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The Britlaincs that thought it belter to worke for their conciuerors in a good land, then to have the freedom to sterve in a cold and barren quarter, were by degrees fetcht away, and wasted in the civill broyles of these Roman lords, till the land, allmost depopulated, lay open to the incursions of every borderer, and were forc'd to call a stout warlike people, the Saxons, out of Germany, to their assistance. These willingly came at their call, but were not so easily sent out againe, nor perswaded lo lett their hosts inhabite with them, for they drove the Brittaines into the mountaines of Wales, and seated themselves in those pleasant coun- tries which from the new masters receiv'd a new name, and ever since retain'd it, being call'd England ; on which the Avarlike Dane made many attempts, with various successe, but after about 2 or 300 yeares vaine contest, they were for ever driven out, Avith shame and losse, and the Saxon Heptarchie melted into a monarchic, Avhich continued till the superstitious prince, who Avas sainted for his un- godly chastilie, left an emptie throne to him that could seize it. He who first set up his standard in it, could not hold it, but Avith his life left it againe for the Norman usurper, Avho partly by violence, partly by falshood, layd here the foundation of his monarchic, in the people's blood, in Avhich it hath sAvom about 500 yeares, till the flood that bore it Avas ploAv'd into such deepe furroAvs as had allmost sunke the proud vessell. Of those Saxons that remain'd subjects to the Noiman conqueror, my father's famely descended; of those Normans that came in Avith him, my mother's Avas derived; both of them, as all the rest in England, contracting such affinity, by mu- tuall marriages, that the distinction remain'd but a short space; Nor- mans and Saxons becoming one people, Avho by their vallour grcAve terrible to all the neighbouring princes, and have not only bravely quitted themselves in their OAvne defence, but have shew'd abroad, hoAv easily they could subdue the Avorld, if they did not preferre the quiett enioyment of their OAvne part above the conquest of the Avhole. Better lawes and a happier constitution of governement no na- tion ever enioy'd, it being a mixture of monarchy, aristocratic, and democracy, Avith sufficient fences against the pest of every one of those formes, tiranny, faction, and confusion ; yett is it not possible for man to devize such iust and excellent bounds, as Avill keepe in wild ambition, when prince's flatterers encourage that beast to breake his fence, which it hath often done, with miserable consequences both to the prince and people : but could never in any age so tread downe popular liberty, but that it rose againe with renewed vigor, till at length it trod on those that trampled it before. And in the iust bounds wherein our kings Avere so Avell hedged in, the surround- ing princes have with terror sene the reproofe of their usurpations over their free brethren, Avhom they rule rather as slaves tlien sub- iects, and are only serv'd for feare, but not for love ; A\diereas this people have ever bene as afectionate to good as unpliable to bad soveraignes. Nor is it only vallour and generosity that renoAvne this nation ; in arts A\'ee have advanc'd equall to our neighbors, and in those that are most excellent, exceeded them. The Avorld hath not yeilded men more famous in navigation, nor ships better built or furnisht. Agriculture is as ingeniously practis'd : the English archery Avere the terror of Christendome, and their clothes the or- nament : but these Ioav things bounded not their greate spiritts, in all ages it hath yeilded men as famous in all kinds of learning, as Greece or Italy can boast of. And to compleate the crowne of all their glorie, reflected from the lustre of their ingenuity, vallour, Avitt, learning, iustice, Avealth, and bounty, their pietie and devotion to God, and his Avorship, hath made them one of the most truly noble nations in the Christian Avorld. God having as it Avere enclosed a people here, out of the wast common of the Avorld, to serve him with a pure and undefiled worship. Lucius the Brittish king was one of the first monarchs of the earth that received the faith of Christ into his heart and kingdome : llenrie the eighth, the first prince that broke the antichristian yoake of from his owne and his subiects necks. Here it was that the first Christian emperor received his crowne : Here began the early dawne of gospell hght, by Wickhffe and other faithful wittnesses, Avhom God rays'd up after the black and horrid midnight of antichristianisme, and a more plentifull harvest of devout confessors, constant mar- tirs, and holy worshippers of God, hath not growne in any field of the church, throughout all ages, then those Avhom God hath here glorified his name and gospell by. Yett hath not this wheate bene without its tares, God in comparison with other countries hath made this as a paradice, so, to compleate the parallell, the serpent hath in all times bene busy to seduce, and not unsuccessefull, ever stirring up opposers to the infant truths of Christ. No sooner was the faith of Christ embrac'd in this nation, but the neighbouring heathens invaded the innocent Christians, and slaughtei"'d multitudes of them ; and when, by the mercy of God, the conquering Pagans were afterwards converted, and that there Avere none left to opose the name of Christ with open hostillity; then the subtile serpent putt of his owne horrid appearance, and comes out in a Christian dresse, to persecute Christ in his poore prophetts, that bore Avittnesse against the corruption of the times. This intestine quarrell hath bene more successefuU to the devill, and more aflictive to the church then all open Avarres, and, I feare, a\ ill never happily be decided, till the Prince of Peace come to con- clude the controversie, which att the time of my birth Avas Avorking up into that tempest, wherin I have shar'd many perills, many feares, and many sorroAvs, and many more mercies, consolations and pre- servations, Avhich I shall have occasion to mention in other places. From the place of my birth I shall only desire to remember the goodnesse of the Lord Avho hath caused my lolt to fall in a good ground, Avho hath fed me in a pleasant pasture Avhere the Avell- / springs of life flow to all that desire to driiike of tlieni. And this is no small favour, if I consider how many poore people perish amono- the heathen, where ikey never heare the name of Christ; how many poore Christians spring up in countries enslav'd by Turkish and antichristian tirants, whose soules and bodies languish under miser- able slavery. None knowes what mercy 'tis to live under a good and ■wholsome law, that have not consider'd the sad condition of beinei: subject to the will of an unlimited man, and surely 'tis too universall a sin in this nation, that the common mercies of God to the Avhole land, are so slightly regarded and so unconsideralely past over ; cer- tainely these are circumstances which much magnifie God's loving- kindnesse and his speciall favor to all that are of English birth, and call for a greater returne of duty from us then from all other people of the world. Nor is the place only, but the time of my comming into the world a considerable mercy to me. It was not in the midnight of poperie, nor in the dawne of the gospell's restored day, when light and shades were blended and almost undislinguisht, but when the Sun of truth was exalted in his progresse and hastening towards a meri- dian glory. It was indeed early in the morning, God being pleased to allow me the privelledge of beholding the admirable growth of gospell light in my dayes: and oh! that my soule may never foi'gett to blesse and prayse his name for the wonders of power and good- nesse, Avisdome and truth, which have bene manifested in this my time. The next blessing I have to consider in my nativity is my pa- rents, both of them pious and vertuous in their owne conversation, and carefull instructors of my youth, not only by precept but example. Which if I had leizure and abillity, I should have trans- mitted to my posterity, both to give them the honor due from me in such a gratefull memoriall, and to encrease my children's era- proovement of the patterns they sett them ; but since I shall detract 8 from those I would celebrate, by my imperfect commemorations, I shall content myselfe to summe up some few things for my owne use, and let the rest alone, which I either knew not, or have forgotten, or cannot worthyly expresse. My grandfather by the father's side was a gentleman of a com- petent estate, about 7 or 800/. a yeare, in Sussex. He being descended of a younger house, had his residence att a place called Pulborough ; the tamely out of which he came was an Apsley of Apsley, a towne Avhere they had bene seated before the conquest, and ever since continued, till of late the last heire male of that eldest house, being the sonne of Sr. Edward Apsley, is dead without issue, and his estate gone with his sister s daughters into other fame- lies. Particularities concerning my father's kindred or country, I never knew much of, by reason of my youth, at the time of his death, and my education in farre distant places, only in generall I have heard, that ray grandfather was a man well reputed and l)e- loved in his country, and that it had bene such a continued custome for my ancestors to take wives att home, that there was not scarce a famely of any note in Sussex, to which they were not by inter- marriages neerely related ; but I was myselfe a stranger to them all, except my Lord Goring, who living att court, I have sene Avith my father, and heard of him, because he was appoynted one of my father's executors, though he declin'd the trouble. My grand- father had seven sonns, of which my father was the youngest: to the eldest he gave his whole estate, and to the rest, according to the custome of those times, slight annuities. The eldest brother married to a gentlewoman of a good famely, and by her had only one sonne, whose mother dying, my uncle mamed himselfe againe to one of his own maides, and by her had three more sons, whom, with their mother, my cousin William Apsley, the sonne of the first wife, held in such contempt, that a greate while after, dying without children, he gave his estate of inheritance to my father, and two of 9 my brothers, except about 100/. a yeare to the eldest of his halfe brothers, and annuities of 30/. a piece to the 3 for tlieir Uves. He died before I vvas borne, but I have heard very honorable mention of him in our famely ; the rest of my father's brothers went into the -warres in Ireland and the Low Countries, and there remain'd none of them, nor their issues when I was born, but only three daughters who bestowed themselves meanely, and their generations are worne out except two or three unregarded children. My father att the death of ray grandfather being but a youth att schoole had not patience to stay the perfecting of his studies, but putt himselfe into present action, sold his annuitie, bought hhnselfe good clothes, put some mony in his purse, and came to London ; and by meanes of a relation at court, got a place in the household of Queenc Elizabeth, where he behav'd himselfe so that he won the love of many of the court; but being young tooke an affection to gaming, and spent most of the mony he had in his purse. About that time the Earle of Essex was setting forth for Cales voyage, and my father, that had a mind to quitt his idle court life, procured an employment from the Vic- tuallar of the Navie, to goc allong with that fleete. In which voyage he demean'd himselfe with so much courage and prudence, that after his returne he Avas honor'd with a very noble and profitable employment in Ireland. There a rich widow that had many chil- dren cast her affections upon him, and he married her ; but she not living many yeares with him, and having no children by him, after her death he distributed all her estate among her children, for whom he ever preserv'd a fatherly kindnesse, and some of her grand- children were brought up in his house after I was borne. He, by God's blessing, and his fidellity and industry, growing in estate and honor, receiv'd a knighthood from King James soone after his coming to the crowne, for some eminent service done to him in Ireland, which having only heard in my childhood, I cannot per- fectly sett downe. After that growing into a familliarity Avith c 10 Sr. George Carew, made now by the King Earle of Tolnesse, a niece of this earls, the daughter of Sr. Peter Carew, who Uv'd a young widow in her uncle's house, fell in love Avith him, which her uncle perceiving, procur'd a marriage betweene them. She had divers children by my father, but only two of them, a sonne and daughter, survived her, Avho died whilst my father was absent from her in Ireland. He led all the time of his .Aviddowhood a very dis- consolate life, carefull for nothing in the Avorld but to educate and advance the sonne and daughter, the deare pledges she had left him, for Avhose sake he quitted himselfe of his employments abroad, and procur'd himselfe the office of Victualler of the Navie, a place then both of credit and greate revenue. His friends, considering his solitude, had procur'd him a match of a very rich widdow, who was a lady of as much discretion as wealth ; but while he was upon this designe he chanc'd to see my mother, att the house of Sr. William St. John, who had married her elder sister, and though he went on his iourney, yett something in her person and behaviour, he carried allong with him, Avhich would not lett him accomplish it, but brought him back to my mother. She was of a noble famely, being the youngest daughter of Sr. John St. John, of Lidiar Tregoz, in the county of Willz; her father and mother died when she Avas not above five yeares of age, and yet at her nurses, from Avhence she Avas carried to be brought up in the house of the Lord Grandison, her father's younger brother, an honorable and excellent person, but married to a lady so iealous of him, and so illnatured in her iealous fitts, to any thing that Avas related to him, that her cruelties to my mother exceeded the stories of stepmothers : the rest of my aunts, my mother's sisters, Avere disperst to severall places, Avhere they grcAV up till my uncle Sr. John St. John being married to the daughter of Sr. Thomas Latcn, they were all againc brought home to their brother's house. There Avere not in those days so many beautifull women found in any famely as these, but my mother Avas by the most iudgements prefere'd before all lier elder sisters, Avho, some- 11 thing envious att it, us'd her unkindly, yett all the suiters that came lo them, still turned their addresses to her, which she in her youth- ful innocency neglected, till one of greater name, estate, and repu- tation then the rest, hapncd to fall deepl}' in love with her, and to manage it so discretely, that my mother could not but entertaine him, and my uncle's wife, Avho had a mother's kindnesse for her, persAvaded her to remoove herselfe from her sisters envie, by going along with her to Isle of Jernsey, where her father was governor ; which she did, and there went into the towne, and boarded in a French minister's house, to learne the languao-e, that minister havina: bene, by the persecution in France, driven to seeke his shelter there. Contracting a deare friendship with this holy man and his Avife, she was instructed in their Geneva discipline, Avhich she liked so much better then our more superstitious service, that she could have bene contented to have liv'd there, had not a powerfull passion in her heart drawn her back. But at her returne she met with many aflictions, the gentleman who had professt so much love to her, in her absence had bene, by most vile practises and treacheries, drawne out of his sences, and into the marriage of a person, whom when he recover'd his reason he hated : but that serv'd only to augment his misfortune, and the circumstances of that story not being necessary to be here inserted, I shall only adde that my mother liv'd in my uncle's house, secretly discontented at this accident, but was com- forted by the kindnesse of my uncle's Avife, who had contracted such an intimate friendship Avith her, that they seemed to have but one soule. And in this kindnesse she had some time a great sollace, till some mallicious persons had Avrought some iealousies Avhich Avere very, groundlesse in my uncle, concerning his wife, but his nature being inclinable to that passion, Avhich Avas fomented in him by subtile wicked persons, and my mother endeavouring to vindicate iniur'd innocence, she Avas herselfe not Avell treated by my uncle, Avhere- upon she left his house, with a resolution to withdraw herselfe into the island, Avhere the good minister Avas, and there to weare out her n life in tlie service of God. While she was deliberating, and had fixt upon it in her owne thoughts, resolving to impart it to none, she was with Sr. William St. John, who had married my aunt, when my father accidentally came in there, and fell so heartily in love with her, that he perswaded her to marry him, which she did, and her melancholly made her conforme chearfully to that gravity of habitt and conversation, wliich was becoming the wife of such a person; who was then 48 yeares of age, and she not above l6. The 1st yeare of their marriage was crown'd with a sonne, call'd after my father's name, and borne at East Smithfield, in that house of the king's, which belong'd to my father's employment in the navie: the next yeare they removed to the Tower of London, whereof my father was made licftenant, and there had 2 sonns more before me and 4 daughters, and two sonnes after: of all which only three sons and two daughters surviv'd him att the time of his death, which was in the sixty-third yeare of his age, after he had three yeares before languisht of a consumption that succeeded a feaver which he gott in the unfortunate voyage to the Isle of Rhee. He died in the month of May 1630, sadly bewail'd by not only all his dependants and relations, but by all that were acquainted ■with him, for he never converst Avith any to whom he was not at some time or in some way beneficiall ; and his nature was so de- lighted in doing good, that it wan him the love of all men, even his enemies, whose envie and mallice it was his custome to overcome with obligations. He had greate naturall parts, but was too active in his youth to stay the heightning of them by study of dead writ- ings, but in the livins; bookes of men's conversations he soone be- came so skillfull that he was never mistaken but where liis owne good would not lett him give creditt to the evill he discern'd in others. He was a most indulgent husband, and no lesse kind to his children; a most noble master, who thought it not enough to main- taine his servants honorably while they were with him, but for all that deserv'd it, provided offices or settlements as for children. He 1 f> io was a father to all his prisoners, sweehiing with such compassionate kindnesse their restraint, that the atliction of a prison was not felt in his dayes. He had a singular kindnesse for all persons that were eminent cither in learning or amies, and when through the ingrati- tude and vice of that age many of the wives and chilldren of queene Elizabeth's glorious captaines were reduc'd to poverty, his purse was their common treasury, and they knew not the inconvenience of decay'd fortunes till he was dead : many of those valliant seamen he maintain'd in prison, many" he redeem'd out of prison and cherish t with an extraordinary bounty. If among his excellencies one out- shin'd the rest, it was the generous liberallity of his mind, wherein goodnesse and greatenesse were so equally distributed that they mu- tually embellisht each other. Pride and coveteousnesse had not the least place in his brest. As he was in love with true honor, so he contemn'd vaine titles, and though in his youth he accepted an addition to his birth, in his riper yeares he refus'd a barondry, which the king offer'd him. He was severe in the regulating of his famely, especially would not endure the least immodest behaviour or dresse in any woman under his roofe. There was nothing he hated more then an insignificant gallant, that could only make his leggs and prune himselfe, and court a lady, but had not braines to employ himselfe in things more suteable to man's nobler sex. Fidelity in his trust, love and loyalty to his prince, Avere not the least of his vertues, but those wherein he was not excell'd by any of his owne or succeeding times. The large estate he reapt by his happie in- dustry," he did many times over as freely resigne againe to the king's service, till he left the greatest part of itt at his death in the king's hands. All his vertues wanted not the crowne of all vertue, piety and true devotion to God. As his life was a continued exercise of faith and charity, it concluded with prayers and blessings, which ' Mrs. Hutchinson, though a republican, does not fail justly to appreciate loyalty. The noble family of Bathur.it, in which that of Apsley is merged by repeated mar- riages, will with good title claim this as their appropriate virtue of inheritance. u were the only coiisola lions his desolate famely could receive in his death. Never did any two better agree in magnanimity and bounty then he and my mother, who seem'd to be acted by the same soule, so little did she grutch any of his liberallities to strangers, or he contradict any of her kindncsse to all her relations; her house being a common home to all of them, and a nursery to their children. He gave her a noble alloAvance of 300/. a yeare for her owne private expence, and had given her all her owne portion to dispose of how she pleas'd, as soone as she was married ; which she suffer'd to encrease in her friend's hands; and what my father allow'd her she spent not in vanities, although she had what was rich and requisite upon occasions, but she lay'd most of it out in pious and charitable uses. Sr. Walter Rawlcigh and Mr. Ruthin being prisoners in the Tower, and addicting themselves to chi- mistrie, she suffer'd them to make their rare experiments at her cost, partly to comfort and divert the poore prisoners, and partly to gaine the knowledge of their experiments, and the medicines to helpe such poore people as were not able to seeke to phisitians. By these means she acquir'd a greate deale of skill, which was veiy profitable to many all her life.' She was not only to these, but to all the other prisoners that came into the Tower, as a mother. All the time she dwelt in the Tower, if any were sick she made them broths and restoratives with her owne hands, visited and tooke care of them, and provided them all necessaries; if any were aflicted ^ This anecdote of Sir Walter Rawlcigh will no doubt attract the notice of the observant reader: it merits to be born in mind, as it will account for a passage in the memoirs, where Mrs. Hutchinson is represented as acting the part of a surgeon in the siege of Nottingham-castle : and as the treatment Sir Allen Apsley and his lady gave their prisoners forms a striking contrast with that which it will appear at the end of the history was practised by some of his successors, at a time when mildness seemed most requisite, and was most professed. Perhaps prejudice will render it incredible that in the Bastile of Paris, which has become a proverbial expression to signify cruel durance, the conduct of the murdered governor resembled that of Sir Allen Apsley; it is never- theless true. 15 she comforted ihem, so that they felt not the inconvenience of a prison wlio were in that place. She was not lesse bountifull to many poore widdowes and orphans, whom officers of higher and lower rank had left behind them as objects of charity. Her owne house was fill'd with distressed families of her relations, whom she sup- plied and maintain'd in a noble way. The care of the Avorship and service of God, both in her soule and her house, and the education of her children, was her principall care. She was a constant fre- quenter of weekeday lectures, and a greate lover and encouragcr of good ministers, and most dilligent in her private reading and devo- tions. When my father was sick she was not satisfied with the attend- ance of all that were about him, but made herselfe his nurse, and cooke, and phisitian, and, through the blessing of God and her indefatigable labours and watching, preserv'd him a greate while longer then the phisitians thought it possible for his nature to hold out. At length when the Lord tooke him to rest she shew'd as much humility and patience, under that greate change, as moderation and bounty in her moie plentifull and prosperous condition, and died in my house at Owthorpe, in the comity of Nottingham, in the yeare 1659- The privelledge of being borne of and educated by such excellent parents, I have often revolv'd with greate thankfull- nesse for the mercy, and humilliation that I did no more emproove it. After my mother had had 3 sons she was very desireous of a daughter, and when the Aveomen at my birth told her I was one, she receiv'd me with a greate deale of ioy; and the nurse's fancy- ing, because I had more complexion and favour then is usuall in so young children, that I should not live, my mother became fonder of me, and more endeavour'd to nurse me. As soone as I ^vns wean d a French woman was taken to be my drie nurse, and I was taught to speake French and English together. My mother, Avhile she Avas Avith child of me, dreamt that she Avas Avalking in the garden Avith my father, and that a starre came doAvne into her hand, Avith 16 other circumstances, which, though I ha\'e often heard, I minded not enough to remember perfecll}' ; only my father told her, her dreame signified she should have a daughter of some extraordinary emi- nency; which thing, like such vaine prophecies, wrought as farre as it could its own accomplishment:' for my father and mother fancying me then beautifull, and more than ordinarily apprehensive, applied all their cares, and spar'd no cost to emproove me jn mv education, which procur'd me the admiration of those that flatter'd my parents. By that time I was foure yeares old I read English j^erfectly, and having a greate memory, I was carried to sermons, and while I was very young could remember and repeate them so exactly, and being caress'd, the love of praise tickled me, and made me attend more heedfully. When I was about 7 yeares of age, I remember I had att one time 8 tutors in severall quallities, languages, musick, dancing, writing, and needlework, but my genius was quite averse from all but my booke, and that I was so eager of, that my mother thinking it preiudic'd my health, -would moderate me in it; yet this rather animated me then kept me back, and every moment I could steale from my play I Avould employ in any booke I could find, when my own were lockt up from me. After dinner and supper I still had an hower allow'd me to play, and then I Avould steale into some hole or other to read. My father Avould have me learne Latine, and I was so apt that I outstript my brothers who were at schoole, allthough my father's chaplaine that was my tutor was a pittifuU dull fellow. My brothers who had a * This is an ingenious way of accounting for the fulfilment of superstitious pre- dictions and expectations, which might frequently with close attention be traced to their source, as is here done. It is clear that in the present case it occasioned a pecu- liar care to be taken of her education; and this again caused her mind and disposition to take that singular stamp which attracted the notice of Mr. Hutchinson, and led her to the highest situation that she could wish for, that of the lady of a counsellor of state in her beloved, but short-lived, republic. When tlie reader shall have followed her to the end of her labors, let him judge whether there could be any situation to which she was not adequate. 17 greate deale of witt, had some emulation at the progrcsse I made ill my learning, which very well pleas'd my father, tho' my mother would have bene contented, I had not so wholly addicted myselfe to that as to neglect my other quallities: as for musick and dancing I profited very little in them, and would never practise my lute or hai'psicords but Avhen my masters were with me; and for my needle I absolutely hated it; play among other children I despis'd, and when 1 was forc'd to entertaine such as came to visitt me, I tir'd them with more grave instructions then their mothers, and pluckt all their babies to pieces, and kept the children in such awe, that they were glad when I entertain'd myselfe with elder company ; to whom I Avas very acceptable, and living in the house Avith many persons that had a greate deale of Avitt; and very profitable serious discourses being frequent at my father's table and in my mother's drawing roome, I Avas very attentive to all, and gather'd up things that I would utter againe to greate admiration of many that tooke my memory and imitation for Avitt. It pleas'd God that thro' the good instructions of my mother, and the sermons she carried me to, I Avas convinc'd that the knoAvledge of God Avas the most excellent study, and accordingly applied myselfe to it, and to practise as I was taught: I us'd to exhort my mother's maides much, and to turne their idle discourses to good subjects; but I thought, Avhen I had done this on the Lord's day, and every day perform'd my due taskes of reading and praying, that then I Avas free to anie thing that Avas not sin, for I Avas not at that time convinc'd of the vanity of conver- sation Avhich Avas not scandalously Avicked, I thought it no sin to learne or heare Avittie songs and amorous sonnetts or poems, and twenty things of that kind, wherein I Avas so apt that I became the confident in all the loves that Avere managed among my mother's young Aveomen, and there was none of them but had many lovers and some particular friends belov'd above the rest; among these I D 18 have ' * * * * * * * — Any one mcntion'd him to me, 1 told them I Imd forgotten those extravagancies of my infancy, and knew noAV that he and I were not equall ; but I could not for many yeares heare his name, without several inward eijiotions * * * Five years after me my mother had a daughter that she nurst at her owne brest, and was infinitely fond of above all the rest, and I being of too seri- ous a temper was not so pleasing to my « ****** * f At this place is a great chasm, many leaves being torn out apparently by the writer herself. ' 8 This sentence appears to relate to some amour in which Mrs. H. was disappointed. Here the story of herself abruptly ends. Great care being taken to \follow the orthography of the writer, the reader need be under no apprehension as to the correctness of the prints though he should find the same xeord spelt differently even in the same line: as unperfect, imperfect \ son, sonne, 8^c. The only deviation we have made from the MS. is in putting the U a?id V in their proper places ; they being xvritten promiscuously. FAC-SIMILE OF MRS. HUTCHINSON'S HAND-WRITINGj TAKEN PROM HER THEOLOGICAL REMARKS. rr^ cvnj art vas intrusted with for the be- nefitt of all, and particularly hi* owne posterity, I must withhold a greate part from them, I hope I shall be pardon'd for drawing an imperfect image of him, especially when even the rudest draught that endeavours to counterfeit him, will have much delightfull love- lienesse in it. Let not excesse of love and delight in the streame make us for- gett the fountaine, he and all his excellencies came fi'om God, and floAv'd back into their owne spring; there lett us seeke them, thither lett us hasten after him ; there having found him, lett us cease to bewaile among the dead that which is risen, or rather was immortall; his soule converst with God so much when he was here, that it reioyces to be now eternally freed from interruption in that blessed exercise; his vertues were recorded in heaven's annalls, and can never perish, by them he yett teaches us and all those to whose knowledge they shall arrive: 'tis only his fetters, his sins, his in- firmities, his diseases, that are dead never to revive againe, nor would wee have them; they were his enemies and ours; by faith in Christ he vanquisht them : our coniunction, if wee had any with him, was nndissoluble, if wee were knitt together by one spiritt into one body of Christ, wee are so still, if wee were mutually united in one love of God, good men, and goodnesse, wee -are so still; what is it then we waile in his remoove ? the distance ? faithlesse fooles ! sorrow only makes it; let us but ascend to God in holy ioy for the greate grace given his poore servant, and he is there Avith us. He is only remoov'd from the mallice of his enemies, for which wee should not expresse love to him in being aflicted, wee may mourne for our- selves that Avee come so tardily after him, that wee want his guide and assistance in our way, and yet if our teares did not putt out our eies wee should see him even in heaven, holding forth his flaming lamp of vertuous examples and precepts to light us through the darke world. It is time that I Ictt in to your knowledge that splen- dor which while it chcares and enlightens your heavy senses, let us remember to give all his and all our glorie to God alone, who is the father and fountaine of all lia-ht and excellence. Desiring, if my treacherous memory have not lost the dearest treasure that ever I committed to its trust, to relate to you his holy, vertuous, honorable life, I would put his picture in the front of his booke,' but my unskillfull hand will iniure him. Yet to such of you as have not scene him to remember his person, I leave this — ' The editor is happy to have it in his power to do this in a manner that will be gratifying to the lovers of the arts. The original pictures of Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson, HIS DESCRIPTION. He was of a middle stature, of a slender and exactly well-pro- portion'd shape in all parts, his complexion fair, his hayre of a light brownc, very thick sett in his youth, softer then the finest silke, curling into loose greatc rings att the ends, his eies of a lively grey, well- shaped and full of life and vigour, graced with many becoming motions, his visage thinne, his mouth well made, and his lipps very ruddy and gracefull, allthough the nether chap shut over the upper, yett it was in such a manner as was not unbecoming, his teeth were even and white as the purest ivory, his chin was something long, and the mold of his face, his forehead was not very high, his nose was rays'd and sharpe, but withall he had a most amiable countenance, which carried in it something of magnanimity and maiesty mixt with sweetenesse, that at the same time bespoke love and awe in all that saw him; his skin was smooth and white, his legs and feete excellently well made, he was quick in his pace and turnes, nimble and active and gracefull in all his motions, he was apt for any bodily exercise, and any that he did became him, he could dance admirably avcII, but neither in youth nor riper yeares made any prac- tise of it, he had skill in fencing such as became a gentleman, he had a greate love to musick, and often diverted himselfe with a viol], on which he play'd masterly, he had an exact eare and iudge- ment in other musick, he shott excellently in bowes and gunns, and much us'd them for his exercise, he had greate iudgment in paint- ings," graving, sculpture, and all liberal arts, and had man}^ curio- sities of valine in all kinds, he tooke greate delight in perspective with their two ciiildren, were found by him in their house at Owthorpe, and are now deposited, along with the manuscript, at Messrs. Longman's and Co. ^ There remained some fcwof tliese at Owtliorpe unspoiled, but many were spoiled by neglect, at the death of the last possessor. olasses, and for his oilier rarities was not so much affected widi the antiquity as die merit of the worke — he tooke much pleasure in em- proovement of grounds, in planting groves and walkes, and fruite- trees, in opening springs and making fish-ponds ;' of couni ry recrea- tions he lov'd none but hawking, and in that was very eager and much delighted for the time he us'd it, but soone left it of; he Avas wonderful neate, cleanly and gentile in his habitt, and had a very good fancy in it, but he left off very early the wearing of aniething that was costlj^, yett in his plainest negligent habitt appear'd very much a gentleman ; he had more addresse than force of body, yet the courage of his soule so supplied his members that he never wanted strength when he found occasion to employ it; his conversa- tion Avas very pleasant for he Avas naturally chearfull, had a ready Avitt and apprehension; he A\'as eager in every thing he did, earnest in dispute, but Avithall very rationall, so that he was seldome over- come, CA^ery thing that it Avas necessary for him to doe he did Avith delight, free and unconstrein'd, he hate.d cerimonious complement, but yett had a naturall civillity and complaisance to all people, he was of a tender constitution, but through the vivacity of his spiritt could undergo labours, Avatchings and iourneyes, as Avell as any of stronger compositions; he Avas rhcumatick, and had a long sicknesse and distemper occasion'd diercby two or three y cares after the Avarre ended, but elce for the latter lialfe of his life Avas healthy the' tender, in his youth and childhood he Avas sickly, much troubled Avith Avcaknesse and tooth akes, but then his spiritts carried him through them ; he Avas very patient under sicknesse or payne or any common accidints, but yet upon occasions, though never without iust ones, he would be very angrie, and had exen in that such a grace as made him to be fear'd, yet he Avas never outragious in ' Many traces of his taste, judgment, and industry, in each of these, were to be seen at the distance of 140 years. 