' / OFC/iLIFORni/l voLumev-noz OFFICIAL OR6/in OFTH flLUANl HANSEN & ELRIGK DEALERS IN SHIRTS, UNDERWEAR ..Men's Furnishing Goods.. EXAMINER BUILDING SOUTHEAST COR. MARKET AND THIRD STS. SAN FRANCISCO The Funniest Calendar Out! College Calendar By R. K. CULVER "THE COLLEGE MAN" Price, 50c in Box For sale at CO-OP, and DODGE'S, 123 Grant Ave., S. F. DANIEL COIT OILMAN President University of California, 1872-1875 MACCABE A SONS, PHOTO ENGRAVERS The University of California Magazine VOLUME V NOVEMBER, 1899 NUMBER 7 THE UNIVERSITY PRESENT AND FUTURE. time has not yet come to write the history of the -* University of California. Though one of the younger Institutions of the country, it has attained a reputation quite beyond its years, and illustrates in a striking manner that most of our younger and newer States could not have had great Institutions of learning unless those Institutions had been founded and cherished by the State. Our University has been established about thirty years, the lifetime of a generation, a short period of time histori- cally, but in which there has been, as it were, a great upris- ing of public opinion concerning the importance of education in relation to the welfare of the State and of society itself. The conquests made in the modern age over time and space, the subjection of the powers of nature to human use, the vast a*nd swift increase of communication on the earth, the tenden- cies to unity in the human race and among the nations, all have conspired to make the world a neighborhood, and reveal the common wants of man. It may be said without exag- geration that within this period the plane of humanity itself has been raised, and the importance of man himself on his own account has become a distinct figure in the field of human thought and action, and that education, in its most large and 354 The University of California Magazine. liberal sense, is the true means of giving man his true place commensurate with his destiny as an intellectual and moral being. In this great uprising of opinion and conviction there lies dormant some of the profoundest problems of human society touching the welfare of liberty, the apparent conflict of prin- ciples not yet fully developed and which the future alone can fully unfold. As a general fact or principle, while the State establishes law, order, and public justice, the individual must take care of himself with such helps as the collective life of society affords. To what extent society shall aid him in the nurture and development of his own powers, there may be some difference of opinion, though the great fact remains that every man is debtor to society, and no man can do for society what society does for him. Whatever may be the final issue of these great problems, which only time and experience can fully unfold, the fact re- mains that the State has adopted education as a means to the common welfare by the elevation of the individual to a higher plane of usefulness and responsibility. This is the great bot- tom fact, whatever discussions may arise and they will arise without end concerning the relations of the individual and the State; for education in its widest and best sense is the cul- ture and development of human nature, about which dis- cussion can never end. What are some of the leading material, intellectual, and moral facts in regard to our University ? It has at present a comparatively small "plant" of material resources. Its re- sources from the State have not been equal to its wants. While this may be natural enough, inasmuch as most of us have no adequate idea .of the cost of education, it is impor- tant that the public should understand what is required in material means to carry on an Institution which shall attract to itself year after year thousands of youth for the cultivation of such liberal studies as adorn society through the increase of individual power. We have now, say, two thousand stu- The University Present and Future. 355 dents in one department of the University independent of al- lied or associated schools. The efficient management and control of that department alone requires an income of at least one million dollars per annum. This without reference to library or dependent departments. Thus, it is easy to see that the University needs rich ea- dowments from the State or from individuals, and will never cease to need those endowments perpetuated and repeated from generation to generation as long as time shall endure. The University, therefore, needs great funds, either from public taxation or private endowment, far beyond anything which it has yet received. The intellectual standing of the University will depend upon our view of the use of liberal studies, whether those studies are ideal or simply practical. Although the Univer- sity should include every course of human study, and give to every vocation at least an introduction to its elements, it should ever be borne in mind that the University proper is for general culture and discipline in distinction from preparation for particular vocation. Vocation or calling, as it is termed, is very rarely marked or indicated by constitutional tastes and tendencies. The average mind will have an average suc- cess in almost any department of activity to which it will de- vote itself with industry and energy. There is a period of youth where the mind is in the gristle, say from seventeen to twenty-two years, during which it is well if a youth has not determined the line of his future vocation. This period is most happily employed in studies that give general discipline, culture, and mental energy. While, therefore, a State Uni- versity should cherish those studies which contemplate par- ticular vocation for those who would take the "short cut" to life, the idea that this is not the purpose of University studies in their noblest sense should be ever kept in mind. Without this a great Institution of learning becomes merely a shop, and the horses of the sun are chained to a dray. It is neces- sary to understand this without invidious distinctions or class 356 The University of California Magazine. prejudices, giving a hearing to every vocation, but, neverthe- less, lifting the standard on high, affirming that the end of all liberal studies that deserve the name is the general climate of mind in distinction from special industry or provincial voca- tion. This is the ideal of an University, the preservation of which makes the University a field of human world-culture, and saves the mind from the provincialism of vocation to which, sooner or later, all men are exposed. All men are exposed to be circumscribed by their calling, and in a certain sense must be, and liberal studies alone can make the mind human and cosmopolitan. This idea must be the ideal of any Institution that calls itself an University. What is meant by the morals of the University ? I under- stand by it the general tone of manners and administration. So far as pertains to what is called co-education, there will probably be a difference of opinion among intelligent persons that discussion will not do much to harmonize. There are some questions profoundly interesting so mixed of understand- ing and feeling that if we undertake to settle them by under- standing alone we are impressed with how little we should understand if we had nothing but understanding, and how little we should feel if we had nothing but feeling. Yet feel- ing is often better than reasoning, and sentiment is truer than logic. It may be in vain to undertake to cast the horoscope of the future, but if the number of young women resorting to the University increases as it has done in the past, it will cease to be co-educational, inasmuch as women outnumber men. But all that must be left to time and experience. In all matters pertaining to manners in the University, we must depend on the sense of propriety and honor in the heart of youth, and the sentiments of fidelity and faithfulness that are brought from home. In this respect the University is a little world which cannot undertake the special care of individuals, but simply provides them with opportunities as government protects the citizen and offers him his chances. The idea that a youth is sent to the University to be taken care of is a fun- The University Present and Future. 