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CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU 
 
 FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO 
 FLETCHER HAMILTON State Mineralogist 
 
 San Francisco] BULLETIN No. 76 August, 1918 
 
 Manganese and Chromium 
 
 In 
 
 California 
 
 By 
 
 WALTER W. BRADLEY, EMILE HUGUENIN, C. A LOGAN, 
 W. BURLING TUCKER and CLARENCE A. WARING. 
 
 '•LLl V 
 
 38958 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 SACRAMENTO 
 
 19 18 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 UNIVERSiTY OF CAUFORNIA 
 DAViS 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL, 5 
 
 FOREWORD 7 
 
 Acknowledgment 7 
 
 Part I. 
 
 MANGANESE. 
 
 INTRODUCTION 9 
 
 Uses of Manganese and Grades of Ore Required 9 
 
 Sources of World's Manganese 10 
 
 Russia 10 
 
 India • 11 
 
 Brazil — 11 
 
 Other foreign deposits 11 
 
 United States 12 
 
 Distribution of Manganese Deposits in California 13 
 
 Coast Range deposits 13 
 
 Soutliern coast counties 14 
 
 Counties west of San Joaquin Valley 15 
 
 Coast Ranges north of San Francisco Bay 16 
 
 Klamath Mountain Region 17 
 
 Counties west of Sacramento Valley 17 
 
 Sierra Nevada Mountain counties 18 
 
 Southern California 19 
 
 Possibilities of Concentrating Manganese Ores,. 19 
 
 Electric Smelters 20 
 
 MINES 24 
 
 Alameda County 24 
 
 Amador County 29 
 
 Butte County 30 
 
 Calaveras County . 31 
 
 Contra Costa County 31 
 
 F"resno County 32 
 
 Glenn County . 32 
 
 Humboldt County 33 
 
 Imperial County 34 
 
 Inyo County 36 
 
 Lake County 36 
 
 Los Angeles County 38 
 
 Marin County 38 
 
 Mendocino County 39 
 
 Merced County — 49 
 
 Monterey County 50 
 
 Napa County 51 
 
 Nevada County 51 
 
 Placer County 52 
 
 Plumas County 53 
 
 Riverside County 54 
 
 San Benito County 59 
 
 San Bernardino County 61 
 
 San Joaquin County 64 
 
 San Luis Obispo County 69 
 
 Santa Barbara County 74 
 
 Santa Clara County 75 
 
 Shasta County 80 
 
 Siskiyou County 81 
 
 Sonoma County 82 
 
 Stanislaus County 83 
 
 Tehama County 87 
 
 Trinity County „ 89 
 
 Tulare County 91 
 
 Tuolumne County 91 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF MANGANESE PROPERTIES IN CALIFORNIA 92 
 
 PURCHASERS OF MANGANESE AND MANGANIFEROUS ORES 98 
 
 PRODUCTION OF MANGANESE ORES IN CALIFORNIA.., 100 
 
4 CONTENTS. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 CHROMIUM. 
 
 Page 
 
 INTRODUCTION 101 
 
 History .101 
 
 Genesis of Chromite Deposits 102 
 
 Occurrences in California 102 
 
 Southern Coast Range counties 103 
 
 Tulare and Fresno counties 104 
 
 Counties west of San Joaquin Valley 105 
 
 Coast Ranges, nortli of San Francisco Bay 106 
 
 Klamatli Mountain region 107 
 
 Counties on west side of Sacramento Valley 109 
 
 Sierra Nevada Mountain counties 110 
 
 Developments During First Half of 1918 113 
 
 Increased Importance of Concentration 114 
 
 Districts of Promise to the Prospector 115 
 
 MINKS 115 
 
 Alameda County 115 
 
 Amador County 116 
 
 Butte County 118 
 
 Calaveras County 121 
 
 Colusa County 123 
 
 Del Norte County 124 
 
 El Dorado County 131 
 
 Fresno County 144 
 
 Glenn County 146 
 
 Humboldt County 148 
 
 Lake County 148 
 
 Los Angeles County 151 
 
 Mariposa County 151 
 
 Mendocino County 151 
 
 Monterey County 156 
 
 Napa County 156 
 
 Nevada County 157 
 
 Placer County 159 
 
 Plumas County 165 
 
 San Benito County 166 
 
 San Luis Obispo County 167 
 
 Santa Barbara County 179 
 
 Santa Clara County 180 
 
 Shasta County 181 
 
 Sierra County 189 
 
 Siskiyou County -- 189 
 
 Sonoma County 201 
 
 Stanislaus County 203 
 
 Tehama County 206 
 
 Trinity County 209 
 
 Tulare County 213 
 
 Tuolumne County 213 
 
 SYNOPSIS OF CHROMITE PROPERTIES IN CALIFORNIA 216 
 
 PRICES AND GRADES OF ORE 226 
 
 CONSUMERS OF CHROMITE 226 
 
 PRODUCTION OF CHROMITE IN CALIFORNIA 226 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT RELATIVE TO CHROMITE MARKET 227 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU 229 
 
 INDEX 233 
 
CONTENTS. D 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 riwtographs Page 
 
 1. Manganese deposit near Fort Baker, Humboldt County 33 
 
 2. Manganese ore on property of I^. M. Bryant, Humboldt County 34 
 
 3. Buseh and Bevins manganese mine, Mendocino County 40 
 
 4. Loading platform at foot of gravity tram, at Buseh and Bevins mine 41 
 
 ,5. Screening manganese ore in open cut at Independent mine, Mendocino County 42 
 
 G. Tliirty tons of high-grade manganese ore on dump at Independent mine 43 
 
 7. Tunnel at W. P. Thomas manganese mine, near Ulciah 47 
 
 N. "Wild I)e\il manganese mine, Mendocino County 48 
 
 St. Outcrop at Briggs man.ganese deposit, Merced County 49 
 
 10. Open cut at Briggs mine 50 
 
 11. Tunnel and open cut on Scliellenger manganese claims. Riverside County 55 
 
 12. Open cut at Hendricks mine, San Benito County 60 
 
 13. Owl's Hole manganese mine. San Bernardino County 63 
 
 14. Ladd mine, looking soutlieasterly from Fabian shaft, San Joaquin County 65 
 
 15. White Good-Roads Truck, used by Western Rock Products Company in haul- 
 
 ing manganese ore 66 
 
 16. Aerial tramway on Sec. 13, T. 4 S.. R. 4 E., M. D. M., San Joaquin County— 67 
 
 17. Stope in manganese mine — Wiltsee lease 68 
 
 17a. Staneuch Ranch or Prefumo Canon manganese deposit, San Luis Obispo County 72 
 
 17b. Staneucli Rancli deposit, showing tunnels on top of ridge 73 
 
 17c. No. 1 tunnel of Welsh manganese deposit, San Luis Obispo County 74 
 
 18. Manganese prospect on Sec. 1, T. 5 S., R. 5 E., M. D. M.. Stanislaus County__ 85 
 
 19. Outcrop of manganese ore on Sec. 3, T. 5 S., R. 5 E., M. D. M., Stanislaus 
 
 County 86 
 
 20. Copper Creek chrome mine, Del Norte County 126 
 
 21. Tunnel at Copper Creek clirome mine 127 
 
 22. Open cut at Tyson chrome mine, Del Norte County 128 
 
 23. Dump containing 150 tons of chromite, at Tyson mine 129 
 
 24. Wasliing chrome ore at Green property. El Dorado County 134 
 
 25. Alpine clirome claim of Hoff group. El Dorado County 135 
 
 26. Clirome mines on the Pilliken property. El Dorado County 138 
 
 27. Chromite concentrating mill of Placer Chrome Company at Rattlesnake Bar, 
 
 El Dorado County 142 
 
 28. Black Diamond chrome mine, Glenn County 147 
 
 29. Open cut at Lucky Strike clirome mine. Lake County 150 
 
 30. Ore ready for shipment at Fuqua and Bell chrome mine. Lake County 150 
 
 31. Summit of Red Mountain, Mendocino County 152 
 
 32. Asbil & Guthrie clirome claims, Mendocino County 153 
 
 3 3. Large croppings of serpentine impregnated witli chromite. Red Mountain, 
 
 Mendocino County 154 
 
 34. Tunnel at Noble Electric Steel Company's Red Mountain lease 155 
 
 35. Concentrating chrome ore near Sugarpine mill. Placer County 164 
 
 36. McCarty chromite deposit on Feather River, Plumas County 165 
 
 36a. The 50-ton concentrating mill of the California Chrome Company at the 
 
 Castro mine, San Luis Obispo 169 
 
 37a. Concentrating plant (^50 tons) of Union Chrome Company at Norcross mine, 
 
 San Luis Obispo County 174 
 
 37. Pick and Shovel chrome mine, San Luis Obispo County 175 
 
 38. Trucks at Gibson Siding hauling chromite ore from Forest Queen mine, Shasta 
 
 County -.- - 182 
 
 39. Edge of caved ground at surface of Little Castle Creek mine, after e-xtraction 
 
 of tlie ore by caving system 183 
 
 40. Aerial tramway at Little Castle Creek mine 185 
 
 41. Ford-motor locomotive and train (30" gauge) for hauling chromite, near 
 
 Dunsmuir 186 
 
 4 2. Jig used for concentrating low-grade chromite at Little Castle Creek mine of 
 
 California Chroine Company 187 
 
 43. Loading bunker for cliromite ore at Little Castle Creek, near Dunsmuir 191 
 
 44. Upper working of Coggins clirome mine, near Dunsmuir, Siskiyou County 192 
 
 45. 'Bean' ore at Coggins clirome mine, showing effect of weathering on dissemi- 
 
 nated chromite ore 193 
 
 46. Cliromite workings on Dexter Ranch, near Montague, Siskiyou County 195 
 
 47. Chromite sacked, ready for shipment, from the Lighthill Ranch, near Fort 
 
 Jones, Siskiyou County 196 
 
 48. Cut in .serpentine, from whicli a small lens (35 tons) of high-grade chromite 
 
 was taken, at the Grouse Creek mine, Siskiyou County 197 
 
 49. Tlie Clirome Mine (Bingham Group), main cut and stope, near Callahan, 
 
 Siskiyou County 200 
 
 50. Meeker clirome mine, near Camp Meeker, Sonoma County 2 02 
 
 51. Elder Creek clirome mine of tlie Noljle Electric Steel Company, Tehama 
 
 County 208 
 
 Map— Plates 
 
 I. Outlini' map of California sliowing locations of cliromium and manganese 
 
 dejiosits 13 
 
 11. Map of a portion of Central Califoi'nia showing locations of deposits of 
 
 cliiomiuni. ma.gnesite and niangaiiese : 24 
 
 HI. Locations of chrome ore depo.'iits in San Luis O))ispo County 167 
 
 IV. Sketch plan of underground workings. New London clirome mine, San Luis 
 
 Obispo County 172 
 
 V. Sections of chromite deposit on Little Castle Creek, Shasta County : 1S4 
 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 To His Excellency, the Honorable Wh^liam D. Stephens, 
 Governor of California. 
 
 Sir: As stated under date of October 15, 1917, in transmitting Pre- 
 liminary Report No. 3 on INlanganese and Chromium, there is a serious 
 shortage of these metals in the United States at the present time. As 
 they are both vitally necessary in the steel industry, their adequate pro- 
 duction has become a matter of no little concern from the standpoint of 
 the successful completion of the war in which the Nation is now 
 engaged. 
 
 The contents of the accompanying bulletin represent the labors of five 
 trained field assistants of this Bureau, who were delegated to carry on 
 this work early in the summer of 1917. These data make up an inven- 
 tory of California's manganese and chrome resources, and an attempt 
 has been made to set forth facts relative to the location of all deposits 
 of these metals and to present information which will assist in making 
 them available for early development and utilization. It is believed 
 that material assistance will be hereby rendered to the government of 
 the United States, as well as to all of the parties interested in the 
 development of this branch of the mining industry in California. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 Fletcher Hamilton, 
 August, 1918. State Mineralogist. 
 
FOREWORD. 
 
 The occurrence of manganese and chromium ores in California has 
 long been known, and a small production of each has been reported to 
 the State JNIining Bureau since as early as 1887.^ Previous to the war 
 with Germany, however, the necessary supplies of these materials which 
 are mainly utilized in the steel producing centers of the East, were 
 imported from foreign sources at a cost which made competition by 
 California producers impossible because of the long railroad haul and 
 the high freight rate from the Pacific coast. 
 
 Foreign supplies are now considerably curtailed, however, and 
 sources which might otherwise be available are reached with dilficulty 
 on account of lack of ocean transportation.- As a result, the search for 
 manganese and chromium, not only in California, but in other sections 
 of the United States, has been carried on in a manner unprecedented in 
 the history of the Nation. 
 
 As the production of a sufficient supply of these minerals is not only 
 important to the development of the mining industry of this state, but 
 has assumed the position of a national necessity, the Bureau has made 
 every effort to correlate the following data in the most efficient manner 
 possible, without undue loss of time in making the report available. The 
 subject matter is offered iu two parts. Part I being devoted to Manga- 
 nese and Part II to Chromium, and these divisions have been further 
 subdivided into chapters according to the various counties in which 
 deposits of these minerals occur, arranged alphabetically for convenience 
 in reference. 
 
 C. A. Waring visited the properties in the Sierra Nevada mountain 
 counties ; W. B. Tucker covered the district south of the Sixth Stand- 
 ard Parallel; and E. Huguenin visited many Coast Range properties. 
 The other authors visited many widely separated properties between 
 San Luis Obispo County and the Oregon line. 
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 
 
 Uniform courtesy was extended to the various field assistants engaged 
 in this work by owners and operators of mines throughout the state, 
 and grateful acknowledgment is hereby made for this co-operation, 
 without which satisfactory results could not possibly have been attained. 
 
 Assistance has been received from various members of the U. S. 
 Bureau of Mines and the U. S. Geological Survey by exchange of various 
 
 >For tables of annual protluction of these minerals, see pp. 100 and 226, post. 
 -See supplementary statement on p. 22 7, post, relative to late break in the chromite 
 market. 
 
8 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 data relative to the subject in hand, and it is a jjleasure to hereby 
 acknowledge the aid thus received. 
 
 Notes kindly furnished by members of the staff of the Department 
 of Geology of the University of California have helped to make the 
 report on manganese more comprehensive than would otherwise have 
 been possible. Special thanks in this connection are due Professor 
 Geo. D. Louderback and his assistants, Messrs. E. F. Davis, F. L. Hud- 
 son and N. H. Taliaferro. 
 
Part I. 
 
 MANGANESE. 
 
 IiNTRODUCTION. 
 
 By C. A. Logan. 
 
 Uses of Manganese and Grades of Ore Required. 
 
 The paramount use for llie inetal, which overshadows all other 
 requirements, is in steel making. In small percentage manganese 
 serves to remove sulphur and oxygen, preventing brittleness and elim- 
 inating "blow holes." In larger percentage as a constituent of the 
 steel, it imparts toughness and hardness. Two classes of manganese- 
 iron alloys are made for use in steel. Ferro-manganese contains 70% 
 to 80% manganese, 15% to 207c iron and 5% or 6% carbon. A high 
 grade manganese ore, containing preferably 45% or more of manga- 
 nese, not over .225% phosphorus and as little silica, iron and other 
 impurities as possible, is desired in making it, 1)ut ore carrying less 
 than 40% manganese can be used, and if the metallic manganese con- 
 tent is high enough, as much as 25% silica is accepted subject to 
 penalty for each per cent of silica over 8%. INIakers of ferro-man- 
 ganese by the electric smelting method can use ore lower in manganese 
 and higher in silica than can others ; Noble Electric Steel Co.^ stated 
 under date of April 27, 1918, that they could use certain ores carrying 
 as low as 36% Mn, with silica not over ^ the metallic manganese con- 
 tent, and iron not over 10%. Where the silica content is under 8% 
 and 5% a bonus of 50^ to $1 a ton is quoted. For making spiegel- 
 eisen, lower grade ore is allowable. This alloy carries 15% to 20% 
 manganese, about 5% carbon and the balance chietly iron; any ore 
 which gives these proportions and is not otherwise objectionable may 
 be used. Ores as low as 5% jMn are used in "high manganese" pig 
 iron. Ores of less than 35% Mn content are classed as low grade, or 
 as manganiferous iron or silver ore, as the case may be. Such ores 
 are produced annually in this country to the extent of about 1,000,000 
 tons, of which 6% to 8% contains over 15% manganese. The June, 
 1918, production of ferro-manganese Avas 29,568 long tons and of 
 spiegeleisen, 16,398 tons, according to Iron Age. Efforts are being 
 made to have manufacturers make spiegeleisen as much as possible. 
 Noble Electric Steel Company was making ferro-manganese in Cali- 
 fornia in June at the rate of 1.000, 000 pounds a month, utilizing ores 
 from California mines. 
 
 'Cal. state Min. Bur.: Preliminary Rep. 3, 191S. 
 
10 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 For making dry batteries over 20,000 tons of high-grade ore are 
 reported annually consumed in this country. Specifications for this 
 use call for a high content of available oxygen, which is not always 
 found Avith a high metallic manganese content. The content of man- 
 ganese dioxide should be 80% or more. Any other mineral is of no 
 use. Cobalt, nickel and copper are harmful even in the smallest 
 quantity, and more than 2% iron is not wanted, although not proven 
 objectionable. For glass making an ore of similar tenor to the above 
 is required. Pyrolusite is the best ore for such uses. 
 
 Smaller quantities of manganese are used to make pigments in 
 paint, coloring for pottery, in varnish and as a drier in paints, for 
 medicinal uses and for fertilizers. Manganese bronze is used in mak- 
 ing ship propellers because of the resistance to corrosion by sea water. 
 
 The price established May 29, 1918, by the government for manga- 
 nese ore containing 35% to 54% metallic manganese is from 86^ to 
 $1.30 a unit (one per cent), f. o. b. South Chicago. A penalty of 50^; 
 to $1 a ton is levied for excess silica above 8% up to 25%, with a 
 corresponding bonus for ore carrying less than 8% silica. The other 
 impurities which are objectionable in manganese ores for metallurgical 
 use are absent from California ore, or present in such small quantity 
 as to be negligible. 
 
 SOURCES OF WORLD'S MANGANESE. 
 Production of manganese ores in California has been effectually 
 prevented in the past by cost of mining, prohibitive cost of delivering 
 ore at the market and character of our local deposits, which have 
 seldom appeared of sufficient size or grade to warrant expensive devel- 
 opment. These conditions under which the domestic producer labors 
 will be made clearer by brief consideration of the chief producers 
 abroad. 
 
 Manganese in Russia. 
 
 The principal district is in the government of Kutais, near the 
 village of Chiaturi on the southwest side of the Caucasus Mountains.- 
 The ore occurs as a bedded deposit in brown Miocene sandstone, which 
 lies nearly horizontal. The ore has been opened on seven mountains 
 which are residual spurs left by Kvrilli River and its tributaries. 
 The total mineralized area is said to be 55 square miles, of which 22 
 square miles are underlain by available ore. A thickness of six or 
 seven feet is mined. The ore reserve was estimated by Drake to be 
 at least 80,000,000 long tons, and it was l)eing mininl in 1913 at the 
 rate of about 1,000,000 long tons yearly. Tlie chief ore is pyrolusite. 
 
 2Drake, Frank, Manganese ore industry oi' the Caucasus; Trans. A. I. M. E., vol. 28, 
 
 1898. 
 
MANGANESE AND CPIROMIUM. 11 
 
 which powders excessively in course of shipment. Ore is often inter- 
 calated with the sandstone. The product exported runs from 46% to 
 56% Mn, .16%) phosphorus, and less than 8% silica. Miners received 
 40^ a day. Ore is extracted by drifting on the bed and pillars are left 
 with little timber and no powder required. Ore cost 92^ a ton at mine 
 portal, but outrageous transportation conditions between the mines 
 and the coast brought the cost to nearly $10 a ton delivered at English 
 ports. 
 
 Deposits in India.^ 
 
 Harder cites nine localities in India where manganese occurs. 
 Practically all the important deposits are said to be in pre-Paleozoic 
 metamorphic rocks. The ores are usually interlayered with quartzite 
 and are of good grade, carrying 42%* to 54% Mn, 4% to 10% silica 
 and generally not over .3% P. Production up to the beginning of the 
 war reached nearly 700,000 long tons a year. 
 
 Deposits in Brazil. 
 
 Since the opening of the war the production of manganese in Brazil 
 has probably doubled, the figure for 1915 being 350,000 tons.^ 
 
 In 1915, nine-tenths of the manganese imported into the United 
 States came from Brazil. The Lafayette District is the most produc- 
 tive field, and the Morro da Mina property the largest producer. 
 This mine yielded 200,000 tons in 1915, and is said to have a proven 
 ore reserve of 10,000,000 tons. The ore is chiefly psilomelane and is 
 the residual product of decomposition of an original manganiferous 
 rock made up of varying proportions of manganese carbonate and 
 silicates." The average composition of ore is said to be 50.47% Mn, 
 .069% P, 1.76% SiOo. 
 
 Other Foreign Deposits. 
 
 During the period of 20 years ending in 1905 considerable manga- 
 nese ore was shipped to this country from Chile. E. C. Harder^ gives 
 the amount as over 500,000 tons. This ore was driven otf the market 
 by the opening of deposits in India. The Chilean deposits, as de- 
 scribed by Harder, appear in most respects similar to our own Coast 
 Range deposits ; they are relatively narrow ore-bodies in chert which is 
 of approximately the same age as the Franciscan of California, 
 
 The richest cargo of manganese ore received in the United States 
 is said to have been a shipload of 1400 tons shipped in 1896 from the 
 
 ^Trails. A. I. M. E. 1917, p. 40. 
 
 ^L. L. Feimor: Manganese Ore Deposits of India. Memoirs, Geol. Sur. India, Vol. 37. 
 Brazil: Trans. A. I. M. K.. lit 17. 
 
 •''Singewald and Miller, The manganese ores of tlie Lafayette district, Minas Geraes, 
 
 '\Singewald and Miller-. Opus cit. page 18. 
 
 •Manganese Ores of Kussia, India, Brazil and Chile. Trans. A. I. M. E. 1917. 
 
12 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Nispero and Soledad mines in Panama.* It averaged 57.5% Mn, 
 4.18% SiOo and .054% P. The deposits are in pockets, sometimes 
 containing as much as 500 tons of ore, and lying in clay, which is 
 said to be the result of decomposition in place of the original sedi- 
 mentary rock. 
 
 Deposits in the United States. 
 
 Harder^ characterizes the deposits of manganese in this country as 
 largely secondary concentration deposits. The deposits in the Coast 
 Kanges of California do not belong in this category, as will be indi- 
 cated later. 
 
 The principal geological horizons in which manganese occurs in the 
 United States are the Cambrian, Silurian and Carboniferous. The 
 original deposition of the manganese is held to have occurred in still 
 Avater. usually in association with limestones and shales. The decom- 
 position of these rocks to clays was accompanied by the concentra- 
 tion of the manganese in nodides and pockets. This applies to the 
 deposits in Virginia, Georgia, Vermont and Arkansas, as well as to 
 Canadian deposits in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. 
 
 In the present paper these de])osits may be dismissed with the 
 statement that California leads the other states in the i)roduction of 
 manganese ore as far as available statistics indicate. It must be 
 remembered, of course, that there is a large amoiuit of mangauiferous 
 iron ore produced in the Lake Superior iron regions which is utilized. 
 
 Another source of supply will be the low-grade ore taken from the 
 mines at Butte, Montana. The Anaconda Copper Company plans to 
 utilize liuildings and machinery already available, and newly devel- 
 oped electric power, for the manufacture of ferro-manganese. Pro- 
 duction is expected to begin early in September, 1918. 
 
 A surprisingly high percentage of manganese is carried by steel 
 slags. Samples of six slags turned out by American steel makers 
 carried from 2.5% to 50% manganese oxide. The highest percentage 
 was from manganese steel slag from converters, but basic open hearth 
 and bessemer slags carried as much as 22%, and one large maker of 
 steel and pig iron claims to recover regularly 10.5% of manganese 
 from open hearth slag.^" This slag is now being utilized in increasing 
 quantity liy makers of ferro-manganese. 
 
 ^Cliibas, E. J.. Manganese deposits of the Department of Panama, etc. : Trans. 
 A. I. M. B., vol. 2 7. 
 
 "Harder, E. C, Manganese deposits of tlie United States: U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 
 427, 1910. 
 
 ^"Mining and Seientific Press, April 6, 191S. 
 
13 
 
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MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 13 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF MANGANESE DEPOSITS IN CALIFORNIA. 
 ]\[aiiganese ores have been rcpoitcHl in .{(i counties of tlie State, and 
 commercial production has heen made so far from two-thirds of these. 
 The three principal districts, "which are distinct geologically as well 
 as geographically, are the Coast Range Belt, the Sierra Nevada 
 Counties and the southern desert region. The Klamath ^Mountain 
 region also has many prospects which have been undeveloped on 
 account of their remoteness, but even here mining has l)egun and pro- 
 duction is expected from Siskiyou County in litis. 
 
 Coast Range Deposits. 
 
 ^Manganese o.xides occhi- in tliis l)elt iii\<n'ial)ly in tlic Franciscan 
 chert and there is a monotonous simihirit\' in the (k^posits from one 
 end of the belt to the other. The variations in size of ore bodies are 
 generally small, and may be ascribed to local causes. ^Manganese in 
 greater or less amount is present throughout the whole extent of these 
 Franciscan rocks, appearing often as small bunches, minute veins or 
 possibly only as stains. In addition to this multitude of occurrences 
 AA'hich possess no commercial value, the Coast Range Belt contains our 
 best manganese mines. 
 
 Geology of Coast Range Deposits. 
 
 ]\Ianganese in the Franciscan cherts has evidently been deposited 
 from solution simultaneously with the deposition of the cherty mate- 
 rial, which occurred either in quiet water a long Avay from shore, or 
 from siliceous springs. Harder's theory^' that the manganese oxides 
 are a replacement of the jasper is now considered untenable. The 
 manganese ore Avas laid down as iuterstratified bodies enclosed in the 
 chert, and has not migrated (except in a very minor way, as noted 
 later) from place, nor has it replaced the jasper. The original man- 
 ganese carlionate or silicate has been altered in situ to oxide by the 
 action of ground water and other terrestrial agents, apparently. The 
 only mine so far opened to the limit of ground water shows the oxide 
 ores running into carbonate, and carbonate ore has also been noted 
 above the limit of ground water, for example at the ]\lount Sanhedrin 
 claims in IMendocino County. The silicate, rhodonite, is not reported 
 from the Coast Ranges ; the siliceous manganese ores so far found are 
 not yet proven to l)e definite manganese silicates and have not been 
 definitel}' named. The ore of shipping grade merges gradually into 
 the siliceous wall rock without definite lines of separation. The wall 
 surrounding the ore is often stained black, and this stained chert is 
 very deceiving to the uninitiated prospector, who is led to think he 
 has a larger ore body than is usually the case. The weight of the 
 
 "Harder, E. C, Manganese deposits of the United States: U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 
 427, 1910. 
 
12 
 
 Nispe: 
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 427, !■ 
 
MANGANESE AND CIIROMHIM. 13 
 
 DISTRIBUTION OF MANGANESE DEPOSITS IN CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Manganese ores have been rcpoilcd in .'Jti couiilics o[' llie State, and 
 commercial production lias l)een made so far fi-oin two-thirds of these. 
 The three principal districts, which are distinct geolo*j;ically as well 
 as geographically, are the Coast Range Belt, the Sierra Nevada 
 Counties and the southern desert region. The Klamath ^Mountain 
 region also has many prospects which have been undeveloped on 
 account of their remoteness, but even here niiinng has Ix'gun and pro- 
 duction is expected from Sislciyou County in 1!)18. 
 
 Coast Range Deposits. 
 
 Manganese oxides occur in tliis belt invaciably in the Franciscan 
 chert and there is a monotonous simihirity in the dei)osits from one 
 end of the belt to the other. The variations in size of ore bodies are 
 generally small, and may be ascribed to local causes. Manganese in 
 greater or less amount is present throughout the whole extent of these 
 Franciscan rocks, appearing often as small bunches, minute veins or 
 possibly only as stains. In addition to this multitude of occurrences 
 which possess no commercial value, the Coast Range Belt contains our 
 best manganese mines. 
 
 Geology of Coast Range Deposits. 
 
 ]\Ianganese in the Franciscan cherts has evidently been deposited 
 from solution simultaneously with the deposition of the cherty mate- 
 rial, which occurred either in cpiiet water a long way from shore, or 
 from siliceous springs. Harder 's theory^^ that the manganese oxides 
 are a replacement of the jasper is now considered untenable. The 
 manganese ore was laid down as interstratified bodies enclosed in the 
 chert, and has not migrated (except in a very minor way, as noted 
 later) from place, nor has it replaced the jasper. The original man- 
 ganese carbonate or silicate has been altered in situ to oxide by the 
 action of ground water and other terrestrial agents, apparently. The 
 only mine so far opened to the limit of ground water shows the oxide 
 ores running into carbonate, and carbonate ore has also been noted 
 above the limit of ground water, for example at the Blount Sanhedrin 
 claims in IMendocino County. The silicate, rhodonite, is not reported 
 from the Coast Ranges; the siliceous manganese ores so far found are 
 not yet proven to be definite manganese silicates and have not been 
 definitely named. The ore of shipping grade merges gradually into 
 the siliceous wall rock without definite lines of separation. The wall 
 surrounding the ore is often stained black, and this stained chert is 
 very deceiving to the uninitiated prospector, who is led to think he 
 has a larger ore body than is usually the case. The Aveight of the 
 
 "Harder, E. C, Manganese deposits of the United States: U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 
 427, 191U. 
 
14 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 liaud specimen, the luster, hardness, manner of fracturing, and color 
 of the streak left when the specimen is sera t died by steel, are dis- 
 tinguishing characteristics. 
 
 Psilomelane is the chief mineral in ore of higher grade. This min- 
 eral has an unmistakable bluish black color when of good grade. It 
 is scratched with difficulty by steel and has a shiny, dark streak. It 
 occurs massive, is very heavy and has a conchoidal fracture. It does 
 not have a definite composition and in the California deposits always 
 has one or both of the softer oxides, pyrolusite and wad, associated 
 with it, as' powdery fillings in seams and cavities. One mine in San 
 Luis Obispo Countj^ is producing hausmannite. This is chocolate 
 brown, has a rusty yellowish brown streak, granular structure, and 
 hardness of 5.5. It is an anhydrous oxide, Mn^O^, which changes by 
 hydration to psilomelane. California oxide ore is seldom crystalline 
 or of definite chemical composition, and the application of a mineral 
 name to it can only be approximate. Louderl)ack'- states that iron 
 rarely exceeds 2% in Coast Kange ore; phosi^horus and sulphur are 
 either very low or absent, and silica is apt to run from 10% to 20% 
 in ores which carry 40% to 45% manganese. The latter is the only 
 impurity causing any difficulty, and of course is of constant occur- 
 rence. 
 
 The cases where manganese oxide occurs deposited secondarily from 
 solution after migration through cracks, fault planes or along eon- 
 tacts, are of no importance in our Coast Range deposits. Sometimes 
 the multitude of tiny cross fractures in thin-bedded chert have been 
 traversed by ground water, carrying manganese oxide which was 
 deposited as a very thin, evenly distributed film on all the surfaces 
 of the chert. 
 
 Southern Coast Counties. 
 
 Santa Barbara County has some small, remote prospects about ten 
 miles from Los Olivos where a few tons of ore are reported, but no 
 shipments have been made yet. 
 
 In San Luis Obispo County lenses of chert occur at frequent inter- 
 vals in the Franciscan area which traverses the Los Osos Mountains, 
 lying between San Luis Obispo and the Coast. Manganese occurs in 
 most of these lenses and two properties have lately been opened which 
 are producing the highest grade ore being marketed from the State. 
 These properties are the southernmost of the prospects so far reported, 
 but the chert lenses are also of frequent occurrence throughout the 
 Franciscan belt which strikes northwest across the entire county on 
 the west slope of the Santa Lucia Range, and no reason is known why 
 
 ^-Liouderback, G. D., California manganese problem : Mining and Scientific Press, 
 Marcli 30, 1918. 
 
Manganese and chromium. 15 
 
 the productive area for inangaiiese slioiild not l)e extended by pros- 
 pecting. The two properties which are i)roducing are 8 and 10 miles, 
 respectively, from San Luis Obispo, the shipping point, and ore is hauled 
 down grade all the way in auto trucks. Near the surface the ore was 
 psilomelane chiefly, but at depth is proving to be hausma unite, the 
 anhydrous oxide MngO^. Recently the rate of production from one of 
 these properties was reported to be six to seven cars monthly, and 
 production has also begun on the other property. The best carload 
 from the Staneuch deposit carried 78.1% MnO^. (See description 
 under San Luis Obispo County for complete analysis.) 
 
 Other prospects have been noted at several places on the west slope 
 of the Santa Lucia Range, but no work has been done yet on any of 
 these. Some of them have been turned dowai on the strength of 
 anah^ses of samples taken from the outcrop. This is poor practice, to 
 say the least. The opening of the tw^o good properties in the Prefumo 
 Canou District seems ample incentive for a closer investigation of 
 other known prospects in the county, as well as for new prospecting 
 which may reveal additional possibilities. 
 
 The Franciscan area extending northw^estward into Monterey 
 County traverses a rough and sparsely settled district along the coast, 
 w^here only one prospect had been reported to date. 
 
 Counties West of San Joaquin Valley. 
 
 Franciscan rocks form the upper portions of the Diablo Range, 
 which extends northw^estward along the line between San Benito and 
 Merced Counties. These Franciscan rocks cover also the eastern 
 hilly portions of Santa Clara and Alameda Counties, the southwest 
 corner of San Joaquin and the western part of Stanislaus. All these 
 counties have producing manganese mines or promising prospects. 
 These properties are geologically similar in all respects to the other 
 Coast Range deposits. 
 
 Production has been made to date from only one of the properties 
 in San Benito and Merced Counties. This is the Hendricks Mine, 21 
 miles east of Tres Pinos. Other prospects in the district are best 
 reached by road from that town, which is the railroad terminal. They 
 lie along the summit of the range at distances of from 18 to 30 miles 
 from the town and in most cases would require s.ome road building 
 before ore could be taken out. Aside from this, roads are good and 
 favor traffic to Tres Pinos. The Briggs Mine, 26 miles from town, 
 makes a promising showing. Other prospects have been leased lately. 
 The climate is very mild here and rainfall is light, offering only tem- 
 porary interruption to work or hauling. 
 
16 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 The manganese properties of Santa ('lara, Alameda, San Joaquin 
 and Stanislaus Counties are grouped in a rather small area where the 
 four counties corner in rough, hilly country. 
 
 Livermore is the shipping point for most of the properties in Santa 
 Clara County, but a narrow guage railroad from Patterson runs near 
 some of them. The total production from this county for the past 
 two years has been about 800 tons from seven properties. The haul 
 to Livermore ranges from 25 to 35 miles. The Patterson and Wcjsteni 
 railroad offers facilities which have stimulated ]U'ospecting near its 
 western terminus, but i)roducti<)n has been small there so far. 
 
 Production from Alameda County in l!)l(i and 1!)17 totalled a])()nt 
 170(1 tons, taken largely from two or Ihrce proixTt ics on ]\Ian Ridge, 
 while smaller yield was made by several others. The properties lie 
 from 9 to 22 miles southeast of Livermore. Rainy weather in the 
 higher sections interrupts hauling. 
 
 The largest producer and the pioneer in manganese mining in the 
 State is the Ladd .Mine in San Joaquin County. Total production here 
 to date has been over 15,000 tons and there is still a good reserve of 
 ore. Except for its size, this property is not considered different 
 geologically from other Coast Range deposits. It is the only one 
 in the State ecjuipped with crushing and screening machinery. Just 
 .south and east of the Ladd Mine a large lens of manganese ore pro- 
 duced about 8000 tons in 1916. These properties are two to three 
 miles from ]\Ianganese Station on the "Western Pacific Railway. Both 
 are maintaining a satisfactory output. 
 
 Stanislaus County's production has been about 1000 tons in the 
 past two years, and has been chietiy from two properties. Vernalis, 
 the principal shipping point, is 14 or 15 miles distant. Some new 
 development is promised from properties on ]Mt. Oso, and the outlook 
 is generally good for augmented production in 1918, 
 
 Coast Ranges North of San Francisco Bay. 
 
 This grou}) includes Marin, Sonoma, Napa, Lake, ]\Iendocino and 
 part of IIum])oldt (^ounties. Lake and Sonoma have yielded a few 
 hundred tons. Mendocino was the leading producer in the State in 
 1915, with nearly 8000 tons reported, second in 1916 with over 1700 
 tons, and third in 1917, with over 1500 tons. Most of this ore has 
 come from two properties : the Thomas Mine, and the Foster Mountain 
 Mine. Ore from the former is hauled 6 miles to Redwood Station at 
 a cost of $3.00 a ton ; from the latter, a 14 mile haul to Willits costs 
 $7.00 a ton. Remoteness from transportation hinders the develop- 
 ment of many other properties. Among these may be mentioned the 
 prospects on Mt. Sanhedrin, 25 miles east of Willits, where both oxide 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 17 
 
 and carbonate ores liave been fonnd. Two deposits in lIunil)oklt 
 County began production in June, ]f)18. Ore is hauled to Carlotta 
 and Ft. Seward, and several carloads are said to have been shipped 
 already. There are a few undeveloped manganese prospects 3 or 4 
 miles from the railroad in the southwestern part of Trinity County 
 Avhieh properly belong in the Coast Range province. One had pro- 
 duced a carload of ore up to the end of 1917. 
 
 Klamath Mountain Region. 
 
 This includes parts of Trinity, Siskiyou and Shasta Counties. The 
 properties in Trinity County are about 71 miles from the railroad at 
 Redding, and remote from the wagon road. Some prospecting has 
 been done on two of them, but enough ore has not yet been developed 
 to justify the necessary 13 or 14 miles of road to Wildwood. One 
 property, the Caudwell Prospect, is promising and is being prospected 
 this season. Most of the manganese prospects in Siskiyou County 
 are as far from transportation as are those in Trinity. There is a 
 promising prospect near Sawyer's Bar, which is separated from the 
 railroad by a 53-mile haul over a divide about 6000 feet high. The 
 writer also noted several outcrops of siliceous black oxides, super- 
 ficially of low grade and undeveloped, on the Blue Ridge between the 
 Forks of Salmon River at elevations between 5000 and 6000 feet. 
 Chert occupies a great deal of the country between Tanner's Peak, 
 the New River Divide and Orleans Basin, and manganese oxides are 
 apt to be found in it anywhere. Numerous claims have been staked 
 this' spring (1918) on prospects in this territory, which is accessible 
 only by rough pack trails from Sawyer's Bar, Forks of Salmon, and 
 Orleans. If any of these should be developed to the productive stage, 
 ore would have to be packed out, preferably to Orleans, from which 
 a fair road would permit hauling by auto trucks during dry weather 
 to Korbel, 62 miles distant. Two prospects have been opened east 
 of the mountains, one in Cottonwood District from which ore can be 
 hauled to Ager, and the other in Deadwood District, 6 miles from Fort 
 Jones; Early production is promised from both. Shasta County's 
 production of manganese came from a siliceous ore body 1 mile from 
 the Heroult smelter, where an attempt to make silico-manganese from 
 the ore was abandoned as unprofitable. 
 
 Counties West of Sacramento Valley. 
 
 Three counties in this group, whose western portions are geologi- 
 cally linked with the Coast Ranges, but which are easiest reached 
 from the east, contain manganese prospects in the Franciscan cherts. 
 In Colusa County some work was done years ago on a prospect near 
 Fonts Springs, but it was abandoned without production. Two 
 
 2—38958 
 
18 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 properties in Glenn County, 25 and 30 miles respectively, west of Fruto, 
 have produced a few hundred tons, and one of them is still active. 
 Near the south county line, just within Tehama County and 34 miles 
 from the railroad at Corning, there are two undeveloped claims on 
 which some work seems warranted, to judge by the grade of material 
 exposed on the surface. These are near the east edge of the Franciscan 
 area and just within the California National Forest. Going west 
 toward the summit of the divide and north tow^ard Tom Head Peak, 
 there are reported to be other prospects of manganese. The country 
 in these directions is rugged and little frequented except by stockmen. 
 
 Sierra Nevada Mountain Counties. 
 
 In this group of counties, manganese properties have been reported 
 from Plumas, Butte, Nevada, Placer, Amador, Calaveras, Tuolumne 
 and Tulare. The black oxides of manganese occur commonly in 
 irregular shaped bodies enclosed in lenses of quartz, and as far as 
 visited by the field men of this Bureau, appear to differ entirely from 
 the Coast Range deposits. 
 
 Plumas County has l)een the largest producer of the group, one 
 property having yielded over 1000 tons and another over 500 tons. 
 Properties so far opened are near Crescent Mills, Indian Falls and 
 Quincy. Only one of three properties near Clipper Mills in Butte 
 County has produced. 
 
 Production from Nevada County so far has been a few carloads 
 from tw^o properties, one 7 miles from Colfax near the west bank of 
 Bear River, and the other about 16 miles from Auburn in the Lime 
 Kiln District. A recent discovery is reported to have been made on 
 South Yuba River, one mile from Washington. Geological conditions 
 are said to be similar to those described under Placer County, where 
 mining is going on in a small way near the side of the road from Col- 
 fax to Yankee Jim. The prospects are 9^ miles from Colfax. The 
 mixed hard and soft black oxides of manganese are found in places 
 as small, irregular bunches enclosed in quartz lenses which strike 
 N. 5° W. and dip nearly vertically, in conformity with the enclosing 
 rocks which have been altered to clay at the surface and are mapped 
 as Calaveras formation (Carboniferous). Twenty tons of ore from 
 one such prospect was said to carry 51.6% manganese. At a depth 
 of 7 feet this ore was merging into rhodonite and carbonate. The 
 indications so far point to the probability of numerous small, super- 
 ficial ore bodies in this Carboniferous area, which extends to North 
 Bloomfield. The long upgrade from the river to Colfax gives an 
 expensive haul and the road is very heavy, though not absolutely 
 impassable, in winter. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 19 
 
 Production from Amador Comity has l)eeii from one i)r()i)erty near 
 Defender. Calaveras has made no production, and only one carload 
 has been shipped from Tuolumne County, although new prospects are 
 reported from the southwest end of the county, near the river, above 
 Moccasin Creek. 
 
 Southern California. 
 
 The manganese deposits in the counties of Inyo, San Bernardino, 
 Los Angeles, Riverside and Imperial are typically vein deposits, and 
 of these the fissure deposits seem to be the more common, although there 
 are several contact deposits described in the report. In the desert 
 country, intrusive rocks commonly carry the mixed manganese oxides 
 in narrow, well-defined veins. Psilomelane, with its characteristic 
 botryoidal surface, is a prominent ore. The silicate rhodonite has 
 been noted and will probably be found in greater quantity as develop- 
 ment at depth is done. An interesting type of deposit is found in 
 San Bernardino County where a foot of-pyrolusite is reported on a 
 contact of limestone and granite. Pyrolusite is also reported from 
 the Owl Hole Mine in that county in contacts and as fissure filling 
 in a system of parallel veins in granite. It is thought that the lime- 
 stone originally covered most of the granite and that the ore deposi- 
 tion occurred at the same time in the contact and in the underlying 
 fissures in granite, but that the limestone has since been largely re- 
 moved by erosion. 
 
 Riverside and Imperial Counties have been the principal producers. 
 The Black Jack Mine in Riverside County produced about 1500 tons 
 in 1915 and 1916 and production was resumed in 1917, the ore lately 
 shipped being clean, high-grade oxide carrying from 44% to 54% 
 manganese and from 1% to 6% silica. Mineral Station is the prin- 
 cipal shipping point for Riverside County, the haul being from 2 to 23 
 miles over desert roads. Glamis, Imperial County, is another import- 
 ant shipping point. 
 
 The Owl Hole JMine in San Bernardino County was a large pro- 
 ducer in 1916. The ore-body is as much as 6 feet wide. Ore carrying 
 75% MnOo and less than 1% Fe^Og was shipped for chemical use, 
 while lower grade ore was shipped for steel making. Riggs, 35 miles 
 distant on the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad, is the shipping point. 
 This property became active again in May, 1918, after being idle in 
 litigation for a year. 
 
 POSSIBILITIES OF CONCENTRATING MANGANESE ORES. 
 After rather extensive tests carried on under his supervision at the 
 University of California, Professor E. A. Hersam has recently reviewed 
 the possibilities of applying the different methods of concentration 
 
20 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 to California manganese ores^^, and his conclusions are summarized 
 below. 
 
 As a preliminary step to concentration by other means, dry crush- 
 ing and screening was tried. It was found that the finer material 
 was usually richer than the coarser, at any stage, in the case of 
 pyrolusite or other soft oxide ore, but not in the case of the carbonate 
 and some silicate ores. The separation was in no case sufficiently 
 clean to be termed concentration. 
 
 Gravity concentration tests were not very satisfactory. The man- 
 ganese minerals as a whole are not greatly superior in density to the 
 gangue minerals ; manganese minerals generally slime excessively in 
 crushing, and are usually not well separated from the gangue. Be- 
 cause of these facts, wet concentration is apt to be imperfect, yielding 
 a large proportion of a middlings product which is hard to handle. 
 The only ores which appear susceptil)le to this mode of treatment are 
 hard, pure ores which will break free from gangue. 
 
 Author's Note: Certain of the Southern CaHfornia deposits, where high grade 
 ore occurs in narrow but well-dolini'd veins and stringers, divided sharply from the 
 wall rocks, appear to be tlie most promising for tests of this kind. Concentration 
 tests are now being made in tlie south on suili ore from Riverside County. 
 
 Flotation and electro-static separation were not successful, ])ut mag- 
 netic separation seems to have possibilities. Experiments l\v this 
 method on a carbonate ore gave a concentrate carrying 38.6% man- 
 ganese and a recovery of 96.7%. The same method applied after 
 roasting the ore gave a recovery of 93.4% in a concentrate carrying 
 50.9% manganese. Here also, it was found that the hard, high-grade 
 material Avas readily attracted and saved, but the softer particles such 
 as pyrolusite, and the minerals which cannot be cleanly separated 
 from gangue, gave less satisfactory results. Solution of the man- 
 ganese minerals by sidphuric acid and deposition by electrolysis 
 apparently would be applicable, as far as the extraction obtainable 
 and equality of product are concerned. 
 
 ELECTRIC SMELTERS. 
 
 The Noble Electric Steel Company is operating two electric fur- 
 naces at their Heroult Smelter in Shasta County, making ferro-man- 
 ganese. The electrodes used are 12" and 1500 k.w. are used on each 
 electrode. Furnaces are lined with silica brick. Power is obtained 
 from Northern California Power Company. 
 
 The ores used come mostly from Californiit, and the contributing 
 properties are scattered from one end of the state to the other. The 
 company develops many properties and also buys ores from producers. 
 They are the largest consumers of California manganese and the mar- 
 
 "Hersam, E. A., The possible treatment of manganese ores in California: Univ. 
 Calif. Publ. Engin. Vol. 2, No. 1, 1918. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 21 
 
 ];ot for their product is well established in the east. There is a great 
 variation in ore, but a general average is 40% manganese, 16% silica, 
 1% to 3%, iron, with sulphur and ])hosphorus entirely absent or 
 present only in traces. Ore is delivered by rail to the smelter bins. 
 From the ore and fluxes the constituents of the charge are draw^n into 
 a scale car. The make-up of an average charge is a follows for 80% 
 f erro-manganese : 
 
 1 Ton 50%' manganese ore (Average tenor of ore is lower). 
 
 800# Lime Rock. 
 
 60}f Fluorspar (shipped from Colorado). 
 
 70# Iron Ore. 
 
 550# Charcoal or Coke (crushed fine). 
 
 From the scale ear the charge is dumped down a gravity chute to 
 the furnace, and mixes on the way, being also hand spread in the 
 furnace. Metal is tapped every 3 hours, at a temperature of 1400° C. 
 The button weighs about 1000 pounds. Each furnace produces 7 to 8 
 tons of ferro-manganese in 24 hours. The product varies from 70% 
 to 80% manganese. Average content is said to be : 
 
 F'or 70% product For 80c; product 
 
 70%; Manganese ■_ 80% 
 
 20% Iron 12%, 
 
 6% Carbon 6% 
 
 1% to 3% Silicon 1% to 3%, 
 
 Phosphorus and suljihur absent, or only as traces. 
 
 A recovery of 65% to 70% of the manganese in the ore is claimed. 
 The slag carries 10%. to 18% manganese. At present there appears 
 to be no way of utilizing this economically. The lowest grade ore 
 which they state they can use is 38% manganese and not over 19% 
 silica. Some time ago they tried to make silico-manganese from ore 
 mined near the smelter. This ore carried 20% manganese, 34% silica, 
 6.72% iron, and some sulphur, and the attempt to smelt it did not prove 
 financially successful. 
 
 During the first quarter of 1918 the smelter treated al)out 3000 tons 
 of California manganese ore. Some coke made in California from 
 petroleum residue has been used whenever obtainable at a price war- 
 ranting its purchase. The problem of electrode supply has been 
 temporarily solved by a new supply from the east. As soon as pos- 
 sible it is planned to substitute 20" carbon electrodes for 12". 
 
22 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Intermittently, small amounts of ferro-silicon are made in a smaller 
 furnace (600 k.w. capacity). The charge for making 75% ferro- 
 silicon is: 
 
 1 Ton siliceous material (85% silica, 5%-10% iron). 
 
 1000# Charcoal. 
 
 400# Iron ore (local ore carries 68% Fe, 1-2%- SiO,). 
 
 This furnace is lined with silica. Metal is tapped at 1550° C. The 
 market for this product is not regular enough to justify steady pro- 
 duction. 
 
 Pacific Electro Metals Company, 593 Market St., San Francisco, 
 have a new plant at Bay Point w^here they are making silico-man- 
 ganese. Some ferro-manganese has been made. Additional furnaces 
 will be added and ferro-chrome, ferro-nickel, ferro-tungsten and ferro- 
 molybdenum may be made later. At present one furnace is in opera- 
 tion and can turn out 32 tons silico-manganese daily. Another of 
 ecpial capacity is pai'tly l)uilt. The plant was designed by Beck- 
 man and Linden Engineering (-orporation of San Francisco, and was 
 financed by western capital. California materials are used, and it is 
 gratifying to note that the state is capable of establishing and main- 
 taining such an industry entirely without assistance from the east. 
 With better transportation conditions and more cordial co-operation 
 on the part of government agencies it is said that progress would be 
 better. 
 
 The main furnace building is of reinforced concrete and 120 ft. x 50 
 ft. The furnace has a capacity of 3000 k.w. and is 3-phase with open 
 top. The electrodes are 24 inches in diameter, are hexagonal in shape 
 and 7 feet long. Trouble was caused at first by difficulty in getting 
 electrodes. More recently, the company has erected a plant in which 
 experimental work is going on in making electrodes from lamp black 
 residue from local gas plants. Mr. Linden reports (Aug. 5, 1918) that 
 the success of the process is assured, and says that some electrodes 
 made in the plant are being used in the furnaces along with others of 
 eastern manufacture. 
 
 The charge is shovelled around the electrodes and metal is tapped 
 from the bottom, the process being continuous. In making silico- 
 manganese, an ore carrying not less than 40% manganese and not 
 over 20% silica is used, but one carrying 36% manganese and not over 
 18% silica could be used. The charge consists of ore, coke and iron 
 turnings up to 3" in diameter. Some of the coke used has been made 
 locally from residue of California oil refineries. The silico-manganese 
 produced carries 50% to 55%; manganese, 20% to 25% silica, less 
 than 1% carbon, not over .18% phosphorus and trace of sulphur. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 23 
 
 Sample lots of ferro-manganese made in test runs, carried 80% man- 
 ganese, 3% carbon, 2% silica, balance iron. 
 
 AVith the completion of the other large furnace and 3 others of 300 
 k.w. capacity, the company will be in position to make the other 
 ferro-alloys. This plant provides a market for such products as gas 
 plant lamp black and crude oil residue coke, which have heretofore 
 been of little or no value. By shipping to the east a silico-manganese 
 of above analysis, there is also a saving in railroad rolling stock. A 
 much greater actual Aveight of manganese is contained in a carload 
 of the silico-manganese than in an average carload of crude ore; if 
 we consider the average tenor of crude ore shipped from California 
 mines to the east for metallurgical purposes to be 42% manganese, 
 8 carloads of 55% silico-manganese would represent 9 cars of crude 
 ore. This saving of freight also ought to help the California miner to 
 overcome the handicap imposed by the establishment of a government 
 price on manganese ore, based on delivery at South Chicago. The 
 enterprise certainly deserves co-operation from federal agencies, as 
 well as from local people. 
 
24 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 MINES. 
 
 ALAMEDA COUNTY. 
 Tesla District. 
 
 South and east from Tesla in Alameda County is an extensive area 
 of Franciscan formations, consisting mainl}- of sandstones, and serpen- 
 tine with lenses of chert. This Franciscan area is approximately two 
 townships (12 miles) wide at its northern edge along the south side 
 of Corral Hollow Creek, and at three townships south of there it is at 
 least three townships (18 miles) wide. (See Map, Plate II.) It extends 
 into San Joaquin, Santa Clara and Stani.slaus counties. The main 
 ridges of the Diablo Range in this district run nearly NE.-SW. 
 
 Exploration and development work have revealed three main mineral- 
 ized belts in this area : 1. An eastern belt, largely of chert and contain- 
 ing deposits of manganese, some of them yielding ore of very good 
 grade. This belt is entirely on the east side of the "Divide." that is, 
 on the side of the drainage towards the San Joaquin River. 2. A western 
 belt, largely of serpentine bodies but with chert and sandstone also 
 present. In the serpentine are found the deposits of magnesite, and 
 a few of chromite; while in the chert, deposits of manganese have been 
 noted, and a few of them worked. This belt follows along the line of the 
 Arroyo Mocho and the ridge on its westerly side, but continues on to the 
 southeast beyond the headwaters of the Arroyo Mocho, following the 
 Red Mountains divide for some distance. 3. Between these two above- 
 noted belts, at least in tlie northern part of the area under consideration, 
 there appears to be a third belt, showing deposits of manganese of lower 
 grade than those of the other belts. 
 
 Llauganese carbonate is found associated with the oxides, at several 
 places in the Tesla district, particularly in the northern part of the 
 eastern belt. The manganese ore bodies, whether veins or lenses, 
 though occurring in somewhat regular belts as noted above, have 
 no regularity of strike nor of dip. The strikes of the individual ore 
 bodies vary through all intermediate angles from N.-S. to E.-W. They 
 occur as interbedded lenses in jaspers of the Franciscan formation, 
 varying in extent and thickness as well as character. In places the ore 
 is deposited as the porous black dioxide, but often merely as stains along 
 cracks in the jasper. 
 
 A few of the deposits were worked in the seventies and occasional 
 mining has been done since. However, more of them are merely pros- 
 pects and no large mines have been developed except the Ladd Mine in 
 San Joaquin County and, more recently, the Buckeye IMine in Stanislaus 
 County. The total production from 1894 to 1916, inclusive, was only 
 5264 tons, this total representing the output of several different deposits, 
 some of which are now exhausted. 
 
25 
 
 4, T. 4 S., 
 ast of the 
 there is a 
 he largest 
 
 four feet 
 mnel was 
 developed 
 ■ral strike 
 St. John 
 
 had been 
 
 the above 
 opened in 
 work has 
 is deposit 
 is jasper, 
 ers differ 
 The same 
 Most of 
 lish gray 
 
 few feet 
 itained in 
 as seams 
 are later 
 ill that is 
 
 s. Forty 
 
 st of and 
 
 ; a small 
 
 T. Over- 
 
 . 16 miles 
 ., R. 4 E. 
 ig jasper 
 pped and 
 
 Crocker 
 
PLATE II. 
 
 "MCOMPANYINC BUUETlMW'' 
 
 - T 6 S.B-81 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE.- MINING -BUREAU' 
 
 MAP 
 
 OF A PORTION OF 
 
 CENTRAL CAUFORNLV 
 
 SHOWING LOCATIONS OF 
 
 I)epositsofChroTfflum,Magrieslte&Mangaiiese 
 
 DECEMBER, I9I7 
 
 LEGEND 
 
 ^^^ WIMSHIP PROP \'''-^''-/\ CROCKER PROP. 
 • CHROMIUM A MASNES1TE. 
 
 a CROCKER IWIMSMIP 
 ^ MAM&ATIESC 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 25 
 
 Bailey Mine. See Newhall Lease. 
 
 John Beraudiere Mine is in the NE. i of NW. i of Sec. 14, T. 4 S., 
 R. 3 E., 12 miles southeast of Livermore on the ridge northeast of the 
 Arroyo JNIocho at an elevation of 1750 feet. On the surface there is a 
 large outcrop of jasper heavily stained with manganese. The largest 
 of several open cuts made here exposed a bed of ore about four feet 
 wide. Twenty-five feet vertically below the outcrop a tunnel was 
 driven 60 feet and met a small open cut from the top, but develoi)ed 
 no ore, as it was driven to one side of the deposit. The general strike 
 of the bed is north and south with a dip of 50° to the east. John 
 Beraudiere of Livermore is the owner. Forty-seven tons of ore had been 
 produced here at the time of last visit. 
 
 Black Jack Mine is in the NE. | of the same section as the above 
 Beraudiere IMine adjoining it on the southeast. It was first opened in 
 1885 and some small shipments made. Very little development work has 
 been done in recent years and no ore shipped since 1896. This deposit 
 is described by E. C. Harder* as follows: "The country rock is jasper, 
 thin layered and separated by seams of shale. The jasper layers differ 
 in thickness from a fraction of an inch to several feet thick. The same 
 h\yer varies in thickness, pinching out locally in many places. Most of 
 the shale seams are thin. Both shale and jasper are greenish gray 
 except where stained red or black by iron or manganese. 
 
 "The ore occurs in several interbedded lenses or pockets a few feet 
 thick and of small extent. It is a soft, friable black oxide contained in 
 cavities between numerous interesecting quartz seams, or as seams 
 intersecting jasper fragments. Most of the quartz seams are later 
 infiltrations. * * * The deposits commonly have a footwall that is 
 thin-bedded and more shaly than the hanging wall." 
 
 Development consists of 35-foot tunnel and several small cuts. Forty 
 tons of ore have been produced. 
 
 There are several small croppings on this propertj- southeast of and 
 below the Black Jack. A couple of shallow trenches expose a small 
 deposit below the road. It was idle at the time visited. Horace T. Over- 
 acker of Livermore is the owner. 
 
 Bibl.: Bull. 38. p. 335; IT. S. G. S. Bull. 427. pp. 161-162. 
 
 Buckhorn Claim. Chas. J. Jansou of Livermore has a claim 16 miles 
 southeast of Livermore on the Arroyo Mocho in Sec. 31, T. -4 S., R. l E. 
 A few shallow cuts have been made on a prominently outcropping jasper 
 ledge exposing some high grade ore. No ore has as yet been shipped and 
 only assessment work done ])y owner. 
 
 Camp No. 9 (formerly known as the Merchant Mine). See Crocker 
 Properties. 
 
 *U. S. G. S. Bull., 427, pp. 161-162. 
 
24 
 
 Tesla Distri 
 
 South, ar 
 of Francis( 
 tine with 1 
 townships 
 of Corral ] 
 least three 
 into San t 
 ridges of tl 
 
 Explorat 
 ized belts i: 
 ing deposit 
 grade. Th 
 on the side 
 belt, largel 
 present. 1 
 a few of cl 
 noted, and 
 Arroyo Moi 
 southeast 1 
 Red :\Ionnt 
 noted belts, 
 there appcc 
 grade than 
 
 Mangane 
 places in t 
 eastern bei 
 though oc( 
 no regular] 
 bodies vary 
 occur as h 
 varying in 
 is deposited 
 cracks in tl 
 
 A few ol 
 mining has 
 pects and ii 
 San Joaqui 
 County. 1 
 5264 tons, t 
 some of wh 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 25 
 
 Bailey Mine. See Newhall Lease. 
 
 John Beraudiere Mine is in the NE. i of NW. |- of See. 14, T. 4 S., 
 R. 3 E., 12 miles southeast of Livermore on the ridge northeast of the 
 Arroyo Mocho at an elevation of 1750 feet. On the surface there is a 
 large outcrop of jasper heavily stained with manganese. The largest 
 of several open cuts made here exposed a bed of ore about four feet 
 wide. Twenty-five feet vertically below the outcrop a tunnel Avas 
 driven 60 feet and met a small open cut from the top, but developed 
 no ore, as it was driven to one side of the deposit. The general strike 
 of the bed is north and south witli a dip of 50° to the east. John 
 Beraudiere of Livermore is the owner. Forty-seven tons of ore had been 
 produced here at the time of last visit. 
 
 Black Jack Mine is in the NE. \ of the same section as the above 
 Beraudiere Mine adjoining it on the southeast. It was first opened in 
 1885 and some small shipments made. Very little development Avork has 
 been done in recent years and no ore shipped since 1896. This deposit 
 is described by E. C. Harder* as follows: "The country rock is jasper, 
 thin layered and separated by seams of shale. The jasper layers differ 
 in thickness from a fraction of an inch to several feet thick. The same 
 layer varies in thickness, pinching out locally in many places. jMost of 
 the shale seams are thin. Both shale and jasper are greenish gray 
 except Avhere stained red or black by iron or manganese. 
 
 "The ore occurs in several interbedded lenses or pockets a few feet 
 thick and of small extent. It is a soft, friable black oxide contained in 
 cavities between numerous interesecting quartz seams, or as seams 
 intersecting jasper fragments. Most of the quartz seams are later 
 infiltrations. * * * The deposits commonly have a footwall that is 
 tliin-bedded and more shaly than the hanging Avail." 
 
 DeA'elopment consists of 35-foot tunnel and several small cuts. Forty 
 tons of ore haA'e been produced. 
 
 There are several small croppings on this propertj^ southeast of and 
 beloAV the Black Jack. A couple of shallow trenches expose a small 
 deposit beloAV the road. It was idle at the time visited. Horace T. Over- 
 acker of Livermore is the owner. 
 
 Bibl: Bull. 38. p. 335; U. S. G. S. Bull. 427, pp. 161-162. 
 
 Buckhorn Claim. Chas. J. Janson of Livermore has a claim 16 miles 
 southeast of Livermore on the Arroyo Mocho in Sec. 31, T. 4 S., R. 4 E. 
 A few shallow cuts haA-e been made on a prominently outcropping jasper 
 ledge exposing some high grade ore. No ore has as yet been shipped and 
 only assessment Avork done l)y owner. 
 
 Camp No. 9 (formerly knoAvn as the Merchant Mine). See Crocker 
 Properties. 
 
 *U. S. G. S. Bull., 427, pp. 161-163. 
 
26 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Crocker Properties, M. I. Crocker, 1023 Insurance Exchange Build- 
 ing, San Francisco, owner. These include a number of patented sections 
 in T. 4 and 5 S., R. 3 E., southeast of Livermore. Indications of manga- 
 nese have been noted at several points, but at only one so far has com- 
 mercial production resulted; that is at the old Merchant Mine in the 
 NW. I of Sec. 9, T. 4 S., R. 3 E., on the Arroyo Mocho road 9 miles from 
 Livermore, also known locally as "Camp No. 9." It was opened first 
 in 1888, and some ore shipped. This section is under lease to James J. 
 Cummings, Livermore, Avho began operations in April, 1916, and he 
 had shipped about 1000 tons of manganese ore up to September, 1917. 
 The vein varies from 6" to 30" in width. The ore consists of both 
 black oxide and rhodochrosite, the carbonate of manganese. The latter 
 is called ' ' gray ore ' ' by the miners. The principal development work has 
 been done through two adit drifts, one being about five feet above the 
 level of the county road, all in oxide ore ; and the second 30'-40' below, 
 in carbonate and oxide ores. Stopes connect the two. 
 
 Crosby Prospects. Situated in SE. i of SW. i of Sec. 30, T. 4 S., 
 R. 3 E., one-half mile by trail from the Crosby Ranch, which lies 12 
 miles from Livermore. Owned by the Wm. Crosby Estate. On the 
 northerly prospect a large block containing about 50 tons of siliceous ore 
 is exposed on the surface. On the other prospect, about 500 feet south 
 of the first, there is a bed of massive chert three feet thick, containing 
 a few pockets of manganese oxide. The northerly prospect promises 
 to develop ore. 
 
 Cummings Lease, See Crocker Properties. 
 
 Dewhirst Mine. ]Mrs. Amanda Dew^hirst, Livermore, owner. Mc- 
 Donald and Clark of Oakland, lessees. Lies 12 miles southeast of 
 Livermore in NE. 1 of SW. ^ of Sec. 22, T. 4 S., R. 3 E., and is reached 
 by the Cedar Mountain road. A lenticular body of massive manganese 
 oxide ore striking east and dipping 50° south, in radiolarian chert, has 
 been exposed in an open cut and a drift. From the drift ore was stoped 
 nearly to the surface. Thirty tons of ore had been extracted and 
 sacked when the property was visited. 
 
 Donavan Lease. See Winship Properties. 
 
 ElHs Ranch Deposit. A small vein of manganese ore has been 
 exposed by an open cut on the ranch of Edward T. Ellis, eight miles 
 southeast of Livermore on the Tesla road, in Sec. 28, T. 3 S., R. 3 E. 
 Two small cuts, about ten feet apart, have been made on the vein which 
 outcrops near the bottom of a gulch one-fourth of a mile south of the 
 road. The ore is hard and blue black in color. Where exposed it was 
 about 18" in width." About ten tons of good ore was lying on the two 
 dumps. The property was idle. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 27 
 
 R. Friggel Prospect is in the NW. i of Sec. 22, T. 4 S., R. 3 E., near 
 the Dewhirst ]\Iine. Several blocks of siliceous manganese oxide lie in 
 the soil on this claim. The relation to the country rock is not clear, but 
 the manganese is thought to be landslide material. No commercial ore 
 was seen here. 
 
 The Jumbo Prospect lies just east of the John Beraudiere Mine, in 
 the NE. I of the NE. i of Sec. l-t, T. 4 S., R. 3 E., and is held by the 
 same owner, John Beraudiere. A small open cut and a short drift 
 revealed siliceous manganese oxides lying within grey radiolarian chert. 
 When visited in September, 1917, the manganese oxides exposed were 
 too siliceous to be of value. 
 
 Several other exposures of low-grade manganese have been found 
 nearby, south of the Jumbo. Some trenching has been done on these, 
 but no important orebody has been uncovered. 
 
 Kelly Ranch Deposit, ]Mrs. Kelly, Livermore, owner. Holbrook and 
 ]\IcGuire, San Francisco, lessees. This property lies at an elevation 
 of 1450', in Sec. 5, T. 4 S., R. 3 E., one mile northeast of a point on 
 the Arroyo Mocho Road, eight miles from Livermore. There are two 
 bodies of massive oxide ore here. The northern ore body varies from 
 five to seven feet in thickness and is separated from the southern ore 
 body by six feet of barren jasper. The latter is at least three feet 
 thick, but only one wall was exposed in September, 1917. Such ore as 
 was in sight then was rather siliceous. 
 
 Merchant Mine. See Crocker Properties. 
 
 Man Ridge Mine. See Scott and Winegar Mine. 
 
 Newhall Manganese Lease, sometimes called the Bailey Mine, is sit- 
 uated in the SW. i of NW. -j- of Sec. 10, T. 4 S., R. 3 E., ten miles SE. 
 of Livermore and one-fourth of a mile from the Arroyo Mocho Road, at 
 an elevation of 2,200 feet. The principal workings are on the west side 
 of a small tributary of Arroyo Mocho. Here a body of manganese oxide 
 one to four feet wide in jasper was exposed. Work on the east side of 
 the tributary revealed extremely siliceous manganese oxides. The 
 property was sub-leased to C. F. Wente in the summer of 1917. Up to 
 September, 1917, 200 tons had been produced. 
 
 Newman Manganese Mine, formerly called the Estacia or Fratis 
 Mine, is on Cedar ^Mountain, 12 miles southeast of Livermore in Sec. 
 22, T. 4 S., R. 3 E. This deposit has been worked in a small way at long 
 intervals since 1880. Lenses of manganese oxides high in silica occur 
 interbedded in jasper. The croppings have a strike of N. 30° W., and 
 dip about 25° SE. Various shallow cuts reveal some friable black 
 oxides of manganese in small cavities between numerous intersecting 
 quartz seams. On tlie north center of the SW. ^ of the section a small 
 
28 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 open cut exposed two feet of siliceous ore, probably not of commercial 
 grade. Leased to McDonald and Clark of Oakland in September, 1917. 
 Reay Deposit, W. R. Reay, #800 Bush street, San Francisco, owner, 
 is in Sec. 36, T. 3 S., R. 3' P]., M. D. M. On a line between Sec. 35 and Sec. 
 36 there are crnppings of rather good looking' manganese ore. About 300 
 yards or so east of the above-mentioned occurrence near the top of the 
 ridge and well within the boundaries of Sec. 36, is a large outcrop of 
 chert mixed with the black oxide of manganese. Undeveloped. An old 
 wagon road, which could be ])ut in repair for a nominal sum, passes 
 nearby via IMitchell Ravine to Corral Hollow near Carnegie, a distance 
 of two and one-half miles. Other occurrences of manganese have been 
 reported from this section also. 
 
 J. W. Root, Box No. 2, Livermore, reports (May, 1918) that he has, 
 ready to haul, four carloads of manganese ore which he mined from a 
 recently located claim on Man Ridge. His property is on the southwest 
 side of the ridge in either Sec. 7 or 18 of T. 5 S., R. 4 E. 
 
 Scott and Wineg-ar Mine, sometimes known as the Man Ridge Mine, 
 
 comprises two claims owned by Chas. Scott and P. S. Winegar of Liver- 
 more. Reached by two and one-half miles of rough road connecting 
 with the Arroyo Mocho Rond, at a point 20 miles southeast of Liver- 
 more. I'he mine is near the summit on the south slope of Man Ridge in 
 unsurveyed land wliich would be in Sec. 7, T. 5 S., R. 4 E. On the south 
 side of a small knul) tliei-e are some caved workings from which the 
 Noble Electric Steel Company produced about 600 tons of ore in the 
 spring of 1917. The elevations of different workings vary and it is not 
 clear if all the exposed ore is in the same or in diff.erent horizons; 
 some faulting is seen, however. In one working two distinct horizons 
 of ore occur, separated by a few feet of barren, thin-bedded chert. 
 
 On the north side of the same knob, Elliott and Searles of Oakland, 
 have opened new workings, from which 350 tons of ore had l)een 
 produced up to October 31, 1917. The orebody here is 10' to 12' thick, 
 but its relation with the surrounding cherts is obscured. 
 
 Winegar Manganese Claim, owned by H. V. Winegar of Livermore 
 is 20 miles southea.st of that town, in the ridge east of Arroyo Mocho 
 alongside the Camp Bessie Road. The country rocks are sandstone 
 and shale, enclosing a few stray l)locks of impure manganese oxides. 
 Development work consists of a short tunnel, said to cut a lens of 
 manganese oxide. Vcm-v little work has been done here in recent years. 
 
 Winship Properties, K. 1). Winship, #350 Post Street, San Francisco, 
 owner. In Alameda County, near Tesla, these properties include the 
 following sections (See map, Plate II) which have manganese prospects 
 or workings : Sec. 35, T. 3 S., R. 3 E. ; Sec. 1 and 3, T. 4 S., R. 3 E., Sec. 31, 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 29 
 
 T. 3 8., K. 4 K.. M. I). M.. leased to Joseph P. Donavan, Livennore. 
 Soino indications of manganese liave also Ixn-n noted on Sec. 7, T. 4 S., 
 R. 4 E., and on Sec. 7, T. 5 S., 7\. 4 E. Donavan reports (December 10, 
 ]917) that on Sec. 31, above-noted, he has driven a 250-foot crosscut, 
 and is now in a body of ore of good grade showing at least six feet in 
 width. 
 
