Chief, Water Q^iality Section P. A. Towner, Chief Coimsel P. L. Barnes, Chief, Division of Administration Isabel C. Nessler, Coordinator of Reports WATER QUALITY MID WATER QUAI.ITY PROBLEMS VEFPURA COUIfTY CHAPTER I. I?]TRODUCTION V/ater quality problems and their effects upon surface and ground water supplies are of particular significance to Ventura County. Results of a comprehensive investigation of historic and existing quality of surface and ground water supplies, and the past and potential sources of degradation and pollution are presented, in this report. In addition, there are presented the results of studies respecting the effects of proposed plans of development upon the quality of waters in Ventura County. Feasibility of the reclamation of water from sewage and industrial waste to overcome existing water supply deficiencies is also discussed. This report on the quality of water supplements a prior county-wide investigation of the water resources and water requirements in Ventura County undertaken in 1951 as a cooperative study between the State of California and the County of Ventura. Results of that investigation are published in State Water Resources Board Bulletin Ko. 12, entitled "Ventura County Investigation", fiated October, 1953- Authorization This investigation was conducted, and report prepared in accordance irlth Sections 229 and 230, Chapter 2 of Division 1 of the Water Code. Section 229 13 quoted as f ollovrs : "229. The department, either independently or in cooperation with any person or county, state, federal, or other agency, to the extent that funds are allocated therefor, shall investigate conditions of the quality of all waters within the State, including saline waters, coastal and inland, as related to all sources of pollution of whatever nature -1- f.nd shall repoiot tlrereon to the liegiolatvxe and tc the appropriate regional iretter polJ.utJ.oa control board 3innv.ally, and may recommend any steps which mifstit be taken to iaqorovfe or protect the quality of such waters," Section 21^0 reads as fciloxfs: "The dei..artment, either independently or in cooperation with any per- son or any cointy, st.?.te, .fet'.eri-l, or ether agency^ to the extent funds are allocated therefor, sti&ll conduct .-sur'/eys and investigations relating to the re;lajjat;"on of vater XA-on serage c~ ii:dustrf.al wastes for beneficial pv-x-poses, iiiciuding hvt xi-jt lisiited to, the determination of quantities of S'jcb. irate:.' presently i/a/stecij, aal posBitilitiCE; of tise of such water for re- chf.rge of u ^der^rouic-c 3to.'t.ge or i'or .^tijricultu.re or industrial uses; and ahaill repoi"t to the LesialAture anr. the appropriate regional water pollution control hoard thereoc annua.''J.y." Stf-teaent of Problem Water, in its eternal aovement fi-OM the noiantains to the ocean^ dissolves lainer&ls from the rocLs 2^id. soils with whr'.ch it comes in contact, l^on the nature of the soils a-^d the awo'int of salts disso3.ved depends the character and qxiaJ^ity of the nati-^'e vrater of an area. As the result of con- suBiptive use of water by aj^ricultv-ral crops and nat:.ve vegetatiai, and waste disposals of domestic And industrial crigin, the co.acentration of mineral salts in water is increased and its quality deceriorates . In part;? of Ve:itura County, the 'unoeteriorated" water supplies, both siirfp.ce and i?s the principeJ. 'rriter-benrin^ derjosits, contain relatively high concentrations of total dissolved solids, sulfate, tots.l hardness, and boron. Seepage of poor qua.\ity vix-.ters from oJ.der seBiipermeable formations, oil brine disposal, citrus packing plant wastes, 8ind other wastes, have contributed additional salts to the 'rater supplies. In the Oxnard Plain Basin, progressive lo'rering of piezometric levels in the confined aquifers to below sea level has restuted in sea-water intrusion. -2- Related Investigations and Reports The following listed published and lonpublished reports were reviewed during the investigation^ and certain information and data presented therein were used in the preparation of this report. Reference is made to these re- ports in the text by superscript figures in parentheses. 1. California State Department of Public Works^ Division of Water Resources. "Ventura County Investigation", Biilletin No. k6. 1933. 2. California State Department of Public Works ;, Division of Water Resources. "'^''entura County Investigation, Basic Data for the Period 1927 to 1932, Inclusive", Bulletin No. h6A. 3. State of California Department of Public Works, Division of Water Re- sources, "First Progress Report of Ventvira Oil Waste Investiga- tion". A report to Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. k) May, 1952. 4. California Stats Department of Public Works, Division of Water Resources. "Ventura County Oil Waste Investigation". A report to Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. h) . June, 1954. 5. California State Department of Public Works, Division of Water Resources. "Investigation of Waste Discharges from Water Softening Units, Los Angeles Region". A report to Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. 4). 6. California State Department of Public Works, Division of Water Resources. "First Progress Report of Investigation of Safe Dump Sites in South Coastal Basin Within Los Angeles Region". A report to Los Angeles RegionaJ. Water Pollution Control Board (No. 4). January, 1952. 7. California State Department of Public Health, Bureau of Sanitary Engi- neering. "Region- Wide Sampling of Sewage T'reatment Plant Effluents". A series of report.s to Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No, 4). December, 1951; Jime, 1952; Jferch, 1953; Jiine, 1953; February, 1954; and Jvily, 1954. 8. California State Water Pollution Control Board. "Water Quality Criteria". SWPCB Publication No. 3. 1952. 9. California State Water Pollution Control Board. "Studies of Waste Water Reclamation and Utilization". Publication No. 9. 1954. •3- 10. California State Water Resources Boardo "Water Reso\irces of CaLlifornIa' Bulletin No. 1. I95I. 11. California State Water Resources Board. "Ventura County Investigation". Bulletin No. 12. October, 1953- 12. Eaton, F. M. "Boron in Soils and Irrigation Waters and its Effect on Plants". United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin No. 448. February, 1935. 13. Freeman, V. M. "Preliminary Report on Cost of Reclaiming Water from the Oxnard Domestic Sewer System". Santa Clara Water Consejrvation District. September, 194-9. 14. Fruit Growers Laboratory, Inc. "Packing Plant Waste as 'Threatening Pollutants of I^in Basin Waters". A report to Water Pollution Committee of the Ventura County Citrus Packing Associations. June, 1953- 15. Hill, Raymond A. "Salts in Irrigation Waters". Transactions of American Society of Civil Engineers. 1942. 16. Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (Wo, 4). "Report on Survey of Waste Disposal Dumps in Ventura County". September, 1952. 17. Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. 4), "Progress Report on Possible Groiond Water Pollution from Waste V/ater Pro- duced from the Citrus Packing Plants in Ventura County, California" August, 1951. 18. Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. 4). "Report on Survey of Waste Disposal from Walnut Packing Houses in Los Angeles and Ventura Counties". January, 1953- 19. United States Federal Security Agency, Public Health Service. "Public Health Drinking Water Standards". 1946. 20. United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Soils. "Soil Survey of the Ventui'a Area California". 1920. 21. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. "Ventura River Project, California, A Report on the Feasibility of Water Supply Development". December, 1954. Scope of Investigation and Report Field and office work for this investigation was initiated in the fall of 1951^ and continued into 1958 o In the course of the field investi- gation,, available analyses of surface and ground waters were collected and compiled. Additional samples of surface waters collected during varying con- ditions and rates of flow, were analyzed in order to determine relationships between quality and discharge. Sufficient wells were sampled to insure com- prehensive areal water quality coverage of each of the ground water basins. In certain areas, particularly in the vicinity of Port Kueneme, wells were sampled periodically in an effort to determine quality trends. In all, a total of 1,8U0 partial and 1,58^ Gom.plete analyses of ground waters and ^39 partial and 566 complete analyses of surface waters were mads. These analyses were made in the Department of V/ater Resources labora- tories. In addition, in excess of 6OO complete mineral analyses of surface and ground "water supplies, dating back to 192?^ were obtained from Fruit Grower';. Laboratory Incorporated, United Water Conse2rvation District, Ventura Farm (2) Advisor, and Division of Water Resources Bulletin No. h6A All available data concerning sources of deterioration of water supplies were compiled. Available analyses of sewage were collected from agencies disposing of wastes to the Pacific Ocean. Reports concerning pos- sible pollution resulting from sewage and industrial waste discharges were reviewed and pertinent data abstracted. A brief investigation was made to ascertain the location of certain of the major waste discharges and conditions of disposal. In some instances, studies were made to determine if discharges were causing pollution or deterioration of surface or ground water supplies. Pertinent reports respecting the reclamation of water from sewage were reviewed. Studies were made to determine the quality, economic feasibility, and poteij.tial sites for beneficial use of vster which could be reclaimed from this soi.urce. As previously stated, this report is a comparion investigarlon to Bxilletin No. 12 of the State Wacer Resources Board. Therefore, the extensive studies of geology and hydrology' which were prepared for and presented in xhat Bulletin, were utilized in the preparation of this report. Also, information pertinent to the interpretation of x/ater quality has been abstracted therefrom.- Results of the investigation of wa';er quality and water quality problems in Ventiira County are presented in this report in the ensuing eight chapters. Chap- ter II contains inf orr^e-t ion pertinent to this investigation which has been abstracted from Bulletin No. 12. Chapter III, "Water llTcilization", cites the various beneficial uses of water in Ventura County and presents data to indicate the magnitude of the major uses. In Chapter lY, entitled ''Water Quality Criteria", there are presented water quality criteria for each major prevailing beneficial use and a short dis- cussion respecting each of the principal constituents foujid in water. In Chapter V, entitled "Water Quality", there is presented a detailed discussion of the historic and present quality of the ground and surface waters in Ventura County as well as a discxission of the prospective quality of potential soiorces of imported supplies. In Chapter VI, entitled "Water Quality Problems", there is presented a brief discussion of prevailing natural sources of deterioration in Ventura County and discussion of deterioration as a result of development, including the effects of industrial waste discharge.'., overdraft conditions, sewage disposals, and irriga- tion return. In addition, aspects of basin salt balance under present conditions are discussed. In Chapter VII, entitled "Reclamation of Water from Sewage", current waxer reclamation projects are reviewed and the results of studies to determine the feasibility of reclani8.tion of sewage presently disposed to the Pacific Ocean are discussed. r. -6- ( In Chapter VIII, entitled "Water Quality Aspects of Water Resciurces Development", the effects of several of the proposed plans for water supply development in Ventura County are discussed. This includes proposals for the further development of existing supplies and the estimated effect of the importation of supplemental water from the Colorado River and from Northern California on the quality of waters in Ventura County o Chapter IX,, entitled "Conclusions and Recommendations", summarizes the conclusions presented in the previous chapters and the actions recommended as a result of these stud- ies of water quality and water quality prolslems in Ventijra County, In addition to the text there are eight appendixes containing sup= porting data. These data include mineral analyses of suarface and ground waters, mineral and sanitary analyses of effluents from sewage treatment plants, and a cross index of State well numbers to Ventora County well numto" erso Also included is a paper "by DTo Lloyd Do Doneen, entitled "Evaluating the Quality of Irrigation Water in Ventura Co^alty"o These appendixes are hound separately in Volume II » Description of Area Ventura County forms a part of the South Coastal Area of Calif cmia., It is bounded "by Santa Barbara County on the west, Los Angeles County on the east and south, Keam County on the north, and the Pacific Ocean en the south- west as shown on Plate 1, "Area of Investigation". The area of the County, excluding Anacapa and San Nicolas Islands, which axe a part of Ventura County, is 1,857 square miles. The area of investigation includes all of the main- land portion of Ventura Cacinty except the Ciiyama River watershed. The County is characterized hy rugged mountainous terrain in -7= the northern portion and lower mountains and alluvial valleys in the central and southern portion. Niimerous ridges in these mountains extend to elevations in excess of 6,000 feet, attaining a maximum elevation of 8,826 feet at Mt. Pinos, near the northern boundary of the County. Drainage Systems '''■ Ventura County is drained by four principal stream systems, formed by the Ventura, Santa Clara, and Cuyaraa Rivers, and Calleguas Creek. With the ex- ception of the Cuyama River, these streams discharge into the ocean along the coastal front, forming the southwesterly boundary. The headwaters of the Cuyama River rise in the northwesterly portion of the CoiHity and drain into the ocean through the Santa fferia River. The Cuyama watershed and other minor areas in the westerly, northerly, and southerly portion of the County which drain into Santa Barbara, Kern, and Los Angeles Counties, except for that portion of the l^libu Creek drainage area which lies within Ventura County, are not covered in this report. In addition to the streams mentioned above, there are several minor vratercourses and drainage channels which drain the southwesterly portion of the County and discharge into the ocean. Climate The mediterranean type of climate, typical of the southern coastal portion of California, prevails in Ventura Covmty, with proximity to the ocean providing a moderating effect on climatic conditions throughout the developed area. A long, dry, warm summer season is followed by a shorter wet winter period accompanied by cooler temperatures. In excess of 80 per cent of the mean seasonal precipitation occurs during the months of December through March. Precipitation occurs generally in the form of rainfall, except in the mountain- ous regions where there is some snov/fall in most years. Fog is prevalent along the coast during portions of each yearo Temperature extremes generally increase with elevation and distazice from the coast. The mean annual temperattxre at Oxnard is somewhat less than 60 degrees Fahrenheit. The cities of Ojai, Vent-ura, Santa Paiila and Moorpark have mean annual temperatures of 60 degrees or slightly above. The growizig season is long and generally decreases with elevation and distance from the coast. Killing frosts are rare on the coastal plain of the Santa Clara River valley. Portions of this area are producing as many as three crops per year. Soils In general, the soils in Vent'ora County may he divided into three groups: (1) residual soilS;, which have been developed in place from the dis- integration and weathering of consolidated rocks, both of sedimentary and basic igneous origin; (2) old valley as.d coastal plain soils, which are derived from elevated, "onconsolidated, water-laid deposits which have undergone marked changes since their deposition; and (3) recent alluvial soils, which are derived from sediments that have undergone little or no change since their deposition. These soils have their origin in a variety of materials, includ- ing shale, sandstoeae, conglomerate, basic igneous rocks, and old valley =fill deposits. Residual soils are identified with hill acd mountain areas and comprise a relatively small area of the county. They are found principally in the rolling hills and ridges at the perimeter of the interior valleys. Soil textures vary from medium to heavy and soil depths are generally shallow. Drainage is generally good, and moisture retention adequate, ex= cept where underlying bedrock is near the surface. Soils of old valley fill and coastal plain groups occur both on hill and rolling lands, and on marine or stream terraces. These soils have -9- medi-om texture, are friable, and are well suited to irrigated agriciilture. Sub- soils are somewhat more compact and heaYier in texture, with local tendencies to form a hardpaa. Siirface drainage is good but subsiirface drainage is, in some cases, retarded by the hea-^/y compact natiire of the subsoil. Topography, identified with the recent alluvial soils, is smooth and gently sloping. The group covers nearly the entire coastal plain of the Santa Clara River valley. Depth of soil is usually good, with tex-bures grading from light to very heavy. The soils of this group have the common characteristic of stratification in the subsoil. On alluvial fans^ both SLirface and internal drainage is very good. However, in some of the lower valleys, where the soil is quite heavy, drainage is poor, as in the southerly portion of the coastal plain and extending northerly therefrom toward Camailllo, An extensive drain- age sytem has been constructed in this area to alleviate this problem. Population The 1950 Federal census reported the population of Ventura County to be 11^,6^4-7, as compared to the 19hO population of 69? 685, The increase during this period was about 65 per cent of the 19ii-0 total o Estimates made by Planning Research Corporation in-iicate that the total county population was greater than l60,000 in 1957= The City of Oxnard, which ranked third in population in 19i<-0, was first in I958, with a population of 21,567 and 34,326, respectively, according to a I958 special census. The estimated 1957 population of other incorporated cities in order of their magnitude was: Ventura, 28,300; Santa Paula, 12,370j Filljnore, 4,810; Port Hueneme, 8,750; and Ojai., 4,06Q. "10. Definitions Terms, as used in this report, are defined as follows: Aquifer - A formation or structure sufficiently permeable to yield water to wells or springs. Confined Ground Water = A body of ground water overlain by materials siifficiently impervious to sever free hydraulic connection with overlying water and moving under pressure caused by the elevation at the intake area . Contamination - As defined in Section I3OO5 of the Water Code, "Contamination means an impairment of the quality of the waters of the State by sewage or industrial waste to a degree which creates an actual hazard to public health through poisoning or through the spread of disease. . ." J\irisdiction over matters regarding contamination rests with the State Department of Health and local health officers. Degradation - Any impairment in the quality of water due to causes other than disposal of sewage and industrial waste. Free or Unconf ined Water - This generally refers to a body of groiind water in the zone of saturation that is not confined beneath an impervious formation. Ground Water Overdraft - The quantity of ground water withdrawn from a ground water basin in excess of safe ground water yield. Native Water - This term, when used with respect to quality of water, signifies the quality of the waters prior to the development of the area by man. As a practical matter, however, it is us\ially -11- used to signify tne quality found at the time of the first mineral analyses of the water in areas where there are no evidences of pollution or deterioration . Pollution - As defined in Section I3OO5 of the Water Code, "Pollution means an impairment of the quality of the waters of the State by sewage or industrial waste to a degree which does not create an actual hazard to the public health but which does adversely and unreasonably affect such waters for domestic, industrial, agricultural, navigational, recreational or other beneficial use ..." Regional water pollution control boards are respon- sible for prevention and abatement of pollution as defined in this section. However, the Attorney General has stated that the term "pollution" as used in Section 229 of the Water Code, which relates to investigations of water quality by the Department of Water Resources, is general in nature. Thus, with respect to this study, it encompasses all types of water quality deterioration, including sea-water intrusion and other types of degradation. Quality of Water - This refers to those characteristics of water affecting its suitability for beneficial uses. Refuse - Combustible and/or noncombustible organic and/or inorganic waste material (excepting sewage or industrial waste) originating in resi- dential, commercial, or industrial areas. Safe Ground Water Yield - The maximiim rate of extraction of water from a ground water basin which, if continued over an indefinitely long period of years, would result in maintenance of certain desirable fixed conditions. Commonly, safe ground water yield is determined by one or more of the following conditions: 1. Mean annual extraction of water from the ground water basin -12- does not exceed mean annual replenishment to the ground water body. 2. Water levels are not lowered so as to cause harmful impairment of the qiiality of the ground water by intrusion of any other water of undesirable quality, or by accxomulation and con- centration of degradants or pollutants . 3. Ground water levels are not so lowered as to imperil the economy of ground water use by excessive costs of pumping from the groiind water body, or by exclusion of users from that source of supply. h. Prior rights of others in adjacent ground water basins are not interfered with. Semiperched Ground Water - A ground water body, usually un- conf ined, lying above the main body of ground water and partially separated therefrom by iinsaturated rock. -13- CHAPTER II. WATER SUPPLY t.r The quality of surface water is related to the geology of the tribu- tary watershed and the frequency, intensity, and magnitude of precipitation. Likewise ground water quality is related to the sources of recharge and the geologic formations which form the ground water basins. This chapter presents a summary of the geology and hydrology of Ventura County with emphasis on the occurrence and movement of ground water in the principal ground water basins.- Information set forth herein is based on detailed studies published in Bulletin 12 of the State Water Resources Board. Surface Water Supplies The principal sources of water supply to Ventura County are direct precipitation on the valley floor and runoff from tributary drainage areas. However, a small amount of water imported from Los Angeles County and rela- tively minor quantities of water released from the Los Angeles aqueduct in the upper reaches of the Santa Clara River watershed have contributed to the supply. There is no record of export of water from Ventura County. Precipitation . Precipitation in Ventura County occurs primarily as rainfall, al- though light snowfall is not uncommon in the higher mountains in the northern portion of the County. The mean seasonal depth of precipitation varies from about 32 inches in the Topatopa Mountains to about 12 inches in the vicinity of Point .Mugu . Precipitation in the county exhibits extreme monthly and seasonal ■1);. variation. The seasonal variation at Ojai, which is similar to the variation at other stations within the county, is shown on Plate 3, entitled "Recorded Seasonal Precipitation at Ojai". The apparent cyclic nature of the occurrence of the precipitation at this station is shown on Plate k entitled, "Accumu- lated Departure from Mean Seasonal Precipitation at Ojai". Approximately Oo per cent of the seasonal precipitation occurs during the U-month period December through March, although it is not unusual for one or more of these months to be extremely dry in any given season. Runoff Runoff flowing in streams in Ventura County is derived primarily from rainfall and exhibits similar monthly and seasonal variations. Absence of snowpack in the tributary watersheds causes flow in all streams to diminish rapidly at the conclusion of the winter precipitation season, although some .'juinmer flow is m.aintained by springs in the upper reaches of the more productive watersheds . Seasonal natural runoff in the principal streams of the county has varied from a meiximum in excess of UOO per cent of the mean to a minimum of less than 5 per cent. Following a severe storm, discharge in the larger streams has been known to increase from practically no flow to a rate of thousands of cubic feet per second in a few hours time. Seasonal variations in the runoff of Sespe Creek near Fillmore are presented on L^late 5 entitled, "Estimated Seasonal Natural Runoff of Sespe Creek near Fillmore", and the cyclic nature of the occurrence of runoff at this station is shown on Plate n entitled, "Accumulated Departure from Mean Seasonal Natural Runoff of f;'espe Creek near Fillmore". -15- Major drainage systems in Ventura County which are included in this report are: Ventura River, Santa Clara River, and Calleguas Creek. In addition, a portion of the lyb-libu Creek system lies within Ventura Covmty. Runoff in each of these systems is briefly discussed "below. The locations of the various streams in each of the drainage systems in Ventura County are delineated on Plates 7A, B & C, entitled "Location of S\irface and Drainage Water Sampling Stations". Tributary runoff is disposed through percolation to ground water storage in absorptive stream channels and artificial spreading grounds, evapo- ration, cons\imptive use of native vegetation, diversions to meet the require- ments of irrigated agriculture and urban development, and discharge to the ocean. Ventura River System . Ventura River, vmich originates in the Santa Ynez and Topatopa Moiintains and drains an area of approximately 226 sqviare miles, flows in a southerly direction discharging to the Pacific Ocean at the City of Ventura. T"ne principal tributaries of Ventura River are Ifetilija, Coyote, and San Antonio Greeks, and Canada Larga. According to State Water Resources Board Bulletin No. 12^ , the discharge at Station No. ^4-2-5 -7? Ventura River near Ventura, ranged from a maximum of 256,000 acre-feet to a minimum of zero, averaging 59^00'-' acre- feet, for the period 1936-37 tiirough I95O-5I. Average values of runoff in the Ventura River and certain of its tributaries are presented in Table 1 entitled, "Maximum, Minimum and Average Measured and Estimated Seasonal Runoff at Key Stream Gaging Stations in or near Ventura County, 1936-37 through 1950-51"- The location of eacn of these stations is delineated on Plate 7A entitled "Location of Surface and Drainage Water Sang^ling Stations, I958". -16- TABLE 1 MAXIlvIUM, MINIMUM AND AVERAGE MEASURED AND ESTIMATED SEASONAL RUNOFF AT KEY STREAI'i GAGING STATIONS IN OR NEAR VENTURA COUNTY 1936-37 THROUGH 1950-51 Stream Stream mile location number Drainage area, in square rniler. Annual Runoff '.,' acre feet and Station Maximvuii: kinimum Average Matilija Creek at Matilija k2-l'y. 6-0.2 55 125,280 1 ,5^^0 29, 420 North Fork Matilija Creek at Matilija 1+2-15. 6a -0.5 15.5 31,290 590 8,000 Coyote Creek near Ventura i+2-6.0-0.3 1+1 50,890 50 11,220 Ventura River near Ventura ^2-5.7 187 256,300 59,Oi+0 Santa Clara River near i+3-i+5.5 UlO ^9,T(0 220 15,500 Saugus Santa Clara River l/2-mile west of county line 1+3-37.3 Piru Creek near Piru ^3-31 8-3.2 1+32 Hopper Creek near Piru 1+3-28 9-1.0 23 Cespe Creek near Fillmore 1+3-21 5-6.0 251+ Santa I aula Creek near ^+3-15 9-3.8 40 Santa Paula Arroyo Simi near Simi Ajrroyo Las Posas near Moorpark Malibu Creek at Crater Camp near Calabasas I+I+-I2.2-5.8-8.5 75 1+1+-12.2-5.8-2.7 118 I15-I+.3 61+U 86,110 l-:,28o 33,530 226,300 2,1+10 57,270 15,1+00 ii+o 4,1+30 371,700 l,2S.O 90,160 57,680 990 17,01+0 7,150 1,120 9,350 1,500 103 73,220 60 15,620 -17- Santa Clara River System. The Santa Clara River drains 1,06J+ square miles below the Ventura-Los Angeles County line and 62? square miles above the County line or a total of 1,691 square miles. The river originates in the Sierra Pelona and San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County and flows in a , westerly direction to enter the Pacific Ocean just south of the City of Ventura. The principal tributaries in Ventura County are Piru, Hopper, Sespe and Santa Paula Creeks from the north and Salt Creek from the south. Piru and Sespe Creeks, which drain U32 and 25^4- square miles, respectively, are the largest of these tributaries. It was estimated in State Water Resources Board Bulletin No. 12 that the 15-year average seasonal natural runoff at Station No. ^3-37-3, known as Santa Clara River one-half mile west of the Los Angeles -Ventura County line, was 33,530 acre-feet. During this period the maxiraiom flow recorded was 86,110 acre-feet and the minimum flow recorded was i|,280 acre-feet. Average annual values of runoff during the period 1936-37 through 1950-51 at selected stations on the Santa Clara River and its tributaries are presented in Table 1. The location of the gaging stations is delineated on Plate 7B. Historically, imported water has entered the Santa Clara River drainage area through release from the Los Angeles aqueduct or as the result of spill from Bouquet Canyon Reservoir on tiie aqueduct system. A total of 60,900 acre-feet of water was discharged to Santa Clara River from tuese sources during the period 1936-37 through I95O-5I. While this release contributed to water supply to Ventura County the quantitative effect on the long time average supply is relatively small. -18- Calleguas Creek System. The Calleguas Creek system drains 33I square miles. Arroyo Simi and Tape Creeks, the headwaters of this system, originate in the Santa Susanna and Santa Monica Mountains. Arroyo Simi, rising near the Los Angeles -Ventura County line east of Santa Susanna, flows in a westerly direction through Simi Valley to a short distance southwest of Moorpark, at V7hich point the stream name changes to Arroyo I^s Posas, The stream then continues in a westerly direction until near Somis, where it turns to the south, with a second change of name to Arroyo Calleguas. Southeast of Camarillo the stream is called Calleguas Creek, and flows in a southwesterly direction toward Mugu lagoon and the Pacific Ocean. The runoff in Calleguas Creek System is relatively minor. The seasonal flow in Arroyo Las Posas near Moorpark has varied from a minimum of zero (for several seasons) to a maximum of approximately 9^000 acre-feet during the oeriod 193^-37 to 1950-51. The runoff averaged 1,500 acre-feet per year for the 15-year period. The locations of gaging stations on the Calleguas Creek System are delineated on Plate 7C. Malibu Creek System. The southerly slopes of the Santa Monica Moun- tains within Ventura County are drained by Los Virgenes and T'riunfo Creeks, tributaries of Kalibu Creek, together with several minor streams discharging directly into the ocean. However, runoff from these streams is minor in quantity and has little or no effect on the water supply situation in Ventura County. -19- Surface Reservoir Storage Nine reservoirs in Ventiira County, utilized for stream flow regulation, are sufficiently large to be subject to the jurisdiction of the State of Cali- fornia. In addition, there are three reservoirs in the County which are used to impound waste from oil field operations. Information concerning these latter structures is presented in the discussion on oil industry wastes in Chapter VI . The principal conservation reservoirs in Ventura County are created by Matilija and Santa Felicia Dams, the locations of which are delineated on Plates 7A and B. Matilija Dam is a concrete arch structure, 163 feet in height forming a reservoir with storage capacity of about 7>000 acre-feet. It was constructed in 19^8 by the Ventura County Flood Control District, Santa Felicia Dam on Piru Creek, consti-ucted oy the United water Conservation District, was completed in 1955- It is an earthfill type dam, creating a reservoir with maxi- mum storage capacity of 100,000 acre-feet. In addition to existing dams, the United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation has initiated construction of Casitas Dam on Coyote Creek of the Ventura River drainage area as shown on Plate 7A. An earthfill dam will provide a reservoir with a capacity of 250,000 acre-feet which will impound waters diverted from the Ventura River during periods of high runoff in addi- tion to runoff from the Coyote Creek watershed. Surface Diversions Utilization of surface v;aters in Ventur?^ County is limited to a relatively few user;; ulon,'; the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers and their -20- tributaries. Along the Santa Clara River system, the users divert the uncon- trolled surface flow including rising water, of Piru, Sespe, and Santa Paula Creeks. Supplies from these sources are not dependable in quantity, and in some years disappear completely. I^ny users of sixrface water supplies are also equipped to purap supplemental ground water. The City of Ventiira is the largest user of surface waters along the Ventura River, and has pumped ground water to sijpplement this supply when necessary. Above the City's diversion near Foster Park, several gravity diversions supply water to agricultiiral users and small urban entities adja- cent to the river. A list of the major users, sources of supply, locations of diversions, and other pertinent data is presented in Table 2 entitled "Major Diversions of Surface Water in Ventura County". ■21- 1-0 a) Q. ^ ® g§ •rt S, (1< +> c 1-1 o o! ■»» CO C <» * O C 0) c^ to C »H o. d -H 1 » (0 « •Kt Ui u u » o -H> « > Id 60 45 d-a a ■H t, -^ ■P > la ."? « B o •H « u to > -H ■D «« O 4» c C 0. B-g ■f- s=> «1 t. o ® O 10 c-1 n rH TJ 5! C ^< (6 IB .-1 a Q> o «-. L. o c o a> J3 C 0) 3 A! JS 3 i-l (• &: t< (^ o S (!) i-t ■rH C Ck 0< •ri Oi o •a s O JQ § b •H +> fc< Id E2 t. +a 1-1 » o n! a.- 3 , ID &, I t3 ••^ "2 9 w 05 § u o 5 s <& Q> tli) r-< O dSEx s i o o ■4^ S: •H oi 3 60 n) CO 4 O ^2 §5 O Q, S3 ""^ M § I e Id •H +> 1-4 I. II r o It S -ri o +> f^ CO C:. U -22- Ground Water Supplies Regulation of the available water supplies of Ventura County is accomplished principally through utilization of the storage capacity in under- lying ground water reservoirs . Usable ground water supplies are found in the valleys and in some hill areas in the southern part of the county. These supplies occur principally in alluvium and unconsolidated sediments, and to a lesser extent in consolidated and fractured rock of sedimentary and vol- canic origin. Underground water supplies are replenished by percolation of surface waters, ooth in natural absorptive channels and in artificial spreading grounds; by deep penetration of precipitation and the unconsumed portion of applied irrigation water; and oy subsurface inflow from adjacent ground water basins . Disposal of ground water supplies is effected by piomped extractions, discharge as rising water, consumptive use by native vegetation in areas subject to high ground water levels, and subsurface outflow . As an introduction to the discussion of ground water geology and hydrology in Ventura County there is presented a discussion of geologic formations. Following this, there is a brief discussion of the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the individual ground water basins found in each of the drainage systems in Ventura County. These data are sum- marized in Table 3, "Principal Geologic and Hydrologic Aspects of Ground V/ater Basins in Ventura County"; the areal geology of Ventura County is delineated on Plate 8. Contours depicting the ground water level in the spring of 1957 are shown on Plate 2. ■23- Geologic Formations a g ^ Rocks found in Ventura County consist of marine and nonmarine sediments, ranging in age from Cretaceous to Recent, and volcanics of Miocene age. The ^-^ sediments and volcanics are underlain by a pre -Cretaceous oasement complex com- posed of igneous and metamorphic rocks. These formations are probably underlain by sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age in some areas. From the standpoint of water supply, geologic formations may be separated into two categories, non- water-bearing formations and water-bearing formations. Formations included among each of these two categories are discussed in the following paragraphs. Monwater -Bearing Series. Nonwater -bearing deposits in Ventura County include the basement complex, sediments of Cretaceous and Tertiary age and vol- canics of Miocene age. Outcrops of these deposits are delineated on Plate 8. Although the sediments of the nonwater -bearing series are generally incapable of producing a dependable supply there are domestic wells throughout Ventura County which extract limited amounts of water from these deposits, and a few wells which yield large amounts of water. VJater -Bearing Series. The water-bearing deposits in Ventura County include lower Pleistocene age sediments, upper Pleistocene sediments and Recent alluvium. The deposits of lower Pleistocene age consist of the Ganta Barbara and the San Pedro formations. The Santa Barbara formation, which ranges from upner Pleistocene to lower Pleistocene in age, contains mudstone, shale, and minor sandstone oeds . Near the top of the Santa Barbara formation a deposit of sand and gravel forms the Grimes Canyon aonifer, which is an important source of ground water in Los Posas Basin. The lower Pleistocene San Pedro .21.. formation consists of marine and continental sands, gravels and clays that range up to U,000 feet in thickness, and supply water to wells in the Santa Clara River Valley, Pleasant Valley, and Las Posas Basin areas. At the base of the San Pedro formation is an important aquifer, known as the Fox Canyon aquifer, which consists of IOC to ifOO feet of sands and gravels. Upper Pleistocene silts, sands, gravels, and clays overlay the San Pedro formation. In the Oxnard Plain area these sediments extend from the top of the San Pedro formation to within about 20 to 50 feet of the surface. The main aquifer in the Oxnard Plain Basin is a stream-deposited gravel within these upper Pleistocene sediments, termed the Oxnard aquifer. Some water is also obtained from lenticular upper Pleistocene gravels in the Pleasant Valley area. Deposits of Recent alluvium in the region are usually less than 50 to 60 feet thick and consist of sands, gravels, and clays. As the Recent alluvium is very shallow, most wells obtain water from older formations. Ground VJater Basins, Ventura River System Ground water basins within the Ventura River system include the Upper Ojai, Ojai, Upper Ventura River and Lower Ventura River Basins. The location of these basins is delineated on Plate 2 and a s^ommsiry of geologic and hydrolcgic information is set forth in Table 3« In general, the basins of this system are small and have limited storage capacity. For this reason, they are quickly recharged during wet periods and rapidly depleted during periods of drought. The lands of this system not included within the indicated limits of ground water basins are principally underlain by forma- tions of low permeability which do not yield water readily to wells. However, -25- in these areas, some water is obtained frora fractures and pervious zones within consolidated Tertiary deposits. Upper Ojai Basin . Upper Ojai Basin is situated in the northv;esterly part of the Ventura lUver system. The principal water-bearing deposits are found in the Pleistocene and Recent alluvium that covers the floor of the Basin to an average depth of approximately 6o feet. The alluvium is flanked by the folded and faulted 1 ico, Santa Margarita, Modelo, Rincon, Vaqueros and Sespe formations as shown on Plate 8. Fractures in these Tertiary formations con- tain some ground v.'ater and many small springs are supplied from fractures in these rocks . In the Upper Ojai Basin, ground vrater moves westerly into Lyon Canj-on of the Ventura River drainage system as shown by contours of water levels on Plate 2. Consolidated Tertiary formations prevent any appreciable subsurface outflow of ground water from the Upper Ojai Basin into Ojai Basin. Ojai Basin. Ojai Basin, the p.rincipal ground water basin in the Ventura River drainage system is a down faulted and folded area that has oeen filled wiuh Recent and Pleistocene stream alluvium to depths which range up to TOO feet in thickness. The alluvium rests on and is flanked by Tertiary formations . Although some ground water is contained in fractures derived from the flanking Tertiary formations, the major portion of the readily avail- able supply is contained in the alluvial floor of the basin. Water diverted from Hatilija Reservoir into the Ojai spreading grounds serves as a partial source of recharge to the ground water reservoir. Ground water in the Ojai Basin moves south and west and converges on San /-.nto)\i.c) r;reek at its outlet from Ojai Valley. However, during oeriods 26- of low water levels the water table slope has been reversed to form a de- pression or trough in the vicinity of Ojal as indicated by ground water contours on Plate 2. During periods of high water levels^ some wells located in the southwestern part of the basin exhibit conditions of artesian flow, suggesting the occurrence of locally confining conditions. At the west end of Ojai Valley available evidence suggests that subsurface outflow is blocked by no nwater -bearing materials of the Sespe formation. This, and the fact that bedrock is exposed in San Antonio Creek indicate that subsurface outflow from Ojai Basin into Upper Ventura River Basin is probably insignificant. Upper Ventura River Basin . The Recent alluvium is the principal water-bearing deposit found in the Upper Ventura River Basin. This basin includes the Upper Ventura River Valley, the Coyote Creek drainage area, and that part of the San Antonio Creek drainage area downstream from Ojai Valley. In the Ventura River Valley the depth of this alluviiJim ranges from 60 to 100 feet, while in the smaller San Antonio and Coyote Creeks the fill is thinner, ranging from 5 to 30 feet in depth. These alluvial deposits rest on and are flanked by folded and faulted Tertiary formations. Most of the ground water in the basin is contained in the alluvial deposits, although some water is contained in fractures in older formations. Free ground water conditions generally prevail throughout the basin, although there are some localized bodies of confined water. Subsurface flow to Lower Ventura River Basin occurs around the east end of a subsurface barrier built by the City of Ventura near Foster Park. •-27- Lover Ventura River Basin. Alluvial deposits that range from 60 to 100 feet thick in the floor of the Ventura River Valley are the important ■' aquifers in this basin. The alluvium of the basin is generally vmderlain '^ by nonwater-bearing Tertiary formations. 'The water-bearing San Pedro formation flanks and underlies the alluvium at the mouth of the Ventura River, although this aquifer appears to be hydraulically isolated from the alluviurn oy imper- meable formations, and is considered to be part of the Mound Bs.sin. Utiliza- tion of ground water from the Lower Ventura River Basin has been negligible since 1926, when most wells were abandoned because of poor quality. Ground Water Basins, Santa Clara River System . Ground water basins in this system comprise Piru, Fillmore, Santa Paula, Mound, Oxnard Forebay, Oxnard Plain, and Pleasant Valley Basins. Col- lectively, they are the most productive basins in Ventura County. The location of these basins is delineated on Plate 2, and the principal geologic and hydro- logic characteristics of these basins are given in Table 3- Direction of move- ment of ground water in the spring of 1957, as indicated by lines of equal elevation of ground water, is shown on Plate 2. Piru Basin . Piru Basin is the easternmost basin lying entirely within Ventura County. The principal water-bearing deposits of upper Pleistocene and Recent alluviu>.. and underlying Pleistocene San Pedro formation coincide axially with the Santa Clara River syncline, and the San Pedro formation has been folded into the syncline. Southeast of Piru the synclinal axis has been folded upward, causing the San Pedro formation to be truncated by erosion. Tn addition. Tertiary formations have been moved over the younger San Pedro -28- formation by thrusting along the San Cayetano and Oakridge faults. These older formations are essentially nonwater -bearing but may contribute some water of poor quality to the main aquifers . The thickness of the alluvial deposits rangesfrom 85 to 200 feet, whereas the San Pedro formation may attain a thickness approaching ^+,000 feet. At the eastern boxindary of the basin, near Blue Cut, the alluvium covering the nonwater-bearing deposits is thin, with the result that sub- surface inflow is negligible. At the western boundary of Piru Basin a con- striction impedes the flow of groiind water and results in rising water in Santa Clara River. Fillmore Basin . The principal water-bearing deposits in Fillmore Basin are the alluvium of Pleistocene to Recent aige, up to 25O feet in thick- ness, and the San Pedro formation, which may have a thickness as great as i4-,000 feet. East of Santa Paula, the cross sectional area of the San Pedro formation has been reduced by warping of the Santa Clara River syncline. This restriction forms the western boundary of the basin, through which a minor amount of subsurface outflow occurs. On the south side of the basin, in the Bardsdale area, the alluvium overlies the shelf of nonwater-bearing rocks which have been thrust upward by the Oakridge fault. The alluvium overlying this shelf is up to I80 feet thick. Historically, the alluvium has been substantially dewatered in certain areas along the north and south sides of Fillmore Basin, with the result that several wells have gone dry. However, in most areas, deepening of wells into the underlying San Pedro formation would probably have allevi- ated the difficulty. An exception to this general situation exists in the .29. southerly portion of Fillmore Basin, south of the Oakridge fault, where the alluvium is underlain by relatively nonwater-bearing Tertiary deposits. Santa Paula Basin. The alluvium in the Santa Paula Basin ranges u^ to 200 feet in thickness, v^hile the underlying San Pedro formation is about i4-,000 feet thick. In the northwestern part of the basin near Saticoy, deposits of yellow silty clay overlie the principal gravel zones in the alluvial de- posits creating locally confined conditions. Underlying and flanking the San Pedro formation are semipermeable Tertiary deposits, which may yield water of poor quality to wells . Ground water moves toward the west end of the basin, where movement is impeded by the Saticoy fault. Water levels are 50 to 100 feet higher on the upstream side of the fault than on the downstream side, indicating that this fault is an effective ground water barrier. Between Santa Paula and Mound Basins there is a relatively steep hydraulic gradient, which may be caused by a decrease in permeability in the underlying sediments or by some unknown faulting in the San Pedro formation. Mound Basin. The San Pedro formation, which is the principal water- bearing deposit in the basin, is overlain by alluvium and underlain by Santa Barbara formation. The alluvial deposits, which range from upper Pleistocene to Recent in age, consist of yellow clay that has intercalated lenses of sand and gravel. The alluvium is underlain by it-,000 feet of gravels, sand, silts, and clays which make un the San Pedro formation. The upper 500 to 1,000 feet of the San Pedro formation consists of many permeable beds of sands and gravels that are discontinuous and extremely lenticular. These form the principal sources of ground water in this basin. -30- At the present time, there is insiifficient evidence to indicate that sea water is intruding into the San Pedro formation. It is possible that the submarine extensions of the formations may be in hydraulic contin- uity with the ocean, and consequently, inflow of sea water or outflow of fresh water can occur. There is uncertainty as to the hydraulic continuity of the San Pedro formation between the Mound Basin and Oxnard Plain Basin, but it is possible that subsurface inflow to or outflow from the Oxnard Plain Basin may occur when water levels are favorable. Oxnard Forebay Basin. Formations in this basin include Recent and upper Pleistocene alluvium \inderlain unconformably by the San Pedro forma- tion and, in a small area, by the Santa Barbara formation. Alluvium of Recent and upper Pleistocene age is the most important material in the Oxnard Forebay since it forms the ground water reservoir for most of the water used in Oxnard Plain Basin. The alluvium consists of up to about i<-00 feet of river deposited gravel, clay, and sand. The Oxnard Forebay Basin is a free ground water basin in which there is hydraulic continuity between ground surface and the ground water table. The upper gravels are continuous with the Oxnard aquifer of Oxnard Plain Basin. The alluvium is underlain by permeable sands and gravels of the San Pedro formation, called the Fox Canyon member. Ground water in the Oxnard Forebay Basin is the principal source of recharge to the Oxnard Plain Basin through the aquifers in the alluvium and the San Pedro formation. Outflow through the San Pedro formation into Mound Basin may occur at times in the area near Montalvo. -31- Oxnard Plain Basin. The principal water-bearing formations in the Oxnard Plain Basin are Recent and Pleistocene alluvial deposits, which range -^• in thickness from 400 to 500 feet and the underlying San Pedro formation, the thickness of which ranges from about 600 feet in the south to almost 1,800 feet in the north of the basin. The Oxnard aquifer, of Recent and Pleistocene age, is the most important aquifer in the basin. It ranges from 75 to 200 feet in thickness and is confined by a layer of clay with interbedded lenses of sand and gravel up to 150 feet in thickness. The clay supports a semiperched vrater body, but slovr infiltration through the cap probably contributes to the recharge of the Oxnard aquifer. Another aquifer is found in the south- eastern part of the basin where a fairly continuous bed of gravel 70 feet thick is encountered at depths of about 400 feet near the base of the upper Pleistocene alluvium. The most important aquifer in the San Pedro formation is the Fox Canyon member, consisting of sands and gravels which range from 100 to 300 feet in thickness. These three aquifers are in hydraulic con- tinuity with the ocean near Port Hueneme, or Point Mugu or both. Limited quantities of water are obtained from other permeable zones in the San Pedro formation and in the upper Pleistocene sediments. Pleasant Valley Basin . The Recent and upper Pleistocene alluvium and the San Pedro and Santa Barbara formations are the principal sources of ground water in Pleasant Valley Basin. In the area north of the Camarillo fault and south of the Camarillo hills, the alluvium consists of about 400 feet of yellow and blue clays with lenticular v:ater-bearing sands and gravels. South of the Camarillo fault, the alluvium consists mostly of clay with -32- irregularly iiaterbeddei sands and gravels, with a total thickness of hOO feet. The San Pedro formation underlies the entirs basin^, ranging in thickness from too to 1,50c feetn and has at its base the Fox Canyon member. The Fox Canyon member, ranging in thickness from 100 to 3OO feer,, is the most important aquifer in Pleasant Valley Basin « Underlying the San Pedro formation is the Senta Barbara formation, which varies from 5C to 9CC feet in thickness. Only a few wells obtain v&'itr from this latter formation and, since the sediments are of a fine-grained nature, it nas not been develop-ed as an important aquifer. Adjacent to and underlying the southern part of the basin are vol- canic rocks vhich yield water to viells from fractures and from gravels inter- bedded with volcanic flows . Nearly all ground water bodies of this basin are confined, the exception being the Fox Canyon member, which is unconfined in a limited area near Somis. During periods of heavy draft., ground water moves tov;ard the center of the basin, whereas when water levels are high, ground water moves in a southerly direction ':hrough the basin. Ground Water Bs.sins, Call eguas Creek System. Ground water basins :'n the Calleguas Creek drainage system include Simi, East and West Las Posas, Conejo, Tierra Rejada, and Santa Rosa Basins. The remaining lands of the system are principally underlain by formations of low permeability, which do not yield water readily into wells. The lo- cation of thEse basins is delineaxed on Plate 2, Table 3 presents a summary cf some of the characteristics of these basins. The direction of ground water movement, as evidenced by contours of ground water elevation for the spring of 1957? is shown on Plate 2. ■53- Simi Basin. The principal water-bearing formation in Simi Valley is the Recent and "Pleistocene alluvi^jm consisting of sands, gravels, and clays, covering the floor of the valley to depths that range up to 730 feet. The clay content increases tovrard the vest end of the basin causing localized conditions of confined gro'and water. Underlying the alluviiun are semipermeable Tertiary fonaations which contain water in fractures and interstices. However, they do no"C jdeld. large amo^r^ts of water to wells. In the Tapo Canyon area about 1,000 feet of water-bearing sands and gravels and some clays of the Santa Barbara fonaation have been folded Into a tight syncline. This formation, the second most jjnpcrtant source of gro'ond water in Simi Valley; is separated from allu- vium of Si.T.i Valley by nonwat^r-bearing rocks as shown on Plate 8. Subsurface outflow from this ba.sin moves through the alluvium to Arroyo Simi where the al.luviua?. appears to be only 60 to 100 feet deep and about 1,000 feet wide. East Ij as Poses Bs.sin_^ The principal aquifers in this basin are the alluvium and the San Pedi'o and Santa Barbara formations. The alluvitmi is Pleistocene to Fecent in age and reaches a maximum thickness of 200 feet in the vicinity of Mooi-park. The San Pedro formation in this basin consists of about 2,000 feet of gravel, sands, and clays, and contains two important aqui- fers, the Epworth gravels and the Fox Canyon member. The Epworth gravels, which consist of up to 2,000 feet of gravels ^ sands and silts and clay, are located near the top of the San Pedro formation. The Fox Canyon member, situ- ated near the base of the San Pedro formation, is about 100 to 400 feet thick and consists of sands, gravels with interbedded clay and silt lenses. With the exception of these two aquifers, the San Pedro formation does not yield large amounts of water to wells. The underlying Santa Barbara formation is up to _34. 2,000 feet thick and has at its top a coarse gravel member known as the Grimes Canyon aquifer. The thickness of this aquifer varies greatly, ranging from a few feet to 1,000 feet. The portion of the Santa Barbara formation under- lying the Grimes Canyon aquifer has low permeability and yields little water to wells . Subsurface inflow into the basin is limited to that coming from older rocks and minor amounts from Simi Valley through the alluvium. Sub- surface outflow is to Pleasant Valley Basin. West Las Posas Basin. West Las Posas Basin is geologically similar to East Las Posas ^sin. G?he important aquifers of the basin are the Fox Canyon member of the San Pedro formation and the Grimes Canyon member of the Santa Barbara formation. The San Pedro formation is over 1,300 feet thick with the lowermost Fox Canyon member, consisting of sand and gravel, being 200 to 300 feet thick. In this basin, the Grimes Canyon member is up to 300 feet thick. Between the Grimes Canyon and Fox Canyon aquifers there is a bed of clay remging up to 6OO feet in thickness, which generally acts as an impermeable barrier between the two aquifers. There are places, however, where the clay has been eroded away at the base of the Fox Canyon aquifer and continuity exists between the aquifers. The alluvial deposits, 200 to 300 feet in thickness, that overlie the San Pedro formation consist of silts and clays similar to those in the San Pedro formation. These deposits yield minor amounts of water from sand gind gravel lenses. Folding of the formations underlying the alluvium has resulted in the Fox Canyon aquifer being exposed along the edges of the basin, sind deeply buried in the middle. Ground water is confined in both the Fox -35- Canyon and Grimes Canyon aquifers except where they are exposed on the south slopes of the Oak Ridge and where they are folded in the Camarillo Hills. Sub- surface outflow is to the Oxnard Plain Basin. Conejo Basin. Conejo Basin differs from most of the other basins in Ventura County in that its boundaries coincide with the drainage divides . Geo- logic formations in the basins consist of alluvium and sedimentary and volcanic formations of Tertiary and older age. The alluviiim is shallow, except at Newbury Park and Thousand Oaks, where it attains a thickness of about 60 feet. Although the formations underlying the alluvial deposits are folded and faulted, the geo- logic structure appears to have little effect on the occurrence and movement of ground water. Ground water is contained in the alluvium, in fractures and weathered portions of volcanic rocks and Modelo shales, and in pervious zones of the Modelo sandstones and Topanga formations . Tierra Rejada Basin. This basin is underlain by water-bearing vol- canic rocks about 2,000 feet thick. These rocks underlie the entire basin with the exception of a small area underlain by sedimentary formations of Tertiary age. Most of the water in the basin occurs as unconfined water in highly fractured volcanic rocks . Ground water moves toward the west end of the basin where ?;ubsurface outflow to Seinta Rosa Basin is impeded by a north trending fault . Santa Rosa Basin. The Santa Rosa Basin is covered with Recent and Pleistocene alluvium consisting of sands, gravels, sind clays, ranging up to 200 feet in thickness. Underlying the alluvium is the San Pedro formation, which contains up to 200 feet of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. At the base -36- of this formation, in the western part of the basin, there is a sand and gravel bed which is about 100 feet thick and is probably the equivalent of the Fox Canyon member. On the south side of the basin the San Pedro formation is underlain by Tertiary volcanics. Some Tertiary sedimentary rocks also underlie and are adjacent to the basin. There is subsurface inflow from both Tierra Rejada and Cone jo Basins, but the magnitude of the inflow cannot be estimated because of insufficient data. Subsurface outflow through the San Pedro formation is westward into Pleasant Valley. Ground Water Basins, Malibu Creek System . Russell and Hidden Valleys comprise the principal areas in the Malibu Creek drainage area in Ventura County where ground water is extracted. In these basins ground water is derived primarily from alluvial deposits although some water is also extracted from volcanic rocks and the Topanga and Modelo formations. Nearly all formations have low storage capacity and low specific yield. -37- ■t» C 5 c »? o 0) SB SB «) >> d o ,2 S c d c +» c •»» J +» to +» 0> O d O w •H t1 C t, c • o > a +> "5 fe "-* S .5" s (O o C « 4* - M u ^ a o d (. 3 ^cg ^ 5 oto w > :s m :z o. O C >> 3 •u ^ § § b n o +" CQ s >.^ 4» ffl +» oca o o CO Dx > ,^5' +5 o +> •S s ' §2 & & §1 E& s s 1 s o 1 § • o § t •p c n ^ in ^ « »< :J e •<-) 3 • ^ 3 o o >H o c 8 • • cH r^ • t-i rH rH OS cu d n: o. * A a. •9 o +» +> tH CUP e -H 3 8«> fH l-t r-J DC CL. 4 i •& +> +» -H £ a ^ O ^H 3 i •&

» Vi -P XI «J C c m , a «- o > o w 3 S l! as r-t '^ +3 •_ 3 fe b i-f CO .-1 at. U X » c o> +» +» -rj -P 3 in fH O 3 T) ^^ a) V< rt I ^ 01 aS -H n S o 4» -P -rt Si ra > A Q r-l to •^ s o q: a. a) 3 § -39- i ft :p M O <>4 Vl o S. «> +:> § g g Ti a +> t- -o 5 3 3 coo .?§ &! g c-4 ^ b (B C •a -H §1 «.< O Vi c o -p ^ n 4» o e> s< 1-1 a +» «-t c O a ■H O iH -»> B U o d OCX) C (D •H +> C XI g 9 r! +• OJ T3 -rt ^ § " B o « S. t5 HO n fe b ^ o- a r^ t O c 1-1 u a. ^ 1% (D 1-1 £• ^ ^ g +» O

  • C t, k-^ § 5 9 g s e t, s +> g •o t. C3 S. C /> 1 *" cS § ^P! $5 0) -o O.S IP a> +» IH m 1-1 0) oi > > +> r-t 01 rH <1> d g ts: b 3 M -O ^ -P 4^ •rt C i. C 01 > Oi U » iH 3 e » >> O O 1-1 iH T3 1, Li >» Cll 1-1 C 1-1