6 passion; he had a very good facultie in perswading, and would speake very well pertinently and effectually without premeditation upon the greatest occasions that could be off'er'd, for indeed his iudgment was so nice, that he could never frame any speech before- hand to please himselfe, but his invention was so ready and wise- dome so habituall in all his speeches, that he never had reason to repent himselfe of speaking at any time without ranking the Avords beforehand, he was not talkative yett free of discourse, of a veiy spare diett, not much given to sleepe, an early riser when in health, he never was at any time idle, and hated to see any one elce soe, in all his naturall and ordinary inclinations and composure, there was somthing extraordinary and tending to vertue, beyond what I can describe, or can be gather'd from a bare dead description; there was a life of spiritt and power in him that is not to be found in any copie drawne from him : to summe up therefore all that can be sayd of his outward frame and disposition wee must truly conclude, that it was a very handsome and well furnisht lodging prepared for the reception of that prince, who in the administration of all excellent vertues reign'd there awhile, till he was called back to the pallace of the universall emperor."" HIS VERTUES. To number his vertues, is to give the epitome of his life," which was nothing elce but a progresse from one degree of vertue to an- ■" Is not here Plato's system pourtiay'd in language worthy of that sublime and eloquent philosopher ? ° Highly panegyrical as the character Mrs. Hutchinson here gives of her husband may appear, yet every point of it will be completely exemplified in the narrative ; but if the widow's fondness for his memory should have led her into some excess, who will blame it ? other, till in a sliort time he arriv'd to that height, which many longer lives could never reach, and had I but the power of rightly disposing and relating them, his single example would be more in- structive then all the rules of the best morallists, for his practise was of a more dcvine extraction, drawne from the word of God, and wrought up by the assistance of his Spiritt; therefore in the head of all his vertues, I shall sett that which was the head and spring of them all, his Christianity — for this alone is the true royall blood that runs through the whole body of vertue, and every pretender to that glorious famely, who hath no tincture of it, is an imposter and a spurious bratt. This is that sacred fountaine which baptizeth all the gentile vertues, that so immortalize the names of Cicero, Plutarch, Seneca, and all the old philosophers ; herein they are regenerated and take a new name and nature ; dig'd up in the willdernesse of nature, and dipt in this living spring, they are planted and flourish in the Paradice of God. By Christianitie I intend that universal 1 habitt of grace which is wrought in a soule by the regenerating spiritt of God Avhereby the •whole creature is resigned up into the divine will and love, and all its actions design'd to the obedience and glory of its maker. Assoone as he had improov'd his naturall understanding with the acquisition of learning, the first studies he exercised himselfe in, were principles of religion, and the first knowledge he labour'd for was a knowledge of God, which by a dilligent examination of the scripture, and the severall doctrines of greate men pretending that ground he at length obtein'd. — Afterward when he had layd a sure and orthodox foun- dation in the doctrine of the free grace of God given us by Jesus Christ, he began to survey the superstructures, and to discover much of the hay and stubble of man's inventions in God's Avorship which his spiritt burnt up in the day of their triall. His faith being established in the truth, he was full of love to God and all his E 8 saints." He hated persecution for religion, and was alhvayes a cham- pion for all religious people against all their greate oppressors. He detested all scoffes att any practise of worship though such a one as he was not perswaded of Whatever he practiz'd in religion was neither for faction nor advantage, but contrary to it, and purely for con- science sake. As he hated outsides in religion so could he worse endure, those apostacies and those denialls of the Lord and base compliances with his adversaries, which timorous men practise under the name of prudent and iust condescensions to avoid perse- cution. Christianity being in him as the fountaine of all his vertues, and diffusing itselfe into every streame, that of his Prudence falls into the next mention. He from a child was wise, and sought to by many that might have bene his fathers for councell, Avhich he could excellently give to himselfe and others, and whatever crosse event in any of his affaires may give occasion to fooles to overlooke the wisedome of the designe, yett he had as greate a foresight, as strong a iudgment, as cleare an apprehension of men and things as no man more. He had rather a firme impression than a greate memory, yett he was forgettful of nothing but injuries. His owne integritie made him credulous of other mens, till reason and experience convinc'd him, and as unapt to believe cautions which could not be receiv'd without entertaining ill opinions of men, yet he had wisedome enough never to conmiitt himselfe to a traytor, though he was once wickedly betrey'd by friends whom necessity and not mistake forc'd him to trust.'' He was as ready to heare as to give councell, and never peitinacious in his will when his reason was convinc'd. There was " Saints. An expression commonly used in that time to signify good and religious people. p It is not known what peculiar transaction this refers to, though it may be con- jectured to refer to the false protestations of Monk and Sir Ashley Cooper at the restoration ; whom he and many others trusted much against their will. 9 no opinion whicli he was most settled in either concerning devine or humane things but he would patiently and impartially heare it de- bated. In matters of faith his reason allwayes submitted to the word of God, and what he could not comprehend he would believe be- cause 'twas written, but in all other things, the greatest names in the world could never lead him without reason : he would deliberate when there was time, but never lost an oppertunity of anie thing that was to be done by tedious dispute. He would heare as well as speake, and yet never spoke impertinently or unseasonabl3^ He very well understood himselfe his owne advantages, naturall parts, guifts, and acquirements, yett so as neither to glorie of them to others, nor overvallue himselfe for them, for he had an excellent vertuous modesty, Avhich shutt out all vanity of mind, and yett ad- mitted that true understanding of himselfe which was requisite for the best improovcment of all his tallents; he no lesse understood and was more hecdfull to remarke his defects, imperfections, and disad- vantages, but that too only to excite his circums])ection concerning them, not to damp his spiritt in any noble enterprize. He had a noble spiritt of governement, both in civill, military, and oecumeni- call'' administrations, which forc'd even from unwilling subjects a love and reverence of him, and endear'd him to the soules of those rejoyc'd to be govern'd by him. He had a native maiesty that struck an awe of him into the hearts of men, and a sweete great- nesse that commanded love. He had a cleare discerning of men's spirits, and knew how to give every one their iust weight, he con- temn d none that were not wicked, in whatever low degree of nature or fortune they were otherwise : where-ever he saw wisedome, learn- ing, or other vertues in men, he honor'd them highly, and admir'd them to their full rate, but never gave himselfe blindly up to the conduct of the greatest master. Love itselfe, which Avas as power- •> CEcumenicall — Domestick. 10 lull ill his as in any soule, rallier quick'ned tlien blinded the eies of his iudgment in discerning the imperfections of those that were most deare to him. His soule ever reign'd as king in the internall throne, and never was caplive to his sence; religion and reason, its two favour'd councellors, tooke order that all the passions kept within their owne just bounds, there did him good service, and fuither'd the publick Aveale. He found such fehcity in that proportion of wisedome that he enjoyed, as he was a greate lover of that which advanc'd it, learning and the arts, which he not only honor'd in others, but had by his industry arrived to be himselfe a farre greater schollar then is absolutely requisite for a gentleman. He had many excellent attainements, but he no lesse evidenc'd his wisedome in knowing how to ranke and use them, then in gaining them. He had witt enough to have bene subtile and cunning, but he so ab- hoiT'd dissimulation that I cannot say he was either. Greatenesse of^ ■courage would not suffer him to put on a vizard, to secure him from any, to retire into the shaddow of privacy and silence was all his prudence could effect in him. It Avill be as hard to say which was the predominant vertue in him, as which is so in its owne nature. He was as excellent in iustice as in wisedome — the greatest advan- tage, nor the greatest danger, nor the dearest interest or friend in the world could not prevaile on him to pervert justice even to an enemie. He never profess'd the thing he intended not, nor pro- mis'd what he believ'd out of his owne power, nor fail'd the per- formance of aniething that was in his power to fullfill. Never fear- ing aniething he could suffer for the truth, he never at any time would refreine a true or give a false witnesse; he lov'd truth so much that he hated even sportive lies and gulleries. He was so just to his owne honour that he many times forbore things lawfull and delightfull to him, rather than he would give any one occasion of scandal]. Of all lies he most hated hipocrisie in religion, either to compile with changing governments or persons, without a reall per- 11 swasion of conscience, or to practise holy things to gett the applause of men or any advantage. — As in ReUgion so in Friendship, he never profest love when he had it not, nor disguiz'd hate or aver- sion, which indeed he never had to any party or person, but to their sins : and lov'd even his bitterest enemies so well, that I am wit- nesse how his soule mourn'd for them, and how heartely he desir'd their conversion. If he were defective in any part of iustice, it was when it was in his power to punish those who had iniur'd him, whom I have so often knowne him to recompence Avith favours in- stead of revenge, that his friends us'd to tell him if they had any occasion to make him favourably partiall to them they would pro- voke him by an iniury. He Avas as faithfull and constant to his friends as mercifull to his enemies : nothing griev'd him more than to be oblieg'd, Avhere he could not hope to returne itt. He that was a rock to all assaults of might and violence, was the gentlest easie soule to kindnesse, that the least warme sparke of that melted him into aniething that was not sinfull. There never was a man more exactly iust in the performance of duties to all relations and all persons. Honor, obedience, and love to his father, were so naturall and so lasting in him, that it is impossible to imagine a better sonne than he was, and whoever would pray for a blessing in children to any one, could but wish them such a sonne as he.' He never re- pined at his father's will in aniething, how much soever it were to his preiudice, nor would endure to lieare anie one say his father was not so kind to him as he might have bene, but to his dying day preserv'd his father's memory with such tender affection and reve- rence as was admirable, and had that high regard for his mother-in- law and the children she brought his father, as he could not have bene more dearly concern'd in all their interest if she had bene his ' This we shall find called in question by his mother-in-law, and will be discussed in the course of the history. 12 owne mother — which all things consider'd, although they were de- serving persons, was an example of piety and goodnesse that will not easily be matcht. For coniugul affection to his wife, it was such in him, as whosoever would draw out a rule of honour, kind- nesse, and religion, to be practiz'd in that estate, need no more, but exactly draw out his example; never man had a greater passion for a woman, nor a more honourable esteeme of a wife, yet he was not uxorious, nor remitted not that iust rule which it w^as her honor to obey, but manag'd the reines of governement with such prudence and affection that she who would not delight in such an honourable and advantagcable subjection, must have wanted a reasonable soule: he govern'd by perswasion, which he never employ 'd but to things honorable and profitable for herselfe: he lov'd her soule and her honor more than her outside, and yet he had even for her person a constant indulgence, exceeding the common temporary passions of the most uxorious fooles: if he esteem'd her att a higher rate then she in herselfe could have deserv'd, he was the author of that vertue he doted on, while she only reflected his own glories upon him : all that she was, Avas him, while he was here, and all that she is now at best but his pale shade. So liberall was he to her and of so gene- rous a temper, that he hated the mention of sever'd purses : his estate being so much at her dispose that he never would receive an account of aniething she expended ; so constant was he in his love, that when she ceast to be young and lovely, he began to shew most fondnesse, he lov'd her at such a kind and generous rate as words cannot expresse, yet even this, which was the highest love he or anie man could have, was yet bounded by a superior, he lov'd her in the Lord as his fellow creature, not his idoll, but in such a man- ner as shew'd that an affection bounded in the just rules of duty, far exceeds every way all the iiTCgular passions in the world. He lov'd God above her and all the other dear pledges of his heart, 13 and at his command and for his glorie chearefully resign'd them. He was as kinde a father, as deare a brother, as good a master, and as faithfull a friend as the world had, yet in all these relations, the greatest indulgence he could have in the Avorld never prevail'd on him to indulge vice in any the dearest person, but the more deare any was to him, the more was he offended at any thing that might take of the lustre of their glorie. As he had great severity against errors and follies pertinaciously persued, so had he the most merciful, gentle, and compassionate frame of spiritt that can be imagin'd to those who became sensible of their errors and frailties, although they had bene never so iniurious to himselfe. Nor was his soulc lesse shining in honor then in love. Pietie being still the bond of all his other vertues, there Avas nothing he durst not doe or suffer, but sin against God, and therefore as he never regarded his life in any noble and just enterprize, so he never staked it in any rash or unwarrantable hazard. He was never sur- priz'd, amaz'd, nor confounded Avith greate difficulties or dangers, which rather serv'd to animate then distract his spiritts: he had made up his accounts with life and death, and fixt his purpose to entertaine both honorably, so that no accident ever dismay'd him, but he rather reioic'd in such troublesome conflicts as might signa- lize his generosity. A truer or more lively vallour there never was in anie man, but in all his actions, it ever marcht in the same file with Avisedome. He understood well, and as Avell perform'd Avhen he undertooke it, the millitary art in all parts of it: he naturally lov'd the employment as it suited Avith his active temper, more then any, conceiving a mutual delight in leading those men that lov'd his con- duct; and Avhen he commanded souldiers, never Avas man more loved and reverenced by all that Avere under him: for he would never condiscend to them in anie thing they mutinously sought, nor suffer them to seeke what it Avas fitt for him to provide, but prevented 14 them by his loving care ; and while he exevcis'd his authority no way but in keeping them to their iust duty, they ioy'd as much in his commands, as he in their obedience : he was very liberall to them, but ever chose iust times and occasions to^exercise it. I can- not say whether he were more truly magnanimous or lesse proud : he never disdain'd the meanest person nor flatter'd the greatest ; he had a loving and sweete courtesie to the poorest, and would often employ many spare howers with the connnonest souldiers and poorest labourers, but still so ordering his familliarity as it never rays'd them to a contempt, but entertained still at the same time a reverence with love of him : he ever preserv'd himselfe in his owne rank, neither being proud of it so as to despise any inferior, nor letting fall that iust decorum which his honor obliged him to keepe up. He was as farre from envie of superiors as from contemning them that were under him : he was above the ambition of vaine titles, and so well contented with the even ground of a gentleman, that no invitation could have prevailed upon him to advance one step that way; he lov'd substantiall not ayrie honor: as he was above seeking or delighting in emptie titles for himself, so he neither denied nor envied any man's due precedency, but pittied those that tooke a glorie in that which had no foundation of vertue. As little did he seeke after popular applause, or pride himselfe in it, if at any time it cried up his just deserts ; he more delighted to doe well then to be prays'd, and never sett vulgar commendations at such a rate, as to act contrary to his owne conscience or reason for the obteining them, nor would forbear a good action which he was bound to, though all the world disliked it, for he ever look'd on things as they were in themselves, not through the dimme spectacles of vulgar estimation. As he was farre from a vaine affectation of popularity, so he never neglected that iust care that an honest man ought to have of his reputation, and was as carefull to avoyd the 15 appearances of evill as evill itselfe ; but if he were evill spoken of for truth or righteousnesse sake, he rejoyc'd in taking up the re- proach ; which all good men that dare beare their testimony against an evill generation must suffer. Though his zeale for truth and vertue, caus'd the wicked with the sharpe edges of their mallicious tongues, to attempt to shave of the glories from his head, yett his honor springing from the fast roote of vertue, did but grow the thicker and more beautiful for all their endeavours to cut it ' of. He was as free from avarice as from ambition and pride. Never had any man a more contented and thankfull heart for the estate that God had given, but it was a very narrow compasse for the exercise of his greate heart. He lov'd hospitallity as much as he hated riott : he could contentedly be without things beyond his reach, though he tooke very much pleasure in all those noble delio-hts that exceeded not his faculties. In those thinos that were of meere pleasure, he lov'd not to aime at that he could not attaine : he would rather weare clothes absolutely plaine, then pretending to gallantry, and would rather chuse to have none then meane iewells or pictures, and such other things as were not of absolute necessity : he would rather give nothing then a base reward or present, and upon that score, liv'd very much retir'd, though his nature were very sociable and delighted in going into and receiving company ; because his fortune would not allow him to doe it in such a noble manner as suited with his mind. He was so truly magnanimous that prosperity could never lift him up in the least, nor give him any tincture of pride or vaineglory, nor diminish a generall aflfabillity, curtesie, and civillity, that he had allwayes to all persons. When he was most exalted he was most mercifull and compassionate to those that were humbled. At the ' Samson and Dulilah. F 16 same time that he vanquisht any enemie, he cast away all his ill- will to him, and entertain'd thoughts of love and kindnesse as soone as he ceast to be in a posture of opposition. He Avas as farre from meannesse as from pride, as truly generous as humble, and shew'd his noble spiritt more in adversity then in his prosperous condition : he vanquisht all the spite of his enemies by his manly suffering, and all the contempts they could cast at him were theirs, not his, shame. His whole life was the rule of temperance in meate, drinke, ap- parell, pleasure, and all those things that may be lawfully enjoy 'd, and herein his temperance was more excellent then in others, in whom it is not so much a vertue, but proceeds from want of appetite or gust of pleasure ; in him it was a true, wise, and religious go- vernement of the desire and delight he tooke in the things he en- joy'd. He had a certeine activity of spiritt which could never endure idlenesse either in himselfe or others, and that made him eager for the time he indulg'd it as well in pleasure as in businesse ; indeed, though in his youth he exercis'd innocent sports a little while, yett afterwards his businesse was his pleasure ; but how mtent soever he were in aniething, how much soever it delighted him, he could freely and easily cast it away when God called him to something elce. — He had as much modesty as could consist with a true vertuous assurance, and hated an impudent person. Neither in youth nor riper age could the most faire or enticeing weomen ever draw him so much as into unnecessary familliarity or vaine converse or dalliance with them, yet he despis'd nothing of the female sex but their follies and vanities ; wise and vertuous weomen he lov'd, and delighted in all pure, holy, and nnblameable conver- sation with them, but so as never to excite scandall or temptation. Scurrilous discourse even among men he abhorr'd, and though he sometimes tooke pleasure in witt and mirth, yett that which was 17 mixt with impurity he never would endure. The heate of his youth a httle encUn'd him to the passion of anger, and the goodnesse of his nature to those of love and griefe, but reason was never de- thron'd by them, but continued governesse and moderator in his soul.' ' In this place Mrs. Hutchinson has written, " All this and more is true, but I so much dislike the manner of relating it, that I will make another assay." And accord- ingly she proceeds to write his character over again, but it has the appearance of being much more laboured, and much less characteristick, and therefore the former is pre- ferred. At the same place is written : " This book was written by Lucy, the widow and relict of Col. John Hutchinson, of Owthorp." J. H. (Julius Hutchinson, grandfather of the Editor.) ^ lothEdw.I.iiSJ. The daughter of Barnard Hutchin-" -John Boyvill, Esq. son, Esq. of Cow- lam, Co. Ebor. Robert Hutchinson._D.ught.rof New. John HutcWmson-pEdcth, daughwrof Mary Hutchinson.-W^Iiam Sutton of comme of Salftect- William Would- Wasscnbroughe. hie, of Wouldbie. Barbara Hutchinson.— Lewis Ashion, of James Hutchinson,- Spalding, Esq. of Cowlam. -Ursula.daughterof Mr. Gregory, of Naffortonne. Julia Hutchinson.— Allyne Bruxbie.of Margaret Hutchinson.— William Champer- Shobie, Esq. nownc, Esq. John Hutchinson, »d son of James. -Dauehter of John Barbara Hutchinson.-John Ha.horn., of William Hutchinson.-p.'Vnne. daughter of Second daughter.-John Ocam, Esq. Elenor Hutchinson^ThomasBrown.Esq. - ^ - ■" Cransweke, Esq. of Cowlam, Esq. William Bennet.of Theckley, Esq. Conycrs, Esq. OliverHitchinson.-Daughter of John Judith.daughterof-AnthouyHutchin-pnabel. daugh.er Mary Hutchinson. -J ervas Abtoste. Alice Hutchinson—William English. Tindall, Esq. Thomas CrosUnd, Esq. first wift- son, of Cowlam. of Robert Harvie, Esq. Edmond, ancth son. Leonard, fifth son. John, third son, William Hutchin-pBridget, d.iughtcr of Thomas Hutchinson, Esq. eldest WilHam Cake, of of OweChorpe, Esq. Weslharleton, Esq- ad son. The daughter and heir Richard,the fourth son, Francis, the seventh Andrew, the eighth of Mr. Drax, of Kynol- ton, county Notts. supposed to have gone son. to Ireland. Grizell, eldest — John Reeps, Esq. daughierofWil- William Hutchin- son, of Cowlam^ Esq. Ann, daughter of Joyce, »d daugh — Thomas Beed, ."THenry Layborne. tcr. Isabell, third — Thomas Cooke, daughter. WilliamHutchinson, The daughter of John Hutchinson, — Mary, daughter of of Owechorpe, Esq. TMr. Watson. of Bafsford. Mr. Chamberlaine. Eldest daughter. — John Eplcthwatt. William Hutchinson, — Daughter of Mr. Dal- of Wykome Abbey, tJn.of Kirby overCarr, Com. Ebor. Com. Ebor. Second daughter. — Richard Garret. Elizabeth, ttie third — Mr. Bonncyeaton, Isabell, the second — Mr. Smith, of the Jane. daughter. of Grcasby Castle, daughter. Monks, near Lin- coln. -Thomas Ellis, of Jane, daughter of— Thomas Hutchinson. Wyhara, Esq. Sir George Pier- ofOwethorpe, Esq. point. Sir William Fitz- William, temp. R. Elizabetha:. ThomaiHutchinson.of. Owethorpe, Esq. f_Jane, daughter j Mr.Sachevcrell, I Soar, in the coi I: .Elenor.daughterofMr. GeorgeZouche.ofCod- nor, county of Derby. ^hter and coheir of r.Sachevcrell,of Ratclifupon county of Notts. Dorothy Hutchinson. — .... Warren Esq. Sir William Fitzwilliam, John, Maiy, and Phi- lippa. Margaret. Sir John Biron. I John and Richard, Lords Margaret. Sir Thomas Hutchinson, Knt. ob. i8 August,__Catherinc, daughter of Sir John Stanhope, of Elvaston, Jane Hutchinson. — .... Grantham. Biron, five more sons and j 164.3, set. js. buried at St. Paul's, Covent-Xand sister of Philip, Earl of Chesterfield, ob. 1694., ait. one daughter. Garden, Middlesex. 101. Buried at St. Paul's Covent-Garden, Middlesex. 1 I Col lohr Hutchi nson, Ob. ,,S.p ember, .661, zt. 49. Lucie, daughter of Sir Allen George Hutchinson. R arham, daughter Apsley, Lieut. oftheTowerof TofSirAllenApsley, London, to King Charles I. I ob. [6(14., xt. 75. diea i. p. Isabella. Charles Cotton, of Charles. Ob. 1695,. I Berrislord, county ;et. 57. Buried at I of Derby, Esq. Owethorpe. One son and four daughters. Berisford, son and heir. Oliver mar. Dr. Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury; Katherine married Sir B. Lucy ; and Jane married Beaumont Parkins, county of Notts. Esq. .Isabella, daughter and coheir of Sir Francis Boiiler, of Hat- field Woodhall, Kent. Edward, Lucius, & fourdaughierc. Ob. s. p. Thomas Hutchinson. Ob. s. p. —Jane, daugbterof Sir. Alexander Ratcliife. John Hutchin: third son. TA daughter of ... . Morgan, of Wales. Issue two sons. Charles and Francis, first and second sons. Ob. s. p. Thomas and Botiler, Stanhope & Francis, thirdandfourchsons. fifth and sixth sons, Ob. s. p. Ob. s. p. Julius Hutchinson.~y-Betty, Willi daughter of John, Earl of Ken — Elizabeth. — John Hamilton, Earl Isabella. L Norton, of nedy, eldest son of of Ruglen. Second Ob. cxI. Weltow, Co. Hants, the Earl of Cassilis. husband. Esq. First husband. Sir Allen Apsley, Lieutenant of the. Tower to James and Cliarlt ' '---Lucy, St. Jol d.aughtcr of Sir William John. pAnn, daughter of Botiler. I SirRd.Wrottesley, Ob.ca;!. Charles. — Ann Hanson. Ob. 9. p. Elizabeth, daughter-pNorton.-r-Judith Scharm. of Dr. P. Waldo. Sir Alien Apsley .-^-F ranees, daughter and heir of . Pctre, of Bowkay, Esq. Lucy, married to Col. Huti;hinson, Barbara, married to Lieut. Col. Hutchinson. Sir Peter Apsley. 's,-pSir. Benjamin Bathurst. Thomas and Julim, Ob. cal. Julius. Ob, carl. iabella.— Richard Norton.Esq. of Ixworth Abbey. Julius. (The Editor.) Thomas. Casandra. Peter. Ob.ca:l. Catherine. - Heiress. -Allen, Lord fiatburtt. Peter, of Claren- don Park. Ben/amin, of Lyd- ney Park. MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF COL. HUTCHINSON, 19 THE LIFE OF JOHN HUTCHINSON, OF OJVTHORPE, IN THE COUNTY OF NOTTINGHAM, ESQUIREo He was the eldest surviving sonne of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson, and' the lady Margarelt, his first wife, one of the daughters of Sr. John Biron, of Newsted, in the same county, two persons so eminently vertuous and pious in their generations, that to descend from them was to sett up in the world upon a good stock of honor, which oblieg'd their posterity to improove it, as much as it was their pri- velledge to inheritt tlieir parents glories. Sr. Thomas was he that remoov'd his dwelling to Owthorpe; his father, though he was pos- sessor of that lordship, having dAvelt at Cropwell, another towne, within two miles wherein he had an inheritance, which if I mistake not was the place where those of the family that begun to settle the name in this county first fixt their habitation. The famely for many generations past have bene of good repute in Yorkshire, and there is yett a gentleman in that county, descendant of the elder house, that possesses a faire estate and reputatioa in his father's auncient inheritance." They have bene in Nottinghamshire for generations; wherein I observe that as if there had bene an Agrarian law in the famely, assoon as they arrived to any considerable fortune beyond " AtWykeham Abbey, in the county of York, where it is believed they still reside. 20 his who was first transplanted hither, they began other houses, of which one is soone decay 'd and worne out in an unwoorlhy branch (he of Basford) another begins to flourish, and long may it prosper." It is further observable in their descent that though none of them before Sr. Thomas Hutchinson advanc'd beyond an esquire, yet they successively matcht into all the most eminent and noble famelies in the country, which shewes that it was the unambitious genius of the famely rather then their want of meritt which made them keepe upon so even a ground after their first atchievements had sett them on a stage elevated enough from the vulgar to per- forme any honorable and vertuous actions, I spoke with one old man who had knoAvne five generations of them in these parts, where their hospitalit}^ their love to their country, their plaine and honest conversation with all men, their generous and vmambitious inclina- tions, had made the famely continue as well belov'd and reputed as any of the prouder houses in the country." Although they chang'd not their titles, yet every succession encreast the reall honor of their house. One disadvantage they had, that few of them were so long Hv'd as to prevent their sons from the bondage of wardship, whereby they fell into the hands of wicked guardians, that defac'd instead of cultivating their seates, and made every heir a new planter. Sir Thomas Hutchinson, as I have heard, was not above eight yeares of age when his father died, and his wardship fell into the hands of an unworthy person, Sr. German Poole, who did him so many iniu- ries, that he was faine, after he came of age, to have suites with him. This so rays'd the mallice of the wicked man that he watcht an opportunity to assassinate him unawares, and as Sr. Thomas was landing out of a boate at the Temple staires in London, Poole "" It stood only two generations ; the last possessor, who was the great grandson of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, directing by his will the estate to be sold, and the produce given to strangers. ^ Sir Thomas Hutchinson's son and grandson fell no way short of him in this. n having on a private coate, with some wicked assistants, before he was aware, gave him some cutts on the head and his left hand that was upon the boate ; but he full of courage drew his sword, runne at Poole and broke his weapon, which could not enter his false armor, whereupon he runne in to him, resolv'd not to be murther'd without leaving some marke on the villaine; he bitt of his nose, and then, by the assistance God sent him of an honest waterman, being rescued, he was carried away, so sorely wounded that his life was in some danger: but the fact being made publick, his honorable carriage in it procur'd him a great deale of glory, and his adversary carried the marke of his shame to the grave/ After this returning into the country, he there liv'd with very much love, honor, and repute; but having bene toss'd up and downe in his youth, and in- terrupted in his studies, he grew into such an excessive humor of bookes, that he wholly addicted himselfe to them, and deepely en- gaging in schoole divinity, spent even his houres of meate and sleepe among his bookes, with such eagernesse, that though he himselfe attain'd a high reputation of learning thereby, and indeed a greate improovement in wisedome and pietie, yett he too much deprived his deare friends and relations of his conversation. When he was enter'd into this studious life, God tooke from him his deare wife, who left him only two weake children; and then being extreamly aflicted for so deplorable a losse, he entertained his melancholy '' This is a singular tale^ and savours almost too much of the ridiculous for the gravity of an historian : however Rushworth recites a story of this same man not a little resembling it. In the appendix to his 2d vol. " Sir German Poole vowed re- venge against a Mr. Brighthouse, shot two pistols at him out of a window, set two ser- vants on him with swords, who ran him through the cloak between the arm and body, but killed him not, he defending himself effectually till Sir German came on, who wounded him, and for which he and another were committed to the Fleet, fined llOOl. &c." This does not seem to have cured him; perhaps the mark set on him by Sir Thomas H. succeeded better. Did Charles the Second take the hint from this when he set assassins to slit Mr. Coventry's nose, which caused the Coventry act to pass? 22 among the old fathers and schoolemen, instead of diverting it, and having furnisht himselfe Avith the choycest hbrary in that part of England, it drew to him all the learned and religious men there- abouts, who found better resolutions from him then from any of his bookes. Living constantly in the country, he could not be ex- empted from administ'ring justice among them, which he did with such equitie and wisdome, and was such a defender of the coun- trie's interest, that, without affecting it at all, he grew the most po- pular and most belov'd man in the country, even to the envie of those prouder greate ones that despis'd the common interest. What others sought, he could not shun, being still sought by the whole county, to be their representative, to which he was several times elected,^ and ever faithful to his trust and his countries in- terest, though never approoving violence and faction. He was a man of a most moderate and wise spiritt, but still so enclin'd to favour the oppressed saints and honest people of those times, that, though he conformed to the government, the licentious and profane encroachers upon common native rights branded him Avith the re- proach of the world, though the glory of good men, Puritanisme; yet notwithstanding he continued constant to the best interest, and died at London in the year 1643, a sitting member of that glorious Parliament that so generously attempted, and had almost effected, England's perfect liberty. He was a person of greate beautie and comelinesse in all ages,' of a bounteous and noble nature, of cleare ^ He was omitted only in that parliament which was chosen at a time when he and other patriots were imprisoned to prevent their being re-elected. See note % page 30. =■ His picture remained at Owthorpe, and very well justified this description. For the bounty and nobleness of his nature take this instance from Thoroton's histoiy of Notts. " Henry Sacheverell, Esq. being dissatisfied with his only daughter for an improper marriage, left his whole estate at Ratcliff upon Soar to Sir Thomas Hutch- inson, his sister's son, who willingly divided it with the disinherited lady." His moiety came afterwards to Alderman Ireton, being saciificed to him through necessity by Col. Hutchinson, as will hereafter be shewn. -23 courage, sweete and aflable conversation, of a publick spiritt, of greate prudence and reputation, a true lover of all pious learned persons, and no lesse of honest plaine people, of a most tender conscience, and therefore declaring much ior and endeavouring mo- deration, if it had bene possible in the beginning of our wans that the greatest wisedome could have cast on any dropps of healing councel, to have allay'd the furious rage of both parties. Though never man was a deeper nor truer mourner than he for his first wife, yett that long dropping griefe did but soften his heart for the im- pression of a second love, which he conceiv'd for a very honorable and beautifull lady, who was Katherine the youngest daughter of Sr. John Stanhope, of Elvaston, a noble famely in Derbyshire, by whom he had a sonne and two daughters surviving him, not un- worthy of their famely. Mr. John Hutchinson, the eldest of his surviving sons, by his first wife, was borne at Nottingham in the month of September, in the year I616. That yeare there had bene a greate drought, by reason of Avhich the country Avould not afford his father any }:)rovi- sion for his stables, so that he was forc'd to remoove from Owthorpe to winter in the towne of Nottingham, somewhat before his lady's time of account. She being in the coach on her way thither, and seing her husband in some danger b}^ reason of a mettled horse he ridd upon, tooke a fright, and was brought to bed the next day, as they imagin'd some three Aveekes before her time, and they were confirm'd in that opinion by the weakenesse of the child, which con- tinued all his infancy. When he was borne there was an elder bro- ther in the famely, but he died a child. Two yeares and a lialf after this was Mr. George Hutchinson, his younger brother, borne at Owthorpe, and halfe a yeare after his birth the two children lost their mother, who died of a cold she had taken, and was buried at Owthorpe. She Avas a lady of a noble famely as any in the county, of an incomparable shape and beauty, embellish t with the best edu- G 24 cation those dayes aflfordcd, and above all had such a generous virtue ioined with attractive sweetenesse, that she captivated the hearts of all that knew her : she was pious, liberall, courteous, pa- tient, kind above an ordinary degree, ingenuous to all things she would applie hei"selt"to, and notwithstanding she had had her edu- cation att court, Avas delighted in her own country habitation, and managed all her faniely affaires better then any of the homespun huswifes, that had been brought up to nothing elce : she was a most atfectionate wife, a greale lover of her father's house, shewing that true honor to parents is the leading virtue, which seldome wants the concomitancy of all the rest of honor's traine. She was a wise and bountifull mistresse in her famely, a blessing to her tenants and neighbourhood, and had an indulgent tendernesse to her infants; but death veil'd all her mortal glories in the 26th yeare of her age. The stories I have receiv'd of her have bene but scanty epitaphs of those things which were worthy a large chronicle, and a better recorder then I can be, I shall therefore draw againe the sable cur- teine before that image which I have ventur'd to looke at a little, but dare not undertake to discover to others. One that was present at her death told me that she had an admirable voyce, and skill to manage it, and that she went away singing a psalme, Avhicli this maid apprehended she sung with so much more then usuall sweete- nesse, as if her soule had bene already ascended into the coelestial quire. There is a story of her father and mother so memorable that though it be not alltogether pertinent to their grandchild's affaires, which I only intend, yet I shall here putt it in, since the third ge- neration, for whom I make this collection, is not alltogether uncon- cern'd in the greate grandfather. He (the great grandfather) Avas not the eldest sonne of his father Sr. John Biron, but had an elder brother that had married a private gentlesman's daughter in the country, and so displeas'd his father in that match, that he intended 25 an equall part of his estate to this Sr. John Biron, his younger sonne, and thereupon married him to a young lady who was one of the daughters of my lord Fitz William, that had bene deputy of Ireland in the reigne of Queene Elizabeth, and liv'd as a prince in that country." This daughter of his having an honorable aspiring to all things excellent, and being assisted by the greate education her father gave her, attained to a high degree of learning and language, to such an excellencie in musick and poetry, that she made rare compositions in both kinds; and there was not any of those extra- ordinary quallities, which are therefore more glorious, because more rare in the female sex, but she was excellent in them: and besides all these ornaments of soule, she had a body of as admirable forme and beauty, which iustly made her husband so infinitely enamour'd of her as never man was more. She could not sett too high a value on herselfe if she compar'd herselfe with other weomen of those times, yett it was an allay to her glories that she was a little griev'd that a lesse Avoman, the elder brother's wife, was superior to her in regard of her husband, the' inferior in regard of her birth and person; but that griefe was soone remoov'd by a sad accident. That man-iage, Avherein the father had not bene obey'd, was fruite- lesse, and the young gentleman hiraselfe being given to youthful vanity, as he was one day to goe out a hunting with his father, had commanded something should be pult under the saddle of a young serving man, that was to goe out with them, to make sport at his affright, when liis horse should proove unquiett. The thing suc- ceeded as it was dcsign'd, and made them such sport, that the young ^ By mistake Mrs. Hutchinson calls liim lord. The person here meant was Sir William Fitzwilliam, appointed governor of Ireland seven times, with the different titles of Lord Justice and Lord Deputy, b}' that distinguishing and judicious princess. A sufficient eulogy! From him descends in a direct line the present Earl Fitzwilhani. Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis. The reader will most likely find this episode too beautiful and affecting to think it needs the apology the writer makes. 26 gentleman, in the passion of laughter, died, and turn'd their mirth into mourning; leaving a sad caveat by his example, to take heed of hazarding men's precious lives for a little sport. The younger brother by this means became the heire of the famely, and was father of a numerous and hopeful issue. But while the incom- parable mother shin'd in all the humane glorie she wisht, and had the crownc of all outward felicity to the full, in the enioyment of the mutuall love of her most beloved husband, God in one moment tooke it away, and alienated her most excellent understanding in a difficult childbirth, wherein she brought forth two daughters which liv'd to be married, and one more that died, I think assoone or before it was borne:' but after that, all the art of the best physitians in England could never restore her understanding; yet she was not frantick, but had such a pretty deliration, that her ravings were more delightfull then other women's most rationall conversations. Upon this occasion her husband gave himselfe up to live retired with her, as became her condition, and made hast to marrie his Sonne, which he did so young that I have heard say Avhen the first child Avas borne, the father, mother, and child, covdd not make one- and-thirty yeares old. The daughters and the rest of the children as soon as they grew up were married and disperst. I think I have heard she had some children after that childbirth Avhich distemper'd her, and then my lady Hutchinson must have bene one of them, for she was the youngest daughter, and at nine yeares old so taking, and of such an amiable conversation, that the lady Arabella'' would ■^ The twins here mentioned as daughters are said by Thoroton to have been sons, viz. Sir John, presently herein spoken of as the brother-in-law of Sir Thomas Hutch- inson, and Sir Nicholas, who served Charles the Tirst with the same zeal as the rest of that fiuiiily. "* By the lady Arabella is here meant the lady Arabella Stuart, whose romantic and melancholy story is told by Rapin, vol. ii. p. l6l and 189, in the reign of James the First. That mcan-soul'd tyrant shut her up in the Tower, where she died, not without suspicion of poison. 27 needs take her from her parents, allong with her to the court, where she minded nothing but her lady, and grew up so intimate in all her councells, that the princesse was more delighted in her then in any of the weomen about her, but when she (the princess) was carried away from them to prison, my ladle's brother fetcht her home to his house; and there although his wife, a most prudent and ver- tuous ladie, labour'd to comfort her with all imaginable kindnesse, yet soe constant was her friendship to the unfortunate princesse, as I have heard her servants say, even after her marriage, she would steale many melancholly houres to sitt and weepe in remembrance of her. Meanewhile her parents were driving on their age, in no lesse constancy of love to each other, when even that distemper which had estrang'd her mind in all things elce, had left her love and obedience entire to her husband, and he retein'd the same fond- riesse and respect for her, after she was distemper'd, as when she was the glory of her age. He had two beds in one chamber, and she being a little sick, two weomen watcht by her, some time before she died. It was his custome, as soon as ever he unclos'd his eies, to aske how she did; but one night, he being as they thought in a deepe sleepe, she quietly departed towards the morning. He Avas that day to have gone a hunting, his usuall exercise for his health, and it was his custome to have his chaplaine pray with him before he went out: the weomen, fearfull to surprize him with the ill newes, knowing his deare affection to her, had stollen out and acquainted the chaplaine, desiring him to informe him of it. Sr. John wakino-, did not that day, as Avas his custome, ask for her, but call'd the cliaplaine to prayers, and ioyning with him, in the middst of the prayer, expir d, and both of them were buried together in the same grave. Whether he perceiv'd her death and would not take notice, or whether some strange sympathy in love or nature, tied up their lives in one, or whether God was pleas'd to exercise an unusuall providence towards them, preventing them both from that bitter 28 , sorrow which such separations cause, it can be but coniectur'd; but the thing being not ordinary, and having receiv'd it from the re- lation of one of his daughters and his grandchild, I thought it not impertinent here to insert, I shall now proceed to our OAvne story. Assoone as my lady Hutchinson was dead, her brother, Sr. John Biron, came over and found the most desolate aflicted widower that ever was beheld, and one of his sisters, the lady Ratcliflfe, who was the deare sister of the dead lady, scarce allive for sorrow; and. indeed such an universall lamentation in the house and neighbour- hood, that the protraction of their griefes for such a funerall as was intended her, might possibly have made them all as she: Sr. John tlierefore the next morning privately, unknowne to her husband, with only her owne famely, carried her to the church, which was but the next door, and enterr'd her without further ceremony. It booted not Sr. Thomas tobe angric att her friend's care of him, who 'persued it so farre, that the next day he carried away Sr. Thomas, lady Radcliffe, and Mr. John Hutchinson, towards his owne house at Bulwell, leaving ]\Ir. George at his nurse's. But the horses of the coach being mettled, in the halfway betweene Owthorpe and Nottingham runne away, overthrew it, and slightly hurt all that were in the coach; who all gott out, one by one, except the maid that had the child in her arms, and she stay'd as long as there was any hope of preventing the coach from being torne to pieces: but when she saw no stop could be given to the mad horses, she lapp'd him as close as she could in the manlle, and flung him as farre as she could from the coach into the plow'd lands, whose furrows were at that time very soft, and by the good providence of God the cliild, reserv'd to a more glorious death, had no apparent hurt. He was taken up and carried to Bulwell, where his aunt had such a mo- therly tendernesse for him that he grew and prosper'd in her care. As the fresh memory and excessive love they bore the mother en- 29 dear'd the young child to all her relations at the first, so as he grew, he discover'd so much groAving wisdome, agillity, and prettie spritefullnesse, had such a naturall gravity M'ithout sullennesse, and such sweete innocence, that every child of the lamely lov'd him belter than their owne brothers and sisters, and Sr. John Biron and my lady were not halfe so fond of any of their owne. When it was time for them to go to schoole, both the brothers were sent to board with Mr. Theobalds, the master of the free schoole att Nottingham, Avho was an excellent schollar, but having no children, some wealth, and a little living that kept his house, first grew lazie, and after left of his schoole. Sr. Thomas then remoov'd his sons to the free schoole at Lincolne, Avhere there was a master very famous for learning and piety, ISIr. Clearke, but he was such a supercilious pedant, and so conceited of his owne pedantique forms, that he gave INIr. Hutchinson a disgust of him, and he profited very little there. At this place it was that God began early to exercise him with afliction and temptation: he was depriv'd of the attendance and care he had bene us'd to, and mett Avith many inconveniences, unsuitable to his tender and nice constitution i but this Avas little, for he had such discretion in his childhood that he understood what was fitt for him to require, and governed Avhereere he liv'd; for he ■would not be denied reasonable, and Avould not aske other things. He Avas as a father over his brother, and having some advantage of y cares, tooke upon him to be the guide of his youth, yet Avith such love, that never Avere children more commendable and happie in mutuall affections: but it pleas'd God to strike his brother Avith a sad disease, the falling sicknesse, Avherein Mr. Hutchinson most carefully attended him Avhile he continued at Lincolne, Avhicli his father permitted him to doe, for the opertunity of Dr. Pridgeon, one of the best physitians in those parts. When he had in veine exercis'd all his art on the young gentleman, and that he found no successe in it, he advis'd he should returne to his father's house, and be 30 entertain'd with all the sports that could be found to delight his mind or exercise his body. Accordingly he Avas carried home, and had a pack of hounds, huntsmen, and horses kept for him, and was some- thing recreated, but not cured thereby, till afterward it pleased God to effect that cure b}^ a young practitioner, which the ablest phi- sitians of the country could not worke. The separation from this brother to whom he had such an entire affection, considered with the sad occasion of it, was a greate afliction to the elder brother, who remain'd in a place where he had little to delight him, having an aversion to his austere pedantique master, and that encreast by an opinion that his severitie had bene the cause of his deare brother's distemper. The ijreate encouraoement Sr. Thomas had to trust his sons in this towne, was, because att that time, a gentleman inhabited there who had married his uncle's widow, and had bene his fellow-sufferer in a confmement in Kent, when King Charles the First had broken up a parliament to the disgust of the people, and durst not trust those gentlemen that had bene most faithfull defenders of their countries interests, to returne for some time to their owne countries, for which they serv'd." Of these worthy patriots Sr. Thomas Hutch- inson and Sr. Thomas Grantham, the gentleman of whom I am speaking, were confined from Nottingham and Lincolneshire to the house of one Sr. Adam Newton in Kent ; the good father little thinking then, that in that fatall countrie, his sonne should suffer an imprisonment, upon the same account to the destruction of his ' This piece of history is mentioned by Rapin, Sir Thomas Grantham is named, but Sir Thomas Hutchinson and laany others not named. It appears, in Thoroton's History of JSottingham, edited by Tiirosby, that this confinement so far answered the purpose of Charles the First, that it caused another to be chosen instead of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, Knight of the Shire; but as soon as Sir Thomas got free he was again chosen, and continued to represent the county till. his death. 31 life and faniely. Sr. Thomas Grantham Avas a gentleman of greate repute in his country, and kept up all his life the old hospitallity of England, having a greate retinue and a noble table, and a resort of all the nobillily and gentry in those parts. He had only two sons, whereof the eldest was a fine gentleman, bred be}- ond the seas, ac- cording to the best education of those times ; the other was a foolish youth, schoolefellow with Mr. Hutchinson, who every Saturday night was fetcht from schoole to Sr. Thomas Grantham's, and re- tm'n'd againe the Munday morning. Upon the intimate friendship betweene Sr. Thomas Hutchinson and this gentleman, Sr. Thomas Hutchinson had a lodging always kept for him at Lincolne, and was very often there. My Lady Grantham had with her a very pretty young gentlewoman, whom she brought with her out oif Kent, the daughter of Sr. Adam Newton; my lady's designe was to begin an early acquaintance, which might after draw on a marriage betweene her and Mr. Hutchinson, and it tooke such effect that there was a greate inclination in the young gentlewoman to him ; and so much good nature on his side, as amounted to a mutuall respect, and such a friendship as their youth was capable of, which the parents and others that wisht soe, interpreted to be a passion of love ; but if it were, death quencht the flame, and ravisht the young lady from him in the sweete blooming of her youth. That night she died, he lay in his father's chamber, and by accident being very sick, it was imputed to that cause, but he himselfe least perceiv'd he had any more of love for her, then gratitude for her kindnesse to him, upon which account her death was an afliction to him, and made that house which had bene his reliefe from his hated schoole lesse pleasant to him : especially when he mett there continuall sollicitations to sin by the travel'd gentleman, who living in all seeming sobriety before his father, Avas in his owne chamber not only vicious himselfe, but full of endeavour to corrupt Mr. Hutchinson, who by the grace of God resisted and detested his fre- H 32 quent temptations ot" all kinds. The advantage he had at this schoole, there being very many gentlemen's sons there, an old low- country souldier was entertain'd to traine them in arms, and they all bought themselves weapons, and instead of childish sports, when they were not at their bookes, were exercis'd in all their military pos- tures, and in assaults and defences ; Avhich instruction was not use- lesse in a few yeares after, to some of them : Col. Thornhagb, who was now train'd in this sportive millitia, Avitli Col. Hutchinson, afterwards was his fellow souldier in earnest, when the greate cause of God's and England's rights, came to be disputed with swords against encroaching princes. Sr. Thomas Grantham dying, Mr. Hutchinson was removed from Lincolne to the freeschoole at Not- tingham, where his father married a second wife, and for a Avhile went up to London with her, leaving his sonne at bord in a very religious house, where new superstitious and pharisaical holiness, straining at gnatts and swallowing camels gave him a little disgust, and was a while a stumbling block in his Avay of purer profession, when he saw among professors such unsuitable miscarriages. There was now a change in the condition and contentment of his life ; he was old enough to be sensible that his father's second love and mar- riage to a person of such quallity, as required a setllement for her sonne, must needs be a lessening to his expectation, but he Avas so affectionate to his father that he receiv'd it very conlenledly, and reioic'd in his remoove, comming from a supercilious pedant to a very honest man; Avho using him with respect advanc'd him more in one month then the other did in a year. This tied him to no observation, nor restrein'd him from no pleasure, nor needed not, for he was so moderate when he was left at his liberty that he needed no regulation. The familliar kindnesse of his master, made him now begin to love that which the other's austerity made him loath; and in a yeare's time he advanc'd exceedingly in learning, and was sent to Cambridge. He was made a fellow-commoner of Peter Plouse, under the tuition of one S3 Mr. Norwich, an admirable schollar, who by his civill demeanor to him wonnc so much upon liis good nature, that he lov'd and reve- renc'd him as a father, and betooke himselfe with such dehght to his studies that he attain'd to a greate height of learning, pertbrm'd publick exercises in his colledge with much applause, and upon their importunity took a degree in the university, whereof he Avas at that time the grace, there not being any gentleman in the towne that lived with such regularity in himselfe, and such generall love and good esteeme of all persons as he did. He kept not companie with any of the vaine young persons, but with the graver men, and those by whose conversation he might gaine improovement. He was con- stant at their chapcll, Avhere he began to take notice of their stretching superstition to idolatry; and Avas courted much into a more solemne practise of it then he could admit, though yet he considered not the emptinesse and carnallitie, to say no more, of that publick service which was then in use. For his exercise he practis'd tennis, and play'd admirable well att it ; for his diversion, he chose musick, and gott a very good hand, which afterwards he improov'd to a greate mastery on the violl; there were masters that tailght to dance and valt, whom he practis'd Avith, being very agile and apt for all such becoming exercises: his father stinted not his expence, Avhich the bounty of his mind made pretty large, for he was very liberall to his tutors, and servitors, and to the meaner of- ficers of the house. He was entic'd to bow to their greate idoll learning, and had a higher veneration for it a long time than can strictly be allow'd, yet he then look'd upon it as a handmaid to de- votion, and as the greate improover of natural reason. His tutor and the masters that govern'd the colledge while he was there, Avere of Arminian principles, and that colledge Avas noted above all for popish superstitious practises, yet through the grace of God, not- withstanding the mutuall kindnesse the whole household had for him and he for them, he came aAvay, after five yearcs study there, 34 untainted with those principles or practises, though not yet enlight- ened to discerne the spring of them in the rites and usages of the English church. When he came from the university, he was about twenty yeares of age, and rclurned to his father's house, who had now settled his habitation at Nottingham ; but he there enjoyed no greate delight, another brood of children springing up in the house, and the servants endeayouring with tales and flatteries to sow dissention on both sides. Therefore, having a greate reverence for his father, and being hot willing to disturb him with complaints, as soon as he could ob- teine his leave he Avent to London. In the meane time the best company the towne afforded him, was a gentleman of as exquisite breeding and parts as England's Court ever enjoy 'd, one that was now married, and retir'd into this towne, one of such admirable power of language and perswasion as was not anie where else to be found; but after all this, discontents or the debaucheries of the times had so infected him, that he M'ould not only debauch him- selfe, but make a delight to corrupt others for his sport: some he would commend into such a vaine-glorious humor, that they be- came pleasantly ridiculous ; some he would teach apish postures and make them believe themselves rare men, some he would en- courage to be poets and laugh at their ridiculous rhimes, some young preachers he would make stage-players in their pulpitts, and severall wayes sported himself with the follies of most of the young men that he converst with. There was not any way which he left impractis'd upon Mr. Hutchinson ; but when, with all his art and industry he found he could not prevaile, then he turn'd seriously to give him such excellent advice aitd instructions for living in the world as were not afterward unuseful to him.^ There was besides ' Who tlic first gentleman was does no where appear. The Physician here meant, is Dr. Plumtre, of whom much more will be said in this work. 35 this gentleman a young phisitian, who was a good schollar and had a great deale of witt, but withall a profest atheist, and so proud insolent a scurrilous fellow, daring to abuse all persons hoAv much soever above him, that he was throwne out of familliarity with the greate people of the country, though his excellency in his profession made him to be taken in againe. — There was alsoe an old man, who had bene Mr. Hutchinson's first schoolemaster, a person once of greate learning, but afterwards becomming a cinick, yet so plea- santly maintaining that kind of humor, that his conversation was sometimes a good diversion. These were Mr. Hutchinson's com- panions, yet, through the grace of God, had not power to infect him, who, like a bee, suckt a greate deale of honie from these bitter flowers. At that time, there was in the towne a young maid, beautifull, and esteemed to be very rich, but of base parantage and penurious educal ion, though else ingenuous enough: she was the grandchild of an old phisitian, and from her childhood, having bene accpiainted wiih Mr. Hutchinson, who used to visitt her grand- mother, she had conceiv'd a kindnesse for him, Avhich though he civilly resented,^ his greate heart could never stoope to thinke of marrying into so meane a stock ; yet by reason of some liking he shew'd of her company, and the melancholly he had, with some dis- contents at home, she was Avilling to Hatter herselfe that it was love for her, wherein, when she discover'd her mistake it was a greate griefe. However she was, without much love on cither side, mar- ried to an earle's sonne, and both of them, wanting the ground of happinesse in marriage, muttuall love, enioy'd but little felicity, either in their greate fortunes or in one another.'' s Resent, in English, never used but in a bad sense; in French^ ressenlir is used to signify a reciprocal sentiment of kindness as well as unkindness. '' It is written in the margin by Julius Hutchinson, Esq. probably from the in- formation given him by Lady Catharine Hutchinson, that this lady's name was Mar- tin, and the gentleman who married her Mr. Pierrepont. It would not have been 36 In the house with Mr. Hutchinson, there was a young gentle- woman, of such admirable tempting beauty, and such excellent good nature, as would have thaAv'd a rock of ice, yett even she could never gett an acquaintance with him : wealth and beauty thus in vaine tempted him, for it was not yett his time of love ; but it was not farre of. He was now sent to London, and admitted of Lin- coln's Inne, where he was soone coveted into the acquaintance of some gendemen of the house, but found them so frothy and so vaine, and could so ill centre with them in their delights, that the towne beo-an to be tedious to him, who was neither taken with wine, nor game, nor the converse of wicked or vaine weomen, to all which he wanted not poAverfull tempters, had not the power of God's orace in him bene above them. He tried a little the study of the law, but finding it unpleasant and contrary to his genius, and the plague that spring beginning to drive people out of the towne, he beo-an to thinke of leavino; it, but had no inclination to returne home, finding his father's heart so sett upon his second famely, that his presence was but disturbance : yet his father was wonderfully free and noble to him in allowance, at all places, as large as any of his quallity had made to them, and it Avas very well bestow'd on him, who consum'd nothing in vaine expence, but liv'd to the honor of his friends and famely. For his diversion, he exercis'd himselfe in those quallities he had not had so good opertunities for in the coun- try, as dancing, fencing, and musick, wherein he had greate apt- nesse and addresse, and entertaining the best tutors, was at sonie expence that way, and loath to leave them of before he had per- fected himselfe. However, manie things putting him into the thouglit worth while to inform the reader of these minute particuhus in a note, but but for the sake of pointing out the accuracy with wliich Mr. Jiihus Hutchinson read and remarked upon this history, and the full knowledge he had of all the circumstances of Col. Hutchinson's life. 37 thoughts of quitting the towne, while he was in dehberation how to dispose of himselfe, and had some reflections upon travell, a cousin gcrnian of his, a French merchant, came to visit him one moining, and told him, he was immediately going into France, and under- standing Mr. Hutchinson had some such inclination, had allmost perswaded him tcf goe along with him. Tlie only obstacle in the way, was that his father could not be acquainted with it time enough to receive his answer before they went. While he was in this deliberation, his musick-master came in, to whom he communi- cated his thoughts, and the man told him, it was better to go into France, att the latter end then the beginning of summer, and that if he pleas'd, in the meane time, to goe to Richmond, where the Prince's court was, he had a house there, where he might be ac- commodated, and there was very good company and recreations, the king's hawkes being kept neere the place, and severall other conveniences. Mr. Hutchinson considering this, resolv'd to accept his offer; and that day telling a gentleman of the house whither he was going, the gentleman bid him take heed of the place, for it was so fatall for love, that never any young disengag'd person went thither, Avho return'd againe free. Mr. Hutchinson laughtathim, but he to confirme it, told him a very true story of a gentleman, who not long before had come for some time to lodge there, and found all the people he came in company with, bewailing the death of a gentlewoman, that had lived there. Hearing her so much deplor'd he made enquiry after her, and grew so in love with the description, that no other discourse could at first please him, nor could he at last endure any other ; he grew desperately melancholly, and would goe to a mount Avhere the print of her foote was cutt, and lie there pining and kissing of it all the day long, till att length death in some months space concluded his languishment. This story was very true ; but Mr. Hutchinson was neither easie to believe it, nor frighted at the example; thinking himselfe not likely to make 38 another. He therefore went to Richmond, where he found a greate deale of good young company, and many ingenuous persons, that by reason of the court, Avhere the young princes were bred, enter- tained themselves in that place, and had frequent resort to the house where Mr. Hutchinson tabled : the man being a skilfull composer in musick, the rest of the king's musitians often met at his house to practise new ayres and prepare them for the king ; and divers of the gentlemen and ladies that were affected with nmsick, came thither to heare ; others that were not, tooke that pretence, to enter- tain themselves with the companie. Mr. Hutchinson was soone courted into their acquaintance and invited lo their houses, Avhere he was nobly treated, with all the attractive ails, that young weomen and their parents use to procure them lovers, but though some of them Avere very handsome, others wealthy, wittie, well quallified, all of them sett out with all the gayety and bravery, that vaine weomen put on to sett themselves of, yet Mr. Hutchinson could not be intangled in any of their fine snares, but without any taint of incivillity, in such a way of handsome rallerie reproov'd their pride and vanitie as made them asham'd of their glory, and vext that he alone, of all the young gentlemen, that belong'd to the court or neighbourhood, should be insensible of their charms. In the same house vvith him, there was a younger daughter of Sr. Allen Apsley, late lieftenant of the Towdr, tabled for the practice of her lute, till the returne of her mother, who was gone into Wiltshire for the ac- complishment of a treaty that had bene made some progresse in, abovit the marriage of her elder daughter, with a gentleman of that covmtry, out of which my lady herself came, and where her brothers Sr. John St. John and Sr. Edward Hungerford, living in greate honor and reputation, had invited her to a visitt of them. This gentle- woman, that was left in the house with Mr. Hutchinson, was a very child, her elder sister being at that time scarcely past it, but a child of such pleasantnesse, and vivacity of spiritt, and ingenuity in the 39 quallily she practis'd, that INlr. Hutchinson tooke pleasure in hear- ing her practise, and would fall in discourse with her. She liaviao- the keyes of her mother's house, some halfc a mile distant, would some times aske Mr. Hutchinson, when she went over to walk along "xvilh her: one day when he was there, looking upon an odde by- shelf, in her sister's closett, he found a few La tine bookes ; asking whose they were, he was told lliey were her elder sister's, where- upon, enquiring more after her, he began first to be sorrie she was gone, before he had scene her, and gone upon such an account, that he was not likely to see her ; then he grew to love to heare mention of her, and the other gentleweomen who had bene her companions, used to talke much to him of her, telling him how reserved and studious she was, and other things which they esteem'd no advantage ; but it so much inflam'd Mr. Hutchinson's desire of seeing her, that he began to wonder at himselfe, that his heart, which had ever had such an indifterency for the most excellent of weomenkind, should have so strong impulses towards a stranger, he never saw; and certainly it was of the Lord, (though he perceiv'd it not), who had ordein'd him, thro' so many various providences, to be yoak'd with her in whom he found so much satisfaction. There scarcely past any day, but some accident or some discourse still kept alive his desire of seeing this gentlewoman, although the mention of her, for the most part, was enquiries whether she had yett accomplisht the marriage that was in treaty. One day there was a greate deale of company mett att Mr. Coleman's, the gentle- man's house where he tabled, to heare the musick, and a certeine song was sung, which had bene lately sett, and gave occasion to some of the company to mention an answer to it, which was in the house, and upon some of their desires read : a gentleman saying 'twas believ'd that a woman in the neiohbourhood had made it, it was presently enquir'd who.'' whereupon a gentleman, then present, who had made the fii'st song, sayd, there were but two weomen that I 40 could be guilty of it, Avlieicof one was a lady then among them, the other Mrs. Apslcy. Mr. Hutchinson, fancying something of rationallity in the sonnett, beyond the customary I'each of a she- witl, although, to speake truth, it signified very little, addrest him- selfe to the gentleman, and told him, he could scarcely believe it was a woman's, whereu[)on this gentleman, Avho was a man of good understanding and expression, and inspir'd with some passion for her himselfe, which made him regard all her perfections through a multiplying glasse, told Mr. Hutchinson, that though for ci\ ilHty to the rest, he entitled another ladie to the song, yet he was confident it was Mrs. Apsley's only, for she had sence above all the rest, and fell into such high prayses of her, as might well have begotten those vehement desires of her acquaintance, Avhich a strange sympathie in nature had before produc'd : another gentleman, that sate by, seconded this commendation, with such additions of prayse, as he would not have given if he had known her. Mr. Hutchinson hear- ing all this, sayd to the first gentleman, I cannot be at rest till this ladie's relurne, that I may be acquainted with her ; the gentleman replied, " Sir, you must not expect that, for she is of an humour she will not be acquainted with any of mankind, and however this song IS stolen forth, she is the nicest creature in the world of suffering her perfections to be knowne, she shuns the converse of men as the plague, she only lives in the enioyment of herself, and has not the humanitie to communicate that happinesse to any of our sex :" " Well," sayd Mr. Hutchinson, " but 1 will be acquainted with her;" and indeed the information of this reserv'd lumiour, pleas'd him, more then all elce he had heard, and fill'd him now with thoughts, how he should attaine the sight and knowledge of Ikm". While he was exercis'd in this, many days past not, but a foolcboy of my lady her mothers came to young Mrs. Apsley ' as they were ' It was tlie custom at tliat time to cull young ladies Mistress, not Miss. Shake- speare calls Ann i^age, Mrs. Ann. 41 at dinner bringing ncwcs that her mother and sister would in few dayes return ; and when they enquir'd of him, whether Mrs. Apslej Avas married ; having before bene instructed to make them beheve it, he smiled, and pull'd out some bride laces, which were given at a wedding, in the house wdicre she was, and gave them to the young gentlewoman and the gentleman's daughter of the house, and told them Mrs. Apsley bade him tell no news, but give them those tokens, and carried the matter so, that all the companie believ'd she had bene married. Mr. Hutchinson immediately turned pale as ashes, and felt a fainling to seize his spiritts, in that extraordinary manner, that finding himselfe ready to sinke att table, he was faine to pretend something had oifended his stomach, and to retire from the table, into the garden, where the gentleman of the house going with him, it was not necessary for him to feigne sicknesse, for the distemper of his mind had infected his body with a cold sweate and such a dispersion of spirilt, that all the courage he could at present recollect was little enough to keep him allive. His host was ver}' troublesome to him, and to be quitt of him he went to his chamber, saying he would lie downe. Little did any of the company suspect the true cause of his sudden qualme, and they Avere all soe troubled att it, that the boy then past without further examination. When Mr. Hutchinson was alone he began to recollect his wisdome and his reason, and to wonder att himselfe, why he should be so con- ccrn'd in an unknowne person ; he then remember'd the story was told him, when he came downe, and began to believe there Avas some magick in the place, Avhich enchanted men out of their rioht sences ; but it booted him not to be angric att himselfe, nor to sett Avisedome in her reprooving chaire, nor reason in her throne of councell, the sick heart could not Ik; chid nor adviz'd into heallli; this anxiety of mind affected him so, ihat it sent him to his bed that afternoone, Avhich indeed he tookc to entertaine his thoughts alone that night, and having forlilied himselfe Avitli resolution, he 42 gate up the next day, but yett could not quitt himself of an extra- vagant perplexitie of soule, concerning this unknowne gentle- woman, which had not bene admirable in another light person, but in him, who was from his childhood so serious and so rationall in all his considerations, it was the effect of a miraculous power of providence, leading him to her that was destin'd to make his future ioy. While she so ran in his thoughts, meeting the boy againe, he found out, upon a little stricter examination of him, that she was not married, and pleas'd himselfe in the hopes of her speedy returne, when one day, having bene invited by one of the ladies of that neighbourhood, to a noble treatement at Sion Garden, which a courtier, that was her servant, had made for her and whom she would bring, Mr. Hutchinson, Mrs. Apsley, and Mr. Coleman's daughter were of the partie, and having spent the day in severall pleasant divertisements, att evening they were att supper, when a messenger came to tell Mrs. Apsley her mother was come. She would immediately have gone, but Mr. Hutchinson, pretending civillity to conduct her home, made her stay 'till the supper was ended, of which he eate no more, now only longing for that sight, which he had Avith such perplexity expected. This at length he obteined ; but his heart being prepossesst with his owne fancy, was not free to discerne how little there was in her to answer so greate an expectation. She was not ugly, in a carelessc riding-habilt, she had a melancholly negligence both of herselfe and others, as if she neither affected to please others, nor tooke notice of anie thing before her ; yet spite of all her indifferency, she was surpiiz'd with some unusuall liking in her soule, when she saw this gentleman, who had haire, eies, shape, and countenance enough to begett love in any one at the first, and these sett of with a gracefull and generous mine, which |)romis'd an extraordinary person ; he was at that time, and indeed always very neatly habited, for he wore good and rich clothes, and had variety of them, and had them well 43 suited and every way answerable, in that little thing, shewing both good iudgement and greate generosity, he equally becoming them and they him, which he wore with such unalfectcdnesse and such neatenesse as doe not often mcete in one. Allhough he had but an evenino; sight of her he had so long desir'd, and that at disadvantaoe enough for her, yett the prevailing sympathie of his soule, made him ihinke all his paynes well payd, and this first did Avhett his desire to a second sight, which he had by accident the next day, and to his ioy found she was wholly disengag'd from that treaty, which he so much fear'd had been accomplisht ; he found withall, that though she was modest, she was accostable and willing to en- tertaine his acquaintance. This soone past into a mutuall friendship betweene them, and though she innocently thought nothing of love, yet was she glad to have acquir'd such a friend, who had wisedome and vertue enough to be trusted with her councells, for she was then much perplext in mind ; her mother and friends had a greate desire she should marry, and were displeas'd that she refus'd many oftbrs which ihey thought advantageous enough ; she was obedient, loath to displease them, but more herselfe, in marrying such as she could find no inclination to. The troublesome pretensions of some 6f the courtiers, had made her willing to trie wholhcr siie could bring her heart to her mother's desire, but being by a secret Avork- ing, which she then understood not, averted, she was troubled to returne, lest some might believe it was a secret liking of them which iiad caus'd her dislike of others, and being a little disturb'd Avitli these things and melancholly, Mr. Hutchinson, appearing, as he was, a person of vertue and honor, who might be safely and advantageably converst with, she thought God had sent her a happy reliefe. Mr. Hutchinson, on the other side, having bene told, and seeing how she shun'd all other men, and how civilly she entertain'd him, believ'd that a secret power had wrought a mutuall inclination betweene ihem, and dayly frequented her mother's house, and had 44 the opertunitic of conversing with her in those pleasant walkes, which, at that sweete season of the spring, invited all the neigh- bouring inhabitants to seeke their ioyes; where, though they were never alone, yet they had every day opcrtunity for converse with each other, which the rest shar'd not in, while every one minded their OAvne delights. They had not six Aveekes enioy'd this peace, but the young men and weomen, who saw them allow each other that kindnesse which they did not afford commonly to others, first began to grow iealous and envious at it, and after to use all the mallitious practises they could invent to breake the friendship. Among the rest, that gentle- man, who at the first had so highly commended her to Mr. Hutch- inson, now began to caution him against her, and to disparedge her, with such subtile insinuations, as would have ruin'd any love, lesse constant and honorable then his. The weomen, with wittie spite, represented all her faults to him, which chiefly terminated in the negligence of her dresse aitd habitt, and all womanish ornaments, giving hei'selfe wholly up to studie and writing. Mr. Hutchinson, who had a very sharpe and pleasant witt, retorted all their mallice Avith such iust reproofes of their idlenesse and vanity, as made them hate her, who, Avithout affecting it, had so engag'd such a person in her protection, as they with all their arts could not catch. He in the meanewhile prosecuted his love, with so much discretion, duty, and honor, that at the length, through many difficulties, he accom- plisht his designe. I shall passe by all the little amorous relations, which if I would take the paynes to relate, would make a true history of a more handsome management of love then the best romances describe : '' for these are to be forgotten as the vanities of youth, not Avorthy mention among the greater transactions of his life. There is this only to be recorded, that never Avas there a pas- '' Will not many regret that she passes so transiently these scenes of tenderness and sentiment? 45 sion more ardent and lesse idolatrous; he lov'd her better then his life, with inexpressable tendernesse and kindnesse, had a most liigh obliging esteeme of her, 3'et still, consider'd honour, religion, and duty, above her, nor ever sufli'er'd the intrusion of such a dotage as should blind him from marking her imperfections: these he look'd upon with such an indulgent eie, as did not abate his love and esteeme of her, while it augmented his care to blott out all those spoils which might make her ap.peare lesse worthy of that respect he pay'd her; and thus indeed he soone made her more equall to him then he found her; for she was a very faithfull mirror, reflecting truly, though but dimmely, his ownc glories upon him, so long as he was present; but she, that was nothing before his inspection gave her a faire figure, when he was remoov'd, Avas only fiil'd with a darkc mist, and never could againe take in any delighlfull obiect, nor returne any shining representation. The greatest excellencie she had was the power of apprehending and the virtue of loving his: soe as his shadow, she waited on him every where, till he was taken into that region of light, which admilts of more, and then she vanisht into nothing. 'Twas not her face he lov'd, her honor and her vertue were his mistresses, and these (like Pigmalion's) images of his own making, for he polisht and gave forme to what he found with all the roughnesse of the quarrie about it; but meeting wilh a compliant, subiect for his owne Avise government, he found as much satisfaction as he gave, and never had occasion to number his mar- riage amono; his infelicities. That day that the friends on both sides met to conclude the marriage, she fell sick of the small pox, which was many wayes a greate triall upon him ; first her life was allmost in desperate hazard, and then the disease, for the present, made her the most deformed person that could be scene, for a greale while after she recover'd; yett he was nothing troubled at it, but married her assoone as she was able to quitt the chamber, when the priest and all that saw her were atfrighted to looke on her: but God re- 46 C(Jinpenc"d his iustice and constancy, by restoring her, though she was longer then ordinary before she recover'd, as well as before. One thing is very observable, and worthy imitation in him; allhough he had as strong and violent affections for her, as ever any man had, yet he declar'd it not to her till he had acquainted first his father, and after never would make any engagement but what his love and honor bound him in, wherein he was more firmc and iust then all the promisarie oathes and ties in the world could have made him, notwithstanding many powerful temptations of wealth and beauty, and other interests, that were laid before him ; for his father had concluded another treaty, before he knew his son's inclinations Avere this way fixt, with a party in many things much more advantageable for his famely, and more worthy of his liking: but his father was no lesse honorably indulgent to his son's aftbction, then the sonne was strict in the observance of his duty, and at length, to the full content of all, the thing was accomplisht, and on the third day of July, in the yeare 1638, he was married to Mrs. Lucy Apsley, the second daughter of Sr. Allen Apsley, late lieftenant of the Tower of London, at St. Andrew's church in Holborne. He liv'd some time in this neighbourhood with her mother, but foure months Avere scarce past after their marriage before he was in greate danger to have lost her, Avhen she lost two children she had conceiv'd by him. Soone after conceiving againe, she grew so sickly, that her indulgent mother and husband, for the advantage of her health, remoov'd their dwelling out of the city, to a house they tooke in Enfield chace, call'd the Blew House, Avhere, upon the third of September 1639, she was brought to bed of two sonns, whereof the elder he named after his OAvne father, Thomas, the younger was call'd Edward, who both surviv'd him. September 1641 she brought him another sonne, call'd by his owne name, John, Avho liv'd scarce six yeares, and was a very hopefull child, full of his father's vigor and spiritt, but death soone nipt that blossome. 47 Mr. Hutcbinson, after about 14 months various exercise of his mind, in the pcrsuite of his love, being now at rest in the enioy- ment of his wife, his next designe was to draw her into his owne country, but he woukl not set upon it too roughly, and therefore lelt her rest awhile, when he had drawne her ten miles nearer it, out of the city, where she had had her birth and education, and where all her relations Avere most conversant, and which she could not suddainely resolve to quitt for altogether, to betake herself to the north, Avhich was a formidable name among the London ladies. While she was weaning from the friends and places she had so long converst in, Mr. Hutchinson employ 'd his time in making an en- traunce upon the study of schoole divinit}^, wherein his father was the most eminent schollar of any gentleman in England, and had a most choyce library,' vallued at a thousand pounds; which Mr. Hutchinson mistakingly expecting to be part of his inheritance, thought it would be very ingloiious for him not to understand how to make use of his father's bookes. Having therefore gotten into the house Avith him an excellent schollar in that kind of learning, he for two yeares made it the Avhole employment of his time. The gentleman that assisted him he converted to a right beliefe in that greate poynt of predestination, he having bene before of the Aimi- nian iudgment, till upon the serious examination of both principles, and comparing them with the scriptures, Mr. Hutchinson convinc'd him of the truth, and greAV so Avell instructed in this principle, that he Avas able to maintaine it against any man. At that time, this greate doctrine grew much out of fashion Avith the prelates, but ' This is spoiicn of in the preface, and did in fact remain at Owthorpe, but pro- bably was placed there by Charles, the son of Sir Thomas Hutchinson by his second wife: it was of excessively small value when taken possession of in the year 177G. It is apparent, from Sir Thomas Hutchinson being upon all the committees for religion, as may be seen in Rushwortii's collection, that he was in repute for this kind of knowledge. K 48 was generally embrac'd by all religious and holy persons in the land. Mr. Hutchinson being desirous to informe himself thoroughly of it, when he was able to manage the question, offer'd it to his father, but Sr. Thomas would not declare himselfe in the poynt to him, nor indeed in any other, as wee conceiv'd, least a father's authority should sway against his children's light, who he thought ought to disccrne thinos Avith their owne eies, and not with his. Mr. Hutch- inson taking delight in the study of divinity, presently left oft" all foollish nice poynts, that tended to nothing but vaine braiigling, and employ 'd his whole study in laying a foundation of sound and necessary principles, among which he gave the first place to this of God's absolute decrees. This was so farrc from producing a care- lessenesse of life in him, a thing generally obiected against this faith," that, on the other side, it excited him to a more strict and holy walking in thankefullnesse to God, avIio had bene pleas'd to chuse him out of the corrupted masse of lost mankind, to fix his love upon him, and give him the knowledge of himselfe by his ever blessed Sonne. This principle of love and life in God, which had bene given him Avhen he discern'd not Avhat it was in himselfe, had from a child prescrv'd him from wallowing in the mire of sinne and wickednessc, wherein most of the gentry of those times were mise- "' Mis. Hutchinson, in exculpating her husband, goes no part of the way towards shewing that the natural tendency of this principle differs from that which is objected against it, but merely that he resisted this bias from another consideration. This is certainly not a suitable place to discuss' such a subject; and it is therefore dismissed with this remark, that the partizans of the two opposite, or supposed opposite, prin- ciples of predestination and free will, while they endeavour to implicate each other in absurdity and irreligion, agree in practice, and, guiding their actions by the best dis- cretion they are masters of, end with referring the event to Providence, and praying to God for a blessing on their endeavours : — much more rational in so doing than farther exposing the weakness of human understanding by disquisitions far too refined for its reach. The conduct of modern times is in this respect more commendable tliaii that of the past. 49 rablv plunged, except a few, that were therefore the scorne of man- kind ; and but few of those lew, that liad not naturall and supersti- tious folhes, that were in some kind iustly ridiculous and con- temptible. It was a remarkable providence of God in his life, that must not be past over without speciall notice, that he gave him these two yeares leizure, and a heart so to employ it, before the noyse of warre and tumult came upon him. Yett about the yeare 1639 the thunder was heard afarre of ratling in the troubled ayre, and even the most obscured woods Avere penetrated with some flashes, the forerunners of the dreadfull storme which the next yeare was more apparent; but Mr. Hutchinson was not 3^ett aAvak'ned till it pleased God to deliver him from a danger into Avhich he had runne himselfc, had not mercy prevented him. His wife having allready two sons, and being againe Avith child, consider'd that it would be necessary to seeke an augmentation of revenue, or retire into a cheaper country; and more enclining to the first, then to leave att once her mother, and all the rest of her deare relations, had propounded to him to buy an office, Avhich he was not of him- selfe very inclinable to, but, to give her and her mother satisfaction, he hearkened to a motion that Avas made him in that kind. Sr. William Pennieman, who had married his cousin-german, a very worthy gentleman, who had greate respect both for and from his father, had purchas'd the chiefe office in the starre chamber; the gentleman who held the next to him Avas carelesse and debosht, and thereby a greate hinderance of Sr. William's profitts, Avho appre- hended if he could gett an honest man into that place, that they might mutually much advantage each other; Avhereupon he per- swaded Mr. Hutchinson to buy the place, and oft'er'd him any termes, to goe any share Avith him, or any way he could desire. Mr. Hutchinson treated with the gentleman, came to a conclusion, Avent downe into the country, provided the money, and came up againe, thinking presently to enter into the office; but the gentle- 50 man llial should have sold it, being of an uticerteine humor, thouo-ht to make the benefit of another terme, before he sold his place; and it pleas'd God in the meane time that arbitrary court was, by the parliament then sitting, taken away. Mr. Ilulchinson was very sensible of a peculiar providence to him herein, and resolv'd to adventure no more such hazards, but to retire to that place whither God secm'd to have call'd him by giving him so good an interest there, and to study how he was to emproove that talent. His wife convinc'd by this kind check which God had given to her desires, that she ought to follow her husband where the Lord seem'd to call him, went allong with him, and about October 1641 they came to their house at Owthorpc. Here Mr. George Hutchinson (Sr. Thomas being then chosen knight for Nottinghamshire, and sitting in the parliament at London) came and gave a glad enter- tainement of his brother and sister into the country, by his good company, and they were for a few months peacefull and happie in their own house, till the kingdome began to blaze out with the lono:-concei\'ed tlame of civill warre. But here I must make a short digression from our particular actions, to summe up the slate of the kingdome at that time, which though I cannot doe exactly, yet I can truly relate what I was then able to take notice of, and if any one have a desire of more particular information, there were so many bookes then written, as will sufficiently give it them: and although those of our enemies are all fraught with abominable lies, yett if all ours were supprest, even their owne writings impartially consider'd would be a sufficient chronicle of their iniusticc and op- pression; but I shall only mention what is necessary to be remem- ber'd, for the better carrying on of my purpose." ° Most of those who read the summary account Mrs. Hutchinson gives of the public transactions, will extremely regret that she was not much more full in it, seeing the candour and perspicuity with which she writes: short as it is, however, it will be found to throw light upon many obscure points^ and, from being so much 51 When the dawne of the gospell began to breake upon this isle, after the darke midnight of papacy, the morning was more cloudy here then in other places by reason of the state interest, which Avas mixing and working itselfe into the interest of religion, and which in the end quite wrought it out. King Henry the Eighth, who by his royall authority cast out the pope, did not intend the people of the land should have any ease of oppression, but only change their forreigne yoake for homebred fetters, deviding the pope's spoyles betweene himselfe and his bishops, who cared not for their father at Rome, so long as the}^ enioy'd their patrimony and their honors here under another head: soe that I cannot subscribe to those who entitle that king to the honor of the reformation. But even then there wanted not many who discern'd the corruptions that were retein'd in the church, and eagerly applied their endeavours to ob- teine a purer reformation, against whom those who saw no need of further reformation, through excesse of ioy for that which was all- ready brought forth, or else through a secret love of superstition rooted in their hearts, thought this too much, were bitterly incens'd, and hating that light which reproov'd their darknesse, every where stirr'd up spiritts of envy and persecution against them. Upon the greate revolution which tookc place at the accession of Queene Elizabeth to the crown, the nation became divided into three greate factions, the papist, the state protcstant, and the more religious zelotts, who afterward Mere branded with the name of Puritane. In vaine it was for these to addresse to the queene and the parlia- ment; for the bishops, under the specious pretences of unifonuity and obedience, procur'd severe punishments to be inflicted on such as durst gainsay their determinations in all things concerning wor- ship, whereupon some even in those godly dayes lost their lives. concentiated^ will be useful and acceptable to many, as serving to fix a general and just idea of tlie public mind, as well as transactions, in the times of which she treats. 