 AMADOR COUNTY. 
 
 The Crocker-Preston pi-operty is in the SW. | of Sec. 35, T. 7 N., 
 R. 12 E., M. D. M., 1| miles south of Volcano, and is owned by ]M. I. 
 Crocker and J. W. Preston, Jr., 350 Post St., San Francisco. It is 12 
 miles from the railroad at IMartell. There is a mineralized zone which 
 strikes W. of N., stated to be traceable from Volcano for 2 miles soutli- 
 Avard, and was observed by the writer at two points at least ^ mile apart. 
 This zone appears to be at least 100' wide, and is on a contact between 
 limestone on the hanging-wall (east) and a schist on the west. The dip 
 is steep. The bulk of this material is siliceous, being a quartzite of the 
 C^alaveras series. There is also some cpiartz-mica schist. 
 
 AVithin this zone and striking more or le.ss parallel with it are lenses 
 of manganese ore, some of which resemble mineral springs' deposits 
 filling fissures in disturbed areas of the enclosing formation. So far as 
 exposed in the limited workings thus far opened up, these manganese 
 lenses vary up to at least 6'-8' in width, possibly wider. The deepest 
 working (August. 1918) is only down to about 25' below the surface. 
 This is in a shaft and crosscut which connects with it. The crosscut is 
 in about 40', aiul has a drift of about 20' along the strike. There are 
 several shallow open cuts. From these workings located on the back- 
 bone of a sharp ridge, about 30 tons of good-looking ore had been sorted 
 and piled up. A grab .sample taken by the writer from each of these 
 piles and combined, showed on anah'sis 46.04^^ ]\fn and 7.25% SiO„. 
 
 On the eastern edge of this ridge about 100' northeasterly from the 
 above-mentioned workings is an open cut which exposes a body of soft, 
 black ore, interlaced with ciuartz veinlets. Some 60 sacks (6000 lb.) 
 of this material had been gathered ready for shipment. A small sample 
 of this material, taken by the writer from the face of the cut, showed 
 on analysis 51.10% Mn and 12.97% SiO^. JNIuch of this silica could be 
 eliminated by screening. 
 
 Altogether, this is rather a favorable prospect and worthy of further 
 development. The quality of the ore is good, but the mode of occur- 
 rence is such that considerable care and judgment must be used in 
 adopting such a system of mining as will yield a mininunn of waste to 
 be handled. In such a case, it is best to stick rather close to the ore 
 lenses, at least until the nature and extent of them are better known. 
 
30 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 L. Everett of Mokelumne Hill reports an nndeveloped manganese 
 prospect four miles east of Pine Grove. 
 
 Peyton et al., Lease. About a half-mile northerly from the Crocker- 
 Preston property noted above, Lee Peyton et al., of Volcano, have a 
 lease on another, similar prospect on the same belt, in the NW. ^ of 
 Sec. 35. There is a shaft down 30', and a short open cut at the mouth 
 of the shaft. About 20 tons of ore had been (August, 1918) sorted out 
 for shipment, and it looked to be high grade. 
 
 Riihser & Hubberty. A deposit of manganese one-half mile south- 
 east of Defender is reported to have been worked by the Manganese 
 Company of California in 1916. It is reported that 250 tons of ore were 
 shipped and that about 50 tons remained on the dump because it could 
 not be hauled over the roads during the winter of 1916-1917. The 
 property is owned by F. W. Ruhser and Adam C. Hubberty of Jackson. 
 
 BUTTE COUNTY. 
 
 The Bear Canyon Mine is located one and one-half miles southeast 
 of Clipper Mills in Sec. 35, T. 20 N., R. 7 E., M. D. M. In 1916 the 
 Noble Electric Steel Corporation shipped 220 tons of 40% ore. The 
 orebod}^ varying from 4' to 20' wide was 50' long. Development work 
 consisted of a cross-cut tunnel. The ledge carrying manganese oxide 
 strikes east, and dips north in amphibolite near an area of serpentine. 
 
 The property has recently been leased to R. J. Bean of Clipper 
 ]\Iills, and R. C. Darby of Bangor, who are prospecting for more ore 
 and sorting the old dump. Owned by Geo. AV. Woolley of Clipper Mills. 
 
 The Powell Property consists of a 120-acre patent, located one mile 
 north of Clipper :\lilLs in Sec. 35, T. 20 N., R. 7 E., M. D. M. An 8" 
 siliceous manganese-bearing ledge striking N. 65° E. has been exposed 
 to a depth of 30 feet by a shaft. Another ledge striking east and 
 dipping 30° N. has been developed by a 50' open cut which exposes 
 30' of ledge matter. The property is now idle and owned by E. V. Powell 
 of Clipper Mills. 
 
 The View Point Property consists of a 160-acre patent in Sections 
 34 and 35 of T. 20 N., R. 7 E., M. D. M. The View Point ledge 
 outcrops for 40' and strikes N. 80° E. It is developed by an open cut 3' 
 wide and 6' long on the east end, and is about 12" wide. The westerly 
 20' of the outcrop is 20' wide, and is rather siliceous. The ore should 
 becomes less siliceous with depth. 
 
 Approximately 1500 feet east of the View Point ledge and 300 feet 
 from the road is a north-south ledge, very siliceous at outcrop, carrying 
 some manganese. This ledge has been opened in one place by an open 
 cut 6' deep and 20' long, which exposes 12" of silica on the surface, 
 below which is 12" of sugary quartz with some crystallized manganese 
 oxide and 4' of manganese with decomposed rock similar to that at the 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 31 
 
 View Point ledge. The south end of this same ledge is exposed within 
 150' of the road to the Bear Canyon mine. The exposure is very sili- 
 ceous and strikes north south for 20', being 18' wide. The property is 
 idle, but a small amount of development work has recently been done. 
 Owned by E. C. Binet of Clipper Mills. 
 Wooley Mine. See Bear Canyon Mine. 
 
 CALAVERAS COUNTY. 
 
 The Fortner Ranch deposit occurs on the top of a ridge two miles 
 northeast of San Andreas. Manganese oxide is associated with lenses of 
 quartz in mica schist. The ore bodies are said to be traceable for over 
 150' along the ridge, outcropping as irregular lenses a foot or two in 
 diameter which are subdivided into smaller pockets by a network of 
 quartz veins. Little development work has been done. Owned by the 
 Fortner Ranch, San Andreas. 
 
 The Manilla Manganese Property is in Sec. 27, T. 4 N., R. 11 E., 
 M. D. M., on Bear ^Mountain, six miles southeast of Valley Springs. The 
 extent of the deposit is not known, since no development work has been 
 done. An assay of a sample of the material taken from near the 
 surface shows 25% metallic manganese, 17.3'6% silica, and .055% 
 phosphorus. Owned by Dave Manilla of Angles Camp. 
 
 CONTRA COSTA COUNTY. 
 
 Manganese occurs on Red Rock, in San Francisco Bay, just oft' the 
 Contra Costa coast, and included within the county limits. This deposit 
 is described by A. C. Lawson* as follows: "The ore occurs on the 
 southwest side of the island as an integral part of the radiolarian chert. 
 The chert here has a west-northwest strike and a nearly vertical dip, 
 and consists of the usual rhythmical alternation of thin beds of hard, 
 flinty to quartzose chert and partings of shale, the whole having a 
 reddish color. A belt parallel to the strike of the chert includes 
 interstratified layers of psilomelane, which, by reason of their black 
 color, present a bold contrast to the adjoining rocks. Most of the 
 layers are about one-fourth to one-half inch thick and replace locally 
 the usual shale parting, but in places the psilomelane is much thicker. 
 Some of the layers of the chert adjoining these layers of psilomelane 
 are also so charged with that mineral as to be quite black, though they 
 are still hard and siliceous. The psilomelane also occurs in minute 
 particles in the shale between the chert beds, making it black. The 
 borders of the belt in which these layers of psilomelane occur are not 
 sharply defined, but the mineral has been mined in open cuts two to six 
 feet wide. The ore appears to be essentially a primary deposit, con- 
 temporaneous with the depositation of the silica that formed the cherts. 
 
 *U. S. G. S., San Francisco Folio, No. 193, p. 23. 
 
32 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 although doubtless some of the psilonielaue has since migrated into 
 adjoining beds. 
 
 ' ' The shale partings north of the manganese ore outcrop on Red Rock 
 are abnormally thick, generally measuring from half an inch to two 
 inches, and at some places the shale is one to two feet thick. It has a 
 soft, earth.y con.sistenee, and a shale structure and is prevailing red, 
 though the color grades locally into yellow. This shale was at one time 
 mined as mineral paint." 
 
 Same small bunches of manganese ore have been recently found on the 
 southeast side of Mt. Dial)lo. but nothing of connnercial consequence has 
 as yet been developed. 
 
 FRESNO COUNTY. 
 
 The Avery manganese property is located nine miles from Coalinga 
 on the road to Paso Robles. An assay of surface ore is said to have run 
 45% manganese and 20% .silica. No development work has been done. 
 The property is owned l)y George D. Averj^ of Porterville, Tulare 
 County. 
 
 The Woods manganese property is on government land on Pine Flat 
 near Piedra. The ore is said to carry 26% manganese and $4.00 per ton 
 in gold. The manganese is probalily sui)(M'ti('ial. Owned by "Jake" 
 Rice of Pine Flat. 
 
 GLENN COUNTY. 
 
 Black Diamond Mine. This property, embracing two claims, is in 
 Sections 14 and 28, T. 18 X., R. 7. W., 30 miles by a good auto road 
 southwest of Fruto, the shipping point. A body of manganese ore was 
 struck in driving a tunnel on a copper prospect. It was at first thought 
 to be very extensive as a width of 40 feet was exposed. Upon stoping, 
 however, it pinched 'down to a narrow stringer, yielding only about 
 100 tons of good ore. The ore was shipped last summer by A. II. Noyes 
 of San Francisco, who has a lease on the property. Although located 
 20 3'ears ago, this was the first ore produced. "Work ceased when 
 the lens pinched down, but the lessees expect to resume development 
 work by driving along the stringer in the near future. The orebody 
 does not outcrop. Owners, A. W. Sehorn et al. of Willows, Cal. 
 Bibl.: Rept. XIV, p. 198. 
 
 Rattlesnake Manganese Mine. About two miles northwest in an 
 air line from the Black Diamond ]\line, and on the same range of low 
 lying hills, is situated the Rattlesnake Mine. It is in the southeast 
 quarter of Section 6. T. 18 N., R. 6 AV., 25 miles by road from Fruto. 
 The 5-ton auto truck in which ore is hauled to the railroad loads 
 directly at the mine, which has been only recently opened. A deposit 
 of high-grade manganese ore, comprising essentially the oxides, psilome- 
 lane and pyrolusite occurs in red jasper beds, near a serpentine contact. 
 The strike of the beds is, in general, northwest and southeast, the dip 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 33 
 
 almost vertical. A shaft, now 20 feet deep, is being sunk and it 
 exposes an ore body four to six feet in width. The ore does not outcrop 
 but the jasper beds outcrop 300 feet to the southeast, showing manganese 
 stains. About 50 tons of shipping ore, over 40% Mn, were sacked and 
 being hauled to Fruto. It is intended to sink on the ore body to a 
 depth of 30 feet and then drift. Four men are employed, producing 
 from five to ten tons daily. Owners, A. H. Noyes, II. B. Chase, and 
 T. Norris, Mechanics Institute Bldg., San Francisco. 
 
 HUMBOLDT COUNTY. 
 
 Porter Ranch Deposit. A deposit of high grade manganese ore 
 occurs in the Franciscian jasper in the east central portion of the 
 county, in the SW. ^ of Sec. 32, T. 3 N., R. 4 E., approximately 30 
 miles by road east of Carlotta, a station on the Northwestern Pacific 
 
 Photo No. 1. Manganese deposit near Fort Baker, Humboldt County; L. M. Bryant, owner. 
 Showing trench across deposit to expose length. 
 
 Railroad. The ore, Avhieli is largely pyrolusite, outcrops over a low 
 knoll, covering several acres. It has been so eroded that there are no 
 large croppings, and much of the ore lies broken over the surface. The 
 jasper beds in which the ore occurs are very extensive and can be traced 
 for four miles. Manganese oxides occur in several places along these 
 beds, but the largest and most promising deposit is that in Section 5. 
 At the time visited no work had been done on the deposit, but numerous 
 samples were sent to the steel manufacturers in the East. In no cases 
 did they fall below 40% metallic manganese, and in most eases ran over 
 50% metallic manganese, with 9% silica. This deposit suffers the dis- 
 advantage, however, of being rather inaccessible and in a rugged region. 
 The elevation is 2150 feet (barometric) above sea level. The present 
 
 3—38958 
 
M 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MtNING BtlREAtJ. 
 
 road from Carlotta, via Fort Baker, Avonld be impossible to truck over, 
 as there are several very heavy grades. By construction of a road 
 ^ mile long, the ore could be hauled out to Eureka over a road which is 
 said to be in good condition and without heavy grades. Ample water 
 for camp purposes is at hand in springs below the deposit. L. M. 
 Bryant and brothers of Grizzly Bluff, are the lessees.* 
 
 Photo No. 2. Manganese ore on property of L. M. Bryant, Humboldt County. 
 
 exposes high-grade ore. 
 
 Crosscut 
 
 Manganese deposits are reported to occur in the mountains east of 
 Blocksburg, but judging from the samples submitted, the percentage of 
 silica contained in the ore is too high to make them of present commer- 
 cial importance. 
 
 Woods Prospect. Located 12 miles north-northwest of Blocksburg, 
 in Sec. 3, T. 1 S., R. 4 E. Owned by Wilson Woods of Harris, Hum- 
 boldt County, and under lease to F. M. Doak and Wm. C. Irvin. 
 
 IMPERIAL COUNTY. 
 
 The occurrence of deposits of manganese ore within its boundaries, 
 and their acquisition as mining claims, are accomplished factors which 
 point toward a possible production of manganese from Imperial County. 
 
 Ebony Group. This property, comprising 12 claims, is located in 
 the eastern part of the county, 30 miles due southwest of Blythe, and 6 
 miles south of Wiley's Well on the road between Blythe and Glamis. 
 
 * Since this property was visited, the owners have made several trenches at various 
 places across the deposit, and report it to be very extensive and of high grade. 
 However, a depth of only a few feet has been attained. Samples sent to San 
 Francisco for analysis ran 56.62% metallic manganese. The owners are now sinkin^r 
 on the orebody to determine its depth. There has been as yet no commercial 
 production. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 35 
 
 Blythe, thoiigli outside the county, is the nearest railroad point. Glamis 
 is on the main line of the Southern Pacific. The typical Colorado 
 Desert country is found here, broken by the Chocolate Mountains and 
 cut by numerous arroyos along their base. The Arroyo Seco extends 
 from the mountains to the Colorado River. 
 
 In an arroyo about | mile south of the water tanks there is a vein of 
 manganese ore (psilomelane) 2 ft. wide. It has a north and south 
 strike with vertical dip. At an elevation of 1100' on the Chocolate 
 Drop claim, there are two small open cuts developing 6'' to 12" of ore. 
 About 100' west of No. 1 open cut, there is a parallel vein striking north 
 and south and dipping 70 degrees east. 
 
 On the slope of the ridge west of the arroyo, there is a series of shal- 
 low open cuts which expose streaks of manganese ore 6" to 18" wide, 
 running north and south. West of the arroyo and about i mile south 
 of the first open cut croppings of stringers of manganese minerals can 
 be traced for 100 ft. A number of shallow trenches have been sunk on 
 these stringers. 
 
 On the Ebony No. 2 claim a vein of manganese ore varying from 8" to 
 2' in width, can be traced for 200'. This vein has been prospected by 
 several shallow holes. In an arroyo on this claim there is a narrow 
 vein of manganese ore 8" to 12" wide, cutting a rhyolite conglomerate. 
 
 The showing on Ebony No. 3 claim, which adjoins Ebony No. 1 on the 
 west, is confined to a single vein of manganese ore. This vein, 6" to 8" 
 wide, strikes north and south and can be traced on the surface for a 
 distance of 100 ft. 
 
 On the Ebony No. 4 claim a bold outcrop of rhyolite conglomerate inti- 
 mately mixed with stringers of manganese ore, strikes north and south. 
 A series of shallow open cuts have been run on this. In a gulch running 
 southeast and northwest ^ mile from the tanks, there is found a scale of 
 high grade ore on a wall of sandstone which dips to the southwest. The 
 hanging wall is a brecciated rhyolite. 
 
 In general, the manganese occurs on this group in narrow veins of 
 shallow depth, capable of producing but a small tonnage. This, and 
 the distance to shipping point, reached only over a rough and sandy 
 road, appear to be formidable obstacles to development. 
 
 The Ebony Group is owned by the East Rex Exploration Company, 
 Robt. Kinsie, Secretary, First National Bank Building, San Francisco, 
 Cal., but is under option to J. H. Lightfoot of Blythe. 
 
 Johnson Claims. A Mr. Johnson, of Glamis, ow^ns two manganese 
 claims located in the Chocolate Mountains about 30 miles northeast of 
 the town. The property is approximately 5 miles west of the Colorado 
 River and 10 miles east of the famous old Paymaster silver-lead mine. 
 The deposit consists of narrow stringers and small kidneys of ore. No 
 development work has been done. 
 
3G CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 INYO COUNTY. 
 
 Deposits of nianyanese ores are attracting attention in this county, 
 already noted for the great variety as well as for the value of its mineral 
 resources. 
 
 Connard Bros. Claims. The Connard Bros, of New Jersey o\\ti 
 3 manganese claims on the northeast slope of the Panamint Mountains, 
 opposite the south end of Death Valley, and 32 miles west of Zabriskie, 
 a station on the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad. They are near the 
 old Borax road to Death Valley. The deposit consists of streaks of 
 psilomelane 6" to 8" wide on both walls of a bed of calcite striking north 
 and south in rhyolite. A spur vein 2 ft. in width which strikes N. 60 
 degrees E. and has a dip of 60 degrees, cuts into the main north and 
 south vein at an elevation of 1000 ft. Only a small amount of develop- 
 ment work has been done, but sufficient to show this deposit to be limited 
 to narrow veins from which but little ore could be produced. 
 
 Death Valley Manganese Claims. These claims are crossed by the 
 old Death Valley Borax road and are located in the immediate vicinity 
 of the Connard Bros, claims. The deposit is of the same general char- 
 acter. On the southwest side of the road there are a number of stringer 
 leads of manganese ore cutting an andesite breccia. The stringers run 
 from a few inches up to 8 inches in width and form a series of parallel 
 veins which strike N. 50° E. The elevation is 1400 ft. Of the nine 
 full claims embraced in this property, six, called the Manganese No. 1, 
 No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 are on the northwest side of the road. 
 Through these there extends a series of calcite veins cutting the rhyolite. 
 The strike of the veins is north 50 degrees west, with a dip to the north- 
 east. The ore occurs as streaks 6 to 8 inches wide along both walls of 
 these veins. It is a high grade psilomelane ore but the quantity is small. 
 The owners are E. P. Underwood, L. G. Henderson and associates, of 
 Barstow. 
 
 LAKE COUNTY. 
 
 Manganese deposits occur in several localities of Lake County, but the 
 deposits thus far found are in general small and erratic. Its occur- 
 rence is characteristic of most of the Coast Range deposits, the ore 
 being the massive black oxides associated as stringers and lenses with 
 the jasper beds of the Franciscan formation. The largest deposits 
 found are those which occur on Mount Sanhedrin on the border of Men- 
 docino County.* 
 
 These are at present too inaccessible to be of commercial importance. 
 Of the several prospects visited, only one gave promise of developing 
 into a mine. 
 
 *See under Mendocino County. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 37 
 
 Coleman Prospect. Situated three miles west of Cobb P. 0., in 
 Sec. 29, T. 12 N., R. 9 W. Owned by J. H. Coleman of Cobb and J. D. 
 Sullivan of Kelseyville. The claim is in a body of massive metamor- 
 phosed red chert which trends northwest along High Valley Creek for 
 a distance of about 1400 feet. The chert is stained along fracture 
 planes by manganese oxides and occasionally contains small bodies of 
 good ore, although no body of workable size had been found when the 
 property was visited. A smaller body of chert containing manganese 
 was exposed 1| miles downstream. 
 
 Herman Prospect is owned by August Hermann and is located in 
 Snell Valley, 11 miles from Middletown. This prospect was not visited, 
 but specimens received from the property at different times indicate 
 rather siliceous manganese oxide. 
 
 Herrick Prospect. S. B. Herrick, Middletown, owner. Lies three 
 miles west of Middletown, in Sec. 25, T. 11 N., R. 8 W. There is a mas- 
 sive bed of siliceous manganese oxide 3 feet thick, in red radiolarian 
 chert. The material exposed in a small open cut at the time of visit, 
 was not of shipping grade. 
 
 Van Ranch Deposit. This property, OA\Tied by G. W. Van of Upper 
 Lake, is situated in Sec. 3 and NW. i of Sec. 10, T. 16 N., R. 10 W., on 
 the southwestern slopes of Horse Mountain, at an elevation of about 2700 
 ft. above sea level, near the head of Middle Creek, which empties into 
 Clear Lake. It is about 10^ miles by road north of Upper Lake and 38 
 miles northeast of Ukiah, the nearest railroad point. The road which 
 runs to the ranch house has been extended about 2 miles to the foot of 
 Horse Mountain, ^ mile from the mine. It is a road over which auto 
 trucks could operate throughout the year by the construction of a 
 couple of small bridges to span the creek at the crossings. Water for 
 camp purposes is obtained from springs and IMiddle Creek. 
 
 The orebody occurs as a rather well defined ledge in jasper beds 
 which strike northwest and dip 60 degrees northeast. These beds out- 
 crop prominently over the mountain for several miles, showing man- 
 ganese stainings at many places. The most favorable ore body seen was 
 in NW. I of Sec. 10, where all development work was being done at the 
 time visited. This ledge, or lens, outcrops for 100 ft. along the strike, 
 varying from 5' to 10' in width, and appears to be high in manganese. 
 About 10 feet below each end of this cropping, short tunnels were being 
 driven to cut the orebody, and midway between these tunnels, a crosscut 
 driven 20' from a small open cut had exposed 6' of the porous black 
 oxide. Four men were engaged in this development work. About 20 
 tons of ore were mined from a lens 1000 ft. northwest of the main out- 
 crop, and 16 tons from another half way between the two. One carload 
 of 40 tons had been hauled out to Ukiah, and it was expected to produce 
 
38 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 from 5 to 10 tons daily. The property is being worked under lease by 
 the Middle Creek Mining Company, a co-partnership between E. E. 
 Holbrook, S. E. Burris and H. W. Sites, with offices at 45 Kearny Street, 
 San Francisco. 
 
 1 s 
 
 LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 Manganese occurrences in this county have been prospected in two 
 localities. The black oxides occur in mica schist, accompanied by such 
 high percentages of silica as to render the material of doubtful commer- 
 cial value. 
 
 Amargosa Group. Comprises nine claims in T. 6 N., R. 12 and 
 13 W., S. B. M., between four and five miles west of Palmdale. The 
 group was located in January, 1914, by C. L. and A. H. Metzger, 
 R.. H. Gilman, R. Snowden and A. ]\Iayet. Irregular kidneys of manga- 
 nese oxides occur along siliceous outcrops in schist. The most extensive 
 croppings are one mile north of the road on claim No. 5, where the 
 manganese outcrops at intervals for 150 feet, striking east. Here an 
 open pit six feet deep and 12 feet long exposes in the bottom two feet 
 of manganese oxides apparently high in silica. Twenty tons of this 
 material was shipped in 1917. Most work has been done on No. 1 claim, 
 the eastermost of the group, and lying within 500 feet of the road. Here 
 the Noble Electric Steel Company carried on work in 1916 under lease. 
 They made a cut following the orebody for 30 feet, then sank a shaft 
 20 feet deep. A tunnel was also driven northwest along the body 20 
 feet below the cut. This exposed very siliceous manganese oxide. One 
 carload was shipped by the above company, but lately only assessment 
 work has been done. 
 
 Gladwin and Peet Claim lies in Sec. 36, T. 6 N.. R. 14 W., at an ele- 
 vation of 4900 feet (barometric) almost 2000 feet in elevation above 
 the end of the wagon road in the caiion. It was first located years ago 
 and relocated in September, 1917, by G. L. Gladwin and H. G. Peet 
 of Los Angeles. The manganese oxides lie in small pockets along 
 siliceous outcrops in the schist. The material is siliceous and in general 
 low grade. Two small pockets, extending only a few feet deep, have 
 been uncovered. There are several tons of this low grade oxide lying on 
 the dump, but it is doubtful whether it will ever be hauled out. There 
 are several other siliceous outcrops on the claim, but no other manganese 
 croppings were seen. The deposits are too small and of too low grade to 
 be of commercial importance. 
 
 MARIN COUNTY. 
 
 On the Mailliard Ranch, eight miles northwest of San Rafael and 
 one-half mile south of Woodacre Lodge, stains and irregular patches 
 of oxide of mangane.se occur in red jasper, which apparently has been 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 39 
 
 caught up as blocks in serpentine. The material is high in silica and 
 no work has been done on it. This is on Lot 9, Block 33 of a tract 
 owned by the Lugunitas Development Co., 202 Commercial Bldg., 
 San Francisco. 
 
 About one mile west of Sausalito Point manganese oxides occur, 
 associated with massive jasper. The oxide is mostly of low grade but one 
 streak has a thickness of 15 inches of fine ore which could be traced 
 only about six feet, as no attempt had been made to open it up. 
 
 Another deposit of manganese is exposed in a road cut near Fort 
 Baker. It is described by A. C. Lawson,* as follows : 
 
 "The manganese ore is well exposed as a stratified deposit of hard, 
 clean psilomelane about 18 inches thick, grading off in its upper part 
 into a lean ore consisting of chert and shale highly charged with the 
 black manganese mineral. There is no definite boundary between this 
 lean ore and the normal radiolarian cherts, for the proportion of 
 psilomelane simply decreased till it ceases to color the rock. The thick- 
 ness of the ore-impregnated cherts above the layer of psilomelane is 
 about 12 feet. This body of ore lies within a few feet of an intrusive 
 contact of ellipsoidal basalt with the cherts, the contact plane being 
 parallel to the bedding, and may be traced for 90 feet on the outcrop of 
 the formation which dips about 40 degrees southwest. In several samples 
 taken by D. C. Billick, the psilomelane contains gold not exceeding 40 
 cents to the ton." 
 
 MENDOCINO COUNTY. 
 
 The Franciscan formation occupies about three-fourths the area of 
 the county covering the entire eastern portion from north to south. 
 The jasper beds associated with this formation are very extensive, and 
 their outcrops can be traced for many miles, striking in general north- 
 west and southeast with the trend of the Coast Range Mountains. 
 Associated with these jasper beds many deposits of manganese ores have 
 been found, and undoubtedly more will be uncovered. 
 
 The greater number of the deposits developed lie in that group of 
 the Coast Range Mountains east of the Northwestern Pacific Railroad, 
 and within easy access of it. 
 
 Several promising prospects have been located in that mountainous 
 region between Mt. Sanhedrin on the border of Lake Co.unty, and 
 Round Valley. Due, however, to its lack of transportation facilities, 
 combined with the rugged character of this section, there is little pos- 
 sibility of any large production being made in the near future. Roads 
 would have to be constructed and the numerous mountain streams 
 bridged, thus considerable development work is necessary before de- 
 termining whether such expense would be justified. 
 
 *U. S. G. S., San Francisco Folio No. 193, p. 23. 
 
40 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Big Bend Claims are situated in SW. ^ of Sec. 28, T. 23 N., 
 R. 11 W., on the Middle Fork of Eel River. The owners are C. V, Brere- 
 ton, W. E. Shields and M. G. and J. D. Morrison. A fair grade of float 
 ore is reported from here, but no development work had been done late 
 in 1917. 
 
 At Bland's Cove D. D. McLaughlin has nine claims carrying out- 
 crops of manganese which were undeveloped in October, 1917. 
 
 The Busch & Bevins Manganese Mine, also known as the Lee Mine 
 or Potter Valley Mine, is in Sections 8 and 10, T. 17 N., R. 12 W., five 
 
 Photo No. 3. Busch & Bevins Manganese Mine, Mendocino County, showing 
 lens of good ore 3'-4' wide, exposed in short tunnel. 
 
 miles northwest of Potter Valley Postoffice and 22 miles north of 
 Ukiah, the shipping point. It lies on the same range as the Thomas and 
 Wild Devil Mines, at an elevation of about 1500 feet above sea level. 
 The road is in good condition for trucking, with the exception of the 
 last mile. Here it follows the creek and is impassable during the rainy 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 41 
 
 season. To date six lenses of oxide ore, one to two feet wide, in red 
 chert, have been found at this property which comprises 500 acres. 
 These are located about 500 feet above the creek bed. The only one 
 mined is now practically exhausted ; it yielded 140 tons of ore which 
 averaged over 45% manganese. The ore was hauled by a gravity trara- 
 way to a loading platform in the canon alongside of the road. Very 
 little development work has been done on the others, so it is impossible 
 
 Photo No. 4. Loading platform at foot of gravity tram, at Busch & Bevins 
 Manganese Mine, Mendocino County. 
 
 to determine their extent ; however, in the two short crosscuts, ore bodies 
 were exposed which varied from one to two and one-half feet in width. 
 The other pockets or lenses were exposed by small open cuts. The ore 
 in these appears to run high in silica, as is the condition of all the 
 croppings seen. There are undoubtedly large tonnages of low grade 
 ores here, as these lenses outcrop at intervals for several miles over 
 the ridge. 
 
 At the time visited, the property was idle, but a lease had just been 
 taken upon it, by F. W. Keeny and associates, wdth offices at 307 Syndi- 
 
42 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 cate Bldg., Oakland. The terms of its lease called for resumption of 
 operations within 10 days. S. H. Busch, J. J. Biisch, and A. P. Bevins 
 of Potter Valley, are the owners. 
 
 Cleveland Property. It is situated in Sec. 13, T. 16 N., R. 12 W., 
 three miles east of the railroad station at Calpella, on the Potter Valley 
 Road. A small kidney of hard black oxide has been exposed by an open 
 cut for a width of about two feet on a contact of jasper and black shale. 
 Considerable float covers the steep side hill on which this deposit occurs, 
 and the jasper beds are quite extensive, but no other ore bodies were 
 seen. No ore has been produced here, but a fair body might be developed 
 by further work. It has the advantage of being within easy access of the 
 railroad. It is idle. Owner, R. L. Cleveland of Ukiah. 
 Bibl. : Rept. XIV, p. 421. 
 
 Foster Mountain Mine, also known as the Independent Mine, is in 
 Section 3 or 4, T. 18 N., R. 12 W., 14 miles by road east of Willits. The 
 
 I 
 
 Photo No. 5. Screening manganese ore in open cut at Independent (Foster 
 Mountain) Mine, Mendocino County. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 43 
 
 mine, discovered over 20 years ago, and relocated in 1914, lies near the 
 summit of Foster Mountain, almost 1000 feet in elevation, above the 
 loading platform at terminus of the truck road. The camp is located 
 alongside of Tomki Creek, which supplies ample water for camp pur- 
 poses. 
 
 The ore body is developed by a glory hole 60 feet along its 
 strike, showing a width of from three feet to ten feet of ore 
 throughout. Forty feet in elevation above this cut, a shaft is being 
 sunk. At 20 feet depth, the ore body was encountered, here 
 measuring six feet in width. The ore exposed in the shaft is very 
 
 Photo No. 6. Thirty tons of high-grade manganese ore on dump at Independent Mine, 
 
 Mendocino County. 
 
 high grade. Twenty feet southeast of the shaft there is a rich cropping 
 one foot in width. It lies on the strike of the main ore body and is 
 undoubtedl}' a continuation of it. To date 1100 tons of ore which 
 averaged over 45% manganese and less than 7% silica, have been 
 shipped from this one orebocly, and there are at lowest estimate as 
 many tons in sight. To the northwestward there are several promising 
 croppings but they have not as yet been developed. The ore is hauled 
 down to the motor trucks by a team and sled at a cost of $1.50 per 
 ton, then to the railroad at Willits at $5.50 per ton on board the cars. 
 Mining costs are figured at $3.00 per ton. The present production varies 
 from C) to 10 tons daily, witli eiglit men employed. The mine was 
 
44 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 operated under a one-year lease, by James E. Pag€ of Willits. 
 Geo. Busch of Potter Valley, Cal., is the owner. Leased to Noble Electric 
 Steel Co., and idle in October, 1917. 
 
 Hopper Claim is in the south center of Sec. 16, T. 17 N., R. 11 W., 
 one mile east of Potter Valley. Manganese oxides occur in blocks of 
 chert that have been included in an intrusive mass of Franciscan green- 
 stone. The chert has been metamorphosed by the intrusive and has 
 taken on brilliant orange and vermillion colors. It sometimes shows 
 spherulitic structure. Manganese oxides occur as veinlets cutting the 
 altered chert. Occasionally these veinlets expand, producing a small 
 amount of siliceous ore. There is no apparent possibility of developing 
 ore here. 
 
 Near the summit of Leech Lake Mountain in a very inaccessible 
 section, an undeveloped manganese prospect is reported. 
 
 Little Deer Claim lies in Sec. 17, T. 25 N., R. 12 W., 27 miles north 
 of Covelo, and is owned by G. E. Purcell and A. G. Trinkle. There are 
 some manganiferous outcrops here which were undeveloped at the time 
 of last report. 
 
 There is a small deposit of manganese on the Walter McClendon 
 Ranch about five miles northeast of Calpella, and adjoining the W. P. 
 Thomas property on the south. It is reported that a carload of man- 
 ganese ore was shipped from here during the past year. No work has 
 been done since. 
 
 Michaels, Roman and Weeks, of San Francisco, have a lease on 
 a manganese deposit in Sections 23 and 30, T. 23 N., R. 11 "W., 20 miles 
 east of the railroad at Dos Rios station. Manganese oxides occur in 
 jasper beds, which outcrop prominently along a steep hillside east of the 
 Middle Fork of Eel River. About 30 tons were mined by open cut and 
 tunnel, and part of it was hauled to Dos Rios. The remainder is lying 
 alongside of the roadway below the deposit. The outcrop extends for 
 several hundred feet, but its ore is in general low grade and only the 
 richer portions have been gouged out. In hauling to the railroad, the 
 ore has to be transported across the river either by an aerial tramway 
 or ferry, as there is no bridge. An attachment was filed against the 
 operators last fall, so that no ore has been shipped and the property has 
 been idle since. Chas. Brereton of Covelo is the owner. 
 
 Mt. Sanhedrin Claims. This property comprises two groups: the 
 Rhodochrosite Claims and the Black Leases. 
 
 The Rhodochrosite Claims are located at Impassable Rock, in the 
 SE. i of NE. i of Sec. 6, T. 19 N., R. 11 W. Impassable Rock presents 
 steep cliffs to the southwest, below which there is a talus slope of angu- 
 lar fragments of radiolarian chert. The exposed cherts contain consid- 
 erable manganese oxides, disseminated in fissure fillings and as stains. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 45 
 
 Throe definite oxide ore-bodies appear in the clift' faee of Tmpassabh) 
 Koek, and the talus slope carries blocks of manganese ore. The latter 
 are most abundant near the base of the slope. The amount of ore in 
 sight, however, is small. 
 
 Not far from the base of the talus slope an open cut shows a lens of 
 carbonate ore averaging 4' thick. The lens is exposed for 30' along its 
 strike, but its total extent is not determinable. In a creek below the 
 open cut numerous masses of carbonate ore from 100 pounds to one ton 
 in weight are also found. 
 
 To reach a shipping point a road might be built from Impassable 
 Eock to Rackout Springs, a distance of 3 miles. Thence it is 6 miles by 
 the Henshaw road to Hearst, and 16 miles from Hearst to AVillits. 
 
 Black Leases. This group is composed of 9 claims, located 8 miles 
 from Hearst. They are reached by a trail 2^ miles long from Eackout 
 Springs on the Henshaw Eanch road. The entire group is leased by 
 P. C. Black of Oakland, and with the exception of the Lone Indian 
 location (owned by W. Clark of Covelo) all the claims are owned by 
 AV. D. Frey, Jim Jameson and Wm. E. Shields. 
 
 The leasehold lies in Sec. 30, T. 20 N., E. 11 W., on the spur of 
 a ridge which runs down to Elk Creek from Mt. Sanhedriu. In 
 Sec. 30 this spur is divided into two ridges by a deep canyon running 
 north, tributary to Gulf Creek. Part of the claims are on the east ridge 
 and part on the west ridge. The Lone Indian claim is on the south end 
 of the east ridge near its junction with the west ridge. About 500' 
 north of this is the Original Big Jim claim, and 500' northeast of the 
 workings on the Original Big Jim, is Big Jim No. 1. Continuing down 
 the east ridge toward the north, one encounters several manganese show- 
 ings, but no important ore-bodies have yet been uncovered. 
 
 Other claims are located on the western ridge. Big Jim No. 6 is near 
 the south end, and Big Jim No. 7 about 500' north. Farther north on 
 this ridge are several showings of manganese, but no important body 
 has been exposed. 
 
 In general, the workings on the Black Leases are shallow. The ore- 
 bodies are all of the same character, consisting of massive lieds of rather 
 siliceous ore enclosed in radiolariau chert. The ore is chiefly man- 
 ganese oxide, containing considerable silica. Ehodochrosite is encoun- 
 tered in some of the workings, however, and it is probable that other 
 carbonate ore-bodies will be encountered in depth. 
 
 Development work has been confined mostly to the Original Big Jim 
 claim, on which there are two open cuts, one with a face 15' high and 20' 
 in width, and another smaller cut 50' above. It is not clear whether 
 these are on the same ore body, faulted, or on two separate horizons. 
 There are small open cuts on the other claims. 
 
46 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 No production has been made, but a few tons of sliipping ore have 
 been sacked. 
 
 New Year Manganese Claims. C. V. Brereton, Covelo, owner. 
 Leased to L. E. Rusner and C. W. Ilynier of San Francisco. The claims 
 are 7 miles northwest of Covelo in SW. J of Sec. 31, T. 23 N., R. 11 W. 
 The property has been developed by open cuts, in two of which oxide 
 ore of good quality has been found. The ore is one to two feet wide, 
 associated with red and green jasper. Fifty tons of ore had been 
 shipped in 1917. Analysis by A. A. Hanks showed 54.16% manganese 
 and 5.75% silica in the best ore. 
 
 W. D. Rhodes and G. H, Hurt own an undeveloped manganese pros- 
 pect in Sec. 36, T. 23 N., R. 12 W., 5^ miles west-northwest of Covelo. 
 
 Shell Rock Manganese Deposits. The Noble Electric Steel Com- 
 pany is developing a manganese prospect 6 miles by road west of Spy- 
 rock station on the Northwestern Pacific railroad. The manganese ores 
 occur in lenses interbedded in jasper whose outcrop forms a bluff about 
 500 ft. in length and 50 ft. high. The deposit has only recently been 
 opened so that very little development work had been done. Two men 
 are employed. 
 
 Alex Guthrie of Spyrock has located a claim one mile from the 
 Noble Electric Company's property, but no development work has been 
 done on it. 
 
 Thatcher Creek Claims. A number of claims have been located in 
 Thatcher Creek Canon in the northeastern portion of the county, about 
 18 miles by road and trail east of Dos Rios station. This region is very 
 inaccessible, as there is no road within eight miles. W. E. Shields and 
 C. C. Packwood of Covelo located a group of 6 claims in 1916 on a 
 mineral deposit here which was said to contain both chrome and man- 
 ganese. The ore body lies within schist walls, striking northwest and 
 southeast and dipping vertically. It outcrops prominently over a ridge 
 for 1300 ft., varying in width from 35 ft. at the creek to 75 ft. near top 
 of ridge, exposing many thousand tons of this material. Analysis of 
 samples taken by C. F. Nourse of San Francisco showed only a little 
 over 7% manganese and no chrome. 
 
 Thomas Manganese Mine. This propertj% embracing eight claims, 
 is situated in Sections 22, 27, 34 and 35, T. 17 N., R. 12 W., 6 miles by 
 good auto road northeast of Redwood station, on the same ridge and 
 about 3 miles in an air line southeast of the Busch and Bevins mine. 
 The claims were located in 1912, and the first commercial production 
 took place in 1914, the property at that time being worked under a lease 
 by the Noble Electric Steel Company. To date over 3000 tons of high 
 grade ore have been produced. The manganese ore occurs as a ledge 
 
Manganese^ and chromium. 
 
 47 
 
 along heavy jasper ))e(ls, -whieh constitute a large portion of the ridge. 
 In places the ore is bluish black and amorphous, and intermixed with the 
 jasper with no clear line of demarcation between, while again it is 
 deposited in rich pockets with well defined walls. The ore body out- 
 crops at intervals for three-quarters of a mile, striking N. 12° W. and 
 dipping N. 65° to 80° E. ; varying in width from 3 to 15 feet. It 
 has been stripped for over 500 ft. down the ridge by a series of open 
 cuts. Most of the development work has been confined to the north 
 
 Photo No. 7. Tunnel at W. P. Thomas Manganese Mine, near Ukiah, Mendo- 
 cino County. Orebody at this point above 4' wide. 
 
 end of the claims, and several tunnels have been driven to crosscut 
 the ore body below the open cuts. As in the case of most of the 
 properties visited, the richer portions of the ore body have been 
 worked out, and very little high grade ore is now exposed. With 
 systematic development, other rich bodies will probably be uncov- 
 ered. The property is easily accessible and could be worked the 
 greater part of the year. The ore is hauled to the railroad at $3.00 per 
 ton. Water for camp purposes is obtained from a group of springs. 
 As the deposit is located about 500 ft. below the roadway, it was neces- 
 sary to haul the ore up the ridge. This was accomplished by a car oper- 
 
48 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 ated by a hoist, using a gas engine for power. A couple of men were 
 doing some development work in an old tunnel when visited and had 
 about 10 tons of high grade ore read}^ for shipment. W. P. Thomas 
 et al. of Ukiah are the owners. 
 
 Bibl. : Kept. XIV, page 421. 
 
 Photo No. 8. Wild Devil Manganese Mine, Mendocino County, showing 
 
 trench opened along vein. 
 
 The Wild Devil Manganese Mine, also known as the Waldteufel 
 Mine, is in Sees. 10, 15 and 16, T. 17 N., R. 12 W., eight miles from 
 Redwood Station, about two miles by road north of the Thomas Mine 
 and on the same ridge at an elevation of about 2000 feet. This property, 
 embracing 18 mineral claims along top of ridge, was located in 1914, 
 and worked under lease by the Noble Electric Steel Company during 
 1916. They developed one deposit, in the SW. i of NW. i of Sec. 15, 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 49 
 
 from which about 100 tons of ore was shipped. This was mined in a 
 trench, or cut, 150 feet long. The orebody A^ariod from 1' to 3' in 
 width, in red radiolarian chert which strikes N. 30° W. and dips 10° to 
 45° E. There are several small pockets of high grade ore exposed in the 
 bottom of the cut, which might develop into another body with depth. 
 Fifty feet below the cut, a small lens is exposed by a shallow open cut 
 across a face 5 feet long and V to 2' wide. The ore here appears to carry 
 both lime and silica. No other woi'k has been done on the claims, and 
 there are no other ore bodies exposed. The property is idle. J. C. Wald- 
 teufel of Ukiah, is agent for the owner, Geo. E. Cameron of Pittsburg, 
 Pennsylvania, 
 
 MERCED COUNTY. 
 
 Briggs Mine. This property is in the S. | of NAV. ^ of Sec. 13, 
 T, 13 S., R. 9 E., in the extreme southwestern corner of the county 
 and 26 miles by road east of Tres Pinos, San Benito County. It is 
 
 1^.-- ■ - 
 
 ■.■!«t" V 
 
 k 
 
 
 
 Photo No. 9. Outcrop at Briggs Manganese Deposit, San Benito County. 
 
 owned by Mrs. Anna E. Briggs, of Hollister, and in November, 1917, was 
 under lease to John Burmeister. Mr. Grayson of Hollister was begin- 
 ning development work at that time. 
 
 Franciscan chert, enclosed in sandstone, outcrops in steep cliffs near 
 the top of the ridge at an elevation of 3550 feet (aneroid) on the north- 
 east side of the Diablo Range. The chert is from 75' to 100' thick 
 
 4— .389.';s 
 
50 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 and dips iiortlieast at angles up to 20°. Massive chert, enclosed iu 
 thiu-bedded radiolariaii cliert, carries manganese oxide bodies. Minor 
 faults have disturbed the bedding and have obscured the relation of 
 the manganese oxide to the chert, but at least two horizons, and maybe 
 more, exist. The hard blue-black oxide grades imperceptibly into the 
 red jasper. For a distance of 150 feet along the strike (northwest- 
 ward) indications are very f&,vorable for developing a good deposit. 
 
 Photo No. 10. Open cut at Briggs Manganese Mine, showing face of high-grade ore 3'-4' wide. 
 
 There is a trail one-half mile long from the road to the deposit. The 
 slope to the west is too steep for a road and a tramway would have to 
 be constructed to get ore down to the road, unless it was found better . 
 to take ore out via Los Banos. 
 
 MONTEREY COUNTY. 
 
 The Santa Lucia Range extends northwest across the southern end 
 of the county, and forms steep, inaccessible cliffs along the Pacific. 
 The district is remote from traveled roads and sparsely inhabited. 
 Only one manganese deposit has been noted in the county. 
 
 The Ross Ranch Prospect is one mile from the ocean and three miles 
 north of the mouth of San Carpojaro Creek, in the extreme southwest 
 corner of the county. The deposit is similar to those in San Luis Obisj>o 
 County in the same range farther southeast. It is entirely undeveloped, 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 51 
 
 but a recent assay of a raiuloin sample gave 40% manganese, and the 
 deposit is said to be promising. If it Avere developed it might be 
 possil)le to load the ore on steamers from shore near the property. 
 J. Dutra Ross, Cambria, owner. 
 
 NAPA COUNTY. 
 
 Bacon & Kenney Prospect is five miles west of Oakville by road, in 
 Sec. 19, T. 7 N., R. 5 W. F. W. Kenney and Thos. Bacon of Oakland, 
 did some development work here, but the deposit was too small and of 
 too low grade to warrant exploitation, so that it is idle. 
 
 I Bibl. : Rept. XIV, p. 276. 
 
 Cavagnaro Prospect lies in Sec. 3, T. 9 N., R. 6 W., one-half mile 
 west of the ^5^]tna Quicksilver ^Nline, at an elevation of 2200 feet, and is 
 the property of Chas. Cavagnaro of Middletown, Lake County. The 
 small amount of work which had been done in August, 1917, showed 
 a body of manganese oxide 4' to 6' wide, with a length of 100'. It 
 contained considerable iron and silica. No ore had been produced at 
 that time. 
 
 Moore Creek Manganese Deposit, sometimes culled the Manganese 
 Ridge Prospect, lies on the ridge of the same name, which runs east 
 and west and is a spur of the main ridge separating Conn Valley and 
 Moore Creek. The property is in Sec. 15, T. 8 N., R. 5 W., six miles 
 northeast of St. Helena. An old wagon road runs within 100 yards of 
 the deposit, which is at an elevation of 1200 feet. 
 
 Some of the samples from this property were high grade manganese 
 oxide. On the south slope of the ridge an open cut has been made ; 
 100 yards northwest there is another small cut and to the south of the 
 latter a tunnel. 
 
 NEVADA COUNTY. 
 
 Bartholf and Veach Mine. Seven miles from Colfax near the west 
 bank of Bear River, E. H. and W. E. Bartholf and J. L. Veach of 
 Golfax mined a carload of ore three years ago and have mined and sold 
 two carloads recently (July, 1918) . Mode of occurrence is similar to 
 that in Placer County. 
 
 The Wren Ranch property consists of 160 acres in Sec. 20, T. 14 N., 
 R. 8 E., M. D. M., of the Lime Kiln district at an elevation of 1000 feet. 
 It is owned by R. M. Wren of Wolf, Nevada County, and leased by 
 C. E. Loofbourrow of Oakland. 
 
 A body of manganese 14' thick and 10' long has been exposed to a 
 depth of 20' by an incline shaft. Ten tons or ore mined, up to Novem- 
 ber, 1917, is reported to assay 50% to 60% metallic manganese and 6% 
 silica. 
 
52 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 PLACER COUNTY. 
 
 Gray Lease. Lee Gray of Colfax has recently leased from the 
 Southern Pacific Company 80 acres of land in Sec. 29, T. 14 N., R, 10 
 E., adjoining the Tilsley and Coplen Group on the south. He reports 
 promising prospects just south of the American claim. The property 
 has not been developed yet (August 6, 1918), 
 
 Tilsley and Coplen Group comprises four unpatented claims known 
 as American, Republic, Spokane and Crown Point, which were 
 located in January, 1918, by A. D. Coplen and B. F. Tilsley, but have 
 since been leased to C. S. Simpson of Monrovia, agent for eastern 
 interests. He was opening ore bodies on two of the claims in June. 
 The claims are 9 miles from Colfax and are crossed by the road lead- 
 ing to Yankee Jim. The south end-line of American claim is on the 
 south line of Sec. 20, T. 14 N., R. 10 E., and the other claims lie 
 parallel to and east of American claim. The claims lie at elevations 
 of from 1900' to 2525'. 
 
 Near the south end-line of American claim in Mexican Gulch, a 
 hole had been sunk 7 feet and a drift driven 25 feet along strike of ■ 
 country rock in ore. Twenty tons or more of ore said to average 
 51.6% manganese, 5.6% insoluble and .09% phosphorous, had been 
 taken out up to June 13. The country rock is superficially clay, 
 mapped as Calaveras formation. The ore is enclosed in a quartz 
 lens about 100 feet long, which strikes N. 5° W., and dips nearly 
 vertically. As revealed by work done at time of visit, the ore body 
 has a rough elbow shape, plunges south and pitches 75° E. At the 
 north, the short drift passes below tip of ore, but on south ore is 
 going down, showing an increasing proportion of rhodonite. Ore 
 body was nowhere over 4' wide, and was about 35' long. North of 
 the road on the center of the same claim, a small shallow cut on a 
 quartzose outcrop led to a face of ore 3' wide, capped by and 
 enclosed in quartz. A few tons of ore, possibly of shipping grade, 
 had been mined. 
 
 The Crown Point prospect has been opened near the top of a ridge 
 north of the road at an elevation of 2525 feet. An open cut and a 
 cross-cut tunnel running 50 feet northeast cuts in the order named: 
 (1) 6" to 12" soft powdery oxide, ribbed by quartz stringers; (2) 5' 
 siliceous manganese ore; (3) 5' clay; (4) 4' lean oxide of manganese, 
 intercalated with clay. This zone is crossed by many quartz 
 stringers. The zone strikes N. 5° W. and dips nearly vertically. An 
 assay of ore mined here indicated 39.17% manganese, 20.64% insolu- 
 ble, .07% phosphorus. 
 
 The prospects on the other claims were lean outcrops which had 
 not been developed at time of visit. The indications point to the 
 probability of there being numerous small shallow ore bodies in this 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 53 
 
 belt of Calaveras rocks, which extends as far as North Bloomfield. 
 Ore from the above claims will be hauled to Colfax over a road which 
 is good in summer. There are 2.8 miles of easy down-grade to 
 American River, the remaining 6.2 miles being a steady up-grade. 
 Two cars of ore are said to be ready for shipment August 6, 1918. 
 
 PLUMAS COUNTY. 
 
 The Braito manganese property includes one claim in Sec. 26, 
 T. 26 N., R. 9 E., M. D. M., near Crescent Mills. The exposures of ore 
 are on the slope of a hill which has a good growth of pine timber. 
 
 The ore body lies in schist and strikes northwest. It is developed 
 by two open cuts and a tunnel. The tunnel is 57' long and 
 shows a small amount of ore in the face. One open cut is 15' 
 long with a face of mixed ore 4' wide and 12' high. Another cut 
 12' long shows a mixed ore from 6' to 7' wide. About 70 tons or ore 
 piled for shipment was said to assay 50% metallic manganese and 12% 
 silica. From 30 to 40 men were employed by the Noble Electric Steel 
 Corporation, who were going to ship the ore to their Heroult smelter 
 for use in making ferro-manganese. Up to January 1, 1918, 20 carloads 
 of ore were shipped from this property. 
 
 Owned by Fred E. Braito and T. J. Mason of Crescent Mills. 
 
 Burch and Woody Prospect is near the line of Sees. 21 and 28, 
 T. 26 N., R. 9 E., four miles west of Crescent Mills. When the property 
 was visited a small amount of manganese oxide, which was too siliceous 
 to sell, had been taken out. 
 
 The Crystal Lake Manganese Group consists of three claims in 
 Sec. 8, T. 25 N., R. 10 E., on Mount Hough five miles east of Indian 
 Falls and nine miles northwest of Quincy Junction. Most of the ore is 
 on two claims and can be traced for 200' along the strike, which is N. 
 42° W. The orebody as exposed by two crosscuts showed 6' of ore which 
 pitches 80° southwest. About one-half mile of road would have to be 
 built to reach the deposits. Two springs furnish sufficient Avater for 
 camp purposes. 
 
 Since this locality was visited the property has been developed by 
 Geo. K. Allen and a JNIr. Robinson of San Francisco, who shipped ten 
 cars of ore to the Heroult smelter, and then sold their lease to Smith 
 Bros, of Taylorsville. The claims are owned by H. A. and R. L. Klop- 
 penburg and H. S. My ton of Quincy. 
 
 The Diadem Lode is one of a group of three claims which include 
 20 acres, in the Edmanton district. The property lies 14 miles south of 
 west from Quincy in Sec. 33, T. 24 N., R. 8 E., and is owned by the 
 Edman Estate, Quincy. 
 
 Manganese oxide and rhodonite (manganese silicate) are reported 
 to occur in a quartz vein associated with iron oxide. The vein strikes 
 
54 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU, 
 
 J 
 
 N. 37° "W. and dips 60° N.E. No development work for manganese has 
 been carried on, and it is believed that the deposit is only superficial. 
 Equipment consists of buildings, shop and two Huntington mills. 
 
 Iron Queen Claim was located by Chas. Devlinn and A. F. Smith, ) 
 in Sec. 8, T. 26 N., R. 9 E., about six miles northwest of Crescent Mills. 
 Two small short open cuts had developed a little good ore, but most of 
 the manganese oxide was too siliceous. 
 
 The Penrose Mine is located on Mumford Hill, three miles south- 
 west of Meadow Valley, near Edmanton. Manganese occurs as oxides 
 in the gossan of a (piartz vein, similar to that at the Diadem Lode. The 
 deposit is probably superficial. Owned by the Edman Estate of Quincy. 
 
 RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 Ore deposits of this important mineral are found at several points in 
 Riverside County. Shipments of a good grade of ore have been made 
 spasmodically for the past three years from the Schellenger property 
 (Black Jack Mine) in the McCoy IMountains. At this writing, Feb- 
 ruary, 1918, there is considerable activity in this district, and several 
 ])roperties are now shipping ore via Mineral, a station on the California- 
 Southern Railroad. . A number of recent locations have been made 
 here, and there are probably 30 men working. The persistency of the 
 ore bodies thus far developed augurs favorably for a large output from 
 this region. Ten Ford trucks of one and one-half ton capacity are 
 being used to haul the ore to the railroad. The only disadvantage the 
 locality suffers is its lack of water ; this has to be hauled in to camp from 
 the railroad. 
 
 Black Jack Mine. This property, commonly known as the Schel- 
 lenger Claims, lies near the base of the east slope of the McCoy 
 Mountains, near their north end. The group of five claims lies at an 
 altitude of 1200 feet, and is described as being in Sections 13 and 24, 
 T. 4 S., R. 19 E., 12 miles by road northwest of Mineral Station. The 
 extreme northeastern workings are on Claim No. 1. This consists of two 
 tunnels : one 25 feet long, at an elevation of 1350 feet, driven on a 
 vein which strikes S. 10° E., and dips 65° W., developing two and one- 
 half feet of psilomelane ore; and one 30 feet higher up which has a 
 length of 60 feet, and is stoped out to the surface in places along 
 the vein. The face of this tunnel shows a high grade streak of ore 18" 
 wide, which disappears here, the manganese ore becoming intermixed 
 with brecciated rhyolite. The footwall of the vein is brecciated rhyolite 
 and the hanging wall rhyolite. The ore croppings on this vein can be 
 traced for a distance of 300 feet on the northwest slope of the hill at an 
 elevation of 1000 feet. 
 
 About 600 feet west of these workings on Claim No. 2, at an elevation 
 of about 1350 feet, two short tunnels and an open cut 20 feet in length 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 55 
 
 have developed four to five feet of manganese ore intermixed with 
 brecciated rhyolite. 
 
 The main workingjs are on Claim No. 3, which lies south of Claim 
 No. 2. Practically all of the mining is now being done here. The 
 workings consist of an open cut 50 feet long, 25 feet deep and 5 feet 
 wide. Below this cut a tunnel, now about 90 feet from portal, is being 
 driven on a vein of high grade ore which varies from two to six feet in 
 width. The ore occurs along a fault fracture striking S. 10° E., with 
 a dip of 65° N.W. A winze is being sunk on the vein about 50 feet 
 from the portal. It is now 25 feet deep, and the vein appears to be 
 becoming wider and of higher grade with depth. Undoubtedly, a 
 
 Photo No. U. Tunnel and open cut on Schellenger Manganese Claims, in the McCoy 
 
 Mountains, Riverside County. 
 
 large tonnage will shortly be developed in this working. The ore can 
 be .easily traced for a distance of a couple of hundred feet to the 
 southeast along this fracture. The dump at this working, which con- 
 tains several thousand tons, is said to average better than 30% Mn. 
 
 The manganese ore throughout these claims occurs in a series of 
 parallel fractures along the northeast slope of the hill, which extends 
 through a porphyritic rhyolite, highly brecciated along the fractures. 
 The veins are evidently very persistent as their croppings can be traced 
 at intervals for several thousand feet. During 1915, the property was 
 worked under lease by Robert Kinzie and associates of San Francisco, 
 who shipped out 1500 tons of ore said to average over 40% Mu. 
 
 In 1917, a bond and lease was taken on it by Chas. F. Bradford and 
 associates of Blythe, the present operators. During the past few months, 
 six ear loads of ore have been shipped out. The assays on these ship- 
 
56 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 njents varied from 44% to 54% Mn, and from 1.30% to 5.58% SiO,. 
 About 1000 tons of ore have been shipped out, which it is reported will 
 average 47% Mn. At present less than a dozen men are employed, 
 but new men are being put to work as fast as they can be obtained, 
 and it is expected to be producing a carload a day within the next 
 few months. "Work is to be started on Claims No. 1 and No. 2 imme- 
 diately. Floyd Brown of Blythe, has the contract for hauling the ore. 
 Chas. F. Bradford is managing the property. 
 
 Black Horse Group. Floyd Brown, P. H. Bray and W. Simoyne, of 
 Blythe, have located a group of four claims west of the Black Jack 
 Mine described above. The surface croppiugs show narrow veins in the 
 rhyolite striking parallel to tho.se of the Black Jack Group. These 
 locations have only recently been made, and no work has as yet been 
 started. 
 
 P. H. Bray, of Blythe, is mining a deposit which lies about 1000 ft. 
 south of Claim No. 3 of the Black Jack Group. The vein here appears 
 to be a continuation of the Black Jack No. 3, as it lies along the strike 
 of that vein, and is proving to be very strong with depth. The ore is 
 psilomelane exhibiting the concentric structure and botryoidal surface 
 which is characteristic of the ore of this district. A 25-ft. shaft was 
 sunk on the vein, which at the outcrop consisted of manganese ore inter- 
 mixed with brecciated rhyolite over a width of a couple of feet. The 
 vein has gradually been widening with depth, and becoming richer in 
 manganese. At the bottom of the shaft there is very little of the 
 brecciated material, and the vein is about five feet wide. Drifts are 
 being driven along the vein north and south from this level, and show 
 ore four to five feet wide in both faces. A carload of good ore had been 
 shipped and 30 tons more said to run 447o manganese were on the stock 
 pile in February, 1918. Three men are employed. 
 
 Brum and Newport Prospect, A deposit of manganese has recently 
 been located seven miles by road southwest of Ferris on the Temecula 
 branch of the Santa Fe Railroad. The deposit occurs on a low ridge 
 1000 feet west of the railroad. The ore, manganese oxides, occurs as 
 lenses interbedded in jasper. The jasper is thin-bedded and extensive, 
 outcropping for several miles in a northwesterly course. The beds are 
 stained in many places with the manganese but development work has 
 been confined to two rather promising outcrops. The lower working, 
 probably 300 feet above the railroad, consists of a 30 ft. tunnel driven 
 to cut an orebody which outcrops 40 feet above. This ledge or lens 
 dips 45° into the hill, and in the face of the tunnel shows a width of 
 three feet. The ore appears to be quite siliceous, but along the footwall 
 side shows about one foot of the hard black oxide. Throughout the 
 remainder, it is intermixed with the jasper, and varies from the soft 
 
■ MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 57 
 
 powdery dioxide to the hard massive ore. The outcrop of this body can 
 be traced only a few feet, but the ore appears to be of fairly high grade. 
 There are about twenty tons on the dump here from which several tons 
 of high grade ore could undoubtedly be recovered by hand sorting. 
 
 The upper working is a couple of hundred feet above and about 500 
 feet west of the lower. Here a 50 ft. shaft was sunk on the orebody, 
 which varies in Avidth from three to four feet. The ledge consists of 
 stringers of high grade ore 3" to 8" wide separated by the cherty 
 seams. Twenty feet below the collar of the shaft, a tunnel was driven to 
 cut the vein. On the summit of the ridge, about 30 feet above the shaft, 
 there is a small cropping showing some good ore. There are 20 to 30 
 tons of ore taken from the shaft on the dump, which appears to be 
 quite siliceous. 
 
 It is reported that there are some promising outcrops east of the rail- 
 road in a canyon tributary to Railroad Canyon about one and a half 
 miles distant, but no development work has been done upon them. 
 George Brum, Lloyd Newport, et al., of Ferris, are the owners of this 
 property which is covered by a group of several claims. An option has 
 recently been taken on the group by Harford and Greenleaf, of Ferris, 
 Cal. An analysis of a sample from this deposit was made by Smith 
 Emery and Co. It showed 34.42% manganese, 9.52% silica, and 
 0.140% phosphorus. 
 
 Doran Manganese Claims. The Doran property is located in the 
 north end of the Falen Mountains, about ten miles northwest of the 
 Black Jack Mine, and 22 miles northwest of Mineral. Fackards "Well 
 lies about six miles to the north. The locations comprise two claims 
 extending end to end in a general northerly and southerly direction. 
 These claims embrace the top of the ridge, whose elevation here, at the 
 point of discovery, is 2500 ft. above sea level, and about 700 ft. above 
 the wash at its base. The road from Mineral to Adams Well lies prob- 
 ably three miles in an air line west of the property. From this point it 
 is accessible only by a hard desert trail. 
 
 The manganese occurrence here is very similar to that of the McCoy. 
 Mountains, the ore being deposited in a vein, which is a tilling in a 
 fault fracture in rhyolite. The outcrop is first observed about 300 feet 
 below the summit, striking a little east of south. Here it has a width 
 of several feet, but is intermixed with the brecciated rhyolite. A small 
 cut shows about 18" of high grade ore. The vein can be followed over 
 the summit and down the south slope for several hundred feet. At the 
 few places where cuts have been made, it appears to be widening with 
 depth. About 50 feet east of the main vein, a series of croppings were 
 observed w^hich evidently mark a parallel vein. Ore from these claims 
 assayed 44% metallic manganese, and 3.9% silica. 
 
58 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 The locations were made in 1915, but due to their inaccessibility have 
 never been developed. Considerable work must be done before it can 
 be determined whether the veins will yield a sufficient tonnage to war- 
 rant the expense of constructing a road to the property. W. C. Doran 
 et al. of Los Angeles are the owners. 
 
 Elsinore Manganese Deposits. These deposits long known and 
 located, lie 6 miles northeast of Elsinore, a station on the branch of the 
 A. T. & S. F. R. R., extending south from San Bernardino, and are in 
 Sees. 23 and 24, T. 5 S., R. 4 W. One group of six locations is west of 
 the railroad and another group of nine locations is east of the 
 railroad, and perhaps ^ mile farther north. A portion of the prop- 
 erty reaches the railroad while the farthest point of any location is less 
 than 1^ miles distant. 
 
 On Sec. 23, what was pointed out as the principal vein was visited, 
 though another parallel vein is said to exist. This vein outcrops at the 
 top of a hill some 1500 to 2000 ft. distant from and approxinuitely 400 
 to 500 ft. above the railroad. The outcrop here is 3 ft. wide and a hole 
 3 ft. deep has been sunk upon it. Some 75 to 100 ft. distant, toward the 
 railroad, a 10 ft. shaft has been sunk, showing the vein to be 4 ft. wide 
 at the surface. Below tliis point is a tunnel 20 ft. in length, driven in 
 the footwall, so the width of the vein is indeterminable. The central 
 vein outcrops show an indefinite width, being considerably broken, and 
 covered with detritus. This vein may be 16 to 20 ft. in width as the 
 distance from the apparent foot to the hanging wall would indicate. 
 The width can only be determined by trenching. The manganese occurs 
 in this vein as rhodonite, decomposing to oxide at the surface. The 
 country rock is granite and schist. Chas. P. Carter, of Elsinore, owner. 
 
 Grosse Manganese Claims. C. E. Grosse, of Blythe, has a group of 
 5 claims about ^ mile south of the Black Jack group. The workings 
 here consist of several shallow cuts, and two shafts. The veins show 
 up very strongly, but there is more lime in the ore in the form of calcite 
 crystals, than seen at the other properties. At the surface the veins 
 are narrow, but in both of the shafts they are widening with depth. 
 The two shafts are about 300 feet apart, and on opposite sides of a 
 small ravine in which is situated the camp. It is expected to sink each 
 shaft 50 feet and then start drifting on the vein. Two carloads have 
 already been shipped, and there are about 30 tons on the stock pile. 
 Work was started here in January, 1918. 
 
 Hauser, Martin and Cheeseborough Claims. Hauser, 1138 Oxford 
 Avenue, Los Angeles. These claims, seven in number, are situated 2^ 
 miles from Mineral station on the California-Southern railroad in the 
 eastern end of the county, just south of the Mabery and Brown 
 deposit described below. Three cars of ore were shipped from this 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 59 
 
 property by the Noble Electric Steel Co., of San Francisco, a couple of 
 yeai^ ago, and very little ore is now exposed. No work has been done 
 here since. 
 
 Mabery and Brown Manganese Deposit. This property consisting of 
 12 claims, lies at the base of the east slope of the Maria IMoiintains, 
 about two miles by road west of IMineral. The manganese ore here 
 occurs as irregular pockets or lenses in a hard, almost marbleized, gray- 
 ish white limestone. Numerous outcrops occur over the claims, the 
 general trend of them being north and south. The croppings are gen- 
 erally large and of irregular shape; the manganese ores being usually 
 intermixed with the limestone of which it is a replacement. Develop- 
 ment consists of a shallow shaft 8 feet deep which was sunk on a very 
 promising cropping. From this shaft, a large chamber has been 
 opened, already yielding 2 car loads w^hich averaged 44.2% Mn, and 
 2% SiOo. The width of the ore body here is about 8 feet. To the 
 south of this working, probably 300 feet, an open cut is being made on 
 a cropping which shows a couple of feet of high grade ore. "Work was 
 only started in January, 1918, and production now averages 4 tons 
 daily with 6 men emploj^ed. The numerous croppings on this property 
 would lead one to believe that large tonnages of ore will be developed. 
 11. N. IMabery, 1125 Elza Avenue, Los Angeles, and Chas. E. Brown, of 
 Mecca, California, are the owners. 
 
 Palo Verde Region Manganese Claims. Messrs. Lugo and Justice 
 Smith of Palo Verde, Imperial County, own some manganese claims, 
 located 8 miles northwest of Palo Verde and 10 miles west of the Colo- 
 rado River. The property is close to the line between Riverside and 
 Imperial Counties. There are reported to be 500 tons of ore, carrying 
 35% metallic manganese, ready for shipment. 
 
 Palen Mountains Deposit. Frank Coffey of Mecca owns a number 
 of claims for manganese in the Palen Mountains northeast of Blythe. 
 
 Schellenger Manganese Claims. See Black Jack Manganese Mine. 
 
 SAN BENITO COUNTY. 
 
 Fries Ranch. Several deposits of manganese ore associated with 
 red jaspej: outcrop along a ridge in Sections 5 and 8, T. 13 S., R. 8 E., 
 18 miles by road east of Tres Pinos. As no development work has been 
 done at the property, it is impossible to justify an opinion concerning 
 their extent. The jasper beds outcrop as bold ledges near the sum- 
 mit of the ridge, striking northwest. It is in a continuation of 
 these beds that the Hendricks Mine and Lewis Ranch deposit are 
 located. The beds are more or less stained with manganese, and prob- 
 ably some fair deposits might be developed. It is idle. Peter Fries 
 of Ilollister, is the owner. 
 
60 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Hannagan Ranch Deposit. A deposit of manganese ore occurs in 
 the SE. i of SW. i of Sec. 22, T. 15 S., R. 9 E., about 31 miles by 
 road southeast of Tres Pinos, at the base of a low hill at the west end of 
 Big Panoehe Valley. The New Idria road runs within 1000 ft. of the 
 deposit. It does not outcrop but has been exposed by an open cut about 
 6 ft. across, showing 3 ft. of good ore. The jasper beds in the vicinity 
 are heavily stained with manganese. The deposit is under option to 
 E. T. Stewart of Dos Palos,. and was idle when visited. 
 
 Hawkins Ranch. The Noble Electric Steel Company developed 
 a deposit of manganese ore on this property, which is in Section 35, 
 T. 11 S., E. 6 E., 13 miles by road northeast of Hollister. The ore was 
 mixed with the jasper, and carried considerable iron so that it had to be 
 hand sorted before shipping. Three carloads were shipped in 1916, 
 which averaged over 1:0% metallic manganese, and the property has not 
 been developed since. T. S. Hawkins of Hollister is the owner. In 
 the fall of 1917, this property was leased to John Burmeister and G. W. 
 Grayson of Hollister was preparing to do development work for the 
 lessee. 
 
 Hendricks Mine. This property comprising 80 acres of patented 
 land, is in Section 24, T. 13 S., R. 8 E., 23 miles east of Tres Pinos, 
 over a good auto road which runs within one-half mile of the mine. It 
 
 Photo No. 12. Open cut at Hendricks Mine, exposing ledge 10' high, 3'-6' wide, for a 
 
 distance of 75'. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 61 
 
 lies close to the Merced County line, and less than two miles in an 
 air line from the Briggs Mine. The elevation at the tunnel is 1930 
 ft. It is reached by a trail from the road, which could be extended up 
 to the workings with little cost. The jasper beds with which is associ- 
 ated a deposit of manganese oxides, outcrop prominently for several 
 hundred feet, striking almost due east. An open cut or trench 
 has been made along the croppiugs for 75 feet. In this trench is un- 
 covered an orebody which varies from 6' to 10' in width. About 50' 
 below this working, a tunnel has been driven for 135 ft. It cuts the 
 deposit at about 80 ft. from the portal, probably a continuation of that 
 exposed in the working above. The ore is psilomelane. It is in the red 
 jasper, and in places is intermixed with it. The deposit is said to 
 have been first worked over 30 years ago, but there is no record of any 
 commercial production. It is one of the most favorable prospects vis- 
 ited and, judging from the ore body now exposed, should develop into 
 a good mine. The only reason that can be attributed for its idleness 
 at the present time, is the high price at which the property was held 
 for many years. This discouraged operators and the owners did not 
 care to develop it themselves. The owners are T. H. Hackett, Mrs. Anna 
 Briggs, and L. E. Thornton. Dan McPhail of Hollister, is agent. Late 
 in 1917 this property was leased to John Burmeister. His local agent, 
 G. W. Grayson, planned early development. 
 Bibl. : Bull. 38, p. 336. 
 
