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 vy//:
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 LIFE OF COLONEL HUTCHINSON, 
 
 GOVERNOR OF NOTTINGHAM CASTLE AND TOWN, 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM IN THE LONG 
 
 PARLIAMENT, AND OF THE TOWN OF NOTTINGHAM IN THE 
 
 FIRST PARLIAMENT OF CHARLES II, ETC. 
 
 ORIGINAL ANECDOTES 
 
 OF MANY OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED OF HIS CONTEMPORARIES, 
 
 AND 
 
 SI g)umniarp Ke\jielu of ^^utiltc Mairs: 
 
 WRITTEN BY 
 
 HIS WIDOW LUCY, 
 
 DAUGHTER OF SIR ALLEN APSLEY, LIEUTENANT OF THE TOWER, ETC. 
 
 NOW FIRST PUBLISHED 
 
 FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT 
 By the Rev. JULIUS HUTCHINSON, 4'C. ^c. 
 
 TO WHICH IS PREFIXED 
 
 THE LIFE OF MRS. HUTCHINSON, WRITTEN BY HERSELF, 
 
 A FRAGMENT. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, AND ORME, PATERNOSTER ROW, 
 BY T. BENSLEY, BOLT COURT, FLEET STREET. 
 
 1806.
 
 StdCK 
 
 TO 
 
 5 
 
 O(o0 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS :2^^ 
 
 GEORGE, PRINCE OF WALES, 
 
 THESE MEMOIRS 
 
 ARE, 
 WITH PERMISSION, 
 
 HUMBLY DEDICATED, 
 
 IN TESTIMONY OF " 
 
 RESPECT FOR HIS EXALTED CHARACTER, 
 
 AND OF GRATITUDE FOR 
 HIS PAST AND PRESENT CONDESCENSIONS, 
 
 BY HIS MOST OBEDIENT 
 
 AND DEVOTED SERVANT, 
 
 THE EDITOR. 
 
 2C62U77
 
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 PREFACE. 
 
 It is conceived to be necessary, for the satisfaction of the Public, 
 to prefix to this work some account of the Manuscripts from which 
 it has been printed, and of the manner in which they came into the 
 hands of the Editor; which we shall accordingly do, interweaving 
 therewith such subsequent information as we have been able to col- 
 lect respecting the families and descendents of Colonel and Mrs. 
 Hutchinson. 
 
 The Memoirs of the Life of Col. Hutchinson had been seen by 
 many persons, as Avell as the editor, in the possession of the late 
 Thomas Hutchinson, Esq. of Owthorpe, in Nottinghamshire, and 
 of Hatfield Woodhall, in Hertfordshire ; and he had been frequently 
 golicited to permit them to be published, particularly by the late 
 Mrs. Catharine Maccaulay, but had uniformly refused. This gentle- 
 man dying without issue, the editor, his nephew, inherited some 
 part of his estates Avhich were left unsold, including his mansioji- 
 house of Hatfield Woodhall. In the library he found the followino- 
 books, written by Mrs. Lucy Hutchinson. 1st. The Life of Col. 
 Hutchinson. 2d. A book Avithout a title, but which appears to 
 have been a kind of diary made use of when she came to write the 
 Life of Col. Hutchinson. 3d. A Fragment, giving an account of 
 the early part of her own life. This book clearly appears to have 
 been Mrs. Hutchinson's first essay at composition, and contains, 
 besides the story of her life and family, several short copies of 
 verses, some finished, some unfinished, many of which are above 
 
 b
 
 11 
 
 mediocrity. And, 4tli. Two Books treating entirely of religious 
 subjects; in which, although the fancy may be rather too much in- 
 dulged, the iudgment still maintains the ascendancy and sentiments 
 of exalted piety, liberality and benevolence are delivered in terms 
 apposite, dignified, and perspicuous. 
 
 These Avorks had all been read, and marked in several places 
 with his initials, by Julius Hutchinson, Esq. of Owthorpe, the father 
 of the late Thomas Hutchinson, Esq. just mentioned, and son of 
 Charles Hutchinson, Esq. of Owthorpe, only son of Sir Thomas 
 Hutchinson by his second wife, the Lady Catharine Stanhope. 
 Lady Catharine Hutchinson lived to the age of 102, and is reported 
 to have retained her faculties to the end of her life.^ Some remarks 
 made by the above-mentioned Julius Hutchinson, which Avill be 
 found in their proper places in the body of the work, are declared 
 by him to have been communicated by his grandmother Lady Ca- 
 tharine ; and as this lady dwelt in splendor at Nottingham, and had 
 ample means of information; as there is only one instance wherein 
 the veracity of the biographer is at all called in question, and even 
 in this, it does not appear to the editor, and probably may not to 
 the reader, that there was sufficient ground for objection; the oppo- 
 sition and the acquiescence of her grandson and herself seem alike 
 to confirm the authenticity and faithfulness of the narrative. 
 
 There Avill be found annexed a pedigree of the family of Hutch- 
 inson, taken from a very handsome emblazoned genealogy in the 
 possession of the editoi', originally traced by Henry St. George, 
 King of Arms, and continued and embellished by Thomas Brand, 
 Esq. his majesty's writer and embellisher of letters to the eastern 
 princess, anno 1712. 
 
 This pedigree shews that Col. Hutchinson left four sons, of Avhich 
 the youngest only, John, left issue two sons; and there is a tradition 
 
 " The editor has a very fiue portrait of her, taken at the age of 90.
 
 in 
 
 in the famil}'^, that these two last descendants of Col. Hutchinson 
 emigrated, the one to the West Indies or America, the other to 
 Russia; the latter is said to have gone out with the command of a 
 ship of war given by Queen Anne to the Czar Peter, and to have 
 been lost at sea. One of the female descendants of the former the 
 editor once met with by accident at Portsmouth, and she spoke with 
 great warmth of the veneration in which his descendants in the new 
 world held the memory of their ancestor Col. Hutchinson. Of the 
 daughters little more is known than that IVIrs. Hutchinson, address- 
 ing one of her books of devotion to her daughter Mrs. Orgill, ascer- 
 tains that one of them Avas married to a gentleman of that name. 
 
 The family of Mr. George Hutchinson likewise became extinct in 
 the second o;eneration. 
 
 Charles Hutchinson, only son of Sir Thomas Hutchinson by Lady 
 Catharine Stanhope, married one of the daughters and coheiresses of 
 Sir Francis Boteler, of Hatfield Woodhall, Herts ; which family 
 being zealous royalists, and he solicitous to gain their favour, (which 
 he did so effectually, as in the end to obtain nearly their whole in- 
 heritance), it is probable that he gave small encouragement or as- 
 sistance to the elder branch of the family while they suffered for 
 their republican sentiments; on the contrary, it is certain that he 
 purchased of Mrs. Hutchinson and her son, after the death of Col. 
 Hutchinson, their estate at Owthorpe, Avhich joined to what his 
 father had given him, and what he obtained by his marriage, raised 
 him to more opulence than his father had ever possessed ; and he 
 seems not to have fallen short of him in popularity, for he repre- 
 sented the towne of Nottingham in parliament from the year 16'90, 
 (being the first general election after the accession of King William), 
 till his death. 
 
 His son Julius returned into that line of gonduct and connections 
 which was most natural for one of his descent, for he married Betty 
 Norton, descended by die father's side from the patriotic family of
 
 IV 
 
 that name in Hampshire, and by the molhei's from the Fiennes's. 
 He seems to have bestoAved a very rational and well-deserved atten- 
 tion upon the writings of Mrs. Hutcliinson, and there is a tradition 
 in the family, that although he had many children of his own, he 
 treated with kindness and liberality the last descendants of his uncle, 
 and assisted them with money to fit them out for their emigration. 
 The editor has seen a written memorandum of his, expressing his 
 regret at hearing no more of them after their departure. 
 
 From the circumstance of these, the only grandchildren of Col. 
 Hutchinson, standing in need of this pecuniary assistance, from the 
 mention Mrs. Hutchinson makes of her husband's debts, and from 
 an expression contained in that book Avhich she addresses to her 
 daughter Mrs. Orgill, desiring her not to despise her advice though 
 she sees her in adversity, it is highly probable that, even after sell- 
 ing her husband's estates, the sum to be divided left each member of 
 the family in strait circumstances. 
 
 The affection and well-merited esteem with which Mrs. Hutch- 
 inson speaks of her brother Sir Allen Apsley, will excite an interest 
 in the reader to know what became of him and his posterity; the 
 short pedigree subjoined will shew, that by two marriages, and by 
 the death of his grandson in his minority, the family of Apsley en- 
 tirely merged in the noble famil}' of Bathurst, who have adopted the 
 name Apsley as their second title; there are five or six of the family 
 of Apsley entombed in Westminster Abbey, near to the entrance of 
 Henry the Sevendi's Chapel. 
 
 Having traced the manuscript from the hands of the writer to 
 those of the editor, in such a inanner as to establish its authenticity 
 beyond all doubt; the next, and that not a less important point, is 
 to remove those objections which may be raised against the tendency 
 of a work of this nature, and to shew that the assumption of any evil 
 tendency is groundless. 
 
 That avowed predilection for a republican government, which is
 
 conspicuous in this history, as it was in the hves of the persons who 
 are the principal subjects of it, may perhaps give a momentary 
 alarum ; but a little reflection Avill dissipate it. At the time when 
 Col. Hutchinson first entered on the great theatre of life, the contest 
 was just begun between the partizans of the divine right of the 
 sovereign, and the indispensible obligation of the subject to passive 
 obedience and nonresistance, on one side; and the assertors of the 
 claims of the people to command, through their representatives, the 
 public purse, the freedom of debate in parliament, and the respon- 
 sibility of ministers, on the other. When the sword, the Ratio Ul- 
 tima Begum, the last appeal of kings, was resorted to by the former, 
 and the latter gained the victory, they very naturally adopted the 
 republican system, as concluding, that persons holding such opi- 
 nions as the princes of the House of Stuart and their adherents did, 
 would never concede to them their franchises, but with a full inten- 
 tion to resume them, whenever they should recover power enough to 
 attempt it with success. The event fully justified this *" conclusion, 
 and it is now evident to all, that the only thing which could ever 
 give this nation permanent tranquillity, and put an end to those 
 heartburnings Avhich either openly or covertly had existed even from 
 the lime of the Norman conquest, was an explicit compact between 
 king and people, which took its date indeed from the revolution in 
 1688, but obtained its consummation at the fortunate accession of 
 the house of 13runswick, Avhen the title of the monarch, and the 
 rights of the people, became identified and established on one com- 
 mon basis. Of this truly may be said, 
 
 Quod optanti Dlvii/n penniffere nemo 
 Auderet, xohcnda dies en attulit idtrd. 
 
 What to his vot'ry not a God dare promise, 
 Revolving- years spontaneously produc'd. 
 
 '' In the reigns of Charles II. aad James II.
 
 Vl 
 
 No one will pretend that such an occasion was within the reach 
 of human foresight; of course the only remedy then attainable was 
 applied to the disorder of the state. Upon a fair review of the 
 contest it will be seen that what the Tory and the Courtier of the 
 present day, the friend or even the flatterer of kingly power, admits 
 as axioms, were tlie grand desiderata of the Whig and the Patriot 
 of those times, and that what Mere then cried out upon as daring 
 encroachments now pass as the most moderate and unquestioned 
 claims. Not to deceive ourselves then with words, nor atUich our 
 minds to names instead of things, although the government under 
 which we prosper be termed Imperial; yet the greater part of the 
 legislative power resting with the people, and the executive being 
 vested in a chief magistrate, Avho is under so many limitations that 
 he seems placed in that situation very much more for the connnon 
 weal, the public benefit, than his own ease or advantage, it must 
 be allowed to come up to Col. Hutchinson's favourite idea of a re- 
 public for all beneficial purposes, and would assuredly be not less 
 acceptable to him, for that the hereditary succession would be found 
 to repress that effervescence of individual ambition which it was the 
 study and the labour of his life to keep down. Possessing himself, 
 but finding not in others, the virtue worthy of and essential to a 
 republic, he would gladly have taken shelter vmder a well-limited 
 monarchy, and of such a one he would unquestionably have been a 
 loyal subject, a vigorous assertor. 
 
 The Puritanism which appears in the story, and actuated the 
 conduct of Col. Hutchinson all through life, may be accounted for 
 on almost a similar ground with his predilection for a republic. 
 
 The puritanic turn of thought and stile of expression had been 
 adopted by the vindicators of religious freedom and right of enquiry, 
 with whom the champions of civil liberty naturally made common 
 cause. Divinity as a science was a study then in vogue, and seems 
 to have tinctured the conversation and writings of the greater part
 
 VI 1 
 
 of society./ In this Mr. Hutchinson had been encouraged by his 
 father, Avhose library subsisted at his family seat of Owthorpe till 
 about the year 1775, and contained a vast number of folio volumes 
 of polemical divinity. A study environed with many dangers! and 
 which led Col. Hutchinson into whatever errors he was guilty of. 
 On another hand the ministers of the established church in those 
 times preached up the prerogative in all its extravagance, and en- 
 deavoured to establish jointly and inseparably implicit faith in, and 
 unqualified obedience to, the church and king (still giving the 
 church the precedency); whilst the laymen of their party practised, 
 and even professed, a total dissoluteness of life: so that those who 
 were slaves in principle were libertines in practice; while those 
 Avho Avere deemed rebels by the' court, and lalitudinarians by the 
 liierarch}^ were rigorists in religion and moralit3^ 
 
 This contrariety produced a constant and incessant opposition, 
 augmented the vehemence of antipathy, fortified prejudice, and 
 seemed almost to justify bigotry.'' But from this (bigotry) we are 
 bound to exculpate Col. Hutchinson. The Independents, to whose 
 party, if a man of so much candour and liberality can be said to be 
 of any party, he belonged, proceeded upon that principle, which, 
 however general soever it ought to be, is however unfortunately very 
 uncommon, of allowing to all that liberty of conscience they de- 
 manded for themselves. Accordingly they began by desiring only 
 an act ' to be passed " for taking away all coercive power, authority, 
 
 •■ From the practice of dragging religion or religious phraseologj' into the service 
 of politics none, not even the king, was exempt, who, making a speech to his small 
 army in the year lG42, to animate them, tells them they will have none to encounter 
 but rebels, most of them Brozcnists, Anahapthts, and Jl/tcisls! wlio would destroy both 
 church and commonwealth. 
 
 * The flower of the French democrats avoided all such inconsistency and paradox ' "^ 
 by discarding at once their king, their God, and their morality. 
 
 ' Articles of the army, Rashworth, vol. vii. p. 731.
 
 VIU 
 
 " and jurisdiction, from bishops, extending to civil penalties, &c." 
 It was not till after they saw the extreme pertinaciousness of the 
 king to retain the bishops as instruments at a future opportunity to 
 remount his system of arbitrary sway, and that " the prelatical 
 " party about him prevailed with him to refuse an accommodation, 
 " and hazard his crown and life, rather than diminish their great- 
 " ness and power to persecute others," that they insisted on the 
 abolition of the order/ It was quite a different party, that of the 
 rigid Presbyterians, and peculiarly their ministers, " who cried out 
 " against the tyranny of the bishops only that they might get the 
 " power into their own hands, and, without the name, might exer- 
 " cise the authority ^ of popes." That, instead of this power being 
 irrevocably and immoveably established over us, we are now go- 
 verned by the mildest church discipline in the universe, Ave owe 
 to these Independents! Col. Hutchinson in particular, if he had 
 lived in times like ours, " when bishops and ministers desire only to 
 " be helpers,'' not lords over the consciences of God's people," would 
 either have been a conforming member of the church of England, 
 or at most have only dissented from it in few things, and that Avith 
 modesty and moderation. For it is Avell worthy of notice that, after 
 having suffered provocation and persecution from catholic, episco- 
 palian, and presbyterian, when power came into his own hands, he 
 treated all Avith lenity, and to the Avorthy persons of all sects and 
 parties extended his protection. 
 
 We have next to consider a part of the conduct of Col. Plutch- 
 inson which will be the most generally blamed, and is the least 
 capable of defence, the condemnation of Charles the First. To 
 
 f The words of Whitelock, p. 340, where he regrets that the king's chaplains pre- 
 vailed with him beyond the parliament's commissioners or his own judgment. 
 
 6 Vide Letter of Irving laird of Drum, and his appeal to Col. Overton, Whitelock, 
 p. .526. 
 
 '' Words of Cromwell in his letter to Scots ministers, Whitelock, p. 473.
 
 IX 
 
 speak of the justice of such a measure in a legal point of view would 
 be a mockery; nothing but the breaking up of the very foundations 
 of the state, and a war of its elements, could let in the possibility 
 of such a procedure. Amidst the tempest and darknesss Avhich dicu 
 involved the whole political horizon, it savours of presumption to 
 decide what measures were right, expedient, or even necessary: 
 this much alone may safely be asserted, that the king and his 
 friends during the contest, and still more after it was virtually ended 
 by the battle of Naseby, maintained such a conduct as rendered his 
 destruction inevitable: but the remark of Whitelock, p. 363, seems 
 no less just than ingenious; " that such an irregular and unheard of 
 " business should have been left to that irregular set of men, the 
 *' army, Avho urged it on." They however were determined to throw 
 the odium on others, or at least draw others in to share it. 
 
 Be it as it may, though some may blame, many more will pity, 
 a man such as Col. Hutchinson, Avho found or conceived himself 
 reduced to the cruel alternative of permitting all that system of 
 liberty, civil and religious, to the establishment of which he had 
 ■devoted all his faculties, and was ready to sacrifice his existence, 
 to be risqued upon the good faith of a man Avhose misfortune it was 
 (to say no Avorse) to be environed by designing and ambitious per- 
 sons, who rendered all his virtues abortive, and made all afraid to 
 trust him, or of signing a sentence which has since been called a 
 murder, and the undergoing it a martyrdom ! At any rate it Avould 
 be highly ungracious and ungrateful in us, Avhile Ave enjoy in our 
 well-balanced constitution the benefits derived to us from the virtue, 
 the energy, the sufferings, and even the faults of our ancestors, to 
 pass a severe censure on their conduct: for it Avill hardly be denied 
 that the remembrance of his father's fate influenced James the 
 Second to yield so easy and bloodless a victory to his opponents, 
 and leave them to settle the constitution amidst calm and sober 
 councils. On the contrary, we are bound to ascribe many of the
 
 X 
 
 oversights of those first founders of our liberties to a precipitancy 
 forced on them by urgent circumstances, to cast a veil over their 
 imperfections, and cherish their memory with thankfulness. 
 
 So much having been said for the purpose of obviating misap- 
 prehension as to the effect of this work, it may be further expected 
 that some merit or utility should be shewn, to justify the Editor in 
 presenting it to the public notice. Being not the child of his brain 
 and fancy, but of his adoption and judgment, he may be supposed 
 to view it with so much the less partiality, and allowed to speak of 
 it with so much the more fi'eedom. 
 
 The only ends for which any book can reasonably be published 
 are to inform, to amuse, or to imi)rove: but unless many persons 
 of highly reputed judgment are mistaken as well as ourselves, this 
 work will be found to attain all three of them. In point of amuse- 
 ment, perhaps novelty or curiosity holds the foremost rank; and 
 surely we risque little in saying that a history of a period the most 
 remarkable in the British annals, written one hundred and fifty years 
 ago by a lady, of elevated birth, of a most comprehensive and highly 
 cultivated mind, herself a witness of many of the scenes she de- 
 scribes, and active in several of them, is a literary curiosity of no 
 mean sort. 
 
 As to information, although there are many histories of the same 
 period, there is not one that is generally considered satisfactory; 
 most of them carry evident marks of prejudice or partiality; nor 
 were any of those which are now read written at or near the time, 
 or by persons who had an opportunity of being Avell acquainted 
 with what was passing, except that of Clarendon. But any one who 
 should take the pains, which the Editor has done, to examine Cla- 
 rendons State Papers, would find therein documents much better 
 calculated to support Mrs. Hutchinson's representation of affairs 
 than that which he himself has given. Mrs. Hutchinson writing 
 from a motive which will very seldom be found to induce any one
 
 XI 
 
 to take so much trouble, that of giving her children, and especially 
 her eldest son, then about to enter on the stage of life, a true 
 notion of those eventful scenes which had just been passing before 
 her eyes, and Avhich she well judged must be followed by others not 
 less interesting to the same cause and persons, will surely be thought 
 to have possessed both the means and the inclination to paint with 
 truth and correctness: in effect she Avill be seen to exhibit such a 
 faithful, natural, and lively picture, of the public mind and man- 
 ners, taken sometimes in larger, sometimes in smaller groupcs, as 
 will give a more satisfactory idea to an observant reader than he 
 will any where else discover. He Avill be further pleased to see 
 avoided the most common error of historians, that of displaying the 
 paradoxical and the marvellous, both in persons and things. But 
 surely the use of history being to instruct the present and future 
 ages by the experience of the past, nothing can be more absurd 
 than a wish to excite and leave the reader in astonishment, which 
 instead of assisting, can only confound his judgment. Mrs. Hutch- 
 inson, on the contrary, has made it her business, and that very suc- 
 cessfully, to account by common and easy causes for many of those 
 actions and effects which others have left unaccounted for, and only 
 to be gazed at in unmeaning wonder; or, in attempting to account 
 for them, have employed vain subtility or groundless conjecture. 
 She has likewise not merely described the parties in the state by their 
 general character, but delineated them in their minute ramijicatiomy 
 and thus enabled us to trace the springs, and discover the reason- 
 ableness, of many of those proceedings which had hitherto seemed 
 incongruous and inconsistent. 
 
 Many of these instances will be pointed out in the notes as the 
 passages arise : at present we will only observe that some very signal 
 ones will be found, pages 57, GQ, ?1, 81, 130, 143, 199, 201, 204, 
 250, 263, 266—8, 273, 275, 286, 298, 300, 303, 310, 313, 323—5, 
 330, 343, 345, 352, 357, 359.
 
 Xll 
 
 But the greater merit shall appear in this^ work as a history, 
 the greater will be the regret that the writer did not dedicate more 
 of her atleution to render it complete and full, instead of sum- 
 mary. 
 
 However, the most numerous class of readers are the lovers of 
 biograpl\V) and to these it has of late been the practice- of historians 
 to address themselves, as Ljttleton in his Life of Henry the Second, 
 Robinson of Charles the Fifth, Roscoe of Leo the Tenth, and many 
 minor writers. Perhaps the prevalence of this predilection may be 
 traced to the circumstance of the reader's thus feeling himself to be, 
 as it were, a party in the transactions which are recounted. A per- 
 son of this taste will, it is hoped, here have his wishes completely 
 gratified : for he will, in fancy, have lived in times, and witnessed 
 scenes the most interesting that can be imagined to the human 
 mind, especially the mind of an Englishman; he will have converst 
 Avith persons the most celebrated and extraordinary, whom one 
 party represent as heroes and demigods, the other as demons, but 
 whom, having had opportunity to vieAV close at hand, he will judge 
 to have been truly great men, and to have carried at once to a 
 high degree of perfection the characters of the warrior, the poli- 
 tician, the legislfitor, and the philosopher; yet to have had their 
 great qualifications alloyed by such failings, and principally the 
 Avant of moderation, as defeated their grand designs. He will have 
 accompanied the Hero of the Tale, not only through all the ages of 
 life, but through almost every situation in society, from the lowest 
 that can become noticeable, which Mrs. Hutchinson calls the even 
 ground of a gentleman; to the highest which his principles permitted 
 him to aspire to, that of a counsellor of state, in a large and 
 flourishing republic ; he will have seen him mark each with the ex- 
 ercise of its appropriate grace or virtue, and so completely to have 
 adapted himself to each department, as to appear always to move in 
 the sphere most natural to him: and, finally, to have maintained so
 
 xni 
 
 steady a course through all the vicissitudes of prosperity and adver- 
 sity, as enabled him, though he could neither control the conduct 
 of his coadjutors, nor stem the fluctuating tides of fortune or popu- 
 lar opinion, 3'^et to preserve for himself not only the great and inex- 
 haustible resource of a good conscience, but even the unanimous 
 esteem of the Great Assembly of the Nation, when they agreed in 
 no other thing : he will no doubt be sensible that such a character 
 is rare, but he will perceive such a consistency and harmony of parts 
 as to make him deem the^ whole easy of belief, and conclude that 
 such an one would be even more difficult to feign than to find: he 
 will hence be led to concur with us in asserting, that it is much more 
 efficacious and conducive to improvement and to the advancement 
 of morality thus to hold ibrlh a great example in Teal life, and to 
 elicit principle from practice, than first to feign a sentiment, and 
 then actions and events to support it, as has been done both by an- 
 cients and moderns, from the Hercules of Prodicus to the Grandison 
 of Richardson. Nor has the skill and attention of our author been 
 confined to the pourtraying of her principal character, she has 
 equally succeeded in the delineation of the subordinate ones ; so 
 that Avhenever their speeches or actions are brought afresh before our 
 view, we need not that they should be named in order to recognize 
 the personage; and both in this department, and in that of the deve- 
 lopment of the intrigues which she occasionally lays open to us, we 
 shall acknowledge the advantage of her adding to the vigour of a 
 masculine understanding, the nice feeling and discrimination, the 
 delicate touch of the pencil of a. female. 
 
 As to the stile and phraseology, there are so few prose writinos 
 of a prior or coeval date now read, that we should be at a loss to 
 point out any which could have served her for models, or us for a 
 standard of comparison ; nor docs it so much appear to us to bear 
 the stamp of any particular age, as by its simplicity, significancj'-, 
 and propriety, to be worthy of imitation in all times. Some ex-
 
 XIV 
 
 pressions will be found that are uncommon, or used in an uncom- 
 mon sense, but they are such as are justified by classical propriety, 
 and, had her book been published, would probably have been 
 adopted and brought into general use. 
 
 The orthography was in Mrs. Hutchinson's time in a most un- 
 settled state, and she herself varies it so frequently, that it many 
 times differs within the same page, and even the same sentence, we 
 have contented ourselves Avith following her in it literally. 
 
 We conclude with expressing a confident hope that the public 
 will find this memoir to be such as we first announced it, a faithful 
 image of the mode of thinking in those days of which it treats, an 
 interesting and new specimen of private and public character, of 
 general and individual biography, and that recommended as it 
 comes by clearness of discernment, strength and candour of judg- 
 ment, simplicity and perspicuity of narrative, pure, amiable, and 
 christian morality, sentiments at once tender and elevated, conveyed 
 in language elegant, expressive, and classical, occasionally embel- 
 lished with apposite, impressive, and well supported figures, it will 
 be found to afford instruction to every class of readers. 
 
 The ladies will feel that it carries with it all the interest of a novel, 
 strengthened with the authenticity of real history; they will no doubt 
 feel an additional satisfaction in learning, that though the author 
 added to the erudition of the scliolar, the research of the philoso- 
 pher, the politician, and even the divine, the zeal and magnanimity 
 of a patriot; yet she descended from all these elevations to perform, 
 in the most exemplary manner, the functions of a wife, a mother, 
 and mistress of a famil3\
 
 fiihli'jhni ly I.i'miauui. Hurst. fUt^. t- Ormr. tiilemiX^Irr Htir. StjnTt.tdo6-
 
 THE 
 
 LIFE OF MRS. LUCY HUTCHINSON, 
 
 WRITTEN BY HERSELF. 
 
 A FRAGMENT. 
 
 1 II E Almighty Author of all beings,' in his various providences, 
 whereby he conducts the lives of men from the cradle to the tomb, 
 exercises no lesse wisdbme and goodnesse then he manifests power 
 and greatnesse in their creation, but such is the stupidity of blind 
 mortalls that insteed of employing their studies in these admirable 
 bookes of providence, wherein God dayly exhibitts to us glorious 
 characters of his love, kindnesse, wisdome, and iustice, they ungrate- 
 fully regard them not, and call the most Avonderfull operations of 
 the greate God the common accidents of humane life, specially 
 if they be such as are usuall, and exercised towards them in ages 
 wherein they are not very capable of observation, and whereon they 
 seldome employ any reflexion; for in things greate and extraordinary 
 
 ' That noble turn of thought which led Mrs. Hutchinson to open her work with 
 thanks to her Maker, instead of apologies to the readers, besides the claim it has to 
 their respect instead of their indulgence, will probably, by its originality, recommend 
 itself, and prevent the distaste which the air of religion, it wears, might give to many, 
 in times when it is so little in fashion. It should be born in mind that the usasre of 
 the times in which it was written was so very different from the present, that those 
 who wish to read with pleasure the works then written, will do well to set their taste 
 according to that standard. 
 
 Through the whole of both these works moral and religious reflections will be seen 
 to abound, but so as neither to confuse nor fetter, but rather elevate the mind.
 
 2 
 
 some perhaps will take notice of God's working, avIio either forgett 
 or believe not that he takes as Avell a care and account of their 
 smallest concernments, even the haires of their heads. 
 
 rinding mysclfe in some kind guilty of this general! neglect, I 
 thought it might be a meanes to stirre up mj thankefulnesse for 
 things past, and to encourage my faith for the future, if I recollected, 
 as much as I have heard or can remember, of the passages of my 
 youth, and the generall and particular providences exercis'd to me, 
 both in the entrance and progresse of my life. Herein I meete Avith 
 so many speciall indulgences as require a distinct consideration, they 
 being all of them to be regarded as talents intrusted to my emproove- 
 ment for God's glory. The parents by whom I receiv'd my life, 
 the places where I began and continued it, the time when I was 
 brouo'ht forth to be a wittnesse of God's wonderfull workings in the 
 earlli, the rank that Avas given me in my generation, and the advan- 
 tages I receiv'd in my person, each of them carries allong with it 
 many mercies -which are above my utterance, and as they give me 
 infinite cause of glorifying God's goodnesse, so I cannot reflect on 
 them without' dcepe humiliation for the small emproovement I have 
 made of so rich a stock; which that I may yet by God's grace better 
 employ, I shall recall and seriously ponder: and first, as farre as I 
 have since learnt, sett downe the condition of things in the place of 
 my nativity at that time when. I was sent into the world. It was on 
 the 29"" day of January, in the yeare of our Lord l6^|, that in the 
 Tower of London, the principall cilie of the English Isle ; I was 
 about 4 of the clock in the morning brought forth to behold the 
 ensuing light. My father was Sr. Allen Apsley, leiftenant of the 
 Tower of London ; my mother, his third Avife, was Lucy, the youngest 
 daughter of Sr. John St. John, of Lidiard Tregoz, in Wiltshire, by 
 his second wife. My father had then living a sonne and a daughter 
 by his former wives, and by my mother three sonns, I being her 
 eldest daughter. The land was then att peace, (it being towards the
 
 latter end of the reigne of king James) if that quiettnesse may be 
 call'd a peace, which was rather like the cahne and smooth surface 
 of the sea, whose darke Avomb is allready impregnated of a liorrid 
 tempest. 
 
 Whoever considers England," will find itt no small favour of God 
 to have bene made one of its natives, both upon spirituall and out- 
 ward accounts. The happinesse of the sojle and ayre contribute all 
 things that ai'e necessary to the use or delight of man's life. The 
 celebrated glory of this isle's inhabitants, ever since they received a 
 mention in history, conferrs some honor upon every one of her chil- 
 dren, and with it an obligation to continue in that magnanimitie 
 and virtue, which hath fam'd this island, and rays'd her head in 
 glory, higher then the greate kingdomes of the neighbouring conti- 
 nent. Brittaine hath bene as a garden enclosed, wherein all things 
 that man can wish, to make a pleasant life, are planted and grow in 
 her owne soyle, and whatsoever forreigne countries yield to encrease 
 admiration and delight, are brought in by her fleetes. The people, 
 by the plenty of their country, not being forc'd to toyle for bread, 
 have ever addicted themselfes to more generous employments, and 
 bene reckoned, allmost in all ages, as valliant Avarriours as any part 
 of the world sent forth : insomuch that the greatest Roman captaines 
 thought it not unAvorthy of their expeditions, and tooke greate glory 
 in triumphs for unperfect conquests. Lucan upbraids Julius Caesar 
 for returning hence Avith a repulse, and 'tAvas 200 yeares before the 
 land could be reduc'd into a Roman province, Avhich att length Avas 
 done, and such of the nation, then call'd Picts, as scorn'd servitude, 
 Avere driven into the barren country of Scotland, Avhere they have 
 ever since remain'd a perpetuall trouble to the successive inhabi- 
 
 •> If Mrs. Hutchinson in descanting upon the advantages of her native country, 
 and giving almost an epitome of its history, should seem to digress a little too 
 much, it is hoped the reader will find beauty and singularity in her sketch sufficient 
 to excuse it.
 
 4 
 
 tants of this place. The Britlaincs that thought it belter to worke 
 for their conciuerors in a good land, then to have the freedom to 
 sterve in a cold and barren quarter, were by degrees fetcht away, 
 and wasted in the civill broyles of these Roman lords, till the land, 
 allmost depopulated, lay open to the incursions of every borderer, 
 and were forc'd to call a stout warlike people, the Saxons, out of 
 Germany, to their assistance. These willingly came at their call, 
 but were not so easily sent out againe, nor perswaded lo lett their 
 hosts inhabite with them, for they drove the Brittaines into the 
 mountaines of Wales, and seated themselves in those pleasant coun- 
 tries which from the new masters receiv'd a new name, and ever 
 since retain'd it, being call'd England ; on which the Avarlike Dane 
 made many attempts, with various successe, but after about 2 or 300 
 yeares vaine contest, they were for ever driven out, Avith shame and 
 losse, and the Saxon Heptarchie melted into a monarchic, Avhich 
 continued till the superstitious prince, who Avas sainted for his un- 
 godly chastilie, left an emptie throne to him that could seize it. 
 He who first set up his standard in it, could not hold it, but Avith 
 his life left it againe for the Norman usurper, Avho partly by violence, 
 partly by falshood, layd here the foundation of his monarchic, in 
 the people's blood, in Avhich it hath sAvom about 500 yeares, till the 
 flood that bore it Avas ploAv'd into such deepe furroAvs as had allmost 
 sunke the proud vessell. Of those Saxons that remain'd subjects to 
 the Noiman conqueror, my father's famely descended; of those 
 Normans that came in Avith him, my mother's Avas derived; both of 
 them, as all the rest in England, contracting such affinity, by mu- 
 tuall marriages, that the distinction remain'd but a short space; Nor- 
 mans and Saxons becoming one people, Avho by their vallour grcAve 
 terrible to all the neighbouring princes, and have not only bravely 
 quitted themselves in their OAvne defence, but have shew'd abroad, 
 hoAv easily they could subdue the Avorld, if they did not preferre the 
 quiett enioyment of their OAvne part above the conquest of the Avhole.
 
 Better lawes and a happier constitution of governement no na- 
 tion ever enioy'd, it being a mixture of monarchy, aristocratic, and 
 democracy, Avith sufficient fences against the pest of every one of 
 those formes, tiranny, faction, and confusion ; yett is it not possible 
 for man to devize such iust and excellent bounds, as Avill keepe in 
 wild ambition, when prince's flatterers encourage that beast to breake 
 his fence, which it hath often done, with miserable consequences 
 both to the prince and people : but could never in any age so tread 
 downe popular liberty, but that it rose againe with renewed vigor, 
 till at length it trod on those that trampled it before. And in the 
 iust bounds wherein our kings Avere so Avell hedged in, the surround- 
 ing princes have with terror sene the reproofe of their usurpations 
 over their free brethren, Avhom they rule rather as slaves tlien sub- 
 iects, and are only serv'd for feare, but not for love ; A\diereas this 
 people have ever bene as afectionate to good as unpliable to bad 
 
 soveraignes. 
 
 Nor is it only vallour and generosity that renoAvne this nation ; 
 in arts A\'ee have advanc'd equall to our neighbors, and in those 
 that are most excellent, exceeded them. The Avorld hath not 
 yeilded men more famous in navigation, nor ships better built or 
 furnisht. Agriculture is as ingeniously practis'd : the English 
 archery Avere the terror of Christendome, and their clothes the or- 
 nament : but these Ioav things bounded not their greate spiritts, in 
 all ages it hath yeilded men as famous in all kinds of learning, as 
 Greece or Italy can boast of. 
 
 And to compleate the crowne of all their glorie, reflected from 
 the lustre of their ingenuity, vallour, Avitt, learning, iustice, Avealth, 
 and bounty, their pietie and devotion to God, and his Avorship, 
 hath made them one of the most truly noble nations in the Christian 
 Avorld. God having as it Avere enclosed a people here, out of the 
 wast common of the Avorld, to serve him with a pure and undefiled 
 worship. Lucius the Brittish king was one of the first monarchs of
 
 the earth that received the faith of Christ into his heart and kingdome : 
 llenrie the eighth, the first prince that broke the antichristian yoake 
 of from his owne and his subiects necks. Here it was that the first 
 Christian emperor received his crowne : Here began the early dawne 
 of gospell hght, by Wickhffe and other faithful wittnesses, Avhom God 
 rays'd up after the black and horrid midnight of antichristianisme, 
 and a more plentifull harvest of devout confessors, constant mar- 
 tirs, and holy worshippers of God, hath not growne in any field of 
 the church, throughout all ages, then those Avhom God hath here 
 glorified his name and gospell by. Yett hath not this wheate bene 
 without its tares, God in comparison with other countries hath made 
 this as a paradice, so, to compleate the parallell, the serpent hath in 
 all times bene busy to seduce, and not unsuccessefull, ever stirring 
 up opposers to the infant truths of Christ. 
 
 No sooner was the faith of Christ embrac'd in this nation, but 
 the neighbouring heathens invaded the innocent Christians, and 
 slaughtei"'d multitudes of them ; and when, by the mercy of God, 
 the conquering Pagans were afterwards converted, and that there 
 Avere none left to opose the name of Christ with open hostillity; 
 then the subtile serpent putt of his owne horrid appearance, and 
 comes out in a Christian dresse, to persecute Christ in his poore 
 prophetts, that bore Avittnesse against the corruption of the times. 
 This intestine quarrell hath bene more successefuU to the devill, and 
 more aflictive to the church then all open Avarres, and, I feare, a\ ill 
 never happily be decided, till the Prince of Peace come to con- 
 clude the controversie, which att the time of my birth Avas Avorking 
 up into that tempest, wherin I have shar'd many perills, many feares, 
 and many sorroAvs, and many more mercies, consolations and pre- 
 servations, Avhich I shall have occasion to mention in other places. 
 
 From the place of my birth I shall only desire to remember the 
 goodnesse of the Lord Avho hath caused my lolt to fall in a good 
 ground, Avho hath fed me in a pleasant pasture Avhere the Avell-
 
 / 
 
 springs of life flow to all that desire to driiike of tlieni. And this is 
 no small favour, if I consider how many poore people perish amono- 
 the heathen, where ikey never heare the name of Christ; how many 
 poore Christians spring up in countries enslav'd by Turkish and 
 antichristian tirants, whose soules and bodies languish under miser- 
 able slavery. None knowes what mercy 'tis to live under a good and 
 ■wholsome law, that have not consider'd the sad condition of beinei: 
 subject to the will of an unlimited man, and surely 'tis too universall 
 a sin in this nation, that the common mercies of God to the Avhole 
 land, are so slightly regarded and so unconsideralely past over ; cer- 
 tainely these are circumstances which much magnifie God's loving- 
 kindnesse and his speciall favor to all that are of English birth, and 
 call for a greater returne of duty from us then from all other people 
 of the world. 
 
 Nor is the place only, but the time of my comming into the world 
 a considerable mercy to me. It was not in the midnight of poperie, 
 nor in the dawne of the gospell's restored day, when light and 
 shades were blended and almost undislinguisht, but when the Sun 
 of truth was exalted in his progresse and hastening towards a meri- 
 dian glory. It was indeed early in the morning, God being pleased 
 to allow me the privelledge of beholding the admirable growth of 
 gospell light in my dayes: and oh! that my soule may never foi'gett 
 to blesse and prayse his name for the wonders of power and good- 
 nesse, Avisdome and truth, which have bene manifested in this my 
 time. 
 
 The next blessing I have to consider in my nativity is my pa- 
 rents, both of them pious and vertuous in their owne conversation, 
 and carefull instructors of my youth, not only by precept but 
 example. Which if I had leizure and abillity, I should have trans- 
 mitted to my posterity, both to give them the honor due from me 
 in such a gratefull memoriall, and to encrease my children's era- 
 proovement of the patterns they sett them ; but since I shall detract
 
 8 
 
 from those I would celebrate, by my imperfect commemorations, I 
 shall content myselfe to summe up some few things for my owne use, 
 and let the rest alone, which I either knew not, or have forgotten, 
 or cannot worthyly expresse. 
 
 My grandfather by the father's side was a gentleman of a com- 
 petent estate, about 7 or 800/. a yeare, in Sussex. He being 
 descended of a younger house, had his residence att a place called 
 Pulborough ; the tamely out of which he came was an Apsley of 
 Apsley, a towne Avhere they had bene seated before the conquest, 
 and ever since continued, till of late the last heire male of that 
 eldest house, being the sonne of Sr. Edward Apsley, is dead without 
 issue, and his estate gone with his sister s daughters into other fame- 
 lies. Particularities concerning my father's kindred or country, I 
 never knew much of, by reason of my youth, at the time of his 
 death, and my education in farre distant places, only in generall I 
 have heard, that ray grandfather was a man well reputed and l)e- 
 loved in his country, and that it had bene such a continued custome 
 for my ancestors to take wives att home, that there was not scarce a 
 famely of any note in Sussex, to which they were not by inter- 
 marriages neerely related ; but I was myselfe a stranger to them all, 
 except my Lord Goring, who living att court, I have sene Avith my 
 father, and heard of him, because he was appoynted one of my 
 father's executors, though he declin'd the trouble. My grand- 
 father had seven sonns, of which my father was the youngest: to 
 the eldest he gave his whole estate, and to the rest, according to the 
 custome of those times, slight annuities. The eldest brother married 
 to a gentlewoman of a good famely, and by her had only one sonne, 
 whose mother dying, my uncle mamed himselfe againe to one of 
 his own maides, and by her had three more sons, whom, with 
 their mother, my cousin William Apsley, the sonne of the first wife, 
 held in such contempt, that a greate while after, dying without 
 children, he gave his estate of inheritance to my father, and two of
 
 9 
 
 my brothers, except about 100/. a yeare to the eldest of his halfe 
 brothers, and annuities of 30/. a piece to the 3 for tlieir Uves. He 
 died before I vvas borne, but I have heard very honorable mention of 
 him in our famely ; the rest of my father's brothers went into the 
 -warres in Ireland and the Low Countries, and there remain'd none 
 of them, nor their issues when I was born, but only three daughters 
 who bestowed themselves meanely, and their generations are worne 
 out except two or three unregarded children. My father att the death 
 of ray grandfather being but a youth att schoole had not patience to 
 stay the perfecting of his studies, but putt himselfe into present 
 action, sold his annuitie, bought hhnselfe good clothes, put some 
 mony in his purse, and came to London ; and by meanes of a relation 
 at court, got a place in the household of Queenc Elizabeth, where 
 he behav'd himselfe so that he won the love of many of the court; 
 but being young tooke an affection to gaming, and spent most of 
 the mony he had in his purse. About that time the Earle of Essex 
 was setting forth for Cales voyage, and my father, that had a mind 
 to quitt his idle court life, procured an employment from the Vic- 
 tuallar of the Navie, to goc allong with that fleete. In which voyage 
 he demean'd himselfe with so much courage and prudence, that 
 after his returne he Avas honor'd with a very noble and profitable 
 employment in Ireland. There a rich widow that had many chil- 
 dren cast her affections upon him, and he married her ; but she not 
 living many yeares with him, and having no children by him, 
 after her death he distributed all her estate among her children, for 
 whom he ever preserv'd a fatherly kindnesse, and some of her grand- 
 children were brought up in his house after I was borne. He, by 
 God's blessing, and his fidellity and industry, growing in estate and 
 honor, receiv'd a knighthood from King James soone after his 
 coming to the crowne, for some eminent service done to him in 
 Ireland, which having only heard in my childhood, I cannot per- 
 fectly sett downe. After that growing into a familliarity Avith 
 
 c
 
 10 
 
 Sr. George Carew, made now by the King Earle of Tolnesse, a 
 niece of this earls, the daughter of Sr. Peter Carew, who Uv'd a 
 young widow in her uncle's house, fell in love Avith him, which her 
 uncle perceiving, procur'd a marriage betweene them. She had 
 divers children by my father, but only two of them, a sonne and 
 daughter, survived her, Avho died whilst my father was absent from 
 her in Ireland. He led all the time of his .Aviddowhood a very dis- 
 consolate life, carefull for nothing in the Avorld but to educate and 
 advance the sonne and daughter, the deare pledges she had left 
 him, for Avhose sake he quitted himselfe of his employments abroad, 
 and procur'd himselfe the office of Victualler of the Navie, a place 
 then both of credit and greate revenue. His friends, considering 
 his solitude, had procur'd him a match of a very rich widdow, who 
 was a lady of as much discretion as wealth ; but while he was upon 
 this designe he chanc'd to see my mother, att the house of Sr. William 
 St. John, who had married her elder sister, and though he went on 
 his iourney, yett something in her person and behaviour, he carried 
 allong with him, Avhich would not lett him accomplish it, but brought 
 him back to my mother. She was of a noble famely, being the 
 youngest daughter of Sr. John St. John, of Lidiar Tregoz, in the 
 county of Willz; her father and mother died when she Avas not 
 above five yeares of age, and yet at her nurses, from Avhence she Avas 
 carried to be brought up in the house of the Lord Grandison, her 
 father's younger brother, an honorable and excellent person, but 
 married to a lady so iealous of him, and so illnatured in her iealous 
 fitts, to any thing that Avas related to him, that her cruelties to my 
 mother exceeded the stories of stepmothers : the rest of my aunts, 
 my mother's sisters, Avere disperst to severall places, Avhere they 
 grcAV up till my uncle Sr. John St. John being married to the daughter 
 of Sr. Thomas Latcn, they were all againc brought home to their 
 brother's house. There Avere not in those days so many beautifull 
 women found in any famely as these, but my mother Avas by the 
 most iudgements prefere'd before all lier elder sisters, Avho, some-
 
 11 
 
 thing envious att it, us'd her unkindly, yett all the suiters that came 
 lo them, still turned their addresses to her, which she in her youth- 
 ful innocency neglected, till one of greater name, estate, and repu- 
 tation then the rest, hapncd to fall deepl}' in love with her, and to 
 manage it so discretely, that my mother could not but entertaine 
 him, and my uncle's wife, Avho had a mother's kindnesse for her, 
 persAvaded her to remoove herselfe from her sisters envie, by going 
 along with her to Isle of Jernsey, where her father was governor ; 
 which she did, and there went into the towne, and boarded in a 
 French minister's house, to learne the languao-e, that minister havina: 
 bene, by the persecution in France, driven to seeke his shelter there. 
 Contracting a deare friendship with this holy man and his Avife, she 
 was instructed in their Geneva discipline, Avhich she liked so much 
 better then our more superstitious service, that she could have 
 bene contented to have liv'd there, had not a powerfull passion in 
 her heart drawn her back. But at her returne she met with many 
 aflictions, the gentleman who had professt so much love to her, in 
 her absence had bene, by most vile practises and treacheries, drawne 
 out of his sences, and into the marriage of a person, whom when he 
 recover'd his reason he hated : but that serv'd only to augment his 
 misfortune, and the circumstances of that story not being necessary 
 to be here inserted, I shall only adde that my mother liv'd in my 
 uncle's house, secretly discontented at this accident, but was com- 
 forted by the kindnesse of my uncle's Avife, who had contracted such 
 an intimate friendship Avith her, that they seemed to have but one 
 soule. And in this kindnesse she had some time a great sollace, till 
 some mallicious persons had Avrought some iealousies Avhich Avere very, 
 groundlesse in my uncle, concerning his wife, but his nature being 
 inclinable to that passion, Avhich Avas fomented in him by subtile 
 wicked persons, and my mother endeavouring to vindicate iniur'd 
 innocence, she Avas herselfe not Avell treated by my uncle, Avhere- 
 upon she left his house, with a resolution to withdraw herselfe into 
 the island, Avhere the good minister Avas, and there to weare out her
 
 n 
 
 life in tlie service of God. While she was deliberating, and had fixt 
 upon it in her owne thoughts, resolving to impart it to none, she 
 was with Sr. William St. John, who had married my aunt, when my 
 father accidentally came in there, and fell so heartily in love with 
 her, that he perswaded her to marry him, which she did, and her 
 melancholly made her conforme chearfully to that gravity of habitt 
 and conversation, wliich was becoming the wife of such a person; 
 who was then 48 yeares of age, and she not above l6. The 1st yeare 
 of their marriage was crown'd with a sonne, call'd after my father's 
 name, and borne at East Smithfield, in that house of the king's, 
 which belong'd to my father's employment in the navie: the next 
 yeare they removed to the Tower of London, whereof my father was 
 made licftenant, and there had 2 sonns more before me and 4 
 daughters, and two sonnes after: of all which only three sons and 
 two daughters surviv'd him att the time of his death, which was in 
 the sixty-third yeare of his age, after he had three yeares before 
 languisht of a consumption that succeeded a feaver which he gott in 
 the unfortunate voyage to the Isle of Rhee. 
 
 He died in the month of May 1630, sadly bewail'd by not only 
 all his dependants and relations, but by all that were acquainted 
 ■with him, for he never converst Avith any to whom he was not at 
 some time or in some way beneficiall ; and his nature was so de- 
 lighted in doing good, that it wan him the love of all men, even his 
 enemies, whose envie and mallice it was his custome to overcome 
 with obligations. He had greate naturall parts, but was too active 
 in his youth to stay the heightning of them by study of dead writ- 
 ings, but in the livins; bookes of men's conversations he soone be- 
 came so skillfull that he was never mistaken but where liis owne 
 good would not lett him give creditt to the evill he discern'd in 
 others. He was a most indulgent husband, and no lesse kind to his 
 children; a most noble master, who thought it not enough to main- 
 taine his servants honorably while they were with him, but for all 
 that deserv'd it, provided offices or settlements as for children. He
 
 1 f> 
 io 
 
 was a father to all his prisoners, sweehiing with such compassionate 
 kindnesse their restraint, that the atliction of a prison was not felt 
 in his dayes. He had a singular kindnesse for all persons that were 
 eminent cither in learning or amies, and when through the ingrati- 
 tude and vice of that age many of the wives and chilldren of queene 
 Elizabeth's glorious captaines were reduc'd to poverty, his purse was 
 their common treasury, and they knew not the inconvenience of 
 decay'd fortunes till he was dead : many of those valliant seamen he 
 maintain'd in prison, many" he redeem'd out of prison and cherish t 
 with an extraordinary bounty. If among his excellencies one out- 
 shin'd the rest, it was the generous liberallity of his mind, wherein 
 goodnesse and greatenesse were so equally distributed that they mu- 
 tually embellisht each other. Pride and coveteousnesse had not the 
 least place in his brest. As he was in love with true honor, so he 
 contemn'd vaine titles, and though in his youth he accepted an 
 addition to his birth, in his riper yeares he refus'd a barondry, which 
 the king offer'd him. He was severe in the regulating of his famely, 
 especially would not endure the least immodest behaviour or dresse 
 in any woman under his roofe. There was nothing he hated more 
 then an insignificant gallant, that could only make his leggs and 
 prune himselfe, and court a lady, but had not braines to employ 
 himselfe in things more suteable to man's nobler sex. Fidelity in 
 his trust, love and loyalty to his prince, Avere not the least of his 
 vertues, but those wherein he was not excell'd by any of his owne 
 or succeeding times. The large estate he reapt by his happie in- 
 dustry," he did many times over as freely resigne againe to the king's 
 service, till he left the greatest part of itt at his death in the king's 
 hands. All his vertues wanted not the crowne of all vertue, piety 
 and true devotion to God. As his life was a continued exercise of 
 faith and charity, it concluded with prayers and blessings, which 
 
 ' Mrs. Hutchinson, though a republican, does not fail justly to appreciate loyalty. 
 The noble family of Bathur.it, in which that of Apsley is merged by repeated mar- 
 riages, will with good title claim this as their appropriate virtue of inheritance.
 
 u 
 
 were the only coiisola lions his desolate famely could receive in his 
 death. Never did any two better agree in magnanimity and bounty 
 then he and my mother, who seem'd to be acted by the same soule, 
 so little did she grutch any of his liberallities to strangers, or he 
 contradict any of her kindncsse to all her relations; her house 
 being a common home to all of them, and a nursery to their 
 children. He gave her a noble alloAvance of 300/. a yeare for her 
 owne private expence, and had given her all her owne portion to 
 dispose of how she pleas'd, as soone as she was married ; which she 
 suffer'd to encrease in her friend's hands; and what my father 
 allow'd her she spent not in vanities, although she had what was 
 rich and requisite upon occasions, but she lay'd most of it out in 
 pious and charitable uses. Sr. Walter Rawlcigh and Mr. Ruthin 
 being prisoners in the Tower, and addicting themselves to chi- 
 mistrie, she suffer'd them to make their rare experiments at her 
 cost, partly to comfort and divert the poore prisoners, and partly to 
 gaine the knowledge of their experiments, and the medicines to 
 helpe such poore people as were not able to seeke to phisitians. 
 By these means she acquir'd a greate deale of skill, which was veiy 
 profitable to many all her life.' She was not only to these, but to 
 all the other prisoners that came into the Tower, as a mother. All 
 the time she dwelt in the Tower, if any were sick she made them 
 broths and restoratives with her owne hands, visited and tooke care 
 of them, and provided them all necessaries; if any were aflicted 
 
 ^ This anecdote of Sir Walter Rawlcigh will no doubt attract the notice of the 
 observant reader: it merits to be born in mind, as it will account for a passage in the 
 memoirs, where Mrs. Hutchinson is represented as acting the part of a surgeon in 
 the siege of Nottingham-castle : and as the treatment Sir Allen Apsley and his lady gave 
 their prisoners forms a striking contrast with that which it will appear at the end of the 
 history was practised by some of his successors, at a time when mildness seemed most 
 requisite, and was most professed. Perhaps prejudice will render it incredible that in 
 the Bastile of Paris, which has become a proverbial expression to signify cruel durance, 
 the conduct of the murdered governor resembled that of Sir Allen Apsley; it is never- 
 theless true.
 
 15 
 
 she comforted ihem, so that they felt not the inconvenience of a 
 prison wlio were in that place. She was not lesse bountifull to many 
 poore widdowes and orphans, whom officers of higher and lower 
 rank had left behind them as objects of charity. Her owne house 
 was fill'd with distressed families of her relations, whom she sup- 
 plied and maintain'd in a noble way. The care of the Avorship and 
 service of God, both in her soule and her house, and the education 
 of her children, was her principall care. She was a constant fre- 
 quenter of weekeday lectures, and a greate lover and encouragcr of 
 good ministers, and most dilligent in her private reading and devo- 
 tions. 
 
 When my father was sick she was not satisfied with the attend- 
 ance of all that were about him, but made herselfe his nurse, and 
 cooke, and phisitian, and, through the blessing of God and her 
 indefatigable labours and watching, preserv'd him a greate while 
 longer then the phisitians thought it possible for his nature to hold 
 out. At length when the Lord tooke him to rest she shew'd as much 
 humility and patience, under that greate change, as moderation 
 and bounty in her moie plentifull and prosperous condition, and 
 died in my house at Owthorpe, in the comity of Nottingham, in 
 the yeare 1659- The privelledge of being borne of and educated by 
 such excellent parents, I have often revolv'd with greate thankfull- 
 nesse for the mercy, and humilliation that I did no more emproove 
 it. After my mother had had 3 sons she was very desireous of a 
 daughter, and when the Aveomen at my birth told her I was one, 
 she receiv'd me with a greate deale of ioy; and the nurse's fancy- 
 ing, because I had more complexion and favour then is usuall in so 
 young children, that I should not live, my mother became fonder 
 of me, and more endeavour'd to nurse me. As soone as I ^vns 
 wean d a French woman was taken to be my drie nurse, and I was 
 taught to speake French and English together. My mother, Avhile 
 she Avas Avith child of me, dreamt that she Avas Avalking in the garden 
 Avith my father, and that a starre came doAvne into her hand, Avith
 
 16 
 
 other circumstances, which, though I ha\'e often heard, I minded not 
 enough to remember perfecll}' ; only my father told her, her dreame 
 signified she should have a daughter of some extraordinary emi- 
 nency; which thing, like such vaine prophecies, wrought as farre 
 as it could its own accomplishment:' for my father and mother 
 fancying me then beautifull, and more than ordinarily apprehensive, 
 applied all their cares, and spar'd no cost to emproove me jn mv 
 education, which procur'd me the admiration of those that flatter'd 
 my parents. By that time I was foure yeares old I read English 
 j^erfectly, and having a greate memory, I was carried to sermons, 
 and while I was very young could remember and repeate them so 
 exactly, and being caress'd, the love of praise tickled me, and 
 made me attend more heedfully. When I was about 7 yeares of 
 age, I remember I had att one time 8 tutors in severall quallities, 
 languages, musick, dancing, writing, and needlework, but my genius 
 was quite averse from all but my booke, and that I was so eager of, 
 that my mother thinking it preiudic'd my health, -would moderate 
 me in it; yet this rather animated me then kept me back, and 
 every moment I could steale from my play I Avould employ in any 
 booke I could find, when my own were lockt up from me. After 
 dinner and supper I still had an hower allow'd me to play, and 
 then I Avould steale into some hole or other to read. My father 
 Avould have me learne Latine, and I was so apt that I outstript my 
 brothers who were at schoole, allthough my father's chaplaine that 
 was my tutor was a pittifuU dull fellow. My brothers who had a 
 
 * This is an ingenious way of accounting for the fulfilment of superstitious pre- 
 dictions and expectations, which might frequently with close attention be traced to 
 their source, as is here done. It is clear that in the present case it occasioned a pecu- 
 liar care to be taken of her education; and this again caused her mind and disposition 
 to take that singular stamp which attracted the notice of Mr. Hutchinson, and led her 
 to the highest situation that she could wish for, that of the lady of a counsellor of 
 state in her beloved, but short-lived, republic. When tlie reader shall have followed 
 her to the end of her labors, let him judge whether there could be any situation to 
 which she was not adequate.
 
 17 
 
 greate deale of witt, had some emulation at the progrcsse I made 
 ill my learning, which very well pleas'd my father, tho' my mother 
 would have bene contented, I had not so wholly addicted myselfe 
 to that as to neglect my other quallities: as for musick and dancing 
 I profited very little in them, and would never practise my lute or 
 hai'psicords but Avhen my masters were with me; and for my needle 
 I absolutely hated it; play among other children I despis'd, and 
 when 1 was forc'd to entertaine such as came to visitt me, I tir'd 
 them with more grave instructions then their mothers, and pluckt 
 all their babies to pieces, and kept the children in such awe, that 
 they were glad when I entertain'd myselfe with elder company ; to 
 whom I Avas very acceptable, and living in the house Avith many 
 persons that had a greate deale of Avitt; and very profitable serious 
 discourses being frequent at my father's table and in my mother's 
 drawing roome, I Avas very attentive to all, and gather'd up things 
 that I would utter againe to greate admiration of many that tooke 
 my memory and imitation for Avitt. It pleas'd God that thro' the 
 good instructions of my mother, and the sermons she carried me to, 
 I Avas convinc'd that the knoAvledge of God Avas the most excellent 
 study, and accordingly applied myselfe to it, and to practise as I 
 was taught: I us'd to exhort my mother's maides much, and to turne 
 their idle discourses to good subjects; but I thought, Avhen I had 
 done this on the Lord's day, and every day perform'd my due taskes 
 of reading and praying, that then I Avas free to anie thing that Avas 
 not sin, for I Avas not at that time convinc'd of the vanity of conver- 
 sation Avhich Avas not scandalously Avicked, I thought it no sin to 
 learne or heare Avittie songs and amorous sonnetts or poems, and 
 twenty things of that kind, wherein I Avas so apt that I became the 
 confident in all the loves that Avere managed among my mother's 
 young Aveomen, and there was none of them but had many lovers 
 and some particular friends belov'd above the rest; among these I 
 
 D
 
 18 
 
 have ' * * * * * * * — Any one mcntion'd him to me, 1 told them I 
 Imd forgotten those extravagancies of my infancy, and knew noAV 
 that he and I were not equall ; but I could not for many yeares 
 heare his name, without several inward eijiotions * * * Five years 
 after me my mother had a daughter that she nurst at her owne brest, 
 and was infinitely fond of above all the rest, and I being of too seri- 
 ous a temper was not so pleasing to my « ****** * 
 
 f At this place is a great chasm, many leaves being torn out apparently by the 
 writer herself. ' 
 
 8 This sentence appears to relate to some amour in which Mrs. H. was disappointed. 
 Here the story of herself abruptly ends. 
 
 Great care being taken to \follow the orthography of the writer, the 
 reader need be under no apprehension as to the correctness of the prints 
 though he should find the same xeord spelt differently even in the same line: 
 as unperfect, imperfect \ son, sonne, 8^c. The only deviation we have made 
 from the MS. is in putting the U a?id V in their proper places ; they being 
 xvritten promiscuously.
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF MRS. HUTCHINSON'S HAND-WRITINGj 
 
 TAKEN PROM HER THEOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 rr^ 
 
 cvnj 
 
 
 art <n- 
 of -^etS aru) (y^iS^^oL 6M- 
 
 ^ Kdttvu erf arxUx(X crmhtn 
 
 tt/n./ 
 
 ks ^^a^hcL a-^^ — 
 
 arittic^ cr 
 
 /^u 
 
 II £\ rv^Mm^ 
 
 JxiX'^'i/rvHs ari^ /^c cp-i^U of- 
 
 
 aJ u'iS 
 
 ^F 
 
 
 
 ^ ail f^crH^ 
 
 i 
 
 
 xJ^- e-^n '^
 
 MRS. HUTCHINSON TO HER CHILDREN 
 
 COXCERNINi; 
 
 THEIR FATHER. 
 
 " TO MY CHILDREN. " 
 
 They who dote on mortall excellencies, when by the inevitable 
 fate of all things fraile, their adored idolls are taken from them, may 
 lett loose the winds of passion to bring in a flood of soitow; whose 
 ebbing tides carry away the deare memory of what they have lost; 
 and when comfort is assay 'd to such mourners, commonly all obiects 
 are remoov'd out of their view, which may with their remembrance 
 renew their griefe ; and in time these remedies succeed, when ob- 
 livions curtaine is by degrees drawn over the dead face, and things 
 lesse lovely are liked, while they are not vicAv'd together with that 
 which was most excellent: but I that am under a command not to 
 grieve att the common rate of desolate woemen,*" while I am studying 
 which way to moderate my woe, and if it Avere possible to augment 
 my love, can for the present find out none more iust to 3^our deare 
 father nor consolatory to myselfe then the preservation of his mc- 
 
 ^ The command of her husband at his death. It will be readily admitted that she 
 does indeed not grieve after any common rate, but with that noble sorrow whith 
 raises instead of depressing the soul: it would be an affront to the reader's taste to 
 point out the beauties of this dirge; but it is only a just commendation of our authoress' 
 judgment and modesty to observe, that having shewn her ability to ornament and em- 
 bellish, she confines herself to such occasions as are most suitable, and employs the 
 greatest simplicity in her narrative.
 
 o 
 
 mory, which I need not guild with such flattring commendations 
 as the hired preachers doe equally give to the truly and titularly 
 honorable; a naked undrest narrative, speaking the simple truth 
 of him, will deck him with more substantiall glorie, then all the 
 panegyricks the best pens could ever consecrate to the vertues of the 
 best men. 
 
 Indeed that resplendant body of light, wliich the beginning and 
 ending of his life made up, to discover the deformities of this wicked 
 age, and to instruct the erring children of this generation, Avill 
 through my apprehension and expression shine as under a very 
 thick clowd, which Avill obscure much of their lustre; but there is 
 need of this medium to this world's weake eies, which I feare hath 
 but few people in it so vertuous as can believe, because they find 
 themselves so short, any other could make so large a progresse in 
 the race of piety, honor, and vertue: but I am allmost stopt before 
 I sett forth to trace his steps ; finding the number of them by which 
 lie still outwent himselfe more then my unperfect arithmetick can 
 count, and the exact figure of them such as my unskillful! pen can- 
 not describe. I feare to iniure that memory which I would honor, 
 and to disgrace his name with a poore monument; but when I have 
 beforehand layd this necessary caution, and ingenuously confcss'd 
 that through my inabillily either to receive or administer much of 
 that wealthy stock of his glory that I >vas intrusted with for the be- 
 nefitt of all, and particularly hi* owne posterity, I must withhold a 
 greate part from them, I hope I shall be pardon'd for drawing an 
 imperfect image of him, especially when even the rudest draught 
 that endeavours to counterfeit him, will have much delightfull love- 
 lienesse in it. 
 
 Let not excesse of love and delight in the streame make us for- 
 gett the fountaine, he and all his excellencies came fi'om God, and 
 floAv'd back into their owne spring; there lett us seeke them, thither 
 lett us hasten after him ; there having found him, lett us cease to
 
 bewaile among the dead that which is risen, or rather was immortall; 
 his soule converst with God so much when he was here, that it 
 reioyces to be now eternally freed from interruption in that blessed 
 exercise; his vertues were recorded in heaven's annalls, and can 
 never perish, by them he yett teaches us and all those to whose 
 knowledge they shall arrive: 'tis only his fetters, his sins, his in- 
 firmities, his diseases, that are dead never to revive againe, nor 
 would wee have them; they were his enemies and ours; by faith in 
 Christ he vanquisht them : our coniunction, if wee had any with 
 him, was nndissoluble, if wee were knitt together by one spiritt into 
 one body of Christ, wee are so still, if wee were mutually united in 
 one love of God, good men, and goodnesse, wee -are so still; what 
 is it then we waile in his remoove ? the distance ? faithlesse fooles ! 
 sorrow only makes it; let us but ascend to God in holy ioy for the 
 greate grace given his poore servant, and he is there Avith us. He is 
 only remoov'd from the mallice of his enemies, for which wee should 
 not expresse love to him in being aflicted, wee may mourne for our- 
 selves that Avee come so tardily after him, that wee want his guide 
 and assistance in our way, and yet if our teares did not putt out our 
 eies wee should see him even in heaven, holding forth his flaming 
 lamp of vertuous examples and precepts to light us through the 
 darke world. It is time that I Ictt in to your knowledge that splen- 
 dor which while it chcares and enlightens your heavy senses, let us 
 remember to give all his and all our glorie to God alone, who is the 
 father and fountaine of all lia-ht and excellence. 
 
 Desiring, if my treacherous memory have not lost the dearest 
 treasure that ever I committed to its trust, to relate to you his holy, 
 vertuous, honorable life, I would put his picture in the front of his 
 booke,' but my unskillfull hand will iniure him. Yet to such of you 
 as have not scene him to remember his person, I leave this — 
 
 ' The editor is happy to have it in his power to do this in a manner that will be 
 gratifying to the lovers of the arts. The original pictures of Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson,
 
 HIS DESCRIPTION. 
 
 He was of a middle stature, of a slender and exactly well-pro- 
 portion'd shape in all parts, his complexion fair, his hayre of a light 
 brownc, very thick sett in his youth, softer then the finest silke, curling 
 into loose greatc rings att the ends, his eies of a lively grey, well- 
 shaped and full of life and vigour, graced with many becoming 
 motions, his visage thinne, his mouth well made, and his lipps very 
 ruddy and gracefull, allthough the nether chap shut over the upper, 
 yett it was in such a manner as was not unbecoming, his teeth were 
 even and white as the purest ivory, his chin was something long, and 
 the mold of his face, his forehead was not very high, his nose was 
 rays'd and sharpe, but withall he had a most amiable countenance, 
 which carried in it something of magnanimity and maiesty mixt 
 with sweetenesse, that at the same time bespoke love and awe in all 
 that saw him; his skin was smooth and white, his legs and feete 
 excellently well made, he was quick in his pace and turnes, nimble 
 and active and gracefull in all his motions, he was apt for any 
 bodily exercise, and any that he did became him, he could dance 
 admirably avcII, but neither in youth nor riper yeares made any prac- 
 tise of it, he had skill in fencing such as became a gentleman, he 
 had a greate love to musick, and often diverted himselfe with a 
 viol], on which he play'd masterly, he had an exact eare and iudge- 
 ment in other musick, he shott excellently in bowes and gunns, and 
 much us'd them for his exercise, he had greate iudgment in paint- 
 ings," graving, sculpture, and all liberal arts, and had man}^ curio- 
 sities of valine in all kinds, he tooke greate delight in perspective 
 
 with their two ciiildren, were found by him in their house at Owthorpe, and are now 
 deposited, along with the manuscript, at Messrs. Longman's and Co. 
 
 ^ There remained some fcwof tliese at Owtliorpe unspoiled, but many were spoiled 
 by neglect, at the death of the last possessor.
 
 olasses, and for his oilier rarities was not so much affected widi the 
 antiquity as die merit of the worke — he tooke much pleasure in em- 
 proovement of grounds, in planting groves and walkes, and fruite- 
 trees, in opening springs and making fish-ponds ;' of couni ry recrea- 
 tions he lov'd none but hawking, and in that was very eager and 
 much delighted for the time he us'd it, but soone left it of; he Avas 
 wonderful neate, cleanly and gentile in his habitt, and had a very 
 good fancy in it, but he left off very early the wearing of aniething 
 that was costlj^, yett in his plainest negligent habitt appear'd very 
 much a gentleman ; he had more addresse than force of body, yet 
 the courage of his soule so supplied his members that he never 
 wanted strength when he found occasion to employ it; his conversa- 
 tion Avas very pleasant for he Avas naturally chearfull, had a ready 
 Avitt and apprehension; he A\'as eager in every thing he did, earnest 
 in dispute, but Avithall very rationall, so that he was seldome over- 
 come, CA^ery thing that it Avas necessary for him to doe he did Avith 
 delight, free and unconstrein'd, he hate.d cerimonious complement, 
 but yett had a naturall civillity and complaisance to all people, he 
 was of a tender constitution, but through the vivacity of his spiritt 
 could undergo labours, Avatchings and iourneyes, as Avell as any of 
 stronger compositions; he Avas rhcumatick, and had a long sicknesse 
 and distemper occasion'd diercby two or three y cares after the Avarre 
 ended, but elce for the latter lialfe of his life Avas healthy the' 
 tender, in his youth and childhood he Avas sickly, much troubled 
 Avith Avcaknesse and tooth akes, but then his spiritts carried him 
 through them ; he Avas very patient under sicknesse or payne or any 
 common accidints, but yet upon occasions, though never without 
 iust ones, he would be very angrie, and had exen in that such a 
 grace as made him to be fear'd, yet he Avas never outragious in 
 
 ' Many traces of his taste, judgment, and industry, in each of these, were to be 
 seen at the distance of 140 years.
 
 6 
 
 passion; he had a very good facultie in perswading, and would 
 speake very well pertinently and effectually without premeditation 
 upon the greatest occasions that could be off'er'd, for indeed his 
 iudgment was so nice, that he could never frame any speech before- 
 hand to please himselfe, but his invention was so ready and wise- 
 dome so habituall in all his speeches, that he never had reason to 
 repent himselfe of speaking at any time without ranking the Avords 
 beforehand, he was not talkative yett free of discourse, of a veiy 
 spare diett, not much given to sleepe, an early riser when in health, 
 he never was at any time idle, and hated to see any one elce soe, in 
 all his naturall and ordinary inclinations and composure, there was 
 somthing extraordinary and tending to vertue, beyond what I can 
 describe, or can be gather'd from a bare dead description; there 
 was a life of spiritt and power in him that is not to be found in any 
 copie drawne from him : to summe up therefore all that can be sayd 
 of his outward frame and disposition wee must truly conclude, that 
 it was a very handsome and well furnisht lodging prepared for the 
 reception of that prince, who in the administration of all excellent 
 vertues reign'd there awhile, till he was called back to the pallace of 
 the universall emperor."" 
 
 HIS VERTUES. 
 
 To number his vertues, is to give the epitome of his life," which 
 was nothing elce but a progresse from one degree of vertue to an- 
 
 ■" Is not here Plato's system pourtiay'd in language worthy of that sublime and 
 eloquent philosopher ? 
 
 ° Highly panegyrical as the character Mrs. Hutchinson here gives of her husband 
 may appear, yet every point of it will be completely exemplified in the narrative ; but 
 if the widow's fondness for his memory should have led her into some excess, who will 
 blame it ?
 
 other, till in a sliort time he arriv'd to that height, which many 
 longer lives could never reach, and had I but the power of rightly 
 disposing and relating them, his single example would be more in- 
 structive then all the rules of the best morallists, for his practise was 
 of a more dcvine extraction, drawne from the word of God, and 
 wrought up by the assistance of his Spiritt; therefore in the head of 
 all his vertues, I shall sett that which was the head and spring of 
 them all, his Christianity — for this alone is the true royall blood that 
 runs through the whole body of vertue, and every pretender to that 
 glorious famely, who hath no tincture of it, is an imposter and a 
 spurious bratt. This is that sacred fountaine which baptizeth all the 
 gentile vertues, that so immortalize the names of Cicero, Plutarch, 
 Seneca, and all the old philosophers ; herein they are regenerated 
 and take a new name and nature ; dig'd up in the willdernesse of 
 nature, and dipt in this living spring, they are planted and flourish 
 in the Paradice of God. 
 
 By Christianitie I intend that universal 1 habitt of grace which is 
 wrought in a soule by the regenerating spiritt of God Avhereby the 
 •whole creature is resigned up into the divine will and love, and all 
 its actions design'd to the obedience and glory of its maker. Assoone 
 as he had improov'd his naturall understanding with the acquisition 
 of learning, the first studies he exercised himselfe in, were principles 
 of religion, and the first knowledge he labour'd for was a knowledge 
 of God, which by a dilligent examination of the scripture, and the 
 severall doctrines of greate men pretending that ground he at length 
 obtein'd. — Afterward when he had layd a sure and orthodox foun- 
 dation in the doctrine of the free grace of God given us by Jesus 
 Christ, he began to survey the superstructures, and to discover 
 much of the hay and stubble of man's inventions in God's Avorship 
 which his spiritt burnt up in the day of their triall. His faith being 
 established in the truth, he was full of love to God and all his 
 
 E
 
 8 
 
 saints." He hated persecution for religion, and was alhvayes a cham- 
 pion for all religious people against all their greate oppressors. He 
 detested all scoffes att any practise of worship though such a one as he 
 was not perswaded of Whatever he practiz'd in religion was neither 
 for faction nor advantage, but contrary to it, and purely for con- 
 science sake. As he hated outsides in religion so could he worse 
 endure, those apostacies and those denialls of the Lord and base 
 compliances with his adversaries, which timorous men practise 
 under the name of prudent and iust condescensions to avoid perse- 
 cution. Christianity being in him as the fountaine of all his vertues, 
 and diffusing itselfe into every streame, that of his Prudence falls 
 into the next mention. He from a child was wise, and sought to by 
 many that might have bene his fathers for councell, Avhich he could 
 excellently give to himselfe and others, and whatever crosse event 
 in any of his affaires may give occasion to fooles to overlooke the 
 wisedome of the designe, yett he had as greate a foresight, as strong 
 a iudgment, as cleare an apprehension of men and things as no man 
 more. He had rather a firme impression than a greate memory, yett 
 he was forgettful of nothing but injuries. His owne integritie made 
 him credulous of other mens, till reason and experience convinc'd 
 him, and as unapt to believe cautions which could not be receiv'd 
 without entertaining ill opinions of men, yet he had wisedome enough 
 never to conmiitt himselfe to a traytor, though he was once wickedly 
 betrey'd by friends whom necessity and not mistake forc'd him to 
 trust.'' He was as ready to heare as to give councell, and never 
 peitinacious in his will when his reason was convinc'd. There was 
 
 " Saints. An expression commonly used in that time to signify good and religious 
 people. 
 
 p It is not known what peculiar transaction this refers to, though it may be con- 
 jectured to refer to the false protestations of Monk and Sir Ashley Cooper at the 
 restoration ; whom he and many others trusted much against their will.
 
 9 
 
 no opinion whicli he was most settled in either concerning devine or 
 humane things but he would patiently and impartially heare it de- 
 bated. In matters of faith his reason allwayes submitted to the word 
 of God, and what he could not comprehend he would believe be- 
 cause 'twas written, but in all other things, the greatest names in 
 the world could never lead him without reason : he would deliberate 
 when there was time, but never lost an oppertunity of anie thing 
 that was to be done by tedious dispute. He would heare as well as 
 speake, and yet never spoke impertinently or unseasonabl3^ He 
 very well understood himselfe his owne advantages, naturall parts, 
 guifts, and acquirements, yett so as neither to glorie of them to 
 others, nor overvallue himselfe for them, for he had an excellent 
 vertuous modesty, Avhich shutt out all vanity of mind, and yett ad- 
 mitted that true understanding of himselfe which was requisite for 
 the best improovcment of all his tallents; he no lesse understood and 
 was more hecdfull to remarke his defects, imperfections, and disad- 
 vantages, but that too only to excite his circums])ection concerning 
 them, not to damp his spiritt in any noble enterprize. He had a 
 noble spiritt of governement, both in civill, military, and oecumeni- 
 call'' administrations, which forc'd even from unwilling subjects a 
 love and reverence of him, and endear'd him to the soules of those 
 rejoyc'd to be govern'd by him. He had a native maiesty that 
 struck an awe of him into the hearts of men, and a sweete great- 
 nesse that commanded love. He had a cleare discerning of men's 
 spirits, and knew how to give every one their iust weight, he con- 
 temn d none that were not wicked, in whatever low degree of nature 
 or fortune they were otherwise : where-ever he saw wisedome, learn- 
 ing, or other vertues in men, he honor'd them highly, and admir'd 
 them to their full rate, but never gave himselfe blindly up to the 
 conduct of the greatest master. Love itselfe, which Avas as power- 
 
 •> CEcumenicall — Domestick.
 
 10 
 
 lull ill his as in any soule, rallier quick'ned tlien blinded the eies of 
 his iudgment in discerning the imperfections of those that were most 
 deare to him. His soule ever reign'd as king in the internall throne, 
 and never was caplive to his sence; religion and reason, its two 
 favour'd councellors, tooke order that all the passions kept within 
 their owne just bounds, there did him good service, and fuither'd 
 the publick Aveale. He found such fehcity in that proportion of 
 wisedome that he enjoyed, as he was a greate lover of that which 
 advanc'd it, learning and the arts, which he not only honor'd in 
 others, but had by his industry arrived to be himselfe a farre greater 
 schollar then is absolutely requisite for a gentleman. He had many 
 excellent attainements, but he no lesse evidenc'd his wisedome in 
 knowing how to ranke and use them, then in gaining them. He 
 had witt enough to have bene subtile and cunning, but he so ab- 
 hoiT'd dissimulation that I cannot say he was either. Greatenesse of^ 
 ■courage would not suffer him to put on a vizard, to secure him from 
 any, to retire into the shaddow of privacy and silence was all his 
 prudence could effect in him. It Avill be as hard to say which was 
 the predominant vertue in him, as which is so in its owne nature. 
 He was as excellent in iustice as in wisedome — the greatest advan- 
 tage, nor the greatest danger, nor the dearest interest or friend in 
 the world could not prevaile on him to pervert justice even to an 
 enemie. He never profess'd the thing he intended not, nor pro- 
 mis'd what he believ'd out of his owne power, nor fail'd the per- 
 formance of aniething that was in his power to fullfill. Never fear- 
 ing aniething he could suffer for the truth, he never at any time 
 would refreine a true or give a false witnesse; he lov'd truth so much 
 that he hated even sportive lies and gulleries. He was so just to 
 his owne honour that he many times forbore things lawfull and 
 delightfull to him, rather than he would give any one occasion of 
 scandal]. Of all lies he most hated hipocrisie in religion, either to 
 compile with changing governments or persons, without a reall per-
 
 11 
 
 swasion of conscience, or to practise holy things to gett the applause 
 of men or any advantage. — As in ReUgion so in Friendship, he 
 never profest love when he had it not, nor disguiz'd hate or aver- 
 sion, which indeed he never had to any party or person, but to their 
 sins : and lov'd even his bitterest enemies so well, that I am wit- 
 nesse how his soule mourn'd for them, and how heartely he desir'd 
 their conversion. If he were defective in any part of iustice, it was 
 when it was in his power to punish those who had iniur'd him, 
 whom I have so often knowne him to recompence Avith favours in- 
 stead of revenge, that his friends us'd to tell him if they had any 
 occasion to make him favourably partiall to them they would pro- 
 voke him by an iniury. He Avas as faithfull and constant to his 
 friends as mercifull to his enemies : nothing griev'd him more than 
 to be oblieg'd, Avhere he could not hope to returne itt. He that was 
 a rock to all assaults of might and violence, was the gentlest easie 
 soule to kindnesse, that the least warme sparke of that melted him 
 into aniething that was not sinfull. There never was a man more 
 exactly iust in the performance of duties to all relations and all 
 persons. Honor, obedience, and love to his father, were so naturall 
 and so lasting in him, that it is impossible to imagine a better sonne 
 than he was, and whoever would pray for a blessing in children to 
 any one, could but wish them such a sonne as he.' He never re- 
 pined at his father's will in aniething, how much soever it were to his 
 preiudice, nor would endure to lieare anie one say his father was 
 not so kind to him as he might have bene, but to his dying day 
 preserv'd his father's memory with such tender affection and reve- 
 rence as was admirable, and had that high regard for his mother-in- 
 law and the children she brought his father, as he could not have 
 bene more dearly concern'd in all their interest if she had bene his 
 
 ' This we shall find called in question by his mother-in-law, and will be discussed 
 in the course of the history.
 
 12 
 
 owne mother — which all things consider'd, although they were de- 
 serving persons, was an example of piety and goodnesse that will 
 not easily be matcht. For coniugul affection to his wife, it was 
 such in him, as whosoever would draw out a rule of honour, kind- 
 nesse, and religion, to be practiz'd in that estate, need no more, 
 but exactly draw out his example; never man had a greater passion 
 for a woman, nor a more honourable esteeme of a wife, yet he was 
 not uxorious, nor remitted not that iust rule which it w^as her honor 
 to obey, but manag'd the reines of governement with such prudence 
 and affection that she who would not delight in such an honourable 
 and advantagcable subjection, must have wanted a reasonable soule: 
 he govern'd by perswasion, which he never employ 'd but to things 
 honorable and profitable for herselfe: he lov'd her soule and her 
 honor more than her outside, and yet he had even for her person a 
 constant indulgence, exceeding the common temporary passions of 
 the most uxorious fooles: if he esteem'd her att a higher rate then 
 she in herselfe could have deserv'd, he was the author of that vertue 
 he doted on, while she only reflected his own glories upon him : all 
 that she was, Avas him, while he was here, and all that she is now at 
 best but his pale shade. So liberall was he to her and of so gene- 
 rous a temper, that he hated the mention of sever'd purses : his 
 estate being so much at her dispose that he never would receive an 
 account of aniething she expended ; so constant was he in his love, 
 that when she ceast to be young and lovely, he began to shew most 
 fondnesse, he lov'd her at such a kind and generous rate as words 
 cannot expresse, yet even this, which was the highest love he or 
 anie man could have, was yet bounded by a superior, he lov'd her 
 in the Lord as his fellow creature, not his idoll, but in such a man- 
 ner as shew'd that an affection bounded in the just rules of duty, 
 far exceeds every way all the iiTCgular passions in the world. He 
 lov'd God above her and all the other dear pledges of his heart,
 
 13 
 
 and at his command and for his glorie chearefully resign'd them. 
 He was as kinde a father, as deare a brother, as good a master, and 
 as faithfull a friend as the world had, yet in all these relations, the 
 greatest indulgence he could have in the Avorld never prevail'd on him 
 to indulge vice in any the dearest person, but the more deare any 
 was to him, the more was he offended at any thing that might take 
 of the lustre of their glorie. As he had great severity against errors 
 and follies pertinaciously persued, so had he the most merciful, 
 gentle, and compassionate frame of spiritt that can be imagin'd to 
 those who became sensible of their errors and frailties, although they 
 had bene never so iniurious to himselfe. 
 
 Nor was his soulc lesse shining in honor then in love. Pietie 
 being still the bond of all his other vertues, there Avas nothing he 
 durst not doe or suffer, but sin against God, and therefore as he 
 never regarded his life in any noble and just enterprize, so he never 
 staked it in any rash or unwarrantable hazard. He was never sur- 
 priz'd, amaz'd, nor confounded Avith greate difficulties or dangers, 
 which rather serv'd to animate then distract his spiritts: he had 
 made up his accounts with life and death, and fixt his purpose to 
 entertaine both honorably, so that no accident ever dismay'd him, 
 but he rather reioic'd in such troublesome conflicts as might signa- 
 lize his generosity. A truer or more lively vallour there never was 
 in anie man, but in all his actions, it ever marcht in the same file 
 with Avisedome. He understood well, and as Avell perform'd Avhen 
 he undertooke it, the millitary art in all parts of it: he naturally lov'd 
 the employment as it suited Avith his active temper, more then any, 
 conceiving a mutual delight in leading those men that lov'd his con- 
 duct; and Avhen he commanded souldiers, never Avas man more 
 loved and reverenced by all that Avere under him: for he would 
 never condiscend to them in anie thing they mutinously sought, nor 
 suffer them to seeke what it Avas fitt for him to provide, but prevented
 
 14 
 
 them by his loving care ; and while he exevcis'd his authority no 
 way but in keeping them to their iust duty, they ioy'd as much in 
 his commands, as he in their obedience : he was very liberall to 
 them, but ever chose iust times and occasions to^exercise it. I can- 
 not say whether he were more truly magnanimous or lesse proud : 
 he never disdain'd the meanest person nor flatter'd the greatest ; he 
 had a loving and sweete courtesie to the poorest, and would often 
 employ many spare howers with the connnonest souldiers and 
 poorest labourers, but still so ordering his familliarity as it never 
 rays'd them to a contempt, but entertained still at the same time a 
 reverence with love of him : he ever preserv'd himselfe in his owne 
 rank, neither being proud of it so as to despise any inferior, nor 
 letting fall that iust decorum which his honor obliged him to keepe 
 up. He was as farre from envie of superiors as from contemning 
 them that were under him : he was above the ambition of vaine 
 titles, and so well contented with the even ground of a gentleman, 
 that no invitation could have prevailed upon him to advance one 
 step that way; he lov'd substantiall not ayrie honor: as he was 
 above seeking or delighting in emptie titles for himself, so he neither 
 denied nor envied any man's due precedency, but pittied those that 
 tooke a glorie in that which had no foundation of vertue. As little 
 did he seeke after popular applause, or pride himselfe in it, if at 
 any time it cried up his just deserts ; he more delighted to doe well 
 then to be prays'd, and never sett vulgar commendations at such a 
 rate, as to act contrary to his owne conscience or reason for the 
 obteining them, nor would forbear a good action which he was 
 bound to, though all the world disliked it, for he ever look'd on 
 things as they were in themselves, not through the dimme spectacles 
 of vulgar estimation. As he was farre from a vaine affectation of 
 popularity, so he never neglected that iust care that an honest man 
 ought to have of his reputation, and was as carefull to avoyd the
 
 15 
 
 appearances of evill as evill itselfe ; but if he were evill spoken of 
 for truth or righteousnesse sake, he rejoyc'd in taking up the re- 
 proach ; which all good men that dare beare their testimony against 
 an evill generation must suffer. Though his zeale for truth and 
 vertue, caus'd the wicked with the sharpe edges of their mallicious 
 tongues, to attempt to shave of the glories from his head, yett 
 his honor springing from the fast roote of vertue, did but grow the 
 thicker and more beautiful for all their endeavours to cut it ' of. 
 He was as free from avarice as from ambition and pride. Never 
 had any man a more contented and thankfull heart for the estate 
 that God had given, but it was a very narrow compasse for the 
 exercise of his greate heart. He lov'd hospitallity as much as he 
 hated riott : he could contentedly be without things beyond his 
 reach, though he tooke very much pleasure in all those noble 
 delio-hts that exceeded not his faculties. In those thinos that 
 were of meere pleasure, he lov'd not to aime at that he could 
 not attaine : he would rather weare clothes absolutely plaine, then 
 pretending to gallantry, and would rather chuse to have none 
 then meane iewells or pictures, and such other things as were not 
 of absolute necessity : he would rather give nothing then a base 
 reward or present, and upon that score, liv'd very much retir'd, 
 though his nature were very sociable and delighted in going into 
 and receiving company ; because his fortune would not allow him 
 to doe it in such a noble manner as suited with his mind. He was 
 so truly magnanimous that prosperity could never lift him up in 
 the least, nor give him any tincture of pride or vaineglory, nor 
 diminish a generall aflfabillity, curtesie, and civillity, that he had 
 allwayes to all persons. When he was most exalted he was most 
 mercifull and compassionate to those that were humbled. At the 
 
 ' Samson and Dulilah. 
 F
 
 16 
 
 same time that he vanquisht any enemie, he cast away all his ill- 
 will to him, and entertain'd thoughts of love and kindnesse as soone 
 as he ceast to be in a posture of opposition. He Avas as farre 
 from meannesse as from pride, as truly generous as humble, and 
 shew'd his noble spiritt more in adversity then in his prosperous 
 condition : he vanquisht all the spite of his enemies by his manly 
 suffering, and all the contempts they could cast at him were theirs, 
 not his, shame. 
 
 His whole life was the rule of temperance in meate, drinke, ap- 
 parell, pleasure, and all those things that may be lawfully enjoy 'd, 
 and herein his temperance was more excellent then in others, in 
 whom it is not so much a vertue, but proceeds from want of appetite 
 or gust of pleasure ; in him it was a true, wise, and religious go- 
 vernement of the desire and delight he tooke in the things he en- 
 joy'd. He had a certeine activity of spiritt which could never 
 endure idlenesse either in himselfe or others, and that made him 
 eager for the time he indulg'd it as well in pleasure as in businesse ; 
 indeed, though in his youth he exercis'd innocent sports a little 
 while, yett afterwards his businesse was his pleasure ; but how mtent 
 soever he were in aniething, how much soever it delighted him, 
 he could freely and easily cast it away when God called him to 
 something elce. — He had as much modesty as could consist with a 
 true vertuous assurance, and hated an impudent person. Neither 
 in youth nor riper age could the most faire or enticeing weomen 
 ever draw him so much as into unnecessary familliarity or vaine 
 converse or dalliance with them, yet he despis'd nothing of the 
 female sex but their follies and vanities ; wise and vertuous weomen 
 he lov'd, and delighted in all pure, holy, and nnblameable conver- 
 sation with them, but so as never to excite scandall or temptation. 
 Scurrilous discourse even among men he abhorr'd, and though he 
 sometimes tooke pleasure in witt and mirth, yett that which was
 
 17 
 
 mixt with impurity he never would endure. The heate of his youth 
 a httle encUn'd him to the passion of anger, and the goodnesse of 
 his nature to those of love and griefe, but reason was never de- 
 thron'd by them, but continued governesse and moderator in his 
 soul.' 
 
 ' In this place Mrs. Hutchinson has written, " All this and more is true, but I so 
 much dislike the manner of relating it, that I will make another assay." And accord- 
 ingly she proceeds to write his character over again, but it has the appearance of being 
 much more laboured, and much less characteristick, and therefore the former is pre- 
 ferred. 
 
 At the same place is written : " This book was written by Lucy, the widow and 
 relict of Col. John Hutchinson, of Owthorp." J. H. 
 
 (Julius Hutchinson, grandfather of the Editor.)
 
 ^ 
 
 lothEdw.I.iiSJ. 
 
 The daughter of 
 
 Barnard Hutchin-" 
 
 -John Boyvill, Esq. 
 
 son, Esq. of Cow- 
 
 
 lam, Co. Ebor. 
 
 
 Robert Hutchinson._D.ught.rof New. John HutcWmson-pEdcth, daughwrof Mary Hutchinson.-W^Iiam Sutton of 
 comme of Salftect- William Would- Wasscnbroughe. 
 
 hie, of Wouldbie. 
 
 Barbara Hutchinson.— Lewis Ashion, of James Hutchinson,- 
 Spalding, Esq. of Cowlam. 
 
 -Ursula.daughterof 
 Mr. Gregory, of 
 Naffortonne. 
 
 Julia Hutchinson.— Allyne Bruxbie.of Margaret Hutchinson.— William Champer- 
 Shobie, Esq. nownc, Esq. 
 
 John Hutchinson, 
 »d son of James. 
 
 -Dauehter of John Barbara Hutchinson.-John Ha.horn., of William Hutchinson.-p.'Vnne. daughter of Second daughter.-John Ocam, Esq. Elenor Hutchinson^ThomasBrown.Esq. 
 - ^ - ■" Cransweke, Esq. of Cowlam, Esq. William Bennet.of 
 
 Theckley, Esq. 
 
 Conycrs, Esq. 
 
 OliverHitchinson.-Daughter of John Judith.daughterof-AnthouyHutchin-pnabel. daugh.er Mary Hutchinson. -J ervas Abtoste. Alice Hutchinson—William English. 
 
 Tindall, Esq. 
 
 Thomas CrosUnd, 
 Esq. first wift- 
 
 son, of Cowlam. 
 
 of Robert Harvie, 
 Esq. 
 
 Edmond, ancth son. Leonard, fifth son. John, third son, William Hutchin-pBridget, d.iughtcr of Thomas Hutchinson, 
 
 Esq. eldest 
 
 WilHam Cake, of of OweChorpe, Esq. 
 Weslharleton, Esq- ad son. 
 
 The daughter and heir Richard,the fourth son, Francis, the seventh Andrew, the eighth 
 
 of Mr. Drax, of Kynol- 
 ton, county Notts. 
 
 supposed to have gone son. 
 to Ireland. 
 
 Grizell, eldest — John Reeps, Esq. 
 daughierofWil- 
 
 William Hutchin- 
 son, of Cowlam^ 
 Esq. 
 
 Ann, daughter of Joyce, »d daugh — Thomas Beed, 
 ."THenry Layborne. tcr. 
 
 Isabell, third — Thomas Cooke, 
 daughter. 
 
 WilliamHutchinson, The daughter of John Hutchinson, — Mary, daughter of 
 of Owechorpe, Esq. TMr. Watson. of Bafsford. Mr. Chamberlaine. 
 
 Eldest daughter. — John Eplcthwatt. 
 
 William Hutchinson, — Daughter of Mr. Dal- 
 of Wykome Abbey, tJn.of Kirby overCarr, 
 Com. Ebor. Com. Ebor. 
 
 Second daughter. — Richard Garret. Elizabeth, ttie third — Mr. Bonncyeaton, Isabell, the second — Mr. Smith, of the Jane. 
 
 daughter. 
 
 of Grcasby Castle, daughter. 
 
 Monks, near Lin- 
 coln. 
 
 -Thomas Ellis, of Jane, daughter of— Thomas Hutchinson. 
 Wyhara, Esq. Sir George Pier- ofOwethorpe, Esq. 
 
 point. 
 
 Sir William Fitz- 
 William, temp. R. 
 Elizabetha:. 
 
 ThomaiHutchinson.of. 
 Owethorpe, Esq. 
 
 f_Jane, daughter 
 j Mr.Sachevcrell, 
 I Soar, in the coi 
 
 I: 
 
 .Elenor.daughterofMr. 
 GeorgeZouche.ofCod- 
 nor, county of Derby. 
 
 ^hter and coheir of 
 r.Sachevcrell,of Ratclifupon 
 county of Notts. 
 
 Dorothy Hutchinson. — .... Warren Esq. 
 
 Sir William Fitzwilliam, 
 John, Maiy, and Phi- 
 lippa. 
 
 Margaret. Sir John Biron. 
 
 I 
 
 John and Richard, Lords Margaret. Sir Thomas Hutchinson, Knt. ob. i8 August,__Catherinc, daughter of Sir John Stanhope, of Elvaston, Jane Hutchinson. — .... Grantham. 
 
 Biron, five more sons and j 164.3, set. js. buried at St. Paul's, Covent-Xand sister of Philip, Earl of Chesterfield, ob. 1694., ait. 
 
 one daughter. Garden, Middlesex. 101. Buried at St. Paul's Covent-Garden, Middlesex. 
 
 1 I 
 
 Col 
 
 lohr 
 
 Hutchi 
 
 nson, 
 
 Ob. 
 
 ,,S.p 
 
 ember, 
 
 .661, 
 
 zt. 
 
 49. 
 
 
 
 Lucie, daughter of Sir Allen George Hutchinson. R arham, daughter 
 Apsley, Lieut. oftheTowerof TofSirAllenApsley, 
 
 London, to King Charles I. I ob. [6(14., xt. 75. 
 
 diea i. p. 
 
 Isabella. Charles Cotton, of Charles. Ob. 1695,. 
 I Berrislord, county ;et. 57. Buried at 
 I of Derby, Esq. Owethorpe. 
 
 One son and four daughters. Berisford, son and 
 heir. Oliver mar. Dr. Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury; 
 Katherine married Sir B. Lucy ; and Jane married 
 Beaumont Parkins, county of Notts. Esq. 
 
 .Isabella, daughter and coheir 
 of Sir Francis Boiiler, of Hat- 
 field Woodhall, Kent. 
 
 Edward, Lucius, 
 & fourdaughierc. 
 Ob. s. p. 
 
 Thomas Hutchinson. 
 Ob. s. p. 
 
 —Jane, daugbterof Sir. 
 Alexander Ratcliife. 
 
 John Hutchin: 
 third son. 
 
 TA daughter of ... . 
 Morgan, of Wales. 
 
 Issue two sons. 
 
 Charles and Francis, 
 first and second sons. 
 Ob. s. p. 
 
 Thomas and Botiler, Stanhope & Francis, 
 thirdandfourchsons. fifth and sixth sons, 
 Ob. s. p. Ob. s. p. 
 
 Julius Hutchinson.~y-Betty, 
 Willi 
 
 daughter of John, Earl of Ken — Elizabeth. — John Hamilton, Earl Isabella. 
 
 L Norton, of nedy, eldest son of of Ruglen. Second Ob. cxI. 
 
 Weltow, Co. Hants, the Earl of Cassilis. husband. 
 
 Esq. First husband. 
 
 Sir Allen Apsley, Lieutenant of the. 
 Tower to James and Cliarlt ' 
 
 '---Lucy, 
 St. Jol 
 
 d.aughtcr of Sir William 
 John. 
 
 pAnn, daughter of Botiler. 
 I SirRd.Wrottesley, Ob.ca;!. 
 
 Charles. — Ann Hanson. 
 Ob. 9. p. 
 
 Elizabeth, daughter-pNorton.-r-Judith Scharm. 
 of Dr. P. Waldo. 
 
 Sir Alien Apsley .-^-F ranees, daughter and heir of 
 . Pctre, of Bowkay, Esq. 
 
 Lucy, married to 
 Col. Huti;hinson, 
 
 Barbara, married to Lieut. 
 Col. Hutchinson. 
 
 Sir Peter Apsley. 
 
 's,-pSir. Benjamin 
 Bathurst. 
 
 Thomas and Julim, 
 Ob. cal. 
 
 Julius. Ob, carl. 
 
 iabella.— Richard Norton.Esq. 
 of Ixworth Abbey. 
 
 Julius. 
 (The Editor.) 
 
 Thomas. Casandra. 
 
 Peter. 
 Ob.ca:l. 
 
 Catherine. - 
 Heiress. 
 
 -Allen, Lord 
 fiatburtt. 
 
 Peter, of Claren- 
 don Park. 
 
 Ben/amin, of Lyd- 
 ney Park.
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LIFE OF COL. HUTCHINSON,
 
 19 
 THE LIFE OF JOHN HUTCHINSON, 
 
 OF OJVTHORPE, 
 
 IN THE COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM, ESQUIREo 
 
 He was the eldest surviving sonne of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson, and' 
 the lady Margarelt, his first wife, one of the daughters of Sr. John 
 Biron, of Newsted, in the same county, two persons so eminently 
 vertuous and pious in their generations, that to descend from them 
 was to sett up in the world upon a good stock of honor, which 
 oblieg'd their posterity to improove it, as much as it was their pri- 
 velledge to inheritt tlieir parents glories. Sr. Thomas was he that 
 remoov'd his dwelling to Owthorpe; his father, though he was pos- 
 sessor of that lordship, having dAvelt at Cropwell, another towne, 
 within two miles wherein he had an inheritance, which if I mistake 
 not was the place where those of the family that begun to settle the 
 name in this county first fixt their habitation. The famely for many 
 generations past have bene of good repute in Yorkshire, and there 
 is yett a gentleman in that county, descendant of the elder house, 
 that possesses a faire estate and reputatioa in his father's auncient 
 inheritance." They have bene in Nottinghamshire for generations; 
 wherein I observe that as if there had bene an Agrarian law in the 
 famely, assoon as they arrived to any considerable fortune beyond 
 
 " AtWykeham Abbey, in the county of York, where it is believed they still reside.
 
 20 
 
 his who was first transplanted hither, they began other houses, 
 of which one is soone decay 'd and worne out in an unwoorlhy 
 branch (he of Basford) another begins to flourish, and long may it 
 prosper." It is further observable in their descent that though none 
 of them before Sr. Thomas Hutchinson advanc'd beyond an esquire, 
 yet they successively matcht into all the most eminent and noble 
 famelies in the country, which shewes that it was the unambitious 
 genius of the famely rather then their want of meritt which made 
 them keepe upon so even a ground after their first atchievements 
 had sett them on a stage elevated enough from the vulgar to per- 
 forme any honorable and vertuous actions, I spoke with one old 
 man who had knoAvne five generations of them in these parts, where 
 their hospitalit}^ their love to their country, their plaine and honest 
 conversation with all men, their generous and vmambitious inclina- 
 tions, had made the famely continue as well belov'd and reputed as 
 any of the prouder houses in the country." Although they chang'd 
 not their titles, yet every succession encreast the reall honor of their 
 house. One disadvantage they had, that few of them were so long 
 Hv'd as to prevent their sons from the bondage of wardship, whereby 
 they fell into the hands of wicked guardians, that defac'd instead of 
 cultivating their seates, and made every heir a new planter. Sir 
 Thomas Hutchinson, as I have heard, was not above eight yeares 
 of age when his father died, and his wardship fell into the hands of 
 an unworthy person, Sr. German Poole, who did him so many iniu- 
 ries, that he was faine, after he came of age, to have suites with 
 him. This so rays'd the mallice of the wicked man that he watcht 
 an opportunity to assassinate him unawares, and as Sr. Thomas was 
 landing out of a boate at the Temple staires in London, Poole 
 
 "" It stood only two generations ; the last possessor, who was the great grandson of 
 Sir Thomas Hutchinson, directing by his will the estate to be sold, and the produce 
 given to strangers. 
 
 ^ Sir Thomas Hutchinson's son and grandson fell no way short of him in this.
 
 n 
 
 having on a private coate, with some wicked assistants, before he 
 was aware, gave him some cutts on the head and his left hand that 
 was upon the boate ; but he full of courage drew his sword, runne 
 at Poole and broke his weapon, which could not enter his false 
 armor, whereupon he runne in to him, resolv'd not to be murther'd 
 without leaving some marke on the villaine; he bitt of his nose, and 
 then, by the assistance God sent him of an honest waterman, being 
 rescued, he was carried away, so sorely wounded that his life was 
 in some danger: but the fact being made publick, his honorable 
 carriage in it procur'd him a great deale of glory, and his adversary 
 carried the marke of his shame to the grave/ After this returning 
 into the country, he there liv'd with very much love, honor, and 
 repute; but having bene toss'd up and downe in his youth, and in- 
 terrupted in his studies, he grew into such an excessive humor of 
 bookes, that he wholly addicted himselfe to them, and deepely en- 
 gaging in schoole divinity, spent even his houres of meate and sleepe 
 among his bookes, with such eagernesse, that though he himselfe 
 attain'd a high reputation of learning thereby, and indeed a greate 
 improovement in wisedome and pietie, yett he too much deprived 
 his deare friends and relations of his conversation. When he was 
 enter'd into this studious life, God tooke from him his deare wife, 
 who left him only two weake children; and then being extreamly 
 aflicted for so deplorable a losse, he entertained his melancholy 
 
 '' This is a singular tale^ and savours almost too much of the ridiculous for the 
 gravity of an historian : however Rushworth recites a story of this same man not a 
 little resembling it. In the appendix to his 2d vol. " Sir German Poole vowed re- 
 venge against a Mr. Brighthouse, shot two pistols at him out of a window, set two ser- 
 vants on him with swords, who ran him through the cloak between the arm and body, 
 but killed him not, he defending himself effectually till Sir German came on, who 
 wounded him, and for which he and another were committed to the Fleet, fined 
 llOOl. &c." This does not seem to have cured him; perhaps the mark set on him by 
 Sir Thomas H. succeeded better. Did Charles the Second take the hint from this 
 when he set assassins to slit Mr. Coventry's nose, which caused the Coventry act to 
 pass?
 
 22 
 
 among the old fathers and schoolemen, instead of diverting it, and 
 having furnisht himselfe Avith the choycest hbrary in that part of 
 England, it drew to him all the learned and religious men there- 
 abouts, who found better resolutions from him then from any of his 
 bookes. Living constantly in the country, he could not be ex- 
 empted from administ'ring justice among them, which he did with 
 such equitie and wisdome, and was such a defender of the coun- 
 trie's interest, that, without affecting it at all, he grew the most po- 
 pular and most belov'd man in the country, even to the envie of 
 those prouder greate ones that despis'd the common interest. 
 What others sought, he could not shun, being still sought by the 
 whole county, to be their representative, to which he was several 
 times elected,^ and ever faithful to his trust and his countries in- 
 terest, though never approoving violence and faction. He was a 
 man of a most moderate and wise spiritt, but still so enclin'd to 
 favour the oppressed saints and honest people of those times, that, 
 though he conformed to the government, the licentious and profane 
 encroachers upon common native rights branded him Avith the re- 
 proach of the world, though the glory of good men, Puritanisme; 
 yet notwithstanding he continued constant to the best interest, and 
 died at London in the year 1643, a sitting member of that glorious 
 Parliament that so generously attempted, and had almost effected, 
 England's perfect liberty. He was a person of greate beautie and 
 comelinesse in all ages,' of a bounteous and noble nature, of cleare 
 
 ^ He was omitted only in that parliament which was chosen at a time when he and 
 other patriots were imprisoned to prevent their being re-elected. See note % page 30. 
 
 =■ His picture remained at Owthorpe, and very well justified this description. For 
 the bounty and nobleness of his nature take this instance from Thoroton's histoiy of 
 Notts. " Henry Sacheverell, Esq. being dissatisfied with his only daughter for an 
 improper marriage, left his whole estate at Ratcliff upon Soar to Sir Thomas Hutch- 
 inson, his sister's son, who willingly divided it with the disinherited lady." His moiety 
 came afterwards to Alderman Ireton, being saciificed to him through necessity by 
 Col. Hutchinson, as will hereafter be shewn.
 
 -23 
 
 courage, sweete and aflable conversation, of a publick spiritt, of 
 greate prudence and reputation, a true lover of all pious learned 
 persons, and no lesse of honest plaine people, of a most tender 
 conscience, and therefore declaring much ior and endeavouring mo- 
 deration, if it had bene possible in the beginning of our wans that 
 the greatest wisedome could have cast on any dropps of healing 
 councel, to have allay'd the furious rage of both parties. Though 
 never man was a deeper nor truer mourner than he for his first wife, 
 yett that long dropping griefe did but soften his heart for the im- 
 pression of a second love, which he conceiv'd for a very honorable 
 and beautifull lady, who was Katherine the youngest daughter of 
 Sr. John Stanhope, of Elvaston, a noble famely in Derbyshire, by 
 whom he had a sonne and two daughters surviving him, not un- 
 worthy of their famely. 
 
 Mr. John Hutchinson, the eldest of his surviving sons, by his 
 first wife, was borne at Nottingham in the month of September, in 
 the year I616. That yeare there had bene a greate drought, by 
 reason of Avhich the country Avould not afford his father any }:)rovi- 
 sion for his stables, so that he was forc'd to remoove from Owthorpe 
 to winter in the towne of Nottingham, somewhat before his lady's 
 time of account. She being in the coach on her way thither, and 
 seing her husband in some danger b}^ reason of a mettled horse he 
 ridd upon, tooke a fright, and was brought to bed the next day, as 
 they imagin'd some three Aveekes before her time, and they were 
 confirm'd in that opinion by the weakenesse of the child, which con- 
 tinued all his infancy. When he was borne there was an elder bro- 
 ther in the famely, but he died a child. Two yeares and a lialf after 
 this was Mr. George Hutchinson, his younger brother, borne at 
 Owthorpe, and halfe a yeare after his birth the two children lost 
 their mother, who died of a cold she had taken, and was buried at 
 Owthorpe. She Avas a lady of a noble famely as any in the county, 
 of an incomparable shape and beauty, embellish t with the best edu- 
 
 G
 
 24 
 
 cation those dayes aflfordcd, and above all had such a generous 
 virtue ioined with attractive sweetenesse, that she captivated the 
 hearts of all that knew her : she was pious, liberall, courteous, pa- 
 tient, kind above an ordinary degree, ingenuous to all things she 
 would applie hei"selt"to, and notwithstanding she had had her edu- 
 cation att court, Avas delighted in her own country habitation, and 
 managed all her faniely affaires better then any of the homespun 
 huswifes, that had been brought up to nothing elce : she was a most 
 atfectionate wife, a greale lover of her father's house, shewing that 
 true honor to parents is the leading virtue, which seldome wants the 
 concomitancy of all the rest of honor's traine. She was a wise and 
 bountifull mistresse in her famely, a blessing to her tenants and 
 neighbourhood, and had an indulgent tendernesse to her infants; 
 but death veil'd all her mortal glories in the 26th yeare of her age. 
 The stories I have receiv'd of her have bene but scanty epitaphs of 
 those things which were worthy a large chronicle, and a better 
 recorder then I can be, I shall therefore draw againe the sable cur- 
 teine before that image which I have ventur'd to looke at a little, 
 but dare not undertake to discover to others. One that was present 
 at her death told me that she had an admirable voyce, and skill to 
 manage it, and that she went away singing a psalme, Avhicli this 
 maid apprehended she sung with so much more then usuall sweete- 
 nesse, as if her soule had bene already ascended into the coelestial 
 quire. 
 
 There is a story of her father and mother so memorable that 
 though it be not alltogether pertinent to their grandchild's affaires, 
 which I only intend, yet I shall here putt it in, since the third ge- 
 neration, for whom I make this collection, is not alltogether uncon- 
 cern'd in the greate grandfather. He (the great grandfather) Avas 
 not the eldest sonne of his father Sr. John Biron, but had an elder 
 brother that had married a private gentlesman's daughter in the 
 country, and so displeas'd his father in that match, that he intended
 
 25 
 
 an equall part of his estate to this Sr. John Biron, his younger sonne, 
 and thereupon married him to a young lady who was one of the 
 daughters of my lord Fitz William, that had bene deputy of Ireland 
 in the reigne of Queene Elizabeth, and liv'd as a prince in that 
 country." This daughter of his having an honorable aspiring to all 
 things excellent, and being assisted by the greate education her 
 father gave her, attained to a high degree of learning and language, 
 to such an excellencie in musick and poetry, that she made rare 
 compositions in both kinds; and there was not any of those extra- 
 ordinary quallities, which are therefore more glorious, because more 
 rare in the female sex, but she was excellent in them: and besides 
 all these ornaments of soule, she had a body of as admirable forme 
 and beauty, which iustly made her husband so infinitely enamour'd 
 of her as never man was more. She could not sett too high a value 
 on herselfe if she compar'd herselfe with other weomen of those 
 times, yett it was an allay to her glories that she was a little griev'd 
 that a lesse Avoman, the elder brother's wife, was superior to her in 
 regard of her husband, the' inferior in regard of her birth and 
 person; but that griefe was soone remoov'd by a sad accident. 
 That man-iage, Avherein the father had not bene obey'd, was fruite- 
 lesse, and the young gentleman hiraselfe being given to youthful 
 vanity, as he was one day to goe out a hunting with his father, had 
 commanded something should be pult under the saddle of a young 
 serving man, that was to goe out with them, to make sport at his 
 affright, when liis horse should proove unquiett. The thing suc- 
 ceeded as it was dcsign'd, and made them such sport, that the young 
 
 ^ By mistake Mrs. Hutchinson calls liim lord. The person here meant was Sir 
 William Fitzwilliam, appointed governor of Ireland seven times, with the different 
 titles of Lord Justice and Lord Deputy, b}' that distinguishing and judicious princess. 
 A sufficient eulogy! From him descends in a direct line the present Earl Fitzwilhani. 
 Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis. The reader will most likely find this episode too 
 beautiful and affecting to think it needs the apology the writer makes.
 
 26 
 
 gentleman, in the passion of laughter, died, and turn'd their mirth 
 into mourning; leaving a sad caveat by his example, to take heed 
 of hazarding men's precious lives for a little sport. The younger 
 brother by this means became the heire of the famely, and was 
 father of a numerous and hopeful issue. But while the incom- 
 parable mother shin'd in all the humane glorie she wisht, and had 
 the crownc of all outward felicity to the full, in the enioyment of 
 the mutuall love of her most beloved husband, God in one moment 
 tooke it away, and alienated her most excellent understanding in a 
 difficult childbirth, wherein she brought forth two daughters which 
 liv'd to be married, and one more that died, I think assoone or 
 before it was borne:' but after that, all the art of the best physitians 
 in England could never restore her understanding; yet she was not 
 frantick, but had such a pretty deliration, that her ravings were 
 more delightfull then other women's most rationall conversations. 
 Upon this occasion her husband gave himselfe up to live retired 
 with her, as became her condition, and made hast to marrie his 
 Sonne, which he did so young that I have heard say Avhen the first 
 child Avas borne, the father, mother, and child, covdd not make one- 
 and-thirty yeares old. The daughters and the rest of the children 
 as soon as they grew up were married and disperst. I think I have 
 heard she had some children after that childbirth Avhich distemper'd 
 her, and then my lady Hutchinson must have bene one of them, 
 for she was the youngest daughter, and at nine yeares old so taking, 
 and of such an amiable conversation, that the lady Arabella'' would 
 
 ■^ The twins here mentioned as daughters are said by Thoroton to have been sons, 
 viz. Sir John, presently herein spoken of as the brother-in-law of Sir Thomas Hutch- 
 inson, and Sir Nicholas, who served Charles the Tirst with the same zeal as the rest of 
 that fiuiiily. 
 
 "* By the lady Arabella is here meant the lady Arabella Stuart, whose romantic 
 and melancholy story is told by Rapin, vol. ii. p. l6l and 189, in the reign of James 
 the First. That mcan-soul'd tyrant shut her up in the Tower, where she died, not 
 without suspicion of poison.
 
 27 
 
 needs take her from her parents, allong with her to the court, where 
 she minded nothing but her lady, and grew up so intimate in all 
 her councells, that the princesse was more delighted in her then in 
 any of the weomen about her, but when she (the princess) was 
 carried away from them to prison, my ladle's brother fetcht her home 
 to his house; and there although his wife, a most prudent and ver- 
 tuous ladie, labour'd to comfort her with all imaginable kindnesse, 
 yet soe constant was her friendship to the unfortunate princesse, as 
 I have heard her servants say, even after her marriage, she would 
 steale many melancholly houres to sitt and weepe in remembrance 
 of her. Meanewhile her parents were driving on their age, in no 
 lesse constancy of love to each other, when even that distemper 
 which had estrang'd her mind in all things elce, had left her love 
 and obedience entire to her husband, and he retein'd the same fond- 
 riesse and respect for her, after she was distemper'd, as when she 
 was the glory of her age. He had two beds in one chamber, and 
 she being a little sick, two weomen watcht by her, some time before 
 she died. It was his custome, as soon as ever he unclos'd his eies, 
 to aske how she did; but one night, he being as they thought in a 
 deepe sleepe, she quietly departed towards the morning. He Avas 
 that day to have gone a hunting, his usuall exercise for his health, 
 and it was his custome to have his chaplaine pray with him before 
 he went out: the weomen, fearfull to surprize him with the ill newes, 
 knowing his deare affection to her, had stollen out and acquainted 
 the chaplaine, desiring him to informe him of it. Sr. John wakino-, 
 did not that day, as Avas his custome, ask for her, but call'd the 
 cliaplaine to prayers, and ioyning with him, in the middst of the 
 prayer, expir d, and both of them were buried together in the same 
 grave. Whether he perceiv'd her death and would not take notice, 
 or whether some strange sympathy in love or nature, tied up their 
 lives in one, or whether God was pleas'd to exercise an unusuall 
 providence towards them, preventing them both from that bitter
 
 28 , 
 
 sorrow which such separations cause, it can be but coniectur'd; but 
 the thing being not ordinary, and having receiv'd it from the re- 
 lation of one of his daughters and his grandchild, I thought it 
 not impertinent here to insert, I shall now proceed to our OAvne 
 story. 
 