357 damental mistake. It is in a certain sense his initiation to the world, where he is put to the test of faithfulness, honor, pluck, and integrity. He finds himself in a public where, while he must act with reference to those around him, he must also sustain a standard of individual opinion and action that will command the respect of all honorable minds. It is common for people to speak of the rudeness of University life and man- ners, but it may be doubted if an equal number of youth in society at large behave better than those gathered in a great Institution of learning. The Institution gets published, and often falsely reported, while those mingled in society at large are not noticed. The influence of great teachers is one of those incalculable forces of which we can take no accurate account, but which imperceptibly and unconsciously steal into the mind and heart, making the truly great teacher the most influential of all men. The different races of mankind have made no error when they have called the founders of their religions Teach- ers. To be believed in, honored, and loved as a great teacher, in whatever sphere of truth, is a theatre of influence in any field of human activity. It is not the most conspicuous, but it is the most influential. The teacher is the inspirer, and if he does not inspire he does not truly teach. He may not be conspicuous as upon the high places of the world. Neither is God, the Maker and Inspirer of men, very conspicuous. The morale of the University, then, depends upon the gen- eral spirit which pervades it, the spirit of honor, faithfulness, and teaching, all consistent with the finest cheerfulness, with charming associations, and, above all, with that communion with truth that is eternal life to the mind. There is a department of the management of the University, especially of an University founded like ours in the State and dependent on the State, that gives it a moral aspect and tone of peculiar quality. Politics in a high sense is social wisdom, but it is subject to many tricks and degradations of virtue. One of the early objections made to the establishment of our 358 The University of California Magazine. University was that it would be a political Institution, or an Institution governed by political influence. While such fears in their literal sense have not been realized, it cannot be de- nied that a State Institution is subject to influences which do not control a private corporation, and needs to be conducted on some principle of civil service that sets it free from "pulls" or ambitions of personal favoritism. There is a temptation to load the State with "incumbencies," as they are called in the chnrch, or with "positions," as they are called in politics. To speak plainly, even if abruptly, a position in the University is a very desirable position to the scholar, the teacher, the gentleman. To the man who is imbued with the spirit of truth, letters, and science, a position in an University may be esteemed the highest satisfaction and opportunity that life may offer, security, permanence, and rest from anxiety, which are the conditions friendly to intellectual pursuits. It is peculiarly the field of the scholar. Such an one can be "let loose" in the University to do as he pleases. His presence, character, and influence, the light of his mind, beams like the sun and shines by its own light. But it is equally true, and to be spoken with frankness, though abruptly, that a position in the University is very attractive to the intellectual idler and the morally indifferent, whose activity requires little in- telligence, and yet less human sympathy, with noble studies. To such an one there are but thirty-eight weeks in the year, and the days are but six hours long. These may be rough things to say, but they are, nevertheless, true, and they form an important item in the administration of an University as pertains to its morale. In this respect the University should present a standard of intellectual and moral dignity, to which all might aspire as the spirit and pattern of all teaching and of all profound and worthy influences upon the common mind. In the University the people have much cause for sincere gratitude and cheerful hope. While there is much yet unde- veloped, the seeds of power have been planted and a new im- The University Present and Future. 359 pulse is beginning to be felt, an influence that shall give it rank among the first Institutions of the country and the world, if wisdom and public and private virtue shall preside over its destiny. Its situation on the mountain side, sloping toward the sea, commands a view of rare beauty and sublimity, such as exalted Mt. Zion in Hebrew imagination. The name of Berkeley is a prophetic felicity, realizing on this Western shore the finest conception of- human progress that ever dawned upon the mind of man expressed in the lines written more than a century ago: "Westward the course of empire takes its way ; The four first acts already past, A fifth shall close the drama with the day : Time's noblest offspring is the last." HORATIO STEBBINS. 360 The University of California. Magazine. DEFEAT AND I FARED FORTH. [This poem won the graduate verse prize of ten dollars.] Defeat and I fared forth. Anon he smote me sore. Going, I turned to gaze on home and household gods once more, And this and this I craved, and caught, with many a tear, Within my arms. Defeat said, "Leave them here." My friends ! My face lit up unwilled at sight of each ; Kind deeds and warmer words came back ; but now no speech Revoiced my hail. Each saw my guide and turned away. These looks askance outstung Defeat's red scourge that day. But bitterer still the jibes and taunts Defeat ne'er ceased To heap on me ; their truth their hurt ten-fold increased. This brutal torturer speak truth ? set me aright ? My friend ? I hated him the more let him still smite ! What time I brooding roved I looked not on Defeat. The leering eyes, scorn-shot, mine eyes cared not to meet, Till, one fair cherished day, the harsh tones smoothed. I took His words to heart and wept, then turned on him to look. The face was like the voice ; the sombre garb above, It rose in lines severe but fine ; the eyes, all love, Met mine. "Thou'rt not Defeat !" I cried. "Have thy way, child ; It may be thou hast met Success," he answered, mild. C. H. HARWOOD. 105 PAI5E5 THE LAN THE MAGAZINE OF CALIFORNIA AND THE WEST EDITED BY CHAS.F LUMM1S. 'CONSTANT READER." nun-blMjULAIimi GUUK 763460 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY