fcj;^ lii Mmrnmi EHB7SM?dFWI?f ^*,r.'',':;:<-ii,-. .' itjii!:::'; ft:^l',.:,^*.v;l'.'U'S siiiiii wm .v;feitt ^^i^^ B.* -iW* lii i-iTT'., . :.>v-. ^WrShS'iiPi / SEOA^'E'S NEUMAN AND BARETTl— BY VELAZQUEZ. PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY OF THE SPANISH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: COMPOSED FROM THE SPANISH DICTIONARIES OF THE SPANISH ACADEMY, TERREROS, AND SALVA UPON THE BASIS OF SEOAXE'S EDITION OF NEUMAN AND BaRETTI. AND FROM THE ENGLISH DICTIONARIES OF WEBSTi:R, WORCESTER, AND AVALKER: WITH THE ADDITION OF MOKE THAN EIGHT THOUSAND WORDS, IDIOMS, AND FAMILIAR flFRASES, THE IRREGULARITIES OF ALL THE VERBS, AND A GRAMMATICAL SYNOPSIS OF BOTH LANGUAGES. in ®rDO JpartB. I. SPANISH-ENGLISH— II. ENGLISH-SPANISH BY MARIANO VELAZQUEZ DE LA CADENA, PRoruseoR ok the Spanish language and litekatikk in r(ji,uMBi.\ (.'oi.i-kck, new-voek, and OOKREaPONDlNO METMBER OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE, WASllLNBTON. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 549 & 551 BROADWAY. 1872. rG Hb4o C0p^ '2. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, f)j D. APrLETON & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. 5 M H M-O B&nctoH Library PREFACE. The public being ever the acknowledged judge of 'iterary productions, it is but jusl tlia! it should be furnished with the requisite information concerning the special utility claimed for a work in a department of letters already occupied ; but this obligation brings with it the disagreeable task of detailing the improvements claimed to have been made, and of exposing to view the deficiencies and errors that have been supplied or corrected, — a task rendered still more painful to a sensitive mind, inasmuch as it involves the necessity of seeming to exalt one's self at the expense of one's predecessors in the same career, and of endeavoring at the same time to diminish their meiits and expose their faults. The Editor is anxious to disavow motives so mean and dishonorable, especially vvneii convinced, as he is by experience, of the difficulties attending every step in the labors of a lexicographer — labors in which the highest excellence can be considei-ed only as an approxi- mation to that standard of perfection which dwells in the mind of an author. So far from wishing to detract in the least from the works of his pi-edecessors, the Editor is willing frankly to confess, that without their labors he should never, perhaps, have undertaken the task of the present publication ; and he considers it but just to say to them, in the words of the Spanish fabulist Iriarte — " Gracias al que nos trajo las gallinas." — Fab. xii. There are undoubtedly faults in the Spanish and English Dictionaries that have preceded the present work, but it is also true that they embody many excellencies : theEditor has endeavored to avail himself of the latter, while at the same time he has carefully corrected the former. A Bilingual Dictionary is undoubtedly the surest means of obtaining a knowledge of a foreign tongue; but, to secure this end, it should contain a copious vocabulary, not only of words generally admitted, but also of those not found in common dictionaries which are in use among the polite and well educated. Language, like dress, is subject to continual change ; and many phrases which were deemed elegant two centuries ago are almost unin- telligible at the present day, in consequence of being displaced by others which were then unknown. In speaking we naturally desire to be understood ; we ought therefore to leara and make use of those signs which put us in possession of one of the greatest gifts of our beneficent Creator, namely, the ability of communicating our ideas for our nmtuu! bouefit and improvement. Without this requisite all our labor is vain. A Dictionary of two languages cannot be perfect unless it contain an exact and rigoi-oa^ tjanslation of the words, unencumbered by useless definitions. The most common idioms and IV PREFACE. phrases that are cui-reut in good society should also be incorpoi-ated, and even some of thos« which may be pi-operly classed as vulgar, when they serve to elucidate the peculiar custom: and usages of a country. To these should be added the corresponding signification of wordi in the mercantile vocabulary, as well as of the terms in most frequent use in the arts anc sciences. Tliese latter classes of woi'ds are extremely various, particularly in those new republics ol America which were formerly Spanish possessions. ISIany words are there in use which ari not kno\^^ in the Peninsula. For example : the Turkey, which in Spain is known a el pavo or pavito, in Mexico is called el guajolote, in Cuba el guanajo — a word which is als( there used figui-atively, in allusion to the qualities of this fowl, to denote a stupid or half-wittet person — and in some paits of South America it is termed el chumpipe or chinquique. Thi Sweet Potato is called in Spain la jmtata dulce ; in Mexico, el camote ; in Cuba, el boniatc buniato, or moniato. A Twin, in Europe, ispcmelo or mcllizo ; but in Cuba it is jimaQua in some parts of South America, morrocho ; and in Mexico, familiarly, cuate. In allusion ti this lattei- term it is often said, Eso no tiene cuate^ instead of Eso no iiene igual. In this manner we might arrange alphabetically a large catalogue of words and idiom which ought to be known to the ti'aveller, or to any one in communication with the coun tries we hav.e named : since, for ordinary intercourse, familiar words and phi-ases are o greater utility than more classical expressions. The Castilian language in America has undergone various alterations in the acceptation of words, as well as by the addition of many terms which the Academicians have nc thought proper to insert, but which were well worthy of a place in their Dictionary. Thi deficiency has been in some measure supplied by the indefatigable Salva. It is to b regretted, however, that the patriotic literary designs of this erudite Spaniard had not bee; sometimes seconded by persons of greater intelligence, since they have often given hir erroneous definitions and descriptions. In preparing the present work,' besides the Dictionaries of Baretti, Xeuman, Cok NELLY, and particularly that of Dr. Don Mateo Seoane, the Editor has consulted the las edition of the Diccionario de la Academia Es2Mnola, as well as the Dictionaries of Salv and Terreros ; the treatise on Etimologioft CasteUanas by Cabrera, and on las Voce Cuhanas by Pichardo. In the English part he has taken for his guides the well-know Dictionaries of Webster and Worcester, and in some cases the treatise on Americanism by Bartlett. '■'■La Guia Mercantil de Madrid'''' has supplied him with the names o many articles of commerce, to which he has added a long catalogue, obtained by careft examination of the "Price-currents" of Cadiz, Vera Cruz, Havana, and New Orleani besides an excellent collection generously furnished him by his esteemed friend, Alexande I. Cotheal, Esq., a merchant of this city well known for his extensive erudition, particularl in lancuatres. He ou^ht also to make mention of Mr. John L. Jewett, who, beside COO ' ' correcting many of the articles, and furnishing various additions, has carefully revised th whole work. The last revised and enlarged edition of the 1 >ictionary of Don Mateo Seoane has bee made the basis of the present work. For the orthography and prosody of Seoane, ho\\ ever, which are now almost entirely disused, the Editor lias substituted the new and in proved orthography and prosody of the last edition of the Dictionary of the Academy. H has also added to Seoane's work more than kioiit tiioisand articles, including words idioms, and prov(?rbs. Many of the definitions cf Seoane he could not do less tha retrench, especially in cx^ics like the following: Beber. To drink, to swallow any liguic PREFACE. He certainly could not imagine that any person speaking the English language, and wish- ing to consult a Spanish and English Dictionary, could need a definition in his own lan- guage of the simple verb to drink. He has also corrected many of Seoane's definitions, as in the following examples : Frock-coat, Especie de casaca muy ajustada al cuerpo^ instead oi Levita. Cross-legged, El que tiene las piemas cruzadas, instead of Patizambo. Keg, Bari-ica, especie de ionel, instead of cunete or barrilito. Purloiner, Ladron que hurta d escondidas, instead of ratero. Sounding-board, Soyabrero de puljnto, instead of tornavoz. Span, Palmo, la distancia que hay desde el dedo "^sd/ice," instead of '■'■el pulgarP There are also a great number of verbs, adjectives, and substantives in Seoane's work, which, in- stead of being accurately rendered by equivalents, are obscurely and often en-oneously defined by ])eriphrasis. The following examples must suffice : To Imprecate, Maldecir, instead oi Imprecar. Henpecked, El que estd gobernado for su mujer, instead of Gurru- mino. Inserviceable, Lo que no sirve para nada, instead of Inservible, &c., &c. The Editor does not flatter himself that his own work is perfect; but, at the same time, he feels at liberty to assert, that in many important resjiects it is greatly superior to its pre- decessors. It contains, in both languages, the exact equivalents and correspondents of the words in general use, both in their literal and metaphorical acceptations. The technical terms most frequently used in the arts, and in chemistry, botany, medicine, and natural history, as well as nautical and mercantile terms and phrases, — the greater part of which, as may be seen by comparison, are not contained in other Dictionaries, — have been carefully selected and arranged in the present work. It also contains many Spanish words used only in those countries of America which were formerly dependencies of Spain. The irregulari- ties of the verbs, in