52 The papists had a most inveterate hatred to all the protestanls, but especially to those Avho were godly," and they againe many of them sufFerd their zeale to runne out into bitter personall hate. Bctweene these two extreames, the common protestant Avas in the middle, though I cannot reckon them as a vertuous medium ; for of them the more prophane and ignorant only left popery, because it grew out of fashion, but in their hearts inclin'd that way ; those who were peaceable, conscientious, or morall persons, enclin'd to the puritane ; of whom there were many that unwillingly bore the burthen of the cerimonies, for quietnesse sake, and through false doctrine of their unfaithfull teachers, as well as some that discern'd the base and carnall minds of those seducers, and would not be perswaded by them to defile their consciences : the former sort of these, in zeale to reduce the whole land from their idolatrous prac- tises, procur'd lawes and invented oathes to suppresse popery, which they little thought, but wee now sadly find, are the bitterest engines to batter downe the pure worship and destroy the pure worshippers of God ; which I have often looked upon as an evidence that God is not pleas'd with the conversions that are enforc'd by men's laAves. We have spirituall weapons given us for spirituall combates, and those who go about to conquer subiects for Christ Avith swords of Steele, shall find the base metall breake to shivers Avhen it is used, and hurtfully file in their OAvne faces. About the time of the reformation, there was a greate change in the civill interest of all that part of the Avorld which had long layne under the bondage of the Roman prelate and his tirannicall clergie. These had by degrees so encroacht upon all the secular princes, that they Avere nothing but vassalls and hangmen to the proud inso- lent priest. Obtaining his empire by fraud, false doctrine, lies and " Godly. The name always given by the Puritans to those of their own party, and not unfrequently so used by different sectaiies at the present day. 53 hipocrisie, he maintained it by blood and rapine, till it pleasVl God to cause that light to breake forth about Luther's time, which hath ever since bene encreasing, and notwithstanding all the attempts of Sathan and his ministers, will in the end grow up to a glorious flame and quite devoure that bloody cit3^ When the wrath of princes and priests was in vaine at first blowne up against the pro- fessors of the gospell, and their blood and ashes became fruitefull seed in God's field, then the old fox comes into the fold as a lamb, and seduces some of them that saw the approach of Christ's king- dome, to sett it up irregularly, and indeed, (though I know not whether they perceiv'd their owne delusion), to sett up themselves in Christ's throne, casting downe the thrones of all other magistrates, and destroying the proprieties of men, and ruling by their owne ar- bitrary lust, which they brought forth in the name of God's law.' This example was so threatning to all mankind, that the gospell it- self, by the adversaries thereof, suffer'd much reproach upon this miscarriage; whereupon the Protestants, in all places, to cleare themselves from the iust aspersions, which the Munster anabaptists and others had occasioned, fell into an error on the other hand, not much lesse hurtfull in the consequence ; for to flatter the princes of the world, whether Popish or Protestant, they invested them with God's prerogative, and preach'd to them and the people such doctrines as only chang'd the idoll, but left the idolatry still in practice.'' P A description of the principles of the most extravagant of those whom in liistory they call Fifth Monarchy Men, from their affecting to set up the empire of Christ as the fifth; the Assyrian, Persian, Grecian, and lloman, being the first four. 1 This could hardly be carried farther any wl>ere than in England : where in all cases passive, in most cases active obedience w.is indiscriminately inculcated ; where two divines stating in their discourses, one, " that it was the king's duty to make laws, and the subject's to obey them;" another, that " the king is not bound to observe the laws of the realm, but that his royal will and command in imposing taxes and loans 54 The Popes of Rome had for many ages challeng'd and pracds'd a power to disthrone princes, to give away their reahnes, to interdict whole kingdomes and provinces and devote them to slaughter, to loose subiects from all bonds and oathes of allegiance to their sove- raignes, and to stirre up both princes and people to the mutuall murther of each other, which abominable courses had bene iustly cast upon them as reproach, they pretending to doe all these things for the propagation of the true worship and the advance of God's glorie. This reproach they retorted when some protestants upon the same pretence did mainlaine that idolatrous princes were to be remoov'd, and such magistrates sett up as feared God, who were guardians of both tables, and bound to compell all their people to the right religion. This confusion was there among the sons of dark- nesse at the first appearance of gospell light. About this time in the kingdom of Scotland, there Avas a wicked queene, daughter of a mother that came out of the bloody house of Guize,' and brought up in the Popish religion, which she zealously persever'd in, as most suitable to her bloody lustful temper ; she being guilty of murthers and adulteries, and hateful for them to the honestest of the people, was depos'd, imprison'd, and forc'd to flie for her life ; but her sonne was receiv'd into the throne, and edu- cated after the strictest way of the protestant religion according to Calvin's forme. Those who were chiefely active and instrumental! in the iustice executed on this wicked queene, were the reformers without consent of parliament doth oblige the subject's conscience, upon pain of eternal damnation." For refusing to license the publication of the first sermon, the good Archbishop Abbot was banished and confined to a bad and unhealthy country-house. For the latter, the preacher, though sentenced by the lords to be fined and imprisoned, was by the king pardoned, and promoted to a bishoprick. After this, let it be de- cidi-d whether Charles reverenced episcopacy as a divine institution, or valued it as an engine of state ? and in what light he caused his subjects to view it? ' Mary Queen of Scots. 55 of religion in Scotland, which made the neighbouring idolatrous princes to feare iheni of the same faith. About the same time like- ■w'lse, the provinces of the Netherlands united themselves in a re- sistance of the King of Spaine, and cast of that yoake wherewith he had most barbarously gall'd them. The King of France, persecut- ing his protestant subiects with much inhumane violence, forc'd them to defend themselves against his unsanctified league, and much blood was shed in those civill warrs, 'till at length those who had had so much experience of God's providence, in delivering them from their cruell princes, were perswaded to make up an alliance with the enemies of God and religion, and by the treacherous foe drawne into his snares, where they were most wickedly and barba- rously massacred.' Now, although religion were the maine ground of those bloody quarrel Is, yet there were, in all these countries, many disputes of civill right, which for the most part bore the face of the warrs ; whereat I have only hinted, in this survey of the con- dition of other states, and their interests in those days and since ; Avhicii is something necessary to be knowne for the better under- standing of our owne, with which I shall now proceed. The civill government of England from the time called the Con- quest, had been administer'd by a King, Lords, and Commons, in a way of Parliaments ; the Parliament entrusted with the legislative, and the King with the executive power ; but severall of the kings not satisfied with their bounded monarchic, made attempts to con- vert it into an absolute soveraignety, attempts fatall both to them- selves and their people, and ever unsucccssefull ; for the generous people of England, as they were the most free and obsequious sub- iects in the Avorld to those princes that manag'd them with a kind and tender hand, commanding them as freemen, not as slaves, so were they the most untameable invincible people, in defence of ' The famous massacre on St. Bartholomew's day at Paris. L o 6 their freedonies against all those usurping lords, that scorn d to al- low tliem liberty. The nobillity of the reahne having at first the greate ballance of the lands, and retaining some of that free honor- able vertue, for which they were exalted above the vulgar, ever stood up in the people's defence and curb'd the wild ambition of the tyrants, Avhom they sometimes reduc'd to moderation, and sometimes dcpos'd for their misgovernments, till at length, the kings, eager to breake this yoake, had insensibly worne out the interest of the nobillity, by drawing them to their courts, where luxuries melted away the greate estates of some, others were de- stroy'd by confiscations in divers civill warrs, and others otherwayes mould'red with time. While the kings were glad to see the abate- ment of that power, which had bene such a check to their exorbi- tancies, they perceiv'd not the growing of another more dangerous to them, and that when the nobillity shrunke into empty names, the throne lost its supporters, and had no more but a little puffe of wind to beare it up, when the full body of the people came rolling in upon it.' The interest of the people, which had bene many yeares growing, made an extraordinary progresse in the dayes of King Henry the eighth, who returning the vast revenues of the church into the body of the people, cast the ballance cleare on their ' It is wonderful that the experience of so many ages and so many other states had not been sufficient to warn the princes of the House of iionrbon of this fatal error i From the moment of Cardinal Riclielieu's coining into power under Louis the Xlllth, to Meckar's return to power after his rustication under Louis the X\'lthj the plan of lowering the power of the noblesse of France had been systematically pursued. The last stroke was given to it when this delusive and deluded minister advised that imfor- tuuate monarch to give to the commons a double number of representatives in the States General, and to blend the noblesse with them. It was in vain that the Prince of Conty gave him a short note of admonition, written on the spur of the occasion upon his hat—" Sire, the moment you sign this arret your tluone is overturned." He re- jected the advice, and betrayed the author. side, and left them now only to expect" an opeitunity to resume their power into their OAvnc hands, and had not diiferences in reli- );ion devided them among themselves, and thereby prolong'd the last gasps of expiring monarch}^ they had long since exercis'd it in a free conmionwealth. England was not an idle spectator of the greate contest betweene the Papist and Protestant, in which all Christendome seem'd to be engag'd. During the reigne of Queene Elizabeth, the protestant interest, being her peculiar interest, that princesse became not only glorious in the defence of her owne realme, but in the protection she gave to the whole protestant cause, in all the neighbouring kingdomes : wherefore, as if it had bene devolv'd upon her person, the Pope shott all his arrowes at her head, and sett on many des- perate assassinations against her, which, by the good providence of God, were all frustrated, and she not only miraculously deliver'd from those wretches, but renown'd at home and abroad for suc- cesses against her rebellious subiects in England and Ireland, and for the assistance of her distressed neighbours ; but above all for the mercy which it pleased God to afford her and this realme in the year 2588, when the invading Spaniard had devour'd us in his proud hopes, and by the mighty hand of God was scatter'd as a mist before the morning beames. "i'liat which kept alive the hopes of the Papists, most part of her reigne, was, the expectation of the Queene of Scots, who entring into confederacy with them lost her head for the forfeit, Avherein the Duke of Norfolke sufter'd alsoe for her the losse of his. The Queene of England was very loath to execute this necessary iustice ; but the true-hearted protestants of her coun- cells, foreseeing the sad effects that might be expected, if ever she arriv'd to the crowne, urg'd it on," and after the death of Queene " Expect, a Latinism; expeclare, to wait for; or Italian, aspettare id. * The signing and expediting the warrant for the execution of Mary Queen of Scots is an enigma which has employed the wits of many to solve — perhaps this may 58 Elizabeth, the wiser of tliein much oppos'd the admission of her son : but he dissembhng the resentment of his mother's death, by bribes and greater promises, manag'd a faction in the court of the dechning queene, which prevail'd on her dotage to destroy the Earle of Essex, who only had courage to have kept out him they thought dangerous to lelt in. So subtilly brought they their purpose about, that Avise councell was in vaine to a blinded and betrey'd people. The antiprelaticall party hoping that with a king bred up among the Calvinists, they should now be freed from the episcopal yoake, were greedie of entertaining him, but soone cured of their mistake, when immediately after his entry into the kingdome, him- selfe being moderator at a dispute betweene both parties, the non- conformists were cast out of doores, the offensive cerimonies, insteed of being remoov'd, were more strictly impos'd, the penalties against papists relax'd, many of them taken into favour, those families who suffer'd for his mother grac'd and restored as farre as the times would beare, and those who consented any way to the iustice done upon her, disfavour'd. A progresse was made suitable to this beginning, the protestant interest abroad was deserted and betrey'd, the prelates at home dayly exalted in pride and pomp, and declining in vertue and godlinesse. Arminianisme " crept in, to the corruption of sound doctrine, till at length they had the impudence to forbid preaching of those greate and necessary truths, concerning the decrees of God ; secret treaties were entertained with the court of Rome,*^ and not- withstanding that hellish ponder plott, the papists lost not their creditt at court, where they now wrought no longer by open and be the true solution of it; it is at least clear that it thus appeared to well-informed persons, living in times when the thing was recent, and accounts for it more naturally than the mean jealousy attributed to Queen Elizabeth, which would in fact have been a better reason for putting her to death many years sooner. * Jamesj however, professed himself a great enemy to it. y The first volume of Clarendon's State Papers is half filled with them. 59 direct wayes, but humouring the king and queene in their lusts and excesses, found the most ready way to destroy the doctrine of the gospeil, was to debosli the professors. Tlie court of this king was a nursery of kist and intemperance, he had brought in witli him a company of poore Scotts, who comming into this plentiful king- dome, surfetted with riott and debaucheries, and gott all the riches of the land only to cast away. The honor, Avealth, and glory of the nation, wherein Queene Elizabeth left it, were soone prodigally wasted by this thriftlesse heire, the nobillity of the land utterly debased by setting honors to publick sale, and confemng them on persons that had neither blood nor meritt fitt to weare, nor estates to beare up their titles, but were faine to invent proiects to pilP the people, and pick their purses for the maintenance of vice and lewd- nesse. The generallity of the gentry of the land soone learnt the court fashion, and every greate house in the country became a sty of uncleannesse. To keepe the people in their deplorable security, till vengeance overtooke them, they were entertained with masks, stage playes, and sorts of ruder sports. Then began ^murther, in- cest, adultery, drunkennesse, swearing, fornication, and all sort of ribaldry, to be no conceal'd but countenanc'd vices ; because they held such conformity with the court example. Next to this, a greate cause of these abominations was the mixt marriages of papist and protestant famelies, Avhich, no question, was a designe of the popish party to compasse and procure, and so successefull that I have observ'd that there was not one house of ten, where such a marriage was made, but the better party Avas corrupted, the chil- drens soules were sacrific'd to devills, the worship of God was laid aside in that famely, for feare of distasting the idolater ; the kindred, tenants, and neighbours, either quite turn'd from it, or cool'd in their zeale for religion. As the fire is most fervent in a frosty sea- ^ Pill— pillagCj plunder. 60 son, so the generall apostacy from liolinesse, if I may so call il, and defection to lewdnesse, stirr'd up sorrow, indignation, and feare, in all that retein'd any love of God in (he land, whither ministers or people : the ministers warn'd the people of the approaching iudge- ments of God, which could not be expected but to follow such high provocations ; God, in his mercy, sent his prophets into all corners of the land to preach repentance and cry out against the ingratitude of England, who thus recpiited so many rich mercies as no nation could ever boast of more ; and by these a few were every Avhere converted and established in faith and holincsse: but at court these were hated, disgrac'd, and revil'd, and in scorn had the name of Puritane' fix'd upon them. And now the ready way to prefer- ment there, was to declare an opposition to the power of godlinesse, under that name; so that their pulpitts might iustly be called the scorner's chair, those sermons only pleasing that flatter'd them in their vices and told the poore king that he was Solomon, that his sloth and cowardize, by which he betrey'd the cause of God and honour of the nation, Avas gospell meekenesse and peaceablenesse, lor which they rays'd him up above the heavens, Avhile he lay wal- lowing like a swine in the mire of his lust. Me had a little learning, " This artifice of affixing a name of reproach on those of an opposite party, in order indiscriminately to subject them to hatred or ridicule, could hardly be better exposed than it is here. That Mrs. Hutchinson is guilty of no exaggeration, may well be con- jectured from some speeches in parliament preserv'd by Ruslnvorth, peculiarly one of Sir Benjamin Rudyard, at least a moderate man, if not a favourer of the king, com- plaining of the very same thing. Rushworth, vol. ii. 1355, " It is the artifice of the favourers of the catholick and of the prelatical party to call all who are sticklers for the constitution in church or state, or would square their actions by any rule humane or divine, Puritans." In the petition and remonstrance this is stated nearly in the same manner. It waS no way inconsistent with the other injustices of the French revo- lutionists to invent the term of Aristocrat, and mark out by it every one whom the populace or their demagogues designed to plunder or destroy ; it would not be so ex- cuseable if in this country we should suffer cant terms or nicknames to pass for reason- ing or proof. For the rest, the name of Puritan should have no bad meaning. 61 and this they call'd the spiritt of wisedome, and so magnified him, so falsely flatter'd him, that he could not endure the words of truth and soundnesse, but rewarded these base, wicked, unfaithful! fawn- ers with rich preferments, attended with pomps and titles, which heav'd them up above a humane heighth : with their pride their envie swell'd against the people of God, whom they began to pro- iect how they might roole out of the land ; and when they had once given them a name, whatever was odious or dreadfull to the king that they lixt upon the Puritane, which, according to their charac- ter, was nothing but a factious hipocrite. The king had upon his heart the dealings both of England and Scotland with his mother, and harbour'd a secrett desire of revenge upon the godly in both nations, yet had not courage enough to as- sert his resentment like a prince, but employ 'd a wicked cunning he was master of, and called king-craft, to undermine what he durst not openly oppose, the true religion : this was fenc'd with the liberty of the people, and so link'd together, that 'twas impossible to make them slaves, till they were brought to be idolaters of royalty and glorious lust, and as impossible to make them adore these gods while they continued loyall to the government of Jesus Christ. The payment of civill obedience to the king and the lawes of the land satisfied not; if any durst dispute his impositions in the worship of God, he was presently reckon'd among the seditious and disturbers of the publick peace, and accordingly persecuted : if any were griev'd at the dishonor of the kingdome or the griping of the poorc, or the uniust oppressions of the subiect, by a thousand wayes, invented to maintaine the riotts of the courtiers and the swarms of needy Scotts, the king had brought in to devoure like locusts the i)lenty of this land, he was a Puritane: if any, out of mere morallily and civill honesty, discoun- tenanc'd the abominations of those days, he was a Puritane, how- ever he conform'd to their superstitious worship : if any sliew'd fa- vour to any godly honest person, kept them company, relieved them 62 in want, or prelected them against violent or uniust oppression, he was a Puritane : if any gentleman in his country maintain'd the good lawes of the land, or stood up for any publick interest, for good order or government, he was a Puritane : in short, all that crost the viewes of the needie courtiers, the proud encroaching priests, the theevish proiectors, the lewd nobillity and gentrie, who- ever was zealous for God's glory or worship, could not endure blas- phemous oathes, ribbald conversation, prophane scoffes, sabbath breach, derision of the word of God, and the like ; whoever could endure a sermon, modest habitt or conversation, or aniething good, all these were Puritanes ; and if Puritanes, then enemies to the king and his government, seditious factious hipocrites, ambitious dis- turbers of the publick peace, and finally, the pest of the kingdome : such false logick did the children of darknesse use to argue with against the hated children of light, Avhom they branded besides as an illiterate, morose, melancholly, discontented, craz'd sort of men, not fitt for humane conversation '' ; as such they made them not only the sport of the pulpitt, which was become but a more solemne sort of stage, but every stage, and every table, and every puppett-play, belcht forth prophane scoffes upon them, the drunkards made them their songs, all fidlers and mimicks learnt to abuse them, as finding it the most gainefull Avay of fooling. Thus the two factions in those dayes grew up to greate heighths and enmities, one against the other, while the Papist wanted not industry and subtilty to blow the coals betweene them, and was so successcfidl that, unlesse the mercy •> Snch is the idea entertained of them in general even at this day ; whoever shall read these memoirs will be well convinced that not one of these qualities needs or does by any natural consequence accompany the character. It is a great misfortune that many of the zealous professors of piety should give it so austere an aspect, and this can never be better contrasted than by the chearful and amiable one this professed Puritan gives it. 63 of God confound them, by their owne imaginations, wee may iustly feare they will at last obtane their full wish. But to dcale impartially, wee must, Avith sadnesse enough, con- fesse, that the wolfe came into the fold in a sheepe's clothing, and wrought more slaughter that way among the lambs, then he could have done in his owne skin ; for it is true that many of witt and parts, discontented, when they could not obteine the preferments their ambition gaped at, would declare themselves of the puritane party, and such were either bought of, or, if the adversary would not give their price, seduc'd their devout hearers, sometimes into undiscreete opposition, to worke out their owne revenge, others that had neither learning, nor friends, nor opertunities to arrive to any preferrements, would put on a forme of godlinesse, finding devout people that way so liberall to them, that they could not hope to enrich themselves so much any other way. Some that had greater art and parts, finding there Avas no inconsiderable gaine to be made of the simple devotion of men and weomen, applied their witts to it, and collected oreate summes for the advancement of the rehsious interest, of which they converted much to their OAvne private uses. Such as these tempted the people of God to endeavour to shelter themselves in humane pollicies, and found out wayes, by bribes and other not lesse indirect courses, to procure patrones at court, and to sett up against the prelates with countermines and other en- gines, which being of man's framing, were all at last broken. The puritane party being weake and oppress'd, had not faith enough to disowne all that adhered to them for Avorldly interests, and indeed it requir'd more then humane wisedome to discerne at the least all of them, wherefore they, in their low condition, gladly accepted any that would come over to them, or encline towards them ; and I heir enemies throusjh envie at them ausimented much their party, while, Avith iniuries and reproaches, they drove many, that never intended it, to take that party; which in the end got 64 notliing but confusion by those additions. Wliile these parties were tiius counterworking, the treasure of the kingdome being wasted b}' court-caterpillars, and parliaments call'd to resupply the royall cof- fers, therein there wanted not some, that retein'd so much of the English spirit, as to represent the publick grievances, and desire to call the corrupt ministers of state to an account; but the king, grudging that his people should dare to gainesay his pleasure, and correct his misgovernement, in his favourites, broke up parliaments, violated their privilledges, imprisoned their members for things spoken in the house, and grew disaffected to them, and entertain'd proiects of supplie b}" other grievances of the people. The prelates in the meane time, finding they lost ground, meditated reunion with the popish faction, who began to be at a pretty agreement Avith them ' ; and now there was no more endeavour in their publick ser- mons, to confute the errors of that church, but to reduce our doc- trines and theirs to an accommodation : the king, to bring it about, was deluded '' into the treaty of a match for his sonne Avith the In- fanta of Spaine ; and the Prince, Avith the Duke of Buckingham, privately sent into Spayne, from whence he difhcuUly came back, but to the greate reioycing of the whole people in generall, who were much afiicted at his going thither. During this treaty the papists got many advantages of the king, to the preiudice of the protestant interest at home and abroad, and the hearts of all but the papists were very much sadned, and the people loath to lay the miscarriages of things at the king's owne dore, began to entertaine an universall hatred of the Duke of Buckingham, rays'd from a knight's fourth sonne to that pitch of glorie, and enioying greate possessions, acquir'd by the favour of the king, upon no meritt but •^ The first volume of Clarendon's State Papers abounds with instances. ** It is very rare to sec a delusion so long and successfully carried on as this appears to have been, at the expence of this modern Solomon, in the State Papers just men-, tioned. 65 that of his beauty and his prostitution. The parhament had drawne up a charge against him, and though the king seeni'd to protect him, yet knowing the fearefulhiesse of his nature, and doubting his constancy, it Avas behev'd he added some helpe to an ague that kih'd that king ; however the king died, and the Duke continued as high in the favour of the next succeeding as of the deceased prince ; whereupon one, not unaptly, sayes of him, " he seem'd as an un- " happie exhalation, drawne up from the earth, not only to clowd " the setting, but the rising sun." ' The face of the court was much chang'd in the change of the king; for King Charles was temperate, chast, and serious; so that the fooles and bawds, mimicks and catamites, of the former court, grew out of fashion; and the nobillity and courtiers, who did not quite abandon their debosheries, had yet that reverence to the king, to retire into comers to practise them : men of learning and inge- nuity in all arts were in esteeme, and receiv'd encouragement from the king; who was a most excellent iudge and a greate lover of paintings, carvings, gravings, and many other ingenuities, less offen- sive then] the bawdry and prophane abusive witt, which was the only exercise of the other court. But as in the primitive times, it is observ'd that the best emperors were some of them stirr'd up by Sathan to be the bitterest persecutors of the church, so this king was a worse encroacher upon the civill and spirituall liberties of his people by fan'e then his father. He manied a papist, a French lady, of a haughty spiritt, and a greate witt and beauty, to whom he became a most uxorious husband. By this meanes the court Avas replcnisht with papists, and many who hoped to advance them- selves by the change, turned to that religion; all the papists in the kingdom were favoured, and, by the king's example, matclit into the ' The justice of the character here given of James, as well as the candour of that about to be given to Charles, will, it is hoped, be recognized by every reader. 66 best famelies; the purilanes more than ever discountenanc'd and persecuted, insomuch that many of them chose to abandon their native country, and leave their dearest relations, to retire into any foreigne soyle or plantation, where they might, amidst all outward inconveniences, enioy the free exercise of God's Avorship; such as coidd not flee were tormented in the bishops courts, fin'd, whipt, pillor'd, imprison'd, and suflfer'd to enioy no rest, so that death was better then life to them; and notwithstanding their patient suft'rance of all these things, yet was not the king satisfied till the whole land were reduc'd to perfect slavery. The example of the French king was propounded to him, and he thought himselfe no monarch, so long as his will was confin'd to the bounds of any law; but knowing that the people of England Avere not pliable to an arlaitrary rule, he plotted to subdue them to his yoke by a forreigne force, and till he could effect it, made no conscience of granting aniething to the people, Avhich he resolv'd should not obi lege him longer then it served his turne; for he Avas a prince that had nothing of faith or truth, iustice or generosity, in him; he Avas the most obstinate per- son in his selfcAvill that ever Avas, and so bent upon being an abso- lute uncontroulable soveraigno, that he Avas resolv'd either to be such a king or none. His firme adherence to prelacy was not for conscience of one religion more then another, for it Avas his principle that an honest man might be sav'd in any profession; but he had a mistaken principle that kingly government in the state could not stand Avithout episcopall government in the church, and therefore as the bishops flatter d him Avith preaching up his soveraigne prero- gative, and inveying against the puritanes as factious and disloyall, so he protected them in their pomp and pride, and insolent prac- tises against all the godly and sober people of the land."