    > Id « r-( m i-t iH a) > d ^ J3 •rl e. CO -i+0. CHAPTER III. WATEE 'UTILIZATION '■<'■■. In Vent\jrE Countyj water is utilized for many beneficial uses, in- cluding irrigated agriculture, urban, recreational, and preservation and propagation of fish and wildlife. In addition, water is consumptively used by native vegetation, lost by evaporation from surface water bodies and impervious areas, and utilized as a vehicle for the disposal of wastes. Irrigation Use At the present time the greatest use of applied water in Ventura County is for the irrigation of crops. Data presented in State Water Re- sources Board Bulletin Ko. 12 indicate that the annual use in agri- culture is approximately l60,000 acre-feet of water. The principal crops are citrus, avocados, beans, nuts, truck, and alfalfa. Minor crops include deciduous fruit, sugsir beets, and irrigated pasture. Forecasts of the ulti- mate land use pattern in Ventura County indicate that the acreage devoted to irrigated agriculture will probably increase gradually for the next 10 or 15 years when water requirements will approximate 186,000 acre-feet annually. After that time, it is estimated that agricultural acreages will decrease and agricultural water requirements will decrease to roughly one-half of present values or approximately 8o,000 acre-feet annually. Urban Use The urban uses of water include domestic, municipal, and indus- trial. Utilization of water for domestic and municipal purposes includes requirements for single family, rural, and multiple residences; stores. .1+1- hotels, motels, laundries, and ether oormnercial establioliments; schools, public buildings, and fire ^jrotection. Industrial uses of water are primarily repre- sented by fruit, nut, and vegetable processing, and petroleum production and refining. Data presented in State Vfater Resources Board Biilletin No. 12^ ' indicate that the present utilization of v/ater for urban uses in Ventura County exceeds 2C,000 acre-feet per year. Under ultimate conditions, it is estimated that use of water for urban purposes will increase more than ten-fold and probably exceed 300,000 acre-feet per year. Eecrc -. at 1 onal U s e Fishing, swimming, boati?ig, and aesthetic enjoyment are the princi- pal recreational uses of surface waters in Ventura GoLinty. Areas of fishing include the Pacific Ocear.', Matilija and Piru Lakes and the upper reaches of such streains as Sespe and Piru Creek^j. Beaches are utilized for swimming and bathing. Several resort areas and camping grounds in Ventura Co'onty have private swimming pools. Boating is confined almost entirely to the Pacific Ocean, Lake Sheri'.'-ood, and Pin.i Lake. Fish and W ildlife The surface waters of Ventura County are extensively utilized for the preser^/ation and propagation of fish and wildlife. Surface waters of major and minor streams are necessary to maintain animal and bird life. The California State Department of Fish and Game maintains a fish hatchery at Fillmore which obtains its water supply by pumping from Piru Basin. Many of the creeks and lakes in Ventura are regularly stocked with trout. These include eight of the larger streams and Piru, Matilija and Rose Valley • k2- Lakes. In the Pacific Ocean both surf and deep-sea fishing are impor- tant recreational and conmercial activities . Waste Disposal In a semiarid area, such as Ventura County, multiple use generally must be made of available water resources. Conflicts will often develop where pressure for minimizing the cost of treating sevr- age and industrial waste is opposed to the preservation of water quality for beneficial uses, such as for domestic and industrial vmter supply, irrigation, maintenance and enhancement of fish and wildlife, and recreation. Proper administration and utilization of available water resources for waste disposal involves reconciliation, so far as possible, of these essential, but inherently competitive uses of water . All of these uses must be considered legitim8.te and their relative importance to the economy of the state and county must be evaluated. Whenever a conflict arises, considered analysis of the situation v/ill be required in order to establish priorities of use and set waste discharge requirements. The best interests of the State will be served through efforts to achieve a balanced agricul- tural, urban, and industrial economy. This necessarily implies the balanced use of available water resources for the many purposes de- manded . The control of pollution of water supplies must be fully integrated and coordinated vfith the other aspects of water develop- ment and use. The keynote to a successful and efficient pollution -h3- control 'oi'OKram ir, prevention. Kxpcrience in control activities has shov.'n that prevention is better and cheaoer than abatement. The administration of waste ' disposal activities should j^rovide for the maintenance of the highest practicable level of water quality. There must be no possibility of deterioration of water quality to a degree which precludes use of the available waters for necessary purposes, present or potential. The various types of wastes disposed to the waters of Ventura County, together with their effects upon such waters , are ?1 Lscussed in greater detail in Chapter VI, "V/ater Quality Problems". -hk' CHAPTER IV. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA Ventura County is primarily an agricultural area, with citrias and truck crops constituting the major segment of the economy. These crops, particularly citrus, require good quality water supplies to sustain vigorous growth and maintain high production. V/ater of this quality is available, as evidenced by the high crop yields obtained. However, mineral analyses indicate that poor quality waters may be found in certain of the rivers and creeks during periods of low flow. Ground waters derived from certain of the geologic formations also are of inferior quality. Further, recent de- pression of piezometric levels in the coastal plain to below sea level has permitted sea-water intrusion into the Oxnard Plain Basin. Dissolved Constituents in Ground and Surface Waters Precipitation, as it reaches the earth, normally contains few dissolved solids, although it may contain carbon dioxide and oxygen. These waters, in their passage to the sea, either on the surface or through the ground, dissolve minerals from the materials and rocks with which they come in contact. The amount and type of minerals dissolved reflect the composition of the material with which the water comes in contact and the hydrologic conditions governing the rate of movement of the water. In addition, salts, and other pollutants may be added to vrater by industrial waste, sewage, and irrigation return wastes. The significance as regards source and effect on usefulness of water, of each of the principal con- stituents normally found in water is discussed in the following paragraphs. ■1^5- Calcium (Ca) Calcium is dissolved from practically all rocks, the highest concen- trations usually being found in waters which have been in contact with lime- stone, dolomite, and gypsum. Irrigation waters containing a large percentage of this constituent, with respect to other bases, are desirable, as a calcium saturated soil is permeable and easily worked. The presence of calcium in domestic and industrial water supplies, however, results in a hard water. Calcium is largely responsible for the formation of scale in boilers and water pipes . Its reaction with stearates in soao products prevents lathering and produces a gray scum commonly called "bath tub ring" . Magnesium (Mg) Magnesium is dissolved primarily from volcanic and dolomitic rocks, although large amounts may also originate from the leachings of weathered soils and from marine deposits. Magnesium reacts with soil in much the same manner as calcium and its effects in regard to hardness are similar to those of calcium. For domestic use, the upper limit of concentration is usually maintained somewhat less than 200 parts per million as concentrations aoove this level may cause taste proolems. High magnesium concentrations, when associated with high sulfate content, may cause drinking water to have a laxative effect. Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K ) Sodium and potassium are dissolved from practically all rocks. -1+6- Fresh water supplies having very low concentrations of dissolved solids usually contain as much potassium as sodium. However, as these and other constituents increase in concentration, the relative proportion of sodiiom generally becomes much larger. Moderate quantities of sodiiAm and potassivm have little effect on the usefulness of water. For industrial purposes, waters containing more than 50 to 100 parts per million of a combination of these two elements may require careful operation of steam boilers to prevent foeiming. Its presence in water, in combination with carbonate, promotes corrosion in boiler tubes, condensate lines, and hot water systems. For irrigation use, waters having a high per cent sodium, Na X 100 (constituents expressed in epm), will, as a result of (Na+K+Ca+Mg) cation exchange, cause dispersion of the soil, reducing its perme- ability and tilth. Carbonate (CO^) and Bicarbonate (HCOo) These two constituents are derived principally from dolomite, limestone and other rock minerals. They are closely related and comparative concentrations may change with variations in the pH. In California the bicarbonate constituent is normally the predominant acid radical in both surface and ground waters. ■47- Sulfate (SO^^) m Sulfate is dissolved from many types of rocks and soils. It is derived in large quantities from gyriGiferous deposits and frorn shale deposits of marine origin. Its presence is particularly significant in waters that contain large amounts of calcium and magnesium, as its combination with these two constituents iray cause deposits of hard scale in water pipes, hot water heaters, and boilers. For irrigation use, when sulfate is combined with magnesiumi and sodium, in the absence of sufficient calcium to precipitate sulfate from the soil solution, it may reach concentrations sxifficient to become injurious to olants . For domestic use, when concentrations in excess of ^00 parts per million of sulfate are combined v/ith magnesium and/or sodium, there is a notice- able laxative effect. This condition reflects the probable unsuitability of high sulfate vraters for domestic use. Chloride (Cl) Chloride, present in nearly all waters, is dissolved originally from rocks and natural salt deposits . Sewage and some industrial v/astes are also rather heavily charged with this constituent. Large amounts of chloride in water render it unsatisfactory for drinking purposes and for use in processing food beverages. Chloride may be especially harmful in water intended for irrigation use as it may cause subnoi-raal growing rates and burning of leave.s. Nitrate (NO ) Ritratc, when occurring in ground water in quantities exceeding a :Ve\i parts per million, is usually dissolved from evaporates, such as dry salt ■ kQ. bedo, or originates froin soil percolate charged v/ith fertilizer loBses and the tay-products of organic decomoosition. In rare instances nitrate may oe derived I'rom raaf^atic sourceu . Nitrate is of particular significance from the standpoint of public health. Methemoglobinemia (cyanosis) among infants, in many cases, appears to have been due to concentrations of nitrate generally exceeding 10 parts per million as nitrogen {hk ppm as NO,) in the household vater supplies. P'or industrial uses it has been reported that about 2 parts per million of nitrate in ooiler feed water tends to decrease intercrystalline cracking in boiler steel . Boron (b) In nature, ooron is never found in the uncombined or elemental state. It occurs in the form of boric acid or, more commonly, as borcitc, especially in regions that are or have been volcanic. It is not a rare element and is widely distributed. The known boron deposits in the United (12) fjtates are located principally in the semiarid regions of the west Boron, as an ingredient in washing compounds and cleansers, is widely used both in the home and industry. Its concentration in v;ater is important to agriculture for two reasons; first, it is essential in very small amounts to the growth of many, but not all, plants and, second, it is extremely toxic to a large nuraoer of plants if present in soil solu- tions in concentrations exceeding a few parts per million. Total Hardness Hardness is caused principally by compounds of calcium and .h9- magnesium, although other substances such as iron manganese, aluminum, bari\im, silica, strontium, and free hydrogen contribute to the total effect. Hardness in water is primarily an economic problem. Its presence requires an increased use of soap, which it coagulates to form an insoluble precipitate, and it forms scale which tends to reduce the efficiency of boilers and plimbing systems. It is usually considered that soft water (100 parts per million or less as CaCOo) will not interfere with the use of water for most purposes, although lower concen- trations may be required for use in high pressure steam boilers and for some industrial processes. Water considered moderately hard (101 to 200 parts per million as CaCOo) may in the upper ranges require softening for laundry and indus- trial use. Very hard waters (exceeding 200 parts per million as CaCO-,) usually require some softening prior to \ise for most domestic or industrial purposes. Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) The acidic or alkaline nature of water is given in terms of pH, a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. pH, which denotes the "hydrogen ion exponent" is the logarithm to the base of 10 of (h), the negative sign being omitted. A neutral solution has a pH of 7-0. As pH decreases the acidity increases and pH increases as the liquid becomes more alkaline. The pH of most water is between 6 and 9- The hydrogen ion is a potential pollutant because of its corrosive action. In addition, it is related in various ways to other pollutemts. It increases the toxicity of such weaikly acidic substances as cyanide and it dissolves other pollutants from substances with which it comes in contact. In nature its effect is limited by the presence of buffering substances. -50- 1 principally b] carbonates . Itiese have a partially neutralizing; effect on added acid so that the hydrogen ion concentration is less than it would have been in the absence of the buffer. Similarly, a buffer will increase the hydrogen ion concentration of an added base. Fluoride (iQ Fluoride is obtained chiefly f roii fluorspar and cryolite rocks . It is reported that this constituent may be found in the above-named rocks in concentrations similar to that of chloride; however, owing to their origin in only certain types of rocks, high concentrations of fluoride are not com- mon to surface waters but may occur in detrimental concentrations in ground vraters . Fluoride is reported to be toxic tc humans in concentra- tions as low as 180 'arts per million ^^), However, there is considerable information 00 indicate that waters containing this constituent in excess of 2 to 3 parts per million may cause mottling on teeth of grovring children, particularly, between the ages of 8 and 12. Many dental authorities main- tain fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.8 to I.5 parts per million in drinking water is of considerable aid in the prevention of dental caries . Fluoridation of water supplies to bring the fluoride content within this range is increasingly nracticed- Salts of Heavy Metals Included in this group are salts of lead, arsenic, hexavalent chromium, selenixjm, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese. All of these metals in small concentrations may be detrimental to human health, livestock, or -51 otherwise be objectionable in the water supply. Certain of these salts, such as lead and arsenic, apparently are toxic to humans in concentrations as low as 0.1 to 0,2 parts per million. Other of the constituents such as copper and zinc will impart an astringent taste to water in concentrations of very few parts oer million. Iron and manganese have staining properties at low concentrations and for this reason they are objectionable in waters to be used for domestic and laundry pur- poses . Tot al Dissolved Solids (TDS) The concentration of total dissolved solids furnishes an indication of the overall mineral quality of a water and as such serves as a valuable criLerion for determining the suitability of a water for beneficial use. Tn general, the total dissolved solids concentration is determined by evapo- ration. In certain of the analyses presented in Appendixes A and B, the total dissolved solids is reported as the arithmetic surn of the parts oer million of all the constituents with the exception of oicarbonate, which is included as equivalent carbonate. Criteria established for dissolved solids for irrigation use are generally given in the form of electrical conductance or conductivity (EC X 10 at 25° C). Conductivity is a physical property of water which depends, to a great extent, upon the quemtity of salts in solution. For most waters if the conductance is multiplied by 0.7, a value approximating that of the total dissolved solids is obtained. l-Yirther, dividing the con- ductivity by 100 will give an approximate value of the total anions or cations in equivalent parts per million (epm). •52- Physical Properties of l-^ater In addition to dissolved mineral constituents, there are certain physical properties of water which must be considered in determining its suitability for beneficial uses. Included among these are dissolved oxygen, color, turbidity, odor, and taste. Dissolved Oxygen (PO) The presence or absence of dissolved oxygen in water is of special significance when dealing with surface waters as it is important to natural purification processes. Natural surface waters of a satisfactory quality should oe saturated, or nearly so, with dissolved oxygen (7 to lU parts per million depending upon the temperature). A consistant deficiency in this constituent is an indicator of organic pollution, In the absence of sufficient quantities of dissolved oxygen, anaerobic bacteria attack organic po] ].ution in the stream and result in the evolution of -foul -smelling gases. Color In water analyses, the term colbr refers to the appearance of a water that is free from suspended solids . Color may be due to mineral or organic matter in solution, in suspension, or as a colloid. Its presence is undesirable for domestic and industrial purposes as it may stain laun- dry, food, or other materials with which it comes in contact . Color may be objectionable in waters used for recreational purposes. -53- Turbidity Turbidity is a measure of the suspended and colloidal raatter in water. It is generally composed of fine pb.rticles of sand and/ or clay which are not particularly detrimental to the potability of the water or to most uses. Tur- bidity in surface water may be removed by chemical coagulation, sedimentation, or filtration. Its particular aignificance i:: geiierLlly in connection with the spreading of surface waters containing quantities of suspended and col- loidal material which tend to clog spreading basins, and thus, reduce infil- tration rates. Turbidity is objectionable in waters utilized primarily for recreational piorposes. Odor and Taste Odors and tastes in water may result from any one or a combination of micro-organisms, living or dead; dissolved gases such as hydrogen sulfide, marsh gas, carbon dioxide or oxygen combined with organic matter; mineral substances such as chloride, iron, carbonates, and sulfates; and phenols or other tarry or oily wastes, especially after chlorination. Some tastes such as those Imparted by oxygen and carbon dioxide are pleasant. Most of the other substances mentioned have a disagreeable taste. The odor of a water is dependent to some extent upon its temperature, and the heated odor may be different from the cold odor. IThile standard methods of analysis of the ("19) United States Public Health Service^ include a quantitative method for the determination of odor, the application of the method depends to a great extent upon the skill and the experience of the analyst. There is no known method for analyzing for taste. .3k- V.'ater Quality Requirements As stated in Chapter III, the waters of Ventura County are u;:cd nrincipally for domestic, municipal, and irrigation purposes with lesser amounts utilised for industrial and recreational purposes. Suitability of uiese waters for each of these uses dooends in part upon the amount and l\ind of minerals dissolved therein. Water quality criteria for the above beneficial uses are discussed in the followin,?, r .aran;ranhs , in order that the reader may better interpret the analyses and evaluate the suitability of a particular water for a specific purpose. Doiriestic and i'iunicipal Use V/ater that is to be used for drinking and culinary niirooses should oe clean, colorless, odorless, pleasant to the taste, free frora toxic salts, and should not contain an excessive amount of dissolved mineral solids. Frooably the most widely used criteria in deterraining the suitability of a water for this use are the "United f^tates Public Health Service Drinking V.'ater Standards, I9U6'' . Limits for mineral constituents in water are divided into mandatory requirements and recommended criteria. The mandatory lirdts ere as f ollown : Lead (Pfc) 0.1 ppm Fluoride (F) 1.5 Ppi" Arsenic (As) O.O5 ppm 3elenii:uii (3e) 0.05 ppn Hexavalent chromium C.05 ppm -55- 3.0 ppra ^o ppm 125 ppm 15 ppm 250 ppn 250 ppm Kormiaiidatory, but reconiraeuded; limits are as follows: CoPi^er (Cu) Iron (Fe) and Manganese (ifo) together Magnesium (Mg) Zinc (Zn) 15 Ppm '^ Chloride (Cl) Sulfate (SOij.) Phenolic compounds in terms of phenol O.ooi ppm Total solids 500 p^.ui (lOOO permitted) The California State Board of Public Health has defined the maxiir.um safe araounts of fluoride ion in drinliing water in relation to mean annual temperature . Mean Annual Temperature Mean I4onthly Fluoride ion concentration 50" F 1.5 PPa 60° F 1.0 ppm 70° F - above 0.7 Ppra Irrigation Criteria for the determination of the suitability of waters for irrigation use are usually based upon four factors. These are electrical conductivity (ECxlO at 25° C), chloride concentration, boron concentration, and percentage sodium. Dr. L. D. Dcneen of the University of California has proposed criteria based on these four factors as follows: "Because of diverse cliraatological conditions, crops, and soils in California it has not been practical to establish rigid limits for all conditions . Instead, field experience has indicated the classification should be used for the purpose of orientation and as a guide and that local conditions must be considered in judging the suitability of water for irrigation. "Class 1- -Excellent to Good. Regarded as safe and suitable for most plants under any condition of soil or climate. "Class 2--Good to Injurious. Regarded as possibly harniful for certain Gro_^E under certain conditions of soil or climate, parti- ciilarly in the higher ranges of this class. "Class ^--Injurious to Unsatisfactory . Regarded as probably harnful to most crops and unsatisfactory for all but the most tolerant. "Tentative standards for irrigation waters have taken into account four factors or constituents as listed below: -56- Factor Conductance (ECxlO° at 25°C) Chloride, epm Per cent sodium Boron, ppm Class 1 Excellent To Good Less than 1,000 Less than 5 Less than 6o Less than . 5 Class 2 Good to Injurious 1,000-3,000 5-10 60-75 0.5-2.0 Class 3 Injurious to Unsatisfactory More than 3,000 More than 10 More than 75 More than 2.0 (End of quotation) Actual practice in Ventura County indicates that waters rated as Class 2 or Class 3> particularly in regard to conductance, are successfully utilized to irrigate citrus, a relatively sensitive plant. Accordingly, a method of evaluating the effective salinity of irrigation water, together with standards based on the evaluation, is presented in Appendix F. The tentative classification of irrigation waters in Ventura County established as a result of field surveys in Ventura County is as follows: Effective salinity in milliequivalepts Soil Conditions Little or no leaching of the soil may be expected Some leaching but restricted Deep percolation or slow drainage Open soils. Deep percolation of water easily accomplished Class 1 Less than 3 Class 2 3-5 Class 3 More than 5 Less than 5 5-10 More than 10 Less than 7 7-15 More than 15 It should be emphasized that the criteria based upon effective salinity are a substitute for the previously discussed criteria based upon the electrical conductance of water supplies. Review of the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Survey •57- (20) of Ventura County indicates that more than 75 per cent of the irrigable lands in this county may be classified as open soils. For this reason water quality criteria for open soils will obtain throughout this report unless otherwise stated. Industrial Use Allowable concentrations of dissolved minerals in vrater to be utilized by laundries, textile manufacturing plants, and various other in- dustries are presented in Table ^i, entitled "V/ater Quality Tolerances for Various Industrial Urses", The values presented in this table are suggested in the Progress Report of the Committee on Quality Tolerances of Water for Industrial Uses, Journal New England Water Works Association, Volume ^h, 19^0. These limits are tentative and serve only as a guide in evaluating the suitability of water for certain industrial uses. The concentrations listed are those beyond which treatment of the water is generally necessary. Specifications suggested by the above-named committee for boiler waters are more exacting and a separate list of allowable concentrations for that use is presented in Table 5 entitled "Suggested Water Quality Tolerances for Boiler Feed V/ater". -55- a c ^a Kl B OO (H iH •H E «-) rH Si?! P « M^S +» » • iH OO ■NO. i 3 >> 60 3 c S :§ ^ ^^ r-i O 00 >-a >J >:} g g O 73 Id tt 0) t; +> -p IH 3 d d 1-1 (-( do d d d CM l^ CM CM CM do d o o liNiH O 000 04 CM d d O CM iH O U>CM iHiH 00 00 CM ITS CM CM 04 00000 O CM rt .-too O CM o d inuN CM CM o d O CM rH O 3 T3 l-l J Pi (Ho * ' Tl ^ „ =* _ f« rH 3 -^ 0< CO O s) O 13 U< O rH T3 Oi « O ^ -O 0) =.t,T3 > tic t.+> a o c XI 3 w £ © I-! oj g +> I 00 ^ O 3 ti 0! £ ^ +>Ot.Oa)'OtlOrH CO B S >< (< <^ 'H 0) 3 0.C3 M W K I § 'tl^ _ --^ c o O CM O -H O rH Ed TK -H » a) iH o +» Is > o« -> TABLE 5 SUGGESTED WATER QUALITY TOLERANCES FOR BOILER FEED WATER (Allowable limits in parts per million) (a) Pressure (lb. per sq. in.) 0-150 150-250 250-UoO Over iiOO Turbidity Color Oxycen consumed / x Dissolved oxygen Hydrogen sulfide (Hps) ' Total hardness as CaCO Sulfate-carbonate ratio ( A . S .M . E . ) (KapSO)^ : Nag CC^ ) Aluminum oxide .Silica (oiOg) Bicarbonate (HCO ) Carbonate (CO. ) ^ Hydroxide (OHJ Total Solids ('^^ pH value (minimum) (AI2O3) 20 10 5 1 80 ko 5 2 15 10 h 3 l,k .Ik .0 .0 5 3 80 iiO 10 2 1:1 2:1 3:1 3^1 5 •5 .5 .1 ko 20 5 1 50 30 5 200 100 ko 20 50 ko 30 15 ,000-500 2,500 -500 1 500- •100 50 8.0 8.ii 9-0 9.6 (a) (b) (c) (d) Moore, E. E., Progress report of the Committee on Quality Tolerances of Water for Industrial Uses : Jour . New England Water V/orks Assoc, Vol. 5^, page 263, 19^40 . Limits applicable only to feed water entering boiler, not to original water supply. Except when uaor in live steam would be objectionable. Depends on design of boiler. -60- CHAPTER V. WATER QUALITY This chapter discusses the quality of the grovind and surface waters in Ventura County. It also includes a discussion of the prospective quality of imported supplemental supplies which may be made available to Ventura County in the future. Based upon complete ajid partial mineral analyses, the character and quality of surface waters and the variation of quality with changes in flow is derived. The character and quality of ground waters, in- cluding changes which have occurred in the interval between this investigation and the investigation reported in Bulletin No. U6 , is also discussed. Sources and Character of Data Basic data used to evaluate the quality of water in Ventura, County include complete and partial mineral analyses of samples collected from wells and streams during the period 1951 to I958 in the Department of Water Resources ' monitoring programs, historical data from Bulletin No. k6A of the Division of Water Resources, and data from files of Fruit Growers Laboratory and of the Ventura County Farm Advisor. Analyses of samples collected from wells in the vicinity of Port Hueneme in 195^, and related data obtained by the Division of Water Resources in a study conducted for Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No.U) have also been utilized. A total of 2,750 complete and 2,279 partial analyses, exclusive of those published in Bulletin , . (2) No. 4-6A have been used in studies made for this report. The complete and partial analyses of surface waters are presented in Appendixes A and G, analyses of ground water are presented in Appendixes B and H, analyses of heavy metals and trace constituents determined for about 3^+6 samples are presented -61- in Appendix B, Tables B-l? and H-l? and partial analyses of selected wells of long record are presented in Appendix C. Analyses presented in Biilletin Wo. h6A have not been reproduced in this report. Complete mineral analyses reported in this bulletin include the de- termination of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, boron, total dissolved solids, electrical conductance (EC x 10 at 25° C), pH, per cent sodium, and effective salinity. Partial mineral analyses include determination of chloride, bicarbonate, pH, and electrical conductance. In some instances, the boron determination was included in the partial mineral analysis. Analysis for trace constituents in- cluded the determination of iron, aluminum, manganese, chromium, zinc, copper, lead, silica, and arsenic. In some instances determinations were also made for strontium, barium, nickel, silver, tin, molybdenum, and vanadium. Concentrations of the principal constituents in a complete mineral analysis are reported in Appendixes A and B in both parts per million (ppm), a weight basis, and equivalents per million (epm), a chemical equivalent basis. Exceptions are boron, fluoride, and total dissolved solids, which are reported in ppm only. To convert equivalents per million to parts per million the concentration in equivalents per million should be multiplied by the equiva- lent weight of the ion. To convert parts per million to equivalents per million the concentration in parts per million should be divided by the eqiiivalent weight of the ion. Equivalent weights of the principal constit- uents found in water supplies are presented in the following tabulation: -62- Equivalent E'luivalent Cation vreight 20.0 /\nion Carbonate vreight Calcium 30.0 Magnesi\OT 12.2 Bicarbonate 61.0 Sodium 23.0 Chloride 35.5 Potassium 39.1 Sulfate i+8.0 Nitrate 62.0 In the following discussion the terras used to describe the chemical character of water are specific . For example, a sodium type water is a water in which the sodium is equal to or greater than 50 per cent of the cations (usually includes sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) . A sodium- calcium water is a water in which sodium is more abundant than calcium but is less than 50 per cent of the total cations. A chloride water is a water in which the chloride is equal to or greater than 50 per cent of the anions (usually includes carbonates, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate) . The chemical character of a water may be depicted graphically using (15) a geocheraical chart such as that shown on Plate 11. By utilization of this chart, it is possible to compare the character of two or more waters. If two waters of different character are mixed it is logical to presume that the character of the resulting mixture will be a combination of the characters of the two waters. Utilizing this principle it is possible, using a geo- cheraical chart, to determine graphically which of various sources of supply are affecting a water body and, more specifically, which of several sources of def^radation are causing deterioration. Quality of Surface Water The quality and character of surface waters in Ventura County- are extremely variable, both areally and with quantity of flow. In general. -63- the quality of the surface water fluctuates inversely with flow as illustrated on Plate 9^entitled "Relationship Between Discharge and Total Dissolved Solids Concentration in Santa Clara River", and Plate 10, entitled "Relationship Be- tween Discharge and Total Dissolved Solids Concentration in Tributaries of Santa Clara River". This is because low flows are generally derived from effluent ground water, which has a greater opportunity to dissolve salts than has rapid runoff from rainfall . Analyses may also indicate fluctuations in quality at similar flows. For example, samples collected during the early oart of the rainy season gen- erally contain /greater salt concentration than samples collected at an idcnticc] flow in the latter part of the season, and a sample collected during the rising stage of a flood may contain greater salt concentrations than a sample collected at the saine flow during the falling stage. Thus, the quality of surface water varies with discharge and time with respect to ooth season and flood crest. In the following paragraphs the character and quality of the surface waters are described for each of the stream systems in Ventura County, Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers, and Calleguas and Malibu Creeks. The locations of surface sampling points are delineated on Plates 7A, B, and C, entitled "Loca- tion of Surface and Drainage VJater Sampling Stations", An explanation of the numbering system used is given in Appendix A. Ventura River System. Water of good quality for domestic, municipal, industrial, and irrigation uses is found in the Ventura River above Foster Park, during periods of high flow, generally reflecting the quality of the principal tributaries above this point, namely. Coyote, San Antonio, and Matilija Creeks- However, -6k. during periods of low flow, these waters may contain concentrations of certain constituents which render them marginal for irrigation use. This is indicated by the data presented in Table 6, entitled "Summary of Character and Quality of Surface Flow in Ventura River System". -65- ss -rt u (-4 ^8 § o c O rH r-l O «H <^ >'^ +> ■P-K i?. -c > •H l4 M W O (-1 o -H 1-i iH I) -H to £ 5- P > > «4 > >> O O 0^+5* r-t rH +> -H «-. «H a -8 5 9 tl O C »-i 1-1 a 44 oi ■rf r-1 3 o a X 1 -9 1 § T3 O ax g « 6 a +3 (B aj o > -4 rH +> rH X o w c g g -r! t-t iH c 3 43 O. W) O ■H X 1-1 B-« U a C 3 u < e a. c c O Li HP ^ 4 § w c § ID L, +> OT tv CO ?2- R n\ C.4 »r\ CM rv -■I- o iH Tt r-< o O r> 4 c^ o l-t A iH o o c o o i-« o O ?3|5i Sl^ S|?3 SIS %\S "IS 5tK sjR 51?^ ^ sis> yq3> C^i-D OOLd- rNiO OIlTk pl<-) OSSr^ Cyi^ r-lpH J-tl- lf>tf j|t^ C^C^ ■=l"H °32> COM" » <^pi <^'«^ C^CX SjcM ^(S\ U'<»r\ tfNJSl ti>|S -66- The character of the waters flowing in the Ventura River above Foster Park generally reflects the character of the three principal tributaries, as may be observed from the data presented in Table 6. However, the data are insufficient to correlate in detail the effect of any one of the tributaries on the parent stream. The predominant cation is calcium at both high and low flows in nearly all cases, while the anion character is principally sulfate- bicarbonate. Because of the predominantly calcium character of the flow in this river, and high concentrations of dissolved salts, the waters are gen- erally very hard. Mineral analyses of samples collected during periods of low flow in Matilija Creek, at a point below the dam, show boron concentrations ex- ceeding 2.0 ppm prior to December, 1951> when the reservoir filled and spilled for the first time. After that date, boron concentrations in samples collected below the dam have varied from 0.1 to 1.0 ppm. Source of this boron is believed to be water from two springs seeping from Cretaceous deposits located in an upstream portion of the watershed. Data were presented in Bulletin No. U6 to show that Wheeler Springs affect the boron concentration in the flow in the North Fork of Matilija Creek. Although data collected during this investigation at station 42-15.6a-0.7 does not seem to confirm this effect, the samples were collected during periods of relatively high flow and it is probable that the effect of flow from Wheeler Springs is masked by runoff from rain- fall on the watershed tributary to the station. Data presented in Table 6 suggest the flow in Canada Larga at station U2-^. 5-0.2 to be Class 2 for irrigation use during periods of high flow and Class 3 during periods of low flow because of the excessive -67- dissolved solids and high effective salinity. By inspection of Table Al of Appendix A it may be seen that tributaries to Canada Larga, namely, Cash, Sulphur Canyon, and Lion Canyon Creeks, also discharge Dcor quality waters which are calcium-sodiura sulfate in character. Origin of these poor quality waters is probably geologic, since the surface watershed tributary to these streams consists primarily of Pico and Santa Barbara formations , It is known that gypsum crystals (Calcium sulfate) eire commonly found in these deposits. The effect of streams such as Canada Larga which are tributary to the Ventura Hiver belovf Foster Park is evidenced by the data presented in Table 6 for the Ventura River at station 42 -0. 7- These data indicate that even the higher flows at this station exhibit effective salinities of suf f j - cient magnitude to classify the waters as marginal for irrigation use. An additional effect of discharges to the Ventura River by tributaries below- Foster Park is an increase in the percentage of sulfate between stations 42-5.9 and 42-0,7- Rincon Creek and those small stream.s discharging to the Pacific Ocean between Rincon Creek and the Ventura River have been included in the Ventura River system. There is a oaucity of data with which to evaluate the quality of the surface flov; in these streams. However, available analyses presented in Table Al of Appendix A suggest that waters of Rincon Creek are of good quality at flows exceeding one second -foot. At flows below this value, however, the quality appears to depreciate rapidly. V/aters in J^os Sauces Creek are of very poor quality, at least during periods of low flow. Hall Canyon Creek, also included within the Ventura River system, discharr;es to the Pacific Ocean between the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers . The analyses of the waters of th J s creek, nresented in Appendix A, reveal -60. them to be of poor quality, with excessive chloride and boron concentrations. As described in Chapter VI, this creek has a history of pollution by oil brine discharges, which generally contain high concentrations of these con- stituents. It is considered that the available analyses reflect, to some degree at least, the effect of the brine discharges and not the native quality of Hall Canyon Creek. Santa Clara River System During periods of relatively high flow, the waters of the Seinta Clara River and its tributaries are of good quality and suitable for domestic, municipal, industrial, and irrigation uses. However, during periods of low flow, certain of the streams exhibit characteristics which reduce the quality for irrigation purposes to Class 2 or Class 3 and impair suitability for prevailing uses. In general, the character of both high and low flow waters is calcium to calci\im-sodium sulfate and the parent stream generally re- flects the character and quality of its tributaries. However, data are insufficient to correlate, in any detail, the effect of any one tributary on the Santa Clara River. Because of the predominantly calcium character, many of the surface waters are very hard. All available analyses of sixr- face waters flowing in the Santa Clara River and its tributaries are pre- sented in Appendix A, Tfebles A2 and G2. Data for certain stations is given in Table 7, entitled "Summary of Character and Quality of Surface Flow in Santa Clara River System" . Locations of sampling points are shown on Plate 7B. •^- 1 « 1 tt (. S s ^ c ? 6 »H O r-t p-i o g;^*^ «^ p ? Si-g, § ■H o! -rf ^ iH r-( C S. J3 0) •rt t. df V. -H ^ ? >, 8 g O 4h 4? i-J rS ■H •H _ <^ *-l ( O a e s s rH 1 ^ a 1 1 1 O -rt ■3 C tH •O «x " E^ 1^ ^°"|J c2 o > j=5 +» O c o O •H :-l ^ s «-■ c ^ S ^ o •rl 0) +» •H s a 2 * 8 g s e> Vi i-t c^ o +> o ^ <« o « ^t •g § s ^ o o 21 (H .. .. t. ^ > ri ■a; 5 c o b ■H e 4» J3 0) g M C § «> 4j M ^U ^U "r -^p ''1^ -^1 Aj. ^^ IT O ^S vot^ Vfifc 2Ht ir>oo vol'^ ^'^ "-• g r T I II CTN 1>^ (H[C*^ rH CO J^ ON r^!t^ ONJC^. « CO ■ I ■ c5|4c\ fvli-i (T^o '^[t> "Y^ "Y° <=o|a\ 51:^^ ^ €jj? c!i? s^ ^|i§ SIS? OliTv volc^ <^ir\ crJO t-J n^ J^ SIS S1?^ S1?^ S^ tSc<^ vo|?^ Lfjcc J-|£i oolo t--Jo CSijCvi Cm|cM CN|!^ CV)(H t^^|«>^ CMJC^ HS CSj?? J1^ ^1^ -TO- The quality of the surface waters entering the county in the Canta Clara River is represented by analyses of samples collected at station ^3-37' 5- These waters, which typically contain high percentages of sulfate, range from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation use even during periods of high flow. They may contain dissolved solids concentrations ranging as high as 1000 ppm. However, boron concentrations are generally within limits for use on even the most sensitive crops. During periods of low flow the quality of waters at this station ranges from Class 2 to Class 3 for irrigation purposes with ef- fective salinities reaching 30 epm, total dissolved solids sometimes exceed- ing 3000 ppm, and boron conceutrations often greater than 1.0 ppm. Piru Creek, a major tributary to the Santa Clara River, is gener- ally a calcium-magnesium sulfate water of only moderate salinity, even during periods of lov; flow. However, with the exception of periods of flood flow, waters of this stream contain boron concentrations of such magnitude as to render them unsuitable for irrigation use on the more sensitive crops. Analyses indicate that flows as large as 200 or more second-feet must be reached before boron concentrations consistently become less than 1 ppm. Source of this boron appears to be, in part, Seymour and Lockwood Creeks which drain Lockwood Valley. Bulletin No. 46 reports that along the north side of this valley there are boron minerals, chiefly colemanite, which on weathering yield boron salts . Analyses of waters derived from springs in this area indicate boron concentrations as high as 32 ppm. Previous studies further suggest that not all of the boron in Piru Creek is derived from Lockwood Valley, since waters from Agua Blanca Creek and other minor streams in that vicinity contain relatively high concentrations of this constituent. Sespe Creek, another major trioutary of the Santa Clara River, -71- discharges waters containing a relatively low total dissolved solids concen- tration even during periods of low flow. However, during periods of low flow, boron concentrations are high. Analyses of samples collected at times when flows were less than about 30 second-feet indicate concentrations of this con- stituent usually too high to be suitable for use on citrus, v;alnutG, and other boron sensitive crops. Inflow from Hot Springs Creek appears to be one of the wore important boron sources . Of interest concerning the character of waters of besoe Creek is the higher -lercertage of chloride found during periods of low flow. While the increased percentage of chloride is accompanied by an increase in chloride concentration the values are not of sufficient magnitude to render the waters unsuitable for beneficial uses. Source of the chloride ap'cars to oe, at least in part, the flov/ from Hot Springs Creek. Four ^ (2) analyses of this creek Mrescntcd In Bulletin No. hvA show relatively high concentrations of this constituent. Historically, oil brines have been dis- charged directly to Sespe Creek and to Tar Creek, a tributaryc V/hile there is no direct evidence of the effect of these brine discharges it seems probable that they have contrioutcd to the total amount of chloride in the waters of Sespe Creek. Hopper and Santa t'aula Creeks, important tributaries of the Santa C].ara River, generally discharge water of good quality during periods of high flow. During periods of low flow, Santa i-aula Creek generally luaintains good quality, but the waters of Hopper Creek become marginal or unsatisfactory for irrigation or domestic use. In addition to the creeks discussed above, there are many small streams dischnr/ji.ng into the Santa Clara River and its principal tributaries. On the basis of the scattered analyses ni-csented in 'I'able h2 of Appendix A, 72- these appear to have generally poor quality water during periods of low flow. These minor tributaries include Aliso Canyon, Wheeler Canyon, Adams, North Tapo Canyon, and Salt Creeks, all tributary to the Santa Clara River; Mud Creek, tributary to Santa Paula Creek; Little Sespe Creek, tributary to Sespe Creek; and Modelo Canyon and Holser Canyon Creeks, tributary to Piru Creek. Data presented in Table 7 for Santa Clara River at station U3-I7.O indicate the waters of the river at this point to be Class 2 for irrigation use during periods of both high and low flow. The highest flow for which analyses are available is 1500 second-feet. The analyses of samples col- lected at this station during periods of low flow probably represent the quality of rising water effluent of Fillmore Basin and entering Santa Paula Basin. Analyses of the Santa Clara River at station ^3-^' 5 generally represent the quality of waters which constitute the principal recharge waters for the Oxnard Forebay Basin, and consequently the Oxnard Plain Basin. Available data indicate these waters are Class 1 for irrigation use during periods of high flow, and range from Class 2 to Class 3 during times of low discharge. Calleguas Creek System Many of the streams of the Calleguas Creek system discharge rela- tively minor amounts of water and flow generally continues only for short periods of time following rainfall. For this reason, there is a paucity of data with which to evaluate the quality of surface waters of this system. In general, data exhibited in Tables A3 and G3 of Appendixes A and G for Calleguas Creek near the Camarillo State Hospital station ^^'1-6.5, -73- suggest that the quality of these waters varies from Class 1 to Class 2 for I irrigation use, with total dissolved solids concentration ranging from about || 380 to 1060 ppm, the lower concentration being associated with the higher dis- charges. Calleguas Creek at station hk-o.'^, above its confluence with Conejo " Creek, appears on the basis of seven analyses to be of somewhat better quality, with total dissolved solids concentration generally less than 900 ppm. The X data available indicate the character of the waters flowing in this creek to be calcium sulfate. Analyses of Conejo Creek^ a tributary of Calleguas Creek, at station iti)._7.9_3 .0 indicate these waters to be of excellent quality with total dissolved solids concentrations ranging less than 26i+ ppm. However, at station UU-7.9-I2.8 the low flow quality ranges from Class 2 to Class 3, with higher total dissolved solids and effective salinity values . The cation character of the waters in Conejo Creek varies from calcium -magnesium to magnesium-calcium, while the anion character at station 3.0 is bicarbonate -sulfate and at station 12.8 is sulfate. Analyses of samples collected from Arroyo Simi on March ^ , and I5, 1952, present a rather interesting phenomenon. The sample collected March 7j at a time when discharge was estimated to be 60 second-feet, contained 679 ppm of total dissolved solids while the sample collected March 15 during a flow estimated to be 2000 second-feet, contained IU53 ppm total dissolved solids. The character of both samples was calcium sulfate, the only difference in the tvro camples being a higher percentage of calcium and sulfate in the March 7 sample. The analysis of a sample collected at this station on April I6, 19?2, showing over 7000 ppm total dissolved solids, is considered to be effluent flow from a semiperched zone v;hich exists in the western portion of Simi Basin- Ajialyses of samples collected from Taoo Creek, a tributary of Arroyo -7U- Simi, indicates the waters of this creek to be of Class 3 quality for irrigation and generally unsuitable for domestic use during periods of low flow. As in the Arroyo Simi, the quality of the flow on March 7, 1952, was considerably better than the quality on March 15 of the same year although the flow on the latter date was five times that of the former. Data collected for Revolon Slough at station Ui^-2.1-1.7 indicate the water to be of poor quality. However, this slough is primarily used as a wasteway for the disposal of irrigation drainage from the Oxnard Plain, and Pleasant Valley ground water basins, and the character of the analyses for this stream presented in Table A3 of Appendix A strongly suggests that irrigation drainage represents the primary source of the sample collected. Malibu Creek System Data for this stream system are limited to seven analyses presented in Tables Ah and G^': of Appendixes f aadj;6,r*hree frt)i».Sig-SyKiainor© Greek and three from Little Sycamore Creek and one from La Jolla Creek. These analyses indicate the waters to be of good quality and suitable for beneficial uses. However, both streams discharge waters that are classified as very hard. Quality of Ground Water The quality and character of ground waters in Ventura County vary widely, depending upon the gedlxjglc formations from which the water is der- ived; the quality of the ground water recharge; the extent to which the ground water has been affected by pollutants and degradants; and fluctua- tions resulting from cyclic periods of above normal and subnormal water supply. The suitability of the ground waters for beneficial use depends -75- upon the quantity and type of salts in the water. For irrigation use, suita- bility depends on soil drainage, climate, and sensitivity of the crop. In general, much of the ground water in Ventura County is of suitable or marginal quality for the prevailing beneficial uses although many of the waters are very hard. For this reason, water softening may be desirable be- fore use of ground water for domestic and certain industrial purposes. There is discernible variation in both the character and quality of ground water, not only between drainage systems but between basins within drainage systems and aquifers within basins . In view of this diversity, the ensuing discussion of ground water quality has, for simplicity of presentation, been divided into drainage systems and subdivided into ground water basins, A tabulation of complete mineral analyses, including a limited number made for trace constituents, of samples (2) collected subsequent to the publication of Bulletin No. hSk is presented in Appendix B, while partial mineral analyses for selected wells are presented in Appendix C. Appendix H contains analyses made subsequent to 1952. Ventura River System Ground water basins within this system include Upper Ojai, Ojai, and Upper and Lower Ventura River Basins . Upper Ojai Basin . In general the ground waters of Upper Ojai Basin are of good quality and suitable for domestic and irrigation uses. This is shown by the following data summarizing the values of total dissolved solids, boron, and effective salinity of samples collected from 12 wells in this basin during the late fall of I95I and the summer of 1952. -76- Chemical Property- MsLximum Minimum Average Median Total dissolved solids, ppm. 12U9 U38 707 605 Boron, ppm. 1.5 trace O.U 0.2 Effective salini epm. ■ty, 11.8 2.8 5.5 k.O Ground waters derived from the v/estern part of the basin are calcium to calcivim-sodium bicarbonate in character, while the waters found in the eastern part of the basin are primarily calcium sulfate. In the extreme easterly portion of the basin, the limited occur- rence of sodium chloride waters of unsatisfactory quality is indicated. These waters contain total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from 2000-3000 ppm, effective salinities up to 3I epm, and high boron concentra- tions. In addition, wells Un/22W-11P1 and IIRI, located on the south of the basin, yield waters containing high boron concentrations. Sources of degrada- tion probably include connate brines seeping from the Modelo shales located on the south side of the valley, and oil brines which, historically, have been disposed to unlined sumps in the eastern portion of the valley. ^•^^. In general, analyses made subsequent to 1952 show little change in character or quality. One well, however, No. Un/22W-9RU increased in salinity from 12^+9 ppm total dissolved solids in 1952 to I766 ppm in 195^ and then declined to a value of 1004 ppm in 1958- Table H-1 in Appendix H shows several other wells in which quality has improved between 1951 and 1958. -77- Ojai Basin . Mineral analyses indicate nearly ail the ground v/aters derived from this basin to be of good-mineral quality and suitable for the pre- vailing beneficial uses. On the basis of analyses of samples from 19 wells collected in 1952, the total dissolved solids content ranges from about ii-50 to aboui: llUO ppm and averages 61+0 ppm. Effective salinity^ while ranging from abouT: 3 to over 11 epra, seldora exceeds 6 epm and averages about ii,8 epm> Boron concentrations are in the order of 0.1 ppm and never exceed 0.4 ppm. In comparison to the data presented in the foregoing paragraph, analyses of samples collected from nine wells in 1933 show that the average total dissolved solids concentration at that time was about i^QO ppm. Thus, it is Indicated that in an interval of 19 years, the average concentration of total dissolved solids has increased about 150 ppm in Ojai Basin = This increase suggests that the inflow of salts to the ground water body may exceed the disposal of salts therefrom. Sixty-eight analyses of samples collected during the period 1953 to 1957 from 27 x/elis show this trend of increasing salinity to be continuing. Although this continuing increase indicates a possible adverse salt balance, consideration must be given to the fact that the period of increase has not occurred over an average water supply period. Ground waters of Ojai Basin are principally calcium bicarbonate- sulfate in character although several of the wells, scattered throughout the oasin, yield waters with bicarbonate concentrations exceeding 50 per cent of the total anions. In addition, several wells, including Nos. hn/2Z!-6D3, UN/22W-9B1, and kli / -j,k^I -12Y:2 , produce waters with sulfate as the principal anion and there is one well, No. 5N/22V/-32J3, with a chloride concentration exceeding 50 per cent of the total anions. -78- With the exception of well 6D3, the quality of the water derived from these wells is somewhat inferior to that of waters found in other parts of the oasin, as the total dissolved solids content exceeds 1000 ppm. In- formation is lacking concerning the depth or the deposits encountered while drilling the three wells yielding poorer quality waters. However, it is possible that a portion of this water is in some manner derived from older deposits underlying or bounding the alluvium. Upper Ventura River Basin. The quality and character of waters derived from wells in this basin generally reflect the quality and char- acter of the surface waters of the Ventura River, particularly those found during periods of high flow. The effect may be seen by reference to Table 8, entitled "Similarity of Quality and Character of Surface and Ground Water in Upper Ventura River Basin". This close correspondence occuru because the primary source of recharge to this basin is deep percolation of sur- face flow in the river. Furthermore, the shallow alluvial deposits, from which the major portion of ground water in this basin is derived, permit only limited amounts of carryover storage. Hence, ground water storage and quality rapidly reflect changes in quantity and quality of flow in Lhe river. -79- TABLE SIMILARITY OF QUALITY AND CHARACTER OF SURFACE AND GROUND v/ATER IN UPPER VENTURA RIVER BASIN Constituents in percentage equivalents Ca : Ms Ka :HCO^:SOl. r : Total : t Boron 'dissolved :Effective ; : solids • salinity CI ; ppni ; ppra i epm Ventura River at Foster iark (high flow ) Ventura River at Foster -"ark (low flow) Average of eight wells pumping from alluvium of Uoper Ventura River Basin 5if 28 lo i+l Uq 10 0.2 500 h,3 tjU 22 2k kO 39 21 0.5 8^1 6.3 55 25 20 iv3 37 10 0.5 618 U.6 In generaJ. the quality of ground waters produced from this basin may be considered suitable for domestic, municipal, and irrigation uses. Presented below are data which reflect the extreme and average mineral quality attributes of these ground waters = This summary is based upon analyses of 23 samples col- lected in August of 1952, and April and May of 1953- Chemical Property Maximum Minmum Average Median Total dissolved solids , ppm li+20 370 732 620 ?cron, ppm 0.6 0.0 0.3 0,^ Effective salinity, epm 10. u 1.9 5-3 h.Q -00- Analyses made during the period 1953 to 195^ shov/ only minor changes in quality except for several wells in which the 195^ samples shov?ed improve- ment in quality. About 75 per cent of the samples collected in 1952 and 1953 arid, between 1953 and 195S; indicate that the cation character of the gi'ound waters is predominately calciujn, although waters of a sodiura-calciuin and raagnesium- calcium type were derived from a few scattered wells. The anion character of the ma.jority of the waters varies narrowly betv/een sulfate -oicarbonate and Dicarbonate-sulfate. There are, however, analyses from two wells drilled into deposits in San Antonio Creek which show a sulfate character and nine analyses from wells deriving waters from deposits in Santa Ana Creek, in the vicinity of Meiner's Oaks and along the east side of the Ventura River above Oakview, which show a bicarbonate character. Comparison of the locations of wells of deviating anion character with the areal geology, suggests that the sulfate waters are derived from shale deposits, while nearly all waters of bicarbonate character are from wells drilled into the Sespe formation or adjacent deposits. The oicarbonate character of waters, produced from the Sesne for- mation, is indicated by the analysis of soring hl\ / P^^i -ikAl , which emanates from these deposits. The excellent quality of the water from oh Is snriirg suggests that waters of the Sespe formation are of good quality near' the surface. However, data obtained from electric logs of wells drilled into these deposits suggest that saline waters may occur at depth. There are two wells located adjacent to San Antonio Creek, which yield waters with total dissolved solids and effective salinity values considerably above average. These waters are Class 2 for irrigation use, -81- have a sulfate anion character, and are probably derived from Tertiary deposits such as the Modelo shale and the Vaqueros formations. Hovrever, only a minor quantity of v^ater is derived from these deposits and their effect on the over- all quality of the waters in the Upper Ventura River Basin is considered minor. Lower Ventura River Basin. There are very few water wells drilled into the alluviuin of this basin and mineral analyses with which to interpret the quality of the ground water are almost completely lacking. Furthermore, available analyses present somewhat conflicting information. Analyses of well 3K/23V/-33KI suggest the waters to be of very poor mineral quality, while the analysis of v/ell 3K/23W-33CI suggests excellent mineral quality. Of signif- icance, however, is the fact that these samples were collected by bailing the wells and for an extended period prior to sampling neither of the wells had oeen pumped. The effect of such a period of idleness is evidenced by the analyses of well 3N/23V/~33N1 presented in Appendix B, Table B3, wherein seimples of rather different quality were found at variations in depth of only 10 feet. These differences may be the result of slow settling of ions in solution vrith a consequent increase in salt concentration near the bottom of the well and decrease in concentration near the top. Discussion presented in Bulletin No. U6^ indicates that concen- trations of chloride, boron, and dissolved solids in the ground waters of the oa.sin ma/e the v;aters unsuitable for beneficial use. This is substantiated oy reports from local farmers and by the electric log of well 2N/23W-5P1, which suggests salty water to occur for the first 3OO feet. It is further reported that hydrogen sulfide gas may be found in these waters, particularly during periods when water levels are lowest, and that the waters often contain oil. -82- Reasons for this poor quality water are obscure, although it is re- ported that oil field waste disposal practices in the early history of the Ventura Oil Field may have polluted ground water. The quality of ground waters derived from the alluvial deposits in Canada Larga, a tributary of the Lower Ventura River Basin, is shown by the analyses of well 3N/23W-12D1 presented in Appendix B, Table 83- These waters are apparently Class 3 for irrigation uses and unsuitable for domestic use. The source of the poor quality water is considered to be geologic in origin, since the salts are probably derived from nearby deposits of Tertiary age. Santa Clara River System Ground water basins within this drainage system include Piru, Fillmore, Santa Paula, Mound, Oxnard Forebay, Oxnard Plain, and Pleasant Valley. The character and quality of ground waters in each of these basins and the suitability of the waters for prevailing and anticipated beneficial uses are discussed in detail in the following section. Piru Basin . Ground waters, derived from the alluvium and under- lying San Pedro formation within Piru Basin, range in quality from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation use. In some instances, certain of the con- stituents, notably magnesium, fluoride, sulfate and total dissolved solids, exceed the recommended and/or mandatory limits for domestic use established in the United States Public Health Service Drinl^ing V/ater Standards. Sum- marized below are pertinent statistics relative to total dissolved solids, boron and effective salinity for a series of ssimples collected from 26 -83- wells during the last week of May, 1952. These data emphasize the variation in quality in this basin. Cheraical i/roperty Maximum Minimum Average Median Total dissolved solids, npm 3386 778 1320 1477 Boron, opm 1.3 0.i+ 0.8 0.5 Effective salinity, epm 25.2 6.9 10. U 11. 7 The above data indicate that ground waters in Piru Easin are or the average Class 2 for irrigation use. However, the soils in the alluvium of this basin are in general very nermeanle and excellent subdrainage is afforded. Fcir this reason, many of the ground waters of this oasin have been successfully anplled on even the more sensitive of crops. However, the Ventura County Kami Adv/.sor and local farmers have reported that in 1951 citrus and other crops showed symntoms of salt injury of a magnitude sufficient to cause concern. This condition v:as relieved by heavy rains which fell during the v.'inter of I95I-52, since deen percolation of precipitation considerably reduced the concentration of the soil solutior. . Hov/^ever, it serves to emphasize the fact that many of the waters of this basin are marginal and that determination of renuireraents for applied vrater must consider not only consumptive use require- m.ents, but also an allowance for sufficient irrigation return to prevent ex- cessive concentration of salts in the root zone. An indication of the changes in quality thao have occurred in the ground vraters of Piru Basin over a j^eriod of time is furnished by analyses of samples collected from I9 wells in 1929- These data show that the average -bk. total dissolved solids content of these ground waters was about 12^40 pprn in 1S29 compared to an average of I32O ppm in 1952. Direct comparison of analyses of samples collected from four wells in I929 and I952 indicates that during the 23-year period the total dissolved solids content increased from 1125 to 15^+0 ppm. It is apparent from these data that the ground waters of Piru Basin have experienced an increase in salt content. However, the magnitude of the increase indicated is not necessarily a dependable figure since the period of comparison does not correspond to an average water supply period. Forty- three analyses of ground water from 26 wells for the period I953-I958 are presented in Table E-k. These analyses indicate that no significant changes in quality or character have occurred during this period. The character of the ground waters of Piru Basin is consistent, with calcium the most important cation and sulfate the predominant anion. Studies relating quality and location indicate that the water in the upstream portion of the basin contains considerably greater concentrations of dissolved salts than the water derived from the downstream portion. As previously stated, the quality of surface waters of the Santa Clara River at the up- stream end of the basin, as evidenced by analyses of samples collected at Blue Cut, station ^3-3^" 5> is very poor. It is considered probable that the higher total dissolved solids concentrations found in the upstream part of the basin reflect the deep percolation of these poor quality siirface waters . The lesser quantity of dissolved salts evidenced in the downstream portion of the basin is considered to reflect, at least in part, the influence of waters derived from Piru Creek. The effect of the flows in this creek on ground waters of Piru Basip is emphasized by the high boron concentrations found in the waters derived from wells located in the vicinity of and -85- dovmstream of the mouth of the creek where the concentrations of boron are in' the order of 1 ppni. Three of the wells in this basin, Nos , Un/i8W-29F2, UN/19W-25CI, and 3UC2, yield waters of relatively poor quality. The effective salinity of waters from these wells generally exceeds I6 epm and total dissolved solids concentra- tions are proportionately high. Water levels in well i4-N/l8W-29P2 are consider- ably higher than in other nearby wells and the general water table elevation of the basin = The inference is that the water in this well is supplied from older de-iosits which form, the southerly boundary of the alluvial deposits. Concerning the other two wells, similar hydrolcgic data suggest the effect of ground water emanating from older deposits. However ;, well 25C1, which is drilled near the mouth of Hopper Creek, may, to some extent, reflect the poor quality waters which are found in this creek during periods of low flow. There are available analyses of three wells located outside the principal water-bearing formations of Piru feisin, but within the drainage area of the basin Wells Un/i8W-3Q1 and 3Q2 are drilled into the alluvium of Piru Creek, and well Un/i8W-12P1 into the alluvi\am of Holser Canyon. The waters derived from the wells adjacent to Piru Creek contain high concentration of boron. The quality of waters derived from the alluvium of Holser Canyon is extremely poor with effective salinity values in excess of 60 epm. Fillmore Basin. Ground waters of this basin, principally derived from alluvial and San Pedro deposits, vary in quality from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation use. P\irthermore, certain constituents in waters from various parts of the basin, notably sulfate, fluoride<,and total dissolved solids, exceed the recommended and/or mandatory limits for drinking water. -86- To illustrate the quality traits in this basin, there is presented oelo\r a sujiimary of data secured from analyses of samples collected from kk wells during the months of May and June, 1952. Chemical I'l'ouerty Maximum Minimum Avera/^e Median Total dissolved solids, ppm 2661 516 1206 9i.-5 Boron, ppm 1.5 0.2 0.6 0.6 Effective salinity, epm 21.2 3.3 9.h 8.3 These data indicate that over 50 per cent of the wells sampled yield vraters of Class 2 or Class 3 quality. Because the soils of Fillmore P?asin are in general very permeable and there is excellent subdrainage, ground waters of this basin have in the past been utilized without sig- nificant crop damage. However, waters which contain concentrations of salts which exceed the average values shown, should be used with care to insure that soil solution concentrations do not increase to the point that injury to crops will result. It is noted that i^he values presented in the foregoing tabulation indicate a large variation between the average and median figures for total dissolved solids concentration and effective salinity. This variation indicates the effect of a minority of wells yielding water of much poorer quality than the average values . As an indication of changes which have occurred in the quality of the ground v/aters of Fillmore Basin over a period of time, comparison of data presented in the foregoing tabulation with data presented in Bulletin (2) No. U6A is of significance. Analyses of saraples collected from 20 wells -87- in 1930 indicate that the average total dissolved solids content in the ground waters of Fillmore Basin was about 970 ppra at that time. This is compared to an average total dissolved solids content of aoout 1200 ppm in 1952. Direct comparison of analyses of samples collected from six wells indicates the average total dissolved solids concentration to have increased from 660 ppm. in 1932 to 1090 ppm in 1952. However, the foregoing comparisons do not cover an average water supply period and the magnitude of the increases may not accurately indi- cate the average rate of increase of salt concentration in this basin. Ninety- three analyses of ground water from 50 wells covering the period of IS 53 through 1957 are presented in Table H-5- These analyses indicate that no m^jor changes in ground water quality or character have occurred during this period. The principal cation in the ground waters of Fillmore Basin is gen- erally calcium, although analyses indicate that there are a fevf wells producing waters of a calcium-magnesiujn or calcium-sodiim type. Sulfate exceeds 50 per cent of the total anions throughout the major part of the basin, although in ground waters derived from that portion of the basin lying north of Santa Clara River and west of Sespe Creek the predominant anion is generally bicaroonate. These waters are of relatively good quality, although two of the wells, Nos. UN/2OW-25DI and 26PI, have ooron concentrations somewhat in excess of maximum values recommended for use on sensitive crops. No specific water quality data are available with which to determine the source of the water of this character .| A study comparing the quality of the waters on an areal basis revealed that poorer than average quality waters are found in the southern portion of the basin and in a limited area south and west of the City of Fillmore. The waters in the southern portion of the oasin have effective salinities generally exceed- ing 12-15 epm and boron concentrations in the order of 1 ppm, while the waters -88- found in the vicinity of Fillmore have effective salinity values in the order of 150 per cent of the average for the basin. Wells in the southern portion of the basin which yield waters of poor quality are found in Sections 8, 9^ 10 > and 11 of Township 3 North, Range 20 West. The areal extent of degradation is much more widespread in this area than in other areas adjacent to the hills flanking the south side of the Santa Clara River and it is therefore considered that surface runoff from nearby hills is not the sole contributing factor to the poor quality. Furthermore, it has been previously stated that Tertiary rocks bordering the basin on the south have been eroded by the Santa Clara River, followed by the deposition of up to about 200 feet of Recent alluvixim. Most of the wells which yield poor quality water are drilled into this over- lying alluvium. Available information does not indicate that any of the wells have been drilled into the Tertiary deposits. It is therefore con- sidered that in this area there is an upward movement of water from the Tertiary deposits which is causing at least part of the indicated degrad- ation. Ground water movement in this area, as indicated by the contoixrs delineated on Plate 2, is in a westerly direction toward the main stream of the basin. At the present time the extent of appreciable degradation is probably limited by dilution by better quality waters. However, it is believed that during periods when water levels are drawn doyn in the main part of the basin, an increased volume of this poor quality water moves a greater distance Into the basin. It follows that any plan to -Q9- operate Fillmore ground water basin as a ground water reservoir should consider the effects of this poor quality water on the overall quality of the water of the basin. m- The areal extent of the poorer quality water found south and west 6f the City of Fillmore is in the form of a triangle with its apex near the point where Sesoe Creek discharges into the Santa Clara River and its base through the city. The quality of these waters is Class 2 for irrigation use with ef- fective salinity values in the order of 15O per cent of the average for the basin. The source of this inferior quality is obscure. However, available data suggest two possibilities: (l) percolate from Pole Creek which, based upon available analyses, discharges waters of relatively poor quality and (2) discharges to cesspools and septic tanks, possibly within the City of Fillmore, which over a long period of time may have caused impairment of ground waters . Santa Paula Basin. Ground water derived from the Recent and Pleisto- 'cene alluvium and the San Pedro formation in this basin varies in quality from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation use. In some instances, certain of the con- stituents, notably sulfate and total dissolved solids, exceed the limits for domestic use recommended by the United States Public Health Service. The following summary illustrates the quality conditions v/hich exist in this oasin. The values are computed from analyses of samples from 28 wells collected during the fall of 1951 and the spring of 1952. -90- Chemical Prooerty Maximum Minimum Average Median Total dissolved solids, ppm ?5i+2 800 13^9 1198 Boron, pum 1.9 0.1 0.8 0.6 Effective salinity, epm 21.8 6.1 10. U 9.3 Comparison of the median and average values presented in the fore- going summary suggests that the waters of this basin are generally Class 2 for irrigation use. However, a few wells, yielding water of poor quality, have a discernible influence on the average quality. Historically, the quality of the waters of Santa Paula Basin has tended to deteriorate with time. Analyses of samples collected from 30 wells in 1931 indicate that the average total dissolved solids content of ground water at that time was about 980 ppm, or about 370 ppm less than che 1951-52 value. Direct comparison of analyses of samples collected from I5 wells indicates that the average total dissolved solids concentration increased from 955 DDm in I93I to 1220 ppm in 1951. Analyses of water from 3U wells sampled during the period 1953-1958 show no significant changes in quality or character and no notable trends of increase or decrease in salinity throughout the basin. Santa Paula Basin is the only ground water basin in Ventura County for which historical quality data exists in sufficient quantity to fully justify study and conclusions. Avail.aule data comprise analyses of samples collected approximately once each year since I928, In general, these data indicate that, in the period from I928 to about I'/i'-j ox- I936, the salt concentration in the waters of this basin evidenced a substantial -91- rise, with increases amounting to as much as 100 per cent of the I928 concen- tration. In the period between I936 and about 19^5, salt concentrations de- creased, although not to the I928 level. Between I5U5 and 1952, salt concen- trations- again reached, and in some instances exceeded, 1935 values. An attempt was made to correlate quality fluctuations with hydrologic factors such as rainfall, runoff, and ground water levels. It is indicated that a qualita- tive relationship does exist, although the data available did not permit the determination of quantitative values . The cation character of the ground waters of Santa Faula Basin is usually calcium, although several analyses indicate a calcium-sodium character. The principal anion is sulfate, except for water derived from a very few wells located near the mouth of Santa Paula Creek. These latter wells have a sul- fate-bicarbonate character similar to that of the high flow waters of the creek. With respect to geographical location, the ground water derived from the eastern portion of the basin in the vicinity of the mouth of Santa Paula Creek indicates the effect of the high quality v/aters from this creek on the underlying ground water. A fevr wells in this basin produce waters of considerably poorer than average quality. These include wells 3N/21W-16h1, 28M1, and 3ICI, and 3N/22W-35P1- In the instance of well 16HI, ooservations made in the course of water level measurements indicate the well to have a leaky casing, sug- gesting that the waters are being degraded by a poor quality water, possibly from a localized semiperched body, migrating to the principal aquifer through the leaky casing. A similar occurrence is suspected in the instance of wells 3N/21V/-31Ci and 3N/22W-35P1. Both of these wells produce waters of Class 3 ■92- quality. They are more than 250 feet deep and yield waters of similar chemical character to the ground water in much of the remainder of the basin, suggesting irrigation return water as the source of deterioration. Suitable methods of construction and abandonment of wells should be developed and utilized in pressure portions of this basin. Well 3N/2IW-28MI, mentioned previously as producing waters of poor quality, is located south of the Oak Ridge fault and adjacent Pico formation. It seems probable that poor quality waters migrating from these older Pico deposits are reflected in the water derived from this well. In addition to the cited instances of poor quality water, the analyses presented in Appendixes B & H indicate that four wells, Nos. 3N/21W-21B1, 21E1, 21F1, and 21F2, produce waters with boron concentrations exceeding one ppm. These wells which are located downstream from the sewage treatment of the City of Santa Paula have been affected by discharges from the plant. An additional source of deterioration to the ground waters of this basin is percolation of poor quality surface waters flowing in Wheeler Canyon. Analyses of two wells, Nos. 3N/22W-2G2 and 3N/22W-11H1, suggest the direct effect of waters from Wheeler Canyon on ground waters. Both of these wells produce Class 3 waters with a sodium-calcium sulfate character. The effect of surface flow from Wheeler Canyon is also evidenced in the quality of well 3N/22W-2i+Rl . Mound Basin. The principal deposits yielding ground water to wells in this basin are of the San Pedro formation, although minor amounts of water are also derived from the overlying Recent alluvial and upper Pleistocene deposits . -93- The quality of the waters derived from the San Pedro formation, as depicted by analyses of samples collected from 15 wells in June and July of 1952, ranges from Class 1 to Class 3 ^or irrigation use. The total dissolved solids content ranges from a minimum of 700 ppm to a maximxim of 2,599 PPm, with an average of 1,211 ppm and a median of 1,113 PPm; the boron concentration ranges from a minimtun of 0.2 to a maximum of 0.6; averaging 0.4; and the effective seuLinity ranges from a maximxim of 20.6 to a minimvmi of 7»7 epm, averaging 10.1 epm. The median value for effective salinity is 9-6 epm. The character of the waters derived from these deposits is generally calcium- sodixim sixlfate. Thirty-five ground water analyses are available from 20 wells cover- ing the period since 1952. With but one exception these analyses show no significant changes in mineral quality or character and do not indicate any basin-wide trends. The exception is ajialyses from well 2N/23W-5L1 which show a pronounced increase in chloride ion and total dissolved solids content. Insttfficient data are available to establish the source of impairment; which may be poor quality waters from adjacent formations, oil well brines, or sea- water intiTasion. Since the soils of this basin are fairly permeable, it is believed that the waters are usable for irrigation. However, as the concentrations increase above the average, care must be taken to prevent an undesirable soil solution condition. Concerning domestic use, certain of the mineral constit- uents, notably siilfate and total dissolved solids may, in some instsinces, exceed the limits recommended by the United States Public Health Service. Information concerning the quality of the waters derived from the alluvium is limited to one analysis from well 2N/22W-10R2. It would appear from these meager data that the water derived from the alluvium is of suitable -94- quality for established beneficial uses, at least in the vicinity of the cited well. In Chapter II, it is stated that the San Pedro deposits vrithin the lower portion of the Ventura River drainage area are separated from the overlying Recent alluvium and probably hydrologically interconnected with the MDund Basin. Available water quality data, although meager, tends to support this suggestion. This may be seen from aaa inspection of Table 9, entitled "Comparison of Quality eind Character of Waters in Alluvi\un and San Pedro Deposits of Lower Ventura River and Mound Basin". This table presents water quality data for high and low flows in the Ventura River, for waters derived from the alluvium of the lower Ventura Basin, for two wells deriving waters from the San Pedro deposits in the Lower Ventura River Basin, and average quality of water from 15 wells producing from the San Pedro deposits in the MDund Basin. This effect is also shown on Plate 11, entitled "Mineral Character of Gro\ind Waters, Mound and Lower Ventura River Basins", graphically illustrating the cheuracter of these waters. The data indicate that the water from the two wells producing from the San Pedro deposits in the Ventura Basin is similar in character and quality to the waters in Mound Basin and differs from the waters found in the alluviiim of the Ventura Basin and low flows in the Ventura River. -95- ^ ^ \R ^ O iH 1-1 ^ 5 J- ci 35 +5 -e g 5 ^ S n cn dl +> j^ g .^ o o a ^ o a< s s -96- O «H a o o o o Oxnard Forebay Basin. Ground water produced from the Oxnard Foreoay Basin is derived from Recent and Pleistocene alluvium and the San Pedro forma- tion. The quality of the waters in these deposits, which are contiguous and in hydraulic continuity, is generally Class 2 for irrigation use. Analyses of samples collected from Ik wells in the summer of 1952 indicate a concen- tration of total dissolved solids ranging from a maximum of 19^ ppm to a minimum of 838 ppm, with an average of about 1270 ppm, and a median concen- tration of I2U5 ppm. The boron content ranges from a minimiim of O.3 Ppm to a maximum of 0.9 ppm with average and median values of 0.6 ppm. The effective salinity ranges from a minimum of 7-8 to a maximum of 15-3 epm, with an aver- age of 10.6 and a median of 10.0 epm. An indication of the quality trend in this ground water basin during a period of 21 years is furnished by comparison of data presented in the foregoing paragraph with analyses of samples collected in 1931 • Based upon 7 analyses, the average total dissolved solids concentration was about 1000 ppm in I93I or about 270 ppm less than the 1952 value. While it appears that there is a general over -all increase in the salt concentration in this basin, the period of record does not correspond to an average water supply period. The magnitude of the difference, therefore, should not be used to determine the average rate of salt concentration increase. Seventy-two analyses of ground water are available from 27 wells covering the period 1953 to I958. These analyses indicate only minor in- creases in dissolved solids and show no significant changes in quality or character . The character of the ground waters found in the Oxnard Forebay is generally calcium-sodium sulfate, similar to the high flow waters in the -97- Santa Clara River. Since the area is not only recharged under natural conditions by the Santa Clara River, but also by artificial spreading of this water during periods of high runoff, the similarity to the surface supply is to be expected. Oxnard Plain Basin. Ground water produced for beneficial use in the basin is derived primarily from the Oxnard aquifer, although some water is ob- tained from the Fox Canyon aquifer of the San Pedro formation, from discontinuous gravels of the upper San Pedro formation and, in minor amounts, from the Santa Barbara formation and Quaternary alluvium. In addition there is a semiperched ground water body in permeable deposits overlying the clay cap which confines the Oxnard aquifer. These latter waters are of poor quality and there are no known wells which intentionally derive water from this zone. Nearly all wells for which analyses are presented in Appendix Tables B, B9,and H-9 produce from the Oxnard aquifer. However, there are analyses available for three wells pumping from the Fox Canyon aquifer, one well deriving water from miscellaneous gravels of the upper San Pedro formation, and two wells producing from the Quaternary alluvium. To indicate the quality of the waters from these aquifers, the results of a series of samples collected during the summer of 1952 are summarized "n the following tabulation. Source and chemical property Maximum Minimum Average Median Oxnard Aquifer (8l analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm 2071 700 977 91 U 1,1 0.1 0.6 0.6 17.3 5-7 8.1 7.^ -98- Maximum Minimum Average Median 820 Q.k 7.2 7kh 0.1 6.9 770 0.2 7.1 0.2 7.1 932 672 802 0.6 o.k 0.5 7.6 5.i+ 6.5 Source and chemical property Fox Canyon Aquifer (3 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm Quaternary Alluvium (2 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm San Pedro Formation (l analysis) Total dissolved solids, ppm 880 Boron, ppm O.3 Effective salinity, epm Q.k Data presented in the foregoing summary relative to the Fox Can- yon aquifer, the Quaternary alluvium, and the San Pedro formation, although meager, suggest the quality of the waters derived from these deposits to be suitable for both irrigation and domestic use, at least in the southern and southeastern portions of the basin, vhere the wells producing from these deposits are located. The character of the water from these zones is generally calcii:im-sodium sulfate. The quality of the waters derived from the Oxnard aquifer ranges from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation use. Some constituents, notably sulfate and total dissolved solids, exceed the recommended limits for domestic use published in Drinking Water Standards of the United States (19) Public Health Service 19^6 . Wells recently found to contain waters of high chloride content have not been considered, since these wells are oe- lieved to have been degraded by sea water entering the Oxnard aquifer near Port Hueneme. Sea-water intrusion is discussed in Chapter VI, entitled "Water Quality Problems". -99- 4- Analyses of samples collected in 1931 from 27 wells producing from the Oxnard aquifer indicate that the average total dissolved solids content in that zone was about 85O ppm at that time. When this figure is compared to the 977 ppm average for 1952, it is apparent that there has been an increase in the salt concentration in the waters of this zone. The Oxnard aquifer is confined, as previously discussed and is recharged primarily by subsurface movement from the Oxnard Forebay Basin. It is, therefore, not subject to quality fluctuations characteristic of free ground water aquifers which are recharged directly by deep penetrating rainfall and per- colating surface waters of variable quality. It will, however, show an integrated reflection of changes in the Oxnard Forebay Basin, which is subject to variations in quality related to both time and hydrologic conditions. One hundred thirty-six analyses of water from 66 wells producing from the Oxnard aquifer and covering the i^eriod 1S53 '^^o 195*^' are presented in Table H-9 of Ar3pendix H. Except in the vicin- ity of Port Hueneme where sea-water intrusion is continuing, the analyses show no significant changes in quality or character. However, the trend of increasing salt concentration within this zone appears to be continuing. The most important cation in the waters of the Oxnard aquifer is calcium generally followed by sodium, although certain wells, particularly in the area north of the City of Oxnard, yield waters with magnesium as the second most important cation. Sulfate is in nearly all instances the predominate anion, although a fevf wells located adjacent to the line delineated as the boundary between Pleasant Valley and the Oxnard Plain Basins, have sulfate concentrations of less than 50 per cent of the total anions with bicarbonate as the second most important anion. This is oelieved to be, at least in part, the result of pumping from a series of continuous or discontinuous lenses of water-bearing deposits recharged principally from the alluvial and Upper San Pedro deposits of adjacent Pleasant Valley Basin. -100- studies relating the quality of water in the Oxnard aquifer with f.eographical location indicate that waters found in the area between the City of Oxnard and the Cxnard Forebay Basin and adjacent to the periphery of the Oxnard Forebay Basin are generally inferior in quality to those waters found in the balance of the aquifer. This may be seen from the data presented In the following tabulation. Total dissolved Effective salinity Basin or sc )lids, ppm Average epm aquifer Average Median Median Oxnard Forebay 1269 12U5 10.6 10.0 Oxrard Aquifer 977 91 i| 8.1 l.h Oxrard Aquifer near Forebay* 1200 II32 10. 3 9.U * Values based on lU v;^ells producing from Oxnard aquifer and located adjacent to Oxrard Forebay. Recharge to the Oxnard aquifer is effected V'riri-'St-''ily through .Move- ment of water frorn the Oxnard Forebay Basin. The d.ata Indicates thai, the quality of the forebay area water is generally inferior to that in the I-'ain Oxnai'd aquifer. It is apparent that some deterioration of the quality of the ground waters of the Oxrard aquifer has occurred, as previously discussed, and doubtless v/ill continue to occur as a result of normal recharge. It was previously mentioned that at shallo'.r depth in the alluvial deposits of the Oxnard Plain Basin there exists a semiperched water -bearirg zone which is recharged nrJ.ncinally by deep penetration of rainfall and return irrigation water. Because of the extensive application of irrigation water, it has occoine )i.ecessary to install a tile drainage system in noj'tiors -101- of Oxnard Plain in order to maintain the water level belovr the root zone of crops. Analyses of samples of these seraiperched waters, collected near points of discharge of drainage water, are presented in Taole 10, entitled "Mineral Analyses of Drainage V/ater from Coastal Plain of Ventura County" . The locationf, of sarapling points used are delineated on Plate "JB. Inspection of Table 10 will indicate that the waters of the semi- perclicd body are similar in character to the waters derived from the Oxnard aquifer; hov/ever, they are Class 2 to Class 3 quality for irrigation use and generally unsuitable as a domestic supply. It is apparent that the serai- perched ground water body represents a potential source of degradation to the valuable aquifers which underlie it. This water may gain access to the underlying deposits through improperly constructed or abandoned wells or through the lenticular sands and gravels which tend to increase the perme- ability of the cap. At the present time there is no direct evidence of degradation of the Oxnard aquifer by water of the semiperched body. However, it is suspected that waters from this source are contributing to the poor quality waters found adjacent to the zone of recharge and in the vicinity of well 1N/22W-11C2 which evidences high total dissolved solids and boron concentrations . -102- ^ fs. o e9 o o« (HI OS cgl • ^ ^^ ni 13 ^3 ^A i ir> 'co t-^ OS ■HiiA 'St'i CM coioj oKo o|i-i ole £3^'B 31"^ '^1'-' -=*"l colo Si- OJCO OjO 0|0 OjO OjO 0|0 0(0 Ojo -jo- Ho' ojvo Olt^. cv;lo< Ol e olrt tS • <*>£csi i-Jr-I VOjOS o c>, /r-s. ^ M^ §P r-l ^|§ ^^ sy^ gf^ c^if\ c^irv c^ov ^|o M IrH 'r-l |CM oiUN \o\o olr-- I. ^ ^ oil e o s> ii§li|i'|f>| 1i|iH ■rt >-i +» oi K. o 3 o Q O (D Q< • ^ • ^ f-r CM •103- +> U B « (B d 0. O g « 5^ +> -H ^ S 5 § 4< rH » ^ Si u a " "O e ^^« ^ SS g o a o a E-< -H ra T3 ca c o cr\ ■H o- c d Z -H •H 13 iH ;. s o. o fe M a •1= c J- o rH CO 3 c^ cr O o X c •H ■t^ c^ c o e o 3 +> •H +> s i^ O o ■" " "'• r-1 d 0) L, s O c f-i ^ ^ 0) u =3. M> O ^ O K*» o di^ W «M 1 ® X) a M c +» ■H b o a «i g^: O ID ^ c^;^. CM I. OjO 0|0 OjO o^|c»^ jr^lcM j^Jcm (O O O :?J& ^ §& f:^ ^ |- JvO f^ I- ^1 % 1? "H ^r A -lOU- 1^, s> Io o UNO o|o 0|0 0|0 o|o S5 a o i If LfN eg f^ ai ^\°. gJ*^ feft SR CMIO ONlcg f-4^ eolo c^ctn vrjIiH "•g ^p Hi? ig U -^fs -g H^ % ^s« ^l§ % .5 o m o m S ?5' . -105- Pleasant Valley Basin. Ground waters of the Pleasant Valley Basin are derived from Recent and Pleistocene alluvium; the San Pedro formation, of which the principal aquifer is the Fox Canyon aquifer; and to a limited extent, the Santa Baroara formation and Miocene volcanics. The interpre- tation of the character and quality of the ground waters derived from each of these water-Dearing deposits is difficult because of the widespread practice of multiple zone perforation of wells and the folding, faulting, and rapid thinning of formations . To summarize the quality of the waters in the water-bearing de- posits wherein data are available, there is presented in the following tab- ulation the maximum, minimum, average, and median values for total dissolved solids, ooron, and effective salinity for a series of samples collected from 19 wells during the summer of 1952. Chemical property Maximum Minim\Jin Average Median Q.uaternary Alluvium (7 analyses) Total dissolved solids, pom Boron, pom Effective salinity, epm San Pedro Formation (4 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boroii, pprn Effective salinity, epm Fox Canyon Aquifer (7 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm 2878 ikG 2liil 2U5? 1.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 25.2 5.5 18.4 20.6 1381I 568 899 0.6 0.1 0.3 15-9 3.9 8.8 1U92 i46o 10U5 1282 0.6 0.0 0-3 0.3 14.9 3.0 10.3 12.7 -106- The foregoing data show that, in general, the quality of the waters derived from the San Pedro formation and the Fox Canyon aquifer are Class 1 to Class 2 for irrigation purposes. However, certain constituents, notably sulfates and total dissolved solids, generally exceed the recommended limits for domestic use. Comparison of the quality of waters in relation to geo- graphic location indicates that waters derived from the northern and eastern portions of the basin are generally of better quality than those extracted from the central and the southwestern parts . Eighty ground water analyses from 50 wells in Pleasant Valley Basin covering the period 1953 to 195^ are presented in Table H-l^^- of Appendix H. These analyses show no significant changes in the general char- acter or quality of the waters of this basin. Available data indicate that the quality of the water obtained from deposits of Quaternary alluviiim is generally unsuitable for domestic and/or irrigation use. Individual exceptions to this may occur, however, as evidenced by the analysis of well 2N/20W-33Q1 which produces water of good quality. Source of the poor quality water found in this deposit is obscure, but it appears probable that irrigation return is a factor. The character of the ground waters of this basin varies T^rLdely, not only between aquifers, but within aquifers. Generally, the cation character is calcium-sodium, although several wells yield waters of a sodium-calcium character and a few waters show relatively high magnesium percentages. The predominant anion is usually sulfate, although sulfate- bicarbonate and bicarbonate waters are not unusual, particularly in the northern portion of the basin. Comparison of the character of the ground waters of this basin -107- with respect to geographical location and direction of ground water movement, suggests the influence of inflow from Las Posas and Santa Rosa Basins on the character of ground water of Pleasant Valley. The influence of inflow from Santa Rosa basin is particularly noticeable because of the relatively high percentage of magnesium found in the waters from that basin. Over -all studies of ground water in Ventura County indicate that waters derived from volcanic formations nearly always contain a high percentage of magnesium. This char- acteristic provides a convenient indicator with which to trace the movement of waters emanating from volcanic formations . The influence of runoff from the volcanic formations which form the southeastern border of the basin is indicated by analyses of well 2N/20W-33Q1- While the character of water ex- tracted from this well is similar to that emanating from Santa Rosa Basin, hydrologic conditions are such that the hills forming the southeastern border of the basin are the only possible source for water extracted from this well. Calleguas Creek System Ground water basins within the Calleguas Creek System include Simi, East and West Las Posas, Conejo, Tierra Rejada, and Santa Rosa Basins. Simi Basin. The principal water-bearing deposits in Simi Basin are Recent and Pleistocene alluvium. Underlying and flanking the alluvium are semipermeable deposits which yield some water to wells . These include volcanics, the Sespe formation, the upper and lower Llajas formations, the Santa Susana -Martinez formation, and Cretaceous sandstones. In addition, con- siderable quantities of water are imported to the basin from Santa Barbara deposits found in Tapo Canyon which is within the drainage area tributary -108- 2,122 638 1,500 1,587 1.5 0.2 0.6 0.6 17.7 i+.2 11.8 12.6 1,7^^2 ii25 1,272 0.3 <0.1 0.1 20.1 5.6 13.2 to Simi Basin. The quality of the waters derived from each of these deposits, as indicated by analyses of samples collected in the summer of 1952, is sug- gested by the data presented in the following tabulation. Source and chemical property Maximum Minimum Average Median Quaternary Alluvium (I8 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm Cretaceous Deposits (3 analyses) Total dissolved solids, opiii Boron, ppm Effective salinity, enm Gespe Formation (5 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Bcjron, oom Effective salinity, epm Upper Llajas Fonriation (2 analyses ) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm Several water producing foi-mations have been developed to only a limited extent. In four of these formations c. single anali'sis is avaiD. able, which will serve to indicate the quality to be expected. Thoiie analyses are presented in the following tabulation. 1,061 3^ 737 670 0.1 0.0 ' f ■ -109- Formation Tot al s dissolved olids Volcanic rfertinez Lower Llajas Santa Barbara 1 625 ;750 600 Effective Boron salinity, ppm epm <0.1 5.2 0.1 7.1 0.9 19. U <0.1 5.2 Eighty-nine additional ground vmter analyses from 55 wells in Simi Basin; covering the period of 1953 to 1958 ^.re presented in Table K-10 of Appendix H. These analyses show no general changes in quality or character in the ground waters from the Quaternary alluvium.. However, seven analyses of waters from the Cretaceous deposits are available in Table H-10 and show better quality water than indicated by the average in the above summary. Data in the above summary indicate that, while the quality of the waters derived from the alluviiom ranges from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation use, the average and median values are of such magnitude that many of the waters may be misuitable and should be used with caution on the more sensitive crops. Where possible, a larger than normal quantity should be applied to insure that soil solution concentrations do not become so great as to permit appreciable crop damage. Tlie character of waters derived from the alluvium ranges from calciiim sulfate to calcium- sodiujn sulfE.te, although a few analyses show magnesium as the second most important cation. Studies relating the quality of the waters derived from the alluvium with respect to geographic location indicate a gradual increase in the salt con- tent in the ground v^ater from east to west. In general, the waters of poorest quality are found in the western portion of the basin, particularly in Section 8, T. 2 N., R. \Q V/. As may be perceived from inspection of Plate 2, the general direction of ground water movement is from east to west, suggesting that the indicated deterioration is caused by concentration through re-use. Under -110- present conditions of deficient water supply in this valley it is anticipated that this condition will not only continue but becorae increasingly severe. The situation is further complicated by the existence of a poor quality semiperched ground water body in a portion of the westerly end of the basin. This water body serves to prevent dispersion of the salts in irriga- tion return waters. While this protects iirmiediately underlying vmter, it results in serious degradation at points where the semiperched water com- mingles with the pr-ncipal ground water body in the alluviiim. This effect is demonstrated by the very poor quality water found in Section 8j T. 2 W., R. 18 W, beyond the westerly extent of the semiperched body. The existence of the poor quality semiperched water indicates the necessity of careful well construction and abandonment within the areal extent of the semiperched water body to prevent further deterioration of the principal ground water body from this source. There is a paucity of data relative to the quality of the waters derived from the older deposits which bound and underlie the alluvium. However^ waters derived from the Sespe formation appear to oe Class 1 and Class 2 waters and suitable for both domestic and irrigation use, at least within the limited depths from which water is extracted in this basin. The quality of water derived from the other formations ranges from Class 1 to Class 3 and varies widely in character between deposits . The effect of these variations is reflected in the seemingly erratic quality and char- acter of water found in the eastern part of the basin. In this region many of the wells produce from both the alluvium and an underlying forma- tion and it is believed that quality and character fluctuations reflect the influence of water from deeper formations . -Ill- In the latter part of the recent period of subnormal water supply, the water level in Simi Basin was lowered to such an extent that the alluvium was dewatered in part of the eastern area. For this reason, samples collected during this time may be considered representative of waters derived from deeper deposits It appears that water pumped from Cretaceous deposits is of good quality, at least within the limited depths of wells in this valley, while the water derived from the Santa Susana-Martinez formation is variable in quality ranging from poor to good in quality. There is evidence of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in waters extracted from six wells located in the southern and eastern parts of the basin. These wells, Nos. 2N/17W-9F1 and SQ3, and 2N/i8W-1UD2, 15F1, 15J5, and 16g2, derive all or part of their supply from older deposits. The presence of the gas, to- gether with lower than average sulfate content and higher than average bicar- bonate concentrations, suggests the occurrence of sulfate reduction by bacteria of genus Desulfovibrio. The existence of this gas in concentrations normally found in water subjected to sulfate reduction has little effect upon its suit- ability for agriculture use, although it will impart a disagreeable taste and odor to the v/ater . The limited data available indicate that ground waters derived from the Santa Barbara formation in Tapo Canyon are of good quality and suitable for prevalent beneficial uses . East and West Las Posas Basins . Ground water extracted for bene- ficial use in the Las Posas Basins is derived primarily from the Fox Canyon aquifer of the San Pedro formation. However, some water is also pumped from the Epworth gravels, an upper member of the San Pedro formation found primarily in the northern part of the basin; from the Grimes Canyon aquifer, which -112- 1^927 755 2700 2772 2. ,1+ 0. .1 1. '3 1. • 9 50. •9 6. ,0 25. .h 25- ,2 underlies the Fox Canyon formation; and from the Quaternary alluvium. In addition minor amounts of water are produced from scattered lenses of sand and gravel distributed throughout the upper San Pedro formation. A summary of the information obtained from a series of samples collected from wells in this basin during the summer of 1952 follows. Source and chemical property Maximvim Minimum Average Median Quaternary Alluvium (8 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppra Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm Upper San Pedro Formation (10 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm 2530 225 1127 1202 Boron, ppm 1-3 0.1 0.1+ O.U Effective salinity, epm 2U.9 1.2 10.1 11. 5 Epworth Gravels (k analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm 255 206 228 Boron, ppm 0.1 0.1 0.1 Effective salinity, epm l.it- 1.0 1.2 Fox Canyon Aquifer (7 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm 1226 265 6o4 5U7 Boron, ppm O.5 0.0 O.3 0.2 Effective salinity, epm 10. 9 1-5 ^-9 ^-3 Grimes Canyon Aquifer (3 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm IO3O 602 757 Boron, ppm 0.5 0.1 O.3 Effective salinity, epm 8.5 5*6 6.7 It is apparent from these data that the quality of the water produced from the Fox Canyon and Grimes Canyon aquifers and the Epworth Gravels is generally good, wit^ average and median values well below -113- criteria established for both domestic and irrigation use. Conversely, v;ater derived from the Quaternary alluvium appears to be of poor quality and generally unsuitable for most beneficial uses . The quality of water produced from the upper San Pedro formation ranges from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation use. It is noted that many of the wells, particularly those penetrating only to shallow depths in the formation, yield waters of good quality Thirty-seven analyses of ground water from 30 wells in the Los Posas Basins are available for the period of 1953 "to 195&' These analyses shov/ no significant changes in general quality or character of the ground waters, However, it is notable that 10 of Ik analyses of waters from the San Pedro formation showed total dissolved solids content of less than 700 ppm. during this period. The mineral character of water derived from the Epworth Gravels is generally calcium-sodium bicarbonate while the character of water produced from the Fox Canyon aquifer ranges from calcium bicarbonate in East Las Posas Basin to calcium-sodium bicarbonate -sulfate in West Las Posas Basin. It is noted however, that a majority of veils yield waters of calcium oicarbonate character. Waters derived from the Grimes Canyon aquifer range in character from calcium-sodium sulfate to sodium, bicarbonate, while waters derived from the undifferentiated San Pedro formations vary rather widely in character from calcium sulfate to calcium-sodium bicarbonate. Waters derived from vhe alluvium are generally calcium sulfate to calciuin-sodium or calcium-magnesiuir' sulfate in character. With minor exceptions, the bicarbonate anion charactc.-- indicated above is peculiar to basins in the Calleguas Creek system, vrith the result that the influence of ground waters moving from the Las Posas Basins on the character of the ground waters of the northwestern portion of Pleasant -114. Valley Basin is readily discernable. Studies relating the quality of waters from each of the aquifers or formations on an areal basis revealed little significant information. However, the wide difference in quality between the waters of the Quaternary alluvium and those derived from deeper formations indicates the necessity for the promulgation and utilization of adequate standards for well con- struction and abandonment . Santa Rosa Basin. Ground water of Santa Rosa Basin is derived from three formations: Recent alluvium, Miocene volcanics, and the San Pedro formation. The latter formation can be divided into two parts, one of which is probably the equivalent of the Fox Canyon aquifer, which may be traced in the western portion of the valley. The other part is gener- ally silty and is found throughout the central and eastern portion of the valley. The silty deposits include lenses of sand and gravel which con- tain extractable ground water. Data tabulated below from a series of samples collected during the summer of 1952 indicate the general quality of the waters derived from each of the three water-bearing formations. Source and chemical property Maximum Minimum Average Median San Pedro Formation (7 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm Volcsuiic Formation {k analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm -115- 8U2 552 Gkh 608 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 5.8 3.2 1^.7 ^.3 658 528 583 0.6 0.1 0.3 — 7.7 3.8 5.1 -- Source and chemical property Maximum Minimuni Average Median Recent Alluvium (l analysis) Total dissolved solids, ppm 719 Boron, pom 0.6 Effective salinity, epm 6.2 The data indicate that gj'ound waters of Santa Rosa Basin are of good quality and suitable for prevalent beneficial uses. The most imfjortant catio , in nearly all of the ground water of this valley is magnesium, and in nearly all instances the predominant anion is bicarbonate. Twenty-two additional analyses of ground water from 12 wells within this basin are available covering the period 1953 to 1958 and are presented in Table H-13 of Appendix H. These analyses show no significant changes in water quality or character. Tierra Rejada Basin. Ground water in the Tierra Rejada Basin is derived almost entirely from highly fractured volcanic rock. Availaole analyses indicate water nroduced from these rocks to be of excellent quality and suitable for nrevalent beneficial uses. The maximum total dissolved solids concentration is less than 600 parts per million, effective salinities are generally less than 5 epm, and the boron content is less than O.k ppm. The cho.racter of ground water is magnesium-calcium bicarbonate, illustrating tlie high magnesium nercentage typical of water derived from volcanic forma- tions in Ventura County. Conejo Basin. Ground water in Conejo Basin is principally derived from fissures and weathered zones in the volcanic rock, although water is i■'^■^n '.roriuced fi'Oip. (.Idcr ;4cd i.mentary formations, sucii as the :^odeIo and Topanga sandstones and shales. The alluvium in this basin is very -110- thin and not considered significant as a source of ground water. The quality of waters extracted from the volcanic, Topanga, and Modelo formations is presented in the following summary, based upon sample? collected in June and July, 1952 » Source and chemical property Maximum Minimum Average Median 1118 353 631 511 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 10.9 2,0 5.1 ^■3 2061+ 726 13^^ 0,2 0.1 0.1 — 21.1 5.9 13.2 " 1355 kok 0.1 0.0 — — 12.0 2.8 — — Volcanic Formation (11 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm Modelo P' ormation (^ analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm Topanga Formation (2 analyses) Total dissolved solids, ppm Boron, ppm Effective salinity, epm The data indicate that, in general, water extracted from the volcanic forraation is of good quality and suitable for the prevalent bene- ficial uses . The quality of waters produced from the other formations appears to vary from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation purposes, but data available are too meager for accurate evaluation. Seventy-one analyses of ground water from i+0 wells within Conejo Basin covering the period 1953 "to 1958 are presented in Table H-15 of Appendix H. These analyses show large variations in quality of waters extracted from each of the producing formations and no significant changes in character or quality. -117- The character of ground water produced from the volcanic formation generally ranges from magnesium-calciurd bicarbonate to calcium-magnesium oicar- bonate. The character of waters derived from the Modelo and Topanga formation;: varies from calcium -magnesium bicarbonate to magnesiuia- calcium sulfate, v;ith the ooorcr quality v/aters usually being calcium sulfate in character. In this basin the preponderance of poorer quality water is found in the vi<;inity of Section "-j, T. 1 N., W, IS' W., where water is derived from the Topan.";a and Modelo formations . i'-iall >u Crcel< oystem Information concerning ground water quality in this drainage systen is limited to analyses of sampies collected from a few of the wells drilled in Hidden and Russell Valleys. The scarcity of available data permits only a genera] evaluation of the quality and character of the ground waters , Ground waters of hidden Valley are derived primarily from fissures in volcanic rocks and from overlying alluvium. The quality of ground water anpears to be good, with total dissolved solids concentrations less than 800 ppm, effective salinity values less than 6 epm, and boron concentrations less than 0.5 ppm. The character usually varies from calcium bicarbonate to cal- cium-magnesium oicarbonate. Ground vraters of Russell Valley are produced from alluvium, volcanic, Toranga, and Itodelo formations. These vmters range in quality from Class 1 to Class 3 for irrigation use, with total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from about UOO oo 280O upm, and effective snUnity values ranging from about 2.5 to over ?£> cpm. Insufficient data are available to enable differentiation of the quality of water from different deposits or to determine sources of poor ■118- quality waters. The character of ground water in this valley varies from sodium bicarbonate to calciuin -magnesium sulfate. Quality of Prospective Imported Supplemental Suppli e s On the oasis of presently planned future water supply development in California, there are two possible sources from which a supplemental water supply could be imported into Ventura County. These sources are the Colo- rado River, from which water could be imported through facilities of The Metropolitan v/ater District of Southern California, and surplus v/aters from northern California to be conveyed in the facilities of the authorized Feather River Project of the State of California. Colorado River Water Either natural or softened Colorado River v/ater could be imported into Ventura County, depending on the location of the connection made to the Metropolitan Water District System. The mineral quality of the treated and natural waters is indicated by the analyses presented in Table 11, entitled "Mineral Analyses of Natural and Softened Colorado River V/ater". These data indicate that the natural waters have sodium-calcium sulfate character similar to that of many waters of Ventura County, particularly in the Santa Clara River valley, and are of better quality than most of the ground vrater in Ventura County. The softened water is sodiurn sulfate in character, with a total dissolved solids concentration nearly the same as that for the unsoftened water. The softened water has a high sodium per- centage and would therefore be less desirable for prolonged irrigation of certain crops . -119- -P 3 C -H QJ X} o o 1 1 •' CO cn CJ -H >i Fi «H •H r-l -P a CO o -H n, LP> Ml 4-> Ti H rH a< H m o O O CO a.) H W CO -=!■ m Dj CO VD O O ri rH +>• \o X CO LTN f\l O OJ •\ w rH -=1- J- o o r-i M3 rH O o H CO r-\ o H 0) Of c U Q) 3 ■P -P <*H (0 C^ ■P o to OO ■rl P 5 AMD CO LPv ■P o\ •H rH H O •N ftrH O U >> •p r-i (U 13 S •^ -p tJ (h O O •H ft ?H v rH OS s +> o c (I s 3 $ rH a ^ -120- San Joaquin Valley - Southern California Aqueduct System The San Joaquin Valley - Southern California Aqueduct System author- ized by the Legislature in 19^1 provides, among other things, for the export of surplus waters available in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to areas of deficiency in southern California. Water will be transported to the San Luis Reservoir for storage an,d regulation prior to delivery to the San Joaquin Valley service area and to southern California. A study of the mineral quality of water which may be expected under the most adverse conditions has been made. In this study, an evalu- ation of the effect of the San Luis Reservoir water to be delivered south has been made. These studies reflected the effect of evaporation losses in the reservoir but canal losses were assumbed to be negligible. As a result of these detailed studies, it was found that the water to be deliv- ered to southern California under the most adverse conditions would not exceed a mean monthly value of 300 ppm total dissolved solids, kO ppm chlorides, and 15O ppm total hardness. The mean annual value of water diverted for use in southern California based on the mean of an historic eight-year drought period is 200 ppm total dissolved solids, 30 ppm chloride, and 100 ppm total hardiless. The mineral character of the water will be calcium bicarbonate with each constituent less than 100 ppm. Detailed Information on recommended limits for other constituents is presented in Chapter III of Bulletin No. 3:> "The California Water Plan", State Department of Water Resources, May, 1957- On the basis of these studies, it is apparent that northern Cali- fornia surplus waters planned for export to southern California will be of -121- ^ 1 better mineral quality than any of the existing water supplies In Ventura County The cation character will be calcium similar to most of the waters In Ventura County. The anion character, however, Is bicarbonate as opposed to sulfate whlci^ Is predominate In most of the water supplies In Ventura County. This difference should not cause or create any problems or difficulties upon mixing. Quality of Tidal Waters Tidal waters In Ventura County consist almost entirely of saline waters from the Pacific Ocean. The mineral quality of these waters Is typified by the following analysis of a san^ile collected from the ocean near the Inter- section of West 5th Street and Beach Road, Ventura County, In May, 1953' Cations epm ppm ' Apions epm ppm Ca 20.3 k06 HCOo S05 2.k lh8 Mg 108.5 1,318 55.3 2,650 Wa U66.0 10,700 CI 535.0 19,000 K 10.5 4o8 N03 0.2 12 Boron — 3 Total dissolved solids ppm 3^,7^6 The mineral quality of tidal waters Is affected by high flood flows In the Ventura and Santa Clara Rivers and Calleguas Creek. The effect of such flows, however, Is temporary and limited In extent. Tidal waters receive oil brine wastes near the mouth of the Ventura River, cannery wastes In Hueneme Harbor and combined Industrial wastes car- ried In the Industrial outfall at Oxnard. The voliame of these Industrial -122- 1 wastes is such that their effect upon the mineral quality of tidal waters is negligible. Sanitary wastes are discharged to the ocean, via ocean outfalls, by the cities of Ventura and Oxnard, the Port Hueneme Sanitary District, and the U. S. Naval Construction Battalion Center at Port Hueneme. Sani- tary wastes from the U. S. Naval Air Missile Test Center are discharged into tidal waters of Mugu Lagoon. The effect of these discharges on the mineral quality of tidal waters is insignificant but their effect upon sanitary quality is important. The los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board has adopted waste discharge requirements for all discharges except those by the naval installations. At this time the discharges to tidal waters do not appear to have adversely affected beneficial uses. However, as the population grows and larger areas are sewered, the dis- charges of wastes to tidal waters will increase, with attendant pollution problems . Summary During periods of high flow, the quality of waters in the sur- face streams of Ventura County is generally suitable for nearly all bene- ficial uses. However, during periods of relatively low flov/-, certain of these streams contain siAfficient concentrations of total dissolved solids, or of a particular constituent, notably boron, to render them marginal or unsuitable for some uses . Streams which contain high concentrations of total dissolved solids include Canada Larga, Hopper Creek, Santa Clara River near Blue Cut, Arroyo Simi, and Tapo Creek. Streams which contain high concentrations of boron during lov/ flow periods include Matilija, Sespe, and Piru Creeks. -123- The quality of ground water derived from Recent and Pleistocene de- posits in Ventura County ranges from suitable to unsuitable, with the pre- ponderance of the waters becoming of marginal quality for prevailing beneficial uses during periods of below normal water supply. For domestic, municipal, and industrial uses the ground waters are, almost without exception, "very hard". Waters of good mineral quality are generally produced from the Miocene volcanics in Conejo, Tierra Rejada and Santa Rosa Basins. Waters derived from normally semipermeable Tertiary deposits, which are capable of yielding only minor quantities of water, are generally of very poor quality and contain high con- centrations of calcium and sulfate. In areas where antecedent data are available, it is indicated that the quality of ground water has deteriorated measurably during the past 20 years . In nearly all of the 17 ground water basins in Ventura County there are areas of good quality water and areas of very poor quality water. There are notable areas of good quality water in Conejo, Ix)s Posas, Ojai, Santa Rosa, and Tierra Rejada i3asins. Specific areas v/here the quality of ground water is such that it is essentially unusable include the Recent alluvial deposits of the Lower Ventura River Basin and the semiperched ground water body of the Oxnard Plain Basin. Poor quality waters in other basins ran^e from marginal to coirpletely unsuitable. The extent of such poor quality water, however, is usually confined to localized areas. -12U- I CHAPTER VI. WATER QUALITY PROBLMS Deleterious effects on the quality of water are generally mani- fested as a consequence of surface and ground water deficiencies^ lack of drainage, ajnd improper disposal of wastes. Problems of water quality are common to nearly all other water problems. In order to provide for the maximum beneficial uses of the available water supplies^ thus mini- mizing the necessity for the importation of costly supplies from other areas of the state^ it is necesssiry that every practicable effort to maintain the existing quality of locally available waters be made. Man's development has characteristically exerted an adverse effect upon the native quality of waters. Most uses of water by man, for irrigation, for instance, as well as for the disposal of sewage and industrial wastes, add pollutants to the waters with resultant deteri- oration in quality. Hence, as these uses increase, the necessity for adequate treatment and disposal of waste waters becomes increasingly imperative if the quality is to be maintained at satisfactory levels for the higher beneficial uses. This is particularly true in areas of de- ficiency, for the quality of imported waters must be maintained at suf- ficiently high levels to permit necessary re-use. In numerous coastal ground water basins normally containing fresh water, overdraft conditions have resulted in the intrusion of sea water into the aquifers, the natural \inderground formations which store and transmit water. This has been caused by reversal of the natural sea- ward ground water gradient due to excess of pumped extractions over the natural ground water replenishment. The restoration of basins wtiich have -125- been lost to sea-water intrusion, or to any other type of impairment, will be a long process - if possible at all. Saline water must be physically removed, either by pumping or by maintenance of favorable gradients for an extended period. Potential sources of quality degradation from deep connate brines and adverse salt balance also exist. Connate brines are ocean waters that were trapped in ground water basins which were inundated ii? past geologic periods . Salt balance refers to that desirable condition wherein the amount of soluble salts entering a basin is balanced by the amount of salts leaving a basin, either by natural disposal, sewage outflow, or by pumping for export. The extent of adverse salt balance in ground water basins is not known at the present time, due to the lack of long-term records of mineral analyses. In the process of drilling and altering wells, improper methods are being employed in many instances. Such practices may result in an inadequate seal between strata of usable and unusable waters, thus allowing interchange, and degradation or pollution of ground water. Lack of adequate surface seals may permit inflow of inferior surface waters with consequent damage to ground vfater quality. Likewise, failure to seal abandoned wells, or improper seal- ing when attempted, may result in pollution of ground water. These problems are rapidly becoming more serious as older well casings deteriorate and are abandoned and the drilling of new wells continues at an unprecedented rate. Disastrous results may be caused by disposal of inadequately treated sewage and industrial wastes to streams and to ground water basins. Waste disposax problems may arise not only from liquid-borne wastes Dut also from disposal of garbage, refuse, and industrial wastes. Every effort must be made -126- to maintain the quality of available waters by appropriate planning for, and control of, the treatment and disposal of wastes, giving consideration to the effect of such waste disposal upon future planned uses as well as the present uses of the receiving waters. To this end the Legislature in 19^9 created the State and 9 Regional Water Pollution Control Boards to exercise authority over the disposal of wastes. Problems of water quality may be broadly classified as resulting from (l) degradation from natural causes, or (2) impairment as the result of cultural development. This chapter discusses the various sources of impair- ment and degradation which have altered or may, in the future, affect the mineral quality of surface and ground waters of Ventura County. Degradation from Natural Sources Degradation from natural sources results in the deterioration of surface and ground water supplies through the introduction and commingling of native waters of poor quality. In Ventura County, such poor quality waters usually exist in marine sedimentary deposits of Tertiary age or older. Because of the tightness of the older soils and formations, these deposits have not been entirely leached of the more soluble salts . In some instances, these waters may be connate waters which have been released by changes in hydrologic or geologic cond.itions. Surface and ground v/aters in Ventura County have been subjected to degradation by natural sources in many instances . Boron concentration in the low flow of several streams is above the safe limit for irrigation use on highly sensitive crops. Several of the smaller creeks and streams in Ventura County discharge waters containing high salt concentrations, particularly during periods of low flow. -127- Basins v;here ground water has been degraded by poor quality v.'aters from natural sources include Upper Ojai, l^iru, Fillmore, and Santa Paula Easins. There are three v/ells in the eastern end of Upper Ojai Basin which have been degraded oy high chloride waters. In PLru Basin, in the vicinity of the mouth of Firu Creek, ground waters occur which (;ontain high concentrations of boron. To the south of Piru, Fillmore, and Santa Paula Basins, there are wells v/hlch apparently have been degraded by ground vraters moving from the older formations oounding these basins. In addition, it seems probable that some degradation of ground v/aters in nonpressure areas has occurred as a result of deep perco- lation of poor quality waters near the mouths of the numerous small streams. Impairment as a Result of Cultural Development In the normal processes of day-to-day living in any developed area, wastes which may have a degrading effect on the quality of surface and ground waters are produced. These wastes include irrigation return water, effluents from industrial operations, sev^age, and miscellaneous wastes produced by the population inhabiting the area. Continued pumpage and utilization of water from ground water basins may result in adverse salt balance. Intrusion of saline ocean water may occur in aquifers outcropping under the sea if piezo- metric levels are depressed below sea level for protracted periods. Irrigation Return Water Evaporation and transpiration consume much of the water applied to irrigated crops with little or no effect on the quantity of dissolved minerals originally contained in the water. As a result, the portion of applied v/ater -128. which percolates below the root zone contains a higher concentration of dis- solved minerals than the water from which it was derived. It has been esti- mated that the salt concentration in this residual water ranges from two to over eight times that in the water originally applied. This effect prevails despite the precipitation of certain salts, as described in Appendix F, "Evaluating the Quality of Irrigation Waters in Ventura County" . In Ventura County, where large land areas are devoted to irrigated agriculture, the percolation and commingling of irrigation return water with underlying ground water supplies can result in appreciable degradation of the over -all quality of the ground water. Derivation of the magnitude of such degradation involves determination and analysis of a large number of variables. Intensive studies leading to definition and solution of the intricate chemical relationships involved are presently being accomplished by the Department of Water Resources. The over-all effect of the n\;unerous known or suspected sources of degradation are described by using the con- cept of salt balance, as discussed later in this chapter. In basins where free ground water table conditions prevail, such as Piru, Fillmore, and Ojai Basins, irrigation return water percolates directly to, and commingles with, the underlying ground water. Degradation attributable to this source is, therefore, fairly evenly distributed over the basin. Its effect is usually recognizable as a gradual increase in the salt concentrations of ground waters as they move downstream under the prevailing hydraulic gradient. In areas where semiperched bodies of water occur, as on the Oxnard Plain and in Pleasant Valley, Simi, and Las Posas Basins, irriga- tion return water percolates to a semiperched water zone and remains as a -129- body of poor quality water vhich may affect underlying aquifers containing waters of better quality. Degradation of good quality water may occur by sla percolation through tight, materials underlying the semiperched zone, movement around discontinuous clay lenses which support the semiperched zone, and/or interconnection of aquifers through broken well casings, improperly construct or abandoned wells, or gravel-packed wells. Ground water basins in Ventura County wherein degradation is consid ered to have occurred as the result of the downward migration of irrigation return water include Oxnard Plain, Santa Paula, Mound, Simi, and Cone jo Basins In Santa Paula Basin three wells yield v;ater which may have been degraded by poor quality semiperched water migrating to the principal aquifer, apparently through casing leaks in the wells . In the Oxnard aquifer of the Oxnard Plain Basin, ground waters be- tween the City of Oxnard and the Forebay Basin, and on the periphery of the Forebay Basin, are generally inferior in quality to those waters found through- out the balance of the aquifer. It appears that this inferior quality may be due to the downward movement of semiperched water through the clay cap. Inter- connection of aquifers by wells improperly constructed or abandoned may also contrioute to the degradation of the water in the Oxnard aquifer Ground waters in the alluvium of the western part of Simi Valley appear to have been degraded by semiperched waters moving downstream from a limited pressure area which exists in this basin. It also seems possible that poorly constructed or aoandoned wells have allowed ingress of poor quality semi perched water at other points in the pressure portion of this basin. Some deterioration from irrigation return water may also have occurred in the oJdcr To-ann-.f! o.nd Modclo formations which occur in Conejo Basin. -130- From the foregoing discussion it is apparent that wells improperly constructed or abandoned and wells with leaky casings are providing a conven- ient route through which semiperched waters may migrate to and deteriorate the mineral quality of important ground water aquifers in Ventura County. It appears that appropriate action should be taken to establish standards for the construction and abandonment of wells in areas where interconnection of aquifers may result in degradation of ground waters. Sevage Sevrage is defined in the Water Code as "any and all waste sub- stance, liquid or solid, associated with human habitation, or which con- tains or may oe contaminated with human or animal excreta or excrement, offal, or any feculent matter". The organic increment normally associated with sewage can be readily reduced or removed by treatment. However, the contribution of dissolved mineral salts resulting from the utilization of water for domestic purposes is not removed by ordinary treatment processes. According to Publication No. 9 of the California State Water Pollution Con- trol Board, entitled "Waste Water Reclamation and Utilization", the incre- ment of total dissolved solids contributed to domestic sewage will, on the average, range from 100 to 3OO ppm. In areas where sewage treatment and disposal facilities result in planned or incidental recharge to ground water, some deterioration in ground water quality will undoubtedly occur. The principal sewage .treatment plants in Ventura County are listed in Table 12, entitled "Sanitary Sewage Treatment Plants, Ventura County", together with pertinent information concerning plant facilities, method and volume of discharge, and effect on receiving waters. The -131- locatioiio O.I;' the v. rluur; plant:; ure dslineated on Plate 12, entitled. "Oil Fields ■ nd \f ate Dinch- rge Lccl tion:;" . Miner.v.l and sanit-j-ry anclyaej of the plant effluents are presented in Table D.3 oi' / ppendix i). The Los ruigele.-j Re.gional wc.,ter Pollution Control Board h;,s pre- crlbed v; ate di.schar,D;e :oe.- uirementa for all :,;ew; ge tref.-tment plantc except the City of Ventura and the United States naval instullatiors . In all Cosen where dischc-rgea ire to lind the Bocrd has also prescribed ground water monitoring progrc;in3 to determine the effects of the discharges on receiving -132- o tM »< o p +> •H ^ o -a +> TJ Tj -rt " O 3 K ■P cd 0) -H +» c +» « I § O III rH X: O til T! u 0) 3 -H .S S; S' c O III to 4^ n1 •H hS 3 g o •a +» +» 0> C > t. o w qS ti ■o +> -o c ■H X E O CN Q 8 ni a rH tlj w >> rH d , ■H T E O vH -H -P Q> W -H W TJ rH t, t, (L, O 0) -H a< 0< -P -O 01 »4 b^ Id -o Id L, 73 -H I, 73 +» a Id §^S § Id "H r-t ■p U S- +» £ • 0. 01 +> ■^ >» 01 rH •> C 5 CO •. L, •H C ■rl ij 3 C Id T3 «H -W -a C -rt -P ■H c: oi M -P (d C m 4^ ■p C a) 3 >> -H c ,-n C 0) ^ rH -H (m i -^^ 5; r E t, •H fH rH (0 f, t. ^ rH Hi t? " ■ri " s 1^ 1 T3 00 ■r^ 0) 3 •H L, to U. 4> T3 a. — - C o ti Id o ■rl »4 Id c -n C *< X) -H -P ® •H S3 t< to c/} o n o 1} ^5 3 o ■•» ?5 ttO-rl ^fc - a » 6s n 3 o ■a +s a (-J o cd 0< M CO 10 o. d 5^ •rt +> a) lu . s • Go O « tH to to -d 2: o cd o> to -P rt a (ft 1X1 X ■13^- l-H T3 rH fc, C-; C o a) g^^is-S 5*" & a o ■t^ +> ^ +» o ^§^ fe o o oj V -a 3 a. 3 w r-1 3 OS O «> O ,^ 0) ^ t, E Oi pa -p o U Ig O g C ■rt ■H C «( to r^ r»r-t -rt g O 1« •H i>j tio . ■d S -^ 3 o o a o 'H 1 O +? ^ -H a r-1 -o +» » •S -rt o to C 73 Vl 10 O © ^ -H to bp >, "H 4* >» W 0) fl t, iH -a » -H a >: c •« 5) a O O TJ o t, t: <» ^ Jd p< 4» to «: o ^ ^3 » o to o o ^ C 10 0) o •H t> to to O ■H O Tt S -O J t» • o b 4 «•■ !^ fe> *" -5 «« J3 -O to d 'O « tt C 0) +> +3 o ^i^ c S d us ■H s a T3 I IS 3 -3 o ^ +s +» +» in l?N (Q 01 (0 fl tr\ O M M (O r-! As stated, domestic use of water adds on the average between 100 and 300 ppm total dissolved solids. The estimated incremental quantities of salts, in sewage annually discharged in such a manner that it can percolate to economi- cally important ground water bodies in the Ventura River, Santa Clara River, and CalD.eguas Creek systems, are presented in the following tabulation. In the instance of sewage treatment plants, discharge volumes based upon metered flows were used where available. In other areas, estimates were aased upon the average increment, average sewage disposal of 70 gallons per capita per day and population estimates as obtained from a report to the County of Ventura entitled "Ventura County Waste Disposal Study". Estimated quantity of salts discharged tons per year Source of discharge Minimum Maximum Ventura River System Above Foster Park Ojai Sewage Treatment Plant 50 Ik^ Cesspools and septic tanks k^ 13^ TOTALS 95 280 Santa Clara River System Above Oxnard PD.aln Basin Santa Paula Sewage Treatment Plant 150 U50 Saticoy Sanitary District Sewage Treatment Plant 25 70 Fillmore Sewage Treatment Plant 45 140 Cesspools and septic tanks 355 1065 TOTALS 575 1725 Calleguas Creek System Cesspools and septic tanks 135 ItOO TOTALS 135 400 -1' It is apparent from the foregoing tabulation that, in the areas con- sidered, discharges to cesspools and septic tanks constitute the principal nietho of disposal of sewage. V/hile the over-all effect of these disposals is certain to result in deterioration of ground water, it is considered that the individual effect of discharges to private disposal systems on the mineral quality of re- ceiving waters is of minor significance. On the other hand, the concentration of effluent discharges from community sevage treatment plarts may have a noticeable effect upon ground water in the vicinity of the discharge. The only sewage treatment plants in Ventura County discharging large quantities of sewage effluent to streams or percolation ponds are the Cities of Fillmore, Ojai, and Santa Paula, the Saticoy Sanitary District, and the Camarillo State Hospiteil. The discharges of the Cities of Ojai and Santa Paula, the Saticoy Sanitary District, and the Camarillo State Hospital were investigated and memorandum reports were made to the Los Angeles Water Pollution Control Board (No. k) in June and July, 195^- As of the date of sur>/ey, it did not appear that degradation of groxmd water had occurred as a result of these discharges. In the Santa Paiola and Ojai Basins, however, recent mineral analyses of ground water indicate that mineral concentrations have increased in ground waiters below the effluent disposal site. It is probable that the higher concentrations of dissolved salts are due, at least in part, to dis- charges from these plants. A memorandiim report was also made in March, 1955> to the Los Angeles Water Pollution Control Board (No. k) concerning the proposed waste discharge from the City of Fillmore sewage treatment plant. The effects of this dis- charge on the receiving waters are not yet known. -136- Industrial Waste The production, manufacture, or processing of many marketable goods results in the production of waste materials or solutions requiring disposal. In some instances, industries by means of reprocessing can evolve a market- able product from such wastes. In the majority of cases,, however, disposal of the waste is made by the most convenient and economical means available, commensurate veith public welfare. The mineral quality of wastes may r8.nge from innocuous vrastes containing little, if any, dissolved or water soluble salts to wastes con- taining acids, caustics, toxic substances or high concentrations of minerals. Where these latter wastes are disposed to land, especially in areas where movement to surface streams or percolation to economically important ground water bodies may occur, pollution or contamination m.ay result. In areas such as Ventura County, where the quality of much of the water supply is marginal, the addition of such wastes may ultimately render the water supply unfit for domestic or irrigation use. Industries in Ventura County which produce waste containing rela- tively high concentrations of dissolved minerals include the petroleum in- dustry and citrus, walnut, and vegetable processing and packing plants. Other sources of degradants are the by-products of the regeneration of industrial and domestic water softeners, and salts leached from industrial and domestic wastes which have been deposited in dump sites. The methods of disposal and their effect on water supplies have been the subject of investigations and reports by the former Division of V/ater Resources and the Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. U). In the -137- paragraphs to follow there is presented a summary of information found as a result of these surveys and such additional data as were gathered in the course of the investigations for this report. Oil Industry. One of the major industries in Ventura County is the ex- traction of oil from subterranean formations. Coincident with this extraction, a waste water which usually contains high concentrations of dissolved minerals and small quantities of oil is obtained. Newly drilled oil wells generally have a low production of brines in relation to their oil production. However, as a well or a field grovfs older, the brine production generally increases and oil production decreases. According to figures obtained from the State of California, Division of Oil and Gas, oil production from the 15 oil fields of Ventura County during the period July 1, 1951^ to June 30> 1952, exceeded 37 million barrels. Waste production for the same period was estimated to exceed eight million barrels. In an investigation of oil waste disposal practices in Ventura County for the Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board, it was found that ultimate disposal of oil field waste waters could be made to the Pacific Ocean, to injection wells, or to sumps or stream channels. When properly controlled, the first two disposal practices cause no pollution of fresh or saline waters. The disposal of oil field waste waters to permeable stream channels or to un- lined sumps can be a serious pollution hazard to both surface and ground water. Statistical data respecting discharges are summarized for each of the oil fields in Ventura County in Table 13, entitled "Summary of Oil Waste Disposal Data, Ventura County". Disposal practices, areas of disposal, and effects on receiving waters are summarized in Table Ik, entitled "Oil Waste Disposal Practices, Ventura County". Typical mineral analyses of oil brines are presented -138- in Table 15, entitled 'TjTio^l Mineral jinalyses of Oil Field Wtsteo, Ventura County". Tliese latter data indicate the highly mineralized character of the waste . In the report entitled "Ventura County Oil W=ste Investigation", June, I95U, prepared for the Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Bocrd by the former Division of Water Resources, it was estimated that the brine disposed of annually contained approximately 27,^+00 tons of salt. It was concluded that the disposal of oil field waste w ters in the South Mount .in, Sespe, Bardsdale, Piru, Temescal, and Simi Oil Fields and the unconfined dis- charges and spill from sumps in portions of the Ventura Avenue, Ojai, and Santa Paula Oil Fields constituted a threat of pollution to ground waters in Ventura County. Acting on the data and conclusions reached in these reports the Regional Board took immediate steps to correct discharge practices which were considered as a source of pollution or ;- threat of pollution. In virtually all cases improper waste disposal practices were voluntarily corrected by the industry. V/herever appropriate, waste discharge require- ments have been prescribed by the Regional Board. ■139- !h -P > O -H M •> M O o^ O •H p^ a o •> 3 K^ "> Tj f-l CM ■ O 3 UTN ft rH QJ O -> C -rH 0) ■H jh g e a !