 Assoone as my lady Hutchinson was dead, her brother, Sr. John 
 Biron, came over and found the most desolate aflicted widower 
 that ever was beheld, and one of his sisters, the lady Ratcliflfe, who 
 was the deare sister of the dead lady, scarce allive for sorrow; and. 
 indeed such an universall lamentation in the house and neighbour- 
 hood, that the protraction of their griefes for such a funerall as was 
 intended her, might possibly have made them all as she: Sr. John 
 tlierefore the next morning privately, unknowne to her husband, 
 with only her owne famely, carried her to the church, which was 
 but the next door, and enterr'd her without further ceremony. It 
 booted not Sr. Thomas tobe angric att her friend's care of him, who 
 'persued it so farre, that the next day he carried away Sr. Thomas, 
 lady Radcliffe, and Mr. John Hutchinson, towards his owne house 
 at Bulwell, leaving ]\Ir. George at his nurse's. But the horses of 
 the coach being mettled, in the halfway betweene Owthorpe and 
 Nottingham runne away, overthrew it, and slightly hurt all that 
 were in the coach; who all gott out, one by one, except the maid 
 that had the child in her arms, and she stay'd as long as there was 
 any hope of preventing the coach from being torne to pieces: but 
 when she saw no stop could be given to the mad horses, she lapp'd 
 him as close as she could in the manlle, and flung him as farre as 
 she could from the coach into the plow'd lands, whose furrows were 
 at that time very soft, and by the good providence of God the cliild, 
 reserv'd to a more glorious death, had no apparent hurt. He was 
 taken up and carried to Bulwell, where his aunt had such a mo- 
 therly tendernesse for him that he grew and prosper'd in her care. 
 As the fresh memory and excessive love they bore the mother en-
 
 29 
 
 dear'd the young child to all her relations at the first, so as he 
 grew, he discover'd so much groAving wisdome, agillity, and prettie 
 spritefullnesse, had such a naturall gravity M'ithout sullennesse, and 
 such sweete innocence, that every child of the lamely lov'd him 
 belter than their owne brothers and sisters, and Sr. John Biron and 
 my lady were not halfe so fond of any of their owne. When it was 
 time for them to go to schoole, both the brothers were sent to board 
 with Mr. Theobalds, the master of the free schoole att Nottingham, 
 Avho was an excellent schollar, but having no children, some wealth, 
 and a little living that kept his house, first grew lazie, and after left 
 of his schoole. Sr. Thomas then remoov'd his sons to the free 
 schoole at Lincolne, Avhere there was a master very famous for 
 learning and piety, ISIr. Clearke, but he was such a supercilious 
 pedant, and so conceited of his owne pedantique forms, that he 
 gave INIr. Hutchinson a disgust of him, and he profited very little 
 there. At this place it was that God began early to exercise him 
 with afliction and temptation: he was depriv'd of the attendance 
 and care he had bene us'd to, and mett Avith many inconveniences, 
 unsuitable to his tender and nice constitution i but this Avas little, 
 for he had such discretion in his childhood that he understood what 
 was fitt for him to require, and governed Avhereere he liv'd; for he 
 ■would not be denied reasonable, and Avould not aske other things. 
 He Avas as a father over his brother, and having some advantage of 
 y cares, tooke upon him to be the guide of his youth, yet Avith such 
 love, that never Avere children more commendable and happie in 
 mutuall affections: but it pleas'd God to strike his brother Avith a 
 sad disease, the falling sicknesse, Avherein Mr. Hutchinson most 
 carefully attended him Avhile he continued at Lincolne, Avhicli his 
 father permitted him to doe, for the opertunity of Dr. Pridgeon, one 
 of the best physitians in those parts. When he had in veine exercis'd 
 all his art on the young gentleman, and that he found no successe 
 in it, he advis'd he should returne to his father's house, and be
 
 30 
 
 entertain'd with all the sports that could be found to delight his mind 
 or exercise his body. Accordingly he Avas carried home, and had a 
 pack of hounds, huntsmen, and horses kept for him, and was some- 
 thing recreated, but not cured thereby, till afterward it pleased God 
 to effect that cure b}^ a young practitioner, which the ablest phi- 
 sitians of the country could not worke. The separation from this 
 brother to whom he had such an entire affection, considered with 
 the sad occasion of it, was a greate afliction to the elder brother, 
 who remain'd in a place where he had little to delight him, having 
 an aversion to his austere pedantique master, and that encreast by 
 an opinion that his severitie had bene the cause of his deare brother's 
 distemper. 
 
 The ijreate encouraoement Sr. Thomas had to trust his sons in 
 this towne, was, because att that time, a gentleman inhabited there 
 who had married his uncle's widow, and had bene his fellow-sufferer 
 in a confmement in Kent, when King Charles the First had broken 
 up a parliament to the disgust of the people, and durst not trust 
 those gentlemen that had bene most faithfull defenders of their 
 countries interests, to returne for some time to their owne countries, 
 for which they serv'd." Of these worthy patriots Sr. Thomas Hutch- 
 inson and Sr. Thomas Grantham, the gentleman of whom I am 
 speaking, were confined from Nottingham and Lincolneshire to the 
 house of one Sr. Adam Newton in Kent ; the good father little 
 thinking then, that in that fatall countrie, his sonne should suffer 
 an imprisonment, upon the same account to the destruction of his 
 
 ' This piece of history is mentioned by Rapin, Sir Thomas Grantham is named, 
 but Sir Thomas Hutchinson and laany others not named. It appears, in Thoroton's 
 History of JSottingham, edited by Tiirosby, that this confinement so far answered the 
 purpose of Charles the First, that it caused another to be chosen instead of Sir Thomas 
 Hutchinson, Knight of the Shire; but as soon as Sir Thomas got free he was again 
 chosen, and continued to represent the county till. his death.
 
 31 
 
 life and faniely. Sr. Thomas Grantham Avas a gentleman of greate 
 repute in his country, and kept up all his life the old hospitallity of 
 England, having a greate retinue and a noble table, and a resort of 
 all the nobillily and gentry in those parts. He had only two sons, 
 whereof the eldest was a fine gentleman, bred be}- ond the seas, ac- 
 cording to the best education of those times ; the other was a foolish 
 youth, schoolefellow with Mr. Hutchinson, who every Saturday 
 night was fetcht from schoole to Sr. Thomas Grantham's, and re- 
 tm'n'd againe the Munday morning. Upon the intimate friendship 
 betweene Sr. Thomas Hutchinson and this gentleman, Sr. Thomas 
 Hutchinson had a lodging always kept for him at Lincolne, and 
 was very often there. My Lady Grantham had with her a very 
 pretty young gentlewoman, whom she brought with her out oif 
 Kent, the daughter of Sr. Adam Newton; my lady's designe was to 
 begin an early acquaintance, which might after draw on a marriage 
 betweene her and Mr. Hutchinson, and it tooke such effect that 
 there was a greate inclination in the young gentlewoman to him ; 
 and so much good nature on his side, as amounted to a mutuall 
 respect, and such a friendship as their youth was capable of, which 
 the parents and others that wisht soe, interpreted to be a passion of 
 love ; but if it were, death quencht the flame, and ravisht the 
 young lady from him in the sweete blooming of her youth. That 
 night she died, he lay in his father's chamber, and by accident 
 being very sick, it was imputed to that cause, but he himselfe least 
 perceiv'd he had any more of love for her, then gratitude for her 
 kindnesse to him, upon which account her death was an afliction 
 to him, and made that house which had bene his reliefe from his 
 hated schoole lesse pleasant to him : especially when he mett there 
 continuall sollicitations to sin by the travel'd gentleman, who living 
 in all seeming sobriety before his father, Avas in his owne chamber 
 not only vicious himselfe, but full of endeavour to corrupt Mr. 
 Hutchinson, who by the grace of God resisted and detested his fre- 
 
 H
 
 32 
 
 quent temptations ot" all kinds. The advantage he had at this 
 schoole, there being very many gentlemen's sons there, an old low- 
 country souldier was entertain'd to traine them in arms, and they 
 all bought themselves weapons, and instead of childish sports, when 
 they were not at their bookes, were exercis'd in all their military pos- 
 tures, and in assaults and defences ; Avhich instruction was not use- 
 lesse in a few yeares after, to some of them : Col. Thornhagb, who 
 was now train'd in this sportive millitia, Avitli Col. Hutchinson, 
 afterwards was his fellow souldier in earnest, when the greate cause 
 of God's and England's rights, came to be disputed with swords 
 against encroaching princes. Sr. Thomas Grantham dying, Mr. 
 Hutchinson was removed from Lincolne to the freeschoole at Not- 
 tingham, where his father married a second wife, and for a Avhile 
 went up to London with her, leaving his sonne at bord in a very 
 religious house, where new superstitious and pharisaical holiness, 
 straining at gnatts and swallowing camels gave him a little disgust, 
 and was a while a stumbling block in his Avay of purer profession, 
 when he saw among professors such unsuitable miscarriages. There 
 was now a change in the condition and contentment of his life ; he 
 was old enough to be sensible that his father's second love and mar- 
 riage to a person of such quallity, as required a setllement for her 
 sonne, must needs be a lessening to his expectation, but he Avas so 
 affectionate to his father that he receiv'd it very conlenledly, and 
 reioic'd in his remoove, comming from a supercilious pedant to a very 
 honest man; Avho using him with respect advanc'd him more in one 
 month then the other did in a year. This tied him to no observation, 
 nor restrein'd him from no pleasure, nor needed not, for he was so 
 moderate when he was left at his liberty that he needed no regulation. 
 The familliar kindnesse of his master, made him now begin to love that 
 which the other's austerity made him loath; and in a yeare's time he 
 advanc'd exceedingly in learning, and was sent to Cambridge. He 
 was made a fellow-commoner of Peter Plouse, under the tuition of one
 
 S3 
 
 Mr. Norwich, an admirable schollar, who by his civill demeanor to 
 him wonnc so much upon liis good nature, that he lov'd and reve- 
 renc'd him as a father, and betooke himselfe with such dehght to 
 his studies that he attain'd to a greate height of learning, pertbrm'd 
 publick exercises in his colledge with much applause, and upon 
 their importunity took a degree in the university, whereof he Avas at 
 that time the grace, there not being any gentleman in the towne 
 that lived with such regularity in himselfe, and such generall love and 
 good esteeme of all persons as he did. He kept not companie with 
 any of the vaine young persons, but with the graver men, and those 
 by whose conversation he might gaine improovement. He was con- 
 stant at their chapcll, Avhere he began to take notice of their 
 stretching superstition to idolatry; and Avas courted much into a 
 more solemne practise of it then he could admit, though yet he 
 considered not the emptinesse and carnallitie, to say no more, of 
 that publick service which was then in use. For his exercise he 
 practis'd tennis, and play'd admirable well att it ; for his diversion, 
 he chose musick, and gott a very good hand, which afterwards he 
 improov'd to a greate mastery on the violl; there were masters that 
 tailght to dance and valt, whom he practis'd Avith, being very agile 
 and apt for all such becoming exercises: his father stinted not his 
 expence, Avhich the bounty of his mind made pretty large, for he 
 was very liberall to his tutors, and servitors, and to the meaner of- 
 ficers of the house. He was entic'd to bow to their greate idoll 
 learning, and had a higher veneration for it a long time than can 
 strictly be allow'd, yet he then look'd upon it as a handmaid to de- 
 votion, and as the greate improover of natural reason. His tutor 
 and the masters that govern'd the colledge while he was there, Avere 
 of Arminian principles, and that colledge Avas noted above all for 
 popish superstitious practises, yet through the grace of God, not- 
 withstanding the mutuall kindnesse the whole household had for 
 him and he for them, he came aAvay, after five yearcs study there,
 
 34 
 
 untainted with those principles or practises, though not yet enlight- 
 ened to discerne the spring of them in the rites and usages of the 
 English church. 
 
 When he came from the university, he was about twenty yeares 
 of age, and rclurned to his father's house, who had now settled his 
 habitation at Nottingham ; but he there enjoyed no greate delight, 
 another brood of children springing up in the house, and the servants 
 endeayouring with tales and flatteries to sow dissention on both 
 sides. Therefore, having a greate reverence for his father, and being 
 hot willing to disturb him with complaints, as soon as he could ob- 
 teine his leave he Avent to London. In the meane time the best 
 company the towne afforded him, was a gentleman of as exquisite 
 breeding and parts as England's Court ever enjoy 'd, one that was 
 now married, and retir'd into this towne, one of such admirable 
 power of language and perswasion as was not anie where else to be 
 found; but after all this, discontents or the debaucheries of the 
 times had so infected him, that he M'ould not only debauch him- 
 selfe, but make a delight to corrupt others for his sport: some he 
 would commend into such a vaine-glorious humor, that they be- 
 came pleasantly ridiculous ; some he would teach apish postures 
 and make them believe themselves rare men, some he would en- 
 courage to be poets and laugh at their ridiculous rhimes, some 
 young preachers he would make stage-players in their pulpitts, and 
 severall wayes sported himself with the follies of most of the young 
 men that he converst with. There was not any way which he left 
 impractis'd upon Mr. Hutchinson ; but when, with all his art and 
 industry he found he could not prevaile, then he turn'd seriously to 
 give him such excellent advice aitd instructions for living in the 
 world as were not afterward unuseful to him.^ There was besides 
 
 ' Who tlic first gentleman was does no where appear. The Physician here meant, 
 is Dr. Plumtre, of whom much more will be said in this work.
 
 35 
 
 this gentleman a young phisitian, who was a good schollar and had 
 a great deale of witt, but withall a profest atheist, and so proud 
 insolent a scurrilous fellow, daring to abuse all persons hoAv much 
 soever above him, that he was throwne out of familliarity with the 
 greate people of the country, though his excellency in his profession 
 made him to be taken in againe. — There was alsoe an old man, who 
 had bene Mr. Hutchinson's first schoolemaster, a person once of 
 greate learning, but afterwards becomming a cinick, yet so plea- 
 santly maintaining that kind of humor, that his conversation was 
 sometimes a good diversion. These were Mr. Hutchinson's com- 
 panions, yet, through the grace of God, had not power to infect 
 him, who, like a bee, suckt a greate deale of honie from these 
 bitter flowers. At that time, there was in the towne a young maid, 
 beautifull, and esteemed to be very rich, but of base parantage and 
 penurious educal ion, though else ingenuous enough: she was the 
 grandchild of an old phisitian, and from her childhood, having bene 
 accpiainted wiih Mr. Hutchinson, who used to visitt her grand- 
 mother, she had conceiv'd a kindnesse for him, Avhich though he 
 civilly resented,^ his greate heart could never stoope to thinke of 
 marrying into so meane a stock ; yet by reason of some liking he 
 shew'd of her company, and the melancholly he had, with some dis- 
 contents at home, she was Avilling to Hatter herselfe that it was love 
 for her, wherein, when she discover'd her mistake it was a greate 
 griefe. However she was, without much love on cither side, mar- 
 ried to an earle's sonne, and both of them, wanting the ground of 
 happinesse in marriage, muttuall love, enioy'd but little felicity, 
 either in their greate fortunes or in one another.'' 
 
 s Resent, in English, never used but in a bad sense; in French^ ressenlir is used 
 to signify a reciprocal sentiment of kindness as well as unkindness. 
 
 '' It is written in the margin by Julius Hutchinson, Esq. probably from the in- 
 formation given him by Lady Catharine Hutchinson, that this lady's name was Mar- 
 tin, and the gentleman who married her Mr. Pierrepont. It would not have been
 
 36 
 
 In the house with Mr. Hutchinson, there was a young gentle- 
 woman, of such admirable tempting beauty, and such excellent 
 good nature, as would have thaAv'd a rock of ice, yett even she 
 could never gett an acquaintance with him : wealth and beauty thus 
 in vaine tempted him, for it was not yett his time of love ; but it was 
 not farre of. He was now sent to London, and admitted of Lin- 
 coln's Inne, where he was soone coveted into the acquaintance of 
 some gendemen of the house, but found them so frothy and so 
 vaine, and could so ill centre with them in their delights, that the 
 towne beo-an to be tedious to him, who was neither taken with 
 wine, nor game, nor the converse of wicked or vaine weomen, to 
 all which he wanted not poAverfull tempters, had not the power of 
 God's orace in him bene above them. He tried a little the study of 
 the law, but finding it unpleasant and contrary to his genius, and 
 the plague that spring beginning to drive people out of the towne, 
 he beo-an to thinke of leavino; it, but had no inclination to returne 
 home, finding his father's heart so sett upon his second famely, that 
 his presence was but disturbance : yet his father was wonderfully 
 free and noble to him in allowance, at all places, as large as any 
 of his quallity had made to them, and it Avas very well bestow'd on 
 him, who consum'd nothing in vaine expence, but liv'd to the honor 
 of his friends and famely. For his diversion, he exercis'd himselfe in 
 those quallities he had not had so good opertunities for in the coun- 
 try, as dancing, fencing, and musick, wherein he had greate apt- 
 nesse and addresse, and entertaining the best tutors, was at sonie 
 expence that way, and loath to leave them of before he had per- 
 fected himselfe. However, manie things putting him into the 
 
 thouglit worth while to inform the reader of these minute particuhus in a note, but 
 but for the sake of pointing out the accuracy with wliich Mr. Jiihus Hutchinson read 
 and remarked upon this history, and the full knowledge he had of all the circumstances 
 of Col. Hutchinson's life.
 
 37 
 
 thoughts of quitting the towne, while he was in dehberation how to 
 dispose of himselfe, and had some reflections upon travell, a cousin 
 gcrnian of his, a French merchant, came to visit him one moining, 
 and told him, he was immediately going into France, and under- 
 standing Mr. Hutchinson had some such inclination, had allmost 
 perswaded him tcf goe along with him. Tlie only obstacle in the 
 way, was that his father could not be acquainted with it time 
 enough to receive his answer before they went. While he was in 
 this deliberation, his musick-master came in, to whom he communi- 
 cated his thoughts, and the man told him, it was better to go into 
 France, att the latter end then the beginning of summer, and that 
 if he pleas'd, in the meane time, to goe to Richmond, where the 
 Prince's court was, he had a house there, where he might be ac- 
 commodated, and there was very good company and recreations, 
 the king's hawkes being kept neere the place, and severall other 
 conveniences. Mr. Hutchinson considering this, resolv'd to accept 
 his offer; and that day telling a gentleman of the house whither he 
 was going, the gentleman bid him take heed of the place, for it was 
 so fatall for love, that never any young disengag'd person went 
 thither, Avho return'd againe free. Mr. Hutchinson laughtathim, 
 but he to confirme it, told him a very true story of a gentleman, who 
 not long before had come for some time to lodge there, and found 
 all the people he came in company with, bewailing the death of a 
 gentlewoman, that had lived there. Hearing her so much deplor'd 
 he made enquiry after her, and grew so in love with the description, 
 that no other discourse could at first please him, nor could he at 
 last endure any other ; he grew desperately melancholly, and would 
 goe to a mount Avhere the print of her foote was cutt, and lie there 
 pining and kissing of it all the day long, till att length death in 
 some months space concluded his languishment. This story was 
 very true ; but Mr. Hutchinson was neither easie to believe it, nor 
 frighted at the example; thinking himselfe not likely to make
 
 38 
 
 another. He therefore went to Richmond, where he found a greate 
 deale of good young company, and many ingenuous persons, that 
 by reason of the court, Avhere the young princes were bred, enter- 
 tained themselves in that place, and had frequent resort to the house 
 where Mr. Hutchinson tabled : the man being a skilfull composer 
 in musick, the rest of the king's musitians often met at his house to 
 practise new ayres and prepare them for the king ; and divers of 
 the gentlemen and ladies that were affected with nmsick, came 
 thither to heare ; others that were not, tooke that pretence, to enter- 
 tain themselves with the companie. Mr. Hutchinson was soone 
 courted into their acquaintance and invited lo their houses, Avhere 
 he was nobly treated, with all the attractive ails, that young weomen 
 and their parents use to procure them lovers, but though some of 
 them Avere very handsome, others wealthy, wittie, well quallified, 
 all of them sett out with all the gayety and bravery, that vaine 
 weomen put on to sett themselves of, yet Mr. Hutchinson could not 
 be intangled in any of their fine snares, but without any taint of 
 incivillity, in such a way of handsome rallerie reproov'd their pride 
 and vanitie as made them asham'd of their glory, and vext that he 
 alone, of all the young gentlemen, that belong'd to the court or 
 neighbourhood, should be insensible of their charms. In the same 
 house vvith him, there was a younger daughter of Sr. Allen Apsley, 
 late lieftenant of the Towdr, tabled for the practice of her lute, till 
 the returne of her mother, who was gone into Wiltshire for the ac- 
 complishment of a treaty that had bene made some progresse in, 
 abovit the marriage of her elder daughter, with a gentleman of that 
 covmtry, out of which my lady herself came, and where her brothers 
 Sr. John St. John and Sr. Edward Hungerford, living in greate honor 
 and reputation, had invited her to a visitt of them. This gentle- 
 woman, that was left in the house with Mr. Hutchinson, was a very 
 child, her elder sister being at that time scarcely past it, but a child 
 of such pleasantnesse, and vivacity of spiritt, and ingenuity in the
 
 39 
 
 quallily she practis'd, that INlr. Hutchinson tooke pleasure in hear- 
 ing her practise, and would fall in discourse with her. She liaviao- 
 the keyes of her mother's house, some halfc a mile distant, would 
 some times aske Mr. Hutchinson, when she went over to walk along 
 "xvilh her: one day when he was there, looking upon an odde by- 
 shelf, in her sister's closett, he found a few La tine bookes ; asking 
 whose they were, he was told lliey were her elder sister's, where- 
 upon, enquiring more after her, he began first to be sorrie she was 
 gone, before he had scene her, and gone upon such an account, 
 that he was not likely to see her ; then he grew to love to heare 
 mention of her, and the other gentleweomen who had bene her 
 companions, used to talke much to him of her, telling him how 
 reserved and studious she was, and other things which they esteem'd 
 no advantage ; but it so much inflam'd Mr. Hutchinson's desire of 
 seeing her, that he began to wonder at himselfe, that his heart, 
 which had ever had such an indifterency for the most excellent of 
 weomenkind, should have so strong impulses towards a stranger, he 
 never saw; and certainly it was of the Lord, (though he perceiv'd 
 it not), who had ordein'd him, thro' so many various providences, 
 to be yoak'd with her in whom he found so much satisfaction. 
 There scarcely past any day, but some accident or some discourse 
 still kept alive his desire of seeing this gentlewoman, although the 
 mention of her, for the most part, was enquiries whether she had 
 yett accomplisht the marriage that was in treaty. One day there 
 was a greate deale of company mett att Mr. Coleman's, the gentle- 
 man's house where he tabled, to heare the musick, and a certeine 
 song was sung, which had bene lately sett, and gave occasion to 
 some of the company to mention an answer to it, which was in the 
 house, and upon some of their desires read : a gentleman saying 
 'twas believ'd that a woman in the neiohbourhood had made it, it 
 was presently enquir'd who.'' whereupon a gentleman, then present, 
 who had made the fii'st song, sayd, there were but two weomen that 
 
 I
 
 40 
 
 could be guilty of it, Avlieicof one was a lady then among them, 
 the other Mrs. Apslcy. Mr. Hutchinson, fancying something of 
 rationallity in the sonnett, beyond the customary I'each of a she- 
 witl, although, to speake truth, it signified very little, addrest him- 
 selfe to the gentleman, and told him, he could scarcely believe it 
 was a woman's, whereu[)on this gentleman, Avho was a man of good 
 understanding and expression, and inspir'd with some passion for 
 her himselfe, which made him regard all her perfections through a 
 multiplying glasse, told Mr. Hutchinson, that though for ci\ ilHty to 
 the rest, he entitled another ladie to the song, yet he was confident 
 it was Mrs. Apsley's only, for she had sence above all the rest, and 
 fell into such high prayses of her, as might well have begotten those 
 vehement desires of her acquaintance, Avhich a strange sympathie in 
 nature had before produc'd : another gentleman, that sate by, 
 seconded this commendation, with such additions of prayse, as he 
 would not have given if he had known her. Mr. Hutchinson hear- 
 ing all this, sayd to the first gentleman, I cannot be at rest till this 
 ladie's relurne, that I may be acquainted with her ; the gentleman 
 replied, " Sir, you must not expect that, for she is of an humour she 
 will not be acquainted with any of mankind, and however this song 
 IS stolen forth, she is the nicest creature in the world of suffering her 
 perfections to be knowne, she shuns the converse of men as the 
 plague, she only lives in the enioyment of herself, and has not the 
 humanitie to communicate that happinesse to any of our sex :" 
 " Well," sayd Mr. Hutchinson, " but 1 will be acquainted with 
 her;" and indeed the information of this reserv'd lumiour, pleas'd 
 him, more then all elce he had heard, and fill'd him now with 
 thoughts, how he should attaine the sight and knowledge of Ikm". 
 While he was exercis'd in this, many days past not, but a foolcboy 
 of my lady her mothers came to young Mrs. Apsley ' as they were 
 
 ' It was tlie custom at tliat time to cull young ladies Mistress, not Miss. Shake- 
 speare calls Ann i^age, Mrs. Ann.
 
 41 
 
 at dinner bringing ncwcs that her mother and sister would in few 
 dayes return ; and when they enquir'd of him, whether Mrs. Apslej 
 Avas married ; having before bene instructed to make them beheve 
 it, he smiled, and pull'd out some bride laces, which were given at 
 a wedding, in the house wdicre she was, and gave them to the young 
 gentlewoman and the gentleman's daughter of the house, and told 
 them Mrs. Apsley bade him tell no news, but give them those 
 tokens, and carried the matter so, that all the companie believ'd 
 she had bene married. Mr. Hutchinson immediately turned pale as 
 ashes, and felt a fainling to seize his spiritts, in that extraordinary 
 manner, that finding himselfe ready to sinke att table, he was faine 
 to pretend something had oifended his stomach, and to retire from 
 the table, into the garden, where the gentleman of the house going 
 with him, it was not necessary for him to feigne sicknesse, for the 
 distemper of his mind had infected his body with a cold sweate and 
 such a dispersion of spirilt, that all the courage he could at present 
 recollect was little enough to keep him allive. His host was ver}' 
 troublesome to him, and to be quitt of him he went to his chamber, 
 saying he would lie downe. Little did any of the company suspect 
 the true cause of his sudden qualme, and they Avere all soe troubled 
 att it, that the boy then past without further examination. When 
 Mr. Hutchinson was alone he began to recollect his wisdome and 
 his reason, and to wonder att himselfe, why he should be so con- 
 ccrn'd in an unknowne person ; he then remember'd the story was 
 told him, when he came downe, and began to believe there Avas 
 some magick in the place, Avhich enchanted men out of their rioht 
 sences ; but it booted him not to be angric att himselfe, nor to sett 
 Avisedome in her reprooving chaire, nor reason in her throne of 
 councell, the sick heart could not Ik; chid nor adviz'd into heallli; 
 this anxiety of mind affected him so, ihat it sent him to his bed 
 that afternoone, Avhich indeed he tookc to entertaine his thoughts 
 alone that night, and having forlilied himselfe Avitli resolution, he
 
 42 
 
 gate up the next day, but yett could not quitt himself of an extra- 
 vagant perplexitie of soule, concerning this unknowne gentle- 
 woman, which had not bene admirable in another light person, 
 but in him, who was from his childhood so serious and so rationall 
 in all his considerations, it was the effect of a miraculous power 
 of providence, leading him to her that was destin'd to make his 
 future ioy. While she so ran in his thoughts, meeting the boy 
 againe, he found out, upon a little stricter examination of him, that 
 she was not married, and pleas'd himselfe in the hopes of her speedy 
 returne, when one day, having bene invited by one of the ladies of 
 that neighbourhood, to a noble treatement at Sion Garden, which a 
 courtier, that was her servant, had made for her and whom she 
 would bring, Mr. Hutchinson, Mrs. Apsley, and Mr. Coleman's 
 daughter were of the partie, and having spent the day in severall 
 pleasant divertisements, att evening they were att supper, when a 
 messenger came to tell Mrs. Apsley her mother was come. She 
 would immediately have gone, but Mr. Hutchinson, pretending 
 civillity to conduct her home, made her stay 'till the supper was 
 ended, of which he eate no more, now only longing for that sight, 
 which he had Avith such perplexity expected. This at length he 
 obteined ; but his heart being prepossesst with his owne fancy, was 
 not free to discerne how little there was in her to answer so greate 
 an expectation. She was not ugly, in a carelessc riding-habilt, she 
 had a melancholly negligence both of herselfe and others, as if she 
 neither affected to please others, nor tooke notice of anie thing 
 before her ; yet spite of all her indifferency, she was surpiiz'd with 
 some unusuall liking in her soule, when she saw this gentleman, 
 who had haire, eies, shape, and countenance enough to begett 
 love in any one at the first, and these sett of with a gracefull and 
 generous mine, which |)romis'd an extraordinary person ; he was at 
 that time, and indeed always very neatly habited, for he wore good 
 and rich clothes, and had variety of them, and had them well
 
 43 
 
 suited and every way answerable, in that little thing, shewing both 
 good iudgement and greate generosity, he equally becoming them 
 and they him, which he wore with such unalfectcdnesse and such 
 neatenesse as doe not often mcete in one. Allhough he had but an 
 evenino; sight of her he had so long desir'd, and that at disadvantaoe 
 enough for her, yett the prevailing sympathie of his soule, made 
 him ihinke all his paynes well payd, and this first did Avhett his 
 desire to a second sight, which he had by accident the next day, 
 and to his ioy found she was wholly disengag'd from that treaty, 
 which he so much fear'd had been accomplisht ; he found withall, 
 that though she was modest, she was accostable and willing to en- 
 tertaine his acquaintance. This soone past into a mutuall friendship 
 betweene them, and though she innocently thought nothing of love, 
 yet was she glad to have acquir'd such a friend, who had wisedome 
 and vertue enough to be trusted with her councells, for she was 
 then much perplext in mind ; her mother and friends had a greate 
 desire she should marry, and were displeas'd that she refus'd many 
 oftbrs which ihey thought advantageous enough ; she was obedient, 
 loath to displease them, but more herselfe, in marrying such as she 
 could find no inclination to. The troublesome pretensions of some 
 6f the courtiers, had made her willing to trie wholhcr siie could 
 bring her heart to her mother's desire, but being by a secret Avork- 
 ing, which she then understood not, averted, she was troubled to 
 returne, lest some might believe it was a secret liking of them 
 which iiad caus'd her dislike of others, and being a little disturb'd 
 Avitli these things and melancholly, Mr. Hutchinson, appearing, as 
 he was, a person of vertue and honor, who might be safely and 
 advantageably converst with, she thought God had sent her a happy 
 reliefe. Mr. Hutchinson, on the other side, having bene told, and 
 seeing how she shun'd all other men, and how civilly she entertain'd 
 him, believ'd that a secret power had wrought a mutuall inclination 
 betweene ihem, and dayly frequented her mother's house, and had
 
 44 
 
 the opertunitic of conversing with her in those pleasant walkes, 
 which, at that sweete season of the spring, invited all the neigh- 
 bouring inhabitants to seeke their ioyes; where, though they were 
 never alone, yet they had every day opcrtunity for converse with 
 each other, which the rest shar'd not in, while every one minded 
 their OAvne delights. 
 
 They had not six Aveekes enioy'd this peace, but the young men 
 and weomen, who saw them allow each other that kindnesse which 
 they did not afford commonly to others, first began to grow iealous 
 and envious at it, and after to use all the mallitious practises they 
 could invent to breake the friendship. Among the rest, that gentle- 
 man, who at the first had so highly commended her to Mr. Hutch- 
 inson, now began to caution him against her, and to disparedge her, 
 with such subtile insinuations, as would have ruin'd any love, lesse 
 constant and honorable then his. The weomen, with wittie spite, 
 represented all her faults to him, which chiefly terminated in the 
 negligence of her dresse aitd habitt, and all womanish ornaments, 
 giving hei'selfe wholly up to studie and writing. Mr. Hutchinson, 
 who had a very sharpe and pleasant witt, retorted all their mallice 
 Avith such iust reproofes of their idlenesse and vanity, as made them 
 hate her, who, Avithout affecting it, had so engag'd such a person in 
 her protection, as they with all their arts could not catch. He in 
 the meanewhile prosecuted his love, with so much discretion, duty, 
 and honor, that at the length, through many difficulties, he accom- 
 plisht his designe. I shall passe by all the little amorous relations, 
 which if I would take the paynes to relate, would make a true 
 history of a more handsome management of love then the best 
 romances describe : '' for these are to be forgotten as the vanities of 
 youth, not Avorthy mention among the greater transactions of his 
 life. There is this only to be recorded, that never Avas there a pas- 
 
 '' Will not many regret that she passes so transiently these scenes of tenderness and 
 sentiment?
 
 45 
 
 sion more ardent and lesse idolatrous; he lov'd her better then his 
 life, with inexpressable tendernesse and kindnesse, had a most liigh 
 obliging esteeme of her, 3'et still, consider'd honour, religion, and 
 duty, above her, nor ever sufli'er'd the intrusion of such a dotage as 
 should blind him from marking her imperfections: these he look'd 
 upon with such an indulgent eie, as did not abate his love and 
 esteeme of her, while it augmented his care to blott out all those 
 spoils which might make her ap.peare lesse worthy of that respect 
 he pay'd her; and thus indeed he soone made her more equall to 
 him then he found her; for she was a very faithfull mirror, reflecting 
 truly, though but dimmely, his ownc glories upon him, so long as 
 he was present; but she, that was nothing before his inspection gave 
 her a faire figure, when he was remoov'd, Avas only fiil'd with a 
 darkc mist, and never could againe take in any delighlfull obiect, 
 nor returne any shining representation. The greatest excellencie she 
 had was the power of apprehending and the virtue of loving his: 
 soe as his shadow, she waited on him every where, till he was taken 
 into that region of light, which admilts of more, and then she 
 vanisht into nothing. 'Twas not her face he lov'd, her honor and 
 her vertue were his mistresses, and these (like Pigmalion's) images 
 of his own making, for he polisht and gave forme to what he found 
 with all the roughnesse of the quarrie about it; but meeting wilh a 
 compliant, subiect for his owne Avise government, he found as much 
 satisfaction as he gave, and never had occasion to number his mar- 
 riage amono; his infelicities. That day that the friends on both sides 
 met to conclude the marriage, she fell sick of the small pox, which 
 was many wayes a greate triall upon him ; first her life was allmost 
 in desperate hazard, and then the disease, for the present, made her 
 the most deformed person that could be scene, for a greale while 
 after she recover'd; yett he was nothing troubled at it, but married 
 her assoone as she was able to quitt the chamber, when the priest 
 and all that saw her were atfrighted to looke on her: but God re-
 
 46 
 
 C(Jinpenc"d his iustice and constancy, by restoring her, though she 
 was longer then ordinary before she recover'd, as well as before. 
 One thing is very observable, and worthy imitation in him; allhough 
 he had as strong and violent affections for her, as ever any man had, 
 yet he declar'd it not to her till he had acquainted first his father, 
 and after never would make any engagement but what his love and 
 honor bound him in, wherein he was more firmc and iust then all 
 the promisarie oathes and ties in the world could have made him, 
 notwithstanding many powerful temptations of wealth and beauty, 
 and other interests, that were laid before him ; for his father had 
 concluded another treaty, before he knew his son's inclinations Avere 
 this way fixt, with a party in many things much more advantageable 
 for his famely, and more worthy of his liking: but his father was 
 no lesse honorably indulgent to his son's aftbction, then the sonne 
 was strict in the observance of his duty, and at length, to the full 
 content of all, the thing was accomplisht, and on the third day of 
 July, in the yeare 1638, he was married to Mrs. Lucy Apsley, the 
 second daughter of Sr. Allen Apsley, late lieftenant of the Tower of 
 London, at St. Andrew's church in Holborne. He liv'd some time 
 in this neighbourhood with her mother, but foure months Avere 
 scarce past after their marriage before he was in greate danger to 
 have lost her, Avhen she lost two children she had conceiv'd by him. 
 Soone after conceiving againe, she grew so sickly, that her indulgent 
 mother and husband, for the advantage of her health, remoov'd 
 their dwelling out of the city, to a house they tooke in Enfield chace, 
 call'd the Blew House, Avhere, upon the third of September 1639, she 
 was brought to bed of two sonns, whereof the elder he named after 
 his OAvne father, Thomas, the younger was call'd Edward, who both 
 surviv'd him. September 1641 she brought him another sonne, call'd 
 by his owne name, John, Avho liv'd scarce six yeares, and was a very 
 hopefull child, full of his father's vigor and spiritt, but death soone 
 nipt that blossome.
 
 47 
 
 Mr. Hutcbinson, after about 14 months various exercise of his 
 mind, in the pcrsuite of his love, being now at rest in the enioy- 
 ment of his wife, his next designe was to draw her into his owne 
 country, but he woukl not set upon it too roughly, and therefore 
 lelt her rest awhile, when he had drawne her ten miles nearer it, 
 out of the city, where she had had her birth and education, and 
 where all her relations Avere most conversant, and which she could 
 not suddainely resolve to quitt for altogether, to betake herself to 
 the north, Avhich was a formidable name among the London ladies. 
 While she was weaning from the friends and places she had so long 
 converst in, Mr. Hutchinson employ 'd his time in making an en- 
 traunce upon the study of schoole divinit}^, wherein his father was 
 the most eminent schollar of any gentleman in England, and had a 
 most choyce library,' vallued at a thousand pounds; which Mr. 
 Hutchinson mistakingly expecting to be part of his inheritance, 
 thought it would be very ingloiious for him not to understand how 
 to make use of his father's bookes. Having therefore gotten into 
 the house Avith him an excellent schollar in that kind of learning, 
 he for two yeares made it the Avhole employment of his time. The 
 gentleman that assisted him he converted to a right beliefe in that 
 greate poynt of predestination, he having bene before of the Aimi- 
 nian iudgment, till upon the serious examination of both principles, 
 and comparing them with the scriptures, Mr. Hutchinson convinc'd 
 him of the truth, and greAV so Avell instructed in this principle, 
 that he Avas able to maintaine it against any man. At that time, 
 this greate doctrine grew much out of fashion Avith the prelates, but 
 
 ' This is spoiicn of in the preface, and did in fact remain at Owthorpe, but pro- 
 bably was placed there by Charles, the son of Sir Thomas Hutchinson by his second 
 wife: it was of excessively small value when taken possession of in the year 177G. 
 
 It is apparent, from Sir Thomas Hutchinson being upon all the committees for 
 religion, as may be seen in Rushwortii's collection, that he was in repute for this kind 
 of knowledge. 
 
 K
 
 48 
 
 was generally embrac'd by all religious and holy persons in the land. 
 Mr. Hutchinson being desirous to informe himself thoroughly of it, 
 when he was able to manage the question, offer'd it to his father, 
 but Sr. Thomas would not declare himselfe in the poynt to him, nor 
 indeed in any other, as wee conceiv'd, least a father's authority 
 should sway against his children's light, who he thought ought to 
 disccrne thinos Avith their owne eies, and not with his. Mr. Hutch- 
 inson taking delight in the study of divinity, presently left oft" all 
 foollish nice poynts, that tended to nothing but vaine braiigling, 
 and employ 'd his whole study in laying a foundation of sound and 
 necessary principles, among which he gave the first place to this of 
 God's absolute decrees. This was so farrc from producing a care- 
 lessenesse of life in him, a thing generally obiected against this 
 faith," that, on the other side, it excited him to a more strict and 
 holy walking in thankefullnesse to God, avIio had bene pleas'd to 
 chuse him out of the corrupted masse of lost mankind, to fix his 
 love upon him, and give him the knowledge of himselfe by his ever 
 blessed Sonne. This principle of love and life in God, which had 
 bene given him Avhen he discern'd not Avhat it was in himselfe, had 
 from a child prescrv'd him from wallowing in the mire of sinne and 
 wickednessc, wherein most of the gentry of those times were mise- 
 
 "' Mis. Hutchinson, in exculpating her husband, goes no part of the way towards 
 shewing that the natural tendency of this principle differs from that which is objected 
 against it, but merely that he resisted this bias from another consideration. This is 
 certainly not a suitable place to discuss' such a subject; and it is therefore dismissed 
 with this remark, that the partizans of the two opposite, or supposed opposite, prin- 
 ciples of predestination and free will, while they endeavour to implicate each other in 
 absurdity and irreligion, agree in practice, and, guiding their actions by the best dis- 
 cretion they are masters of, end with referring the event to Providence, and praying 
 to God for a blessing on their endeavours : — much more rational in so doing than 
 farther exposing the weakness of human understanding by disquisitions far too refined 
 for its reach. The conduct of modern times is in this respect more commendable tliaii 
 that of the past.
 
 49 
 
 rablv plunged, except a few, that were therefore the scorne of man- 
 kind ; and but few of those lew, that liad not naturall and supersti- 
 tious folhes, that were in some kind iustly ridiculous and con- 
 temptible. It was a remarkable providence of God in his life, that 
 must not be past over without speciall notice, that he gave him 
 these two yeares leizure, and a heart so to employ it, before the 
 noyse of warre and tumult came upon him. Yett about the yeare 
 1639 the thunder was heard afarre of ratling in the troubled ayre, 
 and even the most obscured woods Avere penetrated with some 
 flashes, the forerunners of the dreadfull storme which the next yeare 
 was more apparent; but Mr. Hutchinson was not 3^ett aAvak'ned till 
 it pleased God to deliver him from a danger into Avhich he had 
 runne himselfc, had not mercy prevented him. His wife having 
 allready two sons, and being againe Avith child, consider'd that it 
 would be necessary to seeke an augmentation of revenue, or retire 
 into a cheaper country; and more enclining to the first, then to 
 leave att once her mother, and all the rest of her deare relations, 
 had propounded to him to buy an office, Avhich he was not of him- 
 selfe very inclinable to, but, to give her and her mother satisfaction, 
 he hearkened to a motion that Avas made him in that kind. Sr. 
 William Pennieman, who had married his cousin-german, a very 
 worthy gentleman, who had greate respect both for and from his 
 father, had purchas'd the chiefe office in the starre chamber; the 
 gentleman who held the next to him Avas carelesse and debosht, and 
 thereby a greate hinderance of Sr. William's profitts, Avho appre- 
 hended if he could gett an honest man into that place, that they 
 might mutually much advantage each other; Avhereupon he per- 
 swaded Mr. Hutchinson to buy the place, and oft'er'd him any 
 termes, to goe any share Avith him, or any way he could desire. 
 Mr. Hutchinson treated with the gentleman, came to a conclusion, 
 Avent downe into the country, provided the money, and came up 
 againe, thinking presently to enter into the office; but the gentle-
 
 50 
 
 man llial should have sold it, being of an uticerteine humor, 
 thouo-ht to make the benefit of another terme, before he sold his 
 place; and it pleas'd God in the meane time that arbitrary court 
 was, by the parliament then sitting, taken away. Mr. Ilulchinson 
 was very sensible of a peculiar providence to him herein, and 
 resolv'd to adventure no more such hazards, but to retire to that 
 place whither God secm'd to have call'd him by giving him so good 
 an interest there, and to study how he was to emproove that talent. 
 His wife convinc'd by this kind check which God had given to her 
 desires, that she ought to follow her husband where the Lord seem'd 
 to call him, went allong with him, and about October 1641 they 
 came to their house at Owthorpc. Here Mr. George Hutchinson 
 (Sr. Thomas being then chosen knight for Nottinghamshire, and 
 sitting in the parliament at London) came and gave a glad enter- 
 tainement of his brother and sister into the country, by his good 
 company, and they were for a few months peacefull and happie in 
 their own house, till the kingdome began to blaze out with the 
 lono:-concei\'ed tlame of civill warre. But here I must make a short 
 digression from our particular actions, to summe up the slate of 
 the kingdome at that time, which though I cannot doe exactly, yet 
 I can truly relate what I was then able to take notice of, and if any 
 one have a desire of more particular information, there were so 
 many bookes then written, as will sufficiently give it them: and 
 although those of our enemies are all fraught with abominable lies, 
 yett if all ours were supprest, even their owne writings impartially 
 consider'd would be a sufficient chronicle of their iniusticc and op- 
 pression; but I shall only mention what is necessary to be remem- 
 ber'd, for the better carrying on of my purpose." 
 
 ° Most of those who read the summary account Mrs. Hutchinson gives of the 
 public transactions, will extremely regret that she was not much more full in it, 
 seeing the candour and perspicuity with which she writes: short as it is, however, 
 it will be found to throw light upon many obscure points^ and, from being so much
 
 51 
 
 When the dawne of the gospell began to breake upon this isle, 
 after the darke midnight of papacy, the morning was more cloudy 
 here then in other places by reason of the state interest, which Avas 
 mixing and working itselfe into the interest of religion, and which 
 in the end quite wrought it out. King Henry the Eighth, who by 
 his royall authority cast out the pope, did not intend the people of 
 the land should have any ease of oppression, but only change their 
 forreigne yoake for homebred fetters, deviding the pope's spoyles 
 betweene himselfe and his bishops, who cared not for their father 
 at Rome, so long as the}^ enioy'd their patrimony and their honors 
 here under another head: soe that I cannot subscribe to those who 
 entitle that king to the honor of the reformation. But even then 
 there wanted not many who discern'd the corruptions that were 
 retein'd in the church, and eagerly applied their endeavours to ob- 
 teine a purer reformation, against whom those who saw no need of 
 further reformation, through excesse of ioy for that which was all- 
 ready brought forth, or else through a secret love of superstition 
 rooted in their hearts, thought this too much, were bitterly incens'd, 
 and hating that light which reproov'd their darknesse, every where 
 stirr'd up spiritts of envy and persecution against them. Upon the 
 greate revolution which tookc place at the accession of Queene 
 Elizabeth to the crown, the nation became divided into three greate 
 factions, the papist, the state protcstant, and the more religious 
 zelotts, who afterward Mere branded with the name of Puritane. 
 In vaine it was for these to addresse to the queene and the parlia- 
 ment; for the bishops, under the specious pretences of unifonuity 
 and obedience, procur'd severe punishments to be inflicted on such 
 as durst gainsay their determinations in all things concerning wor- 
 ship, whereupon some even in those godly dayes lost their lives. 
 
 concentiated^ will be useful and acceptable to many, as serving to fix a general 
 and just idea of tlie public mind, as well as transactions, in the times of which she 
 treats.
 
 52 
 
 The papists had a most inveterate hatred to all the protestanls, 
 but especially to those Avho were godly," and they againe many of 
 them sufFerd their zeale to runne out into bitter personall hate. 
 Bctweene these two extreames, the common protestant Avas in the 
 middle, though I cannot reckon them as a vertuous medium ; for 
 of them the more prophane and ignorant only left popery, because 
 it grew out of fashion, but in their hearts inclin'd that way ; those 
 who were peaceable, conscientious, or morall persons, enclin'd to 
 the puritane ; of whom there were many that unwillingly bore the 
 burthen of the cerimonies, for quietnesse sake, and through false 
 doctrine of their unfaithfull teachers, as well as some that discern'd 
 the base and carnall minds of those seducers, and would not be 
 perswaded by them to defile their consciences : the former sort of 
 these, in zeale to reduce the whole land from their idolatrous prac- 
 tises, procur'd lawes and invented oathes to suppresse popery, 
 which they little thought, but wee now sadly find, are the bitterest 
 engines to batter downe the pure worship and destroy the pure 
 worshippers of God ; which I have often looked upon as an evidence 
 that God is not pleas'd with the conversions that are enforc'd by 
 men's laAves. We have spirituall weapons given us for spirituall 
 combates, and those who go about to conquer subiects for Christ 
 Avith swords of Steele, shall find the base metall breake to shivers 
 Avhen it is used, and hurtfully file in their OAvne faces. 
 
 About the time of the reformation, there was a greate change in 
 the civill interest of all that part of the Avorld which had long layne 
 under the bondage of the Roman prelate and his tirannicall clergie. 
 These had by degrees so encroacht upon all the secular princes, 
 that they Avere nothing but vassalls and hangmen to the proud inso- 
 lent priest. Obtaining his empire by fraud, false doctrine, lies and 
 
 " Godly. The name always given by the Puritans to those of their own party, and 
 not unfrequently so used by different sectaiies at the present day.
 
 53 
 
 hipocrisie, he maintained it by blood and rapine, till it pleasVl God 
 to cause that light to breake forth about Luther's time, which hath 
 ever since bene encreasing, and notwithstanding all the attempts of 
 Sathan and his ministers, will in the end grow up to a glorious 
 flame and quite devoure that bloody cit3^ When the wrath of 
 princes and priests was in vaine at first blowne up against the pro- 
 fessors of the gospell, and their blood and ashes became fruitefull 
 seed in God's field, then the old fox comes into the fold as a lamb, 
 and seduces some of them that saw the approach of Christ's king- 
 dome, to sett it up irregularly, and indeed, (though I know not 
 whether they perceiv'd their owne delusion), to sett up themselves 
 in Christ's throne, casting downe the thrones of all other magistrates, 
 and destroying the proprieties of men, and ruling by their owne ar- 
 bitrary lust, which they brought forth in the name of God's law.' 
 This example was so threatning to all mankind, that the gospell it- 
 self, by the adversaries thereof, suffer'd much reproach upon this 
 miscarriage; whereupon the Protestants, in all places, to cleare 
 themselves from the iust aspersions, which the Munster anabaptists 
 and others had occasioned, fell into an error on the other hand, not 
 much lesse hurtfull in the consequence ; for to flatter the princes of 
 the world, whether Popish or Protestant, they invested them with 
 God's prerogative, and preach'd to them and the people such 
 doctrines as only chang'd the idoll, but left the idolatry still in 
 practice.'' 
 
 P A description of the principles of the most extravagant of those whom in liistory 
 they call Fifth Monarchy Men, from their affecting to set up the empire of Christ as 
 the fifth; the Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and lloman, being the first four. 
 
 1 This could hardly be carried farther any wl>ere than in England : where in all 
 cases passive, in most cases active obedience w.is indiscriminately inculcated ; where 
 two divines stating in their discourses, one, " that it was the king's duty to make laws, 
 and the subject's to obey them;" another, that " the king is not bound to observe the 
 laws of the realm, but that his royal will and command in imposing taxes and loans
 
 54 
 
 The Popes of Rome had for many ages challeng'd and pracds'd a 
 power to disthrone princes, to give away their reahnes, to interdict 
 whole kingdomes and provinces and devote them to slaughter, to 
 loose subiects from all bonds and oathes of allegiance to their sove- 
 raignes, and to stirre up both princes and people to the mutuall 
 murther of each other, which abominable courses had bene iustly 
 cast upon them as reproach, they pretending to doe all these things 
 for the propagation of the true worship and the advance of God's 
 glorie. This reproach they retorted when some protestants upon 
 the same pretence did mainlaine that idolatrous princes were to be 
 remoov'd, and such magistrates sett up as feared God, who were 
 guardians of both tables, and bound to compell all their people to 
 the right religion. This confusion was there among the sons of dark- 
 nesse at the first appearance of gospell light. 
 
 About this time in the kingdom of Scotland, there Avas a wicked 
 queene, daughter of a mother that came out of the bloody house of 
 Guize,' and brought up in the Popish religion, which she zealously 
 persever'd in, as most suitable to her bloody lustful temper ; she 
 being guilty of murthers and adulteries, and hateful for them to the 
 honestest of the people, was depos'd, imprison'd, and forc'd to flie 
 for her life ; but her sonne was receiv'd into the throne, and edu- 
 cated after the strictest way of the protestant religion according to 
 Calvin's forme. Those who were chiefely active and instrumental! 
 in the iustice executed on this wicked queene, were the reformers 
 
 without consent of parliament doth oblige the subject's conscience, upon pain of eternal 
 damnation." For refusing to license the publication of the first sermon, the good 
 Archbishop Abbot was banished and confined to a bad and unhealthy country-house. 
 For the latter, the preacher, though sentenced by the lords to be fined and imprisoned, 
 was by the king pardoned, and promoted to a bishoprick. After this, let it be de- 
 cidi-d whether Charles reverenced episcopacy as a divine institution, or valued it as an 
 engine of state ? and in what light he caused his subjects to view it? 
 
 ' Mary Queen of Scots.
 
 55 
 
 of religion in Scotland, which made the neighbouring idolatrous 
 princes to feare iheni of the same faith. About the same time like- 
 ■w'lse, the provinces of the Netherlands united themselves in a re- 
 sistance of the King of Spaine, and cast of that yoake wherewith he 
 had most barbarously gall'd them. The King of France, persecut- 
 ing his protestant subiects with much inhumane violence, forc'd 
 them to defend themselves against his unsanctified league, and much 
 blood was shed in those civill warrs, 'till at length those who had 
 had so much experience of God's providence, in delivering them 
 from their cruell princes, were perswaded to make up an alliance 
 with the enemies of God and religion, and by the treacherous foe 
 drawne into his snares, where they were most wickedly and barba- 
 rously massacred.' Now, although religion were the maine ground 
 of those bloody quarrel Is, yet there were, in all these countries, 
 many disputes of civill right, which for the most part bore the face 
 of the warrs ; whereat I have only hinted, in this survey of the con- 
 dition of other states, and their interests in those days and since ; 
 Avhicii is something necessary to be knowne for the better under- 
 standing of our owne, with which I shall now proceed. 
 
 The civill government of England from the time called the Con- 
 quest, had been administer'd by a King, Lords, and Commons, in 
 a way of Parliaments ; the Parliament entrusted with the legislative, 
 and the King with the executive power ; but severall of the kings 
 not satisfied with their bounded monarchic, made attempts to con- 
 vert it into an absolute soveraignety, attempts fatall both to them- 
 selves and their people, and ever unsucccssefull ; for the generous 
 people of England, as they were the most free and obsequious sub- 
 iects in the Avorld to those princes that manag'd them with a kind 
 and tender hand, commanding them as freemen, not as slaves, so 
 were they the most untameable invincible people, in defence of 
 
 ' The famous massacre on St. Bartholomew's day at Paris. 
 
 L
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 their freedonies against all those usurping lords, that scorn d to al- 
 low tliem liberty. The nobillity of the reahne having at first the 
 greate ballance of the lands, and retaining some of that free honor- 
 able vertue, for which they were exalted above the vulgar, ever 
 stood up in the people's defence and curb'd the wild ambition of 
 the tyrants, Avhom they sometimes reduc'd to moderation, and 
 sometimes dcpos'd for their misgovernments, till at length, the 
 kings, eager to breake this yoake, had insensibly worne out the 
 interest of the nobillity, by drawing them to their courts, where 
 luxuries melted away the greate estates of some, others were de- 
 stroy'd by confiscations in divers civill warrs, and others otherwayes 
 mould'red with time. While the kings were glad to see the abate- 
 ment of that power, which had bene such a check to their exorbi- 
 tancies, they perceiv'd not the growing of another more dangerous 
 to them, and that when the nobillity shrunke into empty names, 
 the throne lost its supporters, and had no more but a little puffe of 
 wind to beare it up, when the full body of the people came rolling 
 in upon it.' The interest of the people, which had bene many 
 yeares growing, made an extraordinary progresse in the dayes of 
 King Henry the eighth, who returning the vast revenues of the 
 church into the body of the people, cast the ballance cleare on their 
 
 ' It is wonderful that the experience of so many ages and so many other states had 
 not been sufficient to warn the princes of the House of iionrbon of this fatal error i 
 From the moment of Cardinal Riclielieu's coining into power under Louis the Xlllth, 
 to Meckar's return to power after his rustication under Louis the X\'lthj the plan of 
 lowering the power of the noblesse of France had been systematically pursued. The 
 last stroke was given to it when this delusive and deluded minister advised that imfor- 
 tuuate monarch to give to the commons a double number of representatives in the 
 States General, and to blend the noblesse with them. It was in vain that the Prince 
 of Conty gave him a short note of admonition, written on the spur of the occasion upon 
 his hat—" Sire, the moment you sign this arret your tluone is overturned." He re- 
 jected the advice, and betrayed the author.
 
 side, and left them now only to expect" an opeitunity to resume 
 their power into their OAvnc hands, and had not diiferences in reli- 
 );ion devided them among themselves, and thereby prolong'd the 
 last gasps of expiring monarch}^ they had long since exercis'd it in 
 a free conmionwealth. 
 
 England was not an idle spectator of the greate contest betweene 
 the Papist and Protestant, in which all Christendome seem'd to be 
 engag'd. During the reigne of Queene Elizabeth, the protestant 
 interest, being her peculiar interest, that princesse became not only 
 glorious in the defence of her owne realme, but in the protection 
 she gave to the whole protestant cause, in all the neighbouring 
 kingdomes : wherefore, as if it had bene devolv'd upon her person, 
 the Pope shott all his arrowes at her head, and sett on many des- 
 perate assassinations against her, which, by the good providence of 
 God, were all frustrated, and she not only miraculously deliver'd 
 from those wretches, but renown'd at home and abroad for suc- 
 cesses against her rebellious subiects in England and Ireland, and 
 for the assistance of her distressed neighbours ; but above all for the 
 mercy which it pleased God to afford her and this realme in the year 
 2588, when the invading Spaniard had devour'd us in his proud 
 hopes, and by the mighty hand of God was scatter'd as a mist 
 before the morning beames. "i'liat which kept alive the hopes of the 
 Papists, most part of her reigne, was, the expectation of the Queene 
 of Scots, who entring into confederacy with them lost her head for 
 the forfeit, Avherein the Duke of Norfolke sufter'd alsoe for her the 
 losse of his. The Queene of England was very loath to execute 
 this necessary iustice ; but the true-hearted protestants of her coun- 
 cells, foreseeing the sad effects that might be expected, if ever she 
 arriv'd to the crowne, urg'd it on," and after the death of Queene 
 
 " Expect, a Latinism; expeclare, to wait for; or Italian, aspettare id. 
 * The signing and expediting the warrant for the execution of Mary Queen of 
 Scots is an enigma which has employed the wits of many to solve — perhaps this may
 
 58 
 
 Elizabeth, the wiser of tliein much oppos'd the admission of her 
 son : but he dissembhng the resentment of his mother's death, by 
 bribes and greater promises, manag'd a faction in the court of the 
 dechning queene, which prevail'd on her dotage to destroy the 
 Earle of Essex, who only had courage to have kept out him they 
 thought dangerous to lelt in. So subtilly brought they their purpose 
 about, that Avise councell was in vaine to a blinded and betrey'd 
 people. The antiprelaticall party hoping that with a king bred up 
 among the Calvinists, they should now be freed from the episcopal 
 yoake, were greedie of entertaining him, but soone cured of their 
 mistake, when immediately after his entry into the kingdome, him- 
 selfe being moderator at a dispute betweene both parties, the non- 
 conformists were cast out of doores, the offensive cerimonies, insteed 
 of being remoov'd, were more strictly impos'd, the penalties against 
 papists relax'd, many of them taken into favour, those families who 
 suffer'd for his mother grac'd and restored as farre as the times would 
 beare, and those who consented any way to the iustice done upon 
 her, disfavour'd. A progresse was made suitable to this beginning, 
 the protestant interest abroad was deserted and betrey'd, the prelates 
 at home dayly exalted in pride and pomp, and declining in vertue 
 and godlinesse. Arminianisme " crept in, to the corruption of sound 
 doctrine, till at length they had the impudence to forbid preaching 
 of those greate and necessary truths, concerning the decrees of God ; 
 secret treaties were entertained with the court of Rome,*^ and not- 
 withstanding that hellish ponder plott, the papists lost not their 
 creditt at court, where they now wrought no longer by open and 
 
 be the true solution of it; it is at least clear that it thus appeared to well-informed 
 persons, living in times when the thing was recent, and accounts for it more naturally 
 than the mean jealousy attributed to Queen Elizabeth, which would in fact have been 
 a better reason for putting her to death many years sooner. 
 
 * Jamesj however, professed himself a great enemy to it. 
 
 y The first volume of Clarendon's State Papers is half filled with them.
 
 59 
 
 direct wayes, but humouring the king and queene in their lusts and 
 excesses, found the most ready way to destroy the doctrine of the 
 gospeil, was to debosli the professors. Tlie court of this king was 
 a nursery of kist and intemperance, he had brought in witli him a 
 company of poore Scotts, who comming into this plentiful king- 
 dome, surfetted with riott and debaucheries, and gott all the riches 
 of the land only to cast away. The honor, Avealth, and glory of the 
 nation, wherein Queene Elizabeth left it, were soone prodigally 
 wasted by this thriftlesse heire, the nobillity of the land utterly 
 debased by setting honors to publick sale, and confemng them on 
 persons that had neither blood nor meritt fitt to weare, nor estates 
 to beare up their titles, but were faine to invent proiects to pilP the 
 people, and pick their purses for the maintenance of vice and lewd- 
 nesse. The generallity of the gentry of the land soone learnt the 
 court fashion, and every greate house in the country became a sty 
 of uncleannesse. To keepe the people in their deplorable security, 
 till vengeance overtooke them, they were entertained with masks, 
 stage playes, and sorts of ruder sports. Then began ^murther, in- 
 cest, adultery, drunkennesse, swearing, fornication, and all sort of 
 ribaldry, to be no conceal'd but countenanc'd vices ; because they 
 held such conformity with the court example. Next to this, a 
 greate cause of these abominations was the mixt marriages of papist 
 and protestant famelies, Avhich, no question, was a designe of the 
 popish party to compasse and procure, and so successefull that I 
 have observ'd that there was not one house of ten, where such a 
 marriage was made, but the better party Avas corrupted, the chil- 
 drens soules were sacrific'd to devills, the worship of God was laid 
 aside in that famely, for feare of distasting the idolater ; the kindred, 
 tenants, and neighbours, either quite turn'd from it, or cool'd in 
 their zeale for religion. As the fire is most fervent in a frosty sea- 
 
 ^ Pill— pillagCj plunder.
 
 60 
 
 son, so the generall apostacy from liolinesse, if I may so call il, and 
 defection to lewdnesse, stirr'd up sorrow, indignation, and feare, in 
 all that retein'd any love of God in (he land, whither ministers or 
 people : the ministers warn'd the people of the approaching iudge- 
 ments of God, which could not be expected but to follow such 
 high provocations ; God, in his mercy, sent his prophets into all 
 corners of the land to preach repentance and cry out against the 
 ingratitude of England, who thus recpiited so many rich mercies as 
 no nation could ever boast of more ; and by these a few were every 
 Avhere converted and established in faith and holincsse: but at court 
 these were hated, disgrac'd, and revil'd, and in scorn had the name 
 of Puritane' fix'd upon them. And now the ready way to prefer- 
 ment there, was to declare an opposition to the power of godlinesse, 
 under that name; so that their pulpitts might iustly be called the 
 scorner's chair, those sermons only pleasing that flatter'd them in 
 their vices and told the poore king that he was Solomon, that his 
 sloth and cowardize, by which he betrey'd the cause of God and 
 honour of the nation, Avas gospell meekenesse and peaceablenesse, 
 lor which they rays'd him up above the heavens, Avhile he lay wal- 
 lowing like a swine in the mire of his lust. Me had a little learning, 
 
 " This artifice of affixing a name of reproach on those of an opposite party, in order 
 indiscriminately to subject them to hatred or ridicule, could hardly be better exposed 
 than it is here. That Mrs. Hutchinson is guilty of no exaggeration, may well be con- 
 jectured from some speeches in parliament preserv'd by Ruslnvorth, peculiarly one of 
 Sir Benjamin Rudyard, at least a moderate man, if not a favourer of the king, com- 
 plaining of the very same thing. Rushworth, vol. ii. 1355, " It is the artifice of the 
 favourers of the catholick and of the prelatical party to call all who are sticklers for 
 the constitution in church or state, or would square their actions by any rule humane 
 or divine, Puritans." In the petition and remonstrance this is stated nearly in the 
 same manner. It waS no way inconsistent with the other injustices of the French revo- 
 lutionists to invent the term of Aristocrat, and mark out by it every one whom the 
 populace or their demagogues designed to plunder or destroy ; it would not be so ex- 
 cuseable if in this country we should suffer cant terms or nicknames to pass for reason- 
 ing or proof. For the rest, the name of Puritan should have no bad meaning.
 
 61 
 
 and this they call'd the spiritt of wisedome, and so magnified him, 
 so falsely flatter'd him, that he could not endure the words of truth 
 and soundnesse, but rewarded these base, wicked, unfaithful! fawn- 
 ers with rich preferments, attended with pomps and titles, which 
 heav'd them up above a humane heighth : with their pride their 
 envie swell'd against the people of God, whom they began to pro- 
 iect how they might roole out of the land ; and when they had once 
 given them a name, whatever was odious or dreadfull to the king 
 that they lixt upon the Puritane, which, according to their charac- 
 ter, was nothing but a factious hipocrite. 
 
 The king had upon his heart the dealings both of England and 
 Scotland with his mother, and harbour'd a secrett desire of revenge 
 upon the godly in both nations, yet had not courage enough to as- 
 sert his resentment like a prince, but employ 'd a wicked cunning he 
 was master of, and called king-craft, to undermine what he durst 
 not openly oppose, the true religion : this was fenc'd with the liberty 
 of the people, and so link'd together, that 'twas impossible to make 
 them slaves, till they were brought to be idolaters of royalty and 
 glorious lust, and as impossible to make them adore these gods while 
 they continued loyall to the government of Jesus Christ. The payment 
 of civill obedience to the king and the lawes of the land satisfied not; 
 if any durst dispute his impositions in the worship of God, he was 
 presently reckon'd among the seditious and disturbers of the publick 
 peace, and accordingly persecuted : if any were griev'd at the dishonor 
 of the kingdome or the griping of the poorc, or the uniust oppressions 
 of the subiect, by a thousand wayes, invented to maintaine the 
 riotts of the courtiers and the swarms of needy Scotts, the king had 
 brought in to devoure like locusts the i)lenty of this land, he was a 
 Puritane: if any, out of mere morallily and civill honesty, discoun- 
 tenanc'd the abominations of those days, he was a Puritane, how- 
 ever he conform'd to their superstitious worship : if any sliew'd fa- 
 vour to any godly honest person, kept them company, relieved them
 
 62 
 
 in want, or prelected them against violent or uniust oppression, he 
 was a Puritane : if any gentleman in his country maintain'd the 
 good lawes of the land, or stood up for any publick interest, for 
 good order or government, he was a Puritane : in short, all that 
 crost the viewes of the needie courtiers, the proud encroaching 
 priests, the theevish proiectors, the lewd nobillity and gentrie, who- 
 ever was zealous for God's glory or worship, could not endure blas- 
 phemous oathes, ribbald conversation, prophane scoffes, sabbath 
 breach, derision of the word of God, and the like ; whoever could 
 endure a sermon, modest habitt or conversation, or aniething good, 
 all these were Puritanes ; and if Puritanes, then enemies to the king 
 and his government, seditious factious hipocrites, ambitious dis- 
 turbers of the publick peace, and finally, the pest of the kingdome : 
 such false logick did the children of darknesse use to argue with 
 against the hated children of light, Avhom they branded besides as 
 an illiterate, morose, melancholly, discontented, craz'd sort of men, 
 not fitt for humane conversation '' ; as such they made them not only 
 the sport of the pulpitt, which was become but a more solemne sort 
 of stage, but every stage, and every table, and every puppett-play, 
 belcht forth prophane scoffes upon them, the drunkards made them 
 their songs, all fidlers and mimicks learnt to abuse them, as finding 
 it the most gainefull Avay of fooling. Thus the two factions in those 
 dayes grew up to greate heighths and enmities, one against the 
 other, while the Papist wanted not industry and subtilty to blow the 
 coals betweene them, and was so successcfidl that, unlesse the mercy 
 
 •> Snch is the idea entertained of them in general even at this day ; whoever shall 
 read these memoirs will be well convinced that not one of these qualities needs or does 
 by any natural consequence accompany the character. It is a great misfortune that 
 many of the zealous professors of piety should give it so austere an aspect, and this 
 can never be better contrasted than by the chearful and amiable one this professed 
 Puritan gives it.
 
 63 
 
 of God confound them, by their owne imaginations, wee may iustly 
 feare they will at last obtane their full wish. 
 
 But to dcale impartially, wee must, Avith sadnesse enough, con- 
 fesse, that the wolfe came into the fold in a sheepe's clothing, and 
 wrought more slaughter that way among the lambs, then he could 
 have done in his owne skin ; for it is true that many of witt and 
 parts, discontented, when they could not obteine the preferments 
 their ambition gaped at, would declare themselves of the puritane 
 party, and such were either bought of, or, if the adversary would 
 not give their price, seduc'd their devout hearers, sometimes into 
 undiscreete opposition, to worke out their owne revenge, others that 
 had neither learning, nor friends, nor opertunities to arrive to any 
 preferrements, would put on a forme of godlinesse, finding devout 
 people that way so liberall to them, that they could not hope to 
 enrich themselves so much any other way. Some that had greater 
 art and parts, finding there Avas no inconsiderable gaine to be made 
 of the simple devotion of men and weomen, applied their witts to it, 
 and collected oreate summes for the advancement of the rehsious 
 interest, of which they converted much to their OAvne private uses. 
 Such as these tempted the people of God to endeavour to shelter 
 themselves in humane pollicies, and found out wayes, by bribes 
 and other not lesse indirect courses, to procure patrones at court, 
 and to sett up against the prelates with countermines and other en- 
 gines, which being of man's framing, were all at last broken. 
 
 The puritane party being weake and oppress'd, had not faith 
 enough to disowne all that adhered to them for Avorldly interests, 
 and indeed it requir'd more then humane wisedome to discerne at 
 the least all of them, wherefore they, in their low condition, gladly 
 accepted any that would come over to them, or encline towards 
 them ; and I heir enemies throusjh envie at them ausimented much 
 their party, while, Avith iniuries and reproaches, they drove many, 
 that never intended it, to take that party; which in the end got
 
 64 
 
 notliing but confusion by those additions. Wliile these parties were 
 tiius counterworking, the treasure of the kingdome being wasted b}' 
 court-caterpillars, and parliaments call'd to resupply the royall cof- 
 fers, therein there wanted not some, that retein'd so much of the 
 English spirit, as to represent the publick grievances, and desire to 
 call the corrupt ministers of state to an account; but the king, 
 grudging that his people should dare to gainesay his pleasure, and 
 correct his misgovernement, in his favourites, broke up parliaments, 
 violated their privilledges, imprisoned their members for things 
 spoken in the house, and grew disaffected to them, and entertain'd 
 proiects of supplie b}" other grievances of the people. The prelates 
 in the meane time, finding they lost ground, meditated reunion with 
 the popish faction, who began to be at a pretty agreement Avith 
 them ' ; and now there was no more endeavour in their publick ser- 
 mons, to confute the errors of that church, but to reduce our doc- 
 trines and theirs to an accommodation : the king, to bring it about, 
 was deluded '' into the treaty of a match for his sonne Avith the In- 
 fanta of Spaine ; and the Prince, Avith the Duke of Buckingham, 
 privately sent into Spayne, from whence he difhcuUly came back, 
 but to the greate reioycing of the whole people in generall, who 
 were much afiicted at his going thither. During this treaty the 
 papists got many advantages of the king, to the preiudice of the 
 protestant interest at home and abroad, and the hearts of all but the 
 papists were very much sadned, and the people loath to lay the 
 miscarriages of things at the king's owne dore, began to entertaine 
 an universall hatred of the Duke of Buckingham, rays'd from a 
 knight's fourth sonne to that pitch of glorie, and enioying greate 
 possessions, acquir'd by the favour of the king, upon no meritt but 
 
 •^ The first volume of Clarendon's State Papers abounds with instances. 
 
 ** It is very rare to sec a delusion so long and successfully carried on as this appears 
 to have been, at the expence of this modern Solomon, in the State Papers just men-, 
 tioned.
 
 65 
 
 that of his beauty and his prostitution. The parhament had drawne 
 up a charge against him, and though the king seeni'd to protect 
 him, yet knowing the fearefulhiesse of his nature, and doubting his 
 constancy, it Avas behev'd he added some helpe to an ague that 
 kih'd that king ; however the king died, and the Duke continued as 
 high in the favour of the next succeeding as of the deceased prince ; 
 whereupon one, not unaptly, sayes of him, " he seem'd as an un- 
 " happie exhalation, drawne up from the earth, not only to clowd 
 " the setting, but the rising sun." ' 
 
 The face of the court was much chang'd in the change of the 
 king; for King Charles was temperate, chast, and serious; so that 
 the fooles and bawds, mimicks and catamites, of the former court, 
 grew out of fashion; and the nobillity and courtiers, who did not 
 quite abandon their debosheries, had yet that reverence to the king, 
 to retire into comers to practise them : men of learning and inge- 
 nuity in all arts were in esteeme, and receiv'd encouragement from 
 the king; who was a most excellent iudge and a greate lover of 
 paintings, carvings, gravings, and many other ingenuities, less offen- 
 sive then] the bawdry and prophane abusive witt, which was the 
 only exercise of the other court. But as in the primitive times, it 
 is observ'd that the best emperors were some of them stirr'd up by 
 Sathan to be the bitterest persecutors of the church, so this king 
 was a worse encroacher upon the civill and spirituall liberties of his 
 people by fan'e then his father. He manied a papist, a French 
 lady, of a haughty spiritt, and a greate witt and beauty, to whom 
 he became a most uxorious husband. By this meanes the court Avas 
 replcnisht with papists, and many who hoped to advance them- 
 selves by the change, turned to that religion; all the papists in the 
 kingdom were favoured, and, by the king's example, matclit into the 
 
 ' The justice of the character here given of James, as well as the candour of that 
 about to be given to Charles, will, it is hoped, be recognized by every reader.
 
 66 
 
 best famelies; the purilanes more than ever discountenanc'd and 
 persecuted, insomuch that many of them chose to abandon their 
 native country, and leave their dearest relations, to retire into any 
 foreigne soyle or plantation, where they might, amidst all outward 
 inconveniences, enioy the free exercise of God's Avorship; such as 
 coidd not flee were tormented in the bishops courts, fin'd, whipt, 
 pillor'd, imprison'd, and suflfer'd to enioy no rest, so that death was 
 better then life to them; and notwithstanding their patient suft'rance 
 of all these things, yet was not the king satisfied till the whole land 
 were reduc'd to perfect slavery. The example of the French king 
 was propounded to him, and he thought himselfe no monarch, so 
 long as his will was confin'd to the bounds of any law; but knowing 
 that the people of England Avere not pliable to an arlaitrary rule, he 
 plotted to subdue them to his yoke by a forreigne force, and till he 
 could effect it, made no conscience of granting aniething to the 
 people, Avhich he resolv'd should not obi lege him longer then it 
 served his turne; for he Avas a prince that had nothing of faith or 
 truth, iustice or generosity, in him; he Avas the most obstinate per- 
 son in his selfcAvill that ever Avas, and so bent upon being an abso- 
 lute uncontroulable soveraigno, that he Avas resolv'd either to be 
 such a king or none. His firme adherence to prelacy was not for 
 conscience of one religion more then another, for it Avas his principle 
 that an honest man might be sav'd in any profession; but he had a 
 mistaken principle that kingly government in the state could not 
 stand Avithout episcopall government in the church, and therefore 
 as the bishops flatter d him Avith preaching up his soveraigne prero- 
 gative, and inveying against the puritanes as factious and disloyall, 
 so he protected them in their pomp and pride, and insolent prac- 
 tises against all the godly and sober people of the land."^ In the first 
 
 ' In note '', page 53, it has been shewn that their political, not their religious prin- 
 ciples, were the criterion whereby the king judged the prelates of the church of Eng- 
 land. That the same served for the church of Home is shewn pretty clearly in the first
 
 67 
 
 parliament after he came to the crowne the duke of Buckino-ham 
 was impeacht concerning the death of king James, and other mis- 
 demeanours, but the present king, who had receiv'd him into the 
 same degree of favour that he was with the former, would not 
 endure the question of his favourite, and, to deliver him from it, 
 broke up the parliament, Avhich gave too iust a suspition that he 
 favour'd the practise; for it is true that the duke's mother, without 
 the consent of the phisitians, had made an application to the wrists 
 of the king for his ague, after Avhich he died in his next fitt. Some '^^ *^ iJ "*' 
 
 other parliaments there were, but still abruptly broken up, when 
 they putt forth any endeavour to redresse grievances. The pro- 
 testants abroad were all lookt upon as pm'itanes, and their interest 
 insteed of being protected, sadly betrey'd; ships lett out to the 
 French king to serve against them; all the flower of the English 
 gentry lost in an ill-manag'd expedition to the Isle of Rhee, under 
 pretence of helping them, but so order'd that it proov'd the losse of 
 Rochell, the strong fort and best defence of all the protestants in 
 France. Those in Germany were no lesse neglected in all treaties, 
 although his owne sister and her children were so highly concem'd. 
 The whole people were sadly griev'd att these misgoveininents, and 
 loath to impute them to the king, cast all the odium upon the duke 
 of Buckingham, Avhom at length a discontented person stabb'd, be- 
 lieving he did God and his country good service by it. All the 
 
 volume of Clarendon's State Papers; where Mr. Courtenay having refused some com- 
 pliances against conscience, and giving as his reason that " the king was not the law 
 " maker, but the king and parliament, and that the king has not a dispensing power," 
 and father Scudamore, alias Leander, asserting that he has, Courtenay is committed to 
 prison, held tiiere, and a trial refused him ; Leander protected, encouraged, and re- 
 warded ; and it is stated that " Laud was at the helm of the king's councils in these 
 " matters." This opinion of the king's candour, or even indifference, as to the mode of 
 religion, is stated in nearly the same manner in Rushworth, but it is not said on what 
 authority. The Stuarts sported with and ruined all religions, and in turn were ruined l\ 
 by them.
 
 68 
 
 kingdome, except the duke's owne dependents and kindred, reioyc'd 
 in the death of this duke, but they found Utile cause, for after it 
 the king still persisted in his designe of enslaving them, and found 
 other ministers, ready to serve his selfe-will'd ambition, such as 
 were Noy his atturny-generall, who set on foote that hatefull tax of 
 ship mony, and many more illegall exactions; and ten of the iudges 
 who perverted iudgement in the cause of those who refused the ille- 
 gall imposition; although there were even in that time found two 
 honest iudges, who durst iudge rightly against the king, although 
 he had chang'd the words usuall in their commissions, which were 
 Quamdiu bene se gesserint, ^ into another forme, Durante bene 
 placito. Besides these, and a greate rascally company of flatterers 
 and proiectors, there Avere all the corrupted tott'ring bishops and 
 others of the proud prophane clergy of the land, who, by their inso- 
 lencies, growne odious to the people, bent their strong endeavours 
 to disaffect the prince to his honest godly subiects, and to gett a 
 pretence of power from him, to aflict those who would not subniitt 
 to their insolent dominion. But there were two above all the rest, 
 who led the van of the king's evill councellors, and these were Laud, 
 archbishop of Canterbury, a fellow of meane extraction and arro- 
 gant pride, and the earl of Strafford, who as much outstript all the 
 rest in favour as he did in abillities, being a man of deepe pollicy, 
 Sterne resolution, and ambitious zeale to keepe up the glory of his 
 own greatnesse. In the beginning of this king's reigne, this man had 
 bene a strong assertor of the liberties of the people, among whom 
 he had gain'd himselfe an honorable reputation, and was dreadfull 
 to the court party, who thereupon strew'd snares in his way, and 
 when they found a breach at his ambition, his soule was that way 
 enter'd and captivated. He was advanc'd first to be lord president 
 
 s " Quamdiii bene se gesserint," during good behaviour, as long as they act right. 
 " Durante bene placito," during the king's good pleasure.
 
 60 
 
 of the councell in the north, to be a baron, after an earle, then 
 deputy of Ireland; the nccrcst to a favourite of any man since the 
 death of the duke of Buckingham, who was rays'd by his first master, 
 and kept up by the second, upon no account of personall woitli or 
 any deserving abilhties in him, but only upon violent and piivate 
 inclinations of the princes; but the earle of Strafford wanted not 
 any accomplishment that could be desir'd in the most serviceable 
 minister of state: besides he having made himselfe odious to the 
 people, by his revolt from their interest to that of the oppressive 
 court, he was now oblieg'd to keepe up his owne interest with his 
 new party, by all the mallitious practises that pride and revenge 
 could inspire him with." But above all these the king had another 
 instigator of his owne violent purpose, more powcrfull then all the 
 rest, and that was the queene, Avho growne out of her childhood, 
 began to turne her mind from those vaine extravagancies she liv'd 
 in at first, to that which did lesse become her, and Avas more fatall 
 to the kingdome, which never is in any place happie, where the 
 hands which were made only for distaffes affect the management of 
 sceptres. — If any one obiect the fresh example of Queene Elizabeth, 
 let them remember that the felicity of her reigne was the effect of 
 her submission to her masculine and wise councellors; but wherever 
 male princes are so effeminate as to suffer weomen of forreigne birth 
 and different rehgions to entermeddle with the affairs of state, it is 
 alwayes found to produce sad desolations; and it hath bene observ'd 
 that a French queene never brought any happinesse to England : 
 some kind of fatality too the English imagin'd to be in her name 
 of Marie, which, 'tis sayd, the king rather chose to have her calf d 
 by then her other, Henrietta, because the land should find a blessing 
 in that name, Avhich had bene more unfortunate; but it was not in 
 his power, though a greate prince, to controule destiny. This lady 
 
 *■ Called by Lord Digby the grand apostate of the commonwealth.
 
 70 
 
 being by her priests affected with the meritoriousnesse of advancing 
 her owne rehgion, whose principle it is to subvert all other, applied 
 that way her greate witt and parts, and the power her haughty 
 spiritt kept over her husband, who was enslav'd in his affection only 
 to her, though she had no more passion for him then what serv'd to 
 promote her designes. / Those brought her into a very good cor- 
 respondency with the archbishop and his prelaticall crew, both 
 ioyning in the cruell designe of rooting the godly out of the land. 
 I'he foolish protestants were meditating reconcilliations with the 
 church of Rome, who embrac'd them as farre as they would goe, 
 carrying them in hand, as if there had bene a possibillity of bring- 
 ing such a thing to passe ; meanewhile they carried on their designe 
 by them, and had so ripened it, that nothing but the mercy of God 
 prevented the utter subversion of protestantisme in the three king- 
 domes. — But how much soever their designes were fram'd in the 
 darke, God reveal'd them to his servants, and most miraculously 
 order'd providences for their preservation. About the yeare 1639 the 
 Scots having the English service bookc obtruded upon them vio- 
 lently, refus'd it, and tooke a nationall covenant against it, and 
 enter'd Enoland with a greate armie, to luring their complaints to 
 the kino-, -which his unfaithful! ministers did much, as they sup- 
 pos'd, misreport. The king himself leavied an armie against them, 
 wherein he was assisted by the nobillity and gentry, but most of all 
 by the prelates, insomuch that the warre got the name of bellum 
 episcopale;' but the commonalty of the nation, being themselves 
 under grievous bondage, were loath to oppose a people that came 
 only to claime their iust liberties. When the king was at Yorke, the 
 chiefe of the Scotch covenanters came, under a pretence of treating 
 with the king, but their chiefe intent Avas to disabuse '' the nobillity 
 of England, and to take of their edge against them by remonstrat- 
 
 ' The bishops' war. 
 *= Disabuse, from the French desabuscr, to undeceive.
 
 71 
 
 ing those grievances and oppressions from the prelaticall innovators, 
 which had forc'd them thus to defend their rehgion and hberlies. 
 This they did so effectually, that the hearts of the English Avere much 
 n\ooved towards them, and the king perceiving it, by their media- 
 lions, consented to a dissembled peace for that time, and return'd 
 home. But the Scotls unsatisfied in the performance of their arti- 
 cles, made preparation for a second returne into England; where- 
 upon the king, in his anger and necessity, was forc'd to have 
 recourse to the long neglected remedie of parliaments, and as- 
 sembled one at Westminster the IS"* of April 1640, which he suffered 
 to sitt but 21 dayes, and broke it up againe, apprehending that if 
 he had suffer'd them to sitt a day longer, they would have voted 
 against the war Avith Scotland, which he was violently bent to 
 prosecute. 
 
 The bishops at that time devised as an anti-covenant, in their 
 convocation house, that execrable oath knowne by the name of the 
 etccttera, wherein all ministers were required to sweare to uphold I c^i T^ 
 the government of the church of England by archbishops, deanes, [ 
 archdeacons, <^-c. After this the Scotts enter England, the king 
 makes a second expedition into the north against them, and sends 
 part of his armie to keepe the passes upon the river Tine; but the 
 souldiers being raw and heartlesse to this warre, and the com- 
 manders themselves unexperienced, they were vanquisht, and the 
 Scotts forc'd their Avay, after they had bene refus'd to passe quietly 
 by, with their petitions in their hands, and thus possessed themselves 
 of Newcasde and Durham. At that time the Scotts had put forth 
 a declaration, wherein they had affirm'd their intentions not to lay 
 downe arms till the reform'd religion Avere setled in both nations 
 upon sure grounds, and the causers of these present troubles brought 
 to publick iustice, and that in a parliament. This was so plausible 
 to the English, that the king, finding both the hearts and hands of 
 his people faile him in this occasion, was induc'd to grant the peti- 
 
 N
 
 72 
 
 tion of twelve noble lords, who at that lime interpos'd, and calling 
 together all his lords at Yorke, agreed upon a parliament at Lon- 
 don, to convene the third of November following. In the meane 
 -time there was a treaty condiscended to of sixteene lords of each 
 side, Scotch and English, who agreed upon a cessation betweene 
 both armies for the presentt, in order to a peace, to be concluded 
 at London with the parHament, Avho mett as appoynted in No- 
 vember. 
 
 They began with throwing downe monopolies, and then im- 
 peacht the earle of .Straff'oTd of high treason, who, after a solemne 
 triall and hot disputes on both sides, was at length attainted of trea- 
 son, and the king, against his owne mind, to serve his ends, gave 
 him up to death." The archbishop of Canterbury was alsoe made 
 prisoner upon an accusation of high treason, for Avhich he after 
 suifer'd ; ' Wren bishop of Norwich was likewise committed to the 
 
 '' Whoever has read the propositions deUvered to his majesty by the earl of Straf- 
 ford, for bridling of parliaments and increase of his revenue, which is preserved in the 
 third volume of Ludlow's Memoirs, p. 32'i, ingenious, bold, and dangerous bevond 
 example, will think him richly to have deserved his fate, but not at the hand of Charles, 
 vi'ho herein acted so treacherously by his friends, that their very adversaries are shocked 
 r.t it, and fixed on his reputation a deep and indelible stain; accordingly he seems all 
 his life long to have borne in mind an incessant regret of this crime. — As it was a thing 
 thought of but little consequence at the time, perhaps it will ere long be forgotten 
 that Louis the Sixteenth suffered sentence of death to be executed on a Mr. De Favras 
 for planning to assist him, or his brother, or both, to escape, but when he did really 
 efiect his escape in part, there appeared great eai'nestness and zeal in stopping him! 
 Did he not merit this? 
 
 May says that the cause of Lord Strafford's condemnation was a note produced by 
 Sir H. Vane, proving that as a privy counsellor he had proposed to the king to bring 
 his army from Ireland to reduce this kingdom to obedience; but Ludlow's seems the 
 stronger reason. 
 
 ' It may well be doubted whether it was justifiable to change the proceedings 
 against Laud from impeachment to attainder, in order to vote his death, which the 
 law would not have condemned him to; but certainly deposition and banishment at 
 least were due to the man who brought ruin and disgrace upon that pure and moderate
 
 73 
 
 Tower; severall other prelaticall preachers were question'd for popish 
 and treasonable doctrines; the starre chamber, an uniust and arbi- 
 trary court, was taken away, and the high-commission court; an act 
 was procur'd for a trienniall parhament, and another for the conti- 
 nuation of this, that it shoukl not be broken up without their owne 
 consents. There were greate necessities for mony by reason of the 
 two armies that were then maintain'd in England, and the people 
 would give the king no mony without some ease of grievances, 
 which forc'd him against his inclination to grant those bills, which, 
 after he had granted, he found he had bound up his owne "" hands, 
 and therefore privately encourag'd plotts that were in those times 
 contriv'd against the parliament. One of them was to have rescued 
 the earle of Strafford out of prison, and put him in the head of eight 
 thousand Irish, which the king would not consent to disband, when 
 the parliament had some time before moov'd him to it; then the 
 English armie in the north should have bene brought up and engaged 
 against the parliament itselfe upon a pretence of maintaining the 
 king's prerogative, episcopacy, and some other such things. This 
 plott was manag'd by Percy, Jermyn, Goring, Wilmot, Ashburnham, 
 
 system of religion of which he was the unworthy head : that to his conduct its ruin was 
 principally attributable may be clearly seen by the speeches preserved by Rushworth, 
 in his fourth volume, of Lord Digby, Falkland, Fiennes, and especially Grimston. 
 At this day there is perhaps hardly to be found a son of the churcii who would con- 
 descend to meddle in such base projects as this archbishop assiduously employed him- 
 ielf in. 
 
 ™ This act for perpetuating the parliament was in fact that which gave them a 
 clear ascendancy over the king. The proposing this, as it shewed the ingenuity and 
 judgment of Mr. Pierrepont, to whom oNlrs. Hutchinson attributes it, so does it the 
 weakness of the king and his counsellors, who having granted this, had no longer any 
 power of refusal left. — For extraordinary evils extraordinary remedies are often sought, 
 but this, as it soon proved too strong for the king, so was it at last thought too strong 
 for the people. The omnipotence of parliament would be indeed dreadful alike to both 
 if, instead of being amovible, it was permanent.
 
 74 
 
 Pollard, Suckling, O'Neale, and olliers, of Avhom some confess'd 
 and impeaclit their fellows, others fled, others were put in prison. 
 While this parliament w^as sitting, the king would needs, contrary to 
 their desires, take a iourney to Scotland, and past by the two dis- 
 banding armies in his iourney, where some report that he secretly 
 attempted to urge the Scotch armie against the parliament, which 
 then succeeded not. The houses had reiourned for some time, and 
 left a standing committee of fifty to prepare businesses. About 
 that time a plott was discover'd to them from Scotland, against the 
 lives of some of the greatest peeres of that kingdome; the com- 
 mittee fearing the like attempts from the same spring, placed strong 
 guards in divers parts of the cilie of London. The king's designe 
 in going to Scotland was variously coniectur'd, but this was a cer- 
 teine effect of it, that it retarded all the aftaires of the government 
 of England, which the king had put into such disorder that it was not 
 an easie taske to reforme what was amissc, and redresse the reall 
 grievances of the people; but yet the parliament shew'd such a 
 wonderfull respect to the king, that they never mention'd him, as 
 he Avas, the sole author of all those miscarriages, but imputed them 
 to evill councellors, and gave him all the submissive languao-e that 
 could have bene us'd to a good prince, fixing all the guilt upon his 
 evill councellors and ministers of state, which flattery I feare they 
 have to answer for: I am sure they have thereby expos'd themselves 
 to much scandall." While the king was in Scotland, that cursed 
 rebellion in Ireland broke out, wherein above 200,000 were mas- 
 sacred in two months space, being surpriz'd, and many of them 
 most inhumanely butcher'd and tormented; and besides the slaine, 
 abundance of poore famelies stript and sent naked away, out of all 
 
 ° This is an oversight of Mrs. Hutchinson 's^ of which she is seldom guilty. Good 
 policy required then, as it does now, that the king should be held incapable of wrong, 
 and the criminality fixed on ministers, who are amenable to the law. If the patriots 
 of that day were the inventors of this maxim, we are higlily obliged to them.
 
 75 
 
 their possessions: and, had not the providence of God miraculously 
 prevented the surprize of Dublin castle, the night it should have 
 bene seiz'd, there had not bene any remnant of the protestant name 
 left in that country. Assoone as this sad newcs came to the par- 
 liament, ihey vigorously set themselves to the worke of relieving 
 them, but then the king return'd from Scotland, and being sumptu- 
 ously Avelcomed home by the citie, tooke courage thereby against 
 the parliament, and obstructed all their proceedings for the efFectuali 
 reliefe of Ireland. Long was he before he could be drawne to pro- 
 claime these murtherers rebells, and when he did, by speciall com- 
 mand, there Avere b\it 40 proclamations printed, and care taken 
 that they should not be much dispeis'd ; Avhich courses aflicted all 
 the good protestants in England, and confirm'd that the rebellion in 
 Ireland receiv'd countenance from the king and queene of Eng- 
 land." The parliament, besett with so many difficulties, were forc'd 
 for their owne vindication to present the king with a petition and a 
 remonstrance of the state of the kingdome, wherein they spared him 
 as much as truth would beare, and complained only of his ill coun- 
 sellors and ministers; but this, instead of admonishing, exasperated 
 him, and was answer d with another declaration of his, and upon 
 several! occasions the parliament being enforc'd to iustifie their pro- 
 ceedings publickly, and the king setting forth replies, these open 
 debates were but the prologue to the ensuing tragedie. The citie 
 
 " It would be difficult to draw a distinction so nice as would discriminate between 
 the countenance shewn to the rebels both before and after the rebellion breaking out, 
 and the encouraging the rebellion itself: now that passion and prejudice have subsided 
 there are probably many more that condemn than acquit the king and queen; but 
 whilst the blood of the massacred protestants yet reeked, and indignation glowed, it 
 was neither to be wondered at nor blamed that persons the most tolerant, as the inde- 
 pendents professed to be, and Mrs. Hutchinson especially, shoukl speak witli enmity 
 of the queen and the catholics, and attribute to them those principles of intolerance 
 and antipathy to protestants which, wliether they professed or not, they practised. 
 It will hereafter be seen that, when they ceased to be dangerous, Mr. Hutchinson did 
 not peisecutCj but protect them.
 
 76 . 
 
 declaring iheir good affections to the parliament by a petition, gave 
 the king distrust, and he was observ'd to entertaine an extraordinary 
 guard of cavaliers, Avho killed and wounded some of the poore un- 
 arm'd men that pass'd by his house at Whitehall, and the parliament 
 conceiving themselves not safe, desir'd a guard might be allow'd 
 them under the command of the Earle of Essex ; but he refus'd it, 
 with an assurance that he would conunand such a guard to waite 
 upon them as he would be responsible to Almighty God for, and 
 that the safety of all and every one of them was as deare to him as 
 that of his owne person and children. Yet the very next day after 
 this false message he came to the house of commons, attended with 
 his extraordinary guard, of about four hundred gentlemen and soul- 
 diers, arm'd with sAvords and pistolls, and there demanded five of 
 their members, whom not finding there (for a greate lady at court 
 had before informed one of them of his coming, and the house or- 
 der'd them to retire) he return'd, leaving the house under a high 
 sense of this breach of their privelledge.'' At this time the people 
 began in greate numbers to bring petitions to the king and parlia- 
 
 P The force of opinion being the only real force of any prince, and the notion of 
 
 inviolability his best protection, it was a strange infatuation in him to overthrow them 
 
 both. 
 
 Turno tempiis erit magno cum optavei'it emptum 
 
 Intactum Pallanta, et cum spolia ilia, diemque 
 
 Oderit. ViRG. .^n. 10. 
 
 The time shall come zchcn Tiinnis, hut in vain. 
 Shall zcish niitouclid the trophies of' the slain, 
 And curse the dire remembrance of that day. Dryden. 
 
 An English gentleman, who was resident in France at the time that Louis the Sixteenth 
 sent his guards to the parliament of Paris to seize some of the members (one of whom 
 was the famous Duval Despresinenil), and sent out decrees and manifestoes, as has 
 been here just before related, made this remark, " He hiis entered upon the career of 
 Charles the First, and he will follow it to the end." // est entrt dans la carriere de 
 Cluirles I, et il la suivra jitu/u' an lout. AVhen he saw again in England, as emi-
 
 77 
 
 ment, to beg a more chearefull concurrence betweene them for the 
 rehefe of Ireland, and to encourage the parhament in their honor- 
 able endeavours for the rehefe of both kino-domes. The kino- was 
 oft'cnded at ihis, and retir'd first to Ilamptou-court, then went with 
 the queene to Canterbury, whom he sent from thence into Holland 
 with her daughter, lately married to the prince of Orange, under 
 pretence of conducting her to her owne court, but really to manage 
 his businesse abroad, and procure arms to be em ploy 'd against the 
 parliament, by the sale of the crowne iewells, Mdiich she carried 
 over with her. Ai'lcv her departure the king, taking the prince and 
 the duke of Yorke with him, went to Theobalds, whither the parlia- 
 ment sent a petition to him to returne to his parliament and abide 
 neere London, and that he would not carry the prince away with 
 him, and that he Avould grant the millitia of the kingdome to be 
 put into such hands as the parliament should recommend, and might 
 confide in; all Avhich he denied, and went immediately to New- 
 market, and from thence to Yorke; all this while, by many false 
 pretences, really obstructing the reliefe of bleeding Ireland, and 
 seducing many of the poore people of England into blood and 
 ruine. 
 
 In conducting the stale of England, in those dayes, Avherein he, 
 whose actions I am tracing, began to enter into his part, in this 
 greate tragedy, I have bene too long for that I intended, and too 
 short to give a cleare understanding of the righteousnesse of the 
 parliament's cause; '' Avhich I shall desire you to informc yourselves 
 
 grants, the same French gentlemen before whom he had made this remark, they 
 reminded him of it ; saying how Httle probable this had seemed to them at the period 
 of its being spoken, a year before the holding of the states general! 
 
 1 Probably few people will think Mrs. Hutchinson has been too prolix, many will 
 that she has been too concise. Mr. May's history comes down onl}' to September, 
 1643, which is much to be regretted, as he may justly be called an impartial and clear 
 historian, but is little read, probably because his history finishes before that period 
 which was the most interesting.
 
 78 
 
 belter of by llieir owne printed papers, and Mr. Maye's history, 
 which I find to be impartially true, so farre as he hath carried it on, 
 saving some little mistakes in his owne iudgement, and misinforma- 
 tions which some vaine people gave of the state, and more in- 
 dulgence to the king's guilt then can iustly be allow'd. 
 
 To take up my discourse of Mr. Hutchinson where I left it, he 
 was now come to his owne house at Owthprpe, about the time 
 when the Irish massacre was acted, and finding humors begin to 
 be very stirring, he applied himselfe to understand the things then 
 in dispute, and read all the publick papers that came forth, be- 
 tweene the king and parliament, besides many other private trea- 
 tises, both concerning the present and foregoing times. Hereby he 
 became abundantly informed in his understanding, and convinc'd'in 
 conscience, of the righteousnesse of the parliament's cause, in poynt 
 of civill right; and though he was satisfied of the endeavours to 
 reduce ' poperie, and subvert the true protestant religion, which in- 
 deed was apparent to every one that impartially considered it, yet 
 he did not thinke that so cleare a ground of the warre, as the de- 
 fence of the iust English liberties;' and although he was clearly 
 
 ■■ Reduce^ Latin reducerc, to bring baci<, restore, revive. 
 
 ' This observation clearly shews that Mr. Hutchinson did not suffer his -zeal for 
 religion to run into fanaticism, so as to mislead his judgment in political matters, and 
 is in unison with a sentiment vvhich appears in May's history, who, in pages 115, 11(5, 
 and 117, shews by various facts and arguments, "that laws and liberties havmg been 
 " so much violated by the king, if the parliament had not so far drawn religion also 
 " into their cause, it might have sped better; that by doing it they frequently weak- 
 " ened their reasoning, and assuredly lost a more considerable party of gentlemen 
 " than they gained." 
 
 Had he continued his history to the end he would probably have remarked that by 
 thus forcing religion into their service, and making as it were a tool of it, they found 
 it had two edges, and, as it well might, proved rather more destructive to them than 
 their adversaries, as it served to disunite the parliament, to whose very existence union 
 was necessary.
 
 79 
 
 swaj'd by his owne iudgement and reason to the parhament, he, 
 thinking he had no wan-antable call, at that time, to doe aniethino- 
 more, contented himselfe with praying for peace. At that lime 
 Mr. Henry Ireton was in the country, and being a kinsman of Mr. 
 Hutchinson's, and one that had received so much advantage to him- 
 selfe and his famelj'' in the country by Sr. 'J'homas Hutchinson's 
 countenance and protection, that he seem'd a kind of dependant 
 upon him, being besides a very grave, serious, religious, person; 
 there Avas a greate league of kindnesse and good will betweene 
 them.' Mr. Ireton being very active iu promoting the parliament. 
 
 ' As it will be seen in the sequel that Mr. Hutchinson reposed a very great confi- 
 dence in Ireton, and even allowed to the information he received from him such weight 
 in forming his judgment as he did to that of no one else, it may be well to examine 
 how far the one was deserving, and the other discerning, in this. 
 
 The question will be probably decided to general satisfaction upon the testimony 
 of Whitelock and Ludlow, men of very different dispositions, but both of great good 
 sense and knowledge of their subject. Whitelock, in speaking of some reforms pro- 
 posed in the election and composition of the house of commons, says, " Ireton was 
 " chiefly employed in them, having learned some grounds of law, and having a labo- 
 " rious and working brain and fancy." When he comes to speak of the reforms of 
 the law which Ireton likewise meditated, he says, " he was a man full of invention 
 " and industry, who had a little knowledge of the law, which led him into the more 
 " errors." But when by his death the jealousy lest he should bring about those re- 
 forms which Whitelock, and most of the lawyers, were averse to, had ceased, he says 
 of him, page 5l6, " this gentleman was a person very active, industrious, and stiff in 
 " his ways and purposes; he was of good abilities for council as well as action, made 
 " much use of his pen, and was very forward to reform the proceedings in law, 
 " wherein his having been bred a lawyer was a great help to him. He was stout in 
 " the field, and wary and prudent in councils; exceedingly forward as to the business 
 " of a c'bmmonwealth. Cromwell had a great opinion of him, and no man could 
 " prevail so much, nor order him so far, as Ireton could." But Ludlow, who viewed 
 him more constantly and closely in a post of great power and temptation, that of 
 deputy of Ireland, being himself next in command to him, gives the following account 
 of his conduct in one instance, which will render all others superfluous. " The parlia- 
 " ment also ordered an act to be brought in for settling two thousand per annum on 
 
 O
 
 80 
 
 and the godly interest in the country, found greate opposition by 
 some proiectors and others of corrupt interest that were in commis- 
 sion of the peace, whereupon making complaint at the parliament, 
 he procur'd some of them to be put out of the commission, and 
 others, better affected, to be put into their roomes, of which Mr. 
 Hutchinson was one; but he then forbore to take his oath, as not 
 willing to lanch out rashly into publick employments, Avhile such a 
 storme hung threat 'ning over head ; yet his good affections to gpdli- 
 nesse and the interest of his country, being a glory that could not 
 be conceal'd, many of his honest neighbours made applications to 
 him, and endeavoured to gaine his conduct, which he at first in 
 modesty and prudence would not too hastily rush into." The par- 
 liament had made orders to deface the images in all churches: 
 within two miles of his house there was a church, where Christ upon 
 the crosse, the virgin, and John, had bene fairly sett up in a win- 
 dore over the altar, and sundry other superstitious paintings, of the 
 priest's owne ordering,^ were drawne upon the walls. When the 
 order for razing out those reliques of superstition came, the priest 
 only tooke downe the heads of the images, and laid them carefully 
 up in his closett, and would have had the church officers to have 
 certified that the thing was done according to order; whereupon 
 they came to Mr. Hutchinson, and desir'd him that he Avould take 
 the paynes to come and view their church, which he did, and upon 
 
 " the lord-deputy Ireton, the news of which being brought over was so unacceptable 
 " to him, that he said, they had many just debts, which he desired they would pay 
 " before they made any such presents; that he had no need of their land, and would 
 " not have it ; and that he should be more contented to see them doing the service of 
 " the nation, than so liberal in disposing of the public treasure." 
 
 " Mr. Hutchinson being born in the latter end of the year l6l6, was only about 
 three-and-twenty years old at this period; when some may think this modesty became 
 him. It was not the fashion of those times to arrive at the perfection of wisdom and 
 judgment so early as in our days !
 
 81 
 
 discourse with the parson, persuaded him to blott out all the super- 
 stitious payntings, and breakc the images in the glasse; which he 
 consented to, but being ill-atTccled, was one of those who began to 
 brand Mr. Hutchinson with the name of Puritane. 
 
 At that time most of the gentry of the country were disaffected 
 to the parliament, most of the middle sort, the able substantial! 
 freeholders, and the other commons, who had not their dependance 
 upon the malignant nobillity and genliy, adher'd to the parliament. 
 These, when the king was at Yorke, made a petition to him, to re- 
 turne to the parliament, which, upon their earnest entreaty, Mr. 
 Hutchinson went, with some others, and presented at Yorke," 
 Avhere, meeting his cousins the Birons, they were extremely troubled 
 to see him there, on that account. After his returne, Sr. John 
 
 * Persons of the description which now go under the name of Yeomanry, seem to 
 have been passed over by Charles and his advisers as of little consequence, and per- 
 haps this was the real ground of the grand error they were in of supposing they had 
 all or most of the strength of the nation with them, because they had most of the no- 
 bility and richer gentry ; whereas it was found, when a general movement took place, 
 that the great bulk of the people was against them, and, like an overwhelming tide, 
 bore down all before it. Yet he and they had abundant warnings by this and such 
 like petitions, and by associations which began very early to be entered into; or still 
 earlier in the expedition against the Scots, wherein the averseness of the common 
 souldiers to the war was so evident, that it compelled the patching up a peace, " And, 
 " astonishing as it might be, (says May, p. 6-4), it was seen that the common people 
 " were sensible of public interest and religion, when lords and gentlemen seemed not 
 " to be." It is true that the mass of the people, having little time for contemplation, 
 are content to let those to whom affluence gives leisure think for them ; but when they 
 do think for themselves, and strongly adopt a sentiment, he is a bold man, and ought 
 to have astonishing resources, who contravenes it. That will be generally, if not al- 
 ways, found the wiser government which informs itself well as to the real bent of the 
 public mind; and, if it is misled by a faction, takes the way of candour and frankness 
 to dispel the mist of error or prejudice, but avoids to do violence to the general opi- 
 nion. The Editor of this work is proud of being the first person who, two years before 
 its adoption, suggested an appeal to the sense and spirit of the nation by tlie association 
 of armed volunteers.
 
 82 
 
 Biron being likewise come to his house at Newsted, Mr. Hutchinson 
 went to visit him there, and not finding him return'd to Notting- 
 ham, five miles short of his owne house. There, going to the mayor 
 to hear some newes, he mett with such as he expected not, for as 
 soone as he came in, the mayor's wife told him, that the sheriff e of 
 the county was come to fetch away the magazine that belong'd to 
 the trained bands of the county, which was left in her husband's 
 trust, and that her husband had sent for the country to acquaint 
 them, but she fear'd it Avould be gone before they could come in, 
 whereupon Mr. Hutchinson, taking his brother from his lodgings 
 allong A\dth him, presently went to the towneshall, and asking who 
 were above, he was told that the lord lieftenant, my Lord Newark, 
 was there, to whom he sent his name and desired to speake with 
 him ; and being come vip, found in the roome, where the pouder 
 was weighing, my Lord Newark, the sheriffe Sr. John Digbie, and 
 two or three captaines ; Mr. Hutchinson, addressing himself to my 
 lord only, spoke to him — ." , 
 
 H. My Lord, hearing that there was some question, concerning 
 the county's powder, I am come to kisse your lordship's hands, and 
 to beseech you that I may know what your desires and intents are 
 concerning it .'' 
 
 N. Cousin, the king desires to borrow it of the country, to 
 supply his greate necessities. 
 
 if. I beseech your lordship, what commission have you to de- 
 mand this .'' 
 
 N. Upon my honor, I have a commission from his maiestie, but 
 
 y Eldest son of the Earl of Kingston, and brother of two Mr. Pierreponts men- 
 tioned in this work ; this nobleman was afterwards created Marquis of Dorchester, and 
 will be spoken of under that title in the sequel. 
 
 This passage being more fully treated in that particular account mentioned in the 
 Preface, this dialogue is transcribed from thence, supposing it might amuse some 
 readers.
 
 83 
 
 it is left behind me ; but I will engage my honor it shall be repaid 
 the country. 
 
 H. Your lordship's honor is an engagement, would be accepted 
 for more than I am worth ; but in such an occasion as this, the 
 greatest man's engagement in the kingdome, cannot be a satisfaction 
 to the country. 
 
 JV. The king's intents are only to borrow it, and if the country 
 will not lend it, he will pay for it. 
 
 H. My Lord, 'tis not the valine of the ponder we endeavour to 
 preserve, but in times of danger, as these are, those things which 
 serve for our defence, are not valluable at any price, should you 
 give us as many barrells of gold as you take barrells of ponder. 
 
 N. Upon my faith and honor, cousin, it shall be restored in 
 ten dayes. 
 
 H. My Lord, such is the danger of the times, that for aught 
 we know, we may in lesse than foure dayes be ruined for want of 
 it ; and I beseech your lordship to consider, how sad a thing it is, 
 in these times of warre, to leave a poore country and the people in 
 it, naked and open to the iniury of every passenger ; for if you take 
 our ponder, you may as well take our amies, without which we are 
 unable to make use of them, and I hope your lordship will not dis- 
 arme the country. 
 
 N. Why, who should the country feare ? I am their lord lief- 
 tenant and engaged with my life and honor to defend them ! what 
 danger are they in ? 
 
 H. Danger, yes my lord, greate danger; there is a troope of 
 horse now in the towne, and it hath often hap'ned so that they have 
 committed greate outrages and insolencies, calling divers honest 
 men puritanes and rogues, with divers other provoking termes and 
 carnages ; I myself was abused by some of them, as I passed on 
 the roade : I chanced to meete some of these gentlemen, who, as- 
 soone as I was past, enquired my name, and being told it, gave me
 
 84 
 
 another, saying among themselves, that I was a puritane and a 
 traitor; as two or three honest men that came behind told me. 
 Besides 3^our lordship may be farre of, and we ruin'd before 3'ou 
 can come to us, being unarm'd and not able to defend ourselves 
 from any body, and this countr}'^ being a roade through which, 
 under the name of souldiers, rude people dayl}' passe from north to 
 south and temhe the country; which if they knew to be naked and 
 unanned, they would thereby be encouraged to greater insolencies 
 and mischiefes. 
 
 N. The king's occasions are such and so urg-ent as I cannot dis- 
 pence with it for any reasons, but must needs have it. 
 
 H. I hope your lordship will not denie that the country hath a 
 right, interest, and propertie in it. 
 
 A^. I do not denie it. 
 
 H. Then, my Lord, I hope his males tie will not command it 
 from them. 
 
 N. No, he doth but desire to borrow it. 
 
 H. Then, I hope, if he doe but desire to borrow it, his maiestie 
 hath signified his request to those that have interest in it, under his 
 hand. 
 
 N. Upon my honor he hath, but I left it behind me. 
 
 H. I beseeche your lordship then, that you would not take it 
 away, 'till you have acquainted the country with it, who only have 
 power to lend it; and if your lordship be pleased to doe this, I Avill 
 engage myselfe that by to-morrow at twelve of the clock, that part 
 of the country who have interest in the pouder, shall all waite on 
 your lordship and give you their resolutions. 
 
 N. The king's occasions cannot admitt of that delay. 
 
 H. I beseech of your lordship, yet be pleas'd to consider the 
 dangerous consequence of taking it without the countries consent, 
 and be pleased but to stay 'till they can come in.
 
 85 
 
 N. That time is more than his majesties necessities can dispence 
 withall. 
 
 With tliat Mr, Hutchinson went downe staires, -where b}- that 
 time a good company of the country were gathered together, to 
 whom Mr. Hutchinson told what my lord had sa3''d to him, and 
 they desu'ed him that he would but stand to them, and they Avould 
 part with ever}^ drop of blood out of their bodies before he should 
 have it ; and sa3''d besides, that they would go up and breake ni}^ 
 lord's neck and the sheriff's out of the windores ; but Mr. Hutchinson 
 desired them to stay below, till he had once more spoken to my 
 lord, and then, taking only one or two more with him, Avent up and 
 spoke to my lord. 
 
 H. My Lord, I am againe, at the request of the countric, that 
 are below, come to your lordship, and doe once more humbly be- 
 seeche you, to consider the businesse you are about, before you 
 proceed further in it, for it may proove of dangerous consequence 
 if you goe on. 
 
 N. Cousin, I am confident it cannot, for the countric will not 
 denie this to the king. 
 
 H. It's very probable they will not, if your lordship please to 
 hsu*e patience, till they can be call'd in, that they may be acquainted 
 with his maiesties desires. 
 
 JV. His maiesty is very well assured of the willingnessc and 
 cheerfullnesse of the greater part of the country to it. 
 
 H. My Lord, I doe not know what assurance his maiesty hath 
 of it, but if you please to look out of this window, (pointing to the 
 countrymen below in the streets), you will see no inconsiderable 
 number gathered, who I feare will not be willing to part Avith it. 
 
 N. Those are but some few factious men, not to be con- 
 sidered. — 
 
 H. My Lord, we have bene happy yet, in these unhappy dif- 
 ferences, to have had no blood shed, and I am confident 3'our lord-
 
 86 
 
 ship is soe noble and tender of your country, that it would very 
 much trouble you, to have a hand in the first man's blood that 
 should be spent iw this quanrel. \ 
 
 N. Cousin, it cannot come to that, feare it not, (this was spoken 
 ver}' slightly and contemptuously), his maiesties occasions are urgent 
 and must be serv'd. — 
 
 (With that, the countrie came very fast up, which when the ca- 
 valier captanes saw, they slunk downe). 
 
 H. Why then, my lord, I must planiely tell you, not one here 
 but will loose every drop of blood in his body, before he will part 
 with one corne of it, without your lordship can shew either a com- 
 mand or a request for it under his maiesties hand and scale, or that 
 the countrie be call'd together to give their free consent to it, for 
 we have all propcrtie and interest in it, being members of this county, 
 and it being bought Avith our money, for the particular defence and 
 safetie of the same. 
 
 My lord desired to borrow part of it, but that being denied, he 
 turned to Sr. John Digbie and took him to the window, where, after 
 he had whispered with him a while, Sr. John Digbie laid downe his 
 pen, inke, and paper, with which he had been taking an account 
 of the ponder, match, and bullet. The countrymen desired my 
 lord aloud, that he Avould not take away their ponder, out of the 
 country ; upon which, turning to them, he thus spoke — 
 
 " Gentlemen, his maiesty was assured by some of the cheerfull- 
 nesse of this country's affections to him, which I am very sorry to 
 see so much failing in, and that the countrie should come so much 
 short of this towne, which hath cheerfully lent his maiestie one bar- 
 rell of ponder, but it seems he can have none from you ; I pray God 
 you doe not repent this carriage of yours towards his maiestie, which 
 he must be acquainted withall." 
 
 A countryman, standing forth, asked his lordship this question, 
 •*' Whethei', if he were to lake a iourney into a place where pro-
 
 87 
 
 hablj he might be set upon by thieves and robbers, and having a 
 charge about him, if any friend should aske him to lend his sword, 
 he would part with it and goe himself without r" My lord the case 
 is ours; our lives, Avives, children, and estates, all depend upon 
 this countries safetie; and hoAv can it be safe in these danoerous 
 times, when soe many troopcs and companies passe through and 
 committ outrages and abuses among us, if we have not amies and 
 ponder Avherewith to defend us ? 
 
 My Lord made no replic, but bade the men whom he had em- 
 ploy 'd to weigh up the ponder desist; and soe Avent downe the 
 staires. Mr. Hutchinson follow'd him, and as he Avent, an auncient 
 gentleman, Avho Avas Avith my lord, Avhose face and name Avere both 
 unknoAvne to him, came to him and sayd these Avords : — " Stand to 
 it, I'll Avarrand you, gentlemen it is Avell done." And as they pass'd 
 through a Ioav roome, my lord tooke Mr. Hutchinson aside, and 
 sayd, 
 
 N. Cousin, I must acquaint the king Avith this ! 
 
 H. My Lord, it's very likely you must, being, employ 'd upon 
 his maiesties service, give him an account. 
 
 N. Nay cousin, (smiling), I meane not soe, but I must acquaint 
 him, and I am sorry I must, that you are the head and ringlcadev. of 
 a faction, Avhereby you hinder his maiestie's service. 
 
 H. My Lord, I doe not conceive hoAv this can be a faction, I 
 speaking only, out of the noble respect and honor I beare your lord- 
 ship, in private to you, to prevent a mischiefe, the sence of these 
 men, Avho I perceivVl Avere come to know by Avhat authoritie, and 
 Avhy, their pouder, Avhich is their proper goods and only means of 
 safetie, in these times of danger, should be taken from them ; and 
 if it Avere a faction, I am not the head of it, I, accidentally coming 
 to toAvne from Sr. John Biron's last night, and neither knoAving nor 
 imagining any of this businisse, Avas this morning importun'd to Avaite
 
 88 
 
 on your lordship, at the town's hall, by many countrymen, who in- 
 f'orm'd me you were taking away their ponder out of the country. 
 
 N. Cousin, if you can answer it, I shall be glad of it; but III 
 assure you I must let his maiestie know. 
 
 H. If his maiestie must know it, I am very happy I spoke to 
 none but your lordship; who, I am confident, is so noble that you 
 will neither adde nor diminish anietliing to my preiudice, and then I 
 am confident the iustnesse and reasonableness of what I have say'd, 
 with my own innocencie in speaking it, will beare me out. 
 
 N. I, cousin, but your name is up alreadie. 
 
 H. It may be soe, my lord; and I believe those that sett it up, 
 had no good wishes to me, and as it rose, soe, in the name of God, 
 let it fall ; for I know my owne clearenesse and innocencie in anie- 
 thing that can be obiected against me. 
 
 N. Well, cousin, well ; I am glad of j^our good resolution.^ 
 
 And so my lord left him. The gentlemen of the country that 
 were there, upon consideration, what they should doe with their 
 pouder, determin'd to returne my lord thanks for sparing it, and to 
 lock it up with two locks, whereof the sherjfte should have one key, 
 and the mayor another : which accordingly was done, but Mr. 
 Hutchinson came no more at my lord. 
 
 In the meane time, at Yorke, the king had sent the parliament a 
 message, that he intended to goe in person to Ireland, and to rayse 
 a guard for his owne person, about West Chester, which he would 
 arme out of his magazine at Hull. But the parliament, having 
 before intercepted a letter of the Lord Digbie's, sent to the queene 
 
 ^ How my lord may have reported this matter to the king signifies little ; but he 
 probably remembered as a kindness Mr. Hutchinson's interposition between him and 
 the more rough arguments of the countrymen ; for there appears to have existed, on 
 all suitable occasions^ an intercourse of friendship during the remainder of their 
 lives.
 
 89 
 
 from Middleburgh in Zealand, wherein he intimated, that, if the 
 king Avould retire to some safe place, and declare himselfe, he 
 should be able to waite upon him from thence, &c. Upon this 
 letter and other presumptions, thc}^ suspected that the chiefe end of 
 the king's going northward, was to seize the magazine at Hull, and 
 arme himselfe from thence, against them ; wherefore they sent a 
 petition, for leave to remove that magazine to the tower of London, 
 and accordingly had sent Sr. John Hotham thither to doe it. Sr. 
 John prevented the Earle of Newcastle, whom the king had sent 
 for the same purpose, to seize the magazine, and kept him out ; at 
 which the king was much incens'd, and on the 23d of Aprill 1642, 
 went himselfe to Hull, attended with some noblemen, gentlemen, 
 and souldiers, and demanded entrance ; but the gates were shutt, 
 and Hotham, kneeling upon the wall, intrcated the king not to 
 command that, Avhich, without breach of trust, he could not obey. 
 
 In conclusion, the king not getting entrance, proclaimed Ho- 
 tham traitor, and sent a complaint of the affront to the parliament. 
 The parliament iustified Hotham, many declarations about it were 
 published on both sides, many crosse-commands, the parliament 
 authorizing Hotham to issue out warrants to constables and other 
 officers, to come in armed, to the defence of Hull, the king for- 
 bidding it. The king meane while in the north, summon'd divers 
 of the nobility and gentry to attend him, and made speeches to 
 them, to desire a guard for his person, pretending danger from the 
 parliament. He then began to entertaine souldiers, and was much 
 encourag'd by the defection of divers lords and many of the com- 
 mons house, who forsooke their trust and came to him at Yorke ; 
 whereupon he call'd those who remain'd only a faction, a pretended 
 parliament, and such names ; but they continued still petitioning to 
 him, and the well-affected and godly, in all countries, did the like, 
 that he would returne to his parliament. The papists all over Eng- 
 land were high partakers with him and promoters of his designcs, and
 
 90 
 
 all the debosht iiobillit}' and gentry, and their dependents, and the 
 lewder rout of people ; yet even of these some there were, that had 
 English hearts, who came in to the parliament ; but finding after- 
 wards that the advance of liberty and righteousnesse could not con- 
 sist with riot and ungodlinesse, they forsooke their party, and were 
 content to be the king's slaves, rather then divorce themselves from 
 those lusts, w'hich found countenance from both priests and princes 
 on one side ; and on the other was preacht downe by the ministers, 
 and punisht by the magistrates \ 
 
 Towards the end of May, the j^arliauient sent the king word, 
 that if he would not disband his forces, and rely upon the lawes 
 and affections of his people, for his security, as all good princes 
 before him had done, they held themselves bound in duty to God 
 and the people's trust reposed in them, and by the fundamcntall 
 lawes, to employ their utmost care and power, for securing the par- 
 liament and preserving the kingdome's peace. AVhereupon they 
 voted, " That it seems the king, seduced by wicked councell, in- 
 tends a warre against the parliament, &c. 
 
 " That whensoever the king makes waiTc upon the parliament, 
 it is a breach of the trust reposed in him by the people, contrary to 
 his oath, and tending to the dissolution of this government. 
 
 " That whosoever shall assist him in such warres, are traytors, 
 by the fundamentall lawes of this kingdome, and have bene so ad- 
 iudg'd, in two acts of parliament, 11 Richard 2, and 1 Henry 4 ; 
 and that such persons ought to suffer as traytors." 
 
 a Whatever may be said at this day of ihc hj-pocrisy of the religionists of those 
 times, the most that can possibly be allowed, is that their professions might somewhat 
 outgo their practice; but this must in some degree befal ever\' Christian, No one can 
 deny that, instead of captivating vulgar minds by breaking the bonds of morality, as 
 modern demagogues have done, the forefathers of our liberties set the pattern of a reli- 
 gious and decent conduct, and caused the same to be -observed in their armies with aa 
 exactness that surprizes us, and of which rigour many striking examples are to be 
 found in Whitelock's Memorials.
 
 91 
 
 Hereupon nine of the lords, that first went to the king, were 
 summon'd to returne ; wlio sending a letter of" deniall, were, by the 
 whole house of peeres, sentenc'd to be incapable of ever sitting 
 againe as members of that house, or of benefit or priviledge of par- 
 liament, and to suffer imprisonment during pleasure. Then the 
 lord keeper, who had appear'd firme to the parliament, and voted 
 with them, for settling the millitia by ordinance of parliament, 
 runne away to the king, after he had deliver'd up his scale, the 
 day before, to one the king sent for it. The king, having this, 
 issued out man}^ proclamations, and among the rest, one that no 
 man should obey the parliament's warrants, about setling the mil- 
 litia. The parliament, on the other side, made ordinances forbid- 
 ding all men to ra3'se armes, by warrant from the king, without 
 authority of parliament. And now they began to settle the king- 
 dome's millitia, both by land and sea, and made the Earle of War- 
 wick admiral!, which place the king had conferral upon Sr. John 
 Pennington, in the roome of the Earle of Northumberland, and 
 commanded my lord of Warwick to resigne ; but he chose to obey 
 the parliament, and got the fleete at length wholly into his hands, 
 and took a ship with ammunition comming to the king out of Hol- 
 land. The parliament now, despairing of the king's returne, made 
 an ordinance for mony and plate to be brought in, for raysing 
 armes for the cause ; which came in, in greate abundance, upon 
 publick faith, and likewise horses and armes for the service. The 
 king, Avho had recciv'd mony, amies, and ammunition, which the 
 (}e.ecnc had piocur'd in Holland, b}' pawning the crowne iewells, 
 sent out commissions of array, to arme the people in all counties, 
 and mockt the parliament, using their owne word, wherein they 
 invited men to arme for the defence of the protestant religion, the 
 king's person, dignitie, and authority, the lawes of the land, the 
 peace of the kingdome, and privelledge of parliament ; and thus 
 decciv'd many peo])le, and gott contributions of plate, mony, and
 
 92 
 
 amies in the country. While lliese things were in transaction, the 
 king made a solemne protestation before the lords, as in the presence 
 of God, declaring that he would not engage them in any warre, 
 against the parliament, but only for his necessary defence ; that his 
 desire was to maintaine the protestant religion, the liberties of the 
 subiect, and privelledge of parliament; but the next day, he did 
 some action, so contrary to this protestation, that two of the lords 
 durst not stay with him, but return'd to the parliament; and one of 
 them conuning back through Nottinghamshire, acquainted Mr. 
 Hutchinson with the sad sence he had, discovering that falsehood 
 in the king. 
 
 Now had the king rays'd an armie of three thousand foote and 
 one thousand horse, Avith which he went to Beverly, in order to 
 besiege Hull. When he was within two howers march of the place, 
 Sr. John Hotham floted the country about it, and Sr. John Mel- 
 drum, sallying out of the towne, with five hundred townsmen, 
 made the king's party retreate to Beverly: but however they be- 
 leaguer'd the towne, into which the parliament sent a reliefe of five 
 hundred men, by water, with whom Meldrum made another sally, 
 routed the leagucr-souldiers, kill'd some, made others prisoners, 
 tooke the magazine of amies and ammunition, which was in a 
 barne, with their fire-balls, and fired the barne. Hereupon the 
 king's councell of warre broke up the siege, from whence the king 
 went back to Yorke, and about the middle of August came lo 
 Nottingham, Avhere he sett up his standard royall, and hither his 
 two nephewes, Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice, came to him 
 and were put into commands. The king marching through Notting- 
 ham, Derby, and Leicestei-shire, call'd together the trained bands 
 as to attend him, disarm'd those counties, and march'd to Shrews- 
 berry, and there sett up a mint and coyned the plate, that had 
 bene brought in to him. Here a greate many men came in to him, 
 with whom, marching into Warwickshire, he there fought his first
 
 93 
 
 battle at a village call'd Keynton;'' it not being yett agreed who 
 gain'd the victory that day. 
 
 As the king, on his part, made this progresse, so the parliament, 
 on theirs, upon the twelfdi of July, voted an armie to be rays'd, 
 and the Earle of Essex to be general! of it. Divers of the lords and 
 severall members of the house of commons tooke commissions, and 
 rays'd regiments and companies under his command, who march'd 
 with his armie of about fourteen thousand horse and foote to his 
 rendevouz at Northampton, whither the parliament sent a petition 
 to him, to be deliver'd to the king, in a safe and honorable way; 
 the summe of which was, to beseeche him to forsake those Avicked 
 people with whom he was, and not to mix his danger with theirs, 
 but to returne to his parliament, &c. The king intending to make 
 "Worcester a garrison, sent Prince Rupert thither; the Earle of Essex, 
 to prevent him, sent other forces, betweene whom there was some 
 skirmish, but the prince left the towne at their approach. My lord 
 of Essex left a garrison in Northampton, putt others into Coventry 
 and Warwick, and went to Worcester. Here he made some stay, 
 till the king, marching from Shrewsberrie, there was some appre- 
 hension of his going up to London, for which cause my lord left 
 part of his artillery behind him, and follow'd the king's motions, 
 which the king perceiving, tooke an opertunity, before his artillery 
 and the foote left with it were come up to him, and resolv'd to give 
 him battle; which was not declined on the other side, but fought 
 with doubtfull successe, the circumstances whereof may be read at 
 large in the stories of those things. The king's generall was slaine, 
 his standard Avas taken, though not kept; but on the other side 
 
 •» Commonly called Edge-hill fight. Both king and parliament claimed the victory, 
 but our authoress shews rather more candour than either. The king's main design of 
 marching to London was however frustrated, and therefore the parliament might be 
 most properly termed gainers.
 
 94 
 
 alsoe there were many brave men slaine and prisoners. My lord of 
 Essex marcht to Coventry; the king to take up his winter quarters 
 at Oxford, from whence Prince Rupert flew about the countries 
 with his body of horse, plunder'd and did many barbarous things; 
 insomuch that London, growing into apprehensions of the king's 
 armie, the parliament call'd back the Earle of Essex to quarter 
 about London; and he being returned thither, the king was advanc'd 
 as farre as Colebrooke, where he was presented widi a petition 
 from the parliament for accommodation, to which he answer'd, with 
 a protestation to God, how much he was griev'd for his subiects' 
 sufferings, and, in order to peace, Av-as willing to reside neare Lon- 
 don, to receive their propositions, and to treate with them. As- 
 soone as ever the commissioners Avere gone, the king advanc'd with 
 his horse and artillery towards London, and, taking the advantage 
 of a grcate mist, fell upon a broken regiment of Col. Hollis's, quar- 
 tered at Brainft)rd, and kill'd many of them, and had destroy 'd 
 them all, but that Brooke's and Hampden's regiments, by Provi- 
 dence, came seasonably to their rescue; and then so many forces 
 flockt with the generall, out of London, that the king Avas enclos'd, 
 and the Avarre had bene ended, but that I know not hoAv three thou- 
 sand of the parliament's forces Avere call'd aAvay by their procure- 
 ment Avho design'd the continuance of the Avarre; and so the king 
 liad a way of retreate left open, by Avhich he gott back to Oxford, 
 and the parliament's generall Avas sent out againe ' Avitli their armic; 
 Avhose proceedings I shall take up againe in their due places, so 
 farre as is necessarie to be remember 'd, for the story I most particu- 
 larly intend. 
 
 * The account Mrs. Hutchinson gives of the affair of Brentford is much more clear 
 and probable than that given by Rapin, vol. ii. p. 465. Indeed he himself seems dis- 
 satisfied with those varying accounts he could collect of that business from Clarendon 
 and others: but Ludlow, who was a military man and an eye-witness, gives a clear 
 account, agieeing with that of Mrs. Ilutchiuson.
 
 95 
 
 Before the flame of the warre broke out in tlie lop of the chiin- 
 iiies, the smoake ascended in every country; the king had sent forth 
 commissions of array, and the parUament had given out commis- 
 sions for their miUitia, and sent of their members into all counties 
 to put them in execution. Betweene these in many places there 
 were fierce contests and dispytes, allmost to blood, even at the first; 
 for in the progresse every county had the civil) warre, more or lesse, 
 Avithin itselfe. Some counties were in the beginning so wholly for 
 the parliament, that the king's interest appear'd not in them; some 
 so wholly for the king, that the godly, for those generally were the 
 parliament's friends, were forc'd to forsake their habitations, and 
 seeke other shelters: of this sort was Nottinghamshire. All the 
 nobillity and gentry, and their dependents, were generally for the 
 king, the chiefe of whose names I shall summe up here, because I 
 shall often have occasion to mention them. The greatest famely 
 was the Earle of Newcastle's,'' a lord so much once beloved in his 
 country that, Avhen the first expedition was against the Scotts, the 
 gentlemen of the country sett him forth two troopes, one all of 
 gentlemen, the other of their men, who waited on him into the 
 north at their owne charges. He had indeed, through his greate 
 estate, his liberall hospitality, and constant residence in his countr}^ 
 so endear 'd them to him, that no man was a greater prince then he 
 in all that northerne quarter, till a foolish ambition of glorious slavery 
 carried him to court, where he ran himselfe much in debt, to pur- 
 chase neglects of the king and cjueene, and scornes of the proud 
 courtiers. Next him was the Earle of Kingston, a man of vast 
 estate, and not lesse covetousnesse, who devided his sonns betweene 
 both parties, and conceal'd himselfe, till at length his fate drew him 
 
 ^ This title was at that time in the family of Cavendish, of which this line ceased 
 with the nobleman here mentioned: — that of Devonshire continuing for many gene- 
 rations; and for many more may it continue! to produce the firmest supporters of tlic 
 constitution of their country. 
 
 Q
 
 96 
 
 to declare himselfe absolutely on the king's side, wherein he behav'd 
 himselfe honorably, and died ^emarkabl3^ His eldest sonne " was 
 lord lieftenant of the county, and at that time no nobleman had a 
 greater reputation in the court for learning and generosity then he, 
 Avho was so high of the king's partie, that the parliament was very 
 much incens'd against him. Lord Chesterfield and all his famely 
 Avere highly of the royall party: so was the Lord Chaworth: the 
 Earle of Clare was very often of both parties, and I thinke never 
 advantag'd either. All the popish gentry were wholly for the king, 
 Avhereof one Mr. Golding, next neighbour to Mr. Hutchinson, had 
 bene a private collector of the catholicks' contributions to the Irish 
 rebellion, and for that was by the queene's procurement made a 
 knight and baronett. Sr. John Biron, afterwards Lord Biron, and 
 all his brothers bred up in arms, and valiant men in their owne 
 persons, were all passionately the king's. Sr. John Savill, a man of 
 vast estate, was the like : so were Sr. Gervas Eyre, Sr. John Digby, 
 Sr. Matthew Pulmer, Sr. Thomas Williamson, Sr. Roger CoAvper, Sr. 
 W. Hickman, Sr. Hugh Cartwright, Sr. T. Willoughby, Sr. Thomas 
 Smith, Sr. Thomas BlackAvell, Markham, Perkins, Tevery, Pearce, 
 Palme, Wood, Sanderson, Moore, Mellish, Butler, Avith divers 
 others. — Of the parliament men, Mr. Sutton, afterAvards Lord liCx- 
 ington, and Sr. Gervas Clifton, forsooke the parliament, went to the 
 king, and executed his commission of array. Mr. William Stanhope 
 left the parliament, and came home disaffected to them, Avhose eldest 
 sonne Avas after slaine in the king's service. Mr. William Pierre- 
 pont,^, second sonne of the Earl of Kingston, Avas of the parliament, 
 
 ' Lord Newark, before spoken of. In Collins's Peerage, under the title of Duke of 
 Kingston, there are cited singular proofs of this nobleman's learning. 
 
 ' From this gentleman the late Duke of Kingston and the present Earl of Newark 
 are lineally descended. His wisdom as a politician is sufficiently evinced by this 
 masterly stroke, which decided the fate of the king and the parliament: of his mode- 
 ration Whitelock speaks repeatedly: of his eloquence there are preserved by Rush-
 
 97 
 
 though he serv'd not for his owne country, to which notwithstanding 
 he was an ornament, being one of the Avisest councellors and ex- 
 cellent speakers in the house, and by him was that bill promoted 
 and carried on Avhich past for the continuation of this parliament. 
 He had a younger brother living at Nottingham, who coldly own'd 
 the parliament. Sr. Thomas Hutchinson continued Avith the parlia- 
 ment, was fimie to their cause, but infinitely desirous the difterence 
 might rather have bene composed by accommodation, then ended 
 by conquest; and therefore did not emproove his interest to engage 
 the country in the quarrell, Avliich, if he could have prevented, he 
 Avould not have had come to a warre. He Avas hoAvever clearly on 
 the parliament side, and never discourag'd his tAvo sons, Avho 
 thought this prudentiall tardinesse in their father Avas the declension 
 of that vigour Avhich they deriv'd from him, and Avhich better be- 
 came their youth. It is true they AA'ere the foremost in poynt of 
 time and in degree, except a piece of a nobleman that Avas after 
 drawne in, Avho OAvned the parliament's interest in their country. 
 Mr. Henry Ireton, their cousin, Avas elder then they, and having 
 had an education in the strictest way of godlinesse, and being a very 
 grave and solid person, a man of good learning, greate understand- 
 
 worth some specimens^ from one of which is extracted this as a singular trait of 
 candour and delicacy. " It is pleasing to the nature of man that others should obey 
 " his will, and well-framed dispositions of princes may easily be persuaded their 
 " power is unlimited, when they are also put in mind that they have therefore more 
 " cause to do well, and for doing well are more renowned: for the most oppressive 
 " designs we have suffered under, the pretences to his majesty have been the good of 
 " his subjects: his is the sin, who is to judge by the laws, who knows the laws ai'e to 
 " the contrary, yet puts and confirms such thoughts in his prince. He that incites 
 *' another to arbitrary government usually doth it for self-ends, and when tliey are 
 " compassed, hates him for taking that power he himself persuaded him unto." This 
 will be found an elegant solution of the paradox which appears in the character given 
 by Mrs. Hutchinson of Charles tlie First, " that so good a man should make so bad a 
 " prince."
 
 98 
 
 ing, and other abiilities, to which was ioyn'cl a wilHng and zealous 
 heart to the cause and his country, he was the chiefe promoter of 
 the parhament's interest in the country; but finding it generally dis- 
 affected, all he could doe, when the king approacht it, was to gather 
 a troope of those godly people Avhich the cavalliers drove out, and 
 wilh them he went into my lord of Essex his armie; which he, 
 being a single person, might the better doe: Mr. Hutchinson was 
 not willing so soone to quitt his house, to which he was so lately 
 come, if he could have bene suffered to live quietly in it, but his 
 affections to the parliament being taken notice of, he became an 
 obiect of cnvic to the other part}'. 
 
 Sr. Thomas Hutchinson, a litde before the standard was sett up, 
 was come to Nottingham, where his house Avas, to see his children 
 and refresh himselfe, when, hearing of the king's intentions to come 
 to the towne, he, some days before his comming, M'ent over to Ow- 
 thorpe, his sonn's house, to remaine there till he could fitt himselfe 
 to returne to the parliament. One day, as Mr. Hutchinson was at 
 dinner, the mayor of Nottingham sent him word that the high sheriff^ 
 had broken open the lock of the countrie's ammunition, Avhich was 
 left in his trust, and was about to take it awa3\ ]\Ir. Hutchinson 
 immediately went in all hast to prevent it, but before he came to 
 the towne it was gone, and some of the king's souldicrs were all- 
 ready come to towne, and were plund'ring all the lionest men of 
 their amies. As one of them had taken a muskett, seeing Mr. 
 Hutchinson goe by, he wisht it loaden for his sake, and sayd he 
 hoped the day would shortly come when all such roundheads Avould 
 be faire markes for them. This name of Roundhead comming so 
 opertunely in, I shall make a little digression to tell how it came 
 up. AVhen puritanisme grew into a faction, the zealotts distinguisht 
 themselves, both men and women, by severall affectations of habitt, 
 lookes, and Avords, which, had it bene a reall declension of vanity, 
 and embracing of sobriety in all those things, had bene most com-
 
 99 
 
 mendable in them; but their quick forsaking of those things, when 
 they were where they Avoukl be, shew'd that they either never tooke 
 them up for conscience, or were corrupted by their prosperity to 
 take up those vaine things they durst not practise under persecu- 
 tion. Among other affected habitts few of the puritanes, what 
 degree soever they were of, wore their haire long enough to cover 
 their cares, and the ministers and many others cut it close round 
 their heads, with so many little peakes, as was something ridiculous 
 to behold ; Avhereupon Cleaveland, in his Hue and Crie after them, 
 begins, 
 
 With hayre in Characters and Luggs in Text, &c. 
 
 From this custome of wearing their haires, that name of Roundhead 
 became the scornefuU terme given to the Avhole parliament party; ^ 
 whose army indeed marcht out so, but as if they had bene sent out 
 only till their haire was growne: two or three yeares after any 
 stranger that had scene them, would have enquir'd the reason of 
 that name. It Avas very ill applied to Mr. Hutchinson, who having 
 naturally a very fine thicksett head of haire, kept it clean and hand- 
 some, so that it was a greate ornament to him, allthough the godly 
 of those dayes, when he embrac'd their party, would not allow him 
 to be religious because his hayre Avas not in their cutt, nor his Avords 
 in their phraze, nor such little formallilies altogether fitted to their 
 humor, Avho were, many of them, so Aveake as to esteeme rather 
 for such insignificant circumstances, then for solid Avisdome, piety, 
 and courage, Avhich brought reall ayd and honor to their party: but 
 as Mr. Hutchinson chose not them, but ihe God they serv'd, and 
 the truth and righteousnesse they defended, so did not their Aveake- 
 nesses, censures, ingratitude, and discouraging behaviour, Avith Avhicii 
 he Avas abundantly exercis'd all his life, make him forsake them in 
 any thing Avherein they adher'd to iust and honorable principles or 
 practizes, but Avhen they apostalized from these, none cast them of 
 Avilh greater indignation, how shining soever the profession Avere that
 
 100 
 
 "uilt, not a temple of living grace, but a tomb, which only held the 
 carkase of religion. Instead of digressing, I shall ramble into an 
 inextricable wildernesse, if I pursue this sad remembrance: to returne 
 therefore to his actions at that time. 
 
 • When he found the ponder gone, and saw the souldiers taking 
 up quarters in the towne, and heard their threates and revilings, he 
 Avent to his father's house in the towne, where he had not bene long 
 but an uncivill fellow stept into the house, with a carabine in his 
 hand; Mr. Hutchinson askt what he would have; the man replied, 
 he came to take possession of the house; Mr. Hutchinson told him, 
 he had the possession of it, and would know on what right it was 
 demanded from him; the man sayd, he came to quarter the general 1 
 there; Mr. Hutchinson told him, except his father and mother, and 
 their children, were turn'd out of doores, there was no roonie; the 
 quarter-master, upon this, growing insolent, Mr. Hutchinson thrust 
 him out of the house, and shut the doores upon him. Immediately 
 my lord of Lindsey came himselfe, in a great chafe, and ask'd who 
 it was that denied him quarter? Mr. Hutchinson told him, he that 
 came to take it up for him deserv'd the usage he had, for his un- 
 civill demeanour, and those who had (juarter'd his lordship there 
 had much abus'd him, the house being no wayes fitt to receive a 
 person of liis quallity, which, if he pleas'd to take a view of it, he 
 would soone perceive; Avhereupon my lord, having scene the roomes, 
 was very angry they had made no better provision for him, and 
 would not have layne in the house, but they told him the towne was 
 so full that it was impossible to gett him roome any where elce. 
 Hereupon he told Mr. Hutchinson, if they would only allow him 
 one roome, he would have no more; and Avhen he came upon termes 
 of civillity, Mr. Hutchinson was as civill to him, and my lord only 
 employ 'd one roome, staying there with all civillity to those that 
 Avere in the house. Assoone as my lord was gone, Mr. Hutchinson 
 was inform'd by a friend, that the man he had turn'd out of doores 
 was the quarter-master generall, who, upon his complaint, had pro-
 
 101 
 
 cur'd a warrant to seize his person; whereupon Mr. Hutchinson, 
 Avith his brother, went immccliately home to his owne house at Ow- 
 thorpe. About four or five da^x^s after a troope of cavalhers, under 
 the command of Sr. Lewis Dives, came to Stanton, neere Owthorpe, 
 and searcht ]\Ir. Needham's house, who was a noted puritane in those 
 dayes, and a collonell in the parhament's service, and governor of 
 Leicester: they found not him, for he hid himselfe in the gorse, and 
 so escaped them; his house being lightly plunder'd, they went to 
 Hickling and plunder'd another puritane house there, and were 
 comming to Owthorpe, of Avhich Mr. Hutchinson having notice, 
 went away to Leicestershire; but they, though they had orders to 
 seize Mr. Hutchinson, came not at that time because the night 
 grew on ; but some dayes after he was gone another company came 
 and search'd for him, and for arms and plate, of which finding none, 
 they tooke nothing elce. 
 
 Two dayes after Mr. Hutchinson was in Leicestershire he sent 
 for his Avife, Avho Avas then big Avith child, to come thither to him, 
 Avhere she had not bene a day, but a letter Avas brought him from 
 Nottingham, to give him notice that there was a warrant sent to 
 the sheriife of Leicestershire to seize his person. Upon this he de- 
 termined to go the next day into Northamptonshire, but at five of 
 the clock that evening the sound of their trumpetts told him a 
 troope Avas comming into the towne ; he stay'd not to see them, but 
 Avent out at the other end as they came in, Avho, by a good provi- 
 dence for his Avife, (somcAvhat aflicted to be so left alone in a 
 strange place) proved to be commanded by her OAvne brother, Sr. 
 Allen Apsley, Avho quarter'd in the next house to that Avhere she Avas, 
 till about two or three dayes before all the king's horse that were 
 thereabouts march'd aAvay, being commanded upon some service to 
 go before the rest. 
 
 Mr. Hutchinson, in the meanc time, was carried by a servant 
 that Availed on him to the house of a substantiall honest yeoman,
 
 102 
 
 who was bayliffe to the lord of the towne^ of Kehnaish, in Nortli- 
 araptonshire ; this man and his wife, being godly, gave Mr. Hutch- 
 inson very kind entertainment, and prevailed with him to be ac- 
 quainted with their master, who had iust then made ready plale and 
 horses to goe in to the king, that had now sett up his standard at 
 Nottingham; but Mr. Hutchinson diverted him, and persuaded 
 him and another gentleman of quallity, to carrie in those aydes, 
 they had provided for the king, to ni}' lord generall Essex, who Avas 
 then at Northampton, where Mr. Hutchinson visited him, and could 
 gladly at that time have engag'd with him, but that he did not then 
 find a cleare call from the Lord ; and therefore, intelligence being 
 brought of the king's remoove, he was now returning to his wife, 
 when unawares he came into a towne, where one of Prince Rupert's 
 troopes was, Avhich he narrowly escap'd, and returning to his former 
 honest host, sent a letter to his wife, to acquaint her what hazard he was 
 in, by attempting to come to her, but that assoone as the horse was 
 marcljt away, he would be with her. This letter was intercepted, 
 at Prince Rupert's quarters, and opened and sent her. There was 
 with Prince Rupert, at that time, one Captaine Welch, who having 
 us'd to come to Captaine Apsley, and scene Mrs. Hutchinson with 
 him, made a pretence of civillity to visitt her, that day that all the 
 Prince's horse marcht away. They marcht by the doore of the 
 house where she was, and all the household were gone out to see 
 them, and had left her alone in the house, with Mr. George Hutch- 
 inson, who was in her chamber, when Capt. Welch came in, and 
 she went downe into the parlour to receive him. He taking occa- 
 sion to tell her of her husband's letter, by way of complement, sayd 
 it was a pittie she should have a husband so unworthy of her, as to 
 enter into any faction, which should make him not dare to be scene 
 with her; whereat she being pecck'd, and thinking they were all 
 
 s It is customary, in Nottinghamshire^ to call every village of any size a town.
 
 103 
 
 marcht away, told him he was mistaken, she had not a husband 
 that would at any time hide himselfe from him, or that durst not 
 shew his iace where any honest man durst appeare ; and to confirme 
 3'ou, sayd she, he shall noAv come to you ; with that she call'd 
 downe her brother, Avho, upon a private hint, own'd the name of 
 husband she gave him, and receiv'd a compliment from AVelch, 
 that in any other place he had bene oblig'd to make him a prisoner, 
 but here he Avas in sanctuary ; and so, after some little discourse, 
 went away. When the gentleman of the house and the rest of the 
 famcly, that had bene seeing the march, were rcturn'd, and while 
 they sate laughing together, att those that Avent to see the Prince, 
 telling how some of the neighbouring ladies Avere gpne allong Avith 
 him, and Mrs. Hutchinson telling hoAV she had abused the captaine, 
 Avith Mr. Hutchinson insteed of her husband, the captaine came 
 back, bringing another gentleman Avith him, and told Mr. Hutch- 
 inson, that his horse having lost a shoe, he must be his prisoner, 
 "till the smith releast him ; but they had not sate long, ere a boy 
 came in Avith tAvo pistolls, and Avhisper'd the captaine, Avho desiring 
 Mr. Hutchinson and the gentleman of the house to Avalke into the 
 next roome, seiz'd Mr. George, in the name of Mr. John Hutch- 
 inson. It booted not for them both to endeavour to undeceive him, 
 by telling him Mr. John Avas still at Northampton, for he Avould not, 
 at least Avould seeme not, to believe them, and carried him aAA'ay, 
 to be revcng'd of Mrs. Hutcjiinson, att Avhoni he was vex'd for 
 haA'ing deluded him: soe, full of Avickcd ioy, to have found an in- 
 nocent gentleman, Avhom he knew the bloodhounds Avere after, he 
 went and informed the prince, and made it of such moment, as if 
 they had taken a much more considerable person. The prince had 
 sent back a troope of dragoones to guard him to them, which troope 
 had besett the house and tOAvne, before Welch came in to them the 
 second time, Avhen, notwithstanding all informations of his error, he 
 carried aAvay ISIr. Hutchinson, and pult his sister into affright and 
 
 R
 
 104 
 
 distemper with it; whicli when the weomen about her saw they 
 rail'd at him for his treachery and basenesse, but to no purpose. 
 Assoone as he overtooke the body of horse, with his prisoner, there 
 was a shout from one end to the other of the souldiers. Mr. Hutch- 
 inson, being brought to the prince, told him he was the younger 
 brother, and not the person he sent for, which three or four of the 
 Birons, his cousin gcrmanes, acknowledg'd to be soe, yet Welch 
 outswore them all, that it was Mr. John Hutchinson. The Lord 
 Viscount Grandison, a cousin germane of Mrs. Hutchinson's, was 
 then in the king's armie, to whom she immediately dispatcht a 
 messenger, to entreate him to obliege her, by the procurement of 
 her brother's liberty, who, upon her imprudence, had bene brought 
 into that trouble : my lord sent her word, that, for the present, he 
 could not obteine it, but he would endeavour it afterwards, and in 
 the meane time gave her notice that it was not safe for her husband 
 to returne, there being forty men left to lie close in the country, 
 and watch his comming to her. So Mr. George Hutchinson was 
 carried to Derby, and there, with some difficult}^ his liberty ob- 
 tein'd, by the interposition of my Lord Grandison and the Birons. 
 They would have had him to have given them an engagement, that 
 he would not take arms with the parliament ; but he refus'd, telling 
 them, he liv'd peaceably at home, and should make no engagement 
 to doe anie thing, but what his conscience led him to, that if they 
 pleas'd, they might deteine him, but it would be no advantage 
 to them, nor losse to the other side ; upon which considerations, 
 they were perswaded to lett him goe. Immediately after his release, 
 he went to London to his father, where his elder brother was before 
 him ; for assoone as he understood from his wife what his brother 
 suffer'd in his name, he tooke post to London, to procure his re- 
 lease, and there they both stay'd till they receiv'd assurance, that 
 the king's forces were quite drawne out of the country, and then they 
 together return'd to Leicestershire, where Mrs. Hutchinson, within
 
 105 
 
 a few dayes after her brother was taken, was brought to bed of her 
 eldest daughter, Avhich by reason of the mother's and the nurse's 
 griefes and frights, in those troublesome times, was so Aveake a child 
 that it liv'd not foure yeares, dying afterwards in Nottingham castle. 
 When Mr. Hutchinson came to his Avife, he carried her and her 
 children, and his brother, back againe to his house, about the time 
 that the l^attle Avas fought at Edge Hill. After this the tAvo brothers, 
 going to Nottingham, melt there most of the godly people, Avho 
 liad been diiven away, by the rudenesse of the king's armie, and 
 plunder'd upon the account of godlinesse, Avho were now return d to 
 their famelies, and desireous to liA^e in peace Avith them, but haA^ng, 
 by experience, found they could not doe so, unless the parliament 
 interest Avere maintein'd, they Avere consulting hoAv to rayse some 
 recruites, for the Earle of Essex, to assist in Avhich Mr. Hutchinson 
 had provided his plate and horses ready to send in. 
 
 About this time Sr. John Gell, a Derbyshire gentleman, Avho 
 had bene sheriffe of the. county, at that time, Avhen the illegall tax 
 of ship-mony Avas exacted, and so violent in the prosecution of it, 
 that he sterv'd Sr. John Stanhope's cattle in the pound, and Avould 
 not suffer any one to relieve them there, because that Avorthy gentle- 
 man stood out against that uniust payment, and Avho had by many 
 aggravating circumstances, not only concerning his prosecution of 
 Sr. John Stanhope, but others, soe highly misdemean'd himselfe 
 that he lookt for punishment, from the parliament, to prevent it, 
 very early putt himselfe into their service, and after the king Avas 
 gone out of these countries, prevented the cavalier gentry from 
 seizing the tOAvne of Derby, and fortified it, and rays'd a regiment 
 of foote. These Avere good, stout, fighting men, but the most li- 
 centious ungovernable wretches, that belonged to the parliament. 
 He himselfe, no man knowes for Avhat reason, he chose that side ; 
 for he had not understanding enough to iudge the equity of the 
 cause, nor pietie or holinesse, being a foAvlc adulterer all that time
 
 106 
 
 he serv'd the parliament, and so uniust, tliat, without any remorse, 
 he suffer 'd his men indifferently to plunder, both honest men and 
 cavaliers; so revengefuU, that he persued his mallice'to Sr. John 
 Stanhope, upon the foremention'd account with such barbarisme 
 after his death, that he, pretending to search for arms and plate, 
 came into the church and defac'd his monument that cost six 
 hundred pounds, breaking of the nose and other parts of- it; he 
 digg'd up a garden of flowers, the only delight of his widdow, upon 
 the same pretence ; and thus woo'd that widdoAV, who was by all 
 the world believ'd to be the most prudent and affectionate of 
 womankind, but deluded by his hypocrisies, consented to marry 
 him, and found that was the utmost poynt to which he could carrie 
 his revenge, his future carriage making it apparent, he 'sought her 
 for nothing elce but to destroy the glory of her husband and his 
 house. This man kept the diurnall makers "^ in pension, so that 
 Avhatever was done in the neighbouring counties, against the enemy, 
 was attributed to him ; and thus he hath indirectly purchas'd him- 
 selfe a name in stor}^ which he never merited ; who Avas a very bad 
 man, to summe up all in that word, yet an instrument of service to 
 the parliament in those parts. I thought it necessary to insert this 
 little account of him here, because there will be often occasion to 
 mention him, in my following discourse ; and because, although 
 
 *■ Sir John Gell succeeded so far as to get some of this puffing intelligence intro- 
 duced even into his Memorials by Whitelock ; who, p. 186, talks of an expedition 
 where he killed five of the enemy ! He likewise gives him the honour of taking Shel- 
 ford Manor, at least two years before it was really taken by Colonel Hutchinson. It 
 is very much to be wondered at, that Mrs. Hutchinson no where speaks of»his trial 
 and condemnation for misprision of treason, which Whitelock notes in the year l6jO, 
 during the time of Mr. Hutchinson's being in tiie second council of state. Whitelock 
 does not say what it consisted in, but he was pardoned by the third council, just 
 before Cromwell's usurpation ; and was among those members of parliament who op- 
 posed him boldly.
 
 107 
 
 there never was an}' personall acquaintance betweenc him and 
 Mr. Hutchinson, yet that naturall antipathic which is betweene 
 good and evil, render'd him a very bad neighbour to Mr. Hutch- 
 inson's garrison, and one that, under the name of a friend and as- 
 sistant, spoyl'd our country, as much as our enemies. He indeed 
 gave his men leave to commit all insolencies, without any restreint, 
 whereas Mr. Hutchinson took up amies to defend the country as 
 much as was possible from being a prey to rude souldiers, and did 
 oftentimes preserve it both from his and other rude troopes,' which 
 stirr'd up in him envie, hate, and ill will against his neighbour. He 
 was not wise in ordering the scouts and spies he kept out, and so 
 had the worst intelligence in the world. Mr. Hutchinson,- on the 
 other side, employed ingenuous persons, and was better inform'd of 
 the true state of things, and so, oftentimes communicated those in- 
 formations, to the chiefe commanders, which convinc'd the false- 
 hood of his ; and that was another cause of envie. Some that knew 
 him well, sayd he was not valliant, though his men once held him 
 up, among a stand of pikes, while they obtein'd a glorious victory, 
 when the Earle of Northampton was slaine : certeine it is he was 
 never by his good Avill in a fight, but either by chance or necessity; 
 and that which made his courage the more question'd was, the care 
 he tooke, and the expence he was att, to get it weekely mention'd 
 in the diurnalls, so that when they had nothing elce to renowne him 
 for, they once putt in that the troopes of that valliant commander 
 Sr. John Gell tookc a dragoon with a plush doublett. Mr. Hutch- 
 inson, on the other side, that did well for vertuc's sake, and not for 
 the vaine glory of it, never would give aniething, to buy the flat- 
 teries of those scriblers, and when one of them had once, while he 
 
 ' To the interposition of such men as Colonel Hutchinson we must attribute the 
 proportionably small quantity of mischief that was suffered by this nation, in so long 
 and sharp a civil war as this was.
 
 108 
 
 was ill lowne, made mention of something done at Nottinoham, 
 with falsehood, and given Gell the glory of an action wherein he 
 was not concern'd, Mr. Hutchinson rebuk'd him for it, whereupon 
 the man begg'd his pardon, and told him he would write as much 
 for him, the next weeke: but Mr. Hutchinson told him he scorn'd 
 his mercenary pen, only warn'd him not to dare to lie in any of his 
 concernments, whereupon the fellow was awed, and he had no more 
 abuse of that kind. 
 
 But to turne out of this diorcssion into another, not allooclher 
 impertinent, to the story which I would carrie on. In Nottingham- 
 shire, upon the edge of Derbieshire, there dwelt a man, who was of 
 meane birth and low fortunes, yet had kept company Avith the un- 
 derling gentry of his neighbourhood : this man had the most factious, 
 ambitious, vaincglorious, envious, and mallitious nature that is ima- 
 ginable ; but he was the greatest dissembler, flatterer, traitor, and 
 hipocrite that ever was, and herein had a kind of wicked pollicy, 
 knowing himselfe to be inferiour to all gentlemen, he put on a 
 vizard of godlinesse and humillity, and courted the common people 
 with all plausibillity and flattery that could be practiz'd ; all this 
 while he was addicted to many lusts, especially to that of weomen, 
 but practiz'd them so secretly, that they were not vulgarly taken 
 notice of, though God, to shame him, gave him up to manie a 
 wench out of one of the alehouses he frequented ; but to keepe up 
 a fame of godlinesse, he gave large contributions to puritane 
 preachers, who had the art to stop the people's mouths, from speak- 
 ing ill of their benefactors. By a thousand arts this fellow became 
 popular, and insinuated himselfe so, into all the gentlemen, that 
 own'd the parliament's party, that till he was discover'd some years 
 after, they believ'd him a most true-hearted, faithful!, vigilant, ac- 
 tive man for the godly interest; but he could never climb higher 
 then a presbyterian persecutor, and in the end fell quite of to a 
 declar'd cavalier. In Sr. George Booth's business, tliinking he could
 
 109 
 
 sway the scales of a country, he rays'd a troope, and brought them 
 into Derby, and pubhsht a declaration of his owne for the king, 
 then ranne aAvay to Nottingham, and lost all his troope in the route 
 there, and hid himselfe till the king '' came in, when he was re- 
 warded for his revolt with an office, which he enioy'd not many 
 months, his wife and he, and some of his children, dying all together 
 in a few dayes of a feaver little lesse then the plague. This man, 
 call'd Charles White, att the beginning of the civill warre gott a 
 troope of dragoones, who arm'd and mounted themselves out of de- 
 votion to the parliament's cause, and being of his neighbourhood, 
 marcht forth in his conduct, he having procur'd a commission to be 
 their captaine, and they, having stocks and famelies, were not will- 
 ing to march as farre as the armie, but ioyn'd themselves to those 
 who were allready in arms at Derby. 
 
 After the battle at Edge-hill Sr. John Digby, the high sherifFe 
 of Nottinghamshire, return'd from the king, and had a designe of 
 securing the county against the parliament, whereupon he sent out 
 summons to all the gentlemen resident in the country to mcetc him 
 at Newark. Mr. Hutchinson was at the house of Mr. Francis Pierre- 
 pont, the Earle of Kingston's third sonne, Avhen the letter was de- 
 liver'd him, and another of the same to Mr. Pierrepont, and while 
 they were reading them, and considering what might be the mean- 
 ing of this summons, an honest man, of the sheriffe's neighbourhood, 
 came and gave them notice, that the sheriffe had some designe in 
 agitation, for he had assembled and arm'd about fourscore of his 
 neighbours, to goe out Avith them to Newark, and, as they heard, 
 from thence to Southwell, and from thence to Nottingham, through 
 which towne many arm'd men marcht day and night, to their greate 
 terror. Mr. Hutchinson, upon this intimation, went home, and in- 
 stead of going to meete the sheriffe, sent an excuse, by an intelligent 
 
 ^ By the king is here meant Charles the Second.
 
 110 
 
 person, well acquaiiUed with all ihe country, who had orders to 
 find out their designe; Avhich he did so well, that he assur'd Mr. 
 Hutchinson if he and some others had gone in, they would have 
 bene made prisoners; for the sherifFe came into Newark with a 
 troope of 80 men, with whom he was gone to Southwell, and was 
 to goc the next day to Nottingham, to secure those places for the 
 king. Mr. Hutchinson immediately went with his brother and ac- 
 quainted them at Nottingham with his intelligence, which they had 
 likewise receiv'd from other hands. Although the towne was gene- 
 rally more malignants then well affected, yet they cared not much 
 to have cavalier soldiers quarter Avith them, and therefore agreed 
 to defend themselves against any force which should come against 
 them, and being call'd hastily together, as the exigence requir'd, 
 about seven hundred listed themselves, and chose INIr. George Hutch- 
 inson for their captaine, who having liv'd among them, was very 
 much lov'd and esteem'd by them. The sheriffe hearing this, came 
 not to Nottingham, but those who were now there thus became 
 engaged to prosecute the defence of themselves, the towne, and 
 country, as farre as they could. They were but few, and those not 
 very considerable, and some of them not very hearty; but it pleas'd 
 God here, as in other places, to carry on his worke by weake and 
 unworthy instruments. There were seven aldermen in the towne, 
 and of these only alderman James, then ma^^or, own'd the parlia- 
 ment. He was a very honest, bold man, but had no more but a 
 burgher's discretion; he was yett very well assisted by his Avife, a 
 woman of create zeal and courage, and more understandino- then 
 weomen of her ranke usually have. All the devout people of the 
 towne Avere very vigorous and ready to offer their lives and famelies, 
 but there Avas not halfe the halfe of the towne that consisted of these; 
 the ordinary civill sort of people coldly adher'd to the better, but 
 all the debosht, and such as had liv'd upon the bishops persecuting 
 courts, and bene the lacfjucys of proiectors and monopolizers, and
 
 Ill 
 
 the like, they were all bitterly malignant; yett God awed them, that 
 they could not at that time hinder his people, whom he overruled 
 some of their greatest enemies to assist, such as were one Chadwick 
 and Plumptre, two Avho, at the first, put themselves most forward 
 into the businesse. Plumptre was a doctor of phisick, an inhabi- 
 tant of Nottingham, who had learning, naturall parts, and under- 
 standino- enoui>;h to discerne fcetweene naturall civill rio;hteousnesse 
 and iniustice, but he was a horrible atheist, and had such an intol- 
 lerable pride, that he brook'd no superiours, and having some witt, 
 tooke the boldnesse to exercise it, in the abuse of all the gentlemen 
 wherever he came.' Sr. Thomas Hutchinson first brought him into 
 creditt and practise in the country, it having pleas'd God to make 
 him instrumental! in the cure of Mr. George Hutchinson, who had 
 in vaine tried the skill of the best doctors in England, for an epi- 
 leptick disease, under which he labour'd some yeares. Upon this 
 occasion Sr. Thomas, and Ijoth his sons, gave him much respect, 
 and this cure gave him reputation, and introduc'd him into practise, 
 in all the gentlemen's houses in the country, which he soone lost 
 againe by his most abusive tongue and other ill carriages, and was 
 even gott out of favour with Sr. Thomas Hutchinson himselfc, for 
 some abusive scoffes given out against his lady: but ]\lr. Hutchinson 
 and his brother, in pitty to him, and in remembrance of what God 
 had done through him, still own'd him, and protected him a little 
 against the bitter zealotts, though it was impossible for his dark- 
 nesse and their light long to continue mix'd. This man had sence 
 enough to approove the parliament's cause, in poynt of civill right, 
 
 ' It is said of him, in Thoroton's history of Notts, " he was a person eminent in 
 " his profession, of great note for wit and learning, as he had formerly been for poetry, 
 "■ when he printed a book of epigrams:" a species of composition which the more it 
 pleases the reader, the less it renders the author beloved. This inclination to sport 
 with the feelings of others was not at all likely to recommend him to Mr. Hutchinson, 
 nor make him a good associate in weighty and serious business. 
 
 S
 
 112 
 
 and pride enough to desire to breake the bonds of slavery, whereby 
 the king endeavour'd to chaine up a free people, and upon these 
 scores, appearing high for the parliament's interest, he was admitted 
 into the consultations of those who were then putting the country 
 into a posture of defence."" Chadwick was a fellow of a most prag- 
 maticall temper, and, to say truth, had strangely Avrought himselfe 
 into a station unfitt for him. He was at first a boy that scrap'd 
 trenchers in the house of one of the poorest iustices in the county, 
 but yet such a one as had a greate deale of formallity and under- 
 standing of the statute law, from whom this boy pick'd such ends 
 of law, that he became first the iustice's, then a lawyer's, clearke ; 
 then, I know not how, gott to be a parcell-iudge in Ireland, and 
 came over to his owne country swell'd with the reputation of it, 
 and sett on foote a base, obsolete, arbitrary court there, which the 
 
 ■" Doubtless many adhered to the parliament's side merely on a civil and political 
 account, and these would naturally unite with the independents, as having no inclina- 
 tion to support the pretensions of the presbyterians. It is said by Clarendon that 
 many deists took part with the independents ; and it is not improbable that Dr. Plumptre 
 might have an inclination at least to scepticism, as sarcasm was his talent, and for this 
 by Mrs. Hutchinson, who was a rigorist, he was termed an atheist. 
 
 After the deaths of Colonel Hutchinson and Dr. Plumptre there began a great 
 friendship between their families, which lasted many generations. Charles, the half 
 brother of Colonel Hutchinson, and his successor in his estate at Owthorpe and in the 
 borough of Nottingham, was guardian of Dr. Plumptre's son, and is represented by 
 Thoroton to have executed^iis trust with great fidelity. 
 
 The Editor has in his possession several pieces, in verse and prose, written by the 
 late Dr. Charles Hutchinson in favour of the last Mr. Plumptre, who represented the 
 town of Nottingham, and in vindication of him against a party headed by Langford 
 Collin, Esq. a lineal descendant of Colonel Hutchinson's master gunner, who will be 
 spoken of hereafter: they are all in a jocose or satirical style; but one of them, a short 
 advertisement, which too well described Mr. Collin, was deemed libellous, and cost 
 Dr, Hutchinson 500/. which was well repaid by Mr. Plumptre's obtaining for him a 
 king's living of 330/. per ann. At this time Mr. Plumptre and Mr. Hutchinson's 
 families were of the Whig or Hanover party, Mr. Collin of the Tory or Jacobite.
 
 113 
 
 Conqueror of old had given to one Peverel, his bastard, which this 
 man enlithng my lord Goring unto, executed the office under him, 
 to the greatc abuse of ihe country. At the beginning of the par- 
 liament, they had prosecuted him for it, but that my lord Goring 
 beg'd of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson to spare him, and j^romis'd to lay 
 it downe for ever: so from die beginning of the parliament he exe- 
 cuted not that office, but having an insinuating witt and tongue, 
 procur'd himselfe to be deputy recorder of Nottingham, my lord of 
 Clare being chiefe. When the king was in towne a little before, 
 this man so insinuated into the court that, comming to kisse the 
 king's hand, the king told him he was a very honest man ; yet by 
 flatteries and dissimulations he kept up his creditt with the godl}', 
 cutting his haire, and taking up a forme of godlinesse, the better to 
 deceive. In some of the corrupt times he had purchas'd the honor 
 of a barrister, though he had neither law nor learning, but he had 
 a voluble tongue, and was crafty; and it is allmost incredible that 
 one of his meanc education and poverty should arrive to such things 
 as he reacht: he was very poore, although he got abundance of 
 mony by a thousand cheates, and other base wayes, wherein he 
 exercis'd all his life, for he was as greate a prodigall in spending as 
 knave in oettino- and amons; other villanies, which he secretly 
 practis'd, was a libidinous goate,-for which his wife, the}' say, pay'd 
 him Avith making him a cuckold; ye tt were there not two persons 
 to be found that pretended more sanctity then he and she, who had 
 a tongue no lesse o-laverino- and false then his. This basencsse he 
 had, that all the iust reproaches in the world could not moove him, 
 but he would fawne upon any man that told him of his villanies to 
 his face, even at the very time. Never was a truer Judas, since 
 Iscariott's time, then he, for he would kisse the man he had in his 
 heart to kill; he naturally delighted in mischiefe and treachery, and 
 was so exquisite a villaine, that he destroy 'd those dcsignes he 
 might have thriven l)y, with overlaying them Avith fresh knaveries.
 
 114 
 
 I have bene a little ledious in these descriptions, yet have spoken 
 veryf-little in coK.parison of Avhat the truth would beare; indeed 
 such assistants as these were enough to disgrace the best cause by 
 their owning of it, but the truth of God, being above the testimony 
 of men, could neither receive credit from the good, nor discredit 
 from the worst men: Ijut they were not all such, who first offer'd 
 themselves to carrie on the Lord's worke with him of Avhom wee 
 chiefely treate. There was then dwelling at Nottingham a third 
 Sonne of the Earle of Kingston's, a man of good naturall parts, but 
 not of education according to his quallity, who was in the maine 
 well affected to honest men, and to righteous liberty; a man of a 
 very excellent good nature, and full of love to all men; but that 
 his goodnesse receiv'd a little allay by a vaine-glorious pride, which 
 could not well brooke any other should outstrip him in virtue and 
 estimation." Mr. Francis Thornhagh, the eldest sonne of Sr. Francis 
 Thornhagh, Avas a man of a most upright faithfull heart to God and 
 God's people, and to his countrie's true interest, comprehended in 
 the parliament's cause; a man of greater vallour or more noble 
 daring fought not for them, nor indeed ever drew sword in any 
 cause; he Avas of a most excellent good nature to all men, and 
 zealous for his friend ; he Avanted councell and deliberation, and Avas 
 sometimes too facile to flatterers, but had iudgment enough to dis- 
 cerne his errors Avhen they Avere represented to him, and worth 
 enough not to persist in an iniurious mistake because he had once 
 entertain'd it." Mr. Pigott Avas a very religious, serious, Avise gentle- 
 
 " Mr. Francis Pierrepont, who will frequently be mentioned again in the course 
 of the storjTj when it will be clearly seen that Mrs. Hutchinson here s^aks with can- 
 dour, or rather favour, of him, though he was her husband's opponent. 
 
 ° Colonel Thornhagh is often mentioned by other writers, and always with praise 
 in his military capacity, in which only he was known to the public. Mrs. Hutchinson 
 here delineates with a masterly hand a frank, open, unsuspecting, amiable, soldier. 
 The family of Colonel Thornhagh continued to flourish in the county of Nottingham
 
 115 
 
 man, truc-lieailed lo (Jod and his country, of a generous and 
 liberal nature, and that thought nothing too deare to expose, nor 
 too difficult to undertake, tor his friend; one that delighted not in 
 the ruin of his neighbours, but could endure it, rather then the de- 
 struction of religion, law, and liberty; one that wanted not courage, 
 yet chose rather to venture hiniselfe as a single person then a leader 
 in armes, and to serve his country in councell then in action; there 
 was no man in his nature, and his whole deportment, shew'd him- 
 selfe more a gentleman then he. '' There Avas one Mr. Widmer- 
 poole, a man of good extraction, but reduc'd to a small fortune, 
 had declin'd all the splendor of an old house, and sunke into 
 the way of the middle men of the country; yet had a perfect 
 honest heart to God, his country, and his friend; he had a good 
 discretion, and though he were elder then all the rest, yet Avas 
 so humble, to be content to come in the reare of them all, 
 having through the declining of his famely, the slendernesse of 
 his estate, and the parsimony of his nature, lesse interest in the 
 
 so late as the year 1750^ at which time one of them represented the county; they are 
 believed to be now extinct in the male line, and their possessions to have centered in 
 the family of Hewitt of Shireoaks. 
 
 P Mr. Pigott survived Colonel Hutchinson about five years. He was summoned 
 to parliament by Cromwell, but it is very uncertain whether he condescended to sit 
 or no. Thoroton, in his history of Notts, says of him that " he was a person of grcaf 
 " parts, natural and acquired : he was sheriff of the county in 1669, and died presently 
 " after the summer assizes; at wfiich time being in mourning for his daughter Marj', 
 " wife of Robert, eldest son of Sir Francis Burdett, of Formark, he gave his attendants 
 " black liveries with silver trimmings, which served for his own funeral. His sobriety, 
 " ingenuity, generosity, piety, and other virtues, few of his rank will ever exceed, if 
 " any equall." 
 
 It is thought necessary to take more particular notice of what may appertain to 
 L'eton, Colonel Thornhagh, and Mr. I'igott, because they are the three persons who 
 enjoyed the greatest share in the friendship and esteem of Colonel Hutchinson, and 
 made him a due return.
 
 11(3 
 
 country."' To yoakc with him, there was a very honest man, who 
 could not be reckon'd among the gentry, though he wci'c call'd by 
 the name of Mr. Lomax, he was in the strength and perfection of 
 his age, a stout and an miderstanding man, plain and bhmt, but 
 withall godly, failhfull to his country, and honest to all men. 
 There liv'd att Nottingham, a man call'd Mr. Salusbury, who hacj 
 very good abillilies widi his pen, upon which he was taken in, to 
 be their secretary, but he proov'd ambitious and froward, and being 
 poore, when he was after made treasurer, fell into some temptation; 
 but he carried at first a faire colour of religion and honest3^ These 
 were they, whom Mr. Hutchinson was first mated with, whose cha- 
 racters it Avas necessary thus farre to hint at, for the better carrying 
 on of his story. 
 
 Sr. John Digby having notice that they had prevented him, by 
 getting armes in their hands before, came not to Nottingham, 
 where now they had taken up the sword, it was not safe to lay it 
 downe againe, and hold a naked throatc to their cnemie's whetted 
 knifes. Wherefore, upon the parliament's commission, for settling 
 the militia, sometime before, there having bene three collonells no- 
 minated ; viz. Sr. Francis Thornhagh, Sr. Francis IMolineiix, and 
 Mr. Francis Pierrepont ; they propounded to them, to raise their re- 
 giments. Sr. Francis Molineux altogether dcclin'd, Sr. Francis 
 Thornhagh appoynted his sonnc for his lieftcnant collonell, and he 
 began to rayse a regiment of horse, with whom many of the honest 
 men, that first listed themselves with Mr. George Hutchinson, be- 
 came troopers. Mr. John Hutchinson and his brother were per- 
 suaded to be lieftenant collonell and maior, to Collonell Pierrepont's 
 regiment of foote ; and accordingly Mr. George Hutchinson had 
 
 "i The pedigree of the family of Widmerpoolc in Thoroton, shews him to have 
 been of very ancient and good descent, his ancestor represented the town of Notting- 
 ham in the reign of Edward the Third.
 
 117 
 
 inmicdiatcly a very good standing companie of foole, formed out 
 of those lownesmen, who first came in to list under him. Mr. John 
 Hutchinson had a full companie of very honest godly men, who 
 came for love of him and the cause, out of the country. It Avas six 
 weekes before the collouell would be perswaded to put on a sword, 
 or to list any men, which at length he did, of substantiall honest 
 townsmen, and Mr. Poulton, a nephew of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson, 
 a stout 3'oung gentleman, who liad scene some service abroad, -was 
 his captaine-lieftenant : there were two companies more rays'd, one 
 under Captaine Lomax, and another under one Captaine Scrimp- 
 shire. The first thing these gendemen did, was to call Captaine 
 White with his dragoones, raj^s'd in Nottinghamshire, home to the 
 service of his owne country, for Sr. John Gell, at Derby, had re- 
 ceiv'd from Hull a regiment of grey coates, who were at first sent 
 downe from Loudon, for the assistaace of that place, when the 
 king attempted it. They alsoe sent to the Earle of Essex, to desire 
 that Captaine Ireton, with a troope of horse, which he had carried 
 out of the country, into his excellencies army, might be commanded 
 back, for the present service of his country, 'till it were put into a 
 posture of defence, which accordingl}^ he was, and was maior of the 
 horse regiment. They sent alsoe to the parliament, and receiv'd 
 from them a commission, with instructions, whereby they were im- 
 power'd to leavie forces and to rayse contributions, for the main- 
 taining them, with all authority of seizing delinquents, sequestring, 
 and the like. The conmiittee appoynted were the parliament men 
 that serv'd for the county, Mr. Francis Pierrepont, INIr. John Hutch- 
 inson, Mr. Francis Thornhagh, Mr. Gervas Pigott, Mr. Henry 
 Ireton, Mr. George Hutchinson, Mr. Joseph Widmerpoole, Mr. 
 Gervas Lomax, Dr. Plumtre, the maior of Nottingham, Mr. James 
 Chad wick, and Mr. Thomas Salusbury. Then did neighbouring 
 counties every where associate, for the mutuall assistance of each 
 other ; and the parliament commissionated maior-gencralls, to com-
 
 118 
 
 mand in cliiefc, and give out commissions, to the seveiall com- 
 manders of the regiments. Nottinghamshire was put into the asso- 
 ciation with Leicestershire and other counties, whereof Lord Grey 
 of Grooby, eldest sonne to the Earle of Stamford, was commander 
 in chiefe, and from liim the gentlemen of Nottingham tooke their 
 first commissions. 
 
 The high sheriffe and llie mallignant gentry, finding an oppo- 
 sition they expected not, Avritt a letter to Mr. Francis Pierrepont, 
 and Mr. John Hutchinson, excusing the sheriife's force, that he 
 brought with him, and desiring a meeting with them, to consult for 
 the peace of the country, security of their estates, and such like 
 faire pretences ; which letter was civilly answer'd them againe, and 
 the treaty kept on foote some fourteen dayes, by letters sign'd by 
 the Lord Cliaworth, Sr. Thomas Williamson, Mr. Sutton, Sr. Gervas 
 Eyre, Sr. John Digbie, Sr. Roger Cooper, Mr. Palmer, Mr. John 
 Millinglon : at length a meeting was appoynted, att a village in the 
 country, on the forrest side, where Mr. Sutton should have mett 
 Mr. John Hutchinson. Mr, Hutchinson came to the place, but 
 found not Mr. Sutton there, only the Lord Chaworth came in and 
 call'd for sack, and treated Mr. Hutchinson very kindly ; when 
 Mr. Hutchinson, telling my lord he was come according to appoynt- 
 ment, to conclude the treaty which had bene, betweene Nottinghaip 
 and Newark, my lord told him, he knew nothing of it ; whereupon, 
 Mr. Hutchinson being inform'd, that some of my Lord Newcastle's 
 forces were to be in that towne that night, and that Mr. Sutton was 
 gone to meete them, and conduct them into the country, return'd 
 to Nottinoham, where he receiv'd a kind of lame excuse, from Mr. 
 Sutton for his disappoynting of him, and for their bringing in strange 
 souldiers in to Newark, which they pretended was to save the towne 
 from the plunder of some Lincolneshire forces: but Mr. Hutch- 
 inson, seeing all their treaties were but a snare for him, would no 
 longer amuse himselfe about them ; but being certainly inform'd,
 
 119 
 
 that Henderson who commanded the souldiers at Newark, if he 
 were not hiraselt'e a papist, had many Irish papists in his troopes, 
 he, with the rest of the gentlemen, sent notice, to all the townes 
 about Nottingham, desiring the well-affected to come in to their 
 assistance, which the ministers pressing them to, upon Christmasse 
 day 1642, many came in to them, and stay'd Avith them, 'till they 
 had put themselves in some posture of defence. 
 
 Assoone as these strange souldiers were come into NcAvark, they 
 presently began to block up and fortifie that towne, as on the other 
 side, they att Nottingham began workes about that towne, but 
 neither of them being yet strong enough to assault each other, con- 
 tented themselves to stand upon their owne defence. The Earle of 
 Chesterfield had rays'd some horse for the king, and Avas in the vale 
 of Belvoir Avilh them, where he had plunder'd some houses neere 
 Mr. Hutchinson's; Avhereupon Mr. Hutchinson sent a troope of 
 horse in the night, for they were not strong enough to march in the 
 day, and fetcht away his wife and children to Nottingham. 
 
 The preservation of this towne was a speciall service to the par- 
 liament, being a considerable passe into the north, Avhich, if the 
 enemie had first possest themselves of, the parliament had bene cut 
 of of all intercourse betweene the north and south, especially in the 
 Avinter time, Avhen the river Trent is not fordable, and only to be 
 pass'd over by the bridges of Nottingham and NcAvark, and up 
 higher at a place call'd Wildcn Ferry, Avhere the enemie alsoe had 
 a gaiTison.' The attempting to preserve this place, in the middst of 
 so many potent enemies, Avas a Avorke of no small difficulty, and no- 
 thing but an invincible courage, and a passionate zeale for the 
 
 ' In the place of Wilden Ferry has been substituted in modern days a vciv' beauti- 
 ful bridge, called Cavendish Bridge, with a good and firm road of considerublo length 
 at each end to approach it: it is about midway on the high road between Lougli- 
 borough and Derby. There is near to it a place called Sawley Ferry, little used, and 
 hardly at all practicable in winter. 
 
 T
 
 120 
 
 interest of God and his couniry, could have engag'd Mr.' Hutch- 
 inson, who did not, through youlhfull inconsideration and impro- 
 vidence, want a foresight of those dangers and travailes he then 
 undertook : he knewe Avell enough that the towne was more then 
 halfe disaffected to the parhament, that had they bene all otherwise, 
 they were not halfe enough to defend it against any unequall force, 
 that they Avere farre from the parliament and their armies, and could 
 not expect any timely reliefe or assistance from them, that he him- 
 selfe was the forlorne hope of those who Avere engag'd Avith him, and 
 had then the best stake among them ; that the gentlemen Avho Avere 
 on horseback, Avhen they could no longer defend their country, 
 might at least save their lives, by a handsome retreate to the armie ; 
 but he must stand victorious, or fall, tying himselfe to an inde- 
 fensible tOAvne. Althouo;h his collonell might seeme to be in the 
 same hazard, yet he Avas Avise enough to content himselfe Avilh the 
 name, and leave Mr, Hutchinson to act all things, the glory of 
 which, if they succeeded, he hoped to assume ; if they fail'd, he 
 thought he had a retreate : but Mr. Hutchinson, though he knew 
 all this, yett Avas he so Avell perswaded in his conscience, of the 
 cause, and of God's calling him to undertake the defence of it, that 
 he cast by all other considerations, and cheerefully resign'd up his 
 life, and all other particular interests, to God's dispose, though in 
 all humane probability, he Avas more like to loose then to save 
 them. 
 
 He and his brother AVere so suddenly call'd in to this worke, 
 that they had not time beforehand to consult their father; but they 
 sent to him lo buy their armour and usefull swords, Avhich he did, 
 giving them no discouragement, but promoting all their desires, to 
 the parliament very effectually.' 
 
 ' The reader is desired to bear this in mind, as it tends much to invalidate the cre- 
 dibihty of an assertion made by the stepmother of these gentlemen, which will b 
 
 le
 
 121 
 
 By reason of the coldiiessc of the collonell, ihe affaires of the 
 warre at Nottingham went more tardily on tlien elce they would 
 have done ; but the gentlemen there, thinking it Avould be easier to 
 prevent Newark, from being made a fortitied garrison, then to take 
 it when it was so, sent over to Lineohie and Derby, to propound 
 the business to them. At length it was, about Candlemas, agreed 
 and appoynted that the forces of Nottingham and Derby should 
 come on their side of the towne, and those of Lincolne on the other. 
 All the disaffected gentry of both those counties, were, at that time, 
 gone into NcwarJ\, and one Ballard, a gentleman, who, decay'd in 
 his famely, and owing his education to many of them, had bene 
 bred up in the warres abroad, was commander in chiefe for the par- 
 liament in Lincolneshire. Much ado had the gentlemen of that 
 county to engage him in the designe against Newark; but when he 
 could not divert them, he was resolv'd to cast them away, rather 
 then ruine his old benefactors. He had appoynted the forces of 
 Nottingham and Derby to come to a rendevouz within a mile of 
 Newark upon Saturday, upon which day, all the perswasions the 
 Lincolnshire gentlemen could use, could not prevaile with him to 
 march out, according to appoyntment; which those at NcAvark 
 had notice of, and had prepared an ambuscade to have cutt of all 
 those forces if they had then come to the place ; but by providence 
 of an extraordinary stormie season, they marcht not 'till the next 
 day, and so were preserv'd from that danger, which no doubt was 
 treacherously contriv'd. Assoone as they came, who were about a 
 thousand horse, foote, and dragoones, the Lincolneshire com- 
 manders inform'd our's of the slowth and untoward carriage of Bal- 
 
 noticed in its proper place.- It is said, in a note by Julius Hutchinson, Esq. that 
 Sir Thomas Hutchinson bought his two sons armour, tliough he knew not of their ac- 
 cepting commissions against the king. What was the armour for? Was it to serve the 
 king against the parliament.-'
 
 122 
 
 luid, and told tlicni Iioav that day, he had play'd his ordinance, at 
 a mile's distance from the tOAvne, and how, when the Newark horse 
 came out to face them, upon the Beacon Hill, he would not sutler 
 a man of the Lincolneshire troopes to fall upon them, though the 
 Lincolne horse were many more in number then they, and in all 
 probabillity might have beaten them. The next day, notwithstand- 
 ing Mr. Hutchinson went to him, to give him an account of the 
 forces they had brought, and to receive orders, he could have none, 
 but a carelesse answer to stand at such a side of the towne and fall 
 on as they saw occasion. Accordingly they did, and beate the 
 encmie from their workes, with the losse of only four or five men, 
 and entrencht themselves ; when the night comming on upon them, 
 they provided straw to have lodg'd in their trenches, all the night. 
 On the other side of the towne, Captaine King of Lincolneshire had 
 taken a streete, cut up a chaine, and placed a drake ' in a house ; 
 whereupon the Newark gentlemen were allniost resolv'd to yield up 
 the towne, and some of them began to flie out of it, but Ballard 
 would not suifer the horse to persue them, only one captaine went 
 out without his leave and tooke fifty hoises, and turn d back Mr. 
 Sutton and many others that Avere flying out of the towne. At 
 length, when he could no otherway preserve his olde patrons, but by 
 betraying his friends, he order'd Capt. King to retreate ; whereupon 
 the whole force of Newark fell upon the forces of Nottingham and 
 Derby, in their trenches, Avhere they fought very resolutely, 'till a 
 Lincolneshire trooper came and bade them flie for their lives, for 
 elce they were all lost men. At this two hinidred Ijincolneshire 
 men, whom Ballard with much entreaty had sent to relieve them, 
 first ran away, and then Sr. John Gell's grey coates made their 
 retreate after them ; Maior Hutchinson and Capt. White, all this 
 while, kept their trenches, and commanded their Nottingham men 
 
 ' Drake, a piece of cannon so called.
 
 123 
 
 not to stirre, who accordingly shott there, till all their ponder was 
 spent. The lief'tenant-collonell in ^•aine importun'd Ballard to 
 send them ammunition and reliefe, but could obteine neither, and 
 so they were forc'd, unwillingly, to retreate, which they did in so 
 good order, the men first and then their captaines, that they lost 
 not a man in comming of. The towne was sallying upon them, but 
 they discharged a drake and beate them back. The next day all the 
 Captaines importun'd Ballard they might fall on againe, but he 
 Avould neither consent nor give any reason of his dcniall, so that the 
 Noltingham forces returned with greate dissatisfaction, though Bal- 
 lard, to stop their mouths, gave them two pieces of ordnance. 
 
 It being necessary to carrie on the mainc story, for the better un- 
 derstanding the motion of those lesser wheeles that moov'd within 
 the greate orbe, I shall but name in what posture things Avere 
 abroad in the kingdome, while these afiiiires I relate were transacted 
 at Nottingham. After the retreate from Brainford fight, a treaty 
 Avas ineffectually carried on betweene the king and parliament from 
 the 31st of January 1642, to the 17th of Aprill l643, after which 
 my Lord of Essex marched to Reading, where the king had a gar- 
 rison and besieg'd it. The king's horse came to relieve it, and had 
 an encounter with my lord's armie, wherein many gentlemen of 
 quallity fell on the king's side, the king himsclfe being in a place 
 where he saw them. In a few dayes after Reading was yeilded 
 upon composition to the Earle of Essex, whose souldiers having 
 bene promis'd their pay and a gratuity to spare the j^lunder of the 
 towne, fell into a mutiny upon the failing of the performance, and 
 many of them disbanded. Among those Avho rcmain'd there was a 
 greate mortallily, occasioned by the infected ayre in the towne of 
 Reading ; in so nuich that my lord Avas forc'd to returne and quarter 
 his sick and Aveake armie about Kingston and those townes neere 
 London. And now Avere all the countryes in England noe longer idle 
 spectators, but severall stages, whereon the tragedie of the civill
 
 124 
 
 warre was acted, except the easterne association, where Mr. OHver 
 Cromwell, by his dilhgence, prevented the designes of the royall 
 party, which were so successtull the first yeare in all other places, 
 that the parliament's condition appear'd so desperate, as many of 
 their members, of both houses, ran away to Oxford to the king, 
 and others sate among them conspiring against them. One plott, 
 conducted by Mr. Waller, and carried on among many disaffected 
 persons, in the citie, was neere taking effect, to the utter subversion 
 of the parliament and people ; but that God, by his providence, 
 brought it timely to light, and the authors were condemn'd, and 
 some of them executed ; but Waller, for being more a knave then 
 the rest, and peaching his complices, was permitted to buy his life 
 for ten thousand pounds. This summer all the west was reduc'd by 
 the king, the Earle of Stamford yielding up Exeter, and Collonell 
 Fiennes BristoU. Sr. William Waller had lost all his armie, which 
 had bene victorious in many encounters. The king was master of 
 all or most part of Wales, and the parliament had no armie left in 
 the field, soe that had he taken the opportunity to have gone im- 
 mediately to London, that summer, he had accomplisht his designe: 
 but being denied the towne of Glocester, and taking it in disdaine, 
 that that towne, in the heart of the land, should make a resistance 
 when the greater cities Avere yielded to him, he stopp'd his course 
 to take in that place, Avhere he stay'd to turne the tide of his good 
 fortune, as his generall my Lord of Newcastle did, at the siege of 
 Hull." My Lord Newcastle was generall of the north, and master 
 
 " The impolicy of this measure is more fully noticed and explained, and the cause of 
 it set down by Sir Philip Warwick, in his Memoirs, p. 260. " One or the like councell 
 " in both quarters, north and west, soon blasted the prosperity in each place, for the 
 " king pitcht upon that fatall resolution, recommended to him by Lord Culpeper, of 
 " besieging Glocester, thinking it a good policy not to leave a strong towne behind 
 " liim: but the councell proved fatall, for had the king at that time resolv'd in himself 
 " to have struck at the proud head of London, and had had authority enough at that
 
 125 
 
 of all the strong places, to the very borders of Scotland, and for- 
 midable to all the neighbouring counties. Only the Lord Fairfax, 
 with his Sonne Sr. Thomas, headed all the relio;ious, honest Enohsh- 
 men, they could rayse, in those parts, and Avilh a far inferior force, 
 kept him in play, and in severall skii mishcs came of " conquerors. 
 But as the fortune of the parliament declined, in odier places, so 
 those who had not principles strong enough to hold them fast to a 
 iust, though falling cause, sought early to secure their lives by trea- 
 sons, which destroy 'd them. The Earle of Newcastle's armie was 
 iudg'd to be about eight thousand, horse and foote, my Lord Fair- 
 fax had not above two thousand one hundred foote, and seven 
 troopes of horse. After this there was a greate accession of strength 
 to my Lord Newcastle, by the coming, first of the Lord Goring, 
 with many old commanders ; then of Generall King, with six thou- 
 sand arms, from beyond the seas ; then of the queene herselfe, who, 
 in February 1642, landed neere Sunderland, commmg out of Hol- 
 land, with large provisions of arms, ammunition, and commanders 
 
 "time to have required the Earl of Newcastle to have joined with him; humanely 
 •' speaking, he had raised such contusion among the two houses and the Londoners, 
 " that they had either sent him his own terraes, or if they had fought him most probably 
 " he had been victorious. But the king fixes on Glocester and the Earl of Newcastle 
 " on Hullj upon the advice of his Lieut. General King, who was suspected." 
 
 A few pages further he reckons among the king's misfortunes the Earl of New- 
 castle's too much afTecting independency, which may serve to account for some other 
 matters which will occur ; but it is here natural to observe, that the king having, by 
 separating himself from his parliament, lost his ackowledged and unquestionable au- 
 thority, he retai-ned only a very precarious one over the different chiefs of his party : 
 which, on many occasions, turned to the disadvantage of his cause. After all, it is 
 noway certain that his march to London would have been so effectual and so little op- 
 posed, as it is here taken for granted it would have been. 
 
 " In fact, the resistance so long maintained, and frequently with such success, by 
 Lord Fairfax and his sons against so superior a force, has been always thought next to 
 miraculous, and marked out SirThomas as the fittest man in the kingdom to command 
 the forces and fix the fortunes of the parliament.
 
 12() 
 
 of note, with wliicli she was convoy'd, by the Earle of Newcastle, 
 to Yorke, and thither came to her the Earle of Montrossc, out of 
 Scotland, ^y\[h a hundred and twenty horse: then Sr. Hugh Cholnily, 
 governor of Scarborough, revolted from the parliament, whereof he 
 was a member, and came to the queene, with three hundred men. 
 Browne Bushell alsoe, who was left in charge with the towne, 
 yielded it up. Then had the queene's practises wrought so upon 
 the two Hothams, that their treason was not all together undis- 
 cerned ; but my Lord Fairfax, having only strong presumptions, 
 and no power to secure them, while they had the' strong tOAvne of 
 Hull in their hands, it was all he could doe to be vigilant and silent, 
 till God should give opcrtunity to secure that great danger. My 
 Lord of Newcastle had given the papists in the north commissions 
 to arme in the king's defence,'' and now the queene was preparing 
 to march up, with the assistance she had gotten to the king. Those 
 countries through which she was to passe, could not but be sensible 
 of their danger, especially the gentlemen at Nottingham, Avho were 
 but a few young men, environn'd with garrisons of the enemie, and 
 scarcely firme among themselves, and hopelesse of reliefe from 
 above, where the parliament, strugling for life, had not leii^ure to 
 bind up a cutt-finger. But God was with them in these difficulties, 
 and gave an unexpected issue. 
 
 The Earle of Kingston a few months stood neuter, and would 
 not declare himselfe of either party, and being a man of greate 
 wealth and dependancies, many people hung in suspence, by his 
 example; whereupon the gentlemen of Nottingham often spoke to 
 
 y The king pretended never to do this himself; but the Earl of Newcastle did it, 
 as most people would in his place, and avowed it as became him. Sir Philip Warwick 
 recites a witticism of his on the occasion of his going to see him at the siege of Hull, 
 where liis men being very badly entrenched, he said to Sir l^hilip, who remarked it, 
 " You hear us often called the Popish Army, but you see we trust not in our good 
 " works."
 
 127 
 
 his Sonne, to perswade his father to declare himselfe; but he told 
 them, he knew his father's atfections were firme to the parliament, 
 that he had encourag'd him to ioin with them, and promis'd him 
 money to carrie it on, and such like things, which he continually 
 assur'd them, till the collonell's cold behaviour, and some other 
 passages, made them at length, those at least who were firme to the 
 cause, iealous both of the father and the sonne. Hereupon when 
 the danger grcAv more eminent, and my lord lay out a brave prey 
 to the enemie, they sent Captaine Lomax, one of the committee, 
 to understand his aft'ections from himselfe, and to presse him to de- 
 clare for the parliament, in that so needfull season. My lord pro- 
 fessing himselfe to him rather desirous of peace, and fully resolv'd 
 not to act on either side, made a serious imprecation on himselfe in 
 these words: " When," said he, " I take amies with the king against 
 " the parliament, or with the parliament against the king, let a 
 " cannon bullet devide me betweene them;" which God was pleased 
 to bring to passe a few months after: for he going into Gainsbo- 
 rough, and there taking up armes for the king, was surpriz'd by 
 my lord Willoughby, and, after a handsome defence of himselfe, 
 yielded, and was put prisoner into a pinnace, and sent downe the 
 river to Hull, when my lord Newcastle's armie marching allong the 
 shore, shot at the pinnace, and being in danger, the Earle of King- 
 ston went up upon the decks to shew himselfe, and to prevaile with 
 them to forbearc shooting,^ but assoone as he appear'd a cannon 
 bullett flew from the king's armie and devided him in the middle, 
 being then in the parliament's pinnace, Avho perished according to 
 his owne unhappie imprecation. His declaring himselfe for the 
 king, as it enforced the royall, so it weak'ned the other party. 
 
 ^ This is a most singular story, and no doubt peculiarly gratifying to a fatalist to 
 recite; it is however assuredly true, being mentioned by several historians, witii only 
 the difference of his being said to be under, instead of on, the deck ; the latter of which 
 is far the most probable. 
 
 U
 
 us 
 
 St. Richard Biion was come to be governor of Newark. A house 
 of my lord Chaworlh's in the vale was fortified, and some horse putt 
 into it, and another house of the Earle of Chesterfield's, both of them 
 within a i'cw miles of Nottingham.' Ashby de la Zouch, within 
 eight miles of Nottingham, on the other side, was kept by Mr. 
 Hastings. On the forrest side of the country, the Earle of New- 
 castle's house Imd a garrison in it, and another castle of his, within 
 a mile, was garrison'd. Sr. Roger Cooper's house, at Thurgaton, was 
 alsoe kept; so that Nottingham, thus beleaguer'd with enemies, 
 seem'd very unlikely to be able either to resist the enemie or sup- 
 port itselfe.'' Therefore the gentlemen, upon the newes of my lord 
 Newcastle's intended approach that way, sent up Mr. John Hutch- 
 inson to acquaint the parliament with their condition, who so ne- 
 gotiated their businesse that he procur'd an order for Coll. Cromwell, 
 Coll. Hubbard, my lord Grey, and Sr. John Gell, to unite their 
 forces, and rendevouz at Nottingham, to prevent the queene from 
 joining with the king, and to guard those parts against the cavaliers. 
 Accordingl}^ in the Whitsun holidays 1643, they all came, and the 
 younger Hotham alsoe brought some more rude troopes out of York- 
 shire, and ioin'd himsell'e to them. The forces now united at Notting- 
 ham Avere about five or six thousand, my loi-d Grey being their 
 commander in chiefe. Upon the urgency of the gentlemen at Not- 
 tingham, he drew them out against Wiverton-house in the vale, but 
 upon a groundlesse apprehension quitted it, Avhcn they might in all 
 probabilliiy have taken it, and retreated to Nottingham, where, two 
 or three days after, the enemie's horse faced them, but they would 
 not be prevailed with to goe out, though they were not inferior to 
 them. Young Hotham, at that time, earned on a private treaty 
 
 * Wiverton-house and Shelfoid manor. 
 
 '' Tn a letter to the king, the queen writes from Newark that " all the force tlic 
 " parliament had in tliose parts was only one thousand men in Nottingham."
 
 129 
 
 with the queene, and every day receiv'd and sent irumpetts, of 
 which he would give no account. Then Avas Nottingham more 
 sadly distrest by their friends then by their enemies; for Hotham's 
 and Cell's men not only lay upon free quarter, as all the rest did, 
 but made such havock and plunder of friend and foe, that 'twas a 
 sad thing for any one that had a generous heart to behold it. When 
 the committee offered Hotham to assigne him quarters for his men, 
 because they were better acquainted with the country, he would 
 tell them he was no stranger in any English ground. He had a 
 greate deale of wicked witt, and would make sport with the miseries 
 of the poore country, and, having treason in his heart, licens'd his 
 souldiers, Avhicli were the scumme of mankind, to all villanies in 
 the country that might make their partie odious. Mr. Hutchinson 
 was much vext to see the country wasted, and that little part of it, 
 which they could only hope to have contribution from, eaten up by 
 a company of men Avho, insteed of relieving them, devour'd them, 
 and Hotham's souldici's, having taken away goods from some honest 
 men, he went to him to desire restitution of them, and that he Avould 
 restreine his souldiers from plunder; whereupon Hotham replied, 
 " he fought for liberty, and expected it in all things." Replies fol- 
 low'd, and they grew to high language; Hotham bidding him, if he 
 found himselfe griev'd, to complaine to the parliament. Mr. Hutch- 
 inson was passionately concern'd, and this being in the open field, 
 Coll. Cromwell, who had likewise had greate provocations from him, 
 beo;an to shew himselfe affected Avith the countrie's iniuries, and the 
 idle Avast of such a considerable force, through the unexperience of 
 the chiefe commander, and the disobedience and irregularities of 
 the others; so they, at that time, being equally zealous for the pub- 
 lick service, advis'd together to seeke a remedie, and dispatcht aAvay 
 a post to London, Avho had no greater ioy in the Avorld then such 
 employments as tended to the displacing of greate persons, Avhether 
 they deserv'd it or not; him they sent away immediately from the
 
 130 
 
 place, to informe the parliament of Hotham's carriages, and the 
 strong presumptions they had of his treachery, and the ill manage- 
 ment of their forces. This they two did, without the privity of any 
 of the other gentlemen or commanders, some of which were little 
 lesse suspected themselves, and others, as my lord Grey, through 
 credulous good nature, too greate a favourer of Hotham. The mes- 
 senger was verv dillig-ent in his charoe, and return'd assoone as it 
 was possible with a committment of Hotham, who accordingly was 
 tlien made prisoner in Nottingham-castle, and Sr. John Meldrum 
 Avas sent downe to be connnander in chiefe of all those united 
 forces. When they marcht away, a troope of my lord Grey's having 
 the charge of guarding Hotham, towards London, suifer'd him to 
 escape, and thereby putt the towne of Hull into a greate hazard; 
 but that the father and sonne were there unexpectedly surprizd, 
 sent up prisoners to London, and after some time executed. Those 
 who knew the opinion Cromwell after had of Mr. Hutchinson, be- 
 liev'd he registred this businesse in his mind as long as he liv'd, and 
 made it his care to prevent him from being in any power or capacity 
 to pursue him to the same punishment, when he deserv'd it; but 
 from that time, growing into more intimate acquaintance with him, 
 he allwayes us'd to professe the most hearty affections to him, and 
 the greatest delight in his plainnesse and open-heartednesse that was 
 imaginable." 
 
 ■= Those who consider and represent Cromwell as a prodigy not only of treachery, 
 design, ambition, and artifice, but likewise of sagacity and foreknowledge, will deem 
 this a proof of his having thus early conceived his scheme of aggrandizement; but to 
 those who are better satisfied with the probable than the marvellous it will seem to 
 prove no such thing; they must well know that if he had so soon any great views, 
 they must have been very distant and indistinct; they will find here only the first of a 
 long series of instances, wherein will be seen the quick and clear discernmeni, the 
 strong and well-poised jiulgment, the promptitude and firmness of decision, which 
 enabled him to seize and convert to his advantage every opportunity that presented 
 itself, and even the actions^ thoughts, and inclinations, of other men; and they will
 
 131 
 
 Assoone as Sr. John Meldrum came downe to liis charge at 
 Nottingham the qucene's forces came and faced the towne, where- 
 upon the cannon discharging upon them, the Duke of Vendosme's 
 Sonne and some few others were slaine. The parhament horse 
 drew out of Nottingham to receive the queene's, but they came not 
 on, after tliis execution of the cannon, for in the meane time the 
 queene Avas passing by, and although the parhament horse pursued 
 them, yet would not they engage, for it was not their businesse; so 
 when they saw they had lost their designe, the horse return'd againe 
 to Nottingham, where the foote had stay'd all the Avhile they Avere 
 out. When the Earle of Kinoston declar'd himselfe for the king 
 he rays'd Avhat forces he could and went into Gainsborough, a towne 
 in Lincolneshire, scituate upon the river of Trent. There, before 
 he was fortified, my lord Willoughby, of Parham, surpriz'd the 
 towne and all his souldiers, Avho disputed it as long as they could, 
 but being conquer'd, Averc forc'd to yield, and the earle himselfe 
 retreated into the strongest house, Avhich he kept till it was all on 
 flame round him, and then giving himselfe up only to my lord 
 Willoughby, he Avas immcdialely sent prisoner to Hull, and shott 
 
 see united to these such a command over his own thoughts and passions as permitted 
 exactly so much, and no more of them than was convenient, to appear: these qua- 
 lities, though less astonishing than the prescience and almost the power of creating 
 events, which is attributed to him, would and did equally well answer the purpose of 
 his progression ; which he effected in such a manner as to fill with the greatest pro- 
 priety all the intermediate situations through which he passed, to take as it were a 
 firm footing at each gradation, and to arrive at the pinnacle of power without having 
 once xun any considerable risk of an overthrow in his career. Such rational observers, 
 will likewise see here, what will in the sequel still more strikingly appear, that if he 
 must be called a traitor, he was not of that paltry treachery which sacrifices a man's 
 party to self; he was steadily bent on procuring the triumph of his own party over 
 their opiiouciits, but too covetous of commanding his party himself. It may be thought 
 there wanted but little, perhaps only the survivance of Ireton, to have made Cromwell 
 intrinsically as well as splendidly great.
 
 132 
 
 according to his owne imprecation. Immediately pari of my lord 
 Newcastle's armie, with all that Newark could make, besieg'd my 
 lord Willoughby in Gainsborough, and Generall Essex sent a com- 
 mand to Sr. John Meldrum to drawe all the horse and foote he could 
 out of Nottingham, to relieve ray lord, leaving only a garrison in 
 the casile of Nottingham. Sr. John Meldrum call'd the committee 
 of Nottingham together, to consult Avhat was to be done for the 
 settlement of the place, which upon deliberation he had iudg'd not 
 fitt to leave in the hands it was, nor in Coll. Pierrepont's, who, with 
 some ' apparence, lay under suspition at that time; and therefore 
 conceivino- Mr. Hutchinson the most able to manaoe, and the most 
 responsible for it, both Sr. John and the whole committee order'd 
 him to take the castle into his charge, which, though there were 
 many causes why he should decline, yet believing that God hereby 
 call'd him to the defence of his country, and Avould protect him in 
 all the dangers and dithculties he led him into, he accepted it, and 
 the 29 of June, l643, receiv'd an order for that government from 
 Sr. John Meldrum and the whole committee; whereunto Collonell 
 Pierrepont subscrib'd, tliough Avith a secret discontent in his heart, 
 not for any ill opinion or ill affection he had to Mr. Hutchinson's 
 person, but for that he resented it as a greate affront that himselfe 
 was past by. It is true that this discontent produc'd some envious 
 and malitious practises, secretly in him, against Mr. Hutchinson, 
 who in the end overcame him, with so many good offices, in re- 
 quitall of his bad ones, that he lived and died full of love, and 
 acknowledoment of kindnesse to him. 
 
 The castle was built upon a rock, and nature had made it ca- 
 pable of very strong fortification, but the buildings Avere very ruinous 
 and unhabitable, neither affording roome to lodge souldiers nor 
 provisions. The castle stands at one end of the toAvne upon such 
 an eminence as connnands the chiefe streetes of the toAvne. There 
 had bene enlargements made to this castle after the first building
 
 \ 
 
 \:
 
 133 
 
 of it/ There was a strong tower, which they call'cl the old tower, 
 built upon the top of" all the rock, and this was that place where 
 Queene Isabell, the mother of King Edward the Third, was sur- 
 priz'd with her paramour Mortimer, who by secret windings and 
 holloAvs in the rock came up into her chamber from the meadows 
 lying low under it, through which there ranne a litlle rivolelt, call'd 
 the Line, almost under the castle rock. At the entrance of this 
 rock there was a spring, Avhich was call'd Mortimer's Well, and the 
 caverne Mortimer's Hole: the ascent to the top is very high, and 
 not without some wonder at the top of all the rock there is a 
 spring of Avater; in the -midway to the top of this tOAver there is 
 a little piece of the rock, on Avhich a do\'e-coate had bene built, 
 but the governor tooke doAvne the roofe of it, and made it a plat- 
 foniie for two or three pieces of ordinance, Avhich commanded some 
 streetes and all the meadowes better then the higher tOAver; under 
 that toAver, Avhich Avas the old castle, there Avas a larger castle, Avhere 
 there had bene severall tOAvers and many noble roomes, but the 
 most of them Avere downe ; the yard of that Avas pretty large, and 
 Avithout the gate there Avas a very large yard that had bene Avall'd, 
 but the Avails Avere all doAvne, only it was scituated upon an ascent 
 of the rock, and so stood a pretty heighth above the streetes; and 
 there Avas the ruins of an old paire of gates, Avith turrets on each 
 side. 
 
 Before the castle, the towne Avas on one side of a close, Avhich 
 commanded the fields approaching the tOAAme; which close the go- 
 vernor afterAvards made a platforme ; behind it Avas a place call'd 
 the Park, that belong'd to the castle, but then had neither tleere nor 
 trees in it, except one, growing under the castle, Avhich was almost 
 
 '' Though this description be a good and a just one, it may nevertheless be accept- 
 able to many readers to see a perspective view of the castle and towrvof Nottingham, 
 which will enable them to judge of the strength and importance of the latter.
 
 134 
 
 a prodigee, for from the root to the top, there was not one streight 
 twig or branch of it ; some say'd it Avas planted by King Richard 
 the Third, and resembled him that sett it. On the other side the 
 castle, was the little river of Line, and beyond that, large flatt mea- 
 dowes, bounded by the river of Trent. In the whole rock there were 
 many large caverns, Avhere a greate magazine and many hundred 
 souldiers might have bene dispos'd, if they had bene cleans'd and 
 prepar'd for it, and might have bene kept secure from any danger 
 of hring the magazines by any moiter-pieces shott against the castle. 
 In one of these places, it is reported, that one David, a Scotch 
 king, was kept in cruell durance, and with his nayles, had scratcht 
 on the wall the story of Christ and his twelve apostles. The castle 
 Avas not flanker'd, and there was no workes about it, when Mr. 
 Hutchinson undertooke it, but only a little brestworke, before the 
 outmost gate. It Avas as ill provided, as fortified, there being but 
 ten barrclls of ponder, eleven hundred and fifty pounds of butter, 
 and as much cheese, eleven quarter of bread corne, seven beeves, 
 two hundred and fourteen flitches of bacon, five hundred and sixty 
 fishes, and fifteen hogsheads of beere. Assoone as the governor 
 receiv'd his charge, he made proclamation in the towne, that Avhat- 
 soever honest persons desir'd to secure themselves or their goods in 
 the castle, should have reception there, if they would repaire their 
 quarters, Avhich divers Avell aftccted men accepting, it was presently 
 made capable of receiving 400 men commodiously. 
 
 In the beginning of July l643, Sr. John Meldrum, Avith all the 
 force that quarter'd in Nottingham, marcht forth to the reliefe of 
 Gainsborough, leaving the tOAvne to be guarded by few more then 
 the very townsmen. There had bene large workes made about it, 
 Avhich would have rcquir'd at least three thousand men to man them 
 and defend them well, and upon these Avorkes there Avere about 
 fourteen gunns, Avhich the governor, Avhen the forces Avere marching 
 aAvay, before they Avent, drew up to the castle, Avhereupon the

 
 If* ^ 
 OD 
 
 townsmen, especially those that were ill-affected to the parliament, 
 made a greate mutiny, threat'ning they Avould pull the castle doA\ ne, 
 but they would have their ordinance againe, upon their workes, and 
 wishing it on fire and not one stone upon another. Hereupon the 
 governor sent Alderman Drury, with 14 more, that were heads ot" 
 this mutiny, prisoners to Derby, Avhither Maior Ireton convoy'd 
 them with his troope. The reasons which made the governor carry 
 the ordinance from the towneworkes up into the castle were, 1st. 
 that, the towne, being so ill affected, the ordinance remaining in it, 
 would but be an invitation to the enemie, to come to take them 
 away, and a booty for them if they should. 2dly. He had often 
 visited the guards, and found them expos'd much by their carelesse- 
 nesse, Avherefore he thought it his duty to preserve them, by soul- 
 diers more under his command, odly. Intelligence was brought to 
 the committee, by a friend, then with the Earle of Newcastle, that 
 Mr. Francis PieiTcpont kept intelligence with his mother the Coun- 
 tesse of Kingston, carrying on a designe for betraying of the towne 
 to the earle, and that letters were carried betweene them by a 
 woman, who often came to towne to the collonell, and that two 
 aldermen and a chiefe oflScer, employ 'd about the ordinance, were 
 confederates in the plott, whereupon a suspected cannoneer was 
 secur'd, M'ho, assoone as he obtain'd his liberty, ranne away to 
 Newark. 4thly, When the towne was full of troopes, there had 
 bene severall attempts to poyson and bctrey them, which if it should 
 againe be attempted, after the most of the forces were gone, might 
 prove effectuall. othly, The maine reason was, that if the towne 
 should be surpriz'd or betrey'd, (which -was then most to be fear'd), 
 the ordinance would be uselesse ; if any considerable force came 
 against the towne, it was impossible then to keepe the workes against 
 them, with so few men, and it would be difficult, at such a time, 
 to drawe of the artillery; if any force they were able to deale with 
 
 X
 
 136 
 
 came, it would then be time enough, after the alarum was given, to 
 draw them to the workes, unlesse they were surpriz'd. 
 
 It was not only the towne mallignants, that murmur'd at the 
 drawing up of the ordinance, but Dr. Plumlre, hearing that the 
 forces were to march away, Avas raging att it, whereupon being 
 answer'd, that it was for the more publick interest of the cause, in 
 greate passion he replied, " What is the cause to me if my goods be 
 " lost ?" The governor told him, he might jirevent that hazard and 
 secure them in the castle. He replied, " It pittied him to soyle 
 " them, and he liad rather the enemie had them, then they should 
 " be spoyl'd in remooving." While this was boyling upon his 
 spiritt, he mett the governor, with some other gentlemen, in the 
 streete, and began to rayle at him for countenancing the godly 
 townsmen, whom he call'd a company of puritanicall prick-ear'd 
 rascalls, and say'd, the worst of the mallignants, the governor had 
 sent out of the towne, were honester men then the best of those he 
 favour'd, and in spight of his teeth he would have three of the most 
 eminent of ihem, turn'd out of the castle : the governor telling him, 
 he would maintaine them as the most faithfull friends to the cause, 
 Plumlre replied he was as honest to the cause as the governor. 
 " No," say'd the governor (who was not ignorant of his atheism), 
 " that you cannot be, for you goe not upon the same principles," 
 The doctor told him, it was false, with such uncivill insolence, that 
 the oovernor struck him, at which he departed quietly home ; and 
 and after two or three dayes, relir'd with his Avife and children to the 
 house of Mr. Parkyns of Bunney, who Avas at that time in arms 
 against the parliament, where he stay'd till ihc parliament forces 
 were routed, and Nottingham castle sumraon'd and preparing for a 
 siege, and then he sent a ridiculous challenge to the governor, Avith 
 all the foolish circumstances imaginable, Avhich the governor, at 
 that present, only answer'd Avith contempt : the pretence he made.
 
 137 
 
 was a distressc, wherein the committee had employ 'd some of the 
 governor's souldiers, for the leavying of an assessment, which his 
 brother would not pay, and this distresse he call'd the governor's 
 affront to his famely. Though these passages may seeme too imper- 
 tinent here, yet they having bene grounds and beginnings of iniu- 
 rious prosecutions, whercAvith the governor was after much exercis'd, 
 it was not altogether unnecessary to insert them, since even these 
 little things, were linkes in the chaine of providences which measur'd 
 out his life/ 
 
 All the horse that had bene rays'd in Nottinghamshire, marcht 
 away with Sr. John Meldrum, which were Collonell Thornhaugh, 
 Maior Ireton, Captaine White, and Captaine Farmer's troopes ; 
 who, together with Captaine Lomax and Captaine Schrimpshire's 
 foote companies, ioyning with Collonell Cromwell's men, marcht to 
 Gainsborough, and engag'd those that besieg'd it, and were victo- 
 rious, killing their generall Sr. Charles Cavendish, with many more 
 commanders, and some hundreds of souldiers, and this was oppor- 
 tunely done, while my Lord Newcastle Avas hastning to come over 
 the Avater and io3'ne with them, avIio, by a bridge of boates, past all 
 his army over, and came neere Gainsborough, iust in a season to 
 behold the rout of all his men. The parliament's forces expected he 
 would have fallen upon them, and drew up in a body and faced 
 him, but he advanced not, so they contented themselves to relieve 
 Gainsborough, and made a very honorable retrcatc to Lincolne; 
 but Gainsborough not being fortified, nor provided; this reliefe did 
 not much advantage them, tor my Lord NcAvcastle againe besieg'd 
 it, which was render'd to him, after eight dayes, upon honorable 
 conditions, for the defendants, though they were not perform 'd by 
 
 ^ To some readers the recital of these bickerings and intrigues may seem little in- 
 teresting, to others highly so; certain it is, that whoever refuses to read tlieni, refuses 
 to acquaint liimself with the temper of those times, which they characterize in the 
 most peculiar niantier.
 
 138 
 
 the besiegers, for all my Lord Willoughbie's men were disarm'd, 
 contrary to articles/ and with them, some of the Nottingham soul- 
 diers, that had gone into the towne, to refresh themselves, and so 
 were shut up with them, when my lord lay'd siege to it ; the rest had 
 gone to Lincolne. They had behaved themselves very well in the 
 fight, where Captaine White receiv'd a wound in his hand in the 
 forlorne hope ; Collonell Thornhagh, who had fought very gallantly, 
 was taken prisoner, and after he Avas stripp'd of his arms and coate, 
 a maior of the enemie's, whom the collonell had slightly wounded 
 in the fervor of the fight, came and basely wounded the collonell, 
 being disarm'd, so that he left him for dead ; but by the good pro- 
 vidence of God, that wound which the enemie intended to give him 
 death, gave him liberty ; for comming to himselfe a little after his 
 hurt, he crept to one of his owne tenant's houses, and there had his 
 wounds bound up, and found meanes to gett to Lincolne, from 
 whence all the forces that went from Nottingham disperst into dif- 
 ferent services. Maior Ireton quite left Collonell Thornhagh's regi- 
 ment, and began an inseparable league with Collonell Cromwell, 
 whose Sonne in law he after was. None of them could returne to 
 Nottingham, by reason of my Lord Newcastle's army, winch lay 
 between them and home. 
 
 And now it was time for them at Nottingham to expect my 
 Lord Newcastle, which the governor made provision for, with all 
 the dilligence, that it was possible, under so many difficulties and 
 obstacles, which would to any one elce have bene discouragements; 
 but he had so high a resolution, that nothing conqucr'd it. The 
 townsmen, through discontent at the drawing out of the forces, 
 whereby their houses, famelies, and estates, were expos'd, began to 
 envie, then to hate the castle, as griev'd that aniething should be 
 preserv'd when all could not; and indeed those who were more con- 
 
 f Particularly noticed by Whitelock.
 
 139 
 
 cern'd in private interests then in the cause ilselfe, had some reason, 
 because the neighbourhood of the castle, when it was too weake to 
 defend them, would endanger them. In this hale and discontent, 
 all the souldiers being townsmen, except some of the governor's 
 owne company, they resolv'd they would not goe into the castle, to 
 behold the mine of their houses ; little considering that when the 
 governor came first into Nottingham to defend them, at their ear- 
 nest desire, he left a house and a considerable estate, to the mercy 
 of the enemie, rather desiring to advance the cause then to secure 
 his owne stake ; but their meane and halfe-aftected hearts were not 
 capable of such things. The governor perceiving this defection, 
 sett some of the most zealous honest men, to find out how many 
 there were in the towne, who neglecting all private interests would 
 cheerefully and freely come in and venture all with him, intending, 
 if he could not have found enough to defend the place, that he 
 would have sent to other neighbouring garrisons to have borrow'd 
 some. Upon this inquiry, it was found that many of Collonell Pierre- 
 pont's owne company Avere desireous to come in, but first wisht to 
 know their collonell's resolution, how he would dispose of them ; 
 whereupon a hall was call'd, and the danger of the place declar'd to 
 the whole towne, that the}^ might liavc time to provide for their 
 goods and persons before the enemie came upon them. The collo- 
 nell being present, his companie asked him what he would advise 
 them to do ; to whom his answer was, " You have but three wayes 
 " to- choose, either leave the towne and secure yourselves in some 
 " other parliament garrisons, or list into the castle,^ or stand on the 
 " workes and have your throates cut." Two or three dayes after 
 
 s The particular account which has hcfore been spoken of, has in this place a little 
 difference of expression, which yet perhaps signifies much. There Col. I'ierrepont 
 says, " List into the castle with John, for soe in a iesting way he us'd to call Coll. 
 " Hutchinson," alluding no doubt to his frank and downright mode of speaking and 
 acting.
 
 140 
 
 this he went to his mother's, and carried his children with part of 
 his goods, and sent his wife to Sr. Gervas Chfton's house. Notwith- 
 standing this pubhck resolution in the Hall to his companie, he told 
 them, and many others in private, that he preferr'd the interest of 
 the towne above that of his life, and would expose his life for the 
 good of it, and stand on the Avorkes of the towne as long as they 
 could be defended, and when they could no longer be kept, would 
 retire to some other parliament garrison. Others he told he scorn d 
 his colours should serve in the castle ; that if his companie went up 
 thither, he would gett him a new one, which should follow him 
 wherever he went, and many more such things in private ; but 
 openly, both to the governor and others, approv'd and encourag'd 
 their going into the castle. According to his advice, the townsmen, 
 as they were divcrsly affected, dispos'd of themselves, the mallig- 
 nants all lay'd downe their arms and stay'd in the towne, some 
 honest and well-affected, but not bold enough to stand the hazard, 
 went to other parliament garrisons and serv'd there ; others secured 
 themselves, their goods and famclies, in the country; some listed 
 into the castle ; one Alderman Nix, captaine of two hundred, gave 
 up his commission, his men all disbanded, except about 40, who 
 came into the castle and fdl'd up the broken companies there. At 
 length, out of all the four companies and the whole towne, about 
 300 men listed into the castle. 
 
 The governor had procured 40 barrells of ponder, and two thou- 
 sand weight of match from London, and had increased the store of 
 provision, as much as the present poverty of their condition would 
 permitt him. Then the conmiittce of Nottingham, so many of them 
 as were remaining in the towne, and all the ministers of the parlia- 
 inent's party there, came up to the castle, and, with the officers of 
 the garrison, eate at the governor's, to very greate charge, consi- 
 dering that he was so farre from receiving pay at that lime, that all 
 the mony he could procure of his ownc crcdilt, or lake up with
 
 141 
 
 others, he was forc'd to dispend, for the several necessities of the 
 souldiers and garrison ; yett were the souldiers then, and a long time 
 after, kept together as long as they could live, Avithout any pay, 
 and after pay'd part in victualls, and the rest run on in arrears." 
 
 The townsmen who came into the castle, dispos'd their famclies 
 into severall villages, in the countr}^ and at length a trumpett was 
 sent, for a safe conduct, for a gentleman, from my Lord Newcastle, 
 and having it Maior Cartwright came from him, with a summons 
 for the delivery of the towne and castle, to which the committee for 
 the towne, and the governor, for the castle, return'd a civill de- 
 fiance in wTiting, about the tenth day of August. Cartwright, 
 having receiv'd it, and being treated with wine by the governor and 
 the rest of the officers, grew bold in the exercise of an abusive witt 
 he had, and told both Mr. Hutchinsons, they were sprightly 3'oung 
 men, but when my lord should come with his armie, he should 
 find them in other termes, beseeching my lord to spare them, as 
 misled young men, and suffer them to march awa}'^ with a cudgel), 
 and " then," say'd he, " shall I stand behind my lord's chaire and 
 " lausfh." At which the governor being angrie, told him he was 
 much mistaken, for he scorn'd ever to yield on any terms, to a pa- 
 pisticall armie led by an atheisticall generall.' Mr. George Hutch- 
 
 '■ In all the histories of those times we read so much of the soldiers complaints for 
 want of pay, and so much of auditing their officers' accounts, as, being no way recon- 
 cileable to modern practice^ makes one suppose the officers fraudulent, the soldiers 
 mutinous; but this opinion will be corrected by observing what is here recited. Hence 
 we shall likewise conceive a high idea of the virtue of those men, who started forth 
 out of every rank of life to devote themselves to the service of God and their country, 
 and persevered through such privations and difficulties, and consider their interference 
 in the settling the con>titution of their country, for which they had fought^ in a far dif- 
 ferent light from the tumult and mutiny of mercenary soldiers. 
 
 i Charles the First, when accused of retaining papists, denied having any in his 
 army, and tried to have it believed liiat those which the Earl of Newcastle had enlisted 
 •were unknown to him^ although there is ample proof that it was done by his order:
 
 142 
 
 iiison told hiiii, " If my lord would ha\ e tliat poore castle, he must 
 " wade to it in blood." Which words they say he told his gencrall. 
 After these summons were receiv'd, the governor drew all his soul- 
 diers into the castle, and committed the guard of the towne to the 
 aldermen, who were to sett guards of fifty in a nigiit, according to 
 their wards. Then callino- tooether his souldiers, he once ag-aine 
 represented to them their condition, and told them, that being reli- 
 gious and honest men, he could be assured no extremity would 
 make them faile, in what they found themselves strong enough to 
 imdertake, and therefore he should not feare to lett them freely un- 
 derstand their danger, which yet they had power to shunne, and 
 therefore whatever miserie might be the issue of their undertaking, 
 they could not iustly impute it to him, it being their owne election ; 
 for after this summons they must expect the cnemie, and to be re- 
 duc'd to the utmost extremity by them, that thought could reach : 
 it must not moove them to see their houses flaming, and, if need 
 Avere, themselves firing of them, for the publique advantage, to see 
 the peices of their famelies, cruelly abus'd and consum'd before 
 them ; they must resolve upon hard dutie, fierce assaults, poore and 
 sparing diet, perhaps famine, and want of all comfortable accom- 
 modations ; nor was there very apparent hope of reliefe at last, but 
 more then common hazard of loosing their lives, either in defence 
 of their fort, or with the place ; which, for want of good fortifica- 
 tions, and through disadvantao;e of a- neiohbourinti' mount and 
 building, was not, in humane probability, tenable against such an 
 armie as threatened it: all which, for his owne part, he was resolv'd 
 on, and if any of them found his courage failing, he only dcsir'd 
 
 that nobleman acted in u much more ingenuous manner, and, as is before related in a 
 quotation from Sir P. NA'arwick's Memoirs, turned the imputation into a jest ; pro- 
 bably his indifference about the religion of his soldiers caused the epithet of. Atheistical, 
 to be applied to him, certainly without suflScient reason.
 
 143 
 
 tliej would provide for iheir safety, in time, elcewhere, and not pre- 
 iudice him and the publick interest so highly, as they would doe, to 
 take upon them the defence of the castle, except they could be con- 
 tent to lay downe their lives and all their interests in it.'' The soul- 
 diers were none of them terrified at the dangers which threat'ned 
 their undertaking; but at the latter end of August, tooke, upon the 
 solemne fast day, the nationall covenant, and besides it, a parti- 
 cular, mutuall covenant, betweene them and the governor, to be 
 faithful! to each other, and to hold out the place to the death, 
 without entertaining any parlee, or accepting any tei'mes from the 
 enemie : and this the governor was forc'd to doe, to confirme them, 
 for he had his exercise, not only by the ungodly and ill-aftected,, 
 but even the godly themselves, who thought it scarce possible for 
 any one to continue a gentleman, and firme to a godly interest, and 
 therefore repay 'd all his vigilancy and labours for them with a very 
 uniust iealousie.' The governor of Newark was his cousin germane, 
 to whom he was forc'd, against his nature, to be more uncivill then 
 to any other that were governors in that place. Whither it were 
 that the dissention of brethren is allwayes most spitefully persued, 
 or that Sr. Richard Biron, as 'twas reported, sutfer'd under the same 
 suspitions on his side, it is true they were to each other the most 
 uncivill enemies that can be imagined. After this summons, my 
 Lord Newcastle came not, according to their bravadoes, but di- 
 verted his armic to Hull, to besiege my Lord Fairfax there ; they of 
 Newark having gotten him to send this summons, upon confidence, 
 
 ^ Sola salus victis nullam sperare salutem. Virgil. 
 Despair of life the means of safety shows. Dryden. 
 
 ' It passes for a saying of Charles the Second, that the presbyterian might be a 
 very good religion, but it was not the religion of a gentleman; these good folks seem 
 to have been of the same mind. The French have taken care not to fall short in imi- 
 tating this malicious prejudice, but stamped with the hated name of Aristocrat every 
 person at all elevated above the vulgar, though ever so generous a friend of liberty. 
 
 y
 
 144 
 
 knowing the condition of the place, that it would have bene yeilded 
 to a peice of paper. The governor immediately sett upon the forti- 
 fication of his castle, made a worke behinde it, another to the Line 
 side, turn'd the Dove Coate into a plalforme, and made a court of 
 guard in Mortimer's Hole. 
 
 At this time Sr. Thomas Hutchinson died at London,"" and gave 
 all his personall estate, and all that Avas unsettled at IV^r. Hutch- 
 inson's marriage, to his second wife and her children ; att which his 
 two sonns had not the least repining thought, but out of tender love, 
 Avere very nmch aflicted for his loss, and procured a passe from 
 Newark for Mr. George Hutchinson, to goe to London, to visit his 
 mother and fetch mournings, Avhich accordingly he did ; and upon 
 a letter the conmiittee sent up by him, brought downe an order of 
 parliament to allow a table to the governor and committee, whom 
 Mr. Hutchinson had till that time entertain'd at his owne cost, with 
 all the officers of the garrison and the ministers, which were no 
 small charge to him, Avho had a noble heart, and could not basely 
 evade the expence, Avhich that place necessarily drcAv upon him, 
 not only by the constant entertainement of the committee, officers, 
 and ministers, and all pariiament officers, that came and Avent 
 through the ganison, but by the relieving of the poore souldiers, 
 Avho had such short pay, that they Avere, for the most part, thirty 
 Aveekes and more behind ; and Avhen they marcht out at any time, 
 the governor Avould not stiffer them to take a cup of drink, unpay'd 
 foi", in the country, but all way es, Avherever they tooke any refresh- 
 ment in their marches, pay'd it himselfe. He besides gave them 
 much from his owne house, especially Avhen any of them Avere sick 
 or Avounded, and lent monies to those that Averc most necessitous. 
 All this runnc him into a greate private debt, besides many thou- 
 
 "" August 18, 1643, as appeared by liis tombstone, undtr the communion table in 
 St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London, and that he was 55 when he died. J. H. 
 A marginal note written by Julius Hutchinson, grand-father of the Editor.
 
 145 
 
 sands of pounds, which he engaged himselfc in with other gentle- 
 men, taken up for the supplie of the garrison and carrying on of 
 the pubhck service. AlUhough the allowance of his table were 
 much envied, by those meane fellows, that never knew what the 
 expence of a table was, and although it was to him some ease, yet 
 did it not defray the third part of his expence in the service, being 
 but ten pounds a weeke allow'd by the state, and his expences all 
 that time, only in the publick service, and not at all in any parti- 
 cular of his owne famely, being, as it Avas kept upon account, 
 above fifteen hundred pounds a yeare. Assoone as his father was 
 dead, and rents became due to him, the enemies, in the middst of 
 whom his estate lay, fetcht in his tenants and imprison'd them, and 
 tooke his rents ; his estate was begg'd and promis'd by the king ; 
 those who liv'd not upon the place, flung up his grounds, and they 
 lay unoccupied, while the enemy prevail'd in the country. He was 
 not so cruell as others were to their tenants, who made them pay 
 over againe, those rents which the enemie forc'd them to redeeme 
 themselves out of prison with all, but lost the most part of his rents,' 
 all the while the country was under the adverse power ; he had 
 some small stock of his OAvne plundered, and his house, by the per- 
 petuall haunting of the enemie, defac'd and for want of inhabitation 
 render'd allmost uninhabitable. For these things he had some sub- 
 scriptions," but never receiv'd any pennie recompense, and his ar- 
 rears of pay, Avhich he receiv'd after all the warre was done, did 
 not halfe pay the debts those services contracted. But when he 
 undcrtooke this enoaoement, it was for the defence of his countrie's 
 and God's cause, and he ofter'd himselfe and all he had a willino- 
 sacrifice in the service, and rather prays'd God for what was sav'd, 
 then repin'd at what was spent, it being above his expectation, that 
 
 " By subscriptions is here meant acknowledgments or certificates given by the com- 
 mittees, which parUament professed to make goodj but many times did not.
 
 146 
 
 deliverance which God gave him out of his enemies hands. He 
 might have made many advantages by the spoyle of his enemies, 
 which was often brought in, and by other encroachments upon the 
 country, Avhich aUmost all the governors, on both sides, exacted 
 everywhere elce, but his heart abhorr'd it: all prize the souldiers 
 had, and he never shar'd it; all mallignanls goods, the committee 
 dispos'd of, and it ever griev'd his heart, to see the spoyle of his 
 neighbours, how iustly soever they deserv'd it; but he chose all 
 losse, rather then to make up himselfe," by violence and repine. 
 If in a iudiciall wa}', he were forc'd att any time, in discharge of 
 his trust, to signe any harsh orders, against any of the gentlemen of 
 the country, it was with griefe that they should deserve that seve- 
 rity, but this testimony is a truth of him, that in his whole actings 
 in this cause, he never prosecuted any private lust, cither of re- 
 venge, ambition, avarice, or vaine glory, under a publick vizard, 
 but was most truly publick spirited. Conscience to God, and 
 truth and righteousnesse, according to the best information he could 
 gett, engag'd him in that party he tooke ; that which engag'd him, 
 carried him through all along, though he encount'red with no 
 less difficulties and contradictions, from those of his owne party, 
 that were not of the same spiritt he was, then from his enemies. 
 
 The death of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson made every way a greate 
 reverse in the affaires of his eldest sonne, who had before bene 
 look'd upon as his father's heire, and reverenc'd as much, or rather 
 more, upon his father's score, then his owne, so that no man durst 
 attempt to iniurc him, whom they look'd upon under such a power- 
 full protection. Sr. Thomas and his fathers before him had ever 
 deserv'd very well of their country, and, as lovers of their country, 
 their neighbours had an implicite faith in all their dictates and 
 actions, insomuch that Sr. Thomas Hutchinson's single authority 
 
 " Make himself up, make himself whole, reimburse himself.
 
 147 
 
 sway'd willi many, more then all Lhe greater names of the country. 
 But he at his death having devided, all things consider'd, his estate 
 betweene lhe children of his two wives, though it be true the latter 
 deserv'd more then they had, yett it is as true the first deserv'd not 
 to be so nmch lessen'd as they were, and Mr. Hutchinson having 
 bene knowne to be the most pious and obedient sonne, from his 
 childhood, that ever any father was blest in, when it came to be 
 knowne that his father had given away all that was in his power to 
 give from him, those that had a greate reverence and esteeme for 
 Sr. Thomas would not believe him so defective in iustice, to doe 
 this without some secret cause, and therefore it was given out that 
 he was displeased with his son's engagement, and for that cause 
 dispos'd away so much of his estate from them, but that was not 
 soe. Indeed at the time of his death the parliament's interest was 
 so low that he might well looke upon them as lost persons, and so 
 what he gave away to the unengaged infant he might Avell looke 
 upon as all that could be preserv'd. Mr. Hutchinson had only an 
 allowance from his father, while he lived, which was duely pay'd 
 him, but assoone as he died all his estate Avas seiz'd by the enemie; 
 who had so much desire not to iniure publickly a person so popular, 
 that they disturbed not Sr. Thomas his tenants while he lived, though 
 he continued with the parliament, and faithfull to their interest, 
 because he was moderate, and one that applied all his endeavours 
 to peace, which he did not out of pollicie, but out of conscience to 
 his country, and a wise foresight of the sad consequences of a con- 
 quest by either side; for he hath often exprest, that accommodation 
 was farre more desireable then warr, and he dreaded that the spiritts 
 of those men would become most insolent after conquest who were 
 so violently bent to prosecute a warre ; that some of them, whom we 
 have since knowne to be vile apostates, then profest they abhorr'd 
 accommodation. This report of Sr. Thomas his dislike of his son's 
 engagement was rays'd and disperst by those who themselves were
 
 148 
 
 ill-affected to it, but however it abated all the respects men had foi' 
 him, upon any account but his owne. Tliose who had entertain'd 
 a secret envie of him, now feard not to manifest it, and began to 
 worke secret mines, to blow him up on all sides; but God was with 
 him, and disappointed all his enemies, and made his vertues more 
 illustrious by the oppositions they encountered with, and the re- 
 moovall of all those props of wealth and power which are necessary 
 to hold up weaker fabricks.'' 
 
 P Here is in the original a marginal note in the following words: " The division of 
 " Sir Thomas Hutchinson's estate." Sir Thomas Hutchinson being mightil}' belov'd in 
 " the country, and a moderate man, using all his endeavours for peace, his estate was 
 " never plunder'd in his lifetime; and though it is here falsely insinuated that he ap- 
 " proved of his son's conduct in taking armes against the king, 'tis most true that he 
 " was extremely afflicted at it, being altogether for peace, and condemned such rash 
 "■ councelis as armes on both sides; and the miserys he saw his king and country in- 
 " volved in were certainly the occasion of his death : and though Sir T. Hutchinson 
 " sat longer in the house than many honest men, it was only in hopes by his moderate 
 " councelis to eflect a happy peace between his king and countrj\ All this I have 
 " heard attested by his lady and relict, my grandmother. Teste J. Hutchinson." 
 This is that testimony of Lady Katharine Hutchinson which was spoken of in the 
 preface, and whicli, in attempting to impeach the veracity of the author in a single 
 point, contributes largely to corroborate it in all. In the very instance before us there 
 seems much more reason for the opinion of Mrs. Hutchinson than of Lady Katharine: 
 Sir Thomas Hutchinson had before been imprisoned for his opposition to the court; 
 was in this parliament on all committees for the reform of religion; sat with the par- 
 liament after the war was deeply engaged; sent his sons arms, and promoted their 
 desires to the parliament: it is incredible that he should have any great objection to 
 the part they took, other than the general one of regretting that arms were taken on 
 either side. The most probable thing is that this lady, being of the same party and 
 opinion as her brother and family, and jealous of Sir Thomas Hutchinson's ciiildren 
 by his former wife, influenced him to their disadvantage in the making of his will, 
 and set up these reasons to countenance it after his death. The other estates of Sir 
 Thomas Hutchinson in Notts were fully equal, if not superior, in value to that of Ow- 
 thorpe. — This being the only instance wherein the truth of the narrative is called in 
 question, and this certainly invidiously, if not unjustly, we may safely say wc have the 
 testimony of an adversary in our favour to all the rest.
 
 149 
 
 Soone after the death of his father, one Mr. Ayscough, a gen- 
 tleman of the country, allied to Sr. Richard, since Lord Biron, then 
 governor of Newark, came to the governor of Nottingham, and told 
 him that Sr. Richard Biron, out of that tender naturall affection 
 which he ever had for him, and still preserved, desir'd him now to 
 consider his wife and children, and the losse of his whole estate, 
 which was so inevitable, if he persisted in the engagement he was 
 in, that some had already bene suing to the Earle of Newcastle for 
 it; but if he would returne to his obedience to the king, he might 
 not only preserve his estate, but have what reward he pleas'd to 
 propound for so doing: to which the governor telling him, this was 
 a thing he ought to scorne, Mr. Ayscough told him that Sr. Richard 
 had', only out of love and tender compassion to him, given him 
 this employment, with many protestations how nuich Sr. Richard 
 desir'd to employ all his interest to save him, if it were possible, 
 and therefore beg'd of him that if he would still persist in this party, 
 that he would yet quitt himselfe of this garrison, and goe into my 
 lord of Essex his arniie, for there, he said, Sr. Richard Avould find 
 pretence to save his rents for liiin for the present, and his estate 
 for the future; for, sayd he, he can plead, " you were an incon- 
 " siderate young man, rashly engaged, and dares assure himselfe to 
 " beg your pardon; but to keepe a castle against your king is a 
 " rebellion of so high a nature, that there will be no colour left to 
 " aske favour for you." The governor told him he should deliver 
 the same propositions, and receive his answer, before some wit- 
 nesses; whereupon he carried the gentleman to two of the com- 
 mittee, before whom he repeated his message, and the governor 
 bade him returne Sr. Richard answer, " that. except he found his 
 " owne heart prone to such treachery, he might consider there was, 
 " if nothing elce, so much of a Biron's blood in him, that he should 
 " very much scorne to betrey or quilt a trust he had undertaken; 
 " but the grounds he went on were such, that he very much der
 
 150 
 
 " spised such a thought as to sell his faith for base rewards or 
 " feares, and therefore could not consider the losse of his estate, 
 " which his Avife was as willing to part with as hiniselfe, in this 
 " cause, wherein he was resolv'd to persist, in the same place, in 
 " which it had pleased God to call him ■• to the defence of it." 
 
 About this time a woman was taken, whereof the committee had 
 before bene inform'd, that she carried intelligence betweene Coll. 
 Pierrepont and his mother, the countesse of Kingston. The woman 
 was now going through Nottingham, with letters from the old 
 countesse to her daughter-in-law, the collonell's wife, who was then 
 at Clifton, Sr. Gervas Clifton's house. In this pacquet there was a 
 letter drawne, which the countesse adviz'd her daughter to signe, 
 to be sent to Coll. Stanton, one of the king's collonells, to entreate 
 back from him some goods of her husband's, which he had plun- 
 der'd; wherein there were these expressions: " that though her 
 " husband was unfortunately engag'd in the unhappie rebelhon, she 
 " hoped ere long he would approve himselfe a loyall subiect to his 
 " maiesty." The committee having read these letters, seal'd them 
 up againe, and enclosed them in another to the collonell, then at 
 Derby, telling him that having intercepted such letters, and not 
 knowing whether his wife might follow her mother's advice, which 
 if she should, would proove very dishonorable to him, they had 
 chosen rather to send the letters to him then to her. The collonell 
 was vext that they had open'd them, but for the present tooke no 
 notice of it. All the horse having bene drawne out of Nottingham 
 to the reliefe of Gainsborough, and the Newarkers, knowing that 
 
 1 Notice is taken by Whitelock of several attempts to prevail on Colonel Hutch- 
 inson to betray his trust, and of his steady adherence to it: there will be seen other 
 instances more remarkable than this; but here are two things extremely well worth 
 notice; this elegant and forcible apostrophe to Sir Richard Byron; and the patriotic 
 and disinterested devotion of Mrs. Hutchinson to the cause, at least a rare example 
 in her sex. i
 
 151 
 
 the garrison was utterly destitute, plunder'd all the country, even 
 to the walls of Nottingham; upon which some godly men ofFer'd 
 themselves to bring in their horses,, and forme a troope for the de- 
 fence of the country, and one Mr. Palmer, a minister, had a com- 
 mission to be their captaine/ This man had a bold, ready, earnest 
 way of preaching, and liv'd holily and regularly, as to outward con- 
 versation, whereby he gott a greate reputation among the o-odly, 
 and this reputation swell'd his spiritt, whicji was very vaine-glorious, 
 covetous, contentious, and ambitious: he had insinuated himselfe 
 so as to make these godly men desire him for their captaine, which 
 he had more vehement longing after then they, yett would have it 
 believ'd that it was rather prest upon him, then he prest into it; 
 and therefore being at that time in the castle with his famely, and 
 feeding at the governor's table, who gave him roome in his owne 
 lodgings, and all immaginable respect, he came to the governor 
 and his wife, telling them that these honest people prest him very 
 much to be their captaine, and desiring their friendly and christian 
 advice, whether he should accept or refuse it. They freely told him 
 that having enter'd into a charge of another kind, they thought it 
 not fitt to engage in this, and that he might as much advance the 
 publique service and satisfie the men in marching with them in the 
 nature of a chaplaine, as in that of a captaine. He that ask'd not 
 councell, to take any contrary to his first resolve, Avent away con- 
 fus'd, when he found he was not adviz'd as he would have bene, and 
 sayd he would endeavour to persuade them to be content; and 
 after sayd, they would not be otherwise satisfied, and so he was 
 forct to accept the commission. The governor having only declar'd 
 his owne iudgment when he Avas askt, as a Christian ought to doe, 
 according to his conscience, left the captaine to act accordino- 
 to his owne, and censur'd him not, but entertained him with the 
 
 ' This, if not unique, is at least a singular trait. ^^ 
 
 Z
 
 152 
 
 same freedom and kindnesse he had done before; but the man, 
 being guilty ' of the avarice and ambition of his owne heart, never 
 after that h)okt upon the governor with a cleare eie, but sought to 
 blow up all factions against him, whenever he found oppertunity, 
 and in the meane time dissembled it as well as he could. x\nd now 
 before his troope was well rays'd, Coll. Thornhagh being recover'd, 
 brought back his troope from Lincolne, and both the troopes quar- 
 ter'd in the towne, which being a baite to invite the enemie, the 
 governor gave charge to all that bclong'd to the castle, being about 
 three hundred men, that they should not upon any pretence what- 
 ever be out of their quarters; but they having, many of them, wives 
 and better accommodations in the towne, by stealth disobeyed his 
 commands, and seldom left any more in the castle then what were 
 upon the guard. 
 
 The townsmen were every night sett upon the guard of the 
 towne, according to the Avai'ds of the aldermen, but the most of 
 them being disaifected, the governor, fearing treachery, had-deter- 
 min'd to cjuarter the horse in those lanes which were next to the 
 castle, and to block up the lanes for the better securing them. 
 Just the night before these lanes should have bene blockt up, Al- 
 derman Toplady, a greate mallignant, having the watch, the enemie 
 was, by treachery, lett into the towne, and no alarum given to the 
 castle; though there were two musketts at the gate where they 
 entered, both of them were surrender'd, without one shott to give 
 notice, and all the horse, and about two parts of the castle souldiers, 
 betrey'd, surpriz'd, and seiz'd on in their beds, but there were not 
 above fourscore of the castle foote taken; the rest hid themselves, 
 and privately stole away, some into the country, some by night 
 came up to the castle and gott in, in disguizes, by the river side; 
 but the cavaliers were possesst of the towne, and no notice at all 
 
 ' Guilty ; Latin, sibi conscius, conscious of.
 
 153 
 
 given to the caslle. When, at the healing of reveille, some of tlie 
 souldiers, that had bene on the walch all night, Avere going downe 
 into the towne to refresh themselves, they were no sooner out of the 
 castle gates but some of the enemie's musketeers discharg'd upon 
 them, and they hasting back, gott in with such care tliat the enemy 
 Avas })revented of their designe of falling in with them. They 
 brought a strong alarum into the castle, where the governor coming 
 forth, was exceedingly vext to find that his men were, so many of 
 them, contrary to his command, wanting in their quarters; but it 
 was no time to be angrie, but to applie himselfe to doe what was 
 possible to preserve the place; wherefore he immediately dispatcht 
 messengers, by a private sally-port, to Leicester and Derby, to 
 desire their assistance, either to come and helpe beate the enemie 
 out of the towne, or to lend him some foote to helpe keepe the 
 castle, in which there was but fourscore men, and never a lieftenant 
 nor any head officer but his brother, nor so much as a surgeon 
 among them. Assoone as the governor had dispatcht his messengers 
 he went up to the towers, and from thence play'd his ordinance 
 into the towne, which seldome fail'd of execution upon the enemie; 
 but there was an old church, call'd St. Nicholas Church, whose 
 steeple so commanded the platforme that the men could not play 
 the ordinance without woolpacks before them. From this church 
 the bullets play'd so thick into the outward castle yard, that they 
 could not passe from one gate to the other, nor relieve the guards, 
 but with very greate hazard ; and one weake old man was shot the 
 first day, who, for want of a surgeon, bled to death before they could 
 carry him up to the governor's wife, who at that time supplied that 
 want as well as she could ; but at night the governor and his men 
 dug a trench betweene the two gates, through which they afterwai'ds 
 better secur'd their passage. In the meanc time the cavalliers that 
 came from Newark, being about six hundred, fell to ransack and 
 plunder all the honest men's houses in the towne, and the cavalliers
 
 154 
 
 of the towne, who had call'd them in, helpt them in this wovke. 
 Their prisoners they at first put into the sheep pens in the market 
 place,' Avhere an honest townsman seeing four or five commanders 
 goe into his owne house, procur'd a cunning boy that came by him, 
 while the enemie regarded more their plunder then the prisoners, 
 to runne privately up to the castle and give them notice, who sent 
 a cannon bullett presently into the house. The cavaliers call'd in 
 all the country assoone as they were in the towne, and made a fort 
 at the Trent bridges, and thither they carried downe all their con- 
 siderable plunder and prisoners. The next day after Sr. Richard 
 Biron had surpriz'd the towne, Mr. Hastings, since made lord of 
 Loughborough, then governor of Ashby de la Zouch, came with a 
 body of about four hundred men, but being displeased that the 
 plunder was begun before he came, he returned againe and left 
 the Newark gentlemen to themselves, who, as they made a fort at 
 the bridges, threw downe the half moones and bulvvarkes that had 
 bene rays'd about the towne. They stayd five dayes, but very un- 
 quietly, for the cannon and muskets from the castle fail'd not of 
 execution dayly upon many of them, and they durst not in all that 
 time goe to bed. The third day Maior Cartwright sent a letter, de- 
 siring the governor or his brother to come and meete him in St. 
 Nicholas Church, and promis'd them safe passage and returne; but 
 the governor read the letter to his souldiers, and commanded a red 
 flag to be sett upon the tower, to bid them defiance, and shott three 
 pieces of cannon at the steeple, in answer to his desired parlee. 
 
 Five dayes the enemie stay'd in the towne, and all that time the 
 governor and his souldiers, none of them were off from the guard, 
 but if they slept, which they never did in the night, it was by them 
 that watcht. At length on Saturday, September the twenty-third, 
 
 ' It appears by Deering's account of Nottingliain that these once occupied a con- 
 sklerable portion of the market place.
 
 155 
 
 in the afternoone, the governor saw a greate many goods and per- 
 sons going over the Line bridge, and not knowing what it meant, 
 sent some cannon bullets after them, when on the other side of the 
 towne he discern'd a body of men, whom he knew not at first, whe- 
 ther friends or foes, but having at that time about eightscore men 
 in the castle, for in that five dayes space fourscore were come in 
 by stealth, he caus'd them all to be drawne out in the castle yard, 
 and perceiving that those he last saw were friends, he sent out his 
 brother, Maior Hutchinson, with all the musketeers that could be 
 spared, to helpe drive the enemie out of the towne. They having 
 effected what they came for, in fortifying the bridges, had nothing 
 more to doe but to gett safe of, which they endeavour'd with more 
 hast and disorder then became good and stout souldiers. When 
 Maior Hutchinson came into the towne with his men, they greedie 
 of knowing what was become of their Avives and houses, dropt so 
 fast from behind him, to make the enquirie, that they had left him 
 only in the head of sixteene men, when Sr. Richard Biron, with 
 Captaine Hacker, follow'd by a whole troope of horse and a foote 
 company, came upon him. The maior commanded his men to 
 charge them, Avhich they did, but shott over, yet falling in with 
 them pell mell, they had gotten Sr. Richard Biron downe, and they 
 had his hatt, but he escaped, though his horse was so wounded 
 that it fell dead in the next streete. 
 
 These men that came to the governor's reliefe were Captaine 
 White with his troope, who quarter'd at Leicester, in his returne 
 from Lincolneshirc, from whence he was coming back to Notting- 
 ham, land at Leicester mett the messenger the governor had sent 
 for assistance, which he prosecuted so, that from the two garrisons 
 of Leicester and Derby, Avith his owne troope, he brought about 
 four hundred men. Assoone as they were come into the tOAvne 
 Sr.'John Cell's men, seeing the cavaliers had a mind to be gone, 
 interrupted them not, but being as dextrous at plunder as fight.
 
 156 
 
 they presently went toTopladie's house, who had betre_y'd the towne, 
 and plunder'd it and some others, while the governor's soiildicrs were 
 busie in clearing the towne of the eneniie. When they had done 
 this, the governor did what he could to restreine the plunder; but 
 the truth is, Gell's men were nimble youths at that worke, yett there 
 was not very much mischief done by them. Topladie's house fared 
 the worst, but his neighbours saved much of his goods; he him- 
 selfe, with severall otlier townsmen and countriemen, who had bene 
 very active against the well-aftected, at this time were brought up 
 prisoners to the castle. There were not above five-and-twenty of 
 the Newark souldiers taken; how many were slaine at their going ot" 
 and during the time of their stay we could not ceiteinely tell, be- 
 cause they had meanes of carrying them of by the bridge, where 
 they left Captaine Hacker governor " of their new fort with fourscore 
 men. Their prisoners and plunder they sent away in boates to 
 Newark; many of the townsmen went with them, carrying away not 
 only their owne, but their neighbours' goods, and much more had 
 bene carried away, but that the unexpected sally of the castle pre- 
 vented them. Dr. Plumptre, one of the committee of Nottingham, 
 whom they found prisoner at the marshall's house in the towne, and 
 releas'd, Avent out of towne with them. This man, when he had 
 provok'd the governor to strike him, upon his mallitious and uncivil! 
 raylings against him for the respect he shew'd to the godly men of 
 the towne, had retir'd to the house of a mallignant gentleman, in 
 arms against the parliament, had receiv'd a protection from the 
 governor of Newark, and had divers meetings M'ith the Newark 
 
 " The brother of Colonel Hacker, who was tried, condemned, and executed, for 
 attending the execution of Charles the First. This brother, who served the king 
 during the whole war with great zeal, could not obtain the pardon of his brother, nor 
 prevent the confiscation of his family estate, which was granted to the Duke of York, 
 the king's brother, from whom he was obliged to ransom it at a high rate: it lay at 
 Colston Basset, joining to Owthorpe.
 
 157 
 
 officers, 3'et after all this had the impudence to come into the towne 
 of Nottingham ; and in all the taverns and alehouses he came into, 
 lo belch out abominable scoftes and taunts against the governor 
 and the committee men, before Coll. Thornhagh's face, Avho com- 
 manded him out of the room for it; and upon information of these 
 things to the governor and the committee, he was sent for by some 
 musketeers, and the enemie's protection for himselfe and his o-oods 
 found about him, for which he was committed prisoner, but there 
 being no good accommodation for him in the castle, the governor^ 
 in more civility then he deserv'd, suffer'd him to be in the towne, 
 whence he went with them, and after retir'd to Derby. At the same 
 time, the cavaliers having taken some prisoners upon the parlia- 
 ment's score who liv'd quietly in the country, the committee had 
 fietcht in some gentlemen's sonns of their party, who were left at 
 their fathers' houses, whereof one was remaining at the marshall's 
 house when the cavahers came into the towne, whom the governor 
 sufter'd to be there upon his paroUe, there being no good accommo- 
 dation for him in the castle. Him the cavaliers would have had to 
 have gone away with them, but he would not; which handsome 
 behaviour so tooke the governor, that he freely gave him his liberty 
 without exchange." 
 
 Assoone as the enemie was driven out of the towne the go- 
 vernor brought downe two pieces of ordinance to the mai'kett place, 
 and entreated the souldiers that were come from Leicester and 
 Derby to march with him immediately, to assaidt them in their fort 
 at the bridges, before they had time to put themselves in order, and 
 recollect their confused soules, after their chase; but the maior of 
 Derby, an old dull-headed Dutchman, sayd ten thousand men 
 
 " This story resembles some of those recited in the early and virtuous times of the 
 Roman republic. Such anecdotes serve to relieve the mind, fatigued with reading of 
 U>e crimes and follies of mankind.
 
 158 
 
 could not doe it, and would by no means be entreated to goe on, nor 
 to stay one day longer, but to stand by, while the governor made the 
 attempt, with his owne men. He, when he saw he could not pre- 
 vaile, thought it not convenient, at that time, to urge his men, be- 
 yond their power, aiter ihey had had a Aveeke of such sore labour, 
 and so, much discontented that he could not effect his desire, he 
 drew back his ordinance into the castle. Here his weomen, while 
 the men were all otherwise employ 'd, had provided him as large a 
 supper as the time and present condition would permit, at which he 
 entertain'd all the strangers, and his owne officers and gentlemen. 
 
 There was a large roome, which was the chapell, in the castle : 
 this they had fill'd full of prisoners, besides a very bad prison, 
 which was no better then a dungeon, call'd the Lion's Den ; and 
 the new Captaine Palmer, and another minister, having nothing 
 elce to doe, walk'd up and downe the castle yard, insulting and 
 beating the poore prisoners as they were brought up. In the en- 
 counter, one of the Derby captaines was slaine, and five of our 
 men hurt, who for want of another surgeon, were brought to the 
 governor's wife, and she having some excellent balsoms and plaisters 
 in her closett, with the assistance of a gentleman that had some 
 skill, drest all their wounds, whereof some were dangerous, being 
 all shotts, with such good successe, that they were all well cured in 
 convenient time.'' After our hurt men Avere drest, as she stood at 
 her chamber doore, seeing three of the prisoners sorely cutt, and 
 carried downe bleeding into the Lion's Den, she desir'd the marshall 
 
 > The reader will remember that thd mother of Mrs. Hutchinson had patronized 
 and assisted Sir Walter Raleigh, when prisoner in the Tower,, in his chymical experi- 
 ments, and had acquired a little knowledge of medicine ; whether her daughter had 
 obtained instructions from her mother, or the mother herself was here (for she passed 
 the latter part of her life with her daughter, and died in her house at Ovvthorpe), is un- 
 certain. — Mrs. Hutchinson was certainly an extraordinary woman, and this is not one 
 of the least singular, nor least amiable instances of it.
 
 159 
 
 to bring thein in to her, and bound up and drest their wounds alsoe: 
 which while she was doing, Caplaine Palmer came in and told her 
 his soule abhorred to see this favour to the enemies of God ; she re- 
 plied, she had done nothing but what she thought was her duty, in 
 humanity to them, as fellow-creatures, not as enemies : but he was 
 very ill satisfied with her, and with the governor presently after, 
 when he came into a large roome where a very greate supper was 
 prepared, and more roome and meate then guests, to fill up which, 
 the governor had sent for one Mr. Mason, one of the prisoners, a 
 man of good fashion, who had married a relation of his, and was 
 brought up more in fury, then for any proofe of guilt in him, and I 
 know not Avhither two or three others, the governor had call'd to 
 meale with them ; for which Captaine Palmer bellow'd lowdly 
 against him, as a favourer of mallignants and cavaliers.^ Who 
 could have thought this godly, zealous man, who could scarce eate 
 his supper, for griefe to see the enemies of God thus favour'd, 
 should have after enter 'd into a conspiracy, against the governor, 
 with those very same persons, who noAV so much provok'd his 
 zeale ? But the governor tooke no notice of it, thoug-h he sett the 
 very souldiers a muttering against him and his wife, for these poore 
 humanities. 
 
 The next day the neighbour forces return'd home. Coll. Thorn- 
 hagh having lost the most of his troope, went to London to gett an- 
 other. Captaine White stay'd at Nottingham with his, Avhere intel- 
 ligence being given, that the cavaliers intended to possesse them- 
 selves of Broxtowe and Woollerton, two gentlemen's houses Avithin 
 two miles apiece of Nottingham, Captaine Palmer was sent, with 
 the remainder of his men to keepe Broxtowe house, and the gover- 
 nor's captaine lieftenant, with his company, to Woollerton, The 
 governor, at Nottingham, broke up the Line Bridge to prevent the 
 
 ' Behold a presbyterian and a sectary, a Levite and a Samaritan! 
 
 a A
 
 160 
 
 cavaliers comming suddenly that way into the towne; then he 
 blockt up the lanes next the castle, and cut up all the hedges, that 
 Avere dangerous to make approaches to the castle, and having the 
 experience of the niischiefe of it, pull'd downe St. Nicholas' church 
 by the advice of the committee/ 
 
 Presently after the cavaliers were gone out of towne, some 
 naughty people, sett on by them, fir'd the towne, but it Avas 
 quenched Avithout burning above two or three houses, yett for a 
 fortnight together it was perpetually attempted, fire being lay'd to 
 hay-barnes and other combustible places, insomuch that the weo- 
 men were forc'd to walke by fiftie in a night to prevent the " burning, 
 Avhich the committee perceiving to be attempted by the instigation 
 of the Newark gentlemen, they Avritt them Avorde, that if they for- 
 bade not their instruments, if so much as one house Avere fired, they 
 would fire all the cavaliers houses neare them. The oentlemen re- 
 turn'd them a scornefull letter, full of taunts and disdaine, but after 
 that no more houses Avere attempted with fire. 
 
 The Derby souldicrs, Avhen they return'd home, being askt why 
 they left the cavaliers at the bridges unassaulted, made answer, 
 they Avould have beaten them out, but the governor Avould not lend 
 
 * It is said, in Deering's History of Nottingbam, that this church was pulled down 
 by Col. Hutchinson, and the bells carried to Outhorpe ; which last was at that time 
 impossible, the enemy being in possession of the Vale of Belvoir and the ways to it. 
 In Throsby's edition of Thoroton, he remavks that neither Deering nor Thoroton were 
 properly acquainted with the circumstances of that affair, and mentions, that in dig- 
 ing near the foundation of the present tower, (for the church has been rebuilt), a bell 
 was found evidently broken to pieces at the demolition of the church ; probably by the 
 cannon shot which was sent in answer to Major Cartwright's message. The situation 
 of this church was both very near to the castle, and on a parallel height. 
 
 •^ This is a curious fact: though not said by our historian, it is very probable it 
 might be her suggestion to make this profitable use of the propensity of her sex to take 
 alarm ; as she was a great reader of the classics, she probably remembered that a similar 
 wafrlifulness of the geese saved the Roman capitol.
 
 161 
 
 tliem a piece of ordinance, out of his castle ; which false report^ 
 when the governor heard, peek'd him heartly, being so notorious a 
 lie; for he drew downe two pieces of ordinance, and could not en- 
 Ireate them but to stand by, while he attempted it, with his owne 
 men, but their Maior Molanus, being an old souldier, discourag'd 
 our souldiers, and told them, it was a vaine and impossible attempt. 
 For this cause, the governor rcsolv'd he would sett upon it alone, 
 whenever it was seasonable, and watching an opportunity, he soone 
 tooke it, at a time, when intelligence was brought him, that all the 
 forces Newark could send forth, were gone upon a designe into 
 Lincolneshire. Then, on the Lord's Day, under colour of hearing 
 a sermon at the greate church in the towne, he went thither, and 
 after sermon, from the steeple, tooke a view of the fort at the 
 bridges, no one perceiving his designe, but his engineer, who was 
 with him, and tooke a full survey of Hacker's workes. Then, after 
 supper, he call'd the committee together, and communicated his in- 
 tentions to them, which they approv'd of. So all that night he 
 spent in preparations against the next morning ; he sent away orders 
 to the horse and foote that lay at Broxtowe to come to him in the 
 morning by eight of the clock, with all the pioneers they could 
 gather up in the country; he sent into the towne, and caused all 
 the pioneers there to be brought up, under pretence of making a 
 brestwork before the castle gates, and pretending to sett them upon 
 the platformes, caused all the cannon basketts to be fill'd, which he 
 intended for rolling trenches. All things, betimes in the morning, 
 being gotten into perfect readinesse, and so discreetly order'd, that 
 the enemie had no notice from any of their friends in towne, nor 
 knew aniething of the designe, till it was readie, the governor, 
 about eleven of the clock, on Munday morning, marcht out, al- 
 though the weather at that time, being very tempestuous and rayny, 
 seem'd to have combin'd with his enemies and withstood the at- 
 tempt; but the souldiers were rather animated then discourag'd.
 
 162 
 
 ihinking that difficulties, after they were vanquisht, would encrease 
 their glory. So when the ugly stonne had, three or foure howers, 
 wasted ilselfe in its fury on them, it fell at their feete, and no more 
 envious clowds obscur'd the chearfull face of heaven, so long as 
 they continued in the field. The governor's owne company marcht 
 through the meadowes and gave the alarum to the enemies foote, 
 while Mr. George Hutchinson's company went through the lanes, 
 to gaine a nooke, which was very advantageous for the approaches 
 of our men, and which they easily possest themselves of, and then 
 advancing, planted their colours within musket sholt of the fort. 
 Although they planted so many colours, the governor had but eight 
 score foote, and a hundred horse, in all that Avent with him, out of 
 the castle, but he sett the pioneers fairely among them to make the 
 better shew. 
 
 When the colours were thus planted, the pioneers were sett to 
 . worke to cast up a brestworke, and being left in a safe posture with 
 the inferior officers, the governor and his brother went up to the 
 castle, to order the drawing downe of the ordinance: meanwhile 
 the cavaliers sallied out of their fort to gaine the colours, at whose 
 approach, all the pioneers ranne away from their workes, but the 
 souldiers kept their ground and their colours, and beate back the 
 enemie, into their owne fort, killing some of them, whereof two 
 were left dead before our men, Avhom they thought it not safe to 
 carry of. Our horse meeting the flying pioneers, brought them 
 back againe to their workes, which they continued all that day, and 
 the cavaliers attempted no more sallies. At evening the ordinance 
 were brought downe and planted within muskctt-shott of the fort, 
 and then the governor dispatcht a messenger to Derby to tell Sr. 
 John Gell, if he pleased to send any of his men, they might come 
 and see the fort taken. Accordingly on Tuesday the Dutch Maior 
 came, with about six score foote and dragoones. Hard by the fort, 
 at the bridges, at that side our men approacht, there Avere two
 
 163 
 
 houses full of coales, into which, if the cavaliers had put any men, 
 they might have done much mischiefc, to the assailants, wherefore 
 the governor sent two or three souldiers, who very boldly went all- 
 most under their workes and fired them both, by the light of Avhich, 
 burning all night, the governor's men wrought all that night, in their 
 trenches, and cutt a trench in the meadowes, some of them calling 
 to the cavaliers in the fort, and keeping them in abusive replies, 
 one upon another, while the pioneers carried on their workes; the 
 governor and his brother, and all the other officers, continuing all 
 night in the trenches with them, they behav'd themselves so cheare- 
 full3% that the governor gave them the next morning twenty pounds, 
 and they had very good drinke and provisions brought them out of 
 the garrison, which much encourag'd them, but the governor's pre- 
 sence and alacrity among them much more. When Derby men 
 came on Tuesday, the Dutch maior came downe to the trenches, 
 and told the governor that he wonder'd he would attempt the fort, 
 for it was impregnable, and therefore much dissAvaded him from 
 going on, and say'd he and his men would retvune. The governor 
 told him he and the souldiers with him were resolv'd to leave their 
 hves rather then their attempt, and if they fail'd for want of second- 
 ing, by that force which was sent with him to their assistance, let 
 the blame lie on him. When the Derby officers saw him so resolute 
 to persist, they, after much disswasion and dispute, determin'd to 
 stay, and the officers went up with the governor to supper in the 
 castle ; the souldiers to quarters provided for ihem in the towne : 
 but after supper, the governor went downe againe, and stay'd all 
 night in the 'trenches Avilh his men, and left them not as long as 
 they stay'd there, but only to fetch downe Avhat was necessary for 
 them. He, his brother, and all the officers, were every night with 
 them, and made them continue their custome of rayling at each 
 other in the darke, while they carried on their approaches. There 
 was in the Trent, a little piece of ground which, by danmiing up
 
 1()4 
 
 the water, the cavahers had made an island ; while some of the 
 souldiers held them in taike, others on Wednesday night ciUt the 
 since, and by breake of day on Thursday morning had pitclit two 
 colours in the island, within carabine shott of the fort, and the go- 
 vernor's companie had as much advanc'd their approach on the 
 other side. When they in the fort saw, in the morning, how the 
 assailants had ad vane t, Avhile they were kept secure in talke all the 
 night, they were extreamely madde, and swore like devills, which 
 made the governor and his men greate sport: and then it was be- 
 liev'd they in the fort began to thinke of flight ; Avhich the besiegers 
 not expecting, still continued their approaches, and that day got 
 forty yards nearer in the island and on the other side. Although 
 Sr. John Gell's men came but on Tuesday, on Thursday the second 
 messenger came from him, to call them back. The governor en- 
 treated them to stay that night and kcepe the trenches, while his 
 men refresht themselves : which they did, but his men would not 
 goe out of their trenches, but slept there to fitt themselves for the 
 assault which the governor had resolv'd in the morning, and for that 
 purpose, after he had left them with all things provided in their 
 trenches, he went to the castle to see the fire-balls and other neces- 
 saries for the assault brought downe, and at three in the morning 
 came with them, when the souldiers told him the cavaliers in the 
 fort had for two hours left of shooting. He sent some souldiers then 
 lo the worke sides to discover what this meant ; but they, perceiving 
 the place empty, went in and found that all the garrison was stollen 
 away, and had left behind them four score sheep, a hundred loads 
 of coales, twenty quarter of oates, much hay, a greate deale of 
 plunder'd lead, and a fort so strong, that if they had had such 
 courage as became men of their profession, they Avould never have 
 quitt it. They left all their workes standing, and only broke up 
 two al'ches of the Trent bridges, to hinder the governor's men from 
 following them. Their flight was by that meanes secur'd, the river
 
 165 
 
 being so out that the horse could not ford over. Mr. George Hutch- 
 inson and his company were appoynted to possesse and keepe the 
 fort at the bridges, which he did, and the next weeke the gamson 
 kept a day of solemne thanksgiving to God, for this successe and the 
 mercy in it, whereby all their men were preserv'd, notwithstanding 
 their very bold adventures, so that not one of them Avas slaine, and 
 but four of them wounded, whereof three were so slightly hurt, that 
 they return'd againe next day into the field. To encrease their 
 thankes to God, newes Avas brought them that the same Aveeke the 
 forces that Avent out from NcAvark ioyn'd Avith Henderson's had re- 
 ceiv'd a greate overthrow by CroniAvell, and my Lord NcAvcastle 
 had bene forc'd to rayse his siege of Hull Avith greate losse and dis- 
 honor. Some time after the bridge Avas recover'd, the horse Avent 
 forth and brought in some oxen of Mr. John Wood's, a iustice of 
 the country, disaffected to the parliament, but not in action against 
 them. He, folloAving his oxen, came to the governor, and, after he 
 had dispatcht his businesse, told him hoAv Mr. Sutton Avould have 
 once employ 'd him on a message, to offer the governor any termes he 
 would aske the king, to come over to his side and deliver up the 
 castle to his use. Mr. Wood told him, such a message might not 
 obteine creditt, unlesse he had some propositions in Avriting, Avhere- 
 upon he call'd for pen and inke, and Avritt that he should offer the 
 governor, if he would resigne his castle, not only to be receiv'd into 
 favour, but to have what rcAvard of honor, mony, or command, 
 himselfe Avould propound ; Avhich paper Avhen Mr. Wood had re- 
 ceiv'd, Sr. Richard Biron came in, and Mr. Sutton told him the 
 businesse, to Avhich Sr. Richard answer'd, he believ'd it Avould not 
 take effect, for he himselfe had made the like offers to him, and 
 bene reiecled : ' Avhich Mr. Wood hearing, Avould not undertake the 
 
 "= This is the second instance of attempting Col, Hntchinso'ii's fidelit}-, but the most 
 remarkable one will be found in the sequel.
 
 166 
 
 employment, but the governor made him declare the story to two of 
 the gentlemen of the committee. 
 
 The governor not growing secure by successes, was but stirr'd up 
 to more active preparations for the defence of the place he had un- 
 dertaken, and having a very ingenuous person, Mr. Hooper, who 
 was his engineer, and one that understood all kind of operations, in 
 allmost all things imaginable, they procur'd some saltpeter-men and 
 other necessary labourers, and sett up the making of ponder and 
 match in the castle, both which they made very good ; they alsoe 
 cast mortar pieces in the towne, and finisht many other inventions 
 for the defence of the place. The governor also caus'd a mount 
 neere the castle to be bulwark'd, and made a platforme for 
 ordinance, and rays'd a new worke before the castle gates, to 
 keepe of approaches, and made a new in-worke in the fort at the 
 bridges. 
 
 Sr. Thomas Fairfax, being overmaster'd in the North, by the 
 Earle of Newcastle's greate armie, after his father Avas retir'd into 
 Hull, came with those horse, that were left him, into the Vale of 
 Belvoir, and so visited Nottingham castle, where he and the com- 
 manders that were with him, considering of what advantage it was 
 to the parliament to keepe that place, by reason of the commodious 
 situation of it, and the passe which might be there maintain'd, be- 
 tween the north and south, and the happie retreate it might afford 
 to their northern forces, he very much presst the governor and the 
 committee to raise all the force they could, offering arms and com- 
 missions for them : especially he prest the governor to compleate a 
 regiment for himselfe, which at that time he would not accept, be- 
 cause Collonell Pierrepont had not yett declar'd what he would doe 
 with his regiment. The Collonell was then at Derby, whither some 
 of his officers going to him, to know what they should doe, he dis- 
 misst them ; yett comming to town, he gave out strange envious 
 whispers, and behav'd himselfe so disingenuously to the governor.
 
 167 
 
 that he had iust cause lo have no more regard for him, and being 
 againe importun'd by Sr. Tiionias Fairfax, he receiv'd a commission 
 to rayse a regiment of twelve hundred. He presently recruited his 
 owne companies, and began to rayse more : Mr. George Hutchinson 
 was his lieftenant collonell, and one Mr. Widmerpoole his maior ; 
 there was a companie rays'd by one Captaine Wright; there remain'd 
 a broken piece of Coll. Pierrepont's company, and Captaine Poul- 
 ton, who had bene their captaine lieftenant, being dismist by the 
 collonell, had a new commission under the governor for a compan^^; 
 when those souldiers of Coll. Pierrepont's not knowing what to doe, 
 it was determin'd at a councell of warre of strangers, whereof Sr. 
 William Fairfax was president, that they should list under Capt. 
 Poulton. Sr. William and Sr. Thomas Fairfax, both of them, when 
 the governor made scruple of passing by Coll. Pierrepont, assured 
 him that they had intelligence given them in the nortii of his intents, 
 to deliver Nottingham to the king. 
 
 About this time Chadwick, the deputy recorder of Nottingham, 
 and one of the committee, came to Nottingham, from whence he 
 went away, when the souldiers were all drawne out, and all that 
 were fearfull went to other places to secure themselves. This fellow, 
 being sent of a message to the Lord Fairfax, generall of the north, 
 had receiv'd letters of credence from the committee ; but insteed of 
 prosecuting their businesse, which was to have procur'd some force 
 from my lord to helpe keepe the place, when my Lord Newcastle was 
 dayly expected to come against it, he procur'd himselfe a commis- 
 sion for a regiment, and a ioynt commission for himselfe and Coll. 
 Pierrepont to be governors of the towne and caslle. The last he 
 kept very private ; the first he bragg'd of as a thing, which, my lord 
 considering his greate abillities, would needs enforce upon him. In 
 execution of this, he rays'd seven men, Avhich were his meniall ser- 
 vants, went into Staffordshire, possest a papist's fine house, and 
 fired it to runne away by the light, when the enemie was thirty 
 
 '2 B
 
 168 
 
 miles of from it, and cheated the country of" pay for I know not how 
 many hundred men: for which, if lie had not stollen away in the 
 night, he had bene stoned ; and as his wife past through the townes, 
 she was in danger of her life, the weomen Hinging scalding water 
 after her. But before this, he came to Nottingham at the time the 
 governor rays'd his regiment, and coming up to the castle behaving 
 himselfe somewhat insolently, and casting out misterious words of 
 his authority; the governor sett on a person to find out his meaning, 
 to whom he shew'd a commission he had privately obtain'd some 
 foure months before, for himselfe and Coll. Pierrepont to be ioynt 
 governors of the county, towne, and castle; but neither noAV did he 
 declare this to any of the committee, but only made some private 
 braggs in the towne, that he would shortly come -and take order for 
 the safety of the place, and so went out of towne againe. The go- 
 vernor acquainted the committee Avith this, who seem'd to have 
 greate indignation at it, and writt immediately to Mr. Millington, 
 burgesse of the towne of Nottingham, to have the government of 
 the castle confirm'd on Coll. Hutchinson by authority of parliament. 
 Mr. Salisbury, their secretary, had alsoe put in the government of 
 the towne, but Coll. Hutchinson caus'd him to put it out, and the 
 governor, being inform'd that Coll. Pierrepont, at London, was la- 
 bouring to obteine a regiment, and to be sent downe as governor of 
 the towne, for the more speedy dispatch, sent his owne chaplaine 
 with the committee's letters to London, and sent other letters of his 
 owne to Sr. Thomas Fairfax, to acquaint him how Cliadwick had 
 abus'd my lord, his father, in the surreptitious procurement of this 
 dormant commission, which, during all the time of danger, had 
 layne asleepe in his pockett, and now was mention'd, as a thing, 
 Avhereby he might, when he would, take that place out of Coll. 
 Hutchinson's hands, which he had with so many labours and dan- 
 gers preserv'd, by God's blessing, for the parliament's service ; he 
 therefore desir'd a commission for the castle only.
 
 169 
 
 Assoone as Mr. Allsop came to London, he was immediately 
 dispatcht againe to Nottingham, with an order of parUament, dated 
 November 20, l643, for Coll. Hutchinson to be governor both of 
 the towne and castle of Nottingham, with an acknowledgement of 
 the good service he had done, in preserving the place, and Mr. Mil- 
 lington sayd he should likewise have a commission from the Earle 
 of Essex. At Leicester, Mr. Allsop mett letters, directed to the 
 governor, from Sr, Thomas Fairfax, wherein was a commission en- 
 closed from his father, then generall of all the north, for the govern- 
 ment of both the towne and castle. These commina; both together, 
 although the generall and the parliament had added the government 
 of the towne to that of the castle, as more honour to him, Collonell 
 Hutchinson was for many reasons much troubled at it, amono' 
 which these were some of his considerations. — First, it was allmost 
 all malignants, there being scarce a man left that was to be confided 
 in, except those who were allready listed into the castle. Secondly, 
 they were not so much open profess'd enemies, as close, hipocriticall, 
 false-hearted people, amongst whom were some leading eminent 
 men, so subtile in their malignity, that though their actions were 
 most preiudiciall to the publick service, yet did they cast such 
 cunning specious pretences over them of publick good, that even 
 the most upright men of the garrison were often seduc'd by their 
 faire colours. Thirdly, the religiousest and best people were so 
 pragmaticall, that no act, nor scarcely Avord, could passe without 
 being strictly arraign'd and iudg'd at the barre of every common 
 souldier's discretion, and thereafter censur'd and exclaim'd at. 
 Fourthly, the townsmen, being such as had liv'd free and plentifidly 
 of themselves, could not subiect themselves to government, but 
 were so sawcy, so negligent, and so mutinous, that the most honor- 
 able person in the world, could expect nothing but scandall, re- 
 proach, and ingratitude, for the payment of his greatest meritt; and 
 this the worthy governor found sufficiently from them. Lastly, the
 
 170 
 
 few good men, were so easily blowne up into causelesse suspicions 
 and iealousies, and diere were so many malignant whispers, dayly 
 spread abroad, of every one in office, that it was impossible for any 
 man, so worthily to demeane himselfe, but that a iealous miscon- 
 struction, of some inconsiderable trifle, was enough to blast the 
 esteeme of all his actions, though never so pious and deserving, and 
 of all things in the world, nothing was so contrary to the governor's 
 cleare and generous heart, as a base and causelesse iealousie of 
 him/ But notwithstanding these and many other reasons, such as 
 the unprofitable expence of his time, estate, and labours, where he 
 should reape neither glory nor advantage to himselfe, he consider'd, 
 that since he had rather declin'd then sought the enlargement of his 
 power and command, and that the parliament and generalls had, at 
 such a distance, bene moov'd, to put it unsought for, upon him, it 
 was a worke which God call'd him to, and that the Lord, who sett 
 him into the employment, would conquer all the difficulties. For 
 the uniust thoughts or reports of men or their ungratefull returns, he 
 was as much above the griefe of that, as the vaineglorie of mutable 
 popular applause. It was in all things his endeavour to do and de- 
 serve well, and then he never regarded the prayse or disprayse of 
 men, for he knew that it Avas impossible to keepe on a constant 
 careere of vertue and iustice, and to please all. It suffic'd him, for 
 his inward peace, that he did not thrust himselfe into this and other 
 employments, for any popular, ambitious, or advantageous interest 
 of his owne, but that he was call'd of God, to the carrying on of the 
 interest of truth, righteousnesse, and holinesse, and to the defence 
 of his country, wherein he was faithfull, and found the Lord's pro- 
 tection and glorious presence, not only in all he did, but in all he 
 suffer'd for him and from him. 
 
 * In effect it will be seen that this gave him more uneasiness than his enemies in 
 the plenitude of [jower were ever able to do.
 
 171 
 
 Assoone as the governor had receiv'd his commission, he thought 
 it his duty to put it in execution, and to arme and fortefie the 
 towne ; but my Lortl Newcastle comming with all his forces into 
 Nottingham and Derbyshire, the governor, by the advice of the 
 committee, forbore to publish his new commissions, least the enemy, 
 perceiving an intent to enlarge the ganison, should utterly destroy 
 the towne, before they were able to defend it. At the readino- of his 
 commission in the committee chamber, Coll. Thornhaoh shew'd 
 much discontent, and was melancholly after it; Avhereupon the 
 governor told him, that as he had not sought that enlargement bf 
 command, so if any of them thought themselves abridged by it, or 
 any other inconvenience to the publick service, he would resigne it, 
 and never make use of his commission. The collonell answered, 
 with much kindnesse, that he only Avonder'd how the towne came to 
 be added, when they only writt for the castle, but he was well satis- 
 fied with it, and forced himselfe to a seeming content, though the 
 truth is he had some emulation, but not mallice, to the governor ; 
 and being of a nature a little iealous and easie to be Avrought upon, 
 the wicked enemies of the cause endeavour'd, what they could, to 
 insinuate into him, and worke disaft'ection and devision betweene 
 these two gentlemen, Avho were the most faithful], unbiassed, and 
 zealous champions of the publick interest, in their country. But 
 after Coll. Thornhagh had bene wrought up to declare discon- 
 tent, there were many oddc passages, by which others alsoe of the 
 committee, who durst not before reveale their envious hearts, shew'd 
 themselves displeas'd : whereupon, when they were all together, the 
 governor, who hated secrett heart-boylings, spoke to them, and 
 told them, that their carriages, since the commission came to him, 
 did manifest their dissatisfaction in it, and if they would deale in- 
 genuously with him and let him know it, as he had not sought the 
 additionall government of the towne, so he would never undertake 
 it: if they had any iealousies that unknowne to them he procur'd it
 
 17^2 
 
 for himselfe, and closely sought after the enlargement of his owne 
 power, by the abridgement of theirs, he assur'd them he was much 
 mistaken, and that neither to Mr. Millington, nor Sr. Thomas Fair- 
 fax, had he mentioned aniething more then the government of the 
 caslle : for that of the towne he reioyc'd not in it, but look'd upon 
 it as a greate burthen ; yet since it was conferr'd as an honor upon 
 him, he should not decline serving them therein that had thought 
 him Avorthy of it, except it gave distaste to any of those present; 
 Avhich if it did, he would esteeme it an obligation, if they Avould bilt 
 declare it before he publisht h'is commission. They all unanimously 
 replied, they were not only contented, but exceedingly well pleas'd 
 in it. Then the governor told them, if they were reall," as they pro- 
 fess'd, he should expect their ready, and free concurrence with him, 
 in all affairs tending to the publick service, and in those courses he 
 should applie himselfe to, for the good of the garrison : and againe 
 earnestly desir'd them, if they had any dislikes, either of him per- 
 sonally, or of the alteration of the towne, out of the hands it had 
 bene in the last yeare, that they would now freely declare it ; for as 
 he should take it exceeding kindly of them, to doe so at this time; 
 so if, after he had undertaken the charge, there should be any 
 thwarting or crossing of powers and commands betweene them, he 
 should not beare it; for as he should not stand upon all punctual! 
 niceties in his command, so he would not be abridg'd of the iust 
 and lawfull power due to him in his place. They all unanimously 
 answer'd, it was very fitt and iust he should have it, and ihey 
 would rather endeavour to uphold him in it, then any way to 
 retrench it. 
 
 Now was my lord Newcastle's armie come into Derbyshire, and 
 having taken some places there, nothing was expected at Derby 
 and Nottingham but a siege ; whereupon Captaine Palmer's troope 
 
 ■^ Reall— /'>. Vrais— sincere.
 
 173 
 
 was call'd away from Broxtowe, and all the rest of tlie horse was 
 sent away into Leicestershire, except a few left for scouts, and as- 
 soone as they were gone my lord Newcastle's forces came and 
 quarter'd allmost at the towne side, and in all the neere townes, and 
 Hastings tookc this oppertunity to make a garrison att Willden 
 fenie/ By the mercy of God the enemic was restrein'd from com- 
 ming up to the towne, though it lay soe open that they might have 
 come in at their pleasure, and they not only miserably wasted and 
 plunder'd the country all about, but one of them told a malignant, 
 where he quarter'd, that that was their designe in comming to those 
 parts to devoure the country. The regiments that were quarter'd 
 the neerest to Nottingham were Sr. Marmaduke Langdale's and 
 Collonell Dacre's, Avho had bene a familiar acquaintance of Lief- 
 tenaut-coUonell Hutchinson's when he was in the north, and they 
 loved each other as Avell as if they had bene brothers. Coll. Dacre 
 sent a trumpett to desire Lieflenant-collonell Hutchinson to send 
 him a safe convoy, that he might come and see him, which he 
 acquainted the committee withall, and would have refus'd, but that 
 the committee, thinking some good use might be made of it, per- 
 swaded him to suft'er him to come; accordingly he sent him a 
 tickett under his hand, promising him' to come and goe safely; so 
 upon Thursday morning he came, with about eight more, to the top 
 
 ' Willden Feny was said before to be ih the possession of the king's forces; but 
 whether that was an anachronism^ or that the thin^ now meant was an increase of the 
 fortifications, and the placing a larger number of men there, it is clear that the gar- 
 rison of this place did after this period become a greater annoyance to the parliament, 
 and Lord Grey of Groby, who commanded in chief the associated forces of Leicester, 
 Nottingham, &,c. attacked and took it, assisted, as Whitelock says, p. 96, by Sir John 
 Gell, who contrived to get the thanks of the parliament for his services herein, and 
 for taking in Winkfield manor and Shelford manor; although some time after we find 
 him besieging Winkfield manor in conjunction with Lord Denbigh, and that Shelford 
 manor was not taken till more than two years after by Colonel Hutchinson, acting 
 under the command of Poyntz.
 
 174 
 
 of the hill at Nottingham, and from thence sent his trumpett to the 
 governor, as not willing to trust himsclfe without his leave, to know 
 whither he would permitt him and his two servants to come into 
 his garrison to visitt the lieftenant-collonell. The governor sent him 
 a tickett for them to come in, and though usually ihey kept no 
 centiuells in the towne, yett he sent downe some officers and soul- 
 diers to shew him a guard at his entrance. When the lieftenant- 
 collonell came to him, he made many endearing expressions to him, 
 how much he reioyc'd when his regiment Avas design'd for that place 
 where he was, and how kind an affection he retein'd for him, not- 
 withstanding their contrary engagements. Falling into further dis- 
 course of this, he sayd that if he could but be convinc'd that the 
 king first entertein'd papists into his armie, and that the parliament 
 had none in theirs, he would never fight more on his side. The 
 lieftenant-collonell told him, he should easily be able to doe that. 
 " Well," said Dacre, " you and I must have some discourse in pri- 
 " vate,^ and I shall be glad if you can satisfie me in that." Then 
 the collonell desired some drinke might be sent out to two or three 
 gentlemen, that stay'd on him upon the top of the hill ; which the 
 lieftenant-collonell hearing, sent some of his owne officers and soul- 
 diers on horseback to fetch them downe, who comming in all to- 
 gether with them, the towne rose in an uproare and came to the 
 governor with a high complaint, that I know not how many cavaliers 
 were come into the towne, and rid up and downe armed, threatning 
 the people to their greate terror. This the governor thinking to be 
 true, Avas vext at it, and sent downe an angrie letter to his brother, 
 
 s Though this may appear somewhat improbable in a time when rehgious opinions 
 have so little effect upon pohtical ones, it was otherwise considered at that time; for 
 nearly at this same juncture it is to be seen, in VVhitelock, page 81, that Sir E. Deering 
 did on this very account of there being so many papists and Irish rebels entertained in 
 the king's army, quit hiui and come into the parliament, who admitted hiin to compo- 
 sition, being the first.
 
 175 
 
 requiring him to send up the men that came last into the towne. 
 Coll. Dacre hearing this, desir'd the lieftenant-collonell that the gen- 
 tlemen might passe as they came, and ofFer'd to goe up himselfe 
 and answer for the offence they had given. But the lieftenant- 
 collonell presently carried them all out of towne, and came himselfe 
 up to the castle, taking it something unkindly that his brother 
 should write such a letter to him, and Avorse that others should have 
 suspitions of him ; so that though he had made a promise to dine 
 the Saturday following at Dacre's quarters, yet, to take away all 
 offence and suspitions, he resolv'd he would have no more meetings 
 with him, and to that end writt him a very civill letter to excuse 
 his not comming; and the governor writt another to excuse the mis- 
 take, whereupon the gentlemen were sent for to the castle. Dacre 
 return'd complementall answers to them both, and writt another to 
 Captaine Poulton, entreating very earnestly the lieftenant-collonell 
 and Captaine Poulton to come and dine with him on Wednesday, 
 and desiring the governor he might have the honor to see him. 
 These letters being communicated to the committee, they would 
 faine have had the lieftenant-collonell to have gone, but he held 
 firme to his resolution and would not; soe with their privity Captaine 
 Poulton only went to excuse it, and two of White's officers were 
 sent allong with him, with charge, if they could, to find out how the 
 enemie lay. When Captaine Poulton came, the collonell enter* 
 tein'd him very kindly, and expresst a greate deale of trouble that 
 the lieftenant-collonell was not come, and tooke him aside and told 
 him that the governor of Nottinsham and his brother had now an 
 opertunity whereb}'^ they might much advantage themselves, and 
 doe the king excellent service. Captaine Poulton asking him how, 
 he sayd if the governor would deliver up the castle, he should 
 be receiv'd into favour, have the castle confirm'd to him and his 
 heires, have ten thousand pounds in mony, and be made the best 
 lord in the country. If the lieftenant-collonell would deliver up 
 
 2 c
 
 176 
 
 the bridges, he should have three thousand pounds, and what com- 
 mand he would aske in the army; and offer 'd Captaine Poulton two 
 thousand pounds to effect this. The captaine told him, for his owne 
 part nothing should buy him to such a villainy, and he believ'd 
 the same of the governor and his brother, and made no question 
 but they had before bene attempted. The collonell told him he 
 did not this Avithout authority, and thereupon puli'd a paper out of 
 his pockett, wherein were words to this effect : " These are to au- 
 " thorize Coll. Dacre to treate with Coll. Hutchinson and Lieftenant- 
 " collonell Hutchinson for the delivery of Nottingham-castle and 
 " the bridges, and to make them large promises, which shall be per- 
 " form'd by JV. Newcastle." Having shewed him this warrant, the 
 collonell was very importunate with the captaine to acquaint the 
 governor and his brother, and returne their ansAver to him upon 
 the Friday after, when he offered to meete him, if they would, at 
 a place call'd St. Ann's Well. Captaine Poulton told the governor 
 and his brother, and they the conmiittee, and shew'd them very 
 disdainefull refusalls they all had written to the collonell, and sent 
 him by a drumme, Avho was not long gone out of the garrison but 
 another came from Coll. Dacre with a letter to Capt. Poulton, ex- 
 cusing himselfe that he could not stay in his quarters for him, 
 according to appoyntment, but assuring him that what he had pro- 
 mis'd should be really perform'd. The governor's drumme, in the 
 absence of Coll. Dacre, deliver'd the three letters to Langdale, who 
 writt them back a good civill letter, that he believ'd my lord New- 
 castle and Dacre, out of familliarity and acquaintance with them, 
 might have made these offers in kindnesse to them, but for his part 
 he should otherwise persue the king's service. *" 
 
 ^ This proposal for betraying the castle, togetlier with the refusal, is mentioaed 
 by Whiteloci<, p. 79. Mr. Noble, who is mentioned in the preface as having published 
 the lives of one hundred and thirty-six regicides, makes this remark, " that Colonel 
 " Hutchinson hereby lost a fine opportunity of aggrandizing himself and his family.
 
 177 
 
 After this, the weather being pretty ftiire, and the moone shining 
 at that time, the governor sent out a foote companie, to beatc up 
 their quarters, and gave them a fierce alarum throughout, and tooke 
 twelve horses out of one of their stables, which they sent home. 
 In their returne, meeting a greate body of horse, they all at once 
 discharg'd upon them, and kill'd some eight of them, as Ave were 
 , told in the morning. After this charge the horse immediately re- 
 treated and would not stand another, and the next day remoov'd 
 their quarters further from the garrison. Then the governor and 
 committee sent for the Nottingham horse back from Leicester, and 
 appoynted them to bring five hundred musketts which were come to 
 Leicester for the governor. They came, but left the arms behind 
 them. Besides this the collonell and all his regiment fell into dis- 
 putes, that the governors of the parliament garrisons had no com- 
 mand of the horse that were quartered in their townes; and hereupon 
 the governor was often prevented of many oppertunities advantage- 
 able to the publick service, and much discouraged to find such ob- 
 structions from the envious pride and humour of those who should 
 have bene his assistants ; but he bore with it as long as only himselfe 
 suffer'd by it, and Avas willing for quietnesse sake to passe by many 
 iniuries offer'd himselfe, till the publick service came to be infinitely 
 preiudic'd by it. In the meane time he Avent on, as Avell as he 
 could, through all diflficulties, in the faithfull and active discharge 
 of his trust. He call'd a committee and councell of Avarre, Avhere 
 it Avas put to the (juestion and voted that the toAvne should be forti- 
 fied : then he applied himselfe to the thing, and call'd a full hall of 
 all the towne, avIio declar'd sufficiently their disaffection to the par- 
 liament, but in such a subtile Avay as Avould have entrapt a lesse 
 
 " which doubtless they must regret." That very discerning gentleman is here informed 
 that the Editor of this work, who is the only representative of Colonel Hutchinson in 
 these kingdoms, is much more proud of his descent from so virtuous a man tiian from 
 the most illustrious traitor.
 
 178 
 
 prudent person: but the governor overlookt many things that he 
 saw, and made use of all the advantages they gave him, and did 
 not manifest his resentments of aniething which they could cloake 
 under a specious pretence, how disadvantageably soever it were 
 design'd against the parliament interest. The whole towne unani- 
 mously voted that the place should be fortified, except Alderman 
 Drury, and two or three that follow'd him : then the governor gave 
 them encouraging promises of his protection and care over them, 
 and endeavours to preserve them with his regiment, if they would 
 assist in their owne defence. The towne being well satisfied, or at 
 least seeming so, (for he treated them with that dexterity that they 
 could not for shame openly opose him, though he was not ignorant 
 that the cavalier party curs'd him in their hearts, as the only ob- 
 stacle in their greater desire of having declar'd themselves on the 
 other side) with generall outward cheerefuUnesse, in Christmas 
 weeke, the workes were begun. About this time Sr. Thomas Fairfax 
 being to march into Staffordshire, sent for some arms he had left in 
 Nottingham-castle, and by the same convoy that went with them 
 the governor gott his fivehundred musketts brought home from Lei- 
 cester. Sr. Thomas sent orders to the governor to send him all the 
 horse in the gamson, but when the governor acquainted them with 
 it, they would none of them obey him and goe, though Sr. Thomas 
 sent twice very earnestly for them, but stay'd in Nottingham, where 
 they would obey no order of the governor's, and by doing things 
 that concerned the garrison without and against his orders, they 
 made a sad confusion and thwarting of poTvers, which the governor 
 bore with in respect to Coll. Thornhagh, who did things not so much 
 out of mallice in himselfe, as out of a little emulation, which did 
 not destroy his kindnesse to the governor, and by the subtile in- 
 stigation of Capt. White, who wrought upon his facillity to doe those 
 things which his mallice and factious ambition prompted him to 
 wish, but he durst not himselfe attempt. Although the horse Avould
 
 179 
 
 not obey Sr. Thomas Fairfax, it was not out of cowardize, for the 
 men were very stout, and chearful in the service, but only had the 
 general! fault of all the parliament partie, that they were not very 
 obedient to commands, except they knew and approov'd their em- 
 ployment: they had no sooner refus'd Sr. Thomas, but my lord Grey 
 sending for two troopes, they went to him to Melton, which he had 
 begun to fortifie. The governor, notwithstanding these obstacles 
 from secret enemies and refractory friends, carried on his businesse 
 with good successe, and had many events according to his endea- 
 vours. Among the rest his men encountering a party where Coll. 
 Freckeville and Sr. Henry Humlack were in person, fought them, 
 kill'd many of their men, and tooke Freckeville prisoner; but his 
 captaine-lieftenant Jammot came to his rescue and freed him, 
 though himselfe was taken in his stead and brought to Nottingham. 
 Here, after he had bene some time kept, he corrupted a souldier, 
 who disguiz'd and led him out, and went away with him. The man 
 being a Frenchman and a proper black man, some would needes 
 report him to be Prince Rupert, and thereupon rays'd a greate cla- 
 mor at the governor. 
 
 But before his escape, upon the fifteenth of January intelligence 
 was brought that all the forces in Newark were marcht on a designe 
 upon Sleeford in Lincolneshire. The governor not trusting that pre- 
 tence, commanded all the souldiers and townsmen to silt up that 
 night and expect them; and the next morning, being Tuesday, two 
 of his intelligencers came and brought him word very early that the 
 designe was against Nottingham. After them the horse scouts 
 came in with the newes of their approach, the cnemie's scouts and 
 they having fir'd upon each other. Hereupon a strong alarum was 
 given throughout the garrison, and a foote company sent down from 
 the castle to the workes, and the horse were there sett with them, 
 to dispute the enemie's entrance into the towne ; but the horse per- 
 ceiving the enemie's body to be a greate one, retreated to the castle,
 
 180 
 
 and the foote seeing them gone, and none of the townsmen come 
 forth to their assistance, made alsoe an" orderly retreate back to the 
 castle, in which there was not a man lost nor wounded. Tlie workes 
 being imperfect and quitted, were easily entered, though the cannon 
 that play'd upon them from the castle tooke of wholly the second 
 file of musketeers that enter'd the gates. The first was led up by 
 Lieft. Coll. Cartwright, who two dayes before had sent to the go- 
 vernor for a protection to come in and lay downe amies. The ene- 
 mie being enter'd, possest themselves of St. Peter's Church and 
 certeine houses neere the castle, from whence they shott into the 
 castle-yard and wounded one man and killed another, which was all 
 the hurt that Avas done our men that day. 
 
 The governor was very angrie with the horse for comming up so 
 suddenly, and stirr'd them up to such a generous shame, that they 
 dismounted, and all tooke musketts to serve as foote, with which 
 they did so very good service, that they exceeding well regain'd 
 their reputations. Having taken foote amies, the governor sent one 
 of his owne companies with part of them, and they beate the cava- 
 liers out of the nearest lanes and houses, Avhich they had possest, 
 and so made a safe way for the rest to sally out and retreate, as there 
 should be occasion. 
 
 When this was done, which was about noone, the governor sent 
 out all the rest of the horse and foote, to beate them out of the 
 towne. Sr. Charles Lucas, who was the chiefe commander of all 
 the forces there, had prepar'd a letter to send up to the governor to 
 demand of him the castle ; or if he would not deliver it, that then he 
 should send downe the maior and aldermen, threat'ning that, if they 
 came not immediately, he would sack and burne the towne. There 
 were, at that time, above a thousand cavaliers in the towne, and as 
 many in a bodie without the towne, to have beaten of Derby and 
 Leicester forces, if they should have made any attempt to come in, 
 lo the assistance of their friends in Nottingham. On the other side
 
 181 
 
 the Trent, were all the forces Mr. Hastings could bringout, from his 
 owne garrison and Belvoir and Wiverton, to force the bridges. All 
 the cavalier forces, that were about the towne, were about three 
 thousand. When Sr. Charles liUcas had written his letter, he could 
 find none that would undertake to carrie it to the castle, whereupon 
 they tookc the maior s wife, and, with threats, compclfd her to un- 
 dertake it ; but iust as she went out of the house from them, she 
 heard an outcrie, that " the roundheads were sallying forth," where- 
 upon she flung downe their letter and ran away ; and they ran as 
 fast, from foure hundred souldiers, who came furiously upon them 
 out of the castle and surpriz'd them, while they were secure the 
 castle would not have made so bold an attempt. But the governor's 
 men chased them from streete to streete, till they had clear'd the 
 towne of them, who runne away confusedly : the first that went out 
 shott their pistolls into the thatcht houses to have fired them, but by 
 the mercy of God neither that, nor other endeavours they shew'd to 
 have fired the towne, as they were commanded, tooke effect. Be- 
 tweene thirty and forty of them were kill'd in the streetes, fourscore 
 were taken prisoners, and abundance of armes were gather'd up, 
 which the men flung away in hast, as they run ; but they put some 
 fire into a hay barne and hay mowes, and all other combustible 
 things they could discerne in their hast, but by God's mercy the 
 towne notwithstanding was preserv'd from burning. Their horse 
 fac'd the towne in a vally where their reserve stood, while their 
 foote marcht away, till towards evening, and then they all drew of. 
 Many of them died in their returne, and were found dead in the 
 woods and in the townes they past through. Many of them, dis- 
 courag'd with this service, ran away, and many of their horses were 
 quite spoyl'd : for two miles they left a greate track of blood, which 
 froze as it fell upon the snow, for it was such bitter weather that the 
 foote had waded allmost to the middle in snow as they came, and 
 were so nummed with cold, when they came into the towne, that
 
 182 
 
 they were faine to be rubbed to get life in them, and in that con- 
 dition, Avere more eager of fires and warme meate then of phmder, 
 which sav'd many men's goods, and their security, that did not be- 
 lieve an enemie, who had unhandsomely, to speake truth, sufi'er'd 
 them to enter the towne, without any dispute, Avould have durst, at 
 such greate odds, to have sett upon driving them out. Indeed no 
 one can believe, but those that saw that day, what a strange ebb 
 and flow of courage and cowardize there was in both parties that 
 day. The cavaliers marcht in with such terror to the garrison, and 
 such gallantry, that they startled not when one of their leading files 
 fell before them all at once, but marcht boldly over the dead bodies 
 of their friends, under their enemies cannon, and carried such valli- 
 ant dreadfullnesse about them, as made very couragious stout men 
 recoyle. Our horse, who ranne away frighted at the sight of their 
 foes, when they had brest-workes before them and the advantage of 
 freshnesse, to beate back assaylants, allready vanquisht Avith the 
 sharpnesse of the cold and a killing march, within three or four 
 howers, as men that thought nothing too greate for them, returned 
 fiercely upon the same men, after their refreshment, when they were 
 enter'd into defensible houses. If it Avere a romance, one should 
 say after the successe, that the heroes did it out of excesse of gal- 
 lantry, that they might the better signalize their vallour, upon a foe 
 Avho Avas not vanquisht to their hands by the inclemency of the sea- 
 son : but Avee are relating Avonders of Providence, and must record 
 this as such a one as is not to be conceiv'd, but by those Avho saw 
 and shar'd in it ; it Avas indeed a greate instruction, that the best 
 and highest courages are but the beames of the Almighty; and Avheu 
 he Avithholds his influence, the brave turne cowards, feare unnerves 
 the most mighty, makes the most generous base, and greate men to 
 doe those things they blush to thinke on ; Avhen God againe in- 
 spires, the fearefull and the feeble see no dangers, believe no dif- 
 ficulties, and carry on attempts Avhose very thoughts Avould, at
 
 183 
 
 another time, shiver their ioynts like agues. The events of this day 
 humbled the pride of many of our stout men, and made them after 
 more carefully seeke God, as well to inspire as prosper their vallour; 
 and the governor's handsome reproaches of their fauhs, with shew- 
 ing them the way to repaire, relriev'd their stragliug spiritts, and 
 animated them to very wonderfuU and commendable actions. 
 
 The governor would not let his men persue the reare, but 
 thought they might, in the night, have compleated their dayes 
 worke, if they had fallen into the enemie's quarters, which he gave 
 orders to the horse to doe, but Coll. Thornhagh would not obey 
 them, because they came from him, and so lost a greate opertunity, 
 and contented himselfe with praysing God for the greate deliverance 
 of the day, wherein there was not one townsman that came in to the 
 assistance of the souldiers. 
 
 The next day, the governor call'd the towne together, represented 
 to them the mercy of God and the mallice of their enemies, who, 
 without regard of any friends they had among them, came purposely 
 to fire the towne, which God alone preserv'd, who having shew'd 
 them their danger, requir'd they should be no longer slothfull in 
 their owne defence, but to take amies to preserve their famelies and 
 houses. He propounded to them, that if they would soe doe, they 
 should chuse their owne captaines. They, considering the iust rea- 
 sons and motives with which he urg'd them, at length resolv'd to 
 ioyne in their owne defence and chose foure captaines; but the cap- 
 taines refusing, the souldiers that day went home unlisted, yett by 
 the governor's dexterity in managing them, he at last brought foure 
 hundred, whereof more then half were high malignants, to list them- 
 selves under one Mr. Coates, a minister, an honest godly man,' and 
 
 ' It appears from this that Mr. Pahner, mentioned before, and who will be men- 
 tion'd more than once in the sequel, was not quite singular in taking up arms notwith- 
 standing his function. The famous preacher Hugh Peters, acted as an officer of 
 
 3D
 
 184 
 
 Mr. Mason," an atturney, a greate caA^alier, but a reserv'd silent 
 man, who, for an austere knitt of his brow, and a grave severe 
 countenance, had the reputation of a wise man, but was knowne to 
 be disaffected to the parhament, though cunning enough not to doe 
 aniething that might expose him to sequestration. Into these men's 
 hands he put armes, and so order'd them, that at the last they grew 
 fiercer in the ser^dce then those who Avere uprightly honest. 
 
 The next month the Lord Chaworth sent a letter to the governor, 
 acquainting him that he was sick, and desir'd a protection to come 
 and remain at his owne house, in order to making his peace Avith the 
 parliament, which protection the governor gave him. 
 
 The governor had acquainted the parliament with the late suc- 
 cesse, whereupon they order'd a thousand pounds to be sent to the 
 garrison out of the sequestrations of London, and the excise of the 
 towne to goe to the payment of the garrison ; but through Mr. Mill- 
 ington's negligent prosecution, the thousand pounds never came.' 
 
 The governor went on againe successfully in his employment, 
 and began to endeare himselfe to all the towne as well as the soul- 
 diery, which awak'ning White's sleeping envie, he cast new plotts 
 to disturbe him ; and first made a motion to send to London for 
 two hundred souldiers : to Avhich the governor answer'd — If they 
 were honest, there were men enough to keepe the garrison ; if they 
 were not, to call in other forces was but to baite their treachery 
 with a greater prize ; and that to send for more force, while they 
 had so slender maintenance for these, was to encrease trouble Avith- 
 out any benefitt. 
 
 horse. It was in those days common to quote the expression, that the saints should 
 have, the praises of God in tlieir mouths, and a two edged sword in their hands ! 
 
 ^ The same whom, when put into confinement at the castle, the governor invited 
 to his table. 
 
 ' Mentioned by Whitelock as given
 
 185 
 
 The same afternoone the committee sent the governor a warrant to 
 he signed, which was before subscrib'd by foure of them, White in 
 the front. The warrant was to this effect: 
 
 To Mr. Hooper, Engineer of the Garrison of Nottingham. 
 
 " You are hereby requir'd to make your present appear- 
 " ance to this conmiitlee, there to give an account, what you have 
 " done, about the workes of the towne, and how farre you have 
 " proceeded in them ; how, and in what manner, and by what time 
 " you intend to finish them ; and what materialls are needfull for 
 " the finishing of them, there being imminent danger to the gar- 
 
 Assoone as the governor receiv'd the warrant, he tooke the en- 
 gineer with him, and Avent to the committee, to whom, sayd he, 
 *' Gentlemen, I receiv'd iust noAV such a strange warrant from you, 
 " that I can impute it to nothing, but a pick't occasion of quarrelL 
 " If you desire to question aniething in the fortifying of the towne, 
 *' I have not only brought the engineer, but am here myselfe to an- 
 " swer it : if there be mony in his hands, let him give you an ac- 
 " count of it ; but concerning the fortifications, I conceive he is 
 " only to be accountable to me ; therefore why this warrant should 
 "be made, I cannot tell, unlessc pvn'posely to affront me; as for 
 " that imminent danger you pretend, it is utterly unknowne to me, 
 " and if there be any, I ought to have been acquainted with it, and 
 " desire now to understand it." They answer'd, " Were they not in 
 " dayly perill ?" He replied, " That was certeine, but at this time 
 " none more imminent then usually, that he knew of; and further 
 " desir'd them, if he had bene negligent of those things, which con- 
 " duc'd to the safety of the towne, that they would article against
 
 186 
 
 " him, whatever they could accuse him of; if he had done nolhing 
 " worthy of blame, he tooke it exceeding ill, to be thus thwarted 
 " and aftVonted in his iust and lawfull command." Upon replies 
 and debate, White sayd, " If Hooper did not render them an ac- 
 " count of his workes, they would clap him by the heeles." Where- 
 upon the governor, addressing to him only, told him, " That from 
 " the first opening of his commission, he had manifested his dis- 
 *' content, and that he had taken notice of his secret endeavours to 
 " oppose, and was glad the humour was now so lipe as to vent it- 
 " selfe ; that for the time to come, since he saw his condiscentions 
 " did but encourage them to wrest all things from him, and to ques- 
 " tion all his dues, he would now expect that full observance from 
 " them all, that was due from the officers of a garrison to the go- 
 "vernor; that he expected the horse should receive orders from 
 " him, and that he would noe more put up such affionts and neglects 
 " as he had that very day receiv'd, when calling for a muster of the 
 " horse to have bene sent out upon a very advantageable designe, a 
 " whole troope, unknowne to him, was, by the committee, sent out 
 *' for hay, whereby that opertunity was lost ; he told them further, 
 " protections charging officers and souldiers to forbeare plunder, 
 " ought to be given only by him upon their certificate, and not 
 " by them ; and," sayd he, " Gentlemen, I receiv'd that affront 
 " from you lately, which no governor in the world, but myself, 
 •' would have put up with ; when at a publick councell of warre, 
 *' among all the officers, enough to have caus'd a mutinie, it was 
 *' propounded how farre my command extended, and questioned 
 " whither I could command horse in the garrison ? And all of you, 
 " at a councell of warre, order'd the booty taken should be at the 
 " disposal of the chiefe officer that went out ; so that if a corporall 
 " went out, he must dispose the booty, which in all garrisons is the 
 " governor's right to doe." 
 
 While they were in this dispute, the lieftenant collonell came in,
 
 187 
 
 and seconded his brother ; and after some smart disputes on both 
 sides, they parted for that night. 
 
 The next morning the committee sent for the governor, who 
 coming to them, one of them drew a paper out of his pockett, and 
 offer'd some propositions to tlie governor; which were, first, that tlie 
 dispute betweene them might be silenc'd and kept private ; next, 
 tliat he would iojaie with them, in a letter to Mr. Millington, to 
 desire him to get the question decided by the close committee. What 
 were the severall powers of a governor and a committee ? And, 
 lastly, that he would draw up what he conceived his power to be. 
 To this the governor replied, that for silencing the thing, he was 
 very willing to doe it ; for sending to the close committee, he very 
 well understood his owne power, and if they question'd it, they 
 might send, whither they pleas'd, to satisfie themselves ; for setting 
 downe the particulars, wherein he conceiv'd his power to consist, 
 when he did aniething, which they thought belong'd not to him, 
 let them call him to question where they pleas'd, and he should be 
 ready to give an account of his actions, but he would not make 
 himselfe so ridiculous, as to send for satisfaction in unquestionable 
 things ; yet to inform them, if any of them pleas'd, he would goe 
 allong with them, eitlier to my Lord of Essex, or my Lord Fairfax, 
 to have the power of a governor decided. They told him the gene- 
 rails understood not the power of a committee as the parliament, 
 and therefore writt a letter to Mr. JSIillington with extraordinary 
 commendations of the governor, yet desiring to know the extent of 
 his power, and shew'd it to him. He told them, if they believ'd 
 those things they writt of him, he Avondred whence all this discon- 
 tent should arise, for he appeal'd to them all, whether, ever since 
 he underlooke the government, he had usurp'd any command over 
 them, or done so much as the least inconsiderable act Avithout 
 acquainting them, and receiving their approbation ; and what 
 should ayle them, he could not imagine, unless they were discon-
 
 188 
 
 tented at his being made governor ; which if they were, they might 
 thank themselves, who put it upon him, when he receiv'd nothing 
 but trouble, expence, and danger in it. They all acknowledg'd his 
 appeale true, and sayd they had desir'd his establishment in the 
 government of the castle, as the man the}"" esteem'd most Avorthy of 
 it and most fitt for it. He told them, if the addition of the towne 
 griev'd them, that was to be transferr'd on the parliament, who without 
 his seeking had added that to him. One of them replied, they had 
 so worthy an opinion of him, that they wish'd the assessing of the 
 country too might be only put into his power. He sayd he should 
 have bene oblieg'd to them had this proceeded from aniething but 
 discontent, and that if without his owne seeking he should be ho- 
 nour'd with that trust, as he was with this, he should endeavour to 
 discharge it faithfuU}^; but he rather desir'd it might continue in the 
 hands it was, and if he were negligent to fetch in those assessments, 
 which were given him, then let the blame lie on him ; but for rating 
 and assessing the townes, those who were acquainted with the coun- 
 try were fittest for it; and thus for the present it rested. 
 
 The designe they prevented by sending out the troope unknowne 
 to him was the saving the towne of Southwell from being made a 
 garrison for the king ; which the towne being unwilling to, sent 
 Avord to the governor, that if he Avould come and assist them, they 
 Avould ioyne with him to beate out some souldiers that had intent to 
 fortefie themseh^es there ; but the horse, by reason of their employ- 
 ment, failing those two dayes, and extraordinary ill Aveather com- 
 ming after, that opertunity Avas lost: this Avas about the middle of 
 February. Captaine White continued still afterAvards to prevent all 
 designes, Avhose events might any Avay have conduc'd to the gover- 
 nor's honor, not Aveighing Avhat hinderance it Avas to tiie publick 
 service, Avhich Avas a greate vexation to the governor; but his 
 courage was above their mallice, and his zcale to the service carried 
 him vigorously on, in all things Avhich he could accomj)lish by his
 
 189 
 
 owne officers and souldiers, who were more obedient to him ; and, 
 altliough this was the exercise of his patience, yet was it alsoe a 
 spurre to his dihgencc, and made his fidelhty more ilhistrious, and 
 kept him more in wailing upon God, and more strict in the Avatch 
 over all his actions, because he knew how all his enemies watcht for 
 his fall. 
 
 Upon the eleventh of February, Cornett Palmer, who had bene 
 prisoner at Newark, came home and told the governor that he had 
 discover'd in his prison a designe intended about this time to sur- 
 prize the bridge by Hacker's souldiers, who were to come in the 
 habitt of markett people the next Saturday. This intelligence was 
 seconded, Avhereupon the governor sent his officers to command all 
 the bridge souldiers to keepe in their quarters that day: he com- 
 manded alsoe all the horse in the towne to be ready to goe out upon 
 the first sound of the trumpett, and gave orders for all the drums in 
 the garrison to beate betimes in the morning ; the lieftenant collonell 
 sett out a guard beyond the bridge, with charge strictly to examine 
 all passengers. About eleven of the clock on Saturday, the 17th of 
 February, they tooke twelve of them" upon the bridges, disguiz'd 
 hke markett men and weomen, with pistolls, long knives, hatchetts, 
 daggers, and greate pieces of iron about ihem, whereupon they 
 sent and acquainted the governor, who being himselfe on horseback 
 at the workes, went immediately downe to the bridge, and com- 
 manded all the horse to come away and persue them, but the horse 
 commanders, being allwayes slow in obeying his commands, came 
 not tdl the enemie's foote beyond the bridge, perceiving their fel- 
 lowes were taken upon the bridge, retir'd and gott safe of, only 
 nine who were to have assassinated these at the bridge, and ad- 
 vanct forwarder then the rest, for that purpose, were overtaken, and 
 with their captaine leapt into the Trent, to have sav'd themselves, 
 
 " Hacker's souldiers.
 
 190 
 
 of whom our men pluckt foure out of the water, five were drown'd, 
 and the captaine swom to shore on the other side. The governor 
 was in doubt whether these men taken in disguizes were to be re- 
 leased as prisoners of warre, or executed as spies and assassines by 
 martiall law ; but thougli he had not card if the bridge-souldiers 
 had turn'd them into the Trent when they tooke them, he afterwards 
 releas'd them all upon exchange, except one Slater, a souldicr of 
 his OAvne that had runne away to the enemie, and this day was 
 taken coming into the towne, Avith a monutero " pull'd close about 
 his face, but denied that he was of the designe ; yet after, upon 
 triall at a court-martiall, he was condemn'd and executed. The 
 governor had sent out some horse and foote, to drive the grounds at 
 the enemie's garrison at Shclford, which they did, and from under 
 the very workes from Avhich the enemie shott at them, brought 
 away many beasts and horses, that belong'd to the garrison, and 
 brought them up into the castle-yard. The governor being then 
 in the committee chamber, told them it was fitt the souldiers 
 should have a reward, whereupon it was order'd to give them six 
 pounds, and the governor told the souldiers the committee had as- 
 signed them a reward ; but when they came to receive it, Salisbury, 
 the treasurer, tith'd it out, and gave the souldiers groates apiece, 
 and sixpence apiece to the officers, which in all came but to forty 
 shillings and odde money; which the souldiers, being madded at, 
 flung back his mony, and desir'd a councell of warre, to doe them 
 right; which the governor assented to, and the next day the busi- 
 nesse being heard at a full councell of all the officers of the gar- 
 rison, it was determin'd by the unanimous vote of all but Mr. Salis- 
 bury, that in regard the enemie sliott at them, when they tooke the 
 bootie, it did of right belong to the souldiers that fought for it, and 
 so they had it ; whereupon Salisbury flung away from the board in 
 
 " A kind of cap so called.
 
 191 
 
 a greate hufte and muttering, for which the governor rebuk'd him, 
 and told him such carriage ought not to be sufl'er'd in him, who, as 
 an officer, ought to have more respect to the place and them that 
 sate there. After this, about eighteen of the lieftenant collonell's 
 men went out and mett twenty-five men in arms, betweene them 
 there was a brooke, the bridge men call'd to them, and ask'd of what 
 side they were, and perceiving they were cavaliers, told them, after 
 some litde defies between them, that though the number was un- 
 equal), they would fight with them: and passing over the brooke, 
 charged them, put them to flight, kill'd tAvo of them, tooke eight 
 prisoners and twelve of their horses. Upon examination they were 
 found to be northerne gentlemen, who having listed themselves in 
 the prince's o^vne troope, after the death of Sr. Thomas Biron that 
 commanded under the prince, were assign'd to my Lord Wentworth, 
 at which being discontented, they Avere now returning into their 
 owne country, being allmost all of them gentlemen. Sir Richard 
 Biron, for his brother's memory, exchang'd them for prisoners of 
 Nottingham, taken Avhen the tOAvne was first surpriz'd. 
 
 In the end of this month, on the fast day, the nationall covenant 
 was taken, with a greate solemnit}', both by the souldiers and inha- 
 bitants, men and women," of the garrison. This day, unexpect- 
 edly, came Sr. Edward Hartup, with a thousand horse of Leicester 
 and Derby, to which the governor added betweene five and six 
 himdred, Sr. Edward being appoynted to command the party, 
 should have gone wdth them to take Muscam Bridges, at NcAvark, 
 before which place Sr. John Meldrum was now come, with about 
 seven thousand men, and had lay'd siege to it. The horse of New- 
 ark, assoone as the parliament's forces came, made an escape over 
 Muscam Bridge, which Sr. Edward Hartup, having more mind to 
 drinke then fight, lingring a day at Nottingham, and then raarch- 
 
 • Nota bene. 
 2 E
 
 192 
 
 ing to no purpose against it, lost his opertimity of taking ; yet God, 
 by a providence, gave it up with 200 men that kept it. to the 
 jiarliament's forces, wlio had they then persued their successe, 
 they might have carried the towne too, but it was not God's time 
 then to deUver the country of that pernitious enemie. The horse 
 that were escaped out of Newark, went into all their garrisons in 
 the Vale and Derbieshire, and gather'd up all the force they could 
 make, to about the number of two thousand, and with these they 
 came and (juarterYl neere Nottingham ; themselves and the countiy 
 giving out that they were about four thousand. 
 
 There Avas a fast kept at N(jttingham, to seeke God for his pre- 
 sence with our armies, and before the first senuon was ended, the 
 enemies horse came to the towne-side and gave a strong alarum, 
 and continued facing the towne till night, at which time they re- 
 turn'd to their quarters, and those horse that were in the gamson fol- 
 lowing their reare, glean'd up two lieftenants and two or three other 
 officers : the next day the body march'd iust by the towne-side, and 
 so past over the river at Wilden Ferry. After they were gone from 
 about Nottingham, the governor went downe to the Leager, at New- 
 ark, where Sr. John Meldrum had made all things ready for a 
 generall assault of the towne; but at a councell of warre that was 
 caird in the field, it was determin'd that it should not then be, 
 whereupon the governor of Nottingham returned to his garrison ; 
 who comming to take his leave of Sr. John Meldrum, Sr. John en- 
 treated him that he would returne againe and be among them as 
 much as he could, making a sad complaint of the envyings, heart- 
 burnings, and dissentions that were among the severall commanders, 
 so that he had much adoe to hold them together, and had greate 
 need, of men of moderation and prudence, to assist him, and to 
 helpe to mediate among them. The forces that Sr. John Meldrum 
 commanded before this towne, were gather'd out of severall associ-
 
 193 
 
 ated counties, and the commanders so emulous of one anolher, and 
 so refractory to commands, and so peeking in all punctillios of supe- 
 riority, that it gall'd the poore old gentleman to the heart, who, 
 having commanded abroad, and bene us'd to dealc with officers 
 that understood the discipline of warre, Avas confounded among 
 those who kncAV^ not how to obey any orders, but disputed all his 
 commands, and lost their time and honor in a fruitlesse expedition, 
 through their vaine contentions ; whereas had they ioyn'd in the 
 assault, then when he would have made it, they might probably 
 have carried the towne, but missing that opertunity, they came of 
 at last with loss and dishonor. While the governor was at the Lea- 
 guer, Sr. John Meldrum told him, that Coll, Pierrepont had bene 
 with him, to get his hand to a paper, which should have testified, 
 that the government of Nottingham did of right belong to him ; but 
 Sr. John answer'd he could not testifie any such thing, for it was his 
 owne act to conferre that government, where now it Avas; with 
 which Coll. Pierrepont seem'd very well satisfied at that time. 
 When he could not prevaile in this, he desired Sr. John to sett his 
 hand to another paper, Avhich should have certified, that in all 
 things he had approov'd himselfe most firme and faithfull to the 
 service of the parliament. Sr. John said he Avould not iniure him so 
 much as to make any such certificate, of a thing not call'd into 
 question ; but if there should be any doubt of it, he should be 
 ready to doe him all right. Coll. Pierrepont moreover went to the 
 governor's souldiers, that had formerly bene of his regiment, and 
 giving them twenty shillings to drinke, told them he Avas to be go- 
 vernor of the toAvne, and would shortly come among them. 
 
 Sr. EdAvard Hartup Avas sent Avith the party of horse he before 
 had at Muscam bridge, to persue those that Avere gone out of New- 
 ark, and fight Avith them and hinder their ioyning with Prince Ru- 
 pert, Avho Avas expected to come to rayse the siege; and Avhen Sr.- 
 EdAvard came into Leicestershire the Avhole country rose with him.
 
 194 
 
 and the governor' of Leicester brought out foote and cannon to 
 assist him. His forlorne hope being of the Nottingham hoise, 
 charged the enemie's forlorne hope and routed them, and then fell 
 into their body of foote, Avhich diey had drein'd out of their little 
 garrisons, and routed them alsoe, and if Sr. Edward Hartup would 
 have come on with his body, they had all bene cut off; but the 
 knight would not stirre, but commanded the forlorne hope to re- 
 treate, who had slaine and taken many prisoners of the enemic, and 
 among them Jannnot, that had lately made his escape out of Not- 
 tingham-castle. The enemie perceiving Sr. Edward would not hurt 
 them, rallied againe and ioyn'd with Prince Rupert; of whom as- 
 soone as Sr. Edward had intelligence, he Avent back to Newark 
 witli such shamefull hast that he quitted Melton with all the pri- 
 soners the forlorne hope had lately taken. The Leicester forces, 
 discourag'd at this carnage, return'd to their garrisons and marcht 
 no more with him.'' 
 
 The governor of Nottingham kept out spies upon the enemie's 
 motions, and sent word to the Leaguer, but the gentlemen there were 
 so over-confident, they Avould not believe any force could come to 
 rayse their siege. At length, the governor of Nottingham being 
 there himselfe, word was brought Prince Rupert was come to Ashby, 
 wherefore he, fearing some attempt upon liis garrison, to divert the 
 forces at the siege, return'd home Avith his brother to looke to their 
 charge. It was late upon Wednesday night Avhen the governor came 
 home, and was certeinely inform'd that Prince Rupert Avas, that 
 afternoone, marcht by to rayse the siege, with about six thousand 
 
 f In Whitelock's memoirSj p. 85, there is an account of this relief, or raising the 
 siege of Newark, agreeing with Mrs. Hutchinson's, except that it is not quite so parti- 
 cular, and omits the account of what hcfel Col. Thornhagh. Whitelock attributes to 
 the misconduct of Sir E. Hartup and Col. Bingley Prince Rupert's coming Avith his 
 forces entire to the place, and informs us that a court martial was directed to decide . 
 upon their conduct, but not what their decision was.
 
 195 
 
 men. Immediately the governor sent tAVo men, excellent!}' well 
 mounted upon his owne horses, to carry the alarum to Sr. John 
 Meldrura, who by two of the clock on Thursday morning deliver'd 
 him their letters, and he presently prepar'd to fight with the prince, 
 who about nine or ten of the clock came. Sr. John had drawne all 
 his ordnance into the walls of a ruin'd house, call'd the spittle, and 
 the horse were first to charge the enemie. Coll. Thornhaffh and 
 Maior Rossiter gave them a very brave charge, routed those whom 
 they first encounter'd, and tooke prisoners Maior-generall Gerrard 
 and others, and, had they bene seconded by the rest of the hors^, 
 had utterly defeated the prince's army; but the Lincolneshire troopes 
 fled away before they ever charged, and left Coll. Thornhagh en- 
 gaged, with only his owne horse, in the prince's whole body, where, 
 they say, he charged the prince himselfe, and made his way and 
 pass'd very gallantly through the whole army, Avith a greate deale of 
 honor, and tAvo desperate Avounds, one in the arme, the other in 
 the bell3^ After the Lincolneshire horse Avere run aAvay, Sr. John 
 Meldrum sent the Derby horse and the Nottingham foote, with tAvo 
 companies of Coll. King's, to keepe Muscam bridge, and Molanus, 
 the Derbieshire maior, to be their commander. Coll. Thornhagh 
 was sent home in a Avaggon to Nottingham. Sr. John himselfe, 
 Avith the fcAv horse and dragoones that AA'ere left of Nottingham and 
 Derby, being about five hundred, Avent into the spittle to his foote.. 
 The prince lost more then Sr. John in the skirmish, hut assoone as- 
 ever Sr. John had betaken himselfe to the spittle, the prince sent 
 horse and foote betAveene him and Muscam brido-e.'^ The horse 
 that Avere left there to guard the foote ran every man away, so that 
 they had not a horse left to fetch them any provision. The maior 
 
 1 Rapin gives a different account of tliis matter, Lut to those who know or observe 
 the situation of the pkices, Mrs. Hutchinson's will appear to be the true one. Besides 
 Muscam bridge there was a bridge of boats, which enabled the prince's forces to sur- 
 round the guard left at Muscam bridge: this guard^ instead o^ deserting, as Rapia
 
 196 
 
 that commanded tliem told them that he would goe to the next 
 towne to buy them some bread, and Avith that pretence came away 
 and never saw them more. The enemie was endeavouring to make 
 a passage over the river, to come on the other side of them and 
 encompasse them, Avhich when they saw and consider'd, that they 
 had no order what to doe, nor bread for one meale, nor bullett more 
 then their musketts were loaded withall, and that it was impossible 
 for them to come of, if they stay'd till the enemie enclos'd them, 
 and further discovering that their friends in the spittle were in parlee, 
 they conceiv'd it their best way to come home, which they plotted 
 so to doe tliat the enemie might not perceive it till they were out 
 of their reach; so leaving lighted matches and squibbs, layd at cer- 
 teine distances, to deceive the enemie, they came safe home; but 
 within lesse than half an howr after they were gone the enemie 
 came on the other side, and not missing them till morning, by 
 reason of the squibbs, they pcrsued them not, by which meanes 
 they came safe to Nottingham; which was a very seasonable mercy, 
 for had they stay'd the choycest arms in the garrison had bene lost, 
 and the best and most confiding souldiers disarm'd: for Sr. John 
 agreed upon articles with the prince, to deliver up the spittle Avherein 
 he lay, Avith all the musketts, ordinance, and ammunition, in it; 
 the foote souldiers to march away with colours flying, swords and 
 pikes, the horsemen with their horse and swords, and all the com- 
 manders with their pistolls: but the prince broke all these condi- 
 tions, and pillaged them to their shirts, and sent many captaines 
 quite naked away. 
 
 The committee of Nottingham now began againe to mutter at the 
 governor, but he would not take notice of it, but applied himselfe 
 
 says of it, was deserted and sacrificed for want of support : the road still lay open 
 to Lincoln, but probably Prince Rupert was too strong and too active to let the 
 besiegers escape any w;iy unless they had acted with better accord amongst each 
 other.
 
 197 
 
 to take care for the securing of his towne, where the eneniie now 
 dayly threat'iied to come. So he floted the medowes on the Line 
 side, where there was no fortification, and raj's'd a fort in the middst 
 of the medowes, to preserve the flote, and fortified the Trent bridges 
 more strongly, and, expecting the enemie every hower, was forc'd 
 to let the worke goe on all the Lord's day. When, calling the cap- 
 taines together, to consult the best way of preparing for their de- 
 fence, Mason, the new towne captaine, tooke this time to revive 
 the old mutiny, and said the townsmen Avould not stand to their 
 workes except the ordinance Avere drawne downe from the castle to 
 the towne Avorkes: the governor rebukin"' him for this unseasonable 
 insolence, he and his men were, all the time of this greate exigence, 
 so backward that they were rather an obstruction then assistance, 
 and there was much adoe to get them either to the workes or the 
 guards. Indeed such a blow was given to the parliament interest, 
 in all these parts, that it might well discourage the ill-aifected, when 
 even the most zealous were cast downe and gave all for lost: but 
 the governor, who in no occasion ever lett his courage fall, but, 
 when things were at the lowest, recollected all his force, that his 
 owne despondency might not contribute aniething to his mallicious 
 fortune, at this time animated all the honest men, and expresst such 
 vigor and cheerefullnesse, and such stedfast resolution, as disap- 
 poynted all the mallignants of their hopes. The wives, children, and 
 servants, of such as were in the enemie's garrisons and armies, he 
 thought it not safe to suffer any longer in the towne, in such a time 
 of danger, and therefore commanded diem all to depart, not sparing 
 even some of his owne relations; but though this was done by the 
 concuiTence of the Avhole conmiittee, yet some of them, who were 
 loath the towne should loose any that wisht ill to the governor and 
 his undertakings, privately, without his consent or knowledge, 
 brought back severall persons that Avcre verj^ dangerous to the 
 place.
 
 198 
 
 And now, upon the twenty-fifth day of ]\Iarch, a letter was 
 brought to the governor fi-om all the commissioners at Newark, 
 telling him that the parliament's forces had quitt Gainsborough, 
 Lincohie, and Sleeforth, and that the prince intended to advance 
 against Nottingham, and to fire the towne, if he did not immedi- 
 ately throw downe the Avorkes, which if he should not doe, the 
 world would then take notice of him as the only ruine of his native 
 country. To which the governor return'd them answer, that as he 
 never engag'd himselfe in this service, with respect to the successe 
 or actions of other places, so though the whole kingdome were quitt 
 besides this towne, yet he would maintaine it so long as he was 
 able, and he trusted that God would preserve it in his hands; but 
 if it perish'd, he was resolv'd to bury himselfe in the ruiiies of it, 
 beino- confident that God would after vindicate him to have been a 
 defender, and not a destroj'cr of his country. The copie of the 
 letter which the Newark commissioners sent to the governor, Avas 
 sent to one Francis Cooke, a niallignant inhabitant of the towne, 
 silbscribed with all the commissioners hands, and desiring him to 
 communicate it to the whole towne. The governor having taken 
 what care he could at home, sent immediately to the parliament 
 and to the Earle of Essex, acquainting them with the desperate con- 
 dition of the place, and desiring they would send him seasonable 
 reliefe, if the prince should besiege him, promising to employ his 
 iilmost endeavor to hold it for them, or to loose himselfe with it. 
 My lord generall return'd a very civill encouraging letter, and now 
 the prince, two dayes after the letter, was advanc'd within three 
 miles of Nottingham, Avhen it pleas'd God to divert him from com- 
 ing against the tow.ne by letters which were brought him from Ox- 
 ford, which occasion'd his hasty returne into "the south, without any 
 attempt upon the place, which by God's mercy was thus deliver'd 
 from this threatning danger. However their enemies at Newark, by 
 the late successe, were very much exalted, and by the quitting of so
 
 199 
 
 many parliament garrisons about them, encreas'd in power, and 
 left at leizure to turne all their designes against Nottingham, which 
 being so infirme within itselfe, the governor had a very difficult 
 taske to preserve it, while the disaffected, who were subtile, did not 
 clearely declare themselves, but watcht all opertunities to worke the 
 governor's disturbance, by fomenting the ill humors of the factious 
 committee men and priests; for they now tooke occasion to fall in 
 with them, upon the governor's release of his chiefe cannoneers 
 out of prison, into which he, by the instigation of the ministers and 
 the godly people, whom they animated allmost to mutiny, had put 
 them, for separating from the publick worship, and keeping little 
 conventicles in their owne chamber. It was with some reluctancy 
 he had committed them, for the men, though of different iudgements 
 in matter of worship, were otherwise honest, peaceable, and very 
 zealous and faithfuU to the cause; but the ministers were so unable 
 to suffer their separation and spreading of their opinions, that the 
 governor was forc'd to commit them; yet when this greate danger 
 was, he thought it not prudent to keepe them discontented and then 
 employ them, and therefore sett them at liberty, for which there 
 was a greate outcry against him as a favourer of separatists/ 
 
 ' This being the first time that a disunion in religion among those of the parlia- 
 ment's party has been plainly named, it is proper liere to state, that in the outset all 
 those sects, which have since taken so many various names, joined their forces to 
 repel the encroachments of the Prelates, — it would not be fair to say of the Church 
 of England, whose characteristic is moderation itself, — but when they had almost 
 crushed the Episcopalians, the Presliyterian ministers began to rise pre-eminent in 
 power, and to shew that though they had changed the name, they by no means in- 
 tended to diminish the dominion of the hierarchy. There are preserved in Whitelock 
 two speeches, one of his own and one of Selden's, on this subject. To resist this 
 usurpation there arose a very powerful party or faction under the name of Independ- 
 ents, under whose banner enlisted all who desired liberty of conscience, of whatever 
 particular persuasion they might be; and, amongst others, most naturally all such a* 
 wished to see the Church of England restored to her purity, and redeemed from her 
 
 2 F
 
 200 
 
 It will not be amisse, in this place, to carry on the parliament 
 story, that we may the better iudge things at home, when we know 
 the condition of affaires abroad. The queene, being suffer'd to 
 passe through Nottinghamshire by those forces Avhich were sent 
 downe thilher to have prevented her, ioyn'd with Prince Rupert 
 and came to the king, and was by the parliament voted traitor 
 for many actions, as pawning the crown iewells in Holland, en- 
 
 servility and subsen-iency to the usurpations of the crown ; but whose hopes would have 
 been totally destroyed if Presbytery obtained a full and firm establishment. It is 
 extraordinary that almost all the historians put the cause for the effect, and suggest 
 that many members of the parliament, and at the head of them Cromwell, raised this 
 faction to obtain their own exaltation ; whereas i;itolerancy raised it in the nation at 
 large, and especially in the army, and Cromwell availed himself of it when raised. — 
 In a scarce book, called Anglia Rediviva, or the Success of the army under Fairfax, 
 written by Joshua Sprigge, he says, " the army was, what by example and justice, 
 " kept in good order both respectively to itself and the country: there were many of 
 " them differing in opinion, yet not in action nor business; they all agreed to preserve 
 "the kingdom; they prospered in their unity more than uniformity, and whatever 
 " their opinions were, they plundered none with them, they betrayed none with them, 
 " nor disobeyed the state with them, and they were more visibly pious and peaceable 
 " in their opinions than many we call orthodox." Let the blame of all the misfortunes 
 that flowed from it rest with those who gave disturbance to such men, not to those who 
 screened them from persecution. 
 
 The chief of these cannoneers was that Lawrence Colin mentioned in a former 
 note, page 112. He continued at Nottingham after all the wars were over, but being 
 persecuted on account of his religion, applied to Cromwell for protection, and was 
 effectually screened by him from his persecutors; he lived to more than ninety years; 
 his descendants rose to opulence, and one of them founded a very handsome hospital. 
 This family united themselves to that of Langford, and both being molested on the 
 score of nonconformity, were peculiarly protected by James the Second, and stood 
 stedfastly by him at the revolution, at which time he got many sectaries to join the 
 catholics, and make common cause against the church of England. By this turn of 
 events and opinions Langford Colin, Esq. before mentioned came to be the head of 
 the country, Jacobite, or anti-revolutionist party, while the Plumptrcs and Hutchin- 
 sons embraced the Hanover or Whig party, as mentioned in the note, page 112, just 
 spoken of.
 
 201 
 
 couraging the rebellion in Ireland, heading a papisticall armie in 
 England, &c. 
 
 The Earle of Essex his armie lay sick about London for recruits; 
 Sr. William Waller, after many victories in the west, was at length 
 totally routed, and returned to London, Piince Maurice and Sr. 
 Ralph Hopton having recovcr'd and possesst allmost the whole west 
 of England for the king. The north my lord Newcastle's armie 
 commanded so fully, that they were advanct into Nottingham and 
 Lincolneshire, and the adiacent counties. The parliament, being 
 in this low condition, had agreed with Scotland, and enter'd into a 
 solcmne nationall league and covenant, Avhich Avas taken throughout 
 both kingdomes, and the king had made a cessation of armes with 
 the Irish rebells, and brought over the English armie, that had bene 
 honor'd with so many successes against them, to serve him here; 
 but God never blest his affaires after they came to him, ' though 
 indeed before their arrivall God had begun to turne the scale; for 
 the citie of Gloucester stopping, by its faithfull and valliant resist- 
 ance, the carreere of the king's victories, after Bristoll and Exeter 
 and all the west was lost, the king, disdaining to leave it behind 
 him unvanquisht, sate downe before it, which employ 'd him and 
 
 * The parliament and the king seem to have been equally injudicious in seeking 
 resources from without. Rapin says " the Presbyterians seized the occasion which was 
 " offered them of establishing their system of uniformity, and that it increased the 
 " number of the king's friends ;" had he not, through partiality to his sect, withheld a 
 part of the truth, he woidd have said that, in pursuit of their system of intolerance, 
 they divided the parliament and the friends of liberty, exasperated the army, and 
 having forced them to try their strength against them, caused the subjugation of 
 themselves, and the ruin of their whole cause and party. So much for the league and 
 covenant. 
 
 The king, by seeking the assistance of the Irish in a manner so injurious to the 
 true interest of England, blemished his own fame, hurt his cause, ruined his partizans 
 in both countries, and indeed the Irish nation in general, which has never recovered 
 from the depopulation which took place in consequence of those convulsions.
 
 202 
 
 his whole arrnie, till the Earle of Essex and his recruited armie, 
 assisted with the London auxiliaries, came and reliev'd it, and per- 
 sued the king's armie to an engagement at Newberry, where the 
 parliament obtein'd a greate and bloody victory, and the king for 
 ever lost that opertunity he lately had of marching up to London, 
 and in probabillity of subduing the parliament. My lord New- 
 castle, by a like error, about the same time, setting downe before 
 Hull, mist the opertunity of wholly gaining all those neighbouring- 
 counties, and much wasted his greate and victorious army, being 
 forc'd to rise with losse and dishonor from the unyielding towne. 
 After the fight at Newberry Sr. William Waller, having gotten a new 
 " armie, had divers successes with it, and at length totally routed all 
 Hopton's armie, about that time that Prince Rupert rays'd the siege 
 at Newark, and Avas the occasion that call'd the prince so hastily 
 out of those counties. 
 
 The Earle of Essex persuing the warre, had a designe to block 
 up Oxford, Avhere the king was, and accordingly attempted it, he 
 ^.^^ on one side, and Waller on the other; but the king, with a few 
 light horse, escaped out of the towne, and went to ioyne with his 
 greater armies, which being done, Essex marcht farther into the 
 west, and in Cornwall was besieg'd, where he lost all his foote, am-, 
 munition, and ordinance, and came dishonorably home to London. 
 Waller unsuccessefully folio w'd the king, and tiie parliament's af- 
 faires, all that summer, were very unprosperous in the west, south, 
 and midland counties, but contrary in the north, where the Scotch 
 armie, under Generall Leven, advanc'd, tooke some townes and 
 forts, and wasted the Earle of Newcastle's armie more by their pa- 
 tient sufferance of the ill weather and martiall toyle, Avhich the 
 English could not so well abide, then by fighting. Sr. Thomas 
 Fairfax, having againe taken the field with his father, after a mira- 
 culous victory they had gain'd over the Irish army which the king
 
 203 
 
 had brought over, ioyn'd the Scots; ' and the Earle of Manchester, 
 having rays'd a force in the associated counties, with which he made 
 an expedition to Lincohie, having Colh Cromwell for his heftenant- 
 generall, marcht into Yorkshire, and uniting with the other two 
 armies, they all besieg'd the Earle of Newcastle in Yorke. To rayse 
 this siege. Prince Rupert came Avith a greate armie out of the south; 
 the besiegers rise to fight with the prince, and Newcastle drew all 
 his force out of Yorke to ioyne with him, Avhen both armies, on a 
 greate plaine call'd Marston Moor, had a bloody encounter, and the 
 Scotts and my lord Fairfax were wholly routed, and the battle lost, 
 but that Cromwell, with five thousand men which he commanded, 
 routed Prince Rupert, restor'd the other routed parliamentarians, 
 and gain'd the most compleate victory that had bene obtein'd in the 
 whole warre." The victors possesst all the prince's ordinance, car- 
 riages, and baggage; whereupon the prince fled, with as many as 
 he could save, back into the south; the Earle of NcAVcastle, with 
 some of his choyce friends, went into Germany, and left Sr. Thomas 
 Glenham governor of Yorke, which he soone after surrender'd, and 
 then the three generalls parted; Leven went back into the north 
 and tooke the towne of Newcastle, Fairfax remain'd in Yorkshire, 
 and Manchester return'd into the south, by the way taking in many 
 small garrisons as he past through the counties. 
 
 The queene that summer went into France, to sollicite forreigne 
 ayd for her husband, but uneffectually; meanewhile new treaties 
 were carried on betweene the king and parliament, but to no pur- 
 
 • Commanded by Sir John Biron, or Lord Biron, near Namptwich in Cheshire. 
 
 " There are very various and discordant accounts given of this battle, so that 
 Rapin says he could neither satisfy himself nor his readers with them: that given by 
 Whitelock is however pretty clear, and agrees with this of Mrs. Hutchinson, in as- 
 cribing the success principally to Cromwell; and as Mrs. Hutchinson was by no 
 means partial to Cromwell, nor does Whitelock upon the whole seem so, we may 
 better believe them than Hollis, who writes a philippic rather than a history.
 
 20i 
 
 pose; for the king's false dealing and disingenuity therein was so 
 apparent that they came to nothing, but a further discovery of the 
 king's falsehood, and favour of the Irish rebells, with whom he had 
 now employ 'd Ormond to treate and conclude a peace. This treaty 
 was that at Uxbridge, where commissioners mett on both sides, but 
 effected nothing; for the parliament itselfe began to grow into two 
 apparent factions of Presbyterians and Independents, and the king 
 had hope, by their de visions, to prevaile for the accomplishment of 
 his owne ends/ 
 
 It was too apparent how much the whole parliament cause had 
 bene often hazarded, how many opertunities of finishing the warre 
 had bene overslipt by the Earle of Essex his armie, and believ'd 
 that he himselfe, with his commanders, rather endeavour'd to be- 
 come arbiters of warre and peace, then conquerors for the parlia- 
 ment; for it was knowne that he had given out such expressions: 
 wherefore those in the parliament, who were griev'd at the preiudice 
 of the publick interest, and loath to bring those men to publick 
 shame, who had once well merited of them, deviz'd to new model 
 the armie, and an ordinance was made, call'd the self-denying ordi- 
 nance, whereby all members of parliament, of both houses, were 
 discharg'd of their commands in the armie. Cromwell had a par- 
 ticular exception, when Essex, Manchester, and Denbigh, surren- 
 der'd their commissions, and Sr. Thomas Fairfax was made generall 
 of the new-modelFd armie, Cromwell lieftenant-generall, and Skippon 
 maior-generall. The armie was reduc'd to twenty-one thousand, 
 who prosecuted the warre not with designe of gaine and making 
 it their trade, but to obteine a righteous peace and settlement to the 
 distracted kingdome, and accordingly it succeeded in their hands.'' 
 
 " Whoever will take the pains to read the king's letters in Clarendon's State Papers 
 will see that this is a true representation of his sentiments. 
 
 y It is suggested by Rapin and others that this new model and self-denying ordi- 
 nance arose not from the motives here set down, but merely from intrigue; yet White-
 
 205 
 
 To retume to Nottingham, after the prince was marcht away out 
 of the country, the enemie without was still designing against the 
 garrison, and the governor's enemies within were still perplexing all 
 his affaires. Upon the eleventh of May, a letter was found by a 
 wench in the night-time, dropt in the shoemaker's booths ; Avhich 
 letter was directed to Sr. Richard Biron, informing him that " the 
 " businesse betweene them went on with good successe, and that 
 " the time drawing on, it behoov'd him to be very dilligent, and 
 " desiring him to burne the letter;" which was subscrib'd, " Your 
 " carefull servant A. C. ;" and a postscript written, " Faile nothing 
 " by any means, and there shall be no neglect in me." The gover- 
 nor tooke all courses that could be imagin'd to discover this person, 
 but could never find him out. About this time some troopers going 
 by a house, where one Henry Wandall, a debosht mallignant apo- 
 thecary had liv'd, (but the house was now empty, and he had the 
 key of it) ; they perceiv'd a smoke to come out of it, and went in 
 and found some kindled sticks, laid in a potsherd, iust by a rotten 
 post, under the stair-case, with hurds and other combustible things 
 
 lock, who even spoke against it, p. 1G3, sliews the indispensible necessity for such a 
 new model. "Some memheis of the house were sent to their generals to complain of 
 " their remissness. Tlie Earle of Mancliester was under a kind of accusation, the lord 
 " general in discontent. Waller not much otherwise, the forces not carefully ordered, 
 " and the parliament business in an unsettled condition, so that it was high time for 
 " some other course to be taken by them." Mr. Sprigge demonstrates this more fully. 
 He says, "■ Cromwell was absent in the west when the exemption was voted ; that he 
 " had come to V\'indsor over night to kiss the general's hand and take his leave on quit- 
 " ting the service, but the following morning, ere he came forth of his chamber, those 
 " commands, than which he thought of nothing less in all the world, came to him from 
 " the committee of bctli kingdoms, in obedience to which he immediately marcht 
 " away." And further, " that the house did this for their own happiness and that of 
 *' their general Fairfax." 
 
 Mrs. Hutchinson was sufficiently observant of Cromwell's artifices to have accused 
 him of it on this occasion, if he had deserved it.
 
 206 
 
 about it, which it was evident were put there to fire the house, but 
 for what reason, or by whom, was not discover 'd. 
 
 The governor hearing of some troopes of the enemie in the Vale, 
 had a design to goe thither, and acquainted the committee with it ; 
 telhno- them he would take out all the horse, and himselfe march 
 wdth the body, and leave a foote companie and thirty horse behind 
 him at the bridges, so as by that time he was marcht by Wiverton, 
 Avhich would give Shelford the alarum, the thirty horse, which were 
 more then Shelford had to send out, should face the liouse on that 
 side next Nottingham, and the foote should march a private way 
 through the closings," so that if Shelford horse or foote should come 
 forth against those thirty horse, the foote might get betweene them 
 and home, or take any advantage that was offer'd. All this the 
 committee very well approved, and so it was resolv'd to put it in ex- 
 ecution the next night after, because it would take some time to 
 provide horses for the musketeers. The governor coming out of the 
 committee, met Capt. White upon the parade in the castle-yard, 
 and acquainted him with the designe, Avho, with a delected coun- 
 tenance and a faynt voyce, pretended to approove it, but desired 
 the thirty horse who were to stay some howers behind, might be of 
 his troope ; to which the governor assented to gratifie his desire, 
 though he told him, he was very loath to spare any of that troope, 
 who were old souldiers and well accpiainted with the country ; but 
 he desir'd him the rest might not faile to be ready. The captaine 
 promis'd they should, and so departed. When the governor had 
 made ready all the horse and dragoones, and was himselfe iust ready 
 to march out with them, being at Coll. Thornhagh^s house. White 
 came in ; the governor, not doubting of his intention to goe, ask'd 
 him if his troope were ready ? He replied, " They were out upon 
 " service ; thirty," said he, " are gone by your consent, and the rest 
 
 " Closings, closes, fields, vulg. Notts, closen.
 
 207 
 
 " went to fetch in a mallignant at Ekering, some few odde ones re- 
 " maine, which you may have if you will." The governor desir'd 
 him to goe himselfe and assist him, the captaine desir'd to be ex- 
 cus'd, for " to what purpose should he goe when his troopc was not 
 " there ?" The governor went from thence to his owne lodgings, and 
 meeting the committee, acquainted them how White had serv'd him, 
 who seem'd to resent it very ill at that time ; and while they were 
 discoursing of it, White's officer came up Avith warrants to be sign'd 
 for hay for the quarters, which being offer'd the governor, he tore, 
 and say'd he would signe no warrants for such a disorderly troope, 
 as would doe no service but what they list, whose officers knew nei- 
 ther how to give nor obey commands. 
 