 Lewis Ranch. A small deposit of manganese ore associated with 
 jasper, outcrops near the top of a mountain in Section 7, T. 13 S., R. 8 E. 
 This deposit adjoins that of the Fries Ranch in Section 8, and is of the 
 same character. The road from Hollister and Tres Pinos extends to 
 the ranch house below the deposit. No work has been done on it and 
 the property is idle. William Lewis, Tres Pinos, Cal., is the owner. 
 
 SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 Despite the handicaps imposed by desert conditions, the production of 
 manganese ore has made a fair start toward commercial success in 
 San Bernardino County. While the output to date has come largely 
 from a single property, undoubtedly in a highly mineralized area of this 
 size (20,157 sq. mi.) other manganese deposits, now undeveloped, will 
 in due time contribute. 
 
 Black Prince Group. The holdings consist of four claims situated 
 on the north slope of the Avawatz Mountains, about 35 miles west of 
 Riggs Station, on the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad. Massive iron 
 stained croppings of brecciated andesite strike east, and are cut 
 by a series of small veins of manganese. There is no possibility 
 of developing any tonnage on the property, and what has been developed 
 
62 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 by a 5-foot shaft .shows a liigh silica content. It is owned by C. S. Van 
 Horn and C. E. Berkhart, of Daggett, California. 
 
 Emma Manganese Claims. Two manganese claims known as the 
 Emma No. 1 and Emma No. 2 are owned by Euben Stenton of Silver 
 Lake. These claims are located on a ridge one mile north of the 
 Owls Head Manganese Mine in the Owl Mountains, at an elevation 
 of 2800 ft. They are about 36 miles slightly north and west of 
 Riggs, or 45 miles northwest of Silver Lake, both stations un 
 the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad, north of Ludlov^^ The Owl 
 Mountains are a small group southwest of Death Valley Narrows. A 
 short crosscut tunnel has been driven 20 ft. cutting a contact between 
 limestone and granite, and developing 12 inches of ore on the contact. 
 This ore is a high grade pyrolusite and the outcrop along the contact 
 can be traced for several hundred feet on the surface. 
 
 Lavic Mountain Deposit. Seven claims are embraced in this prop- 
 erty, which is located five miles by road northwest of Ludlow. The 
 claims are, however, within two miles of the Tonopah & Tidewater 
 tracks. The Lavic Mountains, in which they are situated, are a typical 
 low mountain range of the desert country. A series of parallel veins of 
 manganese ore outcrop in this range, striking N. 60° W. and cutting a 
 rhyolite breccia. The outcrops are strong and may be followed for a 
 distance of a mile in length. On the northwest end of the claims there 
 is an open cut three feet deep on a fracture striking N. 60° W., exposing 
 two and one-half feet of ore. Elevation 2900 ft. Fifty feet southeast 
 of this open cut is a second one showing three feet of pyrolusite ore. 
 On the southeast end of the claims, there are two open cuts on the same 
 veins as the above which show five feet of ore, the manganese, however, 
 being intermixed with a brecciated material which makes it run higher 
 in silica. Three hundred feet east of this vein there is another vein 
 striking N. 60° W., upon which a number of prospect holes show from 
 12 inches to one and one-half feet of ore. About fifty tons of ore 
 have been extracted from these open cuts but it evidently runs high in 
 silica. The owners of this property are Alf Seymour, T. D. Garringer 
 and L. V. Root, all of Daggett. 
 
 Owls Hole Manganese Mine. This mine first opened up in 1914, 
 has a substantial production record, and under the name of either the 
 Owls Head or Owls Hole Manganese ]\Iine is probably the best known 
 deposit of manganese ore in the southern counties. The property is in 
 the Owl ]\Iountains southwest of Death Valley Narrows at the southern 
 end of the valley, in the same locality as the Emma manganese claims 
 previously described. It is a little northwest of the Owls Hole Spring, 
 a source of water supply and 35 miles north of west from Riggs, the 
 shipping point on the Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad, The property 
 includes 21 claims, which lie at an average elevation of 2400 ft. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 63 
 
 The ore occurs along a series of fault fractures which strike north- 
 west and southeast in a granite formation, and also as lenses along the 
 contact between the granite and overlying limestone or granite eon- 
 glomerate. This limestone at one time probably covered the whole area 
 of the granite formation, but has since been eroded. Along the fractures 
 which are more or less parallel, two shafts have been sunk to a depth 
 of 60 feet. The ore developed in these workings shows a width of four 
 to six feet, and is a good grade pyrolusite. There is also an open cut 50 
 feet in length on a parallel vein 50 feet west of the north shaft which 
 shows three feet of good ore on its south face. 
 
 Photo No. 13. Owl's Hole Manganese Mine, San Bernardino County, showing bunkers and 
 glory hole. At contact of limestone and granitic conglomerate. 
 
 About one and one-half miles northwest of these workings is an open 
 cut showing four feet of ore. This cut is one-half mile from the wagon 
 road. There is also on the ridge above this open cut, a large man- 
 ganiferous iron outcrop 200 to 300 feet long and about 50 to 75 
 feet wide. First-class ore as shipped carries 70% MnOo and less than 
 1% of Fe.^Oo. Second class ore carries about 40% MnO.. The ore is 
 trammed from the main shaft to bunkers, where it is loaded in trucks 
 and hauled to Riggs Station. 
 
 North of the shaft in an arroyo there is an open cut where the 
 manganese occurs on the contact of limestone and a granitic conglome- 
 rate. The croppings at this point are about 50 feet wide and the ore 
 is intermixed with the granitic conglomerate. At the edge of the glory 
 hole a shaft has been sunk to a depth of 60 ft. These workings are on 
 the northeast edge of a wash, the orebody striking N. 45° W. By sorting 
 
64 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 the ore from the glory hole and shaft, a good tonnage could be mined 
 from this point. 
 
 Owing to litigation, the mine is at present idle. Alexander Yoeman, 
 of Silver Lake, is the owner. An office is maintained at 420 Union Oil 
 Bldg., Los Angeles. 
 
 SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY. 
 
 For a general description of the San Joaquin County area, see under 
 Alameda Connty, ^ante, and accompanying map (Plate II). 
 
 Crocker Properties. M. I. Crocker, No. 1023 Insurance Exchange 
 Building, San Francisco, owner. These include a number of sections of 
 land in the southwest corner of San Joaquin County, among which 
 manganese has been noted on Sec. 3'5, T. 4 S., R. 4 E., M. D. M. Un- ^ 
 developed. i 
 
 Cummings Lease. See Winship Properties. I 
 
 Ladd Mine. Providence Exploration Co., owner; M. C, Seagrave, s 
 manager; Balboa Building, San Francisco. The first manganese min- ; 
 .ing in California was done in 1867 at this property which is located in 
 Corral Hollow in Sec. 2, T. 4 S., R. 4 E., twelve miles southwest of v 
 Tracy. It was opened by A. S. Ladd and worked by him until. 1874, ^ 
 during which time about 5000 tons of ore were shipped to England.* 
 In 1874 it was bought by Justinian Caire of San Francisco, but shortly 
 afterwards shipments of California ore to England were stopped by the 
 impossibility of competing with Spanish manganese, so that compar- 
 atively little ore was produced for many years. In 1916 it was taken 
 over by Mr. Seagrave, and has since become the largest single producer 
 in the state. 
 
 The ore is deposited in a well-defined body between jasper walls, 
 and in previous reports has been described as a filling in a fault fissure. 
 The later and more extensive developments seem to indicate that it is 
 an interbedded deposit with the Franciscan cherts or jaspers similar 
 to the others in this district except that it is more extensive. It strikes 
 N. 10° to 30° W., dipping southwest from quite flat to nearly vertical, 
 the average being 40°. It has been exposed along the strike for about 
 2000 feet varying in Avidth up to 30 feet, but averaging 4 to 5 feet. 
 The best and largest ore shoots have been found where the dip flattens 
 out. The ore in the main body is the hard massive oxide, black or steel 
 gray in color, and without crystalline structure so that it is impossible 
 to distinguish the particular oxide present, manganite, psilomelane or 
 pyrolusite. 
 
 In places the walls are clayey. Here the ore is powdery and soft, blue 
 black in color, and generally intermixed with the clay. In the lower 
 
 ♦Arkansas Geological Survey, Ann. Report 1890, vol. 1. 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 65 
 
 workings of the mine, below water level in the shaft, and in the lowest 
 tunnel known as the water-tnnnel, rhodoehrosite, the carbonate of man- 
 ganese, occurs. This ore, first encountered in the Fabian shaft, was for 
 many years thought to be gangue material and its prevalence there led 
 to the abandonment of the shaft until quite recently. 
 
 Photo No. 14. Ladd Mine, looking southeasterly from Fabian shaft, showing 
 open cut along strike of orebody. 
 
 The presence of the carbonate ore at lower depths indicates that the 
 ore was all originally deposited as the carbonate, but in the zone of 
 oxidation is being reduced to the oxides, as the carbonate ore in the 
 presence of air changes over into the soft black oxide. 
 
 The property is developed by three tunnels in the southeastern por- 
 tion of the section and by the Fabian incline shaft near the north line, 
 the collar of the shaft being 2000 feet northeast of the portal of the 
 
 5— 3S958 
 
66 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 "water" tunnel. The shaft is sunk 100 feet on the vein, which here 
 averages from 3 to 4 feet in width throughout its length. Both the 
 oxides and the carbonates occur here, the latter having been deposited 
 along the clay walls. When visited, the shaft had only been unwatered a 
 few days and no drifts had been driven along the vein. The ore body 
 was being stoped both to north and south from a point about forty 
 feet below collar of shaft. Mr. Seagrave states that this has since been 
 worked out, and proved to be only a lens. 
 
 The "water" or "spring" tunnel (main working tunnel) has been 
 driven about 300 feet along the vein, 359 feet in vertical elevation 
 
 Photo No. IS. White Good-Roads Truck, used by Western Rock Products Company in haul- 
 ing manganese ore from the Ladd Mine, San Joaquin County. This same truck 
 was used by A. A. Haskins at Hollister for hauling dolomite. 
 
 below the croppings, and at about the same elevation as the collar of 
 the shaft. The vein here varies up to 30 feet in width, and the ore is 
 high grade, both carbonate and oxides. Considerable stoping is being 
 done above this level. 
 
 The "Red" tunnel is 75 feet vertically above the water tunnel. It 
 was driven to crosscut the vein, and then follows it for 150 feet. The 
 upper tunnel, 85 feet vertically above the middle tunnel is 400 feet 
 long, following the vein. There is an intermediate tunnel between the 
 Eed tunnel and upper tunnel, 54 feet along the vein, connected with 
 the upper tunnel by a 40-ft. raise, entirely in ore. From the upper 
 tunnel there is a raise to the surface, but it is not in the vein as the ore 
 
 J 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 {)( 
 
 ])od\ is I'aiiltcd Iicit, and oll'si-ls scvci-al fe'ct. Tlic outcrops liavc been 
 worked by large open cuts so that little ore remains exposed at the sur- 
 face. Several thousand tons of hi.i;h g:rade ore Avere blocked out in the 
 mine, when visited, and it lias been estimated that there are about 
 10,000 tons of low grade ore in the dumps, that could be recovered by 
 jigging. 
 
 The ore was hauled from the mine by motor trucks, later by bottom- 
 dump wagons, 1^ miles to the crushing and screening plant, at ]\Ian- 
 ganese Siding on the Tesla branch line of the AVestern Pacific Rail- 
 
 Photo No. 16. Aerial tramway on Sec. 13, T. 4 S., R. 4 E.. M. D. M., San Joaquin 
 County, used by Manganese Company of California. 
 
 road. The capacity of the plant is two tons per hour, the finest ore 
 shipped to glass factories, and the coarse ore to steel companies. The 
 production averages about 25 tons daily with forty men employed. 
 
 Bibl.: Repts. X, p. 564; XIII, p. 507; XIV, p. 620. U. S. G. S. 
 Bui. 427, p. 166. Arkansas Geol. Surv., Ann. Rep. 1890, Vol. I. 
 
 Wiltsee Lease, See Winship Properties. 
 
 Winship Properties. K. D. Winship, 850 Post Street,' San Fran- 
 cisco, owner. These include a number of sections of land in the south- 
 east corner of San Joaquin County, on some of which manganese ore 
 has been developed and shipments made. The following contain man- 
 ganese mines or prospects: Sec. 3, 11, and 13, T. 4 S., R. 4 E., and Sec. 
 
68 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 19, T. 4 S., R. 5 E., M. I). ^L The above-noted Sec. 11 adjoins the 
 Ladd Mine on the south, and a])parentl3^ the Ladd vein system extends 
 into it. Across on the south side of the canon, opposite the Ladd mine, 
 a tunnel was driven in about 100 ft., on a manganese lead which out- 
 crops on a ridge about 50 ft. above it. There are two or three short 
 
 Photo No. 17. Slope in manganese mine (Winship) — Wiltsee Lease — Sec. 13, 
 T. 4 S., R. 4 E., M. D. M., San Joaquin County, southeast of Tesla. 
 
 crosscuts and one small stope from which some ore was shipped unaer 
 the Doak Lease in 1915. There is a chute 17" wide which carried the 
 ore to a wagon road in the bottom of the caiion. On a ridge above the 
 tunnel there are two parallel outcroppings, a few feet apart from which 
 ore has been taken out in shallow, open cuts. About 100 ft. westerly- 
 there is a small outcrop of promising looking material, but no work has 
 as yet been done on it. i 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 69 
 
 On Sec. 13, above noted, the Manganese Company of California 
 (Wiltsee Lease) did considerable work during 1916, including roads, 
 aerial tram, and underground developments. The tramway is gravity 
 operated, one bucket on each rope, the loaded one raising the empty 
 to the loading bin, and crosses a deep caiion, saving at least two miles 
 of wagon road. See Photo No. 16. 
 
 The mine workings consist of about 800 feet or so of drifts and 
 crosscuts, and a stope up to 25' or 30' long, extending from the sur- 
 face down to a depth of approximately 150'. The stulls supporting it 
 are up to 10' in length. See Photo No. 17. This particular lens of 
 manganese ore, so far as developed, appears to have been worked out, 
 the material left around the edges being somewhat mixed with silica, 
 and narrower in width. The strike of the "vein" in the stope at the 
 surface is approximately N. 20° E., and has a dip about 70° NW. 
 Judging from occasional bits of ore lying about, some high grade man- 
 ganese must have been shipped out from here. Along the ridge a 
 short distance to the right from the present workings are some out- 
 croppings of manganiferous chert. Though this particular lens 
 appears to have been worked out, there is no reason to believe that 
 others like it may not be opened up with further exploration work. 
 In fact, in practically all of this Tesla-Franciscan district, the man- 
 ganese ore, where found in commercial quantities is in recurrent lenses. 
 
 Both of these sections are at present (November, 1917) under lease 
 to James J. and Frank E. Cummings, Livermore, who have begun 
 shipment from Sec. 13. They report having opened up another lens 
 of ore (or a continuation of the other) by crosscutting. They also 
 have a lease on Sec. 3, T. 4 S., R. 4 E., on Corral Hollow, Alameda 
 County; also on Sec. 17 and 19, T. 5 S., R. 6 E., on the South Branch 
 of Ingram Creek, Stanislaus County. 
 
 SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY. 
 
 Small deposits of manganese ore have been noticed from time to time 
 in the western part of the county, but the price of ore, previous to the 
 war, did not justify any systematic investigation, and practically no 
 work was done to prove the availability of the deposits. (See Plate III.) 
 Recently the attractive price and strong demand have led to the opening 
 of two properties which are now producing on a small scale, and other 
 prospects are now being developed. 
 
 The manganese occurs as oxides, both hard and soft, but appar- 
 ently the best of the ore is largely psilomelane, near the surface and 
 hausmannite at greater depth. It occurs as irregular shaped bunches 
 and as seam fillings in tlie Franciscan chert. The chert lentils are 
 common on the east slope of the San Tjuis range from the line of the 
 Pacific Coast railroad northwestward and also along the west slope of 
 
70 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 the Santa Lucia Mountains through the entire length of the count\'. 
 Known deposits of manganese are widel}^ distributed in both these Fran- 
 ciscan belts, and other deposits may be reasonal)ly looked for wherever 
 the chert is found. The known occurrences are rather small and some 
 show a high content of silica. The chert in the vicinity of the 
 ore pockets is usually stained black, giving the impression of greater 
 bodies of ore than really exist. 
 
 Evans Mang-anese Prospects. W. & J. Evans, San Simeon, owners. 
 There are two prospects located on steep hills above San Carpojaro 
 Creek, one in Section 3, T. 25 S., R. 6 E., and the other two miles dis- 
 tant. While only a short distance from the ocean, the ore would have 
 to be taken down steep sloi)es to reach the road whicli follows the bed 
 of San Carpojaro Creek, and there would be a haul of five and seven 
 miles, respectively, to the creek's mouth, with some road repairing 
 necessary before hauling could be done. San Simeon is about 12 miles 
 from the mouth of the creek, over a fair road. 
 
 The J. Elvans prospect shows manganese oxides in a jasper lens 100 
 feet in width, with a strong outcrop that can be traced for a consider- 
 able distance on the surface. The strike of the lens is N. 60° E., and 
 the cropping is heavily stained with manganese for a width of 60 feet. 
 Several shallow holes have been sunk along the outcrop, in which some 
 manganese ore apparently carrying a good deal of silica shows. The 
 W. Evans prospect shows a pocket of manganese oxides five feet wide. 
 Recent assays indicate 48% and 37% metallic manganese, respectively, 
 with 8%, silica. A previous assay indicated much less manganese and 
 a very high silica content. As noted elsewhere, the manganese oxides 
 are in bunches, which grade into material stained black, which resem- 
 bles ore but is nearly all silica. An investigation of such deposits must 
 take into consideration the size of ore pockets. Probably there is 
 some good ore in most of the manganese deposits in the county ; but the ; 
 factors which will determine their availability for mining are the size] 
 and distribution of the bunches of ore. 
 
 Hearst Ranch Prospect. This is a newly found deposit of man-] 
 ganese oxides in chert. It is located on the Hearst property on San* 
 Simeon Creek, three miles from the wharf at San Simeon. A good! 
 showing is reported, but no analysis has been made. Because of the] 
 short haul to the steamer, it is believed that the prospect will be opened 
 immediately by the owner's agents, with a view to shipping if ore is] 
 developed. 
 
 Hobson Claims. W. K. Hobson of Cayucos has several claims] 
 originally located for copper and chrome on which there is a cropping] 
 of chert, or jasper, 10 to 15 ft. wide. The jasper strata contains 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 71 
 
 bunches and coatings of manganese oxides. The chiinis are 8 miles 
 east of Cayucos on the west side of the Santa Lucia range between Morro 
 and Toro creeks. It is probable that this deposit is a continuation of 
 that found on the Phelan ranch, near Cambria, and described later. 
 
 Johe Ranch Deposit. On the George M. Johe Ranch in Clark 
 Valley, some large boulders of float have been found in a caiion one- 
 half mile east of the ranch house. The property is ten miles southwest 
 of San Luis Obispo. Five men are employed in prospecting for ore 
 in place. The mineral rights have been leased by the California i\Ian- 
 ganese Co., 180 Sutter Street, San Francisco. No ore has been shipped 
 yet, but an assay indicates 78% MnOa and 1^% silica, which probably 
 represents the very best of the ore. 
 
 Phelan Ranch Deposits. These deposits are on patented agricul- 
 tural land and are owned by Phelan L. & C. Co. — R. and Jeff 
 Phelan, post office, Cambria. They are situated in the Pine Moun- 
 tain district, in T. 27 S., R. 8 E., 8 miles from Cambria, the nearest 
 town, and 34 miles from San Luis Obispo. It is six miles from the 
 ranch house to the deposit. Deep water transportation is found at 
 San Simeon, about 10 miles distant. The deposit occurs as a bold out- 
 crop on the slope of a hill and as float on top of the hill. The elevation 
 is 1700 ft. A strata, or lens of blue, red, brown and green jasper 12 ft. 
 in width strikes N. 50° W., and dips 20° to 40° north. Three promi- 
 nent outcrops of manganese oxides in irregular masses of comparative 
 purity, alternate with chert or jasper and all percentages of silica and 
 manganese oxides are exposed in the croppings along the vein for 200 
 yds. The float ore found on the top of the hill above the vein exposure 
 may indicate folding or flattening of the vein, or another parallel lens. 
 Recent assays of samples from this deposit indicated a high silica and 
 low manganese content, but the haphazard method by which some of 
 the manganese prospects in the county are sampled, make it unsafe to 
 place much reliance on the results obtained. 
 
 Riccioli Prospect. Victor Riccioli, Cayucos, owner. Located one- 
 quarter mile from the road between Cayucos and Cambria, and seven 
 miles southeast of the latter. The prospect is very well located for 
 mining and is within 28 miles of the railroad at San Luis Obispo. The 
 chert outcrop strikes northwest and carries irregular shaped masses of 
 mixed manganese oxides in three places. There are two bunches of 
 apparently fair grade material with a maxinuim width of 4^ ft. at the 
 surface. These outcrop about 50 feet apart, and there is probably some 
 ore under the surface between them. The manganiferous outcrop is 
 about 100 feet long here. Signs of manganese in the chert along the 
 strike to the southeast, and in a stream canyon to the northeast, have 
 been noted but not prospected. A little drilling has been done on the 
 
72 
 
 CiULiIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 two bunches mentioned above, but they have not been uncovered, and no 
 work has been done along the outcrop to determine the continuity of the 
 deposit. This property has been leased (April, 1918) by J. A. Faucher 
 et al., of Oakland, and a small force will be put to work at once. Two 
 picked samples assayed by A. A. Hanks showed 56% and 51% man- 
 ganese, with silica not determined. A previous sample, said to carry 
 more than the allowable percentage of silica, may have come from the 
 leaner portion of the chert, which is stained black for several feet on 
 each side of the ore pockets. 
 
 Photo No. 17a. Staneuch Ranch, or Prefumo Canon Manganese Deposit, San Luis Obispo 
 County, showing lower tunnel. Manganese Company of California, lessee. 
 
 Staneuch Ranch Deposit. The mineral rights on 200 acres of this 
 ranch have been leased by the IManganese Co. of California, 180 Sutter 
 Street, San Francisco. JMining of manganese ore is going on at three 
 places on a steep hillside, the highest opening being about 850 feet 
 above sea level. The property is in the Prefumo Caiion district, west 
 of San Luis Obispo, to which place the ore is hauled over eight miles 
 of good road. The original strike of the chert lentil has been dis- 
 turbed by sliding and the seams of ore cross it transversely as well as 
 parallel to the strike. The mine workings are small. The largest 
 bunch of ore taken out so far was ragged and irregular in shape, with a 
 height of ten feet and wddth of one to four feet, high grade enough to 
 ship. Several carloads have been shipped. Three tunnels at different 
 elevations below this opening, are being driven to develop similar show- 
 ings, and several short tunnels are also being put into a steep hillside 
 a mile distant where open cuts revealed ore in bunches over a distance 
 of 500 feet. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 73 
 
 The best ore noticed was blue-black, has a hardness about 5 to 5.5, and 
 a conchoidal fracture. It was probably mostly psilomelane, although 
 it is said that considerable soft ore is found also. 
 
 -»i.»*»>>f!^ 
 
 «#' 
 
 Vest side of canon. 
 Manganese 
 
 49.4 
 
 Silica 
 
 6.8 
 
 Manganese dioxide 
 
 GO.O 
 
 Photo No. 17b. Staneuch Ranch, or Prefumo Canon Manganese Deposit, showing tunnels 
 
 on stope of ridge. 
 
 The following analyses of car samples by Geo. A. James show the 
 [ quality of ore from two places where mining is going on : 
 
 East side of canon. 
 
 Manganese sesquioxide S.8 
 
 Manganese dioxide 78.1 
 
 Iron sesquioxide 3.04 
 
 Moisture 2.1 
 
 Organic matter 0.4 
 
 Calcium carbonate 0.22 
 
 Copper oxide 0.094 
 
 Silica 3.32 
 
 Alumina .GO 
 
 Magnesia Trace 
 
 Water 2.4 
 
 Phosphorus .28 
 
 Kesults obtained here indicate in a general way what may reasonably 
 be expected from similar prospects in the county. 
 
 Welsh Ranch Deposit. On Welsh Ranch, eight miles west of San 
 Luis Obispo, a deposit of manganese has been discovered in Lot 74 of 
 Rancho Los Osos. On a ridge south of C'lark Valley Creek, a large 
 lens of jasper outcrops from 300 to 500 yards long. Tlie manganese 
 ore occurs as three parallel veins, with a north and south course. 
 The ore in this lens is exposed in three tunnels and several sur- 
 face workings. In a tunnel on the west end of the jasper lens, a 
 
74 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 thicloiess of two and a half to five feet of manganese ore has been 
 exposed. This vein dips 40° E. Above the tunnel, the vein has been 
 exposed for a distance of several hundred feet. 
 
 A couple hundred feet east of these workings, in an open cut, 
 another vein of manganese ore has been exposed, showing five feet of 
 manganese oxides. At a lower elevation, a tunnel is being driven south 
 to develop the ore exposed on surface. About 300 feet east of these 
 workings, another vein has been exposed by a short tunnel and open cut. 
 The vein has a thickness of five feet and strikes north and south with a 
 dip to the east. The ore is a black oxide and occurs as a coating of 
 
 Photo No. 17c. No. 1 Tunnel of Welsh Manganese Deposit, Clarke Valley, San Luis Obispo 
 County, showing 5' vein of manganese. Noble Electric Steel Company, lessee. 
 
 seams and as nearly pure masses in the jasper. Thirty men are em- 
 ployed on development work and in constructing roads. Owner, Welsh 
 Estate, San Luis Obispo. Under lease to Noble Electric Steel Company. 
 
 Bibl. : U. S. G. S. Folio 101, H. W. Fairbanks; Bulletin 427, E. C. 
 Harder; California State Mining Bureau, Mines and INIineral 
 Resources of San Luis Obispo and other counties, 1916. 
 
 SANTA BARBARA COUNTY. 
 
 Manganese ore deposits in Santa Barbara County are of small dimen- 
 sions. A few occurrences have been noted, but they remain undisturbed. 
 
 La Lag-una Ranch Deposits. The La Laguna Ranch Company, 
 W. M. Bradley, Secy., 320 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Pasadena, Cal., 
 is the owner of this property, which is located 10 miles northeast 
 of Los Olivos, two miles beyond and north of the Cavanaugh Ranch. 
 
MANGANESE AND CIIKOMIUM. (O 
 
 From tile latter ranch there is a good wagon road eight miles in length 
 to Los Olivos, where the nearest rail connection is fonnd. 
 
 On a ridge northeast of Figueroa Canon a number of small chert 
 or jasper lenses outcrop. The most noticeable ore occurrence is along 
 a jasper lens, striking east and west where manganese minerals are 
 exposed in several places. They are the usual commercial ore minerals 
 and appear to be of good grade, but as the jasper lenses are small, there 
 does not seem to be any extent to the deposit. A sample of ore from the 
 outcrop ran as follows: MnO._, 70.62%, metallic manganese 45.5%, 
 silica 12.35%. No development work has been attempted. 
 
 SANTA CLARA COUNTY. 
 
 INlanganese ores occur in that mountainous region in the extreme 
 northeast corner of the county, the deposits being similar to those 
 found in the bordering counties, Alameda and San Joacpiin, previously 
 described in this report. Access to this region is gained from Livermore 
 by a good auto road, which follows the Arroyo Mocho, or from Patterson 
 in the San Joaquin Valley, by the Patterson and Western Railroad, a 
 narrow gauge road, constructed to haul ores from the Black Wonder 
 Mine (see below). See also map (Plate II) under Alameda County, 
 ante. 
 
 Comparatively little ore has been shipped from the various deposits, 
 and they are mostly prospects which have been worked only to a very 
 limited extent. 
 
 A huge boulder of manganese lies on Penitencia Creek, just below 
 Alum Rock Park. This boulder, la])elled by the City of San Jose 
 "meteorite" was at one time thought to be the outcrop of a large vein. 
 The main ledge or body from which it came has never been discovered 
 and it is probably in the mountainous region at the head of the caiion. 
 
 The Ala Mountain Mine is 26 miles southeast of Livermore in Sec. 
 28, T. 5 S., R. 4 E., M. D. B. & M. A body of manganese ore about 
 four feet wide was exposed by an open cut and short tunnel, and 
 some ore hauled to Livermore, years ago. No work has been done here 
 recently. The Merchant Estate of Livermore is the owner. 
 
 Bibl. : Bull. 38, p. 336. 
 
 Black Bear Mine, 25 miles southeast of Livermore, is in Sec. 34, 
 T. 5 S., R. 4 E., near the summit of the west slope of the Arroyo Mocho 
 A^alley, at an elevation of 3100 feet. Interbedded lenses of manganese 
 ore occur in the jasper, some of them being 3' in thickness and fairly 
 extensive. Development consists of several open cuts and tunnels. 
 Tli(> property has been idle for several years. D. P. Doak, Rialto 
 Bldg., San Francisco, is the ovvnei-. 
 
 Bibl. : Bull. 38, pp. 336-337. 
 
76 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Black Bird Prospect is in the center of Sec. 28, T. 6 S., R. 5 E., and 
 is owned by the Mineral Products Co. When visited, some small pits 
 had been sunk, but no production had been made. 
 
 The Black Wonder Properties comprise the Jones Group in the 
 NW. i of NE. i of See. 27; the Black Wonder in the SE. ^ of SE. ^ 
 of Sec. 27; and the Mexican Prospect, in SW. ^ of SE. i of Sec. 27, 
 T. 6 S., R. 5 E., near the Stanislaus County boundary. It was formerly 
 the property of the California Manganese Mining Company, of which 
 Howard A. Broughton was President, and is now owned by the Mineral 
 Products Company, with offices at 334 Rialto Bldg., San Francisco. 
 This company, organized in 1915, is developing the property in connec- 
 tion with its deposits of chrome in Stanislaus County. A narrow gauge 
 steam railroad, called the "Patterson and Western," was constructed 
 from Patterson 23 miles up the Cafion del Puerto to the foot of Red 
 Mountain, where Camp Jones has been established. Here it connects 
 with a 2 ft. gauge gasoline tramway, five miles in length, which runs to 
 the Jones Mine near the top of the ridge at an elevation of 2750 ft., 
 almost 1000 ft. above the terminus of the Patterson and Western Rail- 
 road. 
 
 The manganese deposits on this group of claims are the most promising 
 ones thus far discovered in the county, and their' occurrence has been 
 described in Harder 's report* as follows: 
 
 "The southern part of the area covered by the claims is greenish- 
 gray sandstone of the Franciscan formation ; the northern part is a 
 mixture of jasper and fine shale interbedded. This jasper area extends 
 in a general east-west direction three or four miles between the sand- 
 stone on the south and a large area of serpentine on the north. Where 
 the principal manganese ore deposits occur the jasper shale belt is about 
 a mile wide. The manganese ores extend as discoiltinuous deposits along 
 the jasper belt for more than a mile in a general northwest-southeast 
 direction, the principal deposits being to the southeast and very near 
 the sandstone contact. 
 
 "The jasper-shale formation consists of beds and lenses of jasper 
 interbedded with fine shale. The jasper may be thin-bedded or very 
 heavy bedded, in the last case forming prominent outcrops. The beds 
 generally strike in the direction of the main jasper belt, but the dips are 
 exceedingly irregular. 
 
 "The manganese ore occurs along heavy jasper beds. * * * The 
 principal deposits, that is, those at the southeast end, are found along 
 two or three prominent jasper beds 300 to 500 yards long, which arc 
 nearly parallel and 50 to 200 feet ai)art, separated by thin-bedded jasper 
 
 ♦Harder. B. C, Manganese deposits of the United States: U. g. G. S. Bull. 427. 
 pp. 162-162, 1910. 
 
 « 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 7/ 
 
 and shade. Of those, the deposits in tlie bed farthest sonth are most 
 l)rominent. " 
 
 Development work consists of two tunn(>ls and several small open 
 cuts. At the Jones Mine, the tunnel is in about 50 ft., exposing 5 to 
 8 ft. of manganese ore with irregular bunches of jasper and quartz. The 
 ore here is bluish black, soft and high grade. About 40 tons of it were 
 lying at the foot of the tramway, ready to be hauled to Patterson. At 
 the Black "Wonder claim, a tunnel was driven on the ore body, but it 
 was caved. The croppings here show a body of hard, black amorphous 
 ore, with numerous intersecting jasper and quartz seams. Twenty men 
 were employed working at various places on the claims. The Black 
 Wonder lies over a mile to the south of the Jones Claim, at an elevation 
 of 3050 ft. Only a trail connects the two. 
 
 The company erected at Patterson a factory for the manufacture of 
 manganese dioxide, but later developments led them to abandon this 
 idea and according to last reports the plant is to be utilized for making 
 hydromagnesite. 
 
 Considerably more development work is necessary to determine 
 
 whether this property will prove a large producer. The company's 
 
 officers are: A. F. Judd of Honolulu, president; C. G. Bokus, secretary; 
 
 Robert Anderson, 334 Rialto Bldg., San Francisco, General Manager. 
 
 Bibl. : U. S. G. S. Bull. 427, pp. 162-163. 
 
 Camp Bessie Mine. See Fable Manganese Mine. 
 
 Davenport Prospect is on the Winship properties near the center of 
 the north line of Sec. 27, T. 5 S., R. 4 E., one-half mile east of the 
 Arroyo Mocho Road and 25^ miles from Livermore. Rather siliceous 
 manganese oxide occurs in chert which strikes N. 70° W., and dips 65° 
 S. When visited only one prospect hole five feet deep had been sunk. 
 
 Davenport and Smith Prospect is on the AVinship properties in the 
 NE. i of Sec. 27, T. 5 S., R. 4 E., one-half mile from the Arroyo Mocho 
 Road and 25 miles from Livermore. At the extreme northwest end of 
 the claim an inclined shaft follows the ore on its dip southwest for 25 
 feet. Southeast of this, ore is exposed in trenches. Ninety feet south- 
 east of the shaft there is a drift running nearly northwest along the 
 strike of the ore body. Southeast still farther more trenching has been 
 done, and finally, at the extreme southeast end, 300 feet from the shaft, 
 a short tunnel exposes as much as five feet of massive siliceous manga- 
 nese oxide striking N. 50° W., and dipping 25° to 75° S. W. This 
 body is considerably broken by minor shearing, and varies in width, 
 averaging possibly two and one-half feet. 
 
 Doak Mine No. 2. It is in the Red Mountain District, 25 miles 
 southeast of Livermore on the Camp Bessie Road, in Sec. 22, T. 5 S., 
 
78 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREATT. 
 
 K. 4 E., ^I. D. M. A few ojx'u cuts and short tiuiiu'ls liaw been 
 driven on some heavy croppings of manganese-stained jasper, developing 
 a vein of manganese ore said to be four feet in width. A few tons of 
 ore were produced from this deposit, but it is now idle. D. P. Doak of 
 San Francisco, is the owner. 
 
 Bibl. : Bull. 38, p. 337. 
 
 Fable Manganese Mine, in S.W. 1 of N.E. } of Sec. 34, T. 5 S., R. 4 E., 
 is in a small canon tributary to the Arroyo Mocho, about 26 miles south- 
 east of Livermore. The ore, a soft, black oxide, is deposited in an 
 irregular layer varying from 6" to several feet thick, interbedded in 
 greenish-gray jasper, which has a strike a little west of north, and a dip 
 of 45 degrees to the southwest. Development consists of a series of 
 open cuts along the outcrop and a 100 ft. tunnel driven on the vein, 
 showing six feet of ore. An incline shaft located near mouth of 
 tunnel was .sunk on vein to a depth of 18 feet, but it is now filled up. 
 Idle. Thomas Green of Dublin, Cal., is the owner. 
 
 Bibl. : Cal. State Min. Bur. Bull. 38, p. 337 ; U. S. G. S. Bull. 427, 
 p. 162. 
 
 Keller Bros, have a slightly develoi)ed prosi)ect of manganese in 
 Sec. 13, T. 6 S., K. 4 E., in San Antone Valley. No ore had been de- 
 veloped when the property' was last visited. 
 
 Mammoth Prospect is owned by II. II. Ballantine and leased to 
 John Plattner. The claim is in Sec. 13, T. 6 S., R. 4 E., three-fourths 
 of a mile east of a point which is 32 miles from Livermore on the 
 Arroyo ]\Iocho Road. Several open cuts expose three to six feet of mas- 
 sive, rather siliceous manganese oxide in chert. No production is 
 reported. 
 
 Mineral Products Co. owns two unnamed prospects one-half mile 
 east of the Black Bird Prospect, near the east line of Sec. 28, T. 6 S., 
 R. 5 E. Large, angular blocks of oxides of managanese occur here. 
 A little work has been done. In the NE. ^ of the same section a trench 
 60 yards long has been made and a small amount of oxide ore is exposed. 
 No recent Avork has been done here. 
 
 Mateos Ranch Deposit. It is in Sec. 8, T. 6 S., R. 2 E., eight 
 miles by road east of Milpitas, in Alum Rock Caiion, about two miles 
 beyond the park. There is no road connecting with the terminus of 
 the electric railway at the park, so that, at present, the ore has to be 
 hauled over a mountainous road eight miles to the railroad station at 
 Milpitas. A connection wdth the Alum Rock Caiion road could be made 
 by constructing one-half mile of road. 
 
 The manganese ore occurs in seams and pockets in the jasper beds. 
 Considerable high grade float is found in the canon and a few large 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 70 
 
 lioiilcU'i's aggregating' sev('i';il tons in wciulil, arc lyiii'i' in a small 
 I'avine near junctions willi the ni;iin canon. The oi'c, however, is 
 intermixed with the jasper, and eonsecpiently low "rade. 
 
 A tunnel Avas driven 40 years ago in the jasper beds, and it is 
 reported that some high grade ore was shipped. It is now caved and 
 inaccessible. About 200 ft. west of the tunnel and at the same elevation, 
 an open cut was made last year and about 40 tons of ore was shipped. 
 The face of the cut is caved, so that no ore is at present exposed. 
 Judging from the amount of float found in the cafion and the extent 
 of the manganese stained croppings, the property appears favorable for 
 further development. It is idle. John D. Mateos, 165 N. Fifteenth St., 
 San Jose, Cal., is the owner. 
 
 Newhall Mine ("Great Expectations" Claim), E. P. Newhall, 
 Box 354, Livermore, owner; Horace B. Chase 57 Post St., San Fran- 
 cisco, lessee. It is in Sec. 36, T. 5 S., R. 4 E., on the headwaters of 
 Colorado Creek, a branch of Black Bird Valley 29 miles southeast of 
 Livermore. Some development work had been done by the owner; but 
 he has recently (November, 1917) leased the property. The lessee has 
 some ore out ready to ship showing both carbonate and oxide and said to 
 analyze 42% manganese. The mine is three miles by wagon road from 
 the main Arroyo Mocho Road leading to Livermore. The ore is reported 
 to show three feet in width. 
 
 Pennsylvania Manganese Mine. The property comprising two un- 
 patented claims is in SE. ^ of Sec. 12, T. 7 S., R. 4 E., 35 miles south- 
 east of Livermore via the Arroyo Mocho Road. The jasper beds with 
 interbedded lenses of manganese ores outcrop for about 500 ft. 
 along the strike, which is northwest, in places showing high grade 
 ore. Development work consists only of a few trenches along 
 the outcrop. About 100 tons of ore, which appears to run high in 
 silica, is lying on the several dumps. The property is worked for 
 assessment only, and the owner is willing to lease on a royalty basis. 
 Sufficient work has not been done to justify an opinion as to its im- 
 portance. Morgan M. O'Day, 58 N. Fifteenth St., San Jose, is the 
 owner. The Noble Electric Steel Co. leased this property but discon- 
 tinued work after shipping some ore. 
 
 On the Wallace Ranch, in Section 8, T. 6 S., R. 2 E., 6| miles by road 
 east of ]\Iilpitas, a small cropping of high grade manganese ore was 
 observed. This deposit adjoins that of the Mateos Ranch, to the north- 
 west, and is evidently a continuation of the same beds. The jasper here 
 outcrops prominently in bold ledges over large areas, but for the most 
 part it is free from manganese stainings. The only ore observed in 
 place was that exposed for a width of 12" in a small cut, about 100 ft. 
 in elevation above the old tunnel on the Mateos Ranch. Ore taken 
 
80 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 from this deposit is reported to have assayed 50.8% metallic manga- 
 nese. It is undeveloped. Mrs. Graee P. Wnllaec, 164 East San Carlos 
 St., San Jose, is the owner. 
 
 Winship Properties. K. D. AVinship, 350 Post Street. San Fran- 
 cisco, owner. In the northeast corner of Santa Clara County, in the 
 upper part of the Arroyo Mocho, these properties include the follow- 
 ing sections containing manganese prospects: Sec. 27 and Sec, 35, 
 T. 5 S., R. 4 E., M. D. M. 
 
 In the SW, I of Sec. 27, on the west side of the Red Mountain- 
 Livermore road, at a point well above and easily accessible to the road 
 is a series of manganese veins covering a width of about 50', These 
 croppings are traceable for a distance of at least a couple hundred 
 yards long, running west of north. It could probably be followed 
 much farther, but the chamise brush is very thick at this point. A 
 little work was done some years ago around these outcroppings, and 
 it is stated a few tons of high grade ore hauled out. Material from 
 there could be easily handled by a gravity tram to a loading point on 
 the Arroyo Mocho road. 
 
 On the NE. ^ of this same Sec. 27, is a good prospect of manganese 
 ore. Some work was done a few years ago, said to have been by the 
 same parties who worked on the SW. ^. A short tunnel, now caved, 
 is stated to have cut through a 4' vein of high grade ore. The sur- 
 face indications are that it is at least that wide. The strike is west 
 of north. There are other exposures on this same lead, to the south 
 for about 200'-300'. This deposit is on the east side of the Arroyo 
 Mocho road in an ideal location for a gravity tram to handle the ore 
 to bunkers. In April, 1916, E. A. Wiltsee took a lease on these deposits 
 on Sec. 27 and did a little preliminary development work, but nothing 
 further. Holbrook & McGuire, as sub-lessees, shipped a couple car- 
 loads of manganese ore from this section in 1917, but are not now, 
 (December, 1917) working. 
 
 SHASTA COUNTY. 
 
 The Pit River Consolidated Group of claims is located in Sec. 36 of 
 T. 34 N., R. 4 W., and in Sec. 1 of T. 33 N., R. 4 W., M. D. M. The 
 property lies at an elevation of 730 feet, about 1 mile southeast of the 
 Heroult smelter. The deposit consists of the oxide of manganese fill- 
 ing the fissures and joint planes in a fractured schist, and no well 
 defined ore body is exposed. Considerable sulphur is liberated, when 
 the material decomposes. 
 
 The Noble Electric Steel Corporation recently leased the property, 
 but found that the manufacture of silico-mangauese was unprofitable. 
 Development work consists of two tunnels. A main tunnel was 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 81 
 
 run S. 40° W. with ore chutes at 50' and 75'. Another tunnel run- 
 ning due west Avas filled with waste. The ore was quarried on the 
 side hill with two faces 20' high and 30' long. The surface was 
 de-soiled for a distance of 50' up and 100' along the hillside. Equip- 
 ment consists of a 50-ton ore bin built of logs, a shop, and ties left 
 from the dismantling of one mile of tramway which led to the smelter. 
 The property is owned by the Shasta Copper Company, of which 
 Sherman T. White is President with office at 29 Swansey Building, 414 
 Yuba Street, Redding. 
 
 SISKIYOU COUNTY. 
 
 Manganese oxid'es mixed with high proportions of silica have been 
 observed at different places in the Salmon River watershed. Their 
 occurrence is possible anywhere in the chert belt which crosses the 
 Salmon drainage from Tanner's Peak to the New River divide. The 
 oxide ores have the same mineralogical character and geological asso- 
 ciations as the ores found farther south in the Franciscan cherts of 
 the Coast Range. Such outcrops were noted on the top and sides of 
 the Blue Ridge at an elevation of 5600 feet, but the exposure there 
 contained a great deal of silica as did those noted on the trail along 
 the South Fork of Salmon River. 
 
 Dr. W. W. Barham, Yreka, reports he has made locations on a body 
 of somewhat siliceous manganese oxides in Sec. 9 or 16, T. 44 N., R. 8 
 W., southwest of Yreka. It is near a wagon road, and 11 miles from 
 the railroad. The manganese-bearing material is 10 feet wide. 
 Undeveloped. 
 
 Davis Prospect. Reeves Davis, Happy Camp, has a manganese 
 prospect 8 miles above Happy Camp and one mile east of Indian 
 Creek. A seven foot body of manganese ore is reported but no 
 development work has been done, and the quality of material has not 
 been determined. 
 
 Dozier Deposit, M. Dozier, owner, Los Angeles. In Sec. 15, T. 46 N., 
 R. 6 W., M. D. M., 6 miles southwest of Klamathon, between 
 Montague and Hornbrook, there is stated to be a large deposit of 
 siliceous manganese oxide (30% SiOg and 37% Mn) which would be 
 suitable for making silico-manganese in the electric furnace. In May, 
 the Noble Electric Steel Company of San Francisco was reported to 
 have an option on this deposit, but so far as the author is aware, no 
 ore has as yet been shipped. 
 
 Manganese oxides somewhat siliceous are reported in quantity on the 
 ridge north of Greenview and southeast of Oro Fino, in Sees. 20 and 
 21 (?), T. 43 N., R. 9 W., M. D. M. Undeveloped. 
 
 6-3895S 
 
82 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Skillen & Means Group. G. G. Skillen and Millard Means of 
 Sawyers Bar have three manganese claims near the head of Callahan 
 Gnlch in T. 39 N., R. 11 W., two miles from a point where the road 
 to Black Bear crosses the snmmit, bearing the same name. The claims 
 lie end to end. Skillen reports a manganese-bearing outcrop 1600 feet 
 long as lenses alternating with silica over a total width of 150 feet. 
 No assays of the material have been made and no development work 
 done. The prospect is about 53 miles from the railroad at Yreka, with 
 a summit 6159 feet high intervening. A wagon road, which crosses 
 the summit is in good condition in the summer months and passes 
 within two miles of the prospect. 
 
 SONOMA COUNTY. 
 
 Very few workable deposits of manganese ores have been found in 
 this county. There are a number of localities where manganese oxides 
 occur, but usually they are deposited merely as stains and small pockets 
 in the jasper. In fact, most of the jasper beds seen were stained more 
 or less with the manganese oxides. 
 
 Wm. Hunter of Cloverdale mined and sold several carloads of man- 
 ganese ore in 1917 from a deposit not visited by the field assistant. The 
 location of the property Avas not stated. 
 
 W. J. McLean and C. F. Clark of Calistoga report an undeveloped 
 manganese pr()si)ect at Pine Flat, 22 miles by road from Ilealdsburg. 
 
 Shanks and Copps Lease. This deposit is located in a precipitous 
 cafion 9 miles by road west of Geyserville, and 2 miles east of Skaggs 
 Springs. It was first opened liy the Noble Electric Steel Company, who 
 it is reported took out about 500 tons of high grade ore during 1916. 
 The ore, psilomelane and pyrolusite, is deposted in a well defined 
 ledge between jasper walls. It strikes northwest, dipping verti- 
 cally, and the croppings can be traced over the ridge for 500 ft., vary- 
 ing in width from 3 to 5 ft. An open cut and tunnel, now 30 ft. long, 
 is being driven on the ledge at the foot of the cropping. By driving 
 this tunnel at its present level, it will give a back of 300 feet, providing 
 the ore body persists with depth. The tunnel is entirely in ore and 
 the body at the face is 6 ft. in width. The ore produced by the Noble 
 Electric Steel Company was mined from a deposit which appears to 
 have been faulted from the main ledge, as it lies with a very slight dip 
 about 100 ft. below and west of the main body. It has practically been 
 exhausted as only a stringer of the powdery black dioxide remains in 
 the bottom of the cut. This property was taken over in the early part 
 of May, 1917, by the present operators, and they produced three cars of 
 ore, which is reported to have run from 42% to 50% metallic 
 manganese, and 4% to 14% silica. It was hauled to the railroad at 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 83 
 
 (Je.vserville at. ^'^.50 per ton. Fivo men won; oniploycd. Uiulci- loa.se to 
 D. W. Shanks* and A. AV. Copps, 1:502 Merchants National Bank Hldj;., 
 San Francisco. K. K. Asli is .Snperintendent. S. H. I'xtyci- of (Joysor- 
 ville is the owner. 
 
 Shaw and Matthews Manganese Mine. It is in Section -U, T. 12 N., 
 R. 11 W., 7 miles northwest of Cloverdale, along tiie top of a ridge at 
 an elevation of 850 feet. An old wagon road about 1 mile long connects 
 it with the Hopland-Cloverdale highway. It was first opened abont 
 30 years ago by J. E. Shaw of Cloverdale, who shipped 20 tons of high 
 grade ore. It then lay idle up to last year when a lease was taken on it 
 by Michael, Roman and Weeks of San Francisco. They worked only a 
 short time and abandoned their lease as the ore was too low grade to be 
 profitably handled. It is now idle. The jasper beds here outcrop for over 
 a mile, showing manganese oxide stains at many places. The develop- 
 ment work consists of an open cut 20' by -10' at the heavier stained 
 beds, showing 4^ to 6 ft. of manganese oxide outcropping for 45 ft. 
 along the strike of red chert and shale which strike N. 15° E. and dip 
 70° S.E. About 50 to 60 tons of ore have been sacked and are lying on 
 the dump, but the ore appears to contain a high percentage of silica. 
 C. B. Shaw, Cloverdale, is the owner. 
 
 Bibl.: Repts. XII, p. 330, XIII, p. 507: XIV, p. 104; Bull. 38, 
 p. 337. 
 
 In the vicinity of Skaggs Hot Springs, there are extensive eroppings 
 of red jasper stained with manganese oxides, but no eroppings were 
 observed rich enough in manganese to warrant exploitation. It is very 
 possible that some rich lenses may be discovered at some future date. 
 The mountains here are very precipitous and covered Avith a dense 
 growth of brush which makes prospecting ditificult. 
 
 On the Wheeler Prospect, 500 feet north of Shanks and Copps Lease, 
 and on the opposite side of the creek, a small amount of good ore had 
 I been found when the propertv was visited. 
 
 I 
 
 STANISLAUS COUNTY. 
 
 The manganese deposits found in the nortliwestern corner of Stanis- 
 laus County are a southeasterly extension of the bolt beginning near 
 Tesla^ in Alameda County. 
 Crocker Properties, M. I. Crocker, 1023 Insn ranee Exchange Bldg., 
 ' San Francisco, owner. These include a number of sections of land in 
 I the northwest corner of Stanislaus County, among which an occurrence 
 of manganese has been noted on Sec. 33, T. 5 S., R. 6 E. Undeveloped. 
 
 ♦Since this report was written the partnership has been dissolved, and the property 
 was being operated by Shanl^s in February, 191S. 
 'See page 24, ante, also map (Plate II). 
 
84 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Cummings Lease. See Winship Properties. 
 
 Grummit Ranch, W. M. Griimiiiit, owner, via AVestley. It is in 
 Sec. 6, T. 5 S., R. 6 E., on the north branch of Ingram Creek; and is 
 under lease to the Manganese Products Company, Alex. J. Knox, 
 manager. They have shipped several carloads of manganese ore 
 the past summer (1917), said to be of medium grade, principally 
 from surface cuts. In August, 1917, they were driving a tunnel. The ore 
 body shows from 18" to 2' in width. 
 
 Hugh Phillips also has a lease on another portion of this Grummit 
 section, but on the opposite side of the eaiion from the above. In 
 August he had out a few tons of manganese ore which he had taken from 
 surface cuts. 
 
 There is a Manganese Prospect on Sec. 8, T. 6 S., R. 6 E., M. D. M., i 
 on the Arroyo del Puerto, on which some development work has been| 
 done. The writer was unable to learn of the owner's name. 
 
 Bibl. : Report on M. & M. Res. of Fresno et al. counties, 1915, p. 204 ;l 
 also Report XIV, p. 630. 
 
 The Mineral Products Company, Rialto Building, San Francisco, 
 in 1915 took over the holdings of the California Manganese Company^ 
 in Sees. 9, 11, 15, 21, 22, 27, 28, 33 and 34, T. 6 S., R. 5 E., at the head of 
 the Arroyo del Puerto. This group includes the Black Wonder group 
 mainly in Santa Clara County (see description under Santa Clara 
 County). 
 
 Sartorius Lease. See Winship Properties. 
 
 Sperry- Wright Lease. See Winship Properties. 
 
 Winship Poperties, K. D. Winship, 350 Post Street, San Francisco, 
 owner. These include a number of sections of land in the northwest 
 corner of Stanislaus County, on some of which manganese ore has been 
 developed and shipments made. The following contain manganese 
 mines or prospects: Sees. 1, 3 and 13, T. 5 S., R. 5 E.; Sees. 17 and 19, 
 T. 5 S., R. 6 E., M. D. M. 
 
 On See. 1, T. 5 S., R. 5 E., on the north branch of Ingram Creek, 
 there are several manganese prospects which are as yet undeveloped. 
 At one of these outcroppings there is a mineralized zone about 
 6'-8' wide, showing two or three streaks of manganese oxide about a foot 
 wide which may develop into ore. At another point near the west side 
 of Sec. 1, there is a manganese-bearing zone at least 250' in length, run- 
 ning along the backbone of the ridge. There is much loose material on 
 the surface, so that it is diiScult to tell how wide the ore may be until at 
 least some preliminary development work is done. There are probably 
 
 ^Cal. State Min. Bur., Report on Mines & Mineral Res. of Fresno et al. counties, 
 1915, p. 204; also in Report XIV, p. 630. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 85 
 
 several streaks of ore, principally on the south (left) side of the reef 
 shown in the photograph. There are manganese indications at several 
 other places in this Sec. 1, and some small bunches of ore. Much of it, 
 liowever, is rather siliceous. A lease was given on this section in 
 August, 1917, and a little work done, but for lack of capital to properly 
 develop it the lessee gave it up.* 
 
 In the N. i of SE. i, Sec. 3, T. 5 S., R. 5 E., a deposit of ore is being 
 developed under lease by M. A. Wright of Tracy. This deposit was 
 
 ^^'»j^ 
 
 -^^•?^r 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 ■ it^'*^- 
 
 ■*.-'' 
 
 r-'sSC- 
 
 -, Photo No. 18. Manganese prospect on Sec. 1, T. 5 S.. R. 5 E., M. D. M., on Ingram 
 Creek, Stanislaus County, owned by K. D. Winship. 
 
 discovered by U. G. Sperry of Vernalis, who owns a manganese prospect 
 on an adjoining section. It is 14 miles from Vernalis and 2 miles up 
 Buckeye Gulch, easterly above the wagon road on Hospital Creek. 
 There are at least two manganese-bearing zones on the south slope of 
 the ridge, striking in an easterly direction with dip to the north into the 
 hill. The ore exposures are marked by a number of large boulders of 
 ore. The ore, both in the boulders and in place is the massive black 
 oxide, and much of it is high grade. The following analysis is of a 
 sample taken before development work had been started, by chipping 
 
 ♦Since the above was written, this Sec. 1 has been leased to M. C. Seagrave, Bal- 
 boa Bldg., San Francisco, who has opened up a body of commercial ore in the 
 NW. \ [Sept. 1918]. 
 
86 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 off pieces of ore from various outeroppings and from some of the large 
 boulders : 
 
 Analysis of Manganese Ore.* 
 
 Constituent 
 
 Per cent as 
 received 
 
 Manganese dioxide (MnO^) 
 
 Manganese monoxide (MnO) 
 
 Silica (SiOs) . 
 
 Insoluble not silica 
 
 Soluble iron oxide (FesOa) 
 
 Soluble aluminum oxide (Al-'Oa)... 
 
 Sulfuric anhydride (SOs) 
 
 Phosphoric oxide (P2O3)— less than 
 
 Water (H2O) 
 
 Manganese (Mn) 
 
 Available oxygen (O) 
 
 Iron (Fe) A 
 
 62.56 
 
 8.26 
 
 12.80 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.21 
 
 0.83 
 
 0.26 
 
 .01 
 
 10.94 
 
 46.19 
 
 11.38 
 
 0.85 
 
 Per cent 
 water free 
 
 7(].2r^ 
 
 9.26 
 
 14. .-58 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.36 
 
 0.93 
 
 0.29 
 
 .01 
 
 51.80 
 
 12.78 
 
 0.95 
 
 ■\ -»• -■ 
 
 
 ir 
 
 s,-. .jj 
 
 .-.^^iu 
 
 Photo No. 19. Outcrop of manganese ore on Sec. 3, T. 5 S., R. 5 E., 
 
 M. D. M., Stanislaus County. The manganese is below the large chert 
 
 outcrops. Sperry-Wright lease ; K. D. Winship, owner. Locally 
 
 referred to as the Buckeye, or Wright Mine,. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 87 
 
 "The insoluble material not silica contains about 0.20% of Barium 
 sulfate; also some alumina and calcium oxide and undoubtedly the sol- 
 uble portion contains some calcium and magnesium oxides. The exact 
 amount of these were not determined as they have no particular bearing 
 on the use of the ore." 
 
 AVith the exception of the silica contained (which, apparently, came 
 mainly from the lower grade pieces included in the sample) the ore is 
 of excellent grade. The availal)le oxygen is high, so that the material 
 would be suitable for electric battery and glass purposes. Under the 
 Wright Lease the lower "vein" has been opened up and to December 
 1, 1917, over 300 tons of ore shipped, which has averaged 48% Mn, 
 and under 10% SiOo. He expects to ship a car a week, as soon as he 
 can improve transportation facilities. He has about 6 to 10 men at 
 work and has opened up a face of ore from 5'-10' wide. No work has, 
 as yet, been done on the upper ore zone.^ The ore is hauled by motor 
 trucks to the Southern Pacific Railroad at Vernalis. 
 
 In 1916 the Pacific Coast Manganese Company (Sartorius et al.) 
 operated for a time on Sec. 18, T. 5 S., R. 6 E., on the south branch of 
 Ingram Creek. They also had a lease on the AVinship, Sec. 17 and 19, 
 and a few carloads of ore were shipped. lu 1917 these sections were 
 leased to James J. Cummings, Livermore, who shipped a few carloads of 
 manganese ore. He states that the ore was, so far as developed, irregu- 
 lar and not Avell defined. The hauling was done with teams to the 
 railroad at Westley. 
 
 On Sees. 11 and 13, T. 5 S., R. 5 E., Donolme& McFarland have a 
 lease on manganese prospects which they are developing; and on Sec. 
 25, Thompson Bros, of Ingomar are opening up manganese ore under 
 lease. Both these sections are in the upper part of the Hospital Creek 
 caiion. 
 
 Wright Lease. See Winship Properties. 
 
 TEHAMA COUNTY. 
 
 Elva Manganese Mine is in Section 20, T. 23 N., R. 7 W., 10 miles 
 west of Paskenta, and 30 miles southwest of Corning, the nearest 
 railroad station. It lies on the south slope of Beauty View Peak at an 
 elevation of 2700 feet. INlangane.se oxides occur in lenses along a 
 quartzose dike in a ])elt of serpentine. The croppings are extensive, 
 but appear to contain a high percentage of silica. No ore has been 
 produced and the claim is worked for assessment only. C. S. Beuner 
 of Paskenta, is the owner. 
 
 ♦Analysis by Sidney A. Tibbetts. Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 'Since the above was written, the main operations have been transferred to the 
 'upper zone,' where an orebody over 20' wide has been developed for a length of over 
 100'. Several hundred tons of excellent ore have been shipped. More recently, 
 (August, 1918), the Sperry and W^right interests in the lease have been taken over 
 by the Suffern Company, of S135 Broadway, New York. 
 
88 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Lockwood Prospect, Lett Liockwood of Newville, owner. This 
 claim is located in Sec. 9, T. 23 N., R. 7 W., about one mile north of 
 Toms Creek and Success Claim described below. The prospect lies on top 
 of a butte of chert, having an elevation of 2650 feet (aneroid). The 
 occurrence is similar to that described farther on (See Manganese Peak 
 Claim) under Manganese Peak Group. The summit of the hill is covered 
 by broken rock and soil charged by the manganese from the outcrop. 
 The oxide pocket has a width of about 4 feet, but is covered along the 
 strike by debris. No Avork has been done, but some development would 
 seem warranted, as the outcrop is as promising in quality, though some- 
 what smaller, than on Manganese Peak. 
 
 Manganese Peak Group is owned by Lee Tatham and Alonzo Luce 
 of Willows, Ancil Burrows of Newville, and E. P. Logan of Paskenta. 
 The five claims lie in Sees. 17 and 20, T. 23 N., R. 7 W., between Bowers 
 Creek and Toms Creek, just inside of California National Forest. The 
 property is best reached from Logan Brothers' ranch, which is 10 miles 
 from Paskenta, a stage station 24 miles from Corning. The claims are 
 in the Franciscan area just w'est of the contact with Cretaceous rocks. 
 The manganese oxides occur interbedded wdtli the chert, which occurs 
 as a lens surrounded principally by serpentine. The massive chert 
 forms prominent conical buttes rising considerably above the general 
 surface. | 
 
 'Manganese Claim' is on the southwest slope of Beauty View Butte, 
 at an elevation of 2650 feet (aneroid) two miles by trail from Logan 
 Brothers Ranch. A small cut in shaly chert revealed siliceous manga- 
 nese oxides too low grade to be termed ore. This prospect does not seem 
 to offer much promise. 
 
 'Manganese Peak Prospect' lies on top of Beauty View Butte at 
 an elevation of 2950 feet (aneroid). Float of manganese oxides can be 
 traced down the south and east slopes. On the east side of outcrop 
 on the very summit, six feet of siliceous oxides lie in chert walls, dipping 
 nearly vertically and striking N. 40° W., in accordance with the enclos- 
 ing chert. Separated from this on the west by about 15 feet of barren 
 chert, is a somewhat wider band of similar quality. This oxide outcrops 
 for a distance of about 20 feet along the strike. No w^ork has been done 
 here, but the indications are promising for the development of ore. The 
 best of the material is probably of shipping grade, and an unknow 
 portion of it has already been scattered by erosion. 
 
 The third prospect is J mile northwest of the second, on the south! 
 side of the caiion of Toms Creek at an elevation of 1900 feet (aneroid), 
 near Dead Rabbit Spring. A bold outcrop of shaly chert carries man- 
 ganese chiefly as stains. A small cut here revealed no promising grade 
 of material. 
 
 ■ 
 
 hi 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 89 
 
 The fourth prospect is one mile northwest of Manganese Peak on the 
 south bank of Toms Creek in the NW. I of Sec. 17, at an elevation 
 of 1650' aneroid. Badly broken rhythmically-bedded chert strikes N. 
 40° W., and dips 40° NE. A trench cut at right angles to the strike 
 shows that the finely fractured chert is stained by a thin film of man- 
 ganese oxide, but close examination failed to reveal any ore. 
 
 The fifth prospect is on Success Claim, in the SAV. -} of Sec. 17, 
 T. 23 N., R. 7 W., at an elevation of 2050 feet. There are three small 
 outcrops in a width of 40 feet. The west outcrop shows 2^ feet of 
 massive chert carrying hard oxides of manganese. Ten feet east is a 
 seam of soft oxides of good grade, a few inches wide. On the hanging 
 wall (east) side of this seam, a bed of chert carries very siliceous oxides. 
 Thirty feet east is a similar outcrop. This is the most promising 
 prospect of the group. 
 
 Of the five prospects, the second and last appear to merit develop- 
 ment, but the others are not promising. Some trail would have 
 to be built in each case, totalling about one mile for both. The haul to 
 Corning would be 36 miles. 
 
 TRINITY COUNTY. 
 
 Manganese occurs in Trinity County in the region about the head- 
 waters of the South Fork and the Hayfork of Trinity E-iver. It is 
 found as the mixed oxides with traces of rhodochrosite and is inter- 
 bedded with silica in the chert. Several claims have been located 
 recently on these manganese outcrops but no production lias been made 
 yet. Following are the most promising claims : 
 
 The Caudwell Manganese Prospect is in the N. i of Sec. 21. T. 28 N., 
 R. 11 W., on a mountain side at an elevation of 4000 feet. It lies one 
 mile due north of the mouth of Prospect Creek, a tributary of the East 
 Fork of South Fork; about 71 miles from the railroad at Redding via 
 Wildwood Inn, 14 miles being over trail. The claim is owned by 
 Thomas Caudwell, care of Greenberg's Sons Co., 225 Beale St., San 
 Francisco. 
 
 There are six parallel lenses of manganese oxide, interbedded with 
 and grading into silica, over a total width of sixty feet. The maximum 
 width noted of a lens was six feet. The alternating lenses of oxides 
 and silica outcrop on the surface for about 300 feet along the strike; 
 these have been further proven for an additional 150 feet by a 10 foot 
 shaft. Assays of samples of the outcrop by A. A. Hanks are reported 
 by the owner to have shown 42% to 64% manganese oxide. Assays of 
 samples taken by an engineer of the Noble Electric Steel Co. are quoted 
 to have run 38% to 58% oxide. The lenses strike north and dip nearly 
 vertically. This prospect is the farthest south of several visited in that 
 
90 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 region, and makes the most promising showing. The other prospects lie 
 approximately in a north line from this one. 
 
 If development work shows sufficient tonnage on this and the other 
 claims near it, and systematic assays substantiate the quality of ore, 
 it is believed that a road could be built to connect with the highway] 
 at Wildwood for a reasonable sum if the tops of the ridges were followed. 
 The owner has in mind the formation of a company to provide for road 
 building. To make a success of shipping from here it would be necessary 
 to handle a high grade ore only. 
 \ \7 ." - The Johnson manganese prospect, Wm. Johnson owaier, is leased by 
 the Noble Electric Steel Co. of Heroult, Shasta County. It is located 
 near the south corner common to Sees. 9 and 10, T. 28 N., R. 11 W., about 
 one and one-half miles nearly due north of the Caudwell prospect, at an 
 elevation of 4200 feet and a short distance from the South Fork trail. 
 
 The small amount of work done showed a lens of mixed, oxides of 
 promising quality. It was two feet Avide and uncovered over a total 
 distance of 150 feet. The claim was located by Johnson in 1916 and 
 was leased by the Noble Electric Steel Co. upon payment of a sub- 
 stantial advance royalty. Prospecting with a small crew was planned 
 in September, 1917. Favorable developments on both this and the 
 Caudwell claim are apt to lead to production next season, but from 
 the showing made on this claim in August, it is not likely that its 
 exploitation alone would be warranted, considering the distance from 
 the highway. One road would serve all the prospects in the vicinity. 
 
 The Naphis Peak Mine is three miles north-northeast of Kekawaka 
 Siding on the Northwestern Pacific Railroad. A sled road has been built 
 to connect the mine with the railroad and a small production had 
 already been made when the property was visited. 
 
 The Red Cliff Prospect is the property of W. J. Azbill of Covelo. It 
 lies in Sec. 36, T. 25 N., R. 13 W., not far north of the Mendocino- 
 Trinity counties line. When the region was last visited this claim was 
 undeveloped. 
 
 The Selvester and Wilson prospect, located in 1916 by Joseph 
 Selvester and James Wilson of Beegum, California, is on the South 
 Fork Trail in SE. i of Sec. 34, T. 29 N., R. 11 W., near the top 
 of the divide at an elevation of 5000 feet. There is a small outcrop 
 of mixed manganese oxides apparently of good grade, two feet wide. 
 No work whatever had been done on this when visited. It is similar 
 to the Johnson prospect and lies nearly north from it. 
 
 Besides these prospects there are others showing manganese, in the 
 region. One on the Hayfork, about three miles north of the last 
 named claim, Avas investigated by the Noble Electric Steel Co. but found 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 91 
 
 to be too siliceous for their use. C. R. Moser of Hayfork, Trinity 
 County, reports finding a deposit of considerable size, of unknown 
 manganese content in the same region. 
 
 J. F. McKnight and G. W. Kindred of Alderpoint, Humboldt 
 County, located a deposit of manganese three and one-half miles north- 
 cast of Jewett siding on the Northwestern Pacific Railroad, just over the 
 line from Humboldt County, in T. 4 S., R. 6 E. About thirty tons of ore 
 which is reported runs only 27% metallic manganese Avas sledded down 
 to the railroad, but has not been shipped out. The jasper beds with 
 which the ore is associated, outcrop for about one and one-fourth miles, 
 but there has been very little development work done upon them. 
 Under lease to R. H. Austin, 1002 Clay St., Oakland, who is sampling 
 the deposit. 
 
 TULARE COUNTY. 
 
 The Barbour Manganese Deposit is situated one mile west of Milo, 
 in Sec. 33, T. 19 S., R. 29 E., about eight miles north of Springville, the 
 terminus of the Porterville and Northeastern Railroad. A deposit of 
 pyrolusite 18 inches wide occurs with a quartz vein in granitic rock. A 
 10 foot prospect shaft has been sunk on the vein, exposing about six 
 tons of mixed ore. The property is idle and owned by Frank Barbour 
 of Stockton. 
 
 The Cole Property is located 2 miles northeast of Lindsay in Sec. 32, 
 T. 19 S., R. 27 E., M. D. M., at an elevation of 680'. 
 
 A siliceous ledge of manganiferous iron ore outcrops 25 feet wide and 
 100' long, striking N. 20° W. and dipping 75° SW., between walls of 
 jasper and slate. Picked specimens of the mineralized ledge in places, 
 assay 35% metallic manganese, but an average is reported to be about 
 18%. 
 
 Development oensists of a 30' shaft and an open cut along the ledge 
 10' wide and 30' long, exposing about 500 tons of mixed ore. 
 
 The property is idle and owned b}^ R. D. Cole of Lindsay. 
 
 TUOLUMNE COUNTY. 
 
 The Madrid Property lies tw^o miles north of Sonora, near Brown's 
 Flat. Manganese oxide and rhodonite (manganese silicate) occur in a 
 quartz vein along the contact of porphyry and schist. The mineralized 
 portion varies up to 12' in thickness. The manganese is probably only 
 superficial, and has not been worked. Owned by John Madrid of 
 Jamestown, Tuolumne County. 
 
 The Sutton Manganese Property is located on Hog Mountain, four 
 miles northeast of Jacksonville. There is reported to be a deposit of low 
 grade ore which is 40' wide, 40' thick and 1600' long. The ore is 
 reported to assay about 23% metallic manganese. Some development 
 work has been done. Owned by Mr. Sutton of Jacksonville. 
 
92 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
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MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
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98 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 PURCHASERS OF MANGANESE AND MANGANIFEROUS ORES.' 
 
 a Purchase manganese ore with 40 per cent or more manganese and less than 
 
 2 per cent iron. 
 b Purchase manganese ore with 40 per cent or more manganese and 2 per cent or 
 
 more iron. 
 Purchase manganiferous ore with 15 to 40 per cent manganese. 
 
 c Alan Wood Iron & Steel Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 c Algoma Steel Corp., Sanlt Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. 
 
 c Alleghany Ore & Iron Co., Buena Vista and Iron Gate, Va. 
 
 a American Carbon & Battery Co., East St. Louis, 111. 
 
 a American Ever Ready Battery Co., Long Island City, N. Y. 
 
 he American Manganese Mfg. Co., Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. (or Dunbar, Pa.) 
 
 be American Steel Foundries, McCormick Bldg., Chicago, III. 
 
 a Anglo-American Flash Light Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 c James B. Bailey, Pine Forge, Pa. 
 
 b Beckman & Linden Engineering Corp., Bay Point, Cal. v 
 
 ab Bennett-Brooks, 120 Liberty St.. New York, N. Y. "^ 
 
 ab Berkshire Iron Wks., Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 be Bethlehem Steel Corp., South Bethlehem, Pa. 
 
 ab Bilrowe Alloys Co., 201 Bcrnice Bldg.. Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 ab Binney & Smith, 81 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. j 
 
 ab Chas. A. Burdick, E. M., 15 Broad St., New York, N. Y. [ 
 
 abc C. F. Burgess Laboratories, Madison, Wis. 
 
 a L. H. Butcher & Co., Marine Bldg., San Francisco. 
 
 abc Cambria Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 ab Carnegie Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 be Central Iron & Coal Co., Holt, Ala, 
 
 be Charcoal Iron Co., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 a Charles B. Crystal, New York, N. Y. 
 
 c Cleveland-Clififs Iron Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 c Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Pueblo, Colo. 
 
 ab W. R. Cuthbert (National Paint & Manganese Corp.), Lynchburg, Va. 
 
 be Delaware River Steel Co., Chester, Pa. 
 
 abc W. H. Denison, Cushman, Ark. 
 
 b Electric Reduction Co., Washington, Pa. 
 
 b Empire Steel & Iron Co., Catasauqua, Pa. 
 
 b Fuller & Warren Co., Troy, N. Y. 
 
 ab Robert Gilchrist, S2 Beaver St., New York City. 
 
 b Goldschmidt Thermit Co., New York, N. Y. 
 
 a Charles Hardy, 50 Church St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 a Harshaw, Fuller & Goodwin Co., Electric Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. M 
 
 a Hazel-Atlas Glass Co., Clarksburg, W. Va. " 
 
 e W. P. Heath & Co., 509 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 be Hickman, Williams & Co., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 ab C. W. Hill Chemical Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 ab E. C. Humphrey & Co., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 a Illinois Pacific Glass Co., San Francisco. 
 
 ab Illinois Steel Co., 208 South La Salle St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 a Import Chemical Co., New York, N. Y. 
 
 be Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 b Juniata Furnace & Foundry Co., 30 West Girard Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 
 iR«printed from a list furnished by the United States Geological Survey, which appeared in 
 our Prelim. Rept. No. 3. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 99 
 
 c La Belle Irou Works, Steubenville, Ohio. 
 
 (• La Follette Coal & Iron Co.. Lu FolleKc, Tciiii. 
 
 he Laokawamia Steel Co., IJuflalo, N. Y. 
 
 a J. S. Lamsoii & Bios., Inc., W Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. 
 
 ab E. J. Lavino & Co., Bullitt Bids., riiiladelpliia, Ba. 
 
 a C. W. Leavitt & Co., 30 Cliureli St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 b Lebanon Blast Furnace Co., Lebanon, Pa. 
 
 a Levensaler-Speir Corp., Monadnock Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 ab David Loeser, 1400 Broadwaj-, New York, N. Y. 
 
 ab Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 lie Low Moor Iron Co. of Va., Lowmoor, Va. 
 
 b T. L. McCarty, Box 217, Eureka, Utah. 
 
 c McKeefrey Iron Co., Leetonia, Ohio. 
 
 a Manhattan Electrician Supply Co., 41-47 Morris St., Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 abc E. E. Marshall, Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 ab The Metalores Corp., 50 Pine St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 abc Miami Metals Co., Tower Bldg., Chicago, 111. 
 
 ab Mines & Metals Corp., 77 Broad St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 c Mississippi Valley Iron Co., 6500 South Broadway, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 be National Alloy Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 a National Carbon Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 abc Noble Electric Steel Co., 905 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 c Northwestern Iron Co., Milwaukee, Wis. , 
 
 a Nungesser Carbon & Battery Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 ab Oakley Paint Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 c Old Dominion Pig Iron Corp., Roanoke, Va. 
 
 b Pacific Coast Steel Co., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 abc Pacific Electro Metals Co., Balboa Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 ab Pacific Sewer Pipe Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 c Perry Iron Co., Erie, Pa. 
 
 a Pittsburgh Lamp Brass & Glass Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 c Pittsburgh Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 c Pulaski Iron Co., Pulaski, Va. 
 
 c Republic Iron & Steel Co., Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 ab A. P. Rice, Spencer, Ohio. 
 
 b Ricketson Mineral Paint Wks., Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 ab Rogers, Brown «& Co., New York, N. Y. 
 
 be Fi-ank Samuel, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 c John A. Savage <& Co., Duluth, Minn. 
 
 c Scullin Steel Co., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 abc Seaboard Steel & Manganese Corp., DO East 42d St., New Y'ork, N. Y. 
 
 c Seattle Smelting Co., Van Asselt Station, Seattle, Wash. 
 
 ab Arthur Seligman, 105 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
 
 be Shaffer Engineering Co., Nazareth, Pa. 
 
 be Sligo Furnace Co., 915 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 c Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron Co., Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 b C. Soloman, Jr., South San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 abc Southern Manganese Corp., Anniston, Ala. 
 
 be Standard Steel Works Co., 11th Floor, Morris Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 ab Oscar Stromberg, Tribune Bldg., New York, N. Y. 
 
 abc The Suffern Co., Inc., 90 Wall St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 ab Superior Portland Cement Co., Concrete, Wash. 
 
 c Tacoma Metals Co., Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 abc Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 c Thomas Iron Co., Hokendauqua, Pa. 
 
 c Toledo Fiirnace Co., Toledo, Ohio. 
 
loo CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 a U. S. Glass Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 be United States Steel Coip., Empire Bldg., New York, N. Y. 
 
 b Utah Iron & Steel Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 b Vanadium Steel Alloys Co., Latrobe, Pa. 
 
 ab Western Reduction Co., Portland, Ore. 
 
 b Wharton Steel Co., Morris Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 c Wickwire Steel Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 c Wisconsin Steel Co., Harvester Bldg., Chicago, 111. 
 
 c Worth Bros. Co., Widener Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 I 
 
 Production of Manganese Ore in California. 
 
 Production of manganese ore in California began at the Lack! Mine, 
 San Joaqnin Connty, in the Tesla District in 1867. AVhen shipments 
 of this ore to England ceased late in 1874, upwards of 5000 tons had 
 been produced by that property. For some years following that, the 
 output was small. The tabulation herewith shows the California out- 
 put of manganese ore, annually, since 1887, when the compilation of 
 such figures was begun by the. State Mining Bureau : 
 
 year 
 
 Tons 
 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 1891 
 1892 
 1893 
 1894 
 1895 
 1896 
 1897 
 1898 
 1899 
 1900 
 1901 
 1902 
 1903 
 
 l.OCO 
 1.500 
 53 
 386 
 705 
 300 
 270 
 523 
 880 
 518 
 504 
 440 
 295 
 131 
 425 
 870 
 1 
 
 Value 
 
 $9,000 
 13,.500 
 901 
 3.176 
 3.830 
 3,000 
 4.050 
 5,512 
 8,200 
 3,415 
 4,080 
 2.102 
 3,165 
 1,310 
 4,405 
 7,140 
 25 
 
 Year 
 
 ieo4 
 
 1905 
 1906 
 1907 
 1908 
 1909 
 1910 
 1911 
 1912 
 1913 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 
 Totals 
 
 Tons 
 
 60 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 321 
 
 3 
 265 
 
 2 
 22 
 
 150 
 
 4.013 
 
 13.404 
 
 15,515 
 
 42,558 
 
 Value 
 
 $900 
 
 30 
 
 25 
 
 5,785 
 75 
 
 4,2;w 
 
 40 
 
 400 
 
 1.500 
 
 49,098 
 
 274,601 
 
 396,659 
 
 $810,159 
 
 1 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 101 
 
 Part II. 
 
 CHROMIUM. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 By C. A. IjOgan. 
 History. 
 
 Chromium was discovered about 1797 by a French chemist, Louis 
 Nicolaus Vauquelin, in ore from Siberia.^ From that time until 1827 
 the Urals, in the region of Ekaterinburg, supplied the chromium tised in 
 Europe. In the summer of 1827, as the historian advises us, Isaac 
 Tyson, Jr., saw in a Baltimore market-place a cart containing a eider 
 barrel, which was held from rolling about by some heavy black stones. 
 He had made a study of such stones at the first known American 
 locality, the Bare Hills near his father's home, six miles from Baltimore, 
 and he recognized the black stones as chromite. On inquiry, he found 
 the chromite came from the Reed Farm in Harford County, 27 miles 
 northeast of Baltimore. At this time, Tyson was one of the very few 
 men in the country who knew the value of chromite, and in the next few 
 years he took full advantage of this knowledge. 
 
 He immediately bought the Reed Farm. He found about 30 tons of 
 float ore on the surface, but there was no outcrop of ore in place. 
 Nevertheless he sank a shaft, and at a depth of eight feet struck an ore- 
 pocket which proved to be 80' long, 25' wide, and 8' in maximum 
 thickness. His next discovery was of placer chromite in the sands in 
 the beds of brooks on an estate called Soldiers' Delight, 16 miles north- 
 west of Baltimore. Thus far, Tyson's observations had shown him that 
 chromite occurred apparently only in serpentine areas. His explorations 
 were now leading him farther afield. In 1828 he found on the Wood 
 Farm, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, a deposit of float chromite 
 which led him to lease the ore right of the farm, which he finally 
 purchased in 1832. Here he developed the famous Wood Mine, the 
 largest single producer of chromite in the world. This property has 
 yielded about 100,000 tons of ore. Exploring the southern Appalachian 
 region in this way, Tyson shortly obtained control of mineral rights in 
 an area about 60 miles long, extending northward from Soldiers' Delight 
 and including all the paying chromite properties in Maryland, Penn- 
 sylvania and Virginia. 
 
 The monopoly thus established Avas enjoyed by the Tysons from 1827 
 to 1860, during which time the Baltimore region produced practically 
 
 'Glenn, William, Chrome in the southei-n Appalachian region : Trans. A. I. M. E., 
 vol. 25, p. 482, 1895, 
 
102 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 all the world's supply of chromite. The discovery of chromite near 
 BriLsa in Asia Minor in 1848 by an American geologist, J. Lawrence 
 Smith, led to the opening of several districts which shipped their ores 
 from Maeri and Ghemlek, and finally took the monopoly away from 
 America. 
 
 Genesis of Chromite Deposits. 
 
 It is well settled that chromite deposits are the result of magmatic 
 segregation, and this point has been brought out in a rather copious liter- 
 ature, from which only a few salient points can be quoted here. The 
 theorj'-, in brief, is that minerals separate from molten magma in the in- 
 verse order of their solubilities in the fused mass. The more basic, among 
 which chromite is prominent, are the least soluble and separate first, 
 Avhile other minerals remain in a fused state. Fully developed crystals 
 of chromite occur, imposing their outlines on the surrounding mass of 
 other minerals, which are thus proven to have crystallized later than the 
 chromite. While chromite is not an essential miueraP in peridotite and 
 allied rocks, its almost constant occurrence in them is emphasized by 
 numerous writers. 
 
 The theories dealing with the mechanics of cooling magmas are that 
 the crystallization would first take place on the outer boundaries of the 
 molten mass, which in the case of an intrusive like peridotite or dunite, 
 would be injected into the country rock as a plug, chimney or sill. 
 Convection currents would tend to bring new supplies to the outer 
 boundaries. Chromite, crystallizing first or nearly first of the minerals 
 in the magma, would tend to collect near the outer boundaries of the 
 intrusive. In line with this reasoning, J. II. Pratt- points out that 
 the chromite which occurs as imbedded masses and disseminated parti- 
 cles in all North Carolina peridotite, is seen to be near the borders of 
 the peridotite lenses. Reference to many of our California chromite 
 deposits bears out this theory fully. ^ The point is one that ought to be 
 taken account of by the chrome prospector, who wishes to know where 
 his search is most apt to be rewarded. 
 
 OCCURRENCES IN CALIFORNIA. 
 Chromite has been found in quantity sufficient to mine in twenty-four 
 counties of California. The records of this Bureau indicate that ship- 
 ments were made from all these counties but two during 1916 or 1917, 
 and both these counties have recently reported production. Outside 
 of certain placer gravels, all the chromite mined here so far, except 
 
 'J. V. Lewis — Geol. Survey of North Carolina. Bull. 11. See also the publications 
 of Geol. Surveys of Maryland, Pennsylvania and Georgia. 
 
 "Pratt, .T. H., The occurrence, origin, and chemical occurrence of chromite: Trans. 
 A. I. M. E., vol. 29, pp. 17-39. 1S99. 
 
 ■'See also "Chromite." A. Burch and S. H. Dolbear. pages 19-20. Their theory is 
 that folding, faulting and erosion expose the bodies of chromite. 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM, 103 
 
 one body in Plumas County, has occurred in serpentine or in rocks 
 which yield serpentine on weathering. The single exception is said 
 to occur in limestone and has yielded about 200 tons. The serpen- 
 tine areas of California are generally considered to be of various 
 ages; the areas associated with the Franciscan series of the Coast 
 Ranges have been called upper Jurassic, and those in the Klamath 
 region have been considered by some geologists as pre-Cambrian, 
 while the serpentine along the INIother Lode is thought to be of 
 similar age to that in the Coast Ranges. Good producers have been 
 developed in all the three regions, but each district shows interesting 
 features. 
 
 Southern Coast Range Counties. 
 
 The principal chromite mines of San Luis Obispo County are grouped 
 in a small area lying six to nine miles north of San Luis Obispo, and 
 ore is shipped from there and from Goldtree. Roads are generally good 
 and largely in favor of traffic, as the mines are between 900 and 2000 
 feet in elevation, considerably higher than the railroad points. The 
 climate is so mild that mining, even on the surface, can be carried on 
 practically without interruption. Cost of hauling the ore to the railroad 
 ranges from $1.25 to about $5.00 a ton, depending on the season as well 
 as on distance. 
 
 Up to 1896, when the last of the California chrome miners were 
 forced out of business by cheap imported ores, San Luis Obispo County 
 " had produced 30,000 tons^ of chromite, most of which carried over 50% 
 Cr.O:;. The first plant in the United States for concentrating chromite 
 was built at San Luis Obispo in 1893, as it was realized even then that 
 high grade bodies near the railroad were being exhausted. Recent 
 operators have opened up many old properties, and have also made new 
 discoveries. Present high prices justify extensive underground explora- 
 tion which would have been unwarranted previous to 1915. These prices 
 have also stimulated, here as elsewhere in the state, the search for ore 
 in regions where the cost of hauling M^ould have absorbed all profit at 
 pre-war figures. 
 
 Principal producers are the New London, Pick and Shovel, Trinidad 
 and Castro, all familiar names 20 years ago. All these but the Castro 
 have been shipping fairly high grade ore. New underground explora- 
 tion in the Pick and Shovel (which had 2500 feet of old tunnels) has 
 revealed new lenses of ore, one said to contain 1000 tons. Similarly, 
 tunnels in the New London have developed numerous lenses. These 
 lenses are often connected by stringers of low grade ore which serve as 
 indicators to the miner. In a given mine, it is sometimes noted that 
 
 'Mines and mineral resources of Monterey et nl. counties; Cal. State Min. Bur., 
 80, 191^. . . Y I' . . .„ . n ^ ^ 
 
104 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. ; 
 
 lenses thus connected have the same pitch, but there is no concordance 
 in pitch in the lenses at difiPerent properties. No contact deposits are 
 reported here, but many of the best bodies of chromite have occurred 
 near the borders of the serpentine. These deposits should not be 
 confused with quartz veins deposited in "true fissures." The fissure, in \ 
 the case of quartz veins, has been a controlling factor in the deposition 
 of vein material. In the case of chromite in serpentine, the more 
 rational conclusion seems to be that the fissuring, if any is observable, 
 occurred after the mineralization, and was quite likely due to forces of ; 
 expansion and readjustment within the rock, while the increase in ^ 
 volume coincident Avith serpentinization was going on. 
 
 Concentration is being carried on successfully at the Castro on dis- f 
 seminated ore running from 20% to 25% Cr.,03, and at the Norcross on ; 
 ore of lower grade. The undeveloped and slightly explored area 1 
 between this group of mines and the northern county line, in a north- ; 
 westerly direction through Pine Mountain, offers possibilities which ; 
 would stand more chance of development if a more liberal policy were 
 exhibited by the large land owners. j 
 
 Recent advice indicates that the productive San Luis Obispo County 
 chromite belt has been traced northwestward into Monterey County, 
 where a promising prospect is being developed west of Jolon. Ore from 
 this district will be hauled to King City, 28 miles distant, by auto truck, 
 but about eight miles of road-building will be required before liauling is . 
 begun. ' 
 
 Some snuill l)odies of chromite liad been observed in Santa Barbara 
 County, but no production made previous to 1918. Recently, good- 
 sized bodies of high grade ore have been opened 32 to 15 miles south- 
 east of Los Olivos and one company reports having shipped over 500 
 tons of ore, averaging about 50% Cr.O;; this year, with much more in 
 sight. 
 
 Tulare and Fresno Counties. 
 
 The Tulare County deposits are in serpentine belts striking north- 
 west, in the large area mapped as "Plutonics," by J. P. Smith. ^ This 
 region slopes up sharply from the valley to the highest peaks of the 
 Sierra Nevada and has been only slightly explored by miners and 
 geologists. The principal production in this county came from the 
 Vaughn Mine, four miles southeast of Porterville, in 1916. At present 
 there is little ore being produced ; a reported jdeld of 3435 tons in 1916 
 was followed by the production of scarcely 500 tons in 1917. About 
 one-half of this came from the Vaughn property which was considered 
 worked out the previous year. 
 
 'Smith, J. P., The geologic formations of CaUfornia : Cal. State Min. Bur., Bull. 
 
 c\ nrfomnnnvine" man 1fl17 
 
 and accompanying map, 1917 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 105 
 
 Fresno County has chroinite deposits in the serpentine associated 
 with the Franciscan formation in the extreme southwest corner of 
 the county as well as in the Sierra foothill belt. The former are unim- 
 portant. There is an immense area of serpentine a little farther north 
 along the San Benito-Fresno counties line, just south of New Idria, but 
 it seems to carry only a little chromite, though quicksilver is prominent 
 in it. The principal production of chromite has come from the Watt 
 Valley district. Fresno County was the second largest producer of 
 chromite in the state in 1916, but production dropped from over 9,000 
 tons that year to scarcely 6000 tons in 1917, and as far as can be 
 judged there Avill be a slight falling oft' again in 1918. There have been 
 several small producers whose total output amounted to 4 or 5 cars 
 each. Ore from the Watt Valley district is hauled to CHovis, about 24 
 miles distant, at a cost of $4.75 to $6.00 a ton. Other shipping points 
 are Sanger, Piedra and Coalinga. Hauling from the Pine Flat district 
 to Piedra costs about $3.00 a ton. The most expensive haul is to 
 Coalinga, from the areas east of Stone Canyon and south of New Idria. 
 
 Concentration is being introduced in Fresno County and three plants 
 were projected early this year, but so far as known are not yet com- 
 pleted. The Franciscan area near New Idria and Hernandez holds out 
 some promise of developing a body of disseminated ore but there has not 
 been enough work done here to show what tonnage of such ore is 
 available. 
 
 Counties West of San Joaquin Valley. 
 
 The counties of Alameda, Santa Clara, San Benito, and Stanislaus all 
 contain areas of Franciscan rocks with which are associated serpentine 
 carrying chromite. Production from Alameda County has been practi- 
 cally all from the Newman Mine, 15 miles southeast of Livermore. Total 
 production here has been about 3500 tons. Production in Santa Clara 
 County has amounted altogether to about 500 tons, mostly from the 
 Winship properties. Similarly, the amount of chromite so far produced 
 in San Benito County has been insignificant, in spite of the great area 
 of serpentine in the southeastern corner of the county. The Stanislaus 
 chromite dej^osits are in the serpentine belt which includes the chromite 
 properties in Alameda County. Chromite occurs here, as in Alameda 
 County, both as massive hard black ore and soft grayish ore, grading 
 into serpentine. Reported production to date has been about 2000 
 tons, mostly sold in 1917. Chromite mining was made possible here 
 largely by the building of a narrow gauge railroad westward from 
 Patterson, and the properties so far productive are adjacent to this 
 road, at points from 19 to 23 miles from Patterson. Future develop- 
 ment will no doubt be chiefly in the innnediate neighborhood of the 
 
106 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 road, because of the rough nature of the country. Concentration is 
 already being provided for by the erection of a custom plant of 50 
 tons capacity, 21 miles west of Patterson on the narrow gauge line. 
 A large tonnage of ore said to assay 25% to 30% Cr,03 has been 
 developed and will be concentrated. Other owners control over 5000 
 acres of land in the district which has not been thoroughly prospected, 
 but is known to show numerous small outcrops. The county may, 
 therefore, be safely included among the moderate producers for some 
 time, although developments to date do not warrant any hope of a big 
 yield. 
 
 Coast Ranges, North of San Francisco Bay. 
 
 The Franciscan area beginning iu Marin County extends thence 
 northwest through Del Norte County, being flanked on both sides by 
 Cretaceous rocks. In the present state of our knowledge, the greater 
 parts of Sonoma, Napa, Lake and Mendocino counties are considered as 
 being covered by the Franciscan, but there are of course through this 
 district many small residual areas of Tertiary rocks as well as minor 
 deposits of Quaternary terrace gravels, and eruptives such as those 
 which flank both sides of Napa Valley and extend to Clear Lake. The 
 region had already been known to geologists principally by reason of the 
 quicksilver deposits of Napa and Lake counties. Mendocino and 
 northern Lake County, as well as the southern part of Humboldt and 
 Trinity counties, comprise a terra incognita where no general systematic 
 geological study has been made. 
 
 The greatest handicap suffered by this district is lack of transporta- 
 tion. The lenses of massive chromite so far developed have been small, 
 but a great deal of low grade disseminated ore is reported. A little 
 over 500 tons of chromite has been shipped from Cazadero, Guerneville 
 and Geyserville, having been mined in the serpentine in the western 
 part of Sonoma County. There are no other chromite bodies known at 
 present and no definite promise of future production from that county. 
 In Napa County reported production has scarcely exceeded that in 
 Sonoma and at the beginning of 1918 there were only two owners in the 
 county who reported promise of further yield, although prospecting 
 i.s going on in the Franciscan area east of Calistoga. Lake County has 
 yielded about 2500 tons of chromite during the two years of 1916 and 
 1917, and two-thirds of this production was made in 1917, but there 
 are no promising developments on foot now, and it is problematical 
 Avhether or not production can be maintained at anything like the rate 
 of the past year. The principal producer reports little ore left. Ore 
 shipped so far has been taken out near the surface, with the exception 
 of a few carloads mined on the property of the Great Western Quick- 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 107 
 
 silver Mining Co., where the ore body was covered with such an over- 
 burden that mining cost promised to become prohibitive. The ore in 
 general is high grade, and most of it has been used by a local tanning 
 company in making chemicals. The good quality of the ore, which 
 ranges from 45% to 52% Cr.Oj, is attributable to its superficial char- 
 acter, and the removal of impurities by weathering. Ore from the 
 Lucky Strike Mine in Morgan Valley is hauled by trucks directly to 
 the Napa chemical plant, a distance of 60 miles at a cost of $8.00 a ton. 
 Other producers have been hauling their product to Calistoga, the 
 principal railroad shipping point for the county, the cost being around 
 $5.00 a ton. Properties so far reported lie between Lower Lake and the 
 region of Mt. St. Helena. 
 
 Mendocino county has so far been the smallest producer of this dis- 
 trict, but holds out some promise because of the many prospects located 
 there. Notable among these is the float ore on Big Red Mountain. 
 About 100 claims have been located here, but not enough work has been 
 done to determine the presence of ore at depth, and until such ore is 
 developed we must assume the deposit to be of superficial blanket 
 character resulting from the breaking up and scattering of ore bodies. 
 A road passes one mile west of the prospects and the nearest point on 
 a railroad is Longvale, 30 miles distant. A deposit of disseminated ore 
 four miles northeast of Largo, a station on the railroad, has been 
 prospected by the Noble Electric Steel Co., but they did not develop 
 a large enough body to warrant erection of a concentrating plant. 
 Deposits on Little Red Mountain, just north of Big Red Mountain, 
 show widespread distribution of chromite on the surface, but lenses in 
 place have not been developed. 
 
 Klamath Mountain Region. 
 
 This division includes, so far as this report is concerned, Del Norte, 
 Siskiyou, Trinity and part of Shasta counties. Considerations of geo- 
 logical age and structure have led to distinctions being drawn between 
 this region on the one hand, and both the Coast Ranges and Sierra 
 Nevada on the other. The countr}^ includes California's portion of the 
 old eroded land surface known as the Klamath peneplain, which is 
 held by Diller^ to have been mostly dry land during Cretaceous and 
 Tertiary times, when the valley on the east and the coastal region on 
 the west were being mantled by sediments. The rocks exposed in the 
 Klamath peneplain region are generally conceded to be Carboniferous 
 and older, but there is such a scarcity of fossils that determinations 
 of age by paleontology are not generally possible. There is strong prob- 
 ability that there are numerous areas of rocks here younger than the 
 
 ^Diller, J. S., Topographic development of the Klamath Mountains: U. S. Geol. 
 Surv., Bull. 196, pp. 1-69, 1902. 
 
108 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Carboniferous system, as the greater part of the district, like the coun- 
 ties to the south, has never been studied in detail, except for small areas 
 in central and eastern Trinity County. 
 
 Serpentine occurs widely distributed. In Del Norte County there are 
 two broad zones of it. All the producing chromite mines so far opened 
 are in the western area which traverses the entire county at an average 
 distance of 8 to 10 miles from the coast, being over 12 miles wide at the 
 state line. This serpentine is associated with numerous intrusive bodies 
 generally described as diorites, but probably better classified as green- 
 stones, as no work has been done to definitely classify them. The 
 two largest chrome mines in the county are located near the contact of 
 serpentine and the so-called diorite. These are the old Tyson properties 
 known as the French Hill and Low Divide Mines. These mines have 
 produced practically all the ore yet shipped from the county. The 
 chromite is massive, black and of high grade, running from 46% to 51% 
 Cr^.O..;, but appearing to be even higher grade, because of the high iron 
 .oxide content. East of the Low Divide, on the High Plateau, numerous 
 prospects have been located during the past year which promise well. 
 These claims are very inaccessible, being separated by rugged, roadless 
 country from both the Crescent City and Grants Pass roads. It is prob- 
 able that only limited tonnages can be shipped from here for some time 
 to come. East of French Hill another group of new locations is being 
 prospected, and some production will probably be made in 1918. These 
 claims are near forest trails at points from 3 to 18 miles from the nearest 
 road, which ends on French Hill near the Tyson mine. Transportation 
 is a vital question to the miners in this county, and is entirely inadequate 
 as will be seen by reference to the body of this report. Production in 
 1918 will probably be from the Tyson properties and from the newly 
 located Hawkins and Young properties which are being opened. There 
 remains in this county an immense area of potential chrome producing 
 territory, extending from the Klamath River northward in the west 
 belt, and on the ea.st side of the county. The latter area will probably 
 be opened from the Siskiyou County side, and development there will 
 depend on the degree of success attending efforts to open up deposits 
 on the same belt in Siskij'^ou County. 
 
 Deposits so far productive in Siskiyou County are in general scat- 
 tered, small bodies, there being only one property, near Dunsmuir, 
 which had yielded over 300 tons up to the end of 1917. There are, 
 however, some new districts being opened near the Klamath River, one 
 being the Gottville district and the other between Happy Camp and 
 Somes Bar. Sixty men are said to be now employed extending the 
 road down the river from Happy Camp to tap the latter region, from 
 which ore will be hauled in trucks to Hornbrook. A considerable 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 109 
 
 tonnago of ore runiiiiig 30% to 45% Cr.O.. is said to he ready for 
 hauling from the two districts. Tlie cost of hauling from (iottville to 
 Hornbrook, 18 miles, is stated to ])e ^A.')0 a ton. Another body of low 
 grade, said to be qnite extensive, has been opened on the north side of 
 the Klamath near Hamburg, 48 miles from the railroad and unfortu- 
 nately separated from the road by the river. A tramwaj^ or bridge will 
 be required, and the haul to Hornbrook would cost probably in excess 
 of $12.00 a ton. Ore from the small mines in the Callahan district is 
 hauled 35 to 40 miles to Gazelle at high cost, and from Scott Valley 
 district ore is hauled to Yreka. The Coggins Deposit, which is an 
 extension of the Little Castle Creek deposit in Shasta County, is near 
 Dunsmuir on the railroad. It has produced more ehromite to the end 
 of 1917 than all the other properties in the county. 
 
 P Production from Trinity County has been negligible so far, but at the 
 Crow Creek property, 18 miles west of Castella, about 2000 tons is said 
 to be blocked out, with 1000 tons mined early in 1918, awaiting com- 
 pletion of a road. Aside from this property the only other production 
 reported to the credit of the county came from small lenses mined in 
 1916 on the upper waters of Hayfork near Wildwood, distant about 58 
 miles by road from Redding, and from property mined for a few 
 months in the summer of 1917 near Auto Rest, from which place ore 
 was hauled 84 miles to Red Blutf by auto truck at a cost of $13.50 a 
 ton. As noted in the description of Trinity County properties, there are 
 a nniltitude of small prospects in the county, but the season for hauling 
 is short and in most cases the properties are so remote from the railroad 
 as to seriously hamper their development. The Crow Creek region may 
 be reasonably looked to for new development this year, in addition to 
 
 , that at the Crow Creek mine itself. 
 
 ' The productive area in Shasta County is in the northwestern corner 
 of the county west of the railroad, between Shotgun Creek and the 
 
 ' Siskiyou County line. Three properties here have produced over 21,000 
 
 i tons, of Avhich amount more than 15,000 tons came from the Little 
 Castle Creek Mine. The bulk of this was mined in 1916. The Little 
 Castle Creek ore body has apparently been exhausted. The Shotgun 
 Creek property, which yielded well in the past, was prospected in 1917 
 but reported no production. The Forest Queen, a big producer in 1916, 
 show^ed a falling off of 65% in 1917. The district is promising for 
 further production but there have been no developments to date during 
 1918 which warrant us in looking for heavy yield this year. 
 
 Counties on West Side of Sacramento Valley. 
 
 Tehama, Glenn and Colusa counties form a group Avhose western por- 
 tions are linked geologically with the coast counties, but are accessible 
 onlv from the vallev to the east. Franciscan rocks form the eastern 
 
110 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 slope of the Coast llan^'os and extend well down toward the valley, the 
 contact with unaltered Cretaceous sedinientari(»s being easily traced. 
 Serpentine is prominent near the contact, in the Franciscan series, and 
 extends for miles in areas broken by frequently occurring buttes of 
 chert, which has proven so resistant to weathering that its massive por- 
 tions form the prominent topographical features. 
 
 Tehama and Glenn Counties have made considerable production, but 
 Colusa County has so far not reported any ore shipped, although there 
 are numerous prospects in the region of Stonyford and Wilbur Springs, 
 at distances of from 25 to 35 miles from the railroad at Fruto and 
 Williams. The most promising property in Tehama County is in the ex- 
 treme northwest corner on Tedoc Mountain. From here to Red Bluff 
 the haul is 53 miles, over twelve miles of road having been recently built 
 to reach 20 claims which have not been developed much yet, but are 
 known to carry a great deal of float ore. Production in 1917 was from 
 near the surface and the ore averaged 47% Cr.Oa. The haul costs $8.00 
 a ton. Two properties 32 miles southwest of Red Bluff have prodnced 
 considerable high grade ore in the past two years, being credited with 
 a total of about 2500 tons. The haul from here to Red Bluff costs about 
 $5.00 a ton. A concentrator has recently been erected on the Kleinsorge 
 property in the same district and ore said to average 6% over the entire 
 surface of the mineralized zone {\ mi. x 2 mi.) will be concentrated. 
 Further north, on Toms Head Peak, several hundred tons of 32% ore 
 have been mined. This county will probably be one of the good pro- 
 ducers in 1918. The working season is limited to the dry months. 
 
 The Black Diamond Mine of Glenn County has been one of the state's 
 best producers, having a record of nearly 6500 tons. Over 3300 tons 
 were shipped prior to 1893, and nearly 3000 tons in 1916. Production 
 languished in 1917 and at last report prospecting was going on in search 
 of new lenses, the ore in sight being about 30% CroOg. Five other 
 properties have yielded one to six carloads each. Ore from the Black 
 Diamond was hauled 18 miles to Fruto. Some ore from other mines 
 has been shipped from Orland. The outlook for 1918 production is 
 not particularly promising. 
 
 Sierra Nevada Mountain Counties. 
 
 The counties grouped hereunder are those on the west slope of the 
 Sierra Nevada Mountains beginning with Plumas on the north and 
 extending south to and including Mariposa. Every county in this 
 group has contributed to the production of chromite during the past two 
 years, except Mariposa, which entered the list in May, 1918. It 
 may also be said that production is on the increase in nearly every 
 one of these counties and that the district will be at the front in 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM, 111 
 
 the list of producers for 1918. The iiiiiiiiii^ of chroiuitc in lliis di.strict 
 is practically a new industry. Tlie presence of the ore has been known 
 for years but the price obtainable had never been sufficient to justify 
 mining. A few properties had been worked and a little production 
 recorded, notably in Calaveras County, where the total tonnage rained 
 was used in lining copper furnaces at the Campo Seco smelter. 
 
 The serpentine bodies carrying chromite are of widespread occur- 
 rence and show marked similarity. Tliey are generally long narrow- 
 bodies, rarely over a mile wide, but often several miles long, with 
 greatest length in an approximate north and south direction, conform- 
 ing to the general strike of the country rock. There is no doubt that 
 originally the rocks from which they are derived were in most cases 
 injected as dikes and sills along contacts. Areas sometimes mapped as 
 serpentine may contain a complex mixture of rocks not properly classi- 
 fied as serpentine. Passing through the region of Valley Spring there 
 are several areas of serpentine which extend northwest and southeast 
 clear across the Jackson quadrangle, partly intruded into the Calaveras 
 (Carboniferous) rocks and partly into the contact with the adjacent 
 schists. Similarly in El Dorado County, serpentine dikes are associated 
 with the Calaveras formation. The great serpentine belt continues in this 
 manner across Placer, Nevada, Sierra and into Plumas County. It has 
 the aspect of having originally been intruded as an immense dike into 
 the Carboniferous rocks, and in general follows the strike of these 
 formations. The continuity of the surface of this belt has been broken 
 at frequent intervals by later volcanic flows. The belt is wider here 
 than to the south, and a number of associated rocks, some only slightly 
 serpentinized, are mapped as serpentine. The occvirrence of peridotite 
 only partly altered, has led to the conclusion that this rock has in 
 most cases been the original formation from which the serpentine came. 
 
 In the southern part of the belt, the occurrences of chromite so far 
 mined have generally proven small. Of sixteen properties reporting 
 production from Tuolumne County in 1916 and 1917, only two yielded 
 over 500 tons each. Of these two, the larger carried ore ranging from 
 29% to 36% CroOg. No large low grade bodies have yet been opened in 
 the county, but it must be borne in mind that active production of ore 
 did not begin here until 1917. Total reported production is about 
 3000 tons. The haul to railroad points is short, ranging from one to six 
 miles. 
 
 Ore bodies in Calaveras County show the same characteristics as those 
 of Tuolumne, and the production to date has been about the same, with 
 only one property reporting over 300 tons shipped. Valley Spring, Mil- 
 ton and Angels Camp are each the terminus of a railroad line, and ore 
 has been hauled to these points chiefly. The cost per mile of hauling ore 
 
112 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 is liigh bceaiise of poor roads. An (^iglit mile haul to Angels Camp costs 
 $H.OO a ton; another prodneei- liauls ore 35 miles to iMilton at a cost of 
 $6.00 a ton. Prospecting is active, and small bodies continue to he 
 found. The mild winters in tiiis belt do not hinder continuous mining 
 but hauling is interrupted by muddy roads. Grade of ore shipped is 
 similar to that in Tuolumne County. One concentrating plant is in 
 operation six miles from Copperopolis. 
 
 Amador County has been the smallest producer of the group to date 
 and is probably the least promising of them, but prospecting is active, 
 many gold miners having abandoned their old pursuit to search for 
 chromite. 
 
 El Dorado County has been one of the chief producers of chromite, 
 ranking third in the state in 1!)16, first in 1!)17, and bidding strongly for 
 first place in 1918. While there have been and still are large shipments 
 of good grade crude ore, the county is of special interest because of the 
 extensive application of concentration to low grade chromite ore. The 
 high grade bodies have been usually small chimneys and lenses Avhich 
 could be exhausted by shallow workings, seldom over 100 feet deep. 
 Low grade bodies have been encountered while taking out these small 
 pockets and shipment of crude ore averaging 35% to 45% Cr.O., con- 
 tinues at many properties, while mills are being built to concentrate 
 the disseminated ore. Total reported production in 1916 and 1917 from 
 the county was over 13,500 tons, nearly all crude ore. Folsom and 
 Newcastle are the principal shipping points. It costs $2.50 a ton to haul 
 from the Pilliken property to Folsom, nine miles distant, and about 
 $1.50 a ton to haul eight miles from the Zantgraff district to Newcastle, 
 
 Five chromite concentrating plants are reported either in operation 
 or in course of construction in the county in July, 1918. The plant of 
 the Placer Chrome Co. near Rattlesnake Bridge on the Middle Fork, 
 American River, has been enlarged to 100 tons capacity with the addi- 
 tion of another Ilendy ball mill and several improved concentrators. 
 Electric power has been installed. Ilolbrook and McGuire have two 
 concentrating plants on the Darrington Lease, eight miles from Folsom, 
 handling ore containing 8% to 15% CroO,. The Noble Electric Steel 
 Co. has one mill nearing completion on the Pilliken Ranch, and one 
 being built on the Burnett Ranch. The product of these four mills will 
 be shipped from Folsom. The ore to be milled is stated to not exceed j 
 25% CroOg. No figure of tonnage available for milling can be quoted. 
 Production from the last two mills has been delayed by the failure of 
 the crushing machinery originally installed to stand up under the work. ,, 
 The company is now building new mills on the general pattern of the 1 
 Ellis-Chili Mill, but heavier and sturdier in all respects. AVith all these 
 mills in operation, chrome concentrate averaging 45% CroO,, or better 
 will form probabl}'^ one-half, at least, of the county's 1918 production. 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM, 113 
 
 Placer County was, ia 1917, third among the principal producers in 
 the state, yielding over 4200 tons. Only one producer reported over 
 1000 tons from a single property, and his production came from a 
 number of small superficial kidneys taken from the surface. The Iowa 
 Hill and Forest Hill districts were then, and continue to be now, the 
 most productive localities, although ore is being mined farther south 
 on the ridges lying between the forks of American River, and on the 
 nortli side of the railroad. Cost of trucking is high. A haul of 27^ 
 miles from the Forest Hill divide to Colfax costs $7.50 a ton. The 
 North Fork of American River flows in a steep canon, and there is a 
 long upgrade to the railroad. Hauling from the mountain districts with 
 trucks is halted by winter and the dirt roads are rapidly ground to 
 deep dust by heavy traffic in summer. One concentrating plant has 
 lately been built near the Auburn-Grass Valley road, about five miles 
 from Auburn. There is said to be a good tonnage of ore averaging 20% 
 Cr^Oj, but the ore body has not been blocked out at last report. There 
 has been about one ear load of concentrate carrying 40% to 45% Cr^O^ 
 produced to date. Changes in crushing and concentrating machinery 
 are contemplated, which are going to delay further production for some 
 time. 
 
 Nevada County's total production of about 3000 tons in the past two 
 years has been shipped chiefly from Nevada City, having been mined 
 principally near there and in the neighborhood of Washington. The 
 longest haul is 20 to 25 miles. The Oustomah and Champion stamp 
 mills at Nevada City have been put in shape lately for concentrating 
 chromite. An ore carrying 12% to 20% Cr^Og is giving a concentrate 
 containing 32% to 36% chromite, which is used in California for mak- 
 ing chemicals. ' 
 
 Sierra and Plumas counties have not been heavy producers of chro- 
 mite so far. These counties are not only very mountainous, but are also 
 remote from transportation for the most part, and the season for 
 hauling is not generally over six months. Chromite is now being mined 
 and shipped from the vicinity of Downieville and from near Alleghany. 
 Some shipments are being made from Blairsden in Plumas County. 
 
 DEVELOPMENTS DURING FIRST HALF OF 1918. 
 
 No new districts have been opened this year, but the productive areas 
 are being enlarged by the stimulation of prospecting due to sustained 
 demand and good prices.* 
 
 In the south, small shipments have been made from the vicinity of 
 Los Olivos, Santa Barbara Count}'. In San Luis Obispo County a new 
 concentrating plant is being built by H, H. Noble on the northeast 
 
 *See supplementary statement on p. 227, post, re late break in the chromite market. 
 8-38953 
 
114 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 I 
 
 side of the Santa Lucia Mountains on the Liberty Group of claims four 
 miles from Santa Margarita. This is tlie first development of import- 
 ance on the north side of the range. 
 
 At the north, Humboldt County has entered the list of producers, the 
 initial shipment of chromite having been reported June 13. The ore 
 comes from near Pecwan Creek and is taken down the Klamath to™ 
 Requa in Indian "dugout" canoes. Early production is probable fromi 
 the Horse Mountain Copper Company's claims, 25 miles by road froiiil 
 Eureka. These properties are in the same belt of serpentine which 
 traverses Del Norte County and the development of chromite was to be 
 expected. In Del Norte County, the High Plateau is being made acces- 
 sible by a new road. Responsible operators have taken hold of the 
 new properties in the Gordon Mountain district (see Young and others) 
 and greatly increased production from the county is probable this year. 
 Improved steamer service or direct connection with a railroad will be 
 found very desiralile, if not imperative, here. Strong interests have 
 also taken hold of new properties three miles from Ham])urg in northern 
 Siskiyou County and a bridge is l)eing put acro&s the Klamath tliere. 
 (See Chromite Group). 
 
 INCREASED IMrORTANCE OF CONCENTRATION. 
 
 With nineteen plants for concentrating chromite either in operation 
 or in various stages of construction, it may be seen that concentrates will 
 form a large part of 1918 production. Any prediction of the future of 
 this branch of the industry now would be idle, as little definite develop- 
 ment work has been done, and operators have not generally gone farther 
 than to satisfy themselves that they have enough ore to .justify building 
 a mill. Burch and Dolbear^ estimate the cost of a 50-ton plant at 
 $15,000. To the writer's personal knowledge, four or five plants which 
 were hastily built with cheap crushing machinery are now being 
 re-equipped and will be delayed in entering the list of producers. Slime 
 losses have been serious at some properties where ball mills or Hunting- 
 ton mills were used originally' without appropriate slime tables; but 
 with standard equipment, concentration of chromite offers no particular 
 difficulties. There are some districts where the iron oxide content of 
 the ore is so high as to limit the percentage of chromite in the concen- 
 trate, but usually it is possible to get a product of higher tenor than the 
 crude ore available. Some operators claim to be making concentrates 
 carrying as high as 50% CrjOa. 
 
 ^Chromite. A. Burch & S. H. Dolbear. Printed by M. & S. P., 1918. 
 
MANGANESE AND CUKOMIUM. 115 
 
 DISTRICTS OF PROMISE TO THE PROSPECTOR. 
 
 The serpentine areas of the state have never been mapped in detail 
 and in many eases are too small to indicate on a state map on a scale 
 convenient for publication. The counties north of San Francisco Bay 
 and west of Sacramento Valley probably offer the best field for prospec- 
 tors in search of chromiie. As noted before, most of IMendocino and 
 Lake counties are covered by the Franciscan formations of the Coast 
 Range province. In this province are also located the western moun- 
 tainous portions of Colusa, Glenn and Tehama counties and the cen- 
 tral part of Humboldt. The serpentine areas which are of almost 
 constant occurrence with the Franciscan rocks have not been carefully 
 prospected because of the roughness of the country- and almost entire 
 absence of transportation facilities. 
 
 The Klamath province, including eastern Humboldt and Del Norte 
 and western Siskiyou and Trinity counties, is still more remote from 
 transportation, and is not accessible in winter except near the large 
 •streams, like the Klamath. Because of these limiting conditions in the 
 above districts a prospect of ehromite must show promise of developing 
 considerable ore in order to justify the expense of opening it and getting 
 ore to market. In this respect, the small producers in the Mother Lode 
 counties have a distinct advantage, as they are usually within a short 
 distance of the railroad and can market part carloads if necessary. 
 
 MINES. 
 
 ALAMEDA COUNTY. 
 
 Chromite occurs in the serpentine areas which are common to the 
 Franciscan group in the southeastern portion of the county. (See 
 Plate II, ante, under Manganese.) Tlie only important deposits known 
 are those which occur on Cedar JNIouutain and which were first mined 
 years ago. It is reported that over 3000 tons were mined from this 
 locality, most of which was produced from the Newman property de- 
 scribed below. 
 
 Clark Claim, Vernon Clark, Livermore, owner. This is on Sec. 26, 
 T. 4 S., R. 3 E., M. D. M., just east of the Newman ^line. It is worked 
 through an incline shaft, and some chrome ore was shipped in 1916 
 
 I by the Noble Electric Steel Company under a lease. 
 
 Nev^^man Mine, formerly known as the Mendenhall Mine, lies about 
 15 miles by road southeast of Livermore in See. 26, T. 4 S., R. 3 E. 
 l! E. C. Harder* in his description of this property writes as follows: 
 "The ore occurs in irregular lenticular pockets and stringers in more 
 or less decomposed serpentine. Where the serpentine is much decom- 
 posed it is soft and broken and has a brown stain. The chrome ore that 
 
 I I occurs in this rock is generally soft and friable and of a dull grayisli- 
 
 *U. S. G. S. Bull. 430, pp. 17.3-174. 
 
116 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 black color, but that in the fresh serpentine is glossy black in color 
 and contains very little intermixed serpentine. Some masses of fairly 
 compact ore are found within pockets of soft ore, as if they were not yet 
 thoroughly disintegrated. ' ' 
 
 Development consists of several open cuts and tunnels. The larger 
 lenses or pockets appear to have been exhausted, and the little ore 
 remaining in sight on the working is of low grade. Considerable work 
 was done here by the Noble Electric Steel Company during 1916. Theyl 
 mined and shipped several hundred tons to their smelters at Heroult. 
 In October, 1917, it was under lease to J. W. Clark and D. McDonald,j 
 Livermore, and shipments of ore resumed. S. V. Newman of Livermore 
 is the owner. 
 
 Bibl.: Cal. State Min. Bur. Reports XII, p. 36, XIII, p. 48; Bull| 
 38, p. 267. U.S.G.S. Bull. 430, pp. 173-174. 
 
 AMADOR COUNTY. 
 
 The Carr and Mefford properties lie in Sec. 34, T. 6 N., R. 10 E., 
 M. D. M., two miles south of the Amador Central Railroad near lone. 
 They include 80 acres on which chrome ore occurs as lenses and chim- 
 neys in serpentine. 
 
 The ore bodies have been developed by open cuts and shallow shafts. 
 No. 1 workings are on the Mefford property in the W. ^ of the S.W. | of 
 Sec. 34, at an elevation of 900'. These followed an orebody whic 
 struck north-south and dipped 75° west. A cross-cut struck chrome a' 
 10" below the surface and the ore body was worked southward by ope: 
 cut for 40' and tunneled for an additional 10'. Near the center of the® 
 workings a 20' incline followed an orebody which was 4' wide at iti 
 center. It is reported that 65 tons of 35% ore were shipped from hen 
 during the year 1916. Below these workings at an elevation of 85 
 about 15 tons of ore were taken from an open cut 20' long, 4' deep, an 
 6' wide in the center. 
 
 No. 2 workings, at an elevation of 850', lie south of No. 1 working 
 
 Chimneys of ore were worked to a depth of 20', and yielded 48 tons i: 
 1916. 
 
 No. 3 workings, at an elevation of 830', lie north of No. 1 and consii 
 of a cross-cut tunnel which struck the orebody at 20' and followed 
 for another 20', at which point an 8' raise was run to the surface, 
 body of ore just being opened up measured 2' wide and 8' long, and ha 
 a strike N. 20° W. and pitch 65° E. Approximately 25 tons of ore f< 
 shipment were in a pile on May 26, 1917. 
 
 On the Carl Froelich property, about 800' southwest of No. 2 work- 
 ings, a 70' incline shaft was sunk by Bauers, Case and Swanson in 1916. 
 The orebody narrowed, and when visited was covered by waste. On the 
 
 J 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 117 
 
 ridge east of this shaft, at an elevation of 920', a 16' incline took the 
 heart out of another ore body which appeared to continue northward 
 along a 4" leader of chrome. On the east side of the ridge at an eleva- 
 vation of 730' another lens of chrome struck N. 15° W. and dipped S.W. 
 into the hill. Approximately 2' of ore is said to have been left in the 
 bottom, and it seems probable that more ore could be taken from the 
 north end of the pit. 
 
 Approximately 365 tons of ore Avere shipped from these properties 
 in 1916. 
 
 Owned by J. E. Mefford, i\Ir. Mooney and Carl Froelich, and operated 
 by E. H. Carr and J. E. Mefford of lone. 
 
 The Courtwrig-ht property adjoins that of Carl Froelich on the 
 south. It lies in Sec. 2, T. 5 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M., at an elevatioa 
 of 875'. 
 
 The lower workings consist of a 14' incline shaft on an orebody 
 that was 20' long and 6' wide. The lens of chrome struck north-south 
 and pitched 65° E. About 10" of ore, now covered by 4' of Avaste rock, 
 is said to have shown in the bottom when work was abandoned. Approx- 
 imately 500' south of these workings an open cut Avas made 8' Avide and 
 30' long. Ore is said to have persisted in the bottom of the east end 
 of this cut, but Avork AA^as abandoned. Another open cut, at an elevation 
 of 875' about 40' southeast of the last, folloAved a stringer striking 
 N. 35° W. and pitching 65° E. These A^'orkings are 6' Avide, 8' deep 
 and 16' long, and expose a 4" stringer of chrome in the hangAvall. 
 
 Approximately 60 tons of ore assaying 40% CroOg and 4% SiO, were 
 shipped in 1916. 
 
 The Detert ranch is located on the south side of Cosumnes River in 
 Sec. 6, T. 7 N., R. 10 E., about eight miles northeast of Carbondale. 
 Lenses of chrome ore occur in serpentine on a hill northAvest of the 
 ranch house. 
 
 Ore mined on this property about 22 years ago was left in the dump 
 until recently, Avhen 80 tons Avere shipped by way of Carbondale. More 
 ore could probably be obtained by deeper work. 
 
 OAvned by W. F. Detert, 995 Market St., San Francisco. 
 
 Dooley property. About 10 tons of 38% ore has been mined on the 
 property of E. A. Dooley still farther north along the same serpentine 
 belt, as the Wait property. 
 
 The Wait property consists of 160 acres in the NW. ^ of Sec. 29, 
 T. 7 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M. It lies five miles soutliAvest of Plymouth near 
 Willow Creek. 
 
 Three parallel lenses of chrome ore, offset one from another, in serpen- 
 tine AA'cre mined by an open cut 20' deep and 60' long. The ore is said to 
 
118 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 have averaged 38.7% CroOg. Float chrome has been found at intervals 
 for one mile southward. Two 40-ton ears of ore were shipped in 1916. 
 Owned by A. L. Wait of Plj^mouth. Mr. Wait mined about 5 tons of 
 26% ore on the Matthews property adjoining him on the north. This 
 ore was along a contact of serpentine and pink marble. 
 
 BUTTE COUNTY.' 
 
 Agard and Stewart of 268 Market Street, San Francisco, hold a 
 lease on railroad land in the E. i of Sec. 36, T. 23 N., R. 4 E., M. D. M. 
 The property lies at an elevation of 2500', more or less, about one mile 
 southwest of Pulga, or Big Bar, on the Western Pacific Railroad. 
 
 A body of 45-50% chrome ore, striking N. 15° W., was being worked 
 about one-half mile west of the camp, near the road to Big Bar. The 
 lens was 5' wide in the center and 20' long, and had been worked to a| 
 depth of 18'. Ore in the bottom of the workings was exposed 30" widej 
 and 10' long and appeared to be widening. In the south end of thej 
 orebody, down to a depth of 10' about 2 tons of a 28% granular chrome' 
 ore was mined but not shipped. 
 
 Work was being carried on by two men who carried the ore in powder 
 boxes from the pit to a platform, from which it was hauled by team to a 
 second platform. The ore was hauled to Oroville for $8.00 per ton by 
 two Ford auto trucks, which carried about 2700 pounds each. About 18 
 tons of 45-50% ore was corded on the platforms ready for shipment. 
 
 About one-half mile N. 30° W. from the last workings about 80 
 tons of a lower grade ore, carrying considerable serpentine, has been 
 mined. It lies on the south slope near the summit of the mountain, and 
 a road must be built before it can be hauled. 
 
 Another deposit of high grade ore, said to be mined out, was located 
 about Ij miles east of the camp and hauled to Big Bar. 
 
 One car of ore had been mined and shipped from Oroville up to the 
 middle of July, 1917. 
 
 The Hendricks property lies at an elevation of 1600' one mile east of 
 Yankee Hill in Sec. 34, T. 22 N., R. 4 E., M. D. M. The property is 
 owned by Charles and William Hendricks of Magalia, and leased by 
 Mr. Cashom and F. A. Alexander of San Francisco. 
 
 A lenticular body of chrome ore in serpentine struck N. 45 W. and 
 dipped 80° NE. It was worked by an open cut 100' long, 5' wide and 
 20' deep, and by a winze 14' below the tloor of the open cut near the 
 center of the workings. The ore body appeared to have been 5' wide 
 in the center, tapering both ways for 40' in length. In the deepest part 
 of the open cut 30' below the surface, the ore pinched. 
 
 'Since the preparation of this report, twcj new concentrating plants iiave been 
 projected. These will be built by A. A. Davis of OroviUe, and John D. Hubbard of 
 832 Mills Bldg-.. San Francisco. Hubbard's mill will be erected on the Lucky John 
 Mine, at Paradise. 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. . 119 
 
 I 
 
 The ore was granular and had considerable serpentine frozen to it. 
 i About 50 tons of 35-38% ore was corded, ready for shipment. Hauling 
 to Oroville would cost $8.00 per ton. 
 
 Mr. Cashom was said to have mined out some ore on the J. G. Curtis 
 J property in Sec. 7, T. 21 N., R. -i E., M. D. M., near the Pacific Gas and 
 j Electric Company's power house. About 100 tons were rained in 1916 
 I and 28 tons in 1917. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Hendricks was said to have about 30 tons of 38% ore mined 
 in Sec. 6, T. 21 N., R. 4 E., M. D. M. A road was to be built in order 
 to haul the ore. 
 
 The Lambert property lies at an elevation of 1270' in Sec. 34, 
 T. 23 N., R. 3 E., M. D. M., about 5 miles southwest of Magalia. The 
 location made by Nat Lambert, was leased by the Union Chrome Com- 
 pany of San Francisco. 
 
 The northernmost workings are on the east side of Middle Butte 
 Creek. A body of ore striking north-south had been mined, leaving a 
 pit 6' wide, 10' long and 15' deep. The walls of the pit were partly 
 caved because of the fractured nature of the serpentine walls which 
 were insufficiently timbered. This pit Avas to be cleaned out Avith the 
 hope of opening up more ore. 
 
 On the west side of the creek about 50' south of the aforementioned 
 workings an ore body striking N. 30° W. has been opened up. The 
 main ore body was 16' long, 8' wide in the center, and had been worked 
 to a depth of 12'. 
 
 Equipment consisted of an 8 h.p. Corliss gas engine directly connected 
 with a hoist at the head of a 1120' tram with ^" steel cable. The tram 
 car will make 22 trips a day, carrying 1500 lbs. to the car. 
 
 The cost of hauling the ore from the head of the tram to Magalia, a 
 distance of 4.7 miles, was $4.00 per ton. 
 
 Approximately 100 tons of 45% ore were corded at the head of the 
 tram, and probably there was about as much more ore in sight at the 
 mine on July 16, 1917. About 189 tons of ore were shipped from 
 Magalia in May, 1917. 
 
 The Lucky Strike proj^erty lies one mile north of Woodleaf. 
 Chrome was located on the properties of the Southern Pacific Railroad 
 and the Butte Pine and Hardwood Lumber Company by Chas. Falk of 
 Woodleaf. 
 
 Brendt No. 1 claim is located ] mile below the old Townshend mill on 
 the lumber company 's property. About 300 tons of ore are said to have 
 been taken from a lens 8' wide in the center by 50' long, and varying 
 in depth up to 12'. These workings are now caved and filled. The ore 
 struck N. 45° W. and dipped 80^ SW. with a footwall of decomposed 
 
120 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 serpentine and hanging wall of serpentized talc schist ; it probably rani 
 45% CrjOg. The ore was shipped by Dickey and Driesbach of Oakland.! 
 The same operators have mined about 35 tons of 35% chrome ore] 
 about I mile west of the residence of E. C. Binet, near Clipper Mills. 
 The soil at this deposit was about 6' deep, and the ore was taken from| 
 a pit 8' wide, 10' long and 10' deep. The ore was granular and con- 
 siderable leopard chrome was associated with it. On July 13, 1917, the 
 ore was still in a pile near the road, awaiting shipment. 
 
 Norris and Noyes of San Francisco were reported in November,^ 
 1917, to be developing chrome deposits east of Brush Creek in Sec. 11, 
 T. 21 N., R. 6 E., M. D. M. A car or two will probably be shipped ii 
 1917. 
 
 The Rohrer and McCrosky property consists of two claims in tliGj 
 SE. i of Sec. 36, T. 23 N., R. 4 E., M. D. M. These, the Twin Cedars 
 claims, lie at an elevation of 3000' and have a fair growth of cedar am 
 yellow pine. 
 
 A lenticular body of chrome ore striking north and south in serpentine 
 has been developed by open cut. Approximately 27 tons of chrome| 
 ore had been corded for shipment by way of Oroville, 28 miles distant^ 
 
 Owned by G. C. Rohrer and Jess McCrosky of Big Bar. 
 
 The Sharrer property is located I mile northeast of Woodleaf in 
 Sec. 10, T. 19 N., R. 7 E., M. D. M., at an elevation of 3050 feet. 
 
 Float chrome which would probably run 30% has been followed in 
 north-south direction for 30 feet. No development work had been done' 
 
 Western Ore Co. Mine and mill six miles east of Paradise. A. E.I 
 Vandercook and E. H. Nash, First National Bank Building, OaklandJ 
 ownere. This plant was being completed at the time of our last report.] 
 As then planned, the ore is to be crushed to 1^" in a 6"x8" Dodge 
 crusher and put through a 5-foot Huntington mill with 20-mesh screen.] 
 After classification, sands are to be treated on a No. 4 Deister concentrs 
 tor and slimes on a Johnson vanner. Estimated capacity, 30 to 50 tons! 
 in 24 hours. Power is to be furnished by a 20 h.p. distillate engine.1 
 Mine ore said to assay 10% to 35% Crj O3. A 45% concentrate is] 
 looked for. 
 
 The Wakehama tunnel is located near the Lam])ert property iri 
 Sec. 35, T. 23 N., R. 3 E., J\I. D. M., about 5 miles southwest of Magalia^ 
 at an elevation of 1485'. 
 
 Bowlders of 50% chrome ore were mined from the old drift mine 
 tunnel, and 32 tons shipped by the Union Chrome Co., lessees, in 1917, 
 
 The Zenith mine is in Sec. 6, T. 19 N., R. 7 E., M. D. M. about 2i ' 
 miles northeast of Forbestown at an elevation of 2940'. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM, 121 
 
 Float chrome lias recently been taken from the red soil and about 
 three cars were shipped by Dickey and Dreisbach, the lessees, in 1917. 
 No more ore has been \i\kn\ i'rom an open cut, which was worked in 
 1916. It is reported that a total of about 300 tons of ore had been 
 shipped from the property. 
 
 Owned by the California ^langanese Companj^ of San Francisco. 
 
 CALAVERAS COUNTY. 
 
 The Bumhajn Ranch lies soutli of the Peri Ranch in T, 1 N., R. 13 E., 
 M. D. M., southeast of Copperopolis on the north slope of the Stanis- 
 laus River. Wm. Burnham and l)ruthi r jire reported to have mined 10 
 tons of chrome ore, but none has been shi])ped. 
 
 The Campbell property lies near the Bnrnham Ranch southeast of 
 Copperopolis. It is reported that 30 tons cf chrome ore were mined in 
 1916 and shipped by the Mineral Resource Corporation of America. 
 
 The Clary and Langford lease includes the chrome deposits on the 
 property of the Nassau Copper Mining Company in the NAV. ^ of Sec. 
 10, T. 2 N., R. 12 E., M. D. M. It lies 8 mile,-* south of west from Angels 
 Camp, the shipping point. 
 
 Chrome ore is being mined near the county road at an elevation of 
 1800'. A 40' incline shaft has followed the ore body, which strikes N. 
 30° W., and is exposed 2' in width on both sides of the shaft. The ore 
 shoot has been mined to a depth of 27' for a distance of 30' northwest- 
 ward. It appeared to continue southeast for at least 20'. 
 
 Two men were working with hand tools and windlass. Three cars 
 carrying a total of 120 tons of ore were shipped to the American Refrac- 
 tories Company in May, 1917. The cost of hauling ore to the railroad 
 Avas $3.00 per ton. 
 
 Leased by Harry Clary, of Angels, and Geo. Langford, of Murphys, 
 
 The Davis property is located four miles northeast of Copperopolis 
 in Sec. 14, T. 2, N., R. 12 E., M. D. M., at an elevation of 1740'. 
 
 High grade chrome ore occurs as lenses in serpentine. An ore body 
 striking N. 60° W., exposed at the face of the workings, was 7' wide 
 and 4' high with a 2' horse of serpentine ; this was 10' from the south- 
 east end of the lens which was being mined. There appeared to ])e 
 about 20 tons of ore in sight at this lens which would assay over 40% 
 Cr, 0,. 
 
 Hauling to Milton, 15 miles west, cost from $5.00 to $6.00 per ton. 
 
 The Hinch property consists of five claims located seven miles west 
 of Angels in the SW. i of Sec. 3, T. 2 N., R. 12 E., M. D. M., in the 
 Harmon Peak district. 
 
 Chrome ore occurs as lenses in serpentine and about 15 tons were 
 mined, for use as furnace lining, by the Calaveras Copper Company 
 
122 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 about 12 years ago. A considerable tonnage of good ore has recently 
 been mined by F. W. Dean and Fred AVilson, who hold a lease from Mr. 
 Hinch of Angels. 
 
 The Lowry property lies four miles west of Fosteria at an elevation 
 of 1050' in Sec. 23 of T. 5 N., R. 10 E., and Sec. 30 of T. 5 N., R. 11 E., 
 M. D. M. Mining is being carried on by Geo. AVard, who pays royalty 
 to Geo. C. Lowry, the owner. 
 
 Development work consists of a 16' incline shaft, with windlass, on 
 an ore body striking east-west and pitching N. 75° in serpentine. 
 About 25 tons of 42% ore had been sledded to the top of the hill, while 
 about 20 tons were in sight unmined. One quarter mile southeast of 
 the shaft, at an elevation of 990', is an open cut 5' deep and 40' long on 
 an ore body striking N. 20° W. and pitching 75° E. in serpentine. 
 About 15 tons of 40% ore had been mined and was on the dump. 
 
 Approximately ^ mile southeast of the Lowry ranch house, at an ele- 
 vation of 1230', about 4 tons of ore had been taken from an open cut 
 3' deep and 8' long. The ore struck east-west in serpentinized amphi- 
 bolite. 
 
 Hauling to the railroad at Valley Springs costs $3.00 per ton. 
 
 The Maxwell ranch located near the Vogelgesang ranch, southeast 
 of Valley Springs, is reported to have considerable low grade chrome 
 ore in sight. 
 
 The McFaul property lies southeast of Copperopolis. A 30' shaft 
 developed a good grade of chrome ore. It is reported that one car 
 shipped in 1916 carried 49.4% Cr^Oa and 6.5% SiO,, while another car 
 shipped in May, 1917, carried 47% CroOs- 
 
 Owned by J. McFaul of Angels. 
 
 The Peri property is in the SE. i of Sec. 6, T. 1 N., R. 13 E., 
 M. D. M., at an elevation of 1300', 4 miles southeast of Copperopolis. It 
 is leased from Frank Peri, of Copperopolis, by Frank Towers, Frank 
 Reddick and Wm. Dixon. 
 
 Lenticular bodies of chrome ore strike east-west with footwall of ser- 
 pentine and hanging wall of schist and raetamorphic sandstone. 
 
 The main workings consisted of an open cut 14' deep and 30' long, in 
 the west face of which ore was exposed 2' wide and 4' high. About 40' 
 east of this cut a 20' shaft had been sunk with windlass. This incline 
 followed a lower grade ore body which pitched N. 80° and was exposed 
 2' wide along the lower 5' of the east side. About 40 tons of 30% ore 
 were on the dump and it was said that 48 tons of ore had been shipped 
 in 1916. Open cuts on top of the hill had yielded 20 tons of ore and 
 only small seams were left exposed. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 123 
 
 The True Blue chrome mme lies 10 miles northeast of Angels Camp 
 at an elevation of 2090'. It is owned by Mrs. S. E. Madrid of Angels 
 Camp. 
 
 A lenticular body of chrome ore striking due east and west had been 
 open cut 50' long and 12' wide in the center. Preparations were being 
 made to run a crosscut tunnel for working the deposit at greater depth. 
 It is reported that 600 tons of 30% ore were shipped from Angels Camp 
 in August, 1916. Approximately 100 tons were ready for shipment 
 with at least 125 tons of ore in sight unmined. 
 
 The Vogelgesang ranch chrome deposits are about five miles south- 
 east of Valley Springs and one mile south of the Calaveras River. They 
 are owned by G. D. Vogelgesang and Bros, of Valley Springs. 
 
 A series of lenses of chrome ore occur along a N. 45° W. direction for 
 over 600'. The largest lens was reported to be 10' in width and 40' or 
 more in length. The lenses pitch nearly vertical and lie in serpentine 
 approximately parallel and 25' from its contact with amphibolite schist. 
 
 The ore is of good quality and some was used in the past for furnace 
 lining at the Campo Seco smelter. It is reported that 150 tons of ore 
 were shipped in 1916 and that the deposit was apparently worked out. 
 Probabl}^ more ore could be obtained by deeper work. 
 
 The Walker lease includes chrome producing properties in Sec. 15 
 of T. 2 X., 2 12 E,. :\r. D. :\I., 14 miles east of Milton Station, at an ele- 
 vation of 1750'. Scattered open cuts were being worked about 1 mile 
 east of the road from Angels to Copperopolis and approximately 1^ 
 miles south of the branch road to Milton. 
 
 A 14" lens striking N. 45° E. and dipping 85° N.AV. had been open 
 cut 10' in depth and 25' in length, and there were 10 tons of ore piled 
 for shipment. Another lens 500' west from the first was worked by 
 open cut 6' deep and 40' long and had produced 20 tons of ore; this 
 lens struck N. 45° E. and was 50' higher than the first. Three other 
 small open cuts had been made, from each of which 10 tons of ore had 
 been mined. An average assay of the ore was 39.7% Cr^Oy and 9.1% 
 SiO,. 
 
 Hauling to Milton cost $5.00 per ton, and it was said that the ore was 
 going to be shipped to the Union Chrome Co. 
 
 F. G. AValker, of Angels, superintendent. 
 
 COLUSA COUNTY. 
 
 Chrome Wonder Claim. Sam Sites, Stonyford. owner. On this 
 claim near Stonyford, a shaft has been sunk, and about 4 tons of 
 chrome ore are reported on the dinnp. 
 
 F. C. Innes, Wilbur Springs, has been working on the development 
 of a chrome prospect near Wilbur Springs, since September, 1917. 
 
124 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU, 
 
 Liberty Chrome Mine, Wesley Bradley, Stonyford, owner. Pros- 
 pect. 
 
 The Princess Chrome Mine consists of 2 claims on government land 
 1^ miles northwest of Cook Springs in T. 16 N., R. 6 W., M. D. M. 
 Development work consists of an open cut 18' long and 10' deep from 
 which a small amount of ore carrying over 45% Cr^Og has so far been 
 mined. An ore body 2' wide and 4' long is said to be exposed in ser- 
 pentine. Owned by Jno. J. Sweeney, 1625 Haight St., San Francisco, 
 or Stonyford, Colusa County. 
 
 Stella Chrome Mine, Elmer & George Evans, Sites, owners. They 
 report a body of ore carrying 20%-40% Cr„Oo. 
 
 Teathers Chrome prospects. Cy Teathers, Stonyford, owner. 
 Several chromite prospects are stated to have beeen uncovered on this 
 foothill ranch near Stonyford. 
 
 DEL NORTE COUNTY. 
 Geology of Chromite Deposits. 
 
 A broad belt of serpentine, serpentinized peridotite, and associated 
 rocks, with numerous tongues of diorite, extends northerly through the 
 county at an average distance of eight to ten miles from the coast, 
 increasing in size from the south till it has a width of over two town- 
 ships where it crosses the state line into Oregon. Farther east, along 
 the Siskiyou-Del Norte counties line, is another belt of serpentine 
 which extends northward through the watershed of the west branch of 
 Illinois River and eastward toward the Klamath. Within these ser- 
 pentine areas are found the producing chromite properties and the 
 promising prospects of the county. There is still a large area of ser- 
 pentine in these belts which has been unexplored by the prospector. 
 The chrome ore occurs as lenses, some of which appear to be very exten- 
 sive, with well-defined walls ; and is the massive black chromite. Its 
 content of chromic oxide varies from 40%to 50%, the ferrous oxide 
 content varying up to 50%. The ore is deceiving in appearance, due 
 to magnetite associated with it, so that it is impossible to approximate 
 its chromic oxide content bj' mere observation. This black ore con- 
 tains very little silica. 
 
 The ore bodies on the Tyson properties both at French Hill and near 
 Low Divide, are notable because they are contact deposits, lying 
 between well-defined walls of serpentine and diorite. These deposits 
 have been large producers during the past summer. The deposits Avere 
 first mined in the early eighties, but only a few thousand tons were 
 produced. This was all shipped to Baltimore where the chrome indus- 
 try of the United States was started. The difficulty with these 
 deposits is their inaccessibility and for that reason they have lain idle 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 125 
 
 until the present demand fur eliromito as a war supply, for refractor- 
 ies, in the manufacture of armament, high speed tools, etc., increased 
 its value. 
 
 Transportation. 
 