^ In the first ' In note '', page 53, it has been shewn that their political, not their religious prin- ciples, were the criterion whereby the king judged the prelates of the church of Eng- land. That the same served for the church of Home is shewn pretty clearly in the first 67 parliament after he came to the crowne the duke of Buckino-ham was impeacht concerning the death of king James, and other mis- demeanours, but the present king, who had receiv'd him into the same degree of favour that he was with the former, would not endure the question of his favourite, and, to deliver him from it, broke up the parliament, Avhich gave too iust a suspition that he favour'd the practise; for it is true that the duke's mother, without the consent of the phisitians, had made an application to the wrists of the king for his ague, after Avhich he died in his next fitt. Some '^^ *^ iJ "*' other parliaments there were, but still abruptly broken up, when they putt forth any endeavour to redresse grievances. The pro- testants abroad were all lookt upon as pm'itanes, and their interest insteed of being protected, sadly betrey'd; ships lett out to the French king to serve against them; all the flower of the English gentry lost in an ill-manag'd expedition to the Isle of Rhee, under pretence of helping them, but so order'd that it proov'd the losse of Rochell, the strong fort and best defence of all the protestants in France. Those in Germany were no lesse neglected in all treaties, although his owne sister and her children were so highly concem'd. The whole people were sadly griev'd att these misgoveininents, and loath to impute them to the king, cast all the odium upon the duke of Buckingham, Avhom at length a discontented person stabb'd, be- lieving he did God and his country good service by it. All the volume of Clarendon's State Papers; where Mr. Courtenay having refused some com- pliances against conscience, and giving as his reason that " the king was not the law " maker, but the king and parliament, and that the king has not a dispensing power," and father Scudamore, alias Leander, asserting that he has, Courtenay is committed to prison, held tiiere, and a trial refused him ; Leander protected, encouraged, and re- warded ; and it is stated that " Laud was at the helm of the king's councils in these " matters." This opinion of the king's candour, or even indifference, as to the mode of religion, is stated in nearly the same manner in Rushworth, but it is not said on what authority. The Stuarts sported with and ruined all religions, and in turn were ruined l\ by them. 68 kingdome, except the duke's owne dependents and kindred, reioyc'd in the death of this duke, but they found Utile cause, for after it the king still persisted in his designe of enslaving them, and found other ministers, ready to serve his selfe-will'd ambition, such as were Noy his atturny-generall, who set on foote that hatefull tax of ship mony, and many more illegall exactions; and ten of the iudges who perverted iudgement in the cause of those who refused the ille- gall imposition; although there were even in that time found two honest iudges, who durst iudge rightly against the king, although he had chang'd the words usuall in their commissions, which were Quamdiu bene se gesserint, ^ into another forme, Durante bene placito. Besides these, and a greate rascally company of flatterers and proiectors, there Avere all the corrupted tott'ring bishops and others of the proud prophane clergy of the land, who, by their inso- lencies, growne odious to the people, bent their strong endeavours to disaffect the prince to his honest godly subiects, and to gett a pretence of power from him, to aflict those who would not subniitt to their insolent dominion. But there were two above all the rest, who led the van of the king's evill councellors, and these were Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, a fellow of meane extraction and arro- gant pride, and the earl of Strafford, who as much outstript all the rest in favour as he did in abillities, being a man of deepe pollicy, Sterne resolution, and ambitious zeale to keepe up the glory of his own greatnesse. In the beginning of this king's reigne, this man had bene a strong assertor of the liberties of the people, among whom he had gain'd himselfe an honorable reputation, and was dreadfull to the court party, who thereupon strew'd snares in his way, and when they found a breach at his ambition, his soule was that way enter'd and captivated. He was advanc'd first to be lord president s " Quamdiii bene se gesserint," during good behaviour, as long as they act right. " Durante bene placito," during the king's good pleasure. 60 of the councell in the north, to be a baron, after an earle, then deputy of Ireland; the nccrcst to a favourite of any man since the death of the duke of Buckingham, who was rays'd by his first master, and kept up by the second, upon no account of personall woitli or any deserving abilhties in him, but only upon violent and piivate inclinations of the princes; but the earle of Strafford wanted not any accomplishment that could be desir'd in the most serviceable minister of state: besides he having made himselfe odious to the people, by his revolt from their interest to that of the oppressive court, he was now oblieg'd to keepe up his owne interest with his new party, by all the mallitious practises that pride and revenge could inspire him with." But above all these the king had another instigator of his owne violent purpose, more powcrfull then all the rest, and that was the queene, Avho growne out of her childhood, began to turne her mind from those vaine extravagancies she liv'd in at first, to that which did lesse become her, and Avas more fatall to the kingdome, which never is in any place happie, where the hands which were made only for distaffes affect the management of sceptres. — If any one obiect the fresh example of Queene Elizabeth, let them remember that the felicity of her reigne was the effect of her submission to her masculine and wise councellors; but wherever male princes are so effeminate as to suffer weomen of forreigne birth and different rehgions to entermeddle with the affairs of state, it is alwayes found to produce sad desolations; and it hath bene observ'd that a French queene never brought any happinesse to England : some kind of fatality too the English imagin'd to be in her name of Marie, which, 'tis sayd, the king rather chose to have her calf d by then her other, Henrietta, because the land should find a blessing in that name, Avhich had bene more unfortunate; but it was not in his power, though a greate prince, to controule destiny. This lady *■ Called by Lord Digby the grand apostate of the commonwealth. 70 being by her priests affected with the meritoriousnesse of advancing her owne rehgion, whose principle it is to subvert all other, applied that way her greate witt and parts, and the power her haughty spiritt kept over her husband, who was enslav'd in his affection only to her, though she had no more passion for him then what serv'd to promote her designes. / Those brought her into a very good cor- respondency with the archbishop and his prelaticall crew, both ioyning in the cruell designe of rooting the godly out of the land. I'he foolish protestants were meditating reconcilliations with the church of Rome, who embrac'd them as farre as they would goe, carrying them in hand, as if there had bene a possibillity of bring- ing such a thing to passe ; meanewhile they carried on their designe by them, and had so ripened it, that nothing but the mercy of God prevented the utter subversion of protestantisme in the three king- domes. — But how much soever their designes were fram'd in the darke, God reveal'd them to his servants, and most miraculously order'd providences for their preservation. About the yeare 1639 the Scots having the English service bookc obtruded upon them vio- lently, refus'd it, and tooke a nationall covenant against it, and enter'd Enoland with a greate armie, to luring their complaints to the kino-, -which his unfaithful! ministers did much, as they sup- pos'd, misreport. The king himself leavied an armie against them, wherein he was assisted by the nobillity and gentry, but most of all by the prelates, insomuch that the warre got the name of bellum episcopale;' but the commonalty of the nation, being themselves under grievous bondage, were loath to oppose a people that came only to claime their iust liberties. When the king was at Yorke, the chiefe of the Scotch covenanters came, under a pretence of treating with the king, but their chiefe intent Avas to disabuse '' the nobillity of England, and to take of their edge against them by remonstrat- ' The bishops' war. *= Disabuse, from the French desabuscr, to undeceive. 71 ing those grievances and oppressions from the prelaticall innovators, which had forc'd them thus to defend their rehgion and hberlies. This they did so effectually, that the hearts of the English Avere much n\ooved towards them, and the king perceiving it, by their media- lions, consented to a dissembled peace for that time, and return'd home. But the Scotls unsatisfied in the performance of their arti- cles, made preparation for a second returne into England; where- upon the king, in his anger and necessity, was forc'd to have recourse to the long neglected remedie of parliaments, and as- sembled one at Westminster the IS"* of April 1640, which he suffered to sitt but 21 dayes, and broke it up againe, apprehending that if he had suffer'd them to sitt a day longer, they would have voted against the war Avith Scotland, which he was violently bent to prosecute. The bishops at that time devised as an anti-covenant, in their convocation house, that execrable oath knowne by the name of the etccttera, wherein all ministers were required to sweare to uphold I c^i T^ the government of the church of England by archbishops, deanes, [ archdeacons, <^-c. After this the Scotts enter England, the king makes a second expedition into the north against them, and sends part of his armie to keepe the passes upon the river Tine; but the souldiers being raw and heartlesse to this warre, and the com- manders themselves unexperienced, they were vanquisht, and the Scotts forc'd their Avay, after they had bene refus'd to passe quietly by, with their petitions in their hands, and thus possessed themselves of Newcasde and Durham. At that time the Scotts had put forth a declaration, wherein they had affirm'd their intentions not to lay downe arms till the reform'd religion Avere setled in both nations upon sure grounds, and the causers of these present troubles brought to publick iustice, and that in a parliament. This was so plausible to the English, that the king, finding both the hearts and hands of his people faile him in this occasion, was induc'd to grant the peti- N 72 tion of twelve noble lords, who at that lime interpos'd, and calling together all his lords at Yorke, agreed upon a parliament at Lon- don, to convene the third of November following. In the meane -time there was a treaty condiscended to of sixteene lords of each side, Scotch and English, who agreed upon a cessation betweene both armies for the presentt, in order to a peace, to be concluded at London with the parHament, Avho mett as appoynted in No- vember. They began with throwing downe monopolies, and then im- peacht the earle of .Straff'oTd of high treason, who, after a solemne triall and hot disputes on both sides, was at length attainted of trea- son, and the king, against his owne mind, to serve his ends, gave him up to death." The archbishop of Canterbury was alsoe made prisoner upon an accusation of high treason, for Avhich he after suifer'd ; ' Wren bishop of Norwich was likewise committed to the '' Whoever has read the propositions deUvered to his majesty by the earl of Straf- ford, for bridling of parliaments and increase of his revenue, which is preserved in the third volume of Ludlow's Memoirs, p. 32'i, ingenious, bold, and dangerous bevond example, will think him richly to have deserved his fate, but not at the hand of Charles, vi'ho herein acted so treacherously by his friends, that their very adversaries are shocked r.t it, and fixed on his reputation a deep and indelible stain; accordingly he seems all his life long to have borne in mind an incessant regret of this crime. — As it was a thing thought of but little consequence at the time, perhaps it will ere long be forgotten that Louis the Sixteenth suffered sentence of death to be executed on a Mr. De Favras for planning to assist him, or his brother, or both, to escape, but when he did really efiect his escape in part, there appeared great eai'nestness and zeal in stopping him! Did he not merit this? May says that the cause of Lord Strafford's condemnation was a note produced by Sir H. Vane, proving that as a privy counsellor he had proposed to the king to bring his army from Ireland to reduce this kingdom to obedience; but Ludlow's seems the stronger reason. ' It may well be doubted whether it was justifiable to change the proceedings against Laud from impeachment to attainder, in order to vote his death, which the law would not have condemned him to; but certainly deposition and banishment at least were due to the man who brought ruin and disgrace upon that pure and moderate 73 Tower; severall other prelaticall preachers were question'd for popish and treasonable doctrines; the starre chamber, an uniust and arbi- trary court, was taken away, and the high-commission court; an act was procur'd for a trienniall parhament, and another for the conti- nuation of this, that it shoukl not be broken up without their owne consents. There were greate necessities for mony by reason of the two armies that were then maintain'd in England, and the people would give the king no mony without some ease of grievances, which forc'd him against his inclination to grant those bills, which, after he had granted, he found he had bound up his owne "" hands, and therefore privately encourag'd plotts that were in those times contriv'd against the parliament. One of them was to have rescued the earle of Strafford out of prison, and put him in the head of eight thousand Irish, which the king would not consent to disband, when the parliament had some time before moov'd him to it; then the English armie in the north should have bene brought up and engaged against the parliament itselfe upon a pretence of maintaining the king's prerogative, episcopacy, and some other such things. This plott was manag'd by Percy, Jermyn, Goring, Wilmot, Ashburnham, system of religion of which he was the unworthy head : that to his conduct its ruin was principally attributable may be clearly seen by the speeches preserved by Rushworth, in his fourth volume, of Lord Digby, Falkland, Fiennes, and especially Grimston. At this day there is perhaps hardly to be found a son of the churcii who would con- descend to meddle in such base projects as this archbishop assiduously employed him- ielf in. ™ This act for perpetuating the parliament was in fact that which gave them a clear ascendancy over the king. The proposing this, as it shewed the ingenuity and judgment of Mr. Pierrepont, to whom oNlrs. Hutchinson attributes it, so does it the weakness of the king and his counsellors, who having granted this, had no longer any power of refusal left. — For extraordinary evils extraordinary remedies are often sought, but this, as it soon proved too strong for the king, so was it at last thought too strong for the people. The omnipotence of parliament would be indeed dreadful alike to both if, instead of being amovible, it was permanent. 74 Pollard, Suckling, O'Neale, and olliers, of Avhom some confess'd and impeaclit their fellows, others fled, others were put in prison. While this parliament w^as sitting, the king would needs, contrary to their desires, take a iourney to Scotland, and past by the two dis- banding armies in his iourney, where some report that he secretly attempted to urge the Scotch armie against the parliament, which then succeeded not. The houses had reiourned for some time, and left a standing committee of fifty to prepare businesses. About that time a plott was discover'd to them from Scotland, against the lives of some of the greatest peeres of that kingdome; the com- mittee fearing the like attempts from the same spring, placed strong guards in divers parts of the cilie of London. The king's designe in going to Scotland was variously coniectur'd, but this was a cer- teine effect of it, that it retarded all the aftaires of the government of England, which the king had put into such disorder that it was not an easie taske to reforme what was amissc, and redresse the reall grievances of the people; but yet the parliament shew'd such a wonderfull respect to the king, that they never mention'd him, as he Avas, the sole author of all those miscarriages, but imputed them to evill councellors, and gave him all the submissive languao-e that could have bene us'd to a good prince, fixing all the guilt upon his evill councellors and ministers of state, which flattery I feare they have to answer for: I am sure they have thereby expos'd themselves to much scandall." While the king was in Scotland, that cursed rebellion in Ireland broke out, wherein above 200,000 were mas- sacred in two months space, being surpriz'd, and many of them most inhumanely butcher'd and tormented; and besides the slaine, abundance of poore famelies stript and sent naked away, out of all ° This is an oversight of Mrs. Hutchinson 's^ of which she is seldom guilty. Good policy required then, as it does now, that the king should be held incapable of wrong, and the criminality fixed on ministers, who are amenable to the law. If the patriots of that day were the inventors of this maxim, we are higlily obliged to them. 75 their possessions: and, had not the providence of God miraculously prevented the surprize of Dublin castle, the night it should have bene seiz'd, there had not bene any remnant of the protestant name left in that country. Assoone as this sad newcs came to the par- liament, ihey vigorously set themselves to the worke of relieving them, but then the king return'd from Scotland, and being sumptu- ously Avelcomed home by the citie, tooke courage thereby against the parliament, and obstructed all their proceedings for the efFectuali reliefe of Ireland. Long was he before he could be drawne to pro- claime these murtherers rebells, and when he did, by speciall com- mand, there Avere b\it 40 proclamations printed, and care taken that they should not be much dispeis'd ; Avhich courses aflicted all the good protestants in England, and confirm'd that the rebellion in Ireland receiv'd countenance from the king and queene of Eng- land." The parliament, besett with so many difficulties, were forc'd for their owne vindication to present the king with a petition and a remonstrance of the state of the kingdome, wherein they spared him as much as truth would beare, and complained only of his ill coun- sellors and ministers; but this, instead of admonishing, exasperated him, and was answer d with another declaration of his, and upon several! occasions the parliament being enforc'd to iustifie their pro- ceedings publickly, and the king setting forth replies, these open debates were but the prologue to the ensuing tragedie. The citie " It would be difficult to draw a distinction so nice as would discriminate between the countenance shewn to the rebels both before and after the rebellion breaking out, and the encouraging the rebellion itself: now that passion and prejudice have subsided there are probably many more that condemn than acquit the king and queen; but whilst the blood of the massacred protestants yet reeked, and indignation glowed, it was neither to be wondered at nor blamed that persons the most tolerant, as the inde- pendents professed to be, and Mrs. Hutchinson especially, shoukl speak witli enmity of the queen and the catholics, and attribute to them those principles of intolerance and antipathy to protestants which, wliether they professed or not, they practised. It will hereafter be seen that, when they ceased to be dangerous, Mr. Hutchinson did not peisecutCj but protect them. 76 . declaring iheir good affections to the parliament by a petition, gave the king distrust, and he was observ'd to entertaine an extraordinary guard of cavaliers, Avho killed and wounded some of the poore un- arm'd men that pass'd by his house at Whitehall, and the parliament conceiving themselves not safe, desir'd a guard might be allow'd them under the command of the Earle of Essex ; but he refus'd it, with an assurance that he would conunand such a guard to waite upon them as he would be responsible to Almighty God for, and that the safety of all and every one of them was as deare to him as that of his owne person and children. Yet the very next day after this false message he came to the house of commons, attended with his extraordinary guard, of about four hundred gentlemen and soul- diers, arm'd with sAvords and pistolls, and there demanded five of their members, whom not finding there (for a greate lady at court had before informed one of them of his coming, and the house or- der'd them to retire) he return'd, leaving the house under a high sense of this breach of their privelledge.'' At this time the people began in greate numbers to bring petitions to the king and parlia- P The force of opinion being the only real force of any prince, and the notion of inviolability his best protection, it was a strange infatuation in him to overthrow them both. Turno tempiis erit magno cum optavei'it emptum Intactum Pallanta, et cum spolia ilia, diemque Oderit. ViRG. .^n. 10. The time shall come zchcn Tiinnis, hut in vain. Shall zcish niitouclid the trophies of' the slain, And curse the dire remembrance of that day. Dryden. An English gentleman, who was resident in France at the time that Louis the Sixteenth sent his guards to the parliament of Paris to seize some of the members (one of whom was the famous Duval Despresinenil), and sent out decrees and manifestoes, as has been here just before related, made this remark, " He hiis entered upon the career of Charles the First, and he will follow it to the end." // est entrt dans la carriere de Cluirles I, et il la suivra jitu/u' an lout. AVhen he saw again in England, as emi- 77 ment, to beg a more chearefull concurrence betweene them for the rehefe of Ireland, and to encourage the parhament in their honor- able endeavours for the rehefe of both kino-domes. The kino- was oft'cnded at ihis, and retir'd first to Ilamptou-court, then went with the queene to Canterbury, whom he sent from thence into Holland with her daughter, lately married to the prince of Orange, under pretence of conducting her to her owne court, but really to manage his businesse abroad, and procure arms to be em ploy 'd against the parliament, by the sale of the crowne iewells, Mdiich she carried over with her. Ai'lcv her departure the king, taking the prince and the duke of Yorke with him, went to Theobalds, whither the parlia- ment sent a petition to him to returne to his parliament and abide neere London, and that he would not carry the prince away with him, and that he Avould grant the millitia of the kingdome to be put into such hands as the parliament should recommend, and might confide in; all Avhich he denied, and went immediately to New- market, and from thence to Yorke; all this while, by many false pretences, really obstructing the reliefe of bleeding Ireland, and seducing many of the poore people of England into blood and ruine. In conducting the stale of England, in those dayes, Avherein he, whose actions I am tracing, began to enter into his part, in this greate tragedy, I have bene too long for that I intended, and too short to give a cleare understanding of the righteousnesse of the parliament's cause; '' Avhich I shall desire you to informc yourselves grants, the same French gentlemen before whom he had made this remark, they reminded him of it ; saying how Httle probable this had seemed to them at the period of its being spoken, a year before the holding of the states general! 1 Probably few people will think Mrs. Hutchinson has been too prolix, many will that she has been too concise. Mr. May's history comes down onl}' to September, 1643, which is much to be regretted, as he may justly be called an impartial and clear historian, but is little read, probably because his history finishes before that period which was the most interesting. 78 belter of by llieir owne printed papers, and Mr. Maye's history, which I find to be impartially true, so farre as he hath carried it on, saving some little mistakes in his owne iudgement, and misinforma- tions which some vaine people gave of the state, and more in- dulgence to the king's guilt then can iustly be allow'd. To take up my discourse of Mr. Hutchinson where I left it, he was now come to his owne house at Owthprpe, about the time when the Irish massacre was acted, and finding humors begin to be very stirring, he applied himselfe to understand the things then in dispute, and read all the publick papers that came forth, be- tweene the king and parliament, besides many other private trea- tises, both concerning the present and foregoing times. Hereby he became abundantly informed in his understanding, and convinc'd'in conscience, of the righteousnesse of the parliament's cause, in poynt of civill right; and though he was satisfied of the endeavours to reduce ' poperie, and subvert the true protestant religion, which in- deed was apparent to every one that impartially considered it, yet he did not thinke that so cleare a ground of the warre, as the de- fence of the iust English liberties;' and although he was clearly ■■ Reduce^ Latin reducerc, to bring baci<, restore, revive. ' This observation clearly shews that Mr. Hutchinson did not suffer his -zeal for religion to run into fanaticism, so as to mislead his judgment in political matters, and is in unison with a sentiment vvhich appears in May's history, who, in pages 115, 11(5, and 117, shews by various facts and arguments, "that laws and liberties havmg been " so much violated by the king, if the parliament had not so far drawn religion also " into their cause, it might have sped better; that by doing it they frequently weak- " ened their reasoning, and assuredly lost a more considerable party of gentlemen " than they gained." Had he continued his history to the end he would probably have remarked that by thus forcing religion into their service, and making as it were a tool of it, they found it had two edges, and, as it well might, proved rather more destructive to them than their adversaries, as it served to disunite the parliament, to whose very existence union was necessary. 79 swaj'd by his owne iudgement and reason to the parhament, he, thinking he had no wan-antable call, at that time, to doe aniethino- more, contented himselfe with praying for peace. At that lime Mr. Henry Ireton was in the country, and being a kinsman of Mr. Hutchinson's, and one that had received so much advantage to him- selfe and his famelj'' in the country by Sr. 'J'homas Hutchinson's countenance and protection, that he seem'd a kind of dependant upon him, being besides a very grave, serious, religious, person; there Avas a greate league of kindnesse and good will betweene them.' Mr. Ireton being very active iu promoting the parliament. ' As it will be seen in the sequel that Mr. Hutchinson reposed a very great confi- dence in Ireton, and even allowed to the information he received from him such weight in forming his judgment as he did to that of no one else, it may be well to examine how far the one was deserving, and the other discerning, in this. The question will be probably decided to general satisfaction upon the testimony of Whitelock and Ludlow, men of very different dispositions, but both of great good sense and knowledge of their subject. Whitelock, in speaking of some reforms pro- posed in the election and composition of the house of commons, says, " Ireton was " chiefly employed in them, having learned some grounds of law, and having a labo- " rious and working brain and fancy." When he comes to speak of the reforms of the law which Ireton likewise meditated, he says, " he was a man full of invention " and industry, who had a little knowledge of the law, which led him into the more " errors." But when by his death the jealousy lest he should bring about those re- forms which Whitelock, and most of the lawyers, were averse to, had ceased, he says of him, page 5l6, " this gentleman was a person very active, industrious, and stiff in " his ways and purposes; he was of good abilities for council as well as action, made " much use of his pen, and was very forward to reform the proceedings in law, " wherein his having been bred a lawyer was a great help to him. He was stout in " the field, and wary and prudent in councils; exceedingly forward as to the business " of a c'bmmonwealth. Cromwell had a great opinion of him, and no man could " prevail so much, nor order him so far, as Ireton could." But Ludlow, who viewed him more constantly and closely in a post of great power and temptation, that of deputy of Ireland, being himself next in command to him, gives the following account of his conduct in one instance, which will render all others superfluous. " The parlia- " ment also ordered an act to be brought in for settling two thousand per annum on O 80 and the godly interest in the country, found greate opposition by some proiectors and others of corrupt interest that were in commis- sion of the peace, whereupon making complaint at the parliament, he procur'd some of them to be put out of the commission, and others, better affected, to be put into their roomes, of which Mr. Hutchinson was one; but he then forbore to take his oath, as not willing to lanch out rashly into publick employments, Avhile such a storme hung threat 'ning over head ; yet his good affections to gpdli- nesse and the interest of his country, being a glory that could not be conceal'd, many of his honest neighbours made applications to him, and endeavoured to gaine his conduct, which he at first in modesty and prudence would not too hastily rush into." The par- liament had made orders to deface the images in all churches: within two miles of his house there was a church, where Christ upon the crosse, the virgin, and John, had bene fairly sett up in a win- dore over the altar, and sundry other superstitious paintings, of the priest's owne ordering,^ were drawne upon the walls. When the order for razing out those reliques of superstition came, the priest only tooke downe the heads of the images, and laid them carefully up in his closett, and would have had the church officers to have certified that the thing was done according to order; whereupon they came to Mr. Hutchinson, and desir'd him that he Avould take the paynes to come and view their church, which he did, and upon " the lord-deputy Ireton, the news of which being brought over was so unacceptable " to him, that he said, they had many just debts, which he desired they would pay " before they made any such presents; that he had no need of their land, and would " not have it ; and that he should be more contented to see them doing the service of " the nation, than so liberal in disposing of the public treasure." " Mr. Hutchinson being born in the latter end of the year l6l6, was only about three-and-twenty years old at this period; when some may think this modesty became him. It was not the fashion of those times to arrive at the perfection of wisdom and judgment so early as in our days ! 81 discourse with the parson, persuaded him to blott out all the super- stitious payntings, and breakc the images in the glasse; which he consented to, but being ill-atTccled, was one of those who began to brand Mr. Hutchinson with the name of Puritane. At that time most of the gentry of the country were disaffected to the parliament, most of the middle sort, the able substantial! freeholders, and the other commons, who had not their dependance upon the malignant nobillity and genliy, adher'd to the parliament. These, when the king was at Yorke, made a petition to him, to re- turne to the parliament, which, upon their earnest entreaty, Mr. Hutchinson went, with some others, and presented at Yorke," Avhere, meeting his cousins the Birons, they were extremely troubled to see him there, on that account. After his returne, Sr. John * Persons of the description which now go under the name of Yeomanry, seem to have been passed over by Charles and his advisers as of little consequence, and per- haps this was the real ground of the grand error they were in of supposing they had all or most of the strength of the nation with them, because they had most of the no- bility and richer gentry ; whereas it was found, when a general movement took place, that the great bulk of the people was against them, and, like an overwhelming tide, bore down all before it. Yet he and they had abundant warnings by this and such like petitions, and by associations which began very early to be entered into; or still earlier in the expedition against the Scots, wherein the averseness of the common souldiers to the war was so evident, that it compelled the patching up a peace, " And, " astonishing as it might be, (says May, p. 6-4), it was seen that the common people " were sensible of public interest and religion, when lords and gentlemen seemed not " to be." It is true that the mass of the people, having little time for contemplation, are content to let those to whom affluence gives leisure think for them ; but when they do think for themselves, and strongly adopt a sentiment, he is a bold man, and ought to have astonishing resources, who contravenes it. That will be generally, if not al- ways, found the wiser government which informs itself well as to the real bent of the public mind; and, if it is misled by a faction, takes the way of candour and frankness to dispel the mist of error or prejudice, but avoids to do violence to the general opi- nion. The Editor of this work is proud of being the first person who, two years before its adoption, suggested an appeal to the sense and spirit of the nation by tlie association of armed volunteers. 82 Biron being likewise come to his house at Newsted, Mr. Hutchinson went to visit him there, and not finding him return'd to Notting- ham, five miles short of his owne house. There, going to the mayor to hear some newes, he mett with such as he expected not, for as soone as he came in, the mayor's wife told him, that the sheriff e of the county was come to fetch away the magazine that belong'd to the trained bands of the county, which was left in her husband's trust, and that her husband had sent for the country to acquaint them, but she fear'd it Avould be gone before they could come in, whereupon Mr. Hutchinson, taking his brother from his lodgings allong A\dth him, presently went to the towneshall, and asking who were above, he was told that the lord lieftenant, my Lord Newark, was there, to whom he sent his name and desired to speake with him ; and being come vip, found in the roome, where the pouder was weighing, my Lord Newark, the sheriffe Sr. John Digbie, and two or three captaines ; Mr. Hutchinson, addressing himself to my lord only, spoke to him — ." , H. My Lord, hearing that there was some question, concerning the county's powder, I am come to kisse your lordship's hands, and to beseech you that I may know what your desires and intents are concerning it .'' N. Cousin, the king desires to borrow it of the country, to supply his greate necessities. if. I beseech your lordship, what commission have you to de- mand this .'' N. Upon my honor, I have a commission from his maiestie, but y Eldest son of the Earl of Kingston, and brother of two Mr. Pierreponts men- tioned in this work ; this nobleman was afterwards created Marquis of Dorchester, and will be spoken of under that title in the sequel. This passage being more fully treated in that particular account mentioned in the Preface, this dialogue is transcribed from thence, supposing it might amuse some readers. 83 it is left behind me ; but I will engage my honor it shall be repaid the country. H. Your lordship's honor is an engagement, would be accepted for more than I am worth ; but in such an occasion as this, the greatest man's engagement in the kingdome, cannot be a satisfaction to the country. JV. The king's intents are only to borrow it, and if the country will not lend it, he will pay for it. H. My Lord, 'tis not the valine of the ponder we endeavour to preserve, but in times of danger, as these are, those things which serve for our defence, are not valluable at any price, should you give us as many barrells of gold as you take barrells of ponder. N. Upon my faith and honor, cousin, it shall be restored in ten dayes. H. My Lord, such is the danger of the times, that for aught we know, we may in lesse than foure dayes be ruined for want of it ; and I beseech your lordship to consider, how sad a thing it is, in these times of warre, to leave a poore country and the people in it, naked and open to the iniury of every passenger ; for if you take our ponder, you may as well take our amies, without which we are unable to make use of them, and I hope your lordship will not dis- arme the country. N. Why, who should the country feare ? I am their lord lief- tenant and engaged with my life and honor to defend them ! what danger are they in ? H. Danger, yes my lord, greate danger; there is a troope of horse now in the towne, and it hath often hap'ned so that they have committed greate outrages and insolencies, calling divers honest men puritanes and rogues, with divers other provoking termes and carnages ; I myself was abused by some of them, as I passed on the roade : I chanced to meete some of these gentlemen, who, as- soone as I was past, enquired my name, and being told it, gave me 84 another, saying among themselves, that I was a puritane and a traitor; as two or three honest men that came behind told me. Besides 3^our lordship may be farre of, and we ruin'd before 3'ou can come to us, being unarm'd and not able to defend ourselves from any body, and this countr}'^ being a roade through which, under the name of souldiers, rude people dayl}' passe from north to south and temhe the country; which if they knew to be naked and unanned, they would thereby be encouraged to greater insolencies and mischiefes. N. The king's occasions are such and so urg-ent as I cannot dis- pence with it for any reasons, but must needs have it. H. I hope your lordship will not denie that the country hath a right, interest, and propertie in it. A^. I do not denie it. H. Then, my Lord, I hope his males tie will not command it from them. N. No, he doth but desire to borrow it. H. Then, I hope, if he doe but desire to borrow it, his maiestie hath signified his request to those that have interest in it, under his hand. N. Upon my honor he hath, but I left it behind me. H. I beseeche your lordship then, that you would not take it away, 'till you have acquainted the country with it, who only have power to lend it; and if your lordship be pleased to doe this, I Avill engage myselfe that by to-morrow at twelve of the clock, that part of the country who have interest in the pouder, shall all waite on your lordship and give you their resolutions. N. The king's occasions cannot admitt of that delay. H. I beseech of your lordship, yet be pleas'd to consider the dangerous consequence of taking it without the countries consent, and be pleased but to stay 'till they can come in. 85 N. That time is more than his majesties necessities can dispence withall. With tliat Mr, Hutchinson went downe staires, -where b}- that time a good company of the country were gathered together, to whom Mr. Hutchinson told what my lord had sa3''d to him, and they desu'ed him that he would but stand to them, and they Avould part with ever}^ drop of blood out of their bodies before he should have it ; and sa3''d besides, that they would go up and breake ni}^ lord's neck and the sheriff's out of the windores ; but Mr. Hutchinson desired them to stay below, till he had once more spoken to my lord, and then, taking only one or two more with him, Avent up and spoke to my lord. H. My Lord, I am againe, at the request of the countric, that are below, come to your lordship, and doe once more humbly be- seeche you, to consider the businesse you are about, before you proceed further in it, for it may proove of dangerous consequence if you goe on. N. Cousin, I am confident it cannot, for the countric will not denie this to the king. H. It's very probable they will not, if your lordship please to hsu*e patience, till they can be call'd in, that they may be acquainted with his maiesties desires. JV. His maiesty is very well assured of the willingnessc and cheerfullnesse of the greater part of the country to it. H. My Lord, I doe not know what assurance his maiesty hath of it, but if you please to look out of this window, (pointing to the countrymen below in the streets), you will see no inconsiderable number gathered, who I feare will not be willing to part Avith it. N. Those are but some few factious men, not to be con- sidered. — H. My Lord, we have bene happy yet, in these unhappy dif- ferences, to have had no blood shed, and I am confident 3'our lord- 86 ship is soe noble and tender of your country, that it would very much trouble you, to have a hand in the first man's blood that should be spent iw this quanrel. \ N. Cousin, it cannot come to that, feare it not, (this was spoken ver}' slightly and contemptuously), his maiesties occasions are urgent and must be serv'd. — (With that, the countrie came very fast up, which when the ca- valier captanes saw, they slunk downe). H. Why then, my lord, I must planiely tell you, not one here but will loose every drop of blood in his body, before he will part with one corne of it, without your lordship can shew either a com- mand or a request for it under his maiesties hand and scale, or that the countrie be call'd together to give their free consent to it, for we have all propcrtie and interest in it, being members of this county, and it being bought Avith our money, for the particular defence and safetie of the same. My lord desired to borrow part of it, but that being denied, he turned to Sr. John Digbie and took him to the window, where, after he had whispered with him a while, Sr. John Digbie laid downe his pen, inke, and paper, with which he had been taking an account of the ponder, match, and bullet. The countrymen desired my lord aloud, that he Avould not take away their ponder, out of the country ; upon which, turning to them, he thus spoke — " Gentlemen, his maiesty was assured by some of the cheerfull- nesse of this country's affections to him, which I am very sorry to see so much failing in, and that the countrie should come so much short of this towne, which hath cheerfully lent his maiestie one bar- rell of ponder, but it seems he can have none from you ; I pray God you doe not repent this carriage of yours towards his maiestie, which he must be acquainted withall." A countryman, standing forth, asked his lordship this question, •*' Whethei', if he were to lake a iourney into a place where pro- 87 hablj he might be set upon by thieves and robbers, and having a charge about him, if any friend should aske him to lend his sword, he would part with it and goe himself without r" My lord the case is ours; our lives, Avives, children, and estates, all depend upon this countries safetie; and hoAv can it be safe in these danoerous times, when soe many troopcs and companies passe through and committ outrages and abuses among us, if we have not amies and ponder Avherewith to defend us ? My Lord made no replic, but bade the men whom he had em- ploy 'd to weigh up the ponder desist; and soe Avent downe the staires. Mr. Hutchinson follow'd him, and as he Avent, an auncient gentleman, Avho Avas Avith my lord, Avhose face and name Avere both unknoAvne to him, came to him and sayd these Avords : — " Stand to it, I'll Avarrand you, gentlemen it is Avell done." And as they pass'd through a Ioav roome, my lord tooke Mr. Hutchinson aside, and sayd, N. Cousin, I must acquaint the king Avith this ! H. My Lord, it's very likely you must, being, employ 'd upon his maiesties service, give him an account. N. Nay cousin, (smiling), I meane not soe, but I must acquaint him, and I am sorry I must, that you are the head and ringlcadev. of a faction, Avhereby you hinder his maiestie's service. H. My Lord, I doe not conceive hoAv this can be a faction, I speaking only, out of the noble respect and honor I beare your lord- ship, in private to you, to prevent a mischiefe, the sence of these men, Avho I perceivVl Avere come to know by Avhat authoritie, and Avhy, their pouder, Avhich is their proper goods and only means of safetie, in these times of danger, should be taken from them ; and if it Avere a faction, I am not the head of it, I, accidentally coming to toAvne from Sr. John Biron's last night, and neither knoAving nor imagining any of this businisse, Avas this morning importun'd to Avaite 88 on your lordship, at the town's hall, by many countrymen, who in- f'orm'd me you were taking away their ponder out of the country. N. Cousin, if you can answer it, I shall be glad of it; but III assure you I must let his maiestie know. H. If his maiestie must know it, I am very happy I spoke to none but your lordship; who, I am confident, is so noble that you will neither adde nor diminish anietliing to my preiudice, and then I am confident the iustnesse and reasonableness of what I have say'd, with my own innocencie in speaking it, will beare me out. N. I, cousin, but your name is up alreadie. H. It may be soe, my lord; and I believe those that sett it up, had no good wishes to me, and as it rose, soe, in the name of God, let it fall ; for I know my owne clearenesse and innocencie in anie- thing that can be obiected against me. N. Well, cousin, well ; I am glad of j^our good resolution.^ And so my lord left him. The gentlemen of the country that were there, upon consideration, what they should doe with their pouder, determin'd to returne my lord thanks for sparing it, and to lock it up with two locks, whereof the sherjfte should have one key, and the mayor another : which accordingly was done, but Mr. Hutchinson came no more at my lord. In the meane time, at Yorke, the king had sent the parliament a message, that he intended to goe in person to Ireland, and to rayse a guard for his owne person, about West Chester, which he would arme out of his magazine at Hull. But the parliament, having before intercepted a letter of the Lord Digbie's, sent to the queene ^ How my lord may have reported this matter to the king signifies little ; but he probably remembered as a kindness Mr. Hutchinson's interposition between him and the more rough arguments of the countrymen ; for there appears to have existed, on all suitable occasions^ an intercourse of friendship during the remainder of their lives. 89 from Middleburgh in Zealand, wherein he intimated, that, if the king Avould retire to some safe place, and declare himselfe, he should be able to waite upon him from thence, &c. Upon this letter and other presumptions, thc}^ suspected that the chiefe end of the king's going northward, was to seize the magazine at Hull, and arme himselfe from thence, against them ; wherefore they sent a petition, for leave to remove that magazine to the tower of London, and accordingly had sent Sr. John Hotham thither to doe it. Sr. John prevented the Earle of Newcastle, whom the king had sent for the same purpose, to seize the magazine, and kept him out ; at which the king was much incens'd, and on the 23d of Aprill 1642, went himselfe to Hull, attended with some noblemen, gentlemen, and souldiers, and demanded entrance ; but the gates were shutt, and Hotham, kneeling upon the wall, intrcated the king not to command that, Avhich, without breach of trust, he could not obey. In conclusion, the king not getting entrance, proclaimed Ho- tham traitor, and sent a complaint of the affront to the parliament. The parliament iustified Hotham, many declarations about it were published on both sides, many crosse-commands, the parliament authorizing Hotham to issue out warrants to constables and other officers, to come in armed, to the defence of Hull, the king for- bidding it. The king meane while in the north, summon'd divers of the nobility and gentry to attend him, and made speeches to them, to desire a guard for his person, pretending danger from the parliament. He then began to entertaine souldiers, and was much encourag'd by the defection of divers lords and many of the com- mons house, who forsooke their trust and came to him at Yorke ; whereupon he call'd those who remain'd only a faction, a pretended parliament, and such names ; but they continued still petitioning to him, and the well-affected and godly, in all countries, did the like, that he would returne to his parliament. The papists all over Eng- land were high partakers with him and promoters of his designcs, and 90 all the debosht iiobillit}' and gentry, and their dependents, and the lewder rout of people ; yet even of these some there were, that had English hearts, who came in to the parliament ; but finding after- wards that the advance of liberty and righteousnesse could not con- sist with riot and ungodlinesse, they forsooke their party, and were content to be the king's slaves, rather then divorce themselves from those lusts, w'hich found countenance from both priests and princes on one side ; and on the other was preacht downe by the ministers, and punisht by the magistrates \ Towards the end of May, the j^arliauient sent the king word, that if he would not disband his forces, and rely upon the lawes and affections of his people, for his security, as all good princes before him had done, they held themselves bound in duty to God and the people's trust reposed in them, and by the fundamcntall lawes, to employ their utmost care and power, for securing the par- liament and preserving the kingdome's peace. AVhereupon they voted, " That it seems the king, seduced by wicked councell, in- tends a warre against the parliament, &c. " That whensoever the king makes waiTc upon the parliament, it is a breach of the trust reposed in him by the people, contrary to his oath, and tending to the dissolution of this government. " That whosoever shall assist him in such warres, are traytors, by the fundamentall lawes of this kingdome, and have bene so ad- iudg'd, in two acts of parliament, 11 Richard 2, and 1 Henry 4 ; and that such persons ought to suffer as traytors." a Whatever may be said at this day of ihc hj-pocrisy of the religionists of those times, the most that can possibly be allowed, is that their professions might somewhat outgo their practice; but this must in some degree befal ever\' Christian, No one can deny that, instead of captivating vulgar minds by breaking the bonds of morality, as modern demagogues have done, the forefathers of our liberties set the pattern of a reli- gious and decent conduct, and caused the same to be -observed in their armies with aa exactness that surprizes us, and of which rigour many striking examples are to be found in Whitelock's Memorials. 91 Hereupon nine of the lords, that first went to the king, were summon'd to returne ; wlio sending a letter of" deniall, were, by the whole house of peeres, sentenc'd to be incapable of ever sitting againe as members of that house, or of benefit or priviledge of par- liament, and to suffer imprisonment during pleasure. Then the lord keeper, who had appear'd firme to the parliament, and voted with them, for settling the millitia by ordinance of parliament, runne away to the king, after he had deliver'd up his scale, the day before, to one the king sent for it. The king, having this, issued out man}^ proclamations, and among the rest, one that no man should obey the parliament's warrants, about setling the mil- litia. The parliament, on the other side, made ordinances forbid- ding all men to ra3'se armes, by warrant from the king, without authority of parliament. And now they began to settle the king- dome's millitia, both by land and sea, and made the Earle of War- wick admiral!, which place the king had conferral upon Sr. John Pennington, in the roome of the Earle of Northumberland, and commanded my lord of Warwick to resigne ; but he chose to obey the parliament, and got the fleete at length wholly into his hands, and took a ship with ammunition comming to the king out of Hol- land. The parliament now, despairing of the king's returne, made an ordinance for mony and plate to be brought in, for raysing armes for the cause ; which came in, in greate abundance, upon publick faith, and likewise horses and armes for the service. The king, Avho had recciv'd mony, amies, and ammunition, which the (}e.ecnc had piocur'd in Holland, b}' pawning the crowne iewells, sent out commissions of array, to arme the people in all counties, and mockt the parliament, using their owne word, wherein they invited men to arme for the defence of the protestant religion, the king's person, dignitie, and authority, the lawes of the land, the peace of the kingdome, and privelledge of parliament ; and thus decciv'd many peo])le, and gott contributions of plate, mony, and 92 amies in the country. While lliese things were in transaction, the king made a solemne protestation before the lords, as in the presence of God, declaring that he would not engage them in any warre, against the parliament, but only for his necessary defence ; that his desire was to maintaine the protestant religion, the liberties of the subiect, and privelledge of parliament; but the next day, he did some action, so contrary to this protestation, that two of the lords durst not stay with him, but return'd to the parliament; and one of them conuning back through Nottinghamshire, acquainted Mr. Hutchinson with the sad sence he had, discovering that falsehood in the king. Now had the king rays'd an armie of three thousand foote and one thousand horse, Avith which he went to Beverly, in order to besiege Hull. When he was within two howers march of the place, Sr. John Hotham floted the country about it, and Sr. John Mel- drum, sallying out of the towne, with five hundred townsmen, made the king's party retreate to Beverly: but however they be- leaguer'd the towne, into which the parliament sent a reliefe of five hundred men, by water, with whom Meldrum made another sally, routed the leagucr-souldiers, kill'd some, made others prisoners, tooke the magazine of amies and ammunition, which was in a barne, with their fire-balls, and fired the barne. Hereupon the king's councell of warre broke up the siege, from whence the king went back to Yorke, and about the middle of August came lo Nottingham, Avhere he sett up his standard royall, and hither his two nephewes, Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice, came to him and were put into commands. The king marching through Notting- ham, Derby, and Leicestei-shire, call'd together the trained bands as to attend him, disarm'd those counties, and march'd to Shrews- berry, and there sett up a mint and coyned the plate, that had bene brought in to him. Here a greate many men came in to him, with whom, marching into Warwickshire, he there fought his first 93 battle at a village call'd Keynton;'' it not being yett agreed who gain'd the victory that day. As the king, on his part, made this progresse, so the parliament, on theirs, upon the twelfdi of July, voted an armie to be rays'd, and the Earle of Essex to be general! of it. Divers of the lords and severall members of the house of commons tooke commissions, and rays'd regiments and companies under his command, who march'd with his armie of about fourteen thousand horse and foote to his rendevouz at Northampton, whither the parliament sent a petition to him, to be deliver'd to the king, in a safe and honorable way; the summe of which was, to beseeche him to forsake those Avicked people with whom he was, and not to mix his danger with theirs, but to returne to his parliament, &c. The king intending to make "Worcester a garrison, sent Prince Rupert thither; the Earle of Essex, to prevent him, sent other forces, betweene whom there was some skirmish, but the prince left the towne at their approach. My lord of Essex left a garrison in Northampton, putt others into Coventry and Warwick, and went to Worcester. Here he made some stay, till the king, marching from Shrewsberrie, there was some appre- hension of his going up to London, for which cause my lord left part of his artillery behind him, and follow'd the king's motions, which the king perceiving, tooke an opertunity, before his artillery and the foote left with it were come up to him, and resolv'd to give him battle; which was not declined on the other side, but fought with doubtfull successe, the circumstances whereof may be read at large in the stories of those things. The king's generall was slaine, his standard Avas taken, though not kept; but on the other side •» Commonly called Edge-hill fight. Both king and parliament claimed the victory, but our authoress shews rather more candour than either. The king's main design of marching to London was however frustrated, and therefore the parliament might be most properly termed gainers. 94 alsoe there were many brave men slaine and prisoners. My lord of Essex marcht to Coventry; the king to take up his winter quarters at Oxford, from whence Prince Rupert flew about the countries with his body of horse, plunder'd and did many barbarous things; insomuch that London, growing into apprehensions of the king's armie, the parliament call'd back the Earle of Essex to quarter about London; and he being returned thither, the king was advanc'd as farre as Colebrooke, where he was presented widi a petition from the parliament for accommodation, to which he answer'd, with a protestation to God, how much he was griev'd for his subiects' sufferings, and, in order to peace, Av-as willing to reside neare Lon- don, to receive their propositions, and to treate with them. As- soone as ever the commissioners Avere gone, the king advanc'd with his horse and artillery towards London, and, taking the advantage of a grcate mist, fell upon a broken regiment of Col. Hollis's, quar- tered at Brainft)rd, and kill'd many of them, and had destroy 'd them all, but that Brooke's and Hampden's regiments, by Provi- dence, came seasonably to their rescue; and then so many forces flockt with the generall, out of London, that the king Avas enclos'd, and the Avarre had bene ended, but that I know not hoAv three thou- sand of the parliament's forces Avere call'd aAvay by their procure- ment Avho design'd the continuance of the Avarre; and so the king liad a way of retreate left open, by Avhich he gott back to Oxford, and the parliament's generall Avas sent out againe ' Avitli their armic; Avhose proceedings I shall take up againe in their due places, so farre as is necessarie to be remember 'd, for the story I most particu- larly intend. * The account Mrs. Hutchinson gives of the affair of Brentford is much more clear and probable than that given by Rapin, vol. ii. p. 465. Indeed he himself seems dis- satisfied with those varying accounts he could collect of that business from Clarendon and others: but Ludlow, who was a military man and an eye-witness, gives a clear account, agieeing with that of Mrs. Ilutchiuson. 95 Before the flame of the warre broke out in tlie lop of the chiin- iiies, the smoake ascended in every country; the king had sent forth commissions of array, and the parUament had given out commis- sions for their miUitia, and sent of their members into all counties to put them in execution. Betweene these in many places there were fierce contests and dispytes, allmost to blood, even at the first; for in the progresse every county had the civil) warre, more or lesse, Avithin itselfe. Some counties were in the beginning so wholly for the parliament, that the king's interest appear'd not in them; some so wholly for the king, that the godly, for those generally were the parliament's friends, were forc'd to forsake their habitations, and seeke other shelters: of this sort was Nottinghamshire. All the nobillity and gentry, and their dependents, were generally for the king, the chiefe of whose names I shall summe up here, because I shall often have occasion to mention them. The greatest famely was the Earle of Newcastle's,'' a lord so much once beloved in his country that, Avhen the first expedition was against the Scotts, the gentlemen of the country sett him forth two troopes, one all of gentlemen, the other of their men, who waited on him into the north at their owne charges. He had indeed, through his greate estate, his liberall hospitality, and constant residence in his countr}^ so endear 'd them to him, that no man was a greater prince then he in all that northerne quarter, till a foolish ambition of glorious slavery carried him to court, where he ran himselfe much in debt, to pur- chase neglects of the king and cjueene, and scornes of the proud courtiers. Next him was the Earle of Kingston, a man of vast estate, and not lesse covetousnesse, who devided his sonns betweene both parties, and conceal'd himselfe, till at length his fate drew him ^ This title was at that time in the family of Cavendish, of which this line ceased with the nobleman here mentioned: — that of Devonshire continuing for many gene- rations; and for many more may it continue! to produce the firmest supporters of tlic constitution of their country. Q 96 to declare himselfe absolutely on the king's side, wherein he behav'd himselfe honorably, and died ^emarkabl3^ His eldest sonne " was lord lieftenant of the county, and at that time no nobleman had a greater reputation in the court for learning and generosity then he, Avho was so high of the king's partie, that the parliament was very much incens'd against him. Lord Chesterfield and all his famely Avere highly of the royall party: so was the Lord Chaworth: the Earle of Clare was very often of both parties, and I thinke never advantag'd either. All the popish gentry were wholly for the king, Avhereof one Mr. Golding, next neighbour to Mr. Hutchinson, had bene a private collector of the catholicks' contributions to the Irish rebellion, and for that was by the queene's procurement made a knight and baronett. Sr. John Biron, afterwards Lord Biron, and all his brothers bred up in arms, and valiant men in their owne persons, were all passionately the king's. Sr. John Savill, a man of vast estate, was the like : so were Sr. Gervas Eyre, Sr. John Digby, Sr. Matthew Pulmer, Sr. Thomas Williamson, Sr. Roger CoAvper, Sr. W. Hickman, Sr. Hugh Cartwright, Sr. T. Willoughby, Sr. Thomas Smith, Sr. Thomas BlackAvell, Markham, Perkins, Tevery, Pearce, Palme, Wood, Sanderson, Moore, Mellish, Butler, Avith divers others. — Of the parliament men, Mr. Sutton, afterAvards Lord liCx- ington, and Sr. Gervas Clifton, forsooke the parliament, went to the king, and executed his commission of array. Mr. William Stanhope left the parliament, and came home disaffected to them, Avhose eldest sonne Avas after slaine in the king's service. Mr. William Pierre- pont,^, second sonne of the Earl of Kingston, Avas of the parliament, ' Lord Newark, before spoken of. In Collins's Peerage, under the title of Duke of Kingston, there are cited singular proofs of this nobleman's learning. ' From this gentleman the late Duke of Kingston and the present Earl of Newark are lineally descended. His wisdom as a politician is sufficiently evinced by this masterly stroke, which decided the fate of the king and the parliament: of his mode- ration Whitelock speaks repeatedly: of his eloquence there are preserved by Rush- 97 though he serv'd not for his owne country, to which notwithstanding he was an ornament, being one of the Avisest councellors and ex- cellent speakers in the house, and by him was that bill promoted and carried on Avhich past for the continuation of this parliament. He had a younger brother living at Nottingham, who coldly own'd the parliament. Sr. Thomas Hutchinson continued Avith the parlia- ment, was fimie to their cause, but infinitely desirous the difterence might rather have bene composed by accommodation, then ended by conquest; and therefore did not emproove his interest to engage the country in the quarrell, Avliich, if he could have prevented, he Avould not have had come to a warre. He Avas hoAvever clearly on the parliament side, and never discourag'd his tAvo sons, Avho thought this prudentiall tardinesse in their father Avas the declension of that vigour Avhich they deriv'd from him, and Avhich better be- came their youth. It is true they AA'ere the foremost in poynt of time and in degree, except a piece of a nobleman that Avas after drawne in, Avho OAvned the parliament's interest in their country. Mr. Henry Ireton, their cousin, Avas elder then they, and having had an education in the strictest way of godlinesse, and being a very grave and solid person, a man of good learning, greate understand- worth some specimens^ from one of which is extracted this as a singular trait of candour and delicacy. " It is pleasing to the nature of man that others should obey " his will, and well-framed dispositions of princes may easily be persuaded their " power is unlimited, when they are also put in mind that they have therefore more " cause to do well, and for doing well are more renowned: for the most oppressive " designs we have suffered under, the pretences to his majesty have been the good of " his subjects: his is the sin, who is to judge by the laws, who knows the laws ai'e to " the contrary, yet puts and confirms such thoughts in his prince. He that incites *' another to arbitrary government usually doth it for self-ends, and when tliey are " compassed, hates him for taking that power he himself persuaded him unto." This will be found an elegant solution of the paradox which appears in the character given by Mrs. Hutchinson of Charles tlie First, " that so good a man should make so bad a " prince." 98 ing, and other abiilities, to which was ioyn'cl a wilHng and zealous heart to the cause and his country, he was the chiefe promoter of the parhament's interest in the country; but finding it generally dis- affected, all he could doe, when the king approacht it, was to gather a troope of those godly people Avhich the cavalliers drove out, and wilh them he went into my lord of Essex his armie; which he, being a single person, might the better doe: Mr. Hutchinson was not willing so soone to quitt his house, to which he was so lately come, if he could have bene suffered to live quietly in it, but his affections to the parliament being taken notice of, he became an obiect of cnvic to the other part}'. Sr. Thomas Hutchinson, a litde before the standard was sett up, was come to Nottingham, where his house Avas, to see his children and refresh himselfe, when, hearing of the king's intentions to come to the towne, he, some days before his comming, M'ent over to Ow- thorpe, his sonn's house, to remaine there till he could fitt himselfe to returne to the parliament. One day, as Mr. Hutchinson was at dinner, the mayor of Nottingham sent him word that the high sheriff^ had broken open the lock of the countrie's ammunition, Avhich was left in his trust, and was about to take it awa3\ ]\Ir. Hutchinson immediately went in all hast to prevent it, but before he came to the towne it was gone, and some of the king's souldicrs were all- ready come to towne, and were plund'ring all the lionest men of their amies. As one of them had taken a muskett, seeing Mr. Hutchinson goe by, he wisht it loaden for his sake, and sayd he hoped the day would shortly come when all such roundheads Avould be faire markes for them. This name of Roundhead comming so opertunely in, I shall make a little digression to tell how it came up. AVhen puritanisme grew into a faction, the zealotts distinguisht themselves, both men and women, by severall affectations of habitt, lookes, and Avords, which, had it bene a reall declension of vanity, and embracing of sobriety in all those things, had bene most com- 99 mendable in them; but their quick forsaking of those things, when they were where they Avoukl be, shew'd that they either never tooke them up for conscience, or were corrupted by their prosperity to take up those vaine things they durst not practise under persecu- tion. Among other affected habitts few of the puritanes, what degree soever they were of, wore their haire long enough to cover their cares, and the ministers and many others cut it close round their heads, with so many little peakes, as was something ridiculous to behold ; Avhereupon Cleaveland, in his Hue and Crie after them, begins, With hayre in Characters and Luggs in Text, &c. From this custome of wearing their haires, that name of Roundhead became the scornefuU terme given to the Avhole parliament party; ^ whose army indeed marcht out so, but as if they had bene sent out only till their haire was growne: two or three yeares after any stranger that had scene them, would have enquir'd the reason of that name. It Avas very ill applied to Mr. Hutchinson, who having naturally a very fine thicksett head of haire, kept it clean and hand- some, so that it was a greate ornament to him, allthough the godly of those dayes, when he embrac'd their party, would not allow him to be religious because his hayre Avas not in their cutt, nor his Avords in their phraze, nor such little formallilies altogether fitted to their humor, Avho were, many of them, so Aveake as to esteeme rather for such insignificant circumstances, then for solid Avisdome, piety, and courage, Avhich brought reall ayd and honor to their party: but as Mr. Hutchinson chose not them, but ihe God they serv'd, and the truth and righteousnesse they defended, so did not their Aveake- nesses, censures, ingratitude, and discouraging behaviour, Avith Avhicii he Avas abundantly exercis'd all his life, make him forsake them in any thing Avherein they adher'd to iust and honorable principles or practizes, but Avhen they apostalized from these, none cast them of Avilh greater indignation, how shining soever the profession Avere that 100 "uilt, not a temple of living grace, but a tomb, which only held the carkase of religion. Instead of digressing, I shall ramble into an inextricable wildernesse, if I pursue this sad remembrance: to returne therefore to his actions at that time. • When he found the ponder gone, and saw the souldiers taking up quarters in the towne, and heard their threates and revilings, he Avent to his father's house in the towne, where he had not bene long but an uncivill fellow stept into the house, with a carabine in his hand; Mr. Hutchinson askt what he would have; the man replied, he came to take possession of the house; Mr. Hutchinson told him, he had the possession of it, and would know on what right it was demanded from him; the man sayd, he came to quarter the general 1 there; Mr. Hutchinson told him, except his father and mother, and their children, were turn'd out of doores, there was no roonie; the quarter-master, upon this, growing insolent, Mr. Hutchinson thrust him out of the house, and shut the doores upon him. Immediately my lord of Lindsey came himselfe, in a great chafe, and ask'd who it was that denied him quarter? Mr. Hutchinson told him, he that came to take it up for him deserv'd the usage he had, for his un- civill demeanour, and those who had (juarter'd his lordship there had much abus'd him, the house being no wayes fitt to receive a person of liis quallity, which, if he pleas'd to take a view of it, he would soone perceive; Avhereupon my lord, having scene the roomes, was very angry they had made no better provision for him, and would not have layne in the house, but they told him the towne was so full that it was impossible to gett him roome any where elce. Hereupon he told Mr. Hutchinson, if they would only allow him one roome, he would have no more; and Avhen he came upon termes of civillity, Mr. Hutchinson was as civill to him, and my lord only employ 'd one roome, staying there with all civillity to those that Avere in the house. Assoone as my lord was gone, Mr. Hutchinson was inform'd by a friend, that the man he had turn'd out of doores was the quarter-master generall, who, upon his complaint, had pro- 101 cur'd a warrant to seize his person; whereupon Mr. Hutchinson, Avith his brother, went immccliately home to his owne house at Ow- thorpe. About four or five da^x^s after a troope of cavalhers, under the command of Sr. Lewis Dives, came to Stanton, neere Owthorpe, and searcht ]\Ir. Needham's house, who was a noted puritane in those dayes, and a collonell in the parhament's service, and governor of Leicester: they found not him, for he hid himselfe in the gorse, and so escaped them; his house being lightly plunder'd, they went to Hickling and plunder'd another puritane house there, and were comming to Owthorpe, of Avhich Mr. Hutchinson having notice, went away to Leicestershire; but they, though they had orders to seize Mr. Hutchinson, came not at that time because the night grew on ; but some dayes after he was gone another company came and search'd for him, and for arms and plate, of which finding none, they tooke nothing elce. Two dayes after Mr. Hutchinson was in Leicestershire he sent for his Avife, Avho Avas then big Avith child, to come thither to him, Avhere she had not bene a day, but a letter Avas brought him from Nottingham, to give him notice that there was a warrant sent to the sheriife of Leicestershire to seize his person. Upon this he de- termined to go the next day into Northamptonshire, but at five of the clock that evening the sound of their trumpetts told him a troope Avas comming into the towne ; he stay'd not to see them, but Avent out at the other end as they came in, Avho, by a good provi- dence for his Avife, (somcAvhat aflicted to be so left alone in a strange place) proved to be commanded by her OAvne brother, Sr. Allen Apsley, Avho quarter'd in the next house to that Avhere she Avas, till about two or three dayes before all the king's horse that were thereabouts march'd aAvay, being commanded upon some service to go before the rest. Mr. Hutchinson, in the meanc time, was carried by a servant that Availed on him to the house of a substantiall honest yeoman, 102 who was bayliffe to the lord of the towne^ of Kehnaish, in Nortli- araptonshire ; this man and his wife, being godly, gave Mr. Hutch- inson very kind entertainment, and prevailed with him to be ac- quainted with their master, who had iust then made ready plale and horses to goe in to the king, that had now sett up his standard at Nottingham; but Mr. Hutchinson diverted him, and persuaded him and another gentleman of quallity, to carrie in those aydes, they had provided for the king, to ni}' lord generall Essex, who Avas then at Northampton, where Mr. Hutchinson visited him, and could gladly at that time have engag'd with him, but that he did not then find a cleare call from the Lord ; and therefore, intelligence being brought of the king's remoove, he was now returning to his wife, when unawares he came into a towne, where one of Prince Rupert's troopes was, Avhich he narrowly escap'd, and returning to his former honest host, sent a letter to his wife, to acquaint her what hazard he was in, by attempting to come to her, but that assoone as the horse was marcljt away, he would be with her. This letter was intercepted, at Prince Rupert's quarters, and opened and sent her. There was with Prince Rupert, at that time, one Captaine Welch, who having us'd to come to Captaine Apsley, and scene Mrs. Hutchinson with him, made a pretence of civillity to visitt her, that day that all the Prince's horse marcht away. They marcht by the doore of the house where she was, and all the household were gone out to see them, and had left her alone in the house, with Mr. George Hutch- inson, who was in her chamber, when Capt. Welch came in, and she went downe into the parlour to receive him. He taking occa- sion to tell her of her husband's letter, by way of complement, sayd it was a pittie she should have a husband so unworthy of her, as to enter into any faction, which should make him not dare to be scene with her; whereat she being pecck'd, and thinking they were all s It is customary, in Nottinghamshire^ to call every village of any size a town. 103 marcht away, told him he was mistaken, she had not a husband that would at any time hide himselfe from him, or that durst not shew his iace where any honest man durst appeare ; and to confirme 3'ou, sayd she, he shall noAv come to you ; with that she call'd downe her brother, Avho, upon a private hint, own'd the name of husband she gave him, and receiv'd a compliment from AVelch, that in any other place he had bene oblig'd to make him a prisoner, but here he Avas in sanctuary ; and so, after some little discourse, went away. When the gentleman of the house and the rest of the famcly, that had bene seeing the march, were rcturn'd, and while they sate laughing together, att those that Avent to see the Prince, telling how some of the neighbouring ladies Avere gpne allong Avith him, and Mrs. Hutchinson telling hoAV she had abused the captaine, Avith Mr. Hutchinson insteed of her husband, the captaine came back, bringing another gentleman Avith him, and told Mr. Hutch- inson, that his horse having lost a shoe, he must be his prisoner, "till the smith releast him ; but they had not sate long, ere a boy came in Avith tAvo pistolls, and Avhisper'd the captaine, Avho desiring Mr. Hutchinson and the gentleman of the house to Avalke into the next roome, seiz'd Mr. George, in the name of Mr. John Hutch- inson. It booted not for them both to endeavour to undeceive him, by telling him Mr. John Avas still at Northampton, for he Avould not, at least Avould seeme not, to believe them, and carried him aAA'ay, to be revcng'd of Mrs. Hutcjiinson, att Avhoni he was vex'd for haA'ing deluded him: soe, full of Avickcd ioy, to have found an in- nocent gentleman, Avhom he knew the bloodhounds Avere after, he went and informed the prince, and made it of such moment, as if they had taken a much more considerable person. The prince had sent back a troope of dragoones to guard him to them, which troope had besett the house and tOAvne, before Welch came in to them the second time, Avhen, notwithstanding all informations of his error, he carried aAvay ISIr. Hutchinson, and pult his sister into affright and R 104 distemper with it; whicli when the weomen about her saw they rail'd at him for his treachery and basenesse, but to no purpose. Assoone as he overtooke the body of horse, with his prisoner, there was a shout from one end to the other of the souldiers. Mr. Hutch- inson, being brought to the prince, told him he was the younger brother, and not the person he sent for, which three or four of the Birons, his cousin gcrmanes, acknowledg'd to be soe, yet Welch outswore them all, that it was Mr. John Hutchinson. The Lord Viscount Grandison, a cousin germane of Mrs. Hutchinson's, was then in the king's armie, to whom she immediately dispatcht a messenger, to entreate him to obliege her, by the procurement of her brother's liberty, who, upon her imprudence, had bene brought into that trouble : my lord sent her word, that, for the present, he could not obteine it, but he would endeavour it afterwards, and in the meane time gave her notice that it was not safe for her husband to returne, there being forty men left to lie close in the country, and watch his comming to her. So Mr. George Hutchinson was carried to Derby, and there, with some difficult}^ his liberty ob- tein'd, by the interposition of my Lord Grandison and the Birons. They would have had him to have given them an engagement, that he would not take arms with the parliament ; but he refus'd, telling them, he liv'd peaceably at home, and should make no engagement to doe anie thing, but what his conscience led him to, that if they pleas'd, they might deteine him, but it would be no advantage to them, nor losse to the other side ; upon which considerations, they were perswaded to lett him goe. Immediately after his release, he went to London to his father, where his elder brother was before him ; for assoone as he understood from his wife what his brother suffer'd in his name, he tooke post to London, to procure his re- lease, and there they both stay'd till they receiv'd assurance, that the king's forces were quite drawne out of the country, and then they together return'd to Leicestershire, where Mrs. Hutchinson, within 105 a few dayes after her brother was taken, was brought to bed of her eldest daughter, Avhich by reason of the mother's and the nurse's griefes and frights, in those troublesome times, was so Aveake a child that it liv'd not foure yeares, dying afterwards in Nottingham castle. When Mr. Hutchinson came to his Avife, he carried her and her children, and his brother, back againe to his house, about the time that the l^attle Avas fought at Edge Hill. After this the tAvo brothers, going to Nottingham, melt there most of the godly people, Avho liad been diiven away, by the rudenesse of the king's armie, and plunder'd upon the account of godlinesse, Avho were now return d to their famelies, and desireous to liA^e in peace Avith them, but haA^ng, by experience, found they could not doe so, unless the parliament interest Avere maintein'd, they Avere consulting hoAv to rayse some recruites, for the Earle of Essex, to assist in Avhich Mr. Hutchinson had provided his plate and horses ready to send in. About this time Sr. John Gell, a Derbyshire gentleman, Avho had bene sheriffe of the. county, at that time, Avhen the illegall tax of ship-mony Avas exacted, and so violent in the prosecution of it, that he sterv'd Sr. John Stanhope's cattle in the pound, and Avould not suffer any one to relieve them there, because that Avorthy gentle- man stood out against that uniust payment, and Avho had by many aggravating circumstances, not only concerning his prosecution of Sr. John Stanhope, but others, soe highly misdemean'd himselfe that he lookt for punishment, from the parliament, to prevent it, very early putt himselfe into their service, and after the king Avas gone out of these countries, prevented the cavalier gentry from seizing the tOAvne of Derby, and fortified it, and rays'd a regiment of foote. These Avere good, stout, fighting men, but the most li- centious ungovernable wretches, that belonged to the parliament. He himselfe, no man knowes for Avhat reason, he chose that side ; for he had not understanding enough to iudge the equity of the cause, nor pietie or holinesse, being a foAvlc adulterer all that time 106 he serv'd the parliament, and so uniust, tliat, without any remorse, he suffer 'd his men indifferently to plunder, both honest men and cavaliers; so revengefuU, that he persued his mallice'to Sr. John Stanhope, upon the foremention'd account with such barbarisme after his death, that he, pretending to search for arms and plate, came into the church and defac'd his monument that cost six hundred pounds, breaking of the nose and other parts of- it; he digg'd up a garden of flowers, the only delight of his widdow, upon the same pretence ; and thus woo'd that widdoAV, who was by all the world believ'd to be the most prudent and affectionate of womankind, but deluded by his hypocrisies, consented to marry him, and found that was the utmost poynt to which he could carrie his revenge, his future carriage making it apparent, he 'sought her for nothing elce but to destroy the glory of her husband and his house. This man kept the diurnall makers "^ in pension, so that Avhatever was done in the neighbouring counties, against the enemy, was attributed to him ; and thus he hath indirectly purchas'd him- selfe a name in stor}^ which he never merited ; who Avas a very bad man, to summe up all in that word, yet an instrument of service to the parliament in those parts. I thought it necessary to insert this little account of him here, because there will be often occasion to mention him, in my following discourse ; and because, although *■ Sir John Gell succeeded so far as to get some of this puffing intelligence intro- duced even into his Memorials by Whitelock ; who, p. 186, talks of an expedition where he killed five of the enemy ! He likewise gives him the honour of taking Shel- ford Manor, at least two years before it was really taken by Colonel Hutchinson. It is very much to be wondered at, that Mrs. Hutchinson no where speaks of»his trial and condemnation for misprision of treason, which Whitelock notes in the year l6jO, during the time of Mr. Hutchinson's being in tiie second council of state. Whitelock does not say what it consisted in, but he was pardoned by the third council, just before Cromwell's usurpation ; and was among those members of parliament who op- posed him boldly. 107 there never was an}' personall acquaintance betweenc him and Mr. Hutchinson, yet that naturall antipathic which is betweene good and evil, render'd him a very bad neighbour to Mr. Hutch- inson's garrison, and one that, under the name of a friend and as- sistant, spoyl'd our country, as much as our enemies. He indeed gave his men leave to commit all insolencies, without any restreint, whereas Mr. Hutchinson took up amies to defend the country as much as was possible from being a prey to rude souldiers, and did oftentimes preserve it both from his and other rude troopes,' which stirr'd up in him envie, hate, and ill will against his neighbour. He was not wise in ordering the scouts and spies he kept out, and so had the worst intelligence in the world. Mr. Hutchinson,- on the other side, employed ingenuous persons, and was better inform'd of the true state of things, and so, oftentimes communicated those in- formations, to the chiefe commanders, which convinc'd the false- hood of his ; and that was another cause of envie. Some that knew him well, sayd he was not valliant, though his men once held him up, among a stand of pikes, while they obtein'd a glorious victory, when the Earle of Northampton was slaine : certeine it is he was never by his good Avill in a fight, but either by chance or necessity; and that which made his courage the more question'd was, the care he tooke, and the expence he was att, to get it weekely mention'd in the diurnalls, so that when they had nothing elce to renowne him for, they once putt in that the troopes of that valliant commander Sr. John Gell tookc a dragoon with a plush doublett. Mr. Hutch- inson, on the other side, that did well for vertuc's sake, and not for the vaine glory of it, never would give aniething, to buy the flat- teries of those scriblers, and when one of them had once, while he ' To the interposition of such men as Colonel Hutchinson we must attribute the proportionably small quantity of mischief that was suffered by this nation, in so long and sharp a civil war as this was. 108 was ill lowne, made mention of something done at Nottinoham, with falsehood, and given Gell the glory of an action wherein he was not concern'd, Mr. Hutchinson rebuk'd him for it, whereupon the man begg'd his pardon, and told him he would write as much for him, the next weeke: but Mr. Hutchinson told him he scorn'd his mercenary pen, only warn'd him not to dare to lie in any of his concernments, whereupon the fellow was awed, and he had no more abuse of that kind. But to turne out of this diorcssion into another, not allooclher impertinent, to the story which I would carrie on. In Nottingham- shire, upon the edge of Derbieshire, there dwelt a man, who was of meane birth and low fortunes, yet had kept company Avith the un- derling gentry of his neighbourhood : this man had the most factious, ambitious, vaincglorious, envious, and mallitious nature that is ima- ginable ; but he was the greatest dissembler, flatterer, traitor, and hipocrite that ever was, and herein had a kind of wicked pollicy, knowing himselfe to be inferiour to all gentlemen, he put on a vizard of godlinesse and humillity, and courted the common people with all plausibillity and flattery that could be practiz'd ; all this while he was addicted to many lusts, especially to that of weomen, but practiz'd them so secretly, that they were not vulgarly taken notice of, though God, to shame him, gave him up to manie a wench out of one of the alehouses he frequented ; but to keepe up a fame of godlinesse, he gave large contributions to puritane preachers, who had the art to stop the people's mouths, from speak- ing ill of their benefactors. By a thousand arts this fellow became popular, and insinuated himselfe so, into all the gentlemen, that own'd the parliament's party, that till he was discover'd some years after, they believ'd him a most true-hearted, faithful!, vigilant, ac- tive man for the godly interest; but he could never climb higher then a presbyterian persecutor, and in the end fell quite of to a declar'd cavalier. In Sr. George Booth's business, tliinking he could 109 sway the scales of a country, he rays'd a troope, and brought them into Derby, and pubhsht a declaration of his owne for the king, then ranne aAvay to Nottingham, and lost all his troope in the route there, and hid himselfe till the king '' came in, when he was re- warded for his revolt with an office, which he enioy'd not many months, his wife and he, and some of his children, dying all together in a few dayes of a feaver little lesse then the plague. This man, call'd Charles White, att the beginning of the civill warre gott a troope of dragoones, who arm'd and mounted themselves out of de- votion to the parliament's cause, and being of his neighbourhood, marcht forth in his conduct, he having procur'd a commission to be their captaine, and they, having stocks and famelies, were not will- ing to march as farre as the armie, but ioyn'd themselves to those who were allready in arms at Derby. After the battle at Edge-hill Sr. John Digby, the high sherifFe of Nottinghamshire, return'd from the king, and had a designe of securing the county against the parliament, whereupon he sent out summons to all the gentlemen resident in the country to mcetc him at Newark. Mr. Hutchinson was at the house of Mr. Francis Pierre- pont, the Earle of Kingston's third sonne, Avhen the letter was de- liver'd him, and another of the same to Mr. Pierrepont, and while they were reading them, and considering what might be the mean- ing of this summons, an honest man, of the sheriffe's neighbourhood, came and gave them notice, that the sheriffe had some designe in agitation, for he had assembled and arm'd about fourscore of his neighbours, to goe out Avith them to Newark, and, as they heard, from thence to Southwell, and from thence to Nottingham, through which towne many arm'd men marcht day and night, to their greate terror. Mr. Hutchinson, upon this intimation, went home, and in- stead of going to meete the sheriffe, sent an excuse, by an intelligent ^ By the king is here meant Charles the Second. 110 person, well acquaiiUed with all ihe country, who had orders to find out their designe; Avhich he did so well, that he assur'd Mr. Hutchinson if he and some others had gone in, they would have bene made prisoners; for the sherifFe came into Newark with a troope of 80 men, with whom he was gone to Southwell, and was to goc the next day to Nottingham, to secure those places for the king. Mr. Hutchinson immediately went with his brother and ac- quainted them at Nottingham with his intelligence, which they had likewise receiv'd from other hands. Although the towne was gene- rally more malignants then well affected, yet they cared not much to have cavalier soldiers quarter Avith them, and therefore agreed to defend themselves against any force which should come against them, and being call'd hastily together, as the exigence requir'd, about seven hundred listed themselves, and chose INIr. George Hutch- inson for their captaine, who having liv'd among them, was very much lov'd and esteem'd by them. The sheriffe hearing this, came not to Nottingham, but those who were now there thus became engaged to prosecute the defence of themselves, the towne, and country, as farre as they could. They were but few, and those not very considerable, and some of them not very hearty; but it pleas'd God here, as in other places, to carry on his worke by weake and unworthy instruments. There were seven aldermen in the towne, and of these only alderman James, then ma^^or, own'd the parlia- ment. He was a very honest, bold man, but had no more but a burgher's discretion; he was yett very well assisted by his Avife, a woman of create zeal and courage, and more understandino- then weomen of her ranke usually have. All the devout people of the towne Avere very vigorous and ready to offer their lives and famelies, but there Avas not halfe the halfe of the towne that consisted of these; the ordinary civill sort of people coldly adher'd to the better, but all the debosht, and such as had liv'd upon the bishops persecuting courts, and bene the lacfjucys of proiectors and monopolizers, and Ill the like, they were all bitterly malignant; yett God awed them, that they could not at that time hinder his people, whom he overruled some of their greatest enemies to assist, such as were one Chadwick and Plumptre, two Avho, at the first, put themselves most forward into the businesse. Plumptre was a doctor of phisick, an inhabi- tant of Nottingham, who had learning, naturall parts, and under- standino- enoui>;h to discerne fcetweene naturall civill rio;hteousnesse and iniustice, but he was a horrible atheist, and had such an intol- lerable pride, that he brook'd no superiours, and having some witt, tooke the boldnesse to exercise it, in the abuse of all the gentlemen wherever he came.' Sr. Thomas Hutchinson first brought him into creditt and practise in the country, it having pleas'd God to make him instrumental! in the cure of Mr. George Hutchinson, who had in vaine tried the skill of the best doctors in England, for an epi- leptick disease, under which he labour'd some yeares. Upon this occasion Sr. Thomas, and Ijoth his sons, gave him much respect, and this cure gave him reputation, and introduc'd him into practise, in all the gentlemen's houses in the country, which he soone lost againe by his most abusive tongue and other ill carriages, and was even gott out of favour with Sr. Thomas Hutchinson himselfc, for some abusive scoffes given out against his lady: but ]\lr. Hutchinson and his brother, in pitty to him, and in remembrance of what God had done through him, still own'd him, and protected him a little against the bitter zealotts, though it was impossible for his dark- nesse and their light long to continue mix'd. This man had sence enough to approove the parliament's cause, in poynt of civill right, ' It is said of him, in Thoroton's history of Notts, " he was a person eminent in " his profession, of great note for wit and learning, as he had formerly been for poetry, "■ when he printed a book of epigrams:" a species of composition which the more it pleases the reader, the less it renders the author beloved. This inclination to sport with the feelings of others was not at all likely to recommend him to Mr. Hutchinson, nor make him a good associate in weighty and serious business. S 112 and pride enough to desire to breake the bonds of slavery, whereby the king endeavour'd to chaine up a free people, and upon these scores, appearing high for the parliament's interest, he was admitted into the consultations of those who were then putting the country into a posture of defence."" Chadwick was a fellow of a most prag- maticall temper, and, to say truth, had strangely Avrought himselfe into a station unfitt for him. He was at first a boy that scrap'd trenchers in the house of one of the poorest iustices in the county, but yet such a one as had a greate deale of formallity and under- standing of the statute law, from whom this boy pick'd such ends of law, that he became first the iustice's, then a lawyer's, clearke ; then, I know not how, gott to be a parcell-iudge in Ireland, and came over to his owne country swell'd with the reputation of it, and sett on foote a base, obsolete, arbitrary court there, which the ■" Doubtless many adhered to the parliament's side merely on a civil and political account, and these would naturally unite with the independents, as having no inclina- tion to support the pretensions of the presbyterians. It is said by Clarendon that many deists took part with the independents ; and it is not improbable that Dr. Plumptre might have an inclination at least to scepticism, as sarcasm was his talent, and for this by Mrs. Hutchinson, who was a rigorist, he was termed an atheist. After the deaths of Colonel Hutchinson and Dr. Plumptre there began a great friendship between their families, which lasted many generations. Charles, the half brother of Colonel Hutchinson, and his successor in his estate at Owthorpe and in the borough of Nottingham, was guardian of Dr. Plumptre's son, and is represented by Thoroton to have executed^iis trust with great fidelity. The Editor has in his possession several pieces, in verse and prose, written by the late Dr. Charles Hutchinson in favour of the last Mr. Plumptre, who represented the town of Nottingham, and in vindication of him against a party headed by Langford Collin, Esq. a lineal descendant of Colonel Hutchinson's master gunner, who will be spoken of hereafter: they are all in a jocose or satirical style; but one of them, a short advertisement, which too well described Mr. Collin, was deemed libellous, and cost Dr, Hutchinson 500/. which was well repaid by Mr. Plumptre's obtaining for him a king's living of 330/. per ann. At this time Mr. Plumptre and Mr. Hutchinson's families were of the Whig or Hanover party, Mr. Collin of the Tory or Jacobite. 113 Conqueror of old had given to one Peverel, his bastard, which this man enlithng my lord Goring unto, executed the office under him, to the greatc abuse of ihe country. At the beginning of the par- liament, they had prosecuted him for it, but that my lord Goring beg'd of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson to spare him, and j^romis'd to lay it downe for ever: so from die beginning of the parliament he exe- cuted not that office, but having an insinuating witt and tongue, procur'd himselfe to be deputy recorder of Nottingham, my lord of Clare being chiefe. When the king was in towne a little before, this man so insinuated into the court that, comming to kisse the king's hand, the king told him he was a very honest man ; yet by flatteries and dissimulations he kept up his creditt with the godl}', cutting his haire, and taking up a forme of godlinesse, the better to deceive. In some of the corrupt times he had purchas'd the honor of a barrister, though he had neither law nor learning, but he had a voluble tongue, and was crafty; and it is allmost incredible that one of his meanc education and poverty should arrive to such things as he reacht: he was very poore, although he got abundance of mony by a thousand cheates, and other base wayes, wherein he exercis'd all his life, for he was as greate a prodigall in spending as knave in oettino- and amons; other villanies, which he secretly practis'd, was a libidinous goate,-for which his wife, the}' say, pay'd him Avith making him a cuckold; ye tt were there not two persons to be found that pretended more sanctity then he and she, who had a tongue no lesse o-laverino- and false then his. This basencsse he had, that all the iust reproaches in the world could not moove him, but he would fawne upon any man that told him of his villanies to his face, even at the very time. Never was a truer Judas, since Iscariott's time, then he, for he would kisse the man he had in his heart to kill; he naturally delighted in mischiefe and treachery, and was so exquisite a villaine, that he destroy 'd those dcsignes he might have thriven l)y, with overlaying them Avith