 Notwithstanding this discouragement, to want eighty of his best 
 men, the governor went out wilh the rest, and when he had drawne 
 them into the Trent Lanes, one of his spies came in with intelligence 
 that at a towne in the Vale, call'd Sierston, and another next it, 
 qall'd Elston, there was two hundred horse quarter'd, who being 
 come in weary and secure, might easily be surpriz'd that night. 
 The governor, calling the captaines together, imparted the intel- 
 ligence, and they were all forward to goe on in the designe, except 
 Captaine Pendock, who perswaded much against it ; but while they 
 were discoursing another intelligencer came in, to second the former, 
 whereupon the governor told the captaines, that if they would goe, 
 he was resolv'd to do something that night, and because Captaine 
 Pendock was best acquainted with that side of the country, he ap- 
 poynted him to lead on the forlorne hope, which accordingly he did, 
 but with such sloth and muttering, that in two or three miles riding, 
 the governor was forc'd to send up some officers to him, to hasten 
 him on ; neither was this from cowardize, but only humour and fac- 
 tion, for the man was stout enough when he had a mind to it, but 
 now he rid allong, muttering that it was to no purpose, and when 
 he came to Saxondale Gorse, })urposely lost himselfe and his for- 
 
 0. c.
 
 208 
 
 lorne hope ; Avhich the governor missing, was much troubled, fear- 
 ing that by some misadventure they might have bene enclos'd and 
 cutt of betweene the enemie's garrisons ; but Avhen they came to 
 Saxondale Lane, Pendock and his forlorne hope Avere found safe in 
 the reare of the body. The governor, perceiving Pendock's back- 
 Avardnesse, had sent out some parties, one troope under Captaine 
 Lieftenant Pahner, and another partie with Cornett Peirson, to 
 some neere townes, to execute some of the committee's warrants, in 
 fetchino- in dehnquents, when the cornett came back Avith an alarum 
 thai two or three hundred horse Avere quarter'd at Elston and Sier- 
 ston, Avhich he must either fight Avith or retreate. Capt. Pendock 
 was againe AvonderfuU unwilling to goe on, and say'd it Avould be 
 day before they should come there ; but the governor bade those 
 that Avould, follow him, for he Avould goe, and accordingly he Avent; 
 and Avhen he came to the towne, drew up his men at the tOAvne's 
 end in a body, from Avhich he sent in some parties, to fall into the 
 towne, himselfe staying Avith the body betweene them and NcAvark, 
 to defend them from any of the enemies that might have come upon 
 them:'' so they brought out tAVO captaine-lieftenants, some cornetts, 
 and other gentlemen of quallity, thirty troopers and many more 
 horses and amies ; Captaine Thimbleby absolutely refusing quarter 
 was kill'd. The governor sent into the towne to command all his 
 men immediately away ; but a lieftenant and cornett making not 
 hast to obey, Avhile they stay'd for some drinke, were surpriz'd by a 
 party that came from Newark, before the corporall the governor 
 had sent to fetch them of, Avas Avell out of the toAvne; but Avith those 
 he had taken, and all the booty, and many horses and beasts fetcht 
 
 y Whoever looks upon-the map, and observes the vicinity of these places to New- 
 ark, and their great distance from Nottingham, will see it to have been a service of 
 great delicacy and danger. It is mentioned cursorily by Whitelock, page 89; had it 
 been Sir John Geil, we should have had it better displayed.
 
 209 
 
 from mallignants in the enemies quarters, the governor came safe 
 home, to the greale discontent of Captaine White, who was some- 
 thing out of countenance at it. Tiiis may serve, instead of many 
 more, to shew how hard a task he had to carric on the service, with 
 such refractory mahitious persons under him. 
 
 About this time it liapned, that the engineer being by, Captaine 
 Pendock tooke occasion to raile at the towne-workes, and Hooper 
 making answers, which drew on rephes, Pendock strooke him, 
 whereupon the man angrie lay'd his hand upon his sword and halfe 
 drew it out, but thrust it in againe ; the maid ran affrighted into 
 the kitchen, where was one Henry Wandah, who presently call'd 
 some musketeers, disarm'd Mr. Hooper, and sent him prisoner to 
 the governor; who asking him upon what account he came so, he 
 told him he had no reason to accuse himself; if those that sent him 
 had aniething against him, he Avas readie to answer it. After the 
 governor had expected 'till about midnight and nothing came, he 
 sent for Wandall, and enquiring why and by Avhose authority he 
 committed Mr. Hooper prisoner ? He answered, " for drawing his 
 " sword, he, as an officer of the garrison, had sent him up." The 
 governor asked who made him an officer .'' and taking it upon him, 
 why he did not send up both parties, but only one in a quarrell .'' 
 and he being able to give no answer, but such as sliew'd it was done 
 out of mallice, the governor committed him for his insolency, who 
 being but a common souldier, presum'd to make an officer prisoner, 
 without rendering an account to the governor, and lett the other 
 engag'd in the quarrell go free. The next day after this, Plumtre 
 came to the Trent bridges, where being stopt, he sent up a passe 
 which he had procur'd him from my lord generall, to come and stay 
 in the towne during his owne pleasure ; which when the governor 
 saw, he sent him word, that in regard of my lord general's passe he 
 might stay at his owne house, but bade him take heed, as he Avould 
 answer it, that he meddled not to make any mutinie or commotion
 
 no 
 
 in the garrison : to which he sent an insolent rephe, that he was 
 olad the ffovcrnor was taught manners ; lie was come to towne for 
 some businesse, and when he had occasion he would repaire to the 
 committee. The committee, hearing this, were very sensible of his 
 insolent carriage, and drew up articles against him, which Avere 
 sign'd with six of their hands, and sent up to Mr. Millington to be 
 pieferr'd against him, in the house of parliament, and to be shew'd 
 to my lord generall, as the lieftenant-collonell should see occasion, 
 whom the governor sent immediatety to the generall, to acquaint 
 him the reason why Dr. Plumtre had bene forc'd to procure his passe 
 for his protection. The governor tooke this occasion to send to the 
 generall about his cannoneers, whom some dayes before he had 
 bene forc'd to confine as prisoners to their chamber 'till the generall's 
 pleasure could be known concerning them, for at the instigation of 
 Captaine Palmer, all the ministers in towne, and, to make the crie 
 the louder, certeine loose mallignant priests, which they had gotten 
 to ioync with them, had most violently urg'd, in a petition to the 
 committee, that these men might be turn'd out of the towne for 
 being separatists ; so that the governor was forc'd, against his will, 
 to confine them, to prevent mutiny, though they were otherwise 
 honest, obedient, and peacefull. After the lieftenant-collonell was 
 gone, with letters concerning these matters, to the generall, Plumtre 
 behav'd himselfe most insolently and mutinously, and he and Mason 
 entering into confederacy, had contriv'd some articles against the 
 governor, for committing Wandall ; but Avlien they tried and found 
 they could do no good with them. Mason came to the governor and 
 was most sawcily importunate for his release, Avhich, by reason of 
 the insolent manner of seeking it, the governor Avould not grant. 
 
 Tlie generall, upon the governor's letters, sent down a letter to 
 Plumtre, to discharge him the gamson, and another to the governor 
 to release the cannoneers ; which he accordingly did, to the satis- 
 faction of his owne conscience, Avhich Avas not satisfied in keeping
 
 211 
 
 men prisoners for llieir consciences, so long as they liv'd honestly 
 and inoft'ensively ; but it caus'd a greate mutinie in the priests 
 against him, and they blew up as many of their people as they 
 could, to ioyne in faction against the governor, not caring now 
 what men they enter'd into confederacy wiih, nor how disaffected to 
 the cause, so they were but bitter enough against the separatists ; 
 which the cunning mallignants perceiving, they now all became zea- 
 lotts, and laught in secrett, to see how they wrought these men to 
 mine their owne cause and champions. 
 
 Plumtre not taking notice of the generall's letters, the governor 
 sent him word he expected he should obey them and depart: Plum- 
 tre replied, his business was done, and he would goe; but in spight 
 of his teeth he would have a guard. The lieftenant-coUonell would 
 have put in the articles into the parliament, which the committee 
 had sent up against Plumtre ; but Mr. Millington pretending all 
 kindnesse and service to the governor, would needs undertake it, 
 and desired the lieftenant-collonell to trouble none of the governor's 
 friends, in any business he had to doe, but to leave it in his hands, 
 who would employ all his powers, and serve him with all vigilance 
 and faidifullnesse, against all persons Avhatsoever ; and whereas he 
 heard the governor had some thoughts of coming to London, he 
 wisht him not to trouble himselfe, but to charge him with aniething 
 he had to doe. Notwithstanding all this, the governor went to 
 London, having some occasions thither. A little before his going, 
 he and the rest of the committee had requir'd Mr. Salisbur}^ their 
 treasurer, to give in his accounts, which he either unwilling or un- 
 able to do, bent his utmost endeavours to rayse a high mutiny and 
 faction against the governor, and Capt. White was never backward 
 in any mischiefe ; these, with Plumtre and Mason, made a close 
 confederac}^ and call'd home Chadwick to their assistance, having 
 engag'd the persecuting priests and all their idolaters, upon an in- 
 sinuation of the governors favour to separatists. During Collonell
 
 212 
 
 Thornliagh's sickncsse, the governor undertooke the command of his 
 horse regiment, while it quarter'd in the garrison, and made the 
 men live orderly, and march out upon designes more frequently 
 then they us'd to doe when their collonell was well, upon whose 
 easinesse they prevail'd to do what they list, and some of them, who 
 were greate plunderers, were conniv'd at, which the governor would 
 by no means suffer : Avhefefore these men were, by the insinuations 
 of tlieir officers and the wicked part of the committee, drawne into 
 the faction, which was Avorking in secrett a while, and at last broke 
 into open prosecutions. They had determin'd that assoone as the 
 governor was gone. White, the devil's exquisite sollicitor, should 
 alsoe follow to London, but knew not how to doe for a pretence to 
 send him upon the publick purse ; when wickednesse, Avhich never 
 Avants long the opportunity it waits for, found one soone out, for 
 the committee of both kingdomes had sent a command for all the 
 horse in Nottingham, to repaire to Sr. John Meldrum in Lanca- 
 shii'e; the towne was putt upon a hasty petition that their horse 
 might not goe, and Capt. White must carrie it, who pretends to 
 have knowne nothing of it halfe an hower before, yet he was ready; 
 and Dr. Plumtre too prepar'd to make good his brags, and goe Avith 
 his convoy. Presently after he was gone, the engine of mischiefe 
 comes to towne, Coll. Chadwick, Avhom Mr. Salisbury receives Avith 
 greate ioy and exultance, boasting, to use his OAvne Avords, that 
 they should noAV mump the governor. At the maior of the town's 
 house, he Avas entertein'd with much Avine, Avhereof Mr. Ayscough, 
 a committee man, having taken a pretty large proportion, coming 
 that night to supper to the castle, told the lieftenant-collonell and 
 the governor's Avife, that he Avould advise them to acquaint the go- 
 vernor, there was mischiefe hatching against him, and that Chad- 
 wick Avas come to tOAvne, on purpose to effect it, Avhich though the 
 felloAv discover'd in his drinke, Avas true enough, and he himselfe 
 was one of the conspiring Avicked ones.
 
 213 
 
 To fortifie their party, in all hast, they endeavour'd to rayse a 
 new troope of dragoones, under one Will Hall, a debosht mallig- 
 nant fellow, and thereupon one of the governor's mortall enemies ; 
 but some of the honester townsmen perceiving the designe, and not 
 yet being seduc'd, would not rayse him any horse, so at that season 
 the troope was not rays'd. 
 
 And now Caplaine White came home, when it was observ'd that 
 after his returne, he would not allow the governor that name, but 
 only call'd him Coll. IJutchinson, and when any one elce term'd him 
 governor, would decline the acknowledgment of that name : then 
 caiolling his fellow horse officers and the troopers, they, through his 
 insinuations, everywhere began to detract from the governor, and 
 to magnifie Capt. White, and not only to derogate from the gover- 
 nor, but from all persons that Avere affected to him. Now Avas 
 there a petition draAvne up to be presented to the committee of both 
 kingdoms, desiring that Mr. Millington might be sent downe to 
 compose the differences which Avere in the garrison. The lieftenant- 
 collonell, and some others, refusing to signe it, Capt. White told 
 them it Avas a pretence, Avhich Mr. Millington desir'd the favour of 
 them, that they would make, to obteine leave for him to come 
 doAvne and visitt his wife and children, Avhom he had a lonoins: 
 desire to see, and kncAv not any other Avay to bring it about. The 
 gentlemen to gratify Mr. Millington sign'd it, and he himselfe at 
 London, Avith the same pretext, obtain'd the governor's hand to it, 
 Avhile the governor, deceiv'd by his high and faire professions of ser- 
 vice and kindnesse to him, never , entertain'd any suspition of his 
 integrity; and this Avas the greatest of the governor's defects, through 
 the candidnesse and sincerity of his OAvne nature, he Avas more un- 
 suspitious of others, and more credulous of faire pretenders, then 
 suited Avilh so greate a prudence, as he testified in all things elce. 
 Nothing awak'ned iealousie in him but grosse flattery, Avhich, Avhcn 
 he saw any one so servile as to make, he believ'd the soule that
 
 214 
 
 could descend to that basenesse, might be capable of falsehood , 
 but those who were cunning, attempted him not that way, but put 
 on a face of faire, honest, plaine friendship, with Avhich he was a 
 few times, but not often in his life, betrey'd. At Mr. Millington's 
 entreaty the governor releas'd Wandall, but would have prosecuted 
 tlie committee's petition against Plumtre, which Mr. Millington 
 most earnestly perswaded him not to doe, but desir'd that he Avould 
 permitt him to come and live quietly in his owne house, upon en- 
 gagement, that he should not rayse nor foment any mutiny nor fac- 
 tion in the garrison, or intermeddle Avith any of the affaires thereof. 
 The governor was easily wrought to assent to this alsoe, but Plumtre 
 refus'd to enter into such an engagement to quiet behaviour, and so, 
 for that time, came not to Towne. There was againe a new de- 
 signe against the garrison by the enemie discover'd, and a spie 
 taken, who own'd a souldier in the maior's companie that liad listed 
 himself on purpose to effect his mischiefc; but through carelesse 
 custody, the spie escap'd that day that the garrison were celebrating 
 their ioy for the greate victory at Yorke. Meanwhile the governor, 
 supposing Mr. Millington, as he profess'd himselfe, highly his friend 
 and his protector, complain'd to him of the mutinous carriage of the 
 liorse, and his disturbance and discouragement in the publick ser- 
 vice thereby, and desir'd him to get a resolution in the thing, 
 whereby his power and their duty might be defin'd, that he might 
 know wherein he was to command them in his garrison, and they to 
 obey him. Mr. Millington advis'd him to write a letter to him con- 
 cerning this, setting downe his owne apprehensions, what he was to 
 exact from them, and they to render him; which accordingly the 
 governor did, and left it with Millington, and return'd to his garri- 
 son. INIr. Millington told him, that he had shew'd the letter to the 
 committee of both kingdomes, avIio had given their opinion of it, 
 that he requir'd no more of them then he ought to have. Soonc 
 after the governor Mr. Millington came downe to Nottingham, with
 
 215 
 
 iustruclions from the commitlee of both kingdomes, to heare and, 
 if he could, compose the differences at Nottingham ; if not, to re- 
 port them to the committee of both kingdoms. Mr. IMilhngton, 
 coming downe with these, brought Plumtre as farre as Leicester 
 with him, and begg'd of the governor to permitt him to returne to 
 his house, engaging himselfe tliat he should not meddle with anie- 
 thing belonging to the garrison, nor come neere the castle nor any 
 of the forts: which engagement the governor received, and suffer'd 
 the man to come home ; and Millington, least the governor should 
 suspect his greate concerne in Dr. Plumtre, made strong professions 
 to him, that he desir'd his re-admission into the towne for nothing 
 but to be a snare to him; for he knew the turbulency and pride of 
 his spiritt such, that he would never be quiet ; but if, after this in- 
 dulgence, he shf)uld, as he believed he would, returne to his former 
 courses, he would be inexcusable in the eies of all men. Then Mr. 
 Millington desir'd the governor to draw up some heads, wherein he 
 conceiv'd his power to consist, Avhich he did, reducing allmost the 
 words of his commission into eight propositions, which when he 
 shew'd first to Mr. Millington, before the committee saw them, Mr. 
 Millington seem'd very well to approove of them, and protested 
 againe to the governor, the faithfullnesse of his heart to him, ex- 
 cusing his intimacy with his enemies, upon a zeale he had to doe 
 him service, by discovering their designes against him, and call'd 
 himselfe therein, Sr. Pollitick Woudbe : but the governor disliking 
 this double dealing, though it had bene with his enemies, desir'd 
 him rather to declare himselfe ingenuously as his conscience led 
 him, though it should be against him, and told him freely he liked 
 not this faire carriage to both. When the governor put in his pro- 
 positions to the committee, they desir'd each of them might have a 
 copy of them, and all a weeke's time to consider them ; at the end 
 of which, when the governor prest their answer, whether they as- 
 sented to them, or could obiect anicthing against them .'' they, with 
 
 2 H
 
 216 
 
 false flattering apologies to the governor, that if such command 
 were due to any man, they should rather the governor should em- 
 ploy it, then any person whatsoever, by reason of his unquestion'd 
 meritts ; but they conceiv'd that such a power given to a governor, 
 would not consist with that which belonged to a committee, where- 
 upon they produc'd a tedious, impertinent paper, in answer to the 
 governor's propositions; which, when the governor read over, he 
 flung b}^, saying it was a ridiculous senselesse piece of stufFe : some 
 of them taking exceptions, he should so contemne the committee's 
 paper; he replied, he knew not yet whose it Avas, not being sign'd 
 by any one, if any of them would owne it he desir'd them to sub- 
 scribe it, and then he should know what to say. Thereupon, the 
 next day, it was againe brought out, sign'd by Mr. Millington, 
 Chadwick, Salisbury, White, and the maior of the towne. The 
 summe of the paper not containing any exceptions against the go- 
 vernor himselfe, but against his power, and wholly denying that my 
 Lord Fairfax had power to make a governor, or conferre any such 
 power on him, as his commission imported ; the governor told them, 
 it no farther concern'd him, but only to acquaint my Lord Fairfax, 
 with whom he should leave it, to iustifie his owne commission, and 
 his authority to give one : but forasmuch as my lord was concern'd 
 in it, the gentlemen who had more respect for him disown'd it, and 
 these were the governor, the lieftenant-collonell, Mr. Pigott, Coll. 
 Thornhagh, Maior Ireton, Maior Widmerpoole, Capt. Lomax, and 
 Alderman James. Then the governor told them, how he had bene 
 jnform'd that this paper was of Chadwick's contrivance, and that 
 when Mr. Millington saw it, he hugg'd Chadwick in his armes, with 
 such congratulation, as is not to be imagin'd they could give, to a 
 fellow, of whom they had iustly entertain'd so vile an opinion, 
 and then before his face declar'd all their thoughts of indignation 
 and contempt, Avhich they had formerly exprcst of Coll. Chadwick, 
 whom he ask'd, with what face he could question my lord's autho-
 
 217 
 
 rit3> to make him governor, when he had formerly us'd such surrep- 
 titious cheates to obtaine it for himselfe, by the same authority? 
 and he askt the committee, how it came to passe, they now behev'd 
 my Lord Fairfax had not authority to make him governor, when 
 they themselves at first writt to him for the commission ? and to Mr. 
 Millington he said, he had dealt very unfaithfully to those that en- 
 trusted him to compose diiferences, which he had rather made then 
 found; and very treacherously with him, making himselfe a party 
 and the chiefe of his adversaries, when he pretended only to be a 
 reconciler. Having at full layd them open one to another, and de- 
 clar'd all their treachery, mallice, pride, and knavery, to their 
 faces, he went away, smiling at the confusion he had left them in ; 
 who had not vertue enough in their shame, to bring them back to 
 repentance, but having begun to persecute him, with their spite 
 and mallice, were resolv'd to carrie on their wicked designe, wherein 
 they had now a double encouragement to animate them, Mr. Mil- 
 lington's sheltring them in the parhament house, and obstructing all 
 redresse the governor should there seeke for, and the hopes of profitt 
 and advantage they might upon the change of things expect by the 
 garrison, if they could wrest it out of the governor's hands, either 
 by wearying him wdlh uniust vexations, or by watching some ad- 
 vantage against him, to procure the discharge of his office by the 
 parliament ; for they, knowing him to be impatient of affi'onts, and 
 of a high spiritt, thought to provoke him to passion, wherein some- 
 thing might fall out to give them advantages; but he, perceiving 
 their drift, shew'd them that he govern'd his anger, and suffered it 
 not to master him, and that he could make use of it to curb their 
 insolency, and yet avoid all excursions that might preiudice him- 
 selfe.'' When the governor undertook this employment, the parlia- 
 
 " To some the recital of these municipal broils may appear rather tedious, but 
 Whitelock's Memorials shew that these, and such like, in various parts of the king-
 
 218 
 
 menl's interest in those parts was so low, and the hazard so des- 
 perate, that these pittifull wretches, as well as the other faithfuU 
 hearted to the publiquc cause, courted him to accept and keepe the 
 place, and though their fowle spiritts hated the day-light of his more 
 vertuous conversation, yet were they willing enough to let him beare 
 the brunt of all the hazard and toyle of their defence, willinger to be 
 secur'd by his indefatigable industry and courage, then to render 
 him the iust acknowledgment of his good deserts. This ingratitude 
 did not at all abate his zeale for the publick service, for as he sought 
 not prayse, so he was well enough satisfied in doing well; yet 
 through their envious eyes, they tooke in a generall good esteeme of 
 him, and sin'd against their owne consciences in persecuting him, 
 whereof he had after acknowledgments and testimonies from many 
 of them. All the while of this contest, he was borne up by a good 
 and honorable party of the committee, and greater in number and 
 valine then the wicked ones, whom Mr. Millington's power in the 
 house only countenanc'd and animated to persue their mischiefes. 
 What it was that drew Mr. Millington into their confederacy was 
 afterwards apparent; they hir'd him with a subscription of losses, 
 for which they gave him publick faith double to what he really had 
 lost ; ^ and they off'er'd him a share of the governor's spoyles, if he 
 Mould helpe them to make him a prey, which would have bene 
 good booty to his meane family; for although the governor had 
 hitherto gott nothing but desperate hazard and vast expence, yet 
 now this garrison began to be in a more hopefull condition, by the 
 
 dom required the serious and frequent attention of the parliament. Most readers will 
 pity a man of Coll. Hutchinson's exalted mind for being compelled to cope with such 
 despicable adversaries, but they will derive some pleasure from observing the address 
 with which he foiled their insidious attacks. 
 
 * Of this custom of applying to the parliament for reparation or compensation, and 
 of its being granted generally at the expence of delinquents or cavaliers, there appear 
 many instances in Whitelock — no doubt many abuses crept in.
 
 219 
 
 late successe in the north. After Yorke was taken, the Earle of 
 Manchester marcht into onr parts, upon whose coming Bolsover 
 and Tickhill castles were dehver'd up to him, and Wclbeck, the 
 Earle of Newcastle's house, which was given into Coll. Thornhagh's 
 connnand, and much of the enemie's wealth, by that means, brought 
 into Nottingham: Winkfield manour, a strong garrison in Derby- 
 shire, was taken upon composition, and by this meanes, a rich and 
 large side of the country, was layd open to helpe maintaine the 
 garrison at Nottingham, and more hoped for by these gentlemen, 
 who were now as greedy to catch at the rewards of another's labovus, 
 as unable to meritt aniething themselves: but when the hopes of the 
 harvest of the whole country, had tempted them to begin their 
 wicked plotts, God seeming angrie at their ill use of mercy, caus'd 
 the Earle of Manchester to be call'd back into the south, when he 
 was going to have besieg'd Newark, and so that towne, with the 
 pettie garrisons at Wiyerton, Shelford, and Belvoyr, were still left 
 for further exercise to Nottingham. Yet the hopes these would in 
 time be gained, made these gentlemen prosecute their designe 
 against the governor, whose par tie the}^ endeavour'd with all sub- 
 tileties to weaken : and first attempted Coll. Thomhagh, who having 
 by his signaliz'd vallour arriv'd to a greate reputation, they thought 
 if they could gaine him, he would be their best leaver, to heave out 
 the governor, and that prop once remoov'd, they despair'd not to 
 make him contribute to his owne ruine ; for they had discover'd in 
 him a facillity of nature, apt to be deluded by faire pretences, and 
 more prone to suspect the kind plaine-dealing of his friends, then 
 the flattery of his enemies: but the governor, after they had dis- 
 play 'd themselves, by his vigilancy, prevented many of their malli- 
 tious designes, and among the rest that they had upon this gentle- 
 man. During his sicknesse the governor tooke care of his regiment, 
 and employ 'd the troopes that quarter'd in the garrison : but through 
 the wicked instigations of Captaine White, being very refractory,
 
 220 
 
 and the regiment often call'd out on field service, the governor sent 
 for a commission, and rays'd a troope of horse, which the heftenant- 
 colloneil commanded, and a troope of dragoones for the pecuUar 
 service of the garrison. These cunning sowers of sedition wrought, 
 upon this occasion, Coll. Thornhagh into a iealous behefe, that 
 Coll. Hutchinson was taking the advantage of his sicknesse, to worke 
 himselfe into his command. Coll. Thornhagh was griev'd at it, but 
 sa^'d nothing; but the governor discovering the thing, notwithstand- 
 ing his silence, Avhen the lieftenant-colonel went to London, pro- 
 cur'd a commission for Coll. Thornhagh to be, next under Sr. Thomas 
 Fairfax, commander in chiefe of all the parliament's horse in Not- 
 tinghamshire, at all times, which being brought to Coll. Thornhagh, 
 Avhen he knew nothing of it, clear'd him of that suspition. And 
 now, although they were more inclin'd to delude then openly to 
 opose Coll. Thornhagh, yet they having no exceptions against the 
 governor in his owne person, but against his authority, they were 
 forc'd to deny Coll. Thornhagh's command as well as the governor's, 
 they being both deriv'd from the same power. The horse captaines, 
 who were allur'd by faire colours of preferment, and indulg'd in 
 their plunder, which they hoped to doe with more freedom, if 
 Capt. White prevail'd, were more obedient to Capt. White and their 
 owne ambition, then to their coUonell or the lawes and customes of 
 warre. The committee hoped, by thus disputing the coUonell's 
 powers, under a fkce of parliament authority, to weary them out, 
 and make them cast up their commissions, when they had, by Mr. 
 Millington, blockt up the way of their complaint, so that they fear'd 
 not being turn'd out of the committee, for the abuse of that trust : 
 and perhaps they had succeeded, but that the governor scorn'd to 
 give up a good cause, either particular or publick, for want of cou- 
 rage to defend it among many difficulties; and then, although he 
 had many enemies, he had more friends, whom if he should desert, 
 they would be left to be crusht by these mallitious persons ; and
 
 221 
 
 more then all this, the country Avould be abandon'd into the hands 
 of persons, Avho would only make a prey of it, and not endeavour 
 its protection, liberty, or reall advantage, Avhich had bene his chiefe 
 ayme in all his undertakings. 
 
 The conspirators, as I may more iustly terme them, then the 
 committee, had sent Capt. White to Yorke, to my lord Fairfax, and 
 to get the governor's power defin'd, Avhich he understanding, the 
 next day went thither himselfe, and Mr. Pigott, who from the be- 
 ginning to the ending shew'd himselfe a most reall and generous 
 friend to the governor, and as cordiall to his country and the greate 
 cause, Avent allong Avith him, arriving a day after Capt. White. 
 When my lord gave them a hearing together, he asked Avhether the 
 governor had done aniething of consequence Avithout consulting the 
 committee, which White could not say he had; then he ask'd White 
 if he had any other misgovernment to accuse him of, Avhich AA'hen 
 White could not alledge against him, the governor before his face 
 told my lord all the businesse, Avhereupon White was dismissed Avith 
 reproofe and laughter, and letters Avere written to the committee, 
 to iustifie the governor's power, and to entreate them to forbeare 
 disturbing him in his command, and to Mr. Millington, to desire 
 him to come over to Yorke to my lord; both Avhich the governor 
 deliver'd, but Mr. Millington would not goe over, but, on the con- 
 trary, continued to foment and rayse up the factions in the toAvne 
 against the governor, and by his countenance the committee every 
 day meditated and practis'd ncAV provocations, to stirre up the go- 
 vernor to rage, or at least to weary him in his employment. The 
 horse, without his knoAvledge, they frequently sent abroad; pro- 
 tections, ticketts, and passes, they gave out; and, encroaching upon 
 his office in all things whatsoever, Avrought such a confusion in the 
 garrison that, Avhilc all men were distracted and amaz'd, in doubt 
 whose orders to obey, and Avho Avere their commanders, they obey'd 
 none, but every man did what he listed; and by that meanes the
 
 m'2 
 
 publick service was in all things obstructed and preiudic'd. The 
 governor, while the iniury was only to himselfe, bore it, but when 
 it extended allmost to the destruction of the garrison, he was forc'd 
 to endeavour a remedy. For about tliis time it hap'ned that Salis- 
 bury, being treasurer, had given base termes and willfull delayes to 
 the souldiers who were assign'd their pay, when the mony was ready 
 for them in the treasury; and when this base carriage of his had 
 provok'd them to a mutinie, the governor Avas sent for to appease it, 
 which he did; but comming to the committee, told them he would 
 no longer endure this usage of theirs, to have all things of power, 
 honor, and command, wrested out of his hands, and all things of 
 difficulty and danger put upon him; while they purposely stirr'd up 
 occasions of rigor and punishment, and then expected he should be 
 the executioner of it, by which he perceiv'd they did these things 
 only with designe to render him contemptible and odious to all per- 
 sons. Not lono; after a command came for all the horse that could 
 be spar'd in the garrison to goe to Sr. John Meldrum, to the reliefe 
 of Montgomery-castle. The governor went to the committee to 
 consult what troopes should march, and they voted none. The go- 
 vernor told them, he conceiv'd when a command was given, they 
 were to obey without dispute, and that he came to advize with them 
 what troopes should be sent forth, not whether any or noe; there- 
 fore althovigh they voted disobedience of the command, that would 
 not discharge him, especially the service being of greate conse- 
 quence, and the troopes lying here without other employment: 
 wherefore at night he summoned a councell of Avarre, and there all- 
 most all the captaines, having no mind to march so farre from 
 home, declar'd they conceiv'd themselves to be under the command 
 of the committee, and would only obey their orders. Upon this 
 the governor went to the committee and desir'd them that, in regard 
 unanswerable things Avere done, the publick service neglected, and 
 all the transactions of the garrison confused, they would unite Avith
 
 him in a petition to the parliament, to define their severall powers ; 
 and in the meane time either quietly to let him execute his duty, 
 or elce to take all upon them and discharge him. They presently 
 made a motion, that he would call a muster, and put it to all the 
 souldiers, whether they would be govern'd by the committee or the 
 governor. The governor told them his command was not elective, 
 but of right belonged to him, and this way Avas only the next occa- 
 sion to cause a mutiny, which he could not consent to. But they 
 persisting in their course, he came againe to them and desir'd they 
 would at length surcease these affronts in his command, and their 
 underminings, whereby they endeavour'd to alienate men's hearts 
 from him, and to rayse faction against him by close unworthy prac- 
 tises : so after much debate it was on all hands agreed, that they 
 should not at all intermeddle with aniething belonging to the soul- 
 diery, nor interrupt the governor in his command, till the house of 
 parliament should decide it, and that the governor and Capt. White 
 should both goe to London, to procure a speedy determination of 
 the powers in a faire and open way. This they all faithfully pro- 
 mised the governor, and made many hipocriticall professions to lum, 
 some of them with teares; whereupon he, who Avas of the most re- 
 concileable nature in the world, accepted their faire pretences, and 
 went to drinke friendly with them in token of kindnesse. Yet was 
 all this but hipocrisie and falsehood, for even at that A^ery time 
 they Avearied many of the governor's officers out of the garrison by 
 the continued mallice Avherewith they persecuted all that had any 
 respect for him. Among these was Mr. Hooper the engineer, a man 
 A^ery faithfuU to the cause and very honest, but withall rough, Avho 
 having to doe with hatefull businesses, Avas made odious to the 
 common people, the priests too having a particular spite at him, as 
 one they esteem'd a leader of the separatists ; yet he Avas very in- 
 genious and industrious in his office, and most faithfull as well to 
 the governor himselfe as to the publick service. The committee, to 
 
 2 I
 
 224 
 
 insinuate themselves with the common people, regarded him with 
 an evill eie, and so discourag'd him, that being ofi'er'd much better 
 preferment, and invited by Coll. Cromwell into olher parts, he ac- 
 quainted the governor with it, oftering withall that, if he might yet 
 be protected from affronts in his employment, he would stay and 
 serve the governor for halfe the salary offer'd elce where. But the 
 governor, although he were very sorry to part Avith him, and the 
 service would much misse him, yet being so much iniur'd himselfe, 
 could not undertake the protection of any of his officers, and there- 
 fore would not hinder his preferment, but suffer'd him to goe to 
 Cromwell. Such Avas the en vie of the committee to him, that iust 
 as he was going, that very day, they not willing to let him depart 
 in peace, although they knew he had iustly expended all the mony 
 he had receiv'd of them, yet they call'd for an account, from the 
 beginning of his employment, which they had often seene in par- 
 cells, but believing he could not so readily give it them alltogether, 
 they then demanded it. He immediately brought it forth, and gott 
 by it twelve shillings due to him upon the foote thereof, which he 
 intended not to have ask'd them, but receiving it upon the exhibi- 
 tion of his account, went away smiling at their mallice; which yett 
 would not let him go soe, for then Henry Wandall came with a pe- 
 tition to the governor, that he would vindicate the honor of the 
 Earle of Essex against Mr. Hooper, whom he accus'd to have 
 spoken words against him, and done actions to his dishonor. The 
 governor knowing this Avas but mallice, accepted security for him, 
 which was offer'd by Mr. Pigott and Maior AVatson, that he should 
 answer Avhat could be obiected against him at any councell of warre 
 he should be call'd to.*" 
 
 *" This Mr. Hooper was undoubtedly a person of singular abilities. Mr. Sprigge, 
 in his Anglia Rediviva, mentions him as serving Sir Thomas Fairfax at the siege of 
 Oxford and other places as engineer extraordinary, and greatly expediting all his
 
 225 
 
 Wednesday, Sep. the 25, 1644, Capt. While went to London, to 
 solhcite the committee's businesse against the governor, for they 
 were intended to putt it upon a faire debate, as was promis'd. The 
 next day the governor commanded Capt. Barrett's troope to convoy 
 him towards London, but iust as he was going to horse, the com- 
 mittee, contrary to their engagements, not to meddle with any mil- 
 litary affaires, commanded them another way, and soe he was forc'd 
 to goe Avithout a convoy, although the captaine was afforded a 
 whole troope to waite on him. 
 
 Two or three dayes before the governor went, Chadwick came 
 privately to the governor's brother and told him, that his conscience 
 would not suffer him to conceale the mallitious designes, and that 
 treachery, which he now discover'd to be in these men's oppositions 
 of the governor, and, with many insinuations, told him they were 
 framing articles against the governor, whereof he gave him a copie, 
 which the governor carried to London widi him, and shew'd the 
 lieftenant-collonell the originalls in Mason's and Plumptre's owne 
 hand writings. Three dayes after the governor. Coll. Thornhagh 
 went to London. That day the governor went, one of the presby- 
 terian ministers, whose name was Goodall, preacht the lecture at 
 the greate church, with many invectives against governors and arbi- 
 trary power, so plainely hinting at the governor that all the church 
 well understood it; but for the committee, he gloz'd with them, and 
 told them he had nothing to say to them, but to goe on in the good 
 way they went. Some months after, this poore man preaching at a 
 living the committee had put him into, was taken by the enemie, 
 and much deiected at it, because he could not hope the governor 
 
 enterprizes, the rapidity and number of which were surprizing : he was at the siege 
 of Ragland-castle, the last garrison that surrendered ; he came again to Nottingham 
 during Coll. Hutchinson's government, and, by the list of tlie ganisoa in Deering's 
 Nottingham, appears to have continued with Capt. Poulton.
 
 226 
 
 would exchange him, after his unworthy pulpitt rayhngs at hiin, 
 but the governor, who hated poore revenges, when his enemie and 
 one of his friends were both in the same prison, and he had but 
 one exchange readie, first procur'd the minister's release, and let 
 his owne officer stay for the next exchange. Whereupon the man 
 comming home, Avas struck with rcmorce, and beg'd the governor's 
 pardon, with rcall acknowledgements both to himselfe and others of 
 his sin, in supporting faction against the governor; who was told 
 that on his death-bed, for he died before the gamson was dissolv'd, 
 he exprest to some of the governor's friends his trouble for having 
 bene his enemie. But not only to him, but to many others of his 
 enemies, the governor upon sundry occasions, when they fell into 
 his power to have requited their mischiefes, instead of A^engeance 
 render'd them benefitts, so that at last his own friends would tell 
 him, if they could in iustice and conscience forsake him, they would 
 become his adversaries, for that was the next way to engage him to 
 obligations; but although his friends, who had greater animosities 
 against his uniust persecutors than he himselfe, Avould say these 
 things in anger at his clemency, his nature was as full of kind gra- 
 titude to his friends as free from base revenges upon enemies, wha 
 either fell down to him by their owne iust remorce, or were cast under 
 his power by God's iust providence. 
 
 Assoone as the governor was gone, the committee tooke alt 
 power upon them, and had the impudence to command the lief- 
 tenant-collonell, who was deputy governor, and absolute in his bro- 
 ther's absence, to draw out his troope: he went to them and told 
 them he was sorrie they broke their agreement, but he could not 
 breake his trust of his brother's authority to obey them. Then they 
 feign'd a pretence and turn'd out the governor's quarter master, who 
 by the governor's appoyntment had quartcr'd souldicrs at an ale- 
 house ]\Ir. Millington had given a protection to, that they should 
 quarter none, upon the account of some relation they had to him.
 
 227 
 
 Avho married one of the daughters of the place. This occasioning 
 some dispute, Cooke the quarter master had utter d some words, for 
 which they sent for him and cast out greate threats, how they would 
 punish him, Avhich frighted his Avife, big with child, in that manner 
 that her child died within her, and her owne life was in greate 
 hazard. The conmiittee then call'd a hall, and caus'd the towns- 
 men to bring in horses for dragoones, whereof they voted a regiment 
 to be lays'd, Chadwick to be the coUonell, and Hall and Selby to 
 be captaines under him. They tooke upon them to command the 
 souldiers, and made horrible confusion, by which they often put the 
 garrison in greate danger, if the enemie had knowne their advan- 
 tage. Among the rest, one night after the guards were sett, the 
 captaine of the guard, missing the deputy governor to receive the 
 word from him, gave them the same word they had before, till he 
 had found out the governor to receive a new one. Mr. Millington 
 comming by, lialfe fluster'd, would have had the captaine take a 
 word from him, which Avhen the captaine refused, he being angrie, 
 commanded Captaine Mason's drums to beate, and sett a double 
 guard. The lieftenant-coUonell hearing the drums, and having no 
 notice of this command, sent to Mason to command him to forbeare 
 drawing any men to the guard, but Mason would not obey him. 
 Besides this, they did a thousand such like things, to provoke him 
 to give them some colour of complaint, or some advantage against 
 him and his brother, for the carrj'ing on of a wicked designe, which 
 they were secretly managing to destroy them; but God, by a won- 
 derful providence, brought it to light. 
 
 Their conspiracy was to accuse die collonell and his brother as 
 persons that had betrey'd the towne and castle, and were ready to 
 surrender them to the enemie, which they would pretend to have 
 discover'd, and to have prevented their treachery, by a surprize of 
 the lieftenant-collonell, the castle and the bridges, and all the offi- 
 cers that Avere faithfull to the governor and his friends. Because
 
 228 
 
 they had not force in towne who would act this villainy, they sent 
 to Sr. John Gell, in whom they had a greate interest, and a man 
 likely enough to promote their Avickednesse, had they even ac- 
 quainted him with it, as black as it was in the cursed forge of their 
 own hearts; but to carric their businesse closely, they sent to tell 
 him they had cause of suspition that the lieftenant-collonell was false 
 to his trust, and would deliver the castle to the enemie, to prevent 
 which they dcsir'd him to assist them with some men and ammuni- 
 tion; which ammunition was very secretly convey 'd into the towne, 
 and the men were ready to march, and quarters taken up for them 
 in Nottingham. The lieftenant-collonell dreamt nothing of the mis- 
 chiefe that was hatching against him, Avhen, iust at the very time of 
 the execution, there came into Nottingham two gentlemen, whom 
 the parliament employ 'd to carrie intelligences betweene the north 
 and the south, and who us'd to meete at this towne. 
 
 Mr. Fleetwood, who came from the south, came immediately up 
 to the castle, and there was familiarly and kindly treated, as he used 
 to be, by the lieftenant-collonell. This was upon a Saturday night, 
 in the month of October. Mr. Marsh, his correspondent, that came 
 from the north, passing through Derby, was caution'd so by Sr. John 
 Gell, that he durst not come up to the castle, but on the Lord's day 
 sent for Mr. Fleetwood to meete him in the towne, who comming 
 to him, he told him what information he had receiv'd from Sr. John 
 Gell, and for that reason durst not trust himselfe in the castle. 
 Mr. Fleetwood undertaking for his safety, brought him up to the 
 lieftenant-collonell, and he finding the untruth of their forgeries, 
 told the lieftenant-collonell all the machinations against him; where- 
 upon, on the Munday morning, he went away to London, and sent 
 Mr. Millington word that having understood the suspition they had 
 of him, he was gone to London, where, if they had aniething to ac- 
 cuse him of, they might send after, him, and he should be ready to 
 answer it, and in his absence had left Capt. Lomax governor of the
 
 229 
 
 garrison. The committee, very much confounded that their wicked- 
 nesse was come to hght, resolv'd to outface the thing, and denied 
 that they had sent to Derby for any men. They sayd indeed it was 
 true, that having formerly lent Sr. John Gell some pouder, they had 
 sent for that back; but this was not all, for they had alsoe per- 
 swaded the master of the magazine that was in the castle to convey, 
 unknowne to the lieftenant-collonell, two barrels of pouder, with 
 match and bullett suitable, to such place as Chadwick should direct. 
 This he, not dreaming of their evil intention, had condescended to, 
 and sent them to Salisburie's house, but assoone as the lieftenant- 
 collonell was gone they tooke what care they could to shuffle up 
 this businesse, and presently dispatcht Capt. Palmer to London and 
 Lieft. Chadwick to Derby, where he so wrought with Sr. John Gell 
 that he brought back a counterfeit letter, pretended to have bene 
 all that was sent from the committee of Nottingham to him, and 
 another of Sr. John Cell's writing, Avherein he disown'd all that 
 Mr. Marsh had related of his information; but God, who Avould 
 not let them be hid, had so order'd that while matters were thus 
 huddling up at Derby, Sr. John Cell's brother came by chance to 
 Nottingham, and affirm'd that the committee of Nottingham had 
 sent to his brother for three hundred men, to surprize Nottingham- 
 castle, which when the committee heard, they sent Capt. Pendock 
 after him the next day to charme him, that he might no more dis- 
 cover the truth in that particular. Alsoe that very day that these 
 intentions of theirs Avere thus providentially brought to light, one of 
 Sr. John Cell's captaines was knowne to be in towne, whom Sr. John 
 had sent to discover the state of things, and the new quarter-master 
 had bene all that day taking billett for souldiers in severall houses 
 in the toAvne. 
 
 When the goA-ernor came to London, the committee of both 
 kingdomes had appoynted a sub-committee to heare his businesse, 
 whereof young Sr. Henry Vane had the chaire, Mr. William Pierre-
 
 230 
 
 pont, Mr, Sollicitor St. John, Mr. Recorder, and two of the Scotch 
 commissioners, were nominated for the committee; before whom 
 the governor's propositions and the committee's answers had bene 
 read, and when their soUcitor, Captaine White, saw they were likely 
 to be cast out as frivolous, he produc'd some articles, which they 
 had formed against the governor, lieflenant collonell, and Mr. 
 Pigott, but they proov'd as frivolous as the other, and the gentle- 
 men answer'd them soe clearely that they appear'd to be forg'd out 
 of mallice and envy, only to cause delayes, there being scarce anie- 
 thing of moment in them, if they had bene true, whereas they were 
 all false: and novi after they had trod downe the fence of shame, 
 and impudently began with articles ; there was not the least ridi- 
 culous imperlinency that pass'd at Nottingham, but they put it into 
 a scrip of paper and presented it as an additionall article to the 
 committee ; to each of whom parlicularly Mr. Millington had 
 written letters, and given them such false impressions of the gover- 
 nor, and so prcposscss'd them against him, that was a stranger to 
 them all, that they look'd upon him very coldly and slightly, when 
 he made particular addresses to them : but he, that scom'd to be 
 discourag'd with any men's disregard, from whom he had more rea- 
 son to have expected all caresses and thankcfull acknowledge- 
 ments of his unwearied fidellity and good services, resolv'd to 
 persue his owne vindication through all their frownes and cold re- 
 pulses : these he met with more from Mr. William Pierrcpont 
 then from any of the rest, till Mr. Pierrepont perceiv'd the inius- 
 tice of their prosecution, and then there was no person in the world 
 that could demeanc himsclfe with more iustice, honor, and kinde- 
 nesse then he did to the governor, whose iniuries became first ap- 
 parent to him, when the lieftenant-collonell came and told his bro- 
 ther what combinations had bene discover'd against him at Notting- 
 ham, which the governor resenting with great indignation, com- 
 plain'd of it to the committee. The Sollicitor White impudently 
 denied the whole matter, or that ever the committee at Nottingham
 
 231 
 
 had had the least suspition of the governor or his brother, or the 
 least ground of any. Wlien this had bene with stiffnesse and impu- 
 dence enough outfac'd before the committee, Mr. Pierrepont, then 
 fully convinc'd of their devillish mallice, puU'd a letter out of his 
 pockett, wherein Mr. Millington made this suggestion to him against 
 the governor and his brother, and desir'd that he might be arm'd 
 with power to prevent and suppresse them. This would have made 
 others asham'd, but their soUicitor was notwithstanding impudent 
 and rudely pressing upon the committee, avIio though they were 
 persons of honor, and after they discover' d the governor's innocence, 
 not forward to oppresse him, yet as they were statesmen, so were 
 they not so ready to relieve him as they ought to have bene, because 
 they could not doe it without a high reflection upon one of their 
 owne members, who encouraged all those little men in their wicked 
 persecution of him. They were such exquisite rogues, that all the 
 while some of them betrey'd one another to the governor, and told 
 him, under pretence of honesty and conscience, the bottome of their 
 whole designes, shew'd the fowll originall draughls of their articles, 
 in the men's owne hands that contriv'd them ; and told him how not 
 so much dislike of him, as covetousnesse and ambition to advance 
 themselves upon his mines, engag'd them thus against him, and 
 made them contrive that villainy to accuse him and his brother of 
 treachery, and to have seiz'd their garrisons, under that pretence, 
 and gotten them to be made prisoners; and then Mr. Millington 
 undertooke to have lodg'd their petitions so in the parliament, that 
 they should never have bene heard and reliev'd. Coll. Thornhagh 
 too was to be wrought out of his command, and they had divided 
 the spoyle before they caught the lions. Millington's sonne was de- 
 sign'd to be governor of the castle ; the ten pounds awceke allow'd 
 for the governor's table, so many of the committee-men were to 
 share by fortie shillings a man ; Chadwick was to be collonell of the 
 towne regiment, and Mason maior ; White collonell of the horse 
 
 2 K
 
 232 
 
 regiment, and Palmer, the priest, .his niaior ; and all the governor's 
 friends lo be turn'd out, and their places dispos'd to creatures of 
 theirs, who, drawne on with these hopes, Avere very active to worke 
 the governor and his party out of the opinion of all men. They for- 
 golt the publick interest in this private quarrell, taking in all the 
 mallignant and debosht people that would ioyne with them, to de- 
 stroy the governor whom they hated for his unmoved fidellity in his 
 trust, and his severe restriction of lewdnesse and vice : but because 
 he protected and favour'd godly men that were sober, although they 
 separated from the publick assemblies, this open'd Avide the mouths 
 of all the priests and all their idolaters, and they Avere Avilling enough 
 to lett the children of hell crie out Avith them to make the loAvder 
 noyse, and as Ave have since scene the whole cause and party ruin'd 
 by the same practise, so at that time the zealotts for God and the 
 parliament turn'd all the hate they had to the enemies of both, and 
 call'd them to assist in executing their mallice upon the faithfull ser- 
 vant and generous champion of the Lord's and his country's iust 
 cause. And noAv the name of Cavallier Avas no more remember'd, 
 Castillian being the tcrme of reproach with which they branded all 
 the gOA'^ernor's friends, and lamentable it Avas to behold hoAv those 
 Avretched men fell aAvay under this temptation, not only from pub- 
 lick-spiritednesse, but from sobriety and honest morall conversation; 
 not only conniving at and permitting the Avickednesse of others, but 
 themselves conversing in taverns and brothells, till at last Millington 
 and White Avere so ensnar'd that they married a couple of alehouse 
 Avenches, to their open shame and the conviction of the Avhole coun- 
 try of the vaine lives they led, and some reflection on the parliament 
 itselfe, as much as the miscarriage of a member could cast on it, 
 Avhen Millington, a man of sixty, professing religion, and having 
 but lately buried a religious matronly gentlcAVoman, should goe to 
 an alehouse to take a flirtish girle of sixteen ; yett by these noble 
 alliances, they much strengthen'd their faction with all the Aaine
 
 233 
 
 drunken rogues in the towne against the governor. Now their first 
 plott had, by God's providence, bene detected, they fell upon 
 others, and sett on instruments every where, to insinuale all the lies 
 they could, that might render the governor odious to the towne and 
 to the horse of the garrison, Avhora they dcsir'd to stirre up to peli- 
 tion against him, but could not find any considerable number that 
 would freely doe it; therefore the}' us'd all the strong motives they 
 could, and told them the governor sought to exercise an arbitrary 
 power over them, and to have all their booties at his owne dispose, 
 and other such like things, by which aL length they prevail'd with 
 many of Coll. Thornhagh's regiment to subscribe a petition that they 
 might be under the command of the committee, and not of any other 
 person in the garrison. This petition was sent up by Captaine Pal- 
 mer, and he meeting Mr. Pigott at Westminster Hall, Mr. Pigott, 
 in private discourse with him, began to bcAvaile the scandalous con- 
 versation of certaine persons of the committee, hoping that he, 
 being familliar with them, might be a means to perswade them to 
 reformation. 
 
 After this the governor. Coll. Thornhagh, Mr, Pigott, and some 
 other, being in a taverne at Westminster, where they din'd, Capt. 
 Palmer came to the doore, and they bade him come in. Upon dis- 
 course, the governor pull'd out of his pockett the articles which the 
 committee had put in against him, shew'd them Captaine Palmer, 
 and ask'd him whither he thought it possible that he should, after 
 all his toyles and services, have bene articled against for such things. 
 Palmer, who had bene from the beginning with the governor and 
 knew the falsehood of these accusations, profess'd he Avas amaz'd at 
 them, and that he had not till then heard aniething of them. Con- 
 tinuing in further discourse, the governor mention'd an unchristian- 
 like sermon, which Mr, Goodall had preacht with invectives against 
 him, in his absence : Palmer undertooke the iustification of it, with 
 such sawcy provocations, that the governor told him, if it had not
 
 234 
 
 bene more in respect to his black coate then his grey, he would 
 have beaten him out of the roome, which for his owne safety, he 
 adviz'd him to leave: so he went out very angrie, and going to Capt. 
 ^Vhile, told him how Mr. Pigott call'd him a whoremaster, Mr. Mil- 
 lington a drunkard, and Chadwick a knave. White, meeting Mr. 
 Pigott in the hall, chaJleng'd him of these scandalls. Mr. Pigott, 
 seeing Palmer not farre oH', led White to him, and told him he 
 knew that person had bene his informer, repeating all he had say'd 
 to him, and added, that it was in a desire of their reformation, but 
 he Avould maintaine that all the things he spoke were true. Palmer 
 further, in his rage, putts into the committee a paper of reasons, 
 why he desir'd to be exempted from being under the governor, 
 whereof one was, that he had cowardl}^ and unhandsomely behav'd 
 himselfe in an occasion when Palmer's troope marcht out with him 
 to Elston. The governor sent a copie of this paper downe to Pal- 
 mer's ovne troope, and the lieftenant, coronett, and all the troopers, 
 sent up a certificate, under their hands, of the falsehood of their 
 captaine's accusation. After this Palmer came into the garrison, 
 and made a grievous exclamation all over the towne against the 
 governor and Mr. Pigott for traducing the ministers, Mr. Miliington, 
 and the committee ; adding a false report, that the governor had 
 throwne a trencher at his head ; and abusing the pulpitt to per- 
 swade the people to vindicate them: among other things, he misap- 
 plied a place in Nehemiah, where Nehemiah says, " I eate not the 
 " governor's bread, because the feare of the Lord was upon me," to 
 the governor ; that his accepting a publick table, was a mark of the 
 want of the feare of God : and many other such mallitious wrcstings 
 of scripture, did he and his fellow priests at that time practise. The 
 committee of Nottingham, on their side, taking this occasion, call'd 
 a publick hall in the towne, Avhere two orations were made by Mr. 
 Miliington and Coll. Chadwick. Miliington began with a large enu- 
 meration of Chad wick's worthy actions, (known to no man), where-
 
 Q35 
 
 by he merited honor of all men, especially of this towne ; and then 
 mentioning his ovvne good sei^vices for the towne, told them how un- 
 gratefully they were repay 'd by Mr. Pigott, with the scandalous 
 aspersion of drunkards and knaves ; and that their singular affec- 
 tions and endeavours for the good of the towne, had expos'd them 
 to this calumny, wherefore they desir'd the tov/ne to ioyne in their 
 iustitication. Chadwick made iust such another speech, and bolh 
 of them seem'd to passe by their owne particular, and only to desire 
 the other's iustification ; Chadwick, in his speech, saying that Mr. 
 Pigott's abuse of Mr. Millington did not only asperse the committee, 
 but even the parliament itselfe. Captaine Lomax, then deputy 
 governor of the ganison, after they had spoken, stood up, and ad- 
 vised the townesmen that they should forbeare to entangle them- 
 selves in things they understood not, adding that Mr. Pigott and the 
 gentlemen at London were persons of such honor and prudence, 
 that they would maintaine whatever they had spoken of any man. 
 Hereupon Capt. Mason, and two mallignant townsmen of his soul- 
 diers, began to mutiny, with high insolence, and to lay violent 
 hands on him to thrust him out of the hall, giving him most re- 
 proachful! terms ; but the man being very stout, quieted them, and 
 would not depart till the hall broke up. After this, w^ithout ac- 
 quainting the deputy governor, they summon'd another hall ; but 
 Lomax seeing their inclination to mutiny forbade it. Then, at ten 
 of the clock at night, they gott a common councell together, at Mr. 
 Salisbury his house, and there Mr. ]\Iillington againe desired they 
 would iojme in the vindication of himselfe, the ministers, and the 
 committee, and gott about eight of them to subscribe a blank paper. 
 Then the committee, with certeine instruments of theirs, appoynted 
 rounds to walke the towne, perswading some, and threatning others, 
 to sett their hands to a petition, which none of them that subscribed 
 it knew what it was, but they told them it was for the good of the 
 towne.
 
 236 
 
 All this while these pettic committee fellows had carried them- 
 selves as absolute governors, and Plumtre was now their intimate 
 favourite, and began to vapour that he would have the castle pull'd 
 doAvne to re-erect the church, and the fort at the bridges tlnowne 
 downe, and all the arms and souldiers brought into the townc. 
 
 But at London, the governor being growne into acquaintance 
 with the gentlemen of the sub-committee, that were to heare his 
 businesse, and they perceiving with how much wicked mallice he 
 Avas prosecuted, Sr. Henry Vane was so honorable as to give him 
 advice to putt his businesse in such a way, as might take aAvay all 
 colour from his enemies ; Avhereupon he put in some propositions to 
 the commitlee of both kingdomes, for the composure of these dif- 
 ferences, AV'herein he was willing to decline all things of his owne 
 right, which might be done without preiudice to the publick service, 
 and to passe by all the iniuries that had bene done him ; which con- 
 discension gave such satisfaction, that forthwith the whole businesse 
 was determin'd at the committee of both kingdomes, and the gover- 
 nor sent back to his charge, with instructions drawne up for all 
 parties, and letters Avritten to the officers and souldiers, both of 
 horse and foote, to be obedient ; and likewise letters to the maior 
 of the towne and the committee. The governor returning, Avord Avas 
 brought to Nottingham, that on Friday night he lay at Leicester, 
 Avhereupon the committee, avIio had heard the determination of 
 things above, gott them ready to be gone, but the souldiers having 
 notice thereof, Avent to the deputy-governor and entreated him to 
 stop the treasurer ; Avhereupon he and the maior of the regiment 
 went to them, and entreated them to stay till the governor came, 
 but to see Avhat instructions he brought Avith him, from the powers 
 above : but Avhen they Avould not be persAvaded fairely, then the 
 deputy peremptorily forbad the treasurer, as he Avould ansAver it, 
 not to goe. But he refusing to obey, the deputy told him he sliould 
 passe on his SAvord's poyut if he Avent, and accordingly Avent doAvne
 
 237 
 
 to sett guards at the Trent bridges ; which being told them, tliey 
 made hast and fled out at the other end of the towne. Milhn<Tton, 
 Chadwick, Ayscough, SaHsbur}', and IMason, (whom they had 
 gotten added to the committee to encrease their faction), were the 
 committee men, who tooke ^vilh them their new marshall and an- 
 other of their created officers, Pahner, two more priests, and a 
 towne captaine. The governor was met on the way homewards by 
 some of his officers, and told with what ioy his garrison and regi- 
 ment were preparing to entertaine him, in all expressions tliey could 
 possibly make by volleyes of cannon and muskelts, and ringing of 
 bells, and all such declarations as us'd to be made in a publick and 
 universall reioycing ; but the governor, fearing his enemies might 
 not beare such testimonies of love to him, without griefe, sent into 
 the towne to desire them to forbeare their kind intentions of oivina; 
 him so lowd a wcllcome. When he was now neere the towne, an- 
 other messenger came to acquaint him, that all those who Avould 
 have bene griev'd at his ioyfull entertainment were fled, and that 
 those who remain'd would be much griev'd, if he should not be 
 pleas'd to give them leave to receive him with such demonstrations 
 of their ioy as they could make. He now permitted them to doe 
 what they pleas'd, which leave being obtein'd, every one strove to 
 declare his gladnesse, with all imaginable expressions of love and 
 honor, and all the solemnities the time and place would afford. 
 The governor on his side receiv'd them with a cheerefull oblieoino; 
 curtesie to all, and a large bounty to his loving souldiers, who made 
 that day as greate a festivall, as if themselves and their families had 
 bene redeem'd from captivity. The maior of the towne, with his 
 brethren in their scarletts, mett him, and told him, if he had bene 
 guilt}'' of aniething preiudicial to him, he was exceeding sorrie for 
 it, for he infinitely honor'd him, and all his errors had bene through 
 ignorance or misinformation, which he should be most ready to re- 
 payre. That evening White came home pining Avith spite and envie
 
 238 
 
 at the governor and the gentlemen tliat ioyn'd with him, viz. Coll. 
 Thornhagh, Mr. Pigott, Lieftenant-collonell Hutchinson, Maior Wid- 
 merpoole, Capt. Lomax, and Alderman James: for as to the maior 
 of the towne, notwithstanding his faire professions publickly to the 
 governor. White had the same night againe turn'd about that wea- 
 thercocke. 
 
 The next day the governor and the committee with him sent a 
 connnand to all the horse in towne to march to the assistance of 
 Derby and Leicester, to forlifie a house call'd Cole-orton, which not 
 being taken notice of, the governor and Coll. Thornhagh summon'd 
 all the horse officers, and declar'd to them the orders of the com- 
 mittee of both kingdoms, to which they chearefully promis'd obedi- 
 ence; but White being sent for among them, insolently refus'd to 
 come up to the castle, and bade the governor come downe to him, 
 to the committee's chamber; yet upon second thoughts he came up, 
 and the governor tooke no notice for that time. Munday the go- 
 vernor sent to the maior to call a hall, but the maior entreated him 
 to forbeare till they saw whither the committee-men that ran away 
 would come back, and that he might goe with Capt. White to per- 
 swade them; both which the governor assented to: but the men 
 would not returne, but went from Derby to London. Then the go- 
 vernor call'd a generall musler, and read to them the instructions he 
 had brought from the committee of both kingdoms, with which all 
 men were exceeding well pleas'cl. But Captaine White all this while 
 would not deliver the letters he had to the committee and the maior 
 of Nottingham. 
 
 Some few days after word was brought the governor that the 
 new dragoones were come for ammunition, to march out upon some 
 designe he was not acquainted with, whereupon he sent to the 
 guards at the bridges not to suffer them to passe without his tickett. 
 Lnniediately after White came allong with them, and being denied 
 to passe, gave the guards such provocative language that they were
 
 239 
 
 forc'd to send for the governor. He came downe and found White 
 in higli ragCj who gave him all the vile terms and opprobrious lan- 
 guage he could invent, to provoke him to some anger upon which 
 he might have taken his advantage: but the governor only laught 
 at his Ibgue," and would not lett him goe till he shcAv'd a warrant 
 from the councell of warre at London, and then he permitted him, 
 after White had told him that he would not be commanded by him, 
 and a thousand such mutinous speeches. As he went towards Lon- 
 don he mett the horse coming home from Cole-orton, whom he told 
 such lies of the governor's usage of him, that they were frighted fronx 
 coming into the garrison, but that Coll. Thornhagh prevailed with 
 them to lake his engagement, that the governor should give them no 
 ill usage. So they came back, and that \veeke their collonell fell 
 into the enemie's quarters with them and tooke eight}'^ horse, two 
 horse colours, a maior and some other officers. The bridge troope 
 alsoe met with Coll. Stanhope, governor of Shelford," Avho had two 
 parties, each as many as they; his, where himselfe was, they routed, 
 and he ran away, while the other party charg'd them in the reare, 
 upon whom they turned, routed and chased them out of the field, 
 tooke Lieftenant-collonell Stanhope and his ensigne, and many other 
 prisoners, with many horse and arms. In the absence of the go- 
 vernor and his brother, the committee had done all they could to 
 discourage and dissipate this troope, and would neither give them 
 money nor provisions, yet, upon hopes of their captaine's returne, 
 
 '' French — Foiigue. 
 '^ Heie, viz. in the end of the year 1644, Shelfovd clearly appears to be a garrison 
 for the king; yet Whitelock, p. 96, says that in July 1644, Lord Grey of Groby and 
 Sir John Gell had the thanks of the parliament for taking it: this is an evident inac- 
 curacy of Whitelock's, or a very successful puff of Sir John's. To put it out of doubt, 
 Sprigge, in his AngliaRediviva, counts it among the king's garrisons. May 1645; and 
 Col. Hutchinson, supported by Rossiter, took it in person and by storm a year after 
 that. 
 
 2 I.
 
 240 
 
 they kept themselves together, and when the governor came home 
 lie rccruiled them. 
 
 The committee of both kingdoms had sent downe at this time 
 an order for all the horse of Nottingham and Derbyshires to ioyne 
 with three regiments of Yorkshire and quarter about Newark, to 
 streighten the enemie there, and accordingly they rendezvouz'd at 
 Mansfield, and from thence marcht to Thurgarton, where Sr. Roger 
 Cooper had fortified his house, and lin'd the hedges with musketeers, 
 who as the troopes past by shott and kill'd one Capt. Heywood. 
 Hereupon Coll. Thornhagh sent to the governor, and desir'd to bor- 
 row some foote to take the house. The governor accordingly lent 
 him three companies, who tooke the house, and Sr. Roger Cooper 
 and his brother, and forty men, in it, who Avere sent prisoners to 
 Nottingham, where, although Sr. Roger Cooper was in greate dread 
 to be put into the governor's hands, whom he had provok'd before 
 upon a private occasion, yett he receiv'd such a civill treatment 
 from him, that he seem'd to be much moov'd and melted with it. 
 The foote had done all the service, and run all the hazard, in taking 
 the house, yet the booty was all given to the horse: tliis they had 
 very iust reason to resent, but notwithstanding they marcht allong 
 with them to Southwell, and there were most sadly neglected, and 
 put upon keeping outguards for the horse, and had no provisions, 
 but the governor was forc'd to send them some out of his garrison, 
 or elce they had bene left to horrible distresse. Hereupon they sent 
 to the governor to desire they might come home, but upon Coll. 
 Thornhagh's entreaty, and engagement that they should be better 
 us'd, the governor was content to lett them stay a little longer, till 
 more horse came up, which were sent for out of Yorkshire. In the 
 meane time those who were there already did nothing but harrasse 
 the poorc country, and the horse officers were so negligent of their 
 owne duty, and so remissc in the government of their souldiers, that 
 the service was infinitely preiudic'd, and the poorc country mise-
 
 241 
 
 rably distrcss'd. The Nottingham horse, being in their owne coun- 
 try, and having their famelies in and about Nottingham, were more 
 guilty of straghng then any of the rest, and Captaine White's whole 
 troope having presum'd to lie away one night when they should have 
 bene upon the guard, the Newarkers beate up our quarters, and 
 tooke allmost two whole troopes of that regiment. White's lief- 
 tenant, without any leave from the collonell, thereupon posted up 
 to London, and contriv'd a complaint against the governor, to make 
 him appearc guilty of this disorder: but soone after Newark gave 
 them another alarum, and the parliament horse made so slender an 
 appearance that the officers, thereupon consulting in a coimcell of 
 warre, concluded that the designe Avas not to be prosecuted without 
 more force, and for the present broke up their quarters. 
 
 The committee men that ranne away when the governor return'd 
 had taken the treasurer away with them, and left neither any mon}'', 
 nor so much as the rent rolls whereby the governor could be in- 
 structed where to fetch in any,** but by the prudence and interest 
 of himselfe and his friends, he procur'd a month's pay for the foote, 
 and twenty shillings a man for the horse," as soone as he came 
 home, and recruited all the stores, which the committee had pur- 
 posely wasted in his absence, and fetcht in a small stock of pouder 
 they had lay'd in at Salisburie's house. While he was thus indus- 
 
 •^ Rent rolls of sequestered or forfeited estates. 
 
 ^ One out of many instances of Col. Hutchinson's generous devotion to the cause, 
 which brought on liim that load of debt so oppressive to him in the reverse of affairs. 
 In p. 623 and 624 of Rushvvorth, Thornhagh's Nottinghamshire horse state that they 
 had served five j^ears, and received barely six shillings a week in all ; and that there 
 was 40j000/. due to them. Judge from these two corps. Col. Hutchinson's being- 
 twelve hundred infantry, and two or three troops of dragoons, Thornhagh's about six 
 hundred horse, what was the general state of the army as to pay! Mr. Sprigge might 
 well say of the troops as he does, " it was not their pay that pacified them, for had 
 " they not had more civility than money, things had not been so fairly managed."
 
 242 
 
 triously setting things in order, which they had contbunded, they at 
 London were as maUitiously active to make more confusion. They 
 contriv'd many false and frivolous articles and petitions against him, 
 and proceeded to that degree of impudence in desiring alterations, 
 and casting reflections upon the sub-committee itselfe, that they 
 grew weary of them. Mr. Pierrepont and Sr. H. Vane being now 
 taken notice of as leaders of the Independent faction,' when those 
 gentlemen out of mere iustice and honor discountenanc'd their envy 
 and mallice, they applied themselves to the Presbyterian faction, 
 and insinuating to tiiem that the iustice of those gentlemen was 
 parti all ity to the governor, because he was a protector of the now 
 hated separatists, they prevail'd to have Sr. Philip Stapleton and 
 Sr. Gilbert Garrett, two fierce presbyterians, added to the sub-com- 
 mittee, to ballance the other faction, and found this wicked inven- 
 tion not a little advantageous to them: yet Mr. Hollis, who was a 
 person of honour, did not complie with their factious spirits, but 
 gave the governor all iust assistance against their mallice which lay 
 in his power." But they quitting all modestie, and pressing the 
 committee with false affirmations and forgeries, that all men would 
 lay downe their arms if the governor were not remoov'd, at lengtli 
 they prevail'd, that he was the second time sent for to London to 
 iustify himselfe against them. In that blank, to which they had by 
 fraud and threats procur'd so many hands, they writt a petition, 
 alledging that the governor was so generally detested, that if lie 
 Avere not remoov'd all men would fling downe their arms, and the 
 subscriptions they thus abus'd were those they procur'd to vindicate 
 
 ' Probably it was the experience these two excellent politicians had of Col. Hutcli- 
 inson's abilities and integrity on this trial which induced them afterwards to take him 
 for their associate. 
 
 s Mrs. Hutchinson, who in other places speaks with much disapprobation of Mr. 
 Hollis, here most candidly gives him his due.
 
 243 
 
 'My. Millington. Salisbury and one Silvester had, for their owne 
 profitt, gotten a commission to sett on foote the excise in the county, 
 and ioyn'd wilh them one Shervvin. These two were such pragma- 
 ticall knaves that they iustly became odious to all men, and all- 
 lliough necessity might excuse the tax in other places, yet here it 
 was such a burthen that no man of any honesty or conscience could 
 have acted in it. For when plundering troopes kill'd all the poore 
 countriemen's shecpe and swine, and other provisions, whereby 
 many honest famclies Avere ruin'd and beggar'd, these unmcrciluU 
 people would force excise out of them for those very goods which 
 the other had robb'd them of, insomuch that the religious souldiers 
 sayd they would starve before they would be employed in forcing it, 
 or take any of it for their pay. The governor, being enclin'd in 
 conscience to assist the poore country, was very active in his endea- 
 vours to relieve them from this oppression, which his enemies highly 
 urg'd in their articles against him. These excisemen came very 
 pressingly to urge the governor to enforce the payment of it in the 
 towne; he told them before he Avould use compulsion he would trie 
 faire meanes, and call a hall to see whether the townsmen would 
 be perswaded, which accordingly he did: but when the day came 
 the excisemen came to the governor and advis'd him to take a 
 strong guard with him, telling him that the butchers had bene whet- 
 ting their knives, and intended mischiefe, and had cast out many 
 words, intimating a dangerous designe. The governor told them he 
 should not augment his usuall guard, and could feare nothing, hav- 
 ing no intent to doe aniething that might provoke them to mutiny. 
 They went againe to the men and told them the governor intended 
 to come with many armed men, to corapeli them to pay it: where- 
 upon when he came to the hall he found but a very slender appear- 
 ance, yet those who Avere there Avcre all fully rcsolv'd not to pay it; 
 but the governor wrought with them to represent their reasons, in 
 an humble manner, to the committee of both kingdoms, and that
 
 244 
 
 there should be a fuller meeting to that purpose the next weeke, 
 and that in the meane time both parties should forbeare any private 
 addresses in this matter. To this the excisemen agreed, yet not- 
 withstanding the governor tooke a whole packett of their letters go- 
 ins: to London, which when he discover'd, he alsoe writt to his 
 friends in London on behalfe of the garrison. The next weeke, at 
 a full meeting, a petition was sign'd, which the governor ofter'd the 
 towne to have carried, being himselfe to goe up, but they in a 
 complement refus'd to give him the trouble, pitching upon Capt. 
 Coates and the towne-clearke to goe up with it. They accordingly 
 Avent, about the time that, after seven weekes' stay in the garrison, 
 the governor was call'd againe up to London to iustifie himselfe 
 against the mallitious clamours of his adversaries. When Capt. 
 Coates and the other came to London they applied themselves to 
 Mr. Millington, who perceiving that the governor stood for the ease 
 of the garrison, putt them into a way to frustrate their owne de- 
 signes, and so they return'd home, and at the sessions, rend'ring 
 the towne an account of their negotiations, they told them they 
 found it an impossible thing to get the excise taken of; yett the go- 
 vernor knew a way how to ease them, but they fear'd he Avould be 
 discouraged in it, because at his comming up he had found their 
 disaffections expresst against him in a petition to cast him out of 
 his command, " Avhich," sayd the clearke, " you cannot doe, for he 
 " still is and must be governor; therefore if any of you have bene 
 " cheated of your hands, contrary to your intentions and desires, 
 " you would doe well to testify your honesty, by disclaiming Avhat 
 " goes under your name." Soone after these mallignants stirr'd up 
 the souldiers to mutiny, and there being no governor in the gar- 
 rison that could tell how to order them otherwise, they were ap- 
 peas'd with niony; upon Avhich occasion a generall muster being 
 called, the maior told the souldiers how they were iniured at Lon- 
 don by a petition, preferr'd in the name of the whole garrison, to
 
 245 
 
 cast the governor out of his command, which if it were not their 
 desire, he wislit them' to cerlifie the contrary. They all with one 
 voyce cried, they desir'd no other governor: whereupon a certificate 
 to that purpose was drawne up; but Avhen it came to be subscrib'd, 
 certeine of the committee faction Avent up and downe perswading 
 the companies not to subscribe, and when they found how little 
 they prevailed, they foamed for anger, with such mallitious rayling, 
 that one of the governor's souldiers, not able to beare them longer, 
 cried out, " Why do we suffer these fellows to vapour thus? let's 
 " clout them out of the field:" but the maior hearing it, committed 
 him; and the next morning the certificate went up, subscrib'd with 
 seven hundred townsmen's hands. After all was done, the maior 
 gave some small summe to the souldiers to drinke, and the mal- 
 litious faction, when they saw they could not hinder this certificate, 
 made another false one of their owne, that the maior had with 
 crownes apiece hired all these subscriptions, Avith other such like 
 lies, which Avhen they could not make good, 'tis sayd they retracted 
 their certificate at London. 
 
 The committee at London could never finish the businesse by 
 reason of the impertinent clamors of the governor's enemies, there- 
 fore at length, Avearied Avith the continuall endlesse papers they had 
 dayly brought in, they made an order, Avherein they assign'd a 
 certeine day for the determination of the poAver, and in the mcane 
 time commanded all matter of crimination on both sides should be 
 forborne. At the day they both appear'd, but Mr. Millington pre- 
 sented a petition of a most insolent nature, and fresh articles against 
 the governor, Avhich gave the conunittee much distast. The peti- 
 tion was, that whereas the committee had kept them ten Aveekes at 
 greate charges, they desir'd a speedy dispatch now, according to 
 their propositions. The connnittcc Avere much offended at this, and 
 told them they did them much iuiury to lay their stay upon them, 
 who fiA^e Aveckes before desir'd them to returne, and only leave a
 
 246 
 
 sollicitor for each, and then they refus'd it; that they had broken 
 their first orders, and given no satisfaction for it, and now alsoe 
 their last, in bringing in articles against the governor. They tooke 
 it very ill that they, who Avere plaintiffs,, should prescribe to them, 
 who were iudges, how to determine the businesse; wherefore they 
 order 'd that the governor should returne and persue his first in- 
 structions, till he receiv'd new ones, and that the businesse should 
 be reported to the hovise. The governor sent his brother downe to 
 take care of the garrison, and stay'd himselfe to receive the finall 
 determination of the house, where Mr. Millington, through his in- 
 terest, kept of the report, by several tricks and uniust delayes, about 
 three or foure months. 
 
 * 
 
 When the lieftenant-colloncU came downe the captaines were 
 Avonderfull obedient, and all things pretty quiet, but the governor's 
 othcers were discourag'd at the countenance which was given his 
 enemies, and the impunilie of all the crimes of that faction. He 
 having a certeine spiritt of government, in an extraordinary man- 
 ner, which was not given to others, carrying an awe in his presence 
 that his enemies could not withstand, the garrison was much disor- 
 der'd by his absence, and in dayly perill, although the lieftenant- 
 collonell was as faithfull and industrious in managino; that charge 
 as any person could be, and as excellent a person, but in a different 
 way from his brother. Firmnesse and zeale to the cause and per- 
 sonall vallour he had equall, but that vigour of soule which made 
 him invincible against all assaults, and overcame all difficulties he 
 mett in his way, was proper to himselfe alone. The lieftenant- 
 coUonell was a man of the kindest heart and the most humble fa- 
 milliar deportment in the world, and liv'd with all his sovddiers as 
 if they had bene his brothers, dispencing with that reverence which 
 was due to him, and living chearefull and merry, and familliai" with 
 them, in such a mamier that they celebrated him, and professt the 
 highest love in the Avorld, and Avould magnific his humillily and
 
 247 
 
 kindnesse, and him for it, in a high degree above his brotlier; but 
 with all this they grew so presumptuous that, when any obedience 
 was exacted beyond their humors or apprehensions, they would 
 often dare to faile in their duly; whereas the governor, still keepino- 
 a greater distance, though with no more pride, prcserv'd an awe 
 that made him to be equally fear'd and lov'd, and though they se- 
 cretly repin'd at their subiection, yet durst they not refuse it; and, 
 when they came to render it on greate occasions, they found such 
 wisedome and such advantage in all his dictates that, their reason 
 being convinc'd of the benefitt of his government, they delighted in 
 It, and accounted it a happiness to be under his command, when 
 any publick necessity superseded the mutiny of those private lusts, 
 whereby all men naturally, but especially vulgar spiritts, would cast 
 of their bridle, and be their owne only rulers. "" 
 
 As the governor's absence was the occasion of many neglects in 
 the government, not by his brother's fault, but the souldiers, who 
 wanting of their pay (which while the committee should have bene 
 providing, they were spending it in vexatious prosecutions of the 
 governor), and therefore discontented, and through that carelesse 
 of their duty; soe, on the other side, the cavaliers, who were not 
 ignorant of the dissentions in the garrison, tooke the advantage, 
 and surpriz'd the lieftenant-collonell's fort at the Trent bridges, while 
 he was employ'd in keeping the castle. His souldiers in his absence 
 13'ing out of their quarters, had not left above thirty men upon the 
 guard, who were most of them kill'd, the ensigne fighting it out 
 very stoutly, after their entrance, till he died. The lieftenant-col- 
 lonell was exceedingly aflicted with this losse, but presently applied 
 himselfe to secure what remain'd. The whole towne was in a sad 
 
 '■ The delineation of characters Mrs. Hutchinson remarkably excels in. Nothing 
 can be more amiable than she here paints Mr. George Hutchinson, and the character 
 she here gives iiim lie will be found to sustain with increased esteem to the end of thr 
 history. 
 
 2 M
 
 248 
 
 uproaie, and this happ'ning upon a Lord's day in the morning, in 
 May 1645, all the people were in such a consternation that they 
 could keepe no sabbath that day. Then the lieftcnant-collonell had 
 an experiment of vulgar spiritts, for even his owne souldiers, who 
 were guilty of tlie losse of the place by being out of their quarters, 
 began to exclaime against him for a thousand causelesse things; 
 and although he labour'd amongst them with as much courage and 
 vigour as any man could use, to settle their spiritts and regaine 
 the place, yet they slighted him most uniustly, and all cried out 
 now to have the oovernor sent for, as if he hiraselfe had bene their 
 castle. 
 
 Immediately after the unhappie surprize of the bridges the 
 licftenant-collonell sent awa}^ to his brother a post, who by some of 
 the lower fords got over the water, and carried his sad newe? to 
 London. A trumpett was sent to the bridges and oblein'd the dead 
 bodies of the souldiers who were slaine at the surprize, and they 
 were brought up to the towne in carts and buried. There was about 
 twenty of them, very good- and stout men, though it avail'd them 
 not in their last need, when a multitude had seiz'd ihem unawares. 
 All that day a body of the enemie fac'd the tonne, which, through 
 terrors without and discouragements and discontents witUui, was in 
 a very sad posture. The mallignant faction against the governor 
 improved even this occasion, and suggested to the towne that the 
 castle would be the cause of their ruine; that the governor and his 
 souldiers would secure themselves there, and leave the towne unde- 
 fended; and because the lieftenant-collonell was very strict that 
 none of the castle souldiers should lie out of their quarters, least 
 that place might be surpriz'd as well as the other, the tOAvnsmen 
 r-enew'd their raylings against the castle, and their mallice to all that 
 were in it, but the heftenant-collonell, regarding none of their uniust 
 raylings, by God's blessing upon his vigilance, kept the towne and 
 castle till his brother's returne.
 
 249 
 
 Assoone as the newes came to the governor at London, he 
 thought it time to throw of that patience Avith which he had 
 hitherto waited at g«eale expence, and went to the parhament house 
 before the house sate, and there acquainted the speaker what Avas 
 befallen at Nottingham, desireing he might be called to make a 
 relation 6f it in'the open house, or elce told the speaker though he 
 died for it, he Avould presse in and lett them knoAv, how much the 
 cause sufFer'd by the indirect practises, which were partially con- 
 niv'd at in some of their members. The speaker seeing him so re- 
 solv'd, procur'd him, Avhen the house Avas sett, to be call'd in; and 
 there he told them, how their fort Avas lost, and, for ought he kncAV, 
 the garrison, by that time, Avhich Avas no more than Avhat he had 
 long expected, through the countenance that was, by one of their 
 members, given to a mallignant faction, that obstructed all the 
 publick service, disturb'd all the honest souldiers and officers in 
 their duty, and spent the publick treasury, to carrie on their pri- 
 vate mallice. He further told them, how dishonorable, as well as 
 destructive to their cause, it was, that their members should be pro- 
 tected in such uniust prosecutions, and should make the privelledge 
 of the house their shelter to oppresse the most active and faithfull 
 of their servants. This and many other things he told them, Avilh 
 such boldnesse, that many of the guilty members had a mind to 
 have committed him, but with such truth and convincing reason, 
 that all those of more generous spiritts, Avere much moov'd by it, 
 and angrie that he had bene so iniuriously treated, and desir'd him 
 to take post downe and to use all meanes to regaine the place, and 
 gave him full orders to execute his charge Avithout disturbance. 
 From that time Mr. Millington so lost his creditt, that he never 
 recover'd the esteeme he formerly had among them ; and after that 
 time, the governor's enemies perceiving they Avere not able to 'mate 
 
 ■ Mate, conquer; Fr. matter, an expression taken from the game of Chess.
 
 ^250 
 
 him, made no more piiblick altempts, lliough ihey continued that 
 private mallice, Avhich was the naturall product of that antipathic 
 there was, betweene his vertues and their vices." Neither was it his 
 case only; alhnost all the parliament garrisons were infested and 
 disturl)'d with like factious little people, insomuch that many worthy 
 gentlemen were wearied out of their commands, and opprest by a 
 certeine meane sort of people in the house, whom to distinguish 
 from the more honorable gentlemen, they call'd Worsted Stocking 
 Men. Some as violently curb'd their committees, as the connnittees 
 factiousl}^ molested them.' Nor was the faction only in })articular 
 garrisons, but the parliament house itselfe began to fall into tlie two 
 greate oppositions, of Presbytery and Independency : and, as if dis- 
 cord had infected the whole English ayre with an epidcmicall heart- 
 burning and dissention in all places, even the king's councells and 
 garrisons were as factiously devided. The king's connnissioners 
 and the governor at Newark fell into such high discontents, that 
 Sr. Richard Biron, the governor, was changed, and Sr. Richard 
 Willis putt into his place."" This accident of the bridges put an end 
 to that vexatious persecution wherewith the governor had had many 
 sore exercises of his wisedome, patience, and courage, and many 
 experiences of God's mercy and goodnesse, supporting him in all 
 his trialls, and bearing him up against all discouragements, not only 
 
 ^ It must almost have exhausted the patience of the reader, and certainly have 
 excited his highest indignation to follow tlirough ail tlieir mazes the crafty and atro- 
 cious persecutors of Col. Hutchinson ; at the same time tiiat it must have been a great 
 consolation to him to see integrity supported by discretion thus work out its own pre- 
 servation. We may now congratulate him on emerging from these mists and intrica- 
 cies, and tuiding himself in open field and day-light, where the colonel's nobler virtues 
 can display themselves. 
 
 ' These were but the natural consequences of a state of revolution. Did these 
 worsted-stocking men hear no likeness to the Jacobins of modern days? 
 
 ■" Ttie same who afterwards became a spy for Cromwell ; a bad substitute for the 
 loyal Biron ! '
 
 ^25] 
 
 lo stand willioul the least deiection himselfe, but to be able to hold 
 u]) many others, who were readie to sinke under the burthen of un- 
 righteousnesse and oppression, where they expected iust ihankes and 
 rewards. It cost the governor above three hundred jiounds to de- 
 fend himseh'e against their calumnies, renewed forgeries, and scan- 
 dalls, lay'd upon him ; but God was with him in all in a wonderful! 
 manner, bringing truth to light through all the clowds of envie, that 
 sought to obscure it, and making his innocence and uprightnesse to 
 shine forth as the noone-day, iustifying him even in the eies of his 
 enemies, and covering them with shame and confusion of face. 
 They maintain'd their prosecution of him out of the publick stock, 
 and were not call'd to account for so mis-spending it. Mr. Milling- 
 ton perceiving how much he had lost himselfe by it, applied him- 
 selfe to seeke a reconcihation by flattering letters, and professions of 
 conviction and repentance of his uniust siding with those men. The 
 governor, who was of a most reconcileable nature, forgave him, 
 and ever after lived in good friendship with him/ Others of them 
 alsoe afterwards, when they saw the governor out of their power, 
 some through feare, and others overcome with his goodnesse, sub- 
 mitted to him, who liv'd to see the end of them all, part of them 
 dying before any disgrace or greate sorrowes oveitooke him, and 
 those who surviv'd, renouncing and apostatizing from their most 
 glorious engagements, and becoming guilty of those crimes for 
 which they falsely accused him, while he remained firme, and dying 
 seal'd up the profession of his life; in all die future difficulties of 
 which, he was still borne up with the experience of God's goodnesse 
 and manifold protections. 
 
 " As Mr. Millington will figure no more in this history, the reader is here informed 
 that he finished his career, after becoming one of the judges who sentenced Ciiarles 
 the First, by coming in upon proclamation, making a pitiful recantation, and being 
 sentenced to perpetual imprisonment.
 
 -252 
 
 The governor being dismist from the parhament, immediately 
 tooke post, and coming through Northampton, mett his old ongiheer 
 Hooper, and brought him Avith him to Nottingham, where, by God's 
 mercy, he arriv'd sate about three dayes ai'ler the losse of the 
 bridoes, and was wellcom'd, as if safety and victory and all desire- 
 able blessino^s had come in his traine. His presence reinforc'd the 
 drooping garrison, and he immediately consulted how to goe about 
 reo-aining the fort. To this purpose, and to hinder the enemie from 
 having an inlett into the towne by the bridges, he made a little fort 
 on the next bridge, and putt a lieftenant and thirty men into it, 
 thereby enclosing those in the fort the enemie liad surpriz'd, whom 
 he resolv'd to assault on the towne side, having thus provided that 
 their friends should not come from the other side ° to helpe them. 
 But those of Newark understanding this, came as strong as they 
 could one morning and assaulted the little new fort, where the Lief- 
 tenant Hall, failing of that courage which he had profess'd when he 
 begg'd the honor of keeping it, gave it up, which the governor 
 seeing on the other side, was exceedingly vext, and marcht up to 
 the bridge to assault them in that fort, but found that they had only 
 storm'd the other little fort to make their owne way to be gone, and 
 that they had made shift to get to their friends upon the ribbs of 
 two broken arches, which, when they had serv'd to helpe their pas- 
 sage, they pull'd up, to hinder persuite after them : and thus in a 
 month's space God restor'd to the governor the fort which was lost 
 in his absence, and he new fortified the place, and repair'd the 
 bridges, whereby the greate markett out of the vale was againe 
 brought into the towne, to their exceeding ioy and benefitt. 
 
 To understand this riglitly it is necessary to be informed that in approaching 
 Nottingham from tlie south there is a very wide valley, throngh which the Trent 
 and the Lene run in several branches, over which are bridges united by a cause- 
 way.
 
 ^255 
 
 Tliis summer there was another kind of progresse made in the 
 Avarrc tlien had bene before, and the new parhament armie prose- 
 cuting it so much in earnest, that they made a shew to block up the 
 king in his maiae garrison at Oxford, he breakes out, and ioyning 
 with Prince Rupert's horse, came, after severall attempts other- 
 where, to Leicester, which he tooke by storme. The losse of this 
 towne was a greale afliction and terror to all the neighbouring gar- 
 risons and countries, whereupon Fairfax closely attended the king's 
 motions, came within a few dayes and fought with the king, and 
 overcame him in that memorable battle at Naseby, where his coach 
 and cabinett of letters were taken; which letters being carried to 
 London were printed, and manifested his falsehood, when, contrary' 
 to his professions, he had endeavour'd to bring in Danes and Lor- 
 rainers, and Irish rebells, to subdue the good people here, and given 
 liimselfe up to be govern'd by the qucene in all atfaires both of state 
 and reli:2:ion.'' After tiiis fight Fairfax tooke againe the towne of 
 Leicester, and went into the west, reliev'd Taunton, tooke Bristoll, 
 and many other garrisons. West Chester alsoe and other places were 
 taken that way. Meanwhile the king, having coasted about the 
 coua tries, came at last to Newark, and there his commanders falling 
 out among themselves, he changed the governor, and putt the lord 
 Bellasis into the place, and went himselfe to Oxford, where he was 
 at last block'd up. 
 
 When Sr. Thomas Fairfax was made chiefe generall, Poyntz was 
 made maior-generall of the northernc counties, and a committee of 
 
 p The public is in possession of these, they having been printed by the parliament, 
 which some have thought a hardship, but surely without reason. It is useless here to 
 discuss the ciiiestion as to v\'hai help it was allowable for the king to call in, but it is 
 out of all question that the discovery of that bitterness with which he was inclined to 
 pursue the quarrel, and the fianduloncy with whicli he had managed treaties^ and 
 shewed that he meant to do others, cut up by the roots both compassion and confi- 
 dence.
 
 254 
 
 warre was set up at Yorke, whereof Coll. Pierrepont, by his brother's 
 procurement, was appoynted one, and pretty well satisfied, as think- 
 ing himselfe againc sett above Coll. Hutchinson, because all the 
 northerne garrisons were to receive orders from that committee : but 
 the governor, heeding not other men's exaltations or depressions, 
 only attended his owne dutie. About the latter end of this summer 
 Poyntz came to Nottingham with all the horse that could be ga- 
 ther d in the neighbouring counties. He had before marcht with 
 them and the Nottingham regiment in Cheshire, and brought seve- 
 rall gentlemen prisoners into the garrison of Nottingham, who had 
 bene taken in divers encounters. When he marcht out. Palmer the 
 priest, not daring to venture himselfe in the field, layd downe his 
 commission, when he saw that there was now no connivance to be 
 found at disobeying commands. 
 
 By reason of the rout at Naseby, and the surrender of Carlisle 
 to the Scotts, and severall other garrisons, the broken forces of the 
 cavaliers had all repayr'd to Newark, and that was now become the 
 strongest and best fortified garrison the king had, and Poyntz was 
 order'd to quarter his horse about it, till the Scotts should come 
 on the other side and besiege it. At that time alsoe the king him- 
 selfe was there.'' The governor having inform'd Poyntz how pre- 
 iudiciall it would be to his designe to suffer those little garrisons in 
 the vale at Shelford and Wiverton to remaine, it was agreed that all 
 the forces should take them in their way. But the governor having 
 obtein'd permission of Poyntz, through a respect he had to the fa- 
 mely, sent to Coll. Phillip Stanhope, governor of Shelford, a letter 
 to persuade him to surrender the place he could not hold, and to 
 offer him to obteine honorable termes for him, if he would harken 
 
 1 Having come liither from Wales with a body of three thousand men; lie staid 
 till fearing to be besieged by ihe Scots, who were approaching, he went away by night 
 to Oxford, IV'ov. 6, 1645.
 
 255 
 
 to propositions. Stanhope return'd a very scornefull, huffing replie, 
 in which one of his expressions was that he should lay Notlingham- 
 castle as flalt as a pancake, and such other braAadoes, which had 
 bene lesse amisse, if he had done aniething to make them good. 
 Hereupon the whole force marcht against the place, and the severall 
 posts were assign'd to the severall collonclls. The governor, ac- 
 cording to his ovvne desire, had that which seem'd most difficult 
 assign'd to him, and his quarters that night appoynted in Shelford 
 towne. When he came thither, a few of Shelford souldiers ^vere 
 gotten into the steeple of the church, and from thence so play'd 
 upon the governor's men that they could not quietly take up their 
 quarters. There was a trap doore that went into the bcllfric, and 
 tliey had made it fast, and drawne up the ladder and the bell-ropes, 
 and regarded not the governor's threat'ning them to have no quarter 
 if they came not downe, so that he w^as forc'd to send for straw and 
 fire it, and smother them out. Hereupon they came downe, and 
 among them there was a boy who had marcht out with the gover- 
 nor's company, when he went first against Newark, and carried him- 
 selfe so stoutly that Capt. Wray begg'd him for a footeboy, and 
 Avhen his troope was once taken by the enemie this boy, being 
 taken among them, became one of their souldiers. The governor 
 making him believe he should be hang'd immediately for changing 
 his party, and for holding out to their disturbance, where he could 
 not hope for relicfe, the boy begg'd he might be spar'd, and offer'd 
 to lead them on to a place, where only they could enter, where the 
 palisadoe was unfinisht. The governor, without trusting to him, 
 consider'd the probabillity of his information, kept him under 
 guard, and sett him in the front of his men, and he accordingly 
 proov'd to have told them truth in all that he had sayd, and did ex- 
 cellent good sei'vice, behaving himselfe most stoutly. The governor 
 being arm'd, and ready to begin the assault, when the rest were 
 alsoe ready, Capt. White came to him, and, notwithstanding all his 
 
 2 N
 
 '256 
 
 former mallitious proseculions, now pretends the most tender care 
 and love that could be declared, with all imaginable flattery, and 
 perswades the governor not to hazard himselfe in so dangerous an 
 attempt, but to consider his wife and children, and stand by among 
 the horse, but by no meanes to storme the place in his owne person. 
 Notwithstanding all his false insinuations, the governor perceiv'd his 
 envie at that honor which his vallour was ready to reape in this 
 encounter, Avas exceeding angrie with him, and went on upon the 
 place. This being seated on a flatt, was encompass'd with a very 
 strong bullwarke, and a great ditch without, in most places wett 
 at the bottom, so that they within were very confident, there being- 
 no cannon brought against them, to hold it out; because alsoe a 
 broken regiment of the queene's, who were all papists, were come 
 in to their assistance. A regiment of Londoners Avere appoynted to 
 storme on the other side, and the governor at the same time began 
 the assault at his post. His men found many difficulties more then 
 they expected, for after they had fill'd up the ditches with faggots, 
 and pitcht the scaling ladders, they Avere tAventy staves too short, 
 and the enemie, from the top of the Avorkes, thrcAV doAvne loggs of 
 Avood, which Avould SAveep of a Avhole ladder-full of men at once: 
 the lieftenant-coUonell himselfe Avas once or tAvice so beaten downe. 
 The governor had order'd other musketeers to beate of those men 
 that stood upon the lop of the Avorkes, Avhich they fail'd of by shoot- 
 ing Avilhout good ayme, but the governor directed them better, and 
 the Nottingham horse dismounting, and assailing Avith their pistols 
 and headpieces, helpt the foole to beate them downe from the top 
 of the Avorke, all except one stout man, AA'ho stood alone, and did 
 Avonders in beating doAvne the assailants, Avhich the governor being 
 angrie at, fetcht two of his OAvne musketeers and made them shoot, 
 and he innnediately fell, to tlie greate discouragement of his fel- 
 lows. Then the governor himselfe first enter'd, and the rest of his 
 men came in as fast as they could. But Avhile his regiment Avas
 
 257 
 
 entering on this side, the Londoners were loeaten of on the other 
 side, and the niaine force of the garrison turn'd upon him. The 
 cavahers had halfe moones within, which were as good a defence to 
 lliem as their first workcs; into these the souldiers that were of the 
 queene's regiment were gotten, and they in the house shott out of 
 all the windores. The governor's men, assoone as they gott in, had 
 taken the stables and all their horses, but the governor hinisclfe 
 was fighting with the captaine of the papists and some otlicrs, who, 
 by advantage of the halfe moone and the house, might have pre- 
 vail'd to cutt of him and those that were with him, which Avere not 
 many. The enemie being strengthen'd by the addition of those 
 who had beaten of the assailants on the other side, were now trying 
 their utmost to vanquish those that Avere within. The lieftenant- 
 collonell, seeing his brother in hazard, made haste to open the draw- 
 bridge, that Poyntz might come in Avith his horse, which he did, 
 but not before the governor had kill'd that gentleman who Avas 
 fighting Avith him, at Avhose fall his men gave AA^ay. Poyntz seeing 
 them shoote from the house, and apprehending the king might come 
 to their reliefe, Avhen he came in, order'd that no quarter should be 
 given. And here the governor Avas in greater danger then before, 
 for the strangers hearing him call'd governor, Avere advancing to 
 have kill'd him, but that the lieftenant-coUonell, Avho Avas very 
 Avatchful to preserve him all that day, came in to his rescue, and 
 scarcely could persuade them that it Avas the governor of Notting- 
 ham, because he, at the beginning of the storme, had put off a very 
 good suite of armor that he had, Avhich being muskett proof, Avas 
 so heavie that it heated him, and so he Avould not be persuaded by 
 his friends to Aveare aniething but his bufl:e coatc. The governor's 
 men, eager to compleatc their victory, Avere forcing their entrance 
 into the house, meancAvhile Rossiter's men came and tooke aAvay 
 all their horses, Avhich they had taken when they first enter'd the 
 Avorkes and Avonne the stables, and left in the guard of tAvo or three.
 
 258 
 
 while they were persuing their worke. The governor of Shelford, 
 after all his bravadoes, came but meanely of: 'tis sayd he sate in 
 his chamber, wrapt up in his cloake, and came not forth that day; 
 but that avail'd him not, for how, or by whom, it is not known, 
 but he was wounded and stript, and flung upon a dunghill. The 
 lieftenant-collonell, after the house was master'd, seeing the disorder 
 by which our men were readie to murther one another, upon the 
 command Poyntz had issued to give no quarter, desir'd Pojaitz to 
 cause the slaughter to cease, which was presently obey'd, and about 
 seven score prisoners sav'd. While he was thus busied, enquiring 
 what was become of the governor, he was shewn hira naked upon 
 the dunghill; whereupon the lieftenant-collonell call'd for his owne 
 cloake and cast it over him, and sent him to a bed in his owne 
 quarters, and procur'd him a surgeon. Upon his desire he had a 
 linle priest, who had bene liis father's chaplaine, and was one of 
 the committee faction; but the man was such a pittifull comforter, 
 that tlie governor, who was come to visitt him, was forc'd to under- 
 take that office: but though he had all the supplies they could all 
 Avayes give him, he died the next day.' The house which belong'd 
 
 ' Thoroton, in his History of Notts, says, " Shelford -house was a garrison for 
 " the king, and commanded by Col. Philip Stanhope, son of the first Earl of Chester- 
 " field, which being taken by storm, he and many of his soldiers were therein slain, 
 " and the house afterwards burned; his brother Ferdinando Stanhope was slain some 
 " time before by a parliament soldier at Bridgford." This last happened in that skir- 
 mish with the bridge soldiers recited in page 239^ where he is said only to be made 
 
 prisoner. Lady Catharine Hntchinson, who attested the remark to Col. Hutchinson 
 
 her son-in-law's disadvantage, page 147, vvas the sister of the Earl of Chesterfield, 
 and of course aunt of Col. Stanhope, and as she takes no exception to it, we may 
 safely give credit to this story of the storming of Shelford with all its circumstances: 
 a very interesting one it certainly is, and told in the most unaffected, and therefore 
 most aflecting, manner; the scene with which it finishes is surely as striking and as 
 singular as any that story or imagination can furnish, not excepting the death of 
 Le t'evre in the Sentimental Journey.
 
 259 
 
 to his father the Earle of Chesterfield was that night burnt, none 
 cerleinely knowing by what mcanes, whether by accident or on pur- 
 pose, but there was most ground to behove that the country people, 
 who had bene sorely infested by that garrison, to prevent the keep- 
 ing it b}^ those who had taken it, purposel}'^ sett it on fire. If the 
 queene's regiment had mounted their horses and stood ready upon 
 them, when our men enter'd, they had undoubtedly cult them all 
 of, but they standing to the workes, it pleas'd God to lead them 
 into that path he had ordein'd for their destruction, who being pa- 
 pists, would not receive quarter, nor Avere they much oftbr'd it, 
 being kill'd in the heate of the contest, so that not a man of them 
 escap'd. 
 
 The next day our party went to Wiverton, a house of the lord 
 Chaworth's, and that, temfied Avith the example of the otlier, 
 yielded upon termes, and was by order pull'd downe and render'd 
 uncapable of being any more a garrison. 
 
 Poyntz now quarter'd all his horse in the townes about Newark, 
 and in regard he had no peculiar I'egiment of his owne, the gover- 
 nor's reo;iment serv'd him for his guards. The Scotts alsoe came and 
 quarter'd on the other side of the towne towards the north. 
 
 All that winter the governor lay at the Leaguer, and about 
 Christmasse time writls were sent downe for new elections to fill 
 up the parliament. There being a burgesseship voyd at Notting- 
 ham, the tOAvne would needs, in a compliment, make the governor 
 free, in order to an election of him for the parliament. Mr. Francis 
 Pierrepont hearing this, writt to the governor to desire that he would 
 rather come into his father's place in the county, and give him his 
 assistance in this, as he should engage his- owne and all his friends' 
 interest for him in the county. The governor, who was ever readie 
 to requite iniuries with benefitts, employ 'd his interest in the towne 
 to satisfie the gentleman's desire, and having very many that had 
 voyces in his regiment, he sent for them all home the night before
 
 260 
 
 the day of election; which had hke to have bene a very sad one, 
 but that by the mercy of God, and the courage of Poyntz and the 
 heftenant-collonell and Capt. Poulton, it had not so bad event/ The 
 Newarkers, hearing that so many of the regiment were away, fell 
 into their quarters, and most of the men being surpriz'd, were rather 
 endeavouring flight then I'esistance, when the lieftenant-collouell and 
 Capt. Poulton raUied all they could find, lin'd some pales with mus- 
 keteers, and beate the enemie againe out of the quarters, and 
 Poyntz mounting with as many horse as were about him, which was 
 very few, follow'd them in the night up to the very workes of New- 
 ark. Some losse there was in the quarters, but nothing consider- 
 able; some souldiers ran away home, and brought the governor 
 word they were all cut of, but his brother sent a messenger to ac- 
 quaint him the contrary. Hereupon, immediately after the election, 
 he return'd back againe with his men. Not long after, the elections 
 were made for the county, who all pitcht upon the governor, in his 
 father's roome. White, whose envie never died, used all the en- 
 deavours he could to have hinder'd it, but when he saw he could 
 doe no harmc, Avith a sad heart, under a false face, he came and 
 tooke his part of a noble dinner the new knights had provided for 
 the gentlemen of the country. Without any competition Mr. Hutch- 
 inson had the first voyce, in the roome of his father, and Mr. Pigott 
 the second, in the roome of Mr. Sutton, now a commissioner at 
 
 ' A fair and honest acknowledgment of a considerable oversight! But this passage 
 leads us to observe of what sort of people the parliament armies were compos'd, viz. 
 the horse mostly of freeholders, the foot of burghers. It will not probably be thought 
 beside the purpose to quote here Whitelock's description of Cromwell's own regiment. 
 " He had a brave regiment of his countrymen, most of them freeholders and free- 
 " holders' sons, and who upon matter of conscience engaged in this quarrel; and thus 
 " being well armed within by the satisfaction of their own consciences, and without 
 " by good iron arms, they would, as one man^ stand firmly and charge desperately." 
 These circumstances must be allowed their due weight, when we come to consider the 
 right of the army to interfere in matters of state.
 
 261 
 
 Newark. About the same time Coll. Thornliagh Avas chosen bur- 
 gesse for the towne of Retford; but none of them went up to their 
 places in parliament till the siege of Newark was finisht. 
 
 Poyntz drew a line about the townc, and made a very regular 
 entrenchment and approaches, in such a souldier-like manner as 
 none of them who attempted the place before had done. Most of 
 that winter they lay in the field, and the governor, carried on by 
 the vigor and greatnesse of his mind, felt no distemper then by that 
 service, which all his captaines and the souldiers themselves en- 
 dur'd worse then he. Besides dayly and howerly providences, by 
 which they Aveve preserv'd from the encmie's cannons and sallies, 
 there Avere some remarkable ones, by Avhich God kept the governor's 
 life in this leaguer. Once as Poyntz and he, and another captaine, 
 were riding to vicAV some quarter of the towne, a cannon bullett 
 came Avhizzing by them, as they were riding all abrest, and the 
 captaine, without any touch of it, sayd he was kill'd; Poyntz bid 
 him get of, but he was then sliding downe from his horse, slaine by 
 the wind of the bullett: they held him up till they gott off from the 
 place, but the man immediately turn'd black all over. Another 
 time the governor Avas in his tent, and by chance calfd out; when 
 he Avas scarce out of it, a cannon bullett came and tore up the 
 whole tent, and kill'd the sentinell at the doore. But the greate 
 perill, wherein all of the English side AA-ere, Avas the treachery of the 
 Scotts, Avhich they had very good reason to apprehend might have 
 bene the cutting of of all that force. Sr. Thomas Fairfax had noAV 
 besieg'd Oxford, and the king Avas stollen out of the towne and gone 
 in disguize, no man kncAv Avhithcr, but at the length he came into 
 the Scotts armie. They had before behav'd themselves A'^ery odiy to 
 the English, and bene taking sundrie occasions to pick quarrells, 
 Avhen at the last certeine news Avas brought to the English quarters 
 that the king Avas come to the Scotts, and by them rcceiv'd at Sduth- 
 Avell. The English could then expect nothing but that the Scotts, 
 ioyning Avith those that Averc in NcAvark, Avould/all upon them, avIio
 
 262 
 
 were far inferior number to the other, and therefore ihcy all pre- 
 par'd themselves as well as they could to defend themselves in their 
 trenches. The governor had then very fine horses at the Leaguer, 
 which he sent home to the garrison; but while they were in ex- 
 pectation of being thus fallen upon, the king had more mind to be 
 gone, and because the Scotts knew not how to breake up their 
 quarters while the towne was not taken, the king sent to my lord 
 Bellasis, the governor of Newark, to surrender up the place im- 
 mediately, which he did upon prettie handsome termes, but much 
 discontented that the king should have no more regard to them who 
 had bene so constant to his service.' The governor with his regi- 
 ment was appoynted to receive the towne and the arms, and to 
 quarter in it; where now he went upon the greatest danger of all, 
 for the towne was all over sadly infected with the jilague; yet it so 
 pleased God that neither he nor any of these fresh men caught the 
 infection, which Avas so raging there that it allmost desolated the 
 place. 
 
 Whether the king's ill councell or destinie led him, he was very 
 failing in this action, for had he gone streight up to the parliament 
 and cast himselfe upon them, as he did upon the Scotts, he had in 
 all probabillity ruin'd them, who were highly devided betweene the 
 Presbiterian and Independent factions: but in putting himselfe into 
 the hands of their mercenary Scotch armie, rather then the parlia- 
 ment of England, he shew'd such an embitter'd hate to the English 
 nation, that it turn'd many hearts against him. The Scotts in this 
 businesse were very false both to the parliament and the king. For 
 them to receive and carrie away the king's person with them, Avhen 
 they were but a hired armie, without cither the consent or know- 
 ledge of the parliament, was a very false carriage of them; but 
 besides that, wee had certeine evidences that they were prepar'd, and 
 
 ' Among the names of those who signed the capitulation on the part of the pailia- 
 ment (iis it appears in Rushworth) arc those of Col. Hutchinson and Col.Tvvissleton.
 
 263 
 
 had an intent to have cutt of the English armie, who beleaguer'd 
 Newark,' but that God changed their councells and made them 
 take another course, whicli was to carrie tiie king to Newcastle, 
 where they againe sold him to the parliament for a summe of 
 monie. 
 
 ' It has always been, and perhaps will alwaj's remain a mystery, what were the 
 conditions or engagements on which the king relied in putting himself into the hands 
 of the Scots. In Clarendon's State Papers there are several letters from the French 
 ambassador, persuading him to this measure, and undertaking for the Scots to give 
 him effectual support; and the king wrote very positively to Ormond a letter, which 
 was intercepted, and is produced by Rushworth, that the Scots had given him good 
 security that they would join their forces to those of Montrose and the king's friends. 
 On the other side, the general and committee of estales resident in the Scots army 
 wrote, that " the king came privately into their camp, and that there had been no 
 " treaty nor capitulation with him by them, nor any in their names, and that the 
 " assertion of the king in his letter to Ormond was a damnable untruth." Not to 
 dwell upon what is elsewhere said on either side of the question, the sj'mptoms of 
 treachery discerned by Col. Hutchinson and others before and at the time of the king's 
 arrival give ample reason to conclude that the Scots were aware of his coming, and 
 that either there were two parties, one of which was devoted to the king and the other 
 not so, and that the latter was prevalent, or else that the whole expected from the 
 king conditions which he was unwilling to perform, and principally the signing the 
 covenant, the refusal of which they afterwards openly resented, and this might be that 
 " change God is said to make in their counsels." 
 
 ITiere is much less doubt as to the justice of Mrs. Hutchinson's reflection, that of 
 all courses, that he took was the worst: she, who had a truly British heart, well knew 
 what effect ingenuous confidence would have had on the parliament, with the virtues 
 as well as vices of which she was well acquainted. The parliament had asked him to 
 " come to them with a royal, not martial, attendance, and promised to receive him 
 " well." The last message passed on March 23, and in a few days after he went to 
 the Scots army. Quern Dem vult perdere prius dementat. Those whom God destines 
 to destruction he deprives of their understanding. Artifice, which was Charles's 
 greatest fault, was likewise his ruin, and he fell not like a conquered prince, as prteda 
 victoris, a noble prize for the victor, but pretium scekris, the object of a scandalous 
 traffic, apprehended and sold as a culprit and fugitive; and forfeited his last resource, 
 that respect and pity which the generous reserve for the unfortunate. 
 
 *2 O
 
 264 
 
 The country now being clear'd of all the enemies garrisons, 
 Collonell Hutchinson went up to London, to attend his dut}' there, 
 and to serve his country, as faithfully, in the capacity of a senator, 
 as he had before, in that of a souldier. When he came there, he 
 found a very bitter spiritt of discord and envie raging, and the 
 presbyterian faction, of which were most of those lords and others, 
 that had bene lay'd aside by the self-denying ordinance, endeavour- 
 ing a violent persecution, upon the account of conscience, against 
 those who had in so short a time accomplisht, by God's blessing, 
 that victory which he was not pleas'd to bestow on them. Their 
 directory of worship was at length sent forth for a three yeares triall, 
 and such as could not conforme to it, mark'd out Avith an evil eie, 
 hated and persecuted under the name of Separatists." Coll. Hutch- 
 inson, who abhorr'd that mallitious zeale and imposing spiritt which 
 appear'd in them, was soon taken notice of, for one of the inde- 
 pendent faction," [whose heads were accounted Pierrepont, Vane, 
 
 St. Johns, and some few other grandees, being men that 
 exceird in wisdome and utterance, and the rest believ'd to adhere 
 to them, only out of faction, as if those who did not vaine-glori- 
 ously lay out themselves, without nccessilie, but chose rather to 
 heare and vote, had had no understanding of right and wrong, but 
 from the dictates of these great oracles.] Though, to speake the 
 truth, they very little knew Coll. Hutchinson, that could say he was 
 of any faction, for he had a strength of iudgment able to consider 
 
 " Mrs. Hutcliiiisoii differs from most of those who have written on the subject, re- 
 specting the rise and progress of the deadly feuds between the presbyterians and inde- 
 pendents ; but she differs not from the truth and reason. Certainly the most impartial 
 historian is Rapin; but he, though a presbyterian, and labouring their defence, effects 
 their condemnation. Vol. ii. p. 624, he says, " They thought themselves in slavery if 
 " themselves did not command." What need of more words ? 
 
 " All that is contained between these two brackets had lines struck through it in 
 the manuscript, and one of the names defaced.
 
 Q65 
 
 things himsclfe and propound them to his conscience, which was so 
 upright that the veneration of no man's person alhve, nor the love 
 of the dearest friend in the world, could make him doe the least 
 thing, widiout a full perswasion, that it was his duty so to act. He 
 very well understood men's guifts and abillities, and honour'd those 
 most, whom he believ'd to manage them with most uprightnesse of 
 soule, for God's glory and the good of his country, and was so farre 
 from envying the iust renowne any man acquir'd, that he reioic'd in 
 it. He never Avas any man's sectary, either in religious or civil] 
 matters, farther then he apprehended them to follow the rules of 
 religion, honor, and virtue ; nor any man's antagonist, but as he 
 oppos'd that which appear'd to him iust and equall. If the greatest 
 enemie he had in the world, had propounded anicthing profitable 
 to the publick, he would promote it: whereas some others were 
 to blame in that particular, and chiefely those of the presbiterian 
 faction, who would obstruct any good, rather then those they envied 
 and hated should have the glory of procuring it; the sad effects of 
 which pride grew at length to be the ruin of the most glorious cause 
 that ever was contended for. At the first many gentlemen, eminent 
 in guifts and acquirements, were as eminent in zealous improve- 
 ment of them, for the advantage of God's and their countries in- 
 terests, Avhereby they obtain'd iust glory and admiration among all 
 good men ; but while the creature Avas so magnified, God, that Avas 
 the principall author, was not look'd upon, and gave them therefore 
 up to become their owne and other's idolls, and so to fall. 
 
 And noAV it grew to a sad Avonder, that the most zealous pro- 
 moters of the cause were more spitefully carried against their owne 
 faithfull armies, by Avhom God had perfected their victory over 
 their enemies, then against the vanquish'd foe ; Avhose restitution 
 they henceforth secretly endeavour'd, by all the arts of treacherous, 
 dissembling pollicy; only that they might throAv downe those whom 
 God had exalted in glory and poAver to resist their tirannicall impo-
 
 Q66 
 
 sitions. At that time, and long after, tliey prevail'd not, 'till tha£ 
 pious people too began to admire themselves for what God hud 
 done by them, and to sett up themselves above their brethren, and 
 then the liord humbled them againe beneath their conquer'd vas- 
 salls." 
 
 So long as the armie only resisted uniust impositions, and re- 
 mained firme to their first pious engagement, Mr. Hutchinson ad- 
 her d to that party, which protected them in the parliament ^ house. 
 
 '' To those, and they are not few, who, like Col. Hutchinson, believe the peculiar 
 interposition of Providence, this remark of the punishment inflicted on those who 
 abused its gifts, will appear pleasing and edifying; to those who admit ouly a general 
 dispensation, the fall of each party successively by their own malversation, will seem 
 a signal mark of justice ; by both, this chain of causes and effects will be acknowledged 
 to be drawn by the hand of a master. 
 
 ^ This history, which as far as it relates to publick affairs is called only a Sum- 
 mary, will nevertheless be found to redress many errors in larger histories, and to open 
 a great field for reflection : in none, perhaps, more than in this question of the right 
 of the army to interfere with the conduct of parliament or business of the state: this is 
 generally decided against them lightly and inconsiderately. The danger of admitting 
 armed assemblies to deliberate, and the duty of a soldier to obey, but not debate, are 
 very boldly asserted ; and as this doctrine suits the governors of every state, it will 
 always be favoured; but it goes on, a petitio principii, a begging of the question that 
 the military are the hired servants of the state : and military men have so far agreed 
 to this unjust postulate, that they have consented to accept that which is a nickname, 
 or term of reproach, as the generic one of their whole profession ; viz. Soldier; which 
 is but a translation of the Italian soTduto, mercenary or hireling. It has been repeatedly 
 shewn how ill this term agreed with the parliament troops in general, being mostly 
 volunteers and freeholders or burghers, and ill, or sometimes not at all paid. Were 
 such to be considered as mere machines, as having forfeited all right to an opinion of 
 their own, and bound to support that of others .' — If so, then those who expected to 
 maintain our constitution by putting arms into the hands of almost all whom patriotism 
 or the preservation of their property animated to take them up, would have bereaved it 
 of nearly all its defenders! With good right did these men, who had taken a pious 
 engagement to God and their country, and most manfully acquitted themselves of it, 
 call on the parliament to complete it by a happy settlement. Their several petitions
 
 267 
 
 His attendance there, changing his custome of Hfe, into a sedentary 
 employment, lesse suitable to his active spiritt, and more preiudiciall 
 to his health, lie fell into a long and painefull sicknesse, which 
 many times brought him neare the grave, and was not perfectly 
 cured in foure years. The doctors could not find a name for it ; but 
 at the length resolv'd upon the running gout, and a cure, proper for 
 that disease, being practis'd on him, tooke effect. 
 
 The truth is, his greate mind so far surmounted the frailty of his 
 flesh, that it would never yield to the tendernesse of his constitution, 
 nor suffer him to feele those inconveniences of martiall toyles, which 
 often cast downe his captaines, men of more able bodies and health- 
 full complexions, while the business was in hand ; but when that was 
 finisht, he found, what he had not leisure to consider before, that 
 his body's strength was farre unequall to the vigor of his soule. 
 
 After the surrender of Newark, Nottingham towne and castle 
 was continued a garrison for some time : between this and his 
 greater employment at London, the governor divided himselfe. 
 Meanwhile, upon the 15th day of July, 1646, propositions were 
 sent to the king, then with the Scotts at Newcastle, liltle higher 
 than those which had been made him at Uxbridge, but he wove out 
 delayes, and would not assent to them, hoping a greater advantage 
 
 and remonstrances, preserved in Rushworth, vol. vii. p. 4, & infra, shew that their 
 views were just and rational, and such as have since in part been realized, in part are 
 still wished for, viz. " the duration of parliaments to be limited; elections better re- 
 " gulated— the representation better distributed ; improper privileges, and peculiarly 
 " that of being screened from creditors, given up ; not bishops, but their coercive 
 " power and civil penalties taken away ; the king restored to his rights (but with some 
 " restrictions as to appointments for ten years) ; the laws simplified, and lessened in 
 "■ expence; monopolies set aside; tythes commuted, 8cc. But all this was interrupted 
 " by the domineering party." Who can help lamenting that there were not more 
 found to unite with Col. Hutchinson and this army to perfect the best system of govern- 
 ment that ever did or will exist ? 
 
 These proposals of the army are supposed to have been penned by Ireton.
 
 268 
 
 by the difference betweene the two nations, and the factions in the 
 cilie and parUanient, which both he and all his party employ 'd their 
 utmost industry to cherish and augment. Both parliaments per- 
 ceiving this, and nott yett sencelesse of approaching destruction, 
 from the common enemie, began to be cemented by the king's 
 averseness to peace, and to consider how to settle the kingdomes 
 without him, and when they had agreed that the Scotts should de- 
 liver up the English garrisons for a certaine summe of mony, it fell 
 into debate how to dispose of the king's person ; where the debate 
 was, not who should, but who should not have him. At the length, 
 about January of the same yeare, two hundred thousand pounds 
 was carried downe by part of the armie to Newcastle, and upon the 
 payment of it, the Scotts deliver'd their garrisons to the souldiers, 
 and the king to certaine commissioners of both houses of parliament, 
 who conducted him honorably to his owne mannour of Holmby, in 
 Northani p tonshire. 
 
 During this time Sr. Thomas Fairfax himselfe lay at Notting- 
 ham, and the governor was sick in the castle. The generall's lady 
 was come allong with him, having follow'd his camp to the siege of 
 Oxford, and layne at his quarters all the while he abode Uhere. 
 
 » Here is another of those paradoxes, with which historians have perplexed them- 
 selves and their readers, reduced to a very plain tale. It is generally said and be- 
 lieved, that Fairfax was a presbytcrian, ami much wonder is expressed that he should 
 have so faithfully (it is even said toofaithJ'nUtf) served the independents; but it is im- 
 possible that any one could have a more clear and certain knowledge oT his religious 
 opinions than Col. and Mrs. Hutchinson had, and they declare his chaplains to have 
 been independent ministers ; nor does it appear that he ever changed his opinion, but 
 only that he suffered himself to be over-ruled by his wife. Heroes as great as he have 
 been, both before and since, under the same dominion ; as Horace sets forth in his 
 fticetious ode to Xanthias Phoceus, parodied by Rovve : 
 
 'Ne sit ancilla tibi amor pudori. 
 
 Do not, most fragrant earl, disclaim.
 
 269 
 
 She was exceeding kind to her husband's chaplaines, independent 
 ministers, till the armie return'd to be nearer London, and then the 
 presbyterian ministers quite chang'd the lady into such a bitter aver- 
 sion aoainst them, that they could not endure to come into the 
 generall's presence Avhile she was there, and the generall had an 
 unquiett, unpleasant life witli her, who drove away from him 
 many of those friends, in whose conversation he had found such 
 sweetenesse. Alt Nottingham they had gotten a very able minister 
 into the greate church, but a bitter presbiterian ; him and his bre- 
 thren my Lady Fairfax caress'd with so much kindnessc, that they 
 grew impudent to preach up their faction, openly, in the pulpitt, 
 and to revile the others, and at length would not suffer any of the 
 army chaplaines to preach in the towne. They then coming to the 
 governor and complaining of their unkind usage, he invited them 
 to come and preach in his house, which when it was knowne they 
 did, there was a greate concourse of people came thither to them ; 
 and the presbiterians, when they heard it, were madd with rage, 
 not only against them, but against the governor, who accidentally 
 gave them another occasion about the same time, a little before the 
 general came. When formerly the presbyterian ministers had forc'd 
 him for quietnesse sake to goe and breake up a private meeting in 
 the cannoneer's chamber, there were found some notes concerning 
 paedobaptisme, which being brought into the governor's lodgings, 
 his wife having then more leisure to read then he, having perus'd 
 them and compar'd them Avith the scriptures, found not what to say 
 against the truths they asserted, concerning the misapplication of 
 that ordinance to infants : but being then young and modest, she 
 thought it a kind of virtue to submitt to the iudgement and practice 
 of most churches, rather then to defend a singular opinion of her 
 owne, she not being then cnlighten'd in that greate mistake of the 
 nationall churches : but in this yeare she, hap'ning to be with 
 child, communicated her doubts to her husband, and desir'd him to
 
 270 
 
 endeavour her satisfaction ; which while he did, he himselfe became 
 as unsatisfied, or rather satisfied against it. First, therefore, he 
 dilligently scarch'd the scriptures alone, and could find in them no 
 ground at all for that practice ; then he bought and read all the 
 eminent treatices on both sides, which at that time came thick from 
 the presses, and still was clear'd in the error of the paedobaptists. 
 After this, his wife being brought to bed, that he might, if possible, 
 give the religious party no offence, he invited all the ministers to 
 dinner, and propounded his doubt, and the ground thereof to them. 
 None of them could defend their practise with any satisfactory rea- 
 son, but the tradition of the church, from the primitive times, and 
 their maine buckler of federall holinesse, which Tombs and Denne 
 had excellently overthrowne. He and his wife then, professing 
 themselves unsatisfied in the practise, desir'd their opinions, what 
 they ought to doe. Most answer'd, to conforme to the generall 
 practise of other Christians, how darke soever it were to themselves ; 
 but Mr. Foxcraft, one of the assembly, say'd that except they were 
 convinc'd of the warrant of that practise from the word, they sinn'd 
 in doing it, whereupon that infant was not baptized. " And now the 
 governor and his wife, notwithstanding that they forsooke not their 
 assemblies, nor retracted their benevolences and civillities from 
 them, yet were they revil'd by them, call'd fanaticks and ana- 
 baptists, and often glanc'd at in their publick sermons. And not 
 only the ministers, but all their zealous sectaries, conceiv'd im- 
 placable mallice against them, upon this account ; which was car- 
 ried on with a spiritt of envy and persecution to the last, though he, 
 on his side, might well have said to ihcm, as his Master to the old 
 pharisees : " Many good workes have I done among you, for which 
 " of these do you hate me .''" Yet the generallity, even of that 
 
 " Surely this slievvs aa unbecoming propensity to speculate in religion; the story is, 
 however^ told with candour.
 
 271 
 
 people, had a secret conviclioii upon them, that he had bene failh- 
 fidl to them, and deserv'd their love ; and in spite of their owne 
 bitter zoalc, could not but have a reverent estceme for him, whom 
 they often rayl'd at, for not thinking and speaking according to 
 their opinions. 
 
 This yeare Sr. Allen Apsley, governor of Barnstable for the king, 
 after the surrender of that garrison came and retir'd to the governor's 
 house till his composition with the parliament was compleated, the 
 governor's wife being his sister, and the governor's brother having 
 married the other sister: " and this was another occasion of opening 
 the mouths of the mallignants, who were ready to seize any one to 
 his preiudice. Sr. Allen Apsley had not his articles punctually per- 
 form 'd, by Avhich he suffer'd greate expence and intollerable vex- 
 ation, and the governor, no lesse concern'd in the iniuslice done to 
 him then if he had suffer'd it himselfe, endeavour'd to protect him 
 only in that which was iust, and for this was call'd a cavalier, and 
 sayd to have chang'd his party, and a thousand more iniuries, in 
 which none were so forward as those who had all the while bene 
 disaffected to the whole parliament party, but after they were con- 
 quer'd, burying their spite against the cause in their owne bosomes, 
 suffer'd that secret fire to rise up in a black smoke against the most 
 faithfull assertors of it. 
 
 When the commissioners went downe to fetch up the king from 
 the Scotts, one of the lords coming to visitt the governor, and find- 
 ing him at that time very sick, perswaded him to make use of one 
 
 •• Amongst the discord and distraction, public and private, which harasses the 
 reader's mind, it is soothing for a moment to contemplate the harmony which reigned 
 within Col. Hutchinson's family, and the sincere friendship between them and Sir Allen 
 Apsley, which will reappear on many and frequent occasions to the very close of his 
 life. As this amiable man, and all that concerns him, must interest the reader nearly 
 in an equal degree with the principal subject, there has been in the preface a pedigree 
 and account given of his family till it merged in that of Bathurst. 
 
 2 P
 
 272 
 
 of the king's physitians that was with them, that was call'd Dr. Wil- 
 son, and was a very able physilian, but mistooke the method of his 
 cure, and made issues in both his amies, which rather wasted his 
 strength then his disease, and when he was cur'd were stopt up. 
 That spring, growing a htlle better for the present, he went to 
 London, and having inefl'ectually tried severall physitians, Sr. Allen 
 Apsley perswaded him to make use of Dr. Frazier, with whom he 
 began a course of physick, in the middst of which the doctor came 
 and acquainted him that he was likely to be imprison'd upon suspi- 
 tion of carrying on designes against the parliament underhand, for 
 now the Scotts were threat'ning invasion and openwarre: he pro- 
 fessed his innocency with many protestations, and desir'd Mr. Hutch- 
 inson to obliege him so farre as to engage for him that he manag'd 
 no designe but his calling; which the coUoncU believing, under- 
 tooke for him to the committee of Derby-house; when the false 
 Scott, having thus abus'd him, left a letter of lame excuse to hinj, 
 and stole away out of England to the princes, then beyond the seas, 
 leaving a blolt upon Mr. Hutchinson for having undertaken for 
 him: ' but he, acknowledging his error to have bene so abus'd, was 
 thereby warn'd from credulity of any of that false nation any more. 
 That summer he attended the service of the house, being freed for 
 awhile from his distemper during the summer till the fall of the 
 leafe that it return'd againe. In the meane time iealousics were 
 ^ sowne betweene the parliament, the citie of London, and the armie. 
 The presbiterian faction were earnest to have the armie disbanded ; 
 the armie resented the iniurie, and, being taught to valine their owne 
 meritt, petition'd the generall that they might be satisfied, not only 
 in things relating to themselves particularly as an armie, but the ge- 
 nerall concernments and liberties of the good people of the nation, 
 
 ' This Dr. Frazier was afterwards employed by Charles the Second to negociate 
 with the Scots.
 
 273 
 
 which they had fought for. The pivsbiterians were highly oft'endcd 
 at this, and declar'd it with such violence as gave the armie cause 
 to encr^ase their iealousies. The souldiers, led on to it by one 
 Cornet Joyce, tooke the king from Ilolnieby out of the parliament 
 commissioners' hands, and carried him about with them. The par- 
 liament voted that the king should come to Richmond, attended by 
 the same persons that attended him at Holmby, but the armie, in- 
 stead of obc^nng, impeach'd eleven members of the house of com- 
 mons of high treason, and petitioned that those impeach'd members 
 might be secluded the house, till they had brought in their answer 
 to the charge; which being violently debated, they made a volun- 
 tary secession for six months. The generall alsoe entreated that the 
 king might not be brought nearer to London then they would suffer 
 the army to quarter. So he was carried with them to Royston, Hat- 
 field, Reading, and at last to Owborne, till about July 1647, when 
 London grew into a tumult, and made a very rude violation upon 
 the parliament house, which caused them to adiourn; when under- 
 standing the furie of the citizens, the greatest part of the members 
 with the speaker withdrew and went to the armie, among whom was 
 Coll. Hutchinson.' The presbiterian members who stay'd behind 
 chose new speakers, and made many new votes,, and vigorously 
 began to leavie forces to resist the armie, which were conducted by 
 Massie and Poyntz. The parliament that was with the armie made 
 an order against the proceedings of the members at London, and 
 
 ' As did fourteen peers, among them the earls of Manchester and Warwick, lords 
 Say and Sele and Mulgrave, and one hundred commoners, and the palsgrave, or 
 elector palatine, visited them. It would have been very seasonable to have offered to 
 the consideration of both parties Horace's beautiful apologue of the Horse and the 
 Stag. 
 
 Cervus equum bello melior, &c. 
 
 The calling in foreign aid to control their antagonists proved equally destructive to 
 both, but was begun by the Presbyterians.
 
 274 
 
 advanc'd with the general!, which when the citie heard of, their sto- 
 machs Avould not serve them to stand it out, but they sent com- 
 missioners, and, by the consent of the members Avith the generall, 
 obtain'd a pacification, upon condition the city should disband all 
 their new forces, deliver up their tower and their forts to the ge- 
 neral], and desert the members now sitting. They daring to denie 
 nothing, the generall came triumphantly to Westminster, and brought 
 back both the speakers and the members and putt them againe in 
 their seates. The generall had solemne thankes from both houses, 
 and then, with all his chiefe officers, marcht through the city, from 
 the westerne parts of it to the Tower, where many commands Avere 
 chang'd, the presbiterian party depressed, and their generalls, Poyntz 
 and Massie, with all the remaining officers of that faction, forc'd to 
 retire, Avho most of them then chang'd their party, and never more ' 
 appear'd on the parliament side. Yet was there still a presbiterian 
 faction left in the house of such as Avere moderate, and not by the 
 bitternesse of their zeale carried out to breake their covenant with 
 God and men, and renew a league Avith the popish interest, to de- 
 stroy that godly interest Avhich they had at first so gloriously as- 
 serted. After this tumult at London was quieted, about August of 
 that yeare the king Avas brought to one of his stately pallaces at 
 Hampton-court, neere London, and the armie reuiioov'd to quarters 
 about the citie, their head quarters being at Putney. The king, by 
 reason of his dayly converse Avith the officers, began to be trinkling 
 Avith them, not only then but before, and had draAvne in some of 
 them to engage to corrupt others to fall in Avith him: but to spcake 
 the truth of all, Cromwell Avas at that time soe uncorruptil)ly faith- 
 full to his trust and to the people's interest, that he could not be , 
 draAvne in to practise even his OAvne usual! and natural! dissimulations 
 in this occasion. His sonne-in-laAV Ireton, that Avas as faithfull as 
 he, Avas not so fully of the opinion (till he had tried it and found to 
 the contrary) but tiiat the king might have bene manag'd to com-
 
 275 
 
 plie with the publick good of his people, after he could no longer 
 uphold his owne violent will; but, upon some discourses with him, 
 the king uttering these words to him, " I shall play my game as well 
 " as I can," Ireton replied, " If your maiestie have a game to play, 
 " you nmst give us alsoe the liberty to play ours." Coll. Hutch- 
 inson privately discoursing with his cousin about the comnmnica- 
 tions he had had with the king, Ireton's expressions were these; 
 *' He gave us words, and we pay'd him in his owne coyne, Avhen 
 " we found he had no reall intention to the people's good, but to 
 " prevaile by our factions, to regaine by art what he had lost in 
 « fight." 
 
 The king liv'd at Hampton-court rather in the condition of a 
 guarded and attended prince, then as a conquer'd and purchased 
 captive : all his old servants had free recourse to him ; all sorts of 
 people Avere admitted to come to kisse his hands and doe him obey- 
 sance as a soveraigne. Ashburnham and Berkly, by the parlia- 
 ment voted delinquents, came to him from beyond the seas, and 
 others by permission of the armic, who had hoped they might be 
 usefuU to encline him to wholsome councells; but he, on the other 
 side, interpreting this freedome wherein he was permitted to live 
 not to ihe gentlenesse and reconcileablenesse of his parliament, Avho, 
 after all his iniuries, yet desir'd his restitution, so farre as it might 
 be without the ruine of the good people of the land, but rather be- 
 lieving it to proceed from their apprehension of their owne declining 
 and his re-advancing in the hearts of the people, made use of this 
 advantage to corrupt many of their officers to revolt from them and 
 betreythem; which some time after they did, and pay'd the for- 
 feiture witli their lives.^ When the king Avas at Hampton-court the 
 
 8 This is one of the places where wc find lea'jon to regret Mrs. Hutchinson's being 
 so summary in licr account of public aflairs. This matter of endeavouring to bring 
 the king to reason, and his perverting the good intentions of friends as well as foes.
 
 276 
 
 lords formerly of his privie councell al Oxford alsoe repaired to 
 liiin, to be as a coiincell attending liim, but this was so much dis- 
 gusted at London that they retreated againe: but the Scotch lords 
 and commissioners having free accesse to him, he drew that nation 
 into tlie designe of the second warre; which furiously brake out 
 the next summer, and was one of the highest provocations which, 
 after the second victory, brought him to the scaffold. But I shall 
 respite that, to return to his affaires whom I principally trace. 
 
 After the parliament were by the generall restored to their seates, 
 Collonell Hutchinson came downe to his garrison at Nottingham, 
 which, the warre being ended, was reduc'd only to the castle, the 
 workes at the towne and the bridges slighted, the companies of the 
 governor's regiment, all but two, disbanded, and he thinking, now 
 in a time when there was no opposition, the command not Avorthy 
 of himselfe or his brother, gave it over to his kinsman, Capt. Poul- 
 ton. With the assistance of his fellow parliament men he procur'd 
 an order from the parliament for five thousand pounds, that had 
 bene leavied for the Scotch army, but Avhich they, departing with 
 too much hast, had not receiv'd, to be distributed among the offi- 
 cers and souldiers of his regiment that were at this time disbanded, 
 in part of their arrears, and, that it might go the farther amongst 
 them, himselfe had none of it." The garrison at Nottingham being 
 reduc'd. Coll. Hutchkison remoov'd his famely back to his owne 
 house at Owthorpe, but found that, having stood uninhabited, and 
 
 is treated much at length by Ludlow, in his first volume, from p. 194 to 204, and 
 he agrees with Mrs. Hutchinson in most particulars; but it seems extraordinary that 
 he should attribute a very considerable and active part in this business to Sir Allen 
 Apsley, and his sister should make no mention of him in it. The candour and bene- 
 volence of Ireton, who is so generally represented as a cynick, are equally apparent in 
 both places, as likewise are the obstinacy and duplicity of the king. 
 
 I" Nota bene.
 
 277 
 
 bene rob'd of" every thing which the neighbouring garrisons of Shel- 
 forJ and Wiverton could carrie from it, it was so ruinated that it 
 could not be repair'd, to make a convenient habitation, without as 
 much charge as would almost build another. By reason of the 
 debt his publick employment had runne him into, not being able to 
 doe this at present while all his arrears were unpay'd, he made a 
 bad shift with it for that yeare. At this time his distemper of 
 rheume was very sore upon him, and he so atlicted with paynes in 
 his head, which fell downe alsoe with violent torture upon all his 
 ioynts, that he was not abie to goe for divers weekes out of his 
 chamber: and here wee had a notable example of the victorious 
 power of his soule over his body. One day, as he was in the sad- 
 dest torture of his disease, cerleine horse came, somewhat insolently 
 and iniuriously, exacting quarters or monies in the towne, whom he 
 sent for, and telling them he would not suffer such wrong to be 
 done to his tenants, they seeing him in so weake a condition, would 
 not be perswaded to forbeare violent and uniust actions, but told 
 him his government Avas expir'd, and they no more under his com- 
 mand; with which, and some other sawcy language, being provok'd 
 to be heartily angrie, he felt not that he was sick, but started out 
 of his chaire and beate them out of the house and towne, and re- 
 turn'd againe laughing att the wretched fellows and att himselfe, 
 wond'ring what was become of his payne, and thinking how 
 strangely his feebleness was cured in a moment: but while he and 
 those about him were in this amazement, it was not halfe an 
 bower before, as his spirits cool'd, that heate and vigor they had 
 lent his members retird againe to their noble pallace his heart; 
 those efforts, wherein they had violently employ 'd his limbs, made 
 them more weake then before, and his payne return'd with such 
 redoubled violence that we thought he would have died in this fitt. 
 
 While he was thus distemper'd at home, Maior-General Ireton 
 sent him a letter, with a new commission in it, for the resuming his
 
 278 
 
 government of Nollingliam castle, which the principall officers of 
 the arniie, foreseehig an approaching storme, desir'd to have in the 
 same iiand, wherein it had before bene so prosperously and faith- 
 fully prcserv'd : but the collonell sent them word, that as he should 
 not have put his kinsman into the place, but that he vvas assur'd of 
 his iidellity, so he would never ioine with those who were so forget- 
 full of the merits of men, that had behav'd themselves well, as to 
 discourage them without a cause. Hereupon they suffer'd Capt. 
 Poulton to remaine in his command ; but while the house was 
 highly busie in faction, they tooke no care of any of the garrisons, 
 especially of such as were like to continue firme to the cause, the 
 presbiterian faction having a designe to weaken or corrupt them all, 
 that they might be prepar'd for the greate revolt from the parlia- 
 ment, which was now working in all countries. In Nottingham- 
 shire, a brother of the Lord Biron's Coll. Gilbert Biron, meeting 
 Capt. Poulton, began to insinuate into him, and tempt him to be- 
 trey Nottingham castle; which proposition, when he heard, he 
 thought not fitt utterly to reiect, lest the castle, being then in a 
 weake condition, and the souldiers discontented, some of his under 
 officers might more readily embrace it and betrey both the place 
 and him. He therefore tooke a little time to consider of it, and 
 came to Coll. Hutchinson and acquainted him with it. He advised 
 to hold his cousin Biron on in the treatie, 'till he himselfe could goe 
 to London and provide for the better securing of the place, Avhich, 
 his distemper of health a little abating, he did ; and when the place 
 was well provided, Capt. Povdton, avIio was too gentle-hearted to 
 cut of Mr. Biron under a pretence of assenting to him, sent to him 
 to shift for himselfe, which Mr. Biron accordingly did : and now 
 the insun'ection began everywhere to breake out. 
 
 In the meane time, some months before, when the king had 
 layd the designe of the second warre with the Scotts, and em- 
 ploy 'd all his art to bring the English presbiters to a revolt, and was
 
 279 
 
 now full of hopes to bring about his game, and conquer those who 
 had conquered him, Avliile he was amusing the parliament with ex- 
 pectations of a treaty, he privily stole away from Hampton Court 
 by the assistance of Ashburnham and Berkley, no man knew 
 whither: but these Avise men had so order'd their busincsse, that 
 instead of going beyond seas, which Avas his first intent, he was 
 forct to give himsclfe up to Hammond, governor of the Isle of 
 Wight, Avho immediately gave notice to the parliament, and they 
 sent him thanks for his fidellity, and order'd that the king should be 
 honorably attended and guarded there in Carisbrook Castle. The 
 parliament were againe sending him propositions there, when they 
 receiv'd a letter from him, urging that he might come to a personal 
 treatie at London. Hereupon the two houses agreed on foure pro- 
 positions to be sent him, to passe as bills; upon the passing of 
 which, they were content he should come to a persouall treatie for 
 the rest. The foure propositions were, 1st. That a bill should passe 
 for the settUng the militia of the kingdome. 2dly, That all oaths, 
 declarations, &c. against the parliament and their adherents should 
 be call'd in. 3dly, That the lords made by the greate scale att Ox- 
 ford, should not be capable of sitting in the house of peers thereby. 
 4thly, That the parliament may have power to adiourne, as the two 
 houses think fitt. The Scotch commissioners oppos'd the sending 
 these bills to the king, and urg'd his coming to a personall treaty at 
 London. The king understanding their mind and the factions in 
 London, absolutely refus'd to signe them. Wherefore the houses 
 debating upon the king's deniall, at length these votes were pass'd 
 by both houses on the 17th day of January. That they would make 
 no more addresses, nor applications to the king. That no person 
 Avhatsoever should make addresse or apj)lication to him. That who- 
 ever should breake this order, should incurre the penalty of high 
 treason. That they would receive no more messages from the king, 
 and that no person should presume to bring any to cither house, or 
 
 c Q
 
 280 ^^ 
 
 any olher person. Upon llicsc votes tlie armie put forth a declara- 
 tion, promising to stand by the houses in them, which was sign'd by 
 the generall and all his officers, at Windsor, Jan. 19, 1647- But in 
 May folloAving, first tumults began in London, then the Surrey men 
 came with a very insolent petition, and behav'd themselves so ar- 
 rogantly to the parliament, killing and wounding some of the guards, 
 that a troope of horse were felcht from the Mewes, and were forc'd 
 to kill some of them, before they could quiet them. After ihis, the 
 |)arliamcnt were inform'd of another insurrection in Kent, comming 
 under the face of a petition, and sent out General Fairfax Avith 
 seven regiments to suppresse them, who persued them to Rochester. 
 A greate company of these Kentish men were gotten together about 
 Gravesend, with fifteene knights, and many commanders of the 
 king's armie to head them, who, although ihey were more in num- 
 ber then Fairfax his men, yet durst not bide his coming. Some of 
 them went to Dover Castle and besieg'd it, but the generall sent out 
 Sr. Michael Livesey, who happily releiv'd that place and rays'd the 
 siege; others went to Maidstone, and a few kept together about 
 Rochester. The generall himselfe went to Maidstone, where two 
 thousand of them were gotten into the towne, and resolv'd to keepe 
 it; whom the generall assaulted, and with difficulty enter'd the 
 towne, and fought for every streete, which were barricadoed against 
 him and defended with cannon. Yett at length he kill'd two 
 hundred, and tookc fourteene hundred prisoners. Foure hundred 
 horse broke away to an army of their friends, bigger then Fairfax 
 his, who saw the towne taken, yet had not the courage to engage 
 against the generall, in the rcliefe of it, but after they saw his vic- 
 tory dispcrs'd. The Lord Goring then having rallied about two 
 thousand of these Kentish men, led ihem to Greenwich, from 
 whence he sent to trie the affections of the Londoners; but while 
 he stay'd there expecting their answer, some troopes of the armie 
 came, upon the sight of whom, he and his men fled. The Kentish
 
 281 
 
 men, most of them to their owne houses, himselt'e, with about five 
 hundred horse, getting boate, crosst the Thames into Essex, where 
 the Lord Capel with forces out of Hertfordshire, and Sr. Charles 
 Lucas with a body of horse at Chehnsford, ioyn'd him, to whom, 
 in a short time, divers that liad bene the king's souldiers, many 
 Londoners, and other malhgnants, flocked in. Generall Fairfax, 
 with part of his forces, crossed tlie Thames at Gravesend, and send- 
 ing for all the rest out of Kent and London, persued the enemies 
 and drove them into Colchester, where he besieg'd them, and lay 
 before them three months. At last hearing of the defeate of Duke 
 Hamilton and the Scotts, and other of the king's partizans, and 
 being reduc'd to eating of horse-flesh, without hopes of reliefe, they 
 yielded to mercy. The generall shott Sr. Charles Lucas, and Sr, 
 George Lisle to death upon the place, and resei^'d Goring, Capell, 
 and others, to abide the doome of the parliament. While Fairfax 
 was thus employed in Kent and Essex, Langhorne, Powell, and 
 Poyer, celebrated commanders of the parliament side, revolted with 
 the places in 4;heir command, and gott a body of eight thousand 
 Welchmen, whom Coll. Horton, with three thousand, encounter'd, 
 vanquisht, routed and tooke as many prisoners as he had souldiers ; 
 but Langhorne and Powell escaped to Poyer, and shut up them- 
 selves with him in Pembroke Castle, a place so strong that they 
 refus'd all treaty; and thereupon were besieg'd by Lieftenant-Gene- 
 rall Cromwell, to whom at length, after some months siege, it was 
 surrender'd at the conqueror's mercy. In divers other countries, at 
 the same time, were severall insurrections and revolts, but those of 
 the parliament partie, as if they had lost courage and conscience att 
 once, could no more behave themselves with that vallour, which 
 had before renown'd them, and were .slaine or taken, loosing the 
 places they had betray 'd, to their old companions, whose fidellity 
 was crown'd with successe every where. Among the rest Colloncll 
 Gilbert Biron was risen, with other gentlemen of Nottinghamshire
 
 282 
 
 and liincolnshire, and had gotten together about five hundred horse ; 
 wherewith, after he fail'd of his hopes of corrupting the governor of 
 Nottingham, they intended to goe and ioyne theniseh'es Avith others 
 that were up in other countries : and this was so suddenly and 
 secretly done, that they were upon their march before the rising was 
 suspected. The governor of Nottingham had not time enough to 
 send a messenger to be before them with Coll. Hutchinson at his 
 house, therefore shott of a piece of cannon, which Coll. Hutchinson 
 hearing as he satt at dinner, and believing some extraordinary thing 
 to be in it, commanded horses to be made ready, and went to Not- 
 tingham ; but mett the messenger, who came to give him notice of 
 the enemies approach. The newes being sent home in hast, his 
 arms and writings, and other things of valine, were put in a cart 
 and sent away ; which was not long gone but the enemie march'd by 
 the house, and keeping their body on a hill at the towne's end, only 
 sent a party to the house to fetch them what provisions of meate 
 and drinke they found there, besides which, they tooke -nothing but 
 a groom Avith two horses, who being ridden out to ay re them, fell 
 into their mouths, because he could not be readily found when the 
 rest of the horses were sent away. The reason why no more mis- 
 chiefe was done by the cavaliers to his famely, at that time, was, 
 partly because Coll. Gilbert Biron had commanded not to disturbe 
 them, if he were noL there, and partly because they were so closely 
 pursued by the Lincolnshire troopes, that they could not stay to 
 take, nor would burthen themselves with plunder, now they saw it 
 unlikely to gett of without fighting. This they did the next day att 
 Willoughby within three miles of Owthorpe, and were there totally 
 routed, kill'd, and taken, by a party under Coll. Rossiter's com- 
 mand, by whom Coll. Biron was carried prisoner to Belvoir Castle. 
 There being in distresse, although he was an enemie, and had dealt 
 unhandsomely Avith Coll. Hutchinson, in endeavouring to cor- 
 rupt one for whom he was engag'd, yett the collonell sent him a
 
 283 
 
 summe of mony for his present reliefe, and after procur'd him a re- 
 Jease and composition with the parhament. The greatest of all 
 these dangers seem'd now to be in the north, Avhere Duke Hamil- 
 ton's faction being prevalent in Scotland, he had rays'd an armie, 
 and was march'd into England. Sr. Marmaduke Langdale and 
 Glenham, having already rays'd some men in those parts, whom 
 Lambert, with the assistance of some Lincolneshire forces, ioyn'd to 
 his Yorkshire brigade, kept in play: but they reserv'd themselves to 
 ioyne with Hamilton. Argyle, and others of the kirk party, pro- 
 tested against him, and many of the ministers curs'd his attempt, 
 but were silenc'd for it, although God heard them. The presbitc- 
 rians in London secretly pray'd for his successe, and hardly could 
 the house of lords be brought to ioyne with the house of commons, 
 in voting all the English traytors, that should ioyne with the Scotts, 
 which yet at the last they did. 
 
 Coll. Hutchinson hat'ing bene about this time at London, and 
 wanting a minister for the place where he lived, and for which he 
 had procur'd an augmentation, repair'd to some eminent ministers 
 in London, to recommend a worthy person to bun for the place. 
 They, with a greate testimoniall, pieferred a Scotchman to him, 
 whom the collonell brought downe : but having occasions to be 
 with the committee at Nottingham, to take order for the security of 
 the coi/nty in these dangerous times ; while he was out the man 
 made strange prayers in the famely, which were coucht in darke 
 expressions ; but Mrs. Hutchinson understanding them to be in- 
 t(Mided for the prosperous successe of those who were risen against 
 the parliament, and of his nation, that were coming to invade ours, 
 told her husband at his returne, that she could not beare with nor 
 ioyne in his prayers. The next day, being the Lord's Day, the 
 collonell heard his sermon, which was so spirillesse and so lament- 
 able, that he was very much vext the ministers should have put 
 such a man to him ; withall he publickly made the same prayers he
 
 284 
 
 uttcr'd in ihe faiDely for tlie successc of the Scolts; whereupon, 
 after dinner, the coUonell tooke him aside, and told him that he 
 had done very sinfully to undertake an office to which he was so ill 
 guifted, and desir'd him to depart in peace againe the next day, 
 and to forbeare any further employment in his house. The man at 
 first was very high, and told the colonell he was there by authority 
 of parliament, and would not depart ; the collonell then dealt high 
 with him, and told him he would declare lo them the expressions of 
 his prayers, and so confounded the man, that he besought him to 
 have pitie, and confest that he was fled from his o\\ ne country for 
 having bene of Montrosse's party, and that covetousnesse, against 
 his conscience, had drawne him to dissemble himselfe to be of the 
 parliament's principle, but that God had iudg'd him for his hipo- 
 crisie, and withdrawne his spiritt from him, since he practis'd it; 
 and submitted himselfe to go-e quietly and silently away, begging it 
 as a favour of the collonell, that he would permilt him so to doe. 
 He did it with such a counterfeit sorrow and conviction, that the 
 collonell, being of a most placable nature, freely forgave him, and 
 sent him not away empty, for he had fifteene pounds for only a 
 fortnight's service ; yet this rogue, before he went out of the coun- 
 try, went to the presbiters at Nottingham, and told them his con- 
 science would not perinitt him to stay in the collonell's house, be- 
 cause he and his wife were such violent sectaries, that no orthodox 
 man could live comfortably with them ; and this scandall those cha- 
 ritable priests were ready to receive and more largely spread it. 
 They themselves, wdlh divers of their zealous disciples, whom they 
 had perverted, among whom were Coll. Francis Pierrepont, Cap- 
 laines Rosse, White, Chadwick, and many others, were watching 
 opertunity to breake their covenant and rise against that parliament, 
 under which they had serv'd and sworne to assist them, till all de- 
 lincpienls, as well greater as lesse, were brought to condigne punish- 
 ment.
 
 285 
 
 At London tilings were in a very sad posture, the two factions 
 of presbitcry and independency being so engag'd to suppresse each 
 other, that tliey both left of to regard the public interest, insomuch 
 that att that time a certaine sort of publick-spirited men stood up in 
 the parliament and the armie, declaring against these factions and 
 the ambition of the grandees of both, and the parliallity that was in 
 these dayes jjraclis'd, by which greale men were privclledg'd to doe 
 those things which meaner men were punish'd for, and the iniustice 
 and other crimes of particular members of parliament, rather cover'd 
 then punish'd, to the scandall of the whole house. Many got shelter 
 in the. house and armie against their debts, by which others were 
 defrauded and undone. The lords, as if it were the chiefe interest 
 of nobillity to be licenc'd in vice, claim'd many prerogatives, which 
 sett them out of the reach of common iustice, which these jrood- 
 hearted people would have equally to belong to the poorest as 
 Avell as the mighty; and for this and such other honest declara- 
 tions, they were nicknamed Levellers. Indeed as all vertues are 
 mediums, and have their extreames, there rose up after in that 
 name a people, who endeavour'd the levelling of all estates and 
 quallities, which these sober levellers were never guilty of desiring, 
 but were men of iust and sober principles, of honest and religious 
 ends, and therefore hated by all the designing self-interested men of 
 both factions. Coll. Hutchinson had a great intimacy with many 
 of these ; and so far as they acted according to the iust, pious, and 
 publick spirilt, which they profess'd, own'd them and protected 
 them, as farre as he had power. These were they who first began 
 to discover the ambition of Lieftenant-general Cromwell and his 
 idolaters, and to suspect and dislike it. About this time, he was 
 sent downe, after his victory in Wales, to encounter Hamilton in 
 the north. When he Avent downe, the chiefe of these levellers fol- 
 lowing him out of the towne, to take their leaves of him, receiv'd 
 Rueh professions from hira, of a spiritt bent to persue the same iust
 
 286 
 
 and honest things that they desir'd, as they went away \vitli greatc 
 satisfaction, 'till they heard that a coachfuU of presbiterian priests 
 comming after them, went away no lesse pleas'd ; by which it was 
 apparent he dissembled with one or the other, and by so doing lost 
 his creditt with both. 
 
 When he came to Nottingham, Coll. Hutchinson went to see 
 him, whom he embrac'd with all the expressions of kindnesse that 
 one friend could make to another, and then retiring with him, prest 
 him to tell him what thoughts his fiiends, the levellers," had of him. 
 The coUonell, who was the freest man in the world from concealing 
 truth from his friend, especially when it was requir'd of him in love 
 
 ' The information Mrs. Hutchinson gives us on this subject is curious and valuable, 
 because it is unique. The mode here and before taken by Col, Hutchinson of readily 
 adopting a name which was intended him for a reproach, was certainly the best way 
 of disarming it of its sting. The principles held by that party of the levellers which 
 he supported, none venture openly to oppose, but try to attach to them the absurd 
 extreme of those he blames ; the modern philosophers who have stated that all men 
 have equal rights, but to unequal things, have not met with a much more candid 
 construction. The abuses Col. Hutchinson complained of, especially that of the 
 privilege of parliament, have since been a little diminished; but many families still 
 continue to be defrauded and undone by the shelter which members of parliament find 
 from their debts, and which seems long likely to continue a defect in our legislature, 
 and a reproach to our morals. Among a number of pamphlets published in Mr. Hutch- 
 inson's time, one was found at Owthorpe, setting forth the views and desires of these 
 inferior levellers. They therein stated, that they were willing to acknowledge the pro- 
 prietors of lands, and principally the lords of manors, as their elder brothers, and 
 rightfully possessed of the chief inheritance ; but prayed to be allowed to cultivate the 
 wastes and commons for their support. Whether the permitting and even encouraging 
 this under moderate reservations might not have been conducive to the public good, 
 is a question which seems to have been decided in the affirmative by the practice of 
 the French under the ancient government : a great share of the lands in every parish 
 having been thus granted out, and cultivated by small proprietors, who paid what was 
 called champarts, fieldings or tythos, being seven in the hundred ; the industry and 
 population this produced is felt by all Europe. Tiic abrogating these payments to the 
 lords, was one of the grand incitements to, and crimes of, the revolution.
 
 287 
 
 and plainnesse, not only told him Avhat others thought of him, but 
 what he himselfe conceiv'd, and how much it would darken all his 
 glories, if he should become a slave to his owne ambition, and be 
 guilty of what he gave the world iust cause lo suspect, and there- 
 fore begg'd of him to weare his heart in his face, and to scorne to 
 delude his enemies, but to make use of his noble courage, to main- 
 taine what he believ'd iust, against all greale oposers. Cromwell 
 made mighty professions of a sincere heart to him, but it is ceiteine 
 that for this and such like plaine dealing with him, he dreaded the 
 collonell, and made it his particular businesse to keepe him out of 
 the armie ; but the collonell never desiring command to serve him- 
 selfe, but his country, would not use that art he detested in others, 
 to procure himselfe any advantage. 
 
 At this time Coll. Thornhagh marcht with Cromwell, and at his 
 parting with Coll. Hutchinson, tooke such a kind leave of him, with 
 such deare expressions of love, such brotherly embraces, and such 
 regrett for any rash iealousies he had bene wrought into, that it 
 tooke greate impression in the collonell's kind heart, and might have 
 bene a presage to him that they should meet no more, Avhen they 
 parted with such extraordinary melting love ; but that Coll. Hutch- 
 inson's chearfull and constant spiritt never anticipated any evill 
 with feare. His prudence wanted not foresight that it might come, 
 yet his faith and courage entertein'd his hope, that God Avould either 
 prevent it, or helpe him lo beare it. 
 
 This summer the revolt was not greater at land then at sea. 
 Many of the greate ships sett the vice-admiral on shore, and sail'd 
 towards Holland to Prince Charles : to whom the Duke of Yorke 
 was come, having, by his father's advice, privately stolen away 
 from London, where the parliament had received and treated him 
 like a prince, ever since the surrender of Oxford. To reduce these 
 revolted ships, and preserve the rest of the navie from the like, the 
 Earle of Warwick was made lord high admirall of England. But 
 
 2 R
 
 288 
 
 at the same time his brother the Earle of Holland, who had floated 
 up and downe Avitli the tide of the times, rose alsoe against the par- 
 Hament, and appear'd in amies, with the young Duke of Bucking- 
 ham and Lord Francis Villars his brolher, and otliers, making about 
 five hundred liorse, at Kingston upon Thames. Here some of the 
 parhament troopes, assaihng them before they had time to grow, 
 they were totally routed and disperst. The Lord Francis Villars was 
 slaine ; the Earle of Holland, flying with those he could rally, was 
 fought wilh at S. Neots, Dalbier and others of his associates slaine, 
 and himselfe taken prisoner and carried to Warwick Castle. Buck- 
 ingham fled, and at last gott beyond seas, with a blott of base in- 
 gratitude and treachery, which began then to appeare, and hath 
 since markt out all his life. For these two lords being pupills, and 
 under the king's tuition, were carried with him to Oxford, where 
 they remain'd till the rendition of the place, and then comming to 
 London, in regard they Avere under age, had all their father and 
 mother's greate estates, freely, without any sequestration or compo- 
 sition, and while they enioy'd them, their secret intentions of rising 
 being discover'd to the parliament, the parliament would not secure 
 them, as some advis'd, but only sent a civill warning to the duke, 
 mindino- him how unhandsome it would be, if the information 
 should prove true ; whereupon the duke protested he had no such 
 intention, but utterly detested it, making all the expressions of iust 
 gratitude to them that could be, and yet, within very few days 
 after, openly shew'd himselfe in armes-, to tell the world how per- 
 lidious an hipocrite he was; for which the parliament exempted him 
 from pardon, and ever after detested his name, as one that rose only 
 to fall into contempt and obloquie. 
 
 "And now was Cromwell advanc'd into Lancashire, where Lam- 
 bert retreating from the invading Scotts, ioyn'd with him and made 
 up an armie of about ten thousand ; which were but few to en- 
 counter five and twenty thousand, led by Hamilton, Langdale, and
 
 289 
 
 other English ioyn'd with them. Yett neere Preston, in Lanca- 
 shire, they fought, and Cromwell gain'd an entire victory, about 
 the end of August, and had the chace of them for twenty miles, 
 wherein many fell, and many were taken prisoners. Hamilton him- 
 selfe, with a good parly of iiorse, iied to Uttoxeter, and was there 
 taken by the Lord Grey. But, in the beginning of this battle, the 
 valliant Coll. Thornhaoh was Avounded to death. Beins at the be- 
 ginning of the charge on a horse as couragious as became such a 
 master, he made such furious speed, to sett upon a company of 
 Scotch lanciers, that he was singly engaged and mortally wounded, 
 before it was possible for his regiment, though as brave men as ever 
 drew sword, and too afectionate to their collonell, to be slack in 
 following him, to come time enough to breake the furie of that 
 body, which shamed " not to unite all their force against one man : 
 who yet fell not among them, but being faint and all coA-er'd with 
 blood, of his enemies as well as his owne, was carried qf by some 
 of his owne men, wliile the rest, enrag'd for the losse of their deare 
 collonell, fought not that day like men of humane race : deafe to 
 the cries of every coward that ask'd mercy, they kill'd all, and 
 would not a captive should live to see their collonell die; but say'd 
 the whole kingdome of Scotland was too meane a sacrifice for that 
 brave man. His soule was hovering to take her flight out of his 
 body, but that an eager desire to know the successe of that battle, 
 kept it Avithin, till the end of the day, when the nerves being 
 brought him, he clear'd his dying countenance, and say'd, " I now 
 " reioyce to die, since God hath lett me see the overthrow of this 
 " perfidious enemy; I could not lose my life in a better cause, and 
 " 1 have the favour from God to see my blood aveng'd." So he 
 died, with a large testimony of love to his souldiers, but more to the 
 cause, and was by mercy remoov'd, that the temptations of future 
 
 ■= Shamed, used neutrally instead of were not ashamed^ blushed not.
 
 290 
 
 times might not prevaile to conupt his pure soule. A man of 
 greater courage and integritie fell not nor fought not in this glorious 
 cause ; he had also an excellent good nature, but easie to be 
 wrought upon by tiattereis, yett as flexible to the admonitions of his 
 friends; and this virtue he had, that if sometimes a cunning insinu- 
 ation prevail'd upon his easie faith, when his error was made 
 knowne to him, notwithstanding all his great courage, he was rea- 
 dier to acknowledge and repaire, then to persue his mistake.' Coll. 
 Thornhagh's regiment in the reducing of the garrison forces, had one 
 Maior Saunders (a Derbieshire man, who was a very godly, honest, 
 country gentleman, but had not many things requisite to a greate 
 souldier) assigned them for their maior, and with him he brought in 
 about a troopc of Derbieshire horse ; l^ut the Nottinghamshire 
 horse, who certainly were as brave men as any that drew swords in 
 the armie, had bene animated in all their service, by the dear love 
 they had to their collonell, and the glorie they tooke in him, and 
 their generous spiritts could not take satisfaction in serving under a 
 less man, which they all esteem'd their maior to be ; but remem- 
 b'rins: their successes under Coll. Hutchinson, and severall other 
 things that moov'd them to pitch their thoughts upon him, the cap- 
 taines addrest themselves to Cromwell, and acquainted him with 
 the discouragement and sorrow they had by the death of their 
 
 ' The valour of this gentleman seems to have been a favourite topic of admiration 
 and praise among his brother warriors. Jn Cromwell's letter (preserved by Whitelock) 
 wherein he gives an account of his victory, he laments " the death of this too brave 
 " gentleman." Ludlow is full in his praises of him, and adds a very picturesque cir- 
 cumstance ; " that as he lay wounded among his soldiers, he made them open to the 
 " right and left, that he might see the enemy run." But it is doubtful whether at any 
 time the pencil or the pen has consecrated any thing to the memory of a departed 
 chief, so animated, so appropriate, as this character and description, which we may 
 surely say Mrs. Hutchinson conceived in the very spirit that her hero lived and flou- 
 rished, fought and fell.
 
 291 
 
 collonell, for whom nothing could comfort them, but a successor 
 equal to himselfe, which they could not hope to find, so as they 
 might in the person of Coll. Hutchinson, with whose worth and 
 courage they were well acquainted, and he was now out of employ- 
 ment : the only difficulty was, whether he would acce})t the com- 
 mand or noe, which they hoped to prcvaile in, if he would obliege 
 them by sending lo Lord Fairfax, to stop all other wayes that might 
 be thought of for disposing it, till they could know whether Coll. 
 Hutchinson would accept it, for which they had prepar'd a mes- 
 senger to send to his house. Cromwell, with all the assentation 
 imaginable, seem'd to reioyce they had made so worthy a choyce, 
 and promis'd them to take care the regiment should not be dispos'd 
 of, till they receiv'd Coll. Hutchinson's answer ; whereupon the 
 captaines severally writt to Coll. Hutchinson, with most earnest 
 entreaties, that ho would give them leave to procure a conmiission 
 for him to conduct them, which the lieft. general had alheady pro- 
 mis'd to send for, if he pleas'd to accept it. 
 
 The collonell, though he had more inclination at that time, by 
 reason of the indisposition of his health, to rest, yet not knowing 
 whether the earnest desires of his countriemen were not from a 
 higher call, writt them word that he preferr'd the satisfaction of 
 their desires before his owne, and if the commission came to him to 
 be their leader, he would not refuse it, though he should not doe 
 aniething himselfe to seeke any command. Meanwhile Cromwell, 
 as soone as the Nottinghamshire men had imparted their desires to 
 him, sent for Saunders, and caioUing him, told him, none was so 
 fitt as himselfe to command the regiment, but that the regiment 
 thought not all of them soe, but Avere designing to procure them- 
 selves another collonell, which he advis'd him to prevent, by send- 
 ing speedily to the generall, to whom Cromwell also writt to further 
 the request, and before the messenger came back from Owthorpe 
 procur'd the commission for Saunders. When it came, he us'd all
 
 292 
 
 his art lo perswade the captaines to submitt to it, and to excuse 
 himselfe from having any hand in it ; but they peiceiv'd iiis dissinm- 
 lation, and the tioopes were so displeas'd vii[h it, that they thought 
 to have tlung downe their arms ; but their captaines perswaded tliem 
 to rest contented 'till the present expedition were over. But they 
 had not only this cheate and disappoyntment by Cronnvell, but all 
 the Nottingham captaines were pass'd over, and a less deserving 
 man made maior of the regiment. ' The new collouell and maior 
 made it their businesse to discountenance and atfront all that had 
 ,shew'd any desire of Coll. Hutchinson, and to wearie them out, that 
 they might fill up their roomes with Derbieshire men ; but assoone 
 as they gott to London, all that could otherwise dispose of them- 
 selves, went voluntarily of; and the rest that were forc'd to abide, 
 hated their commanders, and liv'd discontentedly under them. The 
 reasons that induc'd Cromwell to this, were two : first, he found that 
 Coll. Hutchinson understood him, and was too generous either to 
 feare or flatter him ; and he carried, though under a false face of 
 friendship, a deepe resentment of the colloncU's plaine dealing with 
 him at Nottingham. He had besides a designe, by insinuating 
 himselfe into Coll. Saunders, to flatter him into the sale of a towne 
 of his call'd Ireton, which Cromwell earnestly desir'd to buy for 
 Maior General Ireton, who had mariied his daughter, and when 
 at last he could not obteine it, in process of time, he tooke the 
 regiment away from him againe."" Coll. Hutchinson was not at 
 all displeas'd that the regiment Avas not given to him, but highly 
 resented it that the men were ill us'd for their affections to him ; 
 and Avas sorrie that this particular carriage of Cromwell's gave him 
 
 ■" Tliis gentleman is mentioned in Granger's Biography; and there is a print of 
 him in the hands of some curious collectors, peculiarly of John Townely, Esq. He is 
 said to be of Ireton, in Derbyshire ; but Ireton is believed to be in the Vale of 
 Belvoir.
 
 '293 
 
 such a proofe of other things suspected of him, so destructive to tlie 
 whole cause and party, as it afterwards fell out. 
 
 Sr. ]\Iarmaduke Langdale, after the rout of Hamilton, came 
 with two or three other officers, to a little alehouse, Avhich was upon 
 Coll. Hutchinson's land, and there was so circumspect, that some 
 country fellowes, who saw them by chance, suspecting they were 
 no ordinary trHvellers, acquainted Mr. Widmerpoole, who liv'd 
 within two or three miles, and had bene maior to the collonell in the 
 first war : whereupon he came forth, with some few others, and sent 
 downe to the collonell to acf^uainl him that some suspicious persons 
 were at the lodge. The collonell, hearing of it, tooke his servants 
 out, and was approacht near the house, when Maior Widmerpoole, 
 being beforehand in the house, had given Langdale some iealousie 
 that he might be surpriz'd, therefore one of his company went out 
 to fetch out his horses, which were stopp'd for the present, and they 
 seeing the collonell comming up towards them, render'd themselves 
 prisoners to Maior W idmerpoole, and were sent to Nottingham Castle, 
 where they continued some months, till at last Langdale finding an 
 opertunity, corrupted one of the guard, who furnisht him with a soul- 
 dier' s disguise, and ran away with him. The maior, who had bene 
 baffled by these persons, if the collonell had not come in, had all 
 the booty, which the collonell never tooke share of anie where : but 
 the maior thinking the best of his spoyles iustly due to him, pre- 
 sented him with a case or two of very fine pistolls, which he ac- 
 cepted. 
 
 About this time, the gentlemen that were commissioners for 
 the king at Newark, fell into disputes one Avith another; nor only 
 see, but suites were commenc'd in the chancery upon this occasion. 
 One Atkins, and severall other rich men at Newark, when that 
 garrison began to be fortified for the king, lent certeine summcs of 
 mony, for the carrying on of that worke, to the commissioners of 
 array, for which those gentlemen became bound to the Newarkers,
 
 294 
 
 After the taking in of that towne by the parliament, they, as other 
 persons, comming in Avithin the sett time, were admitted lo com- 
 position. Having bene so cunning as to put out their mony in 
 other names, they ventur'd to leave out these summes, believing 
 they were putt into such sure hands, that it would never be dis- 
 cover'd. Mr. Sutton, Sr. Thomas Williamson, Sr. John Digby, 
 8r. Gervas Eyre, the Lord Chaworth, Sr. Thomas Blackwell, Sr. 
 Roger Cowper, Sr. Richard Biron, and others, had given bond for 
 this mony, which Mr. Sutton presenting to the king, as a sunmie 
 that he had rays'd to signalize his loyalty ; the king, to reward him, 
 made him a baron. The whole summe thus taken up for the king's 
 service, was eight or ten thousand pounds ; fifteen hundred of it, 
 that was lent by Atkinson, being demanded, would have bene 
 pay'd, but they would not take the principall without the interest. 
 Sr. Thomas Williamson Avas openly arrested for it in Westminster 
 Hall ; upon which Mr. Sutton and he, being madded, put in a bill 
 in chancery against Atkinson and others, praying that they might 
 sett forth to Avhat ends and uses this mony was lent to the sa^'d 
 gentlemen, &c. &c. 
 
 The parliament had made a law, that all estates of delinquents, 
 conceal'd and uncompounded for, should be forfeited, one halfe to 
 the state, and the other halfe lo the discoverer, if he had any arrears 
 due to him from the parliament, in payment of them. There were 
 clearkes and sollicitors, who in those days made a trade of hunting 
 out such discoveries, and making them knowne to such as had any 
 arrears due to them. Coll. Hutchinson att that time had receiv'd 
 no pay at all. One of the clearkes of that committee, which Avas 
 appoynted for such discoveries, sent him Avord that tAvo officers of 
 the armie Avere upon this chancery bill, endeavouring to make a 
 discovery of certeine conceal'd monies in Nottinghamshire, which 
 being his owne country, he thought might be more proper for him. 
 Coll. Hutchinson, Avho had never any mind to disadvantage any of
 
 295 
 
 the gentlemen of the country, dcniurr'd upon this information, and 
 did nothing in it, till some came to him, intimating a desire of my 
 Lord Lexington's, that the collonell would pitch upon that for the 
 payment of his arrears, that so they might fall into the hands of a 
 neighbour, who would use them civilly rather then of a stranger. 
 After that the collonell was thus invited by the gentlemen them- 
 selves, to pitch upon this mony, he wav'd all the rest, and onl}' 
 enter'd as his discoverie, that mony which these townsmen of New- 
 ark had lent, and upon full search and hearing att the conunittee, 
 the mony was found to be forfeited mony, and the debtors were 
 order'd to pay it into the committee, and Coll. Hutchinson had 
 alsoe an order to receive his arreare from that committee of Haber- 
 dasher's Hall. Hereupon Sr. Thomas Williamson and Lord Lex- 
 ington, who being the men of the best estates, were principally 
 lookt upon for the debt, applied themselves to Coll. Hutchinson, 
 begging as a favour that he would undertake the management of the 
 order of sequestration, given out upon their estates, and would alsoe 
 obliege them, by bringing in severall other gentlemen, that were 
 bound to beare proportionable shares. The collonell, to gratify 
 them, gott the order of secjuestration, and brought them to an ac- 
 commodation, wherein every man, according to his ability, agreed 
 upon an equall proportion ; and the gentlemen, especially Mr. Sut- 
 ton, acknowledg'd a very greate obligation to the collonell, Avho had 
 brought it to so equall a composition among them ; and then, upon 
 their owne desires, the order of sequestration was lay'd upon their 
 estates, but managed by one of their owne bayliffes, only to free 
 them from inconveniences, that otherwise would have come upon 
 them. Some of them made use of it to get in arreares of rent, 
 which they knew not how elce any way to have gotten, and for 
 which att that time they pretended the greatest seuce of gratitude 
 and obligation imaginable. The collonell alsoe procur'd them 
 dayes of payment, so that whereas it should have been pay'd this 
 
 2 S
 
 296 
 
 Michaelmasse l648, it was not pay'd till a yeare after, and for these 
 and many other favours in this occasion, was then courted as their 
 patrone, though afterAvards this civillity had hke to have bene his 
 mine. Aiid now, about Michaehnasse 1648, he went to attend his 
 duty att the parhainent, carrying his whole family willi hun, be- 
 cause his house had bene so ruined by the warre that he could no 
 longer live in it, 'till it were either repair'd or new built. On com- 
 ming to London, he himselfe tell into his old distemper of rheunie, 
 with more violence than ever, and being weary of those phisitians 
 he had so long, with so little successe, employ 'd, he was recom- 
 mended to a young doctor, sonne to old Dr. Rudgely, whose ex- 
 cellence in his art was every where knowne, and his sonne being a 
 very ingenious person, and considering himselfe, and consulting 
 with his father, believ'd that all the other phisitians who had dealt 
 with him, had mistaken his disease, which he finding more truly- 
 cut, in a short space perfectly cur'd him of the gowt, and restor'd 
 him, by God's blessing on his endeavours, to such a condition of 
 health as he had not enioy'd for two yeares before. When he was 
 Avell againe to attend the house, he found the presbyterian party so 
 prevalent there, that the victories obtein'd by the army displeas'd 
 them, and so hot they grew in the zeale of their faction, that they 
 fiom thenceforth resolv'd and endeavour'd to close Avith the common 
 enemie, that they might thereby compasse the destruction of their 
 independent brethren. To this end, and to strengthen their faction, 
 they gott in again the late suspended members ; Avhereof it was say'd, 
 and by the consequence appear'd true, that Mr. Ilollis, during his 
 secession, had bene in France, and there meeting with the queene, 
 had pieced up an ungodly accommodation Avith her : although he 
 were the man that, when at the beginning, some of the soberer men, 
 who foresaw the sad issues of Avarre and victorie on either side, Avere 
 labouring an accommodation, openly in the house say'd, " He ab- 
 " horr'ii that Avord Accommodation." After these Avere gotten in
 
 297 
 
 againe, and encourag'd by the presbiterian ministers and the people 
 in tlie city, they procur'd a revocation of the votes formerly made, 
 with such convincing reasons publickly declar'd for the same, why 
 they had resolv'd of no more addresses to be made to the king. 
 And now nothing was agitated with more violence then a new per- 
 sonall treaty with honor and freedome ; and even his comniing lo 
 the city, before any security given, w as labour'd for, but that pre- 
 vaii'd not. Such were the heates of the two parties, that Mr. Hollis 
 challeng'd Ireton, even in the house ; out of which they both went 
 to have fought, but that one Aviio sate neere them overheard the 
 wicked Avhisper, and prevented the execution of it. 
 
 Amidst tliese things, at last a treaty was sent to the king, by 
 commissionerii, who went from both houses, to the Isle of Wight, 
 and although there were some honorable persons in this commission, 
 yett it cannot be denied, but that they were carried away by the 
 other, and concluded upon most dangerous termes, an agreement 
 with the king. He would not gi\»e up bishops, but only lease out 
 their revenues ; and upoiir the whole, such were the termes, upon 
 which the king was to be restor'd, that the whole cause was evi- 
 dently given up to him. Only one thing he assented to, to acknow- 
 ledge himselfe guilty of the blood spilt in the late warre, with this 
 proviso, that if the agreement were not ratified by the house, then 
 this concession should be of no force against him." The com- 
 missioners that treated with him had bene caiol'd and biassed with 
 the promises of greate honors and offices to every one of them, and 
 so they brought back their treaty to be confirm'd by the houses ; 
 where there was a very high dispute about them, and they sate up 
 most part of the night, when at lengdi it was voted to accept his 
 
 " Certainly there are many strange things to be found in the history of diplomacy, 
 but perhaps none so strange as that an assertion should be admitted to be provisionalh/ 
 true.
 
 298 
 
 concessions, the dissenting party being fewer then the other that 
 were carried on in the faction. Coll. Hutchinson was that nio;ht 
 amono; them, and beins; convinc'd in his conscience that both the 
 cause, and all those Avho with an upright honest heart asserted and 
 niaintain'd it, were betrey'd and sold for nothing, he addrest him- 
 selfe to those commissioners he had most honorable thoughts of, 
 and urg'd his reasons and apprehensions to them, and told them 
 that the king, after having bene exasperated, vanquish't, and cap- 
 tiv'd, would be restor'd to that power, Avhich was inconsistent Avith 
 the liberty of the people, who for all their blood, treasure, and 
 misery, would reape no fruite, but a confirmation of bondage, and 
 that it had bene a thousand times better, never to have struck one 
 stroke in the quan'cll, then, after victory, to yield up a righteous 
 cause ; whereby they should not only betrey the interest of their 
 country and the trust repos'd in them, and those zealous friends who 
 had engag'd to the death for them, but be false to the covenant of 
 their God, which was to extirpate prelacy, not to lease it.° They 
 acknowledg'd to him that the conditions were not so secure as they 
 ought to be ; but in regard of the growing power and insolence of 
 the army, it was best to accept them. They further say'd, that 
 they enioying those trusts and places, which they had secur'd for 
 themselves and other honest men, should be able to curb the king's 
 exorbitances ; and such other things they say'd, wherewith the col- 
 lonell dissatisfied, oppos'd their proceedings as much as he could. 
 When the vote was past, he, telling some men of understanding, 
 that he was not satisfied in conscience to be included with the maior 
 part, in this vote, which was contrary to their former engagements 
 to God, but thought it fitt to teslifie their publick dissent, he and 
 
 " There is, among Clarendon's State Papers, a letter from the queen to the king, 
 assuring him that those with whom he had to deal were too penetrating to be duped by 
 this artifice ; if they were, or pretended to be, the queen was not.
 
 299 
 
 foure more enter'd into the house-book a protestation against that 
 night's votes and proceedings/ Whether it yett remains there, or 
 whether some other of them golt it out, he knew not, but he much 
 wondei'd, after the change and scrutinie into all these things, that 
 he never heard the least mention of it. 
 
 By this violent proceeding of the presbiterians they finisht the 
 destruction of him in whose restitution they were now so fiercely 
 engag'd, for this gave heart to tlie vanquisht cavaliers, and such 
 courage to the captive king that it hardened him and them to their 
 mine. On the other side it so frighted all the honest people, that 
 it made them as violent in their zeale to pull downe, as the others 
 were in their madnesse to restore, this kingly idoll, and the armie, 
 who were principally levcU'd and mark'd out for the sacrifice and 
 peace offering of this ungodly reconcilliation, had some colour to 
 persue their late arrogant usurpations upon that authority which it 
 was their duty rather to have obey'd then interrupted; but the de- 
 bates of that night, which produc'd such destructive votes to them 
 and all their friends, being reported to them, they the next morn- 
 ing came and seized about of the members as they were 
 going to the house, and can-ied them to a house hard by, where 
 they were for the present kept prisoners. Most of the presbiterian 
 faction, distasted at this insolence, Avould no more come to their 
 seates in the house ; but the gentlemen Avho were of the other fac- 
 tion, or of none at all, but look'd upon themselves as calfd out to 
 manage a publick trust for their country, forsooke not their seates 
 while they were permitted to sitt in the house.' Coll. Hutchinson 
 was one of these who infinitely dislik'd the action of the armie, and 
 had once before bene instrumentall in preventing such another rash 
 
 V Ludlow says lie "wished to do this very thing, but cosild not. 
 
 1 Whitelock, who was exactly in the same predicament^ acted in the same manner, 
 and gives the same reasons for it.
 
 300 
 
 nttempt, which some of the discerning and honest members having 
 a iealousie of, sent him doAvn to discover. When he came, going 
 first to commissar\' Ircton's quarters, he found him and some of the 
 soberer officers of the armie in greate discontent, for that the 
 Ikfteiunit-generall had given order for a sudden advance of the armie 
 to London, upon the intehigence they had had of tlie violent pro- 
 ceedings of the other party, whereupon Cromwell was then in the 
 mind to have come and broken them up; but Coll. Hutchinson, 
 with otheis, at that time perswaded him that, notwithstanding the 
 prevalency of the presbiterian faction, yet there were many who 
 had upright and honest hearts to the publick interest, who had not 
 deserv'd to be so us'd by them, and who could not ioyne with them 
 in any such irregidar wayes, although in all iust and equitable things 
 they would be their protectors. Whereupon at that time he Avas 
 slay'd;' but having now drawne the armie neerer London, they put 
 this insolent force upon the house. Those who were sufter'd to re- 
 maine, not at all approoving thereof, sent out their mace to demand 
 their members, but the souldiers would not obey. Yet the parlia- 
 ment thought it better to sitt still and goe on in their duty then give 
 
 ' Mrs. Hutcliinsori does Iieton that justice which Whitelock refuses hinij who seems 
 to consider him in the light of an instigator; but this is clearly decided by Ludlow, 
 who declares that " he himself, being sensible that the presbyterian party were deter- 
 " mined to sacrifice the common cause to the pleasure of triumphing over the inde- 
 " pendents and the army, by agreeing with the king, or by any means, went down to 
 " apprize Fairfax and Ireton, then at the siege of Colchester, of this design, and to 
 " court the interposition of the army. Fairfax readily agreed, but Ireton demurred 
 " to interfering till tlie i<ing and presbyterians should have actually agreed, and the 
 " body of the nation been convinced of the iniquity of their coalition." Additional 
 provocations and imperious circumstances afterwards constrained him, but he acted no 
 conspicuous part in the business. — In this diiference of opinion respecting the inter- 
 ference of the army we may see the source of the dissention which more openly took 
 place afterwards between Col. Hutchinson and Ludlow, and caused the latter to calum- 
 niate Col. Hutchinson as he did.
 
 301 
 
 up aM, in so distemper'd a time, into the hands of the souldiery, 
 especially there having bene so specious a pretext of the necessity 
 of securing the whole interest and party from the treachery of those 
 men who contended so earnestly to give up the victors into the 
 hands of their vanquisht enemies. Many petitions had bene brought 
 to the parliament from thousands of the well-aftected of the cilie of 
 London and Westminster and burrough of Southwark, and from 
 severall counties in England, and from the severall regiments of the 
 armie, whereof Coll. Ingolsbye's was one of the first, all urging them 
 to performe their covenant, and bring delinquents, without partial- 
 lity, to iustice and condigne punishment, and to make enquiry for 
 the guilt of the blood that had bene shed in the land in both warres, 
 and to execute iustice ; least the not improoving the mercies of God 
 should bring iudgments in their roome. 
 
 Then alsoe a declaration to the same purpose was presented to 
 the house from the lord generall Fairfax and his councell of officers, 
 and strange it is how men that could afterwards pretend such re- 
 luctancy and abhon-ence of those things that were done, should for- 
 gett tliey were the effective answer of their petitions. 
 
 After the purgation of the house, upon new debate of the treaty 
 at the Isle of Wight, it was concluded dangerous to the realme and 
 destructive to the better interest, and the triall of the king was de- 
 termin'd. He was sent for to Westminster, and a commission given 
 forth to a court of high iustice, whereof Bradshaw, scrieant at law, 
 was president, and divers honorable persons of the parliament, citie, 
 and armie, nominated commissioners. Among them Coll. Hutch- 
 inson was one, who, very much against his owne will, was put in, 
 but looking upon himselfe as call'd hereunto, durst not refuse it, 
 as holding himselfe oblieg'd by the covenant of God and the 
 publick trust of his country repos'd in him, although he was not 
 ignorant of the danger he runne as tiic condition of LJiiugs then 
 was.
 
 302 
 
 In January l648 the court sate, the king was brought to his 
 triall, and a charge clrawne up against him for leavving warre against 
 the pariianicnt and people of England, for bctrejing iheir publick 
 trust reposed in him, and for being an implacable enemie to the 
 commonwealth. But the king refus'd to plead, disowning the au- 
 thority of the court, and after three severall dayes persisting in con- 
 tempt thereof, he was sentenc'd to suffer death.' One thing was 
 remark'd in him by many of the court, that when the bloud spilt 
 in many of the battles where he was in his owne person, and had 
 caus'd it to be shed by his owne command, was lay'd to his charge, 
 he heard it with disdainefull smiles, and looks and gestures, which 
 rather exprest sorrow that all the opposite party to him was not cutt 
 off, then that any were: and he stuck not to declare in words that 
 no man's blood spilt in this quarrel troubled him but only one, 
 meaning the Earle of Strafford. The gentlemen that Avere ap- 
 poynted his iudges, and divers others, saw in him a disposition so 
 bent on the mine of all that oppos'd him, and of all the righteous 
 and inst things they had contended for, that it was upon the con- 
 sciences of many of them that if they did not execute iustice upon 
 him, God would require at their hands all the blood and desolation 
 which should ensue by their suffering him to escape, when God had 
 
 = Witliout entering into tlie mo-its of tlie question, we may safely assert tliat tlie 
 trial of the king was withoid precedent, though many sovereigns had been deposed and 
 put to death without trial. It may appear fanciful to many to suggest that the pre- 
 cedent set at this period could have any influence on the fate of the unfortunate 
 Louis XVI ; but those who have well observed the proneness of the Frencli to mi- 
 mickry {lingerie), and peculiarly at the time of their first revolution, their Anglo- 
 mania, or apeing of the English (preferably in their foibles), will not be far from 
 believing that this precedent emboldened them to the mockery of justice, which they 
 exhibited in his trial and condemnation. It is true that many, and even most, circum- 
 stances were wanting to render the cases parallel ; but they were determined to come 
 up to the height of the English revolution (a la hauteur des Anglois), and therefore 
 malice and invention supplied all deficiencies.
 
 '?/"\« 
 
 03 
 
 brought him into iheir liands. Allhoiigh the niallice of the mal- 
 lignanl party and their apostate brethren seem'd to threaten them, 
 yett they thought they ought to cast themselves upon God, while 
 they acted with a good conscience for him and their country. Some 
 of them after, to excuse, belied themselves, and sayd they were 
 under the awe of the armie, and overperswaded by Cromwell, and 
 the like; but it is certeine that all men herein were left to their free 
 liberty of acting, neither perswaded nor compelled; and as there 
 were some nominated in the commission who never sate, and others 
 who sate at first, but durst not hold on, so all the rest might have 
 declin'd it if they would, Avhen it is apparent they should have suf- 
 fer'd nothing by so doing. For those who then declin'd were after- 
 wards, Avhen they offer'd tliemselves, receiv'd in againe, and had 
 places of more trust and benefitt then those who run the utmost 
 hazard ; which they deserv'd not, for I know upon certeine know- 
 ledge that many, yea the most of them, retreated not for consci- 
 ence, but for feare and Avorldly prudence, foreseeing that the inso- 
 lency of the armie might grow to that heighth as to ruine the cause, 
 and reduce the kingdome into the hands of the enemie; and then 
 those who had bene most couragious in their country's cause should 
 be given up as victims. These poore men did privately animate 
 those who appeai'd most publiquely, and I knew severall of them 
 in whom I liv'd to see that saying of Christ fulfill'd, " He that Avill 
 " save his life shall loose it, and he that for my sake will loose his 
 " life shall save it;" when after it fell out that all their prudent de- 
 clensions sav'd not the lives of some nor the estates of others. As 
 for Mr. Hutchinson, although he was very much confnm'd in his 
 iudgment concerning the cause, yett here being call'd to an extra- 
 ordinary action, whereof many Avere of scA'^erall minds, he addi'ess'd 
 himselfe to God by prayer, desiring the Lord that, if through any 
 humane frailty he were led into any error Or false opinion in these 
 greate transactions, he would open his eies, and not suffer him to
 
 304 
 
 proceed, but that he would confirine his spiritt in the truth, and 
 lead him by a right-enlightned conscience; and finding no check, 
 but a confirmation in his conscience that it was his duty to act as 
 he did, he, upon serious debate, both privately and in his addresses 
 to God, and in conferences with conscientious, upright, unbiassed 
 persons, proceeded to sign the sentence against the king. Although 
 he did not then believe but it might one day come to be againe dis- 
 puted among men, yett both he and others thought they could not 
 refuse it without giving up the people of God, whom they had led 
 forth and engaged themselves unto by the oath of God, into the 
 hands of God's and their enemies, and therefore he cast himselfe 
 upon God's protection, acting according to the dictates of a con- 
 science which he had sought the Lord to guide, and accordingly the 
 Lord did signalize his favour afterwards to him.' 
 
 After the death of the kins; it was debated and resolv'd to change 
 the forme of government from monarchical! into a commonwealth, 
 and the house of lords was voted dangerous and useless thereunto, 
 and dissolved. A councell of state Avas to be annually chosen for 
 tlie management of aft'aires, accountable to the parliament, out of 
 which, consisting of 40 councellors and a president, 20 were every 
 
 ' The account here given of Col. Iliitcliinsoa's motives in this great transaction is 
 most ingenuouSj and lays his conduct fairly open to the discussion and decision of the 
 reader, who, according to his own feelings, will determine it for himself to be com- 
 mendahh, censurable, or venial. The legislature unanimously voted it venial. — It 
 would be an invidious, but not a very difficult task, to point out the persons who, by 
 their politic declensions, failed of saving their lives and estates; but it is worthy notice 
 that Fairfax, after the restoration, with that ingenuousness which belonged to him, 
 declared (Ludlow, vol. iii. p. 10), " that if any person must be excepted from pardon 
 " for the death of the king, he knew no man that deserved it more than himself, who 
 " being general of the army, and having power sufficient to prevent the proceedings 
 " against the king, bad not thought fit to use it to that end." It is needless to mul- 
 tiply examples, one reasoning extending to the whole.
 
 305 
 
 yeare to goe of by lot, and 20 new ones lo be supplied. IL is true 
 that at that time every niau alhnost was fancying a forme " of go- 
 vernment, and angrie, when this came forth, that his invention 
 tookc not place; and among these John Lilburne, a turbulent- 
 spirited man, that never was quiet in any thing, publisht libclls, 
 and the levellers made a disturbance with a kind of insurrection, 
 ■which Cromwell soon appeased, they indeed being betrey'd by their 
 ow^ne leaders. 
 
 But how the publique businesse went on, how Cromwell finisht 
 the conquest of Ireland, how the angrie presbiterians spitt fii-e out 
 of their pulpitis, and endeavour'd to blow up the people against the 
 parliament, how they enter'd into a treasonable conspiracy with 
 Scotland, who had now received and crown d the sonne of the late 
 king, who led them in hither in a greate armie, which the Lord of 
 hosts discomfited; how our publick ministers were assassinated and 
 murther'd in Spayne and Holland, and how the Dutch, in this un- 
 settlement of affaires, hoped to gaine by making w^arre, wherein they 
 were beaten and brought to sue for peace, I shall leave to the stories 
 that were then written, and only in generall say that the hand of 
 God Avas mightily scene in prospering and preserving the parliament 
 till CromwcH's ambition unhappily interrupted them. Mr. Hutch- 
 inson was chosen into the first councell of state, much against his 
 owne will ; for, understanding that his cousin Ireton was one of the 
 commissioners to nominate that councell, he sent his wife to him, 
 before he went to the house, that morning they were to be named, 
 to desire him, upon all the scores of kindred and kindnesse tliat 
 had bene betweene them, that he might be left out, in regard that 
 he had allready wasted his time and his estate in the parliament ser- 
 vice; and having neither had recompense for his losses, nor any 
 
 " A natural consequence of great popular revolutions, in which the modern French 
 have had the glory of outdoing all the world ! ,
 
 o 
 
 06 
 
 ofSce of benefitt, it would finish liis mine, to be tied by this em- 
 ployment to a close and chargeable attendance, besides the incon- 
 venience of his health, not yet thoroughly confirm'd, his constitu- 
 tion more suitable to an active then to a sedentary life: these and 
 other things he privately urg'd to him; but he, that was a man 
 reo-ardlesse of his owne or any man's private interest, wherever he 
 thought the publick service might be advantag'd, insteed of keeping 
 him out, got him in, when the collonell had prevail'd with others to 
 have indulg'd him that ease he desir'd. Mr. Hutchinson, after he 
 had endeavour'd to decline this employment and could not, thought 
 that herein, as in other occasions, it being put upon him without 
 his owne desire, God had call'd him to his service in councells as 
 formerly in arms*, and applied hiniselfe to this alsoe, wherein he did 
 his duty faithfully, and employ 'd his power to relieve the oppressed 
 and delected, freely becomming the advocate of those Avho had 
 bene his late enemies, in all things that Avere iust and charitable. 
 Though he had now an oppertunity to have enricht himselfe, as 'tis 
 to be fear'd some in all times have done, by accepting rewards for 
 even iust assistances, and wanted not many who offer'd them and 
 soUicited him therein, yet such was his generous nature that he ab- 
 horr'd the mention of aniething like reward, though never so iustly 
 merited, and although he did a thousand high oblieging kindnesses 
 for many, both friends and enemies, he never had aniething in 
 mony or presents of any man." The truth is, on the contrary, he 
 mett with many that had not the good manners to make so much 
 as a civill verball acknowledgment. Among the rest one Sr. John 
 
 " The lists of the two first councils, which embraced almost the whole duration of 
 the republic, are preserved by Whitelock, and Col. Hutchinson is in each of them: 
 he went out at tlie formation of the third. It is extremely to be regretted that JNIrs. 
 Hutchinson should have been so concise in this part of her history, it being a period 
 which naturally excites much curiosity, but of which we have only indistinct, and, 
 generally speaking, invidious and partial accounts.
 
 307 
 
 Owen may stand for a pillar of ingratitude. This man was wholly 
 iinknoxvnc to him, and with Duke Hamilton, the Earle of Holland, 
 the Lord Capell, and the Lord Goring, condemn'd to death by a 
 second high court of iftstice. Of this though the collonell was no- 
 minated a commissioner, he would not sitt, his unbloody nature 
 desiring to spare the rest of the delinquents, after the highest had 
 sutFer'd, and not delighting in the death of men, when they could 
 live without cruelty to better men. The parliament alsoe was will- 
 ing to shew mercy to some of these, and to execute others for 
 example; whereupon the whole house was diversely engag'd, some 
 for one and some for another of these lords, and striving to cast 
 away those they were not concern'd in, that they might save their 
 friends. While there was such mighty labour and endeavour for 
 these lords. Coll. Hutchinson observ'd that no man spoke for this 
 poore knight, and sitting next to Coll. L'eton, he express'd himselfe 
 to him and told him, that it pittied him much to see that, while all 
 were labouring to save the lords, a gentleman, that stood in the 
 same condemnation, should not find one friend to aske his life; 
 " and so," sayd he, " am I moov'd with compassion that, if you will 
 " second me, I am resolv'd to speake for him, who, I perceive, is a 
 " stranger and friendlesse." Ireton promis'd to second him, and 
 accordingly enquiring further of the man's condition, whether he 
 had not a petition in any member's hand, he found that his keepers 
 had brought one to the clearke of the house, but the man had not 
 found any one that would interest themselves for him, thinking the 
 lords' lives of so much more concernment then this gentleman's. 
 This the more stirr'd up the collonell's generous pitly, and he took 
 the petition, deliver'd it, spoke for him so nobly, and was so ef- 
 fectually seconded by Ireton, that they carried his pardon clear. 
 Yet although one who knew the whole circumstance of the busi- 
 nesse, how Mr. Hutchinson, moov'd by meere compassion and ge- 
 nerosity, had procur'd his life, told him, wiio admir'd his owne
 
 308 
 
 escape, how it came about, he never was the man that so much 
 as once came to give him thankes; nor was his fellow prisoner 
 Gorino-, for whom the collonell had alsoe eftectually sollicited, more 
 grateful." 
 
 Some of the army, being very desireous to get among them a 
 person of whose fidellity and integrity to the cause they had so 
 good experience, had moov'd it to the generall, my lord Fairfax, 
 who had commanded, to have it enquir'd what way he would chuse 
 to be cm ploy 'd, and when he had told them that, in regard of his 
 famely, wliich he would not Avillingly be much absent from, he 
 should rather accept the government of some towne then a field 
 employment, fourc governments were brought to him, to elect which 
 he would have; whereof Plimmouth and Portsmouth, and one more 
 in the west, being at a vast distance from his owne country, Hull 
 in the north, though a lesse beneficiall charge then the other, he 
 made choice of, thinking they had not offer'd him anietUing but 
 what was fairely fallen into their dispose. Soone after this the 
 iicftenant-gencrall, Cromwell, desir'd him to meete him one after- 
 noone att a committee, where, when he came, a mallicious accusa- 
 tion against the governor of Hull was violently prosecuted by a 
 fierce faction in that towne. To this the governor had sent up a 
 very faire and honest defence, yet most of the committee more fa- 
 vouring the adverse faction, were labouring to cast out the governor. 
 Coll. Hutchinson, though he knew him not, was very earnest in his 
 
 y This is differently represented by Whitelock, Rapin, and Ludlow. Whitelock 
 says simply that he was reprieved; Rapin, that his sentence was suspended, because 
 he should have been tried by an inferior court; and Ludlow, that Iretoa moved the 
 house in his favour, omitting Col. Hutchinson either by negligence or design: there 
 is some reason to think it to have been by the latter. Notwithstanding Col. Hutch- 
 inson experienced ingratitude from many individuals, the general and collective sense 
 of bis justice and benevolence will be seen to have its full operation in his favour in 
 the sequel.
 
 309 
 
 derenco, whereupon Cromwell drew him aside, and askt him what 
 he meant to contend so, to keepe in that governor? (it was Over- 
 ton.) The collonell told him, because he saw nothing proov'd against 
 him worthy of being eiected. " But," sayd Cromwell, " we like 
 " him not." Then sayd the collonell, " Doe it upon that account, 
 " and blemish not a man that is innocent, upon false accusations, 
 " because you like him not." " Bui," sayd Cromwell, " wee would 
 " have him out, because the government is design'd for you, and 
 " except you put him out you cannot have the place." At this the 
 collonell was very angrie, and with greate indignation told him, if 
 there was no way to bring him into their army but by casting out 
 others uniustly, he- would rather fall naked before his enemies, then 
 so seeke to put hiraselfe into a posture of defence. Then returning 
 to the table, he so eagerly undertooke the iniured governor's pro- 
 tection that he foyl'd his enemies, and the governor was confirm'd 
 in his place. This so displeas'd Cromwell that, as before, so much 
 more now, he saw that even his owne interest would not byasse 
 him into any uniust faction, he secretly labour'd to frustrate the 
 attempts of all others who, for the same reason that Cromwell 
 labour'd to keepe him out, labour'd as much to bring him in. 
 
 But now had the poyson of ambition so ulcerated Cromwell's 
 heart, that the effects of it became more apparent then before, and 
 while as yett Fairfax stood an empty name, he was molding the 
 army to his mind, weeding out the godly and upright-hearted men, 
 both officers and souldiers, and filling up their roomes with rascally 
 turne-coate cavaliers, and pittifuU sottish beasts of his owne alliance, 
 and other such as would SAvallow all things, and make no question 
 for conscience sake. Yet this he did not directly nor in tumult, but 
 by such degrees that it was imperceiv'd by all that were not of very 
 penetrating eies, and those that made the loudest outciies against 
 him lifted up their voyces Avith such apparent envie and mallicc 
 that, in that mist, they rather hid then discover'd his ambitious
 
 310 
 
 minings. Among these Coll. Rich and Commissary Slaines and 
 Watson had made a designe even against his life, and the businesse 
 was brouiiht to the examination of the councell of state. Before 
 the hearing of it Coll. Rich came to Coll. Hutchinson and iraplor'd 
 his assistance with teares, affirming all the crimes of Cromwell, but 
 not darino- to iuslifie his accusations, although the colloncll advis'd 
 him if they were true to stand boldly to it, if false to acknowledge 
 his owne iniquity. The latter course he tooke, and the counoell 
 had resolv'd upon the iust punishment of the men, when Cromwell, 
 having only thus in a private councell vindicated himselfe from 
 their mallice, and lay'd open what pittifull sneaking poore knaves 
 they were, how ungratefull to him, and how treacherous and cow- 
 ardly to themselves, he became their advocate, and made it his 
 suite they might be no farther publisht or punish t. This being per- 
 mitted him, and they thus render'd contemptible to others, they 
 became beasts and slaves to him, who knew how to serve himselfe 
 of them without trusting them. This generosity, for indeed he car- 
 ried himselfe with the greatest bravery that is imaginable herein, 
 much advanc'd his glory, and clear'd him in the eies of superficial! 
 beholders; but others saw he crept on, and could not stop him, 
 while fortune itselfe seem'd to prepare his way ^ in sundry occasions. 
 All this while he carried to Mr. Hutchinson the most open face, 
 and made the most obliegeing professions of friendship imaginable, 
 but the collonell saw through him, and forbore not often to tell him 
 what was suspected of his ambition, what dissimulations of his were 
 remarked, and how dishonorable to the name of God and the pro- 
 
 ^ By tlie admirers of Tacitus the developrneiit of this intrigue will be highly 
 relished: it aids likewise to confirm the remark that Cromwell's forte lay in watching 
 and adroitly seizing opportunities, not in creating or inventing them. By the former 
 method a man swims with the tide of human aflairs, and is assisted by it; by the latter 
 he must stem and encounter it.
 
 <y 
 
 11 
 
 fession of religion, and destructive to the most glorious cause, and 
 dangerous to oveilhrow all our triumphs, these things which were 
 suspected of him, would be, if true. He would seem to receive 
 these cautions and admoni lions as the greatest demonstrations of 
 integrity and friendship that could be made, and embrace the col- 
 lonell in his amies, and make serious lying professions to him, and 
 often enquire men's opinions concerning him, which the coUonell 
 never forbore to tell him plainly, although he knew he resented it 
 not as he made shew, yett it pleas'd him so to discharge his owne 
 thoughts/ 
 
 Tiie islanders of Jersey wanting a governor, and being ac- 
 quainted, through the familliarity many of their countriemen had 
 with him, with the abillities and honour of Coll. Hutchinson, they 
 address'd themselves to my Lord Generall Fairfax, and pctition'd to 
 have him for their governor, which my lord assented to ; and ac- 
 cordingly commanded a commission to be drawne up, which was 
 done : but the collonell made not hast to take it out. J3ut my lord, 
 having order'd the commission, regarded him as governor, and when 
 the modell of the castle was brought to my lord to procure orders 
 and mony for the repaire of the fortifications, he sent it to the col- 
 lonell, and all other businesse concerning the island. 
 
 In the meanetime, the Scotts having declar'd open warre against 
 the parliament of England, it was concluded to send an armie into 
 Scotland, to prevent their intended advance liither. But when they 
 were iust marching out, my Lord Fairfax, perswaded by his wife 
 and her chaplains, threw up his commission at such a time, Avhen 
 
 ' Men who think superficially will instantly proclaim the simplicity of Col. Hutch- 
 inson and the shrewdness of Cromwell ; those who tliink deeper, will in that simplicity 
 see wisdom, in that shrewdness a more exquisite folly. In life, in death, and in re- 
 putation, which of these two was the happier ? In modern times, can it he doubted 
 which of the two any man would chuse to resemble, Washington or Bonaparte.' 
 
 2 U
 
 312 
 
 it could not have bene done more spitefully and ruinously to the 
 whole parliament interest. Coll. Hutchinson and other parliament 
 men, hearing of his intentions the night before, and knowing that 
 he would thus levell the way to Cromwell's ambitious designes, Avent 
 to him and labour'd to disswade him ; which they had etfected, but 
 that the presbiterian ministers wrought with him to doe it. He ex- 
 prest that he believ'd God lay'd him aside, as not being worthy of 
 more, nor of that glory which was already given him. 
 
 To speake the truth of Cromwell, whereas many say'd he under- 
 mined Fairfax, it was false ; for in Coll. Hutchinson's presence, he 
 most effectually importun'd him to keepe his commission, least it 
 should discourage the army and the people in that iuncture of time, 
 but could by no means prevaile, all though he labour'd it allmost all 
 the night with most earnest endeavours." But this greate man was 
 
 • Whitelock tells the same story nearly in the same manner, but thinks Cromwell 
 >vas not sincere : yet certainly he took all the same steps with those who were unques- 
 tionably so. How little soever Cromwell might wish to succeed, there was good policy 
 in attending this conference, as it might in some degree serve to diminish the sus- 
 picions entertained of his own ambitious views, and prevent their being urged in argu- 
 ment to Fairfax, which if he had been absent they most likely would have been. Be 
 this as it may, it may be truly said. 
 
 Ex illofluert 8f retro stiblapsa referri 
 Res Danaum. 
 
 for the true republicans or commonwealth's men. 
 
 From thence the tide of fortune left their shore. 
 And ebb'd much faster than it flow'd before. 
 
 For it was only with the co-operation of a man, who to his martial talents, wiiich cer- 
 tainly exceeded all of his time, added that moderation and integrity, which will dis- 
 tinguish Fairfax to the end of time, that the great politicians of those days could have 
 planned and finished such schemes of representation, legislation, and administration, 
 as would have rendered the nation great and happy, either as a commonwealth or 
 mixed government. They had in some respects such opportunities as never can again
 
 315 
 
 tiien as unmoovable by his friends as pertinacious in obeying his 
 wife ; whereby he then died to all his former glory, and became the 
 monument of his owne name, which every day wore out. When 
 his commission was given up, Cromwell was made generall, and 
 new commissions taken out by all the officers from him. He find- 
 ing that Coll. Hutchinson's commission for the island was not taken 
 out, and that he addrest not to him, made hast to prevent the 
 islanders, and gave a commission for the government to one of his 
 owne creatures. At this time the Lad}' Dormer being dead, had 
 left to her grandchild, a papist, the Lady Anne Somersett, daughter 
 to the Marquesse of Worcester, a mannour in Leicestershire, which 
 the lady, being more desireous of a portion in mony, had a greate 
 mind to sell, and came and ofi'er'd it to Coll. Hutchinson, with 
 whom she had some alliance ; but he told her he was not in a 
 purchasing condition, whereupon she earnestly beg'd him, that if 
 he would not buy it himselfe, he would procure of the parliament, 
 that she might have leave to sell it. This he moov'd and was re- 
 puls'd, whereupon both the lady, and one that was her priest, who 
 negotiated for her, and other friends, most earnestly sollicited Col- 
 lonell Hutchinson to buy it; who urging that he had not mony for 
 such a purchase, they oft'er'd him time of payment, till he could sell 
 his owne land, and assur'd him it should be such a pennieworth, as 
 he should not repent the selling his owne land to buy it. He urg'd 
 to them the trouble and difficulty it would be to obteine it, and that 
 it might so fall that he must lay a weight upon it, more then the 
 thing would be worth to him, he never having yet made any request 
 to the house, and having reason to expect recompences for the losse 
 of his estate, as well as others. But my lady still importun'd him, 
 
 arise ; and if the piesbyterians have nothing else to answer for, tlie perverting the 
 judgment of this excellent man was a fault never to be forgiven ; if the ruin of their 
 own cause could expiate it, they were not long before they made that atonement.
 
 514 
 
 promising a pennieworth in it, that should countervaile the difficulty 
 and the trouble; Avhereupon, at the last, he contracted with her, 
 upon both her and her brother's desire, the Lord Herbert, who was 
 her next heire, and was then at full age, and gave a release of all 
 claime to it, under his hand and scale ; and my lady, being be- 
 tweene 19 and 20 yeares old, then pass'd a fine, and covenanted att 
 her comming to full age to pass another, and absolutely bargained 
 and sold the land to Coll. Hutchinson, who secured the price of it 
 to the Marquesse of Dorchester, whom the lady and her friends had 
 a greate hope and desire to compasse for a husband, and had 
 thoughts, that when the portion was secur'd in his hands, it would 
 be easily effected. This they afterward entrusted to Coll. Hutch- 
 inson, and desired his assistance to propound the businesse to my 
 lord, as from himselfe, out of mutuall wellwishes to both parties ; 
 but my lord would not hearken to it, though the collonell, willing 
 to do her a kindnesse, endeavour'd to perswade him, as much as 
 was fitting. In the mean time the collonell could not, by all the 
 friends and interest he had in the house, procure a composition and 
 leave for my lady to sell her land, because they say'd it would be a 
 precedent to other papists, and some moov'd, that what service he 
 had done, and what he had lost, might be some other Avay con- 
 sider'd, rather then this any way sulfer'd. But he vigorously per- 
 suing it, and laying all the weight of all his meritts and sufferings 
 upon it, all that he could obteine at last was, to be himselfe ad- 
 mitted, in his owne name, for taking of of the sequestration, after 
 he had bought it, which he did; and they tooke two thousand 
 pounds of him for his composition. By the interest of Sr. Henry 
 Vane and severall others of his friends, powerfuU in the house, this 
 too was with nmch difficulty wrought out, though violently oppos'd 
 by severall oth- rs. Of these Maior-generall Harrison was one, and 
 he, when he saw that he could not prevaile, but that in favour par- 
 ticularly to Coll. Hutchinson, it was carried out by his friends; after
 
 315 
 
 the rising of the house, meeting the collonel], he embrac'd him, and 
 desir'd him not to think he did it in any personal! opposition to him, 
 but in his iudgment, who thought it fitt the spoyle should be taken 
 out of the enemies hands, and no composition admitted from ido- 
 laters. Whatever might be particular advantage to him, he envied 
 not, but reioic'd in, only he so dearly lov'd him, that he desir'd he 
 would not sett his heart upon the augmenting of outward estate, but 
 upon the things of the approaching kingdorne of God, concerning 
 which he made a most pious and seeming friendly harangue, of at 
 least an hower long, with all the demonstrations of zeale to God 
 and love to the collonell that can be imagined. But the collonell, 
 having reason to feare that he knew not his owne spiritt herein, 
 made him only a short reply, that he thanked him for his councell, 
 and should endeavour to follow it, as became the duty of a Chris- 
 tian, and should be glad to be as effectually instructed by his ex- 
 ample as his admonition. For att that time the maior-generall, who 
 Avas but a meane man's sonne, and of a meane education, and no 
 estate before the warre, had gather'd an estate of two thousand a 
 yeare, besides engrossing greate offices, and encroaching upon his 
 under officers, and maintain'd his coach and famely, at a heighth as 
 if they had bene borne to principallity. 
 
 About the same time a greate ambassador was to have publick 
 audience in the house, he came from the king of Spaine, and was 
 the first who had addrest to them owning them as a republick. The 
 day before his audience. Coll. Hutchinson was sett in the house, 
 neere some young men handsomely clad, among whom was Mr. 
 Charles Rich, since Earle of Warwick ; and the collonell himselfe 
 had on that day a habitt which was pretty rich but grave, and no 
 other then he usually wore. Harrison addressing particularly to 
 him, admonisht them all, that now the nations sent to them, they 
 should labour to shine before them in wisedome, piety, righteous- 
 nesse and iustice, and not in gold and silver and Avorldly braver}'.
 
 <s> 
 
 16 
 
 which did not become saints ; and that the next day when the am- 
 Ijassadors came, thej should not sett themselves out, in gorgeous 
 habitts, which were unsuilablc to holy professions. The collonell, 
 although he was not convinc'd of anie misbecoming bravery in the 
 suite he wore that day, which was but of sad colour'd cloth trimm'd 
 with gold, and silver poynts and buttons ; yet because he would not 
 appeare offensive in the eies of religious persons, the next day he 
 went in a plaine black suite, and so did all the other gentlemen, 
 but Harrison came that day in a scarlett coate and cloake, both 
 laden with sold and silver lace, and the coate so coverd with chin- 
 quant, "" that scarcely could one discerne the ground, and in this 
 glittering habitt, sett himselfe iust under the speakers chaire; which 
 made the other gentlemen think that his godly speeches, the day 
 before, were but made, that he alone might appear in the eies of 
 strangers. But this was part of his weaknesse, the Lord at last 
 lifted him above these poore earthly elevations, which then and 
 sometime after prevail'd too much with him.' 
 
 After the collonell had bought my lady's land, some that were 
 extreamely vext at her having that summe of mony, dealt with the 
 collonell to permit them to sequester.it in his hands, and offer'd him 
 he should have it all himselfe, which, he told them, he would be 
 torne to pieces before he would doe, and that it was a treachery and 
 villany that he abhorr'd. Though, notwithstanding this, he were 
 much prest he would not yield, and to prevent force, whigh they 
 threaten'd, after mooving in the house, how dangerous it was to 
 suffer such a summe of mony to be in the hands of the daughter of 
 an excepted person, especially at such a time (for now the king was 
 
 *> Ch'iquant, Trench , foil. 
 ' Ludlow gives very extraordinary accounts of his devotion to that which he 
 thought the cause of God, as well as of his readiness to suffer martyrdom for it when 
 it was in his power to avoid that severe trial.
 
 317 
 
 crown'd in Scotland, and the Scotts ready to invade, and the pres- 
 biters to ioyne with them), the collonell put the mony out of his 
 owne hands, to preserve it for my lady. All that time both she 
 and her brother, and other friends, made all the acknowledgments 
 of obligation that was possible. Not to confound stories, I finish 
 the mcmoriall of this here. 
 
 After the parliament was broken up by Cromwell, and after that 
 my lady, seeing her proiect of marrying with my Lord Dorchester 
 would not take, had embraced an offer of Mr. Henry Howard, 
 second sonne to the Earle of Arundell, and when, in the protector's 
 time, the papists wanted not patrons, she began to repent the 
 selling of her land, which before she thought such a blessing, and 
 told her husband false stories, as he alledg'd, though his future car- 
 riage made it iustly suspitious, he was as unworthy as she. 
 
 The collonell, presently after he had that land, had very much 
 improov'd it, to a fourth part more then it was att when he bought 
 it, and they, envying his good bargaine, desired to have it againe 
 out of his hands, nor dealt fairely and directly in the thing, but em- 
 ployed a cunning person, Maior Wildman, who was then a greate 
 manager of papists' interests, to get the land againe, which he was 
 to have four hundred pounds for, if he could do it. Whereupon he 
 presently gott mony and came to the gentleman who had a mortgage 
 upon it, for three thousand pounds taken up to pay my lady, and 
 tender'd it. But Mr. Ash, a greate friend of the collonell's, Avas so 
 faithfull that he would not accept it, and then Wildman began a 
 chancery suit, thinking that the collonell, being out of favour with 
 ihe present powers, would be necessitated to take any composition. 
 When he had put the collonell to a grealc deale of vaine charge, 
 and found he could doe no good, at last they desir'd to make up 
 the businesse, and the lady and Mr. Howard past a new fine to con- 
 firme the tille, and the collonell was delivered from further trouble
 
 318 
 
 wilh them, till after the change and the returne of the king. Then, 
 when the parliament men began to come into question for their lives, 
 my Lord of Pordand and Mr. Howard came to Mrs. Hutchinson's 
 lodgings three or foure times, while she was out solliciting for her 
 husband, and my lord left her a message, that he must needs speake 
 Avith her, upon a businesse of much concernment ; whereupon she 
 sought out my lord, knowing that he had profest much kindnesse and 
 obligation to her husband, and thinking he might have some designe 
 now to acknowledge it by some rcall assistance. But when she 
 came to him, he told her, her husband was in danger of his hfe, 
 and that if he would resigne back Loseby to Mr. Howard, he would 
 helpe him to a good summe of mony to flie, and Mr. Howard would 
 stand to the hazard of buying it; but she being vext that my lord 
 should interrupt her with this frivolous proposition, told my lord she 
 would hazard it Avith the rest of her estate, rather then make up such 
 desperate bargaines. When Mr. Howard saw this would not doe, 
 he prepar'd a petition to get it excepted out of the act of oblivion, 
 pretending that his Avife being under age, the coUonell had by 
 power and frawd wrested her out of her estate. But when he 
 shew'd this petition to his friends, they being inform'd of the false- 
 nesse of the allegations, would none of them undertake either to 
 deliver or back it. Only one Sr. Richard Onslow was a violent man, 
 rayling against the collonell concerning this, but he not long after 
 died by a blast of lightning. Others of his friends, when they un- 
 derstood that he himselfe had ioyn'd in the confirmation of the fine, 
 after the collonell was retir'd, in the protector's reigne, bade him 
 for shame no more make mention of his lady's being fool'd or fright- 
 en'd to an act Avhich he had voluntarily done. Many told the 
 collonell how unsafe it was to displease a person Avho had so many 
 powerfull allies that might mischiefe him, but the collonell Avould 
 neither be frighted nor flatter'd to give away liis estate, which when
 
 319 
 
 Mr. Howard found, he let fall his purpose, and made no more vainc 
 endeavours.'' 
 
 And now to rctume to his story where I left it, I shall not men- 
 tion every particular action of his in the employment of a senator 
 and councellor of the realms, but only some which were more re- 
 markaljle, to shew the honor and excellency of his nature, among 
 which this Avas one. When his old opposites and enemies of the 
 Nottingham con\mittee had enter'd into the presbiterian conspiracy, 
 so deepe, that their lives were forfeit to the law, had they bene 
 brought to publick triall, and this was discover'cl to him ; and alsoc 
 that Coll. Pierrepont was the chiefe of them, he tooke care to have 
 the businesse so manag'd, that Coll. PiciTepont was past by in the 
 information, and others so favourably accus'd, that they were only 
 restrein'd from the mischiefe they intended, and kept prisoners till 
 the danger was over, and after, through his mediation released, 
 without any further punishment on their persons and estates, though 
 Chadwick's eldest sonne was one of these. For Coll. Pierrepont, he 
 only privately admonisht him, and endeavour'd to reclaime him, 
 which the man, being good natur'd, was infinitely overcome with, 
 insomuch that ever after, to his dying day, all his envy ceast, and 
 he profest all imaginable friendship and kindnesse to the collonell. 
 Indeede his excellent gentlenesse was such, that he not only pro- 
 tected and sav'd these enemies, wherein there was some glory of 
 passing by revenge, but Avas compassionately affected with the 
 
 '' How, when, or b}' whom this estate at Loseby was sold again, the editor has not 
 been able to discover, it never having cotne into the hands of his branch of the family, 
 which purchased Owthoj pe. One of the estates sold by Col. Hutchinson in his life- 
 time, was tlxat of llateliffe on Soarc, which is spoken of in a note as given to Sir 
 Tliomas Hutchinson by his uncle Saeheverell; the purchaser was Alderman IretoHj 
 and it %vas, in all probability, sold to enable him jointly with the money borrowed of 
 Mr. Ash to purchase this estate, 
 
 a X
 
 3-20 
 
 miseries of any pooie weonien or children, who had bene unfortu- 
 nately, though deservedly, ruin d in the civill wane ; and widiout 
 any interest of his owne in the persons, whenever any ruin'd famely 
 came to seeke reliefe, where he was in power, he was as zealous in 
 assisting all such, as farre as it might be done with the safety of the 
 commonwealth, as if they had bene his brothers. As it Avas a 
 misery to be bewail'd in those dayes, that many of the parliament 
 party, exercis'd cruelty, iniustice, and oppression to their conquer'd 
 enemies, wherever he discover'd it he violently oppos'd it, and de- 
 fended even those enemies that were by might oppress'd and 
 defrauded of the mercies of the parliament. Upon this account he 
 had contests with some good men, who were weake in these things, 
 some through too factious a zeall, and others blinded with their 
 owne or their friends interests. Among these Coll. flackers father, 
 having married my Lady Biron's mother, was made a trustee for the 
 estate of her sonne, which she had by Strelley her first husband. 
 He had about 1800/. of the estate of young Strelley in his hands, 
 which, he dying, his eldest sonne and heire Coll. Francis Hacker, 
 was liable and iustly ought to pay. Young Strelley died in France, 
 and left his estate to his halfe brother, the sonne of Sr. Richard 
 Biron, who all the time of the first Avarrc, was at schoole in Coll. 
 Hutchinson's, garrison at Nottingham, and after was sent into 
 France. Being there, an infant, when this estate fell to him, he 
 return'd and chose Coll. Hutchinson for his guardian, who overcame 
 Coll. Hacker in the right of his pupill, and recover'd that mony out 
 of his hands, which he Avould not have pay'd, if the infant had not 
 found a friend that was heartily zealous to obtaine his iust right. 
 Sr. Arthur Haslerig was a greate patrone of Coll. Hacker's, and la- 
 bour'd to beare him out against iustice and the infant's right in this 
 thing ; and when the collonell had overcome him, they were both 
 displeas'd; for Hacker, on the other side, was such a creature of
 
 321 
 
 Sr. Arthur's, that without questioning iustice or honesty, he was 
 more diUigent in obeying Sr. Arthur's then God's commands. Sr. 
 Allen Apsley had articles at the rendition of Barnstable, Avhereof he 
 was governor, and contrary to these, he was put to vast expence 
 and horrible vexation, by severall persons, but especially by one 
 wicked weoman, who had the worst and the smoothest tongue that 
 ever her sex made use of to mischiefe. She was handsome in her 
 youth, and had very pretty girles to her daughters, whom, when 
 they grew up, she prostituted to her revenge and mallice against 
 Sr. Allen Apsley, which was so venomous and devillish, that she 
 stuck not at inventing false accusations, and hiring witnesses to 
 swear them, and a thousand other as enormous practises. In those 
 dayes there was a committee set up, for reliefe of such as had any 
 violation of their articles, and of this Bradshaw was president ; into 
 whose easie faith this Avoman, pretending herselfe religious, and of 
 the parliament's party, had so insinuated herselfe, that Sr. Allen's 
 way of reliefe was obstructed. Coll. Hutchinson labouring mightily 
 in his protection, and often foyling this vile woman, and bringing to 
 light her devillish practises, turn'd the woman's spite into as violent 
 a tumult ag;ainst himselfe, and Bradshaw was so hott in abettino- 
 her, that he grew coole in his kindnesse to the collonell, yet broke 
 it not quite : but the collonell was ^ery much griev'd that a friend 
 should engage in so uniust an opposition. At last it was manifest 
 how nmch they were mistaken that would have assisted this woman 
 upon a score of being on the parliament's side, for she was all this 
 while a spie for the king, and after his returne, Sr. Allen Apsley 
 met her in the king's chamber waiting for recompense for that ser- 
 vice. The thing she sued Sr. Allen Apsley for, was for a house of 
 hers in the garrison of Barnstable, which was pull'd downe to fortifie 
 the towne for the king, before he was governor of the place. Yett 
 would she have had his articles violated to make her a recompense 
 out of his estate, treble and more than the valine of the house, pre-
 
 32^ 
 
 tending she was of the parliament's party, and that Sr. Allen, in 
 mallice thereunto, had without necessity pull'd downe her house. 
 All which were horrible lies, but so malliciously and so wickedly 
 affirrn'd and sworne by her mercenary witnesses, that they at first 
 found faith, and it was hard for truth afterwards to overcome that 
 prepossession. 
 
 The coUonell prosecuting the defence of truth and iustice, in 
 these and many more things, and abhorring all councells of securing 
 the young commonwcaUh, by cruelty and oppression of the van- 
 quisht, who had not laid downe their hate, in deliverhig up their 
 amies, and were therefore, by some cowards, iudg'd unworthy of 
 the mercy extended to them, the colloncll, I say, disdaining such 
 thoughts, displeas'd many of his owne party, who, in the maine, 
 we hope, might have bene honest, although through divers tempta- 
 tions, guilty of horrible slips, Avhich did more offend the collonell's 
 pure zeale, who detested these sins more in brethren then in 
 enemies. 
 
 Now was Cromwell sole generall, and marcht into Scotland, and 
 the Scots ready to invade, and tlie presbyters to assist them here. 
 The army being small, there was a necessity of recruites, and the 
 councell of state solliciting all the parliament men that had interest, 
 to improve it in this exigence of time, they gave Coll. Hutchinson a 
 commission for a regiment of horse. He immediately gott up three 
 troopes, well armed and mounted, of his owne old souldicrs, that 
 thirsted to be againe employ 'd under him, and was preparing the 
 rest of the regiment to carry after them himselfe, when he was in- 
 formed, that assoone as his troopes came into Scotland, Cromwell 
 very readily rcceiv'd them, but would not let them march together, 
 but disperst them, to fill up the regiments of those who Avere more 
 his creatures. The collonell hearing this, would not carry him any 
 more, but rather employ 'd himselfe in securing, as much as m as 
 necessary, his owne country, for Avhich he was sent doAvne by the
 
 323 
 
 councell of state, who att that time were very much surprljj'd att 
 hearing that the king of Scots was past by Cromwell, and enter'd 
 with a greate armie into England. Bradshaw himselfe, as stout- 
 hearted as he Avas, privately could not conceale his feare : some 
 raged and utter'd sad discontents against Cromwell, and suspitions 
 of his fidelity, they all considering that Cromwell was behind, of 
 Avhom I think they scarce had any account, or of his intention, or 
 how this error came about, to suffer the enemie to enter here, where 
 there was no armie to encounter him. Both the city and country, 
 (by the angrie presbyters, wavering in their constancy to them and 
 the liberties they had purchas'd), Avere all amaz'd, and doubtfull of 
 their owne and the common Avealth's safety. Some could not hide 
 very pale and unman!}' fcares, and Avere in such distraction of spiritt, 
 as much disturb'd their councells. Coll. Hutchinson, Avho ever had 
 most vigour and chearefullnesse, when there Avas most danger, en- 
 courag'd them as they Avere one day in a private councell, raging 
 and crying out on CromAvell's miscarriages, to applie themselves to 
 councells of safety, and not to lose time in accusing others, Avhile 
 they might yet provide to save the endanger'd realme, at least to fall 
 nobly in defence of it, and not to yield to feare and despaire. 
 These and such like things being urg'd, at length they recollected 
 themselves, and every man that had courage and interest in their 
 countries, Avcnt downe to looke to them." Coll. Hutchinson came 
 downe into Nottinghamshire, and secur'd those Avho Avere suspitious 
 to make any commotion, and putt the country into such a posture 
 
 * The trepidation of the council of State, and the zeal with which they were sup- 
 ported, is well described by Whitelock. Col. Hutchinson was now out by rotation. 
 Whether Cromwell suffered the king to pass by him designedly or otherwise, is uncer- 
 tain ; but it is very likely tiiat he did it by design, as knowing that those who did not 
 like, for the same reason as Col. Hutchinson, to send forces to him, would, for their 
 own sakes, bring them forward to oppose the king. Either his fortune or his judg-
 
 324 
 
 *of defence as the time would permilt. But it was not long before 
 the king chose another way, and went to Worcester. Cromwell fol- 
 lowing swiftly after with his arniie, and other forces meeting him 
 from severall other parts, they fought with the king and his Scotts, 
 totally routed and subdued him, and he, with difficulty, after 
 concealment in an oake and many other shifts, stole away into 
 France. 
 
 When the collonell hear'd how Cromwell us'd his troopes, he was 
 * confirmed that he and his associates in the armie, Avere carrying on 
 designes of private ambition, and resolv'd that none should share 
 with them in the commands of the army or forts of the nation, but 
 such as would be beasts, and ridden upon I y the proud chiefes. 
 Disdaining, therefore, that what he had preserv'd, for the liberty of 
 his country, should be a curb upon them, and foreseeing that some 
 of Cromwell's creatures would at length be put in, to exercise him 
 with continuall affionts, and to hinder any man from standing up 
 for the deliv^erance of the country, if the insolence of the army 
 (which he too sadly foresaw) should put them upon it ; for this rea- 
 son, in Cromwell's absence, he procur'd an order for the remoove of 
 the gan'ison at Nottingham, which was commanded by his kinsman 
 Maior Poulton, into the marching army, and the demollishing of 
 the place ; Avhich accordingly was speedily executed. 
 
 When Maior Poulton, who had all along bene very faithfuU and 
 active in the cause, brought his men to the armie, he was entertain'd 
 with such affronts and neglects by the generall, that he voluntarily 
 quitted his command, and retir'd to the ruin'd place, where the 
 castle was which he had bought with his arrears.' When Cromwell 
 
 ' The machinations of Cromw«ll are spoken of in general terms by Rapin, \^niite- 
 lock, and others ; but no where so well detailed as here. Of all things the most ne- 
 cessary to Cromwell was to obtain soldiers and subaltern officers perfectly subservient 
 to his own purposes, but this he could hope to effect then, and then only, when he
 
 came back through the country and saw the castle pull'd downe, lie 
 was heartily vext at it, and told Coll. Hutchinson, that if he had 
 bene there, when it was voted, he should not have suifer'd it. The 
 collonell replied, that he had procur'd it to be done, and believ'd it 
 to be his duty to ease the people of charge, when there was no more 
 need of it. 
 
 When Cromwell came to London, there wanted not some little 
 creatures of his, in the house, Avho had taken notice of all that had 
 bene say'd of him Avhen he let the king slip by; hov/ some stuck 
 not in their feare and rage to call him traytor, and to threaten his 
 head. These reports added spurres to his ambition, but that his 
 sonne-in-law, Ireton, deputy of Ireland, would not be Avrought to 
 serve him, but hearing of his machinations, determin'd to come over 
 to England to endeavour to divert him from such destructive 
 courses.^ But God cutt him short by death, and whether his body, 
 
 had deprived them of such superior officers as would have preserved them from decep- 
 tion, and have kept them faithful to their country. Tlie present and similar occur- 
 rences furnished him with the means so to do, which he employed most assiduously. 
 Ludlow, vol. iii. p. 21. " And thus the troops of the parliament, who were not raised 
 " out of the meanest of the people and without distinction, as other armies had been ; 
 " but consisted of such as had engaged themselves from a spirit of liberty in the de- 
 " fence of their rights and religion, were corrupted by him, kept as a standing force 
 " against the people, taught to forget their first engagements, and rendered as merce- 
 " nary as other troops are accustomed to be." From about this period then we may 
 date the change of sentiment of the army in general, and of course the change of opi- 
 liion respecting them, in the minds of Coll. Hutchinson and others who before had 
 sided with them. 
 
 s If this intention of Ireton is mentioned by any other person, it has escaped the 
 search of the editor, it may have been known zcith certaintif by Mr Hutchinson alone: 
 but something of the kind seems to have been in the contemplation of Whitelock when 
 he regrets his death, on account of the influence he had over the mind of Cromwell, 
 which has been remarked in a former note ; as likewise the probability that the pro- 
 longation of his life might have made a great difference in the conduct of Cromweil. 
 What is said of his funeral well agrees with what is said by Ludlow, who adds, that
 
 <n 
 
 26 
 
 or an empty coffin, was brought into England, something in his 
 name came to London, and was to be, by Cromwell's procurement, 
 magnificently buried among the kings at Westminster. CoUonell 
 Hutchinson was, after his brother, one of the neerest kinsmen he 
 had, but Cromwell, who of late studied him neglects, past him by, 
 and neither sent him mourning, nor particular invitation to the 
 funerall, only the speaker gave publick notice in the house, that all 
 the members were desired to attend him ; and such was the flattery 
 of many pittifull lords and other gentlemen, parasites, that they 
 put themselves into deepe mourning; but Coll. Hutchinson that 
 day putt on a scarlett cloak, very richly laced, such as he usually 
 wore, and comming into the roome where the members were, seeing 
 some of the lords in mourning, he went to them to enquire the 
 cause, who told him they had put it on to honor the general; and 
 askt again, Avhy he, that was a kinsman, Avas in such a different 
 colour ? He told them, because the generall had neglected sending 
 to him, Avhen he had sent to many that had no alliance, only to 
 make up the traine, he was resolv'd he would not flatter so much as 
 to buy for himselfe, although he was a true mourner in his heart for 
 liis cousin, whom he had ever lov'd, and would therefore go and 
 take his place among his mourners. This he did, and Avent into the 
 roome where the close mourners were ; who seeing him come in, as 
 different from mourning as he could make himselfe, the alderman 
 came to him, making a greate apologie that they mistooke, and 
 
 " Ircton would have despised these poirips, having erected for himself a more glorious 
 " monument in the hearts of good men, by his affection to his country, his abilities of 
 " mind, his impartial justice, liis diligence in the public service, and his other virtues, 
 " which were a far greater honour lo his memory, than a dormitory among the ashes 
 " of kings; who, for the most part, as they liad governed others by their passions, so 
 " were they as much govern'd by them." For the rest. Col. Hutchinson's reproof of 
 Cromwell was a pithy one !
 
 3^27 
 
 thought he was out of towne, and had much iniur'd themselves 
 thereby, to whom it Avould have bene one of their greatest honors to 
 have had his assistance in (he befitting habitt, as now it was their 
 shame to have neglected him. But Cromwell, who had order'd all 
 things, was peek'd horribly att it, though he dissembled his re- 
 sentment at that time, and ioyn'd in excusing the neglect; but he 
 very well understood that the collonell neither out of ignorance nor 
 niggardize came in that habitt, but publickely to reproach their 
 neglects. 
 
 After the death of Ireton, Lambert was voted deputy of Ireland, 
 and commander in chiefe there, who being at that time in the north, 
 was exceedingly elevated with the honor, and courted all, Fairfax 
 his old commander, and other gentlemen, who, upon his promises 
 of preferrement, quitted their places, and many of them came to 
 London and made him up there a very proud traine, which still 
 exalted him, so that too soone he put on the prince, immediately 
 laying out five thousand pounds for his owne particular equipage, 
 and looking upon all the parliament men, who liad conferr'd this 
 honor on him, as underlings, and scarce worth the greate man's nod. 
 This untimely declaration of his pride gave greate offence to the 
 parliament, who having only given him a commission for six months 
 for his deputyship, made a vote that, after the expiration of that 
 time, the presidency of the civill and millitary power of that nation 
 should no more be in his nor in any one man's hands againe. This 
 vote was upon Cromwell's procurement, who hereby design'd to 
 make way for his new sonne-in-law. Coll. Fleetewood, who had mar- 
 ried the widdow of the late deputy Ireton. There went a story that 
 as my lady Ireton was walking in St. James's-park, the lady Lam- 
 bert, as proud as her husband, came by where she was, and as the 
 present princesse allwayes hath precedency of the relict of the dead 
 prince, so she putt my lady Ireton below; who, notwithstanding her 
 piety and humility, was a little griev'd att the affront. Coll. Fleete-
 
 3-2S 
 
 wood being then present, in mourning for his Avife, who died at the 
 same time her hjrd did, tooke occasion to introduce himself e, and 
 was immediately accepted by the lady and her father, who design'd 
 llius to restore his daughter to the honor she was fallen from. His 
 plott tooke as himselfe could wish, for Lambert, who saw himselfe 
 thus cutt off from halfe his exaltation, sent the house an insolent 
 messaoe, " that if they found him so unworthy of the honor they 
 " had given him as so soone to repent it, he would not Retard their 
 •" remedie for six months, but was ready to surrender their com- 
 " mission before he enter'd into his office." They tobke him att his 
 worde, and made Fleetewood deputy, and Ludlow commander of 
 the horse; whereupon Lambert, with a heart full of spite, mallice, 
 and revenge, retreated to his pallace at Wimbledon, and sate there 
 watching an oppertunity to destroy the parliament. 
 
 Cromwell, alllhough he chiefely wrought this businesse in the 
 house, yett flatter'd with Lambert, and, having another reach of 
 ambition in his bresl, helpt to enflame Lambert against those of the 
 parliament who were not his creatures, and lo cast the odium of his 
 disgrace u})on them, and professe his owne clearenesse in it, and 
 pitty of him, that should be drawne into such an inconvenience as 
 the charge of putting himselfe into equipage, and the losse of all 
 that provision; which Cromwell, pretending generosity, tooke all 
 upon his owne account, and deliver'd him of the debt. Lambert 
 dissembled againe on his part, and insinuated himself into Crom- 
 well, fomenting his ambition to take the administration of all the 
 conquer'd nations into his owne hands; but finding themselves not 
 strong enough alone, they tooke to them Maior-generall Harrison, 
 who had a o;reate interest both in the armie and the churches; and 
 these, pretending a pious trouble that there were such delayes in the 
 administration of iustice, and such perverting of right, endeavour'd 
 to bring all good men into dislike of the parliament, pretending that 
 they Avould perpetuate themselves in their honors and offices, and
 
 329 
 
 had no care to bring in those glorious things for which they had so 
 many yearcs contended in blood and toyle. The parliament, on 
 the other side, had now, by the blessing of God, restor'd the com- 
 monwealth to such a happie, rich, and plentifull condition, as it 
 was not so flourishing before the waire, and allthough the taxes 
 that were pay'd were greate, yet the people were rich and able to 
 pay them: they {the parliament) were in a way of paying all the 
 souldiers' arrears, had some hundred thousand pounds in their 
 purses, and were free from enemies in amies within and without, 
 except the Dutch, Avhom they had beaten and brought to seeke 
 peace upon honorable termes to the English : and now they thought 
 it was time to SAVceten the people, and deliver them from their bur- 
 thens. This could not be but by disbanding the unnecessary otKcers 
 and souldiers, and when things were thus settled, they had prepar'd 
 a bill to put a period to their own sitting, and provide for new suc- 
 cessors. But when the greate officers understood that they were to 
 resigne their honors, and no more triumph in the burthens of the 
 people, they easily induc'd the inferior officers and souldiers to sett 
 up for themselves with them; and while these things were passing, 
 Cromwell with an armed force, assisted by Lambert and Harrison, 
 came into the house and dissolv'd the parliament, pulling out the 
 members, foaming and raging, and calling them undeserved and 
 base names; and when the speaker lefused to come out of his 
 chaire, Harrison pluckt him out. These gentlemen having done 
 this, tooke to themselves the administration of all things, and a few 
 slaves of the house consulted with them, and would have truckled 
 under them, but not many. Meanwhile they and their souldiers 
 could no way palliate their rebellion, but b}' making false crimina- 
 tions of the parliament men, as that they meant to perpetuate them- 
 selves in honor and office, that they had gotten vast estates, and 
 perverted iustice for gaine, and were imposing upon men for con- 
 science, and a thousand such like things, which time manifested to
 
 330 
 
 be false, and truth retorted all upon lliemsclves that diey had iu- 
 iuriously cast at the others.'' 
 
 At that time that the parliament was broken up Coll. Hutchinson 
 was in the country, where, since his going in his course out of the 
 council of state, he had for about a yeare's time applied himselfe, 
 when the parliament could dispense with his absence, to the admi- 
 nistration of iustice in the country, and to the putting in execution 
 of those wholsome laws and statutes of the land provided for the 
 orderly regulation of the people. And it was wonderful how, in a 
 short space, he reform'd severall abuses and customary neglects in 
 that part of the country where he liv'd, A\liich being a rich fruite- 
 
 ■^ Almost all the historical writers who have treated of these times concur in depre- 
 ciating this parliament, and represent them as a small number or junto whose prin- 
 cipal view was to perpetuate themselves in the enjoyment of power and honours. 
 Those readers who desire to form a true judgment of this matter will be materially 
 assisted by comparing the passages here before them with \Vhitelock, and more parti- 
 cularly with the first twenty pages of the second volume of Ludlow; they will find 
 that sort of consonance which is the best mark of truth, viz. the recital of different 
 circumstances tending to establish one and the same principal fact. They will then be 
 convinced that the great men who were in that time at the head of affairs had con- 
 ducted them in a manner worthy of themselves, and had brought the nation to a state 
 of prosperity which nothing less than a miracle can ever again bring it to, and which 
 Mrs. Hutchinson describes in few and simple, but impressive words; the people rich, 
 the revenue great, debts paid, money in their purses, free from enemies within and 
 without. They had concluded with reforming the abuses of the law, and providing for 
 their being succeeded by a fair and equal representation of the people, which all 
 confess still to be the grand desideratum of our constitution. And it was the very 
 circumstance of the act being on the anvil, ready to receive the finishing stroke, that 
 obliged Cromwell to act with such precipitation as staggered his confederates. 
 
 From all which will arise these corollaries or deductions ; that a state, however 
 great, may be governed in a republicah form, and every department properly filled 
 and administered. But that no sufficient barrier has yet been found against a military 
 chief, who has popularity, address, and ambition, to become the tyrant of it. And 
 in the end recourse must be had to hereditary succession, from whence they at first 
 departed.
 
 O rt 
 
 ol 
 
 full vale, drew abundance of vagrant people to come and exercise 
 the idle trade of wandering and begging; but he tooke such courses 
 that there was very suddenly not a beggar left in the counlr}', and 
 all the poore in every towne so maintain'd and provided for, as they 
 never were so liberally maintain'd and reliev'd before nor since. 
 He procur'd lumecessary alehouses to be putt downe in all the 
 townes, and if any one that he heard of suffer'd any disorder or de- 
 bauchery in his house, he would not suffer him to brew any more. 
 He was a little severe against drunkennesse, for which the drunk- 
 ards woidd sometimes raile att him; but so were all the children 
 of darknessc convinc'd by his light, that they were in awe more of 
 his vertue then his authority. In this time, he had made himselfe 
 a convenient house,' Avhereof he Avas the best ornament, and an ex- 
 
 ' Pained and disgusted as the mind of the reader must be with the tumults, anar- 
 chy, and crimes, it has witnessed, how welcome is the contemplation of this ease and 
 leisure, devoted to elegant studies, virtuous pursuits, useful occupations, gentleman- 
 like amusements, rational converse, and conciliating hospitality! How difficult will 
 it be to him to believe that this otium cum disnitatc is the honourable retreat of 
 one of those gloomi/ Fanatics whose tyranny Rapin says had become intolerable to tlic 
 nation ? 
 
 About thirty years ago it was the fate of the Editor to visit this mansion of his 
 ancestors, in order to bring away a few pictures and some books, all that remained to 
 him of those possessions, where they had lived with so much merited love and honour. 
 Although he had not then read these memoirs, yet having heard Col. Hutchinson 
 spoken of as an extraordinary person, and that he had built, planted, and formed, all 
 that was to be seen there ; the country adjoining being a dreary waste, many thousand 
 acres together being entirely overrun with gorse or furze ; he viewed the whole with 
 the utmost attention. He found there a house, of which he has the drawing, large, 
 handsome, lofty, and convenient, and though but little ornamented, possessing all the 
 grace that size and symmetry could give it. The entrance was by a flight of hand- 
 some steps into a large hall, occupying entirely the center of the house, ligiited at 
 the entrance by two large windows, but at tiie further end by one much larger, in the 
 extent of which was carried up a stair-case that seemed to be perfectly in the air. On 
 one side of the hall was a long table, on the other a large fire-place; both suited to 
 ancient hospitality. On the right iiand side of this liail were tiirec handsome rooms
 
 o 
 
 32 
 
 ample of virtue so prevailing, as metaniorphos'd many evill people, 
 while they were under his roofe, into another appearance of sobriety 
 and holinesse. 
 
 for the entertainment of guests. The sides of the stair-case and gallery were hung with 
 pictures, and both served as an orchestra either to the hall or to a large room over part 
 of it, which was a ball room. To the left of the hall were the rooms commonly occu- 
 pied by the family. All parts were built so substantially, and so well secured, that 
 neitiier fire nor thieves could penetrate from room to room, nor from one flight of 
 stairs to another, if ever so little resisted. 
 
 The house stood on a little eminence in the vale of Belvoir, at a small distance 
 from the foot of those hills along which the Roman foss-way from Leicester runs. 
 The western side of the house was covered by the offices, small village, and church, 
 interspersed witli many trees. The south, which was the front of entrance, looked 
 over a large extent of grass grounds which were the demesne, and were bounded by 
 hills covered with wood which Col. Hutchinson had planted. On the eastern side the 
 entertaining rooms opened on to a terrace, which encircled a very large bowling green 
 or level lawn ; next to this had been a flower garden, and next to that a shrubbery, 
 now becpme a wood, through which vistas were cut to let in a view of Langar, the 
 seat of Lord Howe, at two miles, and of Belvoir-castle, at seven miles distance, which, 
 as the afternoon sun was full upon it, made a glorious object: at the further end of 
 this small wood wi-.s a spot (of about ten acres) which appeared to have been a morass, 
 and through which ran a rivulet: this spot Col. Hutchinson had dug into a great 
 number of canals, and planted the ground between them, leaving room for walks, so 
 that the whole formed at once a wilderness or bower, reservoirs for fish, and a decoy 
 for wild fowl. To the north, at some hundred yards distance, was a lake of water, 
 which filling the space between two quarters of vyood land, ajipeared, as viewed from 
 the large window of the hall, like a moderate river, and beyond this the eye rested on 
 the wolds or high wilds which accompany the foss-way towards Newark. — The whole 
 had been deserted near forty years, but resisted the ravages of tune so well as to dis- 
 cover the masterly hand by which it had been planned and executed. But the most 
 extraordinary and gratifying circumstance was the veneration for the family wliich still 
 subsisted, and which, at the period when the last possessor had by his will ordered this 
 and all his estates in Notts to be sold, and the produce given to strangers, induced 
 the tenants to offer a large advance of their rents, and a good share of the money 
 necessary for purchasing the estates, in order to enable the remains of the family to 
 come and reside again among them. — It was too late ! the steward had contracted with 
 the executors, and resold the most desirable part, where the timber of Col. Huicii-
 
 333 
 
 He was going up lo attend the businesse of his country above, 
 when newes mett him upon the roade, neerc London, that Crom- 
 well had broken the parliament. Notwithstanding he went on and 
 found divers of the members there, resolv'd to submit to this pro- 
 vidence of God, and to waite till he should cleare their integritie, 
 and to disproove these people who had tax'd them of ambition, by 
 sitting still, when they had friends enough in the armie, city, and 
 country, to have disputed the matter, and probably vanquish! these 
 usurpers. They thought that if they should vex the land by warre 
 among themselves, the late subdued enemies, royallists and presbi- 
 terians, Avould have an oppertunity to prevaile on their dissensions, 
 to the mine of both: if these should govern well, and righteously, 
 and moderately, they should enioy the benefitt of their good go- 
 vernment, and not envy them the honorable toyle; if they did other- 
 wise, they should be ready to assist and vindicate their opprest 
 countrie, when the ungratefull people were .made sensible of their 
 true champions and protectors. Coll. Hutchinson, in his owne par- 
 ticular, was very glad of this release from that employment, which 
 he manag'd with fidelity and uprightnesse, but not only without de- 
 light, but with a greate deale of trouble and expence, in the contest 
 for truth and righteousnesse upon all occasions. 
 
 inson's planting was valued at many thousand pounds ! The Editor could only retire 
 repeating Virgil's first Eclogue: 
 
 Nos patria Ji7ies, nos dulcia linquismes arva. 
 Impius hac tam culta novalia miles habebit? 
 Barbarus has segetes'? En quo discordia cives 
 Perduxit miscros ! en quels consevimus agros ! 
 
 Round the wide world in banishment we roam, 
 
 Forc'd from our pleasing fields and native home: 
 
 Did we for these barbarians plant and soWj 
 
 On these, on these our happy fields bestow? 
 
 Good heav'ns ! what dire effects from civil discord flow ! 
 
 Dryden.
 
 334^ 
 
 The only recreation he had during his residence at London was 
 in seeking out all the rare artists he could heare of, and in consider- 
 ing their workes in payntings, sculptures, gravings, and all other 
 such curiosities, insomuch that he became a greate virtuoso and 
 patrone of ingenuit}'. Being loath that the land should be disfur- 
 nisht of all the rarities that Avere in it, whereof many were sett to 
 sale in the king's and divers noblemen's collections, he lay'd out 
 about two thousand pounds in the choycest pieces of painting, 
 most of Avhich were bought out of the king's goods, which Averc 
 given to his servants to pay their Avages : to them the coUonell gave 
 ready money, and bought so good pennicAvorths, that they Avere val- 
 lued much more Avorth then they cost. These he brought doAvn into 
 the country, intending a very neat cabinett for them; and these, 
 Avith the survej'ing of his buildings, and emprooving by enclosure 
 the place he liv'd in, employ 'd him att home, and, for a little time, 
 hawkes abroad; but Avhen a very sober felloAv, that never Avas guilty 
 of the usuall vices of that generation of men, rage and sAvearing, 
 died, he gave over his haAvkes, and pleas'd himselfe Avith musick, 
 and againe fell to the practise of his violl, on Avhich he play'd ex- 
 cellently Avell, and entertaining tutors for the diversion and educa- 
 tion of his children in all sorts of musick, he pleas'd himselfe in 
 these innocent recreations during Oliver's mutable reigne. As he 
 had greate delight, so he had greate iudgment, in musick, and ad- 
 vanc'd his children's practise more then their tutors: he alsoe Avas a 
 greate supervisor of their learning, and indeed himselfe a tutor to 
 them all, besides all those tutors Avhich he liberally entertain'd in his 
 house for them. He spared not any cost for the education of both 
 his sons and daughters in languages, sciences, musick, dancing, 
 and all other ciuallities befitting their father's house. lie Avas him- 
 selfe their instructor in humillity, sobrietie, and all godlinesse and 
 vertue, Avhich he rather strove to make them exercise Avith love and 
 delight then by constraint. As other things Avere his delight, this
 
 335 
 
 only he made his businesse, to attend the education of his children^ 
 and the government of his owne house and towne. This he per- 
 form'd so well that never M^as any man more fear'd and loved then 
 he by all his domesticks, tenants, and hired workmen. He was 
 loved with such a feare and reverence as restrein'd all rude famil- 
 liarity and insolent presumptions in those who were under him, and 
 he Avas fear'd with so much love that they all delighted to doe his 
 pleasure. 
 
 As he maintain'd his authority in all relations, so he endeavour'd 
 to make their subiection pleasant to them, and rather to convince 
 them by reason then compell them to obedience, and would decline 
 even to the lowest of his famely to make them enioy their lives in 
 sober cheerefullnesse, and not find their duties burthensome. 
 
 As for the publick businesse of the country, he could not act 
 in any office under the protector's power, and therefore confin'd 
 himselfe to his owne, which the whole country about him were 
 griev'd at, and would rather come to him for councell as a private 
 neighbour then to any of the men in power for greater helpe. 
 
 He now being reduc'd into an absolute private condition, was 
 very much courted and visited by all of all parties, and while the 
 grand quarrell slept, and both the victors and vanquish'd Avere 
 equall slaves under the new usurpers, there was a very kind corre- 
 spondence betwcene him and all his countricmen. As he Avas very 
 hospitable, and his conversation no lesse desirable and pleasant, then 
 instructive and advantageous, his house was much resorted to, and 
 as kindly open to those who had in publick contests bene his ene- 
 mies, as to his continued friends ; for there never lived a man that 
 had lesse mallice and revenge, nor more reconcileablenesse and 
 kindnesse and generosity in his nature, then he. 
 
 In the interim Cromwell and his armie grew wanton with their 
 power, and invented a thousand tricks of government, which, when 
 nobody oppos'd, they themselves fell to dislike and vary every day. 
 
 2 Z
 
 536 
 
 First Tie calls a parliament out of his owne pockett, himselfe nam- 
 ing a sort of godly men for every county, who meeting and not 
 agreeing, a part of them, in the name of the people, give up the 
 sovereignty to him. Shortly after he makes up severall sorts of 
 mock parliaments, but not finding one of them absolutely for his 
 turne, turn'd them olf againc. He soone quitted himselfe of his 
 triumvirs, and first thrust out Harrison, then tooke away Lambert's 
 commission, and would have bene king but for feare of quitting his 
 generallship. He weeded, in a few months time, above a hundred 
 and fift}'^ godly oflSccrs out of the armic, Avith whom many of the 
 religious souldiers Avent off, and in their roome abundance of the 
 king's dissolute souldiers were entertain'd, and the armie was almost 
 chang'd from that godly religious armie, whose vallour God had 
 crown'd with triumph, into the dissolute armie they had beaten, 
 bearing yett a better name. His wife and children were setting up 
 for principallity, which suited no better with any of them then Scar- 
 lett on the ape; only to speak the truth of himselfe, he had much 
 naturall greatnesse, and well became the place he had usurp'd. 
 His daughter Fleetewood was humbled, and not exalted with these 
 things, but the rest were insolent fooles. Cleypoole, who married his 
 daughter, and his son Plenry, were two dcbauch'd ungodly cavaliers. 
 Richard Avas a peasant in his nature, yet gentle and vertuous, but 
 became not greatnesse. His court was full of sinne and vanity, and 
 the more abominable, because they had not yett quite cast aAvay the 
 name of God, but prophan'd it by taking it in vaine upon them. 
 True religion Avas now almost lost, even among the religious party, 
 and hipocrisic became an epidemicall disease, to the sad griefe of 
 Coll. Hutchinson, and all true-hearted Christians and Englishmen. 
 AUmost all the ministers every Avhere fell in and Avorshipt this beast, 
 and courted and made addresses to him. So did the city of Lon- 
 don, and many of the degenerate lords of the land, with the poore- 
 spirited gentry. The cavaliers, in pollicy, Avho saw that while Crom-
 
 337 
 
 well reduc'd all the exercise of tirannicall power under another 
 name, there was a doore open'd for the restoring of their party, fell 
 much in with Cromwell, and heightened all his disorders. He at 
 last exercis'd such an arbitrary power that the whole land grew 
 Aveary of him, while he sett up a companie of silly meane fellows, 
 call'd maior-generalls, as governors in every country. These rul'd 
 according to their Avills, by no law but Avhat seem'd good in their 
 owne eies, imprisoning men, obstructing the course of iustice be- 
 tweene man and man, perverting right through partiallity, acquitting 
 some that were guilty, and punishing some that were innocent as 
 guilty. Then he exercis'd another proiect to rayse mony, by deci- 
 mation of the estates of all the king's part}^, of which actions 'tis 
 said liambert was the instigator. At last he tooke upon him to 
 make lords and knights, and wanted not many fooles, both of the 
 armie and gentry, to accept of and strutt in his mock titles." Then 
 
 ■^ The description given of the usurpation of Cromwell and his myrmidons, concise 
 and contemptuous as it is, will be found perfectly just. With all his professions he 
 did little else but deteriorate that state of things in which the parliament had left 
 them : he patched up a much worse peace with the Dutch than the parliament would 
 have made : to gratify or serve his personal views he assisted the French against the Spa- 
 niards, and for ever weakened that power which would now have supported this nation 
 against so dangerous a neighbour. Ireland he depopulated by encouragiug the cavalier 
 chiefs to emigrate with their adherents into foreign services. At home he rendered 
 the very names of religion and liberty contemptible, and paved tlie way for the return 
 of the Stuarts. Mrs. Hutchinson mentions nothing of a circumstance which perhaps 
 she did not know, or if she did, passed it over as beneath notice: the following letter 
 shews the nature of it. 
 
 Thurloe's State Papers, vol. iv. p. 299, Major-general Whalley writes to the pro- 
 tector: " For the town of fsottingham, I have a great influence upon it; they will not 
 " choose any without my advice. The honest part of the county have of late, which 
 " I much wonder at, nominated Col. Hutchinson to me, as not knowing better to pitch 
 " to make up the fourth man, he having satisfied some of them concerning his judg- 
 " ment of the present government; but 1 iiope what I liave hinted to them will cause 
 " them to think upou some other."
 
 338 
 
 the Earle of Warwick's grandchild and the Lord Falconbridge mar- 
 ried his tAvo dau^'hters; such pittifull slaves Avere the nobles of those 
 dayes. Att last Lambert, perceiving himsclfe to have bene all this 
 while deluded with hopes and promises of succession, and seeing 
 that Cromwell now intended to confirme the government in his owne 
 famely, fell off from him, but behav'd himselfe very pittifully and 
 meanely, was lurn'd out of all his places, and return'd againe to 
 plott new vengeance at his house at Wimbleton, a\ here he fell to 
 dresse his floAvers in his garden, and Avorke at the needle Avidi his 
 wife and his maides, Avhile he was Avatching an oppertunity to 
 serve againe his ambition, which had this difference from the 
 protector's; the one Avas gallant and greate, the other had nothing 
 but an uuAVorthy pride, most insolent in prosperity, and as abiect 
 and base in adversity. 
 
 The cavaliers, seeing their victors thus beyond their hopes fall- 
 ino- into their hands, had not patience to stay till things ripen'd of 
 themselves, but Avere every day forming designes, and plotting for 
 the murder of CroniAvell, and other insurrections, Avhich being con- 
 Iriv'd in drinke, and manag'd by false and coAvardly felloAves, Avere 
 still reveal'd to CromAvell, Avho had most excellent intelligence of all 
 things that past, even in the king's closett; and by these unsuccess- 
 full plotts they Avere the only obstructors of Avhat they sought to 
 advance, while, to speake truth, CromAvell's personall courage and 
 macmanimity upheld him against all enemies and malcontents. 
 His OAvne armie dislik'd him, and once Avhen sevenscore officers 
 had combin'd to crosse him in something he was persuing, and en- 
 gag'd one to another, Lambert being the chiefe, Avitli solemne pro- 
 mises and invocations to God, the protector hearing of it, overaw'd 
 them all, and told them, " it Avas not they Avho upheld him, but he 
 " them," and rated them, and made them understand Avhat pittifull 
 fellows they were ; Avhereupon they all, like rated dogs, clapp'd their 
 tayles betweenc their leggs, and begg'd his pardon, and left Lam-
 
 339 
 
 bert to fall alone, none daring to owne him publickly, though many 
 in their hearts wisht him the sovereignty. Some of the Lam- 
 bertonians had at that time a plolt to come with a petition to Crom- 
 well, and, Avhile he Avas reading it, certeine of them had under- 
 taken to cast him out of a Avindore at Whitehall that lookt upon 
 the Thames, where others should be ready to catch him up in a 
 blankett, if he scap'd breaking his neck, and carrie him away in 
 a boate prepar'd for the purpose to kill or keepe him alive, as they 
 saw occasion, and then sett up Lambert, This was so carried on 
 that it was neere the execution before the protector knew aniethino- 
 of it. Coll. Hutchinson being at that time at London, by chance 
 came to know all the plott; certeine of the conspirators coming into 
 a place where he was, and not being so cautious of their whispers 
 to each other before him, but that he apprehended something, which 
 making use of to others of the confederates, he at last found out 
 the whole matter, without being committed to him as a matter of 
 trust, but carelessely throwne downe in pieces before him, Avhich he 
 gather'd together, and became perfectly acquainted with the Avhole 
 dcsiguc; and weighing it, and iudging that Lambert would be the 
 "worse tirant of the two, he dctermin'd to prevent it, without being 
 the author of any man's punishment. Hereupon having occasion 
 to see Fleetwood (for he had never scene the protector since his 
 usurpation, but publickly declar'd his testimony against it to all the 
 tirant's minions), he bade FleetAVOod Avish him to have a care of 
 petitioners, by Avhom he apprehended danger to his life. Fleet- 
 Avood desir'd a more particular information, but the coUonell Avas 
 resolv'd he Avould give him no more then to prevent that enterprize 
 Avhich he dislik'd. For indeed those Avho Avere deepely engag'd, 
 rather Avaited to see the cavaliers in arms against him, and then 
 thought it the best time to arme for their owne defence, and either 
 make a ncAV conquest, or fall Avith swords in their hands. There- 
 fore they all conniv'd at the caA^aliers attempts, and although they
 
 340 
 
 ioyn'd not with them, would not have been sonic to have scene 
 them up upon equal termes with the protector, that then a third 
 party, Avhich was ready both with arms and men, M'hen there 
 was oppertunity, might have fallen in and capitulated with swords 
 in their hands, for the settlement of the rights and liberties of 
 the good people: but God had otherwise determin'd of things; 
 and now men began so to flatter Avith this tirant, so to apostatize 
 from all faith, honesty, religion, and English liberty, and there 
 was such a devillish practise of trepanning growne in fashion, 
 that it was not safe to speake to any man in those treacherous 
 dayes. * 
 
 After Coll. Hutchinson had given Fleetwood that caution, he 
 was going into the country, Avhen the protector sent to search him 
 out with all the earnestnesse and haste that could possibly be, and 
 the collonell went to him; who mett him in one of the galleries, 
 and receiv'd him with open amies and the kindest embraces that 
 could be given, and complain'd that the collonell should be so un- 
 kind as never to give him a visitt, professing how wellcome he 
 should have bene, the most wellcome person in the land, and with 
 these smooth insinuations led him allong to a private place, giving 
 him thankes for the advertisement he had receiv'd from Fleetwood, 
 and using all his art to gett out of the collonell the knowledge of 
 the pei-sons engag'd in the conspiracy against him. But none of 
 his cunning, nor promises, nor flatteries, could prevaile with the col- 
 lonell to inforaie him more then he thought necessary to prevent the 
 execution of the designe, which when the protector perceiv'd, he 
 gave him most infinite thankes for what he had told him, and ac- 
 knowledg'd it open'd to him some misteries that had perplext him, 
 and agreed so with other intelligence he had, that he must owe his 
 preservation to him: " But," says he, " deare collonell, why will not 
 *' you come in and act among us?" The collonell told him plainly, 
 because he liked not any of his wayes since he broke the parlia-
 
 341 
 
 ment, as being those which led lo certeinc and unavoydable de- 
 struclion, not only of themselves, but of the whole parliament party 
 and cause, and thereupon tooke occasion, with his usuall freedom, 
 to tell him into what a sad hazard all things were put, and how 
 apparent a way was made for the restitution of all former tiranny 
 and bondage. Cromwell seem'd to receive this honest plainncsse 
 with the greatest aftection that could be, and acknowledg'd his pre- 
 cjpitatcnesse in some things, and with teares complain'd how Lam- 
 bert had put him upon all those violent actions, for which he now 
 accus'd him and sought his mine. He expresst an earnest desire 
 to restore the people's liberties, and to take and pursue more safe 
 and sober councells, and wound up all with a very faire courtship 
 of the collonell to engage Avith him, offering him any thing he 
 would account worthy of him. The collonell told him, he could 
 not be forward to make his owne advantage, by serving to the en- 
 slaving of his country. The other told him, he intended nothing 
 inore then the restoring and confirming the liberties of the good 
 people, in order to which he would employ such men of honor and 
 interest as the people should reioyce, and he should not refuse to 
 be one of them. And after, with all his arts, he had endeavour'd 
 to excuse his publique actions, and to dra^v^ in the collonell; who 
 againe had taken the oppertunity to tell him freely his owne and 
 all good men's discontents and dissatisfactions; he dismist the col- 
 lonell with such expressions as were publickely taken notice of by 
 all his little courtiers then about him, when he Avent to the end of 
 the gallcr}^ Avith the collonell, and there, embracing him, sayd 
 alloAvd to him, " Well, collonell, satisfied or dissatisfied, you shall 
 " be one of us, for Avee can no longer exempt a person so able 
 " and faithfull from the publique service, and you shall be satis- 
 " fied in all honest things." The collonell left him with that respect 
 that became the place he Avas in; Avhen immediately the same 
 courtiers, Avho had some of them past him by Avithout knoAving him
 
 342 
 
 when he came in, although ihey had bene once of his famihar 
 acquaintance, and the rest who had look'd upon him with such 
 disdainfull neglect as those little people use to those Avho are not 
 of their faction, now flockt about him, striving Avho should ex- 
 presse most respect, and, by an extraordinary officiousnesse, re- 
 deeme their late slightings. Some of them desir'd he would com- 
 mand their service in any businesse he had Avith their lord, and a 
 thousand such frivolous compliments, which the coUonell smiled att, 
 and quitting himselfe of them as soone as he could, made hast to 
 returne into the country. There he had not long bene but that he 
 was inform'd, notAvithstanding all these faire shewes, the protector, 
 finding him too constant to be wrought upon to serve his tirannie, 
 had resolv'd to secure his person, least he should head the people, 
 who noAV grew very Aveary of his bondage. But though it Avas cer- 
 tainly confirm'd to the collonell how much he Avas afraid of his 
 honesty and freedome, and that he Avas resolv'd not to let him 
 longer be att liberty, yet, before his guards apprehended the col- 
 lonell, death imprison'd himselfe, and confin'xl all his vast ambition 
 and all his cruell designes into the narroAv compasse of a grave. 
 His armie and court substituted his eldest sonne, Richard, in his 
 roome, Avho Avas a meeke, temperate, and quiett man, but had not 
 a spiritt fit to succeed his father, or to manage such a perplexed 
 government. 
 
 The people being vexed with the pockett-parliaments, and the 
 maior-generalls of the counties, like bashaAvs, were now all mutter- 
 ing to \\a\e a free parliament, after the old manner of elections, 
 Avithout engaging those that Avcre chosen to any terms. Those at 
 Richard's court, that knew his father's councells to prevent Coll. 
 Hutchinson from being chosen in his owne country, councell'd 
 Richard to pricke him for sheriffe of the county of Nottingham, 
 Avhich assoone as he understood, he writt him a letter, declaring 
 his resentment in such a civill manner as became the person.
 
 343 
 
 Richard rcLurn'd a very obliging answer, denying any intention in 
 hiniselfe to shew die least disfavour to him for former dissents, but 
 rather a desire to engage his kiridnesse. And soone after, Avhen the 
 collonell went himselfe to London and went to the young protector, 
 he told him, that since God had call'd him to the government, it 
 was his desire to make men of uprightnesse and interest his associ- 
 ates, to rule by their councells and assistance, and not to enslave 
 the nation to an armie ; and that if by them he had bene putt upon 
 any thing preiudiciall or disoblieging to the collonell in pricking 
 him for sherift'e, he should endeavour to take it of, or to serve him 
 any other way, assoone as he had disentangled himselfe from the 
 officers of the armie, Avho att present constrein'd him in many 
 things, and therefore if the collonell would please, without unkind- 
 nesse, to exercise this office, he should receive it as an obligation, 
 and seek one more acceptable to him after. The collonell seeing 
 him herein good-natur'd enough, Avas persuaded by a very Avise 
 friend of his to take it upon him, and return'd Avell enough satisfied 
 Avitli the courteous usage of the protector. This gentleman Avho had 
 thus councell'd the collonell, Avas as considerable and as wuse a 
 person as any was in England, avIio did not openly appeare among 
 Richard's adherents or councellors, but privately advis'd him, and 
 had a very honorable designe of bringing the nation into freedome 
 under this young man ; who Avas so flexible to good councells, that 
 there Avas nothing desirable in a prince Avhicli might not have bene 
 hoped in him, but a greate spiritt and a iust title : the first of Avhich 
 sometimes doth more hurt then good in a soveraigne; the latter 
 Avould have bene supplied by the people's deserved approbation. 
 This person Avas very free to impart to the collonell all the designe 
 of settling the state under this single person, and the hopes of feli- 
 city in such an establishment. The collonell debating this Avith him, 
 told him, that if ever it Avere once fixt in a single person, and the 
 army taken of, Avhich could not consist Avith the liberty of the 
 
 .5 A
 
 544 
 
 people, it could not be prevented from returning to the late eiected 
 family ; and that on Avhatever termes they return 'd, it was folly to 
 hope the people's cause, which, with such blood and expence, had 
 bene asserted, should not utterly be overthrowne. To this the gen- 
 tleman gave many strong reasons, why that family could not be 
 restor'd, without the mine of the people's liberty and of all their 
 champions, and thought that these carried so much force with them, 
 that it would never be attempted, even by any royallist that rctein'd 
 any love to his country, and that the establishing this single person 
 Avould satisfie that faction, and compose all the differences, bring- 
 ing in all of all parties that were men of interest and love to their 
 country. Although the businesse was very speciously lay'd, and 
 the man such a one whose authority was sufficient to sway in any 
 state, the collonell Avas not much opiniated of the things he pro- 
 pounded, but willing to waite the event ; being in himselfe more 
 perswaded that the people's freedome would be best mainlain'd in a 
 free republick, deliver'd from the shackles of their encroaching 
 slaves the army. This was now not mutter'd, but openly asserted 
 by all but the army: although of those who contended for it, there 
 were two sorts ; some that really thought it the most conducible to 
 the people's good and freedome; others that, by this pretence, 
 hoped to pull doAvne the army and the protectorian faction, and 
 then restore the old famely. It is believ'd that Richard himselfe 
 was compounded with, to have resign'd the place that was too 
 greate for him ; certeine it is that his poore spiritt was likely enough 
 to doe any such thing. The army perceiving they had sett up a 
 wretch Avho durst not reigne, that there was a convention mett, by 
 their owne assent, who were ready, with a seeming face of autho- 
 rity of parliament, to restore the Stewarts, were greately distrest; 
 finding alsoe that the whole nation was bent against them, and 
 would not beare theii- yoake; having therefore no refuge to save 
 them from being tome in pieces by the people, and to deliver them
 
 345 
 
 from tlieir owuc puppitts who had sold and betray 'd them, they 
 found out some of the members of that glorious parliament which 
 they had violently driven from their seates with a thousand slan- 
 derous criminations and untrue. To these they counterfeited re- 
 pentance, and that God had open'd their eies to see into what a 
 manifest hazard of ruine they had put the interest and people of 
 God in these nations, so that it was almost irrecoverable, but if any 
 hope were left, it was that God Avould signe it with his wonted fa- 
 vour, in those hands, out of which they had iniuriously taken it. 
 Hereupon they open'd the house doores for them ; and the speaker, 
 w ith some few members, as mau}^ as made a house, were too hasty 
 to return into their seates, upon . capitulation with those traytors, 
 who had brought the commonwealth into such a sad confusion. But 
 after they Mere mett, they immediately sent summons to all the 
 members throu shout all England, amona; whom the collonell was 
 call'd up,' and much perplexed, for now he thought his conscience, 
 life, and fortunes againe enoaoed with men of mixed and ditferent 
 interests and principles; yet in regard of the trust formerly repos'd 
 in him, he returned into his place, infinitely dissatisfied that any 
 condescension had bene made to the armies proposalls, whose neces- 
 sity rather then honesty had moov'd them to counterfeit repentance 
 and ingenuity. This they did by a publick declaration, how they 
 had bene seduc'd, and done wickedly in inteiTupting the parliament, 
 and that God had nev^r since tliat time own'd them and their coun- 
 
 ' By this passage, that error which has become general, and which is to be found 
 in Rapin, vol. ii. p. 605, is rendered palpable. He says they met in parliament to the 
 number of forty-two; and again, p. C07, calls it a parliament of forty persons, but 
 takes no notice of their sending summonses to all the members throughout England ; 
 but in the addition or suppression of this circumjtance lies the total difference between 
 truth and falsehootl. Ludlow, who was one of theinj says, vol. ii. p. 645. " That they 
 " amounted to a liundred and sixty, who had sat in the house since the seclusion of 
 "members iu 1048."
 
 346 
 
 cells as before, and that they desir'd to humljle themselves before 
 God and man for the same, and to returne to their dutie in defend- 
 ing the parliament in the discharge of their remaining trust. Ac- 
 cording to this declaration, the armie kept a day of solemne humi- 
 liation before the Lord ; yet all this, as the event after manifested, 
 in hypocrisie." 
 
 Now the parliament were sate, and no sooner assembled but 
 invaded by severall enemies. The presbiterians had long since 
 espoused the royall interest, and forsaken God and the people's 
 cause, Avlien they could not obteine the reincs of government in 
 their owne hands, and exercise dominion over all their brethren." 
 It was treason by the law of those men in power, to talk of re- 
 storing the king ; therefore the presbiterians must face the designe, 
 and accordingly all the members eiected in 1648, now came to 
 claime their seates in the house, whom Coll. Pride, that then 
 guarded the parliament, turned back, and thereupon there was 
 some heate in the lobbie between them and the other members. 
 Particularly Sr. George Booth utter'd some threats, and immediately 
 they went into their severall counties, and had laid a designe all 
 
 "■ There are copies of this declaration extant, signed by Lambert, Fleetwood, &c. 
 one particularly in the hands of John Towneley, Esq. as likewise pamphlets written at 
 that lime, calling on the army to make the only amends they could to the nation, by 
 restoring the parliament. 
 
 " Rapin, in a parallel passsage, vol. ii. p. GU, says, that " the presbyterians, see- 
 " ing no hopes of recovering the gronnd they had lost, agreed with the king's party to 
 " deliver the nation from the servitude to which it was reduced by an independent par- 
 " liaraent, and an army whose officers were mostly tanaticks. The particulars and 
 " terms of this union are not known, because the historians who speak of it, being all 
 " royalists, have not thought fit to do so much honour to the presbyterians. But it 
 " cannot be concealed, that from this time they not only ceased to be the king's ene- 
 " mies, but very much promoted his restoration." Behold the honour he asks for 
 them granted by their greatest enemy an independent!— As was their motive such was 
 their reward; beginning in rage and folly, they ended in disgrace and ruin.
 
 347 
 
 over England, wherein all the royallists were engag'd, and many of 
 the old parliament ofhccrs ; and this was so dexterously, secretly, 
 and unanimously carried on, that before the parliament had the 
 least intimalion of it, the fiame was everywhere kindled, and small 
 parties attempting insurrections in all places ; but tluMr maine 
 strength was with 8r. George Booth in Cheshire, who there appeiu'd 
 the chiefe head of the rebellion. The citie, at that lime, were very 
 wavering and false to the parliament, yett the usuall pi-esence of 
 God, that was Avith ihem in former times, never appear'd so emi- 
 nent as now, miraculously bringing to light all the ploUs against 
 them, and scattering their enemies before the wind, making them 
 flie when there Avas none to persue them : although even in the par- 
 liament house there wanted not many close traytors and abettors of 
 this conspiracy. It was presently voted to send an armie downe 
 into Cheshire; but then it fell into debate Avho should jlead. Fleete- 
 wood, upon the deposing his brother Richard (wherein he was most 
 unworthily assistant), Avas made generall, but not thought a person 
 of courage enough for this enterprize, Avhereupon many of Lam- 
 bert's friends propounded him to the house, and undertooke for his 
 integrity and hearty repentance for having bene formerly assistant to 
 the protector. Coll. Hutchinson Avas utterly against receiving him 
 againe into employment; but it Avas the generall vote of the house, 
 and accordingly he was brought in to receive his commission from 
 the speaker; Avho intending to accept an humble submission, he 
 then falsely made, Avith high professions of fidelitie, and to returne 
 him an encouragement, in declaring the confidence the house had 
 in him, through mistake, made such a speech to him, as after 
 prov'd a true prophesie of his perfidiousnesse. Many of the house 
 tooke notice of it then only to laugh, but afterward thought some 
 hidden impulse, the man Avas not sensible of, led his tongue into 
 those mistakes. However Lambert Avent forth, and through the 
 coAvardize of the enemie obtein'd a very cheape victory, and re-
 
 348 
 
 turned. In Nottinghamshire Coll. White rose, only to shew his 
 apostac}', and runne aAvay. The Lord Biion alsoe lost himselfe and 
 his companions in the forrest, being chac'd by a piece of the county 
 troope. And Mr. Robert Pierrepont, the sonne of the late collonell, 
 Avent out to make up the route, and runne away, and cast awa}"^ 
 some good arms into the bushes, to make his flight more easie. 
 
 During the late protector's times Coll. Hutchinson, who thought 
 them greater usurpers on the people's liberties then the former kings, 
 believ'd himselfe wholly disengag'd from all ties, but those which 
 God and nature, or rather God by nature oblieges every man of 
 honor and honesty in to his country, v/hich is to defend or relieve it 
 from invading tirants, as farre as he may by a lawfull call and 
 meanes, and to suft'er patiently that yoake vrhich God submits him 
 to, till the Lord shall take it of; and upon these principles, he 
 seing that authority, to which he was in duty bound, so seemingly 
 taken quite away, thought he was free to fall in or oppose all things, 
 as prudence should guide hini, upon generall rules of conscience. 
 These would not permitt him any way to assist any tirant or invader 
 of the people's rights, nor to rise up against them without a manifest 
 call from God ; therefore he staid at home, and busied himselfe in 
 his owne domestick employments, and having a very liberall heart, 
 had a house open to all worthy persons of all parties. Among these 
 the Lord Biron, who thought that no gentleman ought to be un- 
 provided of amies, in such an uncerteine time, had provided him- 
 selfe a trunck of pistolls, which Avcre brought downe from London : 
 but some suspition of it, being enter'd in the protector's officers, he 
 durst not fetch the truuke from, the carrier's himselfe, but entreated 
 the collonell to send for them to his house, and secure them there. 
 This the collonell did, but afterward when my Lord Biron had en- 
 ter'd into conspiracy with the enemies of the parliament, he knew 
 that Coll. Hutchinson was not to be attempted against them, and 
 was in grcate care how to gett his armes out of the collonell's house.
 
 349 
 
 The collonell being of a very compassionate and charitable nature, 
 had entcrtaiu'd into his service, some poore people, who on the 
 enemies side had bene ruin'd, and were reduc'd from good estates to- 
 seeke that refuge; and who counterfeited, so long as their party was 
 downe, such sobriety, love and gratitude, and sence of their sins 
 and miscarriages on the other side, that he hoped they had bene 
 converts, but could not believe they would have proov'd such de- 
 testable, unthankfull traytors, as afterwards they did. Among 
 these. Lord Biron corrupted a gentleman who Avaited then on the 
 collonell, as the man after alledg'd; my lord say 'd he ofFer'd him- 
 selfe : however it were, the plott was lay'd that fifty men, neere the 
 collonell's house, should be rays'd for him, and he with them should 
 first come to the collonell's house, and take away my lord's arms, 
 with all the rest of the collonell's that they could find. To rayse 
 him these men, certeine neighbours, who us'd to come to the house, 
 were very busie, and especially two parsons, he of Pliimtre, and he 
 of Bingham ; this had an active proud, pragmaticall curate, who 
 used to come to this traytor in the colloneirs house, and help to 
 manage the treason, and the chaplaine, the waiting woman, and 
 two servants more, were drawne into the confederacy. The collonell 
 was then at the parliament house, and only his wife and children at 
 home, when, the night before the insurrection, Ivie (that was the 
 gentleman's name) came to a singing boy who kept the collonell's 
 clothes, and commanded him to deliver him the collonell's owne 
 arms and buffe coate. 
 
 The boy was fearefull and did not readily obey him, whereupon 
 he threatned immediately to pistoll him, if he made the least re- 
 sistance, or discovery of the businesse; so the boy fetcht him the 
 arms, and he put them on, and tooke one of the best horses and 
 went out at midnight, telling the boy, he was a foole to feare, for 
 the next night, before that time, there would come fifty men to 
 fetch aAvay all the arms in the house.
 
 350 
 
 Assoone as the boy saw him quite gone, his mistresse being then 
 in bed, he Avent to the chaplaine and acquainted him ; but the 
 chaphiine curs'd him for breaking his sleepe: then he went to the 
 waiting gentlewoman, but she say'd she thought it would be unfilt 
 to disturbe her mistresse: so the boy rested till next day, when Ivie, 
 having fail'd of his men, was come back againe. Then the boy, 
 finding an oppertunity after dinner, told his mistresse, that though 
 he had bene bred a cavalier, he abhorr'd to betrey or be unfaithfull 
 to those he serv'd ; and that he had reason to suspect there was some 
 vile conspiracy in hand, wherein Ivie Avas engaged against them, and 
 told his grounds. When Mrs. Hutchinson had heard that, she bade 
 him keepe it private, and call'd immediately a servant that had 
 bene a cornett of the parliament's party, and bade him goe to the 
 county troope's captaine, and desire him to send her a guard for 
 her husband's house, for she had intelligence that the cavaliers in- 
 tended some attempt against it. Mrs. Hutchinson, asham'd to com- 
 playne of her owne famely, thought of this way of security, till she 
 could discharge herselfe of the traytor, not knowing at that time 
 how many more were about her. Then calling her gentlewoman, 
 whom she thought she might trust, upon her solemne protestations 
 of fidellity, she tooke her to assist her in hiding her plate and 
 iewells, and what she had of value, and scrupled not to let her see 
 the secrett places in her house, while the false and l^ase dissembler 
 went smilling up and downe at her mistresses simplicity. Meane 
 time the man that was sent for souldiers, came back, bringing 
 newes that the cavaliers had risen and Avere beaten, and the county 
 troope Avas in persuite of them. Then alsoe the coachman, Avho 
 finding himselfe not well, had borrow'd a horse to goe to Notting- 
 ham to be lett blood, came home, bringing Avith him a cravatt and 
 other spoyles of the enemie, Avhich he had gotten. For Avhen he 
 came to the towne, hearing the cavaliers Avere up, he gott a case of 
 pistoUs, and thought more of shedding then loosing blood, and
 
 351 
 
 meeting the cavaliers in the rout, 'tis say'd, he kill'd one of them : 
 altliough this rogue had engag'd to Ivie to have gone on the other 
 side with liim. Mrs. Hutchinson not being wiUing, for all this, to 
 take such notice of Ivie's treason as to cast him into prison, tooke 
 him immediately (to London with her, and say'd nothing till he 
 came there. Then she told him how base and treacherous he had 
 bene; but to save her owne shame for having entcrtain'd so false a 
 person, and for her mother's sake whom he had formerly serv'd, she 
 was Avilling to dismissc him privately, without acquainting the 
 collonell, Avho could not know but he must punish him. So she 
 gave him something and turn'd him away, and told her husband 
 she came only to acquaint him with the insurrection, and her owne 
 feares of staying in the country without him. He being very in- 
 dulgent, went immediately back with her, having inform 'd the par- 
 liament, and receiv'd their order for going downe to looke after the 
 securing of the country. His Avife, as soone as she came downe, 
 having learnt that the chaplaine had bene Ivie's confederate, told 
 him privately of it, and desir'd him to find a pretence to take his 
 leave of the collonell, that she might not be necessitated to com- 
 plaine, and procure him the punishment his treason deserv'd. He 
 went away thus, but so farre from being wrought upon, that he hated 
 her to the death for her kindnesse. 
 
 The collonell having sett things in order in the country, had an 
 intent to have carried his famely that winter with him to London ; 
 ■when iust that weeke he was going, news was brought that Lambert 
 had once more turn'd out the parliament, and the collonell reioyc'd 
 in his good fortune that he was not present. 
 
 Lambert was exceedingly putft up with his cheape victory, and 
 caiol'd his souldiers, and, before he return'd to London, sett on foote 
 among them their old insolent way of prescribing to the parliament 
 by way of petition. 
 
 3 15
 
 35<2 
 
 The parliament, after the submission of the armie, had voted 
 that there should no more be a generall over them, but to keepe 
 that poAver in their owne hands, that all the officers should take 
 their commissions immediately from the speaker." The conspiracy 
 of the ai'mie, to gett a leader in their rebellion, was layd, that they 
 should petition for generalls and such like things as might facilitate 
 their intents. Among others that were taken in arms against, the 
 parliament Lord Castleton was one of the chiefe heads of the in- 
 surrection. Him Lambert brought along with him in his coach, 
 not now as a prisoner, but unguarded, as one that was to be ho- 
 nour'd. The parliament hearing of this, sent and fetcht him out of 
 his company and committed him to prison, and then the army's 
 sawcy petition was deliver'd, and, upon the insolent carriage of 
 nine collonells, they were by vote disbanded. Lambert being one 
 of them, came in a hostile manner and pluckt the members out of 
 the house; Fleetewood, whom they trusted to guard them, having 
 confederated Avith Lambert and betrey'd them. After that, setting 
 up their armie court at Wallingford-house, they begun their arbi- 
 trary reigne, to the ioy of all the vanquisht enemies of the parlia- 
 ment, and to the amazement and ten'or of all men that had any 
 honest interest: and now were they all devizing governments; and 
 some honorable members, I know not through Avhat fatallity of the 
 times, fell in with them.'' When Coll. Hutchinson came into the 
 
 " It was a great oversight that they had not taken this course from the heginning: 
 ibr although it is very difficult for a republic, which has need of considerable armies, 
 to maintain its independence, which is for ever liable to be invaded by those who have 
 the sword in their hands, yet the best chance it has lies in the keeping the military 
 under the direction of the civil power. This method succeeded a good while with 
 the French republic, and might have done still longer if some of the members of the 
 executive power had not leagued with some of the military commanders. 
 
 ' This was that committee of safety, or council of the Stratocracy, among the prin- 
 cipal members of which were Sir Henry Vane, Ludlow, and Whitelock, as mentioned
 
 353 
 
 country some time before Lambert's revolt, Mr. Robert Pierrepont, 
 the Sonne of the late Coll. Francis Pierrepont, sent friends to en- 
 treate the collonell to receive him into his protection. Upon the 
 entreaty of his uncles he tooke him into his owne house, and en- 
 tertain'd him civilly there, whilst he writ to the speaker, urgino- his 
 youth, his surrender of himselfe, and all he could in favour of him, 
 desiring to know how they would please to dispose of him. Before 
 the letters were answer'd Lambert had broken the parliament, and 
 the collonell told him he was free againe to doe what he pleas'd; 
 but the young gentleman begg'd of the collonell that he might con- 
 tinue under his sanctuary till these things came to some issue. 
 This the collonell very freely admitted, and entertain'd him till the 
 second returne of the parliament, not without much trouble to his 
 house, of him and his servants, so contrary to the sobriety and holi- 
 nesse the collonell delighted in, yett for his father's and his uncle's 
 sakes he endur'd it about six months. 
 
 Some of Lambert's officers, while he march'd neere Nottingham- 
 shire, having formerly serv'd under the collonell's command, came 
 to his house at Owthorpe and told him of the petition that was sett 
 on foote in Lambert's brigade, and consulted whether they should 
 signe it or no. The collonell advis'd them by no means to doe it, 
 yett notwithstanding they did, which made the collonell exceeding 
 
 by Whitelock, p. 685. He there says that he took his share in it reluctantly, and that 
 all three were censured for it by the parliament at their return. Ludlow was accused 
 of treason; Vane made an ingenious excuse, but was banished to one of his country 
 seats. Col. Hutchinson evidently divided from Sir H. Vane on this occasion, and, as 
 Ludlow says, urged on the censure against him, which he considers as inconsistent 
 with Col. Hutchinson's judgment passed on the king, and as a proof of his treachery 
 and underhand agreement with Monk. But no conclusion can be more unwarranted 
 than this: it was Col. Hutchinson's anxiety to keep the king out, or at least to prevent 
 his coming in with a high hand and without limitation, that caused him so strenuously 
 to oppose these rash steps; which made all wish for the king's return, to deliver them 
 from greater evils.
 
 354 
 
 angrie witli them, thinking they rather came to see how he stood 
 affected, then really to askc his councell. When Lambert had 
 broken the house, the coUonell made a short voyage to London to 
 informe himselfe how things were, and found some of the members 
 exceedingly sensible of the sad estate the kingdome was reduc'd 
 unto by the rash ambition of these men, and resolving that there 
 was no way l^ut for every man that abhorr d it to improove their in- 
 terest in their countries, and to suppresse these usurpers and rcbells. 
 Hereupon the collonell tooke order to have some amies bought and 
 sent him, and had prepar'd a thousand honest men, whenever he 
 should call for their assistance; intending to improove his posse 
 comitatus when occasion should be offer'd. To provoke him more 
 particularly to this, severall accidents fell out. Among the rest, six 
 of Lambert's troopers came to gather mony, lay'd upon the country 
 by an assessment of parliament, whom the collonell telling that in 
 regard it was leavied by that authority, he had pay'd it, but other- 
 Avise would not; two of them, Avho only Avere in the roome with the 
 collonell, the rest being on horseback in the court, gave him such 
 insolent termes, Avith such unsufferable i-eproaches of the parlia- 
 ment, that the collonell drcAv a sword Avhich Avas in the roome to 
 have chastis'd them. While a minister that was by held the col- 
 lonell's arme, his Avife, not Avilling to have them kill'd in her pre- 
 sence, opened the doore and let them out, who presently run and 
 fetcht in their companions in the 3^ard Avith cockt pistolls. Upon 
 the bustle, while the collonell having disengag'd himselfe from those 
 that held him, Avas run after them with the sword drawne, his bro- 
 ther came out of another roome, upon whom, the souldiers press- 
 ing: against a doore that Avent into the greate hall, the doore flcAV 
 open, and about 50 or 60 men appear'd in the hall,'' avIio Avere there 
 
 '> The description of the house contained in a former note will give a just idea of 
 the position of all the parties, and of the striking scene here described.
 
 355 
 
 upon another businessc. For Owthorpe, Kisholton, and Hicklin, 
 had a contest about a cripple that was sent from one to the other, 
 but at last, out of some respect they had for the collonell, the 
 chiefe men of the severall townes were come to him, to make some 
 accommodation, till the law should be againe in force. When 
 the collonell heard the souldiers were come, he left them shut 
 up in his greate hall, who by accident thus appearing, putt the 
 souldiers into a dreadful fright. When the collonell saw how 
 pale they look'd, he encourag'd them to take heart, and calmly 
 admonisht them of their insolence, and they being chang'd and 
 very humble through their feare, he call'd for wine for them, 
 and sent them away. To the most insolent of them he sayd, 
 " These carriages Av^ould bring back the Stewarts." The man, lay- 
 ing his hand upon his sword, sayd, " Never while he wore that." 
 Among other things they sayd to the collonell, when he de- 
 manded by what authority they came, they shew'd their swords, 
 and sayd, " That was their authority." After they were dismist the 
 collonell, not willing to appeare because he was sheritFe of the 
 county, and had many of their papers sent him to publish, con- 
 ceal'd himselfe in his house, and caus'd his wife to write a letter to 
 Fleetewood and complaine of the affronts had bene offer'd him, 
 and to tell him that he was thereupon retir'd, till he could dwell 
 safely at home.' To this Flee te wood return d a eivill answer, and 
 
 ' Probably this circumstance of Col. Hutchinson concealing himself in his own 
 house came at that time to be known at Nottingham, and gave rise to a tradition 
 which is to be found in Throsby's edition of Tlioroton, that he concealed himself in 
 this manner after the restoration, but was taken in his return from church; both of 
 which were untrue, as probably were some other tales, resembling the legends of 
 romance, which the Editor heard of him at Owthorpe. But that there was an apart- 
 ment so adapted for concealment, securit_v, and convenience, as that he might have 
 made a long residence in it without being discovered, the Editor had ocular demon- 
 stration.
 
 356 
 
 withall sent a protection, to forbidd all souldlcrs from coming to his 
 house, and a command to Swallow, who was the collonell of these 
 men, to examine and punish them. Mre. Hutchinson had sent be- 
 fore to Swallow, who then quarter'd at Leicester, the next day after 
 it was done, to informe him, who sent a letter utterly disowning 
 their actions, and promising to punish them. This Mrs. Hutchin- 
 son sent to shew the souldiers that lay then abusing the country at 
 Colson; but when they saw their officer's letter they laught at him, 
 and tore it in pieces. Some dayes after he, in a civil manner, sent 
 a captaine with them and other souldiers to Owthorpe, to enquire 
 of their misdemeanors before their faces ; which being confirmed to 
 him, and he beginning to rebuke them, they sett him at light, even 
 before Mrs. Hutchinson's face, and made the poore man retire 
 sneap'd to his collonell, while these six rogues, in one weeke's space, 
 besides the assessments assign'd tliem to gather up, within the cora- 
 passe of five miles, tooke away violently from the country, for their 
 owne expence, above fi\ e-and-twenty pounds. Notwithstanding all 
 this pretended civillity, Fleetewood and his councellors were afrayd 
 of the collonell, and the protection was but sent to draw him thither, 
 that they might by that means get him into their custody. But he, 
 having intimation of it, withdrew, while men and arms were pre- 
 paring, that he might appeare publickly in the defence of the 
 country, when he Avas strong enough to drive out the souldiers that 
 were left in these parts. Three hundred of them were one night 
 drawne out of Nottingham to come to Owethorpe for him, but 
 some of the party gave him notice, who was then at home, and im- 
 mediately went out of the house. Neither wanted they their spies, 
 who gave them notice that he was gone againe, so that they turn'd 
 of upon the wolds and went to Hickling, and the next day Maior 
 Grove their commander sent to Mrs. Hutchinson to desire permis- 
 sion for himsclfe only to come downe, which she gave, and so with 
 only five or six of his party he came. With him Mrs. Hutchinson
 
 • - 357 
 
 so easily dealt that, after she had represented the state of things to 
 him, he began to apologize that he had only taken tliis coniniaud 
 upon him to preserve the country, and should be ready Lo submit 
 to any laAvfull authority; and he and his men were not couie tor 
 any other intent but to prevent disturbance of the peace and gather- 
 ings together of men, who, they were inform'd, intended lo rise in 
 these parts. Mrs. Hutchinson smiling, told him it was necessary for 
 him to keepe a good guard, for all the whole country would shortly 
 be weafy of their yoake, and, no question, find some authority to 
 shelter them. Att last he came to that, as to desire her to let the 
 collonell know he intended him no mischiefe, but he and all his 
 men should be att her command to defend her from the insolencies 
 of any others. She heard him without faith, for she knew the good 
 will they pretended to her husband proceeded only from their feare. 
 It is true that att that time the collonell had raett with Coll. Hacker, 
 and severall other gentlemen of Northampton and Warwickshire, 
 and at the same time Maior Beque was to have reduc'd Coventry, 
 and another collonell Warwick-castle. Two regiments of horse 
 should have marcht to a place within seven miles of Coll. Plutchin- 
 son's horse, where liis men should have rendezvouz'd, and the towne 
 of Nottingham at the same time have seiz'd all the souldiers there, 
 and they of Leicester the like. These people had, through the spies 
 that were about the collonell, gotten some little inclin of his ren- 
 devouz, but not right, neither could they have prevented it, had 
 ' there bene need.' But iust before it should have bene putt in exe- 
 
 ' Perhaps this pilsis was the most favourable to the cause of liberty of any that ^^ 
 had occurred; for the genuine assertors of it would, at this moment, have found all - ^ - — 
 the different factions weakened, and the body of the nation so tired of tumult and 
 anarchy, that, had they now stood forth in any force, the voice of reason would in all 
 probability have prevailed. But the fluctuations of power and party were at this time 
 so frequent and sudden as hardly to leave sufficient interval for any cnterprize that 
 required combination. ^ / ' ^- ., 
 
 ' I,
 
 358 
 
 cution the parliament were restor'd to their seates, Lambert was 
 deserted by his men and fled, and Monke was marching on soutii- 
 wards, pretending to restore and confirmc the parliament; insomuch 
 that Coll. Hutchinson, instead of raysing his country, was call'd up 
 to his seate in parliament. Here there were so many favourers of 
 Lambert, Fleetewood, and their partakers, that the collonell, Avho 
 used to be very silent, could not now forbeare high opposition of 
 ihem; in whose favour things Averc carried with such a streame, that 
 the collonell then began to loose all hopes of settling this poore 
 land on any righteous foundation. 
 
 It was the 26'" of December 1659 that the parliament mett 
 againe. The manner of it, and the contest and treaty in the north 
 betweenc Monke and Lambert, are too well known to be repeated ; 
 the dissimulations and false protestations that Monke made are too 
 publick: yett did the collonell and others suspect him, but knew 
 not how to hinder him; for this insolent usurpation of Lambert's 
 had so turn'd the hearts of all men, that the whole nation began to 
 sett their eies upon the king beyond the sea, and thinke a bad set- 
 tlement under him better then none at all, but still to be under the 
 arbitrary power of such proud rebells as Lambert. The whole 
 house was devided into miserable factions, among whom some 
 Avould then violently have sett up an oath of renunliation of the 
 king and his famely. The collonell, thinking it a ridiculous thing 
 to swear e out a man, when they had no power to defend themselves 
 against him, vehemently oppos'd that oath, and carried it against 
 Sr. Ar. Heslerig and others, who as violently press'd it; urging very 
 truly that those oaths that had bene formerly impos'd had but mul- 
 tiplied the sins of the nation by periuries; instancing how Sr. Ar. 
 and others, in Oliver's time, comming into the house, swore at their 
 entrance they would attempt nothing in the change of that govern- 
 ment, which, assoone as ever they were enter'd, they labour'd to 
 throw downe. Many other arguments he us'd, whereupon many
 
 359 
 
 honest men, who thought till then he had foUow'd a faction in all 
 things, and not his owne iudgement, begun to meete often with him, 
 and to consult what to doe in these difficulties, out of which their 
 prudence and honesty had found a way to extricate themselves, but 
 that the period of our prosperity was come; hasten'd on partly by 
 the mad rash violence of some that, without strength, oppos'd the 
 tide of the discontented tumultuous people, partly by the detest- 
 able treachery of those who had sold themselves to doe mischicfe; 
 but chiefely by the generall streame of the people, who were as 
 eaoer for their owne destruction as the Israelites of old for their 
 quailes.' 
 
 One observation of the collonell I cannot omitt, that the se- 
 cluded members Avhom Monke brought in were, many of them, so 
 brought over to a commonwealth that, if Sr. Ar. Heslerig and his 
 party had not forsaken their places because they Avould not sitt 
 Avith them, they had made the stronger party in the house, which 
 by reason of their going off were after in all things outvoted." 
 
 Sr. Anthony Ashley Cooper at that time insinuated himselfe into 
 a particular friendship with the collonell, and made him all the 
 
 ' A frank acknowledgment that the independent parliament, however good the 
 intentions of many of them might be, had become unpopular: but with the general 
 mass of mankind the escape from any present evil is paramount to all future considera- 
 tions. Perhaps this reflux of the public mind was the most effectual cause of the 
 counter revolution, without which Monk might have plotted in vain. — And thus per- 
 haps in this, as in so many other instances, Mrs. Hutchinson's natural and rational 
 way of tracing and unfolding the causes of great events will be found to bring us much 
 nearer the truth than all the subtleties employed by others! 
 
 " We do not know this circumstance to have been noticed by any other historian ; 
 but it appears much more probable than that the secluded members should have 
 been unanimous, and that in measures of such transcendent import as were now to 
 be decided upon. For this secession Whitelock blames and Ludlow commends Sir 
 Arthur Haselrigge and his friends: their total ruin, which ensued, decides the ques- 
 tion. 
 
 3 C
 
 360 
 
 honorable pretences that can bo imagin'd; call'd him his dearc 
 friend, and caress'd him with such eml^races as none but a trajtor 
 as vile as himselfe could have suspected; yett was he the most inti- 
 mate of Monke's confidents: whereupon some few dayes before the 
 rising of that house, when it began to be too apparent Avhich Avay 
 Monke enclin'd, the collonell, upon the confidence of his friend- 
 ship, entreated him to tell him what were Monke's intentions, that 
 he and others might consider their safety, who were likely to be 
 given up as a publick sacrifice. Cooper denied to the death any 
 intention besides a commonwealth; " but," sayd he, with the greatest 
 semblance of reallity that can be putt on, " if the violence of the 
 " people should bring the king upon us, let me be damn'd, body 
 " and soule, if ever I see a haire of any man's head toucht, or a 
 " pennie of any man's estate, upon this quarrell." This he backt 
 with so many and so deep protestations of that kinde, as made the 
 collonell, after his treachery was apparent, detest him of all man- 
 kind, and think himselfe oblieged, if ever he had oppertunity, to 
 procure exemplary iustice on him, who was so vile a wretch as 
 himselfe to sitt and sentence some of those that died. And although 
 this man ioyn'd with those who labour'd the collonell's particular 
 deliverance, yet the coHonell, to his dying day, abhorr'd the men- 
 tion of his name, and held him for a more execrable traytor than 
 Monke himselfe. Att this time the collonell, as before, was by 
 many of his friends attempted every way to fall in with the king's 
 interest, and often oft'er'd both pardon and preferment, if he could 
 be wrought off from his party, whose danger was now lay'd before 
 him: but they could no way moove him." A gentleman that had 
 
 * It was hard upon him, after this, to be accused by Ludlow of treachery and con- 
 nivance with the king's friends; but Ludlow was at this time engaged in a different 
 party, perhaps envious of him for escaping with impunity, when himself despaired of 
 doing so, and went into voluntary exile : and besides Sir A. Ashley Cooper may have
 
 361 
 
 bene employ'd to tamper with liim told me, that he found him so 
 unmooveable, that one time he and a certeine lord being in tlie col- 
 lonell's company, and having begun their vaine insinuations, he, to 
 decline them, seeing Cooper, went away with him; upon Avhich this 
 lord, that had some tendernesse for the collonell : " Well," sayd he, 
 to this gentleman, " the collonell is a ruiu'd man, he believes that 
 " tray tor, which will ruine him." AVhcn they could not worke into 
 him one way, some, that were most kindly concerned in him, per- 
 swaded him to absent himselfe and not act for the parliament, and 
 undertooke with their lives to secure him, but he \Vould not. He 
 foresaw the mischiefe, and resolv'd to stay in his duty, waiting upon 
 God, who accordingly was good to him. Some, when they saw 
 Monke had betrey'd them, would have fallen in with Lambert, but 
 the collonell thought any destruction was to be chosen before the 
 sin of ioyning with such a wretch.'' 
 
 stipulated for Col. Hutchinson's indemnity gratuitousli/ \ while most people suppose 
 that some conditions were imposed. His moderation in a time of phrenzy was surely 
 a sufficient argument, and was probably that which Cooper used in support of the man 
 whom he was forced to esteem, though he did not choose to imitate him. 
 
 y This was the point whereupon the heads of the republican party divided, but 
 probably at tliis day the warmest friends of the liberties of the people will think that 
 it was better to return to a monarchy, though not sufficiently limited and defined, 
 than to fall under a stratocracy, or government of the army, which this would have 
 been more completely than even that which existed under Cromwell: indeed it is not 
 easy to see which way it would have differed from that of Algiers. Accordingly we 
 do not find Mrs. Hutchinson ever to have repined that the king had been restored in 
 preference to the establishing of such a power; but there were many other modes 
 which might have been adopted, without flying to either of these extremes, had not 
 their passions overpowered the reason of some of the great men of that day. The 
 most obvious method for obtaining a better settlement was that proposed by White- 
 , lock to Fleetwood, of an offer of their services to the king upon reasonable condi- 
 tions: this opportunity was lost by hesitation, and an easy triumph left to Monk, 
 whose determined conduct gave efficacy to the small force he possessed.
 
 362 
 
 Now was that glorious parliament come to a period, not more 
 fatall to itselfe then to the three nations, whose sunne of liberty then 
 sett, and all their glorie gave place to the fowlest mists that ever 
 overspread a miserable people/ A new parliament was to be 
 chosen, and the county of Nottingham yett had such respect for 
 Coll. Hutchinson, that they fixt their eies on him to be their knight, 
 but Mr. William Pierrepont having a greate desire to bring in his 
 sonne-in-laAv, the Lord Haughton, to be his fellow knight, the 
 collonell Avould not come into the towne 'till the election was past ; 
 which if he had, he had bene chosen without desiring it, ^r many 
 people came, and when they saw he would not stand, returned and 
 voted for none, among whom were fifty freeholders of the towne of 
 Newark. 
 
 Sometime before the writts for the new elections came, the towne 
 of Nottingham, as almost all the rest of the island, began to grow 
 mad, and declare themselves so, in their desires of the king. The 
 
 ' If the change in politics was great, the change in morals was much greater: sta- 
 tutes have since retrieved the errors committed in the former; it is doubtful whether 
 the national character in taste and morals has ever freed itself from the taint it then 
 received. 
 
 Under the patronage and example of the king, wit put decency to flight; religion 
 and patriotism, veneration of God and the love of our country, the two noblest affec- 
 tions of the mind, were dragged through the mire of doggrel rhimes, under the pre- 
 tence of deriding hypocrisy; under the notion of gaiety and goodfellowship, profligacy 
 and sensualitj' gained a footing which they have never quitted, but still maintain their 
 ground, by the dangerous secret then taught them of reducing all by invidious surmises 
 and unjust depreciations nearly to the level of their own baseness. 
 
 The plays and other writings of those days arc tinctured with an air of rakishness 
 which often appears affected and misplaced; it was the polite ridicule of the Spec- 
 tators which put this folly out of countenance and practice. Some modern wits have 
 attempted to revive it, and but for the general turn to philosophical enquiry they would 
 probably succeed. Those who reason cannot but see that shameless depravity is a very 
 bad substitute for even simulated virtue.
 
 SG3 
 
 The boys, sett on by their fathers and masters, gott druinnies and 
 colours, and marclit up and downe the towne, and train'd them- 
 selves in a millitary posture, and otfer'd many aftronts to the soul- 
 diers of the armie, that were quarter'd there, which were two 
 troopes of Coll. Hacker's regiment. Insomuch that one night there 
 were about forty of the souldieis hurt and wounded with stones, 
 upon the occasion of taking away the drummes, when the youths 
 were gathering together to make bonfires to burn the rump," as the 
 custom^f those mad dayes was. The souldiers provok'd to rage, 
 shott againe, and kill'd in the scuffle two presbiterians, whereof one 
 was an elder, and an old professor ; and one that had bene a greate 
 zealott for the cause, and master of the magazine of Nottingham 
 castle. He was only standing at his owne doore, and whether by 
 chance, or on purpose shott, or by Avhom, it is not certeine; but 
 true it is, that at that time, the presbiterians Avere more inveterately 
 bitter against the fanatiques then even the cavaliers themselves, and 
 they sett on these boyes. But upon the killing of this man they 
 were hugely enrag'd, and pray'd very seditiously in their pulpitis, 
 and began openly to desire the king ; not for good will neither to 
 him, but for destruction to all the fanatiques. One of the ministers 
 who were greate leaders of the people, had bene engag'd firmly in 
 Booth's rebellion, and very many of the godly led in, who, by the 
 timely suppression of those who began the insurrection in Notting- 
 ham, Avere prevented from declaring themselves openly. Coll. 
 Hutchinson Avas as mercifull as he could safely be, in not setting on 
 too strict inquisition ; but privately admonishing such as Avere not 
 past hopes of becoming good commouAvealth's men, if it Avere pos- 
 
 • The number of the members of the long parliament having been by seclusion, 
 death, &c. very much reduced, the remainder was compared to the rump of a fowl 
 which was left, all the rest being eaten; and this coarse emblem was burnt in derision 
 by the mob, to hail and flatter the rising power of the cavaliers.
 
 364 
 
 sible that the labouring state might outUve the present storme. 
 Upon this bustle in the towne of Nottingham, the souldiers Avere 
 horribly incens'd, and the townsmen ready to take part with the 
 boyes ; whereupon the souldiers drew into the meadowes neere the 
 towne, and sent for the regiment, resolving to execute their vengeance 
 on the towne, and the townsmen againe Avere mustering to encounter 
 them. Mrs. Hutchinson by chance comming to the towne, and 
 being acquainted with the captaines, perswaded them to doe no- 
 thing in a tumultuary way, however provok'd, but to complaine to 
 the generall, and lett him decide the businesse. 
 
 The men, att her entreaty, were content so to doe, the towns- 
 men alsoe consenting to restreine their children and servants, and 
 keepe the publick peace ; while it was agreed, that both of them 
 should send up together a true information to the generall, concern- 
 ing the late quarrell. But one of the officers, more enrag'd then the 
 rest, went immediately away to Monke, and complain'd to him of 
 the mallice of the presbiterian and cavalier, against the souldiers. 
 He, without asking more on the other side, signed a Avarrant to Coll. 
 Hacker, to lett loose the fury of his regiment upon the towne, and 
 plunder all they iudg'd guilty ; Avith Avhich the officer immediately 
 went aAvay. Coll. Hutchinson being at that time at the generall's 
 lodging, my Lord Howard told him Avhat order against the toAvne of 
 Nottingham had iust bene sent downe. The collonell, Avho had 
 bene by his wife informed of the disorders there, went to the gene- 
 rall, and prevail'd Avith him for a countermand of all hostillity 
 against the towne, till he should heare and determine the businesse; 
 which countermand the collonell sent immediately by one of tlie 
 townsmen, Avho, though he ridd post, came not till Coll. Hacker, 
 with all his regiment, Avere come into the toAvne before him, and 
 the souldiers Avere in some of the houses beginning to rifle them. 
 Wherefore the countermand comming so seasonably from Coll. 
 Hutchinson, they could not but look upon him as their deliverer ;
 
 365 
 
 and this being done very few days before die election for the next 
 parhament, when the collonell came to towne and had waved the 
 count3% they generally pitch'd upon him for the towne. But then 
 Dr. Plumtre labour'd all he could to get the burgess-ship for hini- 
 selfe, and to put by the collonell, with the basest scandalls he and 
 two or three of his associates could rayse. Mr. Arthur Stanhope, in 
 whose house the souldiers were enter'd to plunder, being pitcht 
 upon for the other burgesse, and having a greate party in the towne, 
 was dealt with to desert the collonell, and offer'd all Plumtre's party; 
 but on the other side, he labour'd more for the collonell then for 
 himselfe, and at length, when the election day came, Mr. Stanhope 
 and the collonell were clearly chosen." 
 
 The collonell and Mr. Stanhope went up to the parliament, 
 which began on the 25th day of April!, 166O; to whom the king 
 sending a declaration from Breda, which promis'il, or at least inti- 
 mated, liberty of conscience, remission of all offences, enioyment of 
 liberties and estates; they voted to send commissioners to invite 
 him." And allmost all the gentry of all parties went, some to fetch 
 him over, some to meete him att the sea-side, some to fetch him 
 
 •" Both Whitelock and Ludlow assure us, that there were great solicitations in all 
 parts to get to be parliament men ; and Rapin says, that almost all the elections were 
 in favour of the presbyterians and royalists, peculiarly the former. This circumstance 
 renders Coll. Hutchinson's popularity and personal merit so much the more con- 
 spicuous. 
 
 ■^ That the parliament, and this, as Rapin calls it, a presbyterian parliament, 
 should thus simply and unconditionally have invited the king, has always been matter 
 of astonishment; the first to find out the error into which their precipitancy had led 
 them were the royalists, and of them the best, the Earl of Southampton, who by 
 Burnet, p. 89, is said to have laid the chief blame on Chancellor Hyde. But was it 
 not equally in the power of the parliament after the king's arrival to have imposed any 
 reasonable conditions, at least before they established for him such an income as to 
 render him independent ?
 
 see 
 
 into London, into which he enter'd on the 29lh day of May, with 
 an universal! ioy and triumph, even to his owne amazement ; who, 
 when he saw all the nobillity and gentry of the land flowing in to 
 him, askt where were his enemies ? For he saw nothing but pro- 
 strates, expressing all the love that could make a prince happie. 
 Indeed it Avas a wonder in that day to see the mutabillity of some, 
 and the hipocrisie of others, and the servile flattery of all. Monke, 
 like his better genius, conducted him, and was ador'd like one that 
 had brought all the glory and felicity of mankind home with this 
 prince. 
 
 The officers of the armie had made themselves as fine as the 
 courtiers, and every one hoped in this change to change their con- 
 dition, and disown'd all things they before had advis'd. Every ballad 
 singer sung up and downe the streetes ribald rymes, made in re- 
 proach of the late commonwealth, and all those Avorthies that 
 therein endeavour'd the people's freedome and happinesse. 
 
 The "^ presbiterians were now the white-boyes, and according to 
 their nature fell a thirsting, then hunting after blood, urging that 
 God's blessing could not be upon the land, till iustice had cleans'd 
 it from the late king's blood. First that fact was disown'd, then all 
 the acts made after it rendered void, then an inquisition made after 
 those that were guilty thereof, but only seven nominated of them 
 that sate in iudgment on that prince, for exemplary iustice, and a 
 
 '' It has been pretty generally reported and believed of the king, that he was more 
 inclined to confirm and augment than disturb or diminish the extent of the amnesty 
 he had proffered at Breda ; and there are upon record very honourable instances of 
 many of the royalists exhibiting a spirit of forgiveness and reconciliation: perhaps the 
 most rational way of accounting for the chief of the presbyterian part}' shewing rigour, 
 is to suppose that they did it in order to remove from themselves the odium of those 
 violences of which they had been the original and remote cause, and cast it on those 
 who were the immediate and proximate one. Be the cause or reasoning what it may, 
 the fact is well established by the trials of the regicides.
 
 367 
 
 proclamation sent for the rest to come in, upon penalty of loosing 
 their estates. 
 
 While these things were debating in the house, at the first, divers 
 persons, concerned in that businesse, sate there, and when the busi- 
 nesse came into question, every one of them spoke to it, according 
 to their present sence. But Mr. Lenthall, sonne to the late speaker 
 of that parliament, when the presbiterians first call'd that businesse 
 into question, though not at all concern'd in it himselfe, stood up 
 and made so handsome and honorable a speech in defence of them 
 all, as deserves eternal honor. But the presbiterians call'd him to 
 the barre for it, where, though he mittigated some expressions, 
 which might be ill taken of the house, yet he spoke so generously, 
 as it is never to be forgotten of him. Herein he behav'd himselfe 
 with so much courage and honor as was not matcht at that time in 
 England, for which he was look'd on with an evil eie, and, upon a 
 pretence of treason, put in prison ; from whence his father's mony, 
 and the lieutenant of the tower's iealousie deliver'd him. When it 
 came to Inglesbies turne, he, with many teares, profest his repen- 
 tance for that murther, and told a false tale, how Cromwell held his 
 hand, and forc'd him to subscribe the sentence, and made a most 
 whining recantation, after which he retir'd, and another had almost 
 ended, when Coll. Hutchinson, who was not there at the beginning, 
 came in, and was told what they were about, and that it would be 
 expected he should say something. He Avas surpriz'd with a thing 
 he expected not, yet neither then, nor in any the like occasion, did 
 he ever faile himselfe, but told them, " That for his actings in those 
 " dayes, if he had err'd, it was the inexperience of his age, and the 
 " defect of his iudgement, and not the mallice of his heart, which 
 " had ever prompted him to persue the generall advantage of his 
 *' country more then his owne ; and if the sacrifice of him might 
 " conduce to the publick peace and settlement, he should freely 
 " submit his life and fortunes to their dispose : that the vain ex- 
 
 3 D
 
 *' pence of his age, and the gveate debts his pubhck employments 
 " had runne him into, as they Avere testimonies that neither avarice 
 " nor any other interest had carried him on, so they yielded him 
 " iust cause to repent that he ever forsooke his owne blessed quiett, 
 " to embarque in such a troubled sea, where he had made ship- 
 " wrack of all things but a good conscience; and as to that parti- 
 " cular action of the king, he desir'd them to believe he had that 
 " scnce of it, that befitted an Englishman, a christian, and a gentle- 
 " man." " What he express'd was to this eft'ect, but so very hand- 
 somely deliver'd, that it generally tooke the whole house : only one 
 gentleman stood up and say'd, he had express'd himselfe as one that 
 was much more sorrie for the events and consequences, then the 
 actions : but another replied, that when a mans words might admitt 
 of two interpretations, it befitted gentlemen allwayes to receive that 
 Avhicli mio'ht be most favourable. Assoone as the collonell had 
 spoken, he vetir'd into a roome, where Inglesbie was, with his eies 
 yett red, who had call'd up a little spirit to succeed his whinings, 
 and embracing Coll. Hutchinson, " O collonell," say'd he, " did I 
 " ever imagine wee could be brought to this ? Could I have sus- 
 " pected it, when I brought them Lambert in the other day, this 
 " sword should have rcdeem'd us from being dealt with as criminalls, 
 " by that people, for whom we had so gloriously exposed ourselves." 
 The collonell told him, he had foreseene, ever since those usurpers 
 thrust out the lawful authority of the land, to enthrone themselves, 
 it could end in nothing else ; but the integrity of his heart, in all he 
 he had done, made him as chearefully ready to suffer as to triumph 
 
 ' This speech will probably be considered as a specimen of art carried as far as a 
 man of honour would permit himself to go, and managed with as much refinement and 
 dexterity as the longest premeditation could havi; produced; accordingly it furnislied 
 his friends with a topic for his defence, without giving his adversaries grounds for re-> 
 proaching liim with tergiversation.
 
 369 
 
 in a good cause. The result of the house that day was to suspend 
 Coll. Hutchinson and the rest from sitting in the house. Monke, 
 after all his greate professions, now sate still, and had not one word 
 to interpose for any person, but was as forward to sett vengeance on 
 foot as any man. 
 
 Mrs. Hutchinson, whom to keepe quiett her husband had 
 hitherto perswaded that no man Avould loose or suffer by this 
 change, att this beginning was awakened, and saw that he was am- 
 bitious of being a publick sacrifice, and therefore, herein only in 
 her whole life, resolv'd to disobey him, and to emproove all the 
 affection he had to her for his safety, and prevail'd Avith him to re- 
 tire ; for, she say'd, she would not live to see him a prisoner. 
 With her unquiettnesse, she drove him out of her owne lodgings 
 into the custody of a friend, in order to his further retreate, if occa- 
 sion should be, and then made it her businesse to sollicite all her 
 friends for his safety. Meanwhile in the house, it was first resolv'd, 
 that mercy should be shewn to some, and exemplary iustice to 
 others ; then the number was defined, and voted it should not ex- 
 ceed seven ; then, upon the king's owne sollicitation, that his sub- 
 iects should be putt out of their feares, those seven named ; and 
 after that a proclamation sent for the rest to come in. Coll. Hutch- 
 inson not being of the number of those seven, Avas advised by all his 
 friends to surrender hmiselfe, in order to securing his estate, and he 
 Avas very earnest to doe it, Avhen Mrs. Hutchinson Avould by no 
 meanes heare of it : but being exceedingly urg'd by his friends, that 
 she Avould hereby obstinately loose all their estate, she Avould not 
 yet consent the collonell should give himsclfe into custody, and she 
 had Avrought him to a strong engagement, that he Avould not dispose 
 of himsclfe Avilhout her. Att length, being accus'd of obstinacy, in 
 not giving him up, she devis'd a Avay to trie the house, and Avritt a 
 letter in his name to the speaker, to urge Avhat might be in his favour, 
 and to lett him know, that by reason of some inconveniency it
 
 370 
 
 might be to him, he desir'd not to come under cusl-ody,. and yclt 
 should be ready to appeare att their call, and if they intended any 
 mercy to him, he begg'd they Avould beginne it in permitting. him 
 his hberly upon his paroUe, till they should finally determine of him. 
 This letter she conceiv'd would trie the temper of the house ; if they 
 granted this, she had her end, for he was still free ; if they denied 
 it, she might be satisfied in keeping him from surrendering him- 
 selfe. 
 
 Havina: contriv'd" and written this letter, before she carried it to 
 the collonell, a friend came to her out of the house, jieere which her 
 lodoings then were, and told her that if diey had but any ground to 
 beo-in, the house was that day in a most excellent temper towards 
 her husband ; whereupon she writt her husband's name to the letter, 
 and ventur'd to send it in, being us'd sometimes to write the letters 
 he dictated, and her character not much differing from his. These 
 Gentlemen who were raoov'd to trie this opertunity, were not of the 
 friends she relied on ; but God, to shew that it was he, not they, 
 sent two common friends, who had so good successe that the letter 
 Avas very well receiv'd; and upon that occasion all of all parties 
 spoke so kindly and effectually for him, that he had not only what 
 he desir'd, but Avas voted to be free Avithout any engagement, and 
 his punishment only to be discharg'd from the present parliament, 
 and from all office, millitary or civill, in the state for ever; and 
 upon his petition of thankes for this, his estate alsoe Avas voted to be 
 free from all mulcts and confiscations. Many providentiall circum- 
 stances concurr'd in this thing. That Avhich put the house into so 
 good a humour toAvards the collonell that day, Avas, that having 
 taken the businesse of the king's triall into consideration, certeine 
 committees Avere found to be appoynted, to order the preparation 
 of the court, the chaires and cushions, and other formallities, 
 Avherein Coll. Hutchinson had nothing to doe ; but Avhen they had 
 past their votes for his absolute discharge and came to the sitting of
 
 0'7 1 
 
 the court, he was found not to have bene one clay away. A rogue 
 that had bene one of their clearkes had brought in ail these informa- 
 tions ; and above all, poore Mrs. Hacker, thinking to save her hus- 
 band, had brouglit up the warrant foi* execution, with all their 
 hands and scales. '^ 
 
 Sr. Allen Apsley loo, who, with all the kindest zcale of friendship 
 that can be imagin'd, endcavour'd to bring of the collonell, us'd some 
 artifice in engaging friends for him. There was a young gentleman, a 
 kinsman of his, who thirstily aspir'd after preferruient, and Sr. Allen 
 had given him hopes, upon his eifcctuall endeavours for the collonell, 
 to introduce him, who being a person that had understanding enough, 
 made no conscience of truth, when an officious lie might serve his 
 turne. This man, although heow'd his life to the collonell, and had 
 a thousand obligations to Mrs. Hutchinson's parents, yet not for their 
 sakes, nor for vertue, nor for gratitude, but for his owne hopes, which 
 he had of Sr. Allen Apsley, told some of the leading men among the 
 court party, that it was the king's desire to ha\e favour shewne to 
 the collonell; whereujjon Mr. Palmer, since Castlemaine, was the 
 first man that spoke for the collonell, whom Finch most eloquently 
 seconded. Then Sr. George Booth and his party all appear'd for 
 the collonell, in gratitude for his civillity to them. For when the 
 parliament had past by the rebellion of Lambert and Fleetewood, 
 and those who ioyn'd with them, and would not make their oifences 
 capitall, he had told the house, they could not without greate par- 
 tiallity punish these, and had moov'd much in their favour. Mr. 
 
 ' To those who have not read or not remembered the trials of the regicides, it may 
 be useful to remark, that Col. Hacker was tried for superintending the execution of 
 the king in his military capacity, for which it seems this warrant was expected to 
 prove a sufficient justification : and perhaps it ought to have been so considered : but 
 it is extraordinary that his wife, before she gave up an instrument which seemed so 
 precious to those who were seeking revenge, had not stipulated for her husband's 
 pardon.
 
 372 
 
 Pierrepont, and all the old sage parliament men, out of very heartie 
 kindnesse, spoke and labour'd very effectually to bring him cleare 
 of; and there was not at that day any man that receiv'd a more 
 generall testimony of love and good esteeme of all parties then he 
 did, not one of the most violent hunters of blood opposing favour, 
 and divers most worthy persons giving a true and honourable lesti- 
 mony of him. Although they knew his principles contrary to theirs, 
 yet they so iustified his cleare and upright carriage, according to his 
 owne perswasion, as was a record much advancing his honor, and 
 such as no man else in that day receiv'd.^ 
 
 Yett though he very well deserv'd it, I cannot so much attribute 
 that universall concurrence that was in the whole house to expresse 
 esteeme of him and desire to save him, to their iustice and gratilude, 
 as to an over-ruling power of him that orders all men's hearts, who 
 was then pleas'd to reserve his servant, even by the good and true 
 testimony of some that afterwards hated him and sought his mine, 
 for the perseverance in that goodnesse, Avhich then forc'd them to be 
 his advocates; for even the worst and basest men have a secrett con- 
 viction of worth and virtue, Avhich they never dare to persecute in 
 its owne name. The collonell being thus discharg'd the house, 
 retir'd to a remoter lodging from Westminster, and lay very private 
 in the towne, not comming into any companie of one sort or other, 
 waiting till the act of oblivion were perfected, to goe downe againe 
 into the countrie ; but when the act came to be past in the house, 
 then the Lord Lexington sett divers friends on worke in the com- 
 mon's house to get a proviso inserted, that the Newarker's mony, 
 which he pay'd into the committee of Haberdasher's Hall, and was 
 by that committee pay'd to the collonell for his pay, might, with all 
 
 s Mr. Lassells (probably Lascelles) enjoyed exactly a similar exemption, the pe- 
 culiar reasons for it arc not accurately known, but it is natural to suppose they were 
 similar.
 
 373 
 
 the use of it, be pay'd out of the collonell's estate. He forg'd many 
 false pretences to obteinc this ; but it was reiected in the common's 
 house, and the bill going up to the lords, was past without any 
 proviso's. Only the gentlemen that Avere the late king's iudges, and 
 decoy 'd to surrender themselves to "custody by the House's procla- 
 mation, after that they had voted only seven to suffer, were now 
 given up to a triall, both for their lives and estates, and put in to 
 close prison, where they were miserably kept, brought shortly after 
 to triall, condemn'd, all their estates confiscated and taken aAvay, 
 themselves kept in miserable bondage under that inhumane bloody 
 iaylor the lieftenant of the Tower, who stifled some of them to death 
 for want of ayre ; and when they had not one pcnnie, but what was 
 given them to feed themselves and their famelies, exacted abo- 
 minable rates for bare unfurnisht prisons ; of some forty pounds for 
 one miserable chamber, of others double, besides undue and uniust 
 fees, which their poore wives were forc'd to beg and engage their 
 iointures and make miserable shifts for; and yet this rogue had all 
 this while three pounds a weeke pay'd out of the checquer for every 
 one of them. At last when this would not kill them fast enough, 
 and when some almes were thus privately stollen in to them, they 
 were sent away to remote and dismall islands, where reliefe could 
 not reach them, nor any of their relations take care of them : in this 
 a thousand times more miserable then those that died, who were 
 thereby prevented from the eternall infamie and remorse, which 
 hope of life and estate made these poore men bring upon them- 
 selves, by base and false recantations of their owne iudgcmcnt, 
 against their consciences ; which they wounded for no advantage, 
 but liv'd ever after in misery themselves, augmented by seing the 
 misery of their wretched famelies, and in the daily apprehension of 
 death, which, without any more forniallity, they are to expect 
 whenever the tyrant gives the word. And these are the tender
 
 374 
 
 MERCIES of the wicked!'' Among which I cannot forgett one pass- 
 ao-e that I saw. Monke and his wife, before they were moov'd to 
 the Tower, while they were yett prisoners at Lambeth House, came 
 one evening to the garden and caused them to be brought downe, 
 only to stare at them. Which was such a barbarisme, for that man, 
 who had betre^^'d so many poore men to death and misery that 
 never hurt him, but had honor'd him, and trusted their lives and 
 interests with him, to glutt his bloody eies with beholding them in 
 their bondage, as no story can parallel the inhumanity of. 
 
 Coll. Scroope, who had bene clear'd by vote as the collonell was, 
 was afterwards raced out for nothing, and had the honour to die a 
 noble martyr. 
 
 Although the collonell was clear'd both for life and estate in the 
 house of commons, yet he not answering the court expectations in 
 publick recantations and dissembled repentance, and applause of 
 their cruelty to his fellows, the chancellor was cruelly exasperated 
 against him, and there were very high endeavours to have rac'd him 
 
 '■ Almost all who have written any account of the transactions of those days shew 
 a desire to gratify the faction which then prevailed, and have endeavoured to establish 
 a notion that great lenity was shewn to all the regicides who were not of the seven ex- 
 cepted: what it was we here learn. 
 
 The English nation have long dwelt on the hackneyed theme of French oppression, 
 lettres de cachet, bastilles, &c. and have affected an ignorance of what has passed 
 here, in full sight of a British parliament. Those who have viewed the matter near at 
 hand know very well that these superlative powers were not at all more dangerous, nor 
 so much abused in France as here, nor the treatment near so rigorous. The prisons of 
 state were there always under the command of noblemen and military officers, who 
 were little likely to practise the jailor's arts. The more any office is despised, the 
 more vile hands will it fall into, and the more atrociously wdl it be executed ; this 
 reasoning sufficiently establishes the necessity of watching with a jealous eye the con- 
 duct of these ministers of justice, if such they should be called, in a country like this. 
 A more desolating picture of misery long drawn out can hardly be imagined. We 
 shall again have to notice the conduct of this lieutenant of the Tower.
 
 375 
 
 out of the act of oblivion. But then Sr. Allen Apsley sollicited all 
 his friends, as it had bene for his owne life, and divers honorable 
 persons drew up a certificate, Avith all the advantage they could, to 
 procure him favour; who in all things that were not against the in- 
 terest of the state had ever pittied and protected them in their dis- 
 tresses.' The Countesse of Rochester writt a very effectuall letter to 
 the Earl of Manchester, making her request that the favour to him 
 might be confirm'd as an obligation to her, to quitt some that she, 
 and as she suppos'd her lord had receiv'd from him. This letter was 
 read in the house, and Sr. Allen Apsley 's candidate for preferre- 
 ment againe made no conscience of deceiving several lords, that the 
 preserving of the collonell would be acceptable to the king and the 
 chancellor, who he now knew hated his life. Many lords alsoe of 
 the collonell's relations and acquaintance out of kindnesse and grati- 
 tude, (for there was not one of them whom he had not in his day 
 more or lesse oblicg'd), us'd very hearty endeavours for him. Yett 
 Sr. Allen Apsley 's interest and most fervent endeavours for him, was 
 that which only turn'd the scales, and the collonell was not ex- 
 cepted in the act of oblivion to aniething but offices. 
 
 The provisoes to the act of oblivion were all cut of, and it was 
 detcrmin'd that those things should passe in particular acts; when 
 the Lord Lexington gott one for that Newark mony to be repay 'd 
 out of the collonell's estate, with all the interest for 14 yeares. 
 This act was committed, and the collonell had councell to plead 
 
 ■ The Countess of Rochester was the wife of Wilmot, general of the horse for the 
 king, who upon disgust quitted his service, and, receiving a passport, went abroad ; 
 his wife expressed loyalty to, and received much favour from the parliament, as 
 Whitelock informs us ; very likely by the procurement of Col. Hutchinson. Tlie 
 passage before us (and many other such like) may serve as a useful memento to those 
 who are engaged in civil broils, to maintain all they can of private kindness, con- 
 sistently with what they think tlieir public duty. For the honour of human nature let 
 due notice be taken of the steady friendship of Sr.^ Allen Apsley. 
 
 3 E
 
 against it, and the Marquesse Dorchester ' having the chayre, was 
 wonderfull civill to the collonell. The adverse councell having bene 
 men that practis'd under the parhament, thought they could no way 
 ingratiate themselves so well as by making invectives against those 
 they formerly claw'd with, and when quite besides their matter, they 
 fell into raylings against the iniustice of the former times and scan- 
 dalls of the collonell, the marquesse check'd them severely, and 
 bade them mind their cause: but Mr. Finch, one of the collonell's 
 councell, after a lawyer had made a long rayling speech, which 
 held them a tedious while, he replying; " My lord," sayd he, " this 
 " gentleman hath taken up a greate deale of time to tell your lord- 
 " ship how uniust that parliament was, how their committees per- 
 " verted iudgment and right, wdiich he setts forth with all his power 
 " of language to make them odious, and in conclusion would per- 
 " suade your lordship therefore to doe the same things/' After the 
 hearing at the committee, a report was made so favourable for the 
 collonell that the bill was cast aside, and the house being then ready 
 to adiourne, most of the collonell's friends went out of towne, which 
 opertunity Lexington taking notice of, the very last day in a huddle 
 gott the bill past the lords' house." 
 
 ' The same whom, when Viscount Newark, Col. Hutchinson rescued frOm the vio- 
 lence of the countrymen at Nottingham; to whom afterwards the colonel made, at the 
 request of her friends, the offer of the hand and fortune of Lady Anne Somerset, and 
 who so handsomely now evinces his candour and gratitude. His character is well 
 contrasted with that of Lord Lexington, who in the first place obtained a peerage for 
 the sacrifice of this very money ; next refused payment of it to the Newarkers, of 
 whom he had borrowed it; then, upon being compelled to pay it, procured easy terms 
 by the colonel's interference; and now attempts to plunder his benefactor of the 
 whole ! 
 
 * The practice of parliament at that time must have differed from what it now is, 
 for such a bill to originate in the house of lords: we shall presently see it miscairy in 
 the commons. 
 
 *
 
 377 
 
 Then the colloncll went downe into the country, and found it 
 necessary to reduce and change his tamely, which were many of 
 them people he tooke in for charity, when they could no where elce 
 be recciv'd, and they had bene more humble and dutiful! while 
 they were under hatches, but now might find better preferrments, 
 and were not to be confided in; yett he dismist not any of them 
 without boimtifull rewards, and such kind dismissions as none but 
 that false generation would not have bene oblieged by. But some 
 of them soone after betrey'd him as much as was in their power, 
 whose prudence had so liv'd with them, that they knew nothing that 
 could hurt his person. 
 
 When the colloncll saw how the other poore gentlemen were 
 trapan'd that were brought in by proclamation, and how the whole 
 cause itselfe, from the beginning to the ending, was betrey'd and 
 condemn'd, notwithstanding that he himselfe, by a wonderfull over- 
 ruling providence of God, in that day was preserved; 3'ett he look'd 
 upon himselfe as iudg'd in their iudgement, and executed in their 
 execution;' and although he was most thankfull to God, yett he 
 was not very avcU satisfied in himselfe for accepting the deliverance. 
 His wife, Avho thought she had never deserv'd so well of him, as in 
 the endeavours and labours she exercis'd to bring him of, never 
 displeas'd him more in her life, and had much adoe to perswade 
 him to be contented with his deliverance; which, as it was emi- 
 nently wrought by God, he acknowledg'd it with thankfullnesse; 
 but while he saw others suffer, he suffer'd with them in his mind, 
 and, had not his wife perswaded him, had offer'd himselfe a volun- 
 tary sacrifice, but being by her convinc'd that God's eminent ap- 
 pearance seem'd to have singled him out for preservation, he with 
 thankes acquiesced in that thing; and further remembering that he 
 
 ' A sentiment most conformable to nature — but to a most just and amiable 
 nature !
 
 578 
 
 was but young att that time when he enter'd into this engagement, 
 and that many Avho had preacht and led the people into it, and of 
 that parliament, who had declar'd it to be treason not to advance 
 and promote that cause, were all now apostatiz'd, and as much 
 preacht against it, and call'd it rebellion and murther, and sate on 
 the tribunall to iudge it; he again reflected seriously upon all that 
 was past, and beg'd humbly of God to enlighten him and shew him 
 his sin if ignorance or misunderstanding had led him into error; 
 but the more he examind the cause from the first, the more he 
 became confirm'd in it, and from that time sett himselfe to a more 
 diligent study of the scriptures, whereby he attain'd confirmation in 
 many principles he had before, and dayly greater enlightnings con- 
 cernino; the free grace and love of God in Jesus Christ, and the 
 spirituall worship under the gospell, and the gospell liberty, Avhich 
 ouo'ht not to be subiected to the wills and ordinances of men in the 
 service of God. This made him reioyce in all he had done in the 
 Lord's cause, and he would often say, the Lord had not thus emi- 
 nently preserv'd him for nothing, but that he was yett kept for 
 some eminent service or suffering in this cause; although having 
 bene freely pardon'd by the present powers, he resolv'd not to doe 
 aniething against the king, but thought himselfe oblieg'd to sitt still 
 and wish his prosperity in all things that were not destructive to the 
 interest of Christ and his members on earth; yett as he could not 
 wish well to any ill way, so he believ'd that God had sett him aside, 
 and that therefore he ought to mourne in silence and retirednesse, 
 while he lay under this obligation. 
 
 He had not bene long at home but a pursuivant from the coun- 
 cell was sent to fetch him from his house att Owlhorjje, who carried 
 him to the atlurncy gencrall. He, with all preparatory insinuations, 
 how much he would expresse his gratitude to the king and his re- 
 pentance for his error, if he would now deale ingenuously, in bear- 
 ing testimony to what he should be examined, sifted him very
 
 379 
 
 thoroughly; but the collonell, who was peck'd at heart that they 
 should thus use him, to reserve him with an imagination that he 
 would serve their turnes in witnessing to the destruction of the rest, 
 conipos'd himselfe as well as he could, and resolv'd upon another 
 testimony then they expected, if they had call'd him to any. But 
 the atturney generall was so ill satisfied with his private examina- 
 tion that he would not venture a publick one. He dealt with him 
 with all the art and flatteries that could be, to make him but ap- 
 peare, in the least thing, to have deserted his owne and embrac'd 
 the king's part}'; and he brought the warrant of execution to the 
 collonell, and would faine have perswaded him to owne some of the 
 hands, and to have imparted some circumstances of the sealing, 
 because himselfe was present. But the collonell answered him, that 
 in a businesse transacted so many years agoe, wherein life was con- 
 cern'd, he durst not beare a testimony, having at that time bene so 
 little an observer, that he could not remember the least title of that 
 most eminent circumstance, of Cromwell's forcing Coll. Inglesby to 
 sett to his unwilling hand, which, if his life had depended on that 
 circumstance, he could not have aftirm'd. " And then. Sir," sayd 
 he, " if I have lost so great a thing as that, it cannot be expected 
 " lesse eminent passages remaine with me." Then being shew'd 
 the gentlemen's hands, he told hun he was not well acquainted with 
 them, as having never had commerce with the most of them by 
 letters; and those he could owne, he could only say they resembled 
 the writings which he was acquainted with; among these he only 
 pickt out Cromwell's, Ireton's, and my lord Grey's. The attorney 
 generall, very ill satisfied with his private examination, dismiss'd 
 him; yett was he serv'd with a writ to appear in the court the next 
 day. The collonell had bene told that, Avhen they were in distresse 
 for witnesses to make up their formallity. Coll. Inglesby had put 
 lliera upon sending for him, which made him give that instance to
 
 380 
 
 the attoniey.™ The next day the court sate, and the collonell was 
 fetclit in and made to passe before the prisoners' faces, but exa- 
 mined to nothing; which he much waited for, for the sight of the 
 prisoners, with whom he beheved himselfe to stand att the barre, 
 and the sight of the iudges, among whom was that vile traytor who 
 had sold the men that trusted him ; and lie that openly sayd he ab- 
 horr'd the word accommodation, when moderate men would have pre- 
 vented the warre; and the collonell's owne chare friend, who had 
 Avisht damnation to his soule if he ever sufFer'd pennie of any 
 man's estate, or haire of any man's head, to be touched. The sight 
 of these " had so provok'd his spiritt that, if he had bene call'd to 
 speake, he was resolv'd to have borne testimony to the cause and 
 against the court; but they asking him nothing, he went to his lodg- 
 ing, and so out of towne, and would not come any more into their 
 court, but sent the attorney generall word he could witnesse nothing, 
 and was sick with being kept in the crowd and the presse, and 
 therefore desired to be excus'd from coming any more thither. The 
 attorney made a very mallitious report of him to the chancellor and 
 the king, insomuch as his mine was then determined, and only oper- 
 lunity Avatch'd to eflect it.° 
 
 " Risum teueatis. The subject is too serious for laughter, but an invohintary smile 
 will be excited by this sarcasm, so well pointed. It is no wonder the attorney general 
 did not wish to examine him further! 
 
 " Monk, Ashley Cooper, and Hollis. Does not every one feel his indignation 
 roused at this wanton outrage upon decency? Perhaps Col. Hutchinson's appearance 
 in court may have been misconstrued by many, as they might be ignorant that it was 
 involuntary, and no one but himself could know that he meant to give evidence con- 
 trary to what was desired of him. 
 
 " The king intimated to the lords, when there were disputes on foot respecting 
 the exceptions to the bill of indemnity, that " other wai/s might be found to meet 
 " with those of turbulent and factious spirits:" thereby shewing that he had, like the 
 rc^t of his family, secret reserves for rendering insignificant his public acts.
 
 381 
 
 When Sr. A. Apsley came to the chancellor he was in a greate 
 rage and passion, and fell upon him with much vehemence. " O 
 " Nail," sayd he, " what have you done? you have sav'd a man that 
 " would be ready, if he had opertunity, to mischiefe us as much 
 " as ever he did." Sr. Allen was forc'd to stop his mouth, and tell 
 him, that he believ'd his brother a lesse dangerous person then those 
 he had brought into the king's councell, meaning Maynard and 
 Glynne; ^ but the truth is, from that time, all kindnesse that any 
 one expresst to the collonell was ill resented, and the Countesse of 
 Rochester was alsoe severely "rebuk'd for having appear'd so kind to 
 the collonell. 
 
 When the parliament sate againe the collonell sent up his Avife 
 to sollicite his businesse in the house, that the Lord Lexington's bill 
 might not passe the lower house. At her first coming to towne a 
 parliament man, a creature of Worcester-house, being in his coach, 
 she out of lier's call'd to him, who was her kinsman, and desir'd his 
 vigilancy to prevent her iniury. " I could wish," sayd he, " it had 
 " bene finisht last time, for your husband hath lately so ill behav'd 
 " himselfe that it will passe against him." She answer'd, " I pray 
 " let my friends but doe their endeavours for me, and then let it 
 " be as God will." He, smiling att her, replied, " It is not now as 
 " God will,'^ but as wee will." However she, notwithstanding many 
 other discouragements, waited upon the businesse every day, when 
 her adversaries as dilligently sollicited against her. One day a 
 friend came out of the house and told her that they were that day 
 so engag'd t-liat she might go home and rest secure nothing would 
 be done, and that day most of her friends were away, and her op- 
 
 P Maynard and Glynne had chimed in not only with the parliament but with Crom- 
 well, under whom both held offices. The chancellor will hereafter find them dangerous 
 inmates— in pushing the affair of his accusation and exile. 
 
 1 This well marks the change of stile that had taken place.
 
 382 
 
 ])osites tooke tliis oppcrtunity to bring it into the house, which was 
 now much alienated, especially all the court party, from the col- 
 lonell ; but God, to shew that not friends, nor dilligence, preserv'd 
 our estates, stirr'd up the hearts of strangers to do us iustice, and the 
 bill was throwne out when wee had scarce one of these friends wee 
 relied on in the house. 
 
 Presently after Mrs. Hutchinson came to towne a kinsman of 
 hers, fallen into the wicked councells of the court, came to visit 
 her one evening, and had bene so freely drinking as to unlock his 
 liosome, when he told her that the king had bene lately among 
 them where he was, and told them that they had sav'd a man, mean- 
 ing Coll. Hutchinson, who would doe the same thing for him he 
 did for his father, for he was still unchang'd in his principles, and 
 readier to pptect then accuse any of his associates, and would not 
 discover any councells or designes, or any party, though he were 
 knowne to have hated them.' Then this ocntleman told her how 
 contemptuous a carriage it was, that he Avould not owne one but 
 dead hands, and how they were resolv'd his pardon should never 
 passe the seale, and what a desperate condition he was rcduc'd to. 
 Having thus affrighted her, then, to draw her in by examples, he 
 told her how the late statesmen's wives came and offer'd them all 
 the informations they had gather'd from their husbands, and how 
 she could not but know more then any of them; and if yett she 
 Avould impart aniething that might shew her gratitude, she might 
 redeeme her famely from mine; and then perticularly told her how 
 
 ■■ Tlie king's satirical favourite, Rochester, reports of him that he never said n 
 foolish thing; but surely this was not a very wise one! How could he have faith in 
 any such sudden changes? What he did not mean to do he did, which was to establish 
 Col. Hutchinson's steadiness and consistency beyond question. We know from this 
 history that Col. Hutchinson's sense of honour was a complete safeguard against 
 him ; but this was a principle of which Ciiarles felt not, and affected to disbelieve Uie 
 existence.
 
 383 
 
 her husband had bene mtmiate withVane, Pieirepont, and St. Johns, 
 whose councells thej knew how fairc they had gone in this matter, 
 and that it" she would prevent others in the declaring of them, she 
 might much advantage herselfe. But she told him, she perceiv'd 
 any safety one could buy of them was not worth the price of honor 
 and conscience; that she knew nothing of stale managements, or if 
 she did, she Avould not establish herselfe upon any man's blood and 
 mine. Then he em ploy 'd all his witt to circumvert her in dis- 
 cource, to have gotten something out of her concerning some per- 
 sons they aym'd at, which if he could, I believe would have bene 
 beneficiall to him ; but she discern'd his drift, and scorn'd to become 
 an informer, and made him believe she was ignorant, though she 
 could have enlightned him in the thing he sought for; which they 
 are now never likely to know much of, it being lockt up in the 
 grave, and they that survive not knowing that their secrets are re- 
 moov'd into another cabinett.' After all, naturall affection working 
 
 ' Any who are delighted with the discovery of a secret will be disappointed that 
 Mrs. Hutchinson did not even here reveal hers, but resisted the bewitching vanity of 
 shewing the confidence that had been reposed in her by betraying it. She might per- 
 haps, with great propriety, think it not prudent to commit it to writing, though it was 
 to be read only by her own family. — Of the persons here named Sir H. Vane, it is well 
 known, was sacrificed to the manes of Lord Strafford, wliose attainder he was supposed 
 in a great measure to have procured; but there seems not to have been any pretence 
 for excepting him out of the amnesty. He viewed his fate, and the king who sen- 
 tenced him to it, with equal contempt; and the passage before us is a proof of the 
 fidelity he maintained towards his associates. — St. John was excluded from all offices; 
 but Pierrepont escaped untouched in all respects, and represented the county of Not- 
 tingham in the short parliament which restored the king: how he, who was so deeply 
 engaged, came off so well, there is no certain information; but he certainly was not a 
 little indebted lo Mrs. Hutchinson's discretion. — It is not beside the purpose to I'emark 
 here that although Mrs. Hutchinson, all through her history, usels the utmost modesty, 
 and abstains from all self-commendation, yet here, and in many other places, she ne- 
 cessarily and naturally proves herself to have possessed the mc^st valuable qualities. 
 Amongst those of women it is not very common to count that finiiness of mind and 
 
 3 P
 
 384 
 
 at that time with the gentleman, he in greate kindnesse advis'd her 
 that her husband should leave England. She told him he could not 
 conveniently, and the act of oblivion being past, she knew not why 
 he should feare, who was resolv'd to doe nothing that might forfeit 
 the grace he had found. But he told her it Avas determin'd that, if 
 there Avere the least pretence in the world, the collonell should be 
 imprison'd, and never be left loose againe; which warning, though 
 others of her friends sayd it Avas but an effect of his wine, the con- 
 sequence proov'd it but too true. 
 
 She advertised the collonell and persAvaded him, being alsoe ad- 
 vis'd to the same by other friends, to go out of England, but he 
 Avould not: he sayd this was the place Avheie God had sett him, and 
 protected him hitherto, and it would be in him an ungratefull dis- 
 trust of God to forsake it.' At this time he Avould have sold part 
 of his estate to pay his debts, but the purchasers scrupled, desneing 
 to see his pardon, Avhich he not having, Avas faine to breake of the 
 treaty; and though all the friends he had labour'd it, the chancellor 
 utterly refus'd it. There Avas a thousand pounds offer d to one to 
 procure it, but it Avas tried severall times and Avould not passe, by 
 reason of AAdiich he Avas preAJ^ented of the oppertunity then to settle 
 his estate; yett a v^eare after a little sollicitor shulied it in among 
 many others, and manag'd it so dexterously that it past all the 
 scales. The collonell's estate being in morgage Avith a peevish 
 
 just sense of honour which made her disdain to serve her husband and children at the 
 cost of others. To that ciihnged system of education under which she was brought up, 
 and to her reading of the classics, it is but fair to attribute, in some degree, the ex- 
 pansion and elevation of her mind. 
 
 ' This is a pregnant instance of Col. Hutchinson's strong belief in the decrees of 
 providence, and at the same time of his sincere conformity to them: it is much to 
 be regretted that he adhered so minutely and Hterally to it, instead of making use of 
 liis own and his friends discretion. lie might well have lived to see the happy Kevo- 
 lutionj and have returned and benefited his native country again by his spirit, wisdom, 
 ■ and experience.
 
 3S5 
 
 aldennaii, who had a desigiie upon il, lo have bought it for htlle 
 or liothing, he had a greate trouble with him; for having pro- 
 cur'd him his mony, he would not assignc the morgage, and the 
 others would not lend the mony without assignment from him, 
 so that it put the collonell to many inconveniences and greate 
 expence. 
 
 This parliament being risen, another was call'd by the king's 
 writt, wherein llic act of obli\ion Avas againe confirm'd, not without 
 some canvassing and opposition; and here againe another act about 
 that mony of the I^ord Lexington's was prepar'd and twice read in 
 the house, through divers abominable untruths which they had 
 forg'd and possesst the members withall. The collonell himselfe 
 sollicited his owne defence, and had all the iniustice and fowle play 
 imaginable att the committee appoynted to examine it, and it was 
 so desperate that all his friends perswaded him lo compound it; but 
 he would not, though his enemies oft'er'd it, but sayd, he would 
 either be clear'd by a lust, or ruin'd by an uniust sentence, and, 
 persumg it with his usuall allacrity and vigor in all things, he at 
 last remoov'd that prepossession that some of the gentlemen had 
 against him, and clearing himselfe to some that were most violent, 
 it pleas'd God to turne the hearts of the house at last to doe him 
 iustice, and to throw out the bill for evermore, which Avas a greate 
 mercy to him and his famely, for it w^as to have throwne him out 
 of possession of all the estates he had, and to have put them into 
 his enemies' hands till they had satisfied themselves; but the de- 
 fending himselfe was very chargeable to him, and not only so, but 
 this rumor of trouble upon his estate, and the braggs of his enemies, 
 and the clowd he lay under, hinder'd him both from letting and 
 selling, and improoving, his estate, so that it very much augmented 
 his debt. 
 
 Before this time, in December I66O, Captaine Cooper sent one 
 Broughton, a lieftenant, and Andrews, a cornett, wilh a company of
 
 •5. 
 
 86 
 
 souldiers, who plunder'd his house at Owthorpe, Avhile he was ab- 
 sent, of all the weapons they found in it, to his very Avearing swords, 
 and his owne armor for himselfe, although at that time there was 
 no prohibition of any person whatsoever to have or weare arms. 
 The collonell was not then at home, and the arms were layd up 
 in a closet within his chamber, where they search'd, and all the 
 house over, to see if they could have found plate or aniething else, 
 but when they could not, they carried these away, which one of his 
 servants, whom he had dismiss'd with a good reward, betrey'd to 
 them. His eldest sonne went to the Marquesse of Newcastle, lord 
 lieftenant of the county, and complain'd of the violence of the 
 souldiers, and my lord gave him an order to have the swords and 
 other things back, and some pistolls which were the Lord Biron's, 
 but Mr. Cooper contemn'd my lord's order, and would not obey it. 
 The arms were worth neere 100/. 
 
 Alsoe an order came downe from the secretary, commanding 
 certeine pictures and other things the collonell had bought out of 
 the late king's collection, Avhicli had cost him in ready mony be- 
 tween 1000/. and 1500/. and were of more valine, and these, not- 
 Avithstanding the act of oblivion, were all taken from him. 
 