Spanish and English, are here, for the first time, given in full, in their alphabetical order; and, in addition to this, the work also contains a grammatical synopsis of both languages, arranged for ready and convenient reference. The pronunciation of the Castilian language is so clearly set foi-th in this Dictionary, as to render it well-nigh impossible for any person who can read English readily, to fail ol obtaining the true sounds of the Spanish words at sight. Particular attention is invited to the Phonetic Aljihabet used in the English-Spanish Part, for conveying the true pronunciation of English words. The Editor respectfully asks of all who, with himself, acknowledge the Castilian as tlieir mother-tongue, that before con- demning in advance this new and perfect method of expressing the sounds of the letters in the English alphabet, they will carefully read the " Introduccion " to the Second Part ot this work. He is well assured that by so doing they will, with moderate effort, find them- selves able, in a very short time, to conquer all the manifold difficulties of English pronun- ciation ; and by obtaining the assistance of an American or an Englishman, to read to them carefully once or twice the examples attached to the "Key" in the "Introduccion," they cannot fail to obtain readily a knowledge of the true sounds of the Phonetic Alphabet. The constantly increasing intercourse betw^een those countries wdiere the English and Spanish languages are respectively spoken ; the friendly relations that exist, and which it is so desirable may continue to exist, between the governments and people of those countries ; the proximity in this Western hemisphere of two gi-eat people speaking these noble languages ; the incessant migration and immigration which are daily bringing them face to face in all the relations of political, commercial, and social life, and the cheering promise which science holds out, in the wonderful achievements of steam and magnetism, of still greater and more frequent intercourse among civilized nations, — these are facts which may suggest a field of extended usefulness even to the humble comjnler of a Dictionary. It has v\ PREFACE. accordingly been tlie aim and constant desire of the Editor to lay a foundation for niu asteem and i-espect, and strengthen the bonds of an enduring intercourse between people of his own and his adopted country, by furnishing to each the means of becon better acquainted with that great exponent of a nation's interior life which is foimd ii permanent literature. The hope, on the one hand, that his labors might lead descendants of the Anglo-Saxon race to a more intimate knowledge and appreciatioi the immoital works of Cervantes and his worthy compeers, as they exist in pure Castili and, on the other, that they might also be instrumental in giving to the Spanish min renewed and quickened desire to become more intimately acquainted with the rich varied stores of English and American literature and science — this hope has been suflic to convert what would otherwise have been intolerable drudgery into a useful ennobhng occupation. As the Editor has been guided in his labors, for the most part, by his own limited att ments, he has reason to feai', in a work composed of so great a variety of articles upor extensive a diversity of matters, that he has not always succeeded in avoiding errors. Sh( such be found, he has no desire that they should be concealed, but will feel thankful ra to all who may assist him to correct them, for the benefit of the public, whose true i rests, and no other motive, have compelled him to undertake his laborious and unap dated task. Quid est suavhi^ quam ftene rem gsrere hync ■pMicof — Platt, M. V^. C. Nsfw-YoBK, March, 1852. A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPANISH OR CASTILIAN LANGUAGE. * ' •■ Thk Parts of Speech are: the Article, the I^^oun JsubBtantivo and adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, the Participle, the \idoerh, the Prefosition, the Con- junction, and the Int-erjection. The Definite Article. Mascaline, sin^. The, El : pL The, Los. Feminine, " " Lii : " " Las. When the article el comes after de (of or from), or a (to), the em suppressed and they are thus written; of the, del, to the, al. instead of de el, a el. No apos- trophe ' is used in Snanisli. 1. A(/uii, water; affuila, eagle, &c., though femi- nine, take the masculine article j but only in the sin- gular, and when thev are immediately preceded hy it. —OUendorf, pp. 2S5, 460. 2. Common no\ms taken in a general sense in Eng- lish, require the definite article in Spanish : as, Man is mortal, El hornhre es mortal. Charity is the first of virtues, La carid'td. e-" hi primera de kts Kirtudes. But when the sense is indeterminate, they do not admit it: as. Give him bread, Dale pan. 3. Before nouns of measure, weiglit, or number, the Englisii indefinite article is rendered into Spanish by the definite, and tVequentlj' omitted ; as. He paid six dollars a barrel. El pagb a cinco pesos el lavril, or cinco peftos harril. 4. The English definite and indefinite articles before ordinal numbers preceded by proper names, nouns in apposition, national nouns, as well as those signifying dignity, profession, trade, &c., of persons, and in ex- clamations, arc omitted in Sp;mish : as, Ciiarles the Fifth, Carlos quinto ; Madrid the capital of Spain, Madrid capital de Eq'iana ; He is an American, E'l es Americano ; She is mhre(Mieamars.\ homhre • Isubella con- quered Granada, Isabel eonqimtb a G-ramida • Tlie mi- ser loves no other God but his money, El avaro no •una otro Dkis que a su dinero. Augmentative and Dimindtive Nouns. 15. A :gmentaUi;e nouns are those that increase the extCE* ot'tlieir signification by adding: on, ote, or azo to the masculirie nouns, and ona, ota, or asa to the femi- nine, suppressing their final letter, should it be a, e, oro / as, (a boy), " un tnuchacho, " " un vwcJuichon. " (a i 'ti(f boy); " una w«oA;e nouns are formed by adding ito, i^fo, ico, or uelo for the masculine, and ita, illn, ica, or vela for the feminine, suppressing the final letter if it be a, 0, or e ; as, " un muchucho " (a boy), un muchachito, muchachillo, or 7nuchichuelo (a, little hoy) \ "una mu- chacha'''' (a girl), una muckachita, mnohachilla, or mu- chuchuelii (a little girl). 18. The terminations ito, ita, &c., added to Christian names, or tliose that express relationship, indicate love, atfection, and regard towards the object ; thus, '■'■hernuinita^'' (dear sister); '■^ Juanito'''' (esteemed John), &c. THE NOUN ADJECTIVE. 19. In Spanish the Adjective must agree with its noun, in Gender and Number • as, " un hombre rico'''' (a rick man), "una niujer rica" (a rich woman); " hombres ricos " (rich men), " mujeres rictts" (I'ich women). Gender of Adjectwes. 20. Adjectives cndingin o are masculine, and change it into a to form tlie feminine; as, rico, rica (rich). Adjectives ending in on or an add a for the feminine ; as, griton, gritona (clamorous) ; haragan, hiragana (idle). Those ending in any other letter are common to both genders: as, "un hombre prudente''^ {a pru- dent man), " una mujer pruderde " (a prudent woman). Excejition. — Adjectives ending in a consonant, and derived from the names of countries, add a to form their feminine ; as, Espanol, Espanola (Spanish) ; In- gles, laglesa (English); Andaltiz, Andaluza (Andalu- sian). NUMBEK. 21. Adjectives form their plural according to the rules set forth for nouns; as, bianco, blancos (white) ; turqvi, tvrqvies (deep blue); natural, naturales {naXn- ral); feli-z, felicen (happy). Degrees of StGNiricATioN. Adjectives have three degrees of signification, the positive, the cofnparative, and the superlative. Comparatives. Comparatives may be considered under the three divisions of the comparative of equality, tlie coin- parative of superiority, and the comparative of in- feriority. The comparative of equality with adjectives is formeil with tan .... cnvw (as, so .... as) : as, " El es tan rico como ella" (He is as rich as she) ; " Ella no es tan hernios'a corns su hennana" (Shd is not so handsome as her sister). The comparative of equality with nouns is formed with tunio, tarda .... como (as much, so much .... QS) ; tiintos, tantas .... como (as many, so many .... ns) : as, " Ella tiene ta?do dinero como 6\ " (She has as much money an he) ; " El tiene tantas casas co7no su hermano " (He has as muny hou^es as his brother). In the coaiparative of equality with verbs, cuanto is sometimes substituted for como : as, " Tauto leo cuanto escriho " (I read as much as I write). Th(! comparative of superiority with adjectives is formed with mas .... que {more, or the termination er . . . . than) ; as, " El es mas rieo que ella" (He is richer than she) ; " El honor es mas (irecioso que las riiiiU'Zas" (Hf>nor is more precious than riches). Before no\nis of number, 7>iore than is rendered by ma-i de ; as, " Illlos gastaron m/, mi, inis. TTis, sn, sus. Its, sn, sns. Th>/, tn, tns. Iter, su, .sns. Their, sn, sns. Your, with reference to Usted or Usteden, su, sus. These pronouns agree in number with the noun that follows them; as. He sold his horses {el vendii sus cabalh's) ; they fulfilled their promise (ellos cum- 2)lieron su prnmesa). PossKssivE Pronouns Absolute. dfin£, mio, mios. His, snyo, suyos. lio, snyo, suyos. mia. 7iiias. suya, snyas. suya, snyas. Thine, tnvo, tnvos. Hers, siiyo, suyos. TheirK, snyo. suyos tuya, tu'yas. suya, suyas. suya, suya» OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE. IX Oifr, nuastro, nuestros. Your, vnostro, vuestros. Your, de Usted. nuestra, nuestras. vuestra, vuestraa. de Ustedcs. Tour, with rotervnce to Usted, is also translated suyo, suyos, euya, suyas, or su, sus ... de V. or VV. Relative and Interrogative Pronouns. Who, lohich, que, quien, quienes. What, that, que. Which, ichat, cual, cuales ; also, el cnal, los cuales, la cual, las cuales. Whose, cuyo, cuyos, cuya, cuyas ; also, de quien, de cual, &c. Demonstrative Pronouns. TMt, este. These, estos. That, aquel. T!iose, aquellos. " esta. " estas. " aquella. " aquollas. T7uit,es<^. Those, esoii. This, esto. That, aquello. " eaa. " esas. That, eso. It, ello, lo. Indefinite Pronouns. One, nno. Each, cada. ^^'"'^■{nlSno. Somebody, alguien. A nyhodij, '\ Any, some, [ ^, iiome one, ( ° Somebody, J WhiJiever, cualquieva. Whomsoever, quienqniera. I ambos. Both, < entrarnbos. I am bos a dos. Such, tal. Something, algo. Notidng, nada. Eacli one, cada cual. Each other, uno y otro. One another, uno il otro. Either, uno u otro. Neither, ni uno ni otro. Every one, cada uno. Everi4 one, "1 fr^';^^^,h<''Htodos. All, every, J It is said, dieen or se dice. VERES. All Spanish verba are classed into three covjuga- bions. Verbs euding in ar belong to the Jirst ; those >n er, to the second ; and those in ir, to the third. A TABLE OF THE TERMINATIONS OF ALL THE EEGULAB VERBS. The numbers in the margin refer to the Conjugation, those It the head of the columns, to the Persons. Infinitive Mood. Imperfect. — ( Third Termination^ 1. ase. ases. ase: asemos. iiseis, a.sen. 2. lese, loses. leso: {(['semos, loseis, lesen. 3. iese, leses, lose: iSsemos, Future. loseis, lesen. 1. are. ares, are: iiremos, dreis. aren. 2. lero, lores, lore: loremos, loreis, icren. 3. lere, leres, lere: ieremos, iereia, ieren. Compound Tenses. These tenses are formed by placing after ttie vert liaher (to have), tlie participle past of the verb that u conjugated; as, (I have armed), "yo he armado.'' Conjugation of the Auxiliary Verbs. Infinitive Mood. Present. Haber. Tener. To have. Ser. Estar. To he Gerund. Ilabiendo. Tenlendo. Having. Siendo. Estando. Beinq Past Participl>e. Ilabido. Tenido. Had. Sldo. Estado. Been. Indicative Mood. Present. 1. He. 2. Has. 3. Ha. 1. Hemes. 2. Habeis. 3. Han. I have. Tengo. Tienes. Tiene. Tenemos. Teneis. Tienen. Soy. Eres. Es. Somos. Sois. Son. 1 am. Estoy. Estas. Esta. ]'2stani08. Estais. Estan. Imperfect. I had. I. Present ar. Gerund, undo. Pert". or Passive Part. ado. \ Preterite.. 3. i^ er. '■ iendo. " ([ " ido. ). u ir. " iendo. " u " ido. I had. Iwa^. 1. Hube. Tuve. Fui. Estiive. Indicative Mood. 2. Hubiste. Tuviste. Fuiste. Estuviste. Present. 3. Hubo. Tuvo. Fuo. Estu^o. Plural 1. Hubimos. Tuvinios. Fuimos. Estuvimos. Singniar. 2. Hubisteis. Tuvisteis. Fuisteis. Estuvisteis. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 3. Hubieron. Tuvioron. Fuoron. EstuviOroa 1. o. as, a : amos. ais. an. 2. o< es, e : emos, eis. en. Fut ure. 3. 0, es, e: . imos. is, en. / shall have. I shall he. 1. Habre. Tendr6. Sere. Estar6. Imperfect. 2. Habras. Tendras. Seras. Estariis. 1. aba, abas, aba: abainos, dbais, aban. 3. Ilabra. Tendni. Sera. Estariu 2. ia, ias, ia : iamos. lais. ian. 1. Habremos. Tendi-cinos. Seromos. Estaromaai 3. ia, ias, ia : iamos. iais. ian. 2. Ilabreis. Tendreis. Serois. Estarois. 6, Preterite or Perfect aste, 6 : amos, fisteis. Aron. 3. Habran. Tendran. Seran. Estarin. 1. 2. i, iste, io : imos. isteis. ioron. Impeeati VB Mood. S. i. iste, io: imos, isteis, ioron. Let ine have. Let me he. Future. 1. Let me have. Tensa yo. Sea. Est6. 2. Have thou. Ten tii. Se. Estd. 1. are. aras, ara: ar6mos, ari-is, aran. 2. Have not No tengas. No seas. No estes. 2. ere. eras, era: eremos, erois, eran. 3. Let bim have . Tonga el. Sea. Este. 8. ire, iras, Ira: iromos, ireis. iran. 2. Have. Tonga V. SeaV. Este V. 1. Lei us have. Tengamos. Seamos. Estemos. Impbeative Mood 2. Have ye. Tened. Sed. Estad. 1. a, e, emos. ad. en. 2. Have not. No tengais. No seals. No estei& % e, a, amos. ed, an. 3. Let them hav e. Tengan. Sean. Esten. Z. e, a, amos, SiTBjirNCTrvE Mood Prese7i± id. an. 2. Have you. Tengan VV. Sfbjdnct Pre Sean V V. VE Mood. •ient Esten VV Singular. Plural. I may 1. Haya. have. Tenga. I may he. Sea. E»t6. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 2. Havas. Tengas. Seas. Estes. 1. e, es, e : emos, eis, en. 3. Haya. Tenga. Sea. Esto. 2. a, as, a : amos. ais. an. 1. Hay am OS. Tengamos. Seamos. Estemos 8. a, as, a : amos. ais. an. 2. IT ay ais. Tengais. Seals. Esfois. Imperfect. — {First Termination.) 3. Hayan. Tengan. Se.an. Esten. 1. ara, aras, ara : Aramos, arais. aran. Imperfect— {Fir si Termination). 2. iera, ieras, iera: ieramos, ierais. ieran. I would have. I icoiUd he. 8. iera, ieras, iera: ieramos, iorais. ieran. 1. Hubiera. 2. Hubiera.s. Tuviera. Tuvicras. Fuera. Fuer.TS. Estuviera. Estn\*ierft8 Imperfect— {Second Termination.') 3. Hubiera. Tuviera. Fuera. Estuviera. 1. aria, arias, aria: ariamos. ariais, arian. 1. Ilnbioramos. Tuvi^ramos. Fueramos. Estuvierai.ioo 8. eria, erias, eria: eriamos, eriais, erian. 2. Hubiorais. Tuviorais. Fuerais. Estuviorais. 3. iria. irias, iria : iriamos. iriais. irian. 3. Uubieran. Tuvieran. Fueran. E.^tuvierau. 1. Habia. 2. Habias. 3. Habia. 1. Habiamos. 2. Habiais. 3. Habian. Tenia. Tenias. Tenia. Teniamos. Teniais. Tenian. I was. Era. Eras. Era. ;feramos. Tilrais. Eran. Estaba. Estabas. Estaba. Esabamoa. Estabais. Estaba n. A SYNOPSIS Imperfect — fS^cond Termination.) l-ioovld have. Ixcould he. 1. Habria. Tendria. Seria. Estaria. 2. Habrias. Tendrias. Serias. Estarias. 8. Habria. Tendria. Seria. Fstaria. 1. Habriamos. Tendriamos. Seriamos. Estariamos. 2. Habriais. Tt-ndriais. Seriais. Estariais. 8. Habrian. Tendrian. Serian. Estarian. Imperfect — ( Thi •d Termination.') I should have. I slwuld he. i Hnbicse. Tuviese. Fuese. Estuviese. 2 Riibieses. Tuvie.ses. Fueses. Estuvieses. 8. Hubiose. Tuviese. Fuese. Estuviese. 1. Hubii'semos Tuviisemos. Fuese ruos. Estuviesemos. 2. Hubit'seis. Tuvieseis. Fuese is. Estuvieseis. X llubieseii. Tuviesen. Fuesen. Estuviesen. (Fut jtre.) Wien I shall have. Vfhen I shall he. 1. Hubiore. Tuviere. Fuere. Estuviere. 2. Hubieres. Tuvicres. Fueres. Estuvieres. 8. Hubiere. Tuviere. Fuere. Estuviere. 1. Huliicreinos. Tuviereinos. Fueremos. Estuvieremos. 2. Hubii'ipis, TuviOreis. Fuereis. Estuviereis. 3. Hubieren. Tuvieren. Fueron. Estuvieren. Passive Verbs. Passine verbs are formed from active transitive verbs by addinfj tlieir jiarticijjle past to tlie au.xiliary verb ser (to be), throiio-h all its cliansfes, as in English ; thus, from the active verb amar (to love), is formed the passive verb ser amado (to be loved). The participle must Hgree in gender and number with the nominative it refers to; thus. He is loved {el es amudo) • she is loved {ella es amada) ; they are loved {elhs unn amados). Pronominal or Reflective Verbs. A pronominal or reflective verb is conjugated by pre- fixing the pronouns ?«^, te, .5«, V. se ; tio.^, as, se, VV. se to the verb according to its person and number ; as, he arms himself, el se arma. In the infinitive and imperative moods the pronouns are placed after the verb, and in one word with it ; the pronoun, therefore, must be suppressed, in order to find out the conjugation : thus, To approach, aoercarse, (se) aeercar, first conjugation. Remarks on the Use of the Subjunctive Mood. Three are the terminations of the imperfect tense subjunctive mood ; ra, ria-, se. — The termination ra, or se, is used when the verb is governed by a condi- tional conjunction, and the verb that completes the pense of the phrase is placed in the termination riu- ; If he hud money, hQwoiild /unythe liouse, ^S'i (-7tuviera di.nero. compraria la casa : — if the verb begins without a conditional conjunction, the termination ra or ria may be used, placing the verb that completes the sense in the termination .9e; as, It would be proper that yon should write to him, Fuera or seria hueno que V. U excrihiese. Verbs signifying command, wish, supplication, &c., beinir in the present indicntive, require the governed verb in the present subjunctive ; and if they be in any of the past tenses of the indicative, the governed verb must be in the termination ra or se, of the subjunc- tive.— See OlUndorff, p. 352, 56, 64, 68, 481. The Gerund. The gerund is that part of the verb that terminates in undo in verba of the first conjugation, and in iendo in those of tlie second and third ; as, pjvhlicundo (publishinir), from puUicar ; prometiendo (promis- ing), from promoter ; nsistiendo (assisting), fi-om tuistir. It admits no change for gender or number. It is translated by the English present particiiilc, ond conjugiited with the verb f.ster (to be) ; as, Ana- atasia is rcadinL', and Maria Ann is plaving on the piano (Aniisti/sia e^td lei/endo, y Maria Ana esta tocando el piano). PARTICIPLE. Tlie passive or past particij)le terminates in ado in he first conjugation, and in ido in the second and third. It changes its terminntion aceordintr to the number and gender of the person it refers to ; except when it follows innnediately after the verb haher, in irhicb case it does not admit of any change. All passive participles that do not terminate in ad<. or ido are called irregular; such are the following, from the verbs— To open, ahrir, ahierto. To cover, cuhrir, cuhierto. To say, decir, dicho. To write, escrihir, escrito. To fry. freir.,frito. To do, hacer, hecho. I To print, imprimir, impreao I To die, morir, m,uerto I To solve, solver, euelto. I To see, ver, visto. I To put, poner, puesto. I To turn, volver, vuelto. Their compounds have the same irregularity. VERBS THAT HAVE TWO PARTICIPLES. There are some verbs that have two passive partici- ples, the one regular and the other irreirular. Sue? are: — To h\eii!i,bendecir, bendeeido, l/endito; to com pel, cornpeler, compelido, compuho ; to convert, conver- tir, convertido, eonverso ; to awake, despertar, desper- tado, despierto ; to elect, elegir, elegido, electo ; to ex press, e.rpresar, expresado, expreso ; to &K,JiJar. fi;ado, fljo • to satiate, hartar, hartado, hiirto; to include, :i- cluir, incluido, incluso ,• to join, J untar, jnntado, J anto ,' to arrest, premier, prendido, preso ; to provitle, pro- veer, prrveido, provisto ; to break, romper, rompido, rata ; '.o loosen, soltar, soltado, suelto • to suspend, sii'pender, suspendido, suspenso, &c. The regular participles of these verbs are used to form the compound tenses with haber ; as, He has awaked enrly {el ha dispertado temprano). The irreguhir partici])les are used as verbal adjec- tives, and with the verbs ser, &c., and do not tbrin compound tenses with haher ; excepting preso, pres- critn, provisto, roto, and a few others ; as. He is early awaked (el estd despierto temprano) ; They have pro- vided {ellos han provisto or proveido.) ADVERBS. Adverbs are formed from adjectivesof one termina- tion by the addition of 7nente ; as, duke, An\Qe?nente : and from those of two terminations, by adding menti to ilie feminine ; as, gracioso, gracios«??ic/(<«. They admit the sufierlative ; as, graciosviimame-ite. When two or more adverbs ending in ly occur in the same sentence, the termination me.nze is added to the last only ; as. He speaks elegantly and correctly {cl habla ciirrecta y elegantemente). (For a collection of adverbs, see Ollendorff, p. 456.) PREPOSITIONS. The most frequent are — At, to, for, A. Towards, hdcia. Before, dntes, ante. Until, hasta. With, con. For, to, vara. Ajjainst, contra. By, for, through, por. Of, from. de. Accordiiis, se(/un. From, desde. Witliout, sin. In, on, at, en. On, upon. sobre. Between, among, entre. Behind, tra-s, detras. CONJUN CTIONS. The principal conjunctio ns are That, que. Since. pues,puesque, Also, tamhien. By, for, por. Moreover, ademtis. Tiierefore, por tanto. And. y or i, e. Whereas, por cuanto. Neither, nor ni. That, ixiro one. Or, eitlier, ) Whetlier, ( 6, 11, ya. That. Cparn que. In order tliat, | d fin de. Wliether, sea que. k; si. Neither, tampoco. But, si no. But, mas, pero. Provided, con fal que. Even, aun cuando. aun, o7iando. Unless, a merios de. d Dii'nos que. AUlioucIi, 1 Tlion-h, f annque. Since, J ^""S pvesto 1 que. Because, porque, que. As, cotno,a»lcomc Why? yporqui! So, ast. E is used instead of y, when the following wore" begins by i or hi. — ^is employed instead of 6, whe' the word immediately following begins by 6, or ho. INTERJi:CTIONS. Alas! lAy! Take care! Ah! ! Ah ! Hurrah! Wo to mo ! ! Au deml! Here! 1,0 ! ; Ife ! Fie! Well ! ! Ra : God grant 1 Holla! I Ola I / Tat« I I Viva I \Cel iPuft /OJcUA/ OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE, 21 1. 2. a 4 5. 6. 7. THE mrvEGULAii verbs. VERBS THAT REQUIItE A CHAXOE IN THELB RADICAL LETTERS. Verbs ending in car change the c into qu when the first letter of the termination Is CER ■ a Z CIK 11 tl z GER It Q t( J OIK 41 Q t( J QUIR t( QU (( GUIR drop V GAR add u ZAB cliange z (t c O OTA. .( GENERAL IRREGULARITIES OF SPANISH VERBS. 1st Class. Verbs endinsj in EER' changa the I of the term, into Y when it is immediately followed by « or o, 1 ^" UIK " " I " " " Y " " "" " «oro, UlR add a Y before tlie terminations beginning with o, e, or a, 2d "1 8d add a Z before the radical C in the terminations begiuni-.,.g with o or a, 8 ity, « i Verbs conjuga ■■) ted lilie ( ACER ^ ) ECEU f ■) OCVM I \ UCIR ' ACRECENTAR ) add an i bef.^re the '^R y last radiciiL e in TIR ) the ( ACRECEN { ATENDKl ( ASENTIR 1st per sing. ps ) 2d ]3d ^8d pliir. of the pres. of the indie, " " " subj., and of the imperative, 6tb eth rth Bth ACORDAR MOVER DORMIR " PEDIR take the syllable ve instead of the rad- ical o in the take an I instead of the radical E in the of the pres. of the indie, " " " subj., and of the imperative, of the pres. of the indie, " " " subj., and of the imperative, ' PEDIR CONDDCIR itake a ning Examples: — 1 2 3 Pofieer, Instruir, S 8 S Asentir changes the last radical e into i in the terminations beginning with ie, io. 1st per. sing. 2d " " ;3d " " 3d " plur. 1st per. sin?. 2d " "" 3d " " 3d " plur. take an I instead of the radical E in the terminations begin- with 0, e, a, ie, io. have tiie irretrnl:irities of the verbs of the 3d class in the present indio;itivc, present subjunctive, and in the impera- tive. They take, besides, the terminations uje, uji^te, '.'jo, &c. in the preterite of the indicative : in the 1st and 3d f terminations of the impei'fect of the subjunctive, and in i the future of the same mood. J Poseyendo ; poseyo, poseyera, &c. ; poseyese, &c. ; poseyere, &c. Instruyendo; instruyo, instruycron, instrnyera. &e. ; instruyese, &e; instniyere, &0. " Instruyo, instruyes, &e. ; instruya, instruye, &c. ; instruya, instruyas, &c. Conocer, Conozco, conozca. Obedecer, obedezeo, obedezca. Lucir, luzco, luzca. i ^cv«"e»5'?/^;/. Pres. 1 Quepa, 2 quepas, 3 quepa, V. quepa : I quepamos, 2 quep;us, 3 qnepan, VV. quepan. — Im- per/. Ist term. 1 Cupiera, 2 cnpieras, 3 cupiera, V. cu- piera: 1 cupierarnos, 2 ciipii r;iis, Scupieran, VV. cu- pieran. — 2d term. 1 Cabria, 2 cabrias, 3 cabria., V. ca- bria : 1 cabriamos, 2 cabriais, 3 cabrian, V V. cabrian. — 3rf term. 1 Cupiese, 2 cupieses, 3 eupiese, V. cupiese : Icupiesemop, 2 cupieseis, Scupiesen, VV. cupieseu. — Fut. 1 Cupiere, 2 cupieres, 3 cupiere, V^. cupiere: 1 cu- Dieremos. 2 cupiereis, 3 cupieren, VV. cupieren. CAER, to /all. Gerund. Cayendo. Past participle. Caido. Indie. Pres. 1 Caigo, 2 caes, 3 cae, V. cae : 1 caeTnos, 2caeis, Scaen, VV. caen. — P?-et. 1 Cai, 2caiste, 3 cay 6, V. cayo : 1 caimos, 2 caisteis, 3 cayeron, VV. cayeron. Irnper. 1 Caiga yo, 2 <;•««, 3 caiga ^1, caiga "V., 2 no caigas : 1 caigamos, 2 caed., Scaigan, caigan'VV., 2 no oaigais. — Suiyj. Pres. 1 Caiga, 2 caitriis, 3 caiga, V. caiga : 1 caigamos, 2 caigais, 3 caigan, VV. caigan. — Iviper/. \st term. 1 Cayera, 2 cayeras, 3 cayera, V. cayera : 1 cayeramos, 2 cayerais, 3 cayeran, VV. cayeran. — Id term. 1 Caeria, &c., 1 caeriamos, &c — Zd term. 1 Cay- ese, 2 cayeses, 3 cayese, V. cayese : 1 cayesemos, 2 cay- eseis, 8 cayesen, Vv. cayesen. — Fut. 1 "Cayere, 2 caye- rea, 3 cayere, V. cayere : 1 cayeremos, 2 cayereis, 3 cay- eren, VV. cayeren. COCEE, to boil. Indie. Pres. 1 Cuezo, 2 cueces, 3 cuece, V. cuece : Icocemos, 2 coeeis, 8 cuecen, VV. cueceu. — SuhJ. Pres. 1 Cueza, 2 cuezas, 8 cueza, V. cueza : 1 cozamos, 2 co- zais, 3 cuezan, VV. cuezan. — Irnper. 1 Cuezayo, 2 cuece, 3 cueza el, cueza V., 2 no cuezas : 1 cozamos, 2 cored, S cuezan, cuezan VV., 2 no cozais. — SvliJ. Pres. 1 Cue- za, 2 cuezas, &c. DAE, to give. Indie. Pres. 1 Doy, 2 das, 3 da, V. da : 1 dames, 2 dais, 8 dijn,YV. dan. — Imper/. \ Dala, &c. 1 Dahamm, &(i.—Per/. 1 Di, 2 diste, 3 dio, V. dio : 1 dimos, 2 dis- teis, 3 dierou, VV. dieron. lut. 1 Dare, &c. 1 Daremos. — Imper. 1 De yo, &c. 1 iJe-^m, &c.- Suhj. Pres. 1 De, &c. : 1 Demos, &q. — Imper/. l.tt t^rm. 1 Diera, 2 dieras, 3 diera, V. diera : 1 dieramos, 2 dierais, 8 dieran, VV. dieran.— 2d term.. 1 Daria, &c. : 1 darianws, &c.— 3f. 1 //(7<7W, J^c.—Pret. 1 nice, 2 hiciste, 3 hizo, V. hizc : 1 liici- mos, 2 hic'isteis, 3 liicieron, VV. JwMvon.—Fnt.X Hard, 2 hai-i'^, 3 hai-ii : 1 haremos, 2 harois, 3 hnviui.— Imper. 1 riaga, 2 haz, 3 liaga: 1 Irajraiiios, 2 JuiceJ., 3 liatran. —Suhj. Pres. 1 Hagu, 2 hagas, &c. — htipei'f. \»t term. I Hiciera, 2 hicieras, 3 hiciera: 1 hicierainos, 2 hicio- rais, 3 hioioran. — M term. 1 Ilaria, 2 liarias, 3 liaria : 1 bariamos, 2 liariais, 3 hariaii.— 3(/ term. 1 Iliciese, 2 hicieses, 3 hiciese : 1 hicieseiiios, 2 liioieseis, 3 hicie- sen. — Fut. 1 Hieiere, 2 liicieres, 3 hiciere : 1 hieidre- mo9, 2 luciereis, 3 hicieieii. IR, to go. Gerund. Yendo. Past participle. Ida. Iridic. Pres. 1 Voy or voi, 2 vas, 3 va: 1 vamos, 8 vim.— Imper/. 1 Iba, 2 ibas, 3 iba: 1 ibamos, 1 ibau ([iiieile tambiea escribirse cou v). — Pret 2 fuiste, 3 fiie : 1 fuimos, 2 fuisteis, 3 fueroa 1 Ire, 2 iras, 3 ira, : 1 ir(^nios, 2 ireis, 3 irin.— 1 Vaya, 2 ve, 3 vaya : 1 vaiiios, 2 id, 3 vayan. Pre.i. 1 Vaya, 2 vayas, 3 vaya : 1 vayamos, 2 3 vayan. — impe/f. Ut term. 1 Fuera, 2 fue.ras, 3 1 faerainos, 2 fuerais, 3 t'\mrim.—2dterm. 1 Iria, 3 iria: 1 iriauios, 2 iriais, 3 iriau. — 'id term. 1 2 fiieses, 3 fuese : 1 fueseinos, 2 fueseis, 3 fueseii 1 Fuere, 2 fuercs, &c. JUGAR, to play. Gerund. Jugando. Pant participle. Jugado. Indie. Pres. 1 Juego, 2 jiiecras, 3.iuecra: Ijugamos, 2 juijuis, 3 juearan. — Imperf. 1 Jugaha, ifec. — Pret. 1 'jui^ue, 2 jwiaHe, &c. — B'ut. 1 Jugare, &e. — Imper. 1 Juegue, 2 jiiejra, 3 juesrue : 1 ju'oruemos, Iju.g.rd, Z iiiesriien. — Stihf. Pres. 1 Jiiegrue, 2 juegiies, 3 juegue : 1 'jniTuenios, 2 jugaeis, 3 jneguen. — Imperf. \st term. ] Jugara, die— 2a! t^rm. 1 Jugaria, &c. — 3a! term. 1 Jugase, &c.—Fut. 1 Jugare, &c. OIR, to ^e«r. Gerund. Oyendo. Past participle. Oido. India. Pres. 1 Oiaro, 2 oyes, 3 oye : 1 oirnos, 2 ois, 3 oyeu.— Imperf. 1 (9w, &c.—Pret. 1 Ot, 2 o/«te, 3 oyo : 1 o'imos, 2 oisteis, 3 oyeron. — i^«<. 1 6>w't^, &e. — Imper. 1 Oiga, 2 oye, S oiga : 1 oigamos, 2 (/iri, 3 oigan. — S'm///. Pre--. lOiga, 2oigas, 3 oiga : 1 oigainos, 2oigais, 8 oisaii. — Imperf. l.si term. 1 Oyera, 2 oyeras, 3 oyera : 1 oydramos, 2 oyerais, 3 oyeran. — 2d term. 1 Oiria, &c. —Sd term. 1 Oyese, 2 oyeses, 3 oyese : 1 oyesemos, 2 oyeseis, 3 oyefen.-Fat. 1 Oyere, 2 oyeres, 3 oyere : 1 o'yeremos, 2 oyereis, 3 oyeren. OLER, to smell. Gerund. Oliendo. Past participle. Olido, Indie. Pres. 1 Huelo, 2 hueleSj 3 liuele: 1 olemos, 2 oleis, 3 huelen. — Imperf. 1 Olia, &c. — Pret. 1 6>Zi, &,c.—Fut. 1 <9;«r<'', &c.— Imper. 1 Huela, 2 huele, 3 huela: 1 olamos, 2 oZ^a?, 3 Inielau. — SubJ. Pre.',-. 1 Pluela, 2 huehis, 3 luiela: 1 olamos, 2 olais, 3 liue- lan.— ///(TV//. Ut term. 1 (^Zif^ra, &e.— 2t^ term. 1 Cfe- ria, &c. — 3'a! term. 1 <9^i€««, &c.—Fut. 1 Oliere, &c. PODER, to be ahle. Gerund. Pudiendo. Past participle. Podido. Indie. Pres. 1 Puedo, 2 puedes, 3 puede : 1 pode- mos, 2 pod£is, 3 pueden. — Imperf. 1 Podia, &e. — P/-e«. 1 Piide, 2 pudiste, 3 pudo : 1 pudimos, 2 pudis- teis, 3 piidieron.— i^«<. 1 Podre, 2 podras, 3 podra: I podrdmos, 2 podreis, 3 podran.