 The coast highAvaj^ from Eureka passes through Crescent City and 
 thence up the coast to Brookings, Oregon. Auto stages operate daily 
 from Eureka to Crescent City, ninety-nine miles, carrying passengers 
 and mail and requiring eight to nine hours for the trip. A daily auto 
 stage also carries mail and passengers from Crescent City to Grants 
 Pass, Oregon, via South Fork, Gasquet and Patrick Creek, a distance 
 of ninety-five miles. A tri-weekly route operates from Crescent City 
 to Brookings, Oregon. Freight service is furnished by small coast- 
 wise steamers which have no regular schedule. The -two chief chromite 
 properties have roads for hauling, but any production from new pros- 
 pects would have to be packed out over the different forest trails unless 
 sufficient tonnage were developed to warrant new road construction 
 of an expensive nature. Even in the case of those properties in the 
 vicinity of French Hill, there is apt to be difficulty in delivering ore 
 to the steamer at Crescent City in the rainy season (November to 
 June) as there is a stretch of road between South Fork and the coast 
 which became impassable for auto trucks with the fii-st rain this fall 
 (1917), and will probably remain so till summer unless given consid- 
 erable attention. Arriving at the coast, another source of difficulty is 
 found in the fact that the water at Crescent City is deep enough only 
 for the smallest steamers, which are operated for the lumber trade and 
 accommodate ore shippers only when space happens to be available. 
 
 Copper Creek Mine, also known as the Low Divide Mine, is situated 
 iu the Low Divide Mining District, in Section 35, T. 18 N., R. 1 E., 
 about 15 miles northeast of Crescent City, the shipping point. -This 
 property owned by the Tyson Estate of Baltimore, consists of four 
 claims. Mountain View Nos. 1, 2, 3, and Copper Creek, the latter being 
 situated on Copper Creek about 800 feet in elevation below the other 
 claims. Most of the ore shipped by the Tyson Mining Company was 
 from the Mountain View Group, on summit of the ridge ; but very little 
 ore is exposed in those old workings. The deposit now being mined 
 is on the Copper Creek Claim. A road was only recently constructed 1^ 
 miles, with an average 12% grade, up the ridge to connect with the 
 Low Divide road to Crescent City. Here a large open cut had been 
 made by the old company, and 700 tons of ore which is reported to 
 average 44.6% chromic oxide and 3.2% silica, is piled on the dump. 
 It was never hauled out, due to the decline in the price of chrome 
 shortly after it was mined. 
 
126 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 The ore body, which lies along a contact of diorite and serpentine, is 
 exposed for a distance of 60 feet along its strilce, north and south, vary- 
 ing in width from 6 to 10 feet. It dips eastward about 60 ^ Twenty- 
 two feet below the floor of the open cut, a crosscut tunnel has been 
 driven by the present operators. At 30 ft. it cuts the ore body, show- 
 ing a width here of 16 ft. Thus it may safelj'- be assumed that the ore 
 body is continuous throughout this depth, and if this is so, there are 
 at least 1000 tons in this deposit and probably a great deal more. 4 
 
 Photo No. 20. Copper Creek Chrome Mine (old Tyson Mine), Low Divide District, Del 
 Norte County, showing 700 tons of ore on dump, averaging 4 5% CroOa. 
 
 The mine is being operated under a sub-lease from the American 
 Exploration Company of Portland by R. D. Adams and C. S. Maltby, 
 Humboldt Bank Bldg., San Francisco, who expect to ship at least 50 
 tons daily during the season from this one deposit. Nine 5-ton auto 
 trucks are hauling the chrome ore from this and the French Hill mine. 
 When visited the first truck-load of ore from the old dump had just 
 been hauled out, and only a few men Avere working at the mine. 
 Twenty men were working on the old road to get it into shape for the 
 auto trucks. Trucking charge to Crescent City is $4.00 per ton. 
 Freight rate from Crescent City to Eureka, $3.50 per ton, with a 
 
i 
 
 MANGANESE AND CllKOMlUM. 
 
 127 
 
 I 
 
 wharfage charge at Crescent City of $1.00. Added to this the cost of 
 transporting the ore to the Eastern markets, it can readily be seen that 
 only under tlie present war prices can these properties be profitably 
 exploited. 
 
 Bib!.: Cal. State Min. Bur., Keports X, p. 1(37, Xll, p. 36, Xlil, 
 p. 48, XIV, p. 380 ; Bull. 38, p. 268. 
 
 Photo No. 21. Tunnel at Copper Creek Chrome Mine, Del Norte County, 20' below open cut. 
 
 French Hill Chrome Mine. It is in Sections 5 and 6, T. 16 N., 
 R. 2 E., about 6 miles in an air line south of the Low Divide mine, and 
 18 miles by road east of Crescent City. The mine lies on the north 
 slope of French Hill, about 300 ft. below the summit, at an elevation 
 of 1750 ft. above sea level. An old wagon road 3 miles in length gives 
 access to the property from the Crescent City-Grants Pass road. The 
 old road is in fairly good condition and very little work is necessary to 
 prepare it for the auto trucks. 
 
 The occurrence here is very similar to that of the Low Divide mine, 
 but the ore is said to carry a higher percentage of chromic oxide, 
 averaging over 50%. In appearance it is the same heavy black, finely 
 crystalline chromite. Development consists of an open cut 30 feet long, 
 exposing an ore body throughout its length that averages 6 ft. in width. 
 
12.8 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 On the dump at this cut are 225 tons of ore, which was mined over 30 
 years ago by the Tyson Mining Company. Forty feet south of the cut 
 a tunnel recently driven cuts the deposit at 20 ft., showing 6 ft. of ore. 
 Fifty feet below the cut, a kidney, or lens, was also mined by the old 
 company, yielding 150 tons of high grade ore before being exhausted. 
 This ore was never hauled out, so that there were nearly 400 tons of 
 
 
 Photo No. 22. Open cut at Tyson Chrome Mine on French Hill, Del Norte County, 
 
 showing orebody 6' wide. 
 
 ore on the various dumps when the mine was taken over in 1917 by 
 the present operators. It was expected to start operations in July and 
 a force of men were repairing the old road so that the ore could be 
 hauled out to Crescent City. R. D. Adams and C. S. Maltby, Hum- 
 boldt Bank Bldg., San Francisco, are also operating this property 
 under a lease. It is owned by the Tyson Estate, for which W. H. 
 Pleasants of Baltimore is agent. 
 
 Bibl. : Cal. State Min. Bur., Reports X, p. 167, XII, p. 36, XIII, 
 p. 48, XIV, p. 380 ; Bull. 38, p. 268. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 129 
 
 Photo No. 23. Dump containing 150 tons of chromite at Tyson Mine, French Hill, 
 
 Del Norte County. 
 
 Owl Claim. This property located during the past few months, 
 lies along the summit of French Hill, adjoining the French Hill Chrome 
 Mine on the north. The road to the latter traverses the claim. Several 
 small lenses of chromite have been uncovered. They appear to lie on 
 the strike of the French Hill Mine deposit, and may be a continuation 
 of it. Sufficient work has not been done, however, to confirm this 
 opinion. Development work consists of a few small open cuts, and one 
 shaft or pit. The shaft was down 10 ft. exposing an ore body 7 ft. in 
 width. This was the most promising exposure seen on the claim. Three 
 men are employed in the development work. Very little ore is in sight, 
 and none has as yet been shipped. The owners are W. L. Childers, 
 A. Denning, Silas White, et al., of Crescent City. 
 
 Chromite also occurs on Gordon Mountain, 10 miles east of French 
 Hill, and in the Rattlesnake Mountains. Claims have been taken up at 
 both of these localities, but as they are extremely inaccessible, there is 
 little likelihood of their being developed until there are better transpor- 
 tation facilities. 
 
 Between French Hill and Upper Coon Mountain on the east, and 
 thence to Madrona on the south, some fifteen new chromite locations 
 
 9—38958 
 
130 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 had been made during the summer of 1917. All these claims lie near 
 the French Hill Cut-off and Gordon Mountain Trails. 
 
 In September, 1917, development work had been done only on the 
 claims of W. W. Young", where a few men w^ere reported to be 
 prospecting; probably no shipments could be made this season. The 
 properties lie at elevations between 2500 and 4000 feet, three to eighteen 
 miles by trail from the end of the French Hill road at Darnell's mine. 
 A quantity of ore of a fair grade is reported from Young's claims but 
 many of the locations were made on small surface indications which 
 afforded no basis for estimating tonnages. fe 
 
 In September, George Barton and others of Grants Pass, Oregon, were' 
 taking bonds on several claims, and were considering the possibility of 
 packing out ore with mules. The locators are Mr. A. "W. Lewis, 
 Geo. Rogers, Jack Darnell, Mrs. P. Peacock, Lula Hitter, Melvin Leah, 
 M. Jake, L. L. Lewis, W. W. Young and II. H. IMorrell. 
 
 The Friday chrome prospect, located by John Hester and H. H. 
 Morrell of Crescent City, lies on the High Plateau in Sees. 21 and 28, 
 T. 18 N., R. 2 E. An outcrop of chromite, six by six feet, was found, 
 but no work had been attempted in September, 1917. t 
 
 The High Plateau has an elevation of between 2500 and 3500 feet," 
 and pitches sharply on the west into the North Fork of Smith River, 
 which flow'S in a canon only 500 feet above sea level. To take out ore 
 from this and the two properties next described, by way of the Smith I 
 River road, would require about one and one-quarter miles of tramway, ^ 
 beside a mile or more of trail. Patrick Creek Stage Station lies about 
 twelve miles distant by trail, on the Grants Pass Road. 
 
 Hawkins chromite prospect, owned by AVm. HaAvkins of Crescent 
 Citv, lies one mile west of the Fridav claim, on the High Plateau. 
 There is an outcrop of good chromite with a maximum width of thirty 
 feet and a length of one hundred feet, but no development had been 
 done to permit an estimate of tonnage. A sample taken is said to have 
 shown 56% CroOg. This claim is a mile nearer Smith River and cor- 
 respondingly farther from the Grants Pass Road, than the last claim 
 mentioned. 
 
 High Plateau chrome prospect consists of four claims located in 
 the south half of Section 30, T. 18 N., R. 2 E., and owned by H. II. 
 Morrell and John Hester of Crescent City, who filed locations in the 
 fall of 1917. Claim No. 1 shows soft chromite float for 1000 feet. 
 No. 2 is said to include an outcrop of chromite, ten feet wide over a 
 distance of one hundred twenty feet ; and No. 3 an outcrop eight feet ; 
 wide for a length of forty feet. The owners found these prospects in 
 September, 1917, and had done no mining. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 131 
 
 The Smith Kivcr road coiilcl he reaclu'd tj-oiii these, chiiiiis by one mile 
 and a quarter of traunvay. Ore woidd have to ])e hauled twenty miles 
 to reach the terminus of lTobl)8 AVall Co. 's logging railroad which runs 
 from Crescent City to the logging woods. 
 
 The Malpas chrome prospect ad.joins the Avest side of the Tyson 
 property on French Hill. There are four claims located in May, 1917, 
 by H. Malpas, county surveyor of Del Norte County, in company with 
 Messrs. Keller, Chapman and Tlotehkiss of Crescent City. 
 
 Shortly after location the claims were leased to parties who were 
 expected to do development work and pay a royalty on any ore sold. 
 It is stated that the lessees failed to do any development work and soon 
 after the expiration of their lease, the claims were .jumped, on the 
 ground that the original locators had failed to do work showing ore in 
 place. Some forty tons of shipping ore were taken out by the claim 
 jumpers and a deal was made for the sale of it, but when the prospective 
 buyers heard of the dispute regarding title they naturally delayed tak- 
 ing the ore, and further work was halted pending settlement of the 
 dispute. This ease illustrates how production from promising prop- 
 erties may be delayed, and loss incurred, by owners and locators due 
 to failure to carry on proper development work. 
 
 EL DORADO COUNTY. 
 
 The Austin mine lies three miles northeast of Georgetown in the 
 SE. i of Sec. 25 of T. 13 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M. The property Avas 
 leased by H. C. AiLstin from the Southern Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Chrome ore occurs as chimneys in serpentine and has been mined by 
 open cuts and shallow shafts. On the east side of the mountain at an 
 elevation of 2900' is a 10' pit, from which about 60 tons of ore were 
 mined and corded. This orebocly strikes N. 3'0° E. 
 
 Approximately 60 tons of ore, mainly float, was shipped from dig- 
 gings on the side hill south of the pit. The ore body had been broken 
 up by erosion and practically all scattered down the hill for a distance 
 of 300'. The original ore body had been open cut from 2' to 3' in depth 
 and 40' long along a direction N. 20' E. Other shallow pits along the 
 crest of the hill have yielded a few tons each. 
 
 On the west side of the hill a 16' shaft, with open cut 10' deep and 50' 
 long for drainage, followed a chimney of ore 3' x 7' which pinched in 
 the bottom of the shaft. Seventy tons of ore were mined of which 10 
 tons remained on the dump. 
 
 Over 60 tons of ore were piled by the road near Georgetown where it 
 had been teamed three miles from the mine. The ore was being trucked 
 19 miles to Placerville. Hauling of the ore from the mine to Placer- 
 ville costs $8.00 per ton. Two cars of ore, a total of 93 tons, had been 
 shipped. 
 
132 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Tlie Bonetti property includes 20 acres in the S. ^ of Sec. 6, T. 8 N., 
 R. 10 E., M. D. M., four miles east of Latrobe and two and one-half 
 miles southeast of Brandon Station. 
 
 Lenses of chrome from 5' to 6' wide occur irregularly, in serpentine, 
 along a north-south strike for a distance of 200'. Development work 
 consists of open cut work ¥ deep. Ore mined here by the Union Chrome 
 Company early in 1917 is reported to have assayed from 35 to 45% 
 Cr.Os. 
 
 Owned by Chas. and Andre Bonetti of Latrobe. 
 
 The Brandon property is in Sec. 8, T. 8 N., R. 9 E., M. D. M., four 
 miles east of Latrobe. It is owned by the Messrs. Brandon of Latrobe 
 and was leased to J. Burnett. 
 
 Chrome ore was mined by open cut from 4' to 16' deep. The ore 
 body was from 12" to 18" wide and 50' long. The owners believed 
 that they had bottomed the ore and had abandoned the work. Three cars 
 of ore had been shipped and 30 tons of 45% ore were piled near Flo- 
 nellis siding awaiting shipment. 
 
 Buzzard Mill. On the Levy-Darrington Ranch, four miles from 
 Mormon Island (near Folsom) an old 5-stamp quartz mill has been 
 remodeled as a test plant for chromite concentration. An Overstrom 
 Concentrator was put in below the stamps. Power is obtained from 
 two gas engines, one of 30 h. p. and one of 7 h. p. F. Gurney, Box 
 31, Folsom, is in charge. He plans to erect a new plant nearby. 
 
 The Cassiorni leases include mining privileges on properties owned 
 by C. F. Irish and the Southern Pacific Railroad in the NW. i of Sec. 
 23, T. 12 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M. The property lies 2 miles south of 
 Georgetown, at an elevation of 2380' on a low ridge. 
 
 Lenticular bodies of chrome ore had a strike of N. 30° E. and dip 
 E. 60°. They were being mined by 3 pits, one of which was 
 6' X 8' X 10' deep, another 4' x 4' x 6' deep, and a third 2' x 6' x 4' deep. 
 The property had been gophered for a distance of 75' and very little 
 ore was in sight. 
 
 Operated by Mr. Cassiorni of Richmond, Alameda County. 
 
 The Chaix chrome properties are in Sees. 12 and 14 of T. 8 N., 
 R. 9 E., M. D. M., about 3 miles east of Latrobe. They include 195 
 acres in Sec. 12 and 120 acres in Sec. 14. fl 
 
 Lenses of chrome ore in serpentine strike N. 20° E. and dip 70° E. : 
 Development work consisted of an open cut 3' to 6' wide, 14' deep and i 
 60' long at an elevation of 830'. Ore is exposed 3' wide, 4' deep and J 
 40' long. About 250' south of the main workings four open cuts had 
 been made 4' deep and 14' long. Five cars of 45 to 48% ore had been 
 shipped from these workings in Section 14. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 133 
 
 In section 12 about 20 tons of 43-45% ore had been mined and 
 hauled. 
 
 Owned by S. Chaix of Latrobe. 
 
 The Cowell property in Marble Valley, near Clarksville, is reported 
 to have yielded 4 cars of ore up to December, 1917. It is owned by 
 the Cowell Lime and Cement Company of San Francisco. 
 
 The Donnelly chrome workings are on a 160-acre lease, by P. Don- 
 nelly, Wm. Hathaway, J. C. Adams and G. W. Nielson, of property in 
 Sec. 21, T. 11 N., R. 8 E., M. D. M., belonging to the Southern Pacific 
 Railroad. The workings lie 10 miles northeast of Folsom at an ele- 
 vation of 1050' dr. 
 
 Lenticular shaped bodies of chrome ore were being mined by 8 men 
 provided with hand tools and windlass. The upper workings at an 
 elevation of 1060' consist of a 20' incline shaft on an ore body which 
 strikes N. 45° E., and dips 45° SE. One foot of clean high grade ore 
 was exposed on the hanging wall and 2' of a low grade mixed ore on 
 the footwall. 
 
 An ore body parallel to the first, lies 50' farther down the slope of 
 the hill. It has been cross-cut by two tunnels, one of which is 30' 
 south of the other. The ore is 16" thick where exposed at a depth of 
 15' below the surface in both tunnels, but narrows to 12" fifty feet 
 farther south. 
 
 At an elevation of 1020', farther down the slope of the hill, a 12" 
 vein had been opened up by five 10' pits along a distance of 75' and 
 one incline 16' deep, was equipped with a windlass. 
 
 An analysis of the ore taken from the various dumps by the Califor- 
 nia Ore Purchasing Company is as follows: 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Cr^Os 40.52% 
 
 SiOs — 6.60% 
 
 FeO 17.63% 
 
 ALOa 11.66% 
 
 MgO — 15.80% 
 
 CaO - 1.23% 
 
 Ignition loss 0.50% 
 
 ' 99.94% 
 
 The Forni property lies four miles west of Latrobe in the NW. .{ of 
 T. 8 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M. It was said to be leased to the Union 
 Chrome Company, who intended to develop the prospects. 
 
 Owned by J. C. Forni of Latrobe. 
 
 The Freeman property is in the SE. ^ of Sec. 24, T. 8 N., R. 9 E., 
 M. D. M., about eight miles southeast of Latrobe a't an elevation of 
 590'. 
 
134 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 A lens of chrome, in serpentine, striking north-soutli, and pitching 
 85° W. was mined by an opencut 2'-3' deep and 30' long. A few tons 
 of ore were shipped. The deposit was small and when the lens nar- 
 roM^ed work was abandoned. Owned by Mr. Freeman of Latrobe. 
 
 Geisendorfer & Schwartz having opened up chrome properties near 
 Latrobe and Clarksville, w^ere in June, 1918, building a 50-ton concen- 
 trating mill at Folsom to treat their low grade ores. The receiving 
 ore-bin has a capacity of 300 tons, and there is an additional 'service 
 bin' of 40 tons. Ore is received by rail and by auto trucks; and after 
 passing through a jaAv crusher is raised by a bucket elevator to the 
 service bin, where it is fed to the ball-mill. From the ball-mill the 
 pulp passes to concentrating tables. Water is obtained from the Fol- 
 som city mains. 
 
 The Glenn property adjoins that of P. B. Murphy southeast of 
 Latrobe. It is said to have been prospected for chrome by a 20' open- 
 cut, but the extent of the low grade chrome bearing belt has not been 
 determined. 
 
 The property is owned by P. E. and Margaret Glenn of Latrobe, who 
 had leased it to R. Nicol of San Francisco for mining purposes. 
 
 The Green chrome mine, formerly worked as the Neptune Gold 
 Mine, is in the SE. \ of Sec. 19, T. 13 N., R. 11 E., M. D. M., 1| miles 
 
 Photo No. 24. Washing chrome ore at Green property, near Volcanoville, El Dorado County. 
 
 south of Volcanoville at an elevation of 2730'. The property consists 
 of 8 claims, on Government land, on one of which chrome has been 
 found. It was located by "W. C. Green of Georgetown and leased to 
 D. C. Norcross, Secretarj^ of the Western Iron and Fuel Company, 
 430 California St., San Francisco. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 135 
 
 A crosscut tiinuel in the old gold mine cut a chimney of chrome ore 
 at a depth of 180' below its outcrop. A 25' winze has been sunk on 
 the ore below the tunnel level. The ore body was 5' x 6' where cut by 
 the tunnel and 2' x 8' in the face of a raise 25' above. The ore 
 appears to be continuous to the surface. 
 
 Water power is used to run a ventilator fan for the mine. The 
 property is equipped with a blacksmith shop and mine car. A table 
 is used for washing the ore, which is stored in a bin. 
 
 Two men had mined over 100 tons of 45% ore during the mouth end- 
 ing June 13, 1917. Of this 50 tons were stored in the mine, and about 
 60 tons were in the ore bin ready to haul. The ore was to be hauled 
 37 miles to Auburn, costing about 30^ per ton mile. One-half mile of 
 new road had recently been built to the property. 
 
 The Hoff property is in Sec. 30 of T. 8 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M., five 
 miles southeast of Latrobe at an elevation of 635'. It includes two 
 claims owned by Jas. O'Brien, Peter Hoff and Chas. Ybright. 
 
 Photo No. 25. Alpine Chrome Claim, of Hoff Group. El Dorado County, showing width of 
 
 vein, and ore pile at right. 
 
 A lens of chrome ore on the Alpine claim strikes east-west and the 
 west end swings N. 60° W. The ore body is 10' wide in the center, and 
 56' long, tapering at both ends. There appeared to be about 233 tons 
 of 33% ore in sight. 
 
 An ore body on the Cosumnes claim has been developed by a 10' 
 open cut on a side hill from which one-half car of ore had been shipped. 
 •Some ore still remained to be worked. 
 
136 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Approximately 150 tons of ore had been, or was being, shipped up to 
 June 1, 1917. The ore was said to have been sold to the Union Chrome 
 Company of San Francisco, and to average 33% Cr^Oa. 
 
 The Irish ranch is five miles southwest of Cummings in Sees. 7 and 
 8 of T. 9 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M Chrome ore, striking north-south, has 
 been developed by two 20' pits. Three cars of 35% ore w^ere mined 
 and shipped from Cummings in 1917 by the American Refractories 
 Company. 
 
 The Joerger property is in Sec. 35, T. 10 N., R. 8 E., M. D. M., 
 1^ miles northwest of Clarksville at an elevation of 990'. It is owned 
 by Ella M. Joerger of 5808 Ocean View Drive, Oakland, and leased to 
 Bert Fitch, John C. Evans and George Rickard of Clarksville. 
 
 A lenticular body of chrome ore in serpentine was exposed, striking 
 N. 30° W. and dipping east 68°. It had been open cut from 4' to 8' 
 deep and 110' long, being 12' wide near the top. The ore body had 
 pinched in the bottom of the workings and the lessees did not intend 
 to go much deeper, although another ore body could probably be found. 
 It was reported, in December, 1917, that work had been carried to a 
 depth of 48 feet on good ore. 
 
 The lessees shipped 47 tons of 38% ore to the American Refractories 
 Company and had about 40 tons of ore on the dump in June, 1917, 
 
 The Kelly property is in the NE. i of Sec. 16, T. 11 N., R. 8 E., 
 M. D. M., near Rattlesnake Bar, 6 miles southeast of Newcastle, at an 
 elevation of 560'. It is oAvned by M. A. Kelly of Auburn. 
 
 Chromic oxide occurs disseminated throughout a siliceous serpen- 
 tinized rock. About 25 tons of 28% ore have been mined by two pits, 
 one 5' X 12' X 10' deep and another 3' x 5' x 4' deep. There appeared 
 to be about 12 tons of a similar ore in sight. It was said that another 
 prospect on a hill north of these workings might yield ore of a higher 
 grade. i 
 
 The McCurdy property is in the NW. | of Sec. 8, T. 11 N., R. 10 E., 
 M. D. M., 2 miles north of Coloma at an elevation of 1900'. It is 
 owned by Mr. IMcCurdy of Garden Valley and leased to F. A. Cassiorni 
 of Georgetown and P. Michelsen. 
 
 Lenticular bodies of chrome ore striking N. 10° E. and pitching 80° 
 E., had been developed. A lens of ore 18" wide and 10' long was 
 exposed by an open cut 30' long. Southwest of this a body of low 
 grade ore was exposed by a 20' opencut. To the north, a pit 8' deep 
 exposes high grade ore, of which 25 tons of 45% ore had been mined 
 and was in a pile. 
 
 The Murphy property is in the SE. i of Sec. 14, T. 8 N., R. 9 E.", 
 M. D. M., 2 mile^ southeast of Latrobe. Chrome occurs on a 160 acre 
 portion of a 420 acre patent owned by P. B. Murphy, Mrs. T. P. Mur- 
 
 i 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 137 
 
 phy and daughters. The mineral rights had been bonded to R. Nicol 
 of San Francisco, in May 1917, and work was to be commenced in 60 
 days. 
 
 A belt of low grade chroiiie-])eariiig serpentine has a N. 20"^ E. direc- 
 tion. It had been prospected by shallow trenches across the center and 
 two ends. The material as exposed is of low grade down to 6' in depth, 
 with stringers, up to 12" in width, of a higher grade ore running up 
 into it. The deposit is about 27' wide across the center and 200' long 
 and there should be approximately 2250 tons of workable material of 
 over 20% CrjO.. down to a depth of 20 feet, allowing for lenticularity. 
 
 lif At Nig-ger Hill, on the Burnett ranch, the Noble Electric Steel Com- 
 pany has recently completed a chromite concentrating plant. From a 
 Blake crusher the ore goes to a 50-ton ball mill fitted with continuous 
 screen of 12 mesh. The pulp goes without classification to two Wilfley 
 tables, then to a Senn concentrator. This plant has just been put in 
 operation (May, 1918), so no opinion can be expressed as to its success 
 or to run of ore and concentrate. If performance comes up to present 
 expectations, the plant will probably be enlarged to handle 150 tons 
 daily.^ 
 
 The Ogle property is in the NE. i of See. 18, T. 13 N., R. 11 E., 
 M. D. M., one mile south of Volcanoville at an elevation of 3100'. It 
 is owned by E. C. and W. H. Ogle of Volcanoville, and was worked in 
 May, 1917, by the .Union Chrome Company of San Francisco, whose 
 lease has since expired. 
 
 Chrome lenses striking north-south in serpentine had been open cut to 
 a depth of approximately 20', irregularly, for a distance of 75'. About 
 47 tons of 45% ore were shipped from Auburn, a distance of 36 miles. 
 Hauling is said to have cost 30 cents per ton mile. 
 
 The Pilliken property is in Sec. 28, T. 11 N., R. 8 E., M. D. M., of the 
 Salmon Falls district. It lies nine miles northeast of Folsom at eleva- 
 tions ranging from 800' to 1200'. It will be noted that barometric 
 elevations given here do not correspond with those given for this prop- 
 erty in our report on Sacramento County ; those given here are believed 
 to be more nearly correct since the others were taken during a threat- 
 ening storm. The chrome deposits are owned by Geo. Pilliken and 
 others of FoLsom, but leased to the Noble Electric Steel Company of 995 
 Market St., San Francisco. 
 
 Chimneys and lenses of chrome ore in serpentine have been developed 
 by open cuts, incline shafts and tunnels as follows : 
 
 The No. 1 or lower workings are in the NE. corner of the NW. i of 
 Sec. 28. An orebody striking N. 25 W. has been developed by a 150' 
 
 'A new mill of sturdier construction is being installerl here and pi-oduction is 
 delayed. 
 
138 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 tunnel running N. 30° E. Eighty feet from the tunnel entrance a 30' 
 raise extends to the surface and the ore appeared to have been mined 
 out ; this orebodj^ struck east-west and pitched 40° N. and was followed 
 downward by an incline to a depth of 70', below the tunnel level, where 
 ore is exposed 2' wide along 12' of the lower workings ; this incline is 20' 
 east of the tunnel and 90' from its entrance, being connected with it 
 by drift. 
 
 In the face of the 150' tunnel, at a distance of 80' from the first, is a 
 second parallel ore shoot followed by a 70' raise to the surface; 30' 
 from the surface two 10' drifts have followed the ore for 30' east and 
 west. The ore exposed is somewhat mixed with serpentine, but is from 
 2' to 4' wide and averages 40% CrjO.. This same orebody has been 
 
 Photo No. 26. Chrome mines on the Pilliken property, El Dorado County. 
 
 followed by open cut on the surface, at an elevation of 840' from 3' to 
 8' deep ; the ore exposed is from 2' to 3' wide and somewhat mixed with 
 serpentine and granular ore. A 10' shaft from this level shows a good 
 lenticular shaped orebody opening up from 6" wide at the tunnel 
 level to 5' in the bottom of the shaft. This ore will probably be worked 
 by a raise from the lower tunnel. 
 
 At an elevation of 860', 75' northwest of the last described workings, 
 a 50' tunnel has been run due north cutting a body of chrome, striking 
 N. 10° W., and pitching east 45°. The orebody exposed is 12" wide 
 and consists of a high grade ore mixed somewhat with serpentine and 
 tremolite. In the face of the tunnel the ore is exposed 12" Avide for 6' 
 across the face and 24' along the floor of the tunnel. Ore is also exposed 
 2' wide in a 35' up-raise to the surface on the southeast side of the 
 tunnel; this orebody is offset from the one exposed near the surface. 
 There was 10 tons of ore on the dump. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 139 
 
 To the northeast the old upper workings or glory-hole appeared to 
 be about cleaned out, except for a few small stringers which are being 
 prospected to the northeastward. Below this at an elevation of 900' a 
 50' open cut has been run into the liill along a direction N. 20° E., 
 opening up some mixed ore in the face, which is 20' high. This has been 
 mined by a 50' east-M^est cross-cut, 10' from the entrance of which a 
 cros.s-stringer was being followed, by a drift; this 16-foot west drift 
 had exposed ore 12" wide for a distance of 5' along the face. The 
 same orebody extends eastward, tOAvards the old workings, but has not 
 been developed. It has promise of widening out with depth. About 25 
 tons of ore were on the dump. 
 
 At an elevation of 885' about 150' south of the old glory-hole work- 
 ings a large body of 40-45% ore has been exposed. The orebody strikes 
 N. 40° AV. and has been stoped for a distance of 50' following chimnej^s 
 of ore to the surface. The ore is worked through a tunnel below. 
 
 A 50' incline with entrance at an elevation of 875' follows an orebody 
 which showed a 12' face in November, 1916. These workings have now 
 been extended 10' deeper and chrome ore is exposed 15' thick and 20' 
 wide with no indication of pinching. The footwall strikes eavSt-west. 
 
 West of the above described orebody is an ore-shoot striking N. 80° E., 
 and pitching 55° NW. The main working tunnel cuts the' ore near its 
 entrance where a 12" vein is exposed. It widens to the northeast and 
 has been followed down 40' by an incline, at the face of which 2' to 3' 
 of ore is exposed. The ore is also cut at a distance of 40' farther north, 
 by a 20' tunnel, and has been followed down by a 25' incline. The ore 
 between these two tunnels has been stoped to the surface, but is blocked 
 out below and the ore would average about 38% Cr^Os. 
 
 South of the main working tunnel (Elev. 860') an incline has followed 
 this same orebody down to 50' below the surface. The orebody mined was 
 20' thick and 30' long and 1' of ore was left exposed on the hanging wall. 
 Ore exposed on the south face averaged 2' wide and 20' long. The lens 
 strikes N.-S. wnth a dip of 20° E. and it appears as though it might make 
 an ore-shoot to the south. 
 
 The No. 2 developments are on the south side of the hill, one-half mile 
 southeast of No. 1, where some old workings are being opened up. At 
 an elevation of 830' a 30' shaft was sunk on a N.-S. orebody, pitching 
 40° E. The orebody averages 4' thick in the bottom, the greatest width 
 being 10' at the center ; it tapers to 1' wide in 16' down the pitch to the 
 east. About 15 tons of 40% granular ore had been taken out in the last 
 two weeks of May, 1917. A 2' stringer to the east is going to be 
 opened by a new .shaft; old workings were carried only to the water 
 level. At an elevation of 840' about 500' east of the new 30' shaft is an 
 old 20' shaft sunk in the early days; ore exposed in the bottom is said 
 to be 3' thick and 12' long, striking N.-S. and pitching east 35\ 
 
140 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 No. 3 workings lie at an elevation of 995' on the upper slope of the« 
 hill, approximately one-half a mile due north of No. 2 workings. An™ 
 old open cut 10' deep has followed a body of chrome ore for 90' along 
 its strike. The orebody pitched 68° east and was partially worked by a 
 tunnel. About 3' of mixed ore was being opened up in the hanging wall 
 near the center of the old workings and one ton of 45% ore was on * 
 the dump. If the main orebody has not already been worked, by tunnel 
 on the lower level, probabl.y considerable ore remains. This same ore- 
 body has been opened up by an old 20' tunnel for a distance of 30' anc 
 has been traced by two open cuts for 30' farther northward. 
 
 No. 4 workings are about 500' south of No. 3 at an elevation of 950'.] 
 An 80' incline has followed an orebody striking N. 35° W. The lengj 
 is 4' wide in the center and 20' long, tapering irregularly to 10" inj 
 width at each end. About 275 tons of ore averaging 43% Cr203 had] 
 been taken out. A 16' incline shaft to the north had followed an ore-l 
 body 1' thick and 8' long; a stringer Avas followed eastward for 25'] 
 where another orebody of considerable promise was being opened up. 
 
 No. 5 workings consist of an old 16' incline shaft, in a ravine, 200'] 
 east of No. 4. It follows a body of leopard chrome which is exposed] 
 on both sides of the shaft. This was not being worked. In the saddle] 
 of the hill about 500' southwest of No. 4 is a prospect of leopard] 
 chrome as yet undeveloped. 
 
 The ore is hauled nine miles to Folsom in 2|^-ton motor trucks for] 
 $2.50 per ton. Approximately 3750 tons of ore had been produced by 
 the property up to June 6, 1917. Eleven cars per month were being] 
 shipped and 30 men were employed. The last seven cars shipped each] 
 carried over 46 tons of ore averaging over 43% CrjOg and 7% SiOj.] 
 The concentrating plant here will be enlarged by adding two vinits,] 
 giving a total capacity of 150 tons of ore daily. Water for milling will] 
 be taken from American River. 
 
 The PfeifFer property is in the N. 1 of Sec. 13, T. 8 N., R. 9 E.,j 
 M. D. M., three miles east of Latrobe at an elevation of 500'. It is| 
 owned by Wm. Pfeiffer of Latrobe, and leased to the Union Chrome] 
 Company of San Francisco. 
 
 A lens of chrome was exposed, striking N. 30° E. and pitching] 
 85° S.E., in serpentine. It was developed by an open cut 3' to 6' wide,] 
 6' to 10' deep and 30' long. About 30 tons of ore had been shipped and] 
 there were 50 tons on the dump. 
 
 The Pilot Hill property is in the S. i of Sec. 6, T. 11 N., R. 9 E.,] 
 M. D. M., nine miles southeast of Auburn, Placer County. It is ownec 
 by John Revoir and Frank Costa of Pilot Hill and had been leased to^ 
 the Union Chrome Company of San Francisco. The lessees are reported 
 
t 
 
 MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 141 
 
 lo have shipped about 200 tons of ore from the property in 1010. The 
 development work was shallow. 
 
 The Placer Chrome Company own or lease properties in Sees. 15, 
 ]6, 21 and 22 of T. 11 N., R. 8 E., M. D. M., 8 miles southeast of New- 
 castle, Placer County. Those interested are R. H. Farmer of 
 Newcastle, superintendent and general manager; W. P. Netherton, 
 treasurer; and Stanley Swanton. The holdings include 950 acres 
 purchased from the Holmes Lime Company; a 1600 acre lease from 
 the Zantgraff Gold Mining Company; a 2880 acre lease of the 
 Steele property ; a 1500-1600 acre lease from Lovejoy and Stevens, and 
 IGO acres of railroad land in Section 21. 
 
 Lenticular shaped bodies of chrome ore occurring irregularly in ser- 
 pentine have been opened up by tunnels, shafts and open cuts. On the 
 south side of Granite Ravine a 45' shaft has followed a N.-S. vein, which 
 has been stoped for 40'. The ore is exposed 3' wide in the bottom of 
 the workings and in the south face w^iere it appears to extend for from 
 10' to 20' farther south as indicated on the surface. 
 
 On the north side of the Granite Ravine, on the southwestern portion 
 of a ridge, elevation 1000', is a shaft 16' deep with a 14' drift to the 
 north. The ore shoot struck N. 20° W., and pitched 35° E. The ore 
 appeared to have pinched, but may open up with deeper work. Four 
 tons of 30% ore were on the dump. A tunnel 150' farther south fol- 
 lowed a stringer of chrome ore for 60', but it pinched out. 
 
 At a distance of 75' northwest a pit 20' deep and 10' in diameter 
 carried low grade ore, but it was not being worked. Shallow pits have 
 followed this low grade ore for 100' farther north. Approximately 100' 
 northeast a 20' incline was run southwest in ore averaging 38% ; the 
 ore body is banded and granular and strikes N. 30° W. with a pitch 
 40° SW. 
 p On the east slope of this same ridge in a direction N. 25° E. from the 
 incline last mentioned, is a stope 5' x 26' following an ore body striking 
 N. 30° AV. and pitching 70° SW. The ore consisted of 3' or more of 
 chromite mixed with more or less serpentine. Eight tons of ore were 
 in a pile. Api^roximately 30' SB. of the latter stope is another follow^- 
 ing an ore body, 3' wide, for 16' along the strike ; it is 50' deep and has 
 been stoped for a distance of 30' in the lower 28'. The ore averages 
 28" wide in both the north and south faces and is exposed at both ends 
 along the lower 20'. The ore shoot appears to persist in the bottom of 
 the workings. Equipment consisted of a windlass. Six tons of ore 
 were in the pile. 
 i||- On the west slope of the same ridge, at an elevation of 980', the 
 northernmost workings consisted of a 30' stope along a NS. ore body 
 which occurred in irregular kidneys. A 26' open cut led from a wind- 
 
 h 
 
142 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 lass to the ore pile whore 25 tons of 38% ore were corded. Approxi- 
 mately 40' south of this a similar open cut and stope had developetl 
 similar ore and 25 tons were corded. About 60' south of the last work- 
 ings a 30' open cut led to two 20' drifts, north and south, which fol- 
 loAved an ore body. In the south face of the south drift the ore was 
 lenticular, being 4' high and 4' wnde at the bottom. The ore was gran- 
 ular and mixed wdth serpentine. In the north drift the ore was simi- 
 larly streaked and granular and the face showed ore 6' high and 3' 
 wide, w^hich averaged about 38% CroOj. 
 
 Photo No. 27. Chromite concentrating mill of Placer Chrome Company at Rattlesnake Bar, 
 El Dorado County, June 4, 1918, after enlargement. 
 
 Equipment at the mines consists of hand tools and windlass. An 1890' 
 gravity tramw'ay was installed in September, 1917, for lowering the ore 
 to two 50 ton ore bins. Ore averaging 35% or over is trucked direct 
 to New^castle for shipment, wiiile the lower grade is trucked a mile and 
 a quarter to a concentration mill, near Rattlesnake Bar. 
 
 The mill consists of a 3'x6' grizzly, 8"xl2" Blake crusher, Hendy 
 self-feeder and 4'x5' ball mill, 2 Deister-Overstrom concentrators and 
 1 Deister-Simplex sand concentrator. The crusher and mill are run by 
 a 20 h.p. Fairbanks-Morse engine, while the tables are driven by a 
 4 h.p. gas engine. AVater for the mill is pumped from the American 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
MANGANESE AND .CHROMIUM. 143 
 
 jlivcr, iioar Huttlcsiiake l)i'i(l!4('. by a (> h.p. «ins cii'jiiic. 'I'li(> plant cost 
 ill the neighborhood of $18,0U().' 
 
 The ore being tested by the phint averaged about 20% Cr^O;. and a 
 concentrate better than 40% was being produced, leaving 10% in the 
 tailings. Probably a 50% concentrate and a cleaner discard will be 
 made as the adjustment of the various units of the plant becomes more 
 perfect. 
 
 Forty-two men were employed, including those at the mill, the last of 
 September, 1917. About 6 carloads of crude ore per month were being 
 shipped. -The mill had not yet been placed on a producing basis. 
 
 The Schelly property is in the NE. i of Sec. 5, T. 11 N., R. 10 E., 
 M. D. M., two miles north of Coloma at an elevation of 1880'. It is 
 owned by L. M. Schelly, assistant district attorney, Sacramento. 
 
 A lenticular body of black siliceous, low grade chrome ore strikes 
 N. 20° E. It had been open cut for a width of 16' and a length of 40'. 
 
 Considerable ore had been mined and hauled by the Union Chrome 
 Company of San Francisco, but the property was idle when visited. It 
 was said that parties had a contract to mine a body of ore which was 
 exposed and held some promise. 
 
 The Simpson ranch includes some chrome deposits in Sec. 13, 
 T. 10 N., R. 8 E., J\I. D. M., 9 miles east of Folsom at an elevation of 
 850'. The deposits are leased on royalty basis by F. Fleishbein and L. 
 Kinney of Folsom. 
 
 Lenticular bodies of chrome ore occur, along a contact of serpentine 
 and schist, striking NS. and dipping 55° E. An ore body being worked 
 was 28" wide, 16' long and 20' deep with ore exposed in the bottom. 
 A 12" body of ore had been traced by shallow shafts for a distance of 
 75' northward and 200' southward. About 35 tons of 35% ore had been 
 mined and corded for shipment. 
 
 W. L. Stifle has done some shallow surface work in the SE. | of Sec. 
 23, T. 12 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M., about 1 mile southeast of the Cassiorni 
 lease, and 3 miles south of Georgetown. About 4 tons of 35% ore had 
 been corded for shipment. 
 
 The Tropper ranch chrome deposits are in the NE. | of Sec. 32, 
 T. 12 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M., 1^ miles west of Garden Valley at an ele- 
 vation of 1950'. Two claims were located by Dave Shepard on the 
 homestead of Frank Tropper of Greenwood. They had been leased to 
 the Union Chrome Company of San Francisco, who are reported to have 
 shipped 110 tons of ore. 
 
 'Since the above was written the capacity of this plant has been doubled to 100 
 tons per day (see Photo No. 27), by the addition of a gyratory cruslier, rolls, another 
 ball-mill, and 5 'Overstrom Mineral Concentrators' (a new table, built by the Hendy 
 I Iron V^orks). A Frenier sand-dump elevates the middlings for re-treatment. Elec- 
 tric power is used. 
 
144 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 A 40' incline shaft exposed 3' of ore in the hanging wall along the 
 lower 30'. The lens is probably 10' long and pinches at either end. 
 A 16' vertical shaft with a 12' incline, 14' south of the first, shows no 
 ore, but the lens mined appeared to have pitched 50° to the east. 
 
 The Wiley property consists of a 220-acre patent in Sees 1 and 10, 
 and a lease on a location in Sec 11 of T. 10 N., R. 9 E., M. D. M. It is 
 owned by D. E. Wiley of Folsom and leased to Mr. Gill and others who 
 were prospecting with open cuts and pits. Three men were working 
 in June, 1917, and 15 tons of 45% ore are said to have been mined from 
 Sec. 1 and sold. 
 
 Zanini Bros, of Latrobc, have a deposit of low grade chrome on their 
 property in the W. -J of Sec. 35, T. 9 N., E. 9 E., M. D. M. A 20' shaft 
 had been sunk, but the ore was of too low grade to ship. 
 
 FRESNO COUNTY. 
 
 The Carson and Sweet prospect is near Watts Valley on property 
 owned by Mr. Hyde of the Visalia Bank. It is leased by Frank Carson 
 of the Visalia Land and Investment Company. Two promising chrome 
 ore bodies are reported to have been found, and development work was 
 to be started. The same party is reported to have chrome bearing 
 properties in the Pine Flat district. 
 
 The Franks property is in the Pine Flat district in Sec. 25, T. 12 S., 
 R. 24 E., M. D. M., 6 miles northeast of Piedra. The workings are on 
 the slope of a hill on the property of J. R. Franks of Piedra. 
 
 An irregular body of chrome ore 2' thick occurs in serpentine. The 
 ore was being mined by J. Rice W'ho paid 50 cents per ton for sledding 
 of the ore down the hill and $2.50 per ton for hauling it to Piedra. 
 The ore w-as being sold for $13 per ton, loaded on the car at Piedra. 
 
 Messrs. Woods, Blazel and McGee are said to have shipped 4 cars of 
 ore from the Pine Flat district in 1916. 
 
 The Mineral Resources Corporation of America, Ralph E. Hyatt, 
 president, Hughes Hotel, Fresno, hold the Lacy property in Sec. 19, T. 
 11 S., R. 24 E., M. D. M. It was leased by the Union Chrome Company 
 of San Francisco until February, 1917. 
 
 Chimneys of chrome ore have been mined by open cuts ami pits, and 
 it is reported that 500 tons were shipped in March and 200 tons in 
 April. Eight men were employed in May, four of whom were driving 
 a tunnel 200' long with the idea of cutting ore at a depth of 100' below 
 the surface. 
 
 The Rhodes, Byles and Gribble mining property is near Condon Peak, 
 at an elevation of 4500', in the SE. corner of Sec. 35, T. 18 S., R. 12 E., 
 M. D. M., about 28 miles northwest of Coalinga. It consists of 1 claim 
 
 li 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 145 
 
 1 on the property of the Aurora Quicksilver Company, leased by L. H. 
 I Khodes, C. N. Gribble and Mr. Byles of Coalinga. 
 
 I Chromite occurs as shoots and nodules in greenish white serpentine. 
 I The ore varies from small high grade bodies running 45% and over 
 ■ to low grade disseminated, granular deposits. A large tonnage of ore 
 i should be available, but the mining cost will be high on account of the 
 1 scattered character of the ore. 
 
 The deposits had been open cut, by hand labor, on the slopes of a 
 
 I ridge. The ore is hoisted to the top of the ridge in a one-ton car by a 
 
 ] distillate engine. Approximately 20 tons of ore were taken from one 
 
 j ore body and a total of 90 tons had been shipped from the property up 
 
 to May, 1917. It is reported that the costs of mining and hauling to 
 
 Coalinga were high and that the early shipments being poorly sorted 
 
 did not pay expenses. 
 
 The Snyder property, in the Pine Flat District, is reported to have 
 yielded 10 tons of float chrome which had been sledded down to Hughes 
 Creek, but not shipped as yet. Owaied by R. S. Snyder of Piedra. 
 
 The Watts Valley region had yielded nearly 3000 tons of high grade 
 chrome ore, up to jMay 4, 1917, under the development carried on by 
 the Union Chrome Company of San Francisco. The properties lie 
 mostly in Sec. 19, T. 11 S., R. 24 E., M. D. M. 
 
 The Clara H. patent is owned by Messrs. Spear and Laffinger of San 
 Francisco. It had been developed by a 100' shaft, and a chimney of ore 
 6' X 10' had been mined out to within 15' of the surface. Con- 
 siderable open cut work had been done on the surface adjoining the 
 shaft. At least 75 tons of ore nnmined were exposed by the deeper 
 workings. 
 
 The Camden claim is on government land developed by open cut 3' 
 wide and 20' long along the ore body. The depth of the ore could not 
 be determined, but at least 50 tons were in sight. 
 
 The Rock Wren claim is on government land. It was being worked 
 by contract for $4.00 per ton for ore carrying 30-35% Cr^Oa and $15 
 per ton for ore of 35% and over. The ore body was 2' mde and from 
 50' to 60' long, and at least 83 tons of chromite were in sight. 
 
 The Second Thought claim is on government land. About 10 tons of 
 ore were exposed by a body 20" wide, 10' long and 4' deep. 
 
 "When visited in May, 1917, thirteen miners were employed at $3.25 
 per day. About one ton per man was being taken out each day. Haul- 
 ing to Clovis from the Clara II. patent cost $5.50 per ton, while hauling 
 from the Rock Wren claim cost $4.00 per ton with 75 cents per ton for 
 sledding. 
 
 10— 3S958 
 
146 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 New Mills. Since the field work for this report was completed, we", 
 have been advised of plans for the early eonstrnetion of three chromite' 
 concentrating plants. These will be built by C. E. McBride of Sanger, 
 L. R. Payne, Associated Warehouse, Fresno, and C. S. Snow, Academy. 
 
 GLENN COUNTY. 
 
 Deposits of chromite occur in the serpentine belt which follows the' 
 eastern slope of the Coast Range Mountains, down through Tehama, 
 Glenn, Lake and Napa counties. All of the chrome produced in Glenn 
 County was mined from the Black Diamond Group described below. 
 Other deposits have been located, but they have as yet yielded no 
 commercial output. Prospecting for chromite will undoubtedly dis- 
 close other bodies, -as the soil in the water courses of the serpentine 
 areas often contains considerable chromite. The belt in which the 
 serpentine occurs is rather rugged and covered with shrubbery, so 
 that prospecting is difficult. 
 
 The Black Diamond Group, comprising 14 mineral claims, is in 
 Section 25, T. 22 N., R. 7 AV., 18 miles by road northwest of Fruto, 
 the shipping point. The deposits lie near the summit of Red Hill, over 
 1000 ft. in elevation above the bunkers at the foot of the mountain. 
 Chrome ore was first mined here by J. R. Whitlock and F. Oakes, during 
 the early nineties, and up to 1894 over 3000 tons were shipped out. 
 The property then lay idle until it was taken over by the present 
 owners in 1916. It was worked part of that year and late in the fall all 
 operations ceased. It is again idle. 
 
 The deposits occur in the form of large irregular lenses in ser- 
 pentine, the chromite often being so intermixed with the country 
 rock that there is no sharp line of demarcation between them. The limits 
 of the ore bodies are determinable solely by their commercial value. 
 Five dififerent deposits have thus far been developed, the richer parts 
 having been exhausted. There now remains considerable ore which 
 probably contains less than 30% chromic oxide, in the several irreg- 
 ular open cuts or quarries. The largest body of chromite now exposed 
 is on the Black Diamond claim. Small crystals of chromite are irreg- 
 ularly disseminated throughout the walls of an open cut, whose face 
 is 25 to 40 ft. high and about 60 ft. across. It is absolutely impossible 
 to determine the amount of this ore available, as there has been no 
 further development. Undoubtedly sufficient tonnages could be devel- 
 oped to warrant concentration of the low grade ore, which would increase 
 its value and make it easily marketable. Water for milling purposes 
 would have to be brought in from the valley below, as there are only 
 a couple of small springs on the claims. 
 
 ' 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 147 
 
 The ore was liauled down the inountaiii sid(> by trains, as tlic grades 
 are too heavy for the operation of motor trueks. It was dumped into 
 bunkers below and there loaded into the trueks for the haul to Fruto. 
 The old wagon road about two miles up the mountaiu side has been 
 washed out and would practically have to be rebuilt before any hauling 
 could be done over it. Owner, California Chrome Company, Kohl Bldg., 
 San Francisco; J. B. Huffard is president. 
 
 Bibl.: Repts. XII, p. 36; XIV, p. 194; Bull. 38, p. 268. 
 
 Photo No. 28. Black Diamond Chrome Mine, Glenn County, being worked by the 
 
 California Chrome Company. 
 
 Conklin and Williams Claims. Wells Conklin and Ed Williams of 
 Xewville, Cal., located two claims in Sec. 3, T. 22 N., R. 7 W., 30 miles 
 west of Orland. There is a good auto road to the Conklin Ranch house, 
 two miles from the claims, which are reached over a poor trail. The 
 chromite occurs as small bunches or lenses in the serpentine. On the 
 Salt Creek claim, a small open cut 4 ft. across exposes an orebody 
 2 ft. in width. About one ton of ore is lying on the dump. At the 
 Twin Rock Claim, three-fourths of a mile north of the former, six small 
 ]('n.ses were mined yielding about 100 tons of high grade ore. It is 
 lying on the various dumps. J. A. Heslewood of Oakland, has a lease 
 on these claims but they were not being worked when visited and no 
 <ire had been shipped. 
 
I 
 
 148 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 HUMBOLDT COUNTY. 
 
 Horse Mountain Copper Mine. Since the closing of the field work 
 for this bulletin, reports state that a deposit of chromite has been 
 opened up in the serpentine area on the property of the Horse Moun- 
 tain Copper Company, about 25 miles N. of E. from Eureka ; and that 
 shipments of ore are being made. 
 
 LAKE COUNTY. 
 
 The occurrence of chromite in Lake County was known previous to 
 1888* but the deposits up to within the last few j^ears were of no par-l 
 ticular commercial importance, due to their great distance from ship-l 
 ping points. Lake County is not traversed by a railroad, so that all 
 freight to or from the county is hauled by teams or motor trucks from 
 points in the Napa Valley, or from stations along the Northwestern 
 Pacific Ilailroad in Mendocino County. This necessarily makes freight 
 rates high and the deposits could only be worked under the most ad- 
 vantageous market conditions. 
 
 Commercial production started in 1916, and the county is at present 
 an important producer. Production was stimulated by the Sawyer Tan- 
 ning Companj', who having a plant at tidewater at Napa, use the 
 chromite for acid compounds in tanning purposes. Practically all of, 
 the chromite now mined in the county is shipped to the tannery at Napa, 
 the Sawyer Tanning Company, itself, mining under leases most of the 
 deposits. 
 
 The chromite occurs as lenses of hard black ore, containing little or no . 
 serpentine and having a sharp contact with the surrounding serpen- ' 
 tine. It is high grade, usually averaging over 45% chromic oxide. The 
 lenses vary in size from small pockets to bodies of several hundred tons. 
 Of the latter, however, only two have thus far been uncovered. As the 
 serpentine areas are very extensive throughout the county, further 
 prospecting will undoubtedly reveal others. 
 
 Arthur Copsey et al., of Middletown, recently located three claims i 
 in the southwest quarter of Sec. 33, T. 12 N., R. 7 W., 23 miles north 
 of Calistoga, the nearest railroad station, and eight miles east of 
 Middletown. The chromite here occurs in the decomposed serpentine 
 along the top of a ridge, as small stringers varying from 2" to 1' in 
 width. The general trend of these stringers is north and south, and they 
 appear to be entirely superficial. Chromite sand is very abundant in 
 the soil capping over the ridge, particularly in the water courses, due 
 to the disintegration and Avashing away of the weathered serpentine, but 
 no large deposits have been found. The owners are mining the few 
 small deposits by shallow trenches, and have about 25 tons of ore on the 
 
 *Cal. State Min. Bur., Report VIIL P- 326. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 149 
 
 L.„ .„„... 
 
 ' to the old wagon road, whence it can be hauled by team to Calistoga. 
 No ore has, as yet, been shipped. 
 
 Fuqua and Bell Mine. See Lucky Strike Mine. 
 
 Great Western Mine. A deposit of chromite is being developed at 
 
 . this property which for many years was a large producer of quicksilver. 
 
 It is in Sec. 16, T. 10 N., R. 7 W., 16 miles by road north of Calistoga. 
 
 The orebody occurs in decomposed serpentine on the steep slopes of a 
 
 ii ridge at an elevation of 2350 ft., and several hundred feet above the old 
 
 j quicksilver mine workings. It is in the form of an irregular lens of 
 
 black chromite, very much fractured, and it breaks readily, being easily 
 
 mined by pick and shovel. In the face of the open cut, by which 
 
 it is being excavated, was exposed from 3' to 5 ft. of ore, over a length 
 
 of 15 feet, striking east and west. At the east end it divides into three 
 
 parallel stringers, each about one foot wide. These have been followed 
 
 for 50 ft. along their strike. There is a very heavy overburden here and 
 
 as the slope of the hill is over 45°, it is rapidly becoming heavier, so 
 
 that, for every ton of ore excavated, ten tons or more of dirt have to 
 
 be moved. Tunneling is impossible, as the country rock is soft and 
 
 decomposed that heavy timbering would be necessary, and there is not 
 
 sufficient ore exposed to warrant such expense. 
 
 To date about 125 tons of ore have been shipped to the Sawyer 
 Tanning Company. It averaged from 45% to 50% chromic oxide. 
 The ore is hauled by six-horse teams to Calistoga at a cost of $5.00 per 
 ton. Four men are employed. Henry Tucker et al., of Calistoga, 
 started operations in January, 1917, under lease from the owners, 
 Newhall Estate of San Francisco. 
 
 Harp and Sons Ranch. The Sawyer Tanning Company have 
 developed several rich pockets of chromite on this property, which is 
 in Section 20, T. 11 N., R. 7 W., 3 miles northwest of Middletown on 
 the Harbin Springs road. Fifty tons of ore, which is reported to have 
 run from 50% to 52% chromic oxide, were recently mined in open cuts 
 from a few lenses which have been exhausted. The company is pros- 
 pecting in the serpentine areas for other deposits. H. W. "Westendorf 
 is in charge of the mining operations for the company. 
 
 Lucky Strike Mine. It is in IMorgan Valley, in Section 24, T. 12 N., 
 R. 6 W., 60 miles by road north of Napa, at an elevation of about 2800 
 ft. above sea level. The deposit was located in 1916, by T. F. Fuqua 
 and R. E. Bell of Lower Lake, and 450 tons of high grade chromite 
 was hauled out to the Sawyer Tanning Company's plant that year. 
 In April, 1917, it was taken under lease by the above mentioned com- 
 pany, who, up to date, have produced over 700 tons of ore which is said 
 
150 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREALT. 
 
 Photo No. 29. Open cut at Lucky Strike (Fuqua and Bell) Chrome Mine, Lake County. 
 
 JUa, 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 Si— ^i^j^r^^; 
 
 
 , C V 
 
 Photo No. .•^0. Ore ready for shipment at Fuqua and Bell Chrome Mine, Lake County. ^ 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 151 
 
 to average over 45% chromic oxide. The greater portion of thi.s was 
 mined in a large cut from one bod^^ The cut is 60 ft. long, and the 
 deposit varied up to 8 ft. in width. AYhen visited, it had almost been 
 exhausted, as there was little ore remaining exposed in that i^^orking. 
 Several smaller kidneys are being developed, and there are numerous 
 small boulders of the chromite lying in the soft soil over the property, 
 which embraces throe mineral claims. About 200 tons of ore were 
 piled at the platform below the mine ready to be shipped. 
 
 The ore is hauled down the mountainside about :} mile by teams 
 to a loading platform, whence it is loaded into auto trucks and hauled 
 to Napa at a cost of 48.00 per ton. Ten men are employed. II. W. 
 Westendorf is Superintendent. 
 
 LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 ". Chromite is but little known in Los Angeles County. Only two occur- 
 rences have been reported ; one of which is one mile west of Harold Sta- 
 tion on the Southern Pacific Railroad, in T. 5 N., E. 11 W., S. B. B. & M. 
 The owner of one claim located on the deposit is Nick Evert, 1027 W. 
 Sixteenth St., Los Angeles. 
 
 Another is said to be quite close to the railroad station at Acton, 
 T. 5 N., R. 13 W. The ownership of this is unknown. 
 
 Bibl. : Cal. State :\Iin. Rept. XV. The Mineral Resources of Los 
 Angeles County, 1916. 
 
 MARIPOSA COUNTY. 
 
 Purcell-Griffin Mine. Shipments of chromite Avere begun early in 
 May, 1918, bj^ Thos. Purcell and Geo. Griffin from a deposit near 
 Pleasant Valley station on the Yosemite Valley Railroad, southeast of 
 Coulterville. This is the first production of chromite, of record, from 
 Mariposa County. It is reasonable to expect that others may follow, 
 as there are a number of serpentine lenses associated Avith the Mother 
 Lode gold belt in this county, similarly to the occurrences in the 
 districts to the north of this. 
 
 MENDOCINO COUNTY. 
 
 A few deposits of chromite are being developed in this county, but 
 to date there has been no production. The deposits are all rather inac- 
 cessible, usually being located close to the summits of high mountain 
 ranges. The serpentine areas in which they occur are extensive, par- 
 ticularly in the vicinity of Big Red ^Mountain, near the northwestern 
 border of the county. The difficulty with most of the ore is its low 
 grade, the richer ore occurring as small irregular veins or bunches in 
 tiiese low grade bodies. AVithout concentration, these deposits will 
 not become important producers, as the rich pockets are too small and 
 
152 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 irregularly deposited thronghout the serpentine areas to supply any' 
 large demand. 
 
 Big Red Mountain Deposits. This mountain covering Sections 18, 
 19, 20, 29, 30, 31 and 32, T. 21 N., R. 16 W., is capped with a soft, red, 
 decomposed serpentine soil in which occur abundant chromite boulders 
 and sand. This has led to the belief that there are large bodies of 
 chromite beneath, and, as a result, over a hundred claims have been 
 located. Those holding claims here at present are: •{ 
 
 Photo No. 31. 
 
 Summit of Red Mountain, Mendocino County, showing location of largest 
 lens of chromite found there. 
 
 Frank Asbil, Alex. Guthrie, and Mrs. Frank Root, Alder Point, Cal., - 
 45 claims. 
 
 E. Frazer of Cummings, 16 claims. 
 
 R. E. Roach of Cummings, 26 claims. 
 
 E. Winter, 522 Hearst Bldg., San Francisco, 30 claims. 
 
 During the summer, development work was being done at the 
 Asbil, Guthrie and Root claims. These extend along the summit of 
 the ridge for over a mile, varying in elevation from 4300 to 4700 feet 
 above sea level. The State Highway from Longvale to Garberville 
 (now in course of construction) passes 1 mile west of the group. The 
 claims are now reached by trail, 3 miles long from the Cummings- 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 153 
 
 Alderpoint Road. The nearest railroad station is Longvale, approx- 
 imately 30 miles by road to the sonth. Considerable float is found over 
 the mountain, and the soil shows traces of the chromite sand through- 
 out the claims. The owners state that the chromite content in this 
 soil varies from 1 to 2%. Ten lenses of high grade ore have, to date, 
 been uncovered. The largest of tliese is exposed by a shallow cut, over" 
 
 Photo No. 32. Asbil & Guthrie Chrome Claims, Mendocino County. Trench 
 exposes a lens of high-grade chromite, 4' wide and 10' long. 
 
 "an area 30 ft. wide and 60 ft. long. The depth is unknown, but it 
 appears to be in the form of a blanket lying almost flat, and will prob- 
 ably not be over a few feet in thickness. The other pockets or lenses 
 are exposed by trenches. They are all small, varying from 1 to 3 feet 
 in width and up to 6 feet in length. About 30 tons of the high grade 
 black chromite are lying on the several dumps. Samples of this ore 
 assayed by the Pacific Coast Steel Company showed 55.38% chromic 
 oxide and 0.68% silica. The owners expect to ship out the high grade 
 
154 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 ore and concentrate the richer portions of the soil. Water for concen- 
 tration purposes can be obtained from a large flowing spring on the 
 property. This is said to flow throughout the year. No concentration 
 tests have, as yet, been made, and it is very doubtful whether this 
 property will develop into a producer in the immediate future. 
 
 Graham Deposit. A group of nine claims was located in 1916 by 
 W. S. Graham of Ukiah, 4 miles northeast of Largo Station, near the 
 
 Photo No. 33. Large cropping of serpentine impregnated with minute chromite 
 
 crystals, on the Noble Electric Steel Company's lease, near the summit 
 
 of Red Mountain, southeast of Ukiah, Mendocino County. 
 
 summit of a ridge, which forms the divide between INIendoeino and 
 Lake counties at this point. The elevation is 4200 ft. above sea level, 
 over 3000 ft. above the floor of the valley. An old wagon road leads 
 to Avithin 1 mile of the claims, but it would have to be repaired before 
 any hauling could be done over it. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 155 
 
 , The cliromite occurs as small particles disseminated through ser- 
 " pentine, which outcrops along the top of the ridge in well defined 
 ledges, striking northwest and southeast. In places there are stringers 
 ( and kidneys of the gray ore, which appears to be fairly high grade, but 
 these are irregularly distributed and grade imperceptibly into the ser- 
 pentine. Judging from the amount of the low grade ore exposed in 
 the croppings, which can be traced at intervals for about ^ mile, 
 
 Photo No. 34. Tunnel at Noble Electric Steel Company's Red Mountain 
 lease, driven to crosscut ledge shown in Photo No. 33. 
 
 this property should offer a good field for concentration. The Noble 
 Electric Steel Company of San Francisco are developing three of the 
 claims under a lease. Development Avork consists of a dozen small 
 cuts and trenches along the outcrops from which about 100 tons of ore, 
 which it is reported assays 26% chromic oxide, were mined. Some rich 
 l>ockets were encountered and probably 20 tons of ore which will go 
 l)etter than 40% chromic oxide, are lying on the dumps. The company 
 is now driving a tunnel to cut a ledge which outcrops for several hun- 
 
 L 
 
156 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 dred feet, carrying considerable chromite disseminated through it. It 
 is reported that the leaser is trying to block out sufficient low grade ore 
 to warrant the construction of a small concentration plant. Water for 
 milling purposes is available in 2 large flowing springs, a couple of 
 hundred feet below the workings. Three men are employed. Eay 
 Rennick of Ukiah is foreman. 
 
 Little Red Mountain. Deposits of chromite occur on this mountain 
 which lies directly north of Big Red Mountain, being separated from 
 it by Cedar Creek, a tributary of the Eel River. Conditions here are 
 the same as at Big Red Mountain, and at the present writing, no devel- 
 opment work has been done on the claims located. It is reported that 
 only one lens of ore has been found in place, but chromite float and 
 sand are abundant over the slopes. Charles Artward, George Kindred, 
 and J. M. ]\IcKnight of Covelo, recently located four claims here. 
 
 W. E. Shields of Covelo, has gathered about 30 tons of high grade 
 chrome ore, said to assay over 50% chromic oxide, that he found lying 
 over the surface in an area of serpentine in Section 11, T. 23 N., R. 11 
 W., 25 miles northeast of Dos Rios. No ore has as yet been uncovered 
 in place. The region is very inaccessible, being over 5 miles to the 
 nearest road and in a rugged region. Two claims have been located 
 here and the owner expects to do some prospecting work during the 
 summer. The ore has not been shipped out. 
 
 Occurrences of chrome ore are reported at several localities along 
 the Middle Fork of the Eel River and its tributaries, but they are too 
 inaccessible to be commercially important and are undeveloped. 
 
 MONTEREY COUNTY. 
 
 Occasional small masses and float of chromite have been found in the 
 serpentine of Table Mountain near Parkfield. So far, none has 
 yielded a commercial production. 
 
 There are possibilities of locating chromite deposits in the south- 
 western corner of Monterey County, in the northerly extensions of 
 the serpentine areas noted in San Luis Obispo County to the south.* 
 
 NAPA COUNTY. 
 
 Chrome Center Claim. It is in Section 36, T. 10 N., R. 5 W., 22 miles 
 north of Rutherford, the nearest railroad station. The Walters Springs 
 road goes within one mile of the claim, which is reached by trail from 
 the Springs. A fairly high grade body of massive gray chromite occurs 
 in a lens in serpentine. It is developed by an open cut 20 ft. long, show- 
 ing in places, 5 ft. of ore. About 30 tons have been mined and are lying 
 on the dump. Seventy-five yards east of this cut, there is another crop- 
 ping of chrome ore, but it is small and has not been developed. This 
 
 I 
 
 *Since the above was written, the Daisy Chrome Co. reports it is developing a body 
 of chromite near Jolon and has 1000-1200 tons in sight. Ben Williams, Jr., is manager. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 157 
 
 is a very recent location and the owner expects to do some further 
 work to expose the ore body, with the purpose of selling or leasing it on 
 a royalty basis. Roy W. Wallace, Pope Valley, Cal., is the owner. 
 W Cigarette — Placer Chrome Mine, W. N. Noel, Montebello, owner. 
 This prospect is in the Knoxville district, 35 miles from the railroad 
 at Winters, Yolo County, and was located in the fall of 1917. A depth 
 of 35 feet on the vein has been driven, and the ore is stated to show 
 48% CroOg. 
 
 Sullinger Prospect. A small lens of high grade chrome ore occurs 
 on a side hill 300 ft. north of and above Conn Creek, five miles east of 
 Rutherford, on the Pope Valley Road. It is exposed in a pit sunk 
 6 ft., showing a pocket 3 ft. long and 6 to 18 inches wide. Six feet 
 west of the pit, a small cut was made, this cuts the lens, but no further 
 work has been done on it. About 500 lbs. of ore are lying on the dump. 
 The r)roperty is idle. W. Kilpatrick of Oakville, is agent. 
 
 I 
 
 NEVADA COUNTY. 
 
 The Mount Hill chrome mine is in Sec. 13, T. 17 N., R. 10 E., 
 M. D. M., south of Washington, near the road to Nevada City, at an 
 elevation of 4160'. It is owned by George Scott of Washington. 
 
 About thirty tons of 45% chrome ore had been taken from a lens 
 striking N. 10° E. and pitching 65° E. Development work consisted 
 of a pit 6' wide, 10' deep and 14' long, showing an ore on the south face 
 4' wide and 5' high, opened for 5' along the orebody. From a small 
 area 14' farther south, along the strike of the orebody, a 6' pit about 8' 
 square has yielded 6 tons of float chrome ; clay was being worked in the 
 bottom with hopes of striking more ore below. No ore had been shipped. 
 
 jfe The Moscatelli property, on Poorman's Creek, is in Sec. 1, T. 17 N., 
 R. 10 E., M. D. M., two miles northwest of Washington, at an elevation 
 
 i of 2960'. It is owned by Peter Moscatelli and H. 0. Kohler of Wash- 
 
 [ mgton. 
 
 A lenticular body of chromite in serpentine was striking N. 15° W. on 
 the south slope of a spur ridge on the west side of Poorman's Creek. 
 The ore body was 8' wide in the center, at the surface, and pinched at 
 a distance of 10' to the south ; it took the form of an irregular slabt at a 
 distance of 10' to the north. Twenty tons of ore had been mined, which 
 would probably average 45% CroOg ; considerable wall rock Avas added 
 during the last work, which probably lowered the average percentage 
 considerably. An assay of the surface ore is said to have shown 54% 
 Cr,03. 
 
 Nevada Comity Chrome Company, Nevada City. F. S. Morgan, 
 mgr. Ten 1200 pound stamps of the old Oustomah mill, on the edge of 
 town, have been pressed into service for crushing chromite ore. The 
 
158 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 stamps are fitted with 15-inesh screens and crush four tons of ore each 
 in 24 hours. From a Ilendy classifier the fines and slimes are sent over 
 two Johnson belt concentrators (also part of the equipment formerly 
 used in quartz milling) and the coarse pulp goes to an Overstrom 
 concentrator. Middlings are to be returned by a bucket elevator to the 
 classifier for concentration on a separate Overstrom table, now being 
 installed. 
 
 As soon as this mill is in successful operation Mr. Morgan plans to 
 build another plant at the company's mines near Limekiln. The Ous- 
 tomah plant will then be operated as a custom mill. 
 
 The Redledge chrome mine is in Sec. 13, T. 17 N., R. 10 E., M. D. M., 
 one mile south of Washington, at an elevation of 3740'. It is on the 
 property of the Eedledge gold mine, owned by Williamson Bros, and 
 Cl.yde Cole of Washington. 
 
 Development Avork has been carried on near the road from Nevada 
 City to Washington. On the east side of the road an open cut has been 
 made on the side hill from 2' to 14' deep and 40' long, along a strike of 
 N. 60° W. About 70 tons of ore, averaging over 42%, were produced 
 and from all appearances the workings should yield a greater tonnage 
 Avith depth. 
 
 On the west side of the road, on the upper face of the slope of the 
 hill, is an open cut 30' deep and 50' long on a body of ore which was 
 20' wide at the top and 10" wide in the bottom. About 600 tons of ore 
 had been produced and it appeared likely that the ore body would 
 continue through the hill. An ore .shoot 2' Avide and 8' long Avas ex- 
 posed at a distance of from 6' to 8' northeast of the main Avorkings and 
 looked as though it might unite Avith it in depth. 
 
 The air compressor at the Redledge gold mine furnishes power for a 
 150' incline hoist and for drills. 
 
 The Turtledove chrome property is in Sec. 1, T. 17 N., R. 10 E., 
 M. D. M., at an elevation of 2780', about one mile northwest of Wash- 
 ington. It consists of one claim OAvned by Walter Niles, Fred Miller and 
 H. O. Kohler of Washington. 
 
 Development AA'ork had been done on a spur ridge on the east side of 
 Poorman's Creek. On the south side of the ridge about 20 tons of good 
 ore had been taken from a lens striking N. 10° E. -, it had been opened up 
 by a cut 4' deep, 2' to 4' Avide, and 25' long. On the north side of the 
 ridge, 75' north of the other AA'orkings, a prospect hole 6' long, 4' AA-ide 
 and 5' deep had found only traces of chromite along a north-south seam 
 in the serppntine. An assay of a sample of ore taken near the surface is 
 said to haA'e run 52.16% Cr^Oa. 
 
 The Woil property is reported to lie tAvo miles northeast of Grass 
 Valley. Ten tons of ore are said to average 56.68% Cr.Og were pro- 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 159 
 
 (luced, but no more ore was found. The ore was purchased by T. F. 
 Ilogan of Grass YalU\v. 
 
 The Wolf, or Limekiln, elirouie deiiosit is Id Sec. 4, T. 14 X., R. 8 E., 
 at an elevation of 1480', 14 miles northwest of Auburn. The property 
 is owned by H. Thompson of Wolf, and leased by Guy Walsh and 
 Mr. Hall of Auburn. 
 
 A series of chrome lenses strike N. 40° W. and pitch 80° NE. The 
 main working consists of a pit 4' wide by 8' to 10' long by 10' deep. 
 The ore exposed on the foot wall i.s granular and carries considerable 
 silica. The solid orebody carries a fine grained mixture of chrome and 
 magnetite. About 30' southeast of this is another pit 3' wide by 6' long 
 by 10' deep, in which a cross-stringer has been opened up along the 
 southeast end ; this stringer was exposed 14" Avide by 4' long by 4' deep 
 and struck in a northwesterly direction ; it had been traced for 75' 
 farther northward by an open cut from 2' to 3' deep. About one-half 
 of the ore exposed had been mined. It is reported that H. C. Schrober 
 of Nevada City, shipped 55 tons of 35% ore from this property in 1916. 
 
 A carload of chrome ore is reported to have been shipped from the 
 Sweet ranch, one mile south of the Thompson ranch, in 1916. It is also 
 reported that there is considerable low grade chrome in the N. ^ of the 
 NE. -1 of Sec. 16, T. 16 N., R. 8 E., three miles northwest of Grass 
 Valley. 
 
 PLACER COUNTY.' 
 
 p The Bunker property is in Sec. 21, T. 14 N., R. 11 E., M. D. M., at 
 an elevation of 3260', one mile northwest of Michigan Bluff. It is 
 owned by H. H. Bunker of JMichigan Bluff and was leased by the Union 
 Chrome Company of San Francisco. 
 
 Lenses and chimneys of chromite occurring in serpentine have been 
 developed by tunnels, shafts, and open cuts. At an elevation of 3260' 
 a 64' tunnel has been run east-west ; 18" of ore is exposed for 12' along 
 the roof. The ore averaged about 40%, of which there was approxi- 
 mately 60 tons in a pile and about 10 tons in sight in the tunnel. At an 
 elevation of 3250' a short 10' tunnel was being run along the same ore 
 body, exposing it 4' wide and 10' long; about 35 tons of ore were in 
 sight. 
 
 At an elevation of 3280' a 50' tunnel had exposed an ore body 40' 
 long striking east-west. The body pinches out in the face of the tun- 
 nel, but is exposed 30" wide for a distance of 30' along both the floor 
 and roof of the tunnel. About 100 tons of 45% ore were piled and 
 there was at least 65 tons in sight to be mined. 
 
 At an elevation of 3310' a chimney-like body of ore was opened up 
 by a 10' open cut 6' wide, on whicli some work had been done in former 
 years. The chimney was 3' in diameter and about 10 tons of ore, 
 
160 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 probably averaging from 40-45% CroOj, were in sight. About 15 tons 
 of float chrome had been grubbed from an area 50' long down the slope 
 of the hill. Some of this ore showed fine crj^stals of iivarovite, or 
 chrome garnet. 
 
 On the nose of the ridge at an elevation of 3360' a shaft had been 
 sunk 50' on an ore body which struck N. 55° W. and pitched 70° SE. 
 Ore carrying from 40% to 45% CroOg was exposed on the northwest 
 face and on the lower 30' of the southeast face which averaged 2' widf. 
 About 60' tons had been taken out, to date, of which 30 tons were on a 
 loading platform. At least 30 tons of ore were in sight. 
 
 Eight men were employed at the property on June 17, 1917, and 250 
 tons of ore had been produced. 
 
 The De Kruse property is in the S. ^ of Sec. 30, T. 15 N., R. 11 E., 
 M. D. M., at an elevation of 3600', 4 miles east of Iowa Hill. E. De 
 Kruse owns 6 claims which are timbered with sugar and yellow pine. 
 
 Float chrome was being taken from pits and open cuts less than 6' 
 deep. About 10 tons were piled for hauling. The ore occurs in a west- 
 erly continuation of ore bodies being worked by R. L. Turner. 
 
 The Fiddler's Green property is in the NE. i of Sec. 29, T. 13 N., 
 R. 9 E., M. D. I\r., al)Out 2^ miles south of Dodds and 14 miles northeast 
 of Auburn. It lies at an elevation of 1450' on the rugged, steep, north- 
 ern slope of the Middle Fork of the American River. It was leased 
 by Messrs G. "Walsh and Hall of Auburn, who had men employed to 
 develop it. 
 
 Lenses of chrome occur along the contact of serpentine and amphi- 
 bolite schist. At the original location a stringer of chrome ore struck 
 N. 80° E. at an elevation of 1450'. It was developed by four open cuts, 
 each 4' deep and 10' long and by a 12' shaft. The ore occurs in bunches 
 along the serpentine talc contact; it is fine grained and carries consid- 
 erable magnetite. About five tons of 32% ore were on the dump. An 
 analysis by Geo. A. James Co. of San Francisco follows: CraOg, 
 32.3% ; SiO,, 13.0%. 
 
 At an elevation of 1400' an upper open cut was 18" deep and 30' 
 long. The ore struck N. 60° E., pitched 60° SE. and followed a small 
 veinlet of loAV-grade slip fiber asbestos. About 4 tons of low-grade ore 
 were on the dump. 
 
 E. A. Garrison of Forest Hill reports prospects of chrome on prop- 
 erties one mile southeast of Forest Hill. No development work had 
 been done. 
 
 The Gas Canon property is in the Spring Garden district, in Sec. 13, . 
 T. 13 N., R. 9 E., M. D. M., one mile south of Dodd's and 13 mUes north- 
 east of Auburn, the shipping point. It lies at an elevation of 1750' in 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 161 
 
 a rugged eanou. Tlie property was being operated by Messrs. G. Walsh 
 and Hall of Auburn. 
 
 A chimney of chrome ore, in serpentine, had been developed by a 
 shaft 4' X 6' X 10' deep. The ore was of high grade and some uvarovite, 
 or chrome garnet, occurred with it. A car of ore mixed with some from 
 tlie Green property averaged 34% CrgOj. 
 
 The Green, or American, property is in the Spring Garden district 
 in tlie SE. i of Sec. 12, T. 13 N., R. 9 E., M. D. M. It lies at an eleva- 
 tion of 1850', 13 miles northeast of Auburn. It is on property owned 
 by Jas G. Dodds et al., of Westville, and leased by G. Wal.sh and Hall 
 of Auburn. 
 
 A lens of chrome striking N. 35° W. had been followed by a 24' shaft 
 with drifts 12' long in a NW.-SE. direction. No ore was exposed in 
 the Avorkings. An analysis, of ore taken out, by Geo. A. James Co., of 
 San Francisco, follows: Cr^Os, 21.1%; SiOj, 12.0%. 
 
 Some open cut work had been done on the Dodd's property, in the 
 same section, about ^ mile southeast of the house. A small amount of 
 low grade ore was in sight. An assay of ore from the southernmost 
 pit follows: Cr.Oo, 20.4%; SiO„ 18.0%. 
 » In August, 1918, it was stated that this property had been sold. 
 " The Linder and Hodges property lies in Sec. 25, T. 16 N., R. 10 E., 
 M. D. M., about two miles northeast of Alta. It consists of a 320-acre 
 patent owned by R. E. Linder of Alta and J. R. Hodges of Towle. 
 
 The older workings are in the NW. ^ of Sec. 25 at an elevation of 
 
 3560'. Development consisted of a 30' tunnel and 10' raise. About 25 
 
 tons of ore were taken from the tunnel and 157 tons are said to have 
 
 ! been found as float. This ore was shipped in 1916 and the workings 
 
 had not been opened up since. 
 
 About ^ mile northeast of the older workings, at an elevation of 3950', 
 a vertical lense of chrome was found to strike N. 20° W. A portion of 
 the ore body exposed had a face 3'x5' and probably carried 40% CroOg. 
 This portion appeared to have slipped from about 10' above, where 
 another body 2'x3' of the same ore was exposed in the gulch. Some ore 
 in stringers to the northward was mottled and granular and probably 
 did not carry over 38% CroOs. About 10 tons of mixed ore, which 
 would carry about 35% Cr^Oa, were piled for hauling. The wall rock 
 is sluiced away by water taken from the Pacific Gas and Electric Co. 
 ditch at an elevation of 200' above the deposit. 
 
 Ivan H. Parker property. Prospecting on this land, 6 miles north 
 east of Auburn near the Grass Vallej^ road, indicated the presence of 
 a large body of concentratable ore, estimated to carry 18% to 20% 
 chromite and outcropping 300'. Work has not gone far enough to 
 
 11—38958 
 
162 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 define the diineiisioiis of the body, but a shaft 31 feet deep, Avith a cross- 
 cut 60 feet from the bottom, Avere in ore. The owner, Ivan H. Parker 
 of Auburn, has leased to F. AV. McNear, 514 Kohl Bldg., San Francisco. 
 McNear has just installed a small open air plant for concentrating. 
 The soft ore is fed without crushing into a Centralized ball mill of 
 50 tons capacity and the pulp goes without classification to Gates con- 
 centrators. Only trial runs have been made to date (May 8, 1918). 
 
 On the H. Scheirmeier property at Michigan Bluff a prospect of 
 chrome was found. The ore appeared to follow a contact of serpen- 
 tine and talc just back of the house. 
 
 The Sugar Pine chrome properties are in Sees. 29 and 31 of T. 15 N., 
 R. 11 E., M. D. M., of the Damascus Mining district. They lie in a 
 wooded portion of the Forest Hill Divide, at an elevation of 3600', 
 about 6 miles northeast of Iowa Hill. The nearest shipping point is 
 Colfax, 27^ miles southwest by way of Forest Hill. Tlie road from Iowa 
 Hill to Colfax is too steep for hauling purposes. The property is 
 owned by the Power Timber Company of San Francisco and leased to 
 R. C. Turner of Grass Valley. Trucking of the ore to Colfax costs 
 $7.50 per ton. 
 
 Lenses and chimnej^s of chromite in serpentine are being worked by 
 open cuts and inclines. A 40' incline on See. 29 has opened up an ore 
 body striking east-west and pitching 30° S. The ore is 9' thick in the 
 face and carries 45% CrgOg. This same ore continues northward for 
 50", where it is said to be 3' thick at a depth of 40' ; the old workings 
 were full of water. A steam boiler runs a pump for dew^atering the 
 working incline. Six men were employed at these workings and 1000 
 tons of ore had been shipped up to June 17, 1917. 
 
 At an elevation of 3600', in Sec. 31, a 16' shaft exposes soil carrying 
 decomposed chrome for a depth of 10' and solid chrome ore for the lower 
 6'. The ore bodj^ is 8' wide, has been opened up for a distance of 14', 
 and appears to strike east-west with a pitch of 50° to the south. Ap- 
 proximately 40 tons of ore had been corded, which appeared to carry 
 about 50% Cr^Og. 
 
 On a ridge about ^ mile above the last workings a 16' incline had been 
 run in weathered chrome. The ore body strikes east- west, at an eleva- 
 tion of 3700', and the upper portion of it has apparently migrated 
 dow^n the hill in course of weathering. The main ore body pitches 
 .rather steeply to the south, at an angle of about 65°, while the upper 
 portion pitches only 10° -20° south. About 40 tons of ore had been 
 taken out up to June 17, 1917. The surface rock carries a great deal of 
 iron oxide, much of which is in shot-like nodules; this is red on the 
 surface and yellow below. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 163 
 
 ■Six men wei-c employed in lliese seattei-cd workings. Tlic iii)[)('r, 
 fine ore was more or less mixed with soil and was being conccMil rated 
 by R. L. Turner and C. A. Geisendorfer. 
 
 A large pit in Sec. 31, at an elevation of 3520' and southwest of the 
 last workings, exposed an ore body striking N. 80° W. and pitching 80° 
 N. The upper 6' of ore had only a slight northerly pitch. About 60 
 tons of ore were corded. In an old open cut 6' deep and 50' long ore 
 was exposed 2' wide for a distance of 30'. Just south of the pit, open 
 cut work had been done, over an area 20'x40', and considerable float 
 chrome recovered. About 40 tons are said to have been shipped in the 
 fall of 1916 and 30 tons more were piled for shipment from an area 
 150' farther east. Still farther south is an old shaft, filled with water, 
 which had been worked in 1884-85. Northwest of the pit an open cut, 
 made in early days, had been run N. 40° W. for a distance of 250' ; at 
 the southeast end of it a pit 14' in diameter and 10' deep had been sunk 
 and considerable ore taken out. 
 
 Farther north in the same section, at an elevation of 3510', an open 
 cut had been made in a line N. 50° W. The open cut was 5' deep and 
 150' long and 20 tons of ore had been taken out, which assayed 55% 
 GnO, and 2% SiO.. 
 
 The Sullivan chrome property is in the N. | of the NE. | of Sec. 19, 
 T. 16 N., R. 11 E., -M. D. M., 2 miles by road and trail northeast of Alta. 
 It is on an 80-acre patent purchased from the Central Pacific railroad 
 by D. J. Sullivan of Dutch Flat, and W. F. Hemphill and R. E. Noble 
 of Roseville. 
 
 Lenticular bodies of chrome ore, occurring along fractures in serpen- 
 tine, were being mined on the southeast bank of Bear River. Develop- 
 ment work consisted of a 65' tunnel which follows a 2' body of chrome 
 ore, striking N. 25° E. A 25' crosscut w^orking tunnel was run to the 
 south and a 10' raise made. A 50' tunnel had been run in a direction 
 N. 60° W. along a 2' cross-vein Avhich pitches 50' S. About 90 tons of 
 ore running from 40-45% CroOo had been mined. About 15 tons of 
 granular ore carrying from 38-40% CroO., had been taken from a 6' pit 
 on the slope about 60' above the tunnel level. 
 
 The Turner and Geisendorfer Chrome and Concentrator Company 
 hold three claims in the NE. J of Sec. 30, T. 15 N., R. 11 E., M. D. M., 
 6 miles northeast of Iowa Hill. It lies at an elevation of 3550' about 
 27^ miles northeast of Colfax. The company consists of R. L. Turner 
 of Colfax and C. A. Geisendorfer of Weimar. 
 
 Open cuts and pits have yielded over 200 tons of ore. Eighty tons 
 shipped in 1916 carried from 42-47% CroO... The chrome bearing area 
 lies along a westerly extension of deposits on the Sugar Pine property. 
 
164 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 A small coiicentrating plant consisted of two D^^kes tables operated 
 by a 2| li.p. gas engine. Two men were employed, one to screen the 
 material and one to attend the tables and remove the concentrates. The 
 coarser material, which did not pass the screen, was mixed with the 
 concentrate, which probably averaged about 40% CrgOs. No concen- 
 trate had been shipped up to June 17, 1917. 
 
 Photo No. 35. Concentrating chrome ore near Sugarpine Mill, Placer County, on property of 
 
 Turner & Geisendorfer. 
 
 The Williamson and Beck property is in Sees. 19 and 30 of T. 15 N., 
 R. 11 E., M. D. M., 5 miles northeast of Iowa Hill. It consists of two 
 claims, the Iowa Hill Chrome, and Iowa Mine #2, including 80 acres in 
 Sec. 19 and 55 acres on government land in Sec. 30. It lies at an eleva-l 
 tion of 3500 ft., more or less, near an eastern branch of Shirt Tail^ 
 Gallon. It is owned by W. S. Macy and Wm. Haler, and leased to 0. S. 
 Williamson and C. Beck of Iowa Hill. 
 
 Lenses of chromite, in serpentine, have been developed by shafts and 
 open cuts. On Sec. 19, I mile south of camp, about 5 tons of float had 
 been taken from a 10' pit which was connected with an open cut. Ap-' 
 proximately 100 yards farther east was a 10' shaft, with windlass, fron^ 
 which some ore had been taken. About 2 tons of float chrome were^ 
 piled near by. 
 
 In Sec. 30 the lessees had worked 9 days, up to June 18, 1917, on an 
 ore body 4'-5' Avide and 16' long. The body was lenticular and struck 
 north-south in serpentine. About 10' farther north was another 
 lens, offset from the last one, striking NW.-SE., and open cut 3' wide 
 and 12' long. About 60 tons of ore were corded for shipment. i 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 165 
 
 PLUMAS COUNTY. 
 
 The McCarty chrome property is in Sec. 14, T. 23 N., K. 9 E., 
 M. D. M., being 10 miles southwest .of Quincy, the nearest railroad sta- 
 tion. It consists of two claims called Jitney J|l and Jitney ^2, owned 
 by Thos. MeCarty of Qnincy and leased on royalty to the Union 
 Chrome Company of San Francisco. 
 
 The principal ore body exposed was on Jitney #1 claim, located on 
 the east bank of the Middle Fork of the Feather River at an elevation 
 of 3400'. It consisted of a lens of solid chromite 6' wide in the center 
 and 80' long; the southern 20' of the ore body had been offset a dis- 
 tance of 5' by a fault. The ore body struck N.-S. and pitched 80° W. 
 
 Photo No. 36. McCarty chromite deposit on Feather River, 8 miles south of Quincy, 
 Ph'.mas County, leased to Union Chrome Company. 
 
 in a fine-grained metamorphic limestone; this appears to be the only 
 record of chromite occurring thus associated. 
 
 Development work consisted of an open cut 40' long, with 6' face, 
 along the ore body. Four men had been employed for two weeks and 
 had taken out 46 tons of ore said to assay from 45-48% CroOg. 
 About 300 tons of ore appeared to be in si§ht down to a depth of 10' 
 below the outcrop. No definite arrangements had been made for mov- 
 ing the ore, which would have to be packed or trammed to a height of 
 3000 feet over a very steep, rocky, rugged mountain slope to a very 
 steep road leading from the vicinity of Claremont Hill to Quincy, a 
 drop of 3000 feet in elevation. The property is inaccessible, on account 
 of snow, from December until the middle of June. 
 
166 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 The Valley View chrome property is near Greenville. It is owned 
 by W. P. Boj^den and Fred Koenig of Greenville, and leased on royalty 
 to A. E. Vandercook of Oakland, who is reported to have transferred 
 his lease to the Western Ores Co. 
 
 It is said that one ear of ore was shipped in 1916 and two cars in 
 1917, which assayed about 32% CrjOg. The property was idle in July, 
 1917. 
 
 Norris & Noyes of San Francisco, Avere reported^ in November, 1917 
 to be shipping one car of chrome ore per day to Niagara Falls, 
 N. Y., the ore being hauled by motor trucks to Swayne Station. 
 
 SAN BENITO COUNTY. 
 
 In the serpentine areas in the Coast Range Mountains, chromite is 
 occasionally found. One such area which is quite extensive occurs 
 south and southeast of New Idria.- Within this area an abundance 
 of chromite is found as small float, especially in the ravines and stream 
 gravels. It does not, so far as observed by the writer, occur in any 
 considerable bodies but seems to be disseminated in boulders and small 
 masses throughout portions of the serpentine. Centuries of weather^ 
 ing and erosion have concentrated this mineral in the stream gravels; 
 About 1875 a party of four men, with teams not otherwise engaged at 
 the time, hauled out to Hollister a carload or two of the coarser of 
 this natural concentrate, shipped it to San Francisco and thence by 
 sailing vessel to Baltimore. The workable deposits were so scattered^ 
 and limited in extent, and the margin of profit was so small (they did 
 actually make a slight profit) that they discontinued the experimenty 
 During 1917, various individuals, mostly Mexicans living in this 
 district, collected small lots of chrome ore which they sold to ore buyers. 
 They carried the ore to the main roads by sleds, pack-mules and 
 wagons, from which points motor trucks transferred it to the rail- 
 roads. Most of it went out via Mendota ; but some also via Coalinga,-' 
 King City and Hollister. In this manner, a total of between 400 and 
 500 tons was shipped. 
 
 The chromite here is characterized by .specks and films of a green 
 
 oxidation product. In early days this was erroneously reported as 
 
 nickel and also as " hornsilver, " though the color is a more vivid greea 
 
 than the latter mineral. .• 
 
 Bibl.: Kept. IV, p. 136; VI, Pt. I, p. 100; VIII, pp. 483, 490; 
 
 XV, p. 630; Mines and Mineral Res. of Monterey et al., coun-^ 
 
 ties, p. 36 ; Bull. 27, p. 126 ; Bull. 38, pp. 269, 362 ; Bull. 67, p5 
 
 81; Mm. Res. W. of Rocky Mts., 1868, p. 224; Cal. Sen. Doc. 
 
 No. 9, 1854 (J. B. Trask), p. 18; U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 60.^ 
 
 p. 208; Mon. ]3, p. 294. 
 
 
 ^Min. & Sci. Press, Nov. 24, 1917, p. 770. 
 
 ^Mines & Mineral Res. of Monterey et al. counties ; Cal. State Min. Bur., chapterg: 
 Of State Mineralogist's Report, biennial period 1915-1916, pp. 36, 197. 
 
167 
 
 :nown for its 
 were worked 
 ■s, nothing is 
 je quantities 
 
 n, it is inter- 
 is largely to 
 c iron mines 
 ve prophesy, 
 
 ts and their 
 G. S. Bull. 
 An excellent 
 )ispo County 
 of San Luis 
 jeemed advis- 
 hat angle, to 
 a data which 
 ird economic 
 showing the 
 le properties 
 
 d in Sec. 34, 
 'ia Range, on 
 unt of devel- 
 irata, et al., 
 . This com- 
 md prospect- 
 
 .f Section 29, 
 Santa Lucia 
 s been a con- 
 m account of 
 re exhausted, 
 the property. 
 y production 
 Twelve men 
 
 , via Goldtree 
 ire in sorting 
 /eraging over 
 
 01) : U. S. Gool. 
 
PLATE in. 
 
I 
 
 MANGANESE AND CnROMlUM. ' 167 
 
 SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY. 
 
 "As a mining county, San Luis Obispo is most widc4y known for its 
 production of chromic iron. In years past many mines were worked 
 here, but, owing to the low prices obtained in recent years, nothing is 
 now being done. Chromic iron occurs, however, in large quantities 
 and, under favorable conditions, will again be mined. "^ 
 
 At the present time, 13 years after the above was written, it is inter- 
 esting to note that, while quicksilver producti.on also adds largely to 
 Ian Luis Obispo's fame as a mining county, the chromic iron mines 
 ire, under present favorable conditions, fulfilling the above prophesy, 
 ind supplying a steady tonnage of ore to an eager market. 
 
 A general description of the chromic iron ore deposits and their 
 geological occurrence is given by E. C. Harder, U. S. G. S. Bull. 
 #430, and by H. "W. Fairbanks in the folio quoted above. An excellent 
 review of the geology, and a history of the San Luis Obispo County 
 mines is found in "The Mines and Mineral Resources of San Luis 
 Obispo County," recently issued by this Bureau. It has seemed advis- 
 able to refer the reader who wishes to investigate from that angle, to 
 these publications, and to place emphasis herein, rather on data which 
 it is hoped will be of immediate and practical aid toward economic 
 development. A map (Plate III) has been included showing the 
 location of chrome ore deposits and the list of chrome properties 
 discussed is believed to cover all known occurrences. 
 
 Alviso and Sunshine Claims. These claims are located in Sec. 34, 
 T. 29 S., R. 12 E., on the western slope of the Santa Lucia Range, on 
 the road to the Pick and Shovel Mine. Only a small amount of devel- 
 opment work has been done on the claims — P. A. H. Arata, et al., 
 owners. Under lease to Noble Electric Steel Company. This com- 
 pany is employing a large force of men in developing and prospect- 
 ing the claims. 
 
 Castro Mine. This mine is situated in the east half of Section 29, 
 T. 29 S., R. 12 E. It is on the southwestern slope of the Santa Lucia 
 Range, six miles northwest of San Luis Obispo. There has been a con- 
 siderable production from this property in the past, but on account of 
 low prices it was closed down before the ore bodies were exhausted. 
 The Trinidad Mining Company has recently reopened the property. 
 They mined the ore by means of an open cut. Their early production 
 was at the rate of 20 cars, about 1000 tons, per month. Twelve men 
 are employed. 
 
 Several carloads of ore were shipped from this property, via Goldtree 
 Station north of San Luis Obispo, but in spite of great care in sorting 
 the ore, it was found nearly impossible to got carloads averaging over 
 
 'Fairbanks, H. "W., Geologic AUas of U. S., San Luis F'olio (No. 101) : U. S. Geo!. 
 Swrv., 1904. 
 
166 
 
 The VaJ 
 by W. P. ] 
 to A. E. ^ 
 
 his lease ti 
 It is sai 
 ,1917, whic 
 1917. 
 
 Norris S 
 
 to be shi] 
 N. Y., the 
 
 In the s 
 oceasionall 
 south and 
 of ehromit 
 gravels. ] 
 considerab 
 masses thr 
 ing and ei 
 About 187 
 the time, ] 
 this natur. 
 sailing ves 
 and limitei 
 actually m 
 
 During 
 district, co' 
 They carr 
 wagons, fr 
 roads. Mc 
 King City 
 500 tons "v\ 
 
 The chn 
 oxidation " 
 nickel and 
 than the la 
 
 Bibl. : 
 XV, 
 
 ties, 
 
 81; 
 
 No. 
 
 p. 2> 
 
 ^Min. & Sci 
 
 ^Mines & J 
 Of State Mint 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. ' 167 
 
 SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY. 
 
 "As a milling county, San Luis Obispo is most widely known for its 
 production of chromic iron. In years past many mines were worked 
 here, but, owing to the low prices obtained in recent years, nothing is 
 now being done. Chromic iron occurs, however, in large quantities 
 and, under favorable conditions, will again be mined. "^ 
 
 At the present time, 13 years after the above was written, it is inter- 
 esting to note that, while quicksilver production also adds largely to 
 San Luis Obispo's fame as a mining county, the chromic iron mines 
 are, under present favorable conditions, fulfilling the above prophesy, 
 and supplying a steady tonnage of ore to an eager market. 
 
 A general description of the chromic iron ore deposits and their 
 geological occurrence is given by E. C. Harder, U. S. G. S. Bull. 
 fl:430, and by H. W. Fairbanks in the folio quoted above. An excellent 
 review of the geology, and a history of the San Luis Obispo County 
 mines is found in "The Mines and Mineral Resources of San Luis 
 Obispo County," recently issued by this Bureau. It has seemed advis- 
 able to refer the reader who wishes to investigate from that angle, to 
 these publications, and to place emphasis herein, rather on data which 
 it is hoped will be of immediate and practical aid toward economic 
 development. A map (Plate III) has been included showing the 
 location of chrome ore deposits and the list of chrome properties 
 discussed is believed to cover all known occurrences. 
 
 Alviso and Sunshine Claims. These claims are located in Sec. 34, 
 T. 29 S., R. 12 E., on the western slope of the Santa Lucia Range, on 
 the road to the Pick and Shovel Mine. Only a small amount of devel- 
 opment work has been done on the claims — P. A. H. Arata, et al., 
 owners. Under lease to Noble Electric Steel Company. This com- 
 pany is employing a large force of men in developing and prospect- 
 ing the claims. 
 
 Castro Mine. This mine is situated in the east half of Section 29, 
 T. 29 S., R. 12 E. It is on the southwestern slope of the Santa Lucia 
 Range, six miles northwest of San Luis Obispo. There has been a con- 
 siderable production from this property in the past, but on account of 
 low prices it was closed down before the ore bodies were exhausted. 
 The Trinidad Mining Company has recently reopened the property. 
 They mined the ore by means of an open cut. Their early production 
 was at the rate of 20 cars, about 1000 tons, per month. Twelve men 
 are employed. 
 
 Several carloads of ore were shipped from this property, via Goldtree 
 Station north of San Luis Obispo, but in spite of great care in sorting 
 the ore, it was found nearly impossilile to get carloads averaging over 
 
 'Fairbanks?, H. W., Geologic Atlas of U. S., San Luis F'ollo (No. 101) : U. S. Gcol. 
 Surv., 1904. 
 
168 ■ CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 33% chromic oxide. The company consequently set about prospecting, 
 in order to see if there was sufficient low-grade ore available to justify 
 construction of a concentrating plant. Work on the hill at the end of 
 the wagon road uncovered a lens 65 feet long and 28 feet thick which 
 has not yet been bottomed, but has been proven to a depth of about 25 
 feet. This body carries some bunches of shipping ore, but the major 
 part of it is stated to run about 20% CrsOg. No attempt will be made 
 to sort out high grade, but the whole lens will be milled. Three other 
 bodies of low grade ore were also found. When prospecting had 
 revealed enough 20% to 25% ore to give a reserve of over 6000 tons, 
 the management felt justified in putting up a mill. There is still a 
 large unexplored area. 
 
 The mill has been built on the hill below the large orebody, and a 
 tunnel has been driven to tap the ore at depth, so that tramming from 
 the working face to the mill bin will be possible. 
 
 The crude ore is delivered to the mill in 14 eu. ft. cars and dumped 
 into a 3'x8' grizzly with 1" openings. The fine falls through the grizzly 
 directly into the mill feed bin. The coarse is put through a 12"xl6" 
 Dodge crusher, crushing to 1", and delivering directly into the 50-ton 
 flat bottomed ore-bin. Power for the crusher is furnished by a 12 h. p. 
 Orr and Sembower gas engine burning distillate. One shift on the 
 crusher is generally sufficient to keep the mill bin well filled with 
 crushed ore. 
 
 A Challenge feeder fastened to the ore-bin feeds the crushed ore to 
 a 4^x3' Hendy Ball Mill, with a scoop feed. The mill revolves 30 
 times a minute and carries 2000 lbs. of chrome steel balls. The con- 
 sumption of balls is about one-half pound per ton of ore crushed. I'he 
 pulp from the mill is discharged over a revolving screen with .05 inch 
 openings, and the oversize is returned by a bucket elevator to the mill 
 feed box. Ball mill, feeder and elevator are driven by a Doak gas 
 engine burning distillate. Nominally of 20 h.p., this engine actually 
 develops 21 h.p. at this elevation (about 1500 feet). A clutch pulley 
 on the ball mill pinion shaft enables easy starting of the load. 
 
 The pulp from the ball mill is delivered by a launder to a two compart- 
 ment launder classifier from which the coarse and fine sands go to two 
 Overstrom Universal Concentrators and the slimes to a 6 ft. Callow 
 de-watering cone. The thickened slime from this cone is put over a 
 Deister slimer. Two products, concentrates and middlings, are taken 
 from the Overstrom tables, and tailings are run to waste. Power for 
 the tables and for a 1^'' centrifugal pump for returning clear water, 
 is derived from a 7 h.p. Hercules engine burning distillate. 
 
 Water for the mill is pumped from San Luisito Creek, to a 10,000 
 gallon redwood tank by a 4" Woodin and Little triplex plunger pump, 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 169 
 
 driven by a 6 h.p. Orr and Sembower engine. All water from engine 
 cooling systems and clear water from the dewatering cone and settling 
 boxes is collected in a sump below the mill and returned by a 1^" 
 centrifugal pump, running submerged, to a 3000 gallon redwood 
 tank, and is used for ball mill feed water. Three tons of water is 
 required for each ton of ore ground. 
 
 It is estimated that it will cost about $2 a ton to concentrate the 
 ore. "When properly adjusted, the plant should be capable of making 
 about 30 tons of concentrate a day. A new road has recently been 
 completed to the mill and mine, and conditions favor heavy production. 
 A. A. Wheeler, 1640 Clay Street, San Francisco, is the owner. The 
 
 Photo No. 36a. The 50-ton concentrating mill of the California Chrome Company at the 
 
 Castro Mine, San Luis Obispo. 
 
 property is being worked under lease bj^' the California Chrome Co., 
 Home Office, Kohl Building. San Francisco. Cal. 
 
 Chisholm Mine. See Pine Mountain Group. 
 
 Chorro Creek Mine. Located in Section 34, T. 29 S., R. 12 E., near 
 the summit of the Santa Lucia Range, and about 4^ miles north 
 of Goldtree Station on the Southern Pacific Railroad. It contains 
 86.7 acres and is owned by W. C. H. Dibblee and P. A. H. Arata, 
 of San Luis Obispo. Considerable chromite was shipped from the prop- 
 erty during 1882 and 1883. The workings which are at an elevation of 
 1900 feet, consist of a few shallow open cuts and prospect holes, and 
 outside of assessment work, no new work was being prosecmted when 
 the property was visited. There is considerable chrome iloat scattered 
 over the surface of the ridge. The wagon road to the property has 
 very steep grades, whieli adds to the cost of hauling ore from the mine. 
 
I 
 
 170 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Colorado Chrome Mine. Claims covering 80 acres in the northeast 
 half of Sec. 32, T. 29 S., R. 12 E., owned by George L. Mott and' 
 T. B. Gamble of San Luis Obispo, comprise this property. The' 
 workings consist of a number of shallow open cuts and small prospect 
 tunnels. 
 
 Cypress Chrome Mine. This property adjoins the Chorro Creek 
 Mine on the north. It contains 80 acres and lies in the northeast 
 quarter of Sec. 34, T. 29 S., R. 12 E. It was located by Dibblee and 
 Arata of San Luis Obispo and is little more than a prospect, no develop-, 
 ment work having been done. | 
 
 El Divisadero Chrome Mine. It is situated in Section 33, T. 29 S., 
 R. 12 E., 5 miles northwest of Goldtree Station, on patented land 
 belonging to A. A. Wheeler, 1640 Clay St., San Francisco. It is under 
 lease to the Trinidad Mining Co., office, L. H. Butcher Co., 214 Front 
 St., San Francisco. A. A. Arata is superintendent. There is a little;; 
 float chromite in sight. a 
 
 El Salto Chrome Mine. This claim in the west half of Section 33,/ 
 T. 29 S., R. 12 E., joins the El Divisadero on the south, and, like it, is 
 the propert,y of A. A. Wheeler of San Francisco, and under lease to 
 the Trinidad Mining Co., 214 Front St., San Francisco. A few tons^ 
 of float ore of good grade in pieces up to one foot in diameter are on 
 the surface, and a small amount of prospecting is now being done. 
 From the amount of old open cuts and prospect holes it is estimated 
 that it produced several hundred tons of ore in the early 80 's. 
 
 Evans Ranch. In Devils Caiion, which runs into San Carpojaro 
 Creek in Sec. 2, T. 25 S., R. 6 E., a good quality of chromite is reported 
 to occur. The deposit is six miles north of San Simeon on the 
 W. J. Evans Ranch. 
 
 Froom's (Mrs.) Chrome Deposits. Mrs. Froom of San Luis Obispo 
 owns some old chrome properties in the southern part of Rancho 
 Laguna, 4^ miles southwest of the city. There are 5 old tunnels on 
 the property, one of which is still open for 50 feet. This tunnel is 
 driven entirely in serpentine and shows some granules of chrome ore 
 scattered through the rock. There is an old open cut with a face 40 feet 
 high from which it is reported quite a tonnage of ore was extracted in| 
 the past. A small amount of prospecting has recently been done on 
 the property. Dibblee and Arata of San Luis Obispo have an option 
 on the deposits. 
 
 Johe Ranch Deposit. On the George M. Johe Ranch in the SW. l^ 
 of Sec. 2, T. 31 S., R. 11 E., .some float and a small lens of chrome ore. 
 has been found. The deposit is 10 miles southwest of San Luisj 
 Obispo and 1500' above sea level. No development work has been! 
 attempted, 
 
 H 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 171 
 
 La Primera and La Trinidad Chrome Mines. Situated in the east 
 half of Section 33, T. 29 S., R. 12 E., four miles north of Goldtree 
 Station. The total area embraced is 180 acres of patented land. The 
 mines are one mile west of the New London Mine, and at an elevation 
 of 1500 feet. A tunnel has been driven west 460 feet, and a number 
 of crosscuts have been driven north and south from the tunnel level. 
 Three lenses of chromite have been developed, which have a general 
 east and west trend and dip 40° to 45° to the north. A winze has been 
 sunk on each lens to depths of twenty feet. It is reported that about 
 P 1000 tons of ore has been developed. At the elevation of open cut 
 (1550 ft.) an incline has been sunk to a depth of 100 feet to extract 
 the ore from the ore bodies developed on tunnel level. 
 
 From the information obtained from underground development, 
 there appears to be a well defined ore zone which is approximately 125 
 feet wide, and has general north and south course. The ore is hauled 
 to Goldtree siding. A. A. Wlieeler of San Francisco, is the owner. 
 The mines are being worked by the Trinidad Mining Company (L. H. 
 Butcher Co.), 214 Front Street, San Francisco, Cal., F. W. McKee, 
 Superintendent. 
 
 Lucky Jack Group, includes the Chrome, Lucky Davis, Lucky 
 Chrome, Bonilla, Lookout and Flores claims. They are situated in 
 Sections 29 and 31, T. 29 S., R. 12 E. This is on a ridge west of Tassi- 
 jara Creek, at an elevation of 2000 feet, and about 4 miles west of 
 Santa Margarita on the Southern Pacific R. R. A number of open 
 cuts have developed some small stringers of low grade chrome, mixed 
 with serpentine. To date no deposit of consequence has been opened 
 on the property. S. Aumaier, San Luis Obispo, owner. 
 
 Middlemast Chrome Deposit. Twenty-five miles northwest of San 
 Luis Obispo, and 4 miles east of Cayucos on the W. C. Middlemast 
 Ranch, chromite has been found in small quantities as float and in 
 small lenses in the serpentine. The deposit is in the north half of 
 Section 25, T. 28 S., R. 10 E., at an elevation of 450 ft. above sea 
 level. 
 
 Mutual Chrome Mine. This is a holding of 80 acres owned by 
 Dibblee and Arata of San Luis Obispo. It lies west of and adjoins the 
 Chorro Creek Mine and is situated in Section 35, T. 29 S., R. 12 E., 
 4^ miles from Goldtree. No development work has been done on the 
 property with the exception of several old prospect holes. 
 
 I New London Chrome Mine is situated in the SW. -} of the SE. I of 
 Sec. 33, T. 29 S., R. 12 E., G miles northwest of San Luis Obispo, and 
 three miles from Goldtree Station in a westerly direction. The prin- 
 cipal workings are situated on the slope of a ridge northwest of a 
 branch of Chorro Creek. There are two tunnels on the property. At 
 
 
172 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 173 
 
 an elevation of 050 feet tlie upper tunnel was driven N. 51° W., and 
 40 feet from the portal encountered a lens of ehi'orae with a strike of 
 N. 36° W. and a dip of 60° NE. This lens of ore is 50 ft. in length 
 Avith an average width of 12 ft. and ore shipped from the lens gave an 
 average of 38% chromic oxide. 
 
 On this general course the tunnel follows leaders of chrome which 
 run into two smaller lenses, 27 ft. and 14 ft. in length respectively, 
 and about 8 ft. in width. The main tunnel level is 208 feet in length. 
 
 At a point 92 ft. from the portal a drift has been nm N. 27° E., 
 a distance of 67 ft., and a large lens of ore, 50 ft. in length and 25 
 ft. in width, developed. This large lens also dips 60° NPl At a 
 point 19 ft. from the intersection of the drift with the main tunnel 
 level, a raise has been made in the lens a distance of 20 ft. and a 
 drift run NW. 40 ft. in the ore, thus giving an ore body 50 ft. long, 
 by 25 ft. wide, by 20 ft. above the tunnel level. 
 
 At an elevation of 920 ft. and 133 ft. west of the upper tunnel, 
 a lower tunnel has been driven NW. 214 ft., without developing 
 any ore. At a point 105 ft. from the portal of the tunnel, a 
 drift has been driven N. 10° W., a distance of 19 ft., where an 
 in.cline raise 50 ft. in height Avas made, developing a small lens 
 of chrome 6 ft. in Avidth. From this raise a drift runs N. 30" 
 W. for a distance of 20 ft., where a small lens of ore Avas cut 
 and Avhich was drifted on a distance of 16 ft., Avith a course 
 N. 30° W. This lens is 16 ft. long and 6 ft. wide and of good grade 
 ore. In the main tunnel level at a point 50 ft. Avest of the intersection 
 of tunnel and drift, another drift bearing N. 30° W. has been driven 
 a distance of 39 ft. From this drift an incline raise is being driven 
 at an angle of 50° to develop the large lens of ore that has been 
 opened up on the upper tunnel level. There is also a raise at the 
 intersection of this drift Avith the main tunnel level, and both of these 
 raises have developed ore. Quite a tonnage of fair grade ore has been 
 exposed on the property, together Avith shipping ore, and a certain 
 tonnage of Ioav grade ore that could be concentrated. The lenses so 
 far mined have a general northwest strike and a uniform dip of about 
 60° NE. With systematic development, a large tonnage of ore 
 should be disclosed on the property. Tavo hundred tons per month are 
 noAv being shipped from the mine. It is reported to average 38% 
 chromic oxide, with 8 to 10% silica content. Fifteen men are 
 employed. The ore is hauled a distance of three miles to Goldtree Sta- 
 tion at a cost of $1.25 per ton. The sketch map hei'eAvith shows the 
 underground Avorkings and ore bodies developed. Chas. Waters of San 
 Luis Obispo is the OAvner. It is being Avorked under lease by Dibblee 
 and Arata of San Luis Obispo, P. A. H. Arata, Mgr. 
 
174 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Norcross Chrome Mine. It is loeatecl ten miles northwest of San 
 Luis Obispo in Section 13, T. 29 S., R. 11 E., on the southwest slope of 
 the Santa Lucia Range. At an elevation of 1200 feet, there is an open 
 cut 150 feet long by 150 feet wide and 50 feet deep. A number of 
 small lenses of chromite were extracted from these workings in the 
 past. The ore zone is about 150 feet wide, in which the chromite is 
 impregnated throughout the serpentine, and has a general north and 
 south strike. From samples taken from these workings, the ore bear- 
 ing zone will carry about 15% chromic oxide. 
 
 The dump from this open cut contains 1000 tons of ore, carrying 
 15% chromic oxide. The ore from dump and open cut is being treated 
 in a 50-ton concentrating plant. The ore is trammed to a 50-ton stor- 
 
 ^m 
 
 Photo No. 37a. Concentrating plant (50-ton) of Union Chrome Company, at Norcross Mine, 
 San Luis Obispo County ; showing dump, bins, and mill. 
 
 age bin, from which the ore is conveyed by belt conveyor to Ellis-Chili 
 ball mill, and crushed through 20 mesh sci'een. The product from 
 mill goes direct to hydraulic classifiers, and then to two Gates concen- 
 trators. The tables are producing about fifteen tons of concentrates 
 running 44% chromic oxide. From the results obtained, it is planned 
 to increase the capacity of the plant by the addition of another table. 
 Twenty men are employed. Owner, E. Biaggini, Cayucos, Cal. Under 
 lease to Union Chrome Company, ofiices, Adams Building, San Fran- 
 cisco, Calif. 
 
 Pick and Shovel Mine. This mine is located four miles north of 
 San Luis Obispo" on the western slope of the Santa Lucia Range, about 
 half way to the summit. It contains 83.2 acres which are in the SE. 
 quarter of Sec. 34, and the SW. quarter of Sec. 35, T. 29 S., R. 12 E. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 17^ 
 
 This property was worked more extensively in tlie past lliaii any chrome 
 deposit in the district, and produced a large tonnage between 1880 
 and 1890. The old workings consist of 2500 feet of tunnels, the long- 
 est being 900 feet. It bears N. 60° E., and is driven at an elevation 
 of 1840 feet. The ore occurred in lenses and stringers in a crushed 
 zone. It has been stated that, from one lens of ore encountered at a 
 ^ distance of 560 feet from the tunnel portal, there was extracted 800 tons 
 of chrome. The dip of the kidneys of ore was 30 degrees to the north- 
 west. The chromite was found impregnating the serpentine as well 
 as in almost pure masses. Recently the workings from this tunnel 
 have been reopened, and some new lenses of ore developed. At a lower 
 
 ' Photo No. 37. Pick and Shovel Chrome Mine, San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 level, another tunnel has been driven which has opened up a lens of 
 chromite fifty feet in length by twelve feet thick, and fifteen feet deep, 
 containing approximately 1000 tons, and it reported that the ship- 
 ments made from this lens runs 50% chromic oxide. Twenty men 
 lare employed. P. A. H. Arata, et al, owners. Under lease to L. H, 
 Butcher Co., 214 Front Street, San Francisco, F. W. McKee, Supt. 
 
 Pine Mountain Group. These locations cover what w-as formerly 
 iknown as the Chisholm mine. About 400 tons of good chromite are 
 said to have been produced here in the '80s, but work was sus- 
 pended when the price of chromite fell to $8. The ore came entirely 
 from shallow trenches and off the surface. There are three claims which 
 adjoin the Hearst Ranch in Sections 3 and 10, T. 26 S., R. 8 E. They 
 are on the flank of Pine Mountain at an elevation of over 2000 feet and 
 ilie 11 miles from San Simeon, wdth a road across the Hearst Ranch to 
 
176 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 ^vithill a mile of the clainis. They were rt'loeated in Deeemljer, 1917, 
 and January, 1918, by Joe Pereira of Cambria. Mr. J. A. Faucher 
 recently bought one and leased the other two on a royalty basis. Sub- 
 sequently, two of the claims, named the Lucky Strike and the Old 
 Timer, were sold to Mrs. P. A. Hearst for $1500. 
 
 The claims are in the serpentine near a contact with diorite. There 
 has been a wide distribution of ehromite over the claims, as indicated 
 by the old trenches. There is a series of outcrops on the lower claim 
 which indicates the presence of a good sized lens of ore, and there are 
 also promising indications of ore in place farther uphill. Geological 
 conditions are favorable for the development of a good producer, because 
 of the pro.ximity to the diorite-serpentine contact. Extensive mineral- 
 ization appears to have occurred and early production may be reasonably 
 expected. 
 
 Pereira Group. Joe and Pablo Pereira, Cambria, Locators, J. A. 
 Faucher, Oakland, lessee. Consists of three claims located January, 
 1918, in T. 25 S., R. 8 E., three to four miles north of Pine IMountain 
 by trail, and lying at an elevation of about 2500 feet. On the Beauty 
 Spot claim two and one-half tons of fine grained, high grade ore was 
 taken from a shallow trench in greenish clay, and this was all th% 
 ehromite in sight, althougli there was a chance of more being found hy, 
 following a well defined parting at the bottom of the trench. On the; 
 Potrero claim, a mile farther soutii, a few hundred pounds of ore have" 
 been dug out near the surface, but prospecting has failed to disclose 
 even a stringer which might serve as an indication of other lenses. 
 On the Red Rock Ocean View claim a small lens in place in serpentine?^ 
 has yielded about 20 tons of good ore and there are some stringers 
 of ehromite in the ends of the pit which amply justify further worl^ 
 as they are apt to lead to other kidneys of ore which do not outcrop. 
 This claim is the southernmost of the group. It is notable that con- 
 ditions appear to become more favorable for the occurence of ehromite 
 as one goes soutli along this serpentine zone. This last named claim, 
 comprising 40 acres, was purchased ]\rarch 19, 1918, by Mrs. P. A, 
 Hearst for the sum of $1000. 
 
 Rancho Piedra Blanca. On this ranch, owned by Mrs. Phoebe 
 Hearst, of San Francisco, ehromite is reported to' occur, but no develop"-;! 
 ment of the deposits has been attempted. The property is located in- 
 Sec. 4, T. 25 S., R. 7 E. 
 
 Rancho Santa Manuela. A deposit of good grade ehromite is founc 
 on this property, six miles northeast of Arroyo Grande, along the 
 creek of the same name. T. Steele, Arroyo Grande, owner. 
 
 Rancho Santa Rita. Eight miles northeast of Cayucos, on this 
 ranch, ehromite of good quality is found on the surface. Some ore 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 177 
 
 was shipped from here hctwoeii 1880 ;nul 1890 l)ii1 no mining has been 
 (lone since. 
 
 Russ Deposit. On a ranch owned by Antone D. Russ in See. 4, 
 T. 25 S., K. 6 E., a small deposit of chrome is being developed by the 
 owner. It is stated that a good grade of chromite is being extracted. 
 
 San Carpojaro Creek and Arroyo La Cruz Deposits. Two claims 
 known as the Owl #1 and Owl $2 have been located l)y Francisco J. 
 Estrada and C. iNIarcel Garcia of San Simeon, Cal. These claims are 
 situated in See. 12, T. 25 S., R. 7 E., on the divide between San 
 Carpojaro Creek and Arroyo La Cruz. They are at an elevation of 
 2150 ft. and about eight miles north of San Simeon, and 30 to 40 miles 
 southwest of Bradley, a station on the Southern Pacific Railroad. The 
 chromite occurs in a serpentine belt which strikes N. 50^ W. Along 
 this belt considerable float ore is found and on the north slope of the 
 ridge a small open cut has exposed an outcrop of massive chromite of 
 good grade. The orebody is about five feet wide and the possibilities are 
 that a large lens of ore could be developed. The inaccessibility of the 
 deposit, due to the roughness of the country, and its distance from 
 railroad transportation, makes it a difficult matter to get the material 
 out, and no development, outside of assessment work, has been at- 
 tempted. 
 
 Sweetwater Chrome Mine. Located in Sec. 12, T. 29 S., R. 11 E., 
 approximately 17 miles northwest of San Luis Obispo, and five to seven 
 miles northeast of Morro Rock in an air line. This group, also known 
 as the Pierce and Benadom groi;p, embraces the Chromic Acid, Chromic 
 Acid Extension. Rocky Road, Last Hope, Sweetwater No. 1, No. 2 and 
 No. 3 claims. 
 
 On the Sweetwater claims which lie on the northwest slope of the 
 hill at an elevation of 1600 ft., a series of tunnels have been driven 
 southeast, at different elevations, on a well defined fissure in the serpen- 
 tine. At different points along the general strike of this fissure a 
 succession of kidneys or chromite have been developed by this work. 
 These kidneys of ore vary in size, but three well defined lenses have 
 been opened up which have a length of 60 ft. and a width of from 
 4 to 6 ft. The general strike of the fissure is N. 60° W. with a dip of 
 60° to the northeast. On top of the ridge there is an open cut 60 ft. 
 long which connects with a tunnel of equal length. These workings 
 show two well defined lenses of ore of good quality. A cross-cut has 
 been driven whjch cuts the lenses 30 ft. lower down. The surface 
 workings on these claims extend for 100 ft. along the general strike of 
 the fissure, and about 1000 tons of ore running 45% chromic oxide and 
 8% silica have been developed. The ore is hauled to Goldtree Station, 
 
 12— 38f)5S 
 
178 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 on the Southern Pacific Railroad, a distance of 18 miles at a cost of 
 $4.50 per ton. From 100 to 150 tons per month are being shipped 
 and returns show the average of shipments so far made to be 46% 
 chromic oxide. 
 
 The other claims have been somewhat developed by shallow open cuts 
 and short tunnels and a small amount of ore has been uncovered. With 
 systematic work a large tonnage of good grade chrome could be de- 
 veloped on these claims. Six men are employed. The property is 
 under lease to Wm. Hollister of San Luis Obispo. W. W. Pierce, 
 G. W, Benadom and Annie Pierce of Morro, are the locators and 
 owners. 
 
 Welsh Ranch Deposit. On the Joseph C. Welsh Ranch, in Sec. 4, 
 T. 31 S., R. 11 E., eight miles west of San Luis Obispo, a trench has 
 uncovered a small lens of good grade chromite. 
 
 James Wheeler, and associates of Santa Margarita, have recently 
 located a number of claims for copper and chromite along the summit 
 of the Santa Lucia Range, extending about two miles along the ridge 
 at a distance of four to seven miles south of Santa Margarita. Such 
 of the ore as has been developed by shallow cuts, is rather low grade, 
 being mixed with a good deal of serpentine, but the region is so hard 
 to prospect that bodies of good ore might easily be present without 
 having been found. About one and one-half miles from the Marquart 
 Antimony Mine, on government land, massive chromite of good quality 
 is reported to have been found, the largest boulders being about one 
 ton in weight. 
 
 Zerfing Ranch Deposit. A deposit of chrome occurs on the prop- 
 erty of Arthur L. Zerfing of Cayucos. The deposit is located five miles 
 east of Cayucos in the SE. i of Sec. 24, T. 28 S., R. 10 E., at an 
 elevation of 500 ft. A streak of chromite, striking N. 60° E., and dip- 
 ping to the south, crosses the Old Creek and Santa Rita Road. The vein 
 varies in width from 8" to 2' and has been opened up along the strike 
 for a distance of 60 ft. It is planned to drive a tunnel below the 
 road which will give some depth below the open cut on the upper side, 
 as the course of the vein is across the hill on the upper side of the 
 road. About 10 tons of ore have been extracted, and reported to run 
 46% chromic oxide with 8% silica. The cost of hauling the ore to San 
 Luis Obispo, the nearest railroad point, a haul of 25 miles, is from 
 $4.50 to $5.00 per ton. The property is leased to E. J. Wear of Paso 
 Robles, who is doing the development work. 
 
 Bibl. : U. S. G. S. Bull. No. 430. U. S. G. S. San Luis Folio No. 101. 
 
 Cal. State Min, Bur., Report on Mines and Mineral Resources 
 
 of San Luis Obispo County, 1916. 
 
 « 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. ^ 179' 
 
 SANTA BARBARA COUNTY. 
 
 Santa Barbara County adjoins and closely resembles San Luis Obispo 
 in geographic and geologic structure. Chromic ii'on deposits for 
 which the latter county is noted are by no means absent from Santa 
 Barbara, but they have not been eltensively developed yet. Satis- 
 factory production of chrome ore has been made during 1918, and 
 there are attractive possibilities, especially in the San Rafael range. 
 
 Los Olivos Deposit. There is a deiiosit of chromite in the San 
 Rafael range of mountains, 16 miles east of Los Olivos. The chromite 
 occurs in a serpentine belt which strikes northwest and southeast about 
 } mile north of the Happy Cafion and Acachuma wagon road. This 
 territory is included in the Santa Barbara Forest Reserve. 
 
 A number of years ago P. B. Montanaro of Los Olivos opened up a 
 lens of chrome which strikes north and south, and by means of a shal- 
 low open cut extracted about 20 tons of ore, which still lies on the dump. 
 In those days the price was too low to pay for hauling the material to 
 the railroad, and, besides, in this instance, the lens mined was a small 
 one and no other ore was developed. On the same ridge considerable 
 tioat chrome was noticed and with further prospecting it is quite possible 
 that other lenses of ore will be found in this locality. 
 
 La Lagnna Ranch Chrome Deposit. The deposit is situated in the 
 San Rafael Mountain range on the ridge between Figueroa and Coral- 
 les Creek, at an elevation of 2500 feet. It lies on the north corner of 
 the La Laguna Ranch about 1 mile southeast of the F. M. Tunnel ranch 
 and 12 miles northeast of Los Olivos. A large amount of chrome float 
 is found in the serpentine areas on the ridge and in the gulches. On 
 the southeast slope of the ridge there are 7 large boulders of massive 
 chromite which weigh about 1 ton each. Three of these boulders lie in 
 a line with northwest and southeast strike, giving the impression that a 
 large lens of chromite might be developed. The country where the 
 chromite occurs is rough and almost inaccessible, which accounts for the 
 deposit not being developed, as the cost of building a road to the prop- 
 erty would be large. It is owned by the La Laguna Ranch Co., W. H, 
 Bradley, Secy., 320 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 O'Donnell and Burns Mining Co. of Santa Ynez, took a 5-year lease 
 early in 1918 of mineral rights on 70,000 acres of land east and south- 
 east of Los Olivos and Santa Ynez. Active prospecting by 'Donnell 
 resulted in the discovery of lenses of high grade chromite, and pro- 
 duction has continued since, a force of 30 to 40 men being employed 
 at present (September, 1918). Six miles of new road had to be built. 
 Ore so far shipped has come from points 12 to 15 miles southeast of 
 Los Olivos, the rail point, and the haul is said to cost $7 a ton. Mr. 
 O'Donnell reports that none of the ore sold has carried less than 45% 
 CrjOs and that the last three cars averaged 49%, 51% and 53% Cr^Os, 
 
180 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 respectively. One lens yielded 2(')i) tons. At present a large lens is 
 being mined by a drift, which has been driven 60 feet in ore. Devel- 
 opment at this property is expensive, as the lenses of ore do not outcrop 
 and considerable unproductive prospecting has l)een found necessary. 
 The high grade of the ore makes a good profit possible, however, in | 
 spite of high costs. The operators expect to make a total production i 
 of about 1000 tons for 1918. Teams and one auto truck are used for 
 hauling, the truck being kept in practically continuous service, day 
 and night. 
 
 Pt. Sal. Deposits of chromite occur in the hills southwest of Pt. Sal, 
 and in the San Rafael Mountains, south of Santa Inez. As these occur- 
 rences are small and inaccessible, they have never been developed. 
 
 Bibl. : Cal. State Min. Bur., Report on Mines and Mineral Re- 
 sources of Santa Barbara County, 1916. 
 
 SANTA CLARA COUNTY. 
 
 Kilday Ranch Deposit. Several small lenses of chromite have been 
 developed on this property which lies along the top of a ridge, pro])ably 
 1000 feet in elevation above Guadalupe Caiion and eight miles south- 
 east of Los Gatos. The ridge here is capped with a decomposed ser- 
 pentine, and chromite has been found at several different places, but 
 thus far no large deposit has been uncovered, and there is very little ore 
 now exposed. About eighty tons of the ore was shipped out by the 
 Farish Co., Insurance Exchange Bldg., San Francisco, during 1916, 
 but no work has been done since. M. J. Kilday of Los Gatos is the 
 owner. 3! 
 
 Laurel Lake Ranch Deposit. J. A. Ferbrache of Gilroy, is develop- 
 ing a deposit of high grade black chromite on his property seven miles 
 northwest of Gilroy. The serpentine in which the chrome ore occurs 
 outcrops prominently along the ridge south of Uvas Creek. Associated 
 with the serpentine is a peridotite, thin sections of which have been 
 examined microscopically and show phases high in olivine, and also 
 approaching augite picrite. Although still retaining its original out- 
 lines, much of the olivine is seen to be altered to serpentine. One large 
 boulder was uncovered in the loose soil capping and a tunnel is 
 being driven to cut some leaders which occur in the serpentine above. 
 There have been some shipments since the property Avas visited. 
 
 Winship Properties, K. D. Winship, #350 Post Street, San Francisco, 
 owner; C. W. Rose and M. J. Gates, lessees, :tf211 Pacific Street, Santa; 
 Cruz. Chromite occurs on Sec. 11, T. 6 S., R. 4 E., and. on SW. | Sec.; 
 7, T. 6 S., R. 5 E., M. D. M. Holbrook and McGuire, as sub-lessees in! 
 the summer of 1917, shipped several carloads of high grade chroraitCj 
 from this property.* 
 
 *Since the above was written, T. & S. O'Brien et al., 75 Fremont St., San Francisco, 
 have leased this Sec. 11, and are building a 50-ton concentrating mill (September, 
 1918). 
 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 181 
 
 I 
 
 ^m SHASTA COUNTY. 
 
 ^■Tn the northwestern corner of Shasta County there is an area in which 
 WR-pentine and l)asic igneous rocks more or less altered to serpentine 
 'occur abundantly. They are contained within the area mapped- by 
 ' Smith^ as "Paleozoic metamorphics undifferentiated: including lime- 
 stones, slates and associated igneous and metamorphie rocks of the 
 Klamath ^Mountains, " which extends from near Lamoine, northeasterly 
 to and beyond Dunsmuir. Though this metamorphie area appears on 
 both sides of the Sacramento River north of Gibson, no serpentine nor 
 chromite have as yet been reported east of the river. From the north- 
 ern end of this serpentine belt has come the second largest single lens of 
 chromite thus far developed in the United States. From the Little 
 Castle Creek mine on the creek of the same name near Dunsmuir, on the 
 Shasta-Siskiyou County line, the records of the State Mining Bureau 
 show that upwards of 15,000 tons of chromite were shipped from 1900 
 to the end of 1916. Much of the chromite in this district is massive and 
 high grade, but some disseminated orebodies have been noted in at 
 least one locality. 
 
 Andrews Claim. Asa E. Andrews, Lamoine, in June, 1917, was 
 developing a chrome prospect northwest of Lamoine, but the Bureau 
 has no data to hand as to whether any shipments of ore have as yet 
 been made. 
 
 Davis Group. (Including Sunshine Claim of Davis and Miller in 
 Sec. 13; and the Live Oak claim of Davis in Sec. 24.) J. A. Davis, 
 Hazel Creek, post otfice, and San Rafael, has claims located on a govern- 
 ment 40 A. in Sec. 13, T. 37 N., R. 5 W., M. D. M., also in Sec. 24, and 
 a lease on railroad land in portions of Sees. 13, 23 and 25 in the same 
 township. In June he had taken out a small tonnage of medium grade 
 chromite ore; but had not as yet made any shipments, which would go 
 via wagon road to Sims station (Hazel Creek, post office) on the main 
 line of the Southern Pacific Railroad. It is stated that some ore was 
 shipped from this Sec. 13 several years ago. Some sericite and chro- 
 mium chlorite are associated with the chromite. 
 
 Deick Claims. AValter Deick, Hazel Creek, has locations on a 
 chromite prospect west of Sims station. 
 
 Forest Queen and Gray Eagle Chrome g-roups. Union Chrome Com- 
 pany, owner, #180 Sutter Street, San Francisco; E. A. Wiltsee, Presi- 
 dent and Manager. These properties on Boulder Creek, west of Gibson 
 siding, were bought in 1916 from the locators, by the above named 
 company, who operated quite extensively during that year. The Forest 
 'Queen :\Iine is in the NW. j of Sec. 22, T. 37 N., R. 5 W., M. D. M. 
 
 'Smith, J. P., Geological map of California, accompanying The geologic formations 
 of California: Cal. State Min. Bur. Bull. No. 72, p. 9, 1910. 
 
182 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Irregular shaped ore bodies occurring in peridotite have been opened 
 by inclines and tunnels. The main workings consisted of a 50' cross-cut 
 at an elevation of 4420', to an orebody striking N. 40° E. and pitching 
 45° NW. The ore had been stoped for 150' in length and 100' in 
 depth. The body varied from 0'-4' in width. The stopes are con- 
 nected by a 60' incline shaft just west of the tunnel entrance. 
 
 At an elevation of 4450' is a 50' tunnel with a 16' incline showing ore 
 from 12" to 18" wide and from 6' to 10' high. The ore appeared to 
 run about 50% CraOg. 
 
 38. Trucks at Gibson Siding hauling chromite ore from the Forest Queen MinCj 
 
 Shasta County. 
 
 Photo No. 
 
 The Jumbo, or lower tunnel, at an elevation of 4400', had been run 
 N. 33° W. for a distance of 135'. A drift on the 30' level had been ml 
 east for 15' and one on the 40' level had been run east for 25'. Only 
 about 15 tons of ore were said to have been taken from the first drift ant 
 none from the second. 
 
 . The ore from the different workings was dropped to the tram levelj 
 at an elevation of 4300', in a 150' incline chute. About 1000 tons of on 
 averaging 43% CroO, and 5 to 6% SiO, were reported to have beei 
 produced from the property, 100 tons of which were shipped in 1917 
 
 Gill et al. had a small tonnage of medium-grade chromite on th 
 freight platform at Gibson siding north of Lamoine, shipment of whic! 
 it was stated was being held up on account of litigation. This ore cam< 
 from a deposit on Shotgun Creek about a mile above the Sacramentc 
 Eiver. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 183 
 
 Grafton Claim. George Grafton, Lamoine, is reported to have a 
 chrome prospect eight miles northwest of Lamoine. 
 
 Hearst Property. Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst, Hearst Building, San 
 
 Francisco, owner; F. J. Solinsky, Jr., lessee, #729 New Call Building, 
 
 San Francisco. Some ore has been shipped by the lessee from lenses 
 
 opened up on land owned by Mrs. Hearst, southwest of Dunsmuir, and 
 
 near the Little Castle Creek properties. From two to eight men were 
 
 employed. Hauling to the railroad is done with teams. 
 
 tr Hoy Claims. E. K. Hoy, Dunsmuir, in June had 2 men at work 
 
 ■ developing a chromite prospect on Sec. 15, T. 37 N., R. 5 W., three miles 
 
 ■south of west from Sims. The chromite is massive and apparently high 
 
 grade. Hauling would be done via Gibson. 
 
 Ida Chrome Group. Locations in this group on Sec. 25, T. 37 N., 
 R. 5 W., M. D. M., on Campbell Creek near Sims are stated to have 
 lapsed and are now included in the Davis group (see ante.) 
 
 Little Castle Creek Mine (formerly also known as the Brown Mine), 
 California Chrome Company, owner; E. F. Price, president. Forty- 
 second St. Building, New York, N. Y. ; Geo. H. Lindsay, assistant secre- 
 tary; J. B. Huffard, vice-president and manager, Kohl Building, San 
 
 Photo No. 39. Edge of caved ground at surface of Little Castle Creek Mine, after extraction 
 
 of the ore by caving system, 
 
 li 
 
fa) Plan 
 
 seco 
 
 NO LE 
 
 ^EL 
 
 -•'";-fl--rr"'?^^^ 
 
 A., 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 0" 
 
 PLATE V 
 
 H'"5. 
 
 ,f?5 
 
 b«^ 
 
 tf. 
 
 (b) Longitudinal Section through A -A 
 
 rcrop. ^inf-ef Diseorcrf 
 
 CCOND LEVCL 
 
 ^^r^^^^^^_ 
 
 LorycK ruNHLL 
 
 (c)Transverse Section through B-B 
 
 FIRST LLVEL 
 
 COND LBVEL 
 
 Loiyer Tunnel 
 
 bCALE 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING-BUREAU' 
 ' I 
 
 Sections OF Chromite Deposi 
 
 ON 
 
 Little Castle Creek 
 
 SHASTA CO, CAL. 
 
 ACCOMP*"lN6 8uLLCT)li HfTS ATTCR i 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 185 
 
 Francisco. This property is in Sec. 2, T. 3f8 N., R. 4 W., about three miles 
 south of west from Duusnuii.', on the ridge on the south side of Little 
 Castle Creek, and on the Shasta-Siskiyou county line. Most of the ore 
 has come from the Shasta side of the line. The claims were located in 
 1906 by L. H. Brown of Dunsmuir, who operated them more or less 
 continuously up to July. 1^1-''. ^vl^^^n he sold to the present owners. 
 
 Photo No. 40. Aerial tramway at Little Castle Creek Mine of the California 
 Chrome Company, Shasta County. 
 
 This deposit has yielded the largest tonnage of any single lens or segre- 
 gation of chromite yet developed in the United States (except one at 
 Lancaster, Pa., early in the 19th century), the records of the State 
 Mining Bureau showing a production of approximately 15,000 tons to 
 
 the end of 1916. 
 
 The lens apexed at the surface and Brown worked it through adit 
 crosscuts and stopes. The present owners drove a lower crosscut, which 
 
186 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 bottomed the lens, through to the farther wall of the ore body; then 
 stoped the ore out by adopting a system of allowing the ground to cave 
 behind them. The effect of this at the surface is seen in part in Photo 
 No. 39. Amphibole asbestos is associated with the orebody on one 
 wall and a talc gouge up to 2' thick on the other wall. On the asbestos 
 side some disseminated ore occurs. Outside of the talc gouge the 
 country rock is an enstatite peridotite in part altered to serpentine. 
 Occurring in vesicles or vugs in the chromite, in places were found 
 some beautiful wiue-eolored crystals of the chromium chlorite mica 
 (kammererite or kotzchubeite.) 
 
 Photo No. 41. Ford-motor locomotive and train (30" guage) for hauling chromite to 
 main-line railroad, by California Chrome Company, near Dunsmuir. 
 
 J 
 
 The following description and accompanying drawings are taken fro 
 a recent report by Diller^ from material furnished through the courtesy 
 of Mr. J. R. Van Fleet,' engineer in charge for the California Chrome 
 Company : 
 
 "The ore body on the first mine level is 146 feet long in a direction N. 40° E. and 
 40 feet wide, with a height of 54 feet. On the second mine level 30 feet below, the 
 length increased to nearly 160 feet but decreased by half in width and thickness. 
 
 "The country rock of the chromite ore body is in part peridotite but chiefly pyrox- 
 enite, which exhibits large cleavage surfaces often several feet in extent. These 
 cleavage surfaces are sometimes spotted with grains of olivine, giving the surface a 
 decidedly greenish color. Along the east wall the pyroxenite has been altered into 
 serpentine, which gradually merges into the parent rock in a few feet. On the south 
 
 'Diller, J. S., Chromite in 1916: U. S. Q. S., Min. Res. of U. S., 1916, Part I, 
 pp. 28-30. 1917. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 187 
 
 end of the ore body there was a mass of heavy black rock, probably dunite, which to 
 the uninitiated was easily mistaken for chromite. Along the east wall there was a 
 decided line of cleavage between the ore and the wall, the ore coming away freely 
 and clean; while on the west side there was no line of demarcation, the ore grading 
 off into the wall rock and often large masses of the wall rock intruding into the 
 ore body This same occurrence also existed on the top 10 feet of the south end. 
 The ore body was characterized by numerous seams throughout. These seams were 
 filled with a clay gouge containing fine particles of chromite and olivine, were from 
 the thickness of a knife blade to several inches in width, and the surfaces of the 
 chromite adjacent were smooth but showed no striations due to faulting. There was 
 no system of these seams apparent except that they were generally wedge-shaped, 
 always with the large end down, making the ore exceedingly hcavv and hard to hold 
 with timbers. There was one well-defined fault, which penetrated the ore body about 
 through its center of mass in a northwesterly direction, and like the ore body dipped 
 to the northeast about 75°. The position of this fault is shown at both levels on the 
 plan of the deposit submitted. No evidence of any vertical throw was found, but 
 there was a transverse or horizontal throw of about 5 feet on the first level. On the 
 second level there was no throw observed. Along this fault plane there was a zone 
 of about 4 feet in thickness of muddy clay containing fragments of chromite from fine 
 particles to several hundred pounds in size. The walls of the adjacent chromite were 
 smooth." 
 
 Photo No. 42. Jig used for concentrating low-grade chromite at Little Castle Creek Mine of 
 
 California Chrome Company, Shasta County. 
 
 The shipping- ore averaged 45%-48% CroOj. An aerial tramway 
 1600' in length (see photo No. 40) transported the ore from the mine 
 to the loading bunker at the creek, whence it was hauled over a 30-inch 
 gauge railroad one mile to the main line of the Southern Pacific, south 
 of Dunsmuir. A Ford-motor locomotive, geared down, furnished the 
 power (see photo No. 41) and side-dump cars were used. The operat- 
 ing cost for oil and gasoline is stated to have been $1.00 per day for 
 hauling 50 tons, the distance of one mile. The topography is very steep, 
 the elevation at the creek level being 3000' (U. S. G. S.), and approxi- 
 
188 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 mately 4000' at the upper terminal of the tram. A jig (see photo No. 42) , 
 such as is used at the electric smelter at Niagara Falls, New York, 
 for cleaning ferro-chrome slag, was being used to concentrate low grade 
 and disseminated ore from the waste dumps. This jig handled 10 tons 
 ])er 8 hours, and was driven by attaching a lower-gear wheel to the 
 drive shaft of the Ford locomotive, above-mentioned. The sand (hutch) 
 c(mcentrate assayed 38% Cr.O^, and the coarse concentrate 43%. Be- 
 ing a large orebody and favorably situated, mining and transportation 
 costs were here much lower than the average obtaining for chrome min- 
 ing in California. While this main lens appears to have been worked 
 out, it is thought that further development work may yet reveal others, 
 as there are others in the same belt nearby. 
 
 Bibl. : Mines & Mineral Res. of Shasta et al. counties, p. 11, 1915; 
 also in Report XIV, p. 755, 1916. U. S. G. S., Min. Res. of U. S., 
 1916, Pt. I, pp. 28-30. 
 
 Lone Pine Claim. E. A. Curtis has a claim located on a chromite 
 prospect in Sec. 13, T. 37 N., R. 5 W. 
 
 Miles & Westover Claims. I). E. Miles, #1515 Lafayette street, 
 Alameda, and Wm. Westover, Hazel Creek, have claims located on 
 chromite prospects in Sees. 14 and 34, T. 37 N., R. 5 W., near Sims 
 station. 
 
 Miller Claims. Fred Miller et al.. Hazel Creek, have a group of 
 four or five claims located on chromite prospects near Gibson siding, 
 and some ore has been shipped this year. 
 
 The Noble Electric Steel Company (formerly Priem & Dougherty 
 group; also known as Shotgun Creek Mines) #995 Market Street, San 
 Francisco, has two patented claims in Sec 24, and one in Sec. 13, T. 37 
 N., R. 5 W., on Shotgun Creek south of west from Sims station. Sev- 
 eral years ago when these claims were operated by the former owners, 
 a total of approximately 3000 tons^ of chromite was shipped for use in 
 furnace bottoms at a number of copper smelters in several western 
 states, particularly at the Bully Hill and Keswick smelters in Shasta 
 County. The ore is massive, high-grade chromite, occurring in irregu- 
 lar lenses in serpentine. The present owners have reopened these mines 
 and resumed shipments in 1917. 
 
 Bibl. : Bull. 38, pp. 270-271, 1906 ; Mines & Mineral Res. of Shasta 
 et al. counties; p. 11, 1915; Report XIV, p. 755, 1916. 
 
 Shotg-un Creek Mines— See Gill ; also Noble Electric Steel Company. 
 Sperry Prospect. P. and Clarence Sperry, Lamoine, have a chro- 
 mite prospect on Shoemaker Mountain near Lamoine. 
 
 ^Forstner. Wm., et al., Structural and Industrial Minerals of California: Cal. State 
 Min. Bur., Bull. 3S, p. 271, 1906. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 189 
 
 SIERRA COUNTY. 
 
 The Camptonville clnomc property is si.\ miles northeast of Caiiip- 
 lonville on the road to Brandy City. Chrome ore occurring in serpen- 
 tine was mined and hauled to Oroville. About 180 tons of ore, averaging 
 over 45% CroOg are said to have been shipped in the fall of 1916. 
 
 The Gibsonville chrome property is in Sec. 29, T. 22 N., R. 10 E., 
 M. D. M., two miles east of Gibsonville, at an elevation of 5800'. It 
 includes five claims called Chrome Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, owned by W. T. 
 Baldwin of Oroville, and Leon Cluff and G. W. Chamberlain of Quincy. 
 
 Bodies of chrome ore occur in serpentine and peridotite. The work- 
 ings on No. 1 claim are 300^ west of the road to llowland Flat, on the 
 east side of Slate Creek at an elevation of 5300'. An orebody striking 
 east-west and pitching 85° south had been open cut 10' deep and 16' 
 long on the west face of the hill. The deposit looked as though it might 
 open out if followed eastward into the hill. Approximately 20 tons 
 of ore had been corded for shipment. 
 
 Development work on No. 2 claim had been done on a ridge NE. of 
 Gibsonville above the road to Rowland Flat. A lens of chromite 
 4' wide, 5' deep and 10' long had been mined, which struck N. 45° E. 
 and pitched 80° NW. About eight tons of 38-40% ore had been piled 
 for shipment. 
 
 A claim owned b}^ Leon Cluff on the southeast slope of the same hill, 
 had yielded 35 tons of 45% ore. The chrome occurred in form of a 
 chimney, 6' by 8', which narrowed at a depth of 10 feet. 
 
 An assay of ore taken from the three claims is said to have averaged 
 over 40% CrgOs. Three men were employed. 
 
 SISKIYOU COUNTY. 
 
 The districts in Siskiyou Countj^ in which chromite has so far been 
 developed commercially are in the vicinity of Callahan, Etna Mills, 
 Fort Jones, Yreka and Gazelle. In addition, occurrences as yet un- 
 developed have been noted near Hamburg and west of Sisson. These 
 are found in disconnected areas of serpentine all of which appear to be 
 within the areas mapped by Smith^ as "Paleozoic metamorphics un- 
 differentiated ; including limestones, .slates and associated igneous and 
 metamorphic rocks of the Klamath INIountains." So far as developed, 
 the best grade of ore in this county has come from the Callahan 
 district, where the chromite occurs more in the massive form and in 
 larger lenses. The writer also noticed that in the Callahan district the 
 alteration of the original peridotites to serpentine seems not to have pro- 
 ceeded to as advanced a stage as in the districts to the north. In the 
 region about Yreka, particularly, considerable sericite and chromium 
 
 (1) Smith, J. P.. Geological map of California, accompanying. The geologic forma- 
 tions of California: Cal. State Min. Bur., Bull. No. 72, p. 9, 1916. 
 
190 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 chlorite witli some ehronie ochre are associated with the chrouiite. At 
 Callahan the principal avssociated secondary mineral is the green 
 chrome-garnet, nvarovite, some beautiful crystals of which were 
 obtained, by the writer at The Chrome Mine of Alonzo Bingham, south- 
 west of Callahan. Geologically, the Coggins mine on Little Castle 
 Creek south of Dunsmuir belongs with the district north from Lamoine 
 in Shasta County^ though this one mine of that belt is on the Siskiyou 
 side of the county line. 
 
 The railroad shipping point for the Etna Mills and Fort Jones 
 districts is Yreka, which is the terminus of the Yreka Railroad con- 
 necting with the Southern Pacific at Montague. The deposits are from 
 15 to 35 miles from Yreka. Ore from the Callahan district reaches the 
 Southern Pacific Railroad at Gazelle, which is 28 miles from Callahan. 
 
 Bibl. : Cal. State Min. Bur., Bull. 38, pp. 272, 363 ; Report on Mines 
 and Mineral Resources of Shasta et al. counties, p. 72, 1915; 
 Report XIV, p. 816, 1916. 
 
 Ball Ranch, IMrs Ball, owner, Etna Mills; G. S. Marks, lessee, 
 Etna Mills. From this prospect in Sec. 16, T. 41 N., R. 9 W., M. D. M., 
 near Etna Mills, the lessee had, when visited in May, 1917, shipped a 
 few tons of medium-grade chromite from two small open-cuts. The 
 lenses of ore appear to be small. 
 
 Bingham's Mine. See The Chrome Mine. 
 
 Burns Ranch (formerly Harris Ranch). W. L. Burns, owner, 
 Gazelle. Patented. This is on Willow Creek, in Sec. 16, T. 42 N., 
 R. 6 W., M. D. M., four miles west of Gazelle. The Shasta River irri- 
 gation ditch passes through the ranch a few yards below the chromite 
 deposit. The lens so far as developed is flat-lying and small, and 
 there is also some disseminated chromite in the serpentine surrounding 
 the main orebody. One carload of ore was shipped in 1916 by lessees, 
 a portion of which is stated to have analyzed 56%, but most of the 
 material in sight when visited by the writer was of only medium 
 grade. There is still some loose float scattered over the hillside in the 
 vicinity, so that there may be other lenses not yet uncovered. About 
 one-fourth of a mile to the w^est of the chrome ore is an occurrence of 
 chrysotile asbestos, in which a shallow, prospecting cut has been made. 
 The material is somewhat hard and brittle, but fibres up to one and one- 
 fourth inches were noted. 
 
 Butcher Hill Deposits. Messrs McNulty and Wurster of Yreka, 
 each own 40 acres on W' hat is know'n locally as ' ' Butcher Hill ' ' about one 
 mile east of town. On the east side of the hill on the Wurster ground 
 there is an open cut from which a few tons of medium to low-grade 
 
 •See p. 181, ante. 
 
MANGANEvSE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 191 
 
 chrome ore have been dug, but none shipped. At least three small 
 lenses had been uncovered. Tlie ehromite is mixed with black sei-pen- 
 tine and serieite. There is a bod}'' of limestone on the northwest side 
 of the hill apparently in contact with the serpentine. In a saddle at 
 the west side of the hill, on the McNulty ground a shallow shaft had 
 been sunk in the serpentine, and about two tons of a fair quality of 
 ehromite found. It was characterized bj^ veins of the green ehrome- 
 chlorite. The railroad passes within one-fourth mile of these deposits. 
 Coggfins Deposit. iVrthur L. Coggins, owner, Dunsmuir. This 
 deposit is three miles south of west from Dunsmuir, on the opposite 
 
 Photo No. 43. Loading bunker for ehromite ore at Little Castle Creek near Dunsmuir, for 
 the California Chrome Company and Coggins mines. 
 
 (north) side of the canon and one-third of a mile below the Little Castle 
 Creek mine of the California Chrome Company,^ which is mainly on the 
 Shasta side of the Shasta-Siskiyou County line. The ore is transferred 
 by an aerial tramway from the workings on the steep mountain-side to 
 'a loading platform beside the narrow-gauge tracks of the California 
 Chrome Company, whence it is hauled to the bins on the Southern 
 Pacific main line (see Photo No. 43). The ehromite occurs both mas- 
 sive and disseminated in the peridotite noted in the description of the 
 
 'See p. IS 3, ante. 
 
192 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 neighboring property across the canon. The average grade of the fir.st 
 1000 tons of ore shipped by Coggins was 40% Cr^Oa; but it had to be 
 hand-picked to maintain the grade. lie reports the following analysis 
 of a representative sample : 
 
 Constituent. 
 
 Cr.Oa — 
 
 MgO 
 
 SiO, 
 
 ALOs 
 
 FeO 
 
 Per cent. 
 
 * 38 
 
 20 
 
 32 
 
 !) 
 
 19 
 
 Photo No. 44. Upper working of Coggins Chrome Mine on Little Castle 
 Creek, near Dunsmuir, Siskiyou County. 
 
 The deposit was being Avorked on two levels, and of approximately 
 1500 tons shipped previous to June, 1917, nearly all was from the upper 
 cut and adit. (See Photo No. 44.) 
 
 In the lower cut another lens of apparently higher grade material was 
 being opened up when visited. In the disseminated ore at the upper 
 
 H 
 
^Pdi 
 
 MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 193 
 
 rkings, the small nodules and segregations of elironiite average about 
 ^ inch in diameter to f inch long. At the surface where the ferro- 
 
 j magnesian minerals have weathered to a red soil, these ehromite nodules 
 
 ! from an aggregate resembling beans, and it is known locally as 'bean' 
 ore. (See Photo No. 45.) Coggins stated that tests were being 
 
 || made toward concentrating this material, as a sample of the washed 
 
 j nodules had shown an analysis of over 40% Cr^Oa- 
 
 Photo No. 45. 'Bean' ore, at Coggins Chrome Mine, showing effect of weathering on dis- 
 ^ seminated chromife ore. 
 
 IB Cramer Ranch, Chas. Harris, owner ; Edward F. Harris, lessee, 
 Wmna, Mills. This prospect is in Sec. 22. T. 44 N., R. 8 W.. M. D. M., on 
 fi branch of Scott River near Fort Jones and about 14 miles from Yreka. 
 The lessee was developing a lens of ehromite in serpentine, and had 
 taken out a few tons of medium grade ore. He reported that he had 
 found ehromite also on the SW. ^ of SW. ] of Sec. 23, T. 44 N., R. 8 W., 
 and had applied to the Southern Pacific Railroad Compan}', the owner, 
 for a lease. 
 
 Chromjte Group, J. F. Dwyer, owner. Yreka. This group of 13 
 claims, designated as Chromite #1-P3 inclusive, is in Sees. 15, 22 and 23, 
 T. 46 N., R. 11 W., M. D. M., three miles west of Hamburg on the north 
 
 13— 3S958 
 
194 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 side of the Klamath River, and 48 miles from the railroad at Horn- 
 brook. It is on the opposite side of the river from the county road. 
 The deposit was found by an Indian in 1912, but development work 
 was only begun the past summer. The property was not visited by the 
 writer, but Dwyer reported that both massive high-grade ehromite and 
 a large body of low-grade disseminated ore occur. The latter resembles 
 the 'leopard ore' described at the Pilliken mine in El Dorado County.^ 
 It is proposed to concentrate this material. The country rock is an 
 altered peridotite. The orebody is exposed 20 feet wide at the surface 
 and is traceable for a length of 1200 feet. An 18-foot shaft has been 
 sunk (December 3, 1917) on high-grade ore, and a cross-cut tunnel 
 is stated also to have cut the ore at 30 feet below the surface. An 
 aerial tramway could readily transfer the ore across the river to the 
 county road, from which point Dwyer estimates that the haul of 48 
 miles to Hornbrook can be made with motor trucks at a cost of 25^ 
 per ton-mile.^ Dwyer also has a bond on a group of chrome claims on 
 the south side of Eddy Mountain, southwest of Sisson. About six miles 
 of wagon road will have to be built before shipments can be made. 
 
 Davis Prospect, 11. L. Davis^ owner, Callahan. This claim located in 
 May, 1917, is on the western side of Blue Jay Meadows, in Sec. 10 ( ?), 
 T. 39 N., R. 9 W., M. D. M., about 10 miles from Callahan. Elevation, 
 6000 feet. It is about a mile west of Bingham's mine; and development 
 work was just starting on a small outcrop of high-grade ehromite, when 
 the district was visited by the writer late in May. There was still 
 some snow on the ground at that time. 
 
 Dexter Ranch, Geo. Dexter, owner, Montague. A deposit of ehro- 
 mite on this ranch, four miles west of north from Montague, was opened 
 up under lease by C. F. Dougherty of Porterville in 1916 and several 
 carloads shipped. The ore occurred in a series of small lenses in 
 serpentine more or less connected, and was worked by an open cut and 
 drift (see Photo No. 46) about 50 feet long. The ore shipped aver- 
 
 'See p. 140, ante. 
 
 ==Since the above was written, S. H. Dolbear of San Francisco has taken over oper- 
 ation of this property (also referred to as the Klamatli Chrome Mine). A bridge has 
 been built over the Klamath River, and ore shipments began in Julv, 1918. (See 
 Min. & Sci. Press, Aug. 24, 1918, pp. 252-253). 
 
 i 
 
MANGANESE AND CnROMIUM. 
 
 195 
 
 H^ed 36% Cr._,0.;. The crystal agfi;rvgat('s of jlic chromito arc somewhat 
 separated and surrounded with partings of sericite mica, an alteration 
 product from the serpentine. It was stated that the property would 
 be reopened this year (1917) by the Union Chrome Company of San 
 Francisco, as lessee. 
 
 Photo No. 46. Chromite workings on Dexter Ranch, near Montague, 
 
 "Siskiyou County. 
 
 Dozier Deposit, Mr. Dozier, owner, Los Angeles; Noble Electric 
 Steel Company, lessee, #995 Market St., San Francisco; C. F. Dough- 
 erty, superintendent at mine. This is 12 miles from Gazelle, on agricul- 
 tural patented land in Sec. 2, T. 41 N., R. 7 W., M. D. M., on the north 
 side of the basin at the head of Scott Creek, and' about one mile southeast 
 lof where the Gazelle-Callahan road crosses the summit of the ridge. 
 A lens of chromite in the serpentine was opened up here in 1900 and 
 247 tons of high grade ore shipped. The old cut was 8' wide and 15' 
 
196 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 i 
 
 long, and })artly caved. When visited, a little ore was being taken 
 out from the edges of the old cut and an adit being driven to ge^ 
 under it. 
 
 Bibl. : Cal. State Min. Bur., Bull. No. 38, p. 272; Kep. on Mines and 
 
 Mineral Res. of Shasta et al. counties, p. 72, 1915 ; Report XIV^ 
 
 p. 816, 1916. 
 
 Dwyer Group. See Chromite Group. 
 
 Flederman Claims, A. G. & R. Fledernian, et al., owners, Yreka. 
 This chiim located in 1917, is in the S. i of SW. i, Sec. 10, T. 41 N, 
 R. 9 W., three miles from Etna Mills, and adjoins the Marks lease on 
 the Ball ranch. The chromite occurs in small lenses in serpentine. When, 
 visited, one man was working and had taken out a few tons of or^ 
 from an open-cut. The ore was sledded one-half mile to the auto-truck 
 road. Flederman also reports having made locations on a new find of 
 chromite in Sees. 4 and 8, T. 43 N., R. 8 W. Specimens of the ore 
 submitted to the writer appear to be of medium grade. 
 
 Flederman Leases, R. and A. G. Flederman, Yreka; W. H. Gasso- | 
 way, et al., Fort Jones; have leases on chromite deposits on the Light- 
 hill, King and Sharpe ranches near Fort Jones, in the hills on the 
 
 Photo No. 47. Chromite sacked, ready for shipment, from the Lighthill Ranch, near Fort 
 Jones, Siskiyou County. About 10 tons of ore came from this lens. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 
 
 197 
 
 east side of the Scott River Valley. The Lighthill ranch is in Sec. 28, 
 T. 43 N., R. 8 W., M. D. M. The chromite lenses are in serpentine, and 
 are worked by open cuts. These lenses were all small, the largest 
 one on this ranch up to the time visited having yielded 10 tons of 
 chromite (see Photo No. 47). The ore is sledded down the hill to the 
 auto-truck road. A 3|-ton Packard truck makes two round trips daily 
 to Yreka. The Frank Sharpe ranch is to the north of Lighthill 's, and 
 the Antone King ranch is next east of Sharpe 's. On both of these, 
 promising chromite prospects have been found, and preparations were 
 being made at the time of the writer's visit, to begin development 
 work. On some of the Lighthill ranch chromite, a white efflorescence 
 I appeared after exposure to the weather for a few days. A qualitative 
 i| analj'sis showed this white material to be hydromagnesite, doubtless 
 derived from the serpentine mixed with the chromite. The ore shipped 
 is stated to have assayed 47% Cr203. 
 
 Grant Chrome Prospect, Southern Pacific Railroad Company, owner ; 
 J. M. Grant, lessee, Etna Mills. The lessee was preparing to start 
 development on a chromite prospect in Sec. 25 (?) T. 42 N., R. 9 W., 
 M. D. M., two miles east of Etna ^Nlills, and near the county road. The 
 writer picked up some high-grade float on this prospect. 
 
 Grouse Creek Chrome Mine, E. C. Latchem, owner, via Gazelle or 
 Callahan. This is on a patented placer gold property at the junction 
 
 Photo No. 48. Cut in serpentine, from which a small lens (35 tons) of high-grade chromite 
 was taken, at the Grouse Creek Mine, Siskiyou County. 
 
198 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 of Grouse Creek with the east fork of Scott Kiver in Sec. 13, T. 40 N., 
 R. 8 W., and Sec. 19, T. 40 N., R. 7 W., M. D. M. Most of the chrome 
 has been found in Sec. 13. It is four miles east of Callahan and 25 
 miles from the railroad at Gazelle. The chromite occurs in lenses 
 in a serpentinized pyroxenite or peridotite. The lenses thus far 
 developed have been small (see Photo No. 48) but of massive, 
 high-grade chromite. Latchem states that some samples have assayed as 
 high as 64% CrgOg, and that no shipments yet sent out had averaged 
 under 50%. The ore is sacked and sledded a quarter-mile to the wagon 
 road, then two miles in wagons to where the auto trucks pick it up. The 
 mining is done by contract. 
 
 Harris Lease. See Cramer Ranch. 
 
 King- Ranch. Sec Fledennan Leases. 
 
 Lighthill Ranch. See Flederman Leases. 
 
 Marks Lease. See Ball Ranch. 
 
 Martin-McKeen Chrome Mine. Ilughey ^Martin and Stewart 
 McKeen, owners; in Sec. 34 (?), T. 40 N., R. 9 W., M. D. M., eight 
 miles from Callahan, on the South Fork of Scott River. This claim was' 
 located in 1916, and one carload of ore had been shipped up to June' 
 1st, 1917. The ore was packed on mule-back to a point three milas above 
 Callahan, and then hauled to Gazelle by motor trucks. The ore is high- 
 grade, averaging over 50% CroOg. The first orebody at the start of work 
 appeared to be large, but on extraction proved to be a shallow lens lying 
 with the slope of the hill, and yielded only about 30 tons. There wer6^ 
 several other 'prospects' not yet developed when visited. The green 
 chrome-garnet, uvarovite, and chrome ochre are as.sociated with the. 
 chromite. » 
 
 Masterson Group. C. J., Joseph, and Mrs. A. C. Masterson, owners!' 
 Callahan. This group in Sec. 14 (?) T. 40 N., R. 8 W., M. D. M., is oJ 
 a branch of the East Fork of Scott River at an elevation between 6000' 
 and 7000' above sea level ; and was under snow when the district was 
 visited by the writer in May, 1917. It was located in 1916, and thet' 
 owners stated their intentions to begin development work as soon agg 
 the snow was off. They reported a large outcrop of disseminated' 
 chromite ore, with some high-grade material. It is six miles from the 
 main road, but wagons can get to within two miles, wdiere pack mules 
 will be used. IMasterson estimates that it will cost at least $10 per 
 ton to transport the ore to the railroad. C. J. Masterson reports he^ 
 also has a small prospect at Mountain House, 12 miles from Gazelle, an^ 
 near the main road. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 199 
 
 McCarthy Claims. D. W. McCarthy of Scott Bar reports he has 
 chromite eroppings on two claims between Fort Jones and Scott Bar, at 
 14 and 24 miles, respectively, distant from Fort Jones. Undeveloped. 
 
 New Mills. Eugene C. Belknap of Yreka is reported to be con- 
 sidering the erection of a plant for the concentration of low grade 
 chromite ores (May, 1918). 
 
 Sharpe Ranch Deposit. See Plederman Leases. 
 
 Souza Ranch Deposit. Geo. Souza, OAvner; L. A. Milligan, lessee, 
 Yreka. It is one mile southwest of the post office at Yreka. From small 
 lenses of chromite in serpentine, the lessee had dug out about 10 tons of 
 medium-grade ore from two shallow trenches. No ore had been shipped. 
 Silica appears principally in the form of serieite and a pinkish chro- 
 mium-chlorite, separating the grains of chromite. These occurences of 
 chromite near Yreka are in an area of serpentine and peridotite which is 
 from ^ to f mile wide and at least seven miles long extending NE.-SW., 
 and passing through the northwestern part of the town of Yreka, 
 
 Sugar Creek Chrome Claim. G. H. Cory and Rex Sexton, owners, 
 Callahan; 12 miles northwest from Callahan. A number of small lenses 
 of chromite have been extracted. It is stated that 12 such segregations 
 were required to yield 7200 pounds of ore. A total of 12 tons were 
 shipped in the spring of 1917. When the district was visited by the 
 writer, they were idle, but Sexton was preparing to resume. 
 
 The Chrome Mine, Alonzo Bingham, owner, Callahan. This group 
 consists of two claims, in Sec. 12, T. 39 N., R. 9 W., M. D; M., on the 
 ridge between Fox Creek and the South Fork of Scott River, eight miles 
 from Callahan, five miles of which is by trail; elevation, approximately 
 6000 feet (U. S. G. S.). The locations were made in 1916, and nearly 
 200 tons of high-grade chromite ore were shipped that year, stated to 
 have analyzed 50%-54% CrjOg. There are several lenses of chromite in 
 serpentine, the three from which commercial production had so far come 
 being in alignment, but so far as developed not shown to be actually 
 connected. The main open-cut and stope are on the lowest of these 
 (see Photo No. 49). From this lowest lens, considerable chromite float 
 was noted by the writer for some distance down the mountain-side. 
 When visited the stope was 4'x6' wide, with chromite still showing in 
 the face and sides. The chromite is mostly massive and high grade, but 
 there is some disseminated ore on the edge of the lens. Crystals of the 
 green chrome-garnet, uvarovite, occur in some of the fractures in the 
 chromite. There are other lenses nearby not yet developed. The ore 
 
200 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 is sacked and packed by mules to the motor-truck road for transporta- 
 tion to the railroad at Gazelle. Transportation costs were $12 per ton 
 to pack to Callahan and $5 per ton by motor-truck, 28 miles, Callahan to 
 Gazelle. 
 
 Photo No. 49. The Chrome Mine (Bingham Group), main cut and stope, 
 near Callahan, Siskiyou County. 
 
 Bingham also has a claim located on a chromite prospect on Sec. 
 35, T. 40 N., R. 9 W., near the trail to his upper mine. 
 
 Valine Ranch Prospect, Antone Valine, owner, Yreka, adjoining 
 the Souza Ranch on the north. T. W. "Williamson and Geo. C. Erwin, 
 as lessees, were preparing to start development work at a point where 
 several small bunches of chromite showed in a shallow trench. 
 
 Wilson Ranch Prospect. On the Wilson Ranch on Moffit Creek 
 near Fort Jones, Joe IMorris and a Mr. Wilson were preparing to develop 
 a chromite prospect. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 201 
 
 Wurst Prospect. Wm. Wurst, Callahan, reports lie has located 
 chromite a short distance south of Bingham's group described above. 
 
 SONOMA COUNTY. 
 
 Several deposits of chrome ore occur in a belt of serpentine that strikes 
 northwestward through the western portion of the county. It is along 
 this serpentiuized area that some of the large magnesite deposits occur, 
 notably those in the Red Slide district, north of Cazadero. It is reported 
 that a large tonnage of chromite was shipped from the land of the 
 Asti Colony, three miles southwest of Cloverdale, over 20 years ago. 
 This was the only production made until quite recently, when several 
 other deposits were located. These have all proven to be small, and very 
 little chrome ore is now being developed in this county. 
 
 Geo. Madeira of Healdsburg, located a deposit of chromite adjoin- 
 ing his magnesite claims in Sec. 31, T. 9 N., R. 10 W., eight miles north 
 of Guerneville. The chromite occurs as small lenses in decomposed 
 serpentine along the summit of a ridge at an elevation of 1400 ft. above 
 sea level. A good road runs within a mile of the deposit which is 
 reached by a trail. About 100 tons of chromite were mined in 1916 
 from several small superficial kidneys by open cut and trenches. The 
 ore said to assay 34% chromic oxide, is lying on the dumps and no 
 further work has been done. The owner wishes to dispose of this 
 property, which comprises 40 acres. 
 
 Meeker Chrome Mine. M. C. Meeker Estate, of Camp Meeker, 
 owner ; S. H. Dolbear, Merchants National Bank Bldg., San Francisco, 
 lessee. There are 1400 acres under lease, but the principal develop- 
 ment, thus far (July. 1918) has been in Sec. 16, T. 7 N., R. 10 W., 
 M. D. M., 2^ miles W. of N. from Camp Meeker station. There are 
 several lenses of chromite in a belt of serpentine, from one of which 
 Meeker dug out several tons of ore about 30 years ago but made no 
 shipments. The present lessee began operations in November, 1917. 
 Most of these lenses are small, yielding from 5 to 10 tons, so far. 
 The largest one had yielded 150 tons up to July, 1918 (see Photo 
 No. 50), and still showed a face of 4' of ore in the bottom of the stope. 
 A few feet beyond this lens, one of 75 tons had been mined out. The 
 ore assays 39%-40% Cr^Og. 
 
 The serpentine belt here strikes northwest, and chromite float has 
 been found in at least 50 places, of which 8 or 10 had yielded as much 
 as a w^agon-load each. 
 
 In addition to the above operations, a hand- jig was used to wash 
 the chromite out of an old dump. A shaft had been sunk at the side 
 of the ravine about 50 feet from the large open cut, and a crosscut 
 was being driven to get under the orebody. There were 12 men, on 
 
202 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Photo No. 50. Meeker Chrome Mine, near Camp Meeker, Sonoma County, showing 
 open cut and stope. Photo by C. J. Lyser. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 203 
 
 one shift, at work. There is plenty of timber at hand for mining 
 purposes. 
 
 Parmeter Ranch Deposit. Several small lenses of chromite were 
 developed on thi.s ranch, in 1916 by B. M. Bawman of Cazadero. It is 
 eight miles by road north of Cazadero near the Red Slide. Four car- 
 loads of ore, which is reported varied from 38% to 60% chromic oxide, 
 Avere shipped and the deposits were exhausted. 
 
 Shanks and Copps, 1302 Merchants National Bank Bldg., San Fran- 
 cisco, hold a lease on a property in Section 13, T. 10 N., R. 11 "W., nine 
 miles west of Geyserville on the ridge north of Skaggs Springs. The 
 ridge is capped with serpentine, in which a few small lenses of chromite 
 have been uncovered. Abundant float occurs along the slopes. Prob- 
 ably 20 tons of fairly high grade ore, that was mined from the several 
 pockets, is lying alongside of the road at the foot of the ridge. No 
 large lenses have been encountered and at the time visited, the property 
 was idle. J\Iiss L. Hallingren of Geyserville is the owner. 
 
 The Wanderer Mining Company, of 530 Hearst Bldg., San Fran- 
 cisco, is operating the Arcloin chrome mine, between Cloverdale and 
 Asti, west of the Skaggs Springs road. They report (September, 
 1918) having shipped one carload of ore. This deposit is of chromite 
 boulders in a bed of old river gravels, and is being worked through 
 a shaft. The extent of the deposit is not yet fully determined. 
 
 STANISLAUS COUNTY. 
 
 Stanislaus County became a producer of chrome ore early in 1916, 
 its existence, up to a short time previous, being unsuspected. A couple 
 of thousand tons have since been shipped out of the county, principally 
 to the plants of the Carnegie Steel Company. 
 I The deposits that are now being developed are situated on the east 
 slopes of the Coast Range Mountains, in the Arroyo del Puerto Caiion, 
 and its branches. The construction of the Patterson and Western 
 Railroad to reach the manganese deposits of the Mineral Products 
 Company* is mainly responsible for the development of these chromite 
 deposits, which, due to their inaccessibilit}^, could not otherwise be mined 
 upon a commercial basis. 
 
 The occurrences of chrome ore in this region may be grouped under 
 two heads: (1) Lenses of hard massive black ore, containing little or no 
 serpentine and having a Avell defined contact with the surrounding 
 serpentine, and, (2) Deposits of gray ore mixed with the serpentine 
 and grading into it. 
 
 *See report on manganese deposits, Santa Clara County, p. 76, ante ; also, general 
 flescrlption and map of district, under Alameda County, p. 24, ante. 
 
204 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 The serpentine belt is fairly extensive here, striking northwestward 
 with the trend of the mountains, and being evidently a continuation of 
 that in which the Cedar Mountain deposits of Alameda County occur. 
 
 In this same region are located the Red Mountain magnesite deposits, 
 as well as several old quicksilver mines, namely the Adobe Caiion, Deer 
 Park and Phoenix Mines. 
 
 "With shipping facilities close at hand, water for mining and milling 
 purposes, available throughout the year in Arroyo del Puerto, and a 
 temperate climate, this region offers considerable inducements to the 
 prospector, and undoubtedly other deposits will be located and de- 
 veloped. 
 
 Chrome Concentrating Co. San Francisco office, 501 First National 
 Bank Building. Owners, F. E. Harrison, W. R. Stuck and J. T. Carter, 
 
 The mill is located 21 miles west of Patterson near the Patterson 
 and Western N. G. R. R., over which concentrate will be shipped. 
 On March 8, the equipment comprised one 12" Blake crusher, two 5-foot 
 Huntington mills, with 40-mesh screen, a homemade hydraulic classifier 
 and two Overstrom concentrators. Sands and slimes alike were being 
 treated on the Overstrom machines, and some slime losses were being] 
 observed, which were to be overcome by the addition of a Dorr thick- 
 ener and slime table. Only one mill was in operation. This was found 
 capable of crushing one ton an hour when working at 72 revolutions 
 a minute. A 35 h.p. distillate engine furnished power. Ore carrying 
 from 15% to 20% Cr.Og gave a concentrate close to 53% . The owners 
 planned to complete the two units of the plant so that they would 
 have a capacity of 50 tons of ore daily. They anticipated doing custom 
 work for adjacent mines. 
 
 Lucky Girl .Prospect. It is in Sec. 22, T. 6 S., R. 5 E., one-half mile 
 by trail south of Camp Jones, the terminus of the Patterson and Western 
 Railroad, at an elevation of about 2000 ft., and 500 ft. above Peach Tree 
 Creek, a tributary of the Arroyo del Puerto. 
 
 A small open cut exposes an ore body 2 ft. wide and 9 feet high. 
 The ore is high grade, having a sharp contact with the serpentine. De- 
 velopment work had only recently started, so that no ore had been 
 produced. G. L. Fenster of Patterson was doing the development 
 work for the owner, ]\Irs. Zona Vaughan of Turlock, Cal. 
 
 McGuire, Holbrook, and Springer, Crocker Bldg., San Francisco, 
 have a ten-vear lease on two chrome claims in Adobe Cailon, about 1000 
 ft. south of a siding on the Patterson and Western Railroad, 23 miles 
 west of Patterson. Development work started in November, 1916, and 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM, 205 
 
 date over 300 tons of ore, Avhieli is reported to liave contained over 
 )% chromic oxide, have been shipped out from one deposit. It occurs 
 the form of an irregular lens in decomposed serpentine, varying from 
 le heavy gray ore to finel}^ disseminated particles in the serpentine. 
 This orebody has been developed for a length of 60 ft. by a tunnel, 
 width of 25 ft. by an open cut and drifts off of the tunnel, and a depth 
 ^f 40 ft. by a winze sunk in the tunnel near the portal. A few rich 
 pockets were encountered in these workings, and several thousand tons 
 ^f the low grade ore are exposed. It is said to run from 25% to 30% 
 jhromic oxide, not a sufficiently high percentage to be marketed with- 
 out concentration. Ninety feet below the tunnel, an adit is being driven 
 cut the lens from below. The shipping ore is hauled in 1-ton ears by a 
 lorse to a bunker at the railroad siding. The low grade is not being mined 
 at present, as it is expected to erect a concentration plant in the near 
 future. Water is available for milling purposes in Adobe Creek, below 
 the mine. 
 
 Twelve hundred feet southwest of this deposit, a tunnel is being 
 driven to develop a stringer of rich ore, which varies from 1 to 2 feet 
 in width, and appears to lie almost flat. It is now in 30 feet and several 
 tons have been sacked ready for shipment. There is only a narrow 
 trail connecting the two deposits. Six men are employed. J. S. Carter, 
 Patterson, Cal., is superintendent. 
 
 Mineral Products Company. A. F. Judd, Honolulu, president, 
 C. G. Bokus, secretary, Robert Anderson, Gen. Manager, home office, 
 Rialto Bldg., San Francisco. This company developed two lenses of 
 massive black chromite that occurred near the top of a ridge 500 ft. 
 in elevation above the Patterson and Western Railroad, at a point 
 19 miles west of Patterson. Over 1200 tons of chromite were shipped 
 from these two deposits before they were exhausted. Two small 
 deposits are now being mined in the Caiion del Puerto near Camp 
 Jones, yielding several tons daily. They occur in the form of high 
 grade stringers, varying from a few inches to a foot in width. The 
 ore has to be hand sorted. Tunnels are being driven along these stringers 
 and it is possible that they may open out into larger liodies. Other .small 
 eroppings of chromite occur on the property of the company, which 
 embraces over 5000 acres, but they have not as yet been developed. 
 
 J. H. Platner of Patterson is developing a small deposit of chromite 
 in Hide Out Caiion, about ^ mile east of Camp Jones. No ore has 
 been shipped. 
 
206 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 TEHAMA COUNTY. 
 
 The clironie ore deposits of Tehama County oecur in that belt of 
 serpentinized peridotite which follows the east slope of the Coast Ranges 
 from north to south throughout the western portion of the county, 
 at elevations which range from 2000 to 4000 ft. above sea level. Access 
 to the several deposits in this mountainous region is gained by several 
 good roads from Red Bluff, the shipping point. The deposits are all 
 located at distances which vary from 25 to 50 miles from the railroad, 
 and are inaccessible during the winter months. 
 
 The occurrences of chromite in this region may be grouped under 
 two heads; (1) lenses of hard massive black ore free from serpen- 
 tine and having a sharp contact with the surrounding country rock, and 
 (2) finely disseminated particles of black chromite in decomposed ser- 
 pentine. 
 
 Chromite was first produced in the county in 1886, and deposits were 
 mined spasmodically up to 1899, the production during that period being 
 over 5000 tons. No further work was done until 1915, when the demands 
 for chrome ore imposed by the war increased its value. Several 
 large deposits are now being developed, and with the successful con- 
 centration of the low'-grade ores, grouped under the second head, 
 Tehama County should become a dependable producer of this necessary 
 metal for years to come. 
 
 S. W. Hill of Red Bluff, Cal., is mining a deposit of chromite, for- 
 merly owned by the Tehama Consolidated Chrome Company, in Sec. 
 16, T. 25 N., R. 7 W. It is situated near the summit of a ridge between 
 the north and south forks of Elder Creek at an elevation of 2800 ft. 
 above sea level, 32 miles by road southwest of Red Bluff. The work is 
 confined to drifting along several narrow high grade lenses of black 
 chromite, exposed in the old "workings. There are no large orebodies 
 exposed. Four men are employed and the production varies from 1 to 
 5 tons daily. The ore is hauled down the mountain-side in a 5-ton 
 Jeffery Quad truck, then transferred to a loading platform, three miles 
 west of the mine to other trucks which haul it to Red Bluff, where it 
 is shipped to the Noble Electric Steel Company's smelter at Heroult. 
 
 Bibl. : Cal. State Min. Bur., Reports X, p. 692, XII, p. 38, XIII, 
 p. 50 ; Bull. 38, p. 272. 
 
 Kleinsorge Chrome Mine. This property discovered in 1916, 
 embraces Sections 22 and 27, T. 25 N., R. 7 W., and is 30 miles by road 
 southwest of Red Bluff. 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 207 
 
 Small crystals of chroinite arc disseininated tliroughout a zone of de- 
 composed serpentine, which is api)roxiniately one-fourtli of a mile wide, 
 extending north and south for two miles along a precipitous ridge that 
 lies at the head of the middle fork of Elder Creek, about one mile south 
 of the Hill and Noble Electric Company 's deposits. Numerous samples 
 have been taken throughout the zone, and it is reported that the ore 
 will average over the entire surface area 6% chromic oxide. Occasional 
 pockets or kidneys of massive black chromite are encountered in this 
 zone. Several such deposits are being worked as quarries, and from 
 one there was mined in an open cut 100 tons of ore which is reported 
 to assay 45% chromic oxide. This was piled on the dump awaiting the 
 completion of the 800 ft. aerial tramway, which was being constructed 
 to transport the ore from the upper workings to bunkers alongside of the 
 road. 
 
 It is expected to erect a concentration mill in the near future at the 
 tramway terminal to treat the low grade ores.^ Sufficient water for 
 milling purposes is available throughout the year in the middle fork of 
 Elder Creek. The road to the camp, four miles in length from the 
 main county road at Lowrey, has just been completed and the first ship- 
 ment of ore was to be made that week. Five ton auto trucks are to be 
 used to haul the ore to Red Bluff. 
 
 Mining costs here should be very low, as the work will be done 
 entirely by quarrying and due to the decomposed nature of the ore, 
 very little powder will have to be used. With the erection of the con- 
 centration plant, this property will become one of the most important 
 producers of chrome ore in the state. Twenty men are now employed. 
 W. E. Kleinsorge, 605 Peoples Bank Bldg., Sacramento, Cal., is the 
 owner. C. Jerrott is superintendent. 
 
 The Noble Electric Steel Company is mining a large deposit of 
 chromite adjoining the Hill deposit in Sec. 16, T. 25 N., R. 7 W. It, 
 too, was formerly the property of the Tehama Consolidated Chrome 
 Company, later being worked by J. A. Heslewood of Oakland, who sold 
 it in November, 1915, to the present operators. The deposit, which 
 occurs as a large irregular lens of high grade chromite in the serpentine, 
 is on the same ridge as the Hill deposit, at an elevation of about 1000 
 ft. above the north fork of Elder Creek. It is being mined by a 
 large open cut, the face of which is some hundred feet across and from 
 6 to 30 feet in height, exposing an orebody which varies from 3 to 10 
 ft. in width. There is a heavy overburden here, which must be stripped 
 
 'This plant is now (August, 191S) in operation. 
 
208 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 before mining the chrome, otherwise considerable sorting is necessary. 
 Another orebody, known as the No. 1 working, occurs several hundred 
 feet lower down the ridge. It was from here that most of the chromite 
 was mined by the old company, and only a few small stringers are now 
 exposed in the old workings. Five men are employed, the production 
 varying from 10 to 20 tons daily. The ore is hauled in motor trucks 
 to Red Bluff, under contract by S. W. Hill of Red Bluff. G. A. Eaton 
 is foreman at the mine. 
 
 l^ibl.: Cal. State Min. Bur., Reports X, p. 092, XIT, p. 8S, XUI,} 
 p. 50; Bull. 38, p. 272. 
 
 Photo No. 51. Elder Creek Chrome Mine of the Noble Electric Steel Company, 
 
 Tehama County. 
 
 Tedoc Chrome Mine. A group of 20 mineral claims have recently 
 been located to cover some chromite deposits which occur on the slopes 
 of Tedoc Mountain, at an elevation of over 4000 ft. in Sec. 28, T. 28 N., 
 R. 9 W. They occur in the form of lenses of massive black chromite, 
 which is evidently of high grade. Deposits have been found on several 
 of the claims, but very little development work has been done on them. 
 The larg&st deposit thus far uncovered is on the IMountain View Claim. 
 It appears to be a blanket, extending north and south down the ridge. 
 A series of trenches has been cut across it, showing a width of from 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 209 
 
 LO to 20 feet, throiigliont a length of 250 feet. Its thickness or depth 
 las not been determined. Th(^ iie.xi l)est showing is on the Dead Pine 
 paim, which lies to the east of, and ad.joining, the ^Mountain View. 
 [ere, two shallow cuts spaced 20 feet apart expose an ore))ody six feet 
 ide, which appears to be at right angles to the larger body. Small 
 nilders of chromite are found over the slopes on practically all of the 
 jlaims. 
 
 A 12 mik' road is being ])uilt to reach these deposits, from the Red 
 Unff-Beegum Road, which will make the haul to the railroad 53 miles. 
 )uring the summer 50 men were engaged in road building, and the 
 irst 5 miles of the new road had been completed. Motor-trucks are to 
 [aul the ore to Red Bluff, on a contract basis of $8.00 per ton. It is 
 ■xpected to start shipments not later than September 15th. The prop- 
 erty is owned by the Tedoc ^Mining Comi)any, under management of 
 Agard and Stewart, 268 ^Earket St., San Francisco. C. H. Philpot is 
 superintendent. 
 
 Toms Head Chrome Mine. It is located on the slopes of Toms Head 
 Peak, about midway between the Tedoc ]\Iine on the north, and the 
 i^lder Creek mines on the south, 35 miles by road west of Red Bluff. 
 Three to four hnndred tons of ore have been mined from a deposit 
 liy an open cut, and are lying on the dump. The ore is said to run 
 only 32% chromic oxide, and none has, as yet, been shipped from the 
 jn-operty, which is at present idle. J. A. Heslewood, 3908 Randolph 
 Ave., Oakland, is the owner. 
 
 TRINITY COUNTY. 
 
 In the region from Plummer Spring Ranger Station on the northwest' 
 to the headwaters of the South Fork of Trinity River and to Tedoc 
 Mountain there is an extensive occurrence of cherts and associated bodies 
 of serpentine. This area varies from two to six miles wide. Within 
 its boundaries there are a multitude of chromite occurrences. 
 
 The largest of these deposits is on Tedoc Mountain and is described 
 elsewhere in this report. A number of small deposits have been worked 
 on the upper course of the Hayfork. In 1916 the Manganese Compan}^ 
 of California built about three miles of road through very rocky country 
 to tap some chromite prospects on the upper Hayfork. They took out 
 about 216 tons of ore and have apparently suspended work. The writer 
 observed several such prospects in the area ; some were being held with- 
 out development work and others were open to entr3^ The district is 
 largely unprospected and little known and while parts of it are remote 
 from transportation there is a possibility that it may be made more 
 
 I 
 
 14—38958 
 
210 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 accessible if manganese prospects recently found there come up to 
 expectation. The chromite occurs in the serpentine as a rule in the 
 vicinity of the contact with the surrounding chert. 
 
 Crow Creek Group, (also known as the McConnell-Kirby, and as the 
 Chapman-Kirby claims), Neely Bros., owners, #70 Fremont St., San 
 Francisco. There are several claims in this group in Sec. 14, T. 38 N., 
 R. 6 W., M. D. M., on Crow Creek, a branch of the North Fork of East 
 Fork of Trinity River and 18 miles west of Castella. An 11-mile road to 
 connect with the motor-truck road of the Trinity Asbestos Mining 
 Co., to Castella is now [December, 1917] 70 per cent completed. De- 
 velopment work consists of a number of open cuts and one adit cross-cut. 
 Several lenses of chromite have also been revealed by clearing off the 
 surface soil. In the cross-cut, a face of ore has been opened up 10' wide 
 and 18' high. Some of the chromite is massive and high grade. The 
 green chrome-garnet, uvarovite, is associated with the fracture planes 
 in the chromite. It is estimated that there are at least 2000 tons of 
 40%-42% ore available. This includes approximately 800 tons already 
 broken and ready to ship as soon as the road is completed, the coming 
 spring. One carload (42 tons) analyzing 44% CrjOj and 7% SiOg was 
 packed five miles to the road, and delivered by truck to the railroad at 
 Castella in December. There is also stated to be apparently a large body 
 of disseminated chromite in these claims, which could be concentrated; 
 and ample water for milling purposes is available. The electric power 
 line of the California-Oregon Power Company to the Coffee Creek 
 dredge passes within two miles of these deposits. 
 
 Bibl. : Cal. State Min. Bur., Bull. 38, p. 272; Mines and Min. Res. 
 of Shasta et al. counties, p. 133, 1915 ; Report XIV, p. 877, 1916. 
 
 Dodge Ranch Deposit, Trumbull Bros., owners. A deposit of 
 chromite is reported on this property on the Trinity River, 16 miles 
 from Callahan. Specimens of the ore, shown the writer, appear of 
 good grade. 
 
 The Highland Lake Chrome property was being worked under the 
 management of Mr. Woolsey of Lamoine. It lies six miles west of the 
 Forest Queen Mine and the ore was being hauled by wagon, 14 miles 
 to Gibson siding. The ore appeared to carry about 50% CroOg and was 
 being sold to the Union Chrome Co. of San Francisco. 
 
 The Integral Chrome Mining Company was preparing to mine 
 chrome on the property of the Integral Quicksilver Mining Company 
 in Sec. 23, T. 38 N., R, 6 W., M. D. M. The owning company consists 
 
MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 211 
 
 of Wm. J. Simpson of New York, and the Anglo-California Trnst 
 Company of San Francisco. A ten-year permit to mine chrome on the 
 property is held by J. R. Logan of 400 George St., Vallejo, California. 
 
 The property lies on the west slope of Crow Creek 21 miles west of 
 ('astella, and consists of 3000 acres, patented. Float chrome assaying 
 nver 40% CroOg is stated to have been found over an area 50' wide and 
 2000' long, along an east- west direction. No development work had been 
 (lone. The property adjoins the Crow Cr(\k group on the south. 
 
 Mmnbo Creek Group, (formerly Russell Group), Mrs. Luella Beau- 
 champ, owner, fl591 Turk St., San Franci.sco. This group of four 
 claims is in Sec. 4 ( ?) or 11, T. 38 N., R. 6 W., something over a mile 
 north of the Crow Creek group, and about 19 miles from Castella. They 
 ,will utilize the same road, now under construction. The ore so far ex- 
 posed is high grade, but only a small amount of development work has 
 been done, as yet. 
 
 Phillpot Deposit, C. H. Phillpot, owner. Knob. The owner made 
 some shipments of high-grade chromite in 1916 from a deposit near Hay- 
 fork. 
 
 Bil)l.: Cal. State Min. Bur., Bull. 38, p. 272; Mines and Min. Res. 
 of Shasta et al. counties, p. 133, 1915; Report XIV, p. 877, 1916. 
 
 Picayune Lake Group, II. C. Beauchamp, owner, care Columbia 
 Hotel, San Francisco. This group of 14 claims is in Sees. 23, 26, 
 and 27, T. 39 N., R. 6 W., M. D. M., several miles northeast of the 
 Crow Creek Group, and 16 miles southwest from Sisson. Of the latter, 
 10 miles is by trail. This group was located in July, 1917, covering 
 several outcrops of high-grade chromite. 
 
 The Black Jack chrome property located by Wm. Pratti of Peanut, 
 California, lies in south half of Sec. 28, T. 30 N., R. 12 W., at the side 
 of the State Highway, about nine miles from Peanut. A small tonnage 
 of ore was taken from a lens about two feet wide, and was sold in the 
 summer of 1917, since which the property has been idle. 
 
 The Compass chrome prospect lies in the southeast quarter of 
 Sec. 21, T. 30 N., R. 12 W., one-quarter a mile from the State High- 
 way and eight miles from Peanut. It is owned by Roy Shiell and Wm. 
 Pratti of Peanut, California. Only a small amount of chromite is 
 exposed and it had not been prospected when visited. 
 
 The Eureka chrome prospect is in the N.E. | of Sec. 18, T. 30 N., 
 R. 12 W., three miles by trail from the State Highway and nine miles 
 from Peanut. Frank Cummins, owner. This appears to be one of the 
 most promising undeveloped chromite claims in the region. There is an 
 
212 CAhIL<\)RNlA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 outcrop 3|- feet wide, apparently in place, showing al)Out 20 tons of 
 shipi)ing ore of a massive character. The outcrop strikes N. 30 W., 
 and there is a good grade of float ore along the strike at intervals for 150 
 feet. The claim is on a plateau about 1500 feet from the trail, and 
 the grade of the trail to the State Highway is easy and would permit 
 the building of a road at moderate cost. There are other smaller 
 expasures of chromite in the serpentine near this claim, which might 
 develop a small tonnage of ore. 
 
 The Peewee chrome claim is near the south corner common to Sees. 
 21 and 22, T. 30 N., R. 12 W., less than one-half mile from the State 
 Highway and eight miles from Peanut. Roy Shiell and Wm. Pratti, of 
 Peanut, were the original locators. The outcrop shows a lens of chromite 
 of very good grade, four feet wide by twenty feet long; it had been 
 trenched to a depth of one and one-half feet. 
 
 The prospect is at an elevation of 4500 feet and is so situated that ore 
 could be hauled from it to the State Highway with very little road 
 building expense. The quality and (piantity of ore in sight justifies 
 mining. There was, however, a dispute as to the ownership. The 
 original location notice was defective and the claim was jumped before 
 Shiell and Pratti filed their amended notice. 
 
 The Federal Chrome Company, of Red Bluff, is developing some 
 deposits of chromite, near the south fork of Trinity River, in Sec. 33, 
 T. 1 N., and Sees. 4 and 6, T. 1 S., R. 12 W., H. M. This property, 
 consisting of 12 claims, is about midway between Carlotta, on the 
 Northwestern Pacific Railroad, and Red Bluff, being about 65 miles 
 from the railroad at either point. 
 
 Seven pockets or lenses of massive black chromite in serpentine have 
 thus far been found, but development work had only just been started in 
 two of them. Probably 30 tons of ore were exposed in each of these, 
 by small open cuts. The pockets appear to be small, and are widely 
 scattered, being from one-half to two miles off of the road. The claims 
 were located in 1916, and only recently taken over by the present owners, 
 who have three men employed. The ore was being hauled in Septem- 
 ber, 1917, to Red Bluff by auto trucks at a co.st of $13.50 a ton. Florence 
 Brewer, A. S. Dennis and Chas. Scurlock, owners. These claims are 
 situated in a region of heavy snowfall, and the roads are passable foi 
 trucks only about five months in the vear. 
 
MANGANESE AND ClIROiJIUM. 213 
 
 TULARE COUNTY. 
 
 Vaughn Ranch Deposit; Vaughn Estate, Porterville, owner. A 
 
 nsiderable tonnage of cliromite was shipped from lenses on this prop- 
 rty, in ]01H, and a smaller amount in lOlT. 
 
 The Waddell ehrome mine is in Sees. 17 and 20, T. 19 S., 11. 27 E., at 
 an elevation of 800', four miles northeast of Lindsay. The property 
 : is owned by Frederic Gill of Exeter. 
 
 Lenses of-ehrome, striking in a direction X. 40 E.. occurred in ser- 
 I pentine. These had apparently been worked out down to the lower 
 ' workings. 
 
 K The property was idle in 1917 save for about 50 tons of ore which had 
 I been sorted from the dump, for shipment, by a lessee. 
 
 TUOLUMNE COUNTY. 
 
 The Don Pedro property is in See. 6, T. 2 S., R. 14 E., M. D. M., 10 
 miles southwest of Jamestown. It is owned by the Preston Estate and 
 was leased, for a period of two years, to Levensaler-Speir Corporation. 
 The nearest point on a railroad is Rosasco, one mile west ; however, since 
 there is no road to Rosasco, some ore was hauled to Keystone, eight miles 
 northwest, in 1916. Development work consisted of two shafts, one 90' 
 and one 70' deep. 
 
 Hughes Group. John. Thonuis, Charles and James Hughes, have 
 recently found chromite on their property at Marsh Flat, southeast 
 
 ' of Jacksonville, a part of which they are working themselves, and in 
 part leased to others. All told, there are (June, 1918) about 12 
 li asers operating. Hughes Brothers have so far shipped 2 carloads 
 
 ji of chrome ore. 
 
 ' The Kahl chrome mine is in the SE. i of Sec. 6, T. 1 N., R. 14 E., 
 I M. D. M., at an elevation of 1450', six miles west of Jamestown. It is 
 |i on a 40-acre patent owned by Joseph Kahl of Jamestown. 
 i A lenticular body of chromite occurred, in peridotite, striking X. 40° 
 
 'W. and pitching 80° S. About 400 tons of ore were taken out, in 1915, 
 
 from a pit 16' deep by 30' wide by 50' long. A small 14" stringer of 
 i' ore was exposed along the north face of the pit. 
 
 Mr. Kahl reports that there are two other small chrome prospects on 
 
 his property and also one on government land adjoining, which might 
 , yield some ore. 
 
 C. F. Lighthold and Geo. Adams have located claims near the 
 
 Hughes group, above described. 
 i The Mackey pi-operty is in the SE. 1 of Sec. 21, T. 1 N., R. 14 E., 
 
 M. D. M., three miles south of Jamestown. It consists of one claim at 
 
214 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 an elevation of 1325'', within 50 yards of "Woods Creek, owned by Peter 
 Mackey of Jamestown, 
 
 Old workings indicate that an orebody 14' wide, 14' deep and 40' 
 long was taken out. Three small open cuts about 4' deep and 6' long 
 had been made. Seventy tons of ore were taken from the open cuts and 
 sold by the owner in 1916. 
 
 The Pereira property is in the SW. ^ of Sec. 25, T. 1 N., R. 13 E., 
 M. D. M., at an elevation of 1150', three miles north of McCormiek 
 siding. It includes 540 acres in claims held by the Pereira Bros, of 
 Jamestown. jM 
 
 Development work consists of open cuts and shallow shafts. About 
 55 tons of low grade ore, carrying about 24% CroO;,, had been taken out 
 of an open cut in serpentine. The cut was from 2' to 8' deep and 100' 
 long and had followed the ore in a direction N. 80°. E. Work being car- 
 ried on, during the middle of May, 1917, consisted of opening up several 
 small stringers at a new location about 500' south of the open cut. The 
 ore taken out appeared to carry about 35% CrgO,, but mining was slow 
 because of the leaders being so small. About 15 tons of this ore were 
 piled for shipment. 
 
 The Rough and Ready chrome mines are in See. 25, T. 1 N., R. 13 E., 
 M. D. M., at an elevation of 1300', about three and one-half miles north 
 of McCormick siding. They are owned and operated by Thos. and Geo. 
 A. Richards of Oakdale. 
 
 Lenticular bodies of chrome, in serpentine, strike east-west and pitch 
 80° North. A 100' open cut, made below the cabin, has exposed a body 
 of ore 10' wide and 50' long which should yield over 60 tons of ore down 
 to a depth of 6'. Analy.ses of this ore showed 29.9% CroOg and 18% 
 SiOo, also 26.3% CroO^ and 12.6%, of SiOo. On a serpentine hill a 
 quarter of a mile west of the cabin a 25' incline shaft had exposed a lens 
 of ore 4' wide and 6' long which should have yielded a few tons of higher 
 grade ore. An assay of this ore showed 36.7% CrgO., and 8.8% SiOj. 
 About 20 tons of ore were piled for shipment. Two fifty-ton cars of or^l 
 were shipped during the middle of May, 1917. Seven men were em- 
 ployed at $3.00 per day. 
 
 The Sims property is in the NE. i of Sec. 5, T. 1 S., R. 14 E.| 
 M. D. M., at an elevation of 1320', about one mile northwest of Chinese| 
 It is owned by Henry Sims of Chinese Camp, and was being workec 
 on royalty by Egiin and Gouge of Jamestown. 
 
 Lenticular bodies of chrome ore had been followed to a depth of 25' in 
 serpentine, by an incline shaft. The ore exposed in the bottom of the 
 shaft was 6" wide and struck east-west with possibilities of opening out 
 into another orebody. About 27 tons of ore were corded for shipment, 
 which appeared to average about 40% Cr^Og. 
 
 i 
 
I 
 
 ^ 
 
 MANGANESE AND CHROMIUM. 215 
 
 The Terry and Sell mine is in See. 2, T. 1 S., R. 13 E., M. D. M., at 
 an elevation of 1100', about one mile north of McCormick siding. It is 
 on property leased from the McCormick Cattle Company of Sonora. 
 
 A 14' shaft has followed a lens of chrome 4' thick and 8' wide, 
 striking N. 35° W. The bottom of the shaft was all in ore when the 
 property Avas visited on May 18, 1917. Twenty tons of ore had been 
 mined and corded and there was as much more in sight. Old workings, 
 adjoining the shaft, 10' to the northwest, consisted of stopes 3' wide and 
 30' long, which had been worked from a 65' shaft several years ago. 
 
 In addition to the properties above described, Geo. Mapes and J. 
 O'Hara were stated to be leasing (June, 1918) on the Beckwith land 
 near Chinese Camp. Henry Kiaupat had also taken out a few tons 
 from a prospect in the same district. C. E. Wilcox of Jamestown, 
 was opening up a chromite deposit on the Stanislaus River, near 
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21G 
 
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226 CALIFORNLA. STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 Pricec and Grades of Ore. 
 
 The current price for ore ranging from 38% to 48% Cr.O, is frorh" 
 $1.25 to $1.50 a unit. (Aug. 17, 1918) . Ore containing as little as 28% 
 Cr^Os can be sold. Silica in excess of 8% is often penalized, but by 
 special agreement an ore fairly high in chromite may be saleable even if 
 it carries as much as 15% silica. 
 
 Consumers of Chromite. 
 
 The following list contains names furnished by the United States 
 
 Geological Survey, with a few additions: 
 
 American Refnutories Co Pittsburgh, Pa., and Mercliants National Bank 
 
 Bldg., San Francisco 
 
 Binney & Smith 81 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 California Chrome Co . Kohl Bldg., San Francisco 
 
 Carnegie Steel Co Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Colorado Fuel and Iron Co Denver, Colo. 
 
 Crucible Steel Co. of America Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 A. C. Daft Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Electro-Metallurgical Co Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Foote Mineral Co 107 North 19th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Ilarbison-Walker Refractories Co Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 E. J. Lavino & Co P.ullit Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Lukius Iron and Steel Co Seattle, Wash. 
 
 A. D. Mackay 130 Pearl St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 Metal and Thermit Corporation 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Mutual Chemical Co 55 John St., New York, N. Y. 
 
 National Electrolytic Co Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Noble Electric Steel Co 995 Market St.. San Francisco 
 
 Otis Steel Co Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Pacific Coast Steel Co San Francisco, Cal.. and Seattle, Wash. 
 
 Pacific Electro Metals Co Balboa Bldg., San Francisco 
 
 Frank Samuel Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Sawyer Tanning Co Napa, Cal. 
 
 Sherwin Williams Co Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 St. Louis Refractories Co Title Guaranty Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The Ferro-Alloy Co 603 Symes Bldg., Denver, Colo. 
 
 Younstown Steel and Tube Co Youngstown, Pa. 
 
 PRODUCTION OP CHROMITE IN CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Production of chromite in California began, apparently about 1874, 
 principally in San Luis Obispo County. There was considerable activ- 
 ity from 1880 to 1883, inclusive, and a total of 23,838 ton.s, valued at 
 $337,904, was shipped from that county up to 1887.* Some ore also 
 was shipped from the Tyson properties in Del Norte County. The 
 tabulation herewith shows the California output of chromite, annually, 
 
 *Logan, C. A., Mine.? and mineral resources of San Luis Obispo: Cal. State Min. 
 Bur., chapters of State Mineralogist's report, biennial period, 1915—1916, p. 80, 1917. 
 
 I 
 
MANGANESE AND CHRO:MIUiI. 
 
 227 
 
 since 1887, when the compilation of such figures was begun by the State 
 Mining Bureau : 
 
 1887 
 1888 
 1889 
 1890 
 1891 
 1892 
 1893 
 1894 
 1895 
 1896 
 1897 
 1898 
 1899 
 1900 
 1901 
 1902 
 1W3 
 
 Year 
 
 Tons 
 
 3.000 
 1,500 
 
 2,000 
 3,599 
 1.372 
 1,500 
 3,319 
 3,680 
 1,740 
 786 
 
 Value 
 
 $40,000 
 20,000 
 30,000 
 53,9&5 
 20,580 
 22,500 
 49,785 
 39,980 
 16,795 
 7,775 
 
 Year 
 
 1904 
 
 1905 
 
 1906 
 
 1907 
 
 1908 
 
 1909 
 
 1910 
 
 1911 
 
 1912 
 
 1913 
 
 1914 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 Totals -. 
 
 Tons 
 
 123 
 
 40 
 
 317 
 
 302 
 
 350 
 
 436 
 
 749 
 
 935 
 
 1,270 
 
 1,180 
 
 1,517 
 
 3,725 
 
 48,943 
 
 52,379 
 
 1.3.5,497 
 
 Value 
 
 $1,845 
 
 600 
 
 2.859 
 
 6,040 
 
 6.195 
 
 5,309 
 
 9,707 
 
 14,197 
 
 11,260 
 
 12,700 
 
 9,434 
 
 38,044 
 
 717,244 
 
 1,130,298 
 
 $2,277,557 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENT RELATIVE TO CHROMITE 
 
 MARKET. 
 
 November 1, 1918. 
 
 Since the main text of this bulletin was put in type, the ehromite 
 
 situation has undergone a very radical change. The break came late 
 
 in September, when some of the large Eastern consumers refused to 
 
 buy ore, claiming a sufficient supply to be on hand, and that they had 
 
 : already taken up their allotments permitted by the War Industries 
 
 Board. This came 'like a thunderbolt out of a clear sky' to the West- 
 
 < ni producers who had been most strongly urged as "a patriotic duty 
 
 ^1 to mine chrome, on account of its military necessity and shortage in 
 
 '' nvailable domestic supplies." 
 
 Following this there ensued a series of telegrams and other corre- 
 ; spondence between Western producers, on the one hand, and the Eastern 
 consumers and War Industries Board, on the other. The producers 
 nppealed to the Governmental agencies for relief. 
 
 Two telegrams, quoted herewith, from the AVar Industries Board to 
 11 Mr. Albert Burch, their representative in California, reveal the situation 
 as it now stands: 
 
 "It is the present intention of the War Industries Board to arrange 
 for continued ehromite production in the United States for the first half 
 of 1919 at a rate proportionate to the rate of 1918 production, and the 
 trade will be asked to purchase ehromite of suitable grade produced in 
 the United States during the first half of next year at this rate. We 
 believe the tonnage of domestic ehromite produced the balance of this 
 
228 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. 
 
 year of suitable grade can be sold at the average price paid this summer 
 by the California Chrome Co. If unable to find ready market for ore, 
 wire this office, giving tonnages ready for immediate delivers'^ and guar- 
 anteed analysis and prices wanted, and to whom already offered and 
 refused. 
 
 Signed: Hugh "W. Sanford, Chief, 
 Chemicals Division. Ferro- Alloys Section, 
 War Industries Board, Washington, D. C.'Sept. 27." 
 
 Telegram Sent by the War Industries Board to Mr. Albert Burch, Crocker 
 
 Building, San Francisco, Special Representative of the U. S. Bureau of 
 
 Mines, Regarding Chrome Production on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 (Published in San Francisco Chronicle, Nov. 1, 1918.) 
 
 "Referring my telegram September 27, which you had published. 
 This seems to have caused misconception in minds of some chromite 
 purchasers who have interpreted this telegram to mean that the Gov- 
 ernment was guaranteeing not only full consumption of chromite for 
 balance of this year and first half of next year, but also that the guar- 
 antee was for sales during either or both periods at the price prevailing 
 during the summer of 1918. This interpretation can not properly be 
 gotten from the language of the telegram. In order to clear up any 
 misconception please have this complete telegram published. The War 
 Industries Board does not at this time guarantee any sales of chromite 
 for balance of this year or the first half 1919 at any prices. The War 
 Industries Board has asked chromite users to buj^ as much domestic 
 chromite as possible during the remainder of this year and may decide 
 to request buyers to purchase domestic chromite for the first half of 
 1919 on some new price basis. It is impossible to say how fully the 
 buyers will co-operate with such requests. Stocks in hands of users are 
 large, particularly stocks in hands of users of high-grade ores, these 
 stocks probably averaging ten to twelve months' suppl}'. The over- 
 supply of chromite today is due more to decreased domestic consumption 
 than any other one factor, the domestic consumption being about 
 35,000 tons less than anticipated for 1918. This is due chiefly to the 
 recent changes that have been made in the industries for the necessities 
 of the war programme, such as reduction in manufacture of automobiles, 
 which industry formerly absorbed large quantities of ferrochrome and 
 also the use of less chrome tanning in the leather trade on account of 
 vegetable tanned shoes being used largely in the Army for trench work. 
 A programme has been recommended to the War Trades Board by the 
 War Industries Board for a reduction of imports from all countries to 
 the lowest practicable minimum and their decision will probably be 
 announced in a few days. The War Industries Board has also removed 
 all restrictions on conservation of use of chromite and is not denying 
 proper exports of chrome products. Serious consideration is being 
 given by all Governmental departments to this problem but at present 
 it is doubtful whether additional aid can be given to the domestic 
 chromite situation beyond the procedure stated above. If any furthe^ 
 developments will advise you. 
 
 Signed: Hugh W. Sanford."' 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 
 Acknowledgment 7 
 
 Adams claims 213, 225 
 
 Adams-Maltby leases 126, 128 
 
 Adobe Canon quicksilver mine 204 
 
 Aerial tramway at Little Castle Creek mine 185 
 
 in handling manganese ore 67 
 
 Agard and Stewart mine — 118, 216, 209 
 
 Alameda County, chromite in 24,105,115-116,216 
 
 magnesite in 24 
 
 manganese in , 15, 16, 24-29, 92 
 
 production in 16 
 
 Ala Mountain deposit 95 
 
 mine 75 
 
 Alan Wood, Iron & Steel Company 98 
 
 Algoma Steel Corporation 98 
 
 AlUghany Ore & Iron Company 98 
 
 Allen-Robinson lease 53 
 
 Alpine chrome claim 135 
 
 Altshuler mine 220 
 
 Alum Rock Park "meteorite' 75 
 
 Alviso and Sunshine claims — 167, 221 
 
 Amador Central Railroad 116 
 
 County, chromite in 112, 116, 216 
 
 manganese in IS, 19, 29-30, 92 
 
 Amargosa group 38, 93 
 
 American Carbon & Battery Company 198 
 
 chrome prospect 161 
 
 Ever Ready Battery Company 98 
 
 Exploration Company 126 
 
 Manganese Manufacturing Company 98 
 
 Refractories Company 136 
 
 Steel Foundries 98 
 
 Anaconda Copper Company 12 
 
 Analyses of chromite 133, 192 
 
 of manganese ores 57, 73, 86 
 
 Analysis of ferro-manganese smelted at Heroult 21 
 
 Andrews claims 181, 222 
 
 Anglo-American Flash Light Company 98 
 
 Appalachian Range, chromite in 101 
 
 Ardoin mine 203, 223 
 
 Arkansas Geological Survey publications, reference to 64 
 
 manganese in 12 
 
 Arroyo del Puerto, chromite on 203, 204 
 
 manganese on 84 
 
 Arroyo La Cruz deposit 177 
 
 Artward et al. claims 156 
 
 Asbestos, chrysotile 190 
 
 Asbil et al. claims 152-153 
 
 Asia Minor, chromite in 101 
 
 Asti Colonv land, chromite on 201 
 
 A., T. & S. F. Railroad 58 
 
 Augite picrite 180 
 
 Austin lease 91 
 
 mine 131, 217 
 
 Aurora Quicksilver Company 145 
 
 Avawatz Mountains, manganese in 61 
 
 Avery manganese property 32,92 
 
 Bacon and Kenney prospect 51, 93 
 
 Bailey, James B 98 
 
 mine , 25, 27 
 
 Baldwin mine 221 
 
 Ball Ranch deposit 190, 222 
 
 B. & S. group 222 
 
 Barbour manganese deposit 91, 97 
 
 Barham, W. W., deposit 81, 96 
 
 Bartholf and Veach mine 51 
 
 Barton et al. claims 130, 217 
 
 Bawman lease 203 
 
 Bean-Darby lease 30 
 
 Bear Canyon mine 30, 31, 92 
 
 Beauty View Butte, manganese on 88 
 
 Beck and Williamson property 164 
 
 Beckman-Linden Engineering Corporation 22, 98 
 
 Beckwith property 215, 225 
 
 Belknap mill : 199 
 
 Bennett-Brooks Company 98 
 
 Beraudiere. John, mine 25, 92 
 
 Berkshire Iron Works 98 
 
230 INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 
 Bethlehem Steel Corporation 98 
 
 Big Bend claims i. 40, 93 
 
 Red Mountain, chromite on 107, 151!, 2l;t 
 
 Biggs prospect 225 
 
 Bilrowe Alloys Company 98 
 
 Bingham's mine 190, 199-200 
 
 Binney & Smith 98, 226 
 
 Black Bear mine 75, 95 
 
 Bird prospect 76, 95 
 
 Diamond group 146-147, 219 
 
 mine (chrome) 110 
 
 (manganese) 32, 92 
 
 Horse group 56, 94 
 
 Jack mine (manganese) — 19, 25, 54-56, 92, 94 
 
 prospect (chrome) 208, 224 
 
 leases • 45 
 
 Prince group 61, 95 
 
 Wonder mine 75, 76, ft.'i 
 
 properties 76-77 
 
 Bland's Cove deposit 40, 93 
 
 Biocksburg, manganese near 34 
 
 Bonettl property 132, 217 
 
 Bradford lease , 55 
 
 Bradley, W. W 1 
 
 Braito property 53, 94 
 
 Brandon property 132, 217 
 
 Bray, P. H., claims 56, 94 
 
 Brazil, manganese in 11 
 
 Briggs mine 15, 49-50, 93 
 
 Brovvn-Bray-Simoyne group 56 
 
 mine (Shasta County) 183 
 
 Brum and Newport prospect 56. 94 
 
 Bryant chrome prospect (El Dorado County) 217 
 
 mine — 33, 34 
 
 Buckeye mine 24, 86 
 
 Buckhorn claim 25, 92 
 
 Bugg property 220 
 
 Bunker property , 159-160 
 
 Burch, Albert 102, 114, 227, 228 
 
 and Woody prospect 53, 94 
 
 Burdick, Chas. A 98 
 
 Burgess, C. F., Laboratories 98 
 
 Burmeister lease 49, 60, 61 
 
 Burnett Ranch mine 112, 137, 217 
 
 Burnham Ranch deposit 121, 216 
 
 Burns Ranch deposit 190, 222 
 
 Burrows prospect 219 
 
 Busch and Bevins manganese mine 40-42, 93 
 
 Butcher, L. H., and Company 98, 170, 171, 221 
 
 Hill deposits 190, 222 
 
 Butte County, chromite in 118-121,216 
 
 manganese in 18, 30, 92 
 
 Pine and Hardwood Lumber Company 119 
 
 Buzzard mill 132, 217 
 
 Caire, Justinian, development of Ladd mine by 64 
 
 Calaveras Copper Company, use of chromite by, as a furnace liner 121 
 
 County, chromite in 111, 121-123,216-217 
 
 manganese in 18, 19, 31, 92 
 
 formations, manganese in 18, 53 
 
 California, central, map of a portion of : 24 
 
 Chrome Company 147, 169, 183, 186, 191. 219, 221, 222, 226. 227 
 
 chromite in 101-227 
 
 Manganese Mining Company — 76, 84 
 
 map of, showing locations of chromium and manganese deposits 13 
 
 National Forest 18 
 
 -Oregon Power Company 210 
 
 Ore Purchasing Company 133 
 
 production of chromite in 226-227 
 
 manganese ore in 100 
 
 Southern, manganese in ' 19 
 
 -Southern Railroad 54, 58 
 
 State Mining Bureau 9, 185 
 
 publications of 229-232 
 
 reference to : 148, 166, 167 
 
 Callahan district, chromite in 109 
 
 (Zlamtaria Steel Company 98 
 
 Camden claim 145 
 
 Campbell property 121, 216 
 
 Camp Bessie mine 77 
 
 No. 9 25, 26, 92 
 
 Campo Seco copper smelter, chromite used at , 123 
 
 Camptonville chrome deposit 189. 222 
 
 Canada, manganese in 12 
 
INDEX. 231 
 
 Page 
 
 Carbonate of manganese 13, 17, 45 
 
 in Ladd mine 65, 66 
 
 in Tesla district 24, 26 
 
 Carboniferous formation, manganese in 18 
 
 Carnegie Steel Company 98, 203, 226 
 
 Carr and Mefford properties 116, 216 
 
 Carson and Sweet prospects 144 
 
 tCashom lease 119 
 
 ^assiorni leases 132, 217 
 
 3astro mine 103, 104, 167-169, 221 
 
 concentration of chromite at 104, 168-169 
 
 Caudwell prospect 17, 89, 96 
 
 Cavagnaro prospect 51, 94 
 
 Caving system used at Little Castle Creek mine 183, 186 
 
 Cedar Mountain, chromite on 115 
 
 Central Iron & Coal Co 98 
 
 Chaix chrome property 132, 217 
 
 Champion mill converted to a chrome concentrator 113 
 
 Chapman-Kirby claims 210 
 
 Charcoal Iron Company 98 
 
 Charge, furnace, at Heroult 21 
 
 Chase lease 79 
 
 prospect 219 
 
 Chastain deposit , 223 
 
 Chert, Franciscan, manganese ore in _- 24 
 
 Chibas, E. J 12 
 
 Chile, manganese in , 11 
 
 Chisholm mine 169, 175, 221 
 
 Chlorite, purple chrome 186, 190 
 
 Chocolate Mountains, manganese in 35 
 
 Chorro Creek mine 169, 221 
 
 Chrome Center claim 156, 219 
 
 Concentrating Company 204, 224 
 
 garnet 190, 198, 199 
 
 Mine, The 190, 199-200,223 
 
 ochre associated with chromite 190, 198 
 
 Wonder claim 123, 217 
 
 Chromi'te, analysis of . 133 
 
 concentration of 103, 106, 110, 112, 
 
 113, 114, 134, 140, 142-143, 146, 157-158, 162, 163, 164, 168, 169, 174, 180, 204, 207 
 
 consumers of 226 
 
 deposits, genesis of 102 
 
 geology of 101-113 
 
 group 193-194, 223 
 
 in Alameda County.-- 115-116, 216 
 
 Amador County 116, 216 
 
 Asia Minor 101 
 
 Butte County 118-121, 216 
 
 Calaveras County 121-123, 216-217 
 
 California 101-227 
 
 production of 7, 226 
 
 Colusa County 123-124, 217 
 
 Del Norte County 124-131, 217 
 
 El Dorado County 131-144, 217-218 
 
 Fresno County 144-146, 218-219 
 
 Glenn County . 146-147, 219 
 
 Humboldt County 148, 219 
 
 Lake County 148-151, 219 
 
 limestone 103, 165 
 
 Los Angeles County 151, 219 
 
 Mariposa County -" 151, 219 
 
 Maryland ^ 101 
 
 Mendocino County 151-156, 219 
 
 Monterey County 156 
 
 Napa County 156-157, 219 
 
 Nevada County 157-159, 219-220 
 
 Pennsylvania 101 
 
 peridotite 102 
 
 Placer County 159-164, 220 
 
 placei- gravels 101, 166,203 
 
 Plumas County 165-166, 220-221 
 
 San Benito County 166, 221 
 
 San Luis Obispo County 167-168,221-222 
 
 map of 167 
 
 Santa Barbara County 179-180, 222 
 
 Santa Clara County ISO, 222 
 
 serpentine 103, 111 
 
 Shasta County 181-188, 222 
 
 Siberia 101 
 
 Sierra County 189, 222 
 
 Siskiyou County 189-201, 222-223 
 
 Sonoma County 201-203, 223-224 
 
 Stanislaus County 76,203-205,224 
 
 Tehama County 206-209, 224 
 
 Trinity County 209-212, 224 
 
 Tulare County 213, 225 
 
232 INDEX. 
 
 Chromite, analysis of — Continued. Page 
 
 Tuolumne County 213-215, 225 
 
 Virginia 101 
 
 market, supplementary statement on 227-228 
 
 prices and grades of ore 226 
 
 production of, in California 226-227 
 
 situation, supplementary statement on 227 
 
 use of, in copper smelter 111, 122, 123, 188 
 
 Chromium chlorite mica 186, 190 
 
 deposits, map of California showing 13 
 
 history of 101 
 
 in California 101-227 
 
 war necessity of 5, 7 
 
 Chrysotile asbestos . 190 
 
 Cigarette-Placer chrome mine 157, 219 
 
 Clara H. claim 145 
 
 Clark claim 115 
 
 -McLean prospect 82 
 
 Clary and Langford lease 121, 216 
 
 Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company 98 
 
 property 42, 93 
 
 Coast Range manganese deposits 13 
 
 geology of 13-14 
 
 ores, composition of 14 
 
 Coast Ranges, Franciscan formations in 115 
 
 northern, manganese in 16 
 
 north of San L'rancisco Bay, chromite in 106-107 
 
 Cobalt in manganese ore 10 
 
 Coggins mine 109, 190, 191-193, 223 
 
 analysis of ore from 192 
 
 'bean' ore at 193 
 
 Cold Spring claims 217 
 
 Coleman prospect 37, 93 
 
 Cole property 91, 97 
 
 Colorado chrome mine 170, 221 
 
 Fuel and Iron Company 98, 226 
 
 Colusa County, chromite in 123-124, 217 
 
 manganese in 17 
 
 Compass prospect 311, 224 
 
 Composition of Coast Range ores 14 
 
 of ferro-manganese 21 
 
 furnace charge at Heroult 21 
 
 Concentration, increased importance' of , for chromite yield 114 
 
 of chromite 103, 106, 110, 112. 113, 114, 
 
 134, 140, 142-143. 146, 157-158, 162, 163, 164, 168, 169. 174, 180, 187, 188, 204, 207 
 
 by jig 187, 188 
 
 of manganese ores '. 19-20 
 
 plant, cost of 114, 143 
 
 Conklin and Williams claims 147, 219 
 
 Connard Bros, claims 36, 93 
 
 Consumers of chromite 226 
 
 of manganese 98-100 
 
 Contact deposit of manganese ore 19 
 
 deposits at Tyson chrome mines 124, 126 
 
 Contra Costa County, manganese in 31, 92 
 
 Coplen-Tilsley group 52 
 
 Copper Creek mine . 125-127, 217 
 
 in manganese ore 10 
 
 smelter, use of chromite in 111, 122, 123, 188 
 
 Copsey, Arthur, et al., claims 148, 219 
 
 Cory property 225 
 
 Cost of concentration plant 114, 143 
 
 mining 43 
 
 production 11 
 
 transportation 43, 103, 105, 107, 109, 110, 112, 
 
 113, lis, 119. 121, 131. 135, 140, 145, 149, 151, 162, 173, 178, 187, 194, 198, 200. 209 
 
 Courtwright property 117, 216 
 
 Cowell property 133 
 
 Cramer Ranch deposit 193, 223 
 
 Crisle deposit _• 218 
 
 -Rilfle deposit 218 
 
 Crocker-Preston property — 29, 92 
 
 Crocker properties 26, 29, 64. 83, 92, 95, 96 
 
 map showing l 24 
 
 Crosbv prospects 26, 92 
 
 Crow Creek group 109, 210, 224 
 
 Crucible Steel Company of America 226 
 
 Crystal, Charles B 98 
 
 Lake manganese group 53, 94 
 
 Cummings leas-^ 26, 64. 69. 84, 87 
 
 Curran prospect 218 
 
 Curtis property 119, 216 
 
 Cuthbert, W. R 98 
 
 Cypress chrome mine 170, 221 
 
 Daft, A. C 226 
 
 Daisy Chrome Company 156 
 
INDEX. 233 
 
 Page 
 
 Darrington lease 112 
 
 Ranch deposit 217 
 
 Davenport and Smith prospect 77,95 
 
 Davis, A. A., concentrating plant 118 
 
 E. F. 8 
 
 group 181, 222 
 
 property (Calaveras County) 121, 216 
 
 prospect 81 
 
 Deer Park quicksilver mine 204 
 
 Death Valley manganese claims 36, 93 
 
 Deick claims 181, 222 
 
 De Kruse property 160, 220 
 
 Delaware River Steel Company 98 
 
 Demasters prospect 218 
 
 Del Norte County, chromite in 107, 108. 124-131, 217 
 
 early production of chromite in 226 
 
 geology of chromite in 124 
 
 transportation in 125 
 
 Denison, W. H 98 
 
 Detert Ranch deposit 117, 216 
 
 Development in chromite situation in 1918 113-114, 227 
 
 Dewhirst mine 26, 92 
 
 Dexter Ranch deposit 194-195, 223 
 
 Diablo Range, Franciscan formations in 24 
 
 manganese in 15 
 
 Diadem Lode 53, 94 
 
 Dibblee and Arata lease 170, 173 
 
 Dickev and Driesbach lease 120, 121, 216 
 
 Diller, J. S 107, 186 
 
 Disseminated chromite ore 140, 154, 192, 193, 194 
 
 Districts of promise to the prospector 115 
 
 Doak-Irvin lease 34 
 
 lease 68 
 
 Mine No. 2 77-78, 95 
 
 Dodge Ranch deposit 210, 224 
 
 Dolbear lease 194, 201 
 
 S. H. 102, 114 
 
 Donavan lease 26, 29, 92 
 
 Donnelly mine 133, 217 
 
 Donohue and McFarland lease 87 
 
 Don Pedro property 213, 225 
 
 Dooley deposit ■ 117,_216 
 
 Doran manganese claims 57, 94 
 
 Dougherty lease 194 
 
 Dowden property 216 
 
 Doyle deposits 218 
 
 Dozier deposit (chrome) 195, 223 
 
 deposit (manganese) 81, 96 
 
 Drake, Frank 10 
 
 Dreisbach-Dickey lease 121, 216 
 
 Dry batteries, high-grade manganese ore for 10 
 
 Dugout canoes, hauling chrome ore in 114 
 
 Dunsmuir. chromite near 181, 190 
 
 Dwyer claims 194, 196 
 
 East Rex Exploration Company 35 
 
 Ebony group 34-35. 93 
 
 Eel River, chromite on 156 
 
 Egling-Gouge lease 214 
 
 -Williams property 225 
 
 Electric Reduction Company 98 
 
 smelters oo 
 
 Electro-Metallurgical Company 226 
 
 Elder Creek chrome mine 208 
 
 El Divisadero chrome mine ■__170, 221 
 
 El Dorado County, chromite in 112, 131-144. 217-218 
 
 Elliott and Searles deposit 28 
 
 Ellis-Chili mill cell 
 
 Ranch deposit a oo 
 
 El Salto chrome mine 170, 221 
 
 Elsinore manganese deposits 58, 94 
 
 Elva manganese mine °'> "6 
 
 Emma manganese claims 62, 95 
 
 Empire Steel & Iron Co 98 
 
 Enstatite peridotite, chromite in 186 
 
 Estacia mine 27 
 
 Eureka prospect 211-212, 224 
 
 Evanis prospect 217 
 
 Evans manganese prospects . 70, 95 
 
 Ranch deposit 170, 221 
 
 Everett, L., prospect .30, 92 
 
 Evert, Nick, prospect 151, 219 
 
 Fable manganese mine 77, 78, 95 
 
 Fairbanks, H. W 167 
 
234 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 f 
 
 I 'age 
 
 Faucher lease 72, 176 
 
 Federal Chrome Company 1 , 212, 224 
 
 Ore Company 216, 219 
 
 Fenster lease 204 
 
 Fermor, L. L 11 
 
 Ferro-Alloy Company, The 226; 
 
 Ferro-alloys, various, electric smelting of 22, 2S 
 
 -manganese, analysis of 21 
 
 composition of 9 
 
 electric-smelting of 20-23 
 
 production of S 
 
 -silicon, electric smelting of 22 
 
 Fertilizers, use of manganese in 10 
 
 Fiddler's Green prospect 160, 220 
 
 Flederman claims 196, 223 
 
 leases . 196, 223 
 
 Folsom district, chromite in 112 
 
 Foote Minei-al Company 226 
 
 Foi-d-motor locomotive for hauling chromite 186 
 
 Foreign supplies curtailed 7 
 
 sources of manganese ore 11 
 
 Forest Hill district, chromite in 113 
 
 Hill Divide, chromite on 162 « 
 
 Queen mine 181-182, 22^J I 
 
 Foreword 7 " 
 
 F'orni property 133, 217 
 
 Forstner, Wm. 188 
 
 Fort Baker, manganese at 39, 93 
 
 Fortner Ranch deposit — 31, 92 
 
 Foster Mountain mine 16, 42-44, 93 
 
 Franciscan formations, chromite in 105, 106 
 
 formations in Coast Ranges 115 
 
 in Diablo Range 24 
 
 manganese in 13, 14, 15, 17, 36, 39, 49, 64, 76 
 
 serpentine in 115 
 
 Franks property 144, 218 
 
 Fratis mine 27 
 
 Frazer claims 152 
 
 Freeman property 133, 217 
 
 Freight-car space, saving of, in shipping ferro-alloys 23 
 
 French Hill, chrome mine 108,127-129,217 
 
 Fresno County, chromite in 104-105, 144-146, 218-219 ; 
 
 manganese in 32, 92 
 
 Friday prospect 130, 217 
 
 Fries Ranch deposit 59. 94 
 
 Friggel, R., prospect 27. 92 
 
 F'room's chrome deposits 170, 221 
 
 Fuqua and Bell mine 149-150 
 
 Fuller and Wfirren Company 98 
 
 Furnace charge at Heroult 21 
 
 Garrison prospect 160.220 i 
 
 Gas Caiion property 160, 220 I 
 
 Genesis of chromite deposits 102 I 
 
 Geisendorfer and Turner mill 163, 164 t 
 
 and Schwartz properties 134 1 
 
 Geological horizons in which manganese occurs 12 ( 
 
 Geologj', Department of. University of California 8 ' 
 
 general, of Shasta County chromite deposits 181 i 
 
 of chromite deposits 101-113 I 
 
 chromite in Del Norte County 124 
 
 Coast Range manganese deposits 13 I 
 
 Tesla district 24 
 
 Georgia, manganese in 12 I 
 
 Gibsonville chrome deposit 1S9. 222 
 
 Gilchrist, Robert 98 
 
 Gill et al. prospect 182 
 
 Gillis (Madrid) prospect 225 
 
 Gladwin and Peet claim 38, 93 
 
 Glamis, Imperial County, manganese ore shipped from 93 
 
 Glenn County, chromite in 110, 146-147, 219 
 
 manganese in IS. 32, 92 
 
 property 134, 217 
 
 William 101 
 
 Goldschmidt Thermit Company 9 
 
 Gold Stripe deposit 221 
 
 Gordon Mountain, chromite on 114, 129 
 
 Grades of chrome ore 226 
 
 manganese ores required 9 
 
 Grafton claim — 183, 222 
 
 Graham deposit 154-156, 219 
 
 Granite-limestone contact, manganese on — _ 19 
 
 Grant prospect 197. 223 
 
 Gravel, chromite in 166, 203 
 
INDEX. 235 
 
 Page 
 ('.ray claims ^4 
 
 Eagle chrome group — 181, 222 
 
 lease 52 
 
 (Ireat Expectations claim , 79 
 
 Western mine 149, 219 
 
 Quicksilver Mining Company 106 
 
 I 'rieen chrome mine 134, 218 
 
 property (Placer County) . 161. 220 
 
 Grosse manganese claims 58, 94 
 
 Grummit Fiiinch prospects 84, 96 
 
 Guthrie, Alex., claim 46, 93 
 
 et al. claims 152-153 
 
 Hallingren property 203, 224 
 
 Hamilton, Fletcher 5 
 
 Hampton prospect 224 
 
 Hausmannite 14 
 
 Hannagan Ranch deposit 60, 94 
 
 Harbison-Walker Refractories Co 226 
 
 Harder, E. C 11, 12, 13, 25, 76, 115, 167 
 
 Hardy, Charles 98 
 
 ' ITarp and Sons Ranch deposit 149, 219 
 
 Karris lease 193, 198 
 
 Ranch deposit 190 
 
 IHarshaw, Fuller and Goodwin Companj' 98 
 
 Haskins, A. A., use of White Good-Roads, truck by, in hauling dolomite 66 
 
 Hauser, Martin and Cheeseborough claims 58, 94 
 
 I Hawkins property 108 
 
 prospect . 130. 217 
 
 Ranch deposit 60. 95 
 
 ; Hazel-Atlas Glass Company 98 
 
 Hearst property 183,222 
 
 ' Ranch deposits (San Luis Obispo County) 175,176 
 
 prospect 70, 95 
 
 lieath, W. P., and Company 98 
 
 Hendricks mine (manganese) 15, 60-61, 95 
 
 property (chrome) 118-119, 216 
 
 Herman prospect 37, 93 
 
 Heroult smelter 20 
 
 Herrick prospect 37, '93 
 
 Hersam, E. A 19. 20 
 
 i Heslewood chrome deposits 207, 209 
 
 [j lease 147 
 
 Hickman, Williams and Company 98 
 
 Highland Lake chrome property 210, 224 
 
 High Plateau prospect 130, 217 
 
 road built to 114 
 
 Hill, C. W., Chemical Company 98 
 
 S. W., deposit 206, 224 
 
 ; Hinch property 121, 216 
 
 j History of chromium 101 
 
 Hobbs Wall Company, logging railroad 131 
 
 I Hobson claims 70, 95 
 
 'i Hodges and Linder property 161, 220 
 
 I Hoeft properties 219 
 
 I Hoff group 135 
 
 I Hogan property 220 
 
 llolbrook and McGuire concentrating plants 112 
 
 and McGuire lease 80, 180, 222. 217 
 
 et al. lease 204-205 
 
 FTollister lease 178 
 
 j Holmes Lime Company 141 
 
 I Hopper claim 44. 93 
 
 Horse Mountain Copper Company 114 
 
 copper mine, chromite in 148, 219 
 
 i Hospital Creek, manganese on 85. 87 
 
 iHothersall property 220 
 
 Hoy claims 183, 222 
 Hubbard, J. D., concentrating plant of 118 
 
 Hudson, F. L 8 
 
 Hughes group _213, 225 
 
 ' Huguenin, Emile , 1, 7 
 
 Humboldt Countv, chromite in 114, 148. 219 
 
 manganese in 16.33-34,92.93 
 
 i Humphrey, E. C, and Company 98 
 
 Hunter, Wm., mine 82, 96 
 
 Hydromagnesite associated with chromite 197 
 
 Tda chrome group 1 183, 222 
 
 Illinois Pacific Glass Company l 98 
 
 Steel Company 98 
 
 Imperial County, manganese in : 19, 34-35. 93 
 
 I Import Chemical Company 98 
 
 Independent mine 42-44 
 
 I India, manganese in 11 
 
 Indian dugout canoes, transportation of chrome ore by 114 
 
 ' Ingram Creek, manganese on 60, 84, 85 
 
 
236 INDEX. 
 
 I 
 
 Page' 
 
 Innes, F. C, claim 123, 217 
 
 Integral Chrome Mining Company 210-211, 224 
 
 Quicksilver Mining Company 210 
 
 Inyo County, manganese in 19, 36, 93 
 
 Iowa Hill district, chromite in 113 
 
 Irish Ranch deposit 136, 218 
 
 Iron Age 9 
 
 Queen claim 54, 94 
 
 James, Geo. A., Company 161 
 
 Jasper, P^ranciscan, manganese ore in 24- 
 
 Jens deposit 222 
 
 Jig, concentration by 187, 188 
 
 Joerger property 136, 218 
 
 Johe Rancli chrome deposit 170, 221, 
 
 manganese deposit 71, 95. 
 
 Jolinson claims (Imperial County) 35,93 
 
 prospect (Trinity County) 90, 96. 
 
 Johnston prospect 218 
 
 Jones group 78 
 
 and Laughlin Steel Company 98 
 
 Joyner deposit 225 
 
 Jumbo prospect 27, 92 
 
 Juniata Furnace and Foundry Company 98 
 
 Kahl mine 213, 225 
 
 Kammererite 186 
 
 Keeny et al. lease 41 
 
 Keller Bros, prospect 78, 96 
 
 Kelly property 136, 218 
 
 Ranch deposit 27, 92 
 
 Kern County, manganese in 93 
 
 Kiaupat, Henry, prospect 215 
 
 Kilday Ranch deposit 180, 222 
 
 Kindred and McKniglit manganese claims 91 
 
 et al. chrome claims 156 
 
 King Ranch deposit 196, 197, 198 
 
 Kinzie lease 55 
 
 Klamath chrome mine 194 
 
 district, chromite in 115 
 
 Mountain region, chromite in 107-109, 189 
 
 manganese in 17 
 
 River, chromite on , 108, 109 
 
 Kleinsorge chrome mine , 110, 206-207, 224 
 
 Kotzchubeite 186 
 
 La Belle Iron Works 99 
 
 Lackawanna Steel Company 99 
 
 Lacy property 144 
 
 Ladd mine 24, 64-67, 95, 100 
 
 carbonate ore in 65,66 
 
 production of 16 
 
 La Follette Coal and Iron Company 99 
 
 Lagunitas Development Company 39 
 
 Lake County, chromite in 106, 148-151, 219 
 
 manganese in 16, 36-37, 93 
 
 La Laguna Ranch deposit (chrome) 179,222 
 
 deposits (manganese) 74, 95 
 
 Lambert property 119 
 
 Lamson, J. S., and Bros., Inc 99 
 
 Langford and Clary lease 121,216 
 
 La Priniera mine 171, 221 
 
 Laurel Lake Ranch deposit 180, 222 
 
 Lavic Mountain deposit 62, 95 
 
 Lavino. E. J., and Company 99, 226 
 
 La Trinidad chrome mine 171, 221 
 
 Lawson, A. C 31, 39 
 
 Leavitt, C. W., and Company 99. 
 
 Lebanon Blast Furnace Company 99 
 
 Leecli Lake Mountain, manganese on 44 ; 
 
 Lee mine 40 
 
 LeMay deposit , 223 
 
 'Leopard' ore 140, 194 
 
 Letter of transmittal 5 ' 
 
 Levansaler-Speir Corporation 99, 213, 219'^ 
 
 Lewis, .1. V 102 
 
 Ranch deposit 61, 95 
 
 Liberty chrome mine 124, 217 
 
 group ^, 114 
 
 Lighthill Ranch deposit 196, 197, 198 
 
 Lightliold claims 213, 225 
 
 Lime Kiln deposit 159 
 
 district, manganese in 18 
 
 Limestone, chromite in 165 
 
 -granite contract, manganese on 19 
 
 Linder and Hodges property 161, 220 
 
INDEX. 237 
 
 Page 
 
 Little Castle Creek mine ___109, ISl, 183-188, 222 
 
 geology of 1 86-187 
 
 jig concentration at 187, 188 
 
 map of 184 
 
 production of 181, 185 
 
 Deer claim 44, 93 
 
 Red Mountain, chromite on 156 
 
 hive Oak claim 181 
 
 Loading bunkers for chromite 191 
 
 Lockwood prospect -- 88 
 
 Loeser, David 99 
 
 Logan, C. A 1, 7, 9, 101, 226 
 
 lease 211 
 
 prospect 219 
 
 Lone Pine claim 188, 222 
 
 Los Angeles County, chromite in 151, 219 
 
 County, manganese in 19, 38, 93 
 
 Pressed Brick Company 99 
 
 Los Olivos deposit 179, 222 
 
 Louderback, G. D 8. 14 
 
 Lovejoy-Stevens property 141 
 
 Lovett and Sullivan group 93 
 
 Low Divide mine 108, 125, 126 
 
 Low Moor Iron Company of Virginia 99 
 
 Lowrey chrome deposits 207-208 
 
 Lowry property 122, 216 
 
 Luce prospect , 219 
 
 Lucky Girl prospect 204, 224 
 
 Jack group 171, 221 
 
 Strike mine 107, 119, 149-150. 216, 219 
 
 Lukins Iron and Steel Oompany 226 
 
 Lyser, C. J 202 
 
 Maberry and Brown manganese deposit 59, 94 
 
 Mackay, A. D 226 
 
 Mackey property 213-214, 225 
 
 Madeira deposit 201, 223 
 
 Madrid chrome property 225 
 
 manganese property 91, 97 
 
 Madrona, chromite near 129 
 
 Magmatic segregation, formation of chromite by 102 
 
 Magnetic separation of inanganese ores -- 20 
 
 Mailliard Ranch deposit 38, 93 
 
 Malpas prospect 131 
 
 Maltby and Adams leases 126,128,223,225 
 
 C. S. 225 
 
 Mammoth prospect 78, 96 
 
 Manganese . 9-100 
 
 bronze 10 
 
 carbonate of 17, 45 
 
 in Ladd mine 65, 66 
 
 in Tesla district 24. 26 
 
 Company of California 67, 69, 72, 209, 224 
 
 deposits, map of California showing 13 
 
 in Alameda County 24-29, 92 
 
 Amador County 29-30, 92 
 
 Brazil 11 
 
 Butte County 30, 92 
 
 Calaveras County 31, 92 
 
 California, production of 7, 100 
 
 Chile 11 
 
 Contra Costa County 31-32, 92 
 
 Fresno County 32, 92 
 
 Glenn County 32, 92 
 
 Humboldt County 33-34. '*'>.. 9S 
 
 Imperial County 34-35, 93 
 
 India 11 
 
 Inyo Courttv 36, 93 
 
 Kern County 93 
 
 Lake County •_____ 36-37, 93 
 
 Los Angeles County 38, 93 
 
 Marin County 38, 93 
 
 Mendocino County 31-49. 93 
 
 Merced County 49-50, 93 
 
 Monterey County 50, 93 
 
 Napa County 51, 93. 94 
 
 Nevada County 51, 94 
 
 Panama 12 
 
 Placer County 52, 94 
 
 Plumas County 53-54, 94 
 
 Riverside County 54-59, 94 
 
 Russia 10 
 
 San Benito County 59-61, 94, 95 
 
 San Bernardino County 61-64, 95 
 
 San .Joaquin County 64-69, 95 
 
 San Luis Obispo County 69-74, 95 
 
238 INDEX. 
 
 Manganese— Continued. Page 
 
 Santa Barbara County 74, 95 
 
 Santa Clara County 75-80, 95, 96 
 
 Shasta County 80-81, 96 
 
 Siskiyou County 81-82, 96 
 
 Sonoma County 82-83, 96 
 
 Stanislaus County 83-87, 96 
 
 Tehama County 87-89, 96 
 
 Trinity County 89-91, 96, 97 
 
 Tulare County 91, 97 
 
 Tuolumne County 91, 97 
 
 United States 12 
 
 minerals 13-14 
 
 on Mt. Diablo 32 
 
 ore, analyses of 57, 73, 86 
 
 foreign deposits of 11 
 
 in dry batteries 10 
 
 production of, in California 100 
 
 ores, grades of, required 9 
 
 possibilities of concentrating 19-20 
 
 prices of 10 
 
 purchasers of 98-100 
 
 secondary concentration deposits of 12 
 
 Peak group 88-89, 96 
 
 percentage recovery of, in ferro-manganese 21 
 
 of, in steel slags 12 
 
 Products Company ■ 84 
 
 prospect on Arroyo del Puerto 84 
 
 Ridge prospect 51 
 
 uses of, and gi-ades of ore required 9 
 
 Avar necessity of 5, 7 
 
 world sources of 10-12 
 
 Manhattan Electrician Supply Company 99 
 
 Manilla manganese property 31, 92 
 
 Man Ridge mine 27,28, 92 
 
 mines, production of 16 
 
 Map of a portion of Central California, showing deposits of chromium, mag- 
 
 nesite and manganese 24 
 
 California, showing locations of chromium and manganese deposits 13 
 
 chrome ore deposits in San Luis Obispo County 167 
 
 Little Castle Creek mine 184 
 
 New London mine 173 
 
 Mapes-O'Hara lease 215 
 
 Market for chromite 227-228 
 
 Marin County, manganese in 16, 38, 93 
 
 Mariposa County, chromite in 110, 151, 219 
 
 Marks lease 190, 198 
 
 Marshall. E. B ^9 
 
 Martin-McKeen mine 198, 223 
 
 Maryland, chromite in 101 
 
 Masterson group 198, 223 
 
 Mateos Ranch deposit -- 78-79, 96 
 
 Matthews Ranch deposit 118 
 
 Maxwell Ranch deposit 122 
 
 McBride mill 146 
 
 McCarthy claims 199, 223 
 
 McCartv property 165, 221 
 
 T. L. 99 
 
 McClendon, W.. Ranch deposit 44. 93 
 
 McConnell-Kirby claims 210 
 
 McCormack mine 225 
 
 McCoy Mountains, manganese in 54 
 
 McCurdy property 136, 218 
 
 McFaul property 122, 216 
 
 McGuire, Holbrook and Springer lease 204-205, 224 
 
 McKeefrey Iron Company 99 
 
 McKnight and Kindred claims 91, 97 
 
 et al. chrome claims 156 
 
 McLean-Clark prospect 82, 96 
 
 McNear lease 162 
 
 McNulty deposit I 190 
 
 Medicinal uses of manganese 10 
 
 Meeker chrome mine 201-203. 223 
 
 Mefford property 116. 216 
 
 Mendenhall mine 115, 216 
 
 Mendocino County, chromite in 151-156, 219 
 
 manganese in 13, 16, 36, 39-50. 93 
 
 Merced County, manganese in 15, 93 
 
 Merchant Estate mine 75, 92 
 
 mine 25, 26, 27 
 
 Metal and Thermit Corporation 226 
 
 Mexican prospect 76 
 
 Miami Metals Company 99 
 
 Michaels. Roman and Weeks lease 44, 93 
 
 Middle Creek Mining Company 38 
 
 Middlemast chrome deposit 171, 221 
 
 Miles and Westover claims 188, 222 
 
INDEX. 239 
 
 Paie 
 
 Milkr claims j^gg 2''2 
 
 Milligan lease !!_" ~I~_ ' 199 
 
 Mineral Products Company TerTi.si, 96,'203r205, 224 
 
 Resources Corporation of America 121 144 2I6 219 
 
 Minerals of manganese ~ ~~ ' '_ i:»_i4 
 
 Mines and Metals Corporation ~ IIIII" ' ng 
 
 Mining costs I._I_1_I ~1_ 4:5 
 
 and Scientific Press ~~~ III_III~12, 166 194 
 
 Mississippi Valley Iron Company ~ I_I2Z L ' 99 
 
 Mitchell mine ~~ ~~ "IIII 96 
 
 Montana, manganese in ~"~" III_~IIII_I \-i 
 
 Monterey County, chromite in ~I I.IIZZI 104, 156 
 
 manganese in Z I-IIIIIl5 50, 93 
 
 Moore Creek deposit I" II_I_ ' 5li 94 
 
 prospect II_I I" •ii9 
 
 Moscatelli pi-operty "I 157, 2'/i> 
 
 Mother Lode district, chromite in IZZII_I IZ_ " 115 
 
 Mount Diablo, manganese on ZZZZZ 32 
 
 Hill mine • ZZI ZZ_Z_157, 220 
 
 Sanhedrin claims ZZZZ_44-4'5'93 
 
 manganese carbonate in Z ZZ__ ' 13 
 
 Sanhedrin, manganese on Z I 16 
 
 Miniibo Creek group ZZZZ-211, 224 
 
 Mundrini mine Z ZZ _" ' 218 
 
 Murphy property Z ZZ 136-137, 2IS 
 
 Musgrave prospect 223 
 
 Mutual Chemical Company ZZ 226 
 
 chrome mine Z 171, 221 
 
 Napa County, chromite in 106, 156-157, 219 
 
 manganese in , 16,51,93,94 
 
 Kaphis Peak mine 90, 96 
 
 Nassau Copper Company 121, 216 
 
 National Alloy Companj' . 99 
 
 Carbon Company 99 
 
 Electrolytic Company 226 
 
 Paint and Manganese Company 98 
 
 Neill prospect 219 
 
 Neptune gold mine 134 
 
 Nevada County, chromite in 113,157-159,219-220 
 
 Chrome Company 157. 220 
 
 Manganese in 18, 51, 94 
 
 Xf-whall Estate 149 
 
 manganese lease 25, 27, 92 
 
 mine 79, 96 
 
 Xew Idria district ! 105 
 
 London chrome mine 103, 171-173, 221 
 
 map of 172 
 
 Year manganese claims 46, 93 
 
 X-vsTnan chrome mine 115, 116 
 
 manganese mine 27. 92 
 
 Xichelini mine 219 
 
 Nickel in manganese ore 10 
 
 Nigger Hill chrome mine 137,218 
 
 Nnble Electric Steel Company__9, 20-22, 28, 30, 44, 46. 48, 53, 5!). 60, 74, 79. 80, 81, 
 S2, 89, 90. 99, 107, 112, 115, 116, 137, 154, 155, 167. 188. 195. 206, 207-208, 222, 224, 226 
 
 X'orcross chrome mine 174, 221 
 
 concentration at 174 
 
 lease 134 
 
 Norris and Noyes mine 120, 166, 221 
 
 Northern California Power Company 20 
 
 Xorthwestern Iron Company 99 
 
 Pacific Railroad 90. 212 
 
 Noves lease (manganese) 32 
 
 prospect 120. 216 
 
 prospect (Glenn County) 219 
 
 Null prospect 225 
 
 Nungesser Carbon and Battery Company 99 
 
 Oakley Paint Manufacturing Company 99 
 
 (I'Brien Mine __^ 218 
 
 T. S. et al. lease 180 
 
 O'Donnell and Burns Mining Company 179-180. 222 
 
 Ogle property 137. 21S 
 
 Old Dominion Pig Iron Corporation 99 
 
 Olsen mine 216 
 
 prospect 220 
 
 Oregon, chromite in 124 
 
 Oustomah mill, chrome concentration in 113, 157-158 
 
 Overstroni Mineral Concentrator 143 
 
 Owl claim 129, 217 
 
 Hole mine 19 
 
 Owls Head mine 62 
 
 Hole Manganese Mine 62-64, 95 
 
 Otis Steel Company 226 
 
240 INDEX. 
 
 Page ' 
 Pacific Coast Railroad 69 
 
 Coast Manganese Company 87' 
 
 Steel Company 99, 153,226 
 
 Electro Metals Company 22, 99,226 
 
 smelter of 22-23 
 
 Sewer Pipe Company 9ft, 
 
 Page lease 44: 
 
 Paints, use of manganese in lOi I 
 
 Palen Mountains deposit 59?] 
 
 manganese in 5T' 
 
 Paleozoic formations, chromite in 181, 189'- 
 
 Palo Verde region manganese claims I_ 59, 94 < 
 
 Panama, manganese in 12". 
 
 Parker, Ivan H., property 161-162,220 
 
 Parkhurst prospect 221^ 
 
 Parmeter Ranch deposit 203, 22Sj 
 
 Patterson deposits 22S ' 
 
 and Western Railroad 75, 76, 203, 204, 208 
 
 Payne mill • 14( 
 
 Peewee chrome claim 212, 224 
 
 Pennsylvania, chromite in 101 
 
 manganese mine , 79, 96 
 
 Penrose mine 54, 94 
 
 Percentage of manganese in steel slags 12 
 
 Pereira group (San Luis Obispo County) 177,221 
 
 property (Tuolumne County) 214, 225 
 
 Pericone property 225 
 
 Peridotite, alteration of, to serpentine 186, 189 
 
 chromite in 102,180,186, 189 
 
 Peri property 122, 217 
 
 Perry Iron Company 99 
 
 Peyton et al. lease 30 
 
 Pfeiffer property 140, 218 
 
 Phelan Ranch deposits 71, 95 
 
 Phillips lease 84,96 
 
 Phillpot deposit ^ 211, 224 
 
 Phoenix Mines (quicksilver) 20431 
 
 Phosphorus in manganese ore 14a 
 
 Picayune Lake group 211, 224 
 
 Pick and Shovel mine 103,174-175.221 
 
 Picrite 180 
 
 Pierce and Benadom group 177 
 
 Pig iron, 'high manganese' 9 
 
 Pilliken mine 112, 137-140, 194, 218 
 
 mine, concentration at 140 
 
 Rancii mine 112 
 
 Pilot Hill property 140, 218 
 
 Pine Mountain group 169, 175-176, 221 
 
 Pit River Consolidated group 80, 96 
 
 Pittsburgh Lamp Brass and Glass Company 99 
 
 Steel Company 99 
 
 Placer Chrome Company 112, 141-143, 218 
 
 County, chromite in 113, 159-164, 220 
 
 manganese in 18, 52, 94 
 
 gravels, chromite in 101, 166, 203 
 
 Plainer, J. H., prospect 205, 224 
 
 Plumas County, chromite in 103, 113, 165-166, 220-221 
 
 manganese in 18, 53-54, 94 
 
 Point Sal, chromite near 180, 222 
 
 Porter Ranch deposit 33-34, 92 
 
 Portervllle and Northeastern Railroad ' 91j 
 
 Potter Valley mine 401 
 
 Pottery, use of manganese in 10^ 
 
 Powell property 30,92 
 
 et al. lease 225 
 
 Power Timber Company 162 
 
 Pratt, J. H 102 
 
 Prefumo Caiion deposit 72-78 
 
 district — 15 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 3 5 
 
 Preston Estate 213 
 
 Prices and grades of chrome ore 226 
 
 of manganese ores 10 
 
 Priem and Dougherty group 188. 
 
 Princess chrome mine 124, 217 
 
 Production costs 11 
 
 of chromite in California 7, 226-227 
 
 ferro-manganese — 9 
 
 manganese in California 7, 100 
 
 spiegeleisen 9 
 
 Prospector, districts of promise to 115 
 
 Providence E.xploration Company 64 
 
 Psilomelane 14, 19 
 
 Puerto Creek, chromite on 203, 204 
 
 manganese on 84j 
 
 Publications of State Mining Bureau 229-2321 
 
INDEX. 241 
 
 ■e Page 
 
 ^Pulaski Iron Company 1(9 
 
 Purcell-Griffin mine 1')!, Ul'.i 
 
 Purchasers of manganese ores 98-100 
 
 Pyrolusite 14, 19 
 
 best for batteries 10 
 
 Rancho Piedra Blanca 176, 221 
 
 Santa Manuela 176, 221 
 
 Santa Rita 176, 221 
 
 Rattlesnake Bar, concentration plant at 142 
 
 manganese mine : 32, 92 
 
 Reay deposit 28, 92 
 
 Recovery, percentage of, in ferro-manganese 21 
 
 Red Cliff prospect : 90, 96 
 
 g^ Mountain, chromite on 154, 155 
 
 m magnesite deposits 204 
 
 P Rock 31-32, 92 
 
 Slide district, magnesite in 201 
 
 Redledge mine 158, 220 
 
 Reed Farm chrome mine 101 
 
 Replacement theory now considered untenable 13 
 
 Republic Iron and Steel Company 99 
 
 Rhodes, Byles and Gribble property 144-145, 219 
 
 -Hurt prospect 46, 93 
 
 Rhodochrosite 13, 45 
 
 claims — 44 
 
 Rhodonite 13 
 
 Rice, A. P 99 
 
 Riccioli prospect 71-72, 95 
 
 Riflle-Crisle deposit 218 
 
 Ricketson Mineral Paint Works 99 
 
 Riverside County, manganese in 19, 54—59, 94 
 
 Roach claims 152 
 
 Rock Wren claim 145 
 
 Rogers, Brown and Company 99 
 
 Rohrer and McCrosky claims 120, 216 
 
 Root et al. claims 152-153 
 
 J. W., deposit 28, 92 
 
 Rose and Gates lease 180 
 
 Ross Ranch prospect 50, 93 
 
 Rough and Ready chrome mine 214. 225 
 
 Riihser and Hubberty deposit — 30, 92 
 
 Rusner-Hymer lease 46 
 
 Russell group 211 
 
 Russ deposit 177, 221 
 
 Russia, manganese in 10 
 
 production cost of manganese ore in 11 
 
 Sacramento Valley, chromite on west side of 109-110 
 
 Salmon River, manganese on 81 
 
 Samuel, Frank 99, 226 
 
 San Benito County, chromite in 105, 166, 221 
 
 manganese in 15, 59—61, 94, 95 
 
 I San Bernardino County, manganese in 19, 61—64, 95 
 
 ! San Carpoiaro Creek deposit — 177, 221 
 
 Sanford, H. W 227,228 
 
 I San Joaquin County, manganese in 15, 16, 24, 64-69, 95 
 
 County, manganese production in 16 
 
 I Valley, chromite on west side of 105 
 
 I manganese in counties west of 15 
 
 I San Luis Obispo County, chromite in 103. 113. 167-178, 221-222 
 
 I early production of chromite in 226 
 
 I first chrome concentrator in 103 
 
 mangane.se in 14, 69—74. 95 
 
 map of chrome ore deposits in 167 
 
 Santa Barbara County, chromite in 104, 113, 179-180, 222 
 
 manganese in 14, 74, 95 
 
 Santa Clara County, chromite in 24, 105, 180, 222 
 
 magnesite in 24 
 
 manganese in 15. 16, 24, 75-80, 95, 96 
 
 production in 16 
 
 Santa Fe Railroad 56,57 
 
 Santa Lucia Mountains, manganese in 15, 50, 70 
 
 Sartorius lease 84, 87 
 
 Sausalito Point, manganese on 39, 93 
 
 Savage, John A., and Company 99 
 
 Sawyer Tanning Company 148, 149, 219 
 
 Scheirmeier, H., prospect . 162, 220 
 
 Schellenger claims 1 -- 54-56, 59 
 
 Schelly property 143, 218 
 
 Schoettgen prospect 225 
 
 Scott property 220 
 
 and Winegar mine 27, 28, 92 
 
 Scullin S-teel Company 99 
 
 Seaboard Steel and Manganese Corporation 99 
 
 le— 38966 
 
 t 
 
242 INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 
 Seagrave lease 85 
 
 Seattle Smelting Company 99 
 
 Secondary concentration deposits of manganese ores 12 
 
 Second Thought claim 145 
 
 Seligman, Arthur 99 
 
 Selvester and Wilson prospect 90, 96 
 
 Sericite associated with chromite 189 
 
 Serpentine, chromite in 103, m, 115 
 
 derived from peridotite '_ ' 189; 
 
 in Franciscan formations lis 
 
 Sonoma County 201 
 
 Shaffer Engineering Company 99 
 
 Shanks and Copps lease (chrome) 203, 224 
 
 lease (manganese) 82, 96 
 
 Sharpe Ranch deposit 196, 197"i99 
 
 Sharrer prospect 120,' 216' 
 
 Shasta (Copper Company I_ " ' gi 
 
 County, chromite in 109, lSl-188, 222 
 
 general geology of chromite deposits in 181 
 
 manganese in 17, 80-81, 96 
 
 Shaw and Matthews manganese mine 83, 96 
 
 Shell Rock manganese deposits . 46[ 93 
 
 Sherwin Williams Company 226 
 
 Shields and Packwood 93 
 
 W. E., prospect 156, 219 
 
 Shotgrun Creek mines ' 188 
 
 Siberia, chromite in 101 
 
 Siebert mine 219: 
 
 Sierra County, chromite in 113, i89, 222 
 
 Nevada Mountain counties, chromite in '_110-113| 
 
 Silico-manganese, electric smelting of 22 
 
 Simmons property 216 
 
 Simpson lease 52; 
 
 Ranch deposit 143, 2I8 
 
 Sims, chrome deposit 214,225 
 
 Singewald and Miller II_I ' n 
 
 Siskiyou County, chromite in 107, 108-109, 114, 189-201. 222-223 
 
 manganese in __17, 81-82, 96 
 
 transportation in Z 1_ 190 
 
 Skaggs hot springs, manganese near 83 
 
 Skillen and Means group 82, 96 
 
 Sligo Furnace Company 99 
 
 Sloss-Sheffleld Steel and Iron Company 99 
 
 Slags, steel, manganese in 12 
 
 Smith Bros, lease 53 
 
 J. Lawrence , 102 
 
 J. P. 104, 181, 189 
 
 Snow property 146, 219 
 
 Snyder property 145, 219 
 
 Soloman, C, Jr 99 
 
 Sonoma County, chromite in 106, 201-203, 223-224 
 
 manganese in 16, 82-83, 96 
 
 Southern California, manganese in 19 
 
 Coast Range counties, chromite in 103-104 
 
 Manganese Corporation — 99 
 
 Pacific Railroad 87, 119, 132, 169, 178, 181, 197 
 
 Souza Ranch deposit 199, 223 
 
 Sperry prospect 188, 222 
 
 -Wright lease 84, 85, 86 
 
 Spiegeleisen, composition of 9 
 
 production of 9 
 
 Springer et al. lease.. 204-205 
 
 Standard Steel T^^orks Company 99 
 
 Staneuch Ranch deposit 15, 72-73, 95 
 
 analyses of manganese ore from 73 
 
 Stanislaus County, chromite in 24, 105, 203-205, 224 
 
 magnesite in 24 
 
 manganese in 15, 16, 24, 83-87, 96 
 
 production in 16 
 
 State Mining Bureau, publications 229-232: 
 
 Steel Ranch chrome mine 141, 218! 
 
 slags, percentage of manganese in 12; 
 
 Stella chrome mine 124, 217 
 
 Stewart lease 60 
 
 Stifle, W. L., prospect 143, 218 
 
 St. Louis Refractories Company 226 
 
 Stokes property 216 
 
 Stope in Winship manganese mine 68 
 
 Strickland. C, deposits 223 
 
 Stromberg, Oscar 99 
 
 Suffern Co.. Inc.. The 87, 99 
 
 Sullinger prospect 157, 219' 
 
 Sullivan property 163, 220 
 
 Sulphur in manganese ore 14 
 
 Sunshine claim 181 
 
 I 
 
INDEX. 243 
 
 Superior Portland Cement Company 99 
 
 Supplementary statement relative to chromite market 227-228 
 
 Sutton manganese property 91, 97 
 
 Sugar Creeli chrome claim 199, 22:? 
 
 Pine properties 162-163, 164, 220 
 
 Swayne chrome mine 216 
 
 Sweet Ranch deposit 159, 220 
 
 Sweetwater chrome mine 177-178, 222 
 
 Swerer prospect 225 
 
 Table of chromite production 227 
 
 manganese production 100 
 
 Tacoma Metals Company 99 
 
 Taliaferro, N. H S 
 
 Taylor property ■ 93 
 
 Tedoc chrome mine 208-209, 224 
 
 Mountain, chromite on 110, 208,209 
 
 Tehama Consolidated Chrome Company ■ 206, 207 
 
 Countj', chromite in 110, 206-209, 224 
 
 manganese in 18, 87-89, 96 
 
 Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company 99 
 
 Terrill, Wm., prospect 219 
 
 Terry and Sell mine 215,225 
 
 Tesla district, clirome. magnesite and manganese in 24 
 
 early production of manganese in 100 
 
 general geology of 24 
 
 map of 24 
 
 Tethers chrome prospects 124, 217 
 
 Thatcher Creek claims 46 
 
 The Chrome Mine 190, 199-200, 223 
 
 The Metalores Corporation 99 
 
 Thomas Iron Company 99 
 
 manganese mine 16, 46-48, 93 
 
 Thompson Bros, lease 87 
 
 Thorne deposits 219 
 
 Lew, lease 93 
 
 Tibbetts, S. A 87 
 
 Tilsley and Coplen group 52, 94 
 
 Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad 19. 61, 62 
 
 Toms Head chrome mine 209, 224 
 
 Peak, chromite on 110 
 
 Toledo Furnace Companj' 99 
 
 Transportation costs 43, 103, 105, 107, 109, 110, 
 
 112. 113, 118, 119, 121, 131, 135, 140, 145, 149, 151, 162. 173, 178, 187, 194, 198, 200, 209 
 
 difficulties 115 
 
 in Del Norte County 125 
 
 Siskiyou County 190 
 
 of chrome ore by Indian dugout canoes 114 
 
 Trask, J. B 166 
 
 Trinidad mine 10^ 
 
 Mining Company — 167, 170. 171 
 
 Trinity Asbestos Mining Company 210 
 
 County, chromite in 109, 209-212. 224 
 
 manganese in 17, 89-91. 96. 97 
 
 Tropper Ranch deposit 143. 218 
 
 True Blue chrome mine — 123. 217 
 
 Tucker lease 149, 219 
 
 W. B. 1.7 
 
 Tulare County, chromite in 104. 213. 225 
 
 manganese in 18. 91. 97 
 
 Tuolumne County, chromite in 111,213-215.225 
 
 manganese in 18, 19. 91. 97 
 
 Turner and Geisendorfer Chrome and Concentrator Company 163, 164. 220 
 
 Turner lease 162 
 
 Turtle Dove property 158. 220 
 
 Twin Peaks mine 219 
 
 Tyson chrome mines in Maryland 101 
 
 Estate mines 125-129.217 
 
 Isaac, Jr. 101 
 
 Mining Company 128 
 
 properties 10°. 124 
 
 Upper Coon Mountain, chromite near 129 
 
 Union Chrome Company 119, 
 
 120. 132, 136. 142. 143. 144, 145, 159, 165. 174, 181, 195, 210, 216. 219, 220, 222, 223, 22|i 
 
 U. S. Bureau of Mines 7 
 
 Glass Companv 100 
 
 Geological Survey 7, 9S, 226 
 
 manganese in Ij- 
 
 Steel Corporation 100 
 
 University of California 19 
 
 Department of Geology 8 
 
 Uses of manganese 9 
 
 Utah Iron and Steel Company Tqa~iqo iqq 
 
 Uvarovite associated with chromite 190, 198. 199 
 
244 INDEX, 
 
 Page 
 
 "Valine Ranch pi-ospect 200, 223 
 
 Valley View mine 166, 221 
 
 Vanadium Steel Alloys Company ' loo 
 
 Vance prospect 219 
 
 Vandercook lease • i66 
 
 Van Fleet, J. S -- • i86 
 
 Van Ranch prospect 37, 93 
 
 Varnish,' use of manganese in 10 
 
 Vauquelin, Nicolaus lOi 
 
 Vaughn Ranch deposit 104, 213, 225 
 
 Vermont, manganese in ' 12 
 
 View Point property 30, 92 
 
 Virginia, chromite in 101 
 
 manganese in . 12 
 
 Vogelgesang Ranch deposits 125. 217 
 
 Wad 14 
 
 Waddell mine 213, 225 
 
 Wait property 117, 216 
 
 Wakehama tunnel 120, 216 
 
 "Waldteufel mine 48 
 
 Walker lease 123, 217 
 
 Wallace Ranch deposit 79, 96 
 
 "V\''alsh-Hall lease 159, I6O, 161 
 
 Wanderer Mining Company 203, 223 
 
 Ward deposit 217 
 
 War Industries Board 227, 228 
 
 Waring, C. A 1, 7 
 
 War necessity of manganese and chromium 5, 7 
 
 Watts Valley chromite deposits 105, 145, 219 
 
 Wear lease 178 
 
 Wells mine 216 
 
 W^elsh Ranch deposit (chrome) 178, 222 
 
 deposit (manganese) 73-74, 95 
 
 Western Iron and Fuel Company 134 
 
 Ores Company 166 
 
 Ore Company -. 120 
 
 Pacific Railroad 16. 67 
 
 Reduction Company 100 
 
 West prospect 220 
 
 Wharton Steel Company 100 
 
 Wheeler et al. claims 178. 222 
 
 prospect 83, 96 
 
 White Good-Roads Truck 66 
 
 Wickwire Steel Company 100 
 
 Wilcox, C. E., deposit 215 
 
 Wild Devil manganese mine 48, 93 
 
 Wiley property 144, 218 
 
 Williamson and Beck property 164, 220 
 
 -Erwin lease 200 
 
 Wilson Ranch prospect 200, 223 
 
 Winegar manganese claims 28 
 
 Wiltsee lease 67, 68, 69, 80 
 
 Winship properties 28, 67-69, 77. 80, 84-87, 92, 95, 96, 105. 180, 2->2 
 
 map showing 24 
 
 Winter claims 152 
 
 Wisconsin Steel Company 100 
 
 Woil property 158, 220 
 
 Wolf deposit 159, 220 
 
 Wood et al, prospect 219 
 
 Farm chrome mine 101 
 
 Woods prospect (Fresno County) 32,92 
 
 prospect (Humboldt County) 34,93 
 
 Wooley mine 31 
 
 "World sources of manganese 10-12 
 
 "V^'^orth Bros. Company 100 
 
 Wren Ranch deposit 51, 94 
 
 Wright lease — 85, 86, 87 
 
 mine 86 
 
 Wurster deposit 190 j 
 
 "Wurst prospect 201, 223 
 
 Tosemite Valley Railroad 151 1 
 
 Young et al. claims 130, 217i 
 
 property 108 1 
 
 Youngstown Steel and Tube Company 226] 
 
 Zanini Bros, deposit 144. 2181 
 
 Zantgraff district, chromite in 112] 
 
 Gold Mining Company 141 
 
 Zarr prospect 217j 
 
 Zenith Chrome Company 220 
 
 mine 120. 216 
 
 Zerfing Ranch deposit 178, 222j 
 
 SSa'iS 10-18 2500. O 
 
LIST OF PLHl. RATIONS. 
 
 245 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING 
 
 BUREAU. 
 
 Publications of this Bureau will be sent on receipt of the requisite amount. Only 
 stamps, coin or money orders will be accepted in payment. 
 
 Money orders should be made payable to the State Mixing Bureau. 
 Personal checks will not be accepted. 
 
 REPORTS. 
 Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. 
 ♦Report I. Henry G. Hanks. 1880. 
 ♦Report II. Henry G. Hanks. 1882. 
 ♦Report III. Henry G. Hanks. 1883. 
 ♦Report IV. Henry G. Hanks. 1884. 
 ♦Report V. Henry G. Hanks. 1885. 
 ♦Report VI. Part 1. Henry G. Hanks. 1886. 
 ♦Report VI. Part 2. Wm. Irelan. Jr. 18S6. 
 ♦Report VII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1887. 
 ♦Report VIII. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1888. 
 ♦Report IX. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1SS9. 
 ♦Report X. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1890. Price 
 
 Report XI. Wm. Irelan, Jr. 1892. (First biennial) $1.00 
 
 "^Report XII. J. J. Crawford. 1894. (Second biennial) 
 
 *Report XIII. J. J. Crawford, 1896. (Third biennial) 
 
 Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report, Biennial period, 1913-1914, Fletcher 
 Hamilton: 
 Mines and Mineral Resources of Imperial and San Diego Counties — F. J. H. 
 
 Merrill. 1914 .35 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Amador, Calaveras and Tuolumne Counties — 
 
 W. B. Tucker. 1915 , .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources. Colusa. Glenn, Lake, Marin, Napa, Solano, 
 
 Sonoma and Yolo Counties — Walter W. Bradley. 1915 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Del Norte, Humboldt and Mendocino Counties 
 
 — F. L. Lowell. 1915 .25 
 
 INIines and Mineral Resources, Fresno, Kern. Kings, Madera, Mariposa, Mer- 
 ced, San Joaquin and Stanislaus Counties — Walter W. Bradley, G. C. 
 
 Brown, F. L. Lowell and R. P. McLaughlin, 1915 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Shasta, Siskiyou and Trinity Counties — G. C. 
 
 Brown. 1915 .50 
 
 Report XIV. Fletcher Hamilton, 1915, Biennial period 1913-1914. (The above 
 
 county chapters combined in a single volume) 2.00 
 
 Chapters of State Mineralogist's Report, Biennial Period, 1915-1916, Fletcher 
 Hamilton: 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Alpine. Inyo and Mono Counties, with geological 
 map — Arthur S. Eakle, Emile Huguenin, R. P. McLaughlin, Clarence A. 
 
 Waring. 1917 1.25 
 
 Same as above, without geological map .65 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Butte, Lassen, Modoc, Sutter and Tehama 
 
 Counties — W. Burling Tucker, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources. El . Dorado, Placer, Sacramento and Yuba 
 
 Counties — W. Burling Tucker, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 .65 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Los Angeles, Orange and Riverside Counties — 
 
 Frederick J. H. Merrill. 1917 .50 
 
 Mines and Mineral Resources, Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa 
 Barbara and Ventura Counties — Walter W. Bradley, Emile Huguenin, C. A. 
 
 Logan, Clarence A. Waring. 1917 .65 
 
 ]\Iines and Mineral Resources, San Bernardino and Tulare Counties — H. C. 
 
 Cloudman. Emile Huguenin, F. J. H. Merrill, W. Burling Tucker. 1917 .65 
 
 Report XV. Fletcher Hamilton, 1918, Biennial period, 1'915-1916. (The above 
 
 county chapters combined in a single volume) (In press) 
 
 BULLETINS. 
 
 ♦Bulletin 1. Dessicated Human Remains. — Winslow Anderson. 1888 
 
 ♦Bulletin 2. Methods of Mine Timbering.— W. H. Storms. 1894 
 
 'Bulletin 3. Gas and Petroleum Yielding Formations of the Central Valley of 
 
 California.— W. L. Watts. 1894 
 
 •^Bulletin 4. Catalogue of California Fossils (Parts 2, 3, 4 and 5).— J. G. 
 
 Cooper. 1894 
 
 ♦Bulletin 5. The Cyanide Process: Its Practical Application and Economical 
 
 Results— A. Scheidel. 1894 
 
 Bulletin 6. California Gold Mill Practices.— E. B. Preston. 1895 $0.50 
 
 ♦Bulletin 7. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1894. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 'Bulletin 8. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1895. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 ♦Bulletin 9. Mine Drainage, Pumps, etc. — Hans C. Behr. 1S96 
 
 ♦Bulletin 10. A Bibliography Relating to the Geology, Palfeontology, and 
 
 Mineral Resources of California. — A. W. Vogdes. 1896 
 
 ♦Bulletin 11. Oil and Gas Yielding Formations of Los Angeles, Ventura and 
 
 Santa Barbara Counties.— W. L. Watts. 1896 
 
 ♦Bulletin 12. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1896. — Chas. G. 
 
 LYale. (Tabulated • sheet) 
 17- 38058 
 
246 
 
 CALIFORNIA MINING BUREAU. 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU— Continued. 
 
 Asterisk (*) indicates the publication is out of print. Price. 
 
 ♦Bulletin 13. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1S97. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated slieet) 
 
 •Bulletin 14. Mineral Production of Caliiornia, by Counties, 1S98. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 15. Map of Oil City Oil Fields, Fresno County. — J. H. Means 
 
 •Bulletin IG. The Genesis of Petroleum and Asphaltum in California. — A. S. 
 
 Cooper. 1899 
 
 •Bulletin 17. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, - 1899. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 18. The Mother Lode Region of California. — W. H. Storms, 1900 
 
 •Bulletin 19. Oil and- Gas Yielding Formations of California. — W. L. Watts. 
 
 1900 
 
 •Bulletin 20. Synopsis of General Report of State Mining Bureau. — W. L. 
 
 Watts. 1900 
 
 •Bulletin 21. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1900. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) __ 
 
 •Bulletin 22. Mineral Production of California for Fourteen Years. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1900. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin. Reconnaissance of the Colorado Desert Mining District.- — Stephen 
 
 Bowers. 1901 
 
 Bulletin 23. The Copper Resources of California. — P. C. DuBois, F. M. Ander- 
 son, .1. H. Tibbits. and G. A. Tweedv. 1902 $0.50 
 
 •Bulletin 24. The Saline Deposits of California. — G. E. Bailey. 1902 
 
 •Bulletin 25. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1901. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 26. Mineral Production of California for Fifteen Years. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1901. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 27. The Quicksilver Resources of California. — Wm. Forstner. 1903 
 
 •Bulletin 28. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1902. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 29. Mineral Production of California for Sixteen Years. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1902. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 ■'Bulletin 30. A Bibliography of Geology, Palaeontology, and Mineral Resources 
 
 of California. — A. W. Vogdes. 1903 
 
 •Bulletin 31. Chemical Analyses of California Petroleum. — H. N. Cooper. 1903. 
 
 (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 32. Production and Use of Petroleum in California. — P. W. Prutzman. 
 
 1904 .25 
 
 •Bulletin 33. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1903. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 34. Mineral Production of California for Seventeen Years. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1903. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 35. Mines and Minerals of California for 1903. — Chas. G. Yale. 1904. 
 
 (Statistical) 
 
 •Bulletin 36. Gold Dredging in California. — J. E. Doolittle. 1905 
 
 Bulletin 37. Gems. .Jewelers' Materials, and Ornamental Stones of California. 
 — George F. Kunz. 1905: 
 
 First edition (without colored plates) .25 
 
 •Second edition (with colored plates) 
 
 •Bulletin 38. The Structural and Industrial Materials of California. — Wm. 
 
 Forstner. T. C. Hopkins, C. Naramore, U H. Eddy. 1906__ 
 
 •Bulletin 39. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1904. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 40. Mineral Production of California for Eighteen Years. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1904. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 41. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1904 — Chas. G. Yale 
 
 (Statistical) 
 
 •Bulletin 42. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1905. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 43. Mineral Production of California for Nineteen Years. — Chas. G. 
 
 Y?le. 1905. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 44. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1905. — Chas. G. Yale. 
 
 (Statistical) 
 
 •Bulletin 45. Auriferous Black Sands of California. — J. A. Edman. 1907 
 
 Bulletin 46. General Index to Publications of the State Mining Bureau. — Com- 
 piled by Chas. G. Yale. 1907 .30 
 
 •Bulletin 47. Mineral Production of California, bv Counties, 1906. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 48. Mineral Production of California for Twenty Years. — Chas. G. 
 
 Yale. 1906. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 49. Mines and Minerals of California, for 1906. — Chas. G. Yale. 
 
 (Statistical) 
 
 Bulletin 50. The Copper Resources of California. — A. Hausmann, J. Krutt- 
 
 schnitt, Jr., W. E. Thorne, J. A. Edman. 1908 1.00 
 
 •Bulletin 51. Mineral Production of California, by Counties. 1907. — D. H. 
 
 "Walker. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 52. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-one Years. — D. H. 
 
 Walker. 1007. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 53. Mineral Production of California for 1907, with County Maps — 
 
 D. H. Walker. 1908. (Statistical) 
 
 ♦Bulletin 54. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1908. — D. H. 
 
 Walker. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 , "Bulletin 55. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-two Years. — D. H. 
 
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 247 
 
 PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU— Continued. 
 Asterisk (♦) indicates the publication is out of print. Price. 
 
 ♦Bulletin 56. Mineral Production for 1908, County Maps, and Mining Laws 
 
 of California. — D. H. Walker. 1909. (Statistical) 
 
 •Bulletin 57. Gold Dredging in California. — W. B. "Winston, Charles Janin. 
 
 1910 
 
 •Bulletin 58. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, 1909. — D. H. 
 
 Walker. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 59. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-three Years. — D. H. 
 
 Walker. 1909. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 •Bulletin 60. Mineral Production for 1909, County Maps, and Mining Laws 
 
 of California. — D.H.Walker. 1910. (Statistical) 
 
 •Bulletin 61. Mineral Production of California, by Counties, for 1910. — D. H. 
 
 Walker, Statistician. (Tabulated slieet) 
 
 •Bulletin 62. Mineral Production of California for Twenty-four Years. — D. H. 
 
 Walker, Statistician, lliin. (Tabulated sheet) 
 
 Bulletin 63. Petroleum in Southern California. — P. W. Prutzman. 1912 $0.75 
 
 •Bulletin 64. Mineral Production for 1911. — E. S. Boalich. Statistician, 1912-_ 
 
 ♦Bulletin CS. Mineral Production for 1912. — E. S. Boalicli. 191,"? 
 
 •Bulletin 66. Mining Laws, United States and California, 1914 
 
 Bulletin 67. Minerals of California.— A. S. Eakle, 1914 
 
 •Bulletin 6S. Mineral Production for 1913. — E. S. Boalich, 1914 
 
 Bulletin 69. Petroleum Industry of California, with Folio of Maps (18x22 in.) 
 
 — R. P. McLaughlin and C. A. Waring, 1914 2.00 
 
 •Bulletin 70. Mineral Production for 1914, with Mining Law Appendix. 1915 
 
 r *Bulletin 71. California Mineral Production for 1915, with Mining Law Appen- 
 
 ; dix and Maps. — Walter W. Bradley. 1916 
 
 I *BuIletin 72. Geologic Formations of California. — James Perrin Smith. 1917 
 
 (For Map, see below) .25 
 
 ^Bulletin 73. Report of Operations of Department of Petroleum and Gas for 
 
 1915-1916.— R. P. McLaughlin. 1917 
 
 Bulletin 74. California Mineral Production for 1916, with County Maps. — 
 
 Walter "W. Bradley. 1917 
 
 Bulletin 75. Mining Laws, United States and California, 1917 
 
 Bulletin 76. Manganese and Chromium in California. — Walter W. Bradley, 
 Emile Huguenin, C. A. Logan, W. Burling Tucker, C. A. 
 
 Waring, 191S t 
 
 Bulletin 77. Catalogue of the Publications of the California State Mining 
 
 Bureau, 1880-1917.— E. S. Bo.alich. 1918 
 
 Bulletin 7S. Quicksilver Resources of California. — Walter W. Bradlej', 1918 % 
 
 1 ;ulletin 79. Magnesite in California. (In preparation) 
 
 Kiilletin SO. Tungsten, Molybdenum and Vanadium in California 
 
 Bulletin S2. Second Annual Report of the State Oil and Gas Supervisor, 
 
 1916-1917. — R. P. McLaughlin. 1918 
 
 Bulletin S3. California Mineral Production for 1917, with County Maps. — 
 
 Walter W. Bradley. 191S 
 
 Preliminary Reports. 
 
 *rreliminarv Report No. 1. Notes on Damage by Water in California Oil 
 
 Fields, Dec, 1913. By R. P. McLaughlin 
 
 •Preliminarj' Report No. 2. Notes on Damage by Water in California Oil 
 
 Fields, Mar., 1914. By R. P. McLaughlin 
 
 •Preliminary Report No. 3. Manganese and Chromium, 1917. By E. S. Boalich 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 3. Manganese and Chromium. By E. S. Boalich. 
 
 (Second edition) 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 4. Tungsten. Molybdenum and Vanadium, 1918. By 
 
 E. S. Boalich and W. O. Castello '— 
 
 Preliminary Report No. 5. Antimonv, Graphite, Nickel, Potash, Strontium, 
 
 Tin, 1918. By E. S. Boalich and W. O. Castello ■ 
 
 ■ Registers of Mines with Maps. 
 
 f Amador County $.25 
 
 t Butte County .25 
 
 •Calaveras County 
 
 •El Dorado County 
 
 •Inyo County 
 
 •Kern County 
 
 Lake County .25 
 
 Mariposa County .25 
 
 •Nevada County 
 
 •Placer County 
 
 •Plumas County 
 
 •San Bernardino County 
 
 •San Diego County 
 
 Santa Barbara County .25 
 
 •Shasta County 
 
 •Sierra County 
 
 •Siskiyou County 
 
 Trinity County 
 
 •Tuolumne County 
 
 Yuba County .25 
 
 Register of Oil Wells (with map), Los Angeles City .35 
 
 + Write for lu'ice list. 
 
248 
 
 CALIFORNIA MINING BUREAU. 
 
 OTHER MAPS. 
 
 ♦California, Showing Mineral Deposits (50xGO in.)— Price 
 
 Mounted $1.50 
 
 Forest Reserves in California — 
 
 Mounted .50 
 
 Unmounted ,30 
 
 ♦Mineral and Relief Map of California 
 
 El Dorado County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 ivladera County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Placer County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Shasta County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Sierra County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Siskiyou County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 Trinity County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .45 
 
 Tuolumne County, Showing Boundaries of National Forests .20 
 
 *Mother Lode Region 
 
 Desert Region of Southern California .10 
 
 Minaret Region, Madera County .20 
 
 Copper Deposits in California .05 
 
 Calaveras County .25 
 
 Plumas County .25 
 
 Tuolumne County .25 
 
 Geological Map of California (mounted) — 50x60 inches 2.50 
 
 DETERMINATION OF MINERAL SAMPLES. 
 
 Samples (limited to three at one time) of any mineral found in the state may be 
 sent to the Bureau for identification, and the same will be classified free of charge. 
 No samples will be determined if received from points outside the state. It must be 
 understood that no assays or <iuantitative determinations will be made. Samples 
 should be in lump form if possible, and marked plainly with name of sender on out- 
 side of package, etc. No samples will be received unless delivery charges are prepaid. 
 A letter sliould accompany samplo, giving locality wliere mineral was found and the 
 nature of tlie information desired. 
 
w 
 
 7 
 f 
 
 CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU 
 
 FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO 
 
 lETCHER HAMILTON, .... State Mineralogist 
 
 ^ 
 
 San Francisco BULLETIN No. 77 December, 1917 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Publications of the California 
 State Mining Bureau 
 
 1880 . 1917 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 mVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 CAUFOROTA STATE PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 SACRAMENTO 
 
 1918