 After these troubles were over from without, the collonell liv'd 
 with all imaginable retirednesse att home, and, because his active 
 spirit could not be idle nor very sordidly employ 'd, tooke up his 
 time in opening springs, and planting trees, and dressing his plan- 
 tations; and these Avere his recreations, Avherein he relieved many 
 poore labourers Avhen they Avanted Avorke, Avhich was a very com- 
 fortable charily to them and their famclies: with these he Avould 
 entertaiu himselfe, giving them much encouragement in their honest 
 labours, so that they delighted to be employ 'd by him. His busi- 
 nesse Avas serious revolvino- the law of God, Avherein he labour'd to 
 instruct his children and servants, and enioy'd himselfe wilh much 
 patience and comfort, not envying the glories and honors of the
 
 387 
 
 court, nor the prosperity of the wicked; but only griev'd that the 
 streightnesse of his owne revenues would not supplie his large heart 
 to the poore people in affliction. Some little troubles he had in his 
 own house. His sonne, unknowne to him, married a very worthy 
 person," with the manner of which he was so discontented that he 
 once resolv'd to have banisht them for ever, but his good nature was 
 soone overcome, and he receiv'd them into his bosome, and for the 
 short time he enioy'd her had no lesse love for her then for any of 
 his owne children. And indeed she was worthy of it, applying her- 
 selfe with such humble dutifullnesse and kindnesse to repaire her 
 fault, and to please him in all the things he delighted in, that he 
 was ravisht with the ioy of her, who lov'd the place not as his own 
 wife did, only because she Avas plac'd in it, but with a naturall af- 
 fection, which encourag'd him in all the paynes he tooke to adorne 
 it, when he had one to leave it to that w^ould esteeme it. She was 
 besides naturaliz'd into his house and interests, as if she had had 
 no other regard in the world ; she was pious and chearefull, liberall 
 and thrifty, complaisant and kind to all the famely, and the freest 
 from humor of any woman, loving home, without melancholly or 
 sullenesse, observant of her father and mother, not with rcgrett, but 
 with delight, and the most submissive, affectionate wife, that ever 
 was: but she, and all the ioy of her sweete, saint-like conversation, 
 ended in a lamented grave, about a yeare after her marriage, Avhen 
 she died in childbirth, and left the sweetest babe behind her that 
 ever was beheld, whose face promist all its mother's graces, but 
 death within eight Aveeks after her birth ravisht this sweete blossome, 
 Avhose fall open'd the fresh wounds of sorroAV for her mother, thus 
 doubly lost. While the mother liv'd, Avhich Avas ten days after her 
 delivery, the collonell and his wife employ 'd all imaginable paynes 
 and cares for her I'ecovery, whereof they had often hopes, but in the 
 
 " The dangliter of Sir Alexander RatcliiTej of the royahst party.
 
 388 
 
 end all in vaine; slie died, and left the whole house in very sensible 
 afiiction, which continued upon the collonell and his wife till new 
 stroakes awakened them out of the sillent sorrow of this funerall. 
 Her husband having no ioy in the "world after she was gone, some 
 months shut himselfe up with his griefe in his chamber, out of which 
 he was hardly perswaded to goe, and when he did, every place about 
 home so much renew'd die remembrance of her, he could not thinke 
 of but with deepe afiiction, that being invited by his friends abroad 
 to divert his melancholly," he grew a litde out of love with home, 
 which was a greate damping to the pleasures his father tooke in 
 the place: but he, how eager soever he were in the love of any 
 worldly tl)ing, had that moderation of spiritt that he submitted his 
 Avill allwayes to God, and endeavour'd to give him thankes in all 
 ihinss. 
 
 This winter, about October and the following months, the pa- 
 pists began to be very high, and a sort of strangers were come into 
 Nottingham, who Avcre observ'd to distingguish themselves by Scar- 
 lett ribands in their hatts; and one niglu, in a dnmken humor, a 
 papist fired a hay barne in a wood yard in Nottingham, which, if 
 not discover'd and prevented by many providences, might have en- 
 danger'd much of the towne: but it did 200/. worth of mischiefe; 
 but the matter was sluxffled up and compounded, although the same 
 night severall other townes were attempted to be fired. A greate 
 papist att Eastwold Avas knowne to assemble 200 men in amies in 
 the nio;ht, and some of the Lord Carrinoton's tenants, that went to 
 Arundcll-house to speakc with their landlord, observ'd very strange 
 suspilious signes of some greate businesse on foote among the pa- 
 pists, who, both in Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire, were so 
 exalted, that the very country people every wdicre apprehended 
 some insurrection. Amono- the rest there was a light-headed de- 
 
 * Mr. Thomas Hutchinson did not marry again, but died without issue.
 
 389 
 
 bosht young kniglit, that liv'd next towne to Owtliorpc, who va- 
 pour'd beyond all bounds, and had 12 paire of holsters for pistolls 
 at one time of the collonell's sadler, and ridd at that time with half 
 a douzen men armed, up and downe the country, and sent them, 
 and went himselfe to severall men who had bene souldiers in the 
 armie, to otFer them brave termes to list under him, telling them, 
 they, meaning the papists, should have a day for it. Jjcsides he, 
 with the parson of the parish, and some other men, at an alehouse, 
 began a health to the confusion of all the protestants in England ; 
 and one of the collonell's maides going to Colson, to have a sore eie 
 cured by a woman in the towne, heard there that he had vapour'd 
 the papists should shortly have their day, and that he would not 
 leave one allive in the collonell's house. He sent to the preacher of 
 Cotgrove, to forbid him to preach on gunpowder-treason day, 
 threatning to kill him if he did, insomuch that the towne Avere forc'd 
 to keep a guard all that day upon the steeple. 
 
 The men whom the papists had endeavour'd to list, acquainted 
 the collonell Avith it, Avhereof some being in Leicestershire, the col- 
 lonell, sent his sonne to Sr. George Villiei-s, one of the deputy lief- 
 tcnants of that county, to acquaint him Avith it ; but he slighted the 
 matter, although at that time it Avould have bene proov'd that Gold- 
 ing brought a Avhole coach loaden Avith pistolls, as many as they 
 could stuffe under the seates and in the bootes, to the house of one 
 Smith, a papist, dAvelling at Quineborough in Leicestershire. The 
 collonell alsoe sent to the deputy lieftenants of our county to ac- 
 quaint them the publick danger, and hoAv himselle Avas threalned ; 
 and, by reason that his house had bene disarm'd, desir'd that he 
 might have leave to procure some necessary arms to defend it ; but 
 they sent him Avord that the insurrection of the papists was but a 
 fanatique iealousie, and if he Avere afraid, they Avould send him a 
 guard, but durst not alloAV him to arme his house. He disdaining 
 their security that Avould not tnist him Avith his OAvne, Avould have
 
 390 
 
 taken a house att Nottingham for his wife to he in, who being then 
 big with chiki, Avas neare her account; but ahhough she Avere feare- 
 full, yet when she found him resolv'd to stay in his owne house, she 
 Avould not goe: wliereupon he made strong shutts to all his low 
 windorcs widi iron barrs, and that very night that they were sett up, 
 the house was attempted to be broken in the night, and the glasse 
 of one of the greate casements broken, and tlie little iron barrs of it 
 crasht in sunder. Mrs. Hutchinson being late up heard the noyse, 
 and thought somebody had bene forcing the doores, but as wee 
 since heard, it was Golding who made the attempt. The common 
 people every where falling into suspition of the papists, began to be 
 highl}^ offended at their insolence, and to mutter strange words ; 
 whither it were this, or what elce wee know not, but their designe 
 proceeded no further; yett there is nothing more certeine then that 
 at that time they had a design of rising generally all over England 
 in arms. But the collonell liv'd so retir'd, that he never understood 
 how it was taken up, and how it fell of, yett although they would 
 not take the allarum from him, even the gentlemen of the county 
 afterwards believ'd they were hatching some mischiefe and fear'd it. 
 The collonell continued his usuall retirednesse all that winter, 
 and the next summer, about the end of which he dreamt one night 
 that he saw certeine men in a boate upon the Thames, labouring 
 against wind and tide, to bring their boate, which stuck in the 
 sands, to shore ; att which he, being in the boate, was angrie Avith 
 them, and told them they toyl'd in vaine, and would never effect 
 their purpose ; but, say'd he, lett it alone and let t me try; where- 
 upon he lay'd him downe in the boate, and applying his brest to 
 the head of it, gently shoov'd it along, till he came to land on 
 Southworke side, and there, going out of the boate, walk'd in the 
 most pleasant lovely fields, so grecne and Nourishing, and so em- 
 bellisht with the cheerefull sunne that shone upon them, as he never 
 saw aniething soe delightfull, and that there mett his father, who
 
 391 
 
 gave him certeiiie leaves of lawrell which had many words written 
 in them whicli he could not read. The collonell was never super- 
 stitious of drcamcs, but this stuck a little in his mind, and we were 
 therefore seeking applications of it, which proov'd nothing in the 
 event, but that having afforded one, I know not whither the dreame 
 might not he inspir'd. The boate representing the commonwealth, 
 which severall unquiet people sought to enfranchise, by value en- 
 deavours, against wind and tide, parellelling the plotts and designes 
 some impatient people then carried on Avithout strength, or councell, 
 or unity among diemselves; his lying downe and shooving it with 
 his breast, might signify the advancement of the cause by the pa- 
 tient sullering of the martyrs, among which his owne was to be 
 eminent, and on the other side of the river to land him into walkes 
 of everlasting pleasure, he dying on that shore, and his father's giving 
 him these lawrell leaves with unintelligible characters, fortold him 
 those triumphs which he could not read in his mortall estate ; but to 
 let dreames passe — 
 
 I cannot here omitt one story, though not altogether so much of 
 the collonell's concerne, yet hap'ning this summer, not unworthy 
 mention. Mr. Palmer, a certeine nonconformist preacher, was 
 taken at his owne house in Nottingham by the maior of the towne, 
 for preaching upon the Lord's day, and some others with him, 
 (whereof one was formerly a servant. of the collonell's, and had mar- 
 ried one of his maydes), and put into the towne's iayle, where they 
 continued about two or three months. There being a grated window 
 in the prison, that was allmost even with the ground, and look'd 
 into the streete, all people coming by, might see these poore peo- 
 ple, kept in a damp ill-favour'd roome, where they patiently ex- 
 horted and chear'd one another. One Lord's day, after sermon- 
 time, the prisoners were singing a psalme, and the people as they 
 past up and downe, still when they came to the prison, stood still, 
 till there were a greate many gather'd about tlu; windore at which 
 
 3 G
 
 392 
 
 Mr, Palmer was preaching ; whereupon, the maior, one Toplady, 
 who had formerly bene a parliament officer, but was now a rene- 
 gado, came violently Avith his officers, and beate the people, and 
 thrust some into prison that were but passing the streetes, kickt and 
 pincht the men's wives in his rage, and was the more exasperated, 
 when some of them told him, how ill his fury became him,^ who had 
 once bene one of them. The next day, or few days after, having 
 given order the prisoners should every Lord's day after be lockt in 
 the colehouse, he went to London and made information, I heard 
 oath, to the councell, that a thousand of the country came in armed 
 to the towne, and marcht to the prison window, to hear the prisoner 
 preach ; whereupon he procur'd an order for a troope of horse to be 
 sent downe to quarter at Nottingham to keep the fanatiqucs in awe. 
 But one who had relation to the towne, being then at court, and 
 knowing this to be false, certified to the contrary and prevented the 
 troope. After the maior came downe, he was one night taken with 
 a vomitting of blood, and being ill, call'd his man and his maid, 
 who alsoe at the same time fell a bleeding, and Avere all ready to be 
 choak'd in their owne blood, Avhich at last stopping, they came to 
 assist him ; but after that he never lift up his head, but languisht a 
 few months and died. 
 
 While these poore people were in prison, the collonell sent them 
 some mony, and assoone as their time Avas expir'd, Mr. Palmer 
 came to OAvthorpe to give him thankes, and preacht there one Lord's 
 day." Whither this were taken notice of is not evident, but Avithin 
 
 >■ This transaction is seemingly of small note; but will be found of the last impor- 
 tance to the parties concerned. By the declaration from Breda — " Liberty was 
 " granted to tender consciences, and none were to be questioned for difference of 
 " opinion in matters of religion, which do not disturb the peace of the kingdom." 
 But the parliament which was chosen after the restoration, and which consisted in u 
 great degree of tories and high church men, encouraged and led on by the chancellor, 
 passed several severe acts against all dissenters indiscriminately. Particularly one
 
 393 
 
 a short time after, upon the Lord's day, the lUli of October, l663, 
 the cohoncU having that day finisht the expounding of tiie Epistle 
 to the Romans to his houschoki, and the servants being gone of out 
 of the pailour from him, one of them came in and told him souldiers 
 were come to the towne. He was not at all surpris'd, but stay'd in 
 the roome till they came in, who were conducted by Atkinson, one 
 ^of those Newark men, who had so violently before prosecuted him 
 at the parliament, and he told the collonell he must goe allong with 
 them, after they had searcht the house ; for which the collonell re- 
 quir'd their commission, which at the first they say'd they need not 
 shew, but after they shew'd him an order from Mr. Francis Leke, 
 one of the deputy lieftenants, forthwith to repayre to his house, to 
 search for and bring away what armes they could find, and to seize 
 his person. All which they did, and found no armes in the house, 
 but four birding gunns, that hung open in the kitchen, which being 
 the young gentlemau's, at that time they left. It was after sunsett 
 when they came, and they were at least two howers searching every 
 corner and all about the house, and the collonell was not at that 
 time very well in health, and not having bene fornix months before 
 
 called, the Act of Unitbnnity, and this they followed up with an act forbidding noii- 
 confoimists to frequent conventicles, under which probably Mr. Palmer was seized. 
 As it had been declared that those who differ'd from tlie church could not fail to be 
 enemies to the state, and that the fsuiatics, as they called them, resorted to these 
 meetings under pretence of religion, but in reality to form and ripen plots and sedi- 
 tions, and that principally for tliis reason these acts were framed, this renegado very 
 aptly introduced his thousand men in arms. 
 
 How far it was discreet in Col. Hutchinson at such a juncture to let this man 
 preach at Owthorpe, on whom a mark had bene set, is doubtful ; it seems that in ge- 
 neral he confined his religious opinions and worship to his own house, and was of 
 course inoffensive even to the captious government under wliich he lived. 
 
 The manner, time, and place of his being seized, demonstrate the falsehood of 
 the legend contained in Throsby's edition of Thoroton's Nottinghamshire, of his long 
 concealment in his own house, and at last being taken coming home from church.
 
 394 
 
 on horseback, had neither horses nor saddles at that time in the 
 house ; the coachman was alsoe gone away, and the coach-horses 
 turned out, and it was as bitter, a stormie, pitchie, dark, blacke, 
 raynie night, as anie that came that yeare; all which consider'd, the 
 collonell desir'd that they Avould but stay for the morning light, that 
 he might accommodate "himselfe: but they would not, but forc'd 
 him to goe then allong with them, his eldest sonne lending him a 
 horse, and alsoe voluntarily accompanying him to Newark, where, 
 about foure of the clock in the morning, he Avas brought into the 
 Talbott, and put into a most vile roome, and two souldiers kept 
 guard upon him in that roome. 
 
 And now what they ayl'd wee knew not, but they were all seiz'd 
 with a panick feare, and the whole country fiercely allarum'd, and 
 kept at Newark many dayes at intollerable charges, and I thinke 
 they never yett knew what they were sent for in to doe, but to guard 
 Coll. Hutchinson ; who being at first put into a roome that look'd 
 into the streete, Avas remoov'd after into a back roome, worse, if 
 worse could be, and so bad that they would not lett the Duke of 
 Buckingham's footemen lodge in it : and here he continued, no man 
 comming at him nor letting him know why he was brought in. The 
 next day Mrs. Hutchinson sent him some linnen, and assoone as the 
 man came, Tomson, the host of the inne, Avould not sufter him to 
 see his master, but seiz'd him and kept him prisoner two days. Mr. 
 Thomas Hutchinson had a mare which the inne-keeper had a desire 
 to buy, and his father perswaded him to lett him have her worth 
 mony, who thereupon agreed on the price, only Tomson desir'd him 
 to lett him trie the mare six miles, which he condiscended to, upon 
 condition that if Tomson ridd the marc above six miles, he should 
 pay the mony for her, and furnish Mr. Hutchinson with a horse 
 home, or to my Lord of Newcastle's, or any other occasion he had 
 while he was at Newark. Upon this bargaine Tomson had the 
 mare, but instead of going but six miles, led a greater partie of
 
 395 
 
 horse tlien those who first seiz'd the collonell to Owthorpe, and 
 coming in after sunsett, to the affright of Mrs. Hutchinson and her 
 children, againe searcht their house more narrowly if possible then 
 at first, with much more insolent behaviour, although they found no 
 more than at first ; but they tooke away the birding gunns they had 
 left before, and from Owthorpe went to Nottingham, where they tooke 
 one Captaine Wright and Lieftenant Franck, who had bene Lambert's 
 agitant-generall, and brought the poore men to Newark, where they 
 are yett prisoners, and to this day know not Avhy.^ Severall others 
 were taken prisoners, among the rest one Whittinton, a lieftenant, 
 who being carried to prison, " Coll. Hutchinson," say'd he, " hath 
 " betrey'd us all:" such were the base iealousies of our owne party 
 over him, who because he was not hang'd at first, imagin'd and 
 spoke among themselves all the scandalls that could be devis'd of 
 him, as one that had deserted the cause, and lay private here in 
 the country to trapan all the party, and to gather and transmitt all 
 intelligence to the court, and a thousand such things, giving each 
 other warning to take heed of comming neere him. Those Avho 
 began to render him thus odious among his owne part}', were the 
 Lambertonians, in mallice because he had openly oppos'd their re- 
 bellious insolencies against the parliament. Frank and Whittington, 
 Sec. were of these, but the collonell would not putt himselfe in 
 hazard to rectifie their uniust thoughts, and had no resort of his 
 owne friends, the soberer and honester men of the party ; onl v, as- 
 much as the streights that were upon him would allow, when any 
 of them were in distresse, would send them reliefe. Hereupon some, 
 convinc'd of the iniuries they did him, about this time sought to doe 
 him right, in some meeting where one of the Buckingham's trapans 
 was, and say'd he was unchanged in his principles, Avhich was all 
 
 • This shews that the confinement of these persons lasted still longer than Coll. 
 Hutchinson's, and likewise that this history was written while the events were still re- 
 cent and fresh in the memory.
 
 396 
 
 that ever I could heare was inform'd against him, but anielhing 
 would serve for those who sought a pretence.* 
 
 While the collonell was at Newark, Golding, the papist, was a 
 very busie fellow in spying and watching his house at Owthorpe, 
 and sending in frivolous stories, which amounted to nothing, but 
 declaring his pittifull malice, as they that receiv'd it after told the 
 coUonell. 
 
 When Tornson came back, Mr. Hutchinson, out of the window, 
 spied his owne gunne, which some of the men brought in, and soone 
 understood that this rogue had made use of his OAvne horse to plun- 
 der him. At night Tomson, the host, came up into the collonell's 
 chamber, and behav'd himselfe most insolently, Avhereupon the col- 
 lonel snatch t up a candlestick and lay'd him over the chaps with it, 
 whereupon Mr. Leke, being in the house, and hearing the bustle, 
 with others, came in with drawne swords, and the collonell tooke 
 that opportunity to tell him, that he stood upon his iustification, 
 and desired to know his crime and his accusers, and that till then 
 he was content to be kept as safe as they would have him, but de- 
 sir'd to be delivcr'd out of the hands of that insolent fellow, and to 
 have accommodation fitt for a gentleman; which when they saw he 
 would not be without, for he would eate no more meate in that 
 house, they after two days remov'd him to the next inne, where he 
 was civilly treated, with guards still remaining upon him. 
 
 It was not passion which made the collonell doe this, for he was 
 not at all angrie, but despis'd all the mallice of his enemies, but he 
 
 * The whole history of the reign of Charles the Second is filled with plots real or 
 imaginary, but mostly the latter : of all the engines of state the most nefarious is that 
 at this time miieli employed, of sham or pretended fomenteis of sedition or trepans, 
 who drew unwary persons either into some confederacy or expressions of discontent, 
 and tiien gave information, probably heightened by invention. Many iiave thought 
 the information given against Lord Russell and Algernon Sidney, whereon tliey were 
 tried and condemned, was no better.
 
 597 
 
 having bene now foure dayes in Newark, Mr. Leke came every day 
 to the house where he was kept by Leke's warrant, and never vouch- 
 saf'd so much as to lookc on him, but put him into the hands of a 
 drunken insolent host, who dayly affronted him, which, if he would 
 have suffered, lie saw would be continued upon him, iheiefore know- 
 ing that Leke was then in the house, he looke that occasion to make 
 him come to him, and thereupon obtain'd a remoove to an accom- 
 modalion more belitlino; a oendeman.. 
 
 While he was at the other inne, several] gentlemen of the king's 
 party came to him, some whom he had knowne, and some whom he 
 had never scene, complementing him, as if he had not bene a pri- 
 soner, which he very much admir'd att, and could yett never under- 
 stand, for by his former usage he saw it was not their good nature; 
 but whither this carriage of his had made them believe innocency 
 was the ground of his confidence, or whither the appearance of his 
 greate spiritt had made them willing to obliege him, or whither even 
 his vertue had strucken them with a guilty dread of him, though a 
 prisoner, certcinc it is, that son)e who had bene his greatest enemies, 
 began to flatter with him, whereupon, in a Bible he carried in his 
 pockett, and markt upon all occasions, he mark'd that place, Prov. 
 xvi. 7j " when a man's wayes please the Lord, he maketh his ene- 
 " mies to be at peace with him." 
 
 The 19th of October, Mr. Leke, with a party of horse, carried 
 the collonell to the Marquesse of Newcastle's, who treated him very 
 honorably; and then falling into discourse with him, "Collonell," 
 sayth he, " they say you desire to know your accusers, which is 
 more then I know." And thereupon very freely shew'd him (he 
 Duke of Buckingham's letter, commanding him to imprison the col- 
 lonell, and others, upon suspition of a plott, which my lord was so 
 fully satisfied the collonell was innocent of, that he dismist him 
 without a guard to his owne house, only engaging him to stay there 
 one weeke, till he gave account to the counscll, upon which he was
 
 398 
 
 confident of his liberty.'' The coUonell thus dismist, came home, 
 and upon the 22d day of October, a party of horse, sent only with 
 a wretched corporal], came about 11 of the clock with a warrant 
 from Mr. Leke, and fctcht him back to Newark, to the inne Avhere 
 he was before, Mr. Twentimans, who being still civill to him, Avhis' 
 per'd him assoone as he allighted, that it was determined he should 
 be close prisoner ; whereupon the collonell say'd he would no more 
 pay any centinells that they sett upon him, yett they sett two hired 
 
 *> Here shines out the genuine spirit of a noble Briton! This was the same man, 
 who commanding a host, against which the forces Col. Hutchinson had to defend 
 Nottingham Castle with, were but as a dwarf before a giant, yet saw his fidelity to be 
 proof against both danger, and the temptation of great rewards, and had generosity 
 enough to see and value virtue in an adversary ; he well linew that such a person as the 
 coUonel, was safer in the keeping of his own honour than all the guards or prisons of 
 his enemies. Who can fail to regret that such a man should have been so long the 
 dupe of his loyalty to the Stuarts, and above all that he should be to receive mandates 
 from the infamous sycophants of diaries the Second ! If a man was inevitably to be 
 persecuted, it made much for his honour, and somewhat for his satisfaction, to have 
 two men of such opposite characters as Newcastle and Buckingham, the one for his 
 protector, the other for his persecutor. 
 
 Of Buckingham we shall again have occasion to speak. 
 
 As we shall not again see any thing more of this truly noble man, the Marquis of 
 Newcastle, we take this opportunity to cite, from a tradition preserved by Deering in 
 his History of Nottingham, that at the time of the great revolution another Cavendish, 
 Earl, and afterwards Duke of Devonshire, together with Lord Delamere, son of that 
 Sir George Booth whose life and fortunes Col. Hutchinson preserved, together with 
 Col. Hutchinson's half brother, and others of that country, set up their standard at 
 Nottingham ; there waked again the soul of liberty and patriotism, which had slept 
 ever since Col. Hutchinson's days, and causing the trumpet to sound to arms, and tell- 
 ing the inhabitants a Stuart was at hand with all his army, saw the whole people fly to 
 arms, some on horseback, some on foot, with all the various weapons they could find, 
 march all as one man to meet him, and take their determined stand at that pass of the 
 Trent where their old governor had repeatedly fought and conquer'd, and whose spirit 
 they imagined to hover over and inspire them with its wonted energy. Having thus 
 tried their temper, he committed to the guard of these true-born sons of freedom, that 
 princess (Anne) who was to carry the British name to its highest pitch of glory.
 
 399 
 
 souldiers, having now dismist the county, but the collonell forbade 
 the inne to give them any diinke, or aniething elce upon his ac- 
 count. The next day^ being the 23d, Mr. Leke came to him and 
 shew'd him a letter from my Lord Newcastle, wherein my lord writt 
 that he was sorry he could not persue that kindnesse he intended the 
 collonell, believing him innocent, for that he had receiv'd a com- 
 mand from Buckingham to kecpe him close prisoner, without pen, 
 inke, or paper ; and to shew the reallity of this, with the order he 
 sent a copie of the duke's letter, which was alsoe shew'd the col- 
 lonell ; and in it was this expression, " that though he could not make 
 " it out as yett, he hop'd he should hrmg Mr. Hutchinson into the 
 " plott." Mr. Leke having communicated these orders to Mr. 
 Hutchinson, told him he was to goe to London, and should leave 
 him in the charge of the maior of Newark. 
 
 Because here is so much noyse of a plott, it is necessary to tell 
 what it hath since appear'd. The Buckingham sett a worke one 
 Gore, sheriffe of Yorkshire, and others, who sent out trapanners 
 among the discontented people, to stirre them to insurrection to re- 
 store the old parliament, gospell ministry, and English liberty, 
 which specious things found very many ready to entertaine them, 
 and abundance of simple people were caught in the nett ; whereof 
 some lost their lives, and others fled." But the collonell had no hand 
 in it, hokling himselfe oblig'd at that time to be quiet. It is true he 
 still suspected insurrections of the papists, and had secur'd his house 
 and his yards, better then it was the winter before, against any sud- 
 daine night assaults. 
 
 After Mr. Leke was gone, the maior, one Herring, of Newark, 
 a rich, but simple fellow, sent the iayler to Mr. Hutchinson, to tell 
 
 * Rapin speaks slightly and cursoiily of this, under the name of the Northern Plot; 
 
 but plainly shews that some of the principal persons pretended to have been concerned 
 
 in it, neither were nor could be, 
 
 3 n
 
 400 
 
 him he must goe to his house ; which the collonell refusing to doe 
 voluntarily, without a mittimus from some magistrate, the maior 
 sent five constables and two souldiers, who by violence, bodi forc'd 
 the collonell out of his quarters, and into the iayle without any 
 legall committment, although the collonell warn'd both the iaylor 
 and the men of the danger of the law, by this illegall imprisonment. 
 The collonell would not advance alt all into the prison, into which 
 the men would faine have entreated him ; but when they saw they 
 could not perswade, they violently thrust him in, where the iaylor 
 afterwards used him pretty civilly: but the roome being vmfitt for 
 him, he gott cold and fell very sick, when, upon the 27th of Octo- 
 ber, Mr. Leke, with the marquesses secretary came to him, and 
 found him soe, and acquainted him, that the inarquesse had re- 
 ceived expresse orders from the king, to send him up in safe custody 
 to London. Mr. Leke finding him so ill, was so civill to permitt 
 him to goe by his owne house, which was as neere a roade, that he 
 might there take accommodations for his iourney, and be carried up 
 at more ease, in his owne coach, Mr. Leke himselfe being necessi- 
 tated to make more haste then he could have done, if he had stay'd 
 for the party that was to guard the collonell, went away before, and 
 left his orders for sending him away with Mr, xVtkinson, M-ho first 
 seiz'd him. The same 27th day, att night, his house at Owthorpe 
 Avas againe searcht, and he and his wife being abroad, ail their 
 boxes and cabinetts broken open, and all their papers ritied, but 
 yett for all this they could find nothing to colour their iniustice to 
 him. 
 
 Having bene falsely and illegally imprison'd, from six of the 
 clock on friday night the 23d of October, till ten of the clock in the 
 morning October the 28th, he was then, in order to his going to 
 London, brought by Beek the iaylor to Twentimans the inne, from 
 whence he was hal'd, to stay there till a commanded part}' of the 
 •county horse came to guard him to London. But one devision of
 
 401 
 
 the county who had warrants sent them, not connning in, Atkinson 
 sent into that part Avhere the collonell liv'd, and his owne neighbours 
 comming slowly and unwillingly to that service, he was forc'd to 
 stay there all that day till night in the custody of the iaylor. At 
 night, when he was in bed, the maior being drunke commanded 
 him to be carried back to the iayle, but the iaylor, weary of his 
 drunken commands, sat up with two souldiers, and guarded him in 
 the inne. 
 
 The next day the partie not being come in, a meane fellow, that 
 was appoynted to command the collonell's guard, one Corporall Wil- 
 son, came and told him that he must not goe by his owne house, nor 
 have the privelledge of his coach, but be carried up another way, 
 whereupon the collonell sent to Atkinson to desire him he might not 
 be denied that civillity Mr. Leke had allowed him; but he was so 
 peevish and obstinate that the collonell was sending his sonne post 
 to the Marquisse of Newcastle's to complaine of his mallitious inhu- 
 manity, who would have forc'd him on horseback without any ac- 
 commodation, Avlien he was so ill that he could not have ridden one 
 stage without manifest hazard of his life : and yett Mr. Cecill Cooper 
 and Mr. Whally, though iustices and deputy lieftenants, could not 
 prevaile with him, till he saw the collonell as resolute as himselfe ; 
 and then at last, by their mediation, (wherein Mr. Cecill Cooper 
 did soomething redeeme his former causelesse hatred, which made 
 him plunder the house, and deleine the plunder Avhen it was ordcr'd 
 back). The collonell, about sunsctt, was sent out of Newark, 
 with those horse that were come in, to stay for the rest at his owne 
 house. Being driven in the night by an unskillfull coachman, the 
 coach was overturn'd and broken; but about 12 of the clock at 
 night they came safe home. Thus the collonell tooke his last leave 
 of Newark, which being a place he had formerly subdued, and re- 
 plete with so many mallitious enemies to the whole party, and 
 more particularly to him, upon no other account but that he had
 
 402 ^ 
 
 bene tlie most formidable protector of the other party in this coun- 
 try, he expected farre worse treatment from the generalhtj^ of the 
 towne ; who were so farre from ioyning in ioy of his captivity^ 
 that wlien he was forc'd through their streets they gave him very 
 civill respect, and when he came away civill farewells, and all mut- 
 ter'd exceedingly at their maior, and say'd he would undoe their 
 towne by such simple illegall proceedings. The collonell regarded 
 all these civillities from the towne, who were generally much con- 
 cern'd in his iniuries, and from Cooper and others, not as of them- 
 selves, but as from God, who at that time overaw'd the hearts of his 
 enemies, as once he did Laban's and Esau's, and was much con- 
 firm'd in the favour of God thereby, and nothing at all daunted at 
 the mallice of his prosecutors, but went as cheerefully into captivity 
 as another would have come out of it. 
 
 They were forc'd to stay a day at Owthorpe, for the mending of 
 the coach and comming in of the souldiers, Avhere the collonell had 
 the opertunity to take leave of his poore labourers, who Avept all 
 bitterly when he pay'd them of, but he comforted them and smil'd, 
 and without any regrett went away from his bitterly weeping chil- 
 dren, and servants, and tenants, his wife and his eldest sonne and 
 daughter going with him, upon -Saturday the 31st of October. 
 
 Golding, the night before he went, had sent him a pot of mar- 
 malade to eat in the coach, and a letter to desire all grutches might 
 be forgotten, and high flattering stuffe, by his man that was to be 
 one of the guard, which he say'd he had chosen out the best he had, 
 and his best horse, and if he did not pay him all respect he would 
 turne him away ; and as the collonell came by his doore, came out 
 with wine, and would fainc have brought him into the house to eate 
 oysters, but the collonell only drank with him, and bid him friendly 
 farewell, and went on, not guarded as a prisoner, but waited on by 
 his neighbours. Mrs. Hvitchinson was exceedingly sad, but he en- 
 couraged and kindly chid her out of it, and told her it would
 
 405 
 
 blemish his innocence for her to appeare aflicted, and told her if she 
 had but patience to waite the event, she would see it all for the best, 
 and bade her be thankefull for the mercy that she was permitted 
 this comfort to accompany him in the iourney, and with divers ex- 
 cellent exhortations chcar'd her who Avas not wholly abandon'd to 
 sorrow, while he was with her, who, to divert her, made himsc Ife 
 sport with his guards, and deceived the Avay, till upon the 3d of No- 
 vember he Avas brought to the Crown, in Hoi borne. From thence, 
 the next day, he was carried by Mr. Leke to the Tower, and com- 
 mitted there close prisoner, by warrant, signed by Secretary Bennett 
 the 20th of October, Avhereby he stood committed for treasonable 
 practises, though he had never yett bene examin'd by any maoi- 
 strate, one or other. His wife, by his command, restrein'd herselfe 
 as much as she could from shewing her sadnesse, whom he bad to 
 remember how often he had told her that God never preserv'd him 
 so extraordinarily at first, but for some greate worke he had further 
 for him to doe or to suffer in this cause, and bad her be thankefull 
 for the mercy by which they had so long in peace enioy'd one an- 
 other, since this eminent change, and bad her trust God with him ; 
 whose faith and chearefuUnesse were so encourasiino; that it a little 
 upheld her ; but, alas ! her devining heart was not to be comforted : 
 she remembrcd Avhat had bene told her of the cruell resolutions taken 
 against him, and saw now the execution of them. 
 
 On Friday, Nov. the 6th, he was sent for by Secretary Bennett, 
 to his lodgings at Whitehall, Avhich Avas the first time he AA^as ex- 
 amin'd, and the questions he asked him Avere : — 1st. " Where he 
 " had liv'd this four or five months.^" To Avhich he ansAver'd, " Con- 
 " stantly at home, at his owne house in Nottinghamshire." 2d. 
 " What company used to resort to his house ?" He told him, 
 " None, not so much as his nearest relations, Avho scarce ever saAv 
 " him." 3d. " A¥hat company he frequented ?" He told him, 
 " None, and that he nex'^er stirr'd out of his owne house to visilt
 
 404 
 
 " any." Bennett sayd, " That was very much." 4th. " Whither 
 « he knew Mr. Henry Nevill "t" He answer'd, " Very well." 5th. 
 " When he saw him V He sayd, " To his best remembrance never 
 " since the king came in." 6th. " When he writt to him ?" He 
 sayd, " Never in his life." 7th. " When Mr. Nevill writt to him ?" 
 He sayd, " Never." 8tli. " Whither any messages had past be- 
 " tween them ?" He sayd, " None at all." 9th. " Whither none 
 " had moov'd aniething to him concerning a republique i" He 
 sayd, " He knew none so indiscreet." 10th. " What children he 
 "had?" He sayd, " Foure sonnes and foure daughters." 11th. 
 " How old his sonnes were ?" He sayd, " Two were at men's estate, 
 " and two little children." 12th. " Whither his sonnes had not done 
 " aniething to iniure him ?" He replied, " Never that he knew of, 
 " and he was confident they had not." 13th. " Where he went to 
 "church to heare devine service, common prayer?" He sayd, 
 " No where, for he never stirr'd out of his owne house." 14th. 
 " Whither he heard it not read there ?" He answer'd, " To speake 
 " ingenuously, No." 15th. " How he then did for his soule's com- 
 " fort ?" He replied, " Sr. I hope you leave me that to account be- 
 " tweene God and my owne soule." Then Bennett told him his 
 answers to these had cut him of of many questions he should have 
 asked, and he might returne. So he Avas carried back to the Tower 
 with only two of the warders which brought him thither." 
 
 d What will the reader think of this examination when he is reminded, or, if he 
 knew it not before, is informed that this gentleman who is so anxious for the welfare 
 of Col. Hutchinson's soul, and so earnest for his frequenting the church, was himself 
 a concealed papist, and privy to the king's being so too ! It is necessary to be here ob- 
 served, that upon the publication of the act of uniformity a very great number of the 
 parochial clergy quitted their benefices, and were replaced by others; it is highly pro- 
 bable this would be the case at Owthorpe, and it was a very natural consequence of it 
 that Col. Hutchinson should absent himself from his church, where, although he had 
 heretofore taken much pains to get a good minister established and his salary aug-
 
 405 
 
 Not long after one Waters was brought prisoner out of York- 
 shire, a fellow of a timorous spiritt, Avho being taken, was in so 
 greate a feare, that he accus'd many, guilty and not guilty, to save 
 himsclfe ; caus'd his owne wife to be put in prison, and hang'd the 
 dearest friend he had in the world, and brought his wives brother 
 into the same danger; some say through feare, others that he was a 
 trapanner from the begining, for he drew in all the people whom he 
 accus'd. Whatever he were, he was so utter a stranger to Coll. 
 Hutchinson, that he never saw his face ; yett that day he was ex- 
 amin'd at Whitehall, Coll. Hutchinson was in greate haste fetcht 
 away from his dinner at the Tower, and told he should be examin'd 
 in the king's owne hearing ; which he was very glad of, and, with 
 greate hast and formallity and strictnesse he was carried by the de- 
 puty lieftenant and a strong guard by water from the Tower to 
 Whitehall ; and when he came to land at Whitehall stairs, one 
 Andrews, an officer, with two files of musketeers, was ready to re- 
 ceave him, and led him to Bennett's lodgings, where he observ'd a 
 greate deale of care to place the guard at the outAvard doore in the 
 court, and to keepe the chamber doore continually shutt, that none 
 might peepe in, but a few gentlemen Avho were admitted to come 
 now and then and stare him in the face at the doore, but none wci'e 
 in the roome for a long space but Andrews and himselfc, till at the 
 last his keeper thrust in. The collonell, having stay'd two howers, 
 concluded that he should now be confronted by some accuser, or at 
 
 mented, he had now to expect, instead of spiritual comfort, siicli pulpit railings as he 
 had been assailed with at Nottingham. Accordingly he performed the worship of God 
 in his own family, much as a protestant father of a family would have done in a c atho- 
 lic country. And the history informs ns he was so occupied when the soldiers came to 
 seize him: but it was prudent to say nothing of this to tlie secnlary confessor! 
 
 Mr. Nevil, whom he speaks of, made a considerable figure in the latter times of 
 the long parliament, as a staunch republican, a man of strict integrity, and a steady 
 opposer of all the usurpations.
 
 406 
 
 least liave an examination more tending to treasonable practices 
 then his first seemed to doe, especially understanding that Mr. Wa- 
 ters had bene many howers before in the house, and was yett there. 
 But at last parturiunt monies! and out comes Secretary Bennett! 
 who taking him to a window apart from Mr. Andrews and the keeper, 
 most formally begins thus : " Mr. Hutchinson, you have now bene 
 " some dayes in prison, have you recollected yourselfe any more to 
 *' say then when I last spoke to you Y' Mr. Hutchinson answer'd, 
 " He had nothing to recollect, nor more to say." " Are you sure of 
 " that ?" sayd the secretary. " Very sure," sayd Mr. Hutchinson. 
 " Then," sayd Bennett, " you must return to prison." And accord- 
 ingly he was carried by the same guard back againe to the Tower, 
 where he was kept with a greale deale of strictnesse, and some 
 weekes before his wife was admitted to see him ; for whom, at the 
 last, Sr. Allen Apsley procur'd an order tliat she might visitt him, 
 but they limitted it that it must not be but in the presence of his 
 keeper. The lieftenant, in hope of a fee gave leave that her sonne 
 and daughter might goe into the roome with her, who elce must 
 have stood without doores; but he would not permitt her to take lodg- 
 ings in the Tower, which, being in a sharpe winter season, put her to 
 greate toyle and inconvenience, besides excessive charge of provid- 
 ing his meate att the Tower, and her company in another place : 
 meanwhile he was kept close prisoner, and had no ayre allow'd him, 
 but a payre of leads over his chamber, which were so high and cold 
 he had no benefitt by them ; and every night he had three doores 
 shutt upon him, and a centinell at the outmost. His chamber was 
 a roome where 'tis sayd the two young princes. King Edward the 
 Fifth and his brother, were murlhered in former dayes, and the 
 roome that led to it was a darke greate roome, that had no windore 
 in it, where the portcullis to one of the inward Tower gates Avas 
 drawn up and lett downe, under which there sate every night a 
 court of guard. There is a tradition, that in this roome the Duke of
 
 407 
 
 Clarence was drown'd in a but of malmsey ; from which murlher, 
 this roome and that ioyning it Avhere Mr. Hutchinson lay, was 
 called the Bloody Tower. Betweene Mr. Hutchinson's chamiocr and 
 the dark roome there was a doore, which ]\Ir. Hutchinson desir'd the 
 lieftenant might be left open in the night, because it left a little ne- 
 cessary house open to the chamber, which he and his man had occa- 
 sion of in the night, having gotten duxes with their bad accommo- 
 dations and diet : but the lieftenant Avould not allow it him, ail- 
 though, when that was open, there were two doorcs more shutt upon 
 him, and he could not have any way attempted any escape, but he 
 must, if it had bene possible to worke through the walls, have fallen 
 upon a court of guard. 
 
 Notwithstanding all this strictnesse, which Avas exercised alsoe to 
 most of the other prisoners, yet their owne centinells hated the lief- 
 tenant, and his Cerberus, Crfesset, because they cheated them, and 
 had nothing of generosity or bounty to engage the hearts of their 
 souldiers, who, seeing so much of their wickcdnesse, abhorr'd them, 
 and pittied the poore gentlemen that were so barbarously used by 
 them; and whether out of humanity, or necessity, or villany, I know 
 not, but they would ofi'er the prisoners many curtesies, and convey 
 letters betweene them. Mr. Hutchinson was never so imprudent to 
 trust any of them with his, having within an hower of his imprison- 
 ment bene instructed by another prisoner a safer and more conve- 
 nient Avay; yet Avas it their interest to use courteously all those that 
 ofFer'd themselves to doe them service. Among the rest, as he Avas 
 one day sitting by the fire, the centinell at the doore peept in his 
 head and call'd to him: " Sir," sayd he, " God blesse you! I have 
 " sometimes guarded you in another manner at the parliament 
 " house, and am griev'd to see the change of 3'our condition, and 
 " only take this employment now, to be more able to serve you, 
 " still hoping to see you restor'd to Avhat I have scene you." The 
 collonell not turning his head, told the man that language suited 
 
 3 I
 
 408 
 
 not the coate he wore, bade him mind his present duty, and told 
 him he had no employment of his service. " Well," sayd the soul- 
 dier, " I perceive, Sir, you dare not trust me, buL my Lady Vane 
 " and my Lady Lambert know me, and if you have any service to 
 " command me to them, I will bring you a testimony from them." 
 The collonell tooke no more notice of him, but the fellow, officious, 
 or hoping to gett niony, went to myLady Lambert's house, and 
 told her that he had formerly bene her husband's souldier, and that 
 he Avisht his restitution, and that he us'd sometimes to guard the 
 prisoners, and would carry her letters to any of them, and that he 
 had bene centinell lately att Collonell Hutchinson's chamber, and 
 Avould carry any thing she would s-end to him. She only bade him 
 remember her service to him, and tell him she wisht him liberty; 
 and the fellow flattering her Avith professing his love to her lord, she 
 expresst some pleasure Avith his speeches, and gave him some mony; 
 which her daughter considering, assoone as he Avas gone out told 
 her that she had done vuiAvarily to open hersclfe so much to one of 
 the souldiers in present employment, whom she did not know but 
 he might l)e sett on purpose to trapan her. My lady, to prevent 
 any inconvenience of her error, thought it the best Avay to goe im- 
 mediately and complaine that one of the souldiers had come to her 
 to trapan her, under coulour of a message from Coll. Hutchinson, 
 Avhicli she had not enterlain'd; and desir'd they might not be al- 
 low'd in anie such thing, protesting her OAvne loyalty and rcadincsse 
 to discover any that Avere false to them. This Avas extreamcly Avell 
 represented of her at the court, and as ill of Coll. Hutchinson, that 
 he had not done the like; and Coll. Leg, Avhose companie it was 
 that then had the guard of the Tower, Avas commanded to find out 
 and punish tliis souldier, Avho, it proov'd after, was a good honest 
 fellow, and was the only protestant in that companie, the rest being 
 most of them Irish and papists, and some rcbells. This poore fel- 
 low, having bene a parliament souldier, listed among them to get a
 
 409 
 
 living, but was very tender-hearted to the prisoners, and had a desire 
 to do them kindnesse. Hereupon he came to the colloneirs man 
 and desired ids master would not owne him, and that he would send 
 to my Lady Lambert to doe the same, which the coUonell did: but 
 when she was sent to by him, she sent a maid to see all the soul- 
 diers, who own'd the man, and he was put in prison, and cashier'd 
 and undone, for nothing but ofTering his service to have done the 
 prisoners slight services; and Coll. Hutchinson was ill thought of att 
 the court, because when Coll. Leg brought his men under the win- 
 dore of his prison, and came up to Mr. Hutchinson and desir'd him 
 to view them all, he would not accuse any of them, which if he 
 had, he would not only have cutt of his owne, but all the other 
 prisoners' wayes of sending to their friends abroad; yet he never 
 made use of this fellow, nor any of them, in any businesse of trust, 
 allthough he thought it not good to discourage any that appear'd to 
 wish them well, among so many bloody murtherers as they were 
 given up to. 
 
 The collonell endured his prison patiently till the triall of those 
 they caird conspirators in Yorkshire was over; but when he had 
 layne from November till Candlemasse terme in prison, he sent his 
 wife to Secretary Bennett to desire that such persons as had busi- 
 nesse with him might have the liberty to come to him. She had 
 before bene Avith some of the privie councell who were her hus- 
 band's friends and allies, to complain of his uniust imprisonment, 
 and his harsh usage there, contrary to all law, from the beginning 
 to the ending, even their owne lawes, and they had told her that 
 they were sensible of it, but that they only stood for ciphers, while 
 the chancellor and Bennett manag'd all things without their privity, 
 in most oppressive and illegall wayes." She, as she was advis'd, 
 
 • It was thought better to bring together here several observations relating to 
 Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and chancellor, Bennet, Earl of Arlington, and secretary.
 
 410 
 
 went therefore to Bennett and told him that, by reason of some en- 
 gagements for mony her husband had upon his estate, this very 
 close imprisonment had bene infinitely preiudiciall to him, both his 
 
 and Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham. The first is well known from his history 
 and letters to have been an unreasonable enemy to Presbytery a«d Presbyterians; 
 vhich prejudice induced him to persuade his royal master, whose confidence for a 
 c;reat length of time he almost entirely engrossed, to violate all his promises to them, 
 though gratitude as well as honour should have made him keep them. About this 
 time his credit began to diminish by the introduction of Bennet to be secretary of 
 state instead of IVicholas, who was the particular friend of Hyde. But at the period 
 here spoken of, this had taken effect but partially, and not enough to furnish for those 
 who were oppressed by the one, a succour in the opposition of the other; nor does 
 there appear much reason to hope for moderation in either. Who it was of the privy 
 council that gave Mrs. Hutchinson her information cannot be conjectured; but there 
 is no doubt that the too great ascendancy of the chancellor did, no long time after, 
 cause him to be impeached in parliament, and accused of all the misconduct of many 
 years. It was in vain that he endeavoured, in the written defence he sent to the par- 
 liament, to distribute the odium among the council in general: the information here 
 given to Mrs. Hutchinson obtained general belief; he was condemned, and died in 
 banishment. He very justly, in the same writing, attributes a good deal of the hatred 
 and bitterness which prevailed against him to his many refusals of setting the seal to 
 pardons and other indulgences. When among the speakers against him we see the 
 names of Maynard, St. John, Hampden, and Prynne,* we may well conclude that these 
 men, though they had a little temporized, were glad to assist in the downfal of the 
 man who had persecuted the more zealous of their former associates, and pleased to 
 see him sue for that clemency which his own former severity gave him good reason 
 to despair of. — Bennet was several years after impeached together with Buckingham, 
 the same wiio first entrapped and caused Col. Hutchinson to be seized, and whose 
 infamous letter the Marcjuis of Newcastle shewed the colonel. On this occasion he 
 employed his usual treachery, and criminated the earl, who was fain to save himself 
 from the indignation of the parliament by a total change of conduct; by practising 
 the hypocrisy he had recommended to Col. Hutchinson of frequenting the comuiuaion 
 of a church he was averse to, and persecuting the papists, whom lie had piuUcttd, 
 and wished to protect. On account of his conduct a strict enquiry was made by tlie 
 commons concerning the coiinnilment of persons by order of council, and amend- 
 ments were made in the Habeas Corpus act, which, if they bad existed in tJie colonel's 
 time, would have preserved him from his long and unjust imprisonment. — Bucking- 
 
 * liapin, vol. ii. p. G43.
 
 411 
 
 tenants and his creditors taking advantages of his incapacitie, by 
 reason of his close restreint, to defend himselfe, or to speake with 
 lawy>.>rs or others about affaires that necrely concerned his estate, 
 besides the neglect of all his businesse, and the intollerable charge 
 and niconvenience of his disorder'd famely, disperst into three seve- 
 ral! places, which would suddenly bring mine upon his whole fa- 
 mely, besides the destruction of his health. Bennett told her, her 
 husband was a very unfortunate person in regard of his former 
 crimes. She told him, she had rather hoped he had bene hap])ie in 
 being compriz'd in the act of oblivion, Avhich allow'd him not to be 
 remember'd as a criminall, and that she had chosen to make her 
 addresses to him in this occasion, because some of the councell 
 had told her the king left all the management of these things lo 
 him. He was very urgent with her to know who it was that in- 
 form'd her that he was the sole actor in these businesses; but she 
 desir'd to be excus'd for naming any author in that thing, whicli 
 
 ham, after bringing the family of Fairfax to extinction by marrying and shghting his 
 daughter, heightening and exposing his master's vices, and passing his whole life in 
 playing, by countless alternations, the parts of traitor and sycophant, died in disgrace 
 and beggary, and, to sum all up in that which to him would be the greatest suffering, 
 his memory remains hung up to ridicule in the chains of never-dying satire by Pope, 
 in some of the best lines he has written. 
 
 To those ,who believe in the peculiar interposition of God in human affairs, as 
 our author did, it must be very striking, and to her, if she lived to witness it, hi"-hly 
 gratifying, to observe this course of events. Mr. Hutchinson's three great enemies, 
 Buckingham, Clarendon, and Arlington, ruin each other, and two of them. Clarendon 
 and Arlington, without the design of doing any thing so good, laid the foundations of 
 an alliance which furnished the assertors of British liberty and toleration with a cham- 
 pion who overthrew, ^t is hoped never to rise again, despotism ^in church and state: 
 for Clarendon obtained of Charles the Second to constrain his brother to marry his 
 daughter, whom he had dishonoured: she brought him tlie Princesses Mary and Anne, 
 successively queens of England : and Bennet, Earl of Arlington, to gain himself popu- 
 larity in a moment of need, first propos'd thejnatch between Mary and the Prince of 
 Orange, afterwards William the Third!
 
 412 
 
 she had not mention'd but that she thought it his honor to owne: 
 but he told her, he would not move for any more liberty for her 
 husband then he had, unlesse he could be secur'd it might be done 
 with more safety to his maiesty then he could apprehend it. 
 " But," sayd he, " Mrs. Hutchinson, I have some papers of yours 
 *' which I would shew, not to examine you, but to see whether you 
 " will informe me aniething of them." She told him she had curi- 
 osity enough to see aniething that past under her name; whereupon 
 he call'd forth his man, who brought out a greate bundle of papers, 
 call'd examinations, taken at Grantham, of passages betweene Mrs. 
 Hutchinson and Mrs. Vane. First he shew'd her a character which 
 contein'd ciphers for the names of many gentlemen and weomen 
 Avho were not very distant neighbours, with others whom she knew 
 not at all. She told him she understood nothing att all of that 
 paper: then he turn'd downe the rest, and shew'd her a letter, be- 
 ginning, " My deare Amaranta;" Avhich she told him she knew not 
 att all. " But," sayd he, " you will yet owne your owne hand;" and 
 shew'd her among these papers the copie of the letter that was 
 sent to the house of parliament in her husband's name, written in 
 her hand, which when she saw she was a little confounded, won- 
 derino- how it should come into his hands; but she told him that she 
 could not absolutely say that was her writing, though it had some 
 resemblance: and so when she had againe urg'd the businesse she 
 came for, and could obleine nothing from him, she went away, and 
 left in the roome with the secretary Sr. Robert Biron, a cousin- 
 german of her husband's, Avho was by chance come in thither upon 
 some businesse of liis owne, and had stood by Avhile she urg'd to 
 the secretary the mischiefe and mine her husbaird's imprisonment 
 brought upon his famely and estate. Assoone as she was gone the 
 secretary told Sr. Robert that he had heard Mrs. Hutchinson relate 
 the sad condition of her husband and his house; " and," sayd he, 
 " you may here take notice how the iustice of God pursues those
 
 413 
 
 " murllierers, that, though the king pardon'd both his life and 
 " estate, by the hand of the devine iuslice they were now hke to 
 " come to mine for that crime:" which words being told Mr. Hutch- 
 inson, he laught nuich at the simple folly of the man, that could 
 call his ownc illegall persecutions and oppressions of innocence the 
 iudgements of God. The papers which he shew'd Mrs. Hutch- 
 inson she after learnt to have bene some letters betweene Mrs. 
 Vane, one of Sr., Henry Vane's daughters, and one Mrs. Hutch- 
 inson, a gentlewoman that us'd to come thither, fiU'd with such 
 frivolous intelligence of private amours and intrigues as youno- 
 people use to communicate to their confidents, and such as any 
 wise statesman would have beiiev'd himselfe affronted to have had 
 brought to him, and not made such pollitick enquiries, and im- 
 prisoned those with whom they were found, about so unconcernino- 
 a matter. 
 
 Mr. Henry Ncvill and I\Ir. Salloway had bene put into the 
 Tower about the same suspition they had of Mr. Hutchinson, a 
 northerne plott, for which there was a peculiar assizes, and some 
 men Avere executed; and the iudges, at their relurne, sayd that 
 their confessions allmost amounted to treasoil; but that allmost 
 served their turnes. Assoone as those assizes were past Mr. Hutch- 
 inson sent to Mr. Nevill and Mr. Salloway that he thought it now 
 time for them to endeavour their liberty, and therefore desir'd to 
 know what course they intended to proceed in, that they might all 
 take one way. They both sent Mr. Hutchinson word that they 
 look'd upon him as the best befriended, and they were resolv'd to 
 see first what successe he had, and to make him their leadins; card. 
 Hereupon he, fearfull to doe aniething that they could not, sate 
 still deliberating, while they, without giving him the least notice, 
 wrought their owne liberties secret]}^, Mr. Nevill desiring to travell, 
 and Mr. Salloway making such a false, flattering petition, that no 
 honest man could make such another, and a lesse after his would
 
 414 
 
 Lave but more exasperated. It tooke so, that immediately he had 
 his hberty, both of them taking some oathes to confirme their loy- 
 ahy, which were given them by the clearke of the Tower/ Tliey 
 had a mind at court Mr. Hutchinson should have made such an- 
 other petition, and therefore Salloway's was shew'd to a friend of 
 his; the words of which were, " That since God by his miraculous 
 " providence had set his maiestie over us, he had acquiesc'd thanke- 
 " fully under it, and never, not so much as in thought, made a 
 " wish against it;" and promises of the hke nature: which perhaps 
 were no truer then the professions, for they were utterly false ; for 
 at his first coming into the Tower no man had mutter'd more then 
 he, who scarce refrein'd even blasphemies against God himselfe tor 
 bringing him into bondage. After his release he went to their com- 
 mon prayer, and pleas'd them so well that 'twas sayd they would 
 give him an office. But when they found that, notwithstanding 
 their hint, Mr. Hutchinson Avould not follow his example, their mal- 
 lice grew very bitter against him at the court, insomuch that a gen- 
 tleman havino- treated with Mrs. Hutchinson for a neice of his, to 
 whom he was guardian, that Avould have bene a convenient fortune 
 for her sonne, the chancellor sent for the gendeman and peremp- 
 torily forbade him to proceed in the affaire,' and openly sayd, " he 
 " must keepe their famely downe." 
 
 Mr. Hutchinson was not at all dismay'd, but wonderfully pleas'd 
 with all these things, and told his wife this captivity was the hap- 
 
 ' Mr. Nevill, as just before mentioned, liad acted with steadiness and integrity; 
 Mr. Sallovvay had been more variable, and was both of tlie council of state, of the 
 rump parliament, of the committee of safety, and council of officers. 
 
 6 What base and atrocious malice! yet tins was the virtuous Lord Clarendon ! 
 This method of alternately persecuting those whom they suspect, and suspecting 
 those they persecute,- has for ever been the practice of bad ministers, and has for ever 
 created rebels, and will for ever continue to create new ones in the place of those 
 they destroy.
 
 415 
 
 piest release in the world to him; for before, allthough he had made 
 no express engagement, yet, in regard his life and estate had bene 
 freely left him, when they' tooke away others, he thought himselfe 
 oblieg'd to sitt still all the while this king reign'd, whatever opertu- 
 nity he might have; but noAV he thought this usage had utterly dis- 
 oblieg'd him from all ties either of honor or conscience, and that 
 he was free to act as prudence should hereafter lead him, and that 
 he thought not his liberty out of prison Avorth the purchase by any 
 future engagement, which would againe fetter him in obligations to 
 such persons as every day more and more manifested themselves 
 enemies to all iust and godly interests. He therefore charg'd his 
 wife tliat she should not make applications to any person whatso- 
 ever, and made it his earnest request to Sr/Allen Apsley to let him 
 stand and fall to his owne innocency, and to undertake nodiing for 
 him, which, if he did, he told him he would disowne. Mrs. Hutch- 
 inson remembering how much she had displeased him in saving 
 him before, submitted now to suffer with him, according to his owne 
 will,'' who as he would doe nothing that might entangle him for his 
 freedome, so he patiently suffer'd their uniust bondage, and had 
 no guilt found in liim; yet was cruelly and mallitiousl}^ persecuted 
 and hated, and criminalls, with threats and promises, were tried all 
 wayes to see if they could have brought out any accusation against 
 him, but all they could arrive to was only that he was an un- 
 chang'd person, yet they kept him still as close prisoner as at the 
 first. After Salloway was releas'd, Sr. Allen Apsley asking the 
 chancellor why his brother was not as well let out as Sallowaj'; 
 
 •■ There does not appear reason for supposing that Col. Hutchinson had any 
 distinct prospect of manifesting his sentiments with effect, nor can these declarations 
 be accounted for upon any principle but that of general disdain. The complete and 
 generous attacluncnt of Mrs. Hntchinson deserves a higher term: if our language 
 would admit of it, as the French does divouement, we should call it devotion.
 
 416 
 
 " What," sajd the cliancellor, " make jou no difference betweene 
 "your brother and Sallowayr" Sr. Allen replied, he thought his 
 brother as innocent. " Surely," sayd the chancellor, " there is a 
 " greate difference; Salloway conforms to the government, and goes 
 *' to church, but your brother is the most unchang'd person of the 
 " party." 
 
 The collonell at last with some other prisoners were deliberating 
 to sue out a Habeas Corpus, and in order thereunto sent to the 
 lieftenant of the Tower to desire a copie of the warrant whereby he 
 stood committed, which indeed was so unperfect, that he could not 
 legally be kept upon that, for there was neither his Christen name 
 nor any place of residence mention'd in it, so that any other 
 Hutchinson might have as well bene kept upon it as he; but 
 the lieftenant refus'd to give him a copie, and his iaylor told the 
 prisoner it was alter'd after they had kept him 4 or 5 months in 
 prison: then the collonell wrilt to Bennett, but neither could he 
 obteine any copie of his commitment from him. 
 
 After this a friend gave him notice that they had a designe to 
 transport him to some island or plantation; whereupon he writt 
 a narrative of his imprisonment, and procur'd it to be secretly 
 printed, to have left behind him, if he had bene sent away, to ac- 
 quaint the parliament, which was then shortly to assemble, and 
 to leave with his friends; but he kept them in the mean time pri- 
 vately.' 
 
 ' At the time of Col. Hutchinson's imprisonment tlie parliament were so devoted 
 to the views of the court that they might very likely have taken little notice of his 
 representations. Many years elapsed before they animadverted as they ought upon 
 such arbitrary and unjust proceedings. Probably the time will never arrive when par- 
 liaments will become sensible of the solecism of making good laws and then dispensing 
 with the execution of them. The fact is, that governors and makers of laws seldom 
 feel the effects of them in their own persons : to the governed, any variableness destroys 
 the benefit of all law.
 
 417 
 
 At length, through the Hes that the Heftenaiit of the Tower made 
 of his prisoners, and the malhcc of their wicked persecutors, who 
 envied even the bread which charity sent in, to feed some of the 
 men Mhose estates were wholly taken away, warrants were sio-ned 
 for carrying away most of the prisoners, some to Tangier, and to 
 other barbarous and distant places: among the rest Coll. Hutciiinson 
 was design'd to the Isle of Man, which Sr, Allen Apsley hearing of, 
 told the king he had some private businesse of trusts with the col- 
 lonell concerning his owne estate, for which he oblein'd that he 
 might be respited 3 months, and have liberty for lawyers to come 
 to him. But when the colloncll heard of it, he was more displeas'd 
 with this petty favour then with all their rigour, and resolv'd to have 
 done something to reverse it, but that his wife perswaded him to 
 rest till she made a short voyage into the country to fetch him sup- 
 plies, which he did. 
 
 Assoone as she was gone, the lieftenant of the Tower sent his 
 iaylor, ]\[r. Edward Cresset, early in the morning, upon the l6th 
 day of April 1664, to fetch Mr. Hutchinson to his lodgings, whither 
 being come. Cresset Avithdrew, and the lieftenant told Mr. Hutch- 
 inson that he had bene civill to him in permitting his children to 
 come to him with their mother, and yet he had not paj^d him his 
 fees and dues, although that warrant which allow'd the access of his 
 •wife did not mention his children, and therefore he now demanded 
 his dues. Mr. Hutchinson told him, " At his departure out of the 
 " Tower he should not be behind hand with him for the civillity of 
 " suffering his children to come to him." Robinson replied, " That 
 " signified nothing, he expected his dues, and would have them." 
 Mr. Hutchinson answer'd, " His was not every prisoner's condition, 
 " for he had bene now 24 weekes kept close prisoner, and yctt never 
 " knew accuser nor accusation against him, and therefore he should 
 " desire to consider before he parted irom his mony ; but for any 
 " civill ities he should repay them." Robinson sayd, " He medled
 
 418 
 
 " with no man's crimes, but whither guilty or not guilty, he ex- 
 " pected his tlues, which he could recover by law if they were 
 " refus'd." Mr. Hutchinson asking, " What they were ?" He sayd, 
 " Fifty pounds." Further demanding, " By what law they were 
 " due, soe as he could recover them ?" Robinson answer'd, " By 
 " custome." Mr. Hutchinson told him, " He was confident that 
 " pretence would not recover them ; and if he thought it would, he 
 " would goe to a civill and faire triall with him the next terme; yett 
 " due or not due, what civillities he either had or should afford him, 
 " he would recompence at parting." Robinson answer'd, " He 
 *' stood upon his right, and he would make Mr. Hutchinson, or 
 " somebody elce, pay it." Mr. Hutchinson told him, " He knew 
 " not who he meant by somebody elce, but if his liberty were taken 
 " from him without any reason that he knew, he would not soe part 
 *' with his mon}', if he could help it." He then, in anger, sayd, 
 " He would lock him up close, and let nobody come att him." 
 Mr. Hutchinson told him, " He could be lock'd no closer then he 
 " had bene all this time, and he hoped he would not forbid those 
 " comming to him who had warrant from the secretary; for the rest 
 " he might use his pleasure." He, in fury, commanded to take 
 away Mr. Hutchinson, and lock him up that no person might come 
 at him ; and gave order at the Tower gates to keepe out his children 
 and all his relations that should come to enquire for him ; and he 
 sent word to Sericant Fountaine who had an order lo come in, that 
 he should not be admitted, although his businesse was of greale con- 
 cernment to others, and not to Coll. Hutcliinson, who being a trus- 
 tee for some of his relations, was to have made some settlements in 
 their affaires ; which could not be done, but they, to their prciudice, 
 were forc'd to so without it. Although his commands were executed 
 to the full, yet Mr. Hutchinson's eldest sonne found mcanes to 
 s leale into the Tower, and to informe his father ofa niallilious lie 
 that the lieftenant had made of him at court, that day that he fell
 
 419 
 
 out wilh him ; wliich was this. — Robinson told the king, that when 
 Mr. Henningham and others were carried out of the Tower to be 
 shipt away, Mr. Hutchinson looking out of his Avindore bad iheni 
 take courage, they should yet have a day for it. This lie comminp- 
 to Mr. Hutchinst>n's knowledge the 19th of April, moov'd him more 
 then all his other base usage ; whereupon he writt a letter to Robin- 
 son to tell him he should have had a care of provoking his prisoners 
 to speake, who had so much expos'd himselfe to every one of them; 
 and to let him know what he himselfe had observ'd and could proove, 
 he drew it up into certeine heads, which he told him, if he continued 
 his vile usage of him, he would publish. The articles were: 
 
 1st. That Robinson had affirra'd that the king gave no allowance 
 to his prisoners, not so much as to those Avho had all their estates 
 taken from them ; and accordingly he gave them none, but con- 
 verted what the king allow'd to his owne use, and threat'ned some 
 of the prisoners with death if they ofFer'd to demand it ; and suffer'd 
 others, at twelve of the clock in the night, to make such a miserable 
 outcric for bread, that it was heard into some parts of the city, and 
 one was absolutely starv'd to death for want of reliefe; although the 
 king at that time told a prisoner, that he tooke more care for the 
 prisoners then for his OAvne table. 
 
 2d. That he sett downe to the king seven pounds a weeke for one 
 prisoner, for whom he never lay'd out above 27 or 30 shillings a 
 weeke at the most. 
 
 3d. That he not only kept back the prisoner's allowances, but 
 exacted of them excessive rents for bare prison lodgings, and empty 
 warders houses unfurnisht; and if they have not punctually pa^^'d 
 him, hath stifled them up by close imprisonment, without any order, 
 allthough he knew they had not a penny to buy bread, but what 
 came from the charity of good people. 
 
 4th. That he receiv'd sallary of the king for forty warders, and
 
 420 
 
 Lad not neere so many, but fill'd up the list with false names, and 
 tooke the pay to himselfe. 
 
 5th. That when he had recciv'd mony for those warders he kept, 
 he had detein'd it many months, to his owne use, while the poore 
 men were thereby in miserable wants. 
 
 6"th. That he sold the wardeis places, and lett them houses at a 
 deare rate, and yet tooke the most considerable prisoners, which 
 ought to have bene committed to them, into his owne house, and 
 made them pay him excessive rates for bed-roomes, and sett his man 
 Cressett over them, making them pay him for attendance, what the 
 warders should have had. 
 
 7. That he made many false musters in his owne company be- 
 longing to the Tower, and though he had receiv'd the souldier's 
 mony, was runne in arrears to them five or six pounds a man; at 
 which they cruelly murmur'd, because by this meanes their main- 
 tenance was streightned, and their duty brought more frequent upon 
 them. 
 
 8lh. Tliat notwithstanding all his defrawding, oppressive, and 
 exacting wayes of raysing mony, he had ungratefully complain'd of 
 the king's scanty recompence of his service. 
 
 9- That after the sterving of the poore prisoners and their miser- 
 able outcrie, when shame forc'd him to allow about a dozen poore 
 tradesmen ten shillings a piece," though at that time he receiv'd forty 
 of the king for each of them, he and his man Cressett denied the 
 king's allowance, and sayd it was his owne charity. 
 
 10th. That he was frequently drunk, out of the Tower till tAvelve, 
 one, and two of the clock, and threatned one of the warders, who 
 
 '' It hence appears that many more in number^ and persons of a different descrip- 
 tion from what other accounts mention, were made prisoners of state at this time.
 
 421 
 
 came one night to fetch him home, with Newgate, and spited him 
 ever after. 
 
 All these things being notoriously true, this letter put him into a 
 greute rage, and no lesse dread that the collouel, as lie had threatncd 
 him, would pubhsh it ; Avhereupon he, assoone as these things were 
 lay'd to his charge, within ten daycs he pay'd liis souklicrs 15 months 
 pay of 22 due to them when the letter was written. He having all 
 that while kept back eighteene pence a wecke out of every soul- 
 dier's pay, and the souldiers understanding that Coll. Hutchinson's 
 observations of his frawd had procur'd them this satisfac lion, us'd 
 to give him thankes when they came to stand centinells at his 
 doore. 
 
 Presently after he receiv'd the letter, he went to Sr. Allen Apsley 
 and complain'd to him that the collonell had sent him a vile letter, 
 but did not shew it Sr. Allen, as he sent word to the collonell he 
 would; whereupon Sr. Allen Apsley sent Mr. George Hutchinson 
 Avith a letter to Sr. John Robinson, to tell him that if he would let 
 him goe to his brother, he doubted not but he would be a good 
 meanes to perswade the collonell to pay him fees, and to reconcile 
 differences between them. Sr. John, upon the 21st of Aprill, went 
 allong with Mr. George Hutchinson to his brother, and at his en- 
 trance, in a passion began to quarrell at the collonell's sower lookes; 
 who told him, if he had knowne they would not have plcas'd him, 
 and had had notice of his comming, he would have sett them in a 
 glasse for him. Then Robinson told him, in a rage, he had written 
 him a libell. Mr. Hutchinson answer'd it was no libell, for he had 
 sett his name to it, and it was truths, which if he put him to, he 
 could proove by sufficient testimonies. Whereupon he fell into hor- 
 rible rayling and cruell language, but by Mr. George Hutchinson's 
 interposition at length all was pacified, and he was fairely going out 
 of the roome with Mr. George Hutchinson, when his man Cressett 
 niiuding him that the collonell had a fowle copie of his letter, and
 
 422 
 
 had sayd he would send it Sr. Allen, who had desir'd to see it; 
 Robinson resolv'd to take that draught away from him ; but the col- 
 lonell foreseing that, had sent copies of it long before out of the 
 Tower, which Robinson's dull head not dreaming of, came back 
 and insolently commanded the collonell to give him the first draught 
 of the letter. The collonell desir'd to be excus'd, whereupon Robin- 
 son sayd he Avould have his pocketts searcht, and accordingly bad 
 Cressett feele in them. He, a little moov'd, tooke a bottle in his 
 hand, and bad Cressett forbeare if he lov'd his head, and told Sr. 
 John if he had any warrant to search him from the king or councell 
 he would submitt to it, but otherwise he would not sufter it, espe- 
 cially for a paper wliich was only of private concernment betweene 
 them ; for all this, when Sr. John saw that Cressett durst not ap- 
 proach the collonell, he commanded one Wale, a warder, to search 
 his pocketts, who comming with entreaties to the collonell to per- 
 mit! it, he suifer'd him ; and then the lieftenant caus'd a little dress- 
 ing box which the collonell had to be open'd, and tooke away all 
 the papers he found in it, among Avhicli there was one wherein the 
 collonell had written a verse out of the 43d psalme, it was the first 
 verse, to be ioyn'd wiUi a narrative of his imprisonment, that he had 
 provided to leave behind him for the satisfaction of his friends. This 
 paper Robinson carried to court, and sayd, that by the deceitfull 
 and uniust man the collonell intended the king, although the appli- 
 cation was of his owne making. In the meane time, while they were 
 ransacking his box and pocketts Robinson fell a rayling att the col- 
 lonell, giving him the base termes of Rebell and Murtherer, and 
 such language as none could have learnt, but such as had bene con- 
 versant among the civill society of Pickt-hatch, Turnbull-streete, 
 and Billings-gate, neere which last place the heroe had his educa- 
 tion.' When the collonell patiently told him he transgrest the act 
 
 ' In a former note we remarked that the evils of imprisonment were considerably 
 enhanced by the custody of prisons, and peculiarly prisons of state being committed
 
 423 
 
 of oblivion ; he sayd he knew that well enough, and bad him sue 
 out his remcdie; then in fury and rage turn'd out the collonell's ser- 
 vant out of his chamber, who had bene lockt up with him all the 
 time of hisr imprisonment, and left him altogether unattended, which 
 having never bene before in his whole life, put him into a cold and 
 a flux, Avith a feaveiish distemper: but the greatenesse of his mind 
 was not broken by the feebleness of his constitution, nor the bar- 
 barous inhumanity of his iaylors, Avhich he receiv'd with disdaine 
 and laught at them, but lost not anger on them. 
 
 After these things, Mrs. Hutchinson comming out of tiie country 
 was, by the lieutenant's order denied to see her husband, but at her 
 lodgings found letters from him convey 'd to her every day, spite of 
 all his guards ; and thereupon she writt to Robinson to desire to 
 know whither the secretary had countermanded her first order to see 
 her husband, or whither he denied obedience to it: whereupon 
 Robinson sent to her to come to him the next day, but when she 
 came he was gone forth, and she was not admitted within the gates, 
 and thereupon she Avent back to her lodgings and writt him a smart 
 letter, and sent him with it a copie of her husband's letter, which 
 she told him she would publish, and not suffer him to be murther'd 
 to extort undue mony from him. The next day, being the Lord's 
 day, he sent one of the warders to entreate her to come to her hus- 
 
 to persons' of low education and sordid mind; it is here strongly exemplified and 
 doubly painful must it have been to Mrs. Hutchinson to witness the unworthy treat- 
 ment her husband now received, and to compare it with that which the persons con- 
 fined in this same place had experienced from her father, a man of liberal and noble 
 mind. Considering the prejudice which reigns against prisons and prisoners, and 
 therefore how few visit them, and how few prisoners dare make observations or re- 
 monstrances, it is to be icared many abuses pass unknown and uncorrected ; it is but 
 once, in ages, that there appears a Howard ! These considerations ought to render the 
 guardians of the public welfare extremely tender of the liberty of individuals: but if 
 such things as state prisons be at all necessary, then to provide for their being super- 
 intended by gentlemen, and men of liberal and benevolent minds. 
 
 3 L
 
 -Ui 
 
 424 
 
 band, and ihc blood-hound Cressett met her at the gate, and led 
 her to her husband, and left her all the day alone with him, which 
 they had never before done all the time of his prison ; and in the 
 evening Sr. John Robinson sent for her, and partly expostulated with 
 her and partly flaller'd, and told her her husband had bene sent to 
 the Isle of Man,™ but that he in kindnesse had procur'd a better 
 place for him, and that he was not covetous, but since her husband 
 Avould not pay him fees, he might use his pleasure, and site and his 
 children and relations might freely goe to him. She receiv'd this as 
 befitted her, being in his hands, and knowing, that not good nature, 
 but feare she would have printed him, moov'd him to this gentler 
 course, as she luiderstood, both by the enquiries his servants made 
 of the collonell's warder concerning her intentions, and by Robinson's 
 continuing, notwithstanding all this dissimulation, to make a thou- 
 sand false insinuations of the collonell every where, and to do him 
 all ill offices at court; if there were not a more abominable wicked- 
 iiesse then all this, a lingering poyson given him, which though wee 
 had not wickednesse enough to suspect then, the events that have 
 since ensued make a little doubtfull. It is ccrtaine that Cressett did 
 make that attempt upon Sr. Henry Vane and others, and tw^o or 
 three dayes before tlic collonell was sent away, brought into his 
 chamber, when he came to lock him up at night, a bottle of excel- 
 lent wine, under pretence of kindnesse, which he, the collonell, and 
 the warder drunke together, and the warder and the collonell both 
 died within foure months ; the collonell presently after falling sick, 
 
 "" An exile, for the second time, to the Isle of Man is mentioned. Had the co- 
 / f^ lonel, or his fiiends, been properly informed, they would not have wished to exchange 
 
 C^ U^^-if' it for the flat coast of Kent. In our times, when it has become the retreat of the gaj; 
 
 / ■ / and imprudent, it must seem strange to hear it spoken of as a spot to be dreaded. Had 
 
 InAJi' i-Hyiyiyi'^f ^ jjg been sent there he would very likely have lived to see the downfal of his enemies. 
 
 / /I J lie uccil »l-lit Liicit; lit wuuiu vtiy iiKciy iitivc iivcu lu snj tiic uuwiiitii ui iiis ciiciiiica, 
 
 ■i/)fjf f ^'^ /^U ^/ ^"'^^ \\A^c returned to shine in the autumn of life as aa evening sun^ when his virtues 
 / / \t-J' r. * would have been recognized and revered. 
 
 A IP 
 
 /-jy C. <■' wouiu uuve uecu ictoj^ 
 
 /L-Uw-r C' i"tM'^^4i\f 
 
 Ui,di> (//.^//i^</^' ^'^^^f'^-^ 
 
 y. 
 
 in\ lAt
 
 425 
 
 but very iinsuspitious, and wee must leave it to the greate day, when 
 all crimes, how secret soever, will be made manifest, whither they 
 added poyson to all the other iniquity whereby they certeinly mur- 
 ther'd this guiltlesse servant of God. 
 
 A few dayes after, att nine of the clock att night, after his wife 
 was gone from him, Cressett brought the collonell a Avarrant, to tell 
 him that he must, the next morning tide, goe downe to Sandown 
 Castle, in Kent; which he was not surpris'd at, it being the bar- 
 barous custome of that place to send away the prisoners, when they 
 had no knowledge, nor time to accommodate themselves for their 
 iourney ; but instead of putting him into a boate at the mornino- 
 tide, about eight of the clock Sr. Henry Wroth came with a party 
 of horse to receive him of the lieftcnant, and finding him sick, and 
 not well able to endure riding in the heate of the day, Avas so civill 
 to let him goe by Avater in the evening tide to Gravesend, Avith a 
 guard of souldiers in boates hired at his owne charge, Avhere the 
 horse guard mett him. By these meanes he got opertunity to take 
 leave of his children that Avere in towne, and about 4 of the clock 
 was sent out of the ToAver^ Avith one Gregory, design'd to be his 
 felloAV prisoner ; Avho going over the draAvbridge, turn'd back to the 
 lieftcnant, and told him he Avould have accepted it as a greater 
 mercy if the king had commanded him to be sliott to death there, 
 rather then to send him to a distant place to be sterv'd, he having 
 nothing but his trade to maintaine him, and his friends, from Avliom 
 he should now be so farre remoov'd that he could expect "notliino-. 
 The lieftcnant in scorne told him, he Avent Avith a charitable man 
 that Avould not suffer him to sterve, whereby he expos'd the mallice 
 of their intentions to the collonell; Avho thouoht it not enough to 
 send him to a farre prison not much differing from exile, but to 
 
 " This Gregory seems to have been a low man, but had probabh^ commanded a 
 company in some of" the city regiments during t!ic latter times of the parliament.
 
 426 
 
 charge him wilh a companion, which however his kindnesse might 
 have render'd him charitable to, yet they ought not to have putt 
 upon him, neither would the collonell take notice of their impo- 
 sition, though he design'd kindnesse to the man, had he bene worthy 
 of it. 
 
 The collonell's wife and children gott a boate and follow'd him 
 to Gravesend, whither alsoe Gregories wife, and one that call'd him 
 brother, went, and that night all the company and all the guards 
 supt at the colloneirs charge, and many of the guards lay in the 
 chamber with him, who, with the refreshment of the evening ayre, 
 and the content he tooke to be out of Robinson's claws, found him- 
 selfe, or thi'ough the livelinesse of his spiritt fancied himselfe, some- 
 thing better then he was in the Tower. The next morning, very 
 early, his guards hurried him away on horseback ; but, to speake 
 truth, they were civill to him. His sonne went allong with him to 
 see the place he was sent to, and Sr. Allen Apsley had procur'd an 
 order for his servant to continue Avith him in the prison ; his wife 
 went back to London, to stay there to provide him such accommo- 
 tion as she should heare he had need of. 
 
 When he came to the castle, he found it a lamentable old ruin'd 
 place, allmost a mile distant from the towne, the roomes all out of 
 rcpaire, not Aveather-free, no kind of accommodation either for 
 lodging or diet, or any convenicncy of life. Before he came, there 
 were not above halfe a dozen souldiers in it, and a poore lieftenant 
 with his Avife and children, and tAvo or three cannoneers, and a fcAv 
 guns allmost dismounted, upon rotten carriages ; but at the collonell's 
 comming thither, a company of foote more Avere sent from Dover to 
 helpe guard the place, piuifuU Aveake fellows, halfe sterv'd and eaten 
 up with vermine, Avhom the governor of Dover cheated of halfe their 
 pa}^ and the other halfe they -spent in drinke. These had no beds, 
 but a nasty court of guard, Avhere a sutler liv'd, Avithin a partition 
 made of boards, Avith his wife and famely, and this was all the ac-
 
 427 
 
 comniodation the collonell had for his victualls, which was bought 
 at a deare rate at the towne, and most horribly drest at the sutlers. 
 For beds he was forc'd to send to an inne in the towne, and at a 
 most unconscionable rate hire three, for himselfe and his man and 
 Captaine Gregorie, and to get his chamber glaz'd, which was a 
 thorowfarc roome, that had five doores in it, and one of them open'd 
 upon a platforme, tliat had nothing but the bleake ayre of the sea, 
 Avhich every tide washt the foote of the castle walls ; which ayre 
 made the chamber so unwholsome and damp, that even in the sum- 
 mer time the coUonell's hat-case and trunkes, and every thing of 
 leather, would be every day all cover d over with mould, wipe them 
 as cleane as 3'^ou could one morning, by the next they would mouldie 
 againe; and though the walls were foure yards thick, yet it rain'd 
 in through cracks in them, and then one might sweepe a peck of 
 saltpeter of of them ever}- day, Avhich stood in a perpetuall sweate 
 upon them. Notwithstanding all this, the collonell was very cheere- 
 fuD and made the best shifts he could, Avilh things as he found 
 them; Avhen the lieftenant's wife, seing his stomack could not well 
 beare his food, ofFer'd to bord him, and so he and his man dieted 
 with her for twenty shillings a Aveeke, he finding wine besides,* and 
 linnen, &c. Whilst the sutler provided his meate, Gregory eate 
 Avith him ; but when he tabled Avith the captaine, Gregories sonne 
 comming to him, he had his meate from the tOAvne, and soone after 
 a Avoman came downe avIio left not the man destitute and comfort- 
 lesse. The Avorst part of the coUonell's sufferings in this prison, Avas 
 the company of this fellow, Avho being a felloAv prisoner, and poore, 
 and the collonell having no particular retreate, he could not Avholly 
 decline his company, and he being a carnall person, Avithout an}' 
 feare of God, or any good, but rather scandalous conversation, he 
 could take no pleasure in him; meane while many of his friends gave 
 caution to his Avife concerning him, as suspecting him a Irapaner, 
 Avhich Avee had after some cause to feare.
 
 428 
 
 The captaine of the castle, one Freeman, had all this while a 
 chamber which was a little warmer, and had a bed in it, but this 
 he reserv'd, intending to sett a rate upon it, and this too was so 
 darke one could not have read by the fire or the bedside without a 
 candle at noon day. 
 
 When the coUonell's wife understood her husband's bad accom- 
 modation, she made all the means she could by her friends to pro- 
 cure liberty that she might be in the castle with him, but that was 
 absolutely denied; whereupon she and her sonne and daughter went 
 to Deale, and there tooke lodgings, from whence they walk'd every 
 day on foote to dinner and back againe at night, wdth horrible toyle 
 and inconvenience, and procur'd the caplaine's w ife to diet them with 
 the collonell, where they had meate good enough, but through the 
 poverty of the j^eople, and their wants of all necessaries, and the 
 faculty to order things as they should be, it was very inconvenient 
 to them, yet the collonell endur'd it so chearefuUy that he was never 
 more pleasant and contented in his whole life. When no other re- 
 creations Avere left him, he diverted himselfe with sorting and shad- 
 dowing cockle shells which his wife and daughter gather'd for him, 
 with as much delioht as he us'd to take in the richest aaathes and 
 onixes he could compasse with the most artificiall engravings, which 
 were things, when he recreated himselfe from more serious studies, 
 he as much delighted in as any piece of art. But his fancy shew'd 
 itselfe so excellent in sortino- and dressino; these shells, that none of 
 us could imitate it, and the cockles began to be admir'd by severall 
 persons that saw them. These were but his trifling diversions, his 
 businesse and continuall study was the scripture, Avhicli the more he 
 converst in, the more it deli"lited him ; insonmch that his wife 
 having brought downesome bookes to entertaine him in his solli- 
 tude, he thank'd her, and told her that if he should continue as long 
 as he liv'd in prison, he would reade nothing there but his Bible. 
 His wife bore all her owne toyles ioyfuUy enough for the love of
 
 429 
 
 him, but could not but be very sad at the sight of his undeserved 
 sufferings; and he would very sweetely and kindly chide her for it, 
 and tell her that if she were but chearefull, he should think this suf- 
 fering the happiest thing that ever befell him; he would alsoc bid 
 her consider what reason she had to rcioyce that the Lord supported 
 him, and how much more intollcrable it would have bene, if the 
 Lord had suffer'd his spiritt to have sunke, or his patience to have 
 bene lost under this. One day when she was weeping, after he had 
 said many things to comfort her, he gave her reasons why she should 
 hope and be assur'd that this cause would revive, because the in- 
 terest of God was so much involv'd in it that he was entitled to °it. 
 She told him she did not doubt but the cause would rc\ive, but, 
 sayd she, notwithstanding all your resolution, I know this will con- 
 quer the weakenesse of your constitution, and you will die in prison. 
 He replied, I think I shall not, but if I doc, my blood will be so 
 innocent, I shall advance the cause more by my death, hasting the 
 vengeance of God upon my uniust enemies, then I could doe by all 
 
 " The notion of the revival of The Cause, and of the advancement of it by their 
 sufferings, seems to have been very prevalent witli those who fell in these times; ac- 
 cordingly they supported their fate with the true spirit of martyrs. The speech of Col. 
 Okey at the time of his execution, preserved in the Trials of the Regicides, maintains 
 the stile of prophetic eloquence with so much dignity and firmness, as almost to cap- 
 tivate the imagination of the coolest reasoner. These sentences following are extracted 
 from it. 
 
 " And truly, as to the Cause, I am as confident, even as I am of my resurrection, 
 " that that cause which we first took up the sword for, which was for righteousness and 
 "justice, and for the advancement of a godly magistracy and a good ministry, (however 
 " some men turned about for their own ends), shall yet revive again. I am confident, 
 " I say, that cause for which so much blood hath been shed, will have another resur- 
 " rection, and that you will have a bk-ssod fruit of those many thousands that have 
 " bene killed in the late war. I would say to all good men, rather to softer than take 
 " any indirect means to deliver themselves; and God, when it shall make most for his 
 " own glory and the good of his people, will deliver, and that in such a way that liim- 
 *' self shall have glory in, and the gospel have no reproach by."
 
 430 
 
 the actions of my life. Another time, when she was telhng him, she 
 fear'd they had plac'd him on the seashore, but in order to transport 
 him to Tangier, he told her, if they should, God was the same God 
 at Tangier as at Owthorpe ; prithee, sayd he, trust God with me, 
 if he carrie me away, he will bring me back againe. 
 
 Sometimes when he Avould not be perswaded to doe things 
 M'herein he had a liberty, for feare of putting a snare and stumbling- 
 block before others that had not soe, and she would expostulate 
 with him, why he should make himselfe a martyr for people that 
 had bene so censorious of him, and so unthankfull and unsensible 
 of all his meritts ; he would say, he did it not for them, but for the 
 cause they own'd. When many ill usages of himselfe by godly peo- 
 ple have bene urg'd to him, he would say, that if they were truly 
 the people of God, all their failings were to be borne; that if God 
 had a people in the land, as he was confident he had, it was among 
 them, and not among the cavaliers, and therefore although he 
 should ever be severe against their miscarriages in any person in 
 whomsoever he found them, yett he would adhere to them that 
 OAvn'd God, how unkindly soever they dealt with him. Sometimes 
 he would say, that if ever he should live to see the parliament power 
 up againe, he would never meddle any more either in councells or 
 armies: and then sometimes againe, Avhen he saw or heard of any of. 
 the debosheries of the times, he would say, he would act only as a 
 iustice of the peace in the country, and be severe against drunkards, 
 and suffer none in his neighbourhood. Oftentimes he would say, if 
 ever he were at liberty in the world, he would flee the conversation 
 of the cavaliers, and would Avrite upon his doores, 
 
 Procul hinc, procul este, profani ! 
 
 and that, though he had in his former conversation with them, never 
 had any communication with their manners nor vices, yet hence-
 
 431 
 
 forth he would never, in one kind or other, have any commerce at 
 all with them; and indeed it was a resolution he would oftcner re- 
 peate then any other he had, telling us, that he was convinc'd there 
 was a serpentine seed in them. Yett he had many apprehensions of 
 the rash hot-headed spiritts of many of our party, and feares that 
 their pride and sclfe-coneeit of their owne abillitics, would againe 
 bring us to confusion, if ever they should have the reines againe in 
 their hands; and therefore he would bid us advise his sonne, if ever 
 we liv'd to sec a change, and would himselfc advise him not to fall 
 in with the first, how faire soever their pi-etences were; but to waite 
 to see how their practises suited them: for he Avould say, that a hot- 
 spirited people would first get up and put all into confusion, and 
 then a sober party must settle things ; and he would say, let my 
 sonne stay to fall in with these. He foresaw that the courses that 
 the king and his party tooke to establish themselves Avould be their 
 ruine, and would say, that whenever the king had an armie it would 
 be his destruction.'' Once when his wife was lamentins; his con- 
 dition, having sa3'd many things to comfort her, he told her he could 
 not have bene Avithout this affliction, for if he had Hourish'd while 
 all the people of God were corrected, he should have fear'd he had 
 not bene accounted among his children, as he had not shared their 
 lott. Then would he with thankfulnesse repeate the kind and gentle 
 dealings of the Lord att all times toward him, and erect a firme 
 and mighty hope upon it, and wonderfully encourage her to beare 
 it patientl^^ not only by words, but by his owne admirable ex- 
 ample. 
 
 ' Is it permissible to extend tliis prediction to the time when James the Second 
 mustered his army near Salisbury, and in their almost general detection received his 
 irrevocable doom ? If it is, it will appear a very signal instance of foresight. The king 
 then reigning, Charles II. never made but one, and that a very short-lived attempt to 
 raise an ajmy, which was speedily flisbanded. 
 
 3 M
 
 432 
 
 After Mr. Hutchinson had bene some time prisoner at Sandowne, 
 the governor of the caslle came over, and would t'aine have lett him 
 his chamber for 20s. a week, which Mr. Hutchinson told him iie 
 would give him, if his wife might come there to him; but the go- 
 vernor refus'd that without an express order, which Avas endeavour'd 
 but could not be obtein'd. Then Freeman demanded a marke a 
 weeke of the collonell for fees, but the coUonell told him, except he 
 could shew how it was due by any known law, he would not pay it. 
 Sometime after the governor of Dover came over, with the governor 
 of Sandowne and one Mr. Masters, and Freeman consulting his 
 master of Dover how he should get mony of the collonell, the go- 
 vernor of Dover adviz'd to putt him into a dungeon, but the fellow 
 durst not attempt it. Yet some time after he came to the castle, 
 and passing into his owne chamber, through Mr. Hutchinson's, who 
 was there, as he went by with his lieftenant Moyle at his heeles, he 
 call'd out to Mr. Hutchinson's man, and bad him bid Hutchinson 
 come to him, without any addition of so much as the title of a gen- 
 tleman. Mrs. Hutchinson being then in the roome with her hus- 
 band, desir'd him she might goe in with him and answer the cap- 
 taine's insolency, and that he would take notice of it, which he told 
 her he would not, neither should she, and soe they went into the 
 captaine's chamber, who had alsoe call'd Gregory. When they 
 Avere both there, the captaine turning to Moyle sayd, " Captaine 
 " Moyle, I ordeine you to quarter Hutchinson and Gregorie to- 
 *' gether in the next roome, and if Hutchinson will make a partition 
 " at his owne charge, he may have that part of the chamber that has 
 " the chimney, and for this expect a marke a weeke of Hutchinson, 
 " and a noble of Gregory ; and if they will liave any enlargement 
 *' besides, they must pay for it.""". Mr. Hutchinson laught at him, 
 
 •i In speaking of the persons who liad the command of the castle, and custody of 
 the prisoners, there seems in some parts of the narrative to be a little perplexity ; but
 
 433 
 
 and bad his wife report his usage of him to the secretary at London, 
 to whom she presently writt an account of it, and sent it to Sr. Allen 
 Apsley, desiring him either to procure a remoove, or an order for 
 better accommodation, and shew'd this letter to Gregory before it 
 went, representing equally his condition with her husbands: and 
 seeing she could not get admission into the castle, she tooke a house 
 in the towne, to which she intended to bring her children for the 
 winter, had not God prevented. 
 
 Not' long after the collonell's brother, Mr. George Hutchinson* 
 came downe, and brought with him an order, sign'd by Secretary 
 Bennet, for to allow the coUonell leave to walke by the sea-side 
 with a keeper, which order Sr. Allen Apsley and his lady had at 
 length procur'd Avith some difficulty and sent him ; wherein he was 
 
 this passage shews clearly that Fregman was captain, but did not reside at it; and 
 and that Moyle was his lieutenant, and did reside at it. The former was the person 
 who, on this and some other occasions, attempted to extort money from Col. Hutch- 
 inson and liis family; the latter was the person whose wife boarded and accommodated 
 them. 
 
 ' We now hasten to the conclusion of our tragedy, and accordingly here are all 
 the principal characters in their proper places and attitudes : our hero suffering with 
 fortitude, calmness, and dignity; the kind hearted brother, the idolizing devoted wife, 
 the observant Fon and daughter soothing him with their assiduities, and the constant 
 friend procuring and sending alleviations. Evils so endured, so consoled, almost begin 
 to partake of the nature of enjoyments ; but even this state of things will prove very 
 transient, and like the last gleams of departing day, and we must speedily descend 
 into the vale of tears ; those who solicited this exile as a mitigation of oppression, and 
 this licence of walking on the shore as a relief, little knew or thought of the effect the 
 situation on this low shore would have on the constitution of a person brought tenderly 
 up, and having lived all his time in the centre of the kingdom; or that walks by the 
 seaside, in the decline of the day and of the year, added considerably to the dangei'. 
 Those who are acquainted with these parts are well aware of it, and probably so were 
 those who granted both. 
 
 Timco iJuiiaoa etdonaftrtntt%.' 
 Trust not the fraudful present of a foe.
 
 434 
 
 so well satisfied, that he lliouglit not his prison now insupportable ; 
 neither indeed Avas it so to him before, for his patience and faith 
 wonderfully carried hiui on under all his sufferings. As it now drew 
 nio'h to the latter end of the year, Mrs. Hutchinson, having prepar'd 
 the house, was necessitated to goe to Owthorpe to fetch her chil- 
 dren, and other supplies to her husband ; whom, when the time of 
 her departure came, she left with a very sad and ill-presaging heart, 
 rather dreading that while he lay so ready on the sea-coast, he might 
 some time or other be shipt away to some barbarous place in her 
 absence then that which after ensued. The colloncll comforted all 
 he could, and that morning she Avent away, " Now," sayd he, " I 
 " myselfe begin to be loath to part with thee." But yet, according 
 to his usual chearefullnesse, he encoiu-ag'd himselfe and her, and 
 sent his sonne along with her. His daughter and his brother stay'd 
 at Deale; who comming to him every day, he Avalk'd out Avith them 
 by the seaside, and Avould discourse of the pui^lique concernments, 
 and say that the ill management of the state Avould cause discon- 
 tented Avild parties to rautinie and rise against the present poAvers, 
 but they would only put things in confusion ; it must be a sober 
 partie that must then arise and settle them. He Avould olten say to 
 his sonne and his Avife, as he did noAv to his brother, " Let not my 
 " Sonne, hoAV fairely soever they pretend, too rashly engage Avith 
 " the first, but stay to see Avhat they make good, and engage Avith 
 " those Avho are for settlement, avIio Avill have need of men of in- 
 " terest to assist them ; let him keep cleare and take heed of too 
 " rash attempts, and he Avill be courted if he behave himselfe piously 
 " and prudently, and keepe free of all faction, making the publique 
 ** interest only his." He would sometimes in discourse say, that 
 Avhen these people once had an armie up, Avhich they seem'd to 
 aymc att, that armie Avould be their destruction, for he Avas very 
 confident God Avould bring them doAvne : he Avould often say they 
 could not stand, and that Avhoever had anicthing to doe with them
 
 435 
 
 could not prosper. He once made this expression, *' Although," 
 sayd he, " I am free from any trucking with them, yet even tliat 
 " consenting submission that 1 had, halh brought this suftering upon 
 " me." And he would often say he would never have so much as a 
 civill correspondence with any of them againe: yet when he men- 
 tion'd Sr. Allen Apslev', he would sa^', he would never serve any 
 that would not for his sake serve the person that had preseiv'd him. 
 When his wife went away he was exceeding well and chcarefull, 
 and so confident of seeing Owthorpe, that he gave her directions in 
 a paper for planting trees, and many other tliings belonging to the 
 house and gardens. " You give me," sayd she, " tliese orders, as 
 " if you were to see that place again." " If 1 doe not," sayd he, 
 "I thanke God I can chearefully foregoe it, but I will not distrust 
 " that God will bring me back againe, and therefore I will take care 
 " to keepe it while I have it." 
 
 The third of September, being Saturday, he had bene walking 
 by the seaside, and comming home found himselfe aguish, with a 
 kind of shivering and payne in his bones, and went to bed and 
 sweat exceedingly; the next day was a little better, and went downe, 
 and on the ]\[onday expecting another fitt, which came upon him, 
 lay in bed all day, and rose againe the next day, but went not 
 downe, and after that he slept no more 'till his last slcepe came upon 
 him, but continued in a feaverish distemper, with violent sweatings, 
 after which he us'd to rise out of his bed to refresh him, and when 
 he was up us'd to read nmch in his Bible. He had appoynted-his 
 wife, when she went away, to send him the Dutch Annotations on 
 the Bible, and she had sent it downe with some other things ; which 
 he presently caus'd to be brought him, though he was in his bed, 
 and some places in the Epistle to the Romans read, Avhich having 
 lieard, " these annotators," sayd he, " are short ;" and then looking 
 over some not's upon that Epistle, which his wife had leit in a 
 booke she had gather d from him ; *' I have," sayd he, " discover'd
 
 436 
 
 " much more of the mystery of truth in that Epistle, and when my 
 " wife returns I will make her sett it downe ; for," sayd he, " I will 
 " no more observe their crossc humors, but when her children are 
 " necre, I will have her in my chamber with me, and they shall not 
 " pluck her out of my armes ; and then, in the winter nights, she 
 " shall collect severall observations I have made of this Epistle since 
 " I came into prison." The continuall study of the scriptures did 
 infinitely ravish and refine his soule, and take it of from all lower 
 exercise, and he continued it in his sicknesse even to the last, de- 
 siring his brother, when he was in bed and could not read himselfe, 
 to reade it to him. He found himselfe every day grow weaker, yet 
 was not exceeding sick, only he could not sleepe at all, day nor 
 niglit. There w.as a country phisitian at Deale, who had formerly 
 belong'd to the armie, and had some guifts, and used to exercise 
 them among godly people in their meetings ; but having been taken 
 there once by the persecutors, and being married to a wicked un- 
 quiet woman, she and the love of the world had perverted him to 
 forsake all religious meetings, yet the man continued civill and faire 
 condition'd, and was much employ 'd thereabouts. He being sent 
 for to Mr. Hutchinson, found that on Friday his mouth grew very 
 sore, Avhereupon he told Mr. George Hutchinson that he distrusted 
 his owne skill in looking to it, and apprehended some danger, and 
 advis'd him to send for a very famous phisitian that was at Canter- 
 bury, which they did, and he came on Saturday. As he came allong 
 he cncjuired of the messenger that fetcht him Avhat kind of person 
 tlie collonell was, and how he had liv'd and bene accustom'd, and 
 which chamber of the castle he was now lodg'd in .'* Which when die 
 man had told him, he sayd his iourney would be to no purpose, for 
 that chamber had kill'd him. Accordingly, when he came, he told 
 the collonell's brother, on Saturday night, that he apprehended 
 danger, and appoynted some remedies, and some applications to his 
 temples, and a cordiale to procure rest, but it had no effect. There
 
 437 
 
 was a nurse watcht in his chamber, and she told them after his 
 death, that she heard him pray in the night, with the deepest sighs 
 that ever she hear'd. Tlie next morning, before the doctor and his 
 daughter, and brother and servants came to him, the gentlewoman 
 of the castle came up and ask'd him how he did? He told her, in- 
 comparably well, and full of faith. 
 
 Sometime after, when the doctor came, he told his brother that 
 the fever had seiz'd his head, and that he believ'd he would soone 
 fall into ravings and die, and therefore wisht him, if he had anie- 
 thing to say to him, to speake while he was in perfect sence. So 
 Mr. George Hutchinson came to him, and told him he believ'd he 
 could not live, and therefore desir'd him if he had aniething to do, 
 to dispatch it, for he believ'd his end was approaching. The col- 
 lonell, without the least deiection or amazement, replied, very com- 
 posedly and chearefuUy, " The will of the Lord be done, I am 
 " ready for it." And then he told them that he did now confirme 
 the will he writt in the Tower for his last will and testament, and all 
 others to be voyd. The doctor, who had, when religion was in 
 fashion, bene a pretender to it, came to him, and askt him if his 
 peace was made with God ; to which he replied, " 1 hope you do 
 " not thinke me so ill a Christian, to have bene thus long in prison, 
 " and have that to doe now!" The doctor asked him concernino- the 
 ground of his hope; to which he answer'd, " there's none but Christ, 
 " none but Christ, in whom I have unspeakable ioy, more then I 
 " can expresse ; yet I should utter more, but that the sorenesse of 
 " my mouth makes it difficult for me to speake." Then they askt 
 him where he would be burried .'' He told them, in his vault at 
 Owdiorpe ; his brother told him it Avould be a long way to carrie 
 him : he answer'd, " Let my wife order the manner of it as she will, 
 only I would lis there." He left a kind message to his wife, " Let 
 " her," sayd he, " as she is above other weomen, shew hcrselfe, in 
 *' tliis occasion, a good christian, and above the pitch of ordinary
 
 438 
 
 " weomen."" He commanded his daughter that Avas present to tell 
 the rest, that he would have them all guided by her councells ; and 
 left with his brother the same message to his eldest sonne. " I would," 
 sayd he, " have spoken to my wife and sonne, but it is not the will 
 "of God;" then as he was going to utter something, here's none 
 but friends; his brother minded him the doctor was present; " O, I 
 " thanke you," sayd he; and such was their amazement in their 
 sorrow, that they did not thinke of speaking to the doctor to retire, 
 but lost what he would have sayd, Avhich I am confident was some 
 advice to his sonne how to demeane himselfe in publick concern- 
 j)»euls. He lay all the day very sensible and very chearefull, to the 
 admiration of both the doctors and of all that saw him ; and as his 
 daughter sate weeping by him, " Fie Bab," sayd he, " doe you 
 " mourne for me as for one without hope? There is hope." He de- 
 sir'd his brother to remember him to Sr, Allen Apsley, and tell him 
 that he hoped God would reward his labour of love to him. While 
 he was thus speaking to them, his spiritts decay'd exceedingly fast, 
 and his pulse grew very low, and his head allrcady was earth in the 
 upper part ; yett he rays'd himselfe in his bed, " And now," sayd 
 he to the doctor, " I would faine know your reason why you fancy 
 " me dying ; I feele nothing in myselfe, my head is well, my heart 
 " is Avell, and I have no paine nor sicknesse any where." The. doc- 
 tor seeing this, was amaz'd ; " Sir," sayd he, " I would be glad to 
 " be deceiv'd ;" and being at a stand, he told Mr. George Hutch- 
 inson he was surpriz'd, and knew not what to thinke, to see him so 
 chearefull and undisturb'd, when his pulse was gone ; which if it 
 were not death, might be some strange working of the spleen, and 
 therefore advis'd him to send away for Dr. Ridgely, which he would 
 
 • This is that command of her husband which Mrs. Hutchinson speaks of at "the 
 beginning of her narrative, where she says she has determined to employ her thoughts 
 upon the preservation of his memory, not the fruitless bewailing of it. ^
 
 439 
 
 before have done, but that the doctor told him he fear'd it would 
 be vaine, and that he would be dead before the doctor could come. 
 While they were preparing to write, the collonell spoke only these 
 two words; " 'Tis as I would have it; 'tis where I woidd have it:" 
 and spoke no more, for convulsions wrought his mouth, yet did his 
 sence remaine perfect to his last breath; for when some named 
 Mrs. Hutchinson, and sayd, " Alas, how will she be surpriz'd ! " he 
 fetcht a sigh, and within a little while departed; his countenance 
 settling so amiably and cheerefull in death, that he lookt after he 
 was dead as he us'd to do when best plcas'd in life. It was obser- 
 vable that the same hower, and the same day of the month, and 
 the same day of the weeke, that the wicked souldiers fetcht him out 
 of his owne rest and quiet condition at home, eleven months before, 
 the Lord of hosts sent his holy angels to fetch him out of their 
 cruell hands up to his everlasting and blessed rest above; this being 
 the Lord's-day, about seven o'clock at night, the eleventh day of 
 September, l6"64; that, the same day and hower, the eleventh of 
 October, l663. 
 
 The two doctors, though mere strangers to him, were so moov'd, 
 that they both wept as if it had bene their brother; and he of Can- 
 terbury sajd, he had bene with many eminent persons, but he never 
 in his whole life saw any one receive death with more Christian 
 courage, and constancy of mind, and stedfastnesse of faith, then 
 the collonell had exprest from the first to the last; so that, consi- 
 dering the heigth of his feaver, and his want of rest, there was an 
 evidence of a devine assistance that over-rul'd all the powers and 
 operations of nature. This doctor, who was call'd Dr. Jachin, had 
 most curiously and strictly observ'd all his motions, I know not by 
 what impulse, but he after sayd, in regard of the collonell's former 
 engagements, he knew he should be examin'd of all circumstances, 
 and therefore was resolv'd dilligently to observe them; and as he 
 ghess'd, it after fell out, for the gentlemen of the country, being 
 
 3 K
 
 440 
 
 of the rojall partie, were busie in their enquiries, which the doctor 
 answer'd with such truth and clearnesse as made them ready to 
 burst with envie at the peace and ioy the Lord was pleas'd to give 
 his servant, in taking him out of this wicked world. I am apt to 
 thinke that it was not alone tendernesse of nature, but conviction 
 of their owne disturbed peace, which drew those teares from the 
 doctors, when they saw in him that blessed peace and ioy which 
 crownes the Lord's constant martirs : whatever it were, the men were 
 failhfuU in divulging the glory of the Lord's wonderfull presence with 
 his servant. 
 
 Assoone as the colionell was dead his brother sent away a mes- 
 senger to carrie the sad newes to liis house, and caus'd his body to 
 be embalm'd in order to his funerall, as he had thrice order'd. 
 When he was embowell'd all his inwards were found exceedina; 
 sound, and no taint in any part, only two or three purple spotts 
 on his lungs: his gall, the doctor sayd, was the largest that ever he 
 saw in any man, and observ'd it to be a miracle of grace that he had 
 bene so patient as he had scene him. 
 
 Some two or three dayes before the colionell fell sick. Freeman, 
 the captaine of the castle, had sent downe a very strict order that 
 the colionell should carrie nothing out of the castle: in persuance 
 of which the souldiers would not sutfer them to take out his beds and 
 furniture, and clothes, which Mr. Hutchinson forbore till an order 
 came for them. 
 
 Assoone as the newes came to Owthorpe, the collonell's two 
 eldest sonnes and all his houshold servants went up to London with 
 his horses, and made ready a herse, trickt with scutcheons and six 
 horses in mourning, with a mourning coach and six horses to waite 
 on it, and came downe to Deale with an order from the secretary 
 for the body; but when they came thither the Captaine Freeman, 
 in spite, would not deliver it, because Mrs. Hutchinson herselfe was 
 not come to fetch it; so they were forct, at an intollerable expence,
 
 441 
 
 to keepe all this equipage at Deale while they sent to the secretary 
 for another order, Avhich they got directed to the lieflenant in the 
 absence of the captaine, and assoone as it came delivered it to him, 
 who immediately sufFer'd them to take away the body, which they 
 did at that hower, though it was night, fearing a further dispute 
 with Freeman. For he, after the body had bene ten dayes em- 
 balm'd, sayd he would have a iury empannell'd, and a coroner to 
 sitt upon it, to see whether he died a naturall death. Mr. Hutch- 
 inson ask'd him why he urg'd that, when it lay on their side to have 
 sought satisfaction. He sayd he must doe it to cleare the kino-'s 
 garrison. Mr. Hutchinson told him he had shpt his time; it should 
 have bene done at the first, before the embalming. He sayd he 
 would have it unlapt, and accordingly he sent for a coroner and a 
 iury, who when they came Avould not unlap the body, but call'd 
 those persons that were about him, and examined them as to the 
 occasion of his death. They made affidavit, which remains yet 
 upon record, that the doctor sayd the place had kilVd him, and 
 satisfied with this, they did not unlap the body. As it came into 
 Deale Freeman mett it, and sayd, if he had bene in the castle they 
 should not have had it till ihey had pay'd the mony he demanded; 
 which when he could not iustifie any right to by any law, he fell 
 to begg most basely and unworthily, but neither had aniething given 
 him for that. However though the secretary had alsoc order'd the 
 collonell should have his things out, yet he detein'd all he found in 
 the castle, his trunkes, and beds, and furniture, which could never 
 be gotten out of his hands. Although this spite of his put the 
 collonelfs famcly to an excessive charge in sta3'ing so long in that 
 cut-throat towne of Deale, yet there Avas a providence of the Lord 
 in it; for the coUoncll's dau oh ter that was there through orief had 
 contracted a violent sicknesse, Avhich tooke her withgreatc extremity, 
 and wrought of of her slomack in black vomitts, that made her for 
 the present desperately ill, and the doctor that was with her sayd
 
 442 
 
 that if she had bene then iu her iourney, as she would have bene, 
 had they not bene delay 'd by his cruell spite, she could not have 
 liv'd. 
 
 The next day after they had gotten out the body they brought it 
 with a handsome private equipage to Canterbury, and so forward 
 towards London, meeting no affronts in their way but at one towne, 
 where there was a faire, and the priest of the place came out with 
 his clearke in his foole's coat, to offer them buriall, and, to stop 
 their herse, layd hold on the horses, whom when the attendants putt 
 by, the wicked rout at the faire took part Avith them, and sett upon 
 the horsemen; but they broke severall of their heads, and made 
 ' their way cleare, having beaten of all the towne and the faire, and 
 came on to London. They past through Southwarke, over the 
 bridge, and through the whole heart of the citie, to their lodging in 
 Holborne, in the day time, and had not one reviling word or indig- 
 nity offer'd them all the way, but severall people were very much 
 moov'd at that sad witnesse of the murderous cruelty of the men 
 then in power. 
 
 From London he was brought downe to Owthorpe, very seri- 
 ously bewailed all the way he came allong by all those who had 
 bene better acquainted with his Avorth then the strangers among 
 whom he died, and was brought home with honor to his grave 
 through the dominions of his murtherers, who were ashamed of 
 his o;lories, which all their tirannies could not extinguish Avith his 
 life. So was he brought lamented home, and layd in his owne 
 vault, which he thrice before his death order'd he should be brought 
 to- 
 
 r
 
 443 
 Inscriptions on the Monument of Colonel Hutchinson, 
 
 AT OWTHORPE, IN NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 (Supposed by Mrs. Hutchinson.) 
 
 Quousque Domine! 
 
 In a vault under this wall lietli the body of 
 
 JOHN HUTCHINSON, 
 
 Of Ovvthorpe, in the county of Nottingham, Esq. 
 
 Eldest Sonne and heire of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson by his first wife, 
 the Lady Margaret, daughter of Sr. John Biron, of Newsted, 
 
 in the sayd county. 
 
 This monument doth not commemorate 
 Vaine ayrie glorious titles, birth, and state ; 
 But sacred is to free, illustrious grace, 
 Conducting happily a mortal's race; 
 To end in triumph over death and hell. 
 When, like the prophet's cloake, the fraile flesh fell, 
 Forsaken as a dull impediment, 
 Whilst love's SAvift fiery chariot climb'd th' ascent. 
 Nor are the reliques lost, but only torn. 
 To be new made, and in more lustre worn. 
 Full of this ioy he mounted, he lay downe. 
 Threw off his ashes, and tooke up his crowne. 
 Those who lost all their splendor in his grave, 
 Ev'n there yet no inglorious period have.
 
 444 
 
 He married Lucy, the daughter of Sr. Allen Apsley, lieftenant of 
 the Tower of London, by his third wife, the Lady Lucy, daughter 
 of Sr. John St. John, of Lidiard Tregoz, in the county of Wilts, 
 who dying at Owthorpe, October 11, 1659, heth buried in the 
 same vault. 
 
 He left surviving by the sa3'd Lucy 4 sons; Thomas, who married 
 Jane, the daughter of Sr. Alexander RadclifFe, buried in the same 
 vault: and Edward, Lucius, and John: and 4 daughters; Barbara, 
 Lucy, Margaret, and Adeliza; which last lies buried in the same 
 vault. 
 
 He died at Sandowne Castle, in Kent, after 11 months harsh and 
 strict imprisonment, — without crime or accusation, — upon the 
 11'" day of Sept. 1664, in the 49"" yeare of his age, full of ioy, 
 in assured hope of a glorious resuiTection.
 
 445 
 
 VERSES WRITTEN BY MRS. HUTCHINSON, 
 
 In the small Book containing her own Life, and most probably composed by her during 
 her Husband's retirement J'rom public business to his seat at Owthorpe. 
 
 All sorts of men through various labours presse 
 
 To the same end, contented quietnesse; 
 
 Great princes vex their labouring thoughts to be 
 
 Possest of an unbounded soveraignetie ; 
 
 The bardie souldier doth all toyles susteine 
 
 That he may conquer first, and after raigne; 
 
 Th' industrious merchant ploughs the angrie seas 
 
 That he may bring home wealth, and live at ease. 
 
 Which none of them attaine ; for sweete repose 
 
 But seldome to the splendid pallace goes; 
 
 A troope of restlesse passions wander there. 
 
 And private lives are only free from care. 
 
 Sleep to the cottage bringeth happie nights, 
 
 But to the court, hung round with flaring lights. 
 
 Which th' ofhce of the vanisht day supplie. 
 
 His image only comes to close the eie, 
 
 But gives the troubled mind no ease of care ; 
 
 While countrie slumbers undisturbed are; 
 
 Where, if the active fancie dreames present, 
 
 They bring no horrors to the innocent. 
 
 Ambition doth incessantly aspire, 
 
 And each advance leads on to new desire; 
 
 Nor yet can riches av'rice satisfie. 
 
 For want and wealth together multiplie: 
 
 Nor can voluptuous men more fullnesse find, 
 
 For enioy'd pleasures leave their stings behind. 
 
 He's only rich who knows no want; lie raignes 
 
 Whose will no severe tiranny constreins;
 
 446 
 
 And he alone possesseth time delight 
 
 Whose spotlesse soule no guiltie feares affright. 
 
 This fi-eedome in the countrie life is found, 
 
 Where innocence and safe delights abound : 
 
 Here mans a prince; his subiects ne'er repine 
 
 When on his back their wealthy fleeces shine : 
 
 If for his appetite the fattest die, 
 
 Those who survive will rayse no mutinie : 
 
 His table is with home-gott dainties crownVl, 
 
 With friends, not flatterers, enconipast round; 
 
 No spies nor traitors on his trencher waite, 
 
 Nor is his mirth confin'd to rules of state; 
 
 An armed guard he neither hath nor needs, 
 
 Nor fears a poyson'd morsell when he feeds; 
 
 Bright constellations hang above his head, 
 
 Beneath his feete are flourie carpetts spred; 
 
 The merrie birds delight him with their songs, 
 
 And healthful! ayre his happie life prolongs . 
 
 Att harvest merrily his flocks he sheares, 
 
 And in cold weather their warme fleeces weares; 
 
 Unto his ease he fashions all his clothes; 
 
 His cup with uninfected liquor flows: 
 
 The vulgar breath doth not his thoughts elate, 
 
 Nor can he be o'erwhelmed by their hate; 
 
 Yet, if ambitiously he seeks for fame, 
 
 One village feast sliall gaine a greater name 
 
 Then his who weares tlV imperiall diadem. 
 
 Whom the rude multitude doe still condemne. 
 
 Sweete peace and ioy his blest companions are; 
 
 Feare, sorrow, envie, lust, revenge, and care. 
 
 And all that troope which breeds the world's offence, 
 
 With pomp and maiestie, are banisht thence. 
 
 What court then can such libertie afford ? 
 
 Or where is man soe uncontrou" d a lord ? 
 
 THE END. 
 
 1. Bcnsicy, Printer, 
 Dnlt Court, Fleet Street, Lornkm.
 
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