=! W X3 o a •^ ^^ -p w nj » a 3 o -> u = B a o p aj a bD > +> O P ft w Ci rH O M rH +i J-l cd oJ •H ^ bOiA p O.I o c-4- f\ 4) c > O a M P X <« + Tt rH $ a crt 1 (A tvt n< q Q W H -140- JC -H r^i -C -H rH 0) J2 o o -P 0) ho 3 o IB ■¥> ^ h «H n E ^ W j: t. 1-5 +> (D 13 ?H +> 3 Ai U ■p •a HI a 3 S (D > t* 0) o T? m (d ^ (< Cj £ O rH o ^ J58 t* --^ S © > i> .CO ^ i4 o « o t* *< .H 73 * C Q ri C »H a) S M a a > a. d c CD 3 C S ^ t. o V ® ^ <« «> > o « C ^ -H t, O (d C 3 ■a +» o +» i-i C -P E o 3 c o s w ■< > «, T3 g s. -< to ^ T3 TJ t. t. 01 &- ffi ■•» 15 M § 5 to « -n ^ (. o s t-i a. 5^ 4-1 CO o § °> •^ 0} u •H >< » 3 0) > O. X XI T3 ?- e A §§S =g^ § § 3s: ^t & |5 ■H a> t4 o -3 -^ lO x) -li|-2- TJ W r-l ft> TJ (J > -H a ♦^ i-l cH O, O O o O. f- tn U) M •rt 13 pa S. o. e^ o s fH O J- o 1/) c O c •rt o f-l ■H iH i-l a en e; (. o u p. K a c f rH en a ! o 3 o* t4 c •H U +^ B d 1 z «fH +> t: o o ^ t. 0) c •H S d L> ?. VO O o ■atlo O l/N •M 1-1 d Q. ° i n § ^ § •H -H •t' • +> «-l rH C « d O O. -rt . 8 § a". J M C/l •a .H rH •H » O -rt l» 1 tt-^ r-ilcn OD|m r^ • III op o|o tMitN LOjtN cmIcm vsla- ^ If 31;^ oiin rvit^ o|\o oifH oiih oicm irvp oivo oi DJ • UNO t~-l(TS O L-l o| . Oj . rHJ . O 3n IT^It--, oIl mIo cnI • f-tl • oj|cn v^Iltn c^oa m:>Ic^ WI • C^liH onIc rics t~~. Lr ,-tl r^l3■ ^''^ M 1^ "^l 'S'- 1o OflTv o . | OIJ C^O f-vKO r-tir-i CNlO t-400 ^fS 3luS CM • t^-l • cr^. iri • CO ds c-r» crJ . cnI . colcM tJ . fjd^' |cD ^|m |cM H jt-^ (md |vj5 Izr |>-H |c5 M S^o ^ Hl/N OlO C^Jl- d % 1:- Jj-ION col ON OIC-N CTNlm VOlrH OnJcO *>P|^^ JSJCTN 3 ^ ^^^ 31^ H^ ^ ■H |cg |o |vo |tH |cM ^ ci uL s; S. ^ ^4 S3 DC « eg UN 1-1 fH fe-fi c^ f~. -^ .J ? ^ n S. 'A eg e m ^ ^ vH ■H d A -143- Citrus Packing P l--.nts . In order to inhibit L.poilsge, cjtruo fruit ij w£shed, cleaned, given fungicidsl tre'jtment, and . final rince uri^;r to p;tckinfi for shipment. Agents cororoonly urjed in this ti-eattnent v.re "Red 3t- :>' Cryox.ali;", soap, bcrax. scda '-oh, 3odiu>n hypochlorite, -^r.d "Decco''. Thei^e r.gents muy be used alone or in combination. V.'oKtes from citrui.; packing plants consist of w;ter ndxcd with the vs.riou3 chemical agents used to f. cilitate wi^shing snd fungicidal treatment. Discharges consist primarily of dumping of i-he final rinse tankc; and occa-stonal draining of washing tanks. Mlnersl analyses of various types of packing pl^nt wastes are presented in Table l6. entitled "Mineral Analyses of Citrus Packing Plant V/astes". The d-.ta in this table reveal a considerable variation in the chemical composition of the different types of wastes. Total dissolved solids range from over 2^1.000 ppm for borax treatment zo 2,700 ppm for "Decco" treat- ment. The pH ranger; from 1.8 for "Decco" waste to over 10 for combinations of soap and "Red Star Crystals". It is noted that all of the wastes with the exception of that from the "Decco" treatment contain high concentrations of boron and a high percentage of sodium. Boron concentrations exceeding one part per million have ^n adverse affect on boron sensitive crops, and the effect of sodium, degr-'idation can assume widespread proportions. It Is apparent that packing plant wastes have a serious potential effect upon the quality of ground water. -1^4)4- T/.BLI'. 16 MINERAL AW/d.YSES OF CITRUS PACKING PLANT WASTES' (Constituents in parts per million) Type cf waste ,| Calciiim ij Mignesium i Sodium Pot --■ 3 s iuni Hydroxide Carbonate Bic^irbonate Chloride Sulphate Nitrrce Boron Bor.x (Bi^O ) Tot'l solids Tot ,1 hc.rdne: 'H Sodium Bor-v.x Soda y.sh i:,nd hypo- chlorite 1.8 9.6 9.06 8.9 122.5 60.5 9 59 68 3; 670° 5 6.6 138 6,008 2, 170 5.2 26.3 21.6 1,250 171 .._ 4,160 hl2 640 -- 2 , 940 l,82i6 110.0 101 790 505 6U6.0 8SU 368 1.0 2.8 Tr. . ce 4.0 0.9 5.6 4,58.? 328 -- -- 16,450 -- 2.700 li(,l66 24,0U0 10,300 586 263 58 174 3^ 96 99.7 97 Soap o.nd Red Star Cryst.-as 10.1 12.5 30 1,290 36 200 1,400 44 870 5.5 4,670 154 c)'3 ■n From 'Progress Report on Possible Ground W-.ter Pollution from Waste W::.ter Produced from Citrus Packing Plc.nts in Ventur-- County C -■ 1 if orni •■; " , /.ugu st, 195l(-'-'''^. b Approxira-tely 400 ppra of this sodium is contained in organic compounds such cs soe.ps of the fatty acids. V.'iste discharges from citrus packing; pl'-nts vere investigated ;.;.nd reported upon by the Los Angeles Regional W= ter Pollution Control Bo.ra (No. 4) in August, 1951. The results of th; t investigation are reported in the "Prc^greis Report on Possible Ground V/ater Pollution from V;..nte W-ter Produetd (.17) from the Citruo Packing Pl.^nt;.; in Venture County".^ ' The following infcr- mativ.-n is extr.cted from that report. .145- In 1951, there were 28 citruij packing plants in operL'tion in Ventura County. Two of these plants discharged their waste to cesspools, lU to neo-rby stream channels, and seven to community sewer systems with ultimate disposal to pond or f.tre.ra. Five plants discharged waste into sewers with ultimate disch;-rge to the Pacific Ocean. It vis estimated th.t roughly 8 tons of bcron, l.i| tons of chloride, and 12.75 tons of sodium were annually disposed to land by citrus packing plants. The report prepared by the Regional V/ater Pollution Control Board recommended en investigation to be undertaken by the citrus industry to develop ssfe and permanent me^ns for the disposal of v/aste water produced from packing plants in Ventura County on an industry-v^ide basis. As a result of this report, the industry foraied a V7r;ter Pollution Committee of the Ventura County Citrus Packing /.ssociatlon to investigate ways and means of reducing or eliminating deleterious materials from the wtste discharges. The cooper^stlon of the pc- eking plants in this effort to protect water qu .lity is demonstrated by the fact that five of seven plants formerly using boron processes changed to cleaning a.gent3 containing little or no boron. W. ste discharge and disposal practices for each packing plant whose w-ste may hive an effect on the quality of w;-ter is presented in Table I7 entitled "Significant Industrial Waste Disposals, Ventura County - June 195'^"- Locations of the discharges are delineated on Pl-^te 12. -IU6- S.5 e « s>» +> 0) ■»= a ■^ >> o O M o O b •J' B +» <» ^ g S," b ra (4 a. X w n Hi iM -rt •! •i § o b 2 +* J ^^ •3 I 1^ 18 g o I -li^7- j: += +> i-i > O -ri O O 10 iH O D) S- 3 «-• lis +> c >> +> ©•HO o m ^ O «) ^ J3 +» rH 01 3 T3 C £ Hi 3 J, rH +» a. (D © o< M 0) a +» •n S hh 5 oi 5 &«, o O. 0) « > One eo €> -ri b o O iH o •a o c § 73 \-rt • ■ox (, s s 1 n ^ «< -)> b •P • •4 0) C 3 9- +» +> » c >>O+>t>0St. Bt, t.c,CCO«> WO) OrH3-rtf-t+» Xl+> +> u ^ ^ li a u to c o u r-t o • i*i«ooocoo CMiH 5 tiOS-P-O 3J3t) 3^ U 4i 35 §9 O M ^ ^ -148- a o ^ o w 8 H 3 "S ^5 s § ^ 9 §5 ^ ^ en CM ^ g & -1U9- 1 «> o 10 «J -P -o >» V o >. » 8 +» •P tOiH •H d ^3 ■p Id » C 0) -p 3 b Hi S S'-- o Is 4> t/J C -H " 5 c " £ ■p " g^ ■m _ O rH rH r-\ rt «H IB i-I O r-l r-< O iH rH «a t. o! -P t. ni acN u td Q.CM O tiO t, Id a CM tc t< ffl CU CM +» ^ +3 •< +» ^ i-i I -P ^ rH 1 O t. O r^ o g -P 3: o g ■P * o ^Isj;: o 3 -P 3= o 3 -P IS 0) rt +> O rH d> ■-J d C rH r-t Id C 1-1 a> iH id C rH o <-l Cj C 'H «H 0) r-1 1 as J e\ Vi o ^ 0.3: V. n g\ w m e\ ee e Ispo ewag 'lant N/22 o ;i +> e: o Id 1^ e _ Id IS o id ^ S O gJ ■+» K O. +> Id p^ D. -P e rH +> CS cu +> id <^ a. +» ■rt 3 t c s 5 § t. c o £ 3 §§■ o 10 E QJ 'H S (. C o "» 5 * - •H 2 ti c to .O w a '^J VI •o n -P ■r< O) •o to ■P -H to to •O to +» ■H iO 'O W •!» Ti o a> o -H o o ■PCS. hH ID K O += I. ■H 0) o to » 3 ba Id C CU O -P m c •H ro Q to J Id o +» o CO cd •d r-I «> tm S Q, (d (d o •rt {j a t/i "S^ £. Id a to •^8 »< to m ■rf ■p Id 5= n S " 5 O o iH , o- S o E (^ +^ 3 ^ 5 -5 _ a o O C9 07 -O O. 4 Z^ +> 0) *3 12 o 5< -150- O' g c c c S< o o o +> ?H ■»* +» *= C CM «> ~-^ lr^ o to ^pNr-^ 5l c5& ^°S d ffi £5 o-*^ »-^ oT^ ■^» M f. no s. M b •d t< fc, 0> t, o U O (d Q. 5°- a o. Si O -H" o -P 3 O 05 rH 0) 8 -rt <8 n r-l to jH T^ oj •rt Id CO ^ Q to a m (=1 01 T3 C <» C 0! -P rt !> •H -H i-j 4-1 Kl +» Q of 4-1 O 3 >-« 1-1 CM • o. I 10 +» S r-l C CM e s o ■g r\ r-l O C • •» V ^ W ^ "-* M ^ ** *t.oii-iao» ot. cd n) o CO i-i a 5 a . o 9 o *> O 'H CM C o •g o CM O -O S <- 3 tr £ » OJ SCO -^ 0< ■P r-l +» t. o oi m P. O o C o ^ 3 C r-1 rH <» ■•-1 -rt rH ra O. d * * 2 C o 3 XI (I> •:? w PL, ;a nt o +* OS iit a Ul ■5^ S S Si ^ i ^ * Jj ID :3 to oi (. CL, ^ 1 5 9 Q en ^ r-l g-Si ^i i g B -rl ^ M > m 0) -o 2 § o -p n ^ rt r1 0) E ■P .C «! .C S. O m 0) -H o u c c » X » +» ■§ 2 ." no M4h cS Eg ■H <» O W t CO 3 a Pe :i-$ ^ -151- 0) j<: i cs r-i 111 to o +» o. § •H u Q a. •H 1 5 •p CI) o B § > 1*^ 3 Cm O ft ct •H b ! +^ u g b i >> u Cm +> 3 T3 ° C E o ■H +» m 9) o m o J W U o> D.^ :S 1 §^ §^ •H tI i-i ^ -H I. C +» Id X o :j CO 1-1 Hi s: o 51 (rt m ^ o +» m > JH E m •a +» o CO r-j -a CI) C •w 0) O CO S!> CO -H CI) O Q, •H r-l 9 J3 JO t. +> +» cS •H +3 •o -a c Mew d a, c » ^ O ■!» 51S en 3 o -152- ta i o a r4 o n) o 8 +» a O CO o! •H U o Q. >> e •O ■P -P «> C »< m ta .-J +> m ° ^G g S a^ CD pH 3 fe 3 :> >> f? «H ■tj 3 « ■a o CO ,-^ § § •H +> PQ 0) o ca o J to s. o aj3 1 1 g i: 1^ -.5?M CO csO tH » 3 3 JS »j -H o * cr er o ^ .rt +• 1^ 1 = C -H C -H rH r-l r-l r-t fc C ?^ ^ ^ ^ ^ "Tj ^ ^ nn tombO oti^ 3 3 3 3 etJ _ *• ^a est. boo-p u (-t o ^ ^ o +» 0) e o c •-» en 3 0) CO o * •< O -153- ^ E" ^ Ui at Cd ^ +^ s 5& _ c s <« •t-> ra ol 8 cq ■J w t. CO 43 H Hi t. e: 3 a s-g. 3 Q. L, di h o gl «-i « ^ +:■ a L -p 0) rH O. 3 0) a) d! (0 3 O rH >, e O ^ g •J > t, ■rt s B o M c5 >S^ glfe 21 < ?^ -15i|- § g i-l <-l rH S BB c g o 3 O rH 34? e 'H D> a ^s ^ Sk ■155- Water Softener Regeneration Wastes. As has been stated, the waters of Ventura County are generally very hard. Total hardness concentrations nearly always exceed 200 ppm and values exceeding 600 ppm are not uncommon. Hardness in water utilized for domestic and industrial purposes requires excessive quantities of soap and causes scaling of boilers and plumbing fixtures. Ex- cessive cost and inconvenience have resulted in increased use of ion exchange type water softeners . There are two general types of ion exchangers, cation exchangers and anion exchangers. The cation exchangers may be subdivided into hydrogen cycle exchangers and sodium cycle exchangers, while anion exchangers may be divided into weakly basic exchangers and strongly basic exchangers. Of these ex- changers only the sodium cycle softener is extensively utilized, the other softeners having only limited industrial application at the present time. The sodium cycle softener removes calcium and magnesium ions from solution and replaces them 'V'ri. th sodium ions. Vfnen the capacity of the exchange medium (commonly called zeolite) has been reached, it is regenerated by permitting the material to come in contact with a highly concentrated sodiiim chloride solution. In general, the two regeneration systems in common usage are the central regeneration system and the privately- owned system. In the former, a commercial agency rents water softeners to domestic and commercial estab- lishments. The exchange medium is periodically replaced with the used material which has been regenerated at a centrally-located plant. Privately-o^med softeners are normally regenerated by the owner. Wastes from the regeneration process include the backwash used to remove silts and fines from the exchange material, the regeneration solution, and rinse water used to remove the regeneration solution from the exchange medium. -156- Typical mineral analyses of waste from both centrally-regenerated and privately- oxmed softeners are given in Table l8, entitled "Mineral Analyses of Water Softener Regeneration Wastes". These data indicate that the regeneration solution and the predominate portion of the rinse wastes contain extremely high concentrations of sodium, chloride, ajid total dis- solved solids. Backwash waste water, however, appears to be little. im- paired in quality. ■157- s 1 > ID •^ "O „ ni o -^ E O tH « 6- -O S .. .. ^ ^ .. a fo a. Q. c^ o s \ o C T o E J3- -H o "^ fl t/5 ■rl 1 a tr -t c o a I o a ll .. o^ n « o c ■H irf Ifl ■p c Q> 4 li •H IS ■P 0) C o i~i at ^ a •H 0) o iS. \£> O O i-S +> K cdo u Lr> W (N 1 a b, bO o e 60 r-1 d O += >> W O C ■rt § g-oT „ fi S o -^ „ 2 >> c = a> -H O -rt E e tu) E- 43 O •O o o +» rH a! a « 1 >s. SI ONfcO IS. •Jfo f^co ir-JiH sel°° lf~<0 0|(N dKo uwtfN c»>lcv! oslirv \olj-« voSi |lN | .ON iMlp., ojc^ ooloN ja-|o\ | H^ ^' ^ ■Ml? olo olr oiir\ « ^ ■3^ -158- •a a » w o O B-i -rt ra T3 "» '• "« •• "* « a o. c. a p. c^ g s IH -ri O VI c •-< o ^ '" •• <3* t/3 t. +» O O « c<> rH o ■| i5 s g •g CT O t^ o C7 c 'T^ n +> i>j B 3 ■P ■H +» a c ^ o o l-« d L. ^ C g <« o =a vo o o r-j +»0 o CM fe; DO « • fi tm o ^& t/i c c c » J^ -d ■-' 5 2 ?» c -p » -H o ■H 3 a 60 s E- .O o a «-8 +> fH 1 d o, \ a i «e PNiH ^ I c a 8 o « iH 9 III o !^ %4 *< ^^ V) t o o §^ a> +> U -H •«-i -s 8 ^^ d o Oo u -159- V/aste discharges from ion exchange type water softening units were investigateo. and reported upon to the Los /mgeles Regional Vfater Pollution Con- trol Board (No. '4), in 1955.' ^y the former Division of V/ater Resources. In this investigation, it wp.s found thiit there are four central regeneration plants discherging wastes v/hich could ultimately c.ffect the cuality of w&ter supplies. Two plants, the Culligan Soft V/uter Service in Santa Paula and Ojai, discharge to the Santa Paula and 0.jai sev;age treatment plants, as previously sta,ted, discharges f.-om these sewage treatment plants percolate to eeonomicully impor- tant ground ^-rater bodies . Th.e other tv/o central regeneration plants dispose of wastes in areas where percolation to use.ble ground water dees not appear probable . Recent ordinances passed by the cities of Ojai and Santa Paula re- strict the discharges of water sof":ener wastes to the respective sewerage systems. Tb.ese ordii-iances were drafted and adopted in order to reduce the mineral content in the effjuent. from each of the sewage treatment plants to meet the RegionEd Watr;r Pol?ution Contr'.:'l Boo.rd requirements. Pertinent data concerning central regeneration plant discharges in Ventura County are presorted in Table I7 "Significant Industrial Waste Dis- posals, Ventura Councy". Regeneration wastes from privately-owned softeners, both domestic a.nd industrial, are usually discharged to the sewage disposal system used for other wastes, either cesspool, septic tank, or a community seveT-age system. Estimates of the quantities of salt in regeneration wastes dis- charged annually to areas where deep percolation to economic jlly imoortant ground v;ater bodies is possible are p-i^esentcd in T ble I9, entitled "Esti- m^.ted G^aantities of '.."i-ter Softener Regeneration Wastes Effectively Discharged -160- to Land in Vent\ira County". These estimates were based upon sales by salt companies, reports from central regeneration plants, and specifications for regeneration of softeners, combined with statistics obtained from census reports and previous svirveys of water softener density. TABLE 19 ESTIMATED QUAIWITIES OF WATER SOFTENER REGENERATION WASTES EFFECTIVELY DISCHARGED TO LAITO IN VENTURA COUNTY^ Stream system Salt as NaCl usee' for regeneration, in tons per year Totals Central regeneration plants Domestic units Industrial uiiits Ventura River 96 above Foster Park Santa Clara River 108 above Oxnard Plain Basin Calleguas Creek TOTALS 204 70-155 195-UifO 60-135 325-730 20 13i^^ ko 194 136-271 kj7-6S2 100-175 723-1,128 a. From report "Investigation of Waste Discharge from Water Softener Units. Los Angeles Region, 1955^'' '• b. Includes four tons per year used by State institution. Walnut Packing Plants. Walnut packing plants in Ventura County process approximately 10,000 tons of v^alnuts annually. Nuts received from the field are graded, cleaned, bleached, dried, and sacked prior to shipping. The agent used for cleaning and bleaching is a sodium hypochlorite solution containing 1.6 per cent, by weight, of available chlorine. Liquid waste from v/alnut packing plants consists of the spent cleaning and bleaching solution. Disposal of the liquid waste. -161- which is sodium chloride in character, is by discharge to seepage ponds, cesspools, streams, or sewers. Waste disposal practices of walnut packing plants were investigated and reported upon by the Los Angeles Regionail Water Pollution Control Board (No. k) in January, 1953. ^^ '^^^ time of the survey, there were six walnut packing plants in operation in Ventura County, with ultimate discharge of waste to land areas subject to percolation. The quantity of waste and method of dis- charge of each plant is given in Table 17- Location of discharge points is shown on Plate 12. It was indicated that about I3.6 tons of sodium cliloride per year is contained in the waste from walnut packing plants. Refuse Disposal. One of the common means of disposal for solid, semi-solid, and liquid wastes is dumping in areas essentially unsuited for alternate development to dxomp sites. Wastes range from solid inert materials, such as earth and concrete, to noxious industrial liquid wastes containing high concentrations of dissolved saJ.ts, acids and caustics. Wastes include the combustible and noncombustible refuse and rubbish produced from house- holds and commercial establishments. It is apparent that, if waters of the State are to be protected from pollution by such wastes, care must be taken in the selection of dump sites and in the projjer operation of dumps. Dump sites have been classified by the Depaxtment of Water Resources on the basis of the geology, hydrology, and topography. Based upon recom- mendations made by the former Division of Water Resources, in 1952, the Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (llo. k) , in Aiogust, 1953^ adopted "Tentative Objectives for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution with Respect to Disposal of Wastes on Land in Ventura County within Los Angeles Water Pollution Control Region". Tlie tentative objectives classified .162- dump sites as follows: " Class I - DISPOSAL SITES Sites located on nonwater-bearing rocks or underlain by isolated bodies of unusable ground water, v^hicii are protected from siirface runoff and where s-'orface drainage can be restricted to the site or discharged to a suitable wastevay, and where safe limitations exist with respect to the potential radius of percolation. CLASS II - DISPOSAL SITES Sites underlain by usable, confined, or free ground water when the minimum elevation of the dump can be maintained above antici- pated high ground water elevation, and which are protected from surface runoff and where surface drainage can be restricted to the site or discharged to a suitable waste-jvay. CLASS III - DISPOSAL SITES Sites so located as to afford little or no protection to usable waters of the State . " The Regional Water Pollution Control Board designated typical wastes which could be disposed of in each class of disposal site. In general, all types of waste may be disposed of in Class I sites. Class II sites may receive ordinary household refuse and rubbish and all materials approved for disposal in Class III sites. Garbage may also be accepted at Class II sites, provided such disposal does not conflict with local public health laws. The only materials suitable for disposal in Class III sites are innocuous, relatively inert, wastes such as dirt, concrete, and plaster. Dump sites in Ventura County were investigated by the Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. k) , in September, 1952. It was found that nine dumps in the county are either owned or operated by the County of Ventura. These include the Ojai, Saticoy, -163- o<.^!:i:L-^. h^>ovv>;-,rli, '} irt. ;]uK.;m^. , .Li). -u, ;;•!.■ i^;. w- k;-;, C iuaril3.o, ' ....ik,i.\'., end ?iru dumps. In addition, four dispocvj.! sites are opei-ated by the citien oi' Ver.tu:.': , Oxrii.rd; Santt ?.'.;ula, i.nd Filltnore . No priv;:tc dump citeo v/ero four.-l •^■•■•- ■; the Gurvey . Inx'o:c*m-tion concf^rnin,^; the r:i,:;.3if icafcicn of the;^e :-;ite-j . nd the materi; l;j dunrped or disposed ::f is j)rc.;ented in Tahle l"f, and xiito i.c.ciation:;- s.re delineated on Plate 12. • i'ound that all dumps receive both oom- buGtible and noncorabustib;! ' and refuse and that the major portion of the v;j3te ccmprised these tw- cj.;' .lia;; of materi; 1. /,1I dw.ns practice burn- ing to reduce the volwce of w-3te materi:.!. Diapoaal of garbage was practiced only at the City of Oxnard dumo site. A county ordinance prohibits the dis- po3?-l of garbage to county owned or operated dumps. (Miscellaneous VJaste Disc harg es. This category includes a relatively small number of discharges, such as hog fc.rm wastes, metal cleaning wastes, fruit and vegetable processing w; stes. and .ramonia manufacturing wastes. In- formation concerning these discharges is presented in Tcble 17, and locations of points of disposal .re delineated on Plate 12. Sea-Water Intrusion The qui.lity of the w ter contained in a coastal ground water basin may be adversely sffected by the intrusion and admixture of sea water. In- trusion may take place when wr-ter-berring deposits along the seaward or bay-v/ard margins cf ground water basins .re in direct contact with the ocean or bay floor t the :;hore line, <.r extend beneath the ocean floor, Intru.~ion can occur only when the pressure head of sea water •l6i+- exceeds that of the fresh ground water, a condition usually resulting when ground water levels are lowered to or below sea level by excessive piimping of wells. When the hydraulic gradient within a ground water basin slopes seaward, ground water movement is toward the ocean; conversely, ^^dth a landward slope, inland movement of sea water occurs. The slope and di- rection of the hydraulic gradient is established by measurements of the depth to water in observation wells . It has been shown that mineral analyses of certain of the wells in the Oxnard Plain Basin in the vicinity of Port Hueneme evidenced higher concentrations of chloride and dissolved solids than found in other waters of the Oxnard aquifer. Wells affected in summer, 1957> included Nos. 1N/22W-19H1, 20E1, SOKl, 20R1, 21L1, 21L2, 28d1, 29A2, and 29C1. Complete mineral analyses of samples collected from these wells are presented in Appendix B. Partial, mineral analyses are presented in Appendix C. A thorough study of this portion of the aquifer reduced the probable sources of chloride degradation in the ground water to one or more of the following: 1. Sea-water intrusion through the Oxnard aquifer. 2. Percolation or leakage through poorly constructed wells, defective casings, or abandoned wells, by a. Irrigation return water and other poor quality waters from the semiperched ground water body. b. Sea water which has intrnxded into the semi- perched grouiad water body. To differentiate between sea water and semiperched water, Plate 13, entitled "Mineral Character of Ground Water in the Vicinity of Port Hueneme and Point Mugu", has been prepared. Anion constituents only -165- were used on this charts since cation constituents are subject to character changing influences, such as cation exchange. This plate shows the anion con- stituents, expressed in per cent, in the degraded water and in the two apparent sources of degradation. Anion constituents in ground water from these wells prior to degradation are also plotted on this plate. The indicated soirrce of degradation of ground water pumped from wells in the vicinity of Port Hueneme and Point Mugu was sea water. The character of the anion constituents in the degraded water plots almost in direct line between water samples repre- sentative of the native water and sea water. There is no apparent influence of the semiperched waters. In an effort to distinguish between the methods by which sea water is enabled to enter the aquifer, consideration was given to the hydrologic and geologic conditions existing in the area of intrusion. As described in Chapter II, the Oxnard aquifer appears to outcrop in the submarine canyon near Port Hueneme. P-urthermore, the semiperched zone extends under the coastal sand dunes to the ocean. Thus, from the geologic standpoint, sea water may enter either of the water-bearing zones. Before sea-water in- trusion can occur, however, the hydraulic head of sea water must be greater than that prevailing in the aquifer. Information obtained from the studies of Division of Soils of the University of California at Los Ai'igeles is of significance in analyzing the data available regarding the semiperched v/ater body. It is indicated that the elevation of the semiperched water table throughout the Oxnard Plain is above sea level, with the hydraulic gradient sloping toward the ocean, thus precluding sea-water intrusion in this zone. A trough of piezometric v^ater pressure levels depressed below -166- sea level has existed continuously in the Oxnard aquifer since 19^9^ a con- dition conducive to sea- water intrusion. The correlation between below sea level piezometric elevations in the Oxnard aquifer and saline intrusion, is indicated by Plate Ik, entitled "Chloride Ion Increase - Well 1N/22W-29A2' On this platej, the hydrograph of well 1N/22W-20R1 is plotted, together with the average -weekly chloride concentration in well 1N/22W-29A2, both per- forated in the Oxnard aquifer. Inspection of this plate will show that diiring the period when the water level in well 20R1 was lowest, the rate of increase in chloride con- centration in the ground water was greatest, once degradation became initiated. As an example, during the period from September l,to December 13, 1951, water levels in well 20R1 slowly rose from about l4 feet to about two feet below sea level, and the increase in chloride concentration in well 29A2 averaged 3.9 parts per million per day. In the subsequent period, December I3, 1951, to Wfeirch I9, 1952, water levels were slightly above sea level eind the increase in chloride concentration was reduced to about 1.5 parts per million per day. Although it appears contradictory that the chloride concentra- tion should have increased while the water level in the key well was slightly above sea level, this condition exists because the top of the Oxnard aquifer is between 80 eind 120 feet below sea level. At this depth, because of the difference in density, the elevation of fresh water must be more than two feet higher than sea level in order to effect a balanced condition. Since there exists a seaward hydraulic s2ope in the semiperched ground water body, it appears from the correlation between water levels in the Oxnard aquifer and the increase in chloride ion -167- concentration, that sea water is entering directly into the Oxnard aquifer through ocean floor outcrops. ^9 As of December, 195^^ about 930 acres in the Oxnard Plain were under- lain by waters degraded to 100 ppni chloride by sea water. By the summer of 1957, this area had increased to 1,550 acres. The extent of saline intrusion in the Oxnard aquifer is shown on Plate 15, entitled "Areal Extent of Sea-Water Intru- sion, Vicinity of Port Hueneme". The advance of sea- water intrusion into the Oxnard aquifer, as estimated by the detection of 100 parts per million chloride in wells, has averaged approximately 1,200 feet per year in a northerly direction, eind 700 feet per year in an easterly direction since 1951- Prevention of sea- water intmision in this aquifer may be accomplished by reversal of the hydraulic gradient, either by decreased pumping or by in- creased recharge, or both. Salt Balance in Grovmd Water Basins The use of ground water storage capacity in conserving and regiilating both local and imported water supplies, particiilarly those supplies intended to be used consumptively by irrigated agriculture, requires a consideration of the salt balance involved in the use and re-use of the available supplies. Salt balance refers to that desirable condition wherein the araount of soluble salts entering a basin is balanced by the amount of salt leaving the basin -- either by natural disposal, sewage outflow, or by piomping for export, waste disposal, or drainage. As man develops an area he disturbs the existing salt balance by changing the nat\iral regimen of groixnd water flov?- and by adding salts in wastes permitted to percolate. If the change in the natural regimen results in a -168- condition of adverse salt balance, the total tons of dissolved solids in the ground water will increase. This increase in total salt content vrill, in time,, he compensated by an increase in the quantity of salts leaving a basin through piunping or natural drainage, and the basin will eventually reach equilibrium, although at a greater average salt content. The problem of salt balance exists in most of the developed ground water basins of California, and must be considered if the basins are to re- tain their important place in conservation and utilization of the water in the State. The solution involves induced drainage of water from the basins in amounts sufficient to maintain satisfactory mineral quality therein. The amoiont of water so drained away vrill constitute a demand on the de- veloped water supply. PracticeuLly all natural waters contain mineral salts of calci\im, magnesium, sodiiam, and potassium in varying amounts, present in the waters in the form of carbonates, siHfates, nitrates, and chlorides. After appli- cation of water on the land, that part which is not consumptively used and which does not drain off on the surface, will percolate to the main body of ground water in free ground water basins. Minor amoxmts of salt com- pounds will be utilized in plant gro^rth and conversely, percolating water \rill dissolve or absorb other salt compo\xnds in passing through the soil between the s\irface and the water table. Under natural conditions most ground water basins tend to fill vrith water and to overflow in the lower portions, thereby flushing out soluble salts contained in water originating on the tributary watershed and overlying lands. When aquifers in the basin are tapped by wells, the pumping draft lowers ground water levels to such an extent that in many -169- cases the nat\iral flushing of the basin ceases. Since the pumped vater is largely used on overlying lands^ soluble salts accumulate within the basin and tend to degrade the quality of the ground water in storage. If the situ- ation is such that no discharge of water from the area, either surface or sub- surface, occurs, the concentration of salt compounds in the remaining water will become so great in the course of time as to inhibit its use as a source of water supply. This is particularly true in the case of irrigation supplies, as crops generally have rather low tolerance for dissolved salts. In general, a favorable salt balance can be established in the given area by deliberately inducing outflow of water from the area in such amount that the total quantity of mineral salt exported is equal or greater than the quantity imported. Under these conditions, the long time mean quantity of salts is maintained relatively constant. The maintenance of such balance, or the removal of a total amount of salt from an area exceeding the salt input to the area (termed "favorable salt balance") does not necessarily imply lack of damage to the lands and crops. It is also important to determine whether a favorable salt balance is being maintained in the root zone of the irrigated crops, as accumiilations of salt compounds in that zone will prevent the suc- cessful culture of many irrigated crops. In previous portions of this chapter various soiorces which may contribute concentrated salt solutions to sirrface and ground waters have been enumerated. The cum-ulative effect of these contributions is dependent upon the relative concentrations in the waters forming the mixture. The usual result is an increase in the concentration of the various mineral constituents in the receiving waters. When discharged into a surface stream, salts are rapidly carried away. However, since ground water moves slowly, contributed -170- salts are not so rapidly discharged or diluted. It is also possible for salts to be contributed to ground water at a rate greater thein the capa- bility of the aquifer to transmit, dilute, and discharge them. Safe ground water yield is defined as the maximum rate of ex- traction of water from a ground water basin which, if continued over an indefinitely long period of time, would result in maintenance of certain desirable fixed conditions. One of these conditions is, that water levels are not so lowered as to cause permanent accum\J.ation and concen- tration of salts or pollutants, whether from siirface percolation of wastes or from subsurface intrusion of water of \mdesirable quality. Overdraft is defined as a condition of development under which extractions from the ground water reservoir produce an adverse effect or series of effects. If development of a basin occurred to the extent that an adverse salt balance resiilts in the accumulation and concentration of salts and pol- lutants, an overdraft condition would exist. Thus, overdraft for any particular ground water basin must be defined in terms of the conditions existing for that basin at a specific time. In Chapter V, data were presented indicating that ground waters in many of the basins of Ventura County were of marginal quality for many of the prevailing beneficial uses. Furthermore, in basins where sufficient antecedent data were available to compare with recent analyses, it is indicated that there has been, during recent periods, a meas\rrable deter- ioration in quality. It would appear that an adverse salt balance may exist in these basins. Identification of the source of such adverse balance, the quantity and rate of accretion, the quantitative expression of foreseeable -171- results, and the formulation of recommendations for correcting or alleviating the effect of adverse salt balance, vri.ll require the maintenance of detailed records of mineral quality of water for a considerable period of time. Santa Felicia Dam on Piru Creek was completed in 1955^ ^nd Casitas Dam now under construction is scheduled to begin storing water during the winter season of 1958-59 • Numerous other plans for the development of water supplies in Ventura Cotmty have been advanced. These works, when constructed, will alter the natural regimen of surface streams and groiind water basins ejid may affect the maintenance of salt balance. Sumiaary The surface and ground waters of Ventura County are, in the course of their movement to the ocean, subject to degradation from natural sources and to pollution from sewage and industrial wastes. Furthermore, development of water supplies has altered the regimen of many of the basins and in some instances resiilted in deterioration of water quality. The surface waters of Ventura County are subject to degradation by highly mineralized waters flowing from hot springs and by poor quality efflu- ent groiind water. Runoff from rainfall on certain of the geologic deposits in Ventura County contains high concentrations of boron. This has affected the quality of certain streams, \n.th parti cvilar reference to low flows, to the point of becoming marginal for irrigation use. Natural degradation of ground water is accomplished primarily through deep percolation of poor quality surface waters and by the subsurface movement of highly saline waters from marine deposits of Tertiary age. As the result of man's development of the siirface and groxond waters -172- of Ventura Coxmty, deterioration and/or pollution has occurred. A large portion of Ventiora County has been developed for irrigated agriculture. Irrigation return water with high mineral concentrations has commingled with native ground waters and resulted in increased salt concentrations . Numerous industries have been developed in Ventura Co\inty. Certain of these industries discharge wastes as a result of their processes. These can, upon commingling with gro'ond waters, result in excessive degradation. Included among these wastes are oil industry vrastesj fruit, nut, and vegetable packing wastes 3 and water softener wastes. Commercial and do- mestic rubbish and refuse are disposed to dump sites, together with certain of the more noxious industrial wastes. If these wastes are disposed of in an improper manner, salts may be leached, resulting in a degrading effect on ground waters. Waste discharges from many of these sources have been investigated by the Department of Water Resources for the Los Angeles Regional Water Pollution Control Board (No. k) . In many instances measures have been taken to correct improper discharge practices. Continued pumping of large quantities of water, in excess of safe yield, from the Oxnard aquifer of the Oxnard Plain Basin has resulted in the depression of piezometric levels below sea level in portions of the basin and the intrusion of sea water into the aquifer. As of siimmer, 1957, the area underlain by sea water was about 1,550 acres. It was esti- mated that d-oring the period I95I to 1957, in the vicinity of Port Hueneme, the saline front advanced at the rate of about 1,200 feet per year in a northerly direction and about 7OO feet per year in an easterly direction. Improperly constructed and abandoned wells may be a factor in transmission of pollution or degradation to usable groimd water. Such -173- wells may serve as a conduit for poor quality surface or drainage waters, leaching effluent from cesspools and septic tanks, surface wastes, or poor quality perched or connate waters, permitting contacts with, or intrusion into, aquifers utilized as a source of water supply. The integrated effect of all sources of deterioration and pol- lution of ground vraters is indicated by the salt balance prevailing in a ground water basin. Aneilyses made d\iring the past 20 years indicate considerable deterioration in water quality in the Fillmore and Santa Paula Basins. If deterioration shoiild continue over a protracted period, it could resiilt in the loss of the ground water resources for beneficial purposes. Future studies of salt balance problems in Ventura County, and the formiilation of policies and recommendations for the alleviation of adverse salt balance conditions will be facilitated through the use of db,ta collected since 1952 by the Department of Water Resources in the State-wide Surface and Ground V/ater Sampling Programs. -174- CHAPTER VII. RECIAf-lATIOW OF WATER FROM SEWAGE Plant effluents are generally available for re-use unless dis- charged to saline water or lost .through evapo-transpiration. In Ventura County, incidental reclamation or the recovery of waste waters for "bene- ficial use res'olts from the disposal of effluents from the City of Santa Paula, Camarillo State Hcspital^ ajid Catnarillo Sanitar^r District through their use for irrigation d'lrin^ a portion of the year. Tb.e recovery of waste waters which have lost their identity through mixing with natural stream flow or gro'ond water in the process of final disposal is termed involuntary reclamation. Examples in Ventura County are the discharges to stream channels from the City of O.jai and discharges from the Saticoy Sanitary District and the City of Fillmore to percolation lagoons. In addition, effluent from the City of San.ta Paula is discharged to the Santa Clara River when not used for irrigation. The above discharges constitute the principal inland disposals of domestic sewage in Ventura Couiity. With the exception of the discharge from Camarillo State Hospital to Callegiaas Creek during intervals when -che effluent is not bei:.ig used for irrigation, all of these effluents are susceptible to involv^atary or incidental reclamation. The flow from these sewage treatment plants, seri'ing a combined popixLation of some 28,000 persons, was approximately 2.5 million gallons per day, or about 2,800 acre-feet daring the fiscal year 1956-57 • Dui'ing 1957, the Itontalvo Sanitary District discharged about I70 acre-feet to percolation ponds. Effluent from these ponds seeps to an apparently unused shallow ground water zone that is essentially isolated from the deeper productive zones. -175- Planned reclamation of water from sewage refers to the salvage of waste water which would otherwise be lost. During fiscal year 1956-57; 7«5 million gallons a day;i equivalent to 8,400 acre-feet per year, was discharged to the Pacific Ocean by the Cities of Ventura and Oxnard, the Port Hueneme y^^tary District, and the Port Hueneme sind Point Mugu Naval Reservations. The discharges from the Cities of Ventirra and Oxnard constitute about 80 per cent of this quantity and consequently appear to offer the best opport\inity for planned reclamation. In-plant reclamation of waste water by industry/ is frequently over- looked, although it is a phase of reclamation which can result in substantial reduction in water consumption and subsequent waste discharge. Re-use fre- quently requires partial purification of the water and this treatment may not be economically justifiable solely on the basis of water reclamation. Addi- tional benefits which may accrue from such practices include: 1. Reduction of the hydra.ulic load on the waste treatment plant. 2. Enhancement of the possibility of by-product recovery, due to concentration , 3. Salvage of heat and chemicals contained in the waste water. h. Better public relations in communities suffering from water shortages. 5, Better public relations in communities with waste disposal problems . Recycling of white water from a paper-making machine, for example, results in savings of water and heat, and effects reclamation of useful chemicals and materials. -176- Prior Studies of Water Reclamation in Ventura County The City of Ventura and Shell Oil Company ^vith its subsidiary. Shell Chemical Corporation, entered into an agreement whereby the company would study the feasibility of reclaiming the effluent from the City's sewage treatment plant for industrial use. Pilot plant studies were initiated to ascertain the feasibility of utilizing reclaimed water, primarily for cooling tower make-up and boiler feed, in an ammonia plaxit and for other industrial purposes in the Ventura Avenue Oil Field. How- ever, as yet no positive action has been taken to further the possibility of water reclamation. Utilization of wastes discharged to the ocean by the City of Oxnard was the subject of a report prepared by V. M. Freeman, Engineer, fl^) Santa Clara Water Conservation District.^ -" In this report, it was proposed to pump effluents from the Oxnard secondary and Port Hueneme primary treatment plants to oxidation lagoons for polishing treatment. After a 10-dsy retention period the lagoon effluent would be pumped a distance of ^2,500 feet to a proposed Ditch Road Spreading Ground or as an alternate plan 57,000 feet to the Saticoy Spreading Ground. On the basis of 1949 prices, it vms estimated that the cost of water reclaimed by this method would range from $1? to $21 and $15 to $19 per acre-foot, respectively. As of this date, no action has been taJien on the findings of this report. -177- Plsins fcr Reclamation of Water from City of Oxnard ^ Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent The possible markets for water reclaimed from City of Oxnard sewage include direct industriaJL use, recharge of ground water basins, supply for in- jection wells to prevent sea-water intrusion, and direct irrigation use. The successful use of reclaimed vj'ater for each of the above pixrposes is contingent upon the quality of the sewage. This section discusses the quality of the effluent from the City of Oxnard sewage treatment plant, the possibilities for industrial use, direct irrigation use, recharge of ground water basins, and supply for injection wells to prevent sea-water intnasion. Q^ality of Effluent from the City of Oxnard Sevfage Treatment Plant The mineral quality of effluent from the Oxnard sewage treatment plant is poor. Available mineral analyses, which are presented in Appendix D, indi- cate the following ranges e.nd averages in mineral quality characteristics: total dissolved solids, 1,351 to 2,120, averaging 1,583 parts per miUion; effective salinity, 13-^ to 25.3, averaging l6.2 epm; boron, 0.6 to I.5, averaging 1.0 ppm; and chloride, 17^ to 500> averaging 23I ppm. The character of the effluent is generally sodiuru- calcium sulfate with total hardness ranging from 572 to 688, averaging 629 ppm. Sanitary analyses of the effluent from the Oxnard sewage treatment plant are presented in Appendix D. A new activated-sludge type treatment plant was put into operation on June 23, 1956. The old sewage treatment plant, now abandoned, is a trickling -filter type plant. Since the new plant has been in operation, the biochemical oxygen demand (B. 0. D. ) of the effluent has ranged -178- from 30 to 77.0 averaging 58 ppm. The analyses also show the effluent from the new plant to have a most prohable number of collform bacteria (MPN) ranging from 24,000 to 240^,000, with a median value of 70;,000. The poor quality of water supplied to the area sewered by the City of Oxnard is a major contributing factor to the poor mineral quality of the sewage. However, there is also an abnormally large mlnereuL increment;, parti- cularly in chlorides^, when compared to normal ranges as presented in a report published by the California State Water Pollution Control Board. ^^-^ This relationship is summarized below; Total Effective dissolved salinity^ solids, Chloride, Boron; It« 3m of supply water^ epm ppm ppm ppm Quality 8,83 1,165 54 0.6 Quality of sewage 16.75 1,516 235 0.9 Mineral increment 7.92 351 181 0.3 Normal increase in mineral content ^9 J 100-300 20-50 0.1-0.4 a. Average analyses of water from four wells collected May 6, 1958. These wells constituted the soiirce of supply water during the montho The analyses were weighted in proportion to the approxi- mate production from each well. b. Sixteen-hour composite sample collected on Jfey l4, 1958. The principal causes for this abnormally large mineral increase are the infiltration of highly mineralized shallow ground waters into the sewers and the discharge of highly mineralized wastes from industries and home water softeners. The diversion of highly mineralized waste discharges from the domestic sewer to the industrial waste sewer would improve the mineral quality of the sewage treatment plant effluent. -179- Industrial Use As indicated by the above water quality discussion, water reclaimed from the City of Oxnard sewage could be utilized by industry. However, the effluent from the treatment plajit wovild probably have to be given additional sanitary treatment before being acceptable for industrial use. For most in- dustrial uses, waters with relatively low B.O.D., turbidity, and color are required. At the present time, there is no large-scale potential industrial market for water reclaimed from sewage known to exist in the Oxnard area. A pulp and paper majaufacturing plant, located close to the City of Oxnard sewage treatment plant, has considerable potential as an industrial market for re- claimed water. However, the present water requirement for this plant is only about 80O-IIOO acre-feet per year. Also, some additional treatment of the effluent wovild be necessary to render it siiitable for some of the major uses in the plant. Wo complete cost estimate, which would include distribution costs, has been made for industrial use of water reclaimed from the City of Oxnard sewage. Recharge of Groiind Water Basins As noted in a previous section of this chapter, detailed engineering studies have been made of the use of sewage effluents for recharge of ground water basins of the Oxnard area. The recent completion of Santa Felicia Dam, however, making additional quantities of natural surface waters available for spreading, has detracted from the desirability of spreading reclaimed water. -180 ■ In addition, the recycling of sewage by means of groiind water recharge appears undesirable because of the prevailing water quality problems in the ground water basins of the area. Repulsion of Sea-Water Intrusion The California State Water Pollution Control Boeird sponsored a '+if-month field study of direct recharge into underground formations. The work was performed by the University of California at its engineering field station at Richmond. The resiilts were published as California State Water Pollution Control Board Publication No. 11, "Report on the Investi- gation of Travel of Pollution", 193k. Fresh water was recharged into a pressure aquifer for which the permeability was about 1,900 gallons per square foot per day, over long periods of time with no operational difficulties. The addition of sewage plant effluents at the same rate, however, caused clogging of the well at a rate which was proportional to the amount of solids injected. Under per- missible well head pressure buildup, a liquid waste equivalent to the final effluent from secondary sewage treatment could be injected for about eight or nine days. After that time, redevelopment of the injection well was necessary. Chlorine injection, followed by a half day of contact and three or four hours of pumping at a rate equal to twice the injection rate, re-established the ability of the aquifer to receive injected water. As a result of research reported in the California State Water Pollution Control Board Publication No. 11, it was concluded that the reclamation of sewage effluent by direct recharge into sand aquifers is not limi.ted by public health concern over bacterial contamination. -181- In regard to public hei-.lth considerutlon, oection kh'^l} of the C; li-'crnia State Health and Safety Code opecifically urohibits the cont^tructicn, maintn:;uu:e, or use of any sewer well extending to or into a subterranean water-bearin^~ L.tratuia that is used or intended to be used as, or is suitable for, a source of v.'. ier supply for domestic purposes. The same section defines a sewer well as . uy kolo dug or drilled into the ground, used or intended to be utsed for thf: di,;po:;<'.l of sewage. The legal use of sewage treatment plant effluent in injection v/ellt; to establish a barrier to sea-water intrusion in producing aquifers may require revision of the California State Health and Safety Code. The use of effluent in injection wells to establish a barrier to sea- water intrusion in the producing aquifer of the Oxnard area wovild result in the re-use of a portion of such water for beneficial purposes. Because of the water quality problems of the area, and since injected water would eventually be subject to domestic use, it would be desirable to use waters with dissolved mineral content conforming to the United States Public Health Service drinking water standards . Direct Irrigation Us e Water reclaimed from the City of Oxnard sewage would be generally unsuitable for continued irrigation use because of its poor mineral quality. If, however, such water were combined with waters of the Oxnard aquifer in the ratio of about two parts of ground water to one part reclaimed water, the resulting mixture would have a total dissolved solids concentration of about 1,100 ppm and an effective salinity of about 10 epm. This mixture would be of a quality that could be utilized for irrigation purposes under conditions which exist in the tile-drained areas of the Oxnard plain. -182- In addition to meeting mineral quality requirements, waters re- claimed for irrigation use must conform with, certain sanitary stajidards which, are set forth in a Special Bi-illetin No. 59 of the California State Department of Public Health entitled, "Reg\ilaticr _ Use of Sewage for Irrigating Crops",, May, 1933 • Briefly, these standards pro-vide that no raw or untreated sewage shall be used for irrigating crops; partially treated efflue.nt may be used on fodder crops, field crops, and some orchard crops; well oxidized and thoroughly disinfected effluents may be used without restriction if bacterial standeirds approximating the United States Public Health Service drinking water standards are continually met, and no plumbing cross connections are permitted with anj"- domestic water system. On the basis of data presented in this chapter, it appears un- desirable to use vrater reclaimed from the City of Oxnard sewage for re- charge of groiuid water basins, supply for injection wells to prevent sea- water intrusion, or direct irrigation. While reclaimed water could be diluted with ground water eind then used for irrigation, the mechanics of such a procedure may be complex and may necessitate duplication of facil- ities. In addition to the foregoing, it seems probable that there will be an aesthetic reaction against using water reclaimed from sewage for direct irrigation. The effluent from the City of Oxnard sewage treatment plant is of suitable mineral quality for certain industrial uses. Presently, however, only a small potential industrial market for water reclaimed from sewage exists in the Oxnard area. Therefore, an additional industrial ■183- need should be manifested before further consideration is given to any plan to reclaim water from the City of Oxnard sewage treatment plant effluent. -184- CHAPTER VIII. WATER QUALITY ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMEMT As a resTilt of the comprehensive investigation which ciilminated. in the preparation of State Water Resources Board Bulletin No. 12, entitled "Ventura County Investigation''^ it was concluded that current water resource problems in Ventura County include perennial and progressive lowering of ground water levels, overdraft on ground water supplies, sea-water intrusion into pumped aquifers and degradation of ground water quality. Recently completed studies of water requirements indicate that the supplemental water requirements will be about 85,000 acre-feet per year in I96O and 236,000 acre-feet in the year 2020. The investigation resulted in fiirther conclusions to the effect that local supplemental water could be made available by conservation of r\inoff which presently wastes to the ocean from the Ventura and Santa Clara River watersheds, by construction of surface storage reservoirs and further development of groiond water storage. Mean seasonal manoff to the ocean from the Ventura and Santa Clara River watersheds averaged about 230,000 acre-feet per season during the period 1936-37 to I95O-5I. It is there- fore apparent that even with complete regulation of runoff from these watersheds, additional supplemental water would have to be imported to meet ultimate requirements. Possible sources of such water include the Colorado River, through facilities of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and waters from northern California, through facilities of the authorized Feather River Project. As previously stated, alteration of the natural regimen of flow in any hydrologic system, which includes both surface streams and ground -185- water "basins will probably result in a change in quality of water. In the fol- lowing paragraphs, there is presented a brief review of projects recently com- pleted or under construction together with estimates of the effect of such developments on the quality of waters. ^j-. Development of Local Water Supplies Ventura River Drainage System Development of the Ventura River drainage system is centered around Casitas Dam and reservoir, which is now xmder construction by the United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. This dam is on Coyote Creek at a point about two miles upstream of the confluence with the Ventura River. The reser'/oir will have a capacity of 250,000 acre-feet and will permit con- servation of flood waters from Coyote Creek. In addition, the reservoir will store waters diverted from Ventura River. In operation of the project, water will be pumped to the Ojai Valley and Upper Ventura River Service areas . Since the stored flood waters are of better quality than present ground waters of Ojai Valley, the effect of the project would be to improve ground water quality in Ojai Valley. The new water made available by the Casitas Project will be derived from flood flows that presently waste to the ocean. As in most southern Cali- fornia streams, the quality of water in Coyote Creek and Ventura River is better at time of flood runoff than normal low flow or summer rxxnott . The conservation of flood runoff will probably result in improvement in the quality of water in the Ventura River at Foster Park. -186- Santa Clara River Drainage System Santa Felicia Dam. on Piru Creek with a reservoir storage capacity of 100,000 acre-feet, was completed in 1955 • The present plans of the United Water Conservation District are to release water from the dam to the natural stream channel, with subsequent diversion from Sajita Clara River for percolation in spreading grounds or delivery to Oxnard Plain Basin via conduits. Santa Felicia Dam will impound a major portion of the discharge from Piru Creek. Futvire flows in Piru Creek will consist of runoff originating from the drainage area below the dam, reservoir releases to the natural channel, and spill when the reservoir is f\ill. The over-all quality of water in Piru Creek is considerably better than that foixnd in the Santa Clara River above the confluence of the two streams. Since waters to be impounded behind Santa Felicia Dam are essentially flood runoff of good quality, their net effect on the waters of the Santa Clara River system should be one of quality improvement. Effect of Importation of Supplemental Water on Water Quality Prior investigations resiilted in the conclusion that the water resources of Ventura County are insufficient to meet estimated ultimate requirements. Importation of supplemental water supplies from either the Colorado River or Northern California is presently being given serious consideration. Tliese two possible sources were studied to determine the effect of such importation on quality of waters in the county. -187- The Colorado River Aqueduct Local interests have considered annexation of portions of Ventura County to the lyfetropolitan Water District for the purpose of obtaining supple- mental vjater. On the assumption that the area included in the Calleguas Creek gystem would probably be the first to receive imported supplies, the relation- ship between the quality of Colorado River water and that in the various aquifers is indicated in Table 20 . Data given in the table represent an analysis of imtreated Colorado River water and the maximum and minimum values for the individual constituents in water derived from the alluvium and other aquifers. In general, the value of each constituent in untreated Colorado River water lies between the minimxim and the maximum values for the same constituent in the ground waters found in the Calleguas Creek system. This is not true, however, in the Tierra Rejada Basin, where certain of the maximum values are below the values for the same constituent in untreated Colorado River water. Since the quality of Colorado River water is, in general, comparable to that presently applied in the ground water basins of the Calleguas Creek system, quality of the return irrigation water would not be significantly different from that which presently returns to the ground water by deep percolation. Wo studies were made to determine the effect of importing Colorado River water into other portions of Ventura County. The mineral character of untreated Colorado River water is similar to most waters found in Ventura County. Therefore, the utilization of xintreated Colorado River water in Ventura County will not create any additional difficulties or problems of base exchange in the soils . -188- ^iS o g^ •H "H -PCS o -H O. tM Oi 73 ■3 t^ •>^ "d -^ § E-. to O p. -3 CQ &. o s a O ■H CJ rt rt ^ a ^ ». o 0) CO Q. 01 ■p b g. o 5 s 0) -p C" c o o s •p •H ■P s Ui o " d r-i CtJ t< C g ^ Cli o =E. so o ■H-P O !«! oJO O ITN W CM s* 1 § (U ^ XI -P i § <» t. ■P o Oj ' CO t^ PS t-^ PS CO m o PS CO Li > &- CM so CM O OO O CD ri CM c5 CM O C^ CM C^! tv. O O CM o 5? U US &H OO O J3- O .oo ii I us OS 03 O CM OS US OS ii 8 += o (i, O tM -189- The use of treated Colorado River vrater in Ventura County might create problems of base exchange in soils as the softened water has a high per cent sodium. Agricultural use of this water on certain soils could result in reductior of soil workability and crop production. Its use for ground water recharge might cause reduction in percolation rates in spreading grounds or leaching areas . However, treated vra,ter would probably have limited agricultural use due to economic considerations and it is believed that these problems would have a minimal occiorrence. San Joaquin Valley - Southern California Aqueduct As stated in Chapter V, "Water Quaility in Ventura County, " the water to be delivered to southern California via the aqueduct will be calciiom bicarbonate in character. The mean annual veilues of total dissolved solids will be less than 200 ppm, chlorides less than kO ppm and total hardness less than I50 ppm. No water quality problems are anticipated if northern California water is imported as a supplemental supply for Ventura County. Because of its low mineral content, \ra,ter from this source would tend to reduce the average concentration and salt content in the ground water basins of the County. -190- CHAPTER IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The res^llts of this investigation of the water quality and water quality problems in Ventura County are summarized in the conclusions and recommendations presented in this chapter. Conclusions 1. The principal sources of water supply presently available to Ventura County are direct precipitation on the valley floors and runoff from tributary drainage areas. Historically, the major regulation of siir- face runoff has been accomplished through percolation to ground water storage . 2. The principal water-bearing formations of Ventura County are the alluvial deposits covering the valley floors and aquifers of the San Pedro and Santa Barbara formations of Pleistocene Age. However, fractured Miocene volcanic rocks are important sources of water in Santa Rosa and Tierra Re jada Basins . 3. Beneficial uses of water in Ventura CoTonty include domestic and municipal, irrigation, industrial, recreation, and propagation of fish and wildlife . Surface and ground waters also serve as a means for the disposal of wastes. k. In general the surface waters of Ventura County are suitable for nearly all beneficial uses during periods of high flow. Hovrever, during periods of low flow, waters from Canada Larga, Arroyo Simi, Hopper and Tapo Creeks, and Santa Clara River at Blue Cut contain sufficient con- centrations of dissolved salts to render them marginal or unsuitable for many uses. -191- Matilija, Sespe and Piru Creeks contain high concentrations of boron during low flow. 5 . Waters of good mineral quality are generally produced from the Miocene volcanics in Cone jo, Tierra Rejada, and Santa Rosa Basins. In Ojai and Upper Ojai Basins ground waters produced from Recent and Plesitocene deposits are of good mineral quality. In other basins the preponderance of ground water produced from alluvial deposits ranges from suitable to marginal or ixnsatisfactory for prevailing beneficial uses. Ground waters of such poor r quality that they are essentially unusable include the waters in the Recent alluvial deposits of the Lower Ventura River Basin and the semiperched ground waters found in the Oxnard Plain Basin. In addition, there are localized areas within the various ground water basins of the County where the groimd water is of very poor quality. Included among these are the semiperched zone near the west end of Simi Basin, the area south of the Oak Ridge fault in Fillmore Basin, and the extreme easterly portion of Upper Ojai Basin. 6. In areas wliere sufficient antecedent data are available it is indicated that the quality of ground water has deteriorated measurably during the past 20 years. Included among these areas are Ojai, Fillmore, Santa Paula, Piru, and Oxnard Forebay Basins, and the Oxnard aquifer of the Oxnard Plain Basin. There are insufficient data available to permit determination of quality trends in basins of the Calleguas Creek drainage system. ?• Surface waters of Ventura County are subject to degradation by highly mineralized waters from hot springs and by effluent ground water of poor quality. Runoff from certain areas tributary to Matilija, Sespe, and Piru Creeks contains high concentrations of boron and other salts dissolved from geologic deposits with which it comes in contact. -192- 8. The principal ground water bodies have been degraded by deep penetration of surface waters of poor quality; by sea water intrusion; by subsurface inflow from semipermeable formations containing waters of poor quality; and by ingress of poor quality semiperched waters by slow perco- lation through tight materials underlying the water body, movement around discontinuous clay lenses which may serve to support the zone, and inter- connection of aquifers through broken casings, improperly constructed or abandoned wells or through wells with gravel envelopes. 9. Basins where proper well construction and abandonment is considered important include Santa Paula, Oxnard Plain, Pleasant Valley, Mound, Simi, and East and West Los Posas Basins. 10. Ground waters are subject to deterioration by the disposal of sewage to cesspools, septic tanks, and sewage treatment plants with land disposal of final effluent. With respect to sewage treatment plants with land disposal of effluent, available data do not indicate any deterioration of ground water from discharges of the Saticoy Sanitary District, and the Camarillo State Hospital. However, there is evidence to indicate localized deterioration of ground water as the result of dis- charges from the Santa Paula and Ojai sewage treatment plants. 11. The principal industrial wastes which may impair or pollute surface and ground waters in Ventura County include discharges to land by the oil industry, citrus packing plants, and walnut packing plants. Water softener regeneration wastes, which are not restricted to industrial sources, and disposal to dump sites may also be sources of impairment. Waste discharges from' many of these sources have been the Subject of investiga- tions by the Department of Water Resources and the Los Angeles Regional V/ater Pollution Control Board (No. k) . In many instances, measures have -193- been taken to correct those discharge practices which would otherwise have an unfavorable effect on the quality of water supplies in Ventura Coxinty. 12. Excessive pumping from the Oxnard aquifer of the Oxnard Plain Basin has resulted in the depression of piezometric levels below sea level in portions of the basin and the intrusion of sea water into the aquifer at Point Mugu and Port Hueneme . In the summer of 1957; the area underlain by sea water araoiinted to about 1550 acres. The rate of saline encroacbjnent during the period October, 1951^ to summer, 1957^ averaged approximately 1200 feet per year in a northerly direction and 700 feet per year in an easterly direction in the vi- cinity of Port Hueneme and Oxnard. 13- It is feasible, from an engineering standpoint, to reclaim water from sewage discharged to the ocean by the City of Oxnard for cooling and other industrial purposes. In view of the poor mineral quality of the effluent, a major industrial jnarket for direct use would have to be found be- fore reclamation of water from the Oxnard sewage treatment plant effluent would be feasible . lU. The development of surface watei* supplies by the Santa Felicia Project on the Santa Clara River system and the Casitas Project on the Ventura River system will have a minor but beneficial effect on the mineral quality of surface and ground waters, of the respective river systems. 15. In general, Colorado River water is similar in character and as good in quality as many of the ground waters presently found in Ventura County. Consequently, if Colorado River water were imported and used in Ventura County, it would have no detrimental effect on quality of local water provided favorable salt balance conditions are maintained by the importation of adequate quantities of water to assure the leaching and removal of salts from ■tthe several ground water basin systems . -I9I+. l6. Kort.hern C. l:;.fo:cTiJ.c. water in cf exeellenL i.iiiieral quality and of similar cation ch .riicter to the v/i'.ter supplle-o of Ventur;^ County. IiiijK^rtiticn of uater from this ocuree will have a beneficial effect on ifiiner-l quality if properly mixed v;ith local oupplies. Recomme nda ticnd 1. Tiiat in the operation of surface and ground v/ater re.jervoir:: in Ventur-:, County, due oonsider:..tion he given to the problem of rralt balance so that the mineral quality of ground water rAipplies will be maintained and improve 1 where nece.si;ary. 2. That the current prognms of the responsible local agencies to halt the intrusion of sea vnter into the fresh v:citer aquifers underlying the Oxnard Pli-in be fully supported and implemented as rapidly as possible. 3- That water welj. construction standards and ob^ndonnient pro- cedures designed to prevent pollution and degradation cf ground water by the interconnection o£ aquifers, be adopted an.l enforced. •195- PLATE I DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES ^ATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY AREA OF INVESTIGATION SCALE OF MILES k:-^.I\. M ^ PLATE I R E (B DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY AREA OF INVESTIGATION RECIPITATION 18.76 INCHES 1924-25 1929-30 1934 - 35 1939-40 1944- 45 1949 - 50 1954- 55 PRECIPITATION AT OJAI V I /"^e , """" y___X " \ A [ " -^v 1 t ^ , _„L \ "^ \ ^ T /^ X X SA ^-^\— T V ^ u~^-^- t Lit )-— X 1 "^ ' 1924-25 1929-30 1934-35 1939 -40 1944-45 1949 -50 1954- 55 E FROM MEAN SEASONAL 'ON AT OJAI MEAN SEASONAL PRECIPITATION IB 76 INCHES LEGEND 1 ^m MEASURED PRECIPITATION n n RECORDED SEASONAL PRECIPITATION AT OJAI z s 4\. li / \_^._ 3S ,00 J X o£ -.- / V^ o. ^ _ , ^ __A --] - y^t. E g _^\ ^V / "^ / S - s ^ l\" ~ " ,:::::::::::::___^L__s ^t °±-~ "- -7S -H \A [ IS 3 -;/ -^^ V "^""\ ;r, ::::::_::::: : i \ ] , \^ \ _ S 1 i^ 1- ^"" rr"' .„^ . J s?t S i^ ^Ly .. l/^'^ = ,- § :__j': : ___l_ \,.t )L___L i i i ? = 1 I ? 5 s I ? s ACCUMULATED DEPARTURE FROM MEAN SEASONAL PRECIPITATION AT OJAI DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES PLATE 5 RUNOFF 93,900 ACRE- FEET 1.1 nil 1 1 1 ..1. lllli 1924-25 1929-30 1934 -35 1939-40 1944- 45 1949 -50 1954-55 lOFF OF SESPE CREEK NEAR FILLMORE PLATE 6 !v _L J L tL% ------ /S, ^ IS ^ \L..\ A I i::::::^::::::::::: \ ::::::::r:::::::: :::::z::\::::::K __________ \ f s -t- ^ 4 l-^ ^^- u I A r" L ^t - _ r 1924-25 1929-30 1934-35 1939-40 1944-45 1949-50 1954-55 E FROM MEAN SEASONAL = E CREEK NEAR FILLMORE MEAN SEASONAL RUNOFF 93,900 ACRE- FEET _ 1 1, »ill 1 III 1.. mil III 1 1.... ihil ESTIMATED SEASONAL NATURAL RUNOFF OF SESPE CREEK NEAR FILLMORE "° ..-- 1- 300 - - - - Jy -i\ aLsJ-u 2 ,„„ /___\lX 3 K ,oo-:::::::"":""::""~:""~j \ -^'L /^\ [ \ o K st \ IS ° _ A^ - —- ^ - \ - ^ .,00 S --t y~X~^~^~- -^~~^~~^~ \ H. t ^ i i r ^ ,^ ^ 5 - '°° > f \ n 5 D < .300 A - -1^ ^ -4 t^ ° 8 U ^ XJ \Z\ 5 2 ,00 \ L ^ "■ V N ::::::::: :: ::::::::t - -,00-- y^--- j--- L U " ___!__ -t .__L J] 1 s 1 ? - i 2 1 s s 1 1 i ACCUMULATED DEPARTURE FROM MEAN SEASONAL NATURAL RUNOFF OF SESPE CREEK NEAR FILLMORE DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES LOCATION MAP ^^/ r LEGEND ■^^~ MAJOR DRAINAGE BOUNDARY >^^ TRIBUTARY DRAINAGE OR BASIN BOUNDARY BOUNDARY OF RECENT ALLUVIUM A SURFACE WATER SAMPLING STATION ■ DRAINAGE WATER SAMPLING STATION ^ CAGING STATION DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY LOCATION OF SURFACE AND DRAINAGE-WATER SAMPLING STATIONS 1958 LEGEND ^^^m MAJOR DRAINAGE SOUNOARY ^ ^ «~ TRIBUTARY DRAINAGE OR BASIN BOUNDARY BOUNDARY OF RECENT ALLUVIUM A SURFACE WATER SAMPLING STATION ■ DRAINAGE WATER SAMPLING STATION ($ GAGING STATION r OF WATER RESOURCES WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PR0BLEM<5 VENTURA COUNTY LOCATION OF SURFACE DRAINAGE-WATER SAMPLING STATIONS 1958 LOCATION MAP LEGEND •B^BiaB MAJOR DRAINAGE BOUNDARY •• o ^ TRIBUTARY DRAINAGE OR BASIN BOUNDARY •■.— • BOUNDARY Of RECENT ALLUVIUM A SURFACE WATER SAMPLING STATION ■ DRAINAGE WATER SAMPLING STATION Xl GAGING STATION DCFARTMCNT OP WATER RESOURCFS WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY LOCATION OF SURFACE AND DRAINAGE-WATER SAMPLING STATIONS 1958 a END PLATE e AND CONTINENTAL IfELLS, INCLUDES LDS CONSIDERABLE gOSTONE, SAND. GRAVEL IG EXCEPT FOR GRIMES .iES SOME WELLS IN THE V AREA LE STRATA; YIELDS ENSES OF CONGLOMERATE. M6 OR CONTAINS UNDEVELOPED PERMEABLE N AND VAOUEROS FORMATIONS , SOME CONGLOMERATE AND EARING OR CONTAINS BRACKISH IMITED QUANTITIES OF FRESH ILEOCENE FORMATIONS D CONGLOMERATE PERMEABLE TIES OF VARIABLE OUALITY QUATERNARY ...»„„ r" '-r . i -' \, ♦ »■ T I -T„ -VI s.» ^fe» «^«\ ^ "a ""= *'* W '^ 'x"^ V ■■' _^, \_ O ^^_^^^^ ^VENTURA ^%'""^' >^ J- Jj ss ' ^ >. , , 1 .. ■H ■ • , • 500 1000 5000 10.000 ' ' N, 1 • ^ s 1200 ^ ■V NEAR BOUNDARY BETWEEN PIRU AND FILLMORE B/^SINS - <« (Between Stations 43- 24.8 and 28.9) 800 + 1 f" T ■- . L ■- 400 Mil L_ J • _ ^ ■' 1 5 10 SO 100 500 1000 5000 10,000 1 \ • • 1 i 1 - - \ 1 1 1 •'N NEAR BOU ND «R Y BE rWEEN FILLMORE AND SANTA PAULA BJASINS t V ^.. • (Bet ween Stations 43-15.9 ond 21.4) il .• . ■^ V -s 1 . "■^ il ^" ^ 1 50 100 500 1000 5000 10,000 il ' ] 1 \ MM \ NEA R BOUND ARY BETWEEN SANTA PAULA AND OXN ARD FO REB AY e A SINS s (Between Stations 43-4.5and 10.0 ) ' N 1 — , ^ ^ ^ — ^^ "~ - - k- r — .,^ 05 1.0 5 10 50 100 500 1000 5000 10,000 100,000 DISCHARGE in second — teet RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCHARGE AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION IN SANTA CLARA RIVER PLATE 10 1 II PIRU ' CREEK (Between Stotions 43- 31.8-0.7 an(i 9.6) 1 , <*"■" ■*'*.^** • ' • V- *^ «^ ■" • *■ 500 1000 5000 10,000 1 rn HOPPER CREEK At Stotion 43-28.9-1.0) • 500 1000 5000 10,000 SESPE ( ;reek (petweet^ St otions 43- -21.5-0.1 an( 1 3.3) ■'•-S. , • • C~* -3 • "r 1- r- • • 500 1000 5000 10,000 SANTA PAULA CREEK H — I I I I I I 1 H (BefWeen Stations 43-15.9—0.6 and 6.4) 100 500 1000 in second — feet 5000 10,000 TWEEN DISCHARGE I SOLIDS CONCENTRATION TO THE SANTA CLARA RIVER 2400 1 \ PIRU CREEK 2000 V (Between Stations 43- 31.8-0.7 and 9.6 rn ) \ 1600 \ s , 1200 V, s ^. ■x-^ 800 •^ ■>. . . ~ *: , . 400 • S- «< ^ '■ '-:--- 5 10 50 100 500 1000 5000 10,000 '2000 . II , \, , HOPPER CREEK 1600 •\, At Station 4 5-289-1.0) ^ ^. 1200 s M ■s ^> • 800 "~*^>-^ ^-~» ^ 4Q0 ^ • 500 1000 5000 10,000 1 , * . SESPE CREEK • V ~ r. ;* ,• (petweerv St otians 43- 21.5-0.1 3.3 ) - ! -- ' •'', n- ~ -^ ;. ;-vXJjJ -- —, -J -- — - ^ -- TT" -- ^ F? H 500 1000 5000 10,000 800 , 1 ■■; SANTA PAULA CREEK . \- "~ "< - H ■■ h.: •• 1 (Be/ Lreen Sto io n t3-l5.9 -0.6 d 6 »1 ' s- — — |- " - -- ,-— ■ . 5 10 50 100 500 1000 5000 10,000 DISCHARGE in second — feel RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCHARGE AND TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION FOR PRINCIPAL TRIBUTARIES TO THE SANTA CLARA RIVER CL+N03 ION i MOUND BASIN UNALYSES )N; LOWER VENTURA RIVER BASIN HCO3+CO3 ! OF GROUND WATERS ENTURA RIVER BASINS MINERAL CHARACTER OF GROUND WATERS MOUND AND LOWER VENTURA RIVER BASINS - WATER RESOURCES .-A .-. f-=i o } I i VnmJRA BIVIP ERAIHAGE SKSTW OJal S«VB«e Tre«t«eot Plant Culllgfto Soft Water Serrlce OJal Orange ABfloclation Ventura County OJal Dusip - CIbsb II Ventura Cltnis AsBOciation Cardox Corporation Shell Chenlcal Corporation Waaoo Hog Ranch Hopkins Hog Ranch SAITEA CLARA RIVSI OtAINAGE SYSTBI Satlcoy Sewage Treatment Plant CulbertBon Lenon Aseoclatioo City of Santa Paula Sewage Treatment Plant Mupu Citrus AsBOciatlon AnerlcaB Fruit Growers Santa Paula Citrus Prult Association Santa Paula Orange Association BriggB Lenoo Association Santa Paula Walnut Association Master Craft Laundry Culligan Soft Water Service Piru Citrus Association Ventura County Piru Dump - Class II Toague - McKevett Association Ventura County Citrus Aasoclatlon Fillmore Citrus Association Ho. 1 Flllnore Citrus Association Bo. 2 Fillmore Lemon Association Ventura County Orange and L^Kin Aasociatioo Banc ho Sespe City of Fillmore IXonp - Claas n Llmoneira Fruit Grovers Upton and WllllajnB Incorporated Satlcoy Walnut Grovers Association City of Santa Paula IXanp - Class II Satlcoy Loion Association Ventura County Orange and Lanon Association Ventura Pacific Ccapany Ventura County Citrus AsBociatlon Ventura County Satlcoy Dump - Class II City of Ventura DuBp - Class I California Vegetable Concentrates Inc. Vactron Corporation Ventura County Oxnard Dump - Class I City of Oxnard Dump - Class I Culligan Soft Water Serrlce - El Bio CaBariXlo Citrus Association Walnut Growers Association Ventura County Ventura County Camarillo Dump - Claas II CALLBGUAS CREEK EBAINAGB STSTW Tapo Citrus Association Slml Valley Walnut Growers Association Ventura County Santa Susana Dump - Class II Moorpark Walnut Growers Association Ventura County Hoorpaxk Dunp - Class II Ventura County Somis JJimp - Class n Paige Turkey Ranch Butchke and Company Ranch Ventura County ^ous&nd Oaks Dump - Class II LEGEND ai^l^^ MAJOR DRAINAGE BOUNDARY ■»^^ TRIBUTARY DRAINAGE OR BASIN BOUNDARY i!::.".':::.'a oil field boundary 'i'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.^ OIL FIELD BOUNDARY (DASHED WHERE UNDEFINED) $ CITRUS PROCESSING O VEGETABLE PROCESSING A WALNUT PROCESSING J SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT ffl MISCELLANEOUS DISPOSAL DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY OIL FIELDS AND WASTE DISPOSAL LOCATIONS 1954 OIL FIELDS AND WASTE DISPOSAL LOCATIONS 1954 PLATE 13 POINT NUMBER DATE SAMPLED CHART A WELL IN/22W-20NI Nl N2 N3 N4 "N5 Ne N7 N8 N9 NIO Nil NI2 4-3-31 9-4-31 6-3-32 3-3-33 7-21-36 12-20-39 9-27-45 4-30-4B 7-16-48 10-7-49 10-8-49 3-23-50 > 1 WELL IN/22W-2ILI LI L2 L3 L4 9-30-52 8-25-53 6-27-54 4-16-58 / Yso WELL IN/22W-28DI Dl D2 D3 D4 05 D6 6-5-31 6-9-31 6-26-31 6-26-31 6- 3-32 3-3-33 (Low Tidel (High Tide) \a)\ XX/ Nao - /w V\ ;)0O )(X /Xhco, LEGEND 20 100 UENTS • WELLS PERFORATED A GROUND WATER DRAI IN OXNARD >IAGE AQUIFER ONLY SEA WATER CHART A AND SEA WATER DRAINAGE DITCHES WELL IN/22W-29A2 WELL IS/2IW-8HI LOCATION 1 6-4-52 IN/22W-7J 2 1- 14-53 IN/22 W-7J 3 1-14-53 IN/22 W-I8A 4 8-4-52 IN/22 W-IBB 5 8-4-52 1N/22W-21B 6 6-6-52 IN/22W-2IF 7 1-14-53 IN/22 W-2IF B 8-4-52 IN/22 W-2IQ 9 6-6-52 IN/22W-27C 10 8-4-52 IN/22W-27C " 1-14-53 IN/22W-27C POINT DATE NUMBER SAMPLED CHART B Al 3-31-47 A2 5-5-49 A3 5-25-51 A4 7-25-51 A5 9-4-51 A6 11-27-51 A7 3-28-52 A8 6-6-52 Gl 9- 5-31 G2 1-28-32 HC03 ( OF GROUND WATERS lENEME AND POINT MUGU CHART B C).ASSIFICATION OF ANION CONSTITUENTS MINERAL CHARACTER OF GROUND WATERS IN VICINITY OF PORT HUENEME AND POINT MUGU 1952 N INCREASE '22W-29A2 -2 * -12 z -14 Mill Mill Mill I M M 1 II 1 Mill 1 1 M 1 II 1 1 Mill \ «»on SfO i,,f/ .^^ ''^^N. /'^ ^ y/ \ J V ' \ r \ WELL IN/22W-20RI / -e .30 ,^^ 560 500 400 380 360 260 240 v ^, / / \ J v^ V / -,0 .« / \ / "^^ / r^ s/ V A . --x/ 1 \ , ^ V 360 X 2 320 (E 5 2B0 z i ^°° z 180 u 160 100 / / / / j WELL IN/22W-29A2 / / / y ' ■ / / y 140 / 120 y 100 ^ ^ — ^ ^^^-^ , , , , 1 |,„ 1951 1952 CHLORIDE ION INCREASE WELL IN/22W-29A2 PLATE 15 AREA INVESTIGATED LOCATION MAP LEGEND • ni water wells mm PROBABLE EXTENT OF SEA WATER INTRUSJON DECEMBER, 1954 PROBABLE EXTENT OF SEA WATER INTRUSION SUMMER, I9S7 DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY AREAL EXTENT OF SEA WATER INTRUSION VICINITY OF PORT HUENEME SCALE OF MILES WATER Foldout too large for digitization May be added at a later date V-l^A\ (Kt=*Fi JiilV ,,. .iJj^ // r. '-"■^ - I o -r l/' \ /} MTY t* CJUtfmWA LIBRARY DAVIS toPY 2 STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DIVISION OF RESOURCES PLANNING BULLETIN No. 75 WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS, VENTURA COUNTY VOLUME II APPENDIXES EDMUND G. BROWN Governor ^NlVjERslTV Or CALlFO^'^ixlA DAVIS y^A- li 1958 LIBRARY HARVEY O. BANKS Director of Water Resources February, 1959 STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES DIVISION OF RESOURCES PLANNING BULLETIN No. 75 WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS, VENTURA COUNTY VOLUME II APPENDIXES EDMUND G. BROWN Ir '^^^"1 HARVEY O. BANKS Governor RS fc- kD sJh sr. OICO U3|0 ro • top ^ p tol. Hjo t~l-0 w|to w|m< op op ■"lo- ^y op HICP In tOlH Io o> Hi- K* to CO ko to I to in cvi lei cDoi hIh Olio o I Io Io Io Io p Io |M in|c- i-if* oK cdLo CO en inKo Hto o • rHf. ■"u ^k* '^U "^r ^'" [m . ojo injt- o|o cohn I oloj tol ♦ ^jin cr> • I -j-l • tD|.sl< rH • to <}• J Hp Hjto to in |r^ I |w r |«) H C~to 01 CI wlrf • cur. [ol. in| . tojin ^t- ^|c~ op op IP I"" 00 T p CO [ H . 0) Oiln colc- c\j • -' - OJJtO H O H ■»> CO 10 > r-i • to Oko to o CM . > CO o CD to rt • in O to oko to • to ' 1 18 to •* Ol to • 10 to m • tolin to to 1° op °H °H ■*H cokn coUf ^Ico* "b "^Is o w CO CD -PS OJ -H ok- mo lOO lOO lOio mo mo mo \n m mo mo IO IO IO ICO iw ito IO i-^ 1^ im CJOJ r-{ r-f COO mCO (OCT. OOJ i~i O coo O)^ CJ'Ji C-- o CD m o 31 51 tolo to o Im ley f- »i «B "g -I €• =1 «l €• €• ™t 9IS "Sh; "*H ^1°^ cop "J^N colo • * lw m(0 (0«* oto Hi-l HiH r^i-i i-lrH m o I to m o I o CO CV3 5S5 O tnr-( ■I n o -< to olSl (DO o 03 ID cd|8 > • O >ln olcvj iHlcu lolo ^i;- "P "p "p ~u op op ^\^ op op op ►^3 o 0) • o ICVJ o rH . o o 1 -J. o CT> . <5* o o > • !• • KM loo i in in in o CO O to O) c- -^ ino ino tom mo mo mo mm mo mo lift ItO IH ItO ItO llO 1^ lO lO o 01 ifi r-i rH w COO mo tjD Gi ifi i-i H cy CO (O wo OJ H H H OH O CvJrH rH rH c S e; -p :i m m « o a ^ D ^ ^ to ja r-> *iH o l»o u 0.O s-. ^S" T Tl « ■CO &^ c e ^t>» (» 4- (S a ^S ^a -nor kn r-j|a> cow iio |o mln ft- COM rHtH 0] Uj" Ot-1 W Op> =u ^u "P -"U ■'U na ^U :ihf ^fp -3.p H|!0 "^p 1^ >-i|a' ^P 'V sN "& "U "Ih- -'U (HI • rM UD ko to loi H . col. *l« Hf- I" • I o |o |o |o |o I fo] into (olf- oK tol* i^P top '-fO I I I B t- 2p -R ^R ^P 'I ' 'I kn ko »o p hr <° P fe F~ P I" K*' " .Is OP- C3^[b- r-tp- OkD CJiN* OJKD CJ)k* ^ICO tufco «3p Ofc~ HKJi OL-H HW> tJ> • CD • r-ll' f\' * • C • C • to • rHr« tol • lOI • Vl ' hl> n|tO ■*!«> lOkn rH|M lOKl OP ! olo oo 1 °P olo ob ojp op op op i op rnR cvjR ! ^f- I I I «D « • cwR cjR cop I y oP f- oto cop- <»f-4 ^P ^R ^ '-U' ''P ^lo- "U- "^U ""k- '^to- "to* '"P ^lo- *|cJ Icn ko .hK l«>kMfcopk:Ki|«l~HP>P HK) t>lo) [>[ • «ko -^p .Hfo> p «K oIh toko a>iD ojb op kM t- t-ko r-{\n tot- ^kn c-hJ- loko J? wp ■-it- of* lof* oK tofo cnp iH lOO LOO CD o o w in to to OJiD WW r^ ^ to «-l O O CD I O «tO t I iH I rH I r (^ -p 1 d) c « 0,0 s •0 M > 0) OHT) ■p -H G 01 rH H n Q -H m 9. - ..1 m b « [8 »< a 1 g [5 ^ rt u e S ;< a ■* ■p d « p -1 (d > to a u 3 K •H 10 4J c 3 43 -P W t: H c] (S B (< c yi £? 10 0. (O H in K W a^ d ffl T3 1 tOC-P 01 t, 0) rt ffl en m 1 ^ i ;< ^ o o o V "I Dp hK -B kJ> It- In CO H w P 1* »jkn "Tfo ■*[>) iDko OKO -.pfc c-ln OK D • H • 0>r. or« to tj'l^ ^loi oVh ow „p ^p '"tj %• IN > t~ ko t-iW 03101 10p5 top %• "P ^P "P to c-to toln 0^1 ♦ oil CD CO CO CO in u3 mo in in e-O ino Wi-t Wi-i 10 m I H c- in ^ .a « 4^ 0) d -P Id •9 w5 > o ^ rHTJ o OH a H n O P. ^ n ilin coin )l0 OiV-D I . hI • |to in >|co COlCM >p cot- 3p O C -IS SIS r^to inl^ loE! wK c-B «K K ow 1^- ^U ^lo- -"lo* -^lo- ^lo- ^lo- -Fo "lo- --lo- I mp I I r-ilm wko i i| info to I I !■* Kf I I Im jjlco inkn coKo OTkc mKo oK *p top totn ln toto OK) «[• col • CDl • cn[ • ol» fir. Wr» Hr* rH • (Mf. ko i-(k> Ht« rnVo «|lO U l-a- '« l« ko 30 op op op op I 3J0 oc V] KD 1] ^U- 'I I* -en H • I I '1 Sg IW p Ml • 01 • |h |o 010 WO HO HO 00 HO HW W to HW H iD 0)10 H to I H oi 10 to 10 ^o into t> in lo 10 10 H to ■* O N d H H--(rH 5S5 "I 4 4 =1 „|o 10) |o hr ofo o oi cow oH> "U st? gp S3U- 3|0 op op 3p op op I -1 4 I- 4 4 :>kn oko |o CO COfCO CO w %• ~C- ^1h- -kn irtp Oijco =|o o|o !| I op 4 f- i H ^ . « • H O C- 00 to ? to . CM CM o> CD H H CO to • M • h |o to CO ta o 1 (H • 1 00 o o inko IcD C\J CM O C» :o In ')< O CDO C- CM in O COO CM ■O' I O I O I O 1 o I iH I I^ oto r-io toto mo oo mm CMO ■* O rH CM CM O CM* iH»5rH o D 5iJt^ if*o ooPi 51is. ^!ei o[o o|o o o ^ ^ S ir\o ,-)o CM o in o CM f-1 M o (UNO 4^ UMf\ A N c« ^ lis t-l Cv) ir\ Jn iH » bo 0) -s C o X> -rt a +> OO a a ei o p^ ".E^ a • TO r-t C5 u d O C O -H M • s (. b • O ■O 6-- • ^ ■B >, ^ a S •2 5-2 3 d ^ ^ ^ .^ -gl-g 1?^^ A-IO tOlO Ollcn Hit- Dp '^(o op |o "^jo '*lo .g iCVJ I 1 IC- O I I I o • I 1 1 op M- . o I t I |o p inK hG" oP" lo *U -"U -^U "'P 1> I li^lw ole- ic 1 1 I ol. ^Ih I • 11 I tot- ^1 • It- I hIcm Io) lOl OW HlCO It- c-H* *c|w U "C "t op op 1(M colh inf. |(M ic- o • HP DIO liO H« op ojIo I lO) I ojr« I lo I oko oK ■* • in • lolro H sis 'I oj o 01 a wo lO o o o to CVJ ^ op op ■I -I -I -lo OlH HO Ca 03 l> ■^J" (DO IH I H I o ^ o l-t -P lOllO op iHO CT>p mo u>|o •* CO tol • inl • op op lOko fop otyD oH N • of • infs> ID p |w |« ofc- r-tfcy [CD lai Bole c- t "I- OKO -•u 'I Dp lOlcn p 1 MP o|5j n O rHTl _ 4J o»< e O OrH O c^ 01 O P- »< P tH a lO ID o y J. ^ m lO ■p o a 3 p •H +> U! C O ^ t. ;r. a tH s bp "^ O w p. to o oo H in K CJ H P o -O 1 tOC4> m t. o B ■H O O O Q ^ a) Pt, O CO a ;:: ti c 3 -t-> ^-: 5 rH tl c •H M O r' s%, X CO o W -iJ 1 nc -P n fn o o cii; o li. i^ D ri ■--. (h -l ;l ^ ■H 4-J -P i •— y £ -p to OJ 1 .0. 0.1 CO o CO s ^1 * O to H S CO rH H ;? CM s ol ol o o " .ol o o 1 O o O O o o o 8 O o • o o to '• o o o H to CVJ rH • O 1 1 ! ! 1 ': 1 ! to O sp. « 3> to • o o cy en to • o o o> CM OlH u> in rH • in In rH K to ^ • to • H O o CM c^ to • o to lO CM • O in Tf H • O H H r- o to • to 00 CO o o s rH • «) CO 1 CVlrH O CVJ pio t- o « CO ? o CD H in • rH ■* H CM O CM CM • o> o o to to CO H • rH en CD a; H • O O CO ro o rH • 05 O to 05 to CM Ol o to CM CJ> o 00 H ■sf a. CD CO o|o CO CM r-i • 1 H in CV> • w olo CD H M' K3 • op 1 §2 i-HlH CM ■* rH H CM « O to Oi to • CM COOi 10 . H O to o rH • o CM CM to • ^ o >* o CM • o 1 CMl^ rH . O •* • o Ol -i rH • O CO 03 CO O rH • 1 CO CO CO o |to ob in o > in CM • 1 1 o H CM D jin inpf |CM rHfn Km kM I- €• icy 3lcO WlW 3p to !> «^ ICM H Ti] • cmI-h tDlco c-H coin ^fo^ ;.ko t>| • to . cMl • inf' -sc • Hf Vo |CM H l« M kM lO kM p) |05 ko dV-H coko f-KM COhJ" rofo lOP °P "!« "M ^P "U "IcM- IcD c~lo kn |o kn |o l-H oSo HP toKo int- roK C- ^D %• ^U* "tj "R to CO ■^'Icm" |0 lt> ICM ko - N* ^\Ci C-ICM rHfb- H • CM • CM . CMf. tn rH CM In kO OD :i CO c- Ui< 3 • in . |CM |CM i*\Ci C-tCM M • CM . IrH |CM tlKtt £0101 |[0 l'^ in o t-\ in c« ^ OH o O H CM H CM CM to H CD •9 wo ■u o»^ a : OH r, H « o c o Hi •I Ito ko IcD KD ho loj tin loj loj it- cu lOhn tolt- toko oh^ ld k' loj lok' tolo* ODlo • in . :□ • Hf . H . H • a> . rH • to • « • o H H lo lo |o |o |0 , lo Ih I* 10! Iin cdIO CD 01 colco ko ^H wko 103 -^lo u^lo 1 ■^1 • to • O) • ■4' lO '.Dhi* ioIh loIoi inlw H|lO I HhO OJ hr Wk) C- • HI • Hi • oil • HI • W • I h|co Ih I« ko |h Ito I-* I oKd >|in tokj' ^jtx) oiki^ o>hi> tow HlO inhf O|0t) t-fc- ^p coko o co «>fO -^p H • CM • M • H . H . H • H • H • «!• « • |w k he |h h Iw H In Ii' !<»■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 op o|o 1 1 1 1 op op "Ih SU- ha' H to|if> rp top H OJ ^C "to- "U BkO ICO cop cop 'I »i i| =6 o^Ih mIo ko |0> <0H cokr W| • H • Iw Ih HP t-|o 4 CM ^H I iDfcO OJ • to • H • C- • OJl . I Hi • 1^ jo jto jo jtn I ko coh* H jo l°3 P" 1<" '-P I I top lOr. C- • Cvr • OJ • to • I 00 • joi jo Ih lo tn I Ih H* P H* p kn I p o>Hi lop- HE- I cop °>p -^P "P ^to ^C 'I ^P oo (H LO W CJ i-A OJ Li O (£> CJ C^ O to ' rH O C to OO to lO lO O OO W ■^ to rH to rH CM r^ C ' « H '- x> o -H e ~ rH P , o CI I H I l»l + olo) fVn inC oK nte mE- c-Ro loK O *H L, O W fH P. H « O P- I colw op op H p liD |M t- pi P ko lin ko kp ko HH hIh o>fo ol-i (dIc^ ioIh ■vfo rM m lO p >hi' ■* cr> top c-t- mp Hi- iHI • CO • Hf • ai • C-r • COf* CO • to • H • 10 • to • oiT* to) • fo |io p rHito p |m Icy p p p |o \o p P II I I (J^H I I I I I "-^f" *l" "P~ "-"I" I I I H • I I I > ■ °>P '^r-i ->'I° '"P I I I CO C-- I I I I I oil e Cvlf • oil • dl • rop in op O o ^ t.rH ^^ O .H rH 01 10 O CO O C^ lO H to f-l 10 O H (M ^^lO ■* O O to CO ' ' rH ■«< 01 OlM CO to H 01 H CM 3 ® -H ta > -p o 3 60 rlli. «H mss £ a ,&. •0 •0 I ■o-o ^p ?l^ 01 4J ol -w ^£ ^s 'I 4 4 MP> PI HkO (MS to! • CDI • OJ • inl I C^t Wto HlO r" c> I- lOlCi ko Hko -^lO OhJ* h|^ O'kr cnfn -^hIo ^^^* op op olo olo op Hhi* CTjfc- int- tOKT. -^W* ^B "u ^'U ^U "C t- -i-p top Tito I • P lo |0) I top- cyt- Op fOKD c-|o tohf mt- oKi c-p rnfh "R ^|« ~io oR I Hf- op .1 l§ I lO • I lo JO op 4 4 4 lO tijlo O^L-J ait- In "Ih- ^f;:: ~to- icko oL op mio h[ . w • a'f . Hlo OH op o op op Icn ley Icj ■^ko OlICO lOW^ lo lo lo Ot- lOlO tolt- t-KO tOJO. tOp r-l • « • H • jlO !■* I top . C! . C. . loj • H • rH • rH • o lo |io in |(M |m |cj olo op op op op op OJ w CO CD ■a c u o o o P.9 ? to '^to tDO W W CVI CJ O C- O O ri to W C) o to to o iV,fd <\< o H 0) 1 r-l 1 W OJ to lO ■H O H-rl 01 -H CO Of C/1 CO 0. O G o 04J 0} 0) rH.HH Ol g] 4J Ctf -P ■ ■ olo op op op op OO C.J C: S Hp3 Clt, hE -i'fO op "lo '"lo- -^fo ^lo- ^lo ^lo- -^lo- -B i sg i «| t- f- sp s^ ^ ^ i i| sg oo op op op op op ol ol ol ol ol lo t! o |o u\ |o I |o lo I 1^ H I''-' P: t-~. |o |o lo jCi |o OV-H HIC") kO LOl-^ IP olc- old o in ol-v HKo H • hI • t- • H • ro • Iw |tO IH Ito H nko tofc- I'O c.jo olo H • r4 • CO • 1-1 • rH • op op op op op op op o p 1^ IC] p oip op |o "^lo lo fri CO ICO I'Vo i|ci Vo I"* PLjp into olcy <0 fc- r '" I o.o |o 0|0 H|J ofe c^k ^IS ^IS -olS ol3 ^IS -io- "u ^'=Ih- ~C "C r>|o coB op inB rHp op H.- -u "u "fc "u "U ofb olo op o;p cop oop ol • of" col • ccI • t-l« c~l» kv) |io H* N* K> M <• -g €• 4 4 "B s| "I '^ "E- * -I ^g €• 'I- sE ^1 ^E- * « ^g * -g sg ;| s| ^i ^t; 4 4 :.y:§'. ah' o o o ^ i-oH lO • H • H| • CO \0i o coH Oh* '-I cj to cj> hH* u^h M • ol • K\ • lio ItO j-^ -t- -^ -h loi p loi oj Tj< ak:: to CD "l- "p "p CD to to Kji «fc int- Hkn ^L- ^R %• in • CD • OH 1" p Oil • oil rHhiT lO tOH c^ Hf . H :>Lo into Op |io |in ko lOko olo p oH c-Vn cDk- ^C ^P "'P 1 + op op r^ iH I in o H eg cvi OiO CIO c- o m in in o cd Ql .p -p •3 w o ! H ■a ) OlrH p. i-tltO Oll-^ '01 cDJo or oko CO • CO CO C- j' c- to o> CJ to • c; to to • in Okjl to CO to . n op + o|o 4 1 -1- -1 o oip H C- tD CO O to o b o5 CO CO . to ID coloi CM CV) H n ,-1 • 01 o -i olo W CM H ItO CDltO OlC- It^ M tt< OJ Cyhji top CvllH . ■a' . o o '1 o rH • o o o o 0) • o o o to to 5p. to '^6 in in ''i H CI b) C- to -J D ■a- • to • H H CO n oJ ! o to r-i • to O to CO o • 0> 00 to lo in o: c~ H r-i • o to * lo . I-: • op op g sg. ^ hIo oIcm lo 1^ toL-j ^t- ^P ^p n^ "I" 3p op op op ^- It- to CO ^ t> * • CMK- OKO 01 O CM . CM • IH Iffi |C0 Io op Km 0> OlCM OIK) • <-ll • CD • c- |co |> •*|CM rHp ■«i|CM ■SI c; top OKM -"U ^U ^u* «• I o ti C tH ;'■■ .1 "H. oo X cv 1 ?3C JJ .o j^ S c > u 1 ^ ■p 1 § t, 4^ en Ioj p c loj o|o o|o m|^. h|_^. ^I^. -h|^. .| .te ot3 ^'IS ^IS LolS o|§ ^'B §N si 'I ,| g|c: o,|c3 a,|g h|o ^.j^ ^|^ .| lo (-iko ic^ lo Dio inlco '^►o J^lo top cnl> colo echo ^ O olcJ C-H fOKH Cil • col • ■^Jhn ■*m ^Id "lo- '^fo *°P In K |cj p dIcvj toH t-lc~ o c- T.r. a>| • N • c • -hVo rHjO «to WIt o o cy cv: co o i-lO r^r^ ^ 4 ^ O ^ O C0(O C^<>1 t>0 |o ^1°. o|c .^ ko p |^■ op op o>p lo lo TlO tOl^ '^IC- cop O • rH • "12 "°ls "'IS |o \-3f l-r lC7» -^bo fHl-* . or. i> • ItO CVJ 13^ 031':** Op o\o Op |o loo M-fc- OJIlO lofc- CDkO l-fol iHICO "P "P "U "U €• €• €• o>hr t>p tobo inko oih oto top wlw It, ^ \kO IcD rH O^ en ■ MrH P. OC op op op H O w olc: (x lo |o CTi CD ICO lt h in -^ii: • oj • c • |o |o |o |t> MP '-^lio oiw ralto H in c:fc- c-fo OH HKn r- Iro |o |r- |to k |io |o: |w CO in o to 0, oj|to |to op op op op op o op op to ^-^ HjiO «fco o "^p p CO to In CD kM P P P |o |o |o Ir- loi 1<7> fc^ toko »fo H in toto M r-l\ ' H • Ol • rHf. rH P |o |o |o iDlcj cTiicD in|> 'oiin ^kr, ■a-H ■j'H too CD o> m 01 o:! • cv-'l • to • CJ • w . m in |io m \n cjlo cftkn (ch ol • cjilcu in p oj • j^lco op oilco ink ~ cop cop r-ik 30 op op ob op op op ob op op op pK> o! c- -3^0; t>H • p) c-'Ico OOP oK D • X • 0- • Cjf . to • ^ • ^ • to] • p lo; |io In |H |rH IrH H dIo csl-H -aip coki" "C ok)> ofJ t-F- 1- . tot • •* • rH . Olf • to • to • C • ko |to ko H P |w |cM Icy p op In p jo to to up cop Hin Hfn cy p ■* cy oln * oi yUn (DJ • rHl' inr» c^I • CO • c^I • coj • Hi • l-r Im jco ko k hP k N- H t-i P K^ |co §g 5g g| ^1 sg. S^l^. ►n loi |t> ko fc- IH Hkn tolc^ oH< into ^kd a>^ tor. lo • to • cy . c«r. !0 • loo Icy jo! |oj H fO In p Hln kn to tokn C-kO COkiJi op Cihii ^loi HP "t °'P ^tn- ""P "P ^P lo p Hp cop lO • ^ . cy cy OJ CO |c *| • to • H |to Icy l^ cyp kn L ■uiIh ho hS O ID c: H 01 to I 1 I I CO to to to O H to H 'i I O r-t| : 1 o o O o a DM D 0. 1 toko to o> DCO lO 0-. SB oo op CO lO to CJ 4 lO lo oo ci o 01 o i> lo too wo HO too <0 O too HO OO HO wo WW WiO wo wo WO wo WH tOH tOH > Fh f^ ^1 * in in it! O n (D CO CO CD OS a) O H to o la a, := a o N O! N C rH»H r-l Ol 0) ^ 01 -P •3 W 5 O e e ^ u O -H „ OHO. n o K oo EH o O CM O CM . o s CVJ • o op |o to « t> f- CO CO o « • H O lO H • CM CC op C~ CO -* • c- ay CM CO CD O CO CO • 10 LO cy|in > CO Oi cu 1-1 • CD CO r-{ If J .«■ o to CO O CO (0 OJ Op op op op 1 -B ■!• 'I fa '\ «)<|(M IP Ic3> inko pi oKo wfc- cnico c-l • cop rH • cor. col . oko in . \-V Icvj (to rHhf |M Blcn lo^ CD|^ t- O Ca CD in H • ■a'pi ' ^U '"U ^k 'V rHl^ 0|0 ^loi cDlco In oj p «>n op in • int~ ^U ^t "In- "h ^lo CD H MO U3 O MO 4 iIlo i-i|w in' |H loj op lo Ito cop '^IlO «3p (ijp- lOlCO |o |h h^ |oj Ih intih rH • OJ • I I oi • to ^P sis °V 'I 'I "Is " OW Cr>H COlCD ^lO CVJko -^ItO tOlO CD cyfcy (oF* coIo inlco mtn ^ o cop .* tn • cy . H • « . car . lo . to • to tn k |to |in 1^ |in p to C!>K0 p I CDW "^r> O • Ml' 1 tofn cjIh I CD CO CD CO 031O lOtO COO CDtO HO CD "S" r- - to H ^ H 1 H (D +> o HH IS oj +> 4^1 C 0) J3 .9w o s s M H fel << m t; ;:: K ^ u ^ 1 A. CD r; •■ ^" ■■ ■■ rH > 0) fflrHTl „ 4J o-H a O m rH C E< M o r -1 '71 Cj - &■ to o 8 ■rt C H O 1-1 ^t ;rj H h S o a (< v a a w o CS iJ H CC > to o -^ c ^ to o +3 fj C § +> •H jO " C H o OJ ^ § 60 p. to o oo ■-iin X M o U -p a " u -a 1 !0 c -u n ^, o o r. ^ |to inlw lot^ ,hIh |w H * M ley loj |oI rHlto rnlio N- hp lo IM Op- tDIo ^IcM oko cnfc> into ©l*^ o>|tD oH^ oto tnto d-km •Dto rHkb t-fei (mR< ^^l^ "op in en cow olo colo loin toi" (Mf" oi . to • to] • to • to • to • *r. tor« >or» to ko If In |in I'D |in to to to Jn 3p op op op op op 1 inn op op op op op op f.i COlCn tOK i>to ojo tT>o oto roo tof into c^to t-to inn ton oco ^ CO t- 11 t- « H to C- 1-1 ) O CUM c- to o I r-l ItJ IliJ l*»J 1*^ l"^ «^^ ■" ^"_ i^ too G'i r-i O to "DO y^O lO to t> O t-O lO lO u ^ 1 0) i: ffl &* ® :'. ' -o a rH T3 jj o-H a O OJrH O r< n o p T. - -1 - fc. lO o 6 iri c H o H ^ ^ r; e ^^ u a ^ c p o d M p H a > to a •3 -." c to o +J o B 3 ^ *3 \< t: H a m S c •H !•-? ci. to C3 oo r-i in X cv U -u al o "O 1 to c -P CO t, O Q) n j2 ajft, o m ii O E- U a 1 c 4J P to i ■z. § o c 43 m ■I ll 1^ 'I 'I -•£• tOlcO Oifc- c-H iH pi c£ifc^ tOp- |tO pj< pl< I- ^1- '^^ CO OJ w T °H °l° °l° "£• °[ tOlO (3iko to • c- • oPi cukm inH lolo sfjo Wp HkO t>p •3'|> \f|0) ^Ico >lH tofc^ Hf • C~p- N . toN' tO[ • CO • trp ^t • i£» p to • |tO ^1 h |c~ l-H to op op op op op op o lo I P <-t OJ H • O 1 H • 0|(M OJ N H • KM c- o to H r-i H to r-i H O p to • ^ 0) lO to toitri m ^ i-t • OkD H • CO S tf o o rH O (D . * O OJ COkt' to • "Jt O 3 Oi Cj to to O O H iH H 01 r-i a> O O CD "Jt too rH •* (>J lOtO 1-1 to > OJ OlOJ OlOJ |lO | inr« OJ • CT.l-i coin hf Ito toH ^\o •r\ ' o . lOHE tolt/^ |0J ICvl toko ml-* m • oij • I(M [OJ to H to OJ t ^ i' i' OT) ».p (^ ^ f^ OJ p d ^ M-< H >m w Oti S 4 « O C ^p o ( p 'I "b- ^lo- "13 -^lo "lo -^15 °l° "IS ' ip €■ €• f- f; -i 'E- €• 3g H lOl 10> O . , I . I colt-- Wkf tD ™ lO wlto « t- CM tn C--hJi H I to b> ^O C- • CO • CO • rH lO • M • I Hi • to 0> Cywt I 1 HIO MR. N> I r-o coo 5S5 CO o 31 31 Ito Icy kn o) CO • ^\ * lo |o I 'hI • r-\\ • MI t> H CO to CO-* C- to CD to CMH r-l-* iHiO CUrH <-liO rH-O O 343H OJM « H^ t. 3 a ^-^^ c o a •H ti -P C H > » •H-l o arH 3 t< H cr m -H 9 o-p a ^g^5 •P H C o « era ~-t-H a a XI 3 *> » 3 o-c 3 0) O (D 4J iH tH •kC (d -p « ^ > o ■O -H c fc. 0) 3 O O p o-o S § " f. 3 C • •P -H (S ^iSd-d 4d m-P * 01 C CO. ^ o o rH O 3 CS XI 4^43 3 tH C ft .-P CB c a 01 CO ^^g . •-0 0i> X3 ft. o O -H C 01 • t. 0) -P « P m 3 3 -H m (S Q ^ a, ■P . c .H • 0} O rM-O P -H IS§- » m > « t. it a -o 4J (DM • tn p t! o c § CS oo o S3 o ■p c • t< O (. 3 t^O) »< (D 01 P 4J -P C > a a! 01 o fjS MS 3 »4 "'.fifcg H 01 H :3 (H OJ aJ aJ H ■H o P4 m o § ■H t« bOol O 0] j:: 04^ e-p o o c ^yj &, to « o o «H •xjxlx: d m^i-^-P PL, ^ a a a t» >.;. t, f. ^ .XI lH «lH ID 01 T) •O tJ-O p 0) (B 0) O t» a N c c c r-H w5ooo •5 «fl o-O e«-i lO in •H > I CO o I O ■* lO O (£> tO S E ;sb 0^1 to H O ol o| o ol o| O P. Jr. J. .p. J. |o |o lo |o lo lin •510' CM in ot- lo lOl kD H l!9 1^ I™ °' "^P ji • O) • oltD w a> en t> olr) rHlio lofc- pj into ^(to hfo m into (M • « • 01 • oiT. m • oi • m . a> • m • hi • tn H in p p p p p p Ol p Itn top tOK top HlW I>k0 OkD cdH tOJH C^p 0)|01 OllOi OlpH |c^ It- ko |h Icm op op top inlto ^ • tol • Ol p OllOi Olp cop I ^bo toK I H- p Ih H' (Dt- inlo §F. sp. 5:R 8h sh sp. hIh hIh hIoj h|h Kd I-* I I 1 olo op I c-ln H, fo (M »o p k< p •* ^' yfoi inkn ■^lo ho -"j^p Ih i o^Ico ^^p- 'I -i\ • tor* Ol . a> • 01 • oil. I H • CDf' I |oi In In p In p I p to I \lWi OKD topi rHP loSo oRd 1 1 p ODkn 1 ,p o,p oi^. Hg H^ «p ,| co|^. -nf;. ,| hKt to lo In loi P I Ira fpi I j)ln oHf c-lo op tofo i£) Ol I op rnKo i nf- Ol • COf. H • to • 01 • I Ol • rH . 1 b l-a- ha- b Ih h I |o In I rH ^ ^ to C- iJi C- ■* C- rH c--m in^ co^ oiw iDto tow oim 01 HH cn 01 O iHiH H* rH I rH ■p crt 1 rH t3 _ ) n M 5 rHi 0| iiS IIO ICO I I icy Kj* rH mIh I t In o |o |o 1 I |o |o |!> ICO •5Ky into coiCM lo lo olo -^io ">] ' CD • (Mhr ihIo inln o) w >»i|o T ^IS "P ^K Stn- "t ^R tola) cDlcvj toM inkji o CM o ro com olw in . in • ^ . ml . |co Ico |t~- \m 1 op op I I ojlo ojpo ■I "lo- -13 I oB COM I to . in . I "Is "P Iinkn loj rHl-* Op rHln ojIh I «!• (Ol • 1 ■v\r-\ CVjlO 3p Op 64; o CM I lO CO cy to OJ cj o ■p d APPEHDIX B NEEERAL MALYSES OF GROUND WATERS, VEijruBA oomnri TABLE OF COMTENTS T able Page Bl Mineral Analyses of Groiind Waters Upper Ojai Basin B-3 B2 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Ojai Basin B-^*- 33 Mineral Analyses of Ground Water? Upper and Lower Ventura River Basins . . B-6 B^i Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Piru Basin B-8 B5 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters FiBJjnore Basin B-I3 B6 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Santa Paula Basin B-24 B7 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Mound Pressure Area Basin B-40 1 B8 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Oxnard Forebay Basin B-ij-lj- • B9 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Oxnard Plain Pressure Area Basin .... B-46 i BIO Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Simi Basin B-6I Bll Mneral Analyses of Ground Waters East and West Las Posas Basins B-65 B12 Mineral Analyses of Gro'ond Waters Tierra Rejada Basin B-71 BI3 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Santa Rosa Basin B-72 Bl4 fytineral Analyses of Ground Waters Pleasant Vsilley Basin B-73 BI5 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Conejo Basin B-79 BI6 Mineral Analyses of Ground Waters Nfelibu Hydrologic Unit B-8I BI7 Mineral Analyses of Trace Constituents in Ground Water B-82 Jl APPEirorx B lOIERAL ANALYSES OF GROiJND WATERS- ^^EBrI'llRA COUKTY Presented in this appendix are t-ables of mineral analyses of groiond water saniples collected from wells and springs in Ventura County. Tables Bl through Bl? contain all data available prior to May 1953 _i including analyses of samples collected by the +hen Division of Water Resources and data obtained from other agencies. Data published in Bulletin hSk^ Division of Water Resources, 1933,. are not included. Tables Bl to Bl6, inclusive, present mineral analyses by ground ■^7ater basin for each of the 16 basins in Ventura County arranged according to State well number. Table Bl'^ presents available data on "TTaee Constituents in C-round VJater" for the entire county,, All mineral analyses of groimd water which became available subsequent to 19^2 are presented in Appendix H. All analyses are by the Dl^-ision or Department of Vfeter Resources imless other\7ise noted, ^fethods of anal.ysis are the same as shovm in Appendix ky page A-2, except for those analyses presented in Table BI7. Analyses in this table by the City of Los Angeles, Department of Water and Power;, vrere determined by emission spectrograph s^r^d are accurate to plus or minus 50 per cent of the values shoT-m. Data from U. 3. Geological Survey^ Water Quality Branch; Sacramento., were analyzed by procedures presented in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Sewage, '22 ) American Public Health Association 1946 '^ ' except as follows; Copper - Bis-Hydroxyethyl"Dithiocarbamate; Lead - Dithizone; and Zinc - Dithizone. Data obtained from the Santa Clara Water Conservation District and a portion of that obtained from the Ventura Cotinty Farm Advisor re- ported constituents in parts per mill.ion only. Equivalents per million B-1 for these analyses were calciilated by the Division of Water Resources. In Tahles Bl throiigh B17 analyses from wells in the Ventura and Santa Clara River Hydrologic Units, located within the watershed boundary of a ground water basin, but outside of the boundary of the more prominent aquifers, were placed at the end of the table and classified as tributary to the ground water basin. In Tables BBl throtigh BB17 analyses from all wells located within the watershed boundary of a ground water basin are included as wells in the groiond water basin. Classification of wells as to aquifer or aquifers of production is by the Department of Water Resources, based upon well logs and water analyses. B-2 4-> 1 t. « rt £0" >^ i3i t) -H > m .-> .H B H 1 1-. 0. ■H :0 Q ca u^ n r: a c H ■H iH H rH s C p 1^ -P t: L c 1 to c c 3 +i S.i CD ffl a ;< c .. .. •H » D, r^ lO K W W-P 13 +3 H °i « H to H il ■ « gm a CO nf* tofo ojIo 00 c-\<^ =h op op "I -I wlin -^io to|to tojio op 00 t!p lo hr to OKD «Ed c- • >o . ko |(M 3 to 3 |o MUD ;£. kn i-l • CO . ho Icy fo |co c~fn 03 to IP) lin C--ltO tDIOJ O • I- ■ tola) inlco 'I L I op ;| 4 to|2 "^t" H CO tofcl h In C~|o CO CM tol • CM . ko loj 0>Kti |(D O hr wp iH • co- in hi" OJ fco I ° p op H • to • I lo b t- sl -I to ICD Icy ■^lO Oilcjl colcn •*[ • toI . col . CMln cuItp Hko ^fo "j-te iifo Oil . 10 . c« . CN)ko cviko mIo op op op -i 4 '\ C-p wl • wp Cvjp ca • h|c« |to op op p I o|o tog o|c Hf. M . oil vi-i ■wIh c-tc H H |c mP tob> toN "b- 'lo- He ■a-ko ^ko »)i|u 't-- 'k "b ob BCD 01 to 01 • |cu I" OJhD ho Hi • 10 >0 tojo <.|^. op 00 3|0. toll T • Oil -tin ■^p Hp toc~ to w CO ^ CD to U CO n -P O -P etf 4J M rHH a B tiio CirH t>i « •H ■m • i! ■h as . (i.t3 ^•^ a s >> >> a OS Fi ijia &. -U 1 fi c o C-. o '" " o i>>" > -u •H -H ■" !-■ a 2'^ c. g d " -o " r-t > O -^ o ^ E o n M p. Eh m O C. -• eo o m •■■- to C o ^ t: H o i-H t. c C. u a J c c 4J > 3 n r? o o K c K « c J^ +J u: t; c-^ ^ O •a ID H -^ Pi D 3 m r4 Q , oa" e §Q » . 01 rHl Ol olo cdIoj I ^lo bo |iO |a> Iw O . lof . ! op 'I "lo- np in coloi n^ oo • O oHb o CO "U ■^lo o |io to lo CO > j>\o |t> ICO |tO fco a>lo cilt> r« ^ • OD • p olo olo op op « . M OilO lOlO t-ICU • c • ICM |C )A " " > -p ^ -H •p c e a ■r^ C o^ a '.-. o ■^H t-0 jl ? n iH -5 t> o -r* a o nrH r. r-i n o a a ri. to c § :] ^ ^ ■H H (. e CI. 2, s * m c o m f. > a to o D- K c ^ to o +3 c 3 +J ^ -U t: u a u a d. m J oo r-i LO M -u •o ■*3 i-l a a a s VI t. ^ ■H UJ . H /> f. =■?§ • " n 03 Ol to fo in cvilio He.' "L- alo \nfo rltO r-ll!> "Ic^ M 4^ J 1>,3 H4i ShiQ 3 o B^ o S 3X o t>» ao t. > O a n o ® «D ^ •H >>> O ^ -D O K TJ 4J J B NH 5£S5IS^ ) ^ o -a o 1^ 60j3 ^ 0.0 ■• ^ -A •■ •• © *H ;^. sh H o W M c rH > O r rH T' JJ J -1 E E-i n o C. -. r ) o m •• "I r. s »H [-■ H rH .. .. P Z!i rH J; n l: „ C o +J L, > .. .. w a .. .. • H cn to o C ^ ■p se; -rj C t.1 o --. X « w -^^ t^ ,-, ■1. r4 c s m , ^ O '*■- ■^ a 0" "S'^ m hr ko to p- lo |o |o |o o: coco hr o oH o • c^ c- lO o ■*! • rH w oil • rt • IrH I l« |o lo ho ^? kO loln wkc Hf* c- fc- ■"ff • t- • to • CVI • OJIIO ■^lOi QJfr> CM|^ h|S ^•)Ia) ojlo tri\n wl-* -.j^ltD oj|to cy|*^ op op o c- H • toico CI ho o Ici o • o . op op lO 05 ^ • to I.? ko w p ■* 101 p •* IW N to . cof . r-( . cy • n • jo • Ml. !>f . «r. I lo |o |o |o |o lo p lo lo I |C^ W Id) }■* kO I0> C-tH ^f* ORO "^ko fc~ kO ho ko ■»ko Op rof . CO • oif. mr. inp wp ■^■p m . ^U ""P "P ^R SIS sis °^P "lo '"U ^T cxikn p ko k^ Iin Iro kc p p CmI ■ (DC- ^^^-l rHp Hp TOO C-p p Cikj Hp to • 101 • col. r- . CD . to • lO . o • Htoj lo rHko CMko oip wp i-ip- v>\r-i cyj-* p H 1^" wi-\ cjitH toln o>|. evil. c~r. f\ai h|« top ok oi p I |c- CO . I t> . lo I lo lo . |C^J op c- op -J- . to CD Ol . tow ■*|. CVI^ 3p 4 «g. ^1 • COlOJ (-tic- CVICM to • rH • In H Ki op op b op op op |H |W IW jg lo p |o p hi 1^ ICJ Tp f-kO to . mp I« 1^ ICJ °k °"k "U O CD >fc- op LO P OIKO of • lo . c»j . cal<5 op op I '^Ic) "|c3 'I IDKIl hK of^ ,p ^|\ .^JCM c-K (cp inr. M' « to • top Ito h I H IP I COM. ^Ic- lOJC- |W Hp lo o to CJ -p 4:) +J 4J -p U a Q. p. p. Oh •H 0) 0} (D O O o 43 S • • • • O O -P -P +> -P Ti o o o o iX> Ko OJP OtH jo In |.» | hj< OlCvl HTO lOlO H b Iw 3p Oil* oto Olo M< CO vjf. lO . 3|CR *|C0 to CDICVJ <0^. mJH LOltO C^kD CMlio WfcO loi • «r« op op •I f^ EH to • I |o ^E €• to cohi. HP CVI . IW let) ■ip in to b- fo wp hI^ top Id "Id toto colco in|> top liD It- op op Io to • cyl . o |o OIM hji WW op Iro ICO CO CDp- . ^r . o Vo «p w|o icD |in Im iin H f fo p p iH Ih tofw WfO wp Id |d Id '"Id "^jd "Id |d IiO top \0i to 01 O 01 tOlO) tOKO • Hi • tol • W • o w p wp Iw kn wt- o m St.- "Id COKD LOIO oilw wlc- (DP c- N- Ml . w • Iro l-ji op op p p p p w . w • Io p win toko "U "p: cop ■* • •* • kH |w t>p oK to • to • Iro |W Hhf ^p °° Hk> ^|d '^lio c-Ic~ of* Him wto lOlC- tolo) tor* tol • tor* |in |in Jn op op o I u\ hH jto lo> |io o>|\ «p,o[^ 10J ICO ko o inlco ojko f |w Iw D WlOi lOko • op hP- 05 -P 4^ 4^ 4^ o p. D. o. a O 4^ -P -P JJ ffl P -H S E-i n o c. 03 o a ■H 1^ H .-1 H rH ^ r " rn c <-■'' t. t^ > to □• w c ■H tn to B " iJ> ^ bi t: f. ^ G £ u cl - o o X w ^, ■o g.g ^g ^ oi) «) j^(0 am m\ gg. a> t> o ri> w c\j y^ H H w iC (O 'J' -i -I €• ^E lO OJ OJO O (-J • to • toj-^ oj|^ ojjtr 0J|-4^ op op op op leu jin b €• DO • ^ CM H Icy olo . CO • to tnlCM Ioj a>|o o to Hlctj 0) C^ICO O • H • rH • C- p H in Hico in p top • CO • H • O • l^r Him r-t to Hl-tf U tol-q^ • • O • CnF • O, !■* |in |io Ifl H kD ^ lO) jD Icn im |co to kn |c- |h Icd Icj ItT) ofc~ coko lo b) Oilto CM p CJp lOro c-p coin oi p tOT • c-r* c-i* rol • to! • o • loi • to . to • tol • to ■ to • |in |in p |to |io lio |to |^ |^ Iio p \ir> p kn 1^ p lin p |to kn lo p> kO toko HP HP op to C- ^ p- C~ ro tJ)W CD'S' H trj roj ol* cu • to • ^ • to • to • ^\ • tol • C^J • c-l • • cvjp cviH H m H !> hIc- hKo Hll^ HP hIco HP Ico R H ^J •^ "h -^ ^ H -H S fl C « H S'^ HI B > o ^ i;t ^^5 S tD „ o ago ^ IS °-|^&" J) H H^ W«-l o XI H ffXl 01 fl to C-i'?H TJ oj c tr o p C n o B 3 ■P ^ jJ j^ © "d B f. C .. .. s :^ - o, o o H lO X CM r^ +J ^^ «5 M H i ff s ?^ "O lo |o lo cot- cote 1' p '"P ^u ^U t~\

    ho r-ilO (Mfc- t-kO . lOPO Ml* toluT olo ol IS ■! P lo I lo o|> cyt- inp !•* kn :)L) olcD (Dw* :>r. * . w . P p p r1 H -1 CO m p [> cy H <-' ;o cu '^ H • a: 0) o H > in H H o in a> CD M (D r- CO Cvl K CD Ci • O • CT) • ■cjf o CO cy CO CO « • 3 8 to to CO • (M n to tj: rM ■* CO • f • t> • i3 -P 3 t. -P H m O -H 3 •p 4J n c m n c •H t. c o o o o CD QJ H C3 S J3 (HO. o t>>o (Dtn c5 aJ o ^hcd © -h t^cD +> j3 tc TJH 3 1-< O g) ^ O d £>3 CI >)-H !>» ■Or-l J3 n XI IDoJ t» do - • - cd O CD ol 0) H-H N g N 34J t>s 10 >> ht3 a u a ffl-o c o 5 o-«^&< o & o C "^ P, o c ^ .. .. -p -p t; " i-H ;- c 1 -^ s [J 1 o .■■■l o o O -^ K c; [^ ^ o; iL (-) ,, a o 3 ^^s ■J -3ci ''M « lO O) CD in eok o • aV ICJ liO kD ko €• °i €• 4 J to kb lO |a> ] tor* p o c hf to ko w ko to ^Ico cik> inln c-loi wl^ lOiH ^lin loloi ctiIw to • CJl" rHJ" in • rH • OlF • H • C-l • lO • ,^ ^ O -d rH 34h O as d Pi O d £1 d a f> t>.«H >. ^ t3 rH^ ni CO] >> •C 43 C T) H T3 (D o) O O Oj © rq rH -H N C N >3 3 43 tl 01 (>, rH O »H rH H OJ rH T! OJ t« d C uJ-O C O C G) ^ r. tOsi p 1 t, c a i£ " " " V N " " >i5 IQ ;1 ..^. -1 > n 0] rH '^ *' O ^ B o n .H p. ^ n o p. Q t< 10 o c a o C -i ^ g H iH t. t ^ g CO p ■* C O ■P H ^■^ ^ > & '^ o :=3 c o -p o B 3 ■P •H 4^ w c iH CO h "' c .. *. •H s aj Q. U> O oo rHlO X CM U JJ HI ■O ■P H a C '^ i m ^ r-t ^ • ■^o in 01 to • o in o) to . o Sim CO • cC>0> CD CD H [0 o Oi to CM to o ^ • CO I> o • 0) . ro CO 01 oiko ■^ o CU • Ol OJ to 01 00 . o CM 01 01 !>- CM . 'J' oo ! + + ' O H ■^ • O 1 1 1 CM H o r-1 • o in c- • 10 tr- H • in in u3 CO . o o lO > CO • o > tt) to colcn o ■a' H • CO CD CT) O CO • CO !> c- 1 c~ t- 1 "R 3 p op |0 to KD OlH CDH OIKD tol • o\ • in . H IcM ^ kn p COKM CO ■» OW CO t a>\ ' T • inlcM cDto t-kn nln ^^|lD j-lw into Hte ofai CMkn "U ^u °P MltO top" CmIw ^ •i, rH >5 3 -P 3 t, -P M m O Tl 3 -P -P B C a m B •H t. a o o o o O OJ rH J3 JH « o A o g e I 3 S ^ ' O. O t>vO a 3 » « n o Si o *> x; t-i •o H 3 s-i o cd (< o ig ^§'^«'^ (>i.rt f-> « * t>> *> CT3 H T) 4 O ® CO O H-H tg C N 3.P >»3 (>. O -H iH ^ r-i'X3 al U tl oca c o 2 o-< <&■ ^ fO o tea 4j 1 t. c o ^ :; *" i" f^ ■■ > *J •H ^ -p l: S W" " -a rf > n a rH T< -p o-i e o n r-i ex Th M C. C -1 M Q .. a t. to c Q S o i-i H H t. C c. ^' c 4J c O +j t1 t. a > .. .. 3 ^ c ■H 01 to o C 3 4i -P i4 d- o iH s 5 c s til s' c3 '^ . O -O £-3 •H H 4J M +3 4i +i o a c c ■-1 «s o a I-' >i 3 -P 3 t, «43 rH m o >^-H 3 ^ s 43 n c a > ra c -H t. tj c o O 3 O O ■73 XI OT o H t, .H e E ^ © to E >o t. O & n u e a o o O © ^ en +3 J^Im (>>-H . -H H 3 e" t- '1 a ;< H 3( a P4 • u 01 C 6. D O. a n rH a J3 01 J3 a t» C -O •O H "O o © o a o .^ N N C M ;-p (-j>>a !» , -H rH H H i-o c c o c t, c a e a, 3 g^ :^^, C. »H 10 3 o i" I- ^E- p -U "P "P op olin loo "to c~nn coRd VJICO ^1 c- b coH oko 4 €• w c- olc^ 3|t> ■3'Ki) fc- ol'^ tokn 'J'lO >H to ' I I 1 > ' I 1 op op op op op I I £ |W |M tH toW) kO Tl |« |(C IW kn to -O li" 1^ Ol^ tDko |[> inlH ofo ^|iM o w inCn mCn h o> lol-H coloi ti- p c- lo ^ko oko :-lw mto o>| . o> . o> . H • oif . mf. 01 . cnf • a> . osl • f- • co . mi- ro • co • I'j- ko |v l-r I-* I'* ko It I-J- (■*• to |to It It ko g|T kn |W t- p kO |W |(M lo HlH P |IV |<0 to oip c-to o>|o *op- top (Dlaj cop (Ojco o|> ojp toJT ojjCM inkn op T . t| • T • •*!• T • T • tI • T • C- • iH • lO • in • lof* T • It ko It k<3 kn ko ko jio jin |o> It It It k c--p inko Tp c~ko Tp Tp ojo Tto top cup ob wLh tKd cvjHr kolio 0) H H H H « (h 3 C B a ® o n © u O iM uhh -p H-O 3 a I. C t»fc. o a s H H N !> ■W 3 (>^ H 01 3 ft n a c m a b5 HH 55 4J u c a t, o rH (■> a -p ■oca n rH a) K CI T) rH > n ■p o^ e O HrH C E< n o c. a m [-- to CI D z t: M rH r^ U n P n c +J r-i O r::: c .H n lO C -P ^ ■p a u c s fcO s a K> K '^ o o MlO KCM pq 4j> ffi ■a i) 0. Da .^a ■^•goa 'a". m I in ko o ^fo) o lo to hn ICO H CM OiltO • 0^1 • CD tOlCD (3^103 01|C\) ^ k- inlH n • c«r • |iO li- op op IS .1 %• 'I ICO Icn in ko loln o]-^ p p tof" to • oj • oj • |o |o |o |o ko OlH | O hi" lOl • -^j*! • "^1 • |CD IcO loo ■*ft- inlH cvito CDp C-ln C~|-* "P "U- "U olo olo ■a<|t> CMp inlio CM CO cop- oh:* ,Q P (O ' ^ leu J3 lo 71 lO 10 P o 0> to n to O O 0) CO ICVJ ID CVJ CM H • H CO H • Ifi c~ko CO o r-i • en H CM CM ". CO ^. CM CM in in OD CM c^ 10 t- • 10 • to n |to CM O 0) • CM CO CD CO • lO CO-J" 0) to • OJ I" CM ■5' to CD O CM * • to o Oi CM lO • O H •* ID • n ra.H -ci _ ?s;^l »H CO _D -^ u. to c 3 C r-^ r| H ■H t* - C c -P •«• n c ;1 4-> tH CI C r to u c •H -P c 3 ■H -ti c tH a u c T^ S s 0. 0' H to M M W -P ca •0 ■p H a G - n n cj « rH ■** ""t — CQ ^^n,- s* -' W s . M to W lO OJ 1'" coo op OJ CO to • ■* • ID H to IrH ailcD tolcvj (M . rt • I'* In P o p o Iro p lo ( lo p p 10 |< ItD 103 ko l^D |< ir> ifil-* toko cop in ' • HI • cy| • tol • CD o p to H < OJluO 01 r-|in HO. top coko info inln ro cvj olto c^ko nl • CTJ • Ol • tOI • to] • tol • CU • tol* CO • Ito Ito I'* |h H Ih |h Ih |h jto iH p to |c- to 3 hr ojfn HP to to oFf top- ■* D • O- • CD • 01 • to • CO • to |in |io |in |h to to olto ^|o oto ot- co|c~ cofc- op lokn o, Dto ^to cop oto oto Hp- oip oto •* hI • hI. H • H • h|. H . H . Hi. H to p- to hr Jn In ^o In coko o>H H C- cop ■* • O) • to to p to OKD C- H Oil')' co|in ^- €• c^ko cot- oak ojfco wSo OJ ' Icvi to Ico ko gin in oj >ip OKI dIo cnt-i cok a" • Tfl • •* to to K oIh .£l -P +> alH ■H E-1 m • 3g ID tn H ^4^ O 3^^ +3 n (u +j -p 01 n c t. o ^ C © o o 3 o f I o. ^ _ © tD to 3 C S j30 y p OH t-, o t< t. O fc- ti I © 5 to e p. S t. .. n fl) o © ^ HO © m iH -p Im j3 -a >,H H H • o rj-O 3 OtOti C Oj ^ (0 « O H (>>N>>H J3 H T) X) .nj3 PI o IS © >. C 43 ■« -ens H n o al © O (D OJ H H H tc N N c; n ■P 3 |.»t>>t>>3 1» •H O H HH H T? H tf Qt (d Pi a ^j 1 u c a » u K p. .•_ ..g„.... S -H o C C n c; i-t T' jj .:• ^ E O CI r-t p. El n o 6. -1 «i O m "...j TO C o o s •-( c H H .. •-! E i H ' L U ! c c' H > ''- "a rt o q c o to c " JJ +J Sd c M 2 B c s to S o o o o o rHin xw o W-" J o . H lo lo col'r ^ C\i top (Oltb Oiloj t-KO ol • lOKO OjP C^IT) tokn col-* mhf I P CM ^ p I lo |o I CO Km ioIo) H' °^ to -a-lo oH c- hf c-lo r. tor« to • tM . rHf. wi . lof. b b o b ^H H| • Wf. rM • <3> . tOl . rHl . |vi< It- llO I m Ir-I W fc- lin jo H t-i\^ cnto tolto lyD |0 oico •.Jil • tor* C-l • [Ol • CiiH HI • OfcH tOJOl OlKD OlIO) Oil • 0>10 HIW mR" I« 0)1 h o lO Ic- to lOi t> t- ^ to 3W O) . Dj • lOLo jm jo Ko |ro |cn to |io |ro ko whr [--lo ^-|to ojto cojio oln ctj oj o|ti^ tokjj to • « • IMl • 0> • N\ ' O . lO • CD • O . •olio ^fc- toKo lOltD tolio -trho o-l-^ oj|- lOfc- Op OltO ClIiO WjCO lOKD toj • tolyD CV) • O) • h| • lOlO H • |ai K^ Jn rc« |io loi ko Ko c-loi Ico ob co|co cop |o ko H" oijco loi tj HJb HM Hkb Cyko O • O CO lO • top CMfc- lOfO to • cofn P ^U- "to- ^P "P "^fe -^L' ^ls '^U "15 "^[o- ^Is -"fr |o K»i ko p ,0 COl^ C^KSi c-ko w| • o|o •*| • tol • C3i| • C3i|ai cm| • OlIW Cyl-H HlOi tOH CyJH -ko ojp cop oko lOp tofcn HI • h| • Hi • IcD li> ko H CVJ t.H o 3 4J n as a H s t. B ^ O IE >&. P- 3 o H -O J3^ OS ID C +^ T) TJ O (S ID ® tH H N e4 ■P 3 W h »K o H H «< o • (d ^ ^ 1 f. C o (u ;s tm o ... 15& .. ?. f. .. .. o H > n aj H -c; u O *H E O 01 rH C Eh m O C. Q tc &. to o C a O C H rH r H rH C ^ C 4J V C O CO ■P > & « C o c -H lO 4J ^ G 3 ■P -t^ -.4 C o rH cd (• c .. .. ^ s bO ■^ o n, to o o o H lO « W O U-P a ■o -P rH o c. m f<§ rH O . H XlcQ 3 . w ICO « lo lo Ko ICM op COlCD to !> coko to cr iR I I > ' op op I I c;|n lo «> leu oFt' lolc^ OH cokh -P ^R "^R ^c^ OH rnln inK rHko 1^ ! ^H a3lcj loloj coH V ^h ^b *is *ls OlCD •«>|tO ICD hf cvikn OKD CUIO ■a^I'* CUIOi OlCi VI • * • I> • o • to . 1^ jto coKf tol^ i-'j' 3p op op op 0( (oko sr. ^ |to c-p ^-|cn lo k~ (O hf cykn Hp 'flo) ojIco loi to lo Hh* hI'W ley IcD p kM p O»o rHH top oiko cuIh ^1 • loT • lOl • lOl • (Of • oloi en U- *p e>iU r-ilo loln o • "Tp ft-i -^p ■^L* "^[2 '~'w '^UT "^U! to O^ CD 01 O c^ to C~ C- (O CO CVJ O H CVJ "i* o cy OJ to rH eg to ■>>' M" rH eU H rH rH IH «H tH 4h H OJ CO rH OI CM CQ o d 3 c a as c tH fi rH O o o CJ) ■a J3 » a) tH H j3 J -p a n go *H • m 3 .H rH O t^ CO g ^ O QJ « 3 t: s ex C o O O O t. tt tH n OC3 1H o >,!>, »H O rH H rH ■c rH a a a ■o a c c c; n J' .-■ -H e H n .- 1. ffl rO c a (J rH rH rH r-l P 4J -P i > o 5 o K) C " +i X i: ^ C t. a c s to s o o rH \n « « o q; V a> rH P ci to . rH J«^ CO H mIh c-K> ■a'K> o>P^ „p ^p u,p ^p >|;. lo |to to |0 iVcn okn wkn fv-t • o • ml • c-| • DW< t-k< loko c-fo D cob- COliO WltO lOl-* lOkD OlluO COlW Oll^ • lO • « • « . lO • ■3 Vo k> rO ItO H b* ^° rH • I o • op ml • hCh toto c~E cDfo io|« ^p mp mp .op ^p okci mlco coloo cofc- c-ko o>[h h • ml • toRb ■*l ♦ rt|» lokM t-Vo tol« inlH 103 fn H b H injro c~ko bo c-p ml • CD o> "J' to CO • tclo to • ^ • I- p Ih t- 0) H c-tco tojc^ CUl'* cot toco to CO cyko ko t^Vn oit* Hfc- rHp Ofc^ -•L- -'Lr -'L* IP KD CDK> ■J'lCM op I op I ,1 p ^f3 .1 I I tor" tor. I Bcvrtco toKD lo to CMkM Ol-O- *KD ^p -p "U- "p "^P P CvlK "J-fc- fRD op C ^u "'k-- 'to- ^U golco ol^ ojIco c-to rHlo LOkn !Ofc- c~kn tolm op l-l HH '"U ^U *R "R toln top CMp WlH ^pH rHp top M-pH |> jin '^p It-' as iH &s m o a *> n a c o o Tl XI X ■J d H ® S"^ 3 c s x; ffl o o M -H 0«H -P 1-1 u a S^"^"^ ^^^ Ci> T) t3 *H ■P 3 (•»►■> ■a << S^^ 4J 1 s^ is a H > OT ^ O «H E Q K t< a C -1 H ;^ E c U -p ^ m c O U P. S o B ^ C 3 -p +J ii-i c cH a u c .. •• ^ -5 c, o o !<; M w -t) •d D 1 -J) t. * H il C S 3 d s ■ op il |o lo I |o olco inio c CD op op H fp OjIi/: CDItO Oilc-- HltO 11 HK) P . tof. to . -^ • wr. 1 Mf. O P P P P p ko kn | inl-i iirM o M "lo- ^io- ^E "Ih- ^n tDlCO GilCO ^lo: t>IC0 O -^ Ol'S^ >K- lOl- LOlCvj ojLh (MKD Oil • oj • oj • o ito OJ Oi o c- -^ a- (O • to • OJl • to • Ih |o Io |o to [CD H |«^ lOlO H • ol • 01 • H • I-* H H Iw cohJ" to|co H|a3 tOKD cyfc- to to to cvj cyltD op op op op op op op op op op op op op kn /3 |w loo ^ w D hj* 'S^IW ol-* CDIO) 3 • C- . CO • ID . |to to ho |oj €• €• 'I:- ^E- T)ko olin oiko li-p oikn oto C-'Ui H C3> H CO oRr H • Hf • H • H • Hi • 10 p in |in Kn Kn OJ O fcQ <; ■S CV) CU CI ^- o m • ^ • 10 • OJ o to o in OJ in N c H . w w H H +> B B .01 © H t»4^ 3 HO to n ^ O 3h H • CD • f" to to •H CO IO en in fl a t> I> c^ 1 c^ ra . ►J a H 8 H H CT> CD 1 o ti o 5 B 15^ ao o a •H 0) i-, •PIlH^ ti H-H in in m ■a- to OJ anal by d Pru Pao s of CO cv) CO CO 5 >>-< in ■" CD U3 in c o ■o tan IS o d +> H •5 (0 H 10 ■O H a a h ceo |CV1 |(D ICO Icn D 03 |S m|S coto c-lo Olio o^fS nlo «fe cJf mK jhIS g-IS °P '"P -^lo *U "P ^U "'U ^P ^P U "lo- %• "io- [>|t> hK oCu Olio i«K« c- . CD . o • ml • ml . Oj|lO W|lfi tOfC i-HllO hK) I>|(D • Ml. cji • coin rHl. rHl. H|» Hi" cii • a> • l> ICO k k HltD r ^ i3 • -P C C C • a a s o ti rH-P -P a! 3^ a) cS C I < o I. 3 O O O f '' 01 OrH ■H ^H O C JrH C 171 g o 01 ^ -H • ra a-H -P r-1 H © F^ CO S (D rH 3 c s a^ h Ci. ffi O O O t'lTJ ;< [< h ^ n 0) n t^ o o! tt •HOC - . -P X' Ml ■m -P t) t»a ■H O rH rt rH T3 rH 3J OJ Ol C< «-H •O o> " ■ < O • Ho* H/1 CQ 4j 1 u C a d. o e^ a a B« o <0H Tl o n i-i P. »^ M O m fc, D n a c o -( ■rH ^ H •»H e e « n c o CO Fi O H 10 C ■H n o c 3 ■P •H -P w c o ^ ID 3 F< C .. .< ■H bO cj> s lO O o o K CM W -P ■o +J rH q| CO . H ^CQ S iia 05 op op old IDiO h|w h|[0 cj • cmI • op op f- DO op ok> c- p cj>H ■*r« ^ • •^i * H |0J |CM tH ^ Icn ^ Hj' sg sg f. o|g .Is i< • in • |CM |CVJ np CMfe ofo "15 ™U "p coK oiRc Hfo ^^ln C t. n • hS-P-H t< H ^ O 01 3 ffl a ai a <0 ;< H o ft O U O ,a 01 S 1-1 bO t4 -P oJ (3 3 O S H Xil ft © O O O 'o (< h F< « o O <;h o U3 01 Vi -P T) ^ t^ t>^^ ^ © -H t* H ^ 3 C O 3 ol t. -H 01 -d a XI +3 tj d 9 H 'O JD O J3 rH ol © ft C -P Tl (n « a 4» 3 t^ [.,(>, ^ O H HrHi-l ■OH 01 ol ol H •o 01 q c d to 4^ 1 h c a A. u .. ^ » .. .. ^■p 43-H _^ O C B o-H a iM ^1 o liH O .. ^ " " -o H > n O H f 4J o ^ E O OIH p. Ch n o c ■H CO Q ; . m t. _rO C o S *H c r-i ^ C a c ^ o q ■p u c > Kl O e p •■^ c .r^ Dl rt c 4^ 4J i< C i-H td eg S a c s M O '^ o o O <-t lO K cvi o H-u 01 -a 0).-l u a. a a Q_a ^&§ « 2 . 3 3m ^ . m Ol i- to Lh Hlr-I OilC- OifcO |o lo to |o H N- H l« °1 CM cy to CD tH kf ■5 c- cvlro ior> lofo cdIc^ oIod cj^Icd cnH cTjIto ^fco toLn \)l • rHl • evil . tol • cul • ojI • oil • tol • -^1 • tol • c^l • \o p o b to b b ^1 rH Vh cm ICM p CO P fi? ICT. CX) liO In CM (OP tnw' hIo> CMp c-p hIco hKd c-]cd o^Ico coKo c-Kd Ol • r-i\ ' o> • Ol • «ji| • K5 • cm • to • cn • in w o • hH" ihIcm H|k5 hK* iH|« lOb «l<0 Cm|* OjO to • tDKM U5p CJIKO cmI. op Giio (Olco o>H cDko coH lOp (DkD co|cD npn hI-i "IS "p "U "t "U" op 1 CJl CM Ol IC- CMlCM p. sF. ICl OOK P CMC I . ^ =[= p p ^ to i-p tol-i r^^n M . CMl • nf* CM CM CM ;ir. sr. sr. K) h^ ^n I op op I •*|t~ ■>!•& loltD (DKM «>I • o> . col . in ■^t^ ICM WH lO) CDIh tofc^ top CD nl • to • CM • CD ko |CM |CM (Dp tDp COlCM rO inp HP Ol'V 01 hI • H • H . CM It- to M5 H 'i 01 o 'J' CM C- • H o to • o CJ o b c:i o CD • «|8 01 in Ol to • o in CM CD [O to o • toco to . S|8 01 o Ol 01 > • to !> top H to to to to • to o|> to CM CM . to CO CD to CM . O O o|o O O o|o g-° b ' to • I b 0)1 • CDI p fo oln lot-i tor- of • HP HP ^ It H 4i ■,^ f. H O Ci JD O (D ID H 3 t4 B Si: fj P^ © O 0*0 t. (h C O Ot lO «-l in tM -p ts tH ^ >,HH O »H t, H ^ 3 C O 3 Ql V< H Oj 'O S&.fc. IS a, Xi 4^ Ti H TJ il O^H c -p tj to tj a O a) DH O S •H H M a e4 n ■P 3 t^^^t-v H o H H H H tS H OJ ol QI H ■ 01 « o J a O n rH & E< m o C _Q ^ t, 10 o c s o c ^ r-H H H ^ t. t o f< e "Ji c O X3 > " r (0 o ^ o 01 o C ^ d -p •H -P ^-:; t; .. .. •H a f. c .. .. ■H u M o. CO o o o rH lO H -P P r-H n 1 OT s t.« :1^". s l« a • m CO in « CO cvi oj to OJ lOl KO lOi op i< o> > t4 O H 5 ^ t § • Fh H t< 01 (» 01£l . 0) 4^ -p p ;^ to 3 & C , Jl O 3 «-i^ « « S ffl a > I T F. U - — I 3 o a o ' 4i f. H o £ c . . .■^ as a 5 (Dr-I QH Bxi o a fi OOH >>0 T) f. o S> ti i;-t o o (d ^ t£ ■H O 01 c Tif^ x: '3 ^ C o ojiw (3 3 ^ Oj • O ^ 73 01 CU p 05 -P 01 +> TJ O ^ ^ 01 OiH >> p. " >. (.> >, <» t» rj rH H rH rH 19 Cd Oj ^ C) r-< aJ ^ ox) « Vi bO^ - loL-H ^H cvjl • colcn t-Vn CM . IH |in colo WIN i> fco hIh to • tof . ko ko lOlO OjICO OH t> o> Mf • ^ • H Oj wjcy OJICD op op op H CO cup hI lO bj •>!• • !0 • H K» Ic- ojI'* OIc- t-Hiin to • lO • rO • lio Vn lio lo I I op cjptr hIco lO • o • o • r^yn rHl'C rHl'I' CMpH >p- O) p tof • ml • -^ • C-ko HP op oip >? p wp H • H • H • loi If- p P P 1< . •» . lo lo IH ko CD Cvjp • C- • H • |oi Him cnlco cop hIc^ O C I IlTj ICU CJ ©101 • cy] • 1-3- IH CM top • in • to k op op to i!0 to oi |i< kn to op top c-jo c-p • c- • to • to • to • H In p JH Ih H|N injtD Hlai :>|o M p p (■a- p to op tDfco Hp inp • ID • Oir« lOT • to • to jf |c« |oj p IO >IOJ p cop HKj- O Olko ODp top top • HI" O • H > Hi • to p 1^ p p |o) |i> a <» CO HO) § rH OH op S 4 5g CQ 3 a o o • o a t^-P Hi to ti H s H i-S g 3 6 d S JS B E 1 ^ © o o i;-! "Vh 3 iM -p ^ TJ TJ H C Tl oj H t, « -55 |2« fu Gj a) o -p ^ -p -p H O T3 ^ J3 O O « ^ S to to > >>3 1 H O I 0! H I C oi H H HH III! rH CO CO ti) o to to ID lO CI LO ^ tl' CO to O CO O CO CO CTi oi o| ol ol IC^ fr~ IlO HO H CO O CD T • to • to • to lo O kn |c: \oi OlcD q pi c.KO Ic3 '\o ' [o O Colo loo' tDlO CO • to • to • .-I h |o |m 00 to ICO CD to Kf to If k |o O ICO l> It colo toloi c^Ic:^ oj p too op t>:i> inioi u^Lh cdIo 0210 r-iV^ o co colt- ^' oil • CDI • (Dl • a I • col • CTi - C-t • col • c^l • col • hI • h| • CJ . 0J| • rH coko cv:k) cuKo o:|to o-iio oj|to c?|io cv;|in oj|to cvjfto -Olto :oIto co|trt roKo :o tolcM cyjcy olc:^ ^rjio lolc^ lolt- lOlc^ i-'.|o oifco wlco h|o Ojoi c-bo Oiko ^ op rHl-1 HC rHlH rH rH H rH ^if-l C 1 Ctl ^H C: HIH rHlrH i-ip Ofo OlO) O (0 • CO|» CO • cO| • lO • CO • fjf . Cjl • CO • -ol" cof • (O • « . CO • to jcn jtn 1,0 to |i.o jo It.- U> |t-0 Ho Itn l-n to H< ICVJ CM cultb ojlto CO • CO • C« OJ [o Ic ^■^o CO f jtO Ic- r-ilO i-hL "Ic! "Ic ■^p Mp tn|io tokn cMjcy cmIh 01 cv> cjp n |C0 ICO cop ^ (ji colo e |co b-j iH irH Iro Vh jc- coH tnlco toko to hIo tofto cvKo C-f . t:J • ri ' r-| • !> • CD • CO • ko jO! Ico jiO In to 1:0 IOJ |o jtO |3) p K? ki, to tolc- OW» -^fc- tot- rHlo Olv to • to • CO • oT' loi" to • CJ |CJ |CV! |C1 |C! |C1 |CJ toko lOko inko tojo inkn top cop KKVl C!Ct; CJKtJ Ojlo CttlW Cjlo 01 K' H • rHl • rHi • i-HI • rHl • rHf • rHJ • |to Ko p |to [to p p ICU IrH P 1"^ V '.rilto '^■jtO Clk' • to . O . O • :i Ico to rHl^t if- |o p p c3 CO c- ok- cifco • CO • CO • C' • c. !&! 101 In Iii"; ojko cjikn top Ol 01 KJ" oiR' -a-lo ..• -^Ito- -^u -^u •H C O t< ■P t-l-( (D 11 +J -P H -Id d rH t-. Ug CO o ^ (d 4J C rH C to M 3 1 o I CJ I H uO CJ CO c •a a3 t. ©or •H n Q] cd B^ d » t^ d d d 3SSl 1 ^ I 1 ^gr°^. 1 r-,-. •■ i- ^ •• ■■ •S 4J ■P -1 2 t' c O -H C4 «1 H O «H « *?"... ■■ ^ r-H > O ^ ^ E O n rH t. a ' m '- c o 3 t: ;:j rH •H C c o n n „ C o ■p t, > '^ ':' n " o d „ to o B ■P g i-l ^ ;- C s u '^ s lO CL* o o' HlO « W U 1^1 P ■o O r-i i| t< s rH O "B r-l £1 • (D s n '^ am m m (O a> . lo . nf. I I I I |o \o |o [o [o lo to |o |o lo lo |o lo I I 1 I iHH r-1 H OH WH tDlo otw ^ CO (olio wH !■> |o I™ o CO ■a't-i rHKj ■«>&. inp. ON oifsj «fc- rHbi (Mfo lO a> coKo Nicn op iDJn (Ol-< «p CD • Oil • Oil • col • CDI • Ol • (-Hi • Cjl • tOl • lOl • tOl • rHl • tol • ffil • Ol • CiT • Oil • cy|io cvjjto o:|c:> kIlo 0:^0 toKo toKo tolu? toko tor^ tol^ toto tore wKc toKo w^o wjuj H I* jm P P I'T ^o |w Ko l3< (to In |raD lolco icri' cokn o u-j ^Ico Oii^ ^01/3 c-fcjo Hkrs i/jkn ^1 • ^I • lO •

      K^ ■^ p tc\f> *p top 0)p Hkn opr • cor« to • cor. a • cor* CO • co . cor« 00 . l . col. cof. c-l- 5Vofcokokoko|ioIto|tolokoM|to>o kr. jcj kc fc- kn |i> l^^- Ic- p p- Icy t- t- fc- IF- ojkjj H k) loIco tDioi tOKO Lojco lOlco culto injco o^Ko inlco lOlco lojco . top vt< • (O • top top top top top top top top top top lev |CJ llO [O! |W |C1 |0) |CJ JOJ JCM |CM JOJ |0J JCM Pcoto toko lOim cMp cop toln Hjio op Tp ^op r-ikn toko Hko (oIoj vh •<3'|« ■*h '^|'=j< 'S'V-t ^p ^10 ^'loj CMfco tokrj top toko ^[s -^P ^t-- ^P ^P '"P "P "P ^P ^p ^P ^P ^P '3*l0: top CD* * C- t- p top* to d 3 ■a a p 1 p. C c] Ol, ^^ " V ►^ ' IB a _ W 1 •0 di-t t: o n .-H B •H W Q t. 10 o c s o C o fH g ri H f. E c. u s^ ■p •* c o 4J t. fi r; > CU lO £ o c •H lO o JJ o c D ■p -t^ tir; c .. . M a u c -H s '^ .? Q. to O o o rH in X CM H-P T3 ■P r-l n c Q 1 M . tiS r-l O • rH ^ CO B y m s • m lO |«J |H N kfi tH 1^ hv> hn ^KN) OH «[« 0« L-1 tOfOJ in C« lO K CD H- |o |o |o |o |o lo lo |o |o lO kO H 1^ ll^ I™ f^J 1^" 1"^ I'" ciH oIh ^Io hH ^i'^ c^'ItH oh cop cop m co H K,p *p «L. ^p ^1^. ^p ^p lOp «p ..p I- C' ;OKM cole Cofo CD O h H H M H H lOfco t>Ic~- coioi wio oko lolo t^lco lokn ?^H ^Vh o^lh rnlo oiioj coiio ftO C-ff^ l>|t> E>l^- 'HVo oIoJ Oly^ CDlOi a^l-l C H Olt-O MLH O to tOlO iHltD • OJl* OJ • 03 • to • tOl • lO • CVJ • Wf • CV; • to • cOI • -^ • ^5 • lO • |io ^o Iio \in |uD l^o ro Vo |to 1^ Ko (to |co l^c |cd ICO lOkO ihIoj OICO lOlO C--ItD tolo] oR> in|cD coH '-'^1^ ^1^ '^{'-^ wloi tolw ^ wto -^Iih ^lio tolio oilco c-ko -^po hIh nTu^ Cib^ tohf wu-? i-tlH olo • toT • *^ • f^ • t^ • <^ • ^T* fO • y^r • to] • ^ • tol • to • to • to • lo kn ko F^ I^^ 1^ ]^ F^ t^ 1^ l"^ K-*" 1^ 1^ 1'-'^ ^h I I I I |o I |o' I p to H |2) |co H H I''' inlc- oipH ofo <> > f-Jc- ofc> lOfO -a" p CO • c-| • o>I • CO • coT • Ol • 00 • a>\ • to lio |io ko ko to |to h' nln cop '"^ tot- •3'fc- "ft^ oifb ^t- to • lo • to • « • tor« to • to • tor • |oi to loj |ci |co |cvj l^j |c.: top op Oiln oiko top top inko op o: to toko toloi r-ip op ojfco cyp top '^\ij ^p |tD p fO |tO |tD p HO) H 0> Cjfo tDKO 0>Co cr. • 01 • CO • to • ior» Ito to |to \oi Ico tojt> top hK cop OlUl "!cT "|c; •'U -^lo- "to- f-ko lOltn top top cop top top- in p -^yi to 01 |to p |c^ p- p ^ in H 3 O O c J C^ H C O f< +J M H 01 (D +^ P r-t ^ta ..OXi H il O O O ID H H •H H r-l H •o c q c IT! tax: ^r O r-t « CJ W CJ CJ to CO to 'O C^ CO ►o to ko no |o I 1 I I t 'ir-i Op O M C- « ' I ' I CMl • CD; • (Hf • H • H • U3| . ^1 • I I I I lo 1^ |o |o |o |o lo IP It~ I^ Ito |C- ItO ICT) ICO Np iH Itn Dfc-- rH en -^[G: COlCT) H IcT) tO lo^ ^\fT> CMH ^tw Oha^ coico VJ • to • to • tOl • tol • tol • to • -c^ • ■;<1 . lO • ol • lo jo lo |0 jo |o jo IrH |rH Ih |h lO) |H jto ICO ICJ lo |to |o |tD h- |a> flo ^' i> c^ioi coico tolio -tjilio 1/3 1> ol-^ into ciio t>|to rl • I> • O) . lO . to . -^ • > . rt • O • iDl- -HI • y|LO cv:|io cul<^ cojio cy|io cy|m cyjin to| lev to !■* h)" In :>fcO Ol CC op «) CO coco H p- (DO lO H CM ■=< tcko CoFO! ''.L; ° • '-'I • °'\ ' '^\ ' '^' • O . H • to • CVf • H • ai^ tol"* toltra w|^ pil^ cv)|* tolio ~->|in h-^lin totn to m CO [cv; D- o^ ^b- 'I 'I i fP \0 1<4< l-iC ctjKo ctiIh oIcd o oo lo • tor • tol • tol • H H lo jo ko ICM I'i- ko OH coto o: cj tojto 'i*l ' rHl - lO] • tol • I'Ki to|to OiVn CM|in p jrH jOl IC- c- w cvto K O! to lolo to to cslo CO Lo lOKO f-fo Op oVo ■>l'' "^f" op Op cop toim rHiin c-kn mKn ,-^Kn Hfo cvjf^ Hco ojfo «H c«h' -^lo ^t-i inln t~[n cr o> ot" ^fb nfei hK- |in JLO |ic Iin |to to to c- ^^. ^ CD CD ho t> (n m o u ■p ft \ o o o £-. t. t, I m o Cm 1 <;-) -p 'C H £1 r4 TJ il O CP-O W O tc (D ^ .rH rH t^ n •H o rH H 13 H a] aJ SS5S w - s. 1 ■; , « o O i-l E^ O (CO to t- c- c- OlCO Cjkr> lo ir^Io IlO CO k^ rH H C> C- CM in CO \r^ tH • -^ • ,-^ • c^l • c^r • o lo |o lo lo t>\n cop i> tc tofc CO v^ |rH H H |rH H toH okn G:|in lotc-. k' oko rH k- k: p no. ofeo lO • • ro • « • to . lio |o Ic- 1^ Ito u,|cc coto rte luT uQico H H ^|C- tOlin -^IC' o c^ to • to • o • en • to • in yn in c: ■* lo CO op lo p ho iio |:> ofco rHkn H in o t^ to • c- • CO . CD • in . leu |to jto Ito Icvj p KM p p loo ^U -^R -^U -^U '"p cop tolo cx)p cop loln ■3< H ^Ih ■hit WW •3 Ilo 01-- !> top to Jo Hkn inln inlin c-p (Q o ti a 0) O O f. %, !h CI Vi (X-H 3 C cH ij^- t, ai (>,." a a C -P ■a m -rH rH 43 3 >.!>. ■OH dc ii 1 u i: c L (^ ' ' > ^ 5 ■" o r. ^ - . (!) ■i-l CB W -T •O j> ^ E o orH e. EH m <■' r. n ra 1 .■o S ^ () H •H H U rH U C 1- ,T o +3 ^ > .. .. 1 o o c Dl to o c :3 -p +j t; ■" ^-; ^ p. s c E FJ s <-H U^ !< CO '""a ■o 0) rH P ^ Sd -51 ^ "l CQ Bli «1 O Ci OCT' O CO to ICO :0|^ io|C~ >\ • I> • C- • to|i> cjim cjiio c:h- .1? rni! c • to • o p p si:- cy|to O CO CO o ■^la inlio lO 1^1 PoLh lolco |in toV-i 1 c- to^o I- Ik cj « — PJ op op to 01 cnlo mp op cjK oilra Ito loj "^Ico ic' |c" Iw 1^ p It; lin irH Icn LO sj^Ico ^ Cj HIlO [-, t> ^fc- • « • to • to • I- • to • to |(M |C0 |C1 Iw |C« c- c: l-i oif-H oc: ,Hk.o HtoD ^U "|o -*|J ^lo -'fc ^U OlOJ * op to to o; p to p iii) to ko H K'' f^' -OloJ '^ItO • 1< Ol lo o • W O to rH • in o H lo to • lO rH in a> to • o ID !0 rH -^ r4 CO ^ O CO o to . CD a to CO coKn CDIH rH > * " CD rH ^- CO coH c- rH r- CJ) * . to CD c o p H !0 • 0) c- toln w I" lO CJ . rtlio O ^• !0 • «|in * .o CO to "J c^ • CM* in tn in O * t> • CM * Is CM * CM 01 > * • lolin CM CM CM . CD o n ■* • |o CM H C- c- • in tofo to ■i^ o|o + 1 o|o 1 l| 1 1 l| 1 ! 1 1 1 c ■p : ! ! I '\ 1 ! ! ' 1 ! ' ' - O C) CD o ?o o t- c« IT oo r- • !0 YD O CM to rH to • CM O O a |f2 Ofo) CO CO !0 c- • K) CO • CM CM -\ :> • o t- lO rH > • CD to n in • o rH »• ■* • !0 O CM CD CD r-i CD rH • O) CJ.fc to • to IP •* ID »0 n CM * ■* • o n CO o> ■* • o o o o •* • OH O in • in ^ op lo o • CVJ o =i o O LO r-i • CM O cote) * o 0) colo to 0) H • lO in in o w * H to CD O CM * H • to CDIO CO * H • O CD|0 in o rH • tokn C- CO H • |CD CMlO > lO CD CD "^^ t> c- ' !> t> ' CD ' 03 ' ' ' U3 t^ oo 1 1 1 1 in , , 1 LO o O O o c 1 G) in E- c- 1 rH 1-^ CM to to to f W-u 13 XJ •ct TJ rH •a ■a ID CM 'O^ CM S o a H r-i rH CM r-i r-\ l-i O E 1 c~ 1 CD « H CO to i 4i o t> c- CD C CO cJ H 0} tit r-t a r-t CM i-i ^ 1^ W r^ rH rH CM s> ;< s ^ rH rH H H J_ Si u^ T-\ '" z.a: % " « c m ;. t. C -P -P 3 aj d -P 03 Jh rH 01 C Ol =i Eh OH (0 O O O P4 CO rH OJ Id H (h tS TJ [>i^ w ^ © © rH T-j ;:; o c C cJ "^ t* a) ^ ^ ^ -p -p rH TJ ^ ^ O O C -P 13 tJ n n O OS © © -H -H ^ rH M N TO (0 t •H O rH rH H rH , T? rH cJ (U Cd 0] >«.!<■!■ JHh ^ ■■ _j 1 U '- c •• » •• •• •• 5i- 4J • 1 _, O-H r. •h O u a .. ^ " ' ■o ' ^1 > to j'i ';_, ^ e O 10 rH C. fH n , p, 3 "^ CQ -^ ,.« a ■H t: H ^ rH r-i rH •H O r. C ;< p n c o"' ■p ^, > - •H lO S" o C —i S cT c -^ 'J s iH SU § -H "" - - o c X « '■'c ■1 l-l si' OT _^^. '^ 3 -H J • r^ _; m : . ;■' m s • Ico H :-Ito cofc- 01 ol-i I oIh |o |o I |o !■!:> lo |c- |o O) mko Mw t-iln \ • ^r. LOl • in • Ih t-i H In Olt> lOIO ^' c to C3 If H Ol io H o o^ li-t Ii-i :j o |o |o IrH 1^ I^P 7 • lO • lO • L.0 H In iH o> • to to CD ^ OH :o|cO to oto to H toe* ol'^ nko ojjio |eO ItO |['.' ^Ito ito ItO |H |0 ILO ItC Ito to ("5 E> lO r- OM^ CM^ Wj'^ ^KD Ic lio "Ito Ito Ito to 1-: voii/5 colo rap olo lolo c-hn I- UC) LOCI LOO men lo co iok-0 H • H • rH • rH • r-l • iH • 0) C-- K>- ll> P- > CO IO pi F O K> 'I IO ICJ |iO CO rHlin -^lO ^ col • CO • CO to ^o Ito IO |o |lO inp Lofc- tollO CO |;o to jto oko olio OijtO o> CO Ui> ioIh taw > H . Hi • Hi • H |co |co |co jOJ IO IC- |iO €• ^p €• -p IH jOJ to llO c:> tolcj mp -^Icvi CD ^Icyj »i op CO to CVI • to • (O • to • k |i> Vn jin p to fc- ho :i !> coco toH op • CC • C-f • C- • to tCVJ lo |tO jto p lo p CTJ oIh CDfo H W 'lo- ^P *|to- '"U fKo cap cop inio IfD C- tfl toko C-K- ■i] ' H ■ Hf • H . It~ CO KD CD — C8 (U • f. .■o ta ta 4J 0) -P +J tn c ts H CO H 3 B -sg- H o ^ n a >> t: ra T) H O H © Cj P !» t>>3 ■H H H ■O cH cH ti •o c i; o ttixl^ B 4J, 1 t. K rt " J h. " " iia i^.-^" ..'?.?. ■a rH > 01 CO r-i '- .' o^ a O O rH a. Eh m ,-, c .HO K t. 10 O G B o C rH s r-1 rH f; o U C ■P •* c O w +> H f^ > c (0 £ o p c .H n o o C ^ ■p .H t; M « t. c •H s t3 '-3. (O o o o H lO X M CI 'T3 -P rH «i 0) a ^•y HO" H ^cn gym z: ■ m PhD ICO ICD OIh H rH hLh Hi • H . Ht ■ p lo lo ) CM CO [O CclllO WltO Ioj P lo |0 llO |v< -p €• €• €• €• ^P ko I-* ICD p »n In CD CD in hy cop CnlO^ C-So H [> H • Ol • CD) • C-I • CD • C^ • •^Ico ■*|co to|co »|c- nlir- m|i> •*l^ cdKjc .3* IcD in en to • to • lO \n cop inhn >lio lOlcD LO en -cjc CD lotco cdIo^ to • to • lo • to • ito Ico tto |in kn 1^ Hj* op O^ltO oltO CO to iHpH ^ oj ^joi CDlCO lO O] olio rHlCJl (Dp O Ci' Op Ol • O • Hi • to • (Ol • ■* • ^ • tolo tolcD -r^lco -^Ico top- tolo tolo •*p top 031^ olH ^H rotco HP OW tOl^ tOK to Wi CVJfcO OJttO ^H^ CM • to • to • to • lor« to • tOl« 1^ \in p |io p [lO p 3p op op op op op op 1] OlC! ^IC HO p H \V to p p p lO P CO p p IH DfcO C-p CT>N' CmIh COltO op OiKr ^p olO OlP fflp lOp Op -!• CD • O • ol • of' O . O • CD • CD • CO • CD • CO • tc • ko P ko Ito h |to W P Ito |to p Ioj lev «pHPI'0>opkop|Hpl®l"'P" O cop OH CO ci> CD (j> top o CO top top vvo top O CM cmUji hSo . 1)1 . inf. -ji • If • -fl- -f\' •*] ' ■* • -cpI • ■*[ • 'S'l • if|- •*[• ■I'kol'j'lioltopVokopkopPPko Hp Hlin op HP Hp Cnp ODp CMp •f\o op o in op op tap inp mb) cdIh it< cm H . H • hT. H • H • Hi. Hi- Hi. hI. CO ICD CO p CO to lo |co lo OIh OilO -P TJ C-P H 13 ^ fe CO 3 c s e e c, © o o o t< c< ;, t. n m OiinCH -P 3 >, !»>, H O HH H 13 a) C C C 4J 1 t, C a t. tj '"iF" -P -H one m -H c Oh -, 0) Oh (C « CI ■■ ^' H > n o! rH Tf -p o ^ E o n rH p. E^ 01 o c ■H M a 10 (--, to c ~J B ^ t: ■H H c ^ I, a a ■^ » o p iH Eh o. > fT O a c m to C ■P C i-t ca a ^. c -H s 5 o o H lO XO) t-J -P (DrH 4J P. Sd s <8 f< . rH O m Mil . =«§". ato Ci w irt cy CO en H l« It^ 1^ I'" to[« ^- « C- IC OH Cl-H li' ICO 101 |c; |K wVn oiko tol^ t> P lohn lOr. <0 . in . to • rH . top- to C~ tO|t> -olc- tOl p coKi |m ko ko to |n |o to 01 o o o cv . o O in oj o CD • o H lO OJ H • O O O "o 1 1 o ^ItH* oa H H CD to r-l CO -.o in CO lO O in H • I> O OM sg CO 0) OJ • )|tD in oo OitO T O O • to tD O OJ in H • ^ ID to Oi :0 .O C> to !> o 0) • rH OJ O CT> « • in H H>0 o in ^ O . ■O" CD O n ID . .18 sltD to to o O r,. tolin a in Ci. to • to in CO n in • to in o; c- in . tolin OJ CO n en • to ID OJ in CJ) c ioKd ito topo |lO |lO It^ |to |co |tO !>Ki) oloj <0| • lOl loj lin o CM oioj lOJ Hkb c~Eo Oil • ml • cDfci cor. c-r- i-KD -H C) C-P iH S oi H -P bO t-tin ^< o in in in > idS in • OJ cv H CO > CD H top t> CO H • CO m n can .Stf i 01 CJ R .H .H 0} H St. of -p rH.O O d CT) 01 O ID Ti th t4 n ■p t» (^> ■HHrH !55 to ^^ 2^1 iH W iH OiCO COlCM Dp O ' olo olo olo o in to K Oi • Oi pj (DpH copi toL-t Op c~to cyko col- |oj |w Lh |« L4 H |oj |i 3|0 Hicy o^lc- c-lo tDlcD in»o io|o> cdIo (-tltO 3t- c- KD "Dp- cvikn mto M |o> |ct) la> H H M H ko|'4'|f" HO) « * roko MfO rrf^ HE~ -flH to O CO « 3] ' Oi • 00 • I"! • !Ol • rHj. to • W • -jr. :)Kd toHo tolto tolin tojin -^yc ■lcD nkx. wko olm tolS "Ito- "to- "'Co- "U fO Ok-O Oifc- ■CKc 10K~ CO CM olo i-tt-l iH P top- a> • rHf • rH • rHi • HI • I-^r 1^ lin (in Iin fc- liD in |t> p c-lo) ^Icy c-In cdkd cdko ^l» tOl • tOl • lOl • lOl • lin kn p p iHkn C-|Q3 OilC) CDlci op •op 1-1 • iH • H • CM • ihI. cop CMp cup CmI-1 O b H ^ ff! ■-I ID t.&, £ o m _ 3 c s B CO) o o h t. ;< ID o c5 ^ il>«-i S'»»^•H IB rH-O 3 C « u^ C (>>&. 01 O aj ID -H •P 3 >>>> ti C J 0-. o ' slo o|o 1 oo oo Dp oL) «J-|cO win tow ok np C3 (qK CO rHB CMp flO °U "P "P ^to- "M "U ""p '"P "p %■ -p ^p w Hp- wp- w oi (j> to coE to H i-Hpi op TjiR mK to k r. ml • ml" lo . mI • H . rH • a- . h • air. « . m< . t^ topo lop^ lolio yiHO tolio tolio toK- (o|lo tolio toiin lolin I op I op op op op op op op •-g to CD It- CO fc- lo> \p 101 oun tolc- oilio Ght* ojlco c-k- coo,' >Io; cto H • col. (O . CO ■ CO • en . Ol . HI- Im |rt Ito |to ri l-a- |«j< I-* | IH |in lin cole- toko C-ko CO !^ cop- rHlO CB CO C3) CO lol • ml • ml . m] • ml . ipl . ml • ml • H" I'* k W |.f Vn !■* !•* coio c-to o|'_ Him cojo olo tolm mlm CD)-* c-|cD cnln cj^lm aUj ol • o>Fb oijt- CS CD \P> lo |C7. H Ol C71 Ito O lOlH O HO ■*[-( • C- . Hf • oj |cj hj« ICO It-- CUICD c-lEr- tolm W • H • HkO mp mp H • H |h |oi jto H |o> COCO CDfoi «< t- m . H • H • tolm to|m -^ItD Ico toko c- cjitn '^ -b CO |H ,01 toko *• ^P o>lic In r-\\ - lO • CO W COK> CjIOI to H 3 & to CQ ■p C a ■H n m TI u U •H . iJ ol I'l £ <) 3 C 5 n t. civ. o u !^^ £ •H ^S a) H T) ^ Dl (1> t: -p 43 3 l>i •O c» < "'Jj' ~^ > m r, r-^ '■> O Ti S H ^7 o c. •H 01 J=> « o l: ^ C -1 (H rH " S E- c -p •«• c o +> ^ ^ f. > c T^ « £ 6 c 5 o c a ■i-j « o o fH ^ a (. c .. . s 1" "■^ Ch o c' o o X M O W w d ■5 +J rH --0 ^'_^ r-t ^ • c ijn z m CO lO i-l =h 'I oj loi in b^ ci\a ■^IcTJ [o|oi cold tolc "to "lo '^lo "|< [■J* hi> lo inlo 0310) r. RF. gr. sh 3°. I£ aiK cop oc o tn sop op op m • CT> • C~ • rt • Ml • 0> • to] • «!• O • H • O . O ■ .H • rH • top cvji'li (M|.j> (M|ro Mko 0) ^:. -a-fc- totn n in tokn n Kp "t" «pn « m IS ^tS E;IR aH ^t° =^1?- ''It' '^H ''H oN" ^^I^o oi-' p ,Hko m p tDI • lokn t-K- t>6> c-fo? cofcn roiro com olc U ^U "U '^B "U "U- "U- "fc "U "u "P "Ic 3p Ojp I I lo I ko lOlin c-p rHJ-^ COlO t>p to i-i p ^Ic- coin LOp to • tof • M< • loj |« ko CT>ln In p Hjc;i infc- cop |in lo '^[o ^ in > c^ (D c^ (Op ^ loI • in Icy H :~ Ici n ^b- lin to IrH p to p o "-U Sp &'p 5g Sp §p ?p oLh (Dpi' CMp oK icLh nfn ^ en cup oK hK 1^ fn |c« |cj ley |oj Icy joj joj |m cop ^oKo :>Vn rHim rHkn op -^p op r-itn •o"p in p to • r-iKo cup c^lo cy p mIw cm o cyp oiK^ fc- H Jo p p p p p p ^£> C3 U ■at. ^ t. 10 3 C8 J> iJ-P J s »H (D • 01 « rH > « t. fc. £1 O 5 © .tH .H 5) ■H C ■O 3 C I -u ^ .^•g •H rH O rH rH 13 OJ rH ta Oj -<■§ O -5 -S OJ ^ O TJ to cop Cvjto wC-H coK f-tio ^R ^R ^u- top hSo witb to . lOf. to • N ^ W Ho ^1 '^U 'io- p |c~ l-H Ir- I')' IrH H h" P P L<^ op &t- ■* p cop iDp cop c- p ID p ofv top toko cop UDt- to o cotb to • tol • to] • tol • tol • tol • inl • c-l • inf* to • cnl • cmI • ojT . lo Ih H H H In In lev; hh* cvjtt-- |c\; |:> p El-* hf iin p H P N' Icy cop -^p op lojo lOp mkj> in iH c-H t^P ""H* "^H "^ P ■-i <^ ^P ^P cop (D • CD • 01 • (J>| • O • O • tor • r^ • O • O • of . O • CJp W^3 CMp CVJp top -^P lOP top rHlrH HICJ i-tlCM rnloj Hp mlH rot~ CM|to -^p cop ojp OJp coko top c~p K> p p op op op op op t3 M p olS 15 lo jo lo p |o Iw p p p p p 1-y p op (DkO tOhl' C~fc- top 0|C •5 CM -^loi rHp Hp Ol * CMp CJ "* C-t- ol • Olp WT* O • - • >!• 5 • to • to • C« • Cvjr. to • ■*| • to • C- • Hi • CT> • Hp H • p (eg p p |o) p ko |-3> p lo> |c~ |h Icn fp -fk) l-p • to CVJ n CO . o a en CM .* H • Ctr^ CM -O d !».-P 60 t. H»1 O 3 t< 1 H a H m t. aft. ^ o o o 3 C S^ B & ,H H ^ i[x. p. al ai XI +> H T3 Xt ^ O •O H CB 01 n) •< O ■§ ■9'9 to ,-4 \ col a fe (MKD Wk cor- 00 . ^ ho ICO h). |o vl" ml' tDf. ►O kD 0|0 ICl OlKM WtH ^U r-t&l C- • Ml • iHl • OOl • fe~ IN lOH i/^K^ >It- W cyf • toi • (o| • c- CDlC- ioLh idIh 1/3 ■^l-^ U^IO -^lOi Ol ^po HOT r-ifc- oi; tol • -*1 • -^1 • to K> | |o> |ro H" MKn toK oK •^B ""lo- "'C «>& ""P okD c-lo >in cD|o OiH* COjCO tOlCO Olio '^li '"'I' "^L* '"'U! " Q « O (H a c ss m O (S . f. •rf 4J T) O c < u ■P C -P o 3 J r-t 1 o >.^ 10 01 > m ■P « ■<3' -H (. ■H H > H • rs n .i; OS (D o>-H 4^ m u UH m tH t^ O H CIJ £. C o o u n Bh 3 o T> ti XI u m o 2 ^ O H tS 01 ffl £!-P 1-3 OJ 4^ S -P WH n c n -H 3 01 3 01 01 O -P t. S w £, m "H © J3 o tOS 3 n c t: X S S C o p,0 K o o o o o rH ^ t. t. t. t. f, f. O > O O Im Vl Vi a a a 5_, O a n -d «-, p >^ t>,Xl ^ XI iHOxJ^^OOO XI 01 CO 0) t>^ C n -P ■a-a m a 01 T3 Al O O ^ -H -H N tg CI to n ^ >>§ ■p ;>5 3 >^ ^^ >> t-> -^i-t o H rH H H fH ^ iH T3 rt i-H 0! f. 3-§o 5-§<<^5s« ti toj3-^ii g u 4j 1 c a OS (^ o n " 01 h > 43 ■H-M ■p t; B O-H p. OHO) vh a Hh M u "■d H > W « H tJ ,, o OT H S. Eh n O p. ^ CO Q m ri. 10 C O H C O H H rH •g t. o ^ u .. c J !n :: o +J C ; c H o O u 5 CI to ■P o c o 3 •H -p w C o •-I U ^!; 1 "^ :■? .-:! c1 c. HP O • HI • Hp ol? ori |M olm oil. H CO cnlcj lo o> ^Isl 118 IS "lo "^lo- -^b- in|« |c~ ko t>ra> Hw wp H ♦ CO . t- • V^ lOJ |c\j olio fto 10|« (Mf. o>r« top tofc- -a-p -J- • f-rf lolo ior» toioi -^loa tot- Hr» nr^ oG n t> -H '-- H P « ^ (Q C! f*-* nto a ► *H ^ H t. H r! a fV m-S^ s 43 P (D C 0) a C43 ►-.H m Hn-^Er ■H a 43 «43 f, f^'^^ CH o ts Pl-Oil M Ol P ^►J H H JJ 2^ f< ■H O CO M B X B 3 ft H O O Cu O H ^^ g^ ■H o n hh-O n 4J £ 13 ■H .p >»>. ^ a ol ^ a u a ^k% ^^ tk;^ a j3 o -d o ■« to HJ 1 t, c a a. u is a .. ^4 '?. .. .. •o o H > n ll^r^ Ti _ P O'H S o n rH a H 01 o & ■rt 01 ..9. .. m tx. n o c X c rH a H rH O tl E a U a 4^ ■* C O 4J > to t o o c o ^ c 3 4^ ■rt ^ « c .. . rH ■? (< " c .. •< •r) s to a 'i) o o o >< (M O H-u 01 +J rH o c «l to s U <8 ^ 1 CQ B 3 10 s • 03 :3 to w 10 Oi <0 rH to OJ »0 lO to to IQ (O « lO (O Oi J •H ^H n s SrH f.m Si 3 f. O 01 OVh 4J 1 t. C B £1. o ......... ■8 t: s © -H C- I^H -1 0) IH (S .. 'S? ■s a! ^ T' 4J o -( E o n rH C E-i n n c -H m _ O m r-^ to C o o SS ■H c l-l •H E. o E a t. D ^ c ■^ e 4-> rH t. > '^ (O ^ o C ■H n « o C 3 *^ +^ C o r-t U 5 C s to E tx o 6 fH lO X CM '^'ffl T^ a> H 4J P, ,?a ^'s rf fi m g 1 03 a • CO rH iH IH li> o> hp H P- H N 00 l" K^ w o oio> -^lo tOH ioLh >h totH CO oj tolc- wE- c-H colo^ • t-l • Ol • C^I • C^l • t-r • C-r • ID • CD • tDf* C-l* col • CMH|c»)| H |co Ih |a 1^ Icvi Lo |w ko loit- lotn toloj oiko ,^^o colco CO cofo oik- ot- hS~ o>H' oh c-h to lo tow >t-i • O)]. hF- cHr- rH • 10 . cor • tOf . CO • tO • COf . CO tOKo rp^ tJt|cO ^ CO ICO lo CO lO ^O jcO ko >o H l°3 ^ liH I H I I COf* I I loln I toto I |o I lo I I b I I |o I |o I> K) |!^ ko ICD In Kl- p ho p hf ko CO cot- coco op> lop olh mlc-- cop oko colo CD h* hK • tnr» lol • CO • col • lol* col • lol • tol • (ol • ^I • loi • lO iHIcD rH|cD hKO r-lfe- iHKO iHltO rH|cO rHKo HfO h|cO h|iO IcoKniojknKjih*|c-pkoloknkn Oj OIOI tJcIcO COKJ) cOlir) tokO t-ICO Hl^ OJWi CjRj* CUHc ^hr cu- "U 'to- 'Co- "to* 'to- 'P 'U* 'to- 'U- "R ^U HO HP CO ■«< cofe< ofo coK op coK C-KO oow coH hK lOl • CO • CD] • cot • col • lOl « tol • ^r • tol • ^1 • col • tol* HJCO HKD H|CD HKD H *^ O &■ . (^-o X> t-l^ o H»4hH o rHCOCOOJCDCDCJ>01i-l CO to O ■ to ^p «>|\ ^p ■*|in wlo wp ■*KM top HfO ^ • V • ■* • Icn loi |co c-ko ofc- a>hr toto ^fo tOfO loP* loT • «l • In in Hn Ito I W . I lo I in Ol r-<\^ o • in . HIW V-1 OloJ «lH oj • inw tola) ojko ooltfi c~w w wp in o ■w p \ p. O 1 £■ ^• « o §^5 01 043 d •s 43 -p •H d a d 3(0 o >, 4> O 43 f. e CO a « > a d > S^ arH o a liH u-a £im H 3 « d d «i>;aJi-li-l-P t-> o a o a 5 SiS a >iH f.-H aj MO S ^ 9 t]0 a js a 3 * o a a O 5 COrH >>o t, o o ti n o « ffllH Vl •H O o ■« -O m iiTJ'O •rt O ('•■H . 0) o OH 3(0^ c a a.^ 01 ^H-H ■^53 £ D d d a 43 43 t>.^ t>> 1»-H a XJ ^ O i-iXi J^ 000 ■K3 a a-a ■a ^ a a O -H o d•H»^ N n ^ t) M § " S. »>>t»-P ^>t» ^^r^•rt ^ H HH d 01 13 0) d ;. d d 553 55 =£55 at ^ o tJ o "h tO^ to CO to w to OJ W CM 10 to « « IrH tP |0 P^ J IH O lO >Ot-l CMp- CMpl ^kO lO ICJ) p- - CO >kO OlliO JJH S|^* S[o ) fS to oi coE - . O • Mf. J H' toN tolm tOKVl C\J I i lOfco olco 'I "fc- "lo- CD I-* c-Ico CJlIC^ rHl-J to CJ> t-p to to It- cop oUi cop lOl • lOf • lOl • Ht l'^ I'* Mlo into o ro NIC t- lio lok I'D kji toko r- p oohP loto °h 'I P |CT> I- HK-1 b lo oko ^^|o rHlC^ tOlO l>p Hp tOl-^T tOlO Hp 0>p loo tOllO lOkD ICQ t- CD to lo I • •* • ■* • Ic- |05 loi ko K)> Ico lOJ i-l|^ lOl-t l]^ 0J|^ CMN* p op 1 kM ICO I if* ^r- 1 1 >lO OlCM OlO ■ to 01 CO Op if* r-\\ • Hi" lE op (dK a "i ■^lo- OlICVJ OJICy oko lOW |CD |CJ> [>lc-- OH cy • inl • cyko CMH" oR oto ofc "P "lo- '^U ^kD CJikD [OlCO •^\ • tOl • lOlO |cJ> t- H CMCD top op to • cmI • col • c«Vo culto cvjh* top toko + 'I -i :>p t>|o oip if • tot • lO • 11- h h* (D|0 OJjC > r-t Q im c ■HEh t. ID c a c; -p >,r-i -P 3 =: ti 3 H -P o aa 3 t-i-H 0) -p m o p ^ oj C C > n eU t. ^ o f, C H O o 3 o o Oil mo (D O H lU J43 d iHH -P n o (S O C » ^ nH O +J 3 • t.H a ■^ « CO 0) (0 j3 S tag o s 3x o e c O &0 H >j O O ti O & Jh f, O W o O OJ <^ c © tH C5 O 4h ■p 0) "M ^1:73^-. T H O OTli-1 CO ^H J3 £1 n o-a ■a C Tl T) H O-p Q O O ,3 H -^I^H rH O Ol t3 aj Q) ^ CJ r-i 5 << •§ ■S li. •S O O CO o 6 ! ID H ID O CO CO oro O CM CD • CM to in CD lO • CD ID in • 0> to ^ H CM in in H icy o • in o to in O CD CO 00 CD CM ■* O C- lO . lO in n in CM CM CM • n in CO o ♦ to f °h °h ! o^ »l„ ! tiO Ci 1 -K in . o n o in c- o n OlkD oln to ID .-1 • in inft> o in '»' CV) ID O o c- co o in n in • to to H -1 CO ■a-kD t> to tH • (D 518 ID rH CM ■OC-'S f< m o • m .-I «; o-p I f^H « ID -p ^ > d «> c m c-p *H a] ^ a> 0] c c > H O tl _ O 3 O O t<»H O ti C H iJ Jl as Um E-h ®cO ©> (D ^ © &0 E o e 3f; o s d E " - ' o o o u u u bOE o _ „ b 0,0 iH t^ o o o t. o i> u u u Otno«aJ4H©c_, ■t> 01 im j5 ■a^^■o -H t»v.H • (D irH © ^ 01 al • O ,H -H oj TO -i^ ,a +> >, >> ^-H P ^ k>-P t>>>>3 t» 3 (>i i-t -HrHH H OH (dTlllflS^lSi-lcll C'ddcocrtc 4J 1 u a a a, OB CL,U " a '>> " > +J n r- « H > n ta H T i: t> O »H p. -H to 03 b. c to S c H ;;^ rH T-l r-i ■H t. E & u p c O ■p > K) o* 1*^ a c to o o c 3 s o 1^ £ s ^ •H ^'^ bO s o K O O OO rH O W-P c TJ OJ H «) ^ O 8 60 •rH O O ^i •O 3 o o- t. < r.a --I o Ai rH Jl . gs«. SCQ m to Sh: OIW OlICM W • tol • Kn Yd OJlt- CO to CO np lo p c- HfO kn c- CM cnloi top uJko (OH to Oi hIw oIco c-Iio tor • CVJ . to • CVJ . O) . cj|* !■* |in I'O' K»i to|o cyin C-llO 0> CO i~ibr- op Op op op op ID cv o c^ • o H 0) O !0 H • «>H O to n CD . to o p a> • O Oi to to 00 to o • to • to CO OJ O CM O o> • o ^o CM • OJ lO t> to • 01 to to • OJ CO « . to to • CO O -!• "cm- o CM CD to > 0> • to o • hIo t~ CD hKo C- CO 'I* 01 n to to top 01 p- CMto CTllCM toko OlICD cop- torn -^IH ^ CM r-ii . Hi . tor • to • |to Ho It- It- oio coko op top op op o>p- cop "& "to- "U- "P ■ I I I I I Op op Op to !■«■ |i> p p In o t-l "lo- "°P "lo ■'lo H CMloi Olio CBIC- o>lo ow ofco hH Olf • HI • H • Hf • I* h* w |io p It- p Ico in p torn IOC- o CM CM • CM • lO • ■* • ICM H VO ItO |n w< op top lOt- top- HW CMjCM H to Oo. a— ■Ppi, t>4:> l-t d -P ID S(>> OH • Ss *^& PS 01(0 o no t, 45 Co d c d «!+> 45d>J . & © © C ^ ai » C- to oo O P.O t< >^ (< o«-i 3 4J [p n US l: o ^ c^ s o .::] .. .. ■" to o a oo ■H lO y. CM a ffl -p a Si ip o 4-1 -: ^ o C ?< ••: ^ t, ,a rH L . 7* a"i u 3 m z • M fllO '6 Ito IC- lO Ko KD p . ko to CO . ^ . (Of . rH . ^ . lOl • Eh W . Ol- io lo |o lo p lo I |o |o |r- |C- l<0 103 p |W IH lo OlCD cjCh MtH in cvj ok) to cu lOp inp o a> cm to ^U "^IrH "^IH ^U ^Ih "^N I« ^|h Ito cDlio tolto roi'* roko cop- tow a>|w -"j-p op ■5^ Cy in-* top rHRD UDp tO 03 toln lO Cj C-|C~ ^P "k "!;• -^P <• "P ^to- ■^U "k cDico CMP ![> ini^ \ • O • rH • rH • rH • 0> • Im" 1-* rHM> jin 1^ Irn 1-K ho ko |oi P l™ H H tot- Hlo C- CM top, C- CM OfCM C-p tor- tOf. CM . to • v> Si ;< •« o O (D p t3 trt p C (H^ IS Q> P pL, OJ+S M -P §»^^ . g S|^^& 5 CO m CM to rH o> 3 3 ol CQ O tH in H rH H rH H 1 Cons ura Co a Clar ed in aborat const I> CM CM CM a-p p^ ►J H in in in o a c n a .H ID a -H n .P 1 1 1 to to to o in a > tn rH f, o 2 H 1 , 1 CM 1 © J3 ID o a ^ B a 3 s c in CD Oi O O O 0. O ID t»> f, U f. ti f O G>*H ^ O C CrH 3 TJ^H h XI a * fi-a IS a ^ -ri a b o sec 4-1 P G 4h P g •d liH p g •o Ph a a s 6< >> p p a ^ a V, m (^t>iP t»3 8 o rHH H-H H O H CM to a a a-o a rH fi CO t5 to o> a J3 T) © Vh M)J3 iJ 1 u a a S.^'-' .. „.^.. .. 5-„ o i:: E qj-H p. «^^^ » «-i tu wm » o!h" E p O ^ P, O 0) .H C •H ro O CO c to c rH rH i-( rH "^ Ci. " m » +J c O ■P H P .. ., to o- o c « o a 3 4J a o ^ t, ;=: c d D. O .-) oo' H lO o U 4J ■a IDH 4-> g. O 'H to U ^ ^ o O Ch ti-w 73 :■ ■- ■< , s ^ [;■* "2 ■■■ "^ & .r'tt m i-H H l/> O 0^ ^ I olo Im tOf. ^1/5 hC-i lOlO tOlH ico H H !<" "'I'^ I"" "-ilo «!■* to lOTOJ tO|W HH Olo^ 0>l cnC-H :i • lol . «r» to • « • to • to • tor • IlD |c~ |1D |c- |iO |tD |C~ |ii c-lin co|g> fp} colai h* ^p oka okj> ro cd colto oilco • w h)- ■* r* !■* w he H> h" lin kn m hp I"'' lio Ilo Hlp! CMlin OljH O UD r-IkO -ic- o^H toit£' of • -^r- =h "B 4 I CD fO to • tor. It- ]C- Iin OlO Oilco CDICO Hid OltO "'lo- "^U '^u -^U |o> H jo |c» ■iiit- tofc- top- O O! tOl • lOI • tol • ^\ • Icy |oi (cy Ito hU> to]-* cDjo cy|o ojjo :olto ow hI^ H • H • H • rHI • Kd jtD Jin Ko tDIO> OIKVI ■flo CdIo OKD tO W' kD ■* Ol cop o • i-i| • oi . o> . to • oiko ofn ■H • toko -^i m in oi oi oi tow cnf • hF* JCO jrH l-i loi H H !■* l-a" ICO |C5> ko In Ir- H Iro |co CM okb toko D-H tOH c-tn inko HKn • in] • ini • 001 • ^I • «3l • •*! • to • 1' 1^ k* t> kn kn to joi oikn inl-* Hl-^ Hko tokn olo o>hn c-fco Ohc O CM tokn Olfo HK0 «3 P rHlOl Ofo rH • HI • H] • HI • H • H • HJ • Hf • |in ko ID (D kn 00 kn in c- s>.^ ■p i> 3 in ■3§« n o ti ' ' H H H^rt 01 4J +a g CM in 1m in III to o in X s s , to 1 CM " t. f. rH ID cB O tH«-| H 4h -0 -a . & 1 ^ g S55 t.T) IS u >, -p -p ^ -p K ItH ffl 0) 4-1 ID S i i^o O H H -P •H ■H ■P Tj n n •O-P « T) +i Hi K a c 3 c c 3 o D ajW p OCJ'Ii, »>>>.>> H HH s: H ^'S'S ^ 1 t, c o a, o "^ .. -g" •■•• Jh-p 4i-H o c s o-H a «H.H V u a WM TJ -t > m CO tH -o E *J O -r^ ci. o tn H a r-i n o •H CO Q '^- (. O o" C rH - ^ t. ^ E 2 '-' ^ 0. 4J m o ^ -p rH o (< o o > o. 3 to i c •^ n to 43 o c -^ +i ■p c iH o (< d •H E "" g c. 'oo rH in K IM '^-'' ^ a •a ■u o. Q O Ih in rH lOH inln lofo rHf-i colro «h r-llo lO w cd o> •^U "U dp "U "leu- "P -"P -P -p "p -"p ho c-lo) aito «3Lh oiw inH tolm tolt- oiio tol^ olo toho Ih cop •^[H «|t^ ^I^ l^r« COlo lO w tDfih to o> loko top) P "P? "p "P "P "U "P "P "P "P "P "P i-Ko cDiin >t~ nip o|« iHlo cDlco olo f-iy^ o>»n "J-Ko CD ID op (mIo 01 CO oo> cokD ioIh | • rH • rHl • HT* iH| • 0> • |ro |in ItD K* Vn H" ICO ho Ico kO p p en cuitn inlco cuRo ^Ico 'j'KD • !0 • 10 • K> . [O • lO • CM |C« |« |00 |CM |CU lOp- 00b* C-KO 10K> COM lop "'u; "b '"u ""U "u ""u 1^ 1^ 1^ r^ hJ* 1^ « a 1 (t I h o f< pTirt b'daJt>%ci] H* |p^ 1^ ko jin I'j* ko p I-*' ley K* loj lOp- lOlcR c-P top toln Oko ■^P -^P -^P "P ^P 'P ICD |0) cop ko to hw oiko ^ko HP c-lo o»o Hkn ""P <^P '^P °°P ^- '"P H ID I • • I CO C~ o s c «H 43 C t B 43 O • •• »4 C- JJ OrH-O c n § O C ^ «> m 43 H o * t» > H 43 ti EH"H S43 C « 43 e 3 H 43 , 3 p -H >, n ^ 43 0) cane. O H C t. o o o d o n o g a a) *H 3 43 O S « S "-< s aw ^ B o O O t>>iH t. > o o ^ a o ^ o c5 *4 © • o CVieo a Ti o . o< a o 43 O ^ o a i3 t) 01 rHTJ N n C N (» t-> S [., iH H rH a a c< a •§5i2^ aTJ-C^ 1 t< c a « (0 s pH r^ •• g -^ ■■ •• •5 ^ 43 -H o c S O -H C C^ rH e ..M?. .. .. " -a 0! H -C B n O -H Ci. o n .H c- -H CO D m 6. c to c H iH u rH H f. O s ID t. S a O CO > « b" o c o o c 3 ■u C i-H Ph r' c ^ a to c* oo Hin « w o t-; -p -a CDrH 4J a Si m to c t. o ^ 3-H o cr t. < ft. s uji r-f .OOQ g|m ' m IO! ko o To I . CO • I o lo I Plto ko CO Ici to Ic C- Uj- ^ c> LO ( CO Ol CD Ofo wltO |io h** lio ho Kj* ICO tOlO) -* Tj* O Ol to • lO • ■* • icj Hf \to colo tolco i ?• LOlOJ ^lo w . c\i • olo op 'I |s to t-ko BIO to lolio roko 0)10} CMIo (Ola) c^lm colo io]o col • ■*! • •* • p^ Io> |C31 r-iH "Olo a)|cn lOL-H lOlW CDltO cut • w . «r. I* k w I ■ ' op i I I H I I CMftO I I H . I I |o I loj )□> IP oloi -^lO Int- ro • c» • col' lo |»' (c ^p 'U -"U ^U "C ft> , lo |o COfcH t-|0 lOfco OKO COlO) col • ojlo> oil • tOfO wl • ^lO 'J^I • 'J'lO ^1 • lOjO H ICO Ir-l K?) H colo lOkO lOfcO r^^ iO\^ tOlrr toho O^tcO lOtH tDltO Qj| • cvjl • col • cyf • ojI • 1^ k h I-* l- 101 <3^| • ro tr^ • lO olo lOl rollO CDK p ^P "c- ^u lo top O^hO tOiO cOlO t- ^to loioi coluj (oH t-- ^t* ^t-- ^k- -*p op op op %• 'p 'I ofc cop ofo sp "^P --P "to- -to- lOlt- tfjht* to C- lOfc- -p ^p 1. O O t. o C3— ■PCc c ol >. ■3§ ra o CO o cj al rH 3 CLi cd +3 XI o EH.H CO -t. tiil C OKU -P © c « OlrH • OS 3 t< 43 • ajm o ■<^t^^ U 43 43 o m G a o > > J3iJ rHi-l COr-l f. I J3 (D c . S 3 g C. Ih t. > O CH 3t -H a f. ■ c£ >. o ■Ht» 1 eco _ ^ o o P.5 « (1-1 ^1 t. > o 9 o o a o I143«hJ3 CH 3^3^10) 43 a O rH a Ct3 43H'Cl I o - ■ - - r-IH a a l»t-> H o >43 1» 3 a >> H WrH O rH aa ^ a'oarHha 0)^ O TJ ©. iw |c- to c~ko iol« OlkO 'P *P "P oto to>o t>io lo' civ hKo toUn Ico Im ''U mko olo r-iloj iniw lOBO inlrH inl-H ^lo ™U* "C "C "L* pj 1^ pj< f^ ^p inp o>K int- "P "Ik? '^U <• ►O tH kO tOlH oko oIh wki oH F^ I*^ >0 p* tG coo hG aiE ^P «P -P «p J>pj cop colo oilcy roto (Dko O^ICO NIO ,p ,p D ■* Op ICO |tD Io ntn o lOH P oil |o Io I la |o> loj Olio «> c« ol-H ''U "U -'p cDkn CI'* o>Vh 5fi #. sr. \a> |co |co (Ofcn olo ojbo lolo inlcy inCn "P "P "C oil • CjI mlco to in o> w ..iito roE 'P "P "P -^P "P CD CVJIO • CV)tH "p "^p Io roj ■^p 'p oIm inUl olio I* I-* |v t- Ico |c» 3p- H»0 Op tOKIl 0)1. Ctl III I > to CM to C\! ■Pli. C CO o c:o o rH .O (E o n . o o O *H S5 ,^ o 3 3 O > C^ S ) >>-r1 ■On o c -P O .H V^ O 0] tJ n W n »HH t. C C3 eo to lO . (O • CO . H Ih CVJ w o o> in en c« :- to H OJ . n> • c- • in o in H CO ID E- in . lu . o • OJ ■<*' CmH* CO ■'i* B op ok) oo •5K\J ORO top lin op « • |o 'P -P wico t>lo |cD |cD fco ItO cuCh (oIo ID[ . ^ . op op op op o |o I CDI C«| o| hI .1° J. "lo ^'|o toloi to cu COfoi lOfcO P> lt> sp sp "to- %• Dkn t>to tolw ^p 'p *p IP -i\' m\c- r-Ico op ■* • tol • Ih |co Ir- ICD Ko to HP! O 01 *l-l D • to • in[ . mKj* 01 hi" o]|^ in]t~ olin i-tl • 5 E a o f. -p o o S3 a as a) as +J o SKI CO Ih CD age O O IB S>-.rH fi f. f. S> O ^ O © 05 O 4h © C3 •O-P ■«* ® -H H • C 3 tJiM W H t» Hr-I Id IS 55; •° ^_ o £1 -a n * © t>>_ to •a -PH T! • ^ ID a as © c: ra tq H C tJ >3 N P OS PS , H H O , H OJ Cj H ^i oJ 3 5 «3 CJ (i, 5 01 XJ o T) Im M^ ■^ l3a * 1 H a PIlO 1(0 to p to c 10 • V • w • lo |o lo olo oIh tow hLh ''u -P 'P -C ^Ih Hp mIh to hi" ?[• of . <3< . o • ryyi tola) tolc^ -^Ico POL CD (Dl • -Ol • CDI • lOl lO 01 top TpK wL-t (mK 'U "P *u *P "C i^^B sf; gp. §p. ^p. ■^P) ^[CO -.JtlCD -(rlco tofc^ lo> lo pi Ur 101 ojo -^lo inlo oilo? olo lO • ^ . cvi • lol . in . mH" cvjH" w>o «!■* CO br lo 101 3 OJ (MtH "p -p top 00 . to 03 llO CMpl O O) to OL-i top- to • tnl^ aJlM Hfo "oto toUi I'l • of. 00 . rof. tolr- *|(X) toKD toico i'Ih top tokD cvil-i lOI • mf • col . inf • OJ H* wk wkf cv^. op op op op K IS la IS tor. ^r. ^r, ^r, P |o |o |o p tn ko loo ojp top oiin c~ CO o . col • CO . CO • Hf |to Ito Ito >o lO) lo p Citp trjiT! top toK/^ I"* lio ley lo cnl-v c^p top ojp top ojlto ojlH o:|o ^& -"U ^P ^12 c-lc- top nf-i op ojp !■» ko I-;!' 'U "U "ft "k" "U- op ■ o)pi< ojp Ho p to Kd he I I In p tot I I tof • inf. wf II |o lo k j-a- |o p op C-p lOlc- lOP iHJO "to- "P "R ^U cop lOp c-lo OH inlo i>fe "R -^U "to- -"p »P ^u* tor* cyjo ojo oih)- cnl-* (Dp r-lj-* "'■" ■'to top oolo loln • ^V' -<[• ■"iL' . & o o c ';h -c K o— so 3 o _ u ■P to d 43 t< 'Ji R W « H B • o al O B 4J O -P 43 43 S-P « C 01 dr-l OS •PSH 3 i-l 3 +> « 3 tat-H t>, a U 43 » B a c n > OH-H C ti O U O 3 a P j2 ,H rH O £ CO 0} 01 BOTH O M j3 B 3 O u fc> o o ^ a Gd 0) •H tH o C5 t4 e F>> • CrH<-l 01 01 -H 05 O • &* OJ C :d ■H (>^ iOr O iH O 05 (D »>>t-jp a i» i-lrH ^ H Of <8 T5 h at o q e 'Jt- wit •51 • to KO ( oil • wl • '6 i| *• _|o lo olio copi inlc- olo cofV (D . r^^ • y> ito I-* > to toloj O Cj COlO O|0] c-Im ^ lo to IGD OJ no It H • tOlO^ pi To ofo lo I |o lo Aoi hLh -Vpl -^pl 1h -P -D 'U H SH SR ^F^ gi^ ^IS »S -1°' -|S nfe SIS U '^L- 2|g 2|j -C "Is ""l^ -k "k -t- "p fc2 2K '^ ° S H' <»H too ojko olio c-lH I . (Ml. M . Ml . 01 . N . « . M . o: . Ito ko Ito ko h h to hf hi- f. ll lo I olo OJI-* 3 bn i< tolo js sp. g|° sp. ^r. ^F". 'D ^Is '^Is ^Is ^h "b infe- H w cor. w . Ito HJIO PIM r- p CDp OH "E- gfi rH © J3 5-, O Cf n— . 43 4J H., c~ a c. JD 4h 1-1 > (3 ' H O O ■P 3H 3 o a> H d -P rH rH 3 Oj Ca .H rH H 01 t. -POO C a c n u o B to rH © rH r © fl 6 "H - J3 B 3 fi o o a t'^'d ^ g 6 O CrHtH S » rt -H OJ O 1^ aj ^ © © 43 d n H rH ►■.^ >-p 3 © © r-tr-l •H H rH Oj Oj 13 ^ iH -H a en o si a -p -p ■3S ^^l?5 *"" "^ f^ c T3£ O •P j:S^JrH ■H C m,-^u j5 CW3iti ■P H§^° ^^ OM^^ ■H O 0) ol ^>r. !»4J>,a ol'Ool fci ii^S ^^5£ AJ 1 t. c o o IB a PLtU .. g .^ .. .. li.-^ " c e « -4 B. «-i rH e 4-1 a M r , " ■O H > n OjrH-3 a U OrH P. o n .H C ■HOT C to o ■H C rH H ■H rH »H H tj O a i^ c O CO u a > n b- K C •H « o ■P c 3 +J ■H ■tJ c o rH t. ^ c ^-^ « D. JO C3 oo H lO K 01 ■3 (D »-t 4^ a c s Ci al OT to c t, •H a o ^ :)-^ •c :3 o rr ^ -< t,S ^ 5*i (D gffl ■ ■ I'.ffl « OOCOCD©(MOiO> tOtOWWOitOOJlM (M OJ to W fX> (D W lO ItO OjItH OllrH lol . K3 • Mf • Wf • |c- l> l • CD • |lO -U 'P "U 103 C-kO lOlH OlO top top ^jg top tow top oj|^ whf cq|tj< op op P KO to 10) if j«la) toIS tola tovH >p :> • ^r- to • «1 • tol • tM ^5 (M IW JO L-i OJ I |o |o I (to p tHp pRo top (MO) Dp cjioj ■'J^pb M • to • ■* • l« ko to -lO C-t- C-kti ^Jto rnP TPko Hf. h|» !-![• loo jo) H t-fc- ^p Okj> "•p "'U ""to- iDto cjKm oiKr* "i« ^R 'U WlW CJIO WW' ^Ito- ^12 ^C- p ihIo o OJ *r- "U ^ OJlM" vp H(3> OJ OJ |in |to 3 OJ tot e s •H f< t. o ■p ft. Ooj ■"• B— CO o .H • © a! I .Q > > O CH«H Id ^ a) o -p 3 « ("iXl -H ^ OrH tU ea t-. Tl to CrH ® th o cd t»i»-p 3 rH H -1 S -S-oift. O m tH Q. Oi W CO W CM -- &; a Ol r-l a ff £ a 3 o o a „6a -P (0 ^ O r-4 •One o ^ o « (0 -H t-l rH -< 553 p yco ^ 1 t, c a (DOS ..'-.^. .. 5-" 43 .H O C E VcrH e iM a . ^u " T! -{ > n a H T< G p o^ a O 01 rH t. :^ n o o m B. c to o o ^ rH B W rH •r-t t. " u a 43 c O 4^ CO & > to o- o c n o JJ c 3 +> 43 c o o r-i t. ~ C *4 ^0 .? w a to r, O O H ii:i K • tor. CM | toVn cm|-<«' toko tofo t^N i^N" 5p OP op op op op op op p 1^ in O to rH kl> C-ko CC • o • c-r . ojH* tol*^ wh»^ op op op 4 ■WNt Ol: coK o>K ^ I op op OKD toko H €• °E- €• -<*<[o3 coyd loto ^U* -"P 'to- 43 &, © M 43 C -P c a J»> a • © 43 +> S b-,3 H C t< 43 3 3 a o ^ CO O h 43 43 C o a a a o H f. c o a o o o tj ^ o M 3 ta a a 4343 >-)rH o c g a •H ID a ta 43 a> m f. o o 0! e ^ g a » O O O O t>s d tl h > o^hCiO a im ■a.d43 jj •H o a •H a c 3 tH (X, a a PE4 4543 n !»X>.o >>»H a ^ -H t* o ". a a r 4543 j3 o o ,0 a o *H •rH a a tg to a H c rHiHrHH a a a a Fi i^-^ft. a ^ •o«H j3 ^ ! u c a o> © — $ 'A" " •H *^ ^^ -H o c B ID-H p. (H^ O --I C O n H a r-.no -H CO o :; n o C H ■H H •H t. r-l e C 0. •P n O ■* +> H O > ■.1 P. - to c •H n to ■u o ■P C o ^ a U c ^ E «) a ^"" c. lO o oo rH in «N H-P a ■a O rH i> O. s§ « M t; t, 3 ^ ■d 3 o o" t. < . s . ^"SS HO, H .0(0 S3„- tn w to OJ Ol CO Oi CO Oi CO CO CD CT) en c> |0) |(D |0> I-* ItO I WkO O lO lO cu p o|o a,p *(2 .og h|^. «g oi> toko t" l> t" lo> •*E- toE~ Olio OitO OOfO to-* |tD to l-i In H Ih l> p) I" 1 .„ Olloi OlO 03 CO lO O^ CDIIO tOlW to! • or* colo wl • lolin tolo tMW* C-I-sP tOl • tnlO ^I • ^ • H |co M |c» |05 lin lc~ |o to 1« lio olc- u3io (Oloi Olio aDlc~ toH col . tor. in • 'f • (O • ml . ■*|c^ cMh** c\ir* wl-* wW* w|^ 5p op op op op op Ilw Icj I H h ' |o to I okn inH top ^U '^u "U ICD lO kO loWo oUh CDp 1^ I* fO op op o CO p; oicy o -^ O lO *1* ^E- rH O) O to rH • in r> o • r-t ■* O H Ko o o in . to C- o o in . colo to CJ> H • CO c^ in a> H • top to CD ^15 inKD in . I s g a >> a . o rH C 3 3 ^t 5 a o w^ C o a a m o rH t. c o a o o o ^tl J3 o a a *>J H o C §. .5 a> m t, « 2 o o B J3 B e it c t. f. fc. t> > s-^ ^ t. -H o^ T) n -a B) • n XS P rH «-H i» a a (>.>> ^^3 a * a an f< a f5 S a o S5 a J3 o TJ^H tos ^ 1 u a a 1-, '1 " ■■ i" V. " " >*> •H .H ■8 <; E §»^ & ^■S' .. ?J ".'. .. .. ' -a H > n « H t? tl P O-H ft p n H ft •H CO a P3 G •■•• c i-t fH rH rH •^ a " n 4J O 4J & > :3 to o* o K B O C 3 *J ■tJ c o rH t. ~ C p. o ,• o o' H LT K o: u. -P ^ ai rH 1^ s* P i m '■J t; f. o b- £'= f, ji M o . rH ,0 m Sll« a ■ m to to Hp I roC BlOJ 1(0 i>ko wfc- 1° t-llO to OJ *r- too to to ■* . c-p (^Jhn rHCM ^-fe^ to | "fc ^U '°Ih- lOlr- WlCM COltD 'eil • tolcn O C -0 Tl a-' CQ aj ^^ 43 43 ■H • ©moo F^ ■p <: H O O O a 1 ^ ("jlH in > to on 43 ■H f< * EH -H O O H O O ■O © IS in tc o! o © 3 oz m or' 43 43 _.§ IS IS C o • u aa tn © T) -o ■P &. 43 43 © © § f> +3 (D C aJ 43 43 CD H « ©S o o 4J -P H: rH >> rH S 3 f. 43 '^H r-i 3 3 0) pa O •r) t>>,H r^ m o 43 © O O CO ol C Id n > o o o rH-rl f. §^ u 19 O O H^ t3 ^ o m • • «i « a to w (S -P 43 j3 J oi 0) •a-H o C S.;:;. . 15 43 O H rH CO rH t, . 3 o o 43 43 10 J3 tn rH rH t->X> ^ !>. ■H t.> ft ft ^ O O rH^ ■O Hi © n 43 B a (». as •d n n C 13 43 Al TJ in m • »H O © IS aJ © 1^; n -H tj H S S.'S'S IS p> © © t>5»>> >.43 (,,3 rHrH » r^•H rH O rH rH H OS o! Oj -d OJ H t. aJ -H -H S5 IS C TJ d « s OTI © 1 ^ t: rt p.. c^ .. .. „ .. .. 4J -H s-sa ■-I ':i " liH CO .M'^. H > n 01 H T) E 4^ O -H C O tn r-l P. r-i n o Q d o c H o f? rH rH e c 4i +J rH O > « s to o u C .. ., •H n to o t^ o +J •H +J K '" o H (< ^ O C *-) a 5 '^■ to o o o r-i in K N o r. -p a O rH 4^ C gd M to c u 3.' t) 3 O r- f,< Ph , t. .8 Ho* H.ntO SSm 1 W CM a CD kp ItO kf CD pj to to H -J- in toln to cu CO • CDf • to • to • i-l • H b b b b op- C3pi hI^ hIlO lOj ItO toln tolm oo ojo 4 I- It- ob Hlro Ol CT> ^|.- "U HP op o . o>r. C«p Cvlkj ^lOJ ■:tiICO CM • ^p Iin Kd b i>P ("r col* EOl* ^1 • wL o^lo inko inln k in • hIo ^Icm ^k •H q H > a H > 3 -p -p 3 H C in H H cH oi H <: to s -a: TO cm 00 CM tolC lOlh CMfc tor* cmt Ico I>kO ^b '-*r' P H • CMf. H • b b b top top to|H CO jc to ko loi C- leu to kO CO hjH "P "C ""Ih- W jo H p^ « Iw ■^1 • Ol • (Ml • (M|0 toht* rt|in 5p op 1 ok) ojo rM to OJ kj3 OtO lO "P €• €• oK tow t-p oloo toin CMha* Dp ojo op nr* tor* cmP* ko hf ohr >-|CM OOKM OkO ^L- ■^L; -^L: PT rr r^ 3)H "^r^ "^P %• ^U ^U CO O CO -H -p +^ CO s O "Vh ■H 55 CH J3 u O-H & to rH op op op t- lio Ico pop tor • ojI • to • lo |o lo o|« -^lai ico k- c-|« ito top ola3 inlco l-H KD |oj rHfc- CM • Hln ^C "b ^to- CM • col • CO bj tOKM i-41h tOK P lo iH • H • HI • rHl |o p jo |< OljO tOlH lOjtO C-VH 0>|0 CVJIc ■* CM COfCM Ojcn OfD (O p. lO C h* |in IcM to |to I- tDlC) C-C lo . cor to in loK „ jco jo |o kn . . |t~ p CMlt£. tokj) oto tolio Tt<\ai Hlcy c-|(d oko rH • CM • cor. M p COl> H • CM • CO C- (DO) IrH H M IrH ICM VO Ih rffco IT to ICJ |0 I'll fc- jOO IV to op inlio cmIh ■>!' CO CMp >Lh op • i-il • cmI . c-f • to • tol' t^r* o • to toKo rtkn nv^ CMko ^fc- tolto -^Icd op op op op op op op t> p CO |in icj Kf icj I H y< P' ' r-> P P k-i' |o lo to I I |o jo lo lo 1 |o p :>p op CM|-<3i CMp tolin lOH Icj> In OilCM ov> Dfc^ 101 • tD p t^lo op op ir>p CMH top c-l • y • CMp H . rHL' H • CM • (M • C-I • H • tD CO to H K> t- |co Ico H >o P JCJ COjCO p p kO ICM p t Hfc- COUi CMW« tofco toln top tOK '^Lft ^Ls' ^Lrt ^l* '"U^ ''^ * ®L r-ifo Hkn top inp op |T CM|C 0^1 • cop c^Ico col • to • r-iiri ok CMf* H • hI« cmLh cmLh c-r. hI hn CM m CO H ni O •*^ i; 34oi; ■P X 3 4J »j 3 -P iJ 3 H <KO COlO^ ■*r. H . cafco c^g P 1^ o>|5 eg WW CON' 031 • CO • [OlCD C--l^ CM bj Op op op %• -"p |0) ICV! Okb rHC- in • tol • hI CM • CO CD 10 O CM • CMkO H H to • n oo op op op ' |o o to • o 8 CM . O ! n ko CO CM CVJ * CJl • o • H in °S to in • lO • CM CT- In 01 H to . CO ICJ to i CM colo loH CO ^ 03/3 H • H • CO kn CMlO Cl lO H • tOjt- to m H • CMJCO CM O H • to tD jS f- 6. O H c qj cc>-^ f^ CU CQ <0^ H— i>i,£l • t> O < •HEH I H to 3 N-HH OJ 01 -P 3 C > ra m O t, c O 3 O C CO O .H H aj H H Tf o 0) d Hi bag H O H O H >^^ - > 3 03 bO J3 o H O ^ i; I O W O-t I tS • O I a,S r !>> i>>H I fl £1 m I H 01=8 H ,0 • 03 nm op op op o y M OlcD O CO fp ICO CJ • rH . ^|co in p (DUO coir, wl • [> • tolin cy|tj< op op H o>|1i 1™ w c~ CM CO cp COfcvl op (Dh** •*Ic3i olcD hVh . t~ • H . CO • rHl • rHl • rH[ • y Icj to W to 01 to cylcvj culoj top Ojicu LOp cu|^3< Hr evil • OJI • -^l • tol • oil ^1^ tOliD tOllO tOliO tO|t >p op op op op Ol E IS |§ IS 13 ^1 • lO • >o • C\J • ■*[ • p p p p p I™ I , . 0> C- tOlH p to H • ok' r^P' ^ > «H HWH CD* '-^l• CD« CO |to I* |lO elcj H 1K5 in top cop in in to in • op CMpO "^ pi ''IcD U tDko inlin S|^ w|to olo oo "lo- "12 CMP "J H* O t>>J3 tn -P ts §^"i^ il I § 3 p. p. H (D ID 3 e. H ID << m .a s o O O rH b, t( o t O a to C -- c .. . ■H n lO 4J c ■o ■p c __, ;. c s a ~ H lO K (M '^ *^ a ■V (»r-l a ii (3 C f« 3-< ■a - ti < ^ S rH ^ jC "1 01 1-1 r-ii 0| inlto ICJ ^ ICO liH Ir-H lo I lO « o o |o h|H o|o ^i^. ^i^. mj;. ^g iH p >Ol CDkn IDIO OJt- HlCO ""^ ^P ''t-- "fe op op •"lo- "15 «ko tolo LOW «i p |(M |tO hCo CD of. Ml H CO a -Vh 'Ohr tO|vn i-loi Hlio t- ^E- '-g <• N:- oB) ofe- inlin c~to olo D • (O • -^l • ^ • oj • dIoj toj^ cDp> inlH t-[io 210. iHl-? o;!'* •wp coto >|lh O CO C« kj -^ C rH iTj NJ . rH • cy . CM . OJ . |V Ici ItO I'J' l« op op op op « • CMr-l E; Is IS 112 I I l~ 12 (of". -.i*!* tor* L^i- I ' ^ L? ^L^ |o |o P lo I I p p §R 3p. SIS Sp. c::|S §18 ??|5 §13 ■^18 '"k -"t- "Is ^P ^k ^k ^k fa oitD It- ic- p p P p cob- CuIcO [OP COtt~ CD Oa C--IO cop C-lTj ^r« H • H • m • tsT. o . ^ . lo • HH p H I'l' P- 10' 1^ P hp P P c-ko ^p p tolin -j-p op c-|to ojL-i of- <3>t- M>pl H<0 OCJ O • in CO o|. '^h ^IS "'P ^P ^U "b ^P "Is L-l Cvjlo Cip- ^13 %• '£• COkO ICO -J-kO €• °E f^ op 'S'lCU p o • cop lokb OJIO lO • c» • hIoj ICO coco OJko colcj inp Rh gp; gR p |- -H -P •> c > c > > 0-, 3 H C £: > ^ OS CQ V- ^-^^'^ = s (Q 3 o CO O 4^ H •H CD B H > 10 O iJ sac H f>>0 O CD»H CD iH . n -a ■« MlH O O 0, f. c a g. COS 4-1 XI ^•H >^ 01 XI •CO o •OH t3 a, a m i^ (MOJ fir, w >>3 H rH ID -n rH tJ a ^ IS > -O OJ rH q O C 01 T3 C 01 <2 &, <( Q •»; ■S O u 1 k. '^ ■"• r,'4 u '-* oJ H > to p o . 1 n r-t n o d. •rH l") C to o ■-; ^1 1-1 l-t ^ CO cn «i ■* +j ti) a to o a to o 4J C 3 JJ -U " ^-^ M t^ 5 •^ tj ■" w lO -j oo ^^lr) X w i-j -p (d 0) H a a o ft f. •M o O M 3-H t. << f.^ iH 0) ♦ H -T lU gl- m H o to ^'5 C^ t-lD- O to CM . t^to to Olloi O) t Oi o Ih |o |o Ir- • "^ • to lOH H H iw Ito > h* OfcO 10 CDIIO O O ^- n to k" c-|> cop ^4 i-l VB to H|0 ok- CTi Wi t> • to • CV! • Icy O'|o OJlcD 10 |o ^ lOltP Ic^ ho . (O . ObH COC-1 OJ OlCM of • Ol ' cy rHfcy cj|-* h1^ Elo ho 1(0 Ito HlH caw M< CO C- p rHf • to . ►O . O • to|io toiLO c\:|to tolio to loi ^r. CO . ojIo tn IDp CoE ojr« o) • 'B op op op op op op op op op ok p op ICM lOJ 1 \ro ko |C" kO ICM lio ko )G1 H M ' M P H H H ° P P |o |o I p p p lo p p p p lOJ to Ito , . loi I* . j'lto Hlaj cop ■^U-T' ^j' o' op hIh p o Ki> 1^ r.|-5' ^ • M • CO r- o lo oD • c~ • ro p "j" K^ -^lo en M ^ • tow ■* CO Ol . H • top top in • i£> • ior« oi . |co IrH Ih p- I^ Ih H ley |oi |oi In ko loi to h< ojfcB H OJ rofio to h o n • C- • H • CD . to • H It- |in cj> |> |to »> , to |in 3*1 • -^Ic tJ • to] • op O oc^ hI • OJ to ojfco h1 • OJ H |c- fn [h 1^ €• p !■* to p p t>jo op ojp cnp •<}«H Oil • o: • to| • tol • Hi • p Ih loi |[0 H cv^' c-ln Ic- oitD c^lin In • Olio o>N> op top a>p o H • CO • hT' h • m • H kn He In p loi H 1>.P r> 43 13 43 6, ffl C d o ;i 2 "■-* t^ 3 43 H +3 -43H d g >>-H 3 tn 3 m -p n o SCO 3 o t t. a OH o 3 ^3 43 J3 3 S O J3 3 _ H ^o a p ) Vh . H f, OH tOiH t>i ^ Jl 01 £1 H o -d t^ as V •OH n c »i 43 aj © o H til M C N H en H !»3 t->43 f, 3 H H -J H O 05 t< 01 'O OJ H C O CtJ C 01 « *■? e -H C. ^■3"' w« "•o -1 > n oiH-a B u o -a c O n H o. r-i n o ■H :T c o °" C O r^ rH e c c o »> ^ ■p O u a > p- "H z K5 O — c .. . ■^ m lO +J o C o i> -H +3 c '" o •• •' l-t a u c •H :f d o ~ to O oo M\n K | . sp. HitO o o op Op Op O |(0 |W H MO P |o op- CD O to • H • |« |o 1° 4 4 ICO ko |o • Ml • <0 • o to tn ItO P ICD P lOC^ top I • cyr» •* • i|to wko wbo L -1 p Eh I 4 ^ iOJ kD K- CP C-IcO Cjkc o "U "U In oE iop> |w to N' OJtH |( ^p oak bO kn I H in I OJ . I P I ofco a>ti< c: w o^Ih in . rtf. k lo 4 ^E- U p f^ rtp op .^lO "lo- "lo- ^1 lo 'lo '"U c-p p |to olto rHln r-p- i-ifco r-fk) oi in Oil-* ojp toKO hF- CV • rH • W • to • iHI • Ko |o |o |co |o> ko p o|M< lin •p O •» HM to in CO c- ) CO •* P CVjl • (-1 • CJil • n • H • CTjIo rHttO COlCD In Icm m Icj \r^ Ic- p p icvj I* Icy >Jh' toR* com CO in ^tn iHp - • ihI • H • O) • Mf • • a|^ cuko w|io top tolin lolm 30 op op I I op I -I -i i 'l 4 IM p in olo op • >[• cup ■J" top cy • rH Ih p E* p 10 «p c-\a> p !> lokO ^Ih rHJH op in )>»' p 05 ■»• of* ^Iw np- rHln in ci; o • C--I • ol . Hf" c-r» tor« cap Olio NfO C- rt -p-p -pfc *-t c c o a! H f, . 34^ rH« >, ^^-^ ^n f? n C r; o •-1 c a o ■^^ ^ H ai j:3-p tJ n c o H P m x: ^o Ut,!^ XI 1^ •H o a ■^5'g tn "* 34J,Q^ •H t-3 H'o.oi& >> a o rH TJ a ^E- ^B €• IC- ICD o ^U DlCD WW* MUd O • •J • in p OICM COlCM ok- CO c- « • 0)| • I-* I* to|c» cmH ■*|o> cylc^ rH • to • ICM |tD oilc^ ■*icu tOkb CJIG) ior« oj . I ll op 1 4 "I |Cy (olco olo 101 njIS oIh ti o (D CTl t, CO * in lo j:i c- « o cv: § OQ ^^ ^ • CD O ■* in . CM r-t -P 1 o CM rH ffl c c » s: g CO rH !» » •i^ rH 9 g E" t.>-H 3 m 3 o (P -p m o +> > to c Cci oJ ^ c o ^ t, 3 o c_> do mo ■a hxi rH C) o J3 3 S S H t^O P, O O O t> ti t, > OJ t>>-P >^ >» Of ^ i-H 3 CO © -P ID > n c C f] C o -H 3 O o ^4 S g rH boe §^ o i3 3 ffl 0} o a c5 ® -H © • O 05 of S fu c n ID ^ n ^ H >> a T)H T) C (D oj ® O N C N .H t>.3 !>,*> C O CTI ■9 &.-<«< '-< IS 12: !»^ 1 o 4i Oi ^ Eh > cd ID • Tl 3 (0 O <] U ' ' c u M C C o H ("^ t] C o 3 o o H 1^ HH a J3-P ►J 01 a o 01 C O +> M »^ (D . n r-l> (D U bO S O ^ o «) o j: 3 g c e 'i^" p. O 0) o u u u ID to O 0) !m o O C5 -4 O Ch ^«-( . 01 -d «H -P • f-l (2) >, (U ^ ^ tOVi O dH C-O 3 . O gj •H a »^ f. t> o< f. 2 a >,&, Q, 3 -f XI !>>-^ f> 01 XI 1-= J3 01X1 H O TJ XI ■a a CD ■OrH -a ^> H . H 01 ^ (H O H a t- (S > TJ a rH a 5£5 (D -D c a d a j3 o ■a oni tox! h -^ 1 ID c a u.^:. " o ^ ■■ " > *^ •^ C E O -H C. O rH O «-, oi Ch CO w "■o H :: n c H a ij o-H a o n rH a ■-I n o a -H 00 Q 10 o C H H H V: C i c ^ c o ■p H t. > o & o c ■H « o c 3 +3 +J 8 U M « s 5 B) ;■■ d oo M lO X (M O l-J 43 4J H °l tl "^ rH .^ . iH XI ( §,; W CO OJ to tolo toko c--|S "lo -"U "P ko hIo hH c-lo oIh oh |o Icy Iw op op op H l« (M p p HP iH • rH • |S lo lo >\n mK oln lo "P -^U |w In 10 H M • CO o lo N to lO in . N Oj OJ a ■P43 ■ o e > © O o o © ^ ';h <*^ TJ ^ ■P ,Q « a r-l C c d a^ o o| ol o| op ^Cb ■op nko info •3 CD CmSo i- "P 3 op IS IS '^lo* "lo- |o |> no lOkM or- t^r- 3r- r-lE tT. inf. CD a> I(M h'' O top- • ^r» o |o |n loi CDhl' d op op o fo o lo op loB IP H* c-p- top] "E- sg 4 ko ItO |to ^J*I(0 cdI-^ji oftD 0) • to . CJ • |(M |tM H ItO ICO la oicj CvJ inlci I>1(0 • CJll • CM • CM Ih |in loH* '^l*^ ol^ 5P ^g 5g op op op lOJ Ic- loj p lo o rH • 10 . H • P lo lo 4 4 c-ko coha* oiTcn olc- fc- lo |c- sr. sh sr- l-J" lo I'* =h o| o| oi IS ^ o^ "lo- "lo- -*lo- wlw (Mt- oloi ^U '"P ^fc op I^-f)- ko CMkn CMfO OKD |W | |cM hK oko lofn |ca P h ■*t- kn p c-to lot- oin "P ^lo- ^U- O CO w CD > > I 4 Is ^E |CM |W I- + lo lo * 18 p a'lo) ItD H CM (MlCD H . Q . ko h|o) :n|t- jo HW- r-l O -1 • ■"fl • JCM lo Dp op K I'' p o NJ • CM • jo jo dLh Op Kp |cm ta [CM fin inkn rr. in . 'jjo c»fS 31 • * • lo CM -SI at. St] •H (D -HO > Oh > (X, 3 3 d§ ^§ < to <:co S cc t. ot aS 1 3^ O 0.0 i-l ^ tf 0] . O §^^« eg t>> CO -OH O O (D of T! a d t. •.< •3-5li. «^ OTJ > O tH C ) W rH CI. ffi tn of COpM OJltO 18 .I p ^ CO iHlt- ^In H • sol • CDl • lO H Ol Io oiLO u>K • W • (Ml I p o B I |o |o |o H . I> Tito OH o|o Hlib H h b P lev \o In oko cop- (ok^ coko ko lO ICO IO LOCO (Hloi oakD lOko olOJ Olloj C-IO: inH lOH rHp- ^ • <0 • C« • iH • Cuf . CMl . >J< • toko c«|-<^ (olin cot^ I-* tr Ito + o|o op + o|o op C5p op + + ! CO o w • o o to • o o 1 01 o to ■ o 01 D O > CVJlCO tO H to ^ lO c- • 01 Ol -i O CD LO • OJ O Ohi' Ol o H to CJl • 01 01 O) o •* • CM • CV) to • to • 01 CO ID lO 01 • .H O 01 CO r-i * 01 tolo ^ • ^^ 01 to to rH 01 H •* CO to to H • to 0) o n H • ■o in 0> 01 M- 0) iH to H • r^ lO 1-1 • OJ n c- • OJ o CO to c~ rH • 01 O tOVH 01 01 -1 to >- to • 01 -4 OHo, ■3b .5^ t>>-H pa > m C I IS > a t. ^ o t> o o o ® ca « •H t;-! o (D ® ^ -p «-i ^ to 3 13 in t^ H d h • o (d '^'^&'^,„§ H c of o >>>>:^ t»c iHrH O H 01 at r-l Oi F-( t? fO T3 -P T) r O (D (d H M rH I >>>>:^ . iHrH O H •r^ ; OJ C O -O (d ^ o '0 © (-( S^m* u 1 "^ o ■" " O !>> " " »■ ^ •7 -H "5E '-. « W « "•d ij H -a _ *) -H e n ,-1 e. r-i ra a ■rH [O Q . Ci, c: 10 ■rt □ •H H H •H E z s c ■P n ^ a o< 10 "• c 10 ^ c 3 ■H *^ a H d U a s 'J 5 a (D u 00 iHin X N UJ -P ■a M i> 0. Q 3 u 5S 1< 3-H ■a 3 o" t. < ui rH • rH XI CU ^ 3 :■; m rH OJ ife wo E-l in a rH rH CD in . 1 OU r^ • m rH • in rH kO GO 10 • t> CO in H CD • CO CM CD in CD H COO CM -a" 10 ^I- in CO en t> colt- + op 00 00 1 -t in . to • 8 10 • ! g lO c- H • 10 CO H • in cr-ko in CO CO Oi ro in CO • O) C>J H c- n in • 'I' 10 to in • •3* 1^ in . op 10 CO •0 OJ H • CD inkn r-\ * CO CO CD in . CO H|c» oip> olc- |a> toko c-t- top o>p- c 3p rHh* COW" o|o log OJt- rHkO t>ko toSo ^fO rHICJ Hl-H to •* tor • to • ^n lin op op IcO .CD MkO lOICD €• -I Olio c--]o toloj (HIOJ op op f- CmK CD CJ> colo ItO lO £1 H • to c~ in cs «? to c- in OJ In CDkO CD CD c- to H • c^ in c~ • CO to t~ H • St3 rH • rHlO rH n rH • f- rHtn to n rHin ^to* £0 En >, o .0 c O-H g t, a t. c 3 -o o 13 3 > Oh X PUH iH O rH aj O > o< t 3 rH C rH OJ <« OTt (d WO) 2S c 3 o C t. 0) OS-i X S C t- t. c •H -H ^ nH ■0 3 ■a > r CUt^ t-.Q 01 XI !»>= t>>J3 .0 Xt T) X> ■O-O HJ 13 0) a, (0 OJ (^»>> 3 *>> >» 01 D) rH ko Mfo (m|c~ coin o o> inK* o>»n ^V^ nl . to . ^1 • r-ii . Hr. r-ir. «[". rH O) C- O OIN- top- olw op |co HO |in I* Dp op op o CO o .ofe p o CO to t- Ih in CD > O • CM H to r-{ • ;0 o o in o to • OlfcO O <1< RO to W in «D to a\ CJ . o + + + Dp op op i '\ "i H a> loj olcD colo cob- olp olo r-4p op Hp- OlkD tnlffi ofc- |io l« ko h* IcD |io Ico to ko loj ko p H t- Dp i-ifoi *p top toKc >fc^ cjiR- ol • HI • oil • to • tol • inr» t-l • |in p lr. h[» CMko cjp ojko Q cd CO t-i So- -S 3 C 01 H C3 o • B t- a) -H i;h +3 t^H 01 ^ -H -H t>i O 3-drH Hi h Id Cii, t>> C ^ B XI t^ fco oK "L- "C ^te o Ko (D loj CO t- ojioj op lofcn "U -^u "U- op op Ilco ko kM ■*IO cow IDhj* cof* CJ . « • P b lo ot- |o h! Kf ■^r- Ttikn lolo) oko wj • (Dl • lOl • Clf* fo In Vh Iw O^fc- olw oloj HKO tcfo ■* . O • 01] • hf r-iko hSo h|w oio toIC- oko tolo ODt^ c^w c-hj^ o^Ioo -k "e "C "p I "I " ■* N to • H • OHw mm. o C d C e a • s OH H t7 ..P 3 3 o >,H (D O O 3 O a MOT) a>J HH^ o a a m o (D o to a* Ch Grow eren eolo avy 3 pu g§ »H t, o o o i^ «H+i t. x; n ■H ^ ^ • »>i o d'O e»a-p tc c a a c o'O lOICM tDkO colo OIC^ toko •* to o (C -^It- 01 • CM . M . (Ml . 1^ |to lin |i£) COlC> HlCO lOlW OJIOJ Oilw LOfco c-1 • -^Iw col • -^V • CDlCO -^ • |co !oi H |a> Cril-^ tOlOi OiCD HllO oo lO c- ^Dlio in ■> to • to • wf. to • |io lin 111 |in I olo oo op ■^'ItO I I JOJ '"'lo 'I 'I "|o lc~ rio lo c-1* olo) olco op hI^' lO • ml • to • Oi\ • «p Oilo ojlo jo |c- jo kn W iH Ht-H O C- COllO jin I'^ |in |to jo MjO c-hj M 11/ OOP Hi- rHl* WW Hl- lO k- l-H l>o iH 3 d top C- to h)' oto t- CO ojin <-tI • tol • ail • [CO I^ |oj rHIO CClH Id) ^H lolco lojin ■^P -|> "U to (U CDp ■yj'* C-LH to • to • U jio jin I Sr. op I lo I I I If' I I p I I to . I I |o |o p Oh-t ow kn c-| • ol • •O'p to^ ^|> a,p jo |H ItO O OJ hf Olp ^U "lo- ^U oipti fii ojCh >*• • (D • ^1 • CU p OJ SJ H H 43 (D O bjj H J3 S O B O O H >> o u o i> u OC5 ID « Vh •H O © ^ -p j:: -d •H T-l • Q O 3 COVi C a t. . o H cmx, :=> 05 X>£> j:> ra o ti ■OTl -OH n « ID « rf -H t^ c3 M S n >>!» ^ a (^. HH H H a a a ^ a d c c o c •a ■<■?&. << CM rH fl atlin olo ''lo- 'I o> • oil t- lin ^^^-l OH «|w o« coco olH -^p coco °U- "p -p %• -u- oHi ■a'p o)|o> Olio «in DO) ■«<|o coto ojIui c-E- . CM . «[• ml • ff. Iin I-* | oE) inlf- f • ml • lol • I- f- l« Im In i« t- |cM !« p p p p loK |cM |cM ml. lO, H P> I [-1 t- cj I |o |o I „lH Hlo „|0 cdI . H . ^- • [CM 1-^ ICM H oH "^f" t>r^ ^p mko to • cmI • ior» IrH Yn |c- CMio kn ICD ■hIh cnio M t- tof • ol* cnl • Im mlco cm|^ I op I I CM • I I lo I \P Okf Op Op IDp H C- m| • rH • rHl • cdIo o)K tolm ■* • a)r« * • l-y |l> |lO to p Op CD tn oL-> CM p in . c-r. H • CM to H> m 0y — u 43 aJ to •HE-"* rH CM +3 -A r? 3 -^ 3 o >-, DQ d ■!-> (1 n a (a U •H t»rH iJ m o Tl s rH q ^5 m 01 ^a ^ tos J3 «H JS F: d O H CI f. ocl e Ol O 4h (D •H «H +> tn CI u) n •H > c O.II. ^P c Q a ^ ol >.!» t>5j3 £> O-a £> rH J3 O x t>. cd +j TJ H CO 0) ^ >>P^S [» 4J >.(>. rH 5 CO t3 C C « jD o ■a (Dv^ a)j3 s O rH H c- CM CM S to o to H CM H H H CM (O lO CM t^ to ■0 C B 01 CO C iH O in o o CT. o O O o H o o -^ -H.H ft a a lO N O H iH 1-1 H H o CM H CD to xO to "•a -P O -H P, o 01 H a r-< n o s c^ O LO 6 rH LO in to H o CM H o C- to rH H H o H o CM O CM H cr> H CM CM CD H H H g § 1 ■H CO n ^1 °l ^1 ^1 ^.i HI ^.1 ".1 "'.] '11 "1 ^.| ^'\ rll ^i| °.| c: oi V oi oi ^1 oi V oi o| oi oi oi oi ol ?l ?' ol ol ol o>| crjl ^1 ...| to ".1 ":l ^.1 rHl CMl tOI "1 "1 ^•1 ^.| -11 "•! ^ oi c^l oi i CDI oi oi oi oi c^l o'l ol oi ol o| ol oj c c )^ O -H O CO o o o m • o V CO o + o H • O o rH • o o CD O O no o H • o o H . o o o CM Oi n to . o •* Ito kn in CM T CM I" n H • H • CO • |o o b E ? rH O CD CO H CO O to • CO H o 5! 01 • CJ to ICO iHH hT • ■*9 c\] in H • H CM H • to CO CM r« H • to H • ■3< O CM n H • o H in CM • o H H o [- . CM Icn CD C- tO CJ) ItO Ito to C- O OH CO CO ^ . ^ • CD . P. 4^ 4J rH t, ffl rt > p. -H o ^ o H IC- HtO CO fO . * CD hn CO CT> t> • O O CD > • ^ 01 CD H O lin ■Ti -SI o CO • OJ H in|H o O H H OlO CO • * o H sis CM • CM . CO t> H CD CM IH o CM LO in cji CO O • CM . CO . H O lo c o u o . to lO CO CL. KO CM C CM . CD CD in • CM IS 1- • tokn 0! C- LO to • to in CM ^- !> • [> cr- in CO CM in CO • in Ol ro o o H • tokn CM 00 CM in • CM * CD . CD • CD « tOJcD CM -4< CMha- ■P c to o + o|o + op o|o ojo + o|o ob op oL ob op op ko |0 H 1 01 * . oo CD . O i o ■p •p i t. ho o o o |o f( o ^o o CM • o o* O to • o o to • o C^J "^ o in O CM H • o to o o o in o CD |o o H • o • H CM ko ua a o ^ • H • H • |o o |o a c 1 CO in ID r-1 O to • CO CO CO CO . w Icn to • o CM O o • ohn o o H • mlo H O H • o o H • o c- CM in CM • O CO en • CM o ^ o Ol • CM CD o; CM • H O lO CD • cdS to kn lOp ko in 01 MO ■* > ^ . H . CD . H jin KM a bf o O -1 in • m c- o H • H * to CD • o o * CO O CO o OI • CO C7t CO o c:i H • CO in o CO • to o tr-|0 H C^ H ♦ 01 c~|o O CO H • CO CM in t> |to Hkn o in CD CM CM Kf H CM O CO M n in . H . to • hi- O ICM d CDkD H CO H • sg. O O H -^ ^:|3 iH • H CI CO to n rH • oilu^ H O H • n Hhr CM O H • H . §6- CMg •S'lO CM CM H . CD o CO * CO • to o o fo H op to n H • o CM lO ht> CD m ^j* c^ rH n in • H • in • CM lo CM to O) CO r- O H a 0) in a to CM H CM H CM in o in H 0) CM in H CM in H H CM in o H ci o H in O o in CM a in C- CM H CM in C- a CM CM O H CM in CD 1 a CO > CD oo H 10 O ^ H O O C^ CD CO CD I> ■a a cn CM CM CM CO in in 1 1 1 (OH *J p, 1 to w 1 CM H CI CM CO 7 ^ OJ CM ^' cc •* CM « to CD OJ 0) CM Q n 1 C:~ 1 O H ■0 O 1 § p, fH O H •H > to i 1:0 P. O E< H a a 1 CD c- i o H ■cj o ^ H a Ol o H to CO ■s a H O > H 3 0) H-d H O << s H 01 o H ■O O §§ H P. H O <^ to •H t H H m lO H o •H c: a > o « CO H •H H O i C- C- H H t^ II ■a " o '- t, < H H r-l-a 5 g 33 f? g S to H CM H H '■ HO.* 8 > H O i-ITl > o»H a ) 01 rH a < n O D. •H CO rHfe* CMKO cop ^n 'lo- '"U c-p • 0> • tojo tohJ* «H< op op op op HfO tow h |w KM 3lO C-p ^f|3 |(M ko |(M IE' h fc? Jit- OilCl o^lo h In l« •S^ H ^ CO 4J 1 u c ^ &- f "^ .. ^^•••■ •H-P oca «-(rH O (n dr-i -r. jj 13 ^ B O n rH t. f- M O C- JH CO ffi 6. « O a C H o •H H a H fH ■H ;^ K CD a C O +> 'i* c o OT +i t. > c ^ 10 & O c o JJ o c 3 •P 4J w C rH op O^D op |§ t^ 13 H • ml . inf . Io K> lo Ioi KD inUt CD COloi CJl . o |w Ih ItO lOl |^!• IrH M '^lo COW tolE -i-loa •^1 • Oil • id] • N hf ko o cy CjltJ> CM . ' Oj|to op op op op m ois ■"lo- '^U (Dp oCh top *p 0)p H ■* "lo- "P op to CD to |-^ OJ I"* olo op 103 |OJ p lev kn CM CO cope Io |o CM • rH • in • p jo p lOlOD p ht" CM-* c-p oln -'U "P "^fc kO IrH inkO r-iVO oha* -"^p '"U '^lo* ""U* oK top lolco ^f. 10 . hI. loiin toltD -^p op olo op -g- 4 4 o E C < Sa d (0 •H •• ^ ft u 0. 5 5 c tH c\ o g •H 1^ £ c o c c u « < fc, 1 I I I I I I I n 5 in to to to w cy f-t I-* M M r^ I . • « • . I o o o o o intAiOlAlAiOiOlA I I I I I I I I W W « W CVI « ■— o « W CI 01 M H ID •HB o 8 0) w GO ^ ^^ •o-o HH 55 ID O O O o a 8 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o d a d o d 1 d CVJ (H Ol to 3 to to 00 1-1 to O O o o o d 1 1 o o o 1 o o d o o d o o d 1 o o o o o o o 8 o o o •H H O o o o o o o o o o o o o O o o O o d d d o o o o o s o R o lO CO O* «-i -p ed S* S° a? ■p F. C ■p e C5 -P -p. >^ o > CO (0 I -2 m liO lO LO W w W OJ to lO lO lO to iH H ^ II iH CM CM lO lO lO to ■OTJ 9 CI rHH 01 III 0)^ I » H iD . H J3 (Q to CO OJ C\] CJ OJ OJ OJ :;;» 1 O I I to 0> Oi WWWWCMWOJN lO ift lO 0)010)01 W OJ W OJ lO o o o o o o to to w lo lo lo in lo lO in iH O O rH §1 O 13 I. t. a ■p a 3 ti > rH H (d d O H O rH 01 OJ CJ CJ OJ OJ OJ lo ii3 lo in lo lo in ■p E §.- ^.5 55 APPENDIX C PARTIAL MINERAL ANALYSES OF GROUND WATER FROM SELECTED WELLS f - m T CO o o .-1 t-o eo <»> lo uv in * <» o- n 1 ^ i I I I tn ir: n m u^ ■ C C I 00 m ■-» C. CM TO CO C I C C r*» CO CNi viS ;sj V ■* "sr ■tr ■a C [ C C oj in ID sn lo CM f-] ^ ,— : cw J. 8 t I 5 ^ m to 1^ CO G I c g !r> u") f-. if> »n >-l r-t i-i f-f 1-4 i .c c i I O C' pH O try Cvl 1-1 r> CM CV D I J. 1 r* c*> ^ w i^ O ^ I P-: m ir .-1 c: 0> r-l O O Ifl a> t "t r*. CO CM ffs ro CO ic cr oi r» r» r-- (-■ I-) «-l r-l (-1 fH P-: r-« i-i ff-t C. CO Ol CO •* O CO fO i/) UT r^ r^cyi^^to r^ioao'^us 3 a I j r I ( C a ^ « c r«. lO 1 Ol 1 o en r-C lO CM P> I I r. p 10 o o c o r^ ^. ^.^ ^^ ^- ^^1 m !<: ir. in ui tfJ in u> '/i LO A U ' ' ' "a- CO o> y- c^i 1 g I 1 1 r-! CM m X -T cv; c-i CJ rg r-i rf CJ CM C-1 ,-, 1 6 9 1 1 CM c^ F-i I I U5 00 IT) I r I I I c oicoc loccb cnecie icteli iisci o^Diic o o o o »< in in 'r> i« in r-i .-, ... CO C C) C-! . . I c I t ^") (-* CD CJ-. CO ' P5 li) CM c J ,-( e-: CM CM IT, in U"i U3 if^ C B C a J. ,-; c. U-) * * r-» O. CM CM CM J. ! I I ^ (£5 r^ CO r* c B . V O CM CO •H 0) ID 0) f! N >! S >5 111 C-1 o o u o o CO l») <0 CO CO m IT) m in in I I e B I CM CO W rH in r-l CO CO X * > * ' lo r« r. 00 o 9599 v* r-i *^ f-i ^r? t^i »ij r-l t-J ui C7» lO ^ CVJ CD I I ' 'o It I r^ I I i ; 11(11 I I I I I i I ; ! I i I 8 , I I I I I I I I i I ill! III! ! ! I I M in in in in in I I 8 I fl f> <*> I— I CO CO ■ I ,1 I I • i < JL ' ci ci *d d '^ *^ ^!5! i??93 5i?3q!5i f^^ !q!«? g a I ! SgS I I J ! I I I I I I I II { S III!! I {S I } Sfe » I I r^M Mill I I I I I HIM I I I I J I I ^' I } \ n U 111(1 IMS! I \ n \ Mill Mill o o o o r-l CM CM cj m in in in in m CM CsJ eg CO CO O CO r». o> 4 o o o o o CO CO fO ^ ^ in in in in m I a I i I CM r-l iH CO CO r-l CO CO O P- CO r** 03 m o o o o in in m in in Jill I CM r-« lO CO m CO CM CM CM V in r^ CO o» O O r-l W ,-1 in in in in m I I I • I lo o CM f-i in CO iH rl rl 'J ' i. ' r-< CD CO V r^ U5 oi CO o CM rt rt ^ lO ICM^r-ltH r-l CVJm rHi-l CO »H o» r* r* ir> I I I I I I i I I I I I i I II Ot Ol 01 O^ O) t t ^ <» ^ I I I I I IT) C7» W to CO CVJ CM e^» CM cy> o o o o ^ in in IT) IT) I I I I I CO ^ f~ CO ID M CM r-l CM I I I I I r-l P» IT) l~- r«- OOOOrH f-lf-lr-lr-4r-l iHrH inirsminm inminmin m ir> i o CM CM fn i-i in o in 00 rH rH CM CM CM ^ in 10 r^ CO 000 r^ r-l CJ CM CM CM CO P5 0> 01 in m m in in m in m ■* 1 ^^iJ.i 1 J. 1 1 I 10 a: V) . Ui E- 8 S 6^ S t: ^ E CJ a - ~ - B s g re c ^ « ^_ n *> ml u ■a CM " ~ - a ■»» si a - .. - ^ai ^ =s z m rH m 9 M » CM CO <0 lO O f "♦ c>? (O in CMr-IOOOt tOOQr-l ^CDOOrs"' u3<0(^o>n r- 'T r-l r-l CM I I I I I I I I I I CD in CM m in ^2 •a ft. 0! -f O J3 ooo>c3>ato oooinio to r-l r-l rH r-l •H C-3 » u] d C5 J « •J Q p.. M fC-s o s n. "O W t- M -H >- " -J -e S d 8 S •J g P 3 £ 5 :i o! CM i-i m rH • a W r^ r^ CM r^ iH in T 't in I- O CM O r-: rH i ! ! i ( ! o o o o o CO r»> CO o r»- (£1 r*. w CO m • A • • • p- r* CO CO r* O CO o O ;J ^rlYnl a Q " t. s % «« <1 m rH « iH O (0 * ■ ■«■ T T "» nil! I O I CM t I ! o o o o o o o o o o in m in in in in in in in u'l a> CO ^6 rj i-* CM OJ CO e « I a ^ in r* r^ CD lo r^ lo U3 (O I « I 8 K ^ 'T 4D 00 00 in in in in ^ J s K a a ot U5 r-; o en I I I I I CO m ^ tn in ^ ^ ^ -^ ^ I I ! ! i t in ^ i-i CO in •^ 1 "4- T «3 t I ! r^ I I s m iH I I !l 1 00 1 ■ > t lo S' CM CM W r-l CM CM 1 4 1 « « CO 'T in ID O) 00 0> r-l^% T ■T in in m « 3 9 J. S rH in CD 'T a> r-1 CM i 1 1 1 4 rH CM lO r~- •* *IjD «3 CD CO CO in in t ■* 1 3 I S 3 3 rH O 0> O* C> iH CM rH CM lO in CM CO ID CO in CM i-i rH CO CO "T "J- T 1 V 1- -^ i t i ! i i ] M ; ! ; I \ i ! in IT) in in in 9 I a I s CO CO GO 00 CO I I I I I 1-1 (-1 iH r-l iH in in in in tn B 1 a B B 8 S I B 8 r^ rH rH CM OJ in in in tn u' 4 1 3 8 B ^ in CD '^ CM Oi CO rH CM B 8 B a s CO CO c*) p** p^ i § 3 h X> o <1> C DO £ C-lf ;n ^ CO o> CO ^ ^ ^ t m to r^ in f-! ro ■^ to in tT) in CO 0> fO CD CM 'T ^ m in r* r*> 1-4 in M (-1 0\ O CNJ CM I I : a I 8 lO n a> cs inino»cor^O cof^ovcjio CNJCMCSJOJCVJ CMCSJCMCMfO r* *-) o fo CO CNJ CO CO CNJ C\J 3 C in ^ CO I I r** r*. r-- r^ r** p^ r^ in CO r*- I r^ r^ r^ i I ( a I I 9 1110 I B I I I 1 1 o o ir> o o CD o in uD O O C\J (O Q O O CM CM I ] rorocococo in^r>-CJ^»-i I I I I 8 P- OO CO O rH O r* o* o» o> ^ 0) x> ^ ^ in in vo ^ ps. in in in in uo 1 • I < J. in in 00 00 "T 0» CO CD <^ CM cl4 1 f.!> ' ' ' : r-i i-i r-i r^ VI CT> c!> ises o> oj OO ^^ s????;'? 5!5§5 2 t tr I ic ID I n e I e I i i I <0 CO lO 00 o ir> in tn (O in I C 0>-*i-lr-<0 OiHiHt-irH ininininco comcotnco I (I C I I I B I I 1 oCMrHCMco toror-coin CO rH rH rH rH CM cMcointO'*T in^in'iJr^ CO r*) CO I AAA, >> >>"0 += 0-5 o^cofccooo r«"OOcoco o^ooo^cocn ■ cr> C7> oi a> r-( rH i I a a 'T ^ ^ Sr.* I ^ ,_I C\J CNJ in in in in in in ir» u") in m I I I I 9 _L » " J. ' inotnair^ «r^in^in rHCOCOCMOJ CM COCOCM D I I I I I I I I B I I I I S inior^cocrt o^'^r^-co cni-too'^io o o o o o CM 4■ ■sr in in in in in o o o o o •«■ "J- ■<»■ ■^ in in m in in in 1 8 1 1 1 CO 1-5 in r-i in cj CO CV r* r* GO C7> o ^ in ID lo CO 00 o o ^ lO CJ E- >■ W M J J J ^ Q < S in 3 1^ J o « < ca a • a Ck &« CM CVi CO i^ (O T T •* •^ ■^ O r^ r-l r^ i-i ^ "J- ^r ^ ^ ,-1 QO CO Oi o^ O O^ CO (D 2 t r-s r- CT> rH CO in II I I 8 I I I t i 1 S i a I 1 I J I i till! iH pH CN CM CM CA C^ O^ O^ O c^c^ e^ c^ cA CO 1 1 7 CO CO 1 ■5r 1 t 1 J1 CO 1 lO 1 lO CO 1 1^ o o CO ifN.in o o 1 o m 1 O 1 o in 1 in in 1 B £ § 2 Ac^p!,^^ o r-l in CM 00 o f-1 C\J I- c\ m CM (N lO lO o cl A 1 1 1 1 1 c^^ ir\vc tv. 1 cj, o 1 i 1 o> Ol 1 00 1 1 1 1 CO 1 S 1 CM -1 1 rH 2% cap 05 Q t. .H CO Q> s >>>)>> c-6 I ! I 3 I t e c !^ m TT ^ ^ 1 't '«' J c I r* CO 0> 0*J CO 0> QD Q in (o s^ (N. 5* ■» ^ W *r t C 1 J, c oo p*- CM lo in rvj c\j ,-1 .-( II J J. 1 ^ in IN CJ CM CO CO ■^ -"S- •» T ■<»■ II I 1 D '5'? !? 5= i? utile n n 5!? ?S^ C t c in r*« o> m in r-l .-< ^ .— I I I I J. O rH CM CO "J ^ »■ iH CM r^ en m ^ ■^ ^ 8 I r r o I [ c I in f' j^. O (Ji r^ IT; •* c? '^ '^ ^ ^ C C I 6 3 minu^m inininini S K « SI? 1208 1190 1150 1255 1066 1253 3.240 1260 1270 1230 o in i CM 1 1 3 1 c 1 G 3 \ 5 ; s a I ! o o o o ^ in in tf> in in in in u) in in c!i4cJ,AA CM CM CM ?3 >i Xi J3 ^ Xi f> ID lo [^ r> 00 m in m in in .— 1 rM .-I pH CSJ CO 2i i-l i-H rf mr*. CO CO CO cji r»- 03 CM c^ cvi in cvi ^ 1 1 1- Ol o .i> >. S O jO B o iH m c-7 rvcsJroCMfo CMcooJr-ico mmcocoa? cc vj w Ec M O C 3 « X [d R >. ■a ui &< e- 0) >- U M 3 J w J c * t^ -3 -^ 5 " S "S < i/i S g -^ S p; " 1^ I 3 M I i-< I ^ I I I 3 I ( I I I io I I I I ( I rH I I I I I g I ^i XI «> o o o ^ ^ ^ 't i ^ 'J- CD C^J I CM i-I O eg tf> ir> "^ IT) in I I ; I I O r*- 00 rH f^' C\» ,H r-4 <-» CVJ I I I I I CO in CM CM T i 3 i ! 00 Oi Oi o o in ^ ^ in ir> I 1 1 I I o> -^ T ^ r~ ^ rH CM 00 ^ I I I I I ^ o o 00 in r-l CQ 3 t/1 'tfcoCMcocvj f-5^CMcon? c^cn^oco ^rotncoc*? ■*'T o o J I e in ii> I I I I 1 ) I 3 ■ lilt 1 ! ! { S & .-c O^ o> cr> oi O* '^ T •'J- '^ ^ C B I I < in tr) in <7i *i3 r-1 CM CM CM C S i I I in ^o r^ CO o> CT» Oi O^ O O ■y" -g- "ST in in I < I I I 00 ^ in "^^ r*- M CM CM rH s a I 8 f o o o CO in o o o o o in in in tn in (D lO CT) in ID CM CM CM tills r^ r- CO 0» rH O O rH i-t iH in in in in in g D I I I lo o f^ j-i in CO rH rH rH I I I I I in in in in in O to CO r^ ^ CM CM CM CM u) iTi ir^ *-" in in in in ^ B I C m ■:*> o 'o at rvi eg ■>!:-; CO e t G r I B 8 9 "«T ^ ^ ^ in *o CO '^ tn '^ o o o o o tn in in LO in B I Q B r- m (O CO (o t o o o ro m p*. O O HI .-* ir-a in in m in in CO ^ ;r^ o OJ <^i ■^ 't ^ ^ ^ sr H M ins OOpOO Op-SWt-0i-« «-=f^i^(-fifl-* (M in in bf) m _, 5 : I cr> lO « m vo inmininin irihin B g I O *>» 1^ in p CO .-i r-* a-fl OJ a c fl t CM <>-> . 1 ^ C G i S \ o o o o 04 CO *-« i-H in ,4 A, o w 5^S e • SOT C=J CO OD CO ,~i ro cococo'^ (M C\J CM r-S CO i-fl ^ ■'t ■ fH t &. 3 Q >• U n 3 J J J C < b1 < 'H ^ 1^ 5 "S O O Cvj C^ "^ in if> T M" t VO 03 U3 ir> 0"^ T r^ r. ro O 00 Ol O .H ! ! 1 t I t 1 i I 3 o >> o o o o u CSi CM CM o ) < 1 1 1 do^c!, CV t S >) >5-p i-l rH r-1 rH rH rH .-H ^ ^ ■M Q) 0) T3 ^^%.^ .-H rH ,-( C. SSli c-io r^ C) in CM CM CO CO ^ ^ ^ CJ CO r- CO irH ■^ ■^ "^ -^ ^ 1 I I J s SIMS o o o J c-< c-t ?^ r-{ i-l iH 5 t> I I I cr4 (H » I s D I B I I I a 1 Irt U-/ r-< fH . ir> IT) CO m ( I I I I CO PO CO 00 I 1^ p^ a» o r-( rH CO in tf) CO 1 I 1 I I CVJ lo p^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 00 ro ^ ^ ■*t in ID r^ CO CO n CO CO I D C I CO O >-t CVJ r^ c\j cvj r~ I I I I C7» o> r^ CO C7» o w m t/3 Q l-H C ■1? a ;z 1/3 j-ii^'Niftt-i coCT)^c^jf». (OiHfO'>iC> in^ooy^co oo^oroco cp m^ococDO^ oioci^r^ tf)Ooof*-p^ ^D^otnusto u3«>u3r^^o ^ rH vHc-{ iMCUrHiHi-l cHr-8j-*rHi-l iH»-«i- ID in in in < " I ' J. 0» CO .-H O^ ^ •(J- 'T ^ T ^ CM a> ^ CO o I a e fl t • f I I o o o o o ■^ 'T ^ ^ ^ in in u^ in in I ■ -a- in in in in in I I I I I OD in ic cv o> ,H rH - a W M E- fl r/l E^ t-i < U .4 •»» »? w ^ c \0 r4 ir\fvt^ CM C4 e -l CM ^^Kj >RS ITNVD oH CO \.0' I ! CM lT\ r-( CO ■^1 »H CM \o t-^t^t^t^ O V£) VD O f^ «n I-l CM CM I I a I 1 r~^oo oo CO oo ao GO CO CO oo c'\c5 f^jj- t-t t-O irl CJ J 1 J I I ON ^CM00 OCM l-t l-lrtOONrH CS|t-t O CM I 3 «H ! ! i oso u\^ c^ 11 J "l 5 O c^t^CM SO CM CM CM (H I I I I I CM OO OSOO^ tfxc^so UN in i-» CM 0-4 r-4 i-fl I I I I I US UN SO t^OO t^r^t^t~^oo OO oo GO CO CO oooo^oooo GO oo oo CO CO ft lf\UNt^ ON iH r-! (-4 11)11 ON OS O 1-4 Csl UN OS SO CM OS •-1 iH CM iH CM O^ OO^ iH J- . CM t-( I I I US SO so us USSO so UNVO C-12 l'tr\oS (M ir^ c— * -H CNJ SI I I I g I 1 1 1 g I 1 1 g t o B a: i/i J O S Cl, TJ ^Sl: 1 c/5 e-i M »< >- O J +s J W 5 c << 13 S o E td C3l O 1 I I «^ ft g o o ":.1 o a o B s o =£ i .. o r< 4= o M d IT g .. a CM 0> s X9 "«; =: « f-i rH m • 3= i o o o o o lJr^u^UMr^u^ 1)111 1 I J f-i C«% J- VD t^ ITi O CO ff\ CT\ OO OO OO 1 o o o o o (H c*% in ir\ ir\ ir\ ifN 3 9 0} <^ CM t^jd- ir4 6-] r^ csa c^ e D s s oj eg r>! CJ oa H5 (H tH ^ #^ 3 D B ^ 3 (9 O O O ® 5-9 0-4 (Hi iH 'C^J c\ UNO irvo c^^ t^ ir\oo CO <7N O rH O 1-1 c-^ r^ ON "JV ON ON O CO UNCO O CM eg irt CM tM iO I I Cb C-! CM C>! r* r* i-> t-i UNCM ff^ H] «-4 CM UNt^^vf»v \\0 < UN I NO \0 i^ UN\0 O ITlsH UN UNr^\0 NO CM CM CM CM CM CNl O CO CN t^CO NO UN CM I-^ CM CM r^^ OO D CM t^CNI UN 1 \0 O UN'^0 CO lONOOOCM . _._.. I CO t^NO t^ t^NONONONO CM CM t^OO t^ iH OO C»N UNC^ O iH rt CM CM UN UN UN UN UN I I I J c^e^i-1 t-^J- UNlAuNUNUN J-t OO J- ■-i OO CM CM rM fH I I I t 1-1 fH CM CM CM CMfNCMCMCM CMCMCMCM UNUNUNUNUN UN UN UN UN Ps C^jd- J- OO On ■H ^ J » C o (d ^ to 4^ C S (B P, l?^£ f-i r°« ;»1 w« nil 0-13 gi o S B g ^S. ID 1 CQ rH m 3: W fH t^ r^ ON c^ CM ir\ ir\ J- if\ t~^ un. J- c^ J- CM J- ! 3 >353 -3- J- J- ^ J- o o o o «H HI «H rt o • iH rH iH i-J rj Q« Q, 0« 0« Of (d (d 10 ui M w w CO j« t. o -P 3 ^OSPp^*^ voCNcntHUN ^ot^c^oc»^ O GN CT\ O CN GO O UN\0 SO t^ ON C^CO CO CMoHlHC^JCsl CMlHCsJfH Csl C^i-fl NO cr\esi CM oo ^ iH cr\ if\cs ONCM VO J± •-< O CM CM llNf--, C^ ITNCM C^ P^ O CO On O UN CO t-^CM O r^ O CM CO OO I~v i-t CM C^ C^CN 1 1 CM 1 1 O UN 1 1 1 CO 0^ 1 1 l-l CM 1 I I-l J 1 rt O 1 1 CO t^t^ St 1 I O 1 O UN 1 NO CM 1 1 1 e>NCTN 1 1 OO O O 9 ■3N"3N"3N'ff\'Sv iH rt CM 1-1 I I a I I M CM ^ o o o ^ o UN'5\'?\ ■?>■?> lllll O t^ J- t-vCO >H rH CM CN C CO 4^ 01 ^ C/3 fH oj t- o 3 2 ■« x> ^ oo CO CO CO TTN UN UN UN UN lllll UN NO NO ^i? NO unununnono \o no no no *^ CO j3- j^ j:}- ji" ■ I ■ 5^ -H 5 +. >, >,^ C-llj :S^fJ CO c-< C\0 CTN O O C\0O CO o • • I i B I g B B I ! t B > ) B I I i a I g 11^! B c^ : ! I ! a B g 3 I ^ J3 ^ bS ssir\ if u\ iTi UN irMrxirv • I ! I I I B J I 1 1 ) D I a 9 a I B « HI CJ P^ C^ UMfMriUMT. OB M CSI Cvl cr>j 9 O 39 19 JCMC^CMCM 0«CsiC»^ S B C B I \0 tVOO 0^ rH t-^ 1 I t B B I I US a a a B a a a a cm a b a a +^ SB ^ B U ■3s UNUMrSLTi a a 9 I . . . . . l/^r^lr^c^c*^ OC^t^ COONOiHIiN VOVOt^COoO 00^ «-^CM 1^ 9 IP) ffi N M III .^•^l C-15 ga t3 M ^ 9 in t^Sr' c Si U 1-1 »1 J W J 4» ^ rf "* C z H 2 3 ■a! W C8 o CN CJ CM (H 4 CM >H CM CM Jl-^J-J-^ Jl-J-J-J-Jj- Jt ^ JT^ Jf CM CM CSJ CO i-i CN*^ CM CM CM CM Csl CM NO I CO GO O • I . o • O I ^ UN r-l C^. CM CM J. I I 1 I ^ O J3 ^ rH "Ss UN'tfv UN UN I I I I I t^ rH Nil UN ir\ CM cn iH CM 0-) £ X> XI ^ NO NO C^COco uSOnctn UN cm J ' J. ' ' ^^oo rH noj:-^ l-t t-t i-t iH ,H t CN C^ C^ C^ C^ « I 1 I I I X CNNO C^CM US ■♦» UNCMCMJ3-CM J-UNNOts,tv> •-> o 1 o B. u. =& ? M 01 Ll a • 15 a " &> _? *l ■^ a f-i pH IS > w 0\ (^ ^\ ff\ ON c^.jt c^ p'\ '^, D OO I I CO C\^v4C^<^<^ CO ^s O\0O OS C^N C*-\ O-V «^ «^ CA rNE^. O^ C^ ^j'^'^i^S Pf: I I >H UN I I c<^ UN t »H CM CM CM CM UNUNUNUSirv J- -i jt tfN o CM CM CM C^ CM CN CN p^ CN UN tfN UN UNUN I I I I I ■sO j3- NO ON •-! CM rM PN o o o o o tfs UN UN UN UN 1 I I I I f-< UNCTNCO ON UNUNr^ ON O UN UN UNjiJ- UN I NO t^ CO ON g-i _C»N NO t^ t*^ i-l CM CTN CM j:t- O O J- UN O O O O O UN UN UN UN UN I I I I I NO C'N UNvO O eg CM CM c^ .i J, • • ' t^oO CNrM CM B +-- > Oi O C O +» (c « (, (/] C a O tT3 c 5- ^^ Ti ^ V |4 C ^ O li, D Jill c-i6 o S M a! if> J- J- ^ ^ t^ fs. fv. t^t^aaoooo oooocOosS) VO t^CO ON ^\ ^ js- 4- J- J* L 1 < I i UNtv CTN UNUN e-l fH i-l tH 11)1 O !-< C4 <^ J- « ^ l-^ Dill} ff\ ff^ ^\ ffs ffv D B a I I ON '^ rtg j3-«Nir', c^i^ oiTNcM^t^ ir.oJ-c«N:^ j±J- u a 3- J- ^ J- jS- i^ J- u> UN^ J- J= 3- j± J- 3- a- O Si UNOj* ifN UN iInUN IfN CN! C>l CM CNa CM ■r\ o 1-1 CM UN J t I I ON O r^ Cv! vO CMCMfnc^fTN C^PNC^. Ci2>(r\ *!•% CN CN C^. CNj l' I I II UNUN OJ J 1 L ■*= f^ CM .-H -.£> UN O CM <*N ^ ^1 ^ I 1 1 t ONoO ^'Nj UN ^ 4, E J3 ««! C.-17 " 1.1 iM C^OO O CO t^oo oo oovo •-* ^ CH i-< t^ UN 1/N c»l O O ff^ fH p^ ffH ^ O 0-( «M r> I O CO O O < c) ff-^ CM <>j c O O ON-* OO r^ CM -)rHi-lrHiH rH OO OO OO CM fH (H «-* X> ^ X> ^ JQ «-fl P-* ?-* P-^ »-< UN UN UN UN UN UNt^OO iKc £1. ^ X> ^ <-< l-IcH fH l-t UNiTNlTNUN UN i-< «-« J- J- NO CM CM CM CM CM CTN ON ff\ ON ff\ ■-I iH (-1 i-l iH UN UN UN UN UN I I I I I fv.cO OO ff\ (H SM CM CM CM I I I g I ON C\ CN ON O ^ J3 JO £ « XI ^ J3 X> i-lrHiHiHi-l rHi-lrHiHr-l UNUNUMr\UN UNUNUNUNUN I I I I 1 ■ • 1 . ■ CM CN^ UN UN Ai V^ CO ff\ O iH I I I I I o o o o o •-I ^ ^ cH rH UN UN UN UN U\ 1)111 e*i CM cn u\\o ■H f-( f-t r-l r=^ O O O O O >H (-1 iH r-l rH ! .a- J- t^OO ONr^NOf^O COO>ilf-«CM NOctVOC^CM SOe-SOUNC^ ■a-3-j3-W* J-lf\uSUN\r> CO rt rH C^jS- JUN\0\pt^ tN. r- ON NO tv. MaHpHrH 9Hr-4rHi-irH r-irHrHsHiH 5 £ ^ ^ III 111)1 III I I I I i ] ! II 1 Q O O UN U\\0 I UN I CT\t*v-%0 UN J" \i) I UN o O O cn ON SS e^ fi ir< r< r-l n-l rH rH o o o o o UNUNUNUNUN I I I I I v^ C^. UN>^ \0 CM CM O* - I I I I t^ CO CTN rH CM O (W c-^ rH c-fl UNUNUNUNUN til I I O CM U\rH t-1 ir\ ^ tM rH CM CM C^cKJ-A- j^ r^ i-i Ji /:> ^ Sk ft X) r^ r-i t-\ t-\ r\ t^ r* r^ r* r^ UNUNUNUNUN UNUNUNUNUN I I 8 I f I I I I I J-t-vt^OOO rHCMC^jJ-J- rt t-\ --K ft r* I-* on^Ononctn (Tn 0\ On cn on (DO c-18 K. ,. 0-1 -^ S :±st^jt. rg M w cv iTN^NCN ^ C»:. IN »N! CM OO oo f^CO J± CM CM CM CM *v,i^ i-^OO I iHi ^N ,^l^o^ B CM tH rt CM I •r^ ir\ c^ v\ x> ^ ^ .o c-^ (^ ^ (H p-l UMTS UMrMf\ 1 1 1 I I J3- J- t~v0O OS eH pH rH i^ ffH ^ P^ iM D-< (-1 UN U\ UN UMfN I 9 I I I o j^jar A \o CM CM CM CM CM CM «M SM «^. 5 I <^ iH rt ^ »^ CM UN UN UN UN UN D '^ ffNUN I ^CO t^ A ^ A % PNOO M CO CM CM CM « « J* J»- ) D • « B NO NO C^8M 'J^! B J- O B-) <^ (5^ C^ irK 1-* 1-K 2M CM C4 CVi -^ iTNUNUN UN UN t^COOO M CM Ji- UN^^CO ON CICMMCMCM CJCMCMCNCM CMCMCMCMCM CMCMCMC^J.-^ iH r-S iH iH lr^ •H tH rH (H ^^ iK f-l ,H s-4 Q u S * 1 rti in I K ol UN J± rtl J- UNOO CO ffN «^ © STV CM CM CM C^ CM B-1 f-l I M O OO ^ UN UNOO ON J-] o ON o MoJUN «-lrH(-«3 «Mi WCMCMCslCM UNUNITNUN UN I I I I I UNOO ON i-» CM 17-J » CN UNOO ON §g ^g >- tn c^ 5!S^ y ^§ UI =a ■C <■>* '^ ^^..jO Jt jt ^ ji- dr rcN ' UNUN NO VJ c-» *» O I rf UNUNUNlfNVfN p-»tHj-lf\ NOt^oOOO •^ ONOO f\\^ ON CO t^ O C\ ir>^ I ! "^ C»l O I CM c^ CN ON I C'N CN ^ J3 ^ ^ CM «< CM CM CM UNUNUNUNITN ' » J. _ , _0 OO "H 5-: 1-9 rf r-l CM O er\iM I CO ON O ^ A ^ J3 CM CM CM CM CM UNUNUNITNUN I I I I D r-t CM ONjJ- UN I ^ t^J*- J NO I J- t^ UN ir^ t-i l-t l-i t-l •HiMiH O CNOO;* OO I ON O IB- NO I J- f^UN JO X> J3 ja CM CM CM M CM UN UNUN UN ir\ CM CM CM CM CM UN UN UN UN UN CM J- J- ir\r-^ C»N«^C^i."3 CJ P O O OO UN^ J- UNjS- OO UNCO f^ O ^ CM CO C^. tN» UN UN J- UNir\ «i-t^ 1 ^ ^ CM P O CO ir\UNt?MfMf\ CM I ! C^ CN Cn CM g CN I WNcrj NO NO •-1 i-« rM r-f ~H (1119 SM C< CM CM CM ir\ ITMTN UN ir\ I I I I JL C^l F-t UNCO On C>i CM CM CM CM <>Nt-~. I •■* NO I P-S rH ^S ICMCMCMCM ■v^ CO rt tv I r^ rM CM iH I d rH i-l rM « J3 ^ X> CM CM CM CM CM UN ir\UNUNUN I I I I ! r-l CM PN J- ir\ rH i-l d rM (H I I I I I CM CM CM CM CM I 4 Z CQJ ^^ C-20 0-lOOCT\t*^C^ f^CgcHiHt^ C^iHiH^^OO ^ir\C^O\UN if\ J- ^ J- u> ir\ irwo sc \D ir\ irwo \o UN ifwo vo irwo f?^ irwfi \f> s-l NO CO CO CO CO I I I I I ►3 o K g3§^ § I I g I I O O O O iH ir\ xrwts \i\ ir\ IfWO '^0 O CM <7\ rH esl CS <<^ E- W ^ 1 5^ g =a. 1-1 1^ a •• IT eg « 2 pa f-1 la I c»>!»\ e^ eg eg CM iH ^ rH rH 1-1 iH rH irM/Mi> ir> u^ - - 111)* ■-I tr\o ir\co •-5 f-i oj CM eg o o o . ... eg CM eg AJ- J- tr\o liWO f^CO * o r^oo c\ o o o o « CM c'^ c^ c'\ c^ ir\ UN i/N ifN u^ vo J- o CM A eg e^ iH i JL ) I I r-l C'N J- VD t^ o o o o o c'^ e^ c^ c'^J s*\ ir\UMf\irM/N 1-1 ■-» UMf\ C^N I I i I 1 t^ CTSO O jH o o o o o I I I J. I so e^CM CO €*> I ) I I I O o o ir\cg i ir\o J- J- TJso tr\ >-3^:^ >^^\ fi x> Ji Ji XI CM eg w CM CM irviTv US iTi ir\ ■ till irM r^ e-i o c 11^ It _^ a i, i, +» * J 3 3 a o o 3 4i n X £ IcS g'S' l^t~^t^0O CO J-^^ J- J- 1 I I I ( UNlTNt^ UMTS (-1 iH (H rM cH I I I I I ONO i-g «r^J- OO CO CO ^\ ON I I I ! I CT\ CM (-* ^s ir\ eg \0 «0 rH J- UN ffN ^\ ffS 0\ ON 1 I I I 1 ir\ UN owo 1^ rH CM CM eg CM 1)111 VO t^OO <7\ O o o o o o UN LfNlTN LTvUS Jt t^ O.V) =J^.J^, ^ a !>, h h ^ (DO x> >» >, -p +» o * ja eu 4< si d -rf • « TJ Tl IC N (M ® 4> d <6 d e a c n 5 a 3 -<■<•? w w <« .o o t< t> C-21 UMTN iTl iri u> ^ i^ J- xt\ in o ir\i-« ost>« oi o c> pH e^ ph o o o o C> O iH tr\< I I I I I III c>j:f CM eg I I I t II irMTMrMriirs LrMr\UMrMr> irsinuMrMri irM/NUMrMTv CM OO UNUMTt O O I -• -• CM I I I I I c<^ •HOJCHCgCM CMWCM CM I D I g I 1 ' ' J. • ir\\£) t^co ON t- 3 w t- c E-. l-l »< ?- o J *s ^ w a o •a! y) w .. SiKt^S>S\ ON tM «H ITvOO t»v. ON CO OO CO ' "^ - OS NO D Oft -sS I « >^ Tr> UnTJm/s us 5-« CM ^6AA d i-t ^ i8ni&\8r\&NU\ UNinUNUN u\ J. ' J. ' ' C»N CM CO \0 J^ ?H CM p-i r^ >-t iH rH CN CN C»^ C'N CS C'S CS O^ I I I I I CP\CM C^N fH \0 l-tCP\ C^iHr-IOUS u\ us usjj- ^ u\^ UMr\ us us us us\^ us t^t^l^t^co CO CO ^^ ^s OS Jt ST ^ Jt ^ I t ■ I I us OS UNITS OS usjr>oop~» us\o us\o rv. US us ust^ us I I I I I > L I I CO OS O t-4 C<^ ji- "^ USSO OO C-22 t-4 CNJ Csl O CM T T 1- 9 ^ I I e I I I I I ) I I I I *?■ ^ m m in m ir> ir> in in I i s I J. CM oi CM m CM CM ^^ i-l CM I ! I I 1 r- 00 m ^o 'T ? f ^8 I I I I 1 I I i I I I C ! lO I ) ,-v I g I I I 1 I I I I I g I I i ; I i lO^Ol 0><7^00.— I (Hr-lt— 3r^r-l '^^ f'tininin ininininin II iitic iieti r^co OCMCM^—i inrHCvtco-^ CO CO CM II lilt: I I I I I IIOCD a>.-Cr^CMCM CMCOI^COC?) O I I i I ) I g I I I I I I I CO PO OO CO CO Q fO CO to CO CO a> S. E cJ,AJ!.ciJ!. m * >i A 1 1 7 t ■* in CO CO CM 1 *3-^ •o fH x: •O O r^ g I I I I •Q 73 T3 O O CM CM cr> CO CO in in in in in 1 J, 1 g g O lo ^ O CM CO CM CO iH I I g II I C51 O CO 'T ID g g I I g 1 g g I ) g g I g I CO CO CO CO CO in in in in in CO r^ cH in CO M s n 1- ■<» M * ■^r mm IT, m in I, (X +i V o c o o b O L, ^ cap <8 Q b. p] N Nl D> (□ id CD a> «: < < « C-23 o J (q (i, a § n E- M c r-l « I (o S ir> I I I I I I I i I I I I .Q O O O O CM cvj oj fo rj If) in in in in r-t ID ID ^^ ij CNJ I I I I I 00 O i-l fO CO h* O '^ rH tn oi r^ 1 lo in ^ r*. tn in in ■ o (O ^ CO o lO in^r-inin moi-i^co a> Oi f-l I r-l I I i o o o o c> r^ lo CM ro ■ ! ■ I I I I I i I rH ! i N ! I I I I I • •III fill t I I I I I I I • I I t I I I ■ ••I iiiii iiiii •till I I I I I f-i cvj ro m CNJ CO IIIII CO 'J ^ m r«. ^? r^ oi O •-• cvj r^ CO r- r^ CM O^ CT» O* O fH ^ T ^ in m ^ a» en (O CO CO CNJ r-i <£> p». Oi to CO in in If) in if> fH in 03 o ^ rH Csl CO CO CO 4 ' ' ^ ^ . CO O^ O ^ :? § ' ? IIIII ■ oi C7> en ■^ 'T 1 1 T IIIII m in in cTi CO in CD p iH CM ?j I I I I IIIII IIIII icocor^co intor^mcn oinr^coo) C7>0000 OrH(Hi-l*-l *Tinininin minminin IIIII IIIII inr^ocom ocMrHin* ' ' J. CM ro "T ■DOM I ^^ S o >> ^ w t, d 0) o t. K +> oJ , >>> 0-24 0> f** CO 03 CT> i^. o »-* a» a> o^ciy^tor-* u>*ciooTt CO '^ ^ r- *? t£)tO(£>oy3 i^r^ujioto ^oi^^oyjto toiom»oib *£> ^o (O ^ fH 1^ lf> U*) r^ I • i; i I litis I e I 1 I g I I I I I I I I i 1 i I i I I D I I I I g I lO I C 1 a? 03 CD CO A o ^ 4- a> o> en o V 'f f V in f-i r^ CO ^ th o o O IH f-l in m in IT) in I g I I I r^ rH <0 tn ^ rH HI »H o> m "sr ^ "3- ■>j- I I I I o* o> oi o> o^ •q- ^ «t «r ^r I I g g g in o? oi lo m C\J CJ OJ CM I I g g I 1^ CO 00 CT» O 3 w . J o •< +> •< W a C en «— ■ m ID ^ CO CM r~ r~ f- 1^ f~ r». 05 r^ r* I S I: |n ! ! in r- in 1 § i:^ { Tf I— ID <31 ^ 00 r^ lO <^ CO I I 1 ^ g I I g < g ; i ; i i CO i t '^ to ■^ in tO f-e « « • « o r- (^ r>. r*- CO ; I Its 8 S S ! M M c\j CO o> CO '«r ir> in in in in ^ ^ n in r^ O O O 0*0 o o o r I rH in <7» j) in u:) in r^ t^ t^ i~i i-t (Tj KD lO in in in in in ! E t 1 I a (-lOJCMinin r-iinmcoo> ;-H CM CO "^ OJ i-( l-fl in CM CO CO (75 1111 C.25 o y, 1= T m is U3 ^ CM ^ If ) ^ 00 00 CO ^ (H otoiDcoiO tDio^or^r* I I I I I nil! rH O CO rH rH 11(11 03 00 O rH CM I I g I CO I I ■ I I ! I I I I I I ir> CM 00 0> rH r-1 CM t I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I g I I CM r^ c^ to m ^ f-i IT) o r^ to r* in to to I I I I I I I I I I f^ ri f^ Pi r^ T ^ ■^ ■* 1 I I I I t to IT) in in 1^ I I I ■ I I I I i I to |~. 0> O iH iH I I « ! I CO "^ in en CM >-l CM > to CO in CM iH »H o o GO m to r^ I I I I I CTJ O) Ol O O ^ tT ^ in in I I I I I rH CO m CM to ; to o rH ^t Q CO TT I I I O I t I I I I I I • I I I I I I I O O O fH rH in in in in lo t I I 1 I f^ to to t?> CM in to in to lo to to to to to 1 I I g I g g I g I en CD o> CT> r* in CM I If) ^ CO -^ g CO in CO CO CO CO ( \ \ r*. rH in r^ to IT) m ID in LO ( I • I a tn 00 r^ ^ O O o o CO en CO I I I 1 I I I . r-i ft fi t-i r-1 CM CSJ I in IT) in Lf> I 8 I I 8 I r-4 tn CM in CO m r^ CM r-i CO -H CO -^ tn U3 p"^ 00 in in in in in I I I I I r^ r-4 in CO rH CM rH I S » t I a> 03 i-H "^ o rH to I cn CM in cr> I I 00 CO CO CO p CO CO CO CO to rH rH J> ti4 to ^ O -t^ o. Hi 3: o> >> a) ce 5 o rH ;, £ Is U 0} o +» i3 t3 (o o t. p ' ? li "S ; D, 3 c O Li 'H I a c^ a 0) N to n ■< < < •< C-26 ir> in "^ r*» liV mini/) in^o^^ ^^i^-Wf^ lOOJoor^cD ui'^irvcoc-c loinininio inir)tnu->tn intnminin ^ in 't ^ in in in ' I in -^ ""a" ^ t I g^ioi oiigt ciiSi olt 00 ] t I o 9 I-* tn I i CO ^ in r>. fv, fo. r^ r^ ^ W V -^r -^ I I I I to in in m in (-1 «-< r-t rH tH L B B I e tO r*» 00 o I I C D r*' CO in in O) .-* r-l r-l .-^ 00 ) 4 in «3 'S" ■^ oj oa oj C\J CVi 7-4 r-l iH 5^ I* p*.r*«aor*iD intooirtio in m m in in ininintntn tnininmin MSI tOGOoiin otntn- — — as ON CO OO i \^ t^ ir\eQ «-* o o CO eo irv tv, umtx 2*^0^ 'ff^c'^?'^<•\ =H. Jj- O O >-l UMTv CM cnM OJ J-^ Ct O O iH .-I iH CTN 0\ CT\ ^\ ^\ ^ Jt ■=•"■=»" •=»• r^ CM c^ rf OOOO CO ^\ ON ff\ 0\ 0\ ON ©\ CT\^ tf\ ON O I I I I ( -J . . . . <-l CO (f\\ o «^^ o o UN ir\ UN c^cn I J. I I I O C'MiN UN ON ff\ONUNUNUN UNUNjS-CNiH « «« C^J*' C^ C^C +> ■»< «H o a o o a ^ i ^ 5j sl o] o oi 5;^ ^ >H 80 MTJJ B' •hIo cmUo J. ^ B"^ JO it\p rtjj:^ i-i!]«->. rt'Jr- rHJO rHjO M c^E ^ j§ jj^ j^ ji tjrS jr4:f S]'^ «^|c ^ s z 1 o o b T S «a es CO o o. o t--o a t:! XI : uS IN \r) Cf\ +:» ^'^ Js rt A ci- i ' T-J s:^ >ri (d 3 H CO ITN J UN oolo >S*i ^k ir> r\ ^^4? §5 {-^ t^ 1 1 c 1 '»* 9! Sd 01 n iU a- » o O Q CC O J3 -O « Hi * »^ i-l rH ►a +» .-^ o. <« t £l«il « « T? S V -W T3 E O ^ • ^ ■4* t c C ^ ■rt S 1 irt ".' Q. -ri '^ § ? s: § ooo Q. ooo O, 3 :H 2 O t3 «ll St ^ J t ^^l^> r-l 5 rs Jn N M ^ d M D-3 s^ y^ -3^ \R >. ^ ^ ^ "iR 4 ■ ^ "^ 4> irf fHI i=t o a o o w 5i s! m ol ol I«»>, irf [lir\ |«< Itri ic O H|0 «^° '-•(O «^0 rHJC sU 1^ ^.-< ^^ u » « n +^ IT « •a cs ■v> V. c a « E- a r-i O & J- 1 g r-l O O. 5^ O Q. 1 «.. «= ! <> C Hi cu o s; o « > t» ■r< 4> o ^ » <« 1-1 «-i ai „ " '-il ^-^ »-l 1 (r\ o o{ ci> s. Q ^ a c ^ -t* CO 1 > •3 o-

      +» c o ■P ■»» ? i4 o o o« .0 ■-I 0.1 M Hi -H 3 B t« Q O X f, ., .. H « » 1-1 W «> T3 «> ^§5 O E- ■P C « 5 +> d b e-« ^R ^ -3: 00 ,^ 11^ :5l i Us ID< r-10U< i-iOO, ■^^ -"m 3 o u o oi s=^ u o «A R x lf> t-. CO CM >41 \0 CO X fv I-) u-^ r-l 5 •0 ■hJoo iH u^ f* .tv. IH UN IB • ■P d iH T3 (. X> -W t^ 00 LTN 3 rH 1 ceo 1 1 1 1 ■1 s 1 1 1 1 1 u c M 1 1 0) r-l d c « +> li n m a) S += § +> 2 4^ ra t/5 A ^ ft % k -0 0) Si n oi » t, b ■H T3 t~.u a CJ3 00 0. t^ C C U 0. iS ^ •) ■p »< tn >g e^t " >' 6-1 «> T^ fH r-l 0« o o o o a «^ 3 ca 5 w ca S ^ -a ^ o >> «> c gK g 3 e-.:^j3 ^ ■a; ^ OOll/S col o ?IS o S\ J^ 11^ I? '^ I-)|o 2fo 'J^jo 15^ l«rs loo la iw vopi sole aj;^ rHjCO r-ljC tH|0O >R & . • I {^ \R Cn *?! "^ "^l 'il "^ 'cl d ^J fHj OJ rtj ,-h| 5i ^eA Jojjr sir rHUO. 0OUO« OOu^ ^ 0) ^ op ■2:3 c C -P 1-4 ,i C § ^ 3 +» ^ ^ s ^ ll ® V -•^ .g A-s lis O 1 »H J3 B n 5 kti ^1 n i-S J o o tf\0 CI. 1 o o t o o (Ko o 11 f-4 0) CO o a. CO o fi< CO o o. Q. tN ^ <4 & ■k u\ ir\ 4f\ if\ d 1 CM -J> «J. i j> t i-i rt ^ ! r-1 iH •O as S.fe D-7 ^ ^<«. 1 iS M > .rt i^ Tl r^ <~t Si 2 S > a a £ ^ #. Sl KO Jif-9 JCQ lt>A liO OO c ifflco ■^i'^ oo] • voj o <^o-) c=CBP\ cnj^oo 3^^r^ irj^s^ ^ §> r;^ 4 4 4.H - • fe D C td 3 o to >- !> 4> 1 O C Bi 0- » a o .... .. •-t -p « «4 C «- f-l V. a .. « *?. '*,j^ i-i 1 «^ rt "O sa O B " "O 'v, 1-) 1 • -o <( W > .H g 4> iri c-< >H O O O O o O « .. S " m tSb g g »< e o rH •H ^ pH e ■H sH ^ Q. O b a> n ^ C/3 ^ ! 3 <^ :>: s o o •3 S (. 1 • • •• ^ i« o 'a 1 "vo' !-)•♦»&' M (b ir\ O a l§ §s !., t- c^ & ^ «|r~. egjvD cvsfxi bhJun iH(ir> i-)|c^ o ■»JCM 8rN^ J* iH e»4 o\ ON |0 sfSfirN |o olo JON ini»f> oolco cmItv. tvKo r^ilos f^*^ vol^ ^l*^ f-llPN COfi-l r-<19\ 0>|^ rHjcSS o8|.-l iH|cm 4^ HI'-' lo lp^ loo d'^ ssJo* ^"^ l5*lo «sl«^ i-ilcg vdIch \*I<^ .-1 VOl«^ C^l-l ir^CM M|rH t-«|c^ MO It^ tU\ ||v.O iHliH CO c^ OO lu\ |c^ Joo too l(r\ Io\ lo\ 1-t|vJ> i-t|\0 CMlr-l iS* du o •5^ tx ^ J- {^ s A ^1 6>B D-9 ge g e^ ^ +> 3 5 c la a) o U If •rS -f t^n. e vi e »< r-i ^ di M t/> " ^-^ «H 1 C^ oj -o 10 o a ■g feg-S g E- S C 0_ •O a fH 1 C Tl ^5^S| C Q O O O « .. S " 0« oj >^ 1 M t: S. -H CO t. 6 > Q o i! •< o a • f-1 O. (u Q> ^°i t/3 a -a o |§| ■>> c 2 +> l§ gtf s. t- o| o| rHl ION » J I 9 INllO |{r\ ION CO o 3 O O rS i| i i i i sr? si i 'h IS ^l; •H O I ■^H ir*o Q, CO o ^ CO o o* coo fx o ^ Jn t-t» >> ■ri ■»» ttn. • .H • «- f-< 4-1 d w (n ^^ »-( 1 PA d xi n o e ■»» t «) o a o B e <6 a e- ai c o ^-^ " *■ 45 « •-< 1 g -D ^3^;:3g o a o o o, ^ . **?... m h C PN e O »< Ss c r'. o ^ rt 9 " " ■H s 1 rt " s. ^ ^ c ^ •t" iH bl g 1 5" 1^ • c o X 5 a r> 4« o C o a> 3 ^» ■H •p g t>« o >-l I) ^ C 2 ^ « o 5. »* O o ^ -OO H a u\ .. ?. .. !! .. o S*^, St, > o a S ■< __ ^_ c » O p-( O.V, Q. ^^ i (.0 e -Q • O E- ■S^ c o +> ^3- SG c e< 5 3 IK ^ "I J^ !^ [? IP rtjC? ^jo ^|d rtjo -^1 I ^j •^i d '^l ^! I «^ cm| c^ i-il o| 5t i i 2| si si 5) ^B l» €1; rH| o! . g{ .^ iirs ICM lu «N • oKo ux OlOJ ^J -o rf-lU vo|i-i cMlirs ^1- Ml . cv] « a 3 (. § s s « ^ p-^ JS T s|S ^• iSli ?!5 IHJUA rH O D. t~. O O. PA J3 CA ITA^ IT. r-1 fc, iH °P.5 t, o iS" £ o t; 3 Gj o D-13 € s o Tt "S ^ i A A ■3^ -ffv Us J3 irv Jv 3" o VO !» iH +» f~* at jH D-li+ Kg E- I- 2S o = ♦> g a IS "S s J- t-< y iH f-l r-1 5 M R tf\ c^ -3k ITS lis uS ir\ irv ir\ t3^ \o t^ J ir\ yo A- 1^ if D-15 f I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o M Eh W ^^ § g & o a J} ^ ^ <>4 er\ •o • ir\ it\ t; a^ ^ A 4- o £-• A in r-( J^ irs ■?» 'v\ A ^ J ij\ US ir> *!. J. Jn J-. -i I o D-16 A J M t- ^ l-H +> t/5 J C 5 S 1^ ^^ si eg rH CM fH ^ ir\ iri ^ \^ {f\ tr\ iR i » ^ ^ CA vo t>- J- ir\ vp J rH iH •-< iH ^ iH 4 S I § O w «-■ >> ■H D " 8 n X) r-l C4 O •-4 (-4 •J w w D-17 5 € • O O O o o o o o o o •HO O O CT\ o o o o o g -s o o o o o o o o o W r-i O O o o o o o o o t, o o o o o o o o o o o t-v « ^ M O O O O l-t rH oooooooo O O O CM O I . . O . « . I o o o o o o o o o o o o 1-1 o o o o o C>1 OO t^ to r-1 t«^ f«- ao IfN tf\ U> ii\ \o A iH CM rH g^ ts D-18 ! gg "K :3 § 3 o IS o o o o o o o o o o o d o OHtboOOOM oooooooo & s c5 c5 o o o tr^ r4 r^ O M o o o o o o o cH O O fHO OO r-l iHOO.C^eO oooooooooooo ^ ON *l O W tH Tr> r-l rH iH S ts »f\ CJ iH us !?» :r ■Tr\ •Sv ^ UN )f. ^ "t^ •fe S ■S> 4 ,!, .1 4 .i 1 ^ 4 'b ^ ^ i iH Jn <( Jn iH 1 •^. Jn Ji. ^ ^ Jn A § s 1^ c o • ■n 9 U W +> IS D-19 Is B % a • <& o b ^' 1 ^ at z lg r • S« US| rH O O O w > • tJ fH © ■H XI » _ i-i a,^ o. o n o > 3 W W tJ •S-3 „ §3 g coo 5 "^ OT « l-t III •H I-I iH +» o e +> w • w ^1 iH +> $:s 2g O w o & H r^ O. cS i u • * •§ o CM a • a u^D3 -e CD " g " " fe-^ *<:i- ■H S ■3^ o " •• " •• « S.fc< a ^°§ w •H B •) -H a E" •H c O 4» ^§ d M O (X, t. E- rt CM ^ ^ ^ f5 55- 51 *^ ^^ « R S § &8 J3 a oo o coo CX3 O •-« O rH ci "^ ^^ 8 a, D-20 dfl 11^ ■f> o B O .H O ex 5I i il 3 ^ ■3^ I2 Is is Is Is Is I 5a. J3Q. xa. £0. {^ is ■H +» iH ' 2 1 CM O CfN CM tj eg S j:: Q. A i •3; J3 a J3 o. D-21 ^ 6 4 c bo Q « <& o (. +> ^ l« z .H C B p B a .... • ^ n ■H na •H O Q O (/] > • -o r-l O ■H -O « _ r-t a (H O ,000 > 3 OT W •0 « n •0 TJ 6 C -H V rH a. g " w « rH ■s-s^ • .H ^ •-< i-t r^ +> E +> W (/I ^g --^ -rl •^ •t' „ •^ « CD S +> TJ s. H M • 3 » ^ ■S CM a ir\CQ +i i^ «h\ Ti Z ■5^ • • H o>«< ^°§ vt •!« •pla aiifi qF •g S -^ 15§ » rH t. 0. E-" \R ^ ?fN 3n39 3n 35 3n 00 00 00 00 00 J30. Xa J30. £0. AO, tf> St ^ 3 rH 4 i rH O ^ 8 S § O P* OP* •fig -c a § S o o jS o. 18 rH O rH O Im "i. O Q. ^ ^1: &- J +> 3 :5 i> §g. c cc a. L. K O o u ■f «) z ■H B B O O. r a :i^ le;5S fH o a o w > ;;^ »H -O « +» c -a s s) • 3 w t/I X) o a •O "O „ gs g O. o o a (/} 3 W « iH ^^^ •> -H-V rH r-l rH +» O S 4> W (/] ^§ -o t. Q. O -H O Q. E-i iH Q, ^% w • rH 13 n B T< c oi a O 3 O D, A « o >>Q o d c o g ^O CM S mm -p c S fe-S fc-< -1 z -i^ o « • 1-1 w «> o +> 6 •) 'H O f ■f II gs (4 e> ?^ {^ ^ t ^8 ^S ^S ^8 &8 S 5 a. £s jcs xs j:b ■3k J- ■^r^ t^ ^ ^ -b. Jn 1 4 J^ iH iK >.3 I IS D-23 :15 +» -rl g! O W ^ • 0.5-1 3.S S j3- CO \o J- ^ ^ '^^ ^ p^ «-i tfv « T3 O S8 .^ A A 5 o * A A c^ ^ § 4 -^ •H 1-1 D-24 S5 o o >.'0 -§1 § 5 3 a *5 1 C B vi) vo J- «^ ON UN CM 00 ir\ " g rt 1 DS t-i ri. Jt A CN tv. • & ■H u o ^ d Tl 2 §1 ir\ ir\ M c<^ *v t^ C^ rM UN r-l • -o •-I • tH XI «0 ^ art a 1 1 ^ tf\ CM CM CM ?t ■a J- >^ 1 1 (23.? w ■s . •o -o _ 1^1 ■ffv ON M ^ 00 in s UN 5^ J- so ON gto CO • rH ^ •> !S<^ , J»- J* ir\ cr> jT J*- "U •M MN 1 -H r-t \ 1 1 IT i-i c5 d ^1 iH ♦» 452 g o ^ o o I tv CO 00 ^ r-l 00 ^ ir\ NO ^ ^ 00 UN CM E-« iH D. CM r-t •-K fH rt r-< rM r^ W S U , rssi CM V\ CO M ir\ C^ rf C^ «v VO .a- ! * bo<^ „ i. •O O CM 5. t^ lf\ «^ m if\ UN f:; *M lA r^ M e^ CM *i so CiN ON t*. CM ■) a CX ■H • " r-l • x> « * SI (. e ^ c^ CM 8 £ 5 fc d MJ J* VO in 8 o s eg CM jS- $ *-• ^ •^ •^ «k V, c •H SS M tv« t^ Jt CM c^ M oS t~^ \£ J9- tv. P P o 1 z +> +» t. (« 1 1 5 . r? ■♦» +> *> +> ■*» 4» 4* +» ■p •♦» ■p p a b p. ^ o 1 8 1 8 1 8 i 8 1 8 1 8 § 8 1 v4 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 % S • c p • w Si s- J= 0. X 0. JO, a- X s- Si 0. £ Q. j3 0, ja 0. X 0. J3 0. 4 SP 1 i 1 9 1 i ^J .^ a 1 i i a ^ i A- i A i 4 1 •f u iH iH rH fM CM CM u «M u tj CO t> - li ;5 gS 51 g % 4 « ■3; ri * -R l/\ * * t?. 1?. 4 S E 1 4: -rt ill 4 ^ r-l J .( 1 >3 r-l I Jn 1 i 1 UN H ir> ?! is 1 1 i 1 ITN ^ iK 1 r-l Jn A iH rt r-l rM p^ >. > T) •••«•••• ■p ^sf 'h • j: d S , ■0 p to BU O 42 1 i dog i^ g & u «-i A 9 ^ d A ^ t . >>ao „ :55 3:^ iTtta >> is w t. 3S ^•a VI ■^^ •rt Z •3S^ o 1^' «^ "Sn ^ »^ m ^ » n u s h js E x a rH o CO O r-4 O 4> r-l ■3; !k ^ ^ ^ J 5 ^ Si! D-26 APPENDIX E CROSS INDEX State Well Number to Ventura County Well Nvunber APPENDIX E CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER* mTER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY State well ; State well s number : Ventura County t well number ; number s Ventura County S.B.B.&Mc : S,B.B,&M. s well number* 1S/21W- 5H1 ll-X-13 1N/19W- 7K5 17-U-16 8H1 11-X- 1 7K6 I7-U-I8 1S/22W- IBI lO-X-13 7K7 I7-U-I9 1N/19W- 101 10-X- 1 7K8 17-U-$U 2B1 l9-U-3^ 7K9 I7-U-U2 2C1 19-U-33 7K10 - 17-U-lli 2LL 19-U- 1 7K11 17-U~ 2 2N1 19-U- 2 7K12 17-U»22 2R1 19-U-32 7K13 I7-U-23 3F1 18-U-80 7Kli4 17-U-12 3L1 18-U-81 7L1 17-U-2ii 3M1 18-U-79 7L2 I7-U-I7 3N1 18-U-82 7L3 17-U-39 ULl 18-T-12 7Ii; I7-U-2O Upi 18-U-78 7M1 I6-U-15 5B1 17-U-.38 7M2 16=U.53 5U 17-U-i;l 7P1 I7-V-I3 5mi 17-U-35 7Q1 17-U-21 5ni 17-U-3U 7Q2 17~U=27 5P1 17-U-32 7Q3 17-U-26 5P2 17-U-33 7QU I7-U-52 6m1 17-U-UO 7R1 17-U- 6 6M2 16-U-55 7R2 17-U- 7 6qi 17-U-^6 7R3 17-U-U8 7 CI 17-U-29 7RU 17-U- 8 7C2 17-U-28 7R5 17-V- 2 7D1 I6-U-I3 8ci 17-U-53 7E1 l6-u-ii9 8f1 17-U-ii6 7E2 16-u-lli 8g1 17-U-U3 7F1 17-U-25 8G2 17-U-ii5 7J2 17-U-51 8g3 17-U-36 7J3 17 -U- i; 8gU 17-U-37 7JU 17-U-lO 8g5 17-U^Ui 7J5 17 -U- 3 8j1 17-U-30 7J6 17 -U- 5 8J2 17-U-31 7J7 17-U-ll 8J3 17-U-55 7K1 17-U-15 8K1 17-U~50 7K2 17-U-U9 8l1 17-U-U7 7K3 17-U-I3 9B1 18-u- k 7KU 17-U- 1 9G1 18-U-77 ■^FroFi state Division of Water Resources Bulletin U6, "Ventura Coiinty Investigation" . E-1 CROSS INDEX STATE VJELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATd]R QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well t i State well s number i Ventura County ; i number t Vent'ora County S.B.B,&M. : well nuraber ; t S.B.Bo'ScM. % x^ell number m/lW- 9G2 IS-U- 5 1N/19W-10L3 l8-U-.3h 9G3 18-U-85 lOlii 18-U-U9 9Gk 18.U-81; 1015 I8-U-I.5 9G5 18-U- 7 IQMl 18-U-28A 9H1 18-U-2S 1QM2 18-U«29 9H2 18-U- 3 1QM3 18-U-31 9H3 18 -J- 2 IQMli I8-U-32 9Hu 18-U-l 1QI6 I8-U-36 9H5 18-U-86 10M6 18-U-37 9H6 18-U- 6 lONl 18-U-35 9J1 18-U-13 10N2 I8-U-38 9K2 18-Tj- 8 10N3 18-U-39 9K3 18=U- 9 imk I8-U-U2 9Kli 18-U-lO 1QN5 18-U-56 9K5 18-u-ll 1QN6 18-v- 1 9K6 18-U-83 1QN7 18-V~ 8 9K7 18-.U-"12 10N8 I8-U-89 9Q1 18=TJ-Iu 10P2 18.U-51'. 9Q2 18-U-15 10P3 I8»u=k0 9Q3 18-U-16 iopU 18-U-U3 9Qli 18-U-17 10P5 l8-u-i.6 905 18-TJ-18 10P6 18-U-58 9R1 18-U-.22 10P7 18-u-UU 9RU 18-U-21 10P8 18-U~52 9R5 18-U-2U 10P9 18-U-53 9R6 18-U-23 lOPlO 18-U-.U7 lOEl 18-U-25 lOPll I8-U-50 10E2 18-U-27 10P12 18->U~U8 lOFl l8»U-26 10P13 i8«u-!a lOGl 18-11-61 lOPll; 18-U-51 10G2 18-U=60 1CP15 18-U-57 lOHl 18-U-59 lOQl 18-U-55 10H2 18-U-62 10Q2 18-U-68 lOJl 18-U-63 10Q3 I8-U-69 10J2 18-U-65 IOQU 18-U-71 10J3 18-U-6U 10Q5 18-U=70 lOKl 13-U-66 10(^ 18-U-7U 10K2 18-U-67 10Q7 18-U-75 lOLl 18-U-30 10Q8 I8-U-76 10L2 18-U-33 10Q9 18-v- 2 E-2 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well ! : State well : ntunber ; ! Ventura County ; ', number : ; Ventura County- S.B.B„&M« : ! well nymber '. 3»B.B.&M, ; well number 1N/19W-10R1 l8=U-72 IN/19W-12Q1 I9-U-35 10R2 18-U-73 13B1 I9-V-9I lORli 18-V- h II4AI I9-V-23 10R5 IB-V- 3 lilA2 I9-V-2U 10R6 18-V. 5 ll;A3 I9-V-25 llCl 19-U- 3 liiAU 19-V- 28 llEl 19-U- U IMS I9-V-29 11E2 19-U- 5 iJiBl 19-V- 6 11E3 19-U- 6 ll|R2 19-V- 22 IIFJi 19-U- 7 II33 19-V- 21 M?$ 19-U= 8 lUBU 19-V-lU llMl 19-U- 9 1UB5 19-V-20 11M2 19-U-lO lliB6 I9-V-32 11M3 19-U-12 1UB7 19-V-37 iwh 19-U-13 lllBS I9-V-3O 11145 19-U-lii 1UB9 19-V-39 11M6 19-U-ll liiBlO 19-V-38 UNI 19-'U-1$ ihci 19-V-19 11N2 19-U-16 1UC2 I9-V-31 11N3 19-U-17 lltC3 19-V-86 iinU 19-U-19 lUCii 19-V-33 11N5 19=U-20 2hC$ 19-V-18 11U6 19-U-18 liiC6 19-V-87 11N7 19=U- 3 V\m I9-V-I3 11N8 19-U-31 1)|T)2 19-V-12 11N9 19-V- 2 li4D3 19-V-ll IINIO 19-U-30 lliDli 19-V-16 llPl 19-U=21 liiD5 19-V- 1 11P2 19-U- 2 2 T)|T)6 19-V- 9 11P3 19-U-23 li4D7 19-V-lO llPU 19-U-28 l)lD8 19-V-15 11P5 19-U-2U li;D9 I9-V-I7 11P6 19-U- 2$ U4FI 19-V-35 IIP? 19-U- 2 9 lliGl 19-V-3U 1IP8 19-V- h 1UG2 , 19-V-36 11P9 19-V- 8 1UG3 19-V-li3 llQl 19-U- 26 lllGU 19-V-U5 11Q2 19-U-27 liiG5 19-V-liO 11Q3 19-V- 5 1Ug6 19-V-Ul llRl 19-V- 7 lliG7 19-V-U2 E-3 CROSS INDEX STATE i«JELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY "WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND MATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well s s State well % mimber % Ventura County s numbei' Ventura County S.BoB.&M. i well number t S«B.B,&M, i well number lN/'l9W-lliG8 19=V=U6 1N/19W-15B1 18-V= 7 1UG9 19=V=-ii7 15E1 IS-V'-IO iUGlO 19=V-Uii 16J1 18-V= 9 lUHl 19=V=79 18A1 17=7-59 U4H2 19=V-27 18A2 17-=V-U9 lliH3 19=V„26 18A3 17=V-li8 lUJl 19-V-U8 18aU 17-=V=31 litJ2 19=-V=ii9 18a5 17-7-30 1UJ3 19=V-50 18a6 17-V-29 iUjU i9=V-5U 18A7 17-V-5U liiJ^ 19=V-^55 18B1 17.7=22 lhJ6 19-V-6I 18B2 17-V- 7 lliJ7 19-V-56 18B3 17-V- 6 1UJ8 19-V=57 18bU 17-V- $ 2hJ9 19.7=58 18B5 17-V- h lilJlO 19=V-71 18b6 17-V- 3 lliJll 19=V-80 18B7 17-V- 23 lllKl 19=V-53 18b8 17-V-ll 1UK2 19-V-52 18B9 17.7-55 1UK3 19=V=5l 18B10 17-V-12 lUKU 19=V=90 18B11 17.7-25 1 )|T.1 19-V=7U 18B12 17-V-2U li;L2 19-V-75 I8BI3 17-V- 8 II4MI 19=V»76 18R1)| 17-V-26 li^Nl 19-V.77 18B15 17-V-27 l]lN2 19-V-78 18C1 17-V- 9 lliQl 19-V-73 18C2 17-V-lO li4Q2 19-V-72 18C3 17-V- 20 li^2 19-V-69 18CU 17.7-15 iim3 19-7-68 I8C.5 17-V-lii 11;RU I9-V-67 18F1 17-V-I8 liiR5 19-V-65 18F2 17.7-17 liiR6 19-V-60 18f3 I7-V-I6 II4R7 19_7-70 18G1 17-V-19 liiR8 19=V.59 18G2 17-V- 21 lliR9 19-V-62 18g3 17-V- 28 lliRlO 19=7-63 18gU I7-V-35 lIlRll 19=V-6U 18g5 17-V-39 liiR12 19-V-66 18g6 I7-V-38 15A1 18-V- 6 18H1 17-V-53 E-U CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTUEA COUNTY- (continued) State well s s State well s number t Ventura County- s number ° Ventura County- S.B.B,&M, i well number s S,B,B,&M, s well number 1N/19W-18H2 n-M-hh IN/I9W-2I4N2 19-W-2 18H3 17-V-ii6 2UPI 19-W-l 18hU 17-V-50 2^F1 19=W-B 18H5 17=v-5l 26CI 19-W-ii 18h6 17-V-U5 28AI 18-W=1; 18H7 17-V-.U3 28G1 18-W=2 18h8 17-V-U7 28H1 18^W=3 18H9 17-V-32 280. l8=W-5 18H10 17-V-3U 28L1 18=W=6 18H11 17=V-33 28L2 I8-W-7 18H12 17=V-U1 28L3 i8=.W-8 18H13 17~V-36 28LU l8=¥-9 18H1U 17-V-37 28L5 I8=lfg:=12 18H15 17-V-'U0 28L6 18-W-lA 18H16 17-V-52 28MI 18-w-l 18J1 17-V=.U2 28PI 18-w-lO 18J2 17-V-57 28P2 18-w-ll 18J3 17-V-58 28P3 I8-W-13 19E1 16-V-9 29C1 17=¥-6 19E2 17=V=60 29C2 17-W-7 19F1 17-V-6I 29C3 17=W-8 19F2 17-V-72 29CU 17-W-9 19J1 17-V-6U 29D1 17 -¥-5 19K1 17-V-.63 29D2 17-W=11 1911 17-V-62 29D3 17 -¥-10 19M1 16-V-12 29Di; 17-W-E 19N1 16-V-7 29E1 17-*'13 19R1 17-W-l 29E2 17-W-2U 20C1 17-V-69 29E3 17-W-23 20D1 17-V-68 29EU 17-W.22 20E1 17=V-66 29G1 17-W-lU 20E2 17-V-67 29G2 17-W-21 20E3 17-V-.65 29G3 17-W-20 20N1 17-V-70 29Gli 17-W-15 23EL 19-V-8U 29H1 17-W-17 23Q1 19-V-85 29H2 I7-W-I6 2UA1 19-V-81 29H3 17='W-18 2I4MI 19-V-82 29Hli 17-W-19 2J4M2 19-V-83 3OAI 17-W-U 2I4MI i9-W-3 30A2 17-W-2 E-$ CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALirf PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well s s state well 2 number t ; Ventura County s number s Ventura County S.B.B,&M. s ; well number ; S.B,3,&M. % well number 1N/19W-30C1 17-W-25 1N/20W-7E1 I3-U-I8 30D1 16-V.fe9 llAl 16=.U=33 30F1 17 -¥"26 11A2 16-U-32 3072 17-VJ-C 11A3 I6-U-3I 30F3 17-W-R llCl l6->U-uii 30H1 17-¥-3 11C2 l6-u-$ 30H2 17-W-12 11C3 16-U-6 1N/20W-1L1 16-U-52 HDl 16-U-1;5 IRI 16-U-51 11D2 l6-U-i;6 2P1 16--J"^3 11D3 15-U-3 3B1 15-U-9 lljl 16-U-7 3D1 i^-u™? 11J2 I6-U-38 3J1 15-U-2 llLl 16-U-2 3J2 15-u-i 11L2 l6=U-u 3K1 15-u-U liL3 16-U-l ItCl 15-U-6 ilLU 16-U-3 UC2 15-U-8 llNl 16-U-30 llDl 15-U-5 llQl l6--j->29 i;D2 l^-U-lO 12B1 16-U-18 )|K1 iU-u-15 12B2 16-U-3U 5ci I4-U-12 12B3 l6-U-ii2 5D1 iU-u-8 12BU 16-.U-19 5K1 ii;-u-i6 12B$ I6-U-50 6a1 iii-u=3 12D1 16-U-39 6a2 iii-u-10 12D2 I6-U-36 6b1 iU-u-11 12D3 16-U=U1 6b2 ll;-U-l 12E1 16-U-5 6b3 II4-U-7 12E2 16-TJ-lO 6C1 lU-U-2 12E3 16-U-8 6h1 lii-U-ii l?R)l I6-U-U8 6j1 lU-TJ-^ 12F1 3.6-U-20A 6J2 Iii-D-18 12F2 16-U-20 6J3 lU-u-17 12F3 16-U-35 6Q1 lii-U-23 12FU 16-U-37 6r1 lii-U-19 12F5 16-U-ll 6R2 lU-U-6 12G1 16-U~12 6R3 lU-U-20 12G2 16-u-UO 7A1 m-U-21 12H1 I6-U-17 7C1 l4-U-lli 12K1 16-U=>21 7D1 lll-U-13 12K2 16-U-22 E-^ CROSS INDEX STATE I^LL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NWffiER mTER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well t J state well ; • number ; Ventura County ; number i Ventura County S.B.Bc&M, well number i S.B.B»&M. s well number 1N/20W-12L1 16-U-27 1N/20W-22K1 15"V~16 12L2 16-U-28 22Q1 15-V-17 12L3 16-'J"28a 23C1 16-V-18 12L1; 16-U-26 23C2 16-V-5 12N1 16-U-U7 23D1 16-V-19 12N2 16-U-25 23D2 16-V-6 12N3 16-U-2U 23D3 16-V-U 12P1 16-U~23 23F1 16-V-17 12R1 16.U-16 23F2 16-V-16 13E1 16-V-l 2UB1 16-V=15 lllBl 16-V-2 2UB2 16.V-11; 1UB2 16-V-3 2UH1 16-V-8 l^El 15-V-12 2i{H2 16-V-13 15F1 15-V-13 2iiQl 16-V-ll 15 Jl l5-V-'2 2UR1 16-.V-10 15 J2 15-V-l 25ai 16-W-7 15J3 15-V-2U 2572 l6=w-6 15 Rl 15-V-20 25 Bl 16-W-5 15R2 15-V-21 25B2 16-w-U 16a1 15-v-io 25B3 16-W-8 16b1 15-V-9 25ci 16-W-2 16C1 15-V-8 25C2 16-W-l I6?l 15-V-7 .25C3 16-W-lO 16H1 15-v-ii 25cU 16-W-ll 16M1 15-V-6 25D1 16-W-13 16N1 i5-v»U 25m I6.i^i)i 16P1 15-V-5 25E2 16-W-15 17G1 iU-v-6 25F1 16-W-12 17K1 lU-V-A 25H1 16-1^3 19E1 lii-V-l 1N/21W-1A1 13-U-28 19F1 lli-V"2 1A2 13-U-U8 19G1 lii-V-3 IKL 13-U=9 19G2 lii-V-ii 1B2 13-U-32 20C1 iU-v-5 1B3 13-U-3U 21F1 15-V-3 Id 13-U-.33 21.J1 15-V-15 ITIT 13-U-I6 22A1 15-V-22 1D2 13-U-23 22A2 15-V-18 1D3 13-U-35 22A3 15-V-23 IKl 13-U-i4i 22E1 15-v-iii IFl 13-U-37 E-7 CROSS INDEX STATE IaIELL NUMBER TO VENTURA CDUNTY "^/ELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND MiVTER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well : t State well : number ; ! Ventura County % number s Ventura County- S.B.B.&Mo ; ; well number s S.B.B,&Mo s well n\Briber 1N/21W-1F2 13-U-36 IK/2IW-6JI ll-U-17 ML 13-u=U5 6J2 ll-U-lU IPX 13-U-U9 6J3 11-U-liiA IRI 13-U-7 6IJL ll-U-22 1R2 13-U-6 6P1 ll-U-3 2H1 13-U-31 6ri ll-U-27 2H2 13-U-ll 6r2 ll-U-28 2ri3 13-U-k2 6r3 11-U-27A 2J1 13-U-12 7A1 ll-U-21 ?K1 13-U-15 7H1 ll-U-6 2P1 13-U-26 7H2 11-.U-12 2Q1 13-U-2 7H3 ll-U-38 3A1 12-U-7 7J1 11-U=11 3B1 12-U-9 7P1 ll-U-29 3C1 12-U-U 7R1 ll-U-25 3C2 12=U-3 8d1 11-U-l 3L1 12-U-13 8D2 Il-U^IA 3P1 12-.U-1 iiAl 12-U-8 8n1 ll-U-26 Udi ll-U-16 9C1 12»U-1$ I4D2 ll=u-=32 9C2 12-u-m UD3 ll-u=33 9D1 ii-u-36 Uji 12-U-12 9M1 ii-u-13 m. ll=U-2 9M2 ii-u-37 14M2 12-U-lO 9R1 12-V-16 i4Nl ll-u-35 lOBl 12-u-ii Upi 12-U-5 lOCl 12-U-6 5A1 li-T-31 IQFl 12-U-2 5ci ll-U-30 llBl 13-U-5 5G1 II-U-.3I 11B2 13-U-50 5H1 11-U=2U llCl I3-U-U6 5H2 11-U-9A IIDI I3-U-I7 5H3 ll-U-9 llGl I3-U-2I 5J1 11-U-3U 11G2 13-U-U 5K1 ll-u-23 llJl I3-U-8 5P1 ll-U-20 llRl 13-U-lO 6a1 11-U-.19 11R2 I3-U-2O 6ci ll-U-5 12B1 I3-U-22 6C2 11-U-U 12B2 I3-U-39 6H1 ll-U-18 12C1 13-U-U3 E-f CROSS INDEX STATS WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well s ; State well ; number s Ventura County % number t Ventura County- 3.B.B.&M. ; well number t S„B<.B,&M„ i well number 1N/21W-12C2 I3.U-I4O IN/2IW-I8BI ll-V-19 12E1 13-U-2ii 18F1 ll-V-9 12E2 13-U=30 I8GI 11-V-9A 12E3 I3-U-29 18L1 11-V=15 12F1 13-U=Ul 18L2 n-v-i 12F2 13-U-U7 19A1 ll-V-7 12F3 13-.U=13 19A2 11-V-lli 12G1 13-U-l 19B1 ii-v-UU 12G2 13-U-.38 19B2 11=V-U7 12H1 13-U-19 19C1 11=V-11 12M1 13-U-2$ 19J1 ll-V-2 9 12R1 I3-V-.I6 19K1 11-V-U2 liiAl 13-V-l 19K2 11-v-ia II4A2 13-V-3A 19K3 11-v-Uo ihBl 13-V-9 19Ki; ll-V-5 lUCl I3-V-8 19L1 11-V-U6 li^Fl 13-V-9A 19L2 ll-v-25 lUHl 13-V=1A 19N1 11-V-20 11; Jl 13-V-2 19P1 ll-v-30 15C1 12-V-3 19R1 ii-w-n l^Hl 12-V-13 20C1 ll-V-3 15J1 12-V-12 20C2 11-v-U 1$L1 I2-V-I5 20C3 ll-V-12 15P1 12-V--8 20CU ll-v-28 15Q1 12-V-7A 20D1 ll-v-27 15Q2 12-V-7 20K1 ll-v-38 16A1 12-V-2 20P1 ll-V-39 16a3 12-V-2A 20M1 11-V-39A I6EI ll-V~3ll 20N1 11-V-lO I6MI 12-V-U 20N2 ll-W-22 16M2 ll-V-33 20N3 ll-W-23 16P1 I2-V-I7 20NU ll-W-16 17 Bl ll-V-8 20P1 ll-V-39 17 CI 11-V-2U 20P2 11-W-lli 17D1 ll-V-37 20Q1 ll-V-31 17E1 ll-V-17 20R1 ll-V-32 17H1 ll-V-13 21D1 11-V-U8 17Q1 ll-V-21 2ID2 ll-V-6 18A1 ll-V-2 21K1 12-V-lbA 18A2 11-V-U3 21N1 11-W-3U E-9 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well s ; State well i number s Ventura County- t number ; Ventura County S.B.B.&M. ; well mmber : S.B.B,&M. '. well number 1N/21W-22B1 12-V-ll IN/2IW.3OCI ll-W-37 22E1 12-V-li; 30C2 II-.W-25 22H1 12-V=1 3ODI ll-W-29 22K1 12=V-10 3OFI 11-.W=1 23A1 13-v-lo 30F2 ll-W-T 23E1 13-v-ii 31A2 ll-W-28 2UB1 13-V=6 3U3 ll-W-26 2UC1 13-V-7 3LJ"1 11-W-21A 2UC2 13-V=12 31L1 ll-W-21 2liEl 13-V-ll 32G1 ll-w-35 2kFl 13-V-13 32K1 11=1^36 2UF2 13-V-15 33E1 12--W-.ll 2UL1 13-V-lit 3311 12-'W=3 2$G1 13-W-5 33P1 12-W-5 25L1 13-¥-i; 3iiAl 12»l*-7 26J1 13-W-3 1N/22W-1A1 lO-U-18 26K1 13-W-l ICl IO-.T-.3I 26K2 13-W-2 IDl IO-T-3O 27F1 12-W-2 IFl 10-U=23 27H1 12->J»9 IHl 10-U-l 27H2 12-W.lO IMl lO-U-16 28G1 12-W-12 IPX lO-U-17 28F1 12-¥=8 1P2 lO-U-7 28F2 12-W-l 2A1 10=T"11 28G1 12-W=lii 2A2 lO-T-21 28G2 12-W-6 2D1 IO-T-2U 28H1 12-W-13 2D2 10-T-lO 28N1 12-W-15 2D3 IO-U-2I; 29A1 ll-W-31 2E1 io-u-5 29B2 ll-¥-33 26:2 lO-U-25 29B3 ll-W-38 2G1 lO-U-15 29BU ll-W-32 ?K1, lO-U-31 29D1 ll-W-8 2K2 lO-U-28 29D2 11-W-lO 2K3 10-U-U 29G1 ll-"Wt,2li 2M1 lO-U-6 29K1 ll-¥-6 2N1 lO-U-26 29R1 11-W-9A 2P1 lO-U-9 29R2 ll-W-15 3A1 lO-T-17 29R3 ll-W-9 3C1 9-U-19 30A1 ll-W-17 3F1 9-U-.6U E-10 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well t State well number Ventura County s number i Ventura County S.B.B«&M. well number s S.B,B,&M. well number 1N/22W-3F2 9-U-63 1N/22W-Ud$ 5-U-l|7D 3F3 9-U-17 U)6 9-U-$6 3FU 9-U-9 UD7 9-U-U7C 3.JI 9-U-18 i4D8 9-U--U7B 3J2 9-U-67 UB9 9-U-U7A 3K1 9-U=l6 Udio 9-U-U7 3K2 9-U-37 hFl 9-U-l 3K3 9-U-6A UF2 9-U-U5 3Kii 9-U-6 iiMl 8»U"15 3K5 9-U-UO hNl 9-U-26 3K6 9-u-ia UPl 9-U-Ul; 3K7 9-U=52 5A1 8-U-3U 3K8 9-'U-3 5A2 8-U-32 3K9 9-U-35 5a3 8-U-20 3K10 9-U-5 5B1 8-T-5 3K11 9-U-5A 5B2 8-U-33 3K12 9-U-39 5B3 8-U-36 3K13 9-U-51 5C1 8-U-35 3LL 9-U-U2 ^Dl 8-U-l 3L2 9-U-7 5G1 8-U-38 3L3 9-U-8 5H1 8-u-U 3LU 9-U-.3U 5J1 8-U-12 3X5 9-U-li 5K1 8-U-I3 3L6 9-U-50 5m 8-U-17 3P1 9-U-30 5P1 8-U-ll 3P2 9-U-l;6 5Q1 8-U-5 3P3 9-U-29 6A1 8-U-30 3Q1 9-U-33 6A2 8-U-21 3Q2 9=U=28 6bi 8-U-28 3Q3 9-U-U9 6d1 7-U-l 3QU 9-U-32 6E1 8-U-18 3Q0 9-U-38 6J1 8-U-lO 3Q6 9-U-U8 6K1 8-U-29 UaI 9-T--71 6qi 8-U-16 liBl 9-U-I3 6ri 8-U-3 UCI 9-U-70 7A1 8-U-8 kDl 8-T-20 7D1 7-U-.2 ilD2 8-T-20J 7J1 8-U-6 Ud3 9-U-07 7M1 7-U'9 UdU 9-.U-U7E 7M2 8-U-23 E-11 CROSS INDEX STATE >JELL NUMBER TO VENTURA. COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well ; t state well s number s Ventura County ; number : Ventura County SvB.B.&M. ; well number ; S.B.B.&M. : well number 1N/22W-8B1 8-U-27 1N/22W-11C1 lO-U-8 8B2 8-U-A 11C2 lO-U-33 801 8-U~lii llDl lO-U-19 802 8-U-22 llEl lO-U-Hi 8d1 8-U-2 11E2 lO-u-37 SEL 8-U-.26 llJl 10-U-30 6K1 8-U-9 llPl lO-U-29 8K2 8-U-37 12C1 lO-U-20 8K3 8-U-19 12C2 lO-U-21 811 8-U-2U 12H1 lO-U-2 8M1 8-U-25 12J1 lO-U-12 8q1 8-U-7 12M1 10-U-3U 9A1 9-U-61 12M2 lO-U-39 9B1 9-U-2 12N1 lO-U-38 9C1 9-U-lO 12N2 lO-U-22 9C2 9-U-71 12P1 lO-U-32 9F1 9-.U-U3 12F2 lO-U-11 9F2 9-U-59 13A1 10-V-U6 9G1 9-U-53 13D1 10=V-i45 910. 9-U-69 13D2 10-v=6 912 9-U-20 13E1 lO-V-27 9Q1 9-U-65 13E2 lO-V-22 9Q2 9-U-65A 13F1 lO-V-lU 9Q3 9-U-66 13H1 10-V-20 10j\l 9-U=12 13H2 lO-V-7 10A2 9-U-F 13J1 10-V-iili lODl 9-U-.5U 13J2 lO-V-12 lOEl 9-U-ll; 13J3 ll'.V-36 10E2 9-U-36 13K1 lO-V-2 lOHl lO-u-36 13L1 10-V-U8 lOJl 9-U-60 13N1 lO-V-9 lOKl 9-U-21 13P1 10-V-U3 IQMl 9-U-62 13Q1 io-v-15 10M2 9-U-15 iMl lO-V-23 lONl 9-U-ll liiCl lO-V-21 lOPl 9-U-55 ll;C2 lO-V-26 lORl 9-U-58 li;C3 lO-V-25 llAl lO-U-3 DiDl lO-V-1 11A2 lO-u-27 lUGl 10-V-2U llBl lO-u-3^ llmi 10-V-16C E-12 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUI4BSR WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA. COUNTY (continued) State well s : State well ; number : Ventura County : number s Ventura County- S,B.B.&M. s well number ; S,B.B,&M. s well number lN/22¥-liiJl 10-V-la 1M/22W-17M2 8-V-8 1UJ2 10-V-16B 17Q1 8-V-20 li|J3 10.V=16 18D1 8-V-7 ibKl lo-v-n 18E1 8-V-12 lliK2 10-V-U7 18F1 8-V-17 lliK3 10-V-U2 18L1 8-V-5 lURl lo-v-Uo 18P1 8-V-16 1UR2 lO-V-19 19B1 8-V-lO l^Al 9-V-i;9 19B2 8-v-lOA 1$B1 9-v»3 19BU 8-V-26 15B2 9-V-21 19H1 8-V-15 I5ci 9-V-22 20B1 8=V-ii 15 D2 9-V-U5 20E1 8-V-2U 15D3 9-V-i|6 2QE2 8-V-27 i5dU 9-V-!;7 20N1 8-V-ll 15E1 9-V-U8 20R1 8-V-21 15J1 9-V-32 20R2 8-V-22 15K1 9-V-3U 21C1 S'-^-S i$n 9-V-Uli 21J1 9-V-28 l^KL 9-V-19 21J2 9-V-38 15N1 9-V-29 21K1 9-V-30 15P1 9-V-26 21T.1 9-V-15 13P2 9-V-18 2112 9-V-15A 15Q1 9-V-33 21Q1 9-V-U2 15Q2 9-V-17 22A1 9-V-23 i6di 9-V-li; 22C1 9-V-6 16D2 8-V-19 22C2 9-V-27 16e1 8-V=2 22D1 9-V-5 16G1 9-V-8 22F1 9-V-IiO 16M1 8-v-lU 22J1 lO-v-36 16M2 9-V-B 22J2 9-V-35 16M3 8-V-13 22J3 9-V-25 16P1 9-V-31 22M1 9-V-20 17 Bl 8-V-2$ 22M2 9-V-lO 17 CI 8-V-l 22M3 9-V-36 17D1 8-V-23 22MU 9-V-39 17D2 8-V-6 2216 9-V-16 17J1 8-V-18 22M6 9-V-U 17J2 8-V-3 22M7 9-V-A 17M1 8-V-8A 22N1 9-V-U3 E-13 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well : J State well '. number J Ventura County t number : Ventura County S,B.B.&tl„ : well number ; S,B.Bo&M„ i well number 1N/22W-22N2 9-V-7 UI/22W-25K1 lO-W-16 22N3 9-V-ll 25n 10-¥-16A 22N5 9-V-2U 25N1 10-W-3U 22P1 9-V-37 26AI 10-W-lO 22P2 9-V-13A 26BI lO-W-33 22Q1 9-V»13 26B2 lO-W-1 22R1 lO-v-52 26 B3 lo-w-32 22R2 9-V-2 26D1 lO-W-22 22R3 9-V-l 26D2 lO-W-29 23A2 10-V=28 26D3 lO-W-7 23A3 lO-V-l? 26JI lO-W-26 23aU 10-V-U9 26J2 lO-W-25 23B1 lO-V-3 26KI lO-W-2 23C1 lO-V-13 26K2 10-W-2A 23C2 lO-V-32 26M1 lO-W-27 23E1 lO-v-37 26M2 lO-W-12 23J1 10-v-U 26PI lO-W-36 23K1 10-V-50 26RI io-w-5 23N1 lO-V-38 26R2 lO-W-18 23Q1 lO-V-18 27A1 9-W-ll 2ljAl ii-v-ii5 27B1 9-W-9 2UB1 lO-V-39 27 B2 9-W-5 2UC1 10-.V-29 27 CI 9-^^10 2hDl lO-V-10 27D1 9-W-3 2UD2 10-V»5 27F1 9-W-12 2liHl ll-V-26 27F2 9-W-A 2i|Kl lO-v-33 27G1 9-W-8 2UK2 10-V-3U 27H1 9-¥-7 2hKL lO-V-30 27 Jl lO-w-28 2lm2 lO-V-51 27 J2 IO-W-28A 2i4Nl lO-V-31 27P1 9-¥-13 2UP1 10-V-A 28AI 9-W-6 2UP2 lO-V-8 28A2 9-V-Ul 25A1 11-W--30 28C1 9-W-15 25B1 10-W-30A 28D1 9-W-2 25 B2 10--W-30 28H1 9-W-U 25B3 10-W-i; 28H3 9-¥-lI; 25C1 lO-W-20 29A1 8-W-2 25 C2 lO-w-6 29A2 8-w-l 25J1 lo-w-31 29A3 8-W-l; E-lii CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well : J State well number t Ventura County- s number ; Ventura County S.B.B.&Mo s well number i S.B.Bo&Mo s well number lN/22W-3i;Jl 9-'\hl 2N/17W-6K1 23-R-9 3UJ2 9-W-lA 6K2 23-R-3 3$A1 10-.w=3 6K3 23-R-$ 35 CI IO-W-2I1 6rL 23-R-I2 36B1 10-¥-'35 6n1 23-R-U 36B2 10-W=9 6q1 23-R-53 36J1 10-W-ll; 6Q3 23-R-7 36K1 10-.W-21 6qU 23-R-6 36K2 lO-W-15 6r1 23-R-2I 36K3 10-'W-23 7A1 23-R-25 3611 lO-W-19 7B1 23-R-50 36N1 lo-w-17 7D1 23-R-23 36PI lC-W-8 7D2 23-R-2U 1N/23W-'1A1 7-T-6 7D3 23-R-61 IBl 7-U-3 7DU 23-R-62 IJl 7=U-.U 7F1 23-R-U9 IRI 7-U-5 7G1 23-R-8 12A1 7-U-6 7G2 23-R-lO 12 Bl 7-U-7 7G3 23-R-36 2N/l7W-i;Al 2I1-R-57 7H1 23-R-39 Ufi 2U-R-56 7J1 23-R-3I hLL 2U~R-58 7M1 23-R-29 iaa 2U-R-37 7M2 23-R-30 5ci 23-Q-3 7N1 23-R-32 5C2 23-Q"2 8a1 23-R-26 5F1 23-R-55 8ci 23-R-6O 5K1 23-R-U8 8f1 23-R-27 5mi 23-R-I8 8F2 23-R-28 $M2 23-R-2O 8F3 23-R-l 5Q1 23-R-22 8H1 23-R-13 6b1 23-R-57 8J1 23-R-U7 6E1 23-R-ll 8J2 23-R-la 6F1 23-R-lli 8J3 23-R-33 6F2 23-R-5U 8JU 23-R=liO 6G1 23-R-56 8J5 23-R-51 6G2 23-R-15 8K1 23-R-U5 6H1 23-R-I6 8K2 23-R-52 6K2 23-R-58 8L1 23-R-38 6J1 23-R-I9 8M1 23-R-32 6J2 23-R-17 8P1 23-R-2 E-15 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well % State well : number : :: Ventura County t number t ; Ventura County- S,B.B.&Mo : well number t S,B.B.&M, : well number 2N/17¥-8P2 23-R-U2 2N/17''-9R1 2U-R-I5 8Q1 23-R-h3 9R2 2U-R-I7 8Q2 23-R-14; 9R3 2U-R-U 8r1 23-R-3U 9Rli 2U-R-3 6R2 23-R-35 9R5 2U-R-3O 8r3 23 -R-^ 9 9R6 2U-R-'U3 9B1 2U-R-6 9R7 2U-R-16 9B2 2U-R-7 IQMl 2U-R-1U 9B3 2U-R-9 lOQl 2h-R-5l 9BU 2U-R-8 10Q2 2U-R-36 n$ 2U-R-8A 15D1 2U-R-35 9E1 2U~R-38 15D2 2U-R=33 9E2 2U-R-39 15D3 2u-R-3li ,9F1 2U-R-60 I6AI 2U-R-U8 9F2 2U-R-11 16a2 2li-R-U7 9G1 2l4-R-i;0 16A3 2U-R-3I 9G2 2U-R-1 16aU 2U-R-32 9J1 2U-R-13 16a5 2U-R-U9 9X0. 2U-R-20 i6bi 2h-S-6 9^a 2I4-R-I2 i6di 2U-R-25 9M2 2U-R-5 16E1 2U-S-3 9N1 2lt-R-21 16F1 2U-S-5 9N2 2l;-R"22 16G1 2U-S-U 9N3 2U-R-23 16H1 2I1-S-I mk 2J4-R-I9 16M1 2U-3-2 9N5 2U-R-2I; 17A1 23-R-37 9N6 2h-R-\6 17A2 23-R-U6 9P1 2I;-R-1;6 17A3 23-S-2 9P2 2U-R-29 17 Bl 23-S-l $n 2h-R-26 18L1 23-S-ii 9Pli 2ii-R-55 2N/18W-1F1 22-R-18 9P5 2U-R-2 1F2 22-R-.3 9P6 2i|-R-5U IHl 22-R~28 9P7 2U-R-27 ML 22-R-9 9Q1 2l;-R-l;i| 1M2 22-R-60 9Q2 2U-R-53 1M3 22-R»39 903 2U-R-52 IPl 22-R-U 9QU 2U-R-I8 IQl 22-R-7 905 2ii-R-28 2 CI 22-Q-5 9Q6 2ii-R-^0 2J1 22-R-8 E-16 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL ^fTJMB'^ TO VENTURA COMTT WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well number S.B.Bo&M, Ventura County well number State vjell number S,B.Bo&M. Ventura County well number 2K1 22-R-6 2N1 22-R-li8 2Q1 22-R-61 2R1 22-R-Ul 3A1 21-R-37 3A2 21-R-55 3E1 21-R-U9 3J1 a-R-52 3K1 21-R-56 3K2 21-R-U8 3K3 21-R-U7 3L1 21-R»U5 3L2 21-R-lO 3M1 21-R-20 3M2 21-R-21 3N1 21-R~3 3P1 21-R-22 3P2 21-R-$3 3Q1 21-R-U6 3R1 21-R=5l Uia 21-R-16 UN2 21-R-13 lipl 21-R-7 UP2 21-R-7A Uri 21-R-6 5P1 20-R-18 7B1 20-R-l;9 7F1 20-R-28 7F2 20-R-29 7F3 20-R-37 7FU 20-R-38 7F5 20-R-38A 7G1 20-R-27 7G2 20-R»22 7H2 20-R-.12 7H3 20-R-21 7HU 20-R-25 7J1 20-R-2U 7J2 20-R-7 7K1 20-R-36 2N/18t-J^7L1 20-R-51 7P1 20-R-39 7R1 20-R-23 7R2 20=R-26 8b1 20-R-Ul 8B2 20-R-20 8C2 20-R-6 8d1 20-R-15 8e1 20-R-l 8E2 20-R-lA 3F2 20-R-li; 8F3 20-R-lO 8fU 20-R-9 8f5 20-R-8 8f6 20-R-19 8g1 20-R-U2 8g2 20-R-3$ 8g3 20-R-i;3 8k1 20-R-33 8K2 20-R-U 8K3 20-R-32 8kU 20-R-32A 8l1 20-R-30 8L2 20-R-16 8L3 20-R-13 8lU 20-R-31 8P1 20-R-iai 8P2 20-R-3A 8P3 20-R-3 8pU 20-R-2 8Q1 20-R-U5 8Q2 20-R-U6 9B1 21-R-19 9D1 21-R-18 9D2 21-R-8 9H1 21-R-ll 9H2 21-R-39 9J1 21-R-59 9J2 21-R-28 9M1 21-R-li; E-17 CROSS IKDBX STATE VJELL NUMBER TO VMTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WA.TER QUALITY AND MTER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well : t State well : number 5 Ventura County- : niunber j Ventura County S.B.B.&M. : well number 5 S.B.B, 15-0-26 28F3 I5-Q-I8 lODl 15-0-5 2SFh 15-Q-li^ 10D2 15-0-8 28HI 15-Q-lO lOFl 15-0-2 28JI 15-Q-ll 10F2 15-0-11 28J2 I5-Q-23 lOKl 15-0- 3i^ 28LI I5-Q-I2 llAl 16-O-i^ 28L2 I5-Q-20 llBl 16-0-13 28L3 I5-Q-I9 llCl 16-0-8 28PI I5-Q-26 11C2 16-0-51 29M1 1J+-Q-5 lie 3 l6-0-li^ 3OPI li+-Q-6 llDl 16-0-9 3ILI lU-Q-7 11D2 16-0-6 32D1 li|-Q-U 11D3 16-0-5 32F1 14-Q-3 11D4 16-0-61 32G1 li^-Q-2 IID? 16-0-3 32H1 14-Q-l 12D1 16-0-U6 33C1 I5-Q-7 12D2 l6-o-i^7 33D1 15-Q-l 23K1 16-P-7 33M1 I5-Q-8 23Q1 16-P-8 33M2 I5-Q-27 23Q2 16-P-l 3i^Fl I5-Q-I6 2UKI 16-P-12 3^1 15-Q-24 25J1 16-Q-6 3^L1 I5-Q-9 25J2 16-Q-5 36AI I6-Q-3 25J3 16-Q-I+ 36GI I6-Q-2 26C1 16-P-9A 36NI I6-Q-9 26D1 16-P-9 3N/ 21W- IBl 13-0-27 26R1 16-Q-7 IFl 13-0-28 26R2 16-Q-8 1F2 13-0-29 27D1 15-Q-25 IKl 13-0-3 27G1 15-Q-2 1K2 13-0-31 27G2 15-Q-17 INl 13-0-15 E-36 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL NUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY WELL NUMBER WATER QUALITY AND WATER qUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well : : State well : number : Ventura County : number : Ventura County- S.B.B.&M. : well number : S.B.B.&M. : well number 3N/21W- IPl 13-0-8 3N/21W-12C1 13-0-23 1P2 13-0-24 12D1 13-0-35 1P3 13-0-25 12D2 13-0-22 ipi+ 13-0-26 12D3 13-0-1 IRl 13-0-13 12E1 12-0-17 2Q1 13-0-6 12E2 13-0-5 2R1 13-0-16 12E3 13-0-2 3H1 12-0-12 lUcl 13-0-19 3R1 12-0-17 lUC2 13-0-33 7J1 11-0-1 lhC5 13-0-30 8P1 11-0-2 15C1 12-0-3 9J1 I2-O-I3A 15C2 I2-P-2U 9K1 12-0-2A 15C3 12-P-2 9K2 12-0-15 15CU I2-P-I3 9K3 12-0-11 15D1 I2-P-23 9Q1 12-0-8 16AI 12-0-J+ 9R1 12-0- lOA 16EI I2-P-I6 9R2 12-0-10 16E2 12-P-li+ 9R3 12-0-6 16F1 I2-P-I5 lOAl 12-0-9 16F2 12-P-15A lOEl 12-0-1 i6gi I2-P-26 lOKl 12-0-5 16H1 12-P-l ICMl 12-0-16 16H2 12-P-9 lOPl 12-0-7 i6ki 12-P-3 lORl I2-O-II+ 16K2 12-P-i^ llDl 13-0-12 16P1 I2-P-I9 11D2 13-0-32 16P2 I2-P-25 llEl 13-0-10 16Q1 12-P-5 11E2 13-O-U 16Q2 12-P-ll llFl 13-0-18 i6ri I2-P-I7 11F2 13-0-11 16R2 12-P-8 llHl 13-0-20 17D1 ll-P-20 11H2 13-0-7 17D2 ll-P-19 11H3 13-0-21 17P1 ll-P-13 lUl 13-0-9 17R1 ll-P-7 llLl 13-0-13A l&il ll-P-3 llPl 13-0-3^^ 18R1 ll-P-17 12A1 13-0-14 18R2 11-P-17A 12B1 13-0-36 19A1 ll-P-16 12B2 13-0-37 19A2 ll-P-2 E-37 CROSS INDEX STATE WELL KUMBER TO VENTURA COUNTY VffiLL NUMBER mTER q,UALITY AND WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS VENTURA COUNTY (continued) State well : : State well : numbei" Ventura County : number Ventura County- S.B.B.&M. : well nuniber S.B.B.&M. : well number 3N/21W-19B1 ll-P-9 3N/21W-33Q1 12-5-7 19G1 11-P-ll 3UDI 12-Q-5 19H1 ll-P-12 34K1 12-Q-U 19H2 11-P-12A 3^1 Ll 12-q-6 19H3 ll-P-15 3^N1 12-Q-2 19L1 11-P-li^ 35F1 13-Q-l 19L2 11-P-li+A 36PI I3-R-6 19M1 10-P-lOA 3N/22W- 2G1 10-0-10 19R1 ll-P-6 2G2 10-0-9 20F1 ll-P-8 2J1 10-0-8 20F2 ll-P-18 2R1 10-0-7 20J1 11--P-22 llAl 10-0-6 20J2 ll-P-5 11A2 10-0-11 20K1 ll-P-21 11A3 10-0-5 2om 11-P-l llAi+ 10-0-i^ 20P1 11-Q-ll llA^ 10-0-3 20P2 11-Q-T 11A6 10-0-2 20R1 11-P-U llHl 10-0-1 21A1 I2-P-I8 ikLL 10-P-i| 21A2 12-P-IUa 23F1 lO-P-2 ?1B1 12-P-T 23F2 10-P-l 21B2 12-P-6 2hKL lO-P-3 21E1 12-P-lO 25F1 10-Q-U 21F1 12-P-22 25H1 lO-Q-6 21F2 12-P-21 25H2 lO-Q-3 21G1 12-P-20 3^H1 10-oi-2A 26N1 I3-Q-2 3^H2 9-Q-2 28MI 12-Q-3 3^1 9-Q-l 28NI ll-Q-6 3k^2 9-R-28 29CI 11-Q-l 3kKL 9-R-29 3OBI -11-Q-li^ 3^R2 9-^-29 30B2 ll-Q-2 35E1 lO-Q-2 30HI ll-Q-13 35N1 io-R-37 30H2 ll-Q-12 35P1 lo-Q-9 3IA]. ll-Q-9 35R1 lo-Q-5 3IBI 11-9.-3 36BI lo-Q-15 3ICI ll-Q-i+ 36JI lo-Q-12 3IEI 11-Q-lO 36J2 io-Q-16 31E2 ll-Q-15 36KI io-q-7 ^■iFl ll-Q-5 36K2 10-- CO O C) co CO o H H CO d o ON r-H O O CO vol CM I * CO o CM CO oo -c^| HI H OJ OJI CO ur\ rH on HI CM I ir\\ HI r- o 0,1 a) OO C) H oo (^) OJoO^Lr\\Ot^X)ON F-8 -p -p nJ > !-. H c3 K H ^ (1) fn • -P c3 >5 .^ pq +J ^H G -P 05 3 C -P O (I) G O fj c6 tl CO G () •H o •- 1^ ;>» o^ tn OJ oj •H H O H 1-3 U 03 () > G « •H 03 X +J oJ CO fl) :3 r^ (1) H cj ^ in (1 O w 0) H fi ^ •H •^ 03 O <) CM Cl U3 VO o g a 0) 3 05 Ti -p o fl ■71 o ■•> 01 .;J >> •H o +J • •\ '^ H g ;> •H o ^ r.-i fj >H O r'j C) o !h U •s (.) S->H o o H H fl () H W C) H • Q) •H p U •V rs t; &^ l-^l (0 H C H «v (> () l3 ^ •H ..% (1! Fi n a to Jh S •H OJ 03 ;:! .5^ PU .-N C7< -p >>, 01 >^-p () n) +j g H -p •H P 01 CD O a f) fn O Ol •H 0) r/) H ^ fl a •H U •\ •H a ra.e. per 1. calcl~LU,i and i.iagnesiu,ii caroonates frou a total salinity of 'd.'^.h m.e. per 1. giving 26.5 m.e. per 1. effective salinity. With this v/X',ter the conductance or total concentration would be a fair jaeasure of effective salinity. Tije calculation of effective salinity is laore applicable to waters of low salt content, i.e., waters with a conductance of less than 100, than those of a higher salt concentration as these waters are recognized frequently as possibly hamiful for sOiue or all crops. Waters 5 and 6 with a conductance of 75 and 6y, respectively, and approximately the same total salt concentration, have widely different effective salinities. Huiuber ^ water has a nigh percent- age of the total salts occurring as effective saJ.inity (6.3 m.e. per 1.) whereas nuiuber 6 is reduced to approximately a third (2.3 i:i.e. per 1.). Additional sa„iiples of varying effective salinity in low salt waters of nearly the saiae total salt concentration are nuir.bers J, 8, and 9- The effective salinity ranges from k.2 to O.o of a m.e. per 1. The above examples indicate that the potential salinity of a water for irrigation cannot be judged by conductance cr total salt content, and the sJ.igntly soluble salts of c-^-lGium and magnesiUiii carbonates, and calciuia sulfate should not be considered in classification of water for accu^aulution of salines in the soil. Four surface waters diverted froia rivers or streams in California for irrigation purposes are listed in Table 2. These show a reduction from total salts, v/hen calculated as effective salinity, of 34 per cent in river v.iater number c: (oan Joaquin) to 67 per cent for number k, Cache Creek. With the exception of nunber h, these waters give rise to soil salinity when deep F-10 percolation is irapaired. Notable is the acciimulation of salt in the Iniperial Valley from Colorado River ira.ter_, number 3. This water has an effective salinity of 7.0 m.e. per 1, which is sufficiently high to account for all the accumulated salts of Imperial Valley. Salination of a soil by irrigation water . For irrigation waters an approximate relationship exists between conductance, parts per million, railliequivalents per liter and tons of salt per acre-foot. For example, a conductance of 1,00'0 micromhos is approximately equivalent to 7^0 ppm, 10 m.e. per 1. total salt_, or a ton of salt per acre-foot. These are very useful relationships in expressing total salts of an irrigation water in various terms. However, in the precipitation of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates and calciiim sulfate, most of the salts of high molecular weights are removed from solution, which changes the relationships that existed in the original irrigation water. A better relationship for effective salinity would be one mllliequivalent to equal about 55 ppm or 150 pounds of salt per acre-foot of water. Then 10 m.e. per 1. ef- fective salinity would be approximately 550 ppm or three-fourths ton of salt per acre-foot of "water. Assuming the salts of an irrigation water remain in the soil to the depth of plant rooting, then the degree of salination will be in proportion to the quantity of water used in evapo- transpiration and the effective salinity of the irrigation water. If 0.2 per cent by weight of dry soil is used as a criterion for the limit between saline and nonsaline soil, then to bring an acre- foot of soil to this concentration would require 7>1^^ pounds of salt. 3 (When 4 millimhos, 10 , of the saturated extract is used as a standard F-11 for the lower limits of salinity,, the total salt is about 6,000 poxmds or O.I8 per cent dry weight for soils of interiaediate water-holding capacity). As each milliequivalent effective salinity contributes about I50 pounds of salt per acre-foot of water, it would take 48 m.e. per 1. to bring each acre-foot of soil to 0.2 per cent salt, or a water containing 10 m.e. per 1. effective salinity would require 4.8 acre-feet to reach this salt percentage. If the rooting depth of the plant is 6 feet and salts are not leached from this rooting zone, then 10 m.e. per 1. of effective salinity would require 28.3 acre-feet of v/ater. Assui'oing this is applied at the rate of 2 1/2 feet per year, it would require approximately 11 years to salinize a soil xiniformly to 0.2 per cent salt (this is an idealized situation as field soils axe rarely ever uniformly salinized). The depth of soil or the depth of rooting of the plant species involved would determine the number of years required to salinize a soil provided leaching v;as not involved. Criteria for effective salinity . The above calciilations assumed no leaching of a soil below the root development of the plant. Under field conditions this would not normally occur. Under most situations in the field, the irri- gation usually results in some movement of soil moisture below the root zone. Irrigated high water table soils frequently have a natural or artificial drainage system. Althoiigh all the accumulated salts are not removed in the drainage water, a balance may be established so that the accumulation of salines is held at a concentration sufficiently low to permit the growth of agricultural plants. Tne salts in some high water table areas may not be due entirely to the effective salinity of the irrigation water but may have been in the original soil before irrigation was started or, as some authorities have suggested, may F-12 have been brought up from salt previously deposited in the deep subsoil by the rise of the water table. Under these conditions any effective salinity of the irrigation \-ra,ter will only aggravate the salt condition of the soil. Many other conditions may seriously reduce deep percolation of the irrigation water in a reasonable tirae such as high sodium soils, stratified soils, clay lenses, some clay and adobe soils, dense or compact subsoils, and heavy clay subsoils. These soil conditions may prevent sufficient leaching to remove the salines of the irrigation water. However, some leaching may be accoinplished by holding the water on the surface for a long period of time. An extreme example vrould be the removal of salines on very heavy soils by growing rice in which the soil is submerged for about 5 months. Most hardpans and some claypans are practically impermeable to water. Even these may have cracks or ruptures through which water and accumulated salts may drain. Under conditions of restricted drainage different standards shoiild be established for effective salinity of an irrigation water than with deep, open soils where leaching is easily accomplished. Table 3 suggests tentative standards for effective salinity of the irrigation water with and without restricted drainage. Tlie assiomption is made that 1 to 2 m.e. per 1. of effective salinity will be removed in crop production. F-13 Table 3. Tentative Classification for Effective Salinity of Irrigation Waters Soil Conditions Terms used Class Little leaching of the soil can be expected, due to low percolation rates m.e. per 1. <:3 3-5 ^5 ppm 165 165 - 275 275 lb . per ac-f t . 450 450 - 750 750 m.e. per 1. 10 ppm 275 275 - 550 550 lb. per ac-ft 750 750 - 1500 1500 Some leaching but restricted. Deep percolation or drainage slow. Open soils. Deep m.e. per 1 percolation of water easily accomplished. ppm ■ 1 385 lb. per ac-ft. 1050 7 - 15 >15 3S5 - O25 825 1050 - 2250 2250 The crucial concentrations are those listed in Class I for the three soil conditions. Classes II and III indicate increasing concentration, and the build-up of soil salinity should be checked periodically and irrigation practices adjusted to remove salinity with the minimum loss of water. Class I water is not considered safe under all extreme conditions encountered in the field. Other than those listed in Table 3> the circumstances under which an irrigation water is to be used should be taken into consideration. In areas of high annual rainfall where the soil is wet to 6 feet or more in depth, or below the depth of rooting of the crop grown, the concentration of effective salinity covild be increased for all classes. In lov; rainfall areas some F-II+ leaching may be desirable,, but due to the low farm irrigation efficiencies, ranging from 20 to 80 per cent of the water delivered to the farm, most surface soils are adequately leached for removal of any excess salts. In fact, overirrigation or low farm irrigation efficiencies have resulted in damage to more soils due to the rise of a water table with increased salinity than irrigating sparingly and allowing the salts to accx;imulate . In pumped areas where the water table is low, water is used sparingly, and the water contains high effective salinity, an occasional overirrigation may be beneficial in removing salines. Only a few isolated cases are knovm to the author in which serious salinity problems have developed due to the use of irrigation water with a relatively high salt content in the absence of a high water table. Careful investigation should be made to determine whether sufficient deep percolation is taking place in the ordinary irrigation practice to remove the salts from the surface soil. Where surface -water is used for irrigation and the poten- tiality of developing a high water table may exist, irrigations should be limited to evapo-transpiration with the minimum of excess water to remove the salines. Application of Effective Salinity Ventura County irrigation waters . In the spring of 1953 and again in the fall a detailed investigation was made of salt injury to lemons and oranges, two of the more sensitive crops grown in the County. As a basis for this study, 375 irrigation waters from widely distributed agricultural areas of the County were used. A classification of these F-15 waters^ percentage-wise, for total salinity and effective salinity is given in Table k. This table is based on the standards for quality of water given in Table 1. Table k. Percentage Distribution of 375 Irrigation Waters in Three Classes, Based on Table 1, for Total Salinity and Effective Salinity Class I Class II ' Class III Less than 10 m.e. Less than 30 in.e. More than '^0 m.e. per 1. per 1. per 1. Total salinity l6 77 7 Effective salinity 67 32 1 Applying these standards to effective salinity, it was found that 67 per cent of the vraters were in Class 1, whereas on the basis of total salinity, only I6 per cent were in this class. If the criterion given in Table 5, is used kk per cent of the waters are below 7 nilliequivalents per 1 . , k6 per cent between 7 a-nd 15 milliequivalents and 10 per cent above I5 milliequivalents per 1. For the 375 waters the average reduction from total salts to effective salinity is ^8 per cent. The above discussion has been limited to the accumulation of total salines. Other factors should be considered in the classification of irrigation waters, particularly sodiiim. The average sodium percentage of the total cations based on the formula given in Table 1, for the 375 waters is 29 per cent with only 5 waters above 60 per cent sodium and only one of these above 70- The per cent sodium of the effective salinity is increased when compared to the natural waters due to the precipitation of some of the calciixra and F-16 and magnesium salts as indicated in the last column of Table 2. The aver- age per cent sodium of the effective salinity for the 375 waters is 56 per cent and is below the maximum allowable standards of 60 per cent sodium given in Table 1. However; 3I per cent of the waters were above 60 per cent sodiuai with I8 per cent of the water being between 60 and 70 per cent 3odiu2!i, 6 per cent of them between 70 and 60^ 2 per cent between 80 and 90^ and 5 per cent between 90 Q-nd 100 per cent sodiura. The question arises, will the waters above 60 per cent sodium, based on effective salinity, have an adverse effect on soil structure such as dispersal of the clays accompanied by impaired water penetration? The answer^, pertaining to these waters of Ventura County^ seems to be no. Eighty per cent of the 375 waters precipitate calcium sulfate (gypsui.i) upon concentration in the soil solution. As calcium sulfate has a solu- bility of 28 m.e. per 1., this concentration will always be present in the soil solution. Doubling this concentration with sodium salts will bring the concentration well above the saline range of k millimhos and only increase the sodium to 50 per cent of the cations. These waters also have an appreciable quantity of magnesium,, ranging from about 1 to 20 m.e. per 1. with an average of ^.3; which remains in the soil solution when calciwi sulfate is precipitated. The problem would not be one of high per cent sodium, but one of total salines. Assuming the concentration of salts continues to increase above the lower limits established for a saline soil, even though the sodium percentage increased, a maintenance of good soil structure would result due to the high con- centration of soluble salts. F-17 Of the waters not giving a cal:;iuin sulfate precipitation (20 per cent); 18 per cent had sufficient bicarbonate to precipitate all the calcium and only part of the magnesiiiin, while approximately 2 per cent or 8 waters of the 375 precipitated all the calcium and magnesium and had an excess bicarbonate which forms sodium bicarbonate . Eaton listed these as "residual sodium carbonate". As the bicarbonate equals or exceeds the calciijm ajid magnesium concentration, sodiuin of the soil solution will replace calcium of the cation exchange, which provides available calcixim to precipitate with the excess bicarbonate. Recent (2) investigations by Chimondes ■ shew that concentrating residual sodium car- bonate waters will enrich the cation exchange with sodium and at the same time give a precipitation of calcii-un carbonate. Only two of the 8 waters had residual sodixim of more than I.5 m.e. per 1., these being 2-5 and 3'-- ^s numerous farms visited showed no evidence of soil structure deterioration due to sodium in the irrigation water. The Effect of Ventura County Irrigation Waters on Citrus and Soil This study was limited to 20 citrus groves, as they constitute one of the major crops of this County and are considered to be very salt sensitive, especially the lemon. The areas having excess boron were not included in this study. The survey; included a comparison of leaf injury, or burn, with the effective salinity of the irrigation water and with the soil type to a depth of 3 feet which contains the major concentration of citrus roots. These soils are classified as the Yolo Series, without lime accumulation and are well drained. Besides the above-mentioned variables, there is the un- known factor of the farmer ' s irrigation practice . F-18 Irrigation Waters. The selection of the groves for study was made on the basis of total concentration of salts in the irrigation water; ranging from the lowest 11.32 to the highest 36.6 m.e. per 1. in concentrations of water used for irrigation of citrus in the coiinty. Table 5. The per cent sodiinn of the total cations is not considered high. The effective salinity for most of the waters is approximately half the total salts, and the average reduction for all waters was 46 per cent. F-19 9-! Oi G -P H o g •H P Sh 01 -P o a) a si o ft &0 ■H cd to ^ ^ ■p is ::S c •H -P 0' C r-<. C,H OJ CO ia() o ^ > •H ;i ^-^ cv ::J rH TO n^ cd 0) (ij CO 0) •H 5h H • -p rH ■-^' '^ <,J H ^ ^—-P 1 !>5tH tn -P O i-! •H C) H •^ ^ H u r-i -H Oj -P w n3 J^ -^ 0) < ) l> >> ro •H Jh ■P ;i T* c3 w n M cd 'd W fi >> M OJ cd * M « w -p :3 -H >5 W r-" •o +5 ^ % CT C cd r/, M K ^ ^ o l>-VO CO t-^ >^ ITNCXJUAD— CM o^o^OJOu^ OJ CT\ CO l>- l/N UAOO ON t~-QO VO i'J>'0 H OJ C\! H 1^ ro no ro rH aj rH CO OJ ro-:* is\ O H mCM t- a\ -cl-OJ-4-OJMD -4- O OA ON CO VO ,d- ro oo-^ OH :o VD C— -:t LfN UA LTx \0 VO -^ ON CO o-\ u^ o a t— o\ VO O O CO CT\ ^ LiA UA H cr\ rH AJ -:t -O OJ LTN t— ro r-i Lr\ -^ ^ ^O ir\ ir\ -4- o ^ LfN o ^- -CT\-4-0O CM CM VO O CT\ ^ J- -^ J- i-.-) CM J- VO -^ OJ ^ ^ ^ Lr\ t-^ 'J\ > ^ O ;:< (U td ^ •':?A) >s M -H cd :i rH O -H G 0) O -H (U 0) rH !aO ^ CO cd Jh +^ a cd ^ a Ti a ft cd -P c u ^ ^ +^ rH ft bO cd >j 0) 0) a; F-20 ■ The relationship of the cations and anions to the total salt con- r centration of the irrigation waters is given in Figure 1. The sulfate ion is closely related to total concentration, whereas the bicarbonate and chloride is relatively constant. Calcium showed the same trend as the s\ilfate but to a lesser degree. Sodium and magnesium increase v^ith total concentration, but considerably less than calcium. F-21 Total milliequivalents per liter Fig. 1 - Relationship of individual ions to total concentration of Ventura Irrigation Waters . F-22 The salt injury rating^ Table 5? is classed from 1 to 3 according to the judgment of citrus experts. Rating 1 is for the slightest tip burn on the second year old leaves while rating 3 shows tip burn and some marginal burn for these leaves. Rating 2 is intermediate between 1 and 3» Even the salt injury in rating 3 wa-s not considered sufficient to cause a reduction in yield. On Grove 20, rated 3+ a- definite reduction in yield occurred and the trees were yellowish in appearance and lacked vigor. Soil Salinity and Lime Accumulation from Field Irrigation. The 20 groves consisted of well established older trees. With the exception of Grove No. 1 all were furrow irrigated. Some with permanent furrows , while others were clean cultivated with the furrows remade several times a year. Grove No. 1 had been sprinkle irrigated for a number of years. The soil was sampled in foot depths to three feet for salt analysis, and acciimulated lime. The sajnpling location was at the periphery of the tree and approxi- mately 15 to l8 inches from the center of the outside furrow - the one next to the tree. This should be in the range of capillary movement of moisture from the furrow, and therefore in the area of highest salt con- centration. F-23 Depth feet 1.0 E.G. Fig. 2. Salt accumulation in soil of a lemon grove from irrigation^water No. 10, Eff. Sal. 12.2 (Table p) E. C. X 10-^ of saturation extract. Depth feet E.G. E.G. Fig. 3- Salt accumulation in soil of an orange grove from irrigation vater No. 1?, Eff. Sal. I8.9 (Table 5). E.G. X 10-^ of the saturation extract. F-2i| A detailed survey of salines in the soil profile from the outside furrow to the tree row is given in Figures 2 and 3 for Groves Kos. 10 suid 17, and illustrates the accumulation of salines from the irrigation water. The soil profile in the tree rows parallel to the furrows is low in salt and in most cases receives no irrigation water other than from rainfall. The lime accumulation follows the same general pattern but with less variation in amounts from the tree row to the furrow. When the trees are small the furrovz-s are placed close to the tree-row^ and as they in- crease in size the furrows are gradually moved farther from the row. As lime is only slightly soluble, it has remained in the soil near the tree, while the accumulated salines have been leached to a lower depth by an occasional high rainfall year. F-25 i hJ 1-1 t-5 CQ W d O 03 Pi4 pL^ hJ kJ 1-1 CO • • • -H -H h hJ| [i< CO W 1-^ • 1-^1 • CO . .H • • .H ..... COCOh^COCO H^CJh^CipL, o (D (P oo CO ^ H Eh > •H -P f^ G ^ 3 H •H O 1 o O (0 a> o c 0) m > pi ro M • 1 -P-^ ro IM •H U> O U CJ H +5 0) 03 •H Q) fi H O O 0) O ^ CO C14 u c5 -P > Q CO (U 00 1 CO p! OJ (U !m !h d O (D f3 Ch «3 <+H +J Ol OJ -H C w t:) 0) H >5 -p o H ^ o cd +J cd ?H n1 p. Jh (U H-> lU w It) i-i rr! (1) u 4-> u; 01 p< M r3 " -p OJ o • Pi O C5S H l-q hJ hj I-l i-:i 1-3 hJ k1 i-i l-I 1-J r:> h-l i-j h4 i-l 'O (/.' f) (/J . * H-l h-l cfi ro ro >~, • -H • • •ri •H •H •H • •H •H . •H 4J -1 CO CO l^ 1=1 Ui i-l tii to C(J C/J CO l-I CO C/J C/J CO Ixi Cxi u:i H •H UJ hJ I-) hJ i-:i , 1-1 i-q i-J I-l 1 H^ l-j l-j l-i C ) t-1 i-j i-q h-l C/) t/J cu UJ . c/1 I-l I-l C() ro ro • -H • •H ■H •H •H •H •H • •H -1 aj UJ i^ h4 U^ h4 \^ CO C^J c;j UJ (xi c/J UJ CO C/J pti fxi f^ CO aimoHo ocOrHoo O H C\J O O M3 CO O f^ LPv i/N f— H LTN OJ r-1 O O O OM3 000 rOonCMOH OJ OJ O t— t— CO ^-o^ H H I-l H H C O O O U-\ H O O O O OJ -* o rH cn^ C\J vo PO OJ OJ o^ OJ OJ OJ -^ CO i>- m OJ H f^ OJ * ursco -^ H H rH ro oo PO CM MD r-\ i-^ OJ rH ('^ * * VO C— OJ 1 * 00 H OJ rH -:d- CO H CM OJ H CO 1^ D— -:t CO H rH r-l * J- mf- OJ OJ rH OJ Lr^ H m * * ^ VO rH 1 * rH 1-- novo Ir— -^ OJ H H H rH rH UA c^ 1^— ro OJOJ H H H * ON ir\ t^ ro OJ rH l-n rH rH vO Lf>-^ VO CO rH 00 rH rH * •p g Ul cd .y (D .13 ON a)4j H >i Tii T-l •H P! p: W .H c5? Pl'-- •H g VO 0) oi ;^ H P! p to . - h-l w UJ Pi OJ 1^ >% Ti T-! tiD (U p: H P! -P 01 (1) ■H o3 C/J > Pi -p n1 Pl-H 1 Pi Pi 1-5 Pi -H H-> (U 3 Pi UJ PL, rH OJ 00-^ LA VOt~-0D C7N O r-\ OJ f^-4- LPv rH rH H H rH vo f-CO ON O W rH rH H H OJ O F-26 The accumulation of soluble salines^ per cent sodium, lime content, and the soil texture are given in Table 6. The groves are numbered the same as those listed in Table 5- A complete analyses was made of the saturated extract, but only a summary is presented of total salts in m.e. per 1. and per cent sodium of the cations- The sodium percentage of saturated extract is considered, relatively low and, in general, is in the same percentage range as that of the irrigation waters. Table 5. The lime (CaCO^) is based on the per cent diy weight of soil.. The soil was originally classified, in 191?^ as the Yolo series free of lime except in poor drainage and alkali areas, which were not covered in this investigation. The soil texture by depth was determined from the soil survey of 1917? "the observations made in the field at the time the soil samples were secured, and from the moisture equivalent of the soil. The water holding capacity of the soil may be judged from the moisture equivalents. For sandy loams, the moisture- equivalent ranged from k to 6 per cent, fine sandy loam from 6 to 10, loams from 12 to 17, silty loam from l8 to 22, silty clay from 2k to 29, and clay from 28 to 32 per cent moisture. Evaluating Ventura County Irrigation Waters for Citrus . The use of these waters has not deteriorated soil structure. This was noted in all groves visited and is further indicated by the low sodium percentage of satur- ation extract, Table 6. On these permeable soils, little or no injury to lemon leaves was noted when the effective salinity was at or below 7 m.e. per 1., as established in Table 3. One exception was noted. Grove No. 2, where a water containing 6.5 m.e. per 1. effective salinity was applied to a soil F-27 classed as loam in the surface 2 feet, clay in the third foot, and below this an exceptionally heavy subsoil. A heavy deposit of lime and gypsum was noted in the 3 and k foot depths. Table 6, and a slight to moderate amount of -'.njury, or "burning" was noted. In an adjoining grove using the same water but in the absence of the heavy subsoil, no injury to the leaves was observed. Wlierever subsoils of low permeability wel^e encountered the salt injury was more severe than on soils of vmiform texture. Although internal drainage was considered good, the leaching of salts through the heavy subsoil was not always accom- plished by the irrigation practiced. On soil of uniform texture, particularly the sandy and loa:ny phases, little injury was noted up to 10 m.e. per 1., effective salinity, but a moderate anoimt of burn at 12 m.e. per 1. was observed. On the sandy and gravelly soils, where some leaching nearly always occirrs during each irrigation, little salt injury to the leaves was observed with concentrations as high as 12 m.e. per 1. Once these soil conditions were established with the allowable effective salinity mentioned above, injury to the leaves was in direct pro- portion to increased effective salinity of the irrigation water. The soil type coupled with the effective salinity listed above cannot be adhered to as a rigid classification. Occasionally leaves would show some tip burn and a slight marginal burn but not sufficiently severe to affect the vigor of the tree or cause a reduction in yield. During dry years, when the rainfall does not v/et the soil below the depth of rooting and there is a shortage of irri- gation water, the salt injury is more severe and widespread than during years of normal or above average rainfall. In dry years some tip and marginal burn- ing of the leaves may occur at 7 m.e. per 1. or less of effective salinity. Considering all factors involved, 7 m.e. per 1., effective salinity seems to F-26 be a logical choice for the division betvreen Class I and Class II water for a sensitive crop^ such as lemons ;, imder irrigation practices of Ventura farmers. Since oranges are more salt tolerant than lemons under similar soil conditions^ the standard could be raised from 3 to 5 m.e. per 1. of effective salinity. Very little if any burning of orange leaves was noted below 10 m.e. per 1. and usually only a moderate amount of injiory with effective salinities of 15 to l8 m.e, per 1. Relative salt tolerance may be studied v/here lemons and oranges are interplanted in the same grove. Here^ irrigation practices would be the sam. One such grove j, not listed in the tables, with a gravelly type soil on iinconsolidated rock subsoil and irrigated with water having an effective salinity of 11.8 m.e. per 1. showed a very slight bxirn;, -- only the very tips of a few orange leaves,, whereas the lemons had a moderate to severe burn on most of the mature leaves , Another exeuiiple is grove No. 12 where a few lemon trees were inteiplanted with oranges and irrigated with a water having 12.9 m.e. per 1. effective salinity. The orange leaves showed a moderate amount of burn and the lemon leaves an extremely severe inj'ciry. During the seven years previous to 1951-52 the rainfall in Ventura County was lower than normal, while the 1951-52 year was high, approximately 70 per cent above normal. ^.Vhen this survey was made in 1953 the precipitation vras a^ain low, being about 66 per cent of normal for the rainfall year 1952-53- The citrus plants m the County showed only a very small amount of leaf injury where water of 10 m.e. per 1. or less vras used for irrigation as noted above. This constitutes 67^ F-29 of the vater used for irrigation. The remaining j3 per cent injured the leaves froi.i a slight burn on the tip to the extreme condition of partly defoliating the tree as the effective salinity progressively increased. This is just about the ratio of burning observed in the sur^rey. Approximately one-third of the groves showed from slight to extreme burning of the leaves. Tlie other tvo- thirds showed no injury or not in sufficient amount as to be a factor in determining the vigor of the tree, or crop production. Precipitation of lime and gypsum from irrigation water. The accijmulation of line and gypsum for bicarbonate -sulfate water is given in Table 6. With the exception of the gravelly and the very sandy soil, where every irrigation lonavoidably is a leaching process, calciiim carbonate has a tendency to pre- cipitate. Regardless of the total concentration most Ventura County v;-aters have about 5 m.e. per 1. of bicarbonates and considerably more calci\am, Figure 1. A number of waters were concentrated in the laboratory at room temperature to determine their stability. In the following example, the water had a concentration of approximately 15 m.e, per 1. The cations calci\im, magnesixun and sodiiom, and anions, bicarbonate, sulfate and chloride, each had a concentration of about 5 ni,e. per 1. Upon concentration all of the ions increase in direct proportion to the decrease in volume with the exception of bicarbonate and calcium, Table 7- Concentrating the water one time, or half of the original volujne, precipitated 71 per cent of the calcium bicarbonate . For many soils this is the range between field capacity and the permanent wilting percentage. F-30 Table 7> Precipitation of calciiim bicarbonate by increasing concentration from evaporation. Origi- nal Water Concentration of Original Water Ions 1/ '2 1 2 3 Tlieor . Found Theor , Fo\md Theor . Foiind Theor. Found Ca meq/L HCO" meq/L 1 -i > "^ r, d 1-1 T3 B 4^ o -H a. o to 1-1 a E-. ID O ^< 0) m •V a -t^ o C V) X CVJ o u ■»;> (d » -a : M C -f i3 i) S ?, **-» 05 o o n £ Ob O M IDfo ■hJe M-H aHe- t. 0> Z C •H +> d •p t/j o a § t. +» to mlo ml 9 |a3 ii^lo o> o ml • <-<| o a o I If) > fl ■ I I ' D I I lis III 111 tnliH inlt-i inlrH r-lcg lip* cai * m|io colm f~.lir) ml • mjtn to • mlin f^KCJ OOlCM I to Tloo IT) mlifi o jo ojo >|i ojo ojo ojo ojo olo ojo olo oj olo olo in o in o m in 1 o 1 m 00 m •-I m CO m ■ d I ss 91 {wj'' 6 i=3 CM) • CMlro 1^ eori Old i » olo ojo injr-t 0? o in in ITi O tr> o J,? 1 r^ 1 TO 9 oj 1 c^ fO CM r~ TO CM 00 c« m r>. u-j m in I r-l I^ CO tn m in o 1 >» ID o o m t CO i-i r^ lO r-l J, li iSg oSo I g^ Be efoil lOM lOJrt r~Jr-l 3 I I r~l» I cojoo l>-f8 of • ftl • o • 3 1 olo iit oo oo ojo ^ SL* o O oO •B 'I' >jo o o oo ojo ojo ojo oL Ml r^l ^1' s St at -a 5 t* fi 4* in o CO eg 4i rH CM ;.fi 3 'I sl M jCM Ig r|» fi! • ml* III ', lie cnlo 1 1 1 cJlo I >H|0 lOlrH g|: O t^ >• o ■ . < 6- 3 SMC 3 " < -e K s CM|u5 Si! ■cyo> o'Jo o]o |S !|l r-ir* 0)1 • olin {MI'S- h i ! "iP. r-)l0 IDJCSJ a>]a> OJ li-l O) Ico r^l • ml • oio o'o I I 9n sr. olo OIO rjo clla Si's. in J l-i to in to c>i rH I i-l 6- g wi 5 3 o n> c ■< •« c» o CO e- c +> ! m C a cu <» z; o „ ^ •al^E +^ O -H O O 01 r^ D E- 01 O ■H l/i a m e .. „ o ■H c ^ b. ■rH ^ E •H tl. m E s o (. a 1 ** •• a a ^ 1 1 o a -H 3 O T 01 o w CO o o X o a CJ to OC DO +» c ! » i<: 3 +> +» § d o S o •3 c c ^ s .. .. d t> X o. ,. .O ,^ K iO u oo <-l 1X> X CVJ O w +.- ? © ^3 1 ClO C -p to t, o a) •H a o (1) a j3 niCx .."«.. of* -f* E o!M Qt- U 1 a c +^ a) +» in ., ^ ^„ <» a § k +> M I o CVJIO cnio i! i\ 21 =B Hs csj Iro iH Icj r~l • CO. colifi cojin p f:jlo' Slo' °r °r °p °P °\° °l° °r °r CM jo cmIo ■hIiH CVJIO lo. colo ol • i-ilui i^lo •I • OK i^lo inli-i inic? t\ il SI IDio o|o 'I' col • lor. ir>|° col • f^, tOtr^ CO|i-l r-l|<0 Dr-t |C7) Sir> S(X} Bo lo loi o !cvj Ico H :)| • if;| • o| « oE « L^B < llrH C0|0 I3>l0 t-l|0 r-;lC It ICJl tolo Cm|o tnjo •I • s°. in 8r« fHlfO r-IICM rHlf-1 O !0 O !0 lin Ico |o> olo mlo inio cl!c> i-ijo cole? H •-ilo lo IcM lo lin hn CMlr-l li-l lio >l • ol • cvil • r-l « ■>|CM .Hlin CO CVJ CO lin loj If It Ico It-t [t I Sjt-I toliH lOlfH llO r-llO r--|r-i t[0 I I I •I • si o »\ • qI • «l • •) • el a I I j RIO r-lo colo t)o l«|0 lOlo cvj|o I Ioi Htn t It • p"! « O 0O|C\J IS 'I' tico g>jt cvjIco o lo o lo r-lo CO jo t! • r-4|CM in|o cnio .-ijo js is ol • cl • >j|0 r-l|0 nlco lin dI « col . \j|cO CJ>|i-l 3 jo ojo >n ^1-3 4 . 00 I in in GO ip-t P. s \ % % % % % % % I I 5i !l 3l % % vcjo ' M C -g g d5 d§ sINs *a d2 sE .H2 II g I I I II gtljl? gilt? iJ! :|i !|! S>iiH ^rH 5lr3 1 1 g olo I SKA ^1^ II I g lit g I I (Hlt^ col u>lcM ir^tr\ oj*^ Slc^v tMJcA r-i1c>< d5 ^2 ^M ^°* ltr\ IC'4 l< ,Mli<^ i-llt^ •-t\ot r^l O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O OO Op sl? °r °r d^ f-l o ?^ to I o r-l O rH O ^ iH O CO iH c~\ o O 1 rH CM JL •-< ^ |5 OO OO rH \0 CO t^ fe & ] O I O I rH O rH CH CH fe 1 o 1 o 1 O CM ir\ r^ rH c^ <«^ c^ cr\rH ir\ 1 •-< 1 r-l J.-- .ifi 7 •»> o »i a o m | 04 c^e^ Olo Ol o ^SP O t>. i^ t-a trv lf\ 1-f S S 4S ■!>« OO f' 1 « -o g 00 c •«* J3 e s> o * o\ UN Si s ^j^ IS „j» J^ ^1^ 1^ |o4 chIm cvjcJ rv|rt r\A R. '5\0 "BNO 1 O I O "^ "BNO I ?!^ ■?>irN I ^ J-CTNJ-^ UNCn tv,UN Ij G8 ] It. •f 1 o c a _ ^i o Ti a o n) i-i a E- a o rt CO .. ° CQ ^b c 1 s > CIpH OO OO OII.-I c»\ *H e •H i. S •• »• b » n rt 0. ^ o m S *> IH II g «^ o s a 0) ■¥> p> B o tJ 1 =H 4* S a o o ■H Ol %4 1 c s ^ K t. O O Uh d ^ o 1(3 ^ « Ci, ' ,. .° " d 0) « 155 o(e- h « ji c o •H 1 -t* (d ■^ w s^ W 51 igj «j ^1 SI ^ ^1 ^1 5j 51 gj s| ^ q g{ 5| cg| cg| cAj jrH «8j|rH J^rH S|d 5jlo C^CM -3; o ir\ I o I o I o C^CM r-1 CM OO O t^C^ i-A 9 ^ CM r-l 1 oi i-l -o E =s. "^ q sq S! ^i jq 0^ ^ S| ^ 51 ^1 ^ ^ «j SI SI ■i ^1 ^1 r4i ^1 61 oi oi oi ^j c^ «Aj ^i cAj c^i oi 111 111 IS Ijh ir, l \n irs ir> us I o I o I o ^N«^ f*^ o c'\ o I o I O CM c^ 1 O I O \R \R rt ) r-t O (-1 I-l r-t OO «-t I f-i % r-t I rH I O JL 2 ' ^ C^O r-l Cr\ >R SO t^ uS vr\ »H O C\ C^ :Ji 10 (•-•! 1 ,:S:i o " 45 ^ g« s-s^n O a rH a .. •?. a «>. C .. .. o s^ c c-l o o r-( 2 ;5 ^ iH ^ t. a iH h O s. 9 1 01 1 c^ o o cc c^ c o o m •ti c e 3 +» M +» n c o o ^ i-i i4 t. e ^ ^ 0) o 'S, ^o« r-! Sr\ X CM o W -Ji «; " ffi -o " 1 tiD C 4* •ri x> 1 c o •H *> III +» w 3 2 § ■»» to C^ CM Jtl \o\ trJ vol jo J^lH f-l|ci "cSJ.H r^\:t f^ ilO _ IP* I I jt\ir\ olo 1 1 I I vol e OOl • ill C4|ir\ cm)m> I ! ^B ?jp ^F. #. J '^ c^Ut cm|<<\ cmJ:^ C4]:t < ^ I II o|o ooj CmI col UN vol C^ Oi ^i ^i cA] Or^l 0( I O I I I I I u>| IM I I I UNO III II I •] • oil II II III O O III ill Ico jcs lir\ r-)CM U>|cM dir\ los 3- i-lluv O O olo olo OJO OSO olo CM olo o volo co|o C»>|cM O CiO i-o ir\ X a •*> (0 «, i 2 1 » (. +» W ?^ ^ ^ I I o| c^ o| ol si §1 si 3J0 1 1 I J^ J^ J^ o|^ of^ J^ Jp of? :±|iH r-ljO P-SJO CMJO (n|o cSjo 3^|^^ VD|i-« SI olo 010 010 olo oio 03 jo i4 o |o\ P^JrH ^M \oJm 1^ \as |V\ Ibn [cn OjW ?S|W C>i|f-) C^CN! C"s(r\ c^-it oo|j- ostt ooIj- ^ ^ tJs J^ ^ t^o ooo vco jj-c^ r-l r-> CM CM »-« ION cjjr? «S|cJ Ml* SjeA cmJcA « c •=: ^ t< 3 :IP Ol col crj CmI s! 5l i i i M. oko ^l<^ ■![ . col . CM] • T3l • cmI . cmI • ?!)l > J C^ CMla- eS|C^ CM|c^ CMJC^ cm(c^ cm|c»\ olo olo olo olo olo CM cg|o dc o J' c>|c rtllf\ l-lj • ^ s t?N fe s^ -3; "8 p^ CO CO oo I3S ir\ ir\ I o I ir> 1 o i-l iH C<\ C^ IH c^ ^ Vfv 1 o 1 U% CM O CM CC^ 1 r-4 1 ^^ • •y .■4 13 o o >» a >y IH -H i-f d -P Hi C o> C a 0) IH T3 S o m rH n E-i to o •rt w „ "^ « c c & C M o ^ ;:jf <« ,, l^ C^ t !•■ a s. $ a a +-- B 1^ I-l d > C. -H 1 :) tr ^ CO j C'\ o c o as v> c c^ c 3 r> -!^ .^ *• => ^ O o id (^ oj i. c .*,. i" D O ,0 •« o. cfl ^ ^^' ^^ U\ N! :>; a*^ t' O 'C 5 00 C -ii crs S~ O ■Ji ^ i t. += Ui •s IS!j MJ OO O] SI "pj S] oj r-JJ "^itj .r^j o! o'l o, o| vj;| oj o| o| o'l d| oJ I i -31 3 I 5i i i| 3| i| 5| ii ojo W^ lev ojo cA|o ! !?|d ^"Id irjd |u-\ ic^ lo is- po oh 4" J°^ j#, ^R ojo r-lJO C>^0 i-l|c^ I o oo c^ CM|0 O^C I! if S i )tf\ Ko l«<^ oo s^ »-ilo _J^^ u^d U!- r\!!>l S].-! loo Olf) CMid ^ jo O loo CM o o Ojo ojo Ojo olo vrk-i tJo t-J^ coLn ^Js i^d cr = c^ » -S-l^ colrj <^ o o^jt'^ CMjf) «>|}sD '"•I'-' gp gp sP' ^fi 4^. -p. J-^ # «E ^ e^.|if\ rfjl^ r*]'i-\ Ci\i-i SOJ'y^ VO(<^ U>JCM IT^rM i-l(\0 \OlC^ 1 o C2 O I in CO <-l ^ o 1 <-! o « O 'O t^ t^ CO U-, \t in if\ if\ iTv ir\ I o I in I o ! I m c* r-. I CM 'o • 2 ^r, p CM f ~ wjc^ vr)C^ \d0 VOCM (Hin *N\0 rHin CMSO s ^ s a 5> a k i i i # I o vo o >H Ln vo o CM VD 0\k 6> >< PS t V 1 i' §^ . o .. . .. .. t-i h «> (t fO -O _ ■tj O ^ g S-. « "o G •r. W a 0« »« ** " CQ Ik. r; .. „ o «4 <^ §S s 'T'J =K p^ ^ 1-1 ■^ t. E 0) &. «H ^ O u i*- n O" " •• «!> o s c in v4 o f> « ■»» c c 3 •>» M ^ 0> s o r-l J! a! t ^ ^ ^ 0) o =a vs o oo f! ir\ K « o la +? « O -0,0 1 60 C -S' m |j o o O M <6 « e -f» a od -1 C E-. U x> ^ ■H .\3 ,i5 U) o § o t, w € rs. OS \R I si S| c^J ^ 51 S| gj ^ o| c5| c?| o| o| dl ihI ^ _JS i-jo ^I<-1 >-t!o olp^ o!r^ i-i|d :*|d fijcj d|d onJo oo|d ko |l-! |r-« cm|o J-|>-i r\<-i |t^ i^ _ f^ I'-' l''^ <^ ol « <0|s^ ol« «>»! • cnl • ol • c>SKo tvJiH \o|i-l Ci\:t f*v* Jfl<» voIm p:}!*^ '^[^ ??!*'' l.Ni(^ i;j «^ • tvpl- ciSI . col • <-il • ir{ • »~)lir\ i/ievi •r^\ir\ c^iH oo|c<\ thISd It-^ lo tJ- |ir\ JON (so &■ Im 1?% lo\ loo lo oPo oo o trsl ^ • fi , tf'j • «^iN oo|.t^ \oIir\ (n|i-i o cojo vojo OS ooj • <»|"^ MO wji-i S|iA Siei t^^tcl S|rJ Ollr-C rH|o olo olo Olo w|o O 0\lr-) d j:^id wjr-l vOpi l>Jo" i/jd i/>jd «>S|o ^ J^ J^ J^ .op of? ■?^|f^ ' £^ >> in S ^ "^^ « I 1 ) i ir, 1 \o VO t ?3" CT\ r-l VO us vD ir> CM \a •-O 1 r^OO w Lr\ CM UN 1 r-l 1 1-^ I i-i 1 1-1 ■-e CM J CM us eg ixs cm its <-t I cH I N ffi !»^ 2 3 -< +• H i 1 ., " •o i-1 f- « id •-) t) V O -rt 43 o n r-; n. H m o f. »< i? .. '^. la R. § e^ o K O r^ H ••-; -» E H , S fe o a. b © It ft ■»» c J3- O f rHl 10 II 3 o* c^ « o u 31 fi Cf\ .-fl O U M ^J C 3 .:J +> S o id s It C =r4 s ^ td o ^E so o OO »-« ir. M •H 3 o » e X «? fc. o (/> +> a a) ^ a E- »< o jO M c ■H +» a) +> J/5 1 i u +> 1 s "^ \^ )S^ 0\ f4 «1 m| *4^ ^d^o J^ "P, -^fi ^^' "J° olc cSIO r-l|0 ] vdI t»J o| o| oj oj o| o| o| o| !|' '\' t dS" t«|". s| J^ J"^ J^ cop? oi^? of^ J? J^ cs^p u4^, § C-^i-( M|f-, fHjCM ^|rM Co]'-* )i-l 0O|CM rt rijcvi r-^^*^ oxjcg tjljj f)\ir\ co]r-! r4lr\ rHJc-^ r-ljcj esi\a \ I wlir\ ir^f-i lo ko [CO I IcM lt.-s (to IP Kn lo iirv lo v^l " ONJo ^J5''l «-4c^ 0|* f>l«-"^ c-tr inB^ f-fbo cmIct. i-So olfj .nko r^lW !-f4c?\ «'^tr\ >.jO i-HJC l;^ r4\a ¥\|rt ^llM l'^»4 U^w I a^E^ mJco rajso c>J'?^ cojcM t^jo bh|i-? oi|r4 p5|r-i ja-|c'^ I JR ^p. ^p ^P sh cop. c^ c=l^ coP. J^ I w|M ^^|u^ cola- -SJc^. f-s|uN .3-|« r4<^ f-|c^. ^o|ci^ vd|ca c>40coo cot**o^. \c R f;^ f;^ 1 li^ 1 I UN Vi* c-» c^» ^■* CM O cm|o 1-1 » UN C>|cM IS IS S>|cM 5|lH IrH 10 ICM o\ 1 ki£ V. .. ..1 •o 1 « Isas r eg o o " n Nn c <^ o fi t-'. z o t-l n .. .. r-1 ^ fe >H Oi s: t. O ft a 1 '^ 1 1 « c^ o u sa 1 s .. ..! a -T* •p o B o j t> S ■»» 3p M o •• •• l-t £ s B S ^ f, O ffl £i§£ o w d « B cJ -ri a E- t. e ^ z c o •H *» dJ +» OT 1 e •P ! )S ^ 3l % 11 :1 ^i -8 % '\ i '\ i i i 'I 'I 'I ON u^ oolo l-t c^ •» u oo o (I1 iH O o O o M ^ ?. 5 -3; & tR S ^ oo ^ S^ iR ir\ \R v^^ I o vo o A^ 4 . 1 i/\ Jvtf? OSCVJ 1 o 1 o VO CM r-ie>~ C^ p-l c\ J3- 1 ft 1 (-1 t rH 1 »-i i 1 ^ .' -^ 1 rH 1 rt 1 l-l &^ {^ oo UN lf\ IT. ><^ 1 o 1 o 1 O 1 o 1 O 1 o J- o ^Pl c^ ■ jr. rH C^ CM cr\ ^ ^5 X7 3 5 ♦» 63 PC J W Ol o S. -P 1 o C si X «i (fl tH ^ S •i O ^ O. o m f-1 o. 7< a o ■H to Cl CD et, cr S «n g;^ g sig H p t. \B ) cS ' 1 S) s^ ra ^ o o O W ."I OE O *j| B <« -H OJE- ^ C o •ri •P aJ •f> t/5 e S s i b +> V) S V3 CO iH n n f o g ii ft I it I ] g ir>|o ill I ! I ill ,j, ^^ .1. .i. .1. II 11 oojo Ji^ J^ «|? J^ c!^ of^ o>||ir\ p~^ir\ 15? ^ 'I' 'I' fvjcM cojcg a I ill T T ojo OBO olo -!|0 C*|0 olo o!o olo olo ca oo[o (i °r °h °l o o o olo olo olo o T ^ 1° Of 4^ JS .1 S|vO ' I cjj^ 1 1 (N|e-4 [ f^ ^ ^ 1 O 1 if\ «^o \C o •-1 1^ N lf\ 1 5-1 1 •-' 1 cM ff\ O ^\ I t^ o «~: o . -^ *^ I rH I (H 5 I o I o ! ;r\ I o \0 O P^O ON r-l <^p\ I -( ^ I O I o Ol c^ aor-\ I rH 1 i-< a g o ^ ^ .^ G 18 Cu 4» 1 £ g^ o „ i-t % m ^•3S8 o n iH O H at o wt Ui o „ 1 PO Ik. e o c^ c o •H w l-t e ■H -g i. e r* o. O i. 0) CO a .. .. CO S J- •♦» IH o § 1 U) « c^ o C3 B3 B •H *• "• 00 rN •»» o c o 3 +> +> a c M o r-l .. 11 <5 a; 1 ^ " <4 o S o. \c o o o •H ITN X a, t, O 5^ H S a il g 1 1 g III 1 1 • ill ill UNO ill 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 I T T ^° T T T T Csjol SIm irJfH KjcM as|« OsJcM 0>|cM ^CM SIiH (>^C4 "ff^iH vojiH !|l l|l ill i|l !|! !|j l|! iir> Ko |c^ |K> lo ys\ BO uS«-t c^iIm t-Ji/N ir\Ko irKo ool • ool • ool • c^la- mUs- «^Ui' CMp. «sl . olo ih|o cm|o I *|o I JR >R ^ ^ S S -3^ CM CM O iH «M CM ^ U^ ITS u^ ITN ^ ^ lUNio lO iir\ lo lo lO 0OC>^0OC«^ ITMH <^CM t~^»^ CMC^ 0\jH J o C^ r< CM j:J- o^ ON o t^ •ff. * I U> I \t\ \r\ \r\ \r\ \r\ o I o I o I o I u^ I o o <5r\r^o t^c^vjjj*- oo C^»Hirv CM r< iHiHC'\ iH I iH I fH I rH I iH I >-• .H CM t<\ J- ir\ 1 C 19 6- i^ CO ce 05 >< « tl; Cd S- S E- »-< a M S ^ 55 J » e m u oi o -< o ^ o w * 6 S (/> H S- I/l £-. :54 3 M &> •X ! .. V. ts .-1 ? c _ ♦S-oS fi o Bi p-t 53 t> a o n "H W 1 .°.....j (D fe. f <=! o c^. ^ C I-I O p< •rt ^ rt a rt b a « p< o u e. z M a 4^ iH ^ i. US VI g 2J S c<\ o o S G -< to 4'\ 4i 3 C o » 3 •>» ^3 g ^ o o —I ^ i c 1 £ .. J IP °! u 1 " " *■ " ■*o5' •-4 UN X Cvl O M +» 0) » -c^ 1 60 C *■• B t C O •r4 ffi C U> o £ s git o w ■p e 4 vi e E- &. ^ 1 c o -r^ jas luN ju-v lii- N \o(i4 S>jr5 irJiH trSj-» ir^i-i S ^ \^ ^ iJ'^ irJ% '^^ 1^ crj° "SjcS o>|e3 coIm KJw ^iH •=4|c5 tv|i4 tv|c^ • > < n §1' cijo olo CIO olo •I' .ll ?ll olo olo u\ lr\ _. -. "!?> I o 1 ir> t o oo o jr ;s- ON o O! 4-1 O C»l I — i I «H 1 iH r-l '^. m %h ^m d- ola- coVa- if^uN o ojo I [ I evS 'I- ^d I 1^ ^)UN ■-I Nol-H i-ljc I o Cn5 J CM CM iH #H 8 O p-fl O ii-=S CM ^ ^ \?. \X> r^ »-• o C 20 6- >> _ o a: o tt CC ►• a u t~ a e- t-H c u •< ^ •H ^ S 5 M ■< u § g t" o o -< g w » b< Q O § in u >- ^ =3:3 3 § t. *> 1 e C d ! 0. • 2 . V. ^ » t-< > n ^ $-5^% ^S'3'' w^ W5 Q ffi C b. o ^ 1 B *H »n 1 <-l e ° i u e. o » a H-» C o <■» « t 0. ^1 J- 3 o cr VI /» <^ o CJ » c .. .. »< t^ o n ?.• *• <= e ; 3 *• •^ 1 += X " -< i) ! «> K t< • I c .. .. ^ 1 1 ^ i d o i. .. .. .. .. \o r. oo rH U^ K -^ u , U •t' s » -co 1 DO C -*:> 0] ^ o « c ■f e C) .K C3 E-. ts O £ sz c o *K +• at ♦^ W . s i o I. ■H W g ?^ Sj g| ^ 81 £1 it] SI « ^1 g| -S] ?^ ^1 ol d| dj ihI d| Jg jS j ih|cA "RJcj \c|.4 >S!j • ol o 4 t~>jCM COjCS 0>4l« 1 ijR ^ i ! iH iH i5 vijO fe O o t^ ir\ t^ I ir\ I CO o \o J- i^ f^ 1 o o t^ Ai u\c^ ir\jt t^ 1 9 B a a) ^ ^ 6 o m t-i c. E- ffl o •H 01 o oa Ce. B t^ o s c o ■H ^ ^ ^ i-S ^ ID Q. 1 1?-1 e^ 9 w a p\ o o o m 5 p-> o o +r c 3 •!■» ■«-( +» il^ s o o r-) 1) g z » B g? ^ gj o ^S. >o O oo d ir\ >< CM o w •>» !lS « -OX." i 60 C *» ia &• O O -H d U (L CI X O fc. o m d p «> -p S ai H Q|fr- t. O Z B O ■H •F 4 10 o § s § « h +» Ul 1! 11 1 11 1 3t I =Mr5i D I rJ col I 11 I I mI cg| I I 1 1 'I oi oi 'I '! •! o| o! 'I •! ir>jo ojo ^ -I °l csi o| o| oo OIO olo olo olo O o es|c5 Lr|cl Iot-t ISO OpIM 1 ji-ro UNO Jlo 0|0 cr\|0 r-l|o oi^ or? ^I'C crj \t\A i^\^ 3|cA rt|d « I I t-i|irs colo loo I tKIt^ cmJvo co|'-t ?^ d^ sj^ SMJd- MlC^ r<(lH "^ rJ O ° "^ I cAjo I cAjo 1 Jtvt-H t-Xm tJo p^jo ^|o m|o |c-\ loo In Ic^ -R H*^ ^h °n CO|(N CM|CM »-l|r-4 »-'|0 tt ur IP l''^ c'"\r» oi ■> conx t^ • r-l (-1 lO ](r\io loio lo (o O O CT^a- t^O lf\c^ ONfNVOO '^jS- ^ TK I O I lf^ S VO O O 1^1 vb o I i-l I r-l G 22 •^ CO -o r, £ ^ • U E- S< i--- 1-1 a 2 M § E ^:3 2 e; i ^ I °l <°l <^l j-l enJ !^ •HJ dj d| ICTs l!-* |u^ c^ col • cJ • ir^^ i-i|o cM|o I I I t^JoN ) I I T Sj^ T fcjoo ffJt^^ osJS. wlcn r-ij-X evJlt^ i-j|o ihIo i-IIO (mIo P^r lis 'I OQ CO I o I o O 1-4 c^ o 1 ? ?i. »-i o o olo olo oOo oio cm 10 • ^=|d Olid iH d so >< -« g 1 \o S£t ^ ^^ i^S CO mJcm * _lfs Si' » • CO OS 1 00 00 I 1-1 > t-i us rr\ {r-J«r\ 0:1 TCil • ^1 ir. flJUs §1° ^F: OS CO rr\ -l I r-l I o I "s i SC r-i tr\i I i-« I I M I CM jj- rH CM <-< r-l jj cm e^ CO <^\ t^ o 00 so c^ I IfS so r* l-t OS a 2U 1 1 di u ■B a> r-i i> a _ ^s-ssg O u r4 O E~ a o •^ w .. ^ fa u. fia <,. .. C • ■• c^ s ^1 o 3 s •H •.H »-l B ^ B m 0, (^ !!< C3 C c e J* 1 r o O hH 13 1=' l<° c: o g J5 e ■»» en c o o o 3 +• '^ +> » g u; o u rt si :! 1? 0) o iS, >£> o OO ^t(r s^ «d 9 43 1 t« B -«> 19 li O » Si S,2 C U3 ^^ R ^ \c en ir> |°l I n II ^J ^ o| o| o) o| rJo ^1 C3 o i-«|o rH|0 1 rH|0 f^O iirv ojcj olcM Ko o co|o t~>|o cmJo ?:B ?:p ^^ d^ ill .-i|* rt|CM r-)|iH lH| olo tl • oo|o u>jo u-^o I J-|o ^ ^ j«^ "!^ ol^ e»^0 ITljO rHjO a3|SJlfN c^ijo olcM olo olo olo olo olo olo olo olo olo olo olo <^c as" OjrH Csljcsl oj^ CO J-ji-l €r4r-i csltS *N0 OjO oojo f^o j:^|o eyjcJ pJjd cljo «s(o len o^lt^ KKo "S|ir\ o>jt^ u^l* ^^ sj^ J^ ■H|ir\ filifN ooVa- S CM r-lJO CMjrH to |U^ JCM jo ^|r^ cMjf-( ?4|.H cmJcm lo jO ION lO ?\n 5JCM "^cA 3|i 3 (TN J- CO S *^ l>. ft. D Jl- CIS fS U>jrH tJ,H CoIcM r^\£ flojiH ojf-l ■d\o ^\<5 fijo >^ld void lAjd K^ |cn |oo ION |u^ itf\ olr-i ItH c^Jij- olcn Mien olcn •I • vol • 0| • tsJ • l » ol • jS-|o cmI^H r*\st- t-i\t^ i-l|co rtla- «v|c3 oo^o RjiA iv}»^ tvjiA lr(^ lio ifj^ P^"^ loo loo joo ?C S^ ^s III^ ^p ^ en i-H fi^ fe ITS f?; fiS fiv ^ 1 ir\ t a o I o 1 O 1 O tr»o Sf Oi CO en wj CM So J- o «-« o 1 i-« 1 <-H 1 1 H 1 iH 1 iH ?J s OO CO VO VO ir\ US OS OS I o I o I o I t~.«n oocn vo IrH IfH IrH liH IrH IfH \o en ^ ir\ OS ir\ i?\ us I o I iA I o I vo o oojt t-»en o *' — Tr\ (-4 M I iH I CM ^ . &> G 25 •» Q ■< .-^ '•4 J » C CQ U C« O ■* y -- «> E- ■« OS "^ t- -i^ 1 « S di a. » SE .. ^ .. „ *0 ills. o a !^ O. HBO '^ M Ci .. „ ~ " tn 6. c. o c^ S f-l O © — i a: :3^ rH S S; o t=! 2; « o « a*> (c a e ^' rA J*- Sl c ^g • c\ o g s SI FN ■e O c O «> 3 ■!* v< +> s iKi O o cH 1 oj S 1 E ^ <6 Ci ^,^° r^ l/N X "0^ 1 M C *» os.cc si i£ O U) •afo ■f 9 aJ ^ o i;-« «• « ^ z 2 ^ ♦= 4S (/} S 1 ••3 w « c< <»^. <^ >R ?| «1 _^l ^i ol Sj 51 fJ oj -q oj °| ^ >^ ^ ?i| °i( o! ^5) ,^1 -ril rtj rtl ^1 <-'Je^ e^Ko 0|U^ t-iKM o!« ifi« clo «>ili> f^lCN »-(l*< Jj-h-O F^l'N 1 • Ml M » M " S]ri I o i rH I <-« I t-« I l-« I rH cno o SI I C 2g :i E3 P a '-- E- t-1 g „ «< J -^ w s s «» ife« d 1 ^ • a: u .. ^ f> O -H & O ■ .tH O, !- ■ O wl M ca CO fc c^ c o o s sS .. .. 3^ r^ fH «l O li. " " O 4> 1^ s ^ 9 ir\ i iS 5 e\ ■ o •»» o c « 3 *» •rt 4= »« g U ^ ^ t. ! § g 1? 4 o «. ^ .. .. ....% ^F f-t ir\ M CM o U vT 1 » c ■»» V (. o « 3 J S£ o w « o ® «5 C) &■ fa 9 ^ c o +> a) ♦» M o i 2 § s (. +» to -i" ':' ^ <^ .a- VD rH <'^ iH ^ g I n -I =rsi si ^1 si i\ II II % !i fi •■I si 5| i i !| 2| il si icici ill iji all i/>ra \o[o irJa «>jjo irJo u>j3 iji pJo I voio i|i ili oio- T '!' T ^|o' oio- ^!o* ^|o- ,4|o- cilo* T ^io- °r ojo* T T J^ J^ ^^ ^H co^. J^ I? *^!^ J^ SR J^ J7 J? J^ °l^ J^ S]o S|o i-iie5 tHJd wjo mJo w|o ^'rn Rio cRjrH Sjo »h|o cKjo J3jo o6|e5 j^iH !''^ 1 l>^ 1*>! I>0 ijlr^ C'VCD oJo toKo u>fj> ff^e^ III TJ^jfN. J ev(ifN wV* c^^ c>i|ir\ f^JCM jj-jox J^c^ ^Joo CMja- CMf^ cN|\o r-i[e>i cmJ:^- I 0>jiK csloo ooj^ SS^ N4ilo eoS irijpS ooIltn ^Io u>i® mLt »>kD Jt|o i-ileo cmL* ,:-iI^ rtJeM (-IJ-N r-lJCM iH|CM f-(|T^ dJCM C^lTl ] • >: • '•I • aj • ill •] • t*^ • ? . Ill I I J-Jo (r\!|o \o!o j-jo esijo c^o I tvjo vojo p>Jo I S«'^ lu\ ier\ vo ||£M !^ ic^ JiH loo loo ivD 1«^ Ko olio ^lio It^ J€o jco H !iH l|cA dr\ Ji-i lin lO Ll- 13- |0 ItM L± |0\ lO Ld- irg 'c a,K sh oh s& sR 4"^ -sr. <^. «h coK J^. J^ c^ \f)|'^ i-ijiTN cola- e^'-i ihI\o r-ijvo (hJi^ "^Jc^ fH^o oo|j- v^Jc^ u>|m s cr\ iTN H CM «i c»-, 0) -~- aS'~^ <* -■"- ^ a. ■sg «-! Q. r-l 0< « O w 05^ fi s^ BB G 27 ^■ssa sS :■: W E- 3 t- 1-1 C u 5 :5 5i -3 » C g w o) e ^t a j; «> pe. "tR -J 51 ^j >Sj !SJ ^^ ^1 SI ^ Si «| 31 ^1 oj o| o! d\ o| o| o| o| rnl ^| -• c4 a,\ ^j o| ^! H -^1 ,1 d 'll °?| ^1 o! ,-| rni ^1 -!| dj i| ol rn! o| O Ji-So «-i|o »-i| IR 1^ irJin ^c5 mjci ^i|c^ ^ ^1^ q^ ^\'°. <'-^\o S4^^ ■-'t^ t^n-* r-4^ "^'P t~4vD CO C?|J 4> . •3; & JO I o J "^ t •-' 3 o ir\ - '^ (H o o l-S ^ Sn 1 o vo p u\ g ^5 S o u ^ 0) o ^1^ III C 28 UN OO ^ ^1 ?| gj o] oj o) oj ^ J°. oP •H tvjcj ^s4l-l I (vi • sJ*^ Sj"^ t~4«^ <^(ir. S>!ir. p-^iA olo olo olo 8 1 I ofcN ^ H H > €9 r^ o^ 0^ CM ^1 ^1 ^.1 °1 ^ ^ ^.1 ^1 ^ ^ ^ "J ^ ^ ^! ^ o! 1^1 <^! \cpKo «^jc> |t^ fo ?<|::r JS^it ^tir ^Ur i^ld^ •Sh ■JoH ! I >-Il |«4 loo ICJ M& ^0° '>'>M cr>|ir» tvO . rj . « O O t^«^ t-^w NO <^ C*4 O CO rH CM rH I i-l I iH ^1 c 30 ^ ^^ «| J 51 ^ ^ S| ^ g ^j ^i KJ 5a g| js| ^j SI r^j o| o| o| oj ^! r4! o| o| OJ oj ■HJ ol rHj rnj ^| ^1 '! 'I •! i| 'I >\ i| si i| ■■{ i •■{ i ■! ■■] b 4> . i £S£ i u •o « IcH > % ;§ ■? s 1 t> * o •H W o " -r i n h g cT a: §3 ;:iii *• •• •H ^& ^ Ct *. S " o •»» «^ s •M •♦» s :«« O u iH «) S; s£ 5 s IP o «a ^s° iH ir\ i M CM U u +> a t. o • «4 d o • O JS «> b. o Ul «) • • -p e O Je^ C^CTS lH!^<^ ?<^tf\ !^ir> c%d- 'SRjiA rtL> c^i-i oj<^ cyl::r ?>}vo e<>JiA olo olo olo olo olo olo olo oio olo olo olo f-i]o mIo sq JCN oJOV I 7!;U m; i ! VOl'H vclo OilrH t-^ so J- M rH 1-1 rH \f!> I O I o vo o ^ <^ M \R I 1-4 to a 31 CO 5 o ^g UJ £^ •a & E5 ^ ^ ^J5 w oi o 2 E- MS lAiO lO !0 CO iif\iu>«o ".ir\ ot^jir\a3o vOiH o>-< iHir\ CNiHO ON O 0«-*^^ IrH lO ll-» lO 1^ Irt lO JO 1 O J. ITi I o o\ o I O I r^ CO tf\ . _ I o I o I ^.- •0 • Is f^ ■< K^ '1-3 g ^^ ® aj 60 c *» I So o « c w Ps % -\ % i % % % % % i '] i 1 «^o 1 j I irtS I ! I A\c ' I ' cAjo ' I ' irji-1 SirH r-?!ir> o>|«^ S|cl cgjo ?->jo ^\A SjeA |ir\ I lo ] v^I<^ ill ol • 111 col • 1 1 I r>liH B I I CMJirs ir^r-i j olo oo|o ©Joa irHp ill ool . lo lo IrH lo 1 d*^ jic gik sjt f I rt| 1 o t 1^ 3 U\ i O vog F-IO '"^ r.o ■^"^ o 1 iH 1-1 1 1^ A" j^ A^ 1 r-t l-t O u^ CM C»> iH .-1 1 (r\ 1 c^ •H O <3 CD 1 OO O l-t CM o O 1 p> ' CD 1 1 CM KjD O O pv O f-( O O^C3 II O O tqjo 1^ JS^ |s JS c^« o>j« in. ir« OS £.■=•■ W SO CM fil- CO CM VOl»-^ IX^rH ITv II I? lA |I tvty 1-1 CTs oJm OO • P\^ o f-i|cM r^ir\ 1-1 ;o cR O :a- CV) r-( CM . ro . tvl « <^ o c^m c^^ so 9-i olo olo olo ojo ojo olo O CM J- C4l • r-llUN CM |c^ (e^ lo -: '■jh cJ*^ °h o ir>|o r-i|o js-Jo ■*P crJ° ''l^ <-i|iA a^ l:f "Si^ 5|iA |oo I jc> \u\ ooloo ji-leM t^e^ «hIo tvl « vol • ool • col • l-l|CO iH|oO rH|OV dlON oj& fjJ^ •I • -a-l • \o|o i-l|0 lo OLS- ^lo ifT% cblo '^Pt |o L:± •-4I • eMJ*^ oo|vo iri* lo Ivo flO ON js- . ■-lloO J- 1 CM ^ m ir\ OS UN uv tfv T^ lO lo iirv JO iifv lo im r-IC"N J-CA VOCN CTVPN t-^r-i VOrt iHiH «0(HONCMc-4 OV ffv O ON to lO liH lO lO IrH |0 ^ .5- •a » •a O 4> IB H d M ■ f. 33 i I w g E- M C ■< J »H :* ^ +> ^K §§ U 1' 1 ," « ;^ ^ o •o «> .-1 t> 01 „ o m r-i a. 5- n o •rt lO o n Ox c c<^ o o ■H z C i-t O r-1 rt »H ■* B H Sfe o. u o. += c (0 M +» o s dl L. C •H s ^ d o 'a. •••«••«• ^o^ (-4 ir\ M CM o u ■»> ■) « -a 1 tU) C -H a b o « »4 «) o « 3 jC e b o w d • • 1? 5 a &< h o 1 c o •H •♦» 5 t/5 O 1 u ■p w ^ "i?v ?s cAJ »! j\ j\ ^ Jt\ -^ o| ol o| ol °l o| OlO VOllH cslo cmIo voIo '1° did T °N olo '^ j^ ir4° sT- °l^ f?H Cf>Jr-l J-!--! C^OO ~ IN "> .0^ ODI • 01 » rHION v^i • OlJ- vO|l^ Ol#H ir^l • ^t3" \p\ * olo CNC> j-li-1 010 OvJCM U^f-I VJ3|i-t 3-|<'N ir>(»-< C^OO S ^}sO •vcllH SrjoN J^OO ^O c-)lco i« jS-| • P'.'lS vol^ -^1"^ ^o r^ rv|rH CM|C»^ ^|,-l rt|Cvl tH irJS |S o|S ^CM oojo j^lS (vi|d •Hid zr|d •-'Id ci\d 8|5 2'^ d^ sjs uji:; ISs p IS ^P g^ g|5 coj^ UN • ol « j-l • cm! • cMi • viit olo tvjc^ ?ilt^ en|f-« \o|c^ uM*|fH \OW VOO \oO r-tCM '-•'H SrHCM,-ll=* 1 ^. H» C (. 'H §. g 4> O ® +> o ^^ ^1 1:35 to 5 K o W E ^^ . ci e- 3 &« M C M g ::^ ^ +> J p e cq u a o -< o o t" •« <■: w 3= Ik. Q O < a ^ W t- >- h-( ^r^ u +> . \ « c «s a. e z u " ^ » ^ > n 4S'33g o o iH a E- m o •rt (/J .. ?. » Ct, s >. .. o •H <^ g S s s ^ •H ^ • a •H h O • c f u « t 1-1 1 5^ & Vi ^ „ .. « c> o o as fi «<> o o +> c S •4 ^ a ^ u o J5 § '^ s o +» nj +> M ' ^ " Z § « u ♦» 10 r4 UV ^ SI 51 Sj Sj 55j Sj ^ ^ .rj ^j ai ^ g| .1 OJ oj o| Oj o{ oj rHj o| c5j ol oj oj of ' j 'I si ^1 i i 5| i 4 i i i i i -i ojo ^\o ^io c>io sio a-llo -, °4°. oiP ir« "n •r. "^r^ cmJo iHJo im|o (T^o oJo r^Io oJo r*o Isy iB^ .a-, c^v g|^ J*, ^h iJsH t^O iHjt-J ^Jo ^JO JSO |\0 oojo |»-l lO tot ICM Irt |« f^ loo rt|?'\ r-»JcM ^}.N f^if^ c^f^ o>Jii-( ?>Jr--. «^co coj^ o»\ir\ ^[o vol • ir>l » P iHlO r^lO r"!*^ « ' .1 JM Mje irjc ON r^fc^l f^Bw ?^ o-^gflN rHjCJ ^IW olo olo olo olo tslo oto olo olo olo olo olo olo o!o o!o olo e4|o 1"^ tits itn ast- IC r^|W M Cirt U>p9 a3JC <^|o ir^o ir-S I i-l ^39 >s S \?. r^CM UNO f^O VOS voc^<-«o VO U> (NO I rt I .-» a a) +» d 36 «< o t/l OS CM M CQ W C< O "< a ^ " 1 '♦' 1 ^ a a. o •o • rH > « „ t-i n o 'H[/> .. ° tn Oh g o •H s gs s^ " " 1-1 ^ s o a (. a> n o. +» c o • ^ M M 9 s O B c e^ o a t> ••» g J ■H +> M g O ^ :S u « s £ ^ o ?. '%i ■H u^ M ^ s +» s • ^ 1 tlO B -«> M t. O t> Si 8^ O V5 0) e e +> e -rl O 6- (. « ^ 1 e o •n ♦» ^ M o ^ § a> t. +> to ?? 7^ 0\ r-l a ^1 ^1 51 fHl o| C>j A\ 5| i| 2| !| 'I d 3l o-l Sl i| 2| sAjo oo|o d*^ H-P STt i-l|rH oO|tH i-ll<^ oojos i-lloN €>l|c4 olo olo olo olo O lo OlO OlO I ! oolo oJM ill "A'* j^jo I tAjo sB s|5 §|l ^15 f I sg CM1^o olo c^o c^c? S>|rH C>l|rH «5|o if|o ff> ^ 1 o 1 o o o so C^ CM O 1 iH 1 (-1 OO ^ YR tR 1 O 1 o 1 ir> 1 o 1 o VO 0^ r-l O t^ c^-^ A-^ ) r-t 1 o J- d o i G 37 o •p B ^ 5^ 0. o thn b » M » n o W (4 .. .... .. eo Be. g c-\ g a o H ^ 1 1. .. i 1 1 s •-) S^ S ! (/I 3 ? c-\ o o SB 5 0> 3 ■P -H ■«» ixj n c o u 1 ^ ^ ^ ai o s Q. ^S'* r-t ir\ K «M a.. «) e t> 1 bO c -t^ ce s. o ® ■rt d © » O J3 5 B. o w Hi c/1 '6 J 1 ig ^ S « ?; t<-\ R c^ a §! =1 IMI Si 3| g I 'M ^ I ^c »y^ (A|o Sfo J-^c? cojcJ JS> jC^ J^ jSi Ji? ^jS JCJ Sfo Sjo lnr4 ^|o ??|o iHjo sjeJ c^ ^c 3u <-l!r4 VO!c-t CM|j|0 C\0 OOJC <*S!o -J|t^ S|oo •^ so ^ *o OS ir» u> 1 i|S c>lo Ic I wjo ojo i-ljc IS k2 e 1^ S|o cr|s-5 S|o £|c coiit- |ir\ lO rt|w {"^jso COpH No Ka JUS lo lo ol*v, ^ l:r CO ION o OOlcO ^ ?5- OO OO € 1 cv CM x: -p X) € CO O to IM r-l o 1 ?R fe ir\ ^ ^ ^ 1 u\ 1 u-> O o ra ? jt ^ c^ ir> jd- CM t-^o o O r-* C'\ o ■rt 1 o iH ft 1 (. u €4 J, I-l c^ cA 1 OO «> 1 o 1 J 2" i I S r^ I I « I •« W -^ (/J o ai a g^ '■5 U f- W 3 ^ S W p ■H 1 ^:S o " ^ t-t > a ^-SS E o a f-i c E- n c •rt w .o ?. CQ fc f 1= «^ r O ■^ c r-l c s 9 •• ~ r-r ^ p. G' s. a ? " •• *! £ ^ .•H M 1 g ? o- c^ © o o » „ (r\ -1 o -V" B OS •« 3 +» •H M s •a «e o o (C X m u e £ ^ «j o ?. \£) O OO i-i in MC^ o u -»> .. .. ^, ■5 -o " 1 00 B ->> «• i. o © ^ 0) o « O 43 * b.1 O C/7 0) « « +» a d >- o|^ h o ^ c o ^ ■f (d ■»» w 1 •^ t^ +> /; '^ ^ ^ -^.| i^ c5[ o| c| o| o| >.|r-l olc-! "Op^ d|o oSjo -« onIo j-|o oS(o uSJo l\:3- OOjc^ Ti|f-I r4|o f-lf-Xl B :^P. M J^ crJ° )liA 5|«A ih|m 5h|p5 F>iko ^ | if\ ■»> S lf\ J^ 1 o Id 1-1 M rf «M O op" M J\ T< p^ SM ON J° ^'^ 1° HI O «4 OO G 40 APPENDIX H MINERAL AI<[sjrt «>*[tr\ wo !c^ j^^ I'if^ iM ejuN op 53'^ S5j° 2]'^ Nj:^ m|iA S\it\ wr>^ >-il'N fe fe T5^ fe fe f-1 s Sip §3 («i ■ e ";i '^ '^ M 3 § * oe ® ;^ ^ ^1 s * a oQ ,J |«s! iu^ •-si 1 ]a r-ijo rtjo eSJo o] §^ ^ ^ ^ eolo ^<^ colc'^ i-yi c\i^ ^o06-4 "^^eva j^l«^ ^Jc'^ fHiO fiJO fHI(C ^1 0|C4 CO jo &\o oje o]*® o|® J^ oN ^N J^. J^ ol? J' ^«g r^ri Sj^ eJjci rtjo S^ 1 (. K d o o a a. o c> > >> T* ■*» •P -H S „ 1 ? .. .. T5 ' 0> r-i > eo o CD rt a 6- o> c n ■rl t/1 f3 03 fe o C 3 c C o r-i •H fH B r^ r-t c:j kM *= o <« 90 !:< CO p. *s T C O K cn t ^ 0) ;; OJ-H & CO a o a C •H M M n CO +> o C o o o o M c! in t1 CM U d •O H .O » » 3 • » « - 1 ;.u ol H IS! ICO (^ r-cIO CvJo Oi o CO. o OJCD cvio fHlO Oil-* t-ljlO cm|'» D'lo ralo COlLO rl CO o'l CJ io C^J Io CMlO CMIO J9 ^li.o' Olr^ IClCM III olo olo rHlO i-llc:) •I o cl o ^llo rHiO nCM cmScm cclco CvllO 0| o oS • '1' oi oi :«! :•! Io r-!lO cilco O o CmK CT'lCM LfllOO fA • coj o f-;iosJ cvlfo in StH iH Ic, r~.! » a,jin ■"TO iH hr •=1 CO col « CM jo-^ cv e olo olo r^lo rnjc olo ^[o r^!o COlCJl CiJCO iHllf) % C\.1T olo olo olo olo olo olo olo olo rnlo cql is |C rM en ailio col • ojo ^'o d +? +> -H •P C C t CO • o -p r-i a r^ CD CO -H 3 t- E C o d CD O O -J r- 1^^^ g a o J Tt CO ^ ,-! >>+> CO ffl 6 t. C.5 CD E 0) 2 o CO • (E -H g CS J= c,£ ^ = -H -p E 3: (», o -rl E • o d E CD CO a o. c/1 e- 1 >>" >.>>>> CD ^ en X) ^ Xi rH >> 1 ■o r^ 13 -a -o O CO Q> 01 o> N C Nl ro M >.3 >>>. >> r^ rH rS rH t-l S < fc, < < < !'-3 o c +» 1 I. C (d o 0) a 0. o ** m " " " > >5 ■rt +> +> -H o C S o -H a (- r-l «) .. ^ V? .. .. * -a ' " rH > M ClJ rH tJ +> O 'H E O W rH Q, E- m O D. o m b o c o •iH c o E rH r-4 •H J, e a ^ a +> ^ c o to 1 1 w a 3 O' ro o o c «• <• Vi m +> o c u <» 3 ■P •H +» b o w w cd ■o 3- injo CMJO i-S-lM CTi rH o CO lo en lo SrH CD o rHlO CMiO colo IDllO r- « rHlfO Olio colo rHlO rnlo Olio olo (Olo rHio rHlO 4!o' Olo olo rnlo B loo 03 Ir- So col • Jo CoJu3 olo o!o olo olo olo olo olo olo olo olo CB -H rH d CO -H d t, ■H +i » o & to C XI E c o Hi ta o o J CI -p ^ +J to a' E w §r< SI >1-H >» >> l iS >: >> 1 fell < b, «< «t XT. W l-l 3 -p I t, C ci o a) a o. o .. „ „ .. .. •H +> +^ ^ e oca <-^ <-t ^ Cli U W •o fl > 01 Oi fH -O +J O -H B o n .-H O. t" en o a •H CO Q m fc. o R ■z. o c E iH O (. E a CQ t. t. o. v ■^ c o c VI > ^ •H "„" o o X c •H •« •« n en ■H' O C o 3 ■H' V> ii: C o o ,__, o! L, rt c e s 60 s rH d a "1 (0 .. .. » .. .. ft E t. <« f-4 © r-l X! . » s m S 3 • s CO " 1 ^9 Olio olo 3 las inlo ilo* COlO 9l • into oi ICVl MlrH col • •■ • ihIo r»lo ko |CM |o |||CJ r-)|CVJ fHio cojin mjr* ^|i oil « CDJ ft oil ft "TI ^|cD colto inloi coll V in m|u3 inlin o N" r~ 1 Oilr^ ^|o r-4 • <»| • f~-I • fOl ft i-l • col ft ^1 ft oolm c\j|"T CMltj- roltn inlco cvilt cvjI'J- olo olo olo olo olo olc olo olo olo olo olo olo olo I'-i jrH It f^ r-< if^ M !'"• I'' _|oi |>^ K" l'*' ft cofft cmI ft oil ft CT)I ft mj ft f\' ml « ir> • lol • CM r~.|<10 tOICM TlCM tOliH ColrH Tlr-4 COir) mlcH ir)l|r>j iDlr» Tlr. o|in Tir-i ]*£> roito Tl a ^ o K tn (u » E n E > >> c o C C ^ b < ■ -o P4 a fi3 ^ *= 1 b B Oi e » S cu o > >> ^ ■•» ■P tH O C S ^ rH • m ^ i-l T> ■P O .H E o a r-l Ck, 5- 01 o a ■H M Q O) fr. c^ o a •H rH f-H >H iH B iH ■-« O •rt U a a i< a a. ■p JS- c o o w rH Oi > o. 3 CT C«N e o o X B n c~» +> o s o a> 3 •(* •H +» ^ C o o r-\ d C. a c s ■H s ^ m o =S. ^ o iH +» O M «l lf^ o eg u (d •o O (i> +> F-> ~\1 CMI lOI NOI NOl d| dj d' d| dj dj e [JS i?^ IS! p |S> t« unT; nc • CTS » ^ o ool o \o\ * No| ' |m ja-liH olcM IfJiH c^co J-|nd fj« ihIo CsiI« fHlo cjs« oalo cMj.'a- cS|ir\ c^i/N c^irv c«jp:f 04^ ?>Jr ihIon ojo ojo ojo o|o o|o o|o ojo o|o o|o o|o ojo o|o ojo t-Jo CMJO «^o c~4o ol d\d ri\d rtjd r4|d ph| olo olo jhIo rHjd iHlO «-5|d un|cs P^pH su tN|,H c*^t]iH t-r^i-a dCTN fS ^ J8 ^K i o o S rH nl C d O -rl ^ ^ •H 4> » B a E « i» +» x: f. g ^^ .. a oj o g +» O sH B 1 - -O rH -^3 T* * d « ~ N B N •! (. d 31 ^ g 1 •y 1 h c « ' a *> Z 0. o • > s •rl 4? +» -rt o c e « ^ B. «-l rH « <-. d .. ¥. "{l XI • r^ > a •1* o »< 6 E' a o a •rt OT O ca b. o-\ o z § "1 1 s r4 .-C e U t 9 w jd- a +> o C t/3 n w & cn ® O o X c ■H « c^ +> c c o 3 +> +^ s ^<: O ts r-l It h • ri C 2 rf S ;!' « u =a VD O o r-4 -^^0 M I* IfN S '^ d X) e 9 ■V> 1-1 >; o. Q § 05 s b °3 r-l © iH J3 • ^ § 05 S 3 3 S m . 1 CT\ va SI 3 o| SI 51 51 51 IiH In is* irio jcM trjc c5 ^|o cSjCJ J^JO J-1|C? ojc CO o o'o 5|^ ^|<4 ojSij ITt TMliTv OjO c|o 0|0 OjO o)o § 0]0 OJO 0|0 0)0 0|0 0|0 0|0 0|0 t sol ' cHT'-l InJp-1 rt|*-» So I' jlA lO c^ri oj s >?> "!?> >«^ ^ ■Sn ^ ?-7 E fc v5 1 Ih C S o. u > >> •H +> •P i^ S g5g- tr-S U xn ■a ^ > a a) 1-1 T) +> o »< E O (0 r-i D. E- m o n. ■H V5 . 1? .. ~ " m m o a s c c T- 10 •» O 1-1 •H -rf r-l E r-i ■H t, B Q t o m a +> ■ 11 a -H 3 o m .o «« ■P -H ■P m ia a o CJ ■3 c 0) a c 2 a bO s 0) o X a ID O O r1 -P O >< e8 in O CM u (« ■o a • CO oil o oolo> ol • .-il>o "2i coif* injco Ol • CO »)■ olo olo olo olo •I • O I-) rio "CO .-ilo onto col • rHiO 'I "! "^ ""^i ^1 "^1 *! ol ol c^l ol cl Hi 'fj ol inj nl ml *! ol -4! o\ ol ol i^lo cJlo "if, CMlO olin CJ o Pol'T .-flO rHiO lol o ml « csjlin cvjlin IrH Oli-l O I^IO inlcn odIo r-lo *C*r-! r-*|rO Qlo> i-ilco r-ilin colr- ^1 • OpI • CMI • r-il O cvico ^Ir^ inloo tnlio CM H P--I • colua voloi CM C Iro _,lm _|>^ lif) colo °|o ■^lo cnlo oB • *l • *t , •] V I-4IO CMlO r-i!0 i-HlO i'T fw liri (sr t^ CMlr-. r^]^ CM e col o •sfl o col o ^ ^^|ln .-iiio oi|^ oolo •I ° chIo °|o CvjIo colo •] o rHlO TlO •-•I • CM |CM «r Ico ■V] COlr-i CO |r-l f^ 1 CO CO I 9 o|« t] » Tl' olo <-l!in rHl!~- ^^l(~- CM JrH c^ o r- « .-lia) l«3 iHlr-> cnlcM 9U' olo olo olo olo olo olo olo olo olo r~l(0 ol • IO 0) Oj r-t r- ID ». p f-8 f a ^ ■p s c C 0) o « S 0. O > >» ■rf +> +> •r< E o c o. (1) -H a) 4-. .H ..^.v.„ .. " "O 4» O -rt B o n r-i a t< D> o a ■H 10 Q <,. .. m b. O ,c ■z. o •rt c o ■H r-l e i-H o t. E ft t. Q ^ %r C o a Wl 1 > oivH ,3 O to l ■r> |) o CO O O • r-l O colo • ! O •hIo colo •I • olo 00 jo olo r~|o cdIo sE CMlOl CMjfO 01(0 03 lo IT) CO CMW ojjin in] o (OI • U3l « CJlif) cvj|m CMltn |CM jo lo cvj]«j- cow cjI-0- olo olo olo colo vo |oi i-ilr^ t-iltn rHltn mi • C7>j « r-lJiH iHI/H o •H O CD -f* C O H 01 +» -H +s a, ■K* >^ s. • E ^ :£ c o V, • 0) cd o a E" o. > >> >> ^11 H-9 > >1 •H ■*» +> -H a o c o, <« 1-1 Oil oi ol ll '.I |s : cmIo O ■-! (Olo 00 o •jo olo lojo in'o cvjjo olo toIo ir.lo olo •^io fe s Ml mleo cvjjo o>|o» oiltH co!a> col o • olo o!o olo olo olvo ^ « ool • 080 olo olo olo olo °p OJIO ojo wlo 01 • rHl OilO COIC3 CUJCM ^lOJ Cvjj • Jm rfO 00 MlO e a <, • ej • o.ilo cjjo mSo olo *J a oHo CO 10 r^to lin ml o CTilt olo e| • CM Bo r-lm Ci?irH s3 o ID gJ O E- O. ^ XI XI H-10 ■•» I b C 'tf • o Z a. o J. ► >> •^ ♦* _ « -rt » V> r-l «1 I) ., ^. "^ ■o s ■:! > " «! iH -o _ E- «) O O. •H W Q m fc, *\ r! ■w C o r-l r-i r-l t 13 U h n tr J- a 1 t J en 3 C X c C-. a +» c 3 +» ^ +• m b4 c o o r-l «i C IS) s c g ^ d ?. vo cH -P K a) in a '^ d T3 e +» r-l ei 0. ° g yi .. » .. .. .. S i.Jd c^jd <>^d fi irjr< <-id ofo o!o olo 010 t^d oold r-ll ♦ r-ilir\ oojt^ vo'm cAjd c^d vo|d ir>{d W SjSs sli lis bb ^^ k te uJ^- u-J^ J^ ^-P 0! • cm! • CMjo J-tr-J C.JJO VOl I lo U-^ llr\ lirv |r~. TM » 31 • t^c■^ f-ilir. »>Ls- o>tj- rHlt-^ H t^ cgjrl P>(iH Wfrt MpH •k ^ & •3 .5 d r-l U 3: I* ? O -H ^^ i' •0 T) r» .^i'^' .^ at JiM^ » a PC ~3 +> i t. r: ^<2 f^ o c > >> '■•+'_ o c s. e ^ o •^ r-l •h <} W Ui t o 3^5 . g SSE H • O D. »< t/> .. f. . ~ " c ^ P-. ^ .- 5 ■rt g »-l o r^ a r-) ^ 1 ^. c^ a -^' li c 0] c •=1 g c t^. o o ea +» C i> 3 *» ^ i>j ■t^ g o o l-i tS ^ u s •) c .^ s ^ a TJ =a ' vo o o a ^ d •3 o c +> I-: <) a ° 1 w a* t* ••! d5 . c a c:> w 1 ^ *t1 'N iS oj «Ni fj Oj o| o| f4| r-i\ o| r4| a Si ;•! 3 ^ SI fj6 h 1^ •N ck M ^o S]o pjjo oio olo oio ojo <23|0 «>iO r-ilcj (is: |o |c oio olo ^ Ls- so |!jr\ ICO IU.NpH ^Op- Ojt-l '■'I'"' L'So *'*4o e^o f^|o ';^^ gfe d'v t^-^ i-lla- (Nlko ^■^]^-. cH]ir. i'-'C |tf> 1>.'> K fo! • cil • s ■>> o C a; _>, .-0 t'\ 1-1 ll-l CM 1 o • c^|^.'^ CO o c^ C^J«'^ 1 o >?p, CO t-. c'^ cc oo CM" CO V5 CO vo t^ fHJvo rH|CO '3 § t. o V43 o oo O E .-i ^ V) rH eg CO c^^ o ^ i Tl ■o ;? •^r « ct ^ E t^l2 J- o 6 3° §^ &1 j! 1 Oa O •• o« *» so »« • > N •<•♦*-. o c It • '^4 • W fH ^ i( W W ■O • fH > a rf iH -o e* • o S •>H to .. "jj 03 b. «^ o s c o •H r^ c ■-< u O rH S^ •H ^i! .f' S ■• OJ O 4> B N •> 1^ o s^ s O* • r\ 5 o o e> +> c e 3 4» »<: +> s O o IH :! 4 t. c E ^ 14 u =s. "vd' o u i-( ■^»o X «) if\ g « « .-s -I* 1-1 « Q. « 1 M s », <« 1-) <» r-i J3 « e s CO * J _; z pa w ! « o! o] SI a o) ol ^ c" o sa o ^ c5 ir^o oo|o J o be ^ CM O CM CO CM|0 ! H 21 21 51 3 1 j o-l 2] 0-! a ni 2j b js y b J» Sjr4 \S!«H KS^ SH (Ajd k b k b. b k JSJo° ^A Sp ?J- Sp ^U eM'Jo i-iao olo ojo ojo ojo olo ojo ojo ojo olo olo OJO do o j-jo jd-jo j-jt«> jr'Jt^ J^r ^Vo cm! . rt] « 9^ o •1J4- rHJlfN l-^lu^ ts^c^ o ]£l J«> 15J- O i"^ »«M lo rt e^iH jfliN olu> 3 CMllH CM|i-I H'^ ■3^ tt\ I^ »f\ CO ^ ^ f^ ^ A i^ 1 oo J> ►> I ^ <" 1 ■1' -^ S B 1* r5 TJ p c ...J a O OS iH B. ^ m o a 1 ■^ r-!j:d- COJC--1 SN1:J- (-)}::?• C-Jcn p-l|ir-- JCTs los lo\ j.^ |t^ jo jcrv lJII;:^ VfxjP- 13^ j-Jvo t->{ir. t?J:^ fr-JiA !o In U; ko JiT> ]p Ko ON sul • f-JC'-, ^fr4) » +» ■P ^-l C « o CL- e-- fe> & ^ " ^ XI J3 m 'J -o -g fl rS I 11^ -r" 1 b C « m m S, a. o • t,^ ttK O rt • i:-3 ^^ u to ■o • -^•3 „ 4' O «1 g t^ a o O. ■n w ^_ Q CD .. .. b. c^ o ji=: 2 1 <=* [•^ c <^ S!rM w4 •a r-1 iH O •rt b a s I. a a +» ^ c o w o CO +> s « o o r^^ •) u a s s IP «i o =& VO o o K a) u^ t> SM u •t ■o c » ■p l-t •i o. ° 1 w ^ •^ 1, «« M <» rt ^ « *I2 . j ITv C^ S^ SI tCjo S SOJrJ VOJO o . ^ "ii ^! ^ O] r-l, OJ 0| ^! '6\ a a jf>. Jcv "O Kfi Sjo eSjo tSTjo ";^jo |"> JON lUN Ut- ji-)«-» ir|i-< jt-]>-t 3-M cH O C> CO IITN Is-t 1''^ f|0 3^ §1^ 3;^ §lS 'y u>!f-i •1' "Ti "^i '^ "^ *^ J-lj oJ c51 oj o| c>| <^ tS ooj tvj ijr| co! oi oj oj o] oj d| 0-J« u>l< "Njo J-lo T^* tvl» f^O rtjo r^Jo CMJO J*jO VlJO ^ R J? coi^ J? 1^ Sjiv. 3li-5 S]ri ji-i«H c5jo )S|d ifla- -^Uf- col^^^ CMf UW^C Ifi « \P| « CM ^|ON J^| trio Mjp^ -^p* o>1'^ tS^'-' c>^d lAjd irfo iTfld ir^d 3y (^"^ '3>i* Sj:^ i-ll* ^cA cm|on S|<^. »|€^ SjeA J^J cojrt "tSjcM i?ii° ^iiA vdJiA -S'l^ ^^ £}vo S>y S>|:f ir|* c^cA c?J5p ^ti -ala iU s0 ^ ag j^fiA fe » i ^ -Sk s. e^ e CO c c O r^ o o a +^. ra 91 SI C N ■2^ go §■1 a o. ^> •d tJ N H K-15 w n e E- J »< ■< -3 +> ^25 g 5 ■^» 1 %%^ Ot o o > ^> •rt +' _ ♦••HE O = & o hh e «-. iH C^ Si .. ¥. '■.''. " -o « pH !> « O CO rt g. c- to O O. ■rt W « CQ fe e^ o c 2; o »< fi f-i o rH r-l '^ t-l 1-1 O •H t, E s t. rtj : o U3 ■f rH u CT ^. o o c « t^ ■HI o C rj a S ■f ■H ■}* E O O *~* as U C :g g ^ d o a vo o o r-t -FO K a! tf> O o o a Q 3: 3 a •^ (C " 1 S^ ^ ot >! oj ol o| oi oj c! i-HJ o] ^1 f~j osj iP< vol J^l -■'N vol coi t^ vol ooj COI oJ c5j oj oj oi oj o] oj GJ ol ol o| oj It^ \u\ U-\ ko lf~v r^ iS' lt~~ L> oo|r-i O O R C c p-Jo ?>!o c?;jo ^jo Slo Sid 5|d &^c cojd iA|d S\o oo|r ^ llfs lo [no 14: lo I lo |<7\ IC^ |0 J> tl- I-t-. NO |H> 'rf Ico ko JOX Ir-g -H ON > SDl » iH o -^S"! » ol • on! » °Ol • ODI • iN « ol . CTnI « rS ::• ^^^o jojo cMjo c<~Jo c-^r^ mJo (m|o cSIo ^(rH (r^j^^ i-t 4jR |vo c^ jCT\ ur. |'>j vo jcM icj loo ir^Jco c^c vo|<^ — ■" ••■^ j>Jc^ oJtM cj-Joo crvlo voIu^ co|« OM» olo o« irl. li-Ja t-J. ool. i-il« ^^Je»^ i-i;:^- tMti" cgpa- cv'|ir\ cmJun oiIitn c4fs> c^^i3 ^r. ti Id o\|i^ ojf^- u>jvo r^"^ c^ir, pjv* c^tf\ cvltrh OjO o(o ojo j- r-ijo .^s|o C^lo r-ijo oolof (* i-ipi vcjuN Sy i»4-'3 p>Jir\ OjO 0)0 OjO o|o ojo o|a p-Jr « eo! o C'^r^ CMli-l cvj|0 f-ljo Lt>l • UN • KO ju> lc.4 lirv .§|c-°, ?>|c^ IIC o ojo ojc c'(0° crJo rHJc5 I ITS JCO O C^O d cA|d CO b I(T\ f-jd CO o h^»^ fjr-' S^rg c<~JiH jit-M tNcA co|c<^ rtfo ir'lS ?>jcA ^|cA 5|c' 2>ji-!, ig|t4. HJVO -I' 5 1-1 s^ ^ % In 3?^ §5 O r-l & _-r& u c • Ss ^ -?^ Sn ^1 vol (^ ON) r-lj |4| o| c?l oj oj i^ c^l t^ «^ P^j vol \*>1 o| o| o| oj o| o| o| "2| 'C! 'C! ^,1 'tl "?l '^l o| o| oj o| oj o) oj a a 5§ I? iH +» ir* !ti «it^ c<>jo\ cjfv^ c^rH e5^r5 Spjcg f\0 fH(r-l 0310 i!-« le^ \u\ ol o oolffv l• o o ir\ ir\ o HO >CO |(r\ jr-) ION •njo c^o cMJo c-rjo j-JtH i-lJf-( rtJr-4 rH|rt i-ljrt TilJrH -n v«r? coH <4*. vejc^ '2>Jt^ .hJo 050 ^](N C->j[-l .3-) OJ o o e-> to E-1 >. I-H :^g ^•i 1 b C (d •) G ^ 11. o "©>,'* > •p _ Ti -rt B •»» c o< f» ^ O 0> r-f ^ OS "w to w •T3 d rH ■XI _ +5 O ^ S o 05 .-: g. &H B O O. »^ w Q m b. H " •c! ^ Q h o +> J- C o to +> r^ c. (6 g. > c p\ «1 o o BS c ^ • • .. eg v\ •»J o o » += +> CO ii E o o 1-1 p- S 3< c z. ■*H " ^ c3 o o. ^ 3^5^ H l o| oj oi oj »= .1^ -tl' ic^ Ico °^ °?i '^ ^i ^i ^ I ",1 oj A] A] c^l d| o) o| o| 11 ?! 2| 51 S] 'I 21 a op .p # oP J? J? jj . col • cii o j^j D cor; ol • l|r-i -d-|i-l C^iH .*|>-l <'\;0 C^>j^-i OOIM <^CJ tv(cM VO|r-; C^O wjo C^O Vgjl-^ O sri • ^1 • ol '. ^Jl • o] o CJ|U^ CMlSfN CMJirN r^jt^J r-l|cM l-^|c^l cjI:<- c^l.^ ei^y cnJiA MJcA CM o|o . of? J^ cc)|o^, (c'cA oc:>|ji4 jd-|<4 ?^jr5 1^ |i^ p |S jS^ [.^ C^c; «>J[04 C^>(c^ .vSJcN i-t]iH f-)|rH ^"? d^ 1^^ ,.]? cJi ^h M>.0 r-ifviJ - t-1 5(=! is 3 ^ s -< := a ♦» 1 t. c «) a. o •• '^ •• > >> •H ♦» o c ti. » ^ • «-. rH «^ tS CJ w 13 C HIS& o a ri a HBO •H w .. 9. ID b e^ c s •H § •n B >H o U e no ..» u o Q •»» j4- c C^ B « t- +» I-! ^ ^ lli cr c^ !« o o X c •H • D ., 01 <^ ■(^ o n o 3 +> •H +» § i>i O U i-l g) t. ri c a s If •1 o «• •< oa „ ., \o o o l-i JSO K «l l/^ O CM u ■« T3 » « ■P rH Id a ° i (/J s s.«a r-l a <-t ^ • o s» > 3 • S CQ - 1 fe 3| oj o! o) o| oj oj SI 51 51 ^\ o| oj Oo|o rHjO 3]0 »>jr5 .i{F4 SP -SjrH tSfcJ OOjeJ OsjoS 5lr? ^iH UNJ^ U^jiH Sjr5 Jon °o|^ 1:? cvMiA o|ir\ \aS tvjc^ «i^^ 5>jt^ ?Jv» rJJiA c^iA t^y Sj* o IrH so tv0 gcM lO JUN 11^ loO ]ir1 JoO LS" rt C "^ ^n H"i stH # ^P d''" H^ -^h J^ d"^ d^ H^ § " d oSlcM c^ j: 6- c o « r^ & O It A oi -1 Jot ol H-19 •J Q n OS fe a. . O E- to w >- 12 •♦> 1 >< >: c; « O £ cu o e t» (6 ■rt ••= +» •.^ a o c o> O »H ® (II ^■33E o la I-; a 6- B o ■H uO CI CQ 6, er\ o o =H E o .-^ r1 S rl r=-! u ■H !■, 3 a c n Cm ■ta Jl- o U VJ t Hi a > a ^ o C'v " o ffi c •H e« •> cr _y\ ■P c o 3 *» +> u; S o o r-l id ^ c ei c z £ ^ d '"' =E ^-o O o K 0) ITS O CM CO 4 -o +> •H 4 e- a E w ^ (• °«i •-4 O rt J3 o - I vo vo c^ en ol '^1 '"J! "i! '^o'! 'CI '"^l '"^ *^ '^ '^I -^1 Sj f-5| ,h1 c| di o| dj d| d| cdJ dj dl 5i dl t^ Ol Oj v^l UN dl ,41 ,4! d| d| IS i^ IS e i^ CM I •> OOlo «N • op" l-N « rt'O CM)0 tHjO C«>JO C<>jO IS Ic li? K K \c> c«->lr-- cmIc^ tst^ .■So ,^1 . r-t[ , col o >!j.* .:d-Kc> JJ-fii cmI* o|o o{o o|o o|o 0(0 o|o o|o OlO 0|0 0|0 cAjc tirs lo CO IiH ^ co|c~i cojcn J^ ^J^ J^^ ool^ ^[^ tS|j>^ cS'Jcm c^^p^ c'-Joa j3-|cn .^.J jifs iir\ I'jj J^^jo olo if>jo r^|d c*|d cmIo JrliH 3-!r^ "ff-JiH Wjrt rHJiH C-lji-i cJjcM SjcJ C^CM ^\c't cRjcA Lr>l!r (H!ir\ col5o !o t>o rHjoO col IN oola- tvJ o CmT. r-l|a3 iHKO \S CM CO CO CO •;?> ^ » » ^ s^ * « tf. §4 'fe'g ^^ i m ! 0. o • > >> •H -P « r< » <- i-H ^ 4 U (/) •o c ^ > « „ E- « O ■H 0] ca CO b o o X 5 g, <^ •P o 1 s u 3 +> •rt +» o i>l c o o ^ (4 (. « « c z ^ "^ ^ d o ^ „ «, =§. so S^^i^ K 4 u\ a '>' 4 .^ ■•i '-' d a a g CO • a £« <« r-e 0) r-H ^ • O B CQ S3. Z CQ t« j >^ )R >1 o| 6\ o! iM CM| cgi ir* sfii \iij ea] oj oj c5! o| oj a oj 5! 3i 11 51 5J3 v^ 6 vols oojo 5] OjO OJO OJO OJO 0]0 OjO O colo CmSo ONjr-t ?-lj|rt irJo olo colo cmJo ONj-t ?-tS cJjo cmJo mJO it^Jo «^o irj IS jg |s ^e ^|?> .^}s ■fflcA \Sjc4 ■^sA eofcA SjsA Sj:^ d^ ^ d^ sC' sfS #. d^ #, qlS ^j^ d r-lfcs t-tJON HIjCO <»5^ rtl^^ <-ii 0|0 OJO OlO 030 OJO OjO 0(0 OjO u4o oojS jS J- is u^S vcljrf cNM cnSiH •>(lo Jirfo i-llo J*|C3 Jlflc? ^|o ^|d ^|o S -^' ^1^ sg sB dS »B d^ tOjt^ C>^ 0>j«r\ rtjd- C4* ff^ 0>jld- OnJ;3- dl sS d? ^ ds ^- tfl^ S|5 SSil <^v \A Js tf> Sn \« ITt i ^ ■o» t\ '^ "^J "^J ^ ^^ >( of o| o| o| o) ol ^1! oj •I "A "^ ^=! 31 Oj O! 0{ c5( I irjo j^ tojS. ir|3 u^o <^|<^^ "-"I" '*i° J pijo cMjo i-ijr^ c5ic5 ojo m|o j3-|o o|o jo ^o M |o !««.. loo k-. js^ bH ^t^ ^-S--^ Vf.|r4 tvje.* ^t4 ^pH Iir>Jf^ S-jri ^r^ 'H ^2 d§ # d^ ?-M ^R do' )i,i2 sK So it^ rfJ-<3«^ cSlJt^ J-]'^ ^(-« Mjirv c<^y|o3 ;e ojo ojo e-^M voj*^ f^Io ojo ojo ojo i'»\ joo Jfj lo jos io Ion Sco ve|o cW '^S'^ *>|'^ '^b'^ sffllo -■'Jo cnjo r-^jo ^|o ^jo v%cS js^|c5 c^d i^o jcM fo Ji^ !«M jcM jo Jn |ff\ |«rv I.-) leo iirv «h a° 8^;; ^r, ^h J':- J't ^,k ah sf- ^R ^ ^-JJc<^ r<|u> u>JiM ¥>!|».'\ T-^tA o-5:s- "^ csj'^ ^Uf '^t^ oaBt-\ oo|<^ j I c^Joj t>} O W »^ CO ^ tf< 1^ ^ ^ fe ^ S5 m" « £ •p t. VI o ^ m •si f^ m .o ee ^ O Q> C •H t>. >> ^ •a -o at S R a ■SI g:3 Si, p a: I* n 0^ +» o c « 3 ■P -r* s O o olo oJo oio olo OiO o]o .^1 M 4 U> ^ 5<. 1^ 5§ . 5« «» >> I ■3^ ■3x « s a a, ^^ H-23 2; ^ •a: ta E- O 5g' fc -t* 1 «> c •H -S* _ *H r-l t. * M (/> •O m m r-l ^ -O ^■S^B. o «a o a. ^ « to .H Q SI Sb c^ g C o s 1 s F-5 >-) ° ^ o ^ '-' •rt i. E « C Q. 5^ o iS to c. ^ m !» t 1 f^\ o Ci f-( o 3 a cr 9 e^i c o Tt o +» OO .. c 3 ■»: »a« T-; +> o 1-4 S d u o S ■Jj O u "sa° 1-1 4» O X «! Ifs O --M .. " St •o o o •t= r-t 0) Q. « 1 Ul " " sf &l :« 1-1 O Jrt irij.-! voli-i N*[rt t~-l^ i?\<-i c|p\ oo|c^» soJt\ oo|c-» olo olo oje olo ^ jlf\ IcTS I 3 «jo irijo • ] I viilo „ • <•! • »! • • 1 « »! • «MjO (X|0 P^JO I] C^^O Ir^ If-^ FO Ie4 ka ?-i flojc^ t-;iif\ (-j[a- r-ild- J=^ IQ «• 1'=' M t-l I? |0 Ic-l los Ol • ^vj • C«l • Ol . «~J « •-'■Ja- U^ NAJUN tt>J;l- ^CN to I Lf !o L* r-IjCO e-^joN fHlpO r-flfoO ^CO \?. ■#. .5. & \i^ 10 <^ J- S. 4^ Vi -rt +> CEO « a 9 b N N C at d i. t/N %« V« J± ^ ^! a 3 SI k ok Jf^ M J^ •Ij-H \t'i'-* \o'}i-i eJS ojc5 cA|jo so'Jo o^d ffi ■3A s? ve'Jt^ '^]iH ^J(T\ J*||oO J*|JW\ ^r d^ dr sh d^ «r d' «0JIA .^irv -T^l/N I^Jm S^ J?|uN ?S|l ©So ojo olo o|o olo ojo o8o ©|o ojo oSo oSo tvlJcA «slc^ ■afer, ^ gg o +> 3 a iH V ® 3 "H OS W.+» ^ § a a ~ >*> >f^ ■3^ ^ fe ^ jr>. ^ «>» t^ U\ lf\ i Jx J a a, ■o -o ^ o « «) N N a >> Ti *' 0) -rf O «-i r-l *< lU M W " "O ..?■§ <« f-l -H B ■}» O r-1 a o a o o. ^ U (O »-i 1 a 1 (U ^ w c IS +» •*-i e»N 3 o O" o c W c c^ o n o *» c a ■}> ^ ■►» »» iH ol Q. °i Ul ^ tc^ r-i O '-' -2 » o g » 5= 3 • 2 ca w 1 ^ ^1 L'Nl VOj O. I vol r^ij !>>j ^1 voj IvJ rt) ^1 d! -3} r4| . rHJ ,h| ^I r4| ■^ ^J ■=:! m "^ 'Ci ^M --"^4 "^1 '^ °JI ^.! oj o[ oj o| o| o| oj o) o| o| oj oj co! • 1-lJCM PjICM OOlCM cMld olo iO ir-S (co |os - Ut c^ oJlfN olo volo Mils • \p1 « eol » ^1 . c^ « UN Sp^ irtfUN nJvo CMfO CM rJ^ (^ I'-' 1^ p* r^isf ^Lt t~Je^ s^ijd r-i f-4?f i--4r-) I'l'-' LfVoH jo voj^ gJJR ^ko -aj^ M Sjvo Jit>. j-M «^o J ^ *> +» s » F" ^ f-l nf Hi X ^ voiuN «rJeO oils' oirt OOl? rNJ^I iif4o \ioKo ofo^ cH J Z tMp, ^« es|« Ola (H^ <-«l. rNp> f-jj • ool • t>J o vjl • S^ • t^JlJS (-jj.^ «-)IoO CNiJOO ><]cO IM|crs Cvi|CT\ WJON r-lfso <-'|t~-. ^^J5 tH|l>- J^ M J? J^ .x^.- k ol^ J^. J^ sN" J^ M 'OjiA t~s|»ri voltA ^}vo K|iA vi\!iA j-Jlti S|iA oof^o »-)!ao ?^Ko t^ir\ d^ |o Im I jS^ lo 1^ Is A<^ _|^ K^ _ls^' • «-«l • J3-| • Jflt^ r-l • C-JliH cot • cslo SM o ol « «ol . SH"^ sM j»- CM cilH H ' ''io oo! . o o cmI • ir^i-i «lo rjH j|i-fl O-JjeHJ p-CI^N CMJr^ i-^Bc^ IM|^ r-ljJSO e^|?-l ^N]|ff'«3 l>d jr-1 tHj^N ^ "^ ^ ^ S O ■< CO 6- O So 9 >U 1-1 Vi d u CO •o « w d «> •o jS •3 R tf> i SI a 3 SI Oto OjO irHlO J-|||0 \o|)0 lH|)0 fHiO op olo olo oio oio <3|o olo oio ojo o IP =s. ts 5^ 4» O ^- 05 g 1^ us ■^ •3k ^ II ii.27 •■^J \0 j O a-»(|o ^1^ ^>H ^c4 5l;H &i| 55- >s> &; ^ IP H-28 ai (/I o s§ ^§ •I CH XI „ o a 7-« B. =& ^ o X 0) i^ i?? R i:^ J?? i:r ^ a 3 g 3 a a l\ 5] r^i Ho oJo irlo oJo ol|o OJO 0|0 t-JS o)p3 eoR ar|ii-8 iriiS ow on'Lh ooIw wlrt ow ooM o^JrH jtjo tR Js ck ■?» i?> uS iR c^ «^ :| IS 0) ^ -f^ :5S ^ ^ 1^ On O 1?^ t-l trt !-i i-t •>*(] w^ vol Oil of o! 5j 3 2! 1^ J^ Jh 4^ M, ]o ooJiF^ j-i'Jo onJo j-jJo =3; ^ a Sf^ s o ^:3 o o> 4" <» 1 &g:l 0.O • > >> -H +» ^^& V >H • t< i-l <» « .0 " '^. •0 « iH D. H « a ■H 05 .. "S ,. (0 b t<^ 1 c Z ^3 !•.-! «=!'-< ©"rH 3j^ M •"^ ^i «. ^ 1 c m a -1= J- c m M -P ~i h l^ » > a 'th Is <^. 'I* X c (0 5<> ■p c 3 ■P »1 +» a ^ c !-| r*; •X'O^ !^ »f IfN a "^ ^ «12 +• rt est 0. ° i ! '^ °* = nr. <£ € cq » J • «« 1 « 1 t^ v^. ^ j^. U^ JS-j U>] C>>I U>fl t~Jl vo,] 001 -vOf c5j d' dj dj cj dj dj dj of ^^'i vol 1^ 'Hj -^J ";< «oj t^j 00' dj d] dj d| d^ dj d] dj dj o o i»o '^]o "^o olo I trie d oosd djd A'icS cJld ojo j4lj<: 00 cvijd ^1° .^3d irJld 5i- CMJiH Cjj-'-i' f-Jt-! irj^ jvjd ir\ld ^Jd jth ojij=« irjd ir|d vopi c^jp.' ol^i ir^jd cojd vojd cmJco ^*^ ^, ■3^ 55 5 % r-l J) ^ SI ^1 31 dl olc-a & •g-g fl!jo ^^ II j«^ jiH joo j]<^ ||«»\ ]<^. i-( SfcA 5i|«A ^i«A 5|1* \oi|iA tsf.i sSjiA ?o'J»A «?J^ C^ ioo |(h: 9 • se '^ «o^ 3 ^ \e » u +» eHjC^ f-llco ^ lf\ !i ti t^ •> U\ us S s^ rt ^2 S. «^ 3 a • «^ ■y^ a ITN in n 9 7 1 •0 3 t^i CO • (d ri |5 .< S£ H-31 E- 3 •< 3 •♦» ^ 1 Bo 13 ri » • 2: O, o • > »« o ^a o 4^ * «H .^ %< •i Ed OT " "O • 31 o n 'l ^ a O Q. »< t/I a CQ b< »^ O S Z O c ■^ o iH 'H tH .-1 iH a <-J ^ fe 15 &i o o, ^ ^ c O t »1 « o c 3 «> ^ +=> ^ S o o rH 0) d B z g o =& \o O o ^ u « « •o » « +» r-1 d O. ° i (/I ^ ^ °s f-i or l-l .O :x: S ^ 2' ca M ] ^. SI -if 'T^ "q "CI '^ oj o| oj o! oj °?i '^i '^1 o( oj oj oj ;i 3 SI OjO 0(0 ojc fe * "?- fe ^ ^ o! *:i '^ "^ ij o| oj oj r-l It O «4 i^^ ^^ OJO 0|0 OJO 0]C- 0|^3 &|0 OjO OjO Is I y. i^ i^j ^ «o! rS oj oj o| o| o| 6\ 6\ 3 a •CI Iph jo le<^ |o loH O Ic^. lo M (iH o o-«|o cMjo \oic> C^O x>\ci Hc5 inJpS NJcJ Sj'^ ^«A |^ »|o oR ^tf J*-f<^ °^« ;5|^ '°l'^ i"^ trltr^ rtjti ^|tt Sfvfl wjS SjlA rtl* ??lA rtjvo r-ljlA "S^ "Sj^o J^ J^ liR -^H «bF J^ °^ on sK J^ SsSo j-i<^ M* ^("^ '^'v*' "Sa- ^Uf .a-l*^ jF!'?-', iri* B J«s J«r\ |o 13- ION ]ir\ |ir\ L* _|iH |e<^ \o» .■\ ^!|r^ ,0 0~1J* o«: p3 rHjC--. i-j)tv 7-«JON mJ^O sHj-^ r<'jt-» >J^ ■3; ^ ^ )f. »< S ^ ■^ 5 ^ ■>> ■ not. •0 #>|o II? >5^ H-33 ^ ."i ^J ^ '-"J -:i ^ "2! '°J ^4 )[ o) ol o) oj ci o| o| o| SI *;! ni *^ "^! '^ "^i o( oj o| ol Of o? SI ^ S] S] "Ji *:j °?j ^ o; of o| o| !^ oJ*^ 8j ° K* 1^ ^ 1° 1'°' "i' i° Hi!' r* o 3f«5 ^E- vajo iHjc? vffijo «<>io cofo '! p^a s©|e? j cm|o P3 O 3^ o a % )^ o ICjcJ l^rf -iji^ ■Rjw \o\r' wiA ICN je^ jO pJ»-) ITflrt «^*^ uS!'^ irj.-i voie^ criao tSS c\irs j3-Jv» rfL* ojo; o^K JrJo ooK hi}.© c^cn vol. oS^o j1« ooIo coJo £-j« \o| » oo] • ^J » tr« . aol o j3-| • oil* wjd- c>i]j3- e«l^ ?iV* wtr v,l:± ?v!ja- «(* tM^S- |^J^* c^Jpa CiO ill 111 III III cojrm ] I f I I ) 1 II ION loo |ir\ lifN loo Id" l"' d°, ?^^ gh gh ?!*> ssK- ^ «^, . (HJin *-il]»r\ (-4jj3- fHjl^ r^gUX n^lllSS r-i|iirN J-l3fX\ Csi CO C -^V' -JS ^42 d^ u-{c-i ir^t-t c-Y^ "i"" I « joo jSv j UN 1^ _^iS So jrtl J CM Lf P> |S fco Ls- S ^S* I 5>Jif -Sy «H'^ Sl=i° "51=? jmU* '■'V* "i-^ ^'^ "v^ i'w ^"^ vfjiA o ejIS ^o ■*jl=? •-iji^ -JjoO C^IJ;^ ?-l]oO o 3 CQ ■»» ort ■»> 5; § I ^ ♦ CQ » ^ y^ tR u> S. H-34 ^ 3i it Xi to ■^^ N c i ^

      K ■^ ♦* „ ■t» v< a oca iH e-i <« <4 Cd CO •D e ^ m o o. •!* (/I o m 1^ c^ o s;! a: o v< B rH o .H vl 1-J rH a C-J (H O s » a) Ct +> Jl- S o m s t/1 l-l i 1 «^ o c C3 s ■p += :^ B o o CO s-< '" B S i-ljO r-ljo "I # ^-H dg s ..)g ^p J1 .p .p J^ \d3p-i j>-!jc^ I f Sjzf p>!irv "^jriA c^iA o-^iA c<>JiA J ojo ojo ojo olo o|o OK i C^ ICM 11^ JO f-5 vo!«-l OOJHl t^OJ o jitjo lAjo ^-J|o f-l] o O IS; J^ jj sP' Si"^ 5;fl -I CO! a r^ « OOJ « rijCN iHjcO c-^|0^ ^Jo ^jc? irjc irj^ f-iloo p-iic^ o] o i-ll • cm] <> rfjij- >-i|J- »^J»r^ IO DlTi ^ ^ 9 03 n o O -F -P »1 t, B C to 3 ffl a o o g ■? +> W -^= rj oj o; -P <2 o m E ^ £< C o d S o o J •S ■-! 5P S iH 0) B tw -P -H +> a d c 0) ■P g -< B «> O CO 0) a o- E- u ® (l! ^3 >?>f H-36 s^ m o olo olo olo olo ojo oBo olo olo olo olo JsH lA'-* «mJS cirf -*!p8 *>1'^' "'° o ^jo jitjo lAjd irijo j^o as ^5 « COIN'S ooucN «oyf^ ' M^ ??|S S5p Sp IS^ oiliH cmI>-i cmI ri ?^. VOJCN \0(^^ !JA £]«^ ;!& " "B. s? \?v » i?. i^ o e o Cm e • 8 Is ^ % 3 of o] 0} a 31 SI ^1 S c • 11 SI 21 5! 31 a 31 31 31 01 o|o oj© CM 00 .0 ft 00 iriO e-S rf «^o 11 in ojo •II 2 Bi olo oBo oJo olo olo olo 030 olo *Je5 j*jo Ho «A!<: \e* vonifN irflM Sjl:^ «>jje^. "Sjiv. "Sjlei 'Si ojo olo o ■ \o,d cojo j I? p Jg 12^ » !» ol o irfo c-J . a 8<^ jS-\c^ tN«^ J■l|«>^ -H «i O B-i! O^ ^ % ^ f J- « A ^ s^ ^ ?? s & I li ^ H-38 3§ CQ O 4> 1 iSS ..«".. • *:^ III vi f-i ^ d « OT °° -S *° " ^ s llil i" a o e. irt CO _ c> n ». M <», g VI ffN IC § ^ E :-4 , ■i I (74 e O 9 m O. 4= •• «• E Hi s« ls C^ o o B s •H 5 e^ c o 2 u 3 ♦» ■H ■¥> 1 ^ u .. 1 ^ • z! e £ IP g| o 5. "vo o o t-l ■ii'O 8* « l/\ .. ? „ z . « ^-s 0) a, a a ?., ^ ff O Vo ■e 3 s-r cw s (4 <« 1=4 a> ^ ^ 3 « s m =»l^- - j >K 3 £ <^o ^1o olo olo "Sl? cJ^ |i^ ff>J* S-Jj^jS V * £^ fe ^1 %4 E 3 » <3 fc, ^ ir|c S^jtA <^e>J cSjw c<^c« ■pxc? S>|«A ^tA 'iR &X >R t^ ^ W ^.4 W Et 01 5jk >^l H-35 51: g^ i§ 5* ^ e 4> j hSS o. o e ^^ *o^& 0> »4 S ^ i-4 «4i a . "?. " " -S e « o ^ S, b B i-l £>• HBO rt W> a ~ "° PQ lb f '^ e^ a ft s; e, !-l r< ^ r-t 'r< !o S a 1 ^2 a 1 <5^ 1 " 0""* c c B ■w^ K «^ O u 3 *» ^ ■(-•' § !6^ o CJ p^ oa a t. M e g ^ <« u s, VO T3 ej •-9 49 o CS t>< a! •s » tH •p a> Id e Q a w Is ^4 3 Tl ■gl fc4 CU ^ S ri <s d% sfi d^ :^1? exl^ cvijo-v c<|c^ mJ^ oj. olo c/jo cjo op olo ojo oj»-o teo 10 las h^ hS I ^ ■m M> «-«]if\ »-({a- «-t|a- 'TSif ^ '-•! -*■ ifh5# CO|cA ^^l* J^ -f^ B J^ cM oh^ J^ .'5 o>|:S^ col .^ i-ilvo vDj i ^ §1 fei. ^^. H-l+O ■^ a. 'K3 :i fe^ c i a. 9 -^ o « !» >. -1 ■»» +" '^ „ o c e Ci >-l « <« et Ed t/} ■13 e ai •-( > TJ „ o n '9 0« E- • (0 ^ .. *?. CQ *, C^ g C r-l O pH f^ -vH s iH JH ^ i. O s s. u e a t <^ (0 » 03 •? f-l 1 g B .^ 3 r> •'* O Ijo u te 5 «^ o a u ■»» c o a ixi +» 80 c o o 'S s t. o 1 c g ^ :? d I " 1 ........ M3 S^.S' H d tfv O M ^_ H 4 TJ o o ■^ r-t d o. a g w eo C b a • O »-• •g^ 2^ a. • " s , " • "S 1-1 » 1-: ^ t :?!». z pa 1 ^ ! & s ■■^8 "^ "^1 ti *:! ol o] oj o( of vol ts «s ■=»■« *S] oj oj oj of dj uSf^ (^ !« Nfljo' Vo|f wjd Sjd Sfd H(d «hJc ^ ^! oJ(rt ONjo irlo volo cold iHjd M|d djd a |S }j? ?^^ ?^^ ^\a )«f\ JM |L3- ■^ICM {"Jcx rIM fSpo ■^I'O 'Hoo IS if iR fg oto olo o;o ill olo olo ojo ojo oto OjiHI Ois-i °i'^ j^id jtlo ^\6 j-ijr^ -yjti 1^)00 ^Sjoo Sjloo hJco 5 «^d ' ^Jd o!^ «oR oJ^ oi^ feF? |cA ihI;^ joo at>. jleo JO llTv ^j,0 r^i^t^ .rlJl/V iHlvo ^JlTi ^ ^ vo \g s-3 r-4 ff^ UN »f\ U> ■ I ■ «& J* CO ■i ^ ^ ^ ^ C a u 3 b at ■3 e c •-> o ^ >; -H t. 4» O Si; O t. o o 4 5JS a ♦» <0 o b a e ll c j: +> *i '3 O b S^ ^^ §^ II '51 H-Ul I a ^ SI a a IP>J OOi OOI r.J 031 col to oj oj oj of oj o| o 4 p^»5 >^;»^ jrjs-s tfvjt^ E*i|c=a ^lo 4jnji-o -^ho cm|c«> oJsm 4*1=^ I5|* wfen 'Sj* nJ^ S[j* ojo cjo o|o olo HiJO M ^ fe J J ^o acn lo JON le^ isr> *^ los J«-^ is^ lit M i sSi _ 0. o ^^ " • " -^« tt i. 9 a » *-l rH «-. d .. ■?. "^o " -o • Il2| H n o W CO ^^ a CQ l« g .. =» ■iH ■ifS c: ^ o o l-l z "rt r^ a o:> oji rH s. E s ."f o b « m & t o. oo a e •♦» sH ^ i ^ o a -H 3 C ; « o o c ac ° S^S , K oJ «N U >N .. w % o e -f r4 a 0, ° i w f^ T-) • §^ ! II J s 1 »<« i c-< ^ • J? S "o - ' 1 - 1 S! 51 oj oj oj o) 11 % ^1 !?i f ^! si! :i i2 S d§ ^' n >> (. •H • O 4» > *» S & 2 o w o o A 1-4 4 •Mb ojo olo tJS irS c^io j^jo «^o ?A3o (C^ JO jCN rti^ SjiA ^iA. 4'" o|o o|o o|o ojo to Jt-t 1 <^|o jrjo « ^ iR \?> I CO J I ^1?^ H-43 t: 5] 11 tvfS ^K i?Je<> ^jo 00500 o|>^ 9 s O -P IS B\ jR i i 5R * 2^ e. ^ & H.iA •-I 6" ^§ 03 O m ^ 9 w 05 6- 3 §§ § 12 Si _&!: >• !> o e 8. • ® «H •H «« ri Cd (0 ** ■S «• • ^ ^ o 1 o a rt s ^ ■a o S iHio ft •§ "S. -^ o 1^ c-t 4^* M H << ir> « u 04 % » 55 *. s l:S Ho o 1^ s oj o| Of oj SI *:») SI IN «S OJ oj o| V5j I )«>. v^t>~ «r>ils>, cSlt^ P^««- ^ 4d- ?3Jt~» »HJ«^ d^ ^te ^|S d^ dl ^ d^. ^S ¥^^ d^ sv d^ d5 I 5-1 ND CO Ico ■Hjlfv O^ S f-ijjti \o')y TOj F. J? J^ -J^ <^e^ cRjcl ^''^ 5^ I* JO IMS «vJdo ■■.olco ir^oH ^ sM> si5 ■ UN 6-11 » i«e^ irlirv ^ ^ ^ o 4* ■)» ^ »< +> I o d ^^^ N N N V-H6 f' 3 O E-i o 9 [25 V b fl « e • 2 o. t. V. ~, .. £> ♦-• •-} ^ a) w w "* 'S • 3lla o a (H ft ^ • o ■ «j 1 J- 1 3 ! o - w ,' *' ••» M o r-l * <« ;S c ^ ^ « " ?. ,. „ „ „ „ NO s*~^ H (« ITN .. ^. .. *: .. A ■»» <-« d a ° s w ... -i » O «H a, 1 ■• » ■■ aa .. ! ^ 1 : <« t-l X f^ .o • ^ a 03 * J • Z 03 i w 1 ^ II SI 51 SI Sj SI CO 5] ^ o-l ss a d 'CI °?! o| y^{ oi Olo M l«4 |l-4 |CV< lc4 ^!o°9 uso ifio Sljo Svjo o|c5 jhIcJ <^|c oola- 00} M g oiS^ rJ^ \S\^ *i^ ^ C'>J«^ s-lJCM >Hjc>l H|t~. frjiH S\A ^d ?v)oo 3 a ^ ^! "Ci ^1 oj o| o| )sir iHlO rHiO ak* UN J-'0\ 5\ tJ\o irl? * oJo csiS o|i»\ irJoo 5t* SJcA sU S1J||3' d-!?\ c^d c^cA cKiJfA t^cA rnjcA 5l«A SjiA «jc« H|t^ P O ."^ o ihIt^ ?<1)?D "^^ 3|>0 p^Jv^ r^Ko !^|ir> pHJvo i-t}sO aO'wi in • to c f* o. a (/J i 1 o u t. ^ ^ *» ^ •a • •0 •o • ,2? "S, ^ s w • q • a 4» "H 4» Jh S o • 0) ♦» C 9 (• -H c ^ w (.ode • o J o » o! +> j: E- g o ^ ^ •g -O TS ^ N M N S Jill ii-47 i'L" O C & • »H e Vi ti Ed en g SI: o t-i o a lie ?? 2« '^ 'A "^S "^1 si o| o! <^| o| SI "^ -=^! °?8 *:j "^1 "i ®! "^ '^ 't! "! Ol OJ ©S OJ OJ OJ »-4j O) o{ r4| ol I" " ^S, 4» iM 1} d^ ^. ^1? oi^ c^.l'^ J6 trM eoH ii=l]l/\ t»]JM> co]c«^ aoJji-\ «ol«^ tS!*^ oo|iP% aols^ 3:S F, ^-R J^ JFo ^^K •-l!^ S|«A §^'A ^cA 5!':^ ^IcA ^. ■3k ^ %. ^ Jv ^^ •;?, cava o 4> -H 4> o 4* +» a OJ rH oJ *> • 3 t. ••H O: B O -P E ja » So o d C ^ o «^ -d +» +» n^ %s ■% N M H C (d d d (< •5 ■§ ■* li, H-48 h ■♦> £ g o :g •' «0 > ■H ^ ♦» O c o. a fc< ^ V. n) u w •o ^1 ■§ ■S ° ^ B O OQ i-i o. E" « o a. ^ 0-- Q J- o O E-" OS I-! ^ o " +> © K d STi ,.a CM {:r 55- if\ in »1 5l s! s! Si „1 i i i i i i si 5l :•! i i i i si sj -j 2| 2! ojo ir>jo olo ^ifH Sh ^1»a d^ d^ d^ «Noo J^r^ ?>jt^ OJO ojo I ' crJo c^o 1^1 o ^|o olo r4|d I-4lO >-<|0 ^2 ?k d5 .1^ 3|iH 3-M ^I'H ?>|fH |o ojo c|< x|o J-jc? tA|o 51: j:^0 cAJo cojc^ t-4<^ »^| » THf*.© o-iJir\ i-ilm CO loo cq c^ cojc^ c^cs J? £|-|V£> iH|in tH|so ICM lO j*|o cAjo \i>l s g-s s i otf o >4 o t/1 tB M B A to « e a o ♦• x: e- i-i c u >> e g ■-< P • B o d d o ■e j< c » ^ o d » o • o a, E-i b b ^ >. 8 >. •o -o -a ■2?x) w o "O « •^ jS"lf-i ja-jHi t i oi CO o si :^ + J-Jc-O ol • no i-. e # ^ a o•^j^^ ir|-M t^Jrf t-'J ^ 5^1^ eoj?-« '^I'^ o't-i <'N'^ onJibo \o|i=j a4i cAjo cojo jifjo .f^e? jrjsS «^o j^|o ;d-'jo jAJo sAJo J^fo' <^ js- ^l"^ J& jS J. dir\ tN^oo eyilsss ^•[^ jr^jM voJcm t«> rt] tf\ t^iJsD i?^l<^ (- 0) O Q O. E- ^^3? ^. H-58 •♦» ! iSM 0, u 9 c o- « ^ « ^ rH m 1"g .0 .. 1 0^ 1 a> c% C » 5 H 0) t. 4 • 2: ^ i '■. .. .. .. \o 13 1S"^ .. ^ . t! .. m e * +» •* « 51s §t; 1 ■? 3 1 6 □• 1 U'i ........ r« c« (-i « i-l J3 9 i A iA 1 ^ &^ j| 11 :•! SI a SI 21 SI % % a eolo* IS 1^ Csl €^ COjUN OOlw >3& voit ir^oH \0|^ CO|CM P>jf^ ■P^t^ S||vo lir> 10 10 C»N^e-4 !fj"^ OOp- Sjd-' cSi:^ 1^& olo o|o olo 5! II Co|^ CMIC fis .IS IS 3 ■"IcA voliM tvjc § §B «B rH 0) 1 c j: s b «-■ ^ m >f « CO s « 0) CO c ^ 0) (. ^ olo olo tvljO CM]t-t O^d irSJo J*io ^jo ,,_ „_ DOO ll«-3 Dtps) jCH flCM BCH flpH coHc^l chHO eo^M r^UiXl t^lHl ooic-fl COlp-fl c^O js-|o j3-)o j3-||o :t\0 stlO IS' |«^ t--|Ko \^ J^«^ j"^ }S oJ"'* iJr^ P^ P a-Jr° mJ*^ " ^|«A jrfeA ^«^ PN^ jj-l«^ a>la\ -^M ojjpi^ °|° 'l'^ Sj^ ° Sj'A riflA rHjsO hJiA 3|lA rHjvO ?Sj ^ u i ■s> tf. »„ k X rl-S P5 ^ S^ « J^ a to H-Jl ?? ©J o] Si 1 1 ^ eoljS irTO "vepo *j® e a'" e -a X • O B II *"to "^i^ ^1^ '°'i'^ "^R srjo t?j«S ^||» ir||o "\o A© s s 'U% ^i M^» SA 2 > 4" -H III ^ iH «« » « C o ▼< «J »< 4» H-52 3g CO o z o 5* * 9 6 1 ^ .. ^. f. .. .. • 51? ^"sa • «4 • «< fH *< d ^ M M ~ -S " " e 3lla e n r-i a. E« n o •rt w .. o 1 03 Pc B •• " o c^ C H o r-l rt a •H b B b s 1 ~ ,. » g \ i-l 1 la I o «^ o c B « o a) IS :S c s • IP si o ?. vo © o iH 4iO M «t u^ „ s .. ?. .. « -"S +» jS ojo irjo ofS" tvJo !^ IS. v^ o 1-hJo t!\o jt\o A\o $1° ^1° sj^ ?i|5 sB d^ d!^ sj^ d3 ITv loo o \o\'r\ CMJ^ oo!?!. C^P^ •?. 1 1 tfv g^ 6k U o o s o g" tf "-• • & o ^ • do ^^1 d d ^ •5 < &. H-53 \R ^^ ^ a ol H g c-l) ■?Jo ^|ir> dc '!«1'S n ic^ c«-\(|o a a 3 51 jo Jw lie ^'^ l'^ t-JcM V e a s. f*' 5 S c ^ it. o d O C3 J ^ ^1 a fe g ■P >« to Hi ^^^ J of ol 55 H-5>» m c +» M C • « +» -t* a ^« S •" X 4* § " ^•3 2* Bod tC5 ^^^ H-55 ^ ■H O, ■3 " 3M ■ O ' ol OilCl ml • Olr» Icj col • n] ■ >o! • ir)l • jIo ojo olo Olr^ CM loo olr- fhI • to IcvJ lO 5ca F o| * fdP' f^l^» ~B °-l°* '-B c«p. CVJirH CVJ|^ CjJrH o 0? cd ■H-57 •o f-i "o tj "I ol in| cvjjo r-:lo [ ol u->JO CM Ho ;0| "iP. mlo ^1 °iP. olo lf)lo (-H S inBm i-l 11 ^i Jf»v (^Dco inlcn CDRCD r-ig • o lo o |o c>:«o i-'iO roGo olo 00 lo 1°. mlo HI loo r-)(a) lolo r-l! • i-i|in oiiT •H M fO((-] B-)ltO Io inlCM op (Ol • i-i|cn 3 to i;-58 b >, > a % ?, ■^ s: ■O r-l -O 0) (l) (D <2 >■ 73 Qua < 3 -H o c fo S3 to t- -r^ Q) ^ .. ol o o olo •I o «! • nlO rHIO :-B ^E- :-B :•! .g .B sB si ds >|po r-i|m oico (1 • oil • oil • Ol • >-l| • 09 liH i-l |CM lICO ^ICVl COM ml^ r-tlcM OiRni ii ^1 ICO 1^ IcD flO o f^lo coflcM olv • Ol • ooB o cvl • in CO|lf> CO|*D 00|(O o|o olo olo olo olo oio olc Tko cokn ■3 Bin co^o >|o o|o r-l>H t-lo •I « •■ « m!o r-ilo Olt^ •I • oijo d-. '.p. °.p. -p. -p. .ofe cjls .IS „|s Dlo r-lo r-lo r-!o injo lob lob OjIoO CmIoi OjIco S J°. ^.p. ipP« |S Is ^R r.|g Ol ^IrH ,-,1^ rtirt 0)|p» 5|>0 SK rt CD cnl • col^ iH O Bfc rH ■H a E > n C 7 9 O rH in Cfc K •HOC S » 1-1 3 n O 4^ tH t] C L, 3 e o o 3 +> « -p «l « +> 2 03 A t, c Id Vi -P -f* o o n 111 •O W TJ « d o "3 t. "3 CO 5 -B-5J &- o o o. > Ir-- 00 loo mm ol « ol ol ■ilo colo P jo ll • oil >:|>-4 I •ih-f ,-1' •« lo « I (H ir» i-a Ii^ II ■a f-1 x> 0) d ® >> S E^ ii-6o ^ O C rS > m a v-i-a +» O »H I o in ,-H ( E-> in o Q. I r-l (N CM CO o> s t/J E- 5a K 0) in olo o!o oloo cvilrt oD • iHJ « r-sJCSJ rHim i ICO lio • i-lf e tnio lolo O IcM lo |o 0> |0J 03 liH m|>o injn colS la> lolo tol • ihI • Ql • ol • lol • ^loi cmIco ^|•■ r~lcM • >hI • t (ohn 2|o olo lol^ ^If-i l».Ir^ 'a-liH OH inM r-.|o olo o>M •I • •! • •! • •I • •! * •) • •■ • •! • •■ « ■^lo lOlo ^lo o|o olo olo ml • iHltO t-4|lO ol a CM lot o loo CM U>Lh • lOf • «>> r^lr~. cojo r^l CJ^If^ r*-|iD ^!8 00) • cMli-i i-ilr» 3 « § o s +> M +> .-J •° 2. I 3 i I I B (d o •O H "O o d S^ a) E^ < b < H-61 I "^ 3 ;S3 S (OlCM ocico r-ll • ol "^1 lii ^! 31 Ol ol ol ItO Im |0> lO (oi |f-( ll'. jr-t >J o tnS o col o ore '•">.'f • a>| • t^I » of o ■aio t-tto t-!io «>lo »-ilo i-«jo r-;lo 1--I0 «,§ ^|g in e cvjI e IN ^ rtim eC ft 0>10 is I- IS Is -BOJ COlCM tClrH '^fB.-fl )l«. (to lev! lo I'M |1« !'5r \o> nlo> ol o co| e ooj e i-:lo V\Lh coloj cmI,-i t] o 1^1 • '''I » ml • mo int-i loilpj ifllfc-i ooltf) ihIco r^tm r-ilro 3JO ojo CJO ojo ojo o|o f-«!o ir- Jm |<3> (0 IcM Icn I1-- L-i lo r-i olo __|0 «olo OlCM in \m vo Jio « O] • ^1 o col • CV] o col • 001 < Oil o ol • o> i-jIt (TjIt i-il^ i-ilu> r-lo r»!p> it^Icm idIcm ■H .H O <-H +> C i •H 3 +> ■K ■P iH 0) ^ •P 3 L. ^ u d J -p d 3 ■^ 1 <« +> •H ¥> (S E m E •H> J3 E- C 1 1 +» a> -H 1^ •r! Oj CO 0. E- >i •H >> >, Ji g, ^ J3 T3 •0 T3 Oi © ls& ^ •< Et, 5^ ■H +> +> -H ■3^. E- m o o. S 2 u t/) e c m w o &- E e_ t- M ■< J i-fJcD o o •• • L I ".R ".R i °|s ois I I )fo ok) CVilo r^lo ob cs,|o oJlo* olo olo '2 BU sis sp OlT Ml • c\j| • I- .is a>l • j|o Is- ig il iB il3 t- 4 sB li gg s|f. sg a sg sB g|5 gg >|o o|o o|o o|o o|o o|o o|o o|o o|o o|o o|o o|o • cmF* °J^ 'J^. ^i^ "l§ -l§ cM*lo* c^o* ^'lo* .^•|o* o?|o" S S S §1? §|j sB sg sE- .E *|3 s s s s s s £• t- S -g 215 li sK sis ii sll sg. am 3 0) §g § fH lO i-H W p 0} 3 o o a +» +> ' t'-63 •H +» > 03 •i :•! a CvilO "■' o •i * tf>lr~ r- t8 i! '°o| '".i %l =°.| "J "J >l o( oi ol ol call o| Iro !'» (cm lio ksj ICM olo mlo oip olo tT'IS snlo c?fo rJjo r^lc? cvjc? u'ilo wio colin olr- o jo o [c o jo ht Ito |lD Tio cm|c> culo el • w « o! • i-llo f-lJO cvjjo pi B j|S CV]|o olr* ■^Ico o o t»-|o '^1° <^Io c^lo cjIo r-i|o oj|o mjo ool a ccl li-i ■cli-i l.o|!M c-i(r~ f - CO (d •O 3 3 ID c3 S rH "S H-61* '3i 31 :•! :-i a ^1 ^1 51 a 51 «-ijo S|o lojej S|t^ u>|t-5 hIiA »-l|esl er^o v2|r-t loo ^e»^ ojo olo ojo olo olo olo olo »«!0 ir>lo I?J •hJo c^o j*|o ^|o "• S sti d? £|» rt uiCM cm|i-I rM| 3 t. -w a: a o 4> c -o m t. O 0) c • OJO •f o of i-l ta * 01 C •-( O .#H (0 «H -H +. +S " S ? 2 • 3 o '6 > >> O -ri O. uo( CMlT colk "Jl ID to « i lO o o o o h r~ 1^ § i^ in o H <9 ft ^ in e vf 1 o o r^ b o o CV' o ICM U1 o in in CM CD • «3 o CM CM u-^ OD CM cr> "T o o. "5- ID r-^ e [ a cm) a lol « cl o o3r* Fiji-* iDim loim co|io coIcm coIcm (•* | lal'l' ihIo Icn ^ d m 01 +; t +> 5 1 o +> c o g (£ CJ o +> -3 ■d ca •H +» > E o (0 +» -H a) a a. N fa I 11i H 6^ ^s fee HS < > > w s o cd ^ a: W 0, ^ ■K ^fc c o 6^ -^ f- 3 s g t^ s < «■== CO rt -Q sa :^ =1 ;.e- 5i 51- 2P 2l .B :•! 5l =6 sg sB .1 sE- sB sg sg sB- glcvj tfjp i^ft K ihICM r^ioi §|JS SLT lo |o lis Ir^ <3>|i-f r^ho tola. c<>E-i col • ^j « cpi • o^r • t-ilm colin ^ilt-~ rHlco rHjCVi 0>|iH op op ho iio (CM >-r, op. u,k 3 SCO r^ico CO li-c ?|S sB sb lif) ( Im • I- • r-t i-4|m 00 ICM .0 COlOi col » r^l • J°: ^p. 2|l J", sp. ,g s|s ^H J§ ■ajco r-Ico 55|S Q^lcJ Sjco Sk SK !SU SL* |s -I- r-ll • ^1 • • o • CM r-l|ir> !6 U O l§, 5 i. C o n o +> H-^7 cslo a. J • ■HI'* IS OvLh •I o ci! • uil ♦ olo i-«lo cv.;j^ Clio ir«i~ SI? r-llo U-J5 o|o o|o H i"o io 51 • evil • colo ICT l« |8 tr.'l a ml o cvio ihItH IfJ'Sf i-llr-l >|o o|o \ jo o Io f. U3IU5 ol • r^l•a• Is 18 ? • o • S ■** JQ CO d C "3 3 C <1> s E- o 4; o +> i o Q. O ■a -a n H-68 h v 1 a C H a. a^ u " o ^ " " > >> •S 4» tJct (1) -H © »ll> . " 5 ** " " o 3llt o o iH a E- n o •rt to o *• ~ *• ~ ~ CQ b> CO o c S o fi ^ o« «• o r-t •H •H t-1 B i-l r-4 o (. E a> a. !L. 0) ■>«• o< 1 o t ■1 M 0« ti > D 3 o cr g a* M C •H o o +» c 3 ■»> •H +> ^ tn C M *• o ■a ^ I. % *• " E ^ c o ~ .. « « ., X a "lO* " " o o ■s-s°^ O eg U a) 13 a> » d ■g a Q § tfi Ife §^ T3 3 o cr U < 0. .. ,. - .. .. • S (< « ■H J3 • 9 g 0) ^ 5 ° gm (0 r CV o folo CJlc-4 p, I? 18 '^1 • lOl s 1-41 * ihIo i-iIo cjIo CVJ lO .-4 lO |OJ olo .-iloj .hIcm 0910 olo op r-l|o Icvi fcr, Im 5 lo o lb o lo ol • oji •! • 3 »0 r-4 to r-1 lo Ol|' a a a. OS o >, •rl ■f 4> in g o 5 a ij-a u W) CSi r^ "ll SB to o, •« J >■ a as :-g Olio olio i° "h ^1)0 aolo olc? co|o BlcM In u>I • 01 • Olr- •c • 01(0 f».0 O (-. 0)0 to 10 OlO i-flitfV ■sts^ o +> ^ 3 s<^ O -rl S'^ §' ri-S d 5l 11 a-70 ^8 a t, +» m C 0) a. » s o o > >> •H HJ += -rl O C g " •S " " ^ > T3 a) rH -H g +> O rH E. O 0) O D. E- n w w Q m PB. o a .-« o S o ■rt fi o rH •H tH E ^ o ^ OT (. O. m c: m » O t -3 g & > I a en O O 5 « .. m +> c ii s 4" •^ +> s O S o •a c c ^ 0) o .. .. > » ~ X a lo" °° " ** o o T3^°^ O +> i-i a a. a E V) .. » .1. ~ .. J? C « en » .H ^ • asm 3 3 • z m « 1 *l ol ol ol o°l er>|fo r-ll • f ^ICNJ ir)|o colo ^a • col « r-l|CM i-l|CVJ ol ol o! ol ol ol i^ Im Ic • io\ m col O i-l|0 r-lIC 31 |r- |cg |cM Lh l|o cjo c|o ^\^ ^,p cjc r-llo o Knj yD Icj ■^lr> ^Ico qvl o o ojo ICC H ICM (■» l r^fe) wlo o>!t~ o u- Ira O rHiO Ifi [CD Jm 1(35 |r^ 1^ I i-tIO iHIO r-ilO r-:|0 ITilCM tOlCM ^| UTJO olo CO jc> CO jo .■Jlo ^lo iolcj (olcNi to|oi -I Is K-72 •H +» o e a. Ss "^ +» o r^ a 5S ^1 iS- s ol • col >|CJ ml • cvjl • lin hs IQ |i^ liH |« lin Ir- 19 Ico |o> lo f~-lrH COlrH 'Olf-I lr- 01^ 01 Im col . cmI » mlm er)|tr> >lo oio olo 0)0 oio 010 r ! r r I r olo •■ICO IB CM 10 lOl • r|cvj . -p o H-73 a>] • IS Is r-)| • 0^| • I • CO (0|co 18 CM • r-llo r^lco r»|CM |ir> iHloi « tI • tH rHiCM OOlO O . foltn (Olio cnlin 00 00 ml • CM, *o|co *o|co 1- I> ■g-g-g-a "^ «C1 '^^ 'Cj 1! II oil o| ol o] o! o| 3 SI s A'. I IN _J^ i|oo f^oN ICM Jo llM BON J^. J'-^ Jh: ^h fSjCvJ inrt O^Jw Mj^O «feo o|i~i oRo ^^ p-ijc^ ^^jc>^ loo It-^ Joo j>Jct\ coiod oojc^ cmJitn l^|l^' (Niir\ e=hfKO ^i'^ fl s. o o 13 ■n t-1 a) +» o cu g > §8. -O ° S e o 3 a. Q ^ CT 5 O O Ol, to T! -O I-* ~ 6" +» 1 (. c 0) a> V z: .. '^. v. c ^•^ = tt a a> ^ o «-l r-l «-• d Ed OT " i Isaa H « O •H U> ^_ Q CQ I IV 1 a 5 S t^ ^ ° C r* IB O rt ■H 1 1 P-I B .. •H 1 ■§ s r. u b e CO 5 a t a c-« •* i \ ^ ^ ■rt 1 3 J Si c. o C5 B £ •H n .. •»» c^ s o f-i a o. ° i (/) M c ^ »^ • o v< 5» Co «a i-i a rt J3 . e oi *:« ^5 trio \^ iriJifN sUr irtra\ oojoo '-'1^ it-iSm V>Jt^ <^tv. ojo oJo olo Sc ie<^ SUN SI .!^ rtlO ojo ojo tAjo Jt^ (-)!x) f\:t- l^\ j]«T\ voj««^. VSJoo S^>o csi'iH cgr i^N ";?> ^ \R ^ ?! dl dl sjo ^^ "1° H •^i'^ S ■^ Djd ja^yd (4|d ^jd oojd a w Icsl « Icn a S4S 3k -o VD o e c o c E O §51 tc « 0) 36. H >> &> ■^ odS 1 243., , •o -o 5.2 ^ ' 1?^ d a) 5? G ^^ ^-75 1 ^ [ «^ e di 1 9 O Z .. « V. O > >, v4 •^» _ e ^ ® H-. 1-1 «-. oj W to •o a 3lls o te f-i o. El B O •p) 00 Q ca 1 1"\ n £i " - 1 ° |vH c-\ C ^^ g o <-< sh <-! •ril £. st? f-« G > o e a, W-1-; '• •• «,' i> St ^ ii o-^ tA, !§ e^ o o s s ffi +» en c o » a ^i t/5 « C &, -.0 « rHj 0} r^ ja s> S m *5«: . 1 3^ ?^ l\ 5! ol 3 a II 31 a :«i oj €l^i of? C.B i 'd° °.!^ Njo cgjo o|o f-tjo cnjc 1^ ^^ ^E J^ «l^ J^ J^ {^ Jsl- iHjir\ MJ*^ SHCM l-licn Ojoj ef<^lN rH •Jv ^ II ■PS 3 O Sj o i-l H (i, ts § i ffi s ;ii c (. ->» •1 d ■»» o a s J a b f-i ^ » iH 4> ■H ^ ^ u 4-'> J3 H C i>> ^^^^ S 3 d o N N C M Si 0) ti 4 54^1 H -76 {?; a o ig & 5 ^1 S^ g 21 § S. 3* ^ iP J] ^Tf t'.'j "^ i oj oj oij oj oi oj o] a "Tl 'i! "^ oH oj oi ^c Jm cviKc*! <'4* *>JeA iCjtA J^ J^ is C^CM SjiM N|C^ IR IS I ^ OOl o ^1 • L « ^ & 1?? iH 3 o t-l U) Ce. s ^ H-77 ?Sv Ss o a 3 ♦» 5 ^ I? o 8 a a XI — S C * oc o o J O o (. M » 1 M 3 »> d r-l b a) 5 J. -=< in M O M E -O J fl> ^ >^ 3 e- c W M tH 05 J +» w 3 c t- O O << a! o IS 9 SB ^t s a, • o ' i > >> •H +» ■f -ri S5g. «-i fH e «-■ a u to " -o ° «> t-t > tB 1 ssa ^ c 3 •^> i>« +> m C o o f-« =g n) So c s IP a o K a. vo o o r-t ■fO X H Si si si K\ •*! "^1 °?l '^l i\ S\ o| o| d| hj t^l \DJ wj irJ o o o]o o o irJo 3 IcO • cor • O ta\ If-! to ICM • O ! » col CM J>J6-« uS • f isO U>|r-« U- il JcM "HNla- Ss:* vo jlA i€ IS colS fe^ ol'C r^i • ol « ir^J •> <^i-4 t>..jc^ cops- OOjd- «-«)f^ CMjl-t CM |i-l ^ t ^ -3 -3 ^5 >H +-• 0) 8^ ^^ r-l CO « C T3 •g^ (. •r^ « c to » >> ^ 5^-D ■g-s H M ^^ gg •< «< •o » •o +» Hi ■P la I^ r-l ■ to t :: o r4 ' J3 .g : V tf o t- • n • : a • I a « 1 r-l ^ a a 1 ■p ■2 ' a e a : « 3 5 ' " a i 3 '3 »J ; sis OS u 8 1 • : ti 1^ III! +> s, §"^1 11^. a a. • < >^|, 'g'Sfi ^^'^ III' • « • 0) ^ o ^ sill c^ :».. 1 51 II a a s^i Oj r-°3 of eo d«M jS irfo col o j o SJd i4jej ^r ojc 5U\ «U\ BO _ "^l"^ Sll** *~Sp^ HiluN ^ll* ^!l^ l^||c<^ (NjJC^ C^^i) ^' olo o o olo oBo o o o o ^ o ^S si? HtS i-^vo coj>^ VDju^ 'Sit r-t SoflA fr4«A ^cA ^ ^ ?? rt W Ow g^ t?v ^ -^ si! ^ of* 'Hit ^ 5 3 o s 3 01 •g j: -H E- "?• c 171 t- >^ >, >1 TJ ? T3 s ^ >.x ^ n1 crt h d ^ ^ b 4? n-79 51? 58 oj o| d] dj d| dj dj dj dj ^] en. ^ CN q "ti 'CI "J I ^ ^4 oj oj o| oj o| o| oj OJ o| o| slo ojo ojo £J£ ojo ojo ojo ojo ojo ojo oolo c^i-! t-ajrt ■*|°' ->l (NJd ^|d ir|d c^d injd I CM f^ lu^ |(«3 li?* ■^^ su*:- :^r: ^'^ ?d«? U> i? ION JSP 'CM lo ^lo Ti ^^- -^U sia sU dl^ lU jsff:. ^k ^U hU i ^ t ?3 •& ^^ ^ \R \R I ft. It, >p. fe ¥^ ■i?v !?> I tH E-* Oj 0) o OS aj oe t> ..a <» m -g a ■p o c ^ +> J3 .^j e- c o ••; g) +» ■rt - _ §- °l (D (0 oJ ® Q (1, +> E- •« ■* On "< I" -8e £-• CO o a. gg O (X 58 o < ^1 ^ olo CM Jo ml o injco OOir-i CMf o oi °^! '"•I ''•I ol ol oJ ■'Olo K t-! o|a> r-J • ml* o>l • !«[• »Hl« ol « <>>ll role Kn o>|r^ Icn I'D fM r^l'J■ ■*!.-! r- a H-81 +> O -rt Q. O !» rH O, s2 'J > o a. -o c: i-i -H to M g3 cmIo olo •I * ITflO I>H oli-t Ml • I • ol • aU. ok o colo oIe- I V m\o ol • r-tlCVl col • ol • 15 ^l! ■*lr- >-4!o> is>l » rolui olir) col • 00 lo c?lo olo ol • "C| • o o •1 e i-llo vr, olo lOlO olo ■TJO rHjO oloi ., _ . , _ col • o mlo e •! • o mka lli-l r-(|00 in jo 0510 r^l'^i roir-. ml • colin jp ojo olo olo olo jm olo olo op olo op o c Oip oj|o oolr~ r-l\ Iin p p i • col a in I a 9l <0 r-!|tO r-l)r— 1-11 S^ 6- 3 >. >> •O X) ■< < ICO lo jin -H • p-,lm lohn s O r^ a r-l| a j: rt rH|cj> l^|c^ 2 ■ 3 -H- a> o iH ^ a a->9i s P fe-=^ (. a a. >,^->, o c o e ^ §.^ rH O ■f *" •O H -O s E^ m ^ Ifel .»-63 (->= o .ri cu inlo cv'lo :-i a 31 a si :-i h £\ i +» • '-.j ti "J "J '%\ %i ^4 -J 1 ol ol o! ol ol o! ol ol o <-! (CO ,-] |tO oil s 5] cJlo mIo (0|0 ooto 0|I o -agp 4j1 •*loO Io !p> rJ ol!r< • IS > U}IO Oj o CO (in 'DiCM col » ■-llcvj ol • mscD •a "3 ■^lo mio a) c '*io olo lio i-ilo CT'lO C>4|o O^ o o <: )- r-.'ltn IU3 1^1 • r-! WM torn r-.l'T .!& olo r-l r- » g o ^ am o o Q, -a o « as UJ l-t 28 (< ■>-- ! a a a o. a z o 0« «• ••> 0« 00 C > >» ■H •»» +» ■»< 251. *, .J «> .. 5 ? .. .. °* 45 a! r-l T1 +> O -rt B O 01 r-e Q. S- m o D. •H 10 o m b. c — o o 1-t z s •H •H E cH «. fH s s. o (. e IS •« «o a 'T a o O 1 •H 3 WJ cr o C3 X a 0« M 1-1 O o ■e o e a 3 ■f> •H +• 3 « o o ~ " 1 1 5 M S ^ d o X o. 04 «• M M M to r-i -»»0 X a! in g ~ oa •«•••« o« d •o o c M +" a Q 3 tn 60 C C •rt Q) Si! T3 3 o cr (• < 0. • s (. <« ■H 0) rH A o :?§». zoo w 1 ir>|o »i « !§ %Q ojo ojo ojo o|o o|o o|o I<^ l«^ !■-< _K o colo info «|o • •■ « •! a •! • O Olo Olo rnSo o lo o lo ■«rlo olo U 9U aw lo cJlo 8 (Nil « coSco •H 3 i^ CmIo MIO rHlo r-llo r^lo ^lo l"^ lr-l in ,-1 to r-l (^ o (~ ■ >» •H ■»» ■f> -H §51 V, .-1 » ^ 01 3 iH -o ^ o -^ e 3 ro r-l D. , n O Q, •rt to ^ n oq b. & "J o o H Si a -1 O -t ■r4 W ■^ E eH •H I, 1-1 e <■ f i -e o ■p 5 S/J l> a H 3 l"^ m Iffi c CJ X s •rH " " +» o' c o 3 ■P •H ■fi c u« CJ ■3 ;. at a s s K w s (« u 33 a. o o X *o|co o| -H g.§ 11 -W 33 o a r-l "! "^I "i! "il '^-l '^l "^ ol ol o! ol ol ol ol — l*-" l"^ l^o K |o l^c In •'I'lo CMIo lo ICM olo fH(o injo ojio «3|o mlo i-h[o < hi in loo i-hI • •I e t-llo r-) coHio r«?|m ajo o c ?u f~IO oi • (nltn K |o !"'■ 1-lo oolCM inlo opi . > •! . r-ilo r-lo .Hio cmIi col • o |o o lo |e>5 IrH lOTi ICM col • rol • olo 'Tli-H iHj « col • i-lloi 'OVO |o\ olo olo I'lo inio Is 1"^ ■h| • ^\-t «>||^ r-<|rH o 3 -p +i O r^ 3 +> * 5 „• 4, OJ -P -H DOT t> 0) C o as c n X> a p J •O T3 < < b. < rt.-87 ^D lo IT) jo mjo wjo co3o cvjfo t/>Pi-i ^3cu c\jO^ cviil^ ooIcM colm ^;JO rHllO Oslo eB « olo undco tr>Ui 01 > «> 0) I. 01 o 3 +J t, W3 C r-Jfo cvjDo H '88 I I Q =1 l-l ^ • e E CQ ^ 3 • am ^R§ > O £ e OT 4P z a IB ^ 5 •H +» s " •• O o e rt 0) u '»." c o s H 9 .?.. £ iH • Pn .. .. ri f & i^ A S ■3^ R tf> S^ -Sv \J^ tf> r-l OO fH UN i2S o I I ^ ■8-89 i^ W E- C :.. o S B W 4P ^ s at « (. 05 ^ CM O ■H Ol a o ■H 9 £ s. a o. 3 \ '^ o s. I c e "rt i-j 03 +> C e s. 3 o ■*» 4> i X ^ 1 '^ rf s nl 1 h g ft a b. «-i 0) Q. °i CO t;. o 5=3 1 •« ^ • » rt > rf m e . * in 1 s )fs i?v uS uS u\ C^ C^ CA c^ * d S CC C_> eH « t, <-4 « «> ^ 1^^ <« ^ JS J » w S o _^ «- tTi -a o •H •P >> O •rt +» » di C -ri a o. s o M N N N a) a) Q Co H-90 I I I I I I I I I 4P I I I I > I I I I IS iS5 §1^ o • .-5 d o o d d o o d d I I I I I I I I I • I ) I I t I I I O O o o o d O UN o C^ CM CM o o o o o o o o o o o o O vo o O r^ d o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o d o o o o d o d S^ -iR uS If\ US tf» w E m o o d d o o o o o o d d y!> N C^ H-n c^^ ■Sn ^ "ffv tf> 4- J^ A 6 u^ UN uS i^v » Jt r-t O S Ti a, (H ciS s ^ K-92 >. O X c w ^ ^ s s t< w 5 g ■H M r-l o r-< ■a to t. o. ^ cu n ♦> t. s. 3 5 o a +» c « e 3 +» ■»» (0 c h o o o M r-l S 0) *.. t. 1 dg ^ ■< • Ok d ■o o +» (d a Q to t« s s: J »- ■-I c. iH • ts n a S \i^ \P< ^ i i '-' 9 •-! ^ iH o-t ir\ \o t^ ^O if\ \o \^ iTN uS IfN uS ir\ i2S OS ^ ^ g a ^ ^ I l-l 1-1 r-l i; -» M -O « e- 3 Z M c O J »H O ^ +» > O S s w 5P •rt -^ c .. .. o r^ OS m S L, O O. e. t/i a 91 c a: m •P § S" 3 +» 10 ^ +» 2 o o £ f-l as t. « C 3 g o C "t" o *i ^ ITS 'C^ J± IfN IfN ITS I I I t^ M3 J- \R ^ A UN v^ t^ ifN OS ir\ I I I tv CO o ■?v "Sn ■?> 1 I ) JS- fH cH • 1 ' iH a o » 0) -a -o N N H-jh S: O IS eg ^5 U3 « 5^ > o S c 01 BO << «4 a c .. .. o m-i d n t-t •H E U & 1 4? c a ■f> g o 3 ■Ji +» •H +» 0) c £ o t-l g) t. 3 1 U S C b o X g iH < • Ift d •o o o ■H iH (d ^ ° i w (• • 3a ^ i '^ *^ « m i-i • rt « « • 5E CO , 'iR "i?, ■?\ ^ ^ I ?5- t^ u> J- m ir\ ifN I I I ir\ c^ c^ tH rH CM iH r-t O ■?> ■5\ & tf\ s g a g r-4 «H CO CO o to u c 3^ ». ^ « 0) a a, ^^ -a TJ II -95 tH M -O E- >< O ~ U3 Eh 3 ■* -•. M C O J fH M o ■o! ••» J S C m w Ol o ^ o o ^^ > o £ B Ul ^ •t-t •^ c o ^ B i. u P. to 4S b a m ■x c a +» CM c o IS 3 w •f ^ +» § £ o iH (d t. 3 c s c M c « O w ., ^ I"' 9 O V iH Ol P. ° i w SsJ J3 I"* z » m rH m * ^ 1 t^ \0 \Q ir\ ir> i3S J- f-i rt tfv o o o o o o u> t^ c<^ ^ tf> ^ A \R » iH MM § 3 a rf B-56 a z. ^ ^a 5:^ iR ^ u** ir\ uS As u^ 5 S ■ff* UN US fe US us US tf> <^ A ^ M •H 1 ci o +» D .H o * Q Cl. 1 ^^ 1 •O -o oo o • 55 2 II H-97 1^ {^ ^ ^ O Sn ■ff\ l!S ■?> lA UN l^ Cq C^ C^ C^ CM i-l r-« H-98 E- 5 < o » o E- >- • CO t- 3 z n C O J »< O < 4» > O £ c M 4P Z c o l-t .. .. 1 01 < 5 a »o +> CH c o o 'H 3 M +» ■f a c ^ o a. o rH .. •• d £ O 3 1 o a N 'i. o g s s f-l •* • Ek, d •e o • •P r-l a! a o e « w (. •

      \r\ ie\ us "ffv \7k & ir> 'V\ u\ ir» "Sk iiiiiijlltiiiiiii Cr\ir\0Of-(f-lr-l9\(T\aO-liHp4C<( ■ff^ S 5 CO ON ^89 g "^ 3 c<^ jt i-i B\ S\ 8\ ITS i?\ QK Id r-l :z at • O II H -99 !>• :s £ y, OS Vv ij?> I ^ ^ i i ^ \?> Id r-l tC I -S; ^ tR -3; -Sv rH r-< C^ ff\ \0 t^ . . II H -100 S3 S o t- >• • to fr- 3 ^ M C O J tH O 5 +» « § s §^ i > ^ c to ftO «! ;rt ** c o •H U) rH Q a t. O U a to n t s. to << c 5 eg B O e •H 5 to '*^ ■t^ x> a. o tH .. d (. o 3 a u 2 a IM u tj ^ =s .. ^ :3 « Cl, <4 •a 9 O +> r< 0) 0. ° § w &ir ^ i '^ 2 • m ^^ o • S to , 'if^ yi. "* \?> » tfv JT OO <^ S 5 I. £ t ^ i iSs l^ "Sv UN ^ ^\ US iH r-t Ob tf^ .!. 9 S ?S, o +» II 55 0) d ^4 ^ H -101 6- >" £ O J -rt o 5 •♦» S6' coj I VO I 5 ^ ■3\ 'iik 'S\ I I I I-) ir\ iH ff\ t^ ffs c»^ pS cS d CM CM J: ^ ^ VO 1^ TK ir> ITS I I I J- lA fH CM CM I I I r^ I^ CM i-l r-* O V> U O 4> S 5 5 w •O T3 I N N i;-io2 O >J ^H U < -H u a o > £ B W 4f 1^ 2 s o Hi u a 3 C o 2 u o s X ^ ^ • Ot. a) •o s e +> r-l 1 "^ 2 • CQ rt • c-l CQ O • » " 1 uS iSs "ffv ^ ^ 3 ^ tfv ^ o 3 © 3 o a: n -H O 44 ^ (0 vo vo J*- UfN i3S ITN ' ' J. fH r-l O rH r-i C^ • ' ' iH ri OO A ^ g ^ ^ ^ H-103 Ct 6- tr- 5 4° > I I I I I I I I 9 • till o o d d woo I ^ %f S g E- 3S c 00 ^ ^ \?> ^ -Sv -3^ -3^ fS. »> t-J .-i fH ^ H rt t-! S^ t?. a. a b f-l CM CM III H-iei* 9 6- H O E> « e-i &t ^-^ o J i; O •< -P W § o » £r 3 tf> A A S §f < ^ e «9 ti o •»» 3 toff » O 1-1 +> o B) -H ? » Id O «-■ 7J u O E C O (S E Q a, 3 . "C "O "O * O 9 i> 55S :«-ie5 /^ 4 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL APR 05 1993 , RECEIVED ^^ .Jiary LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Book Slip-2nm-8,'61(C1623s4)458 California. Dept. of v?ter resoijrces. Call Number PHYSICAL SCIENCES LIBRARY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA- DAVIS 240503