— It has no Irnpera- tive.—SuhJ. Pre>i. 1 Pueda, 2 nuedas, 3 pueda: \ pn- damog, 2 podais, 3 puedan. — Imperf \st term. 1 Pu- diara, 2 pudieras, 3 piidiera: 1 pudieranios, 2 pudie- rais, 3 piulieran.— 2i term. 1 Podria, 2 podrias, 3 po- .Iriu: 1 podriamos, 2 podriais, 3 podrian. — 3(i! term. 1 Pudiese, 2 pndieses, 3 pndiese: 1 pudiej^emon, 2 pudieseis, 3 pudiesen.— i^««. 1 Pndiere, 2 pudieres, 3 pudiere : 1 padieremos, 2 piidiereis, 3 pudieren. PODRIR, to rot. Gerund. Pudriendo. Past participle. Podrido. Indie. Pres. 1 Pudro, 2 pudres, 3 pudre : 1 podria mos, 2 podria, 3 pudren. — Imperf. 1 Podria,* &c. — Pret. 1 Podri, 2 podriste, 3 pudrio : 1 podrimos 2 podristeis, 3 piidrieron. — Fut. 1 Podrire, &c. — ^/^/^ jyw. 1 Pudra, 2 pudre, 3 pudra : 1 pudramos, 2 po- drid, 3 pudraii. — >>ubj. Pres. 1 Pudra, 2 pudras, 3 pudra, &e. — Imperf. \st term. 1 Pudriera, 2 pudri- eras, 3 pudriera : 1 putlrierainos, 2 jnidrierais, 3 pu- drieran. — 2(i! term. 1 Podriria, &c. — 'id term. 1 Pudrie- se, 2 pudrieses, 3 pudriese : 1 pudricsemos, 2 pudri4- seis, 3 piidrieseri. — Fut. I Pudiiore, 2 pudricres, 3 pu- driere : 1 pudricreinos, 2 pudriereis, 3 pudrieren. PONER, to put. Gerund. Poniendo. Past participle. Puesto. Iridic. Pres. 1 Poiigo, 2pones, &c. — Impe/f. 1 Ponia, &c. — Pret. 1 Puse, 2 pusisle, 3 puso: 1 pusiinos, 2 pusisteis, 3 pnaK-vou.^Fut. 1 Pondre, 2 poiidras, 3 poudra: 1 pondreinos, 2 poiidreis, 3 pondrau.— Imper. 1 Poiiga. 2 poii, 3 ponga : 1 pongamos, 2 poned, 3 poiigaii. — iSubJ. Pi-es.\ Ponga, 2 pongas,_3 ponga: 1 pongamos. 2 pongais, 3 i>ongan. — Imperf. \st term. 1 Pusiera, 2 pusieras, 3 pusiera : 1 pusieraiiios, 2 pu- sierais, 3 pusieran. — 2d term. 1 Poudria, 2 pondrias, 3 poudria : 1 poudriauios, 2 pondriais, 3 pondrian. — 'id term. 1 Pusiese, 2 pusieses, 3 pusiese : 1 i>u«idse- ino.s, 2 pusicseis, 3 pusiesen. — Fut. 1 Pusiere, 2 pusie- res, 3 pusiere: 1 pusicremos, 2 pubiereis, 3 pusiercu. QUERER, to will. Gerund. Queriendo. Past participle. Querido. Indie. Pres. 1 Quiero, 2 quieres, 3 quiere : 1 quere- mos, 2 quereis, 3 quieren. — Imperf. 1 Queria, &c.— Pret. 1 Quise, 2 quisiste, 3 quiso : 1 quisimos, 2 qui- sisteis, 3 quisierou.— i^«<. 1 (guerre, 2 querras, 3 quer- ra : 1 querrenios, 2 querreis, 3 querran. — Hubj. Pres. 1 Quiera, 2 qiiieras, 3 quiera : 1 queiamos, 2 querdis, 3 quieran. — Impe/f. Ut te/-m. 1 Quisiera, 2 quisieras, 3 quisiera : 1 quisidramos, 2 quisierais, 3 quisieran. — 2d term.l Quorria, 2 querrias, Squerria: 1 querriainos, 2 querriais, 3 querrian. — id term. 1 Quisiese, 2 quisie- ses, 3 quisiese : 1 quisidsemos, 2 quisieseis, 3 quisie- sen. — Fut. 1 Quisiere, 2 quisieres, Squisiere: 1 quisi^- remos, 2 quisidreis, 3 quisieren. REIR, to laugh. Gerund. Riendo or riyendo. Past participle. Beido. Indie. Pres. 1 Rio, 2 ries, 3 rie : 1 reimos, 2 reis, 3 nen.— Impe/f. 1 Peia, &c.—Pret. 1 Rei, 2_ reiste, 3 rio or rivu : 1 reimos, 2 reisteis, 3 rieron or riydron. —Fat. 1 keire, &ti.—I/)iper. 1 Ria, 2 rie, 3 ria : 1 ria- mos, 2 reid, 3 riau.— .S'«i'^'. Pres. 1 Ria, 2 rias, 3 ria : 1 rianios, 2 riais. 3 rhin.— Impe/f . Ist term. 1 Riera, 2 rieras, 3 riera (o riyera, &c._). — 'id term. 1 Keirla, &c — 3(/ te/'//i. 1 Riese, 2 lieses, 3 riese : 1 ridsenios, 2 rieseis, 3riesen (uriyese, &c.).— i^«<. 1 Riere, 2 rieres, 3 riore : 1 riereuios, 2 ridreis, 3 rieren (6 riyere, &c.). Feeik, to fry. Past participle. Frito. SABER, to hrww. Gerund. Sahiendo. Past participle. Sahido. Indie. Pres. 1 Sd, 2 sabes, &,c.— Impe/f . 1 Sabia, &c. — P/-et. 1 Supe, 2 supiste, 3 supo: 1 supimos, 2 supis- teis, 3 snpidron. — Fut. 1 Sahre, 2 sabras, 3 sabra: 1 sa- brdmos, 2 sabrdis, 3 sabran. — b/iper. 1 Sepa, 2 saht., 3 sdpa: 1 sepanios, 2 sa/W. 3 sepan. — Subj. Pres. 1 Sepa, 2 sepas, 3 sepa: 1 sepamos, 2 sepais, 3 sepau. — Impe/f. 1st te/-m. 1 Supiera, 2 supieras, 3 supiera: 1 supieramos, 2 supidrais, 3 supieran. — 2d term. 1 Sa- bria, 2 sabrias, 3 sabria: 1 sabriamos, 2 sabriais, 3 sa- brian. — id term. 1 Supiese, 2 supieses, 3 supiese, &c. Fut. 1 Supiere, 2 supieres, 3 supiere : 1 supidremoa, 2 supidreis, 3 supieren. SALIR, to go out. Ge/-und. Saliendo. Past participle. Salido. Indie. P/-es. 1 Saigo, 2 saUs, &,c.— Impe/f. Halia, &c. —Pret. 1 Sali, &c.—Fut. I Saldrd, 2 saldras, 3 saldra : 1 saldrdinos, 2 saldrdis, 3 saldran. — Imper. 1 Saiga, 2 sal, 3 saiga : 1 salgamos, 2 salid, 3 salgan. — Sub;. Pres. 1 Saiga, 2 saigas, 3 saiga : 1 salgamos, 2 salgais, 3 salgan.— ///;/>«//. Ut Urm. \ Saliera, &c.—2d term. 1 Saldria, 2 saldrias, Ssaldria : 1 saldriamos, 2 saldriais 3 saldrian. — id term. 1 Saliese, &c. — Fut. 1 Saliere, &o • Some writers use pudria, &c. XIV A SYNOPSIS SATISFACER, to satisfy. SATISFACEE is a verb compounded of satis and hacer, and is conjugated like hacer^ chantriiig the Ti into/; i\\\\^, mti)errengar, Acrecentar, 11 Investir, Pedir, -1 Absolver, Mover, 11 Derrctir, Pedir, 11 Ingerir, Asentir, n Abxuelto, prt irr Desavenir, Venir, 14 Ir, 18 Abstraer, Traer, 14 Descender, Atender, 11 Acertar, Acrecentar, 11 Descollar, Acordar, 11 Jugar, 18 Acordar, 11 Descordar, it 11 AeosUir, Acordar, 11 Descimiedirso, Pedir, 11 Llover, Mover, 11 Ac-eceiUir, 11 Describir, reg. Ad 'Strar, Acrecentar, 11 Descrito or des- Maldecir, Bendecir, 13 Vd lerir, Asentir, 11 cripto, prt irr. Manil'estar, Acrecentar, 11 Aiiquirir, 11 Dcsflocar, Acordar, 11 Man tener, Tener, 9 Advortir Asentir, 11 Desliacer, Hacer, 13 Medir, Pedir, :i Ad;icir, Conducir, 11 Deslielar, Acrecentar, 11 Meniar, Acrecentar, 11 Agonir, Acorditr, 11 Desleir, Beir, 13 Mentir, Asentir, 11 A en tar, Acrecentar, 11 Desembrar, Acrecentar, 11 MorcnUar, Acrecentar, u Almorzar, Acordar, 11 Desolar, Acordar, 11 Moler, Mover, 11 Amolar, it 11 Desollar, ti 11 Moider, 11 Andar, 11 Desovar, it 11 Morir, 12 Apacentar, Acrecentar, 11 Despodir, Pedir, 11 Muerto, prt irr. Apostar, Acordar, 11 Despernar, Acrecentar, 11 Mostrar, Acordar, 11 Aprobar, (t 11 Despertar, it 11 Mover, 11 Apretar, Acrecentar, 11 Desterrar, ti 11 Arguir, Arrecirse, Jnstruir, Pedir, 11 11 Desplegar, Desvergonzar.se, tt Acordar, 11 11 Negar, Nevar, Acrecentar, tt 11 n Arrendar, Acrecentar, 11 Dezrnar, Acrecentar, 11 Ascender, Atfnder, 11 Discernir, Asentir, 11 Oir, Oler, 18 13 Arrepentirse, Asentir, 11 Dilerir, " 11 Asentar, Acrecentar, 11 Digeiir, it 11 Asentir, 11 Discordar, Acordar, 11 Aserrar, Acrecentar, 11 Disolver, Mover, 11 Pedir, 11 Asestar, (i 11 Divertir, Asentir, 11 Pensar, Acrecentar, 11 Atentar, (( 11 Doler, Mover, 11 Perder, A tender. 11 Asir, 11 Dorinir, 12 Pervertir, Asentir, 11 Asoldar, Acordar, 11 Placer, 14 Asolar, 4( 11 Elegir, Pedir, 11 Pleg-ir, Acrecentar, 11 Atender, 11 Einbestir, ti 11 Poblar, Acordar, 11 Aterrar, (ecliar por tierra) f Acrecentar, 11 Einj)edrar, Emiiezar, Acrecentar, it 11 11 Poder, Podrir, 18 13 Atestar, (rellenar) ti 11 Einporcar, Acordar, 11 Poner, 13 Atraer, Traer, 14 Encender, Atender, 11 Preferir, Asentir, 11 Atravesar, Acrecentar, 11 Encensar, Acrecentar, 11 Prescribir, reg. Aventar, u 11 Encerrar, ii ' 11 Presctipto, prt irr. Aventarse, ti 11 Encoinendar, ti 11 Probar, Acordar, 11 Avergonzar, Acordar, 11 Enconti-ar, Acordar, 11 I'roducir, Conducir, 11 Encordar, ti 11 Proferir, Asentir, 11 Bendecir, 12 Engreirse, Beir, 13 Proscribir, reg. • Engrosar, Acordar, 11 Prosaripto, prt irr. Caber, 12 Enrodar, it 11 Caer, 12 Enniendar, Acrecentar, 11 Quebrar, Querer, Acrecentar, 11 Calentar, Acrecentar, 11 Ensangrentar it 11 13 Cegar, 11 11 Envestir, Pedir, 11 Ceflir, Pedir, 11 Entender, Atender, 11 Cerner, Atender, 11 Enterrar, Acrecentar, 11 Raer, Caer, 12 Cerrar, Acrecentar, ■11 Erguir, 12 liecomendar, Acrecentar, 11 Ciinentar, it 11 Errar, 12 Hecordar, Acordar, 11 Cocer, 12 Escarmentar, Acrecentar, 11 Recost.ar, it 11 Co]ar, Acordar, 11 EscDcer, Cocer, 12 Keiiucir, Conducir, 11 Colegir, Pedir, 11 Escribir, rog. Pteferir, Asentir, , IJ Colgar, Acordar, 11 E.'icrito, prt irr. Regar, Acrecentar, 11 CoDiedirse, Pedir, 11 Estbrzar, Acordar. 11 Regir, Pedir, 11 Comenzar, Acrecentar, 11 E-stur, (see the auxiliary verbs) 9 Regoldar, Acordar, r. Coinpetir, Pedir, 11 Excluir, Instruir, 11 Reir, 13 Concebir, it 11 Estrefiir, Pedir, 11 Reniendar, Acrecentar, 11 Concernir, Aftentir, 11 Extender, A tender. 11 Rendir, Pedir, 11 Concertar, Acrecentar, 11 Expedlr, Pedir, 11 Renovar, Acordar, 11 Coneordar, Acordar, 11 Reftir, Pedir, 11 Con.'i;.fi-«nder, Atender, 11 Forzar, Acordar, 11 Repetir, ** 11 Condolerse, Mover, 11 Fregar, Acrecentar, 11 Reqiiebrar, Acrecentar, 11 Conducir, 11 Freir, Beir, 13 Requerir, Asentir, 11 Conl'erir, Asentir, 11 Frito, prt irr. Re.'icontrar, Acordar, 11 Confesar, Acrecentar, 11 Resollar, *' 11 Conocer, 11 Getnir, Pedir. 11 Retentar, Acrecentar, 11 Conseguir, Pedir, 11 Gobernar, Acrecentar, 11 Rev en tar. u 11 Consentir, Asentir, 11 Revolcar, Acordar, 11 Qonsolar, Acordar, 11 Haber, (see auxiliary verbs) 9 liodar. Caer, 11 Constrenir, Pedir, 11 Hacer, 13 Roer, 12 Con tar. Acordar, 11 Ileder, Atender, 11 Rogar, Acordar, 11 Contener, Tener, 9 rielar, Acrecentar, 11 Contender, Atender, 11 Henebir, Pedir, 11 Saber, 18 Contradecir, De<%r, 12 Hender, Atender, 11 Salir, 18 Controvertir, Asentir, 11 Hefiir, Pedir, 11 Satisfacer, 14 Contraer, Traer, 14 Herir, Asentir, 11 i^egar. Acrecentar, 11 Convertir, Asentir, 11 Herrar, Acrecentar, 11 Segiiir, Pedir, n Corregir, Pedir, 11 Hervir, Asentir, 11 i^embrar. Acrecentar, 11 Cubrir, reg. Holgar, Acordar, 11 Sen tar. ti 11 Cuhierto, prt Irr. Hollar, it 11 .Sentir, Asenti): 11 Ser, (see ausrtiary verbs) 9 Dar, 12 [m pedir, Pedir, 11 Servir, Pedir, 11 Decaer, Caer, 12 Inipriniir, reg. Sen-ar, Acrecentar, 11 Decentar, Acrecentar, 11 Impreso, prt irr. Soldar, Acordar, 11 Decir, 12 Incensar, Acrecentar, 11 Soler, 14 Beducir, Conducir, 11 Incluir, Instruir, 11 Solver, Mover, 11 Defender, Atender, 11 Inducir, Conducir, 11 Suelto, prt irr. Deferir, Axentir, 11 Inferir, Asentir, 11 Soltar, Acordar, 11 Degollar, Acordar, 11 Inqnirir, Adquirir, 11 Suelto, prt. irr. Denioler, Mover, 11 Instrnir, 11 Sonar, it 11 Demostrar, Acordar, 11 Introducir, Conducir, 11 Sonar, it 11 Denegar, Acrecentar, 11 Invernar, Acrecentar, 11 Sosegar, Acrecentar, 11 xvi A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE. Pase Pape Papr« Soteirar, Acrecentar, 11 Traer, Vor, 14 Sngerir, Asentir, 11 Transcender, Atender, Verier, Atender, 11 Trascender, u Vestir, Pedir, 11 Teniblar, Acrecentar, 11 Trascordarse, Acordar, Volcar, Acordar, 11 Tender, Atender, 11 Trasegar, Acrecentar, Volar, *& 11 Teller, Trocar, Acordar, Volver, Mover, 11 Teflir, Pedir, 11 Tronar, (i Vuelto, prt. irr. Tentar, Torcer, Acrecentar, IJ Cocer, 12 Tropezar, Acrecentar, Yacer, 14 Tostar, Acordar, 11 Valer, Trsduclr Oonducir, 11 Venir, 14 Zaherir. Asentir 11 EXPLANATION OF THE PKINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS. a adjective. ad adverb. art article. augm augmentative. coll colloquial. camp comparative. ftwy coujunctiou. di//n diminutive. int interjection. iron ironical. irr irregular. littl. us little used. obs obsolete. pa present participle. pp past participle. sf. substantive feminine. sm substantive masculine, svp superlative. Ft vide or see. va verb active. Vd. or V. .. listed or you. V. def. defective verb. vn verb neuter. vr reflective verb. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE BOTANICAL ARTICLES. B. M. Botanical Magazine. Cav Cavanilles. De Cand.. . . De Candolle. Fl. Per Flora Peruviana. Goert Goertner. Humb Humboldt. Lag Lagasca. Lam Lamark. Lindl Lindley. Linn Linnasus. M. B Masshal a Bieberstein. Pal Palan. Pers Persoon. Rich Richard. S'lbih Sibthorp. Sm Smith. var varietas. W.ox PFiZfiJ.Willdenow. ^J*^(. Scientific terms are indicated by their first letters, thus: anat. (anatomy); alg. (algebra); arithra. ^arithmetic) ; coll. (colloquial) ; met. (metaphoric) ; nau. (nautical) ; obs. (obsolete) ; prov. (provincial), &c. A KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION AS REPRESENTED IN THIS DICTIONARY. Spanish Alphabet. Give to the vowel the sound that the syllable that follows it in italics ha-s in English ; and sound also, aa in English, each of the syllables that represent said sound throughout all the dictionary. Vowels. Pronounce a, ah ; e, ay ; i, ee ; o, oh ; u, u (in bull ;) y, ee. The vowels have invariably the same sound, and must be fully and distinctly pronounced. The u is silent m the syllaVjles ffve, gui, que, qui, which are pronounced gay, gee, kay, hee : when the u is to be sounded, it is marked thus, ii, as in arguir (ar-goo-ir). Consonants. J, griega or je,ja, z, thai'dah. N. B. The th is to be always pronounced lisped as in thin, path • the h very hirshly aspirated, and the a liko ca. — See OllondorfTs Method for learning the Spanish Language, page 404. b, bay, f, ai'fay, c, thay, S, hay, ch, tchay, h, ah'tcJiay, d, day. j, hoe'lah, 1, ai'Uy, n, ai'nyay, 9, es'say, 11, ai'lyay, P, pay, t, tay. m, ai'muy, q, coo, V, vay. n, ai'nay, r, er'ay, er'-ray. X, ay'kiss, BICCIONARIO NUEVO DE LAS LENGUAS ESPAlOLA E INGLESA > ♦ » ESPAlfOL E INGLES— SPANISH AND ENGLISH. » ♦ • .\ ABA ABA A Ah, In the Spanish languase, ) has but one sound, and is pronounced as tlie open English a in alarm. A', prep, wliioli oi^ j nificj to, in, at, according to, on, by, for, and of; as Vm/ d Madrid, I am going to Madrid. A' la Incfhsa, In the English fashion. A' oriente. In the east. Jugar a los naipcs, To play at cards. A' las ocho, At eight o'clock. A' ley d^ CasftlUi, Ac- cording to the law of Castile. Vino a pie, He came on foot. Quien a hierro niafa, d Jikrro rmiere. He who kills by the sword, dies by the swdV'l. Dos d dos, Two by two. A' como vale la fan^ga ? d treinta reales. For how much a bushel ? for thirty reals. Este vaso hvele d mno. This glass smells of wine. Real de d ocho, Piece of eight. V. Real. — A' coalesces with the masculine article el, and instead of d el, as anciently used, al is now written, as Al rey. To the king. Al papa, To the pope. This masculine article is also used before tlie infinitive mood of verbs taken substantively, as Al amane- cer, At the break of day. Al ir yo alia. When I was going there. — A' is equivalent to the limit or end of any place or time. A' la cosecha pagare, I shall pay at har- vest-time. Desde aqui d'S. Juan, From this to St. John's day. J/e llegaha el agua d la gargania, The water was up to my throat. — A' sometimes signifies the motive or principle, as A' in>ifancia de la cm- dad, At the request of the city. A' qtte propositi ? To what purpow; ? — It also serves to express distribu- tive numbers, as A' perdiz por lar- ha, A partridge a head.- -Before the iiilinitive mood, and at the begin- ning of a sentence, it has some- times a conditional sense, as A' decir verdad. If we must speak the truth. — This preposition governs almost all parts of speech, whether substantives, adjectives, pronouns, or verbs : A' ha homhres. To men. De hieno d rruilo. From good to bad. A' mi, d ti, d vosotros, To me, to thee, t« you. A' Jvgar, To play. 1 Vamos d pasear, Let us take a walk. — It points out the person in whom the action of the verb termi- nates, and then is placed before the accusative or objective case, as Amo a Pedro, I love Peter. — A' is still used in some plirases instead of por, en, sin, para, and la; and in obsolete writmgs for con and de. — In composition it serves to con- vert substantives and adjectives into verbs, as ahocar from boca, ahlandar from hlando. Formerly it was prefixed to many words, as ahajar, amatar, &c. ; ijut being re- dundant, these words are now written hajar, matar, &c. — A' is frequently used adverbially, as A' d-eshora. Unseasonably. A' dife- rencia de esto. Contrary to this. A' conMcuencia, de eso, In consequence of that. A' la verdad. Truly. A' h menos. At least. A' sahiendas. Knowingly. A' veces. Sometimes. A' ojos vistas, Plainly, publicly ; barefacedly. A' ct/estas. On the back, on the shoulders. A' escon- didas, Privately, in a secret man- ner. A' priteha de homha. Bomb- proof. — A' denotes the number, price, rate, manner of action, in- strument, height, depth, &c., as El gasto svhe d cien pesos. The- expense amounts to a hundred dollars. Se hizo el seguro d tres por clento. The insurance was effected at three per cent. El azucar se ve.nde d tres pesos quintal, or el, or por quintal. Sugar is sold at three dollars a hun- dred. El se viste d la Espariola, He dresses after the Spanish fash- ion. Pasaron el rio con el agua d la. cvntvra. They crossed the river with the water up to the waist. JVb U llega el vestido d la rodiUa, His dress does not reach to his knees. A' fe de homhre de hien, On the faith of an honest man. AA. a7i-ah, Contraction for Au- thors ; and A. for Alteza, Highness, or for approval. AARO'N, ah-ar-on', sm. V. Barba. ABA'BA, ah-hah'-hah, sf. Eed poppy. Papaver rhoeas, £. V. Amapola. ABABOTL, ah-hah-hoW, am. (Prov.) V. Amapola morada and Ababa. ABACERI'A, ali-hath-er-ee'-ah, sf. A shop whore oil, vinegar, &c- are sold. ABACE'BO, ra, ah-hath-er'-oh, ah, s. A retailer of provisions, oil, vinesrar, &c. ABACI A'L, ah-hath-ee-aV, a. Be- longing to an abbot. A'BACO, ah'-hac-oh, sm. (Arch ) Abacus, highest moulding on Vbo capital of a column. ABA'D, ah-ad', sm. 1. An abbot. 2. In some provinces the rertcr of a parish. Ahad, hendito, Abbot having almost episcopal jurisdiu- tion. ABA'DA, ah^lah'-dah, sf. The feniiile rhinoceros. ABADE'JO, ah'liah-dwi'-hoe, sm, 1. Cod or cod-fish ; properly Poor- jack. Cadus poUachius, L. 2. Yellow wren. Motacilla troehilus, L. 3. (Obs.) Spanish flv. ABADE'NGO, oa, ah-lah-den'- go, gah, a. Abbatial, belonging to an abbot. ABA'DES, aJi-baJi'-dess, sm.. pi. (Obs.) Spanish flies, cantharides. ABADE'SA, ah-hah-des'-sah, sf An abbess. ABADI'A, ah-lah-deef-ah, sf. 1. An abbey. 2. (Prov.) A parsonage- house. ABADIA'DO, ah-lah-de^-aH-dm, sm. (Obs.) Abbey-lands. ABA.JADO'R, ah-hah-hah-dorc', sm. 1. Stable-boy in mines. 2. Au abater, he that takes down. ABAJAMIE'NTO, ah-lah-hah- me-en'-toe, sm. (Obs.) 1. Dejection, casting down. 2. Abatement. ABAJA'RSE, ah-hah-har'-say, vr. To abase one's self. ABA'JO, ah-hah'-hoe, a. Under, underneath, below. Venirse ahajo, To fall, to tumble. ABALA'DO, da, ah-bah-lah'-doe, dah, a. (Obs.) Spnncry, soft. ABALANZA'R, ' ah-hah-lan^ thai-', va. 1. To balance. 2. To weigh, to compare. 3. To dart, to impel. — vr. 1. To rush on with im- petuositv. 2. To venture. ABALDONA'R, ah-laUdoh^ar', va. 1. To debase, to revile, to un- ABA dervalue, to reproach. 2. (Obs.) To abandon. ABALEA'E, ah-bali-lai^ar' , va. To fan or winnow com. ABALIZA'R, ah-hah-Uth-ar', vt. (Nau.) To lay down buoys. ABALLA'R, ah-hal-lyar' , va. (Obs.) 1. To strike down. 2. To carry off. 3. To move. 4. (Pict.) V. ftEBAJAK. ABALLESTA'R, a/i-Ja^^yes-te;-', va. CNau.) To haul a caVjle. A BALO'RIOS, ah-hah-lore'-e-oss, tin. pi. Bugles, srlass beads. ABANDEEA'DO, ah-han-der- ah'-doe, am. 1. A standard-bearer. ABANDERTZADO'R, ra, ah- han-der-e-tha-dore', ah, s. A factious person ; a ringleader. ABANDERIZA'R, ah-ban-der-e- thar', va. To cabal ; to stir up dis- turbances. ABANDONA'DO, da, ah-han- don-ah'-doe., dah, a. 1. Abandoned, helpless, forlorn, despondent. 2. Abandoned, profligate, graceless. — pp. of Abandonar. ABAMDONAMIE'NTO, ah-hart^ don-ah-me-en'-foe, sm. 1. The act of abandoning. 2. Lewdness, de- baucherv. 3. Forlomness. ABATs'DONA'R, aTi-han-don-ar' , va. 1. To abandon, to leave, to de- Bert, to fling up ; to forego, to foil from ; to fail. 2. To give away, to relinquish. — vr. To despond, to de- spair ; to flinch ; to give one's self up to. ABANDO'NO, ah-han-done'-oh, tin. V. Abandonamiento. ABANICA'R, ah-han-e-car', va. To fan. ABANICA'ZO, ah-han-e-cath'-oh, gm. 1. Stroke with a fan. 2. A large fan. ABANI'CO, ah-haiv-ee'-coe, sm. 1. A fan. 2. A sprit-sail. Un ahani- co, fim-fonned, like a fan. ABANl'LLO, ah-hah-neeV-lyoh, tm. 1. (Obs.) Small fan. 2. A ruft', fold. ABANI'NO, ah-han-ee'-no, sm. (Obs.) Ruffle, frill. ABANIQUE'RO, aTi-lan-e-lcer'- oh, sm. A fan-maker. ABA'NTO, ah-ba7i'-toe, sm. A bird of the vulture species. ABARATA'R, ah-bar-aJi-tar', va. To cheapen, to abate. ABARBETA'R, ah-bar-bay-tar' , va. (Nau.) To rack. ABA'RCA, ah-bar'-eaTi, sf. A piece of coarse leather tied on the soles of the feet, worn by Spanish pheasants. ABARCA'DO, da, aJi-bar-cali'- doe, dah, a. Having the feet support- ed by pieces of dry skin. — pp. of Abaecar. ABARCADO'R, nA, ah-bar-cah- dore', ah, s. 1. Embracer, clasper. 2. Monopolist. ABARCAT^U'RA, ah-bar-cah- ioor'-ah, sf. Abakcamiento, sm. An embrace. ABAROATl, ah-har-car' va. 1. To clasp, to embrace. 2. To con- tiiin ; to undertake many things at once. 8. To go round and inspect. Aharcar el vienf/), To go round cattle, game, a hill, &c.,'with the wind in the face. 4. To monopo- lize goods, &c. ABARCO'N, ah-har-con^, sm. An iron rincr. ABARLOA'R, ah-har-lo-ar>, im ABA (Nau.) To bear up, to hail the wind. ( Yo abarque, aharquemos, from Abarcar. V. verbs in car.) ABARQUILLA'R, ah-bar-kU- hjar', va. To give a thing the form of a boat. ABARRACA'RSE, ah-bar-rah- car'-say, vr. To withdraw into bar- racks. ABARRA'DO, da, ah-har-rah'- doe, dah, a. (Obs.) Striped, clouded. ABARRAGANAMIE'NTO, ah- bar-rah-gah-nah-me-ea'-toe, sm. V. Amancebamiento. ABAERAGANA'RSE, ah-bar- rah-gah-nar'-say, vr. To live in con- cub in aore. ABAREANCADE'RO, aJi-bar- ran-cah-der'-oh, sm. 1. A deep, heavy road. 2. A precipice. 3. (Met.) Difficult business. ABAREANCAMIE'NTO, a/t- bar-ran-cah-me-en'-toe, sm,. Act of making or falling into holes or pits ; embarrassment. ABARRANCA'R, ah-bar-ran- car', va. To break up a road ; to dig holes. — vr. To fiill into a pit ; to become embaiTassed. ABARRA'R, ah-bar-rar', va. (Obs.) V. ACIBARRAR. ABARRA'Z, ah-ba?'-rath', sm. (Bot.) Louse-wort. V. Yerba pio- JEKA. ABARRE'RA, ah-lar-rer'-ah, sf. (Prov.) V. Reoatona. ABARRPSCO, ah-bar-ris'-coe, ad. (Obs.) Indiscriminately, jiro- miseuously. ABARftOTA'R, ah-bar-ro-tar', va. 1. To tie down, to bind with cords. 2. (Nau.) To stow the car- go. 3. To overstock. ' ABARRO'TE, ah-bar-ro'-tay, sm. (Nau.) A smaU package for filling up the cavities in stowing a carcfo. ABASTADAME'NTE, ah-las- tah^dah-men'-tay, ad. (Obs.) Abun- dantly, copiously. ABASTAMIE'NTO, ah-bas-tah- me-en'-toe, sm. V. Abundancia. ABASTA'R, ah-bas-tar', (Obs.) V. Abasteoer and Bastar ABASTARDA'RSE, aJi-bas-tar- dar'-say, vn. To degenerate, to vi- tiate. ABASTECEDO'R, ka, ah-bas- teth-eh-dore' , ah, s. A caterer, pro- vider. ABASTECE'R, ah-bas-teth^er', va. 1. To provide necessaries, to purvey. 2. To find, to supply. (Yo abastezco, abastezca, from Abastecer. V. verbs in ecer.) ABASTECIMIE'NTO, ah-bas- teth-ee-me-en^-toe, sm. 1. The act and the effect of providing. 2. Provisions. ABASTIONA'R, ah-bas-te-on- ar', va. To construct bastions. ABA'STO, ah'bas'-toe, sm. 1. The supply of a town with provisions, grist. 2. ('Met.) Any thing abund- ant. Small embroideries. ABATANA'R, ah-bah-tan^ar', va. To beat or full cloth. ABA'TE, ah-bah'-tay, sm. An abbe wearing a short cloak. A'BATP], ah'-bali-tay, mterj. Take care ! Stand out of the wav ! AB ATI DAM E'NTE, ah-halv-Ue- dah-m^n'-tay, ad. Dejectedly, hea- vily ; basely. XBATIDI'SIMO, ah-bah-te-dee'- aee-moh, a. sup. Very low-spirited, very dejected. ABE ABATI'DO, da, ah-bali-tee'-doe, dah, a. 1. Dejected, spiritless, flat, low, faint ; vapid. 2. Abject, mean, base. — pp. of Abatik. ABATIMIE'^NTO, ah-bah-te-me- en-toe, sm. 1. Discorragement, low- ness of spirits, heavinras., ftintness, flatness. 2. Humblirg, cbscure condition. Abatimiento del iMmho. (Nau.) The leeway of a ship. ABATl'E, ah-iah-tlr', va. 1. To throw down, to overthrow, to cat down, to flatten, to fall. ' 2. To humble, to debase, to overwhelm, to lower, to discourage. — vn. To descend, to stoop. — vr. 1. Tc be disheartened, to be dismayed; to crouch. 2. (Nan.) To have leev/ay. ABDICACIO'N, ab-de-cath-ee- on', sf. Abdication. ABDICA'R, ab-dee-car', va. 1. To abdicate. 2. To revoke, to annul. ABDO'MEN, ab-ihe'-men, sm. Abdomen. ABDOMINA'L, ab-doh^me-naV , a. Abdominal. ABDUCCIO'N, ab-dooc'th£e-on\ sf. (Anat.) Abduction. ABDUCTO'R, ah-dooc-tore', sm. (Anat.) Abductor, the muscles which draw back the several mem- bers. ABECE', ah-beth-ay', sm. Hi.t alphabet. ABECEDA'RIO, ah-beih-ay-dar'- e-oh, sm. 1. The alphabet. 2. A spelling-book. 3. A table of con- tents. ABEDU'L, ah-bay-dmV, sm. The common birch-tree. ABEMA, ah-bay'-hhah, sf. A bee. Abeja maestra, gum o madre. The queen or queen-bee. Abeja machie- ga, Breeding-bee. ABEJA'R, ah-beh-hhar', srr. A bee-hive. V. Colmenar. ABEJA'R, alir-beh-hhar', a. Uoa abejiir, A grape of which bees are very fond. ABEJARRO'N, ABE.JO'RRO, ah-beh-hhar-rone', or ah-beh-hhor'- roe, sm. A horse flv. ABE.IARU'CO, ■ ABE.JERU'CO, aJi-beh-hhar-oo'-co, or ah-beh-hher- oo'-co, sm. 1. The bee-eater, a bird. Merops apiaster, L. 2. (Met.) A mean, despicable fellow. ABE.JE'RA, ah-beh-hher' -all, sf. Balm-mint or bee-wort. Melissa officinalis. L. ABEJE'RO, ah-beh-hher' -oh, sm. 1. A keeper of bee-hives. 2. V. Abejaruco. ABE.JPCA, i'lla, i'ta, jue'la, ah-beh-hhee'-caJi, sf. dim. A little bee. ABE.JO'N, ah-be?i-hhone', sm. 1. A drone ; a hornet. 2. A rustic play of buzzing in and striking the ear. ABEJONA'ZO, ah-beJi-hhone- ath'-oh, s?>i. A large wild bee. ABEJONCI'LLO, ah-beh-U'{tKNA'1)0, pa, (i/i-her- en-hen-al'-tlop., iJali, a. Iliivinsj the oolor of the eirir-nlunt, lihie. ABEKRACio'N, ah-her-mth-ee- on', "f. ( Astr.) Aberration. ABERRUGA'DO, da, ah-her-roo- gad'-ah, ali^ a. Full of warts. ABEKTU'RA, ah-her-foor'-ah, sf. 1. Aperture. 2. Outset, beginning. 8. An opening, chink, cleft, crevice, fissure, iiap, loophole, a hole to give a pasfsage. 4. Openness of mind ; plain dealing. 5. A leak. 6. (Mus.) Overture. ABE'TE, ah-beh'-t-aj/, sm. I. Hook for holding cloth. Abetino, a. 2. V. AliKTO. ABETE'RXO, ah-eh-fer'-jwe, (or ab eterno, Lat.) From all cternitv. ABETINO'TE or ABIETI'NO, ah-h(h-Ue-noe'-tay, ah-be-ay-tee'- noe., a. V. AcEiTE. ABE'TO, ah-beJi'-foe, sm. The sil- ver-tree; the yew-leaved fir. Pinus picca, L. ABETITNA'DO, da, aJi-bet-oo- nali'-doe, daJi, a. Resembling bitu- men. A BETU N A'R, ah -bay-too-n ar', va. To do over witli bitumen. ABIERTAME'XTE, ah-be-er- tcJt-men'-tay, ad. Frankly, openly, fairly, plninly. A'BIE'RTC), TA, ah-be-er'-toe, tali, a. 1. Open, free, clear. 2. Sincere, cimdid, open-liearted, generous. 8. Full-blown.— /7J3. irr. of ABRnt. ABIGARRA'DO, da, ah-be-gar- rah'-J^e, dah, a. Varie2;ated, motley. - -pp. of AniOARRAP.. ABIGARRA'R, ali-be-gar-rar\ va. To paint with a diversity of co- lors, without order or union ; to fleck. ABTGEA'TO, ah-be-hMi-ah'-foe, sm. (Law.) Theft of cattle. ABIGE'O, ah-'>e-heh'-oJi, sm. (Law.) A thief or stealer of cattle. ABIGOTA'DO, da, ah-be-go-tuh'- doe, dah, a. A person wearing long whiskers. ABIHA'RES, ah-he-ar'-ess, S7n. 1. Narcissus or daffodil. 2. A pre- cious stone of the color of the daf- fodil. ABINI'CIO, ab-in-ee'-thieh-oh, (or ab initio, Lat.) Fron 'he begin- uin^r. ABIKTESTA'TO, ab-in-us-tah'- toe, a. (Lat.) Intestate. — sm. Fi-o- cess of a iud^e in cases of no will. ABIO'SA, ab-e-os'-sah, sf. The boa snake. Boa constrictor. L. ABISMA'L, ah-his-mal', a. Be- lontriniT to an abvss. AB1S^L\'LES, ah-bis-mal'-ess, s. pi. Clasp nails. ABISJL\'R, ah-bU-mar', ta. To depress, to humble, to destroy. ABl'SMO, ah-bis'-moh, sm. 1. Abyss ; gulf. 2. That which is im- u ense, or incomprehensible. 3. Heli. ABTTADU'RA, ah-be-tad-oor'- ih, sf. (Nan.) A turn of the cable 'uou'nd the bits. ABITA'QUE, ah-be-tah'-kay, sm. A rafter or joist, the fourth part of a sirder. ABITA'R. ah-be-tar', va. Aidtar el cable. To bite the cable. ABO ABITAS, ah-bee'-fass, sm. pi. Bits. Abitas del molinete, Carrick- bits. AB1T(VNES, ah-be-toh'-rms, sm. pi. Ti)ii-sail sheet, bits. ABIZCOCILV'DO, DA, ah-bifih- coe-chah'-doe, dah, a. In the form of a biscuit. ABJURACIO'N, ah-hlwor-ah- thi-eh-on', sf. Abjuration. ABJURA'R, ab hhoor-ar', va. To abjure, to recant upon oath. ABLANDADO'R, ka, ah-blan- dah-dore', rah, s. Mollifier. ABLANDAMIE'NTO, ah-blan- dah-me-en'-toe, sm. Making mellow ; relenting. ABLANDA'R, ah-blan^dar>, va. and n. 1. To soften, to mellow, to relent. 2. To loosen. 3. To as- suage, to mitigate, to melt, to soothe. 4. To grow mild or tem- perate ; to Lrive. ABLANDATI'VO, va, ah-Uan- dah-tee'-Boh, rah, a. Of a softening quality. ABLA'NO, ah-hlah'-noe, sm. Tlie hazel-tree. ABLATI'VO, ah-blah-tee'-voh, sm. The sixth case of Latin nouns. ABLENTADO'R, ah-blen-tah- dorcK sm. V. Aventador. ABLENTA'R, ah-blen-tar>, va. V. AVENTAR. ABLUCIO'N, ah-bho-thieh-on,', sf. 1. Ablution, lotion. 2. The wa- ter with which Roman Catholic priests purify the chalice at mass. ABNEGACIO'N, ab-neh-gali- thith-nn', sf. Abnegation, self-denial. ABNEGA'R, al-neh-gar', va. To renounce, to deny one's self any thing. ( Yo ahniego, ahniegu-e, from Abn-e- gar. V. Acrecentah.) ABOBA'DO, DA, ah-bo-bali'-doe, dnh, a. Stultified, simple, silly.— /)/>. of Abob.\r. ABOB AMIE'NTO, (77i-?>o-^a7;-w«- enf-tne. sm. Stupefaction, stupidity. AIS^BA'R, ah-ho-bar', va. 1. To stuiiefy. 2. V. Embobae. — vr. To oTow stupid. ABOCA'DO, ah-bo-cah'-doe, _ a. Mild, agreeable : applied to wine. — fp. of Abocar. ABOCAMIE'NTO, ah-bo-cah-me- en'-tne, sm. A meeting, an inter- view. ABOCA'R, ah-bo-car', va. To take or catch with the mouth. Abo- car ki artiUeria, To bring the guns to bear. Abocar un estrecho. To en- ter the mouth of a channel or strait. — vr. To meet bv agreement. ABOCARDA'DO, da, ah-bo-c^r- dah'-doe, d/ih, a. Wide-mouthed, like a trumpet. ABOCIIORNA'DO, da, ah-bo- tchor-nah'-doe, d-nh, a. Out of coun- tenance, flushed. — pp. of Abochor- >rAR. Quedar ahochoi-nado, to feel mortified. ABOCHORNA'E, ali-bo-tchor- nar', va. \. To swelter, to overheat. 2. To provoke by abusive language. rr. To blusli. to feel mortified. AB( )CIN A'DO, ah-oo-thkJi-nah'- dne. n. Bent : aiiplied to an elliptic arch, the t^vo faces of ^vhich are nearly the same. — pp. of Abocinar. A BOCI N A'R, aJi-bo-th i^h-va ?•', vn. ("Low) To fall upon the face. AT.OFETEADO'R, ra, ah-bo-feh- fay-ah-dore', rah, s. Buflfetcr, one xho nsiilta. ABO ABOFETEA'R, ah-bo-feh-tay-ar\ va. 1. To slap one's face. 2. Tc insult. ABOGACI'A, ah-bo-gah-thieh'- ah, sf. Profession of a lawyer or advocate. ABOGA'DA, ah-lo-gah'-dah. tf. 1. A mediatrix. 2. A counsellor's wife. ABOGADEA'R, ali-bcngah-dai- ar', vn. To play the advocate : used in contempt. ABOGA'DO, ah-lo-gaJi'-doe, sm, 1. Advocate, counsellor. 2. A me- diator. — pp. of Abogar. ABOGA'R, ali-bo-gar', vn. 1. To advocate, to plead the cause of another. 2. To intercede in behftlf of another. {Yo ahogue, from Abogar. V. verbs in gar.') ABOH'ET A'DO, DA, ah-ho-eh-tah*- doe, dahj a. Inflated, swollen. ABOLE'NGO, ah-bol^en'-go, sm. 1. Ancestry. 2. Inheritance coming from ancestors. ABOLE'ZA, ah-bol-eth'-ah, sf. (Obs.) Baseness, meanness. ABO'LJClO''N,ah-bol-ee-tMeh-on', sf. Abolition, abrogation, extinc- tion. ABO LI'S, ah-lol-ir', va. To abo- lish, to annul, to revoke, to repeal. ' ABOLLA'DO, ah-M-lyad'-oh, a. and s. V. Alechugado. — pp. of Abollar. ABOLLADU'EA, ah-boUyad- oor'-ah, sf. 1. Inequalitj-. 2. Em- bossed work, relievo. 3. Bruise. ABOLLA'R, ali-boUyar', va. 1. To emboss. 2. To annoy with an unpleasant discourse. 3. To stun and confound. 4. To bruise. ABOLLO'N, ah-hoUyon', sm. (Prov.) A bud, in particular of tho vine. ABOLLONA'R, ah-boUyon-ar', va. To emboss. — vn. (Prov.) To bud, applied in particular to the vine. ABOLO'RIO, a?i-bol-or'-e-o, sm. V. Abolengo. ABOLSA'DO, DA, ah-bol-sah'-doe, dah, a. Puckered, folded in the form of a jmrse. ABOMINA'BLE, ah-bo-me-nah'- blay, a. Detestable, abominable, execrable, odious, heinous, cursed. ABOMINACIO'N, ah-bo-me- natJi-ee-on', sf. Abomination, detes- tation, execration, cursedness. ABOMINA'R, ah-bo-me-nar', va. To detest, to abhor, to execrate. ABONA'DO, DA, ah-boh-naV-do, dah, s. A subscriber to a work or any other thing. ABONA'DO, DA, ah-bo-nah'-doe, dah, a. 1. Creditable, rich. 2. Fit and disposed for any thing : com- monly understood in an ill sense. 7'estigo abonado, An irrefragable witness. — pp. of Abonaj?. ABONADO'R, ora, ah-ho-nah- dove', doh'-rah, s. A bail or surety. ABONAMIE'NTO, ah-ho-rwh me-en'-toe, sm. V. Abono. ABONANZA'R, ah-bnrv-an-tMr*, vn. To clear up : applied to the weather. ABONA'R, ah-bo-nar', va. 1. To bail, to insure. 2. To improve or meliorate. 3. To make ffood an assertion. 4. To manure lands, to compost. 5. To give one credit; to allow. — vr. To subscribe to any work ; to pay in advance for anj thing. — vn. V. Abonanzajj. 8 ABO AJiK ABR ABO'NO, ah-ho'-noe, sm. 1. Secu- rity given for a person or the per- formance of a contract. 2. Dung, manure, compost. 3. A receipt in full or part. ( Yo ahoqui, «&c., from Abocar. V. verbs in car.) ABORDADO'E, ah~bor-dah- dor^, sm. 1. He that boards a ship. 2. An intruder, who accosts a per- son with an air of impudence. ABORDA'GE, ah-hor-dah'-hhay, sm. (Nau.) The act of boarding a ship. ABORDA'R, ah-hor-dar', va. 1. To board a shin, to fall aboard. 2. To run foid of a ship. 3. To put into a port. ABO'EDO, aJi-bor'-doe, sm. 1. (^Met.) Address, attack, shock or force in execution. 2. (Obs.) V. Abordage. ABOEDONA'R, ah-h(yr-don-ar', vn. (Obs.) To walk with a staff. ABOEIGE'NES, ah-ar-ee-7ien'- css, m. pi. Aborigines, the earliest inhabitants of a country. ABOREACIIA'DO, da, ah-bor- rah-tchah'-doe, dah, a. 1. High co- lored. 2. Inflamed, fiery. ABOERASCA'ESE, ah-lor-rass- car'-say, vr. To be tempestuous or Btormv. ABbERECEDO'E, ba, ah-lor- reth^ay-dore\ rah, s. A detester, a hater. ABOEEECE'E, aTi-hor-retli-er' , va. 1. To hate, to abhor. 2. To re- linquish, to desert : in the last sense it is chiefly applied to birds, which desert their eggs or young ones. 3. To adventure or spend money. ABOEEECI'BLE, ah-hor-rkli^ee'- blay, a. Hateful, detestable, loath- some, cursed, damned, forbidding. ABOEEECIMIE'NTO, ahr-bor- reih-ee-me-en'-toc, sm. Abhorrence, detestation, dislike, hate, grudge. ABOREE'E, ABOEEESCE'E, ah'bor-rer\ ahA>or-ress-iher\ va. (Obs.) V. Aborrecer. {Aborresco. V. Aborrecer. ) ABORTAMIE'NTO, ah-bor-tah- me-en'-toe, sm. Abortion. ABOETA'E, ah-bor-tar', va. To miscari-v. ABOETIVAME'NTE, al-bcr- te- vaJir-m^n'-tay, ad. Abortively, un- timely. ♦ ABOETI'VO, va, ah-bor-te^'-voh, vah, a. Abortive ; producing abor- tion. ABO'ETO, ah-bor'-toe, sm. 1. A miscarriage, abortion. 2. A monster. ABOETO'N, ah-bor-ton^', sm. 1. The abortion of a ouadruped. 2. The skin of a lamb born before its time. ABOEUJATISE, ah-bor-oo- hhars'-say, vr. To be muffled or SFrapped up. ABOTAGA'RSE, ah-bo-tah-gar>- tay, vr. To be swollen, to be infla- ted. ABOTINA'DO, da, ah-bo-te-nah'- doe, dah, a. Made in the form of LaJf-giiiters, closiner at the instep. ABOTONADO'R, ah-bo-tne-nah- iore', sm,. An iron instrument used for buttoning gaiters. ABOTONA'E, ah-bo-toe-nar' , va. To button, to fasten with buttons. — vn. 1. To bud, to germinate. 2. To form a button : appliiid to eggs r)()iled with the white obtruding. ABOVEDA'DO, da, ah-ho-veh,- dah'-doe, dah, a. Arched, vaulted. — pp. of Abovedar. ABOVEDA'R, ah-bo-veli-dar' , va. To arch, to vault, to shape as a vault. ABOYA'DO, DA, ah-bo-jaV-doe, dah, a. A farm rented, with the ne- cessary stock of o.xen for ploughing the ground.— -p^. of Abotae. ABOYA'R, ah-bo-jar', va. (Nau.) To lav down buoys. A'BEA, ah'-brah, sf.\. A bav, a haven ; a cove or creek. 2. A clale or valley. 3. A fissure in moun- tains. ABEACI'JO, ah-brafh-ee'-Tihoe, sm. (Coll.") An embrace, a hucr. ABEAHONA'R, ah-brali-mi^ar' , va. (Low) To hold one fast by the garment. ABEASADAME'NTE, ah-bras- sa7i-dah-men'-tay, ad. Ardently, ea- gerly. ABEASADO'E, ra, ah-bras-sah- dore,', ah, s. 1. A burner. 2. One who inflames bv the heat of passion. ABEASAMlE'NTO, ah-bras- sah-me-en'-toe, sm. 1. The act of burning. 2. Inflammation. 3. The excessive heat of passion. 4. Flagrancy. ABEASA'E, ah-bras-sar', va. 1, To burn; to fire; to parch the ground. 2. To dissipate, to squan- der. 3. To provoke. — vr. To be agitated by any violent passion, to glow. Abrasarse vivo. To be in- flamed with passion ; to feel ex- tremely hot. Abrasarse las pajor- rilhs, To be burning hot. ABEASILA'DO, da, ah-bras- see-lah'-doe, dah, a. Of the color of Brazil-wood. ABRAZADE'EA, ah-brafh-ad- er'-ah, sf. 1. A ring put around a thing a.s a band. 2. A cleat. 3. A piece of timber which fiistens the plough-tail to the plough. ABRAZADO'E, ra, ah-brath-ad- ore', or'-ah, s. 1. One that embraces. 2. (Low) A thief-taker. 3. A hook which serves to keep up the pole ol" a draw-well. 4. (Obs.) One who se- duces others intoffiimbling-houses. ABEAZAMIE'NTO, ah-hrath- ah-me-en'-toe. sm. Einbracinsr. ABEAZA'E, ab-brath-ar', va. 1. To embrace, to hug, to caress ; to clasp, to clip, to lock in, to fathom, to compress. 2. To surround. To embrace the opinion of another ; to go into. 4. To take to one's charge. 3. To comprise. ABEA'ZO, ah-brah'-thoJi, sm.. A bus, an embrace. A'BEEGO, ah'-bray-go, sm. A south-west wind. ABEENU'NCIO, ab-rreh-noon'- thiehr-oh, int. (Lat.) Far be it from me : used to express detestation. ABEEVADE'EO, nh-bray-vah- deh'-roh, sm. A watering-] ilace for cattle. ABEEVA'DO, uh-bray-vah'-doe, a. Softened in Heater: aiipliod to skins. — fp. of Aurevar. ABEEVADO'E, ah-bray-vah- dore', sm. 1. He who waters cattle. 2. Waterer. 3. Waterincr-phice. ABEEVA'E, ali-bray-mr', va. To water cattle. ABEEVl ACIO'N, ah-bray-vee- ah-thieh-oi)', sf. Ahhroviation. ABREVIADO'K, ra, ah-bray-ree- ah-dorfi', ah, s. \. An iibridircr, one wtio abridiTCs writings. 2. A brc- viator, an otfieer enujloyed in expe- diting the poj)e's Vjulin. ABREVIA'K, ah-bray-vee-ar<, va. To abridge, to cut short. ABREVIATU'RA, ah-bray-ve*. ah-too'-rah, sf. 1. Abbreviation, con- traction. 2. Short-liand. Erh abre- viatura, Brieflv, expeditiously. ABEEVIATUKI'A, ah^bray r« ■ ah-toor-ee'-ah, sf. Office of a brcviiv- tor. ABEIBONA'ESE, ah-hrce-ho nar'-say, vr. To act the scoundrel ; to stroll about. ABEIDE'EO, ah-brec-day'- roh, sm. A sort of peach, which, \\ hen ripe, opens easUy and drops the stone. ABEIDE'EO, RA, ah-bree-day'- roh, rah, a. Of an aperitive nature ; easily opened. AfeEID(J'E, ah-bree-dore', sm. 1. (Bot.) Nectarine, a species of the peach-tree. 2. Opener, the person who opens or unlocks. Abridor de Idmlnas, An engraver. Abridor en hueco, A die or punch sinker. 3. Iron used for opening ruffs or plaits. ABEIGADE'EO, ah-bree-gah der'-oh, S7n. Sheltered place. ABEIGA'DO, ah-bree-gah'-doe, sm. V. Abrioadero. — pp. of Abri- GAR. _ ABUmK<^0,ah-bree-gah>-7iyeoh, sm. A shelter for cattle. ABEIGA'E, ahbree-gar', va. To shelter, to protect, to-patronize; to overshadow, to cover ; to warm, to lodge. Abriguese Vd. con ello, (Coll.) Defend yourself with it. ABEl'GO, ah-bree'-go, sm. Shel- ter, protection, aid, support. ABEI'L, ah-briV, sm. April, the fourth month of the year. EHar hecho i/n abril o parecer vn ahril, To be gav, florid, handsome. ABEILLANTATi, ah-breeUy.in- tar', va. To cut a diamond into an gles ; to make any precious btf^r.e spiarkle bv polishing it. ABRLViIE'NTO," ah-bree- -ne-en' foe', sm. 1. The act of opening. 2. An opening. ABEI'R, ah-brir', va. 1. To open ; to unlock. 2. To remove obstacles. 3. To engrave. To expand, as flow- ers • to distend. Anrir a clusco, (Coll.) To jest, to mock. Abrir el dia, To dawn. Atirir el ojo, To be alert. Abrir la. viano, to accept bribes ; to be generous. Abrir los qjos a uno. To undeceive, to en- lighten. — vr. 1. To be open, to tear. 2." To extend itself. 3. To chink, to cleave, to yawn. 4. (Met.) To communicate, to disclose a secret. Abrirse con algiino, to disclose one's secret, or to unbosom and reveal it to a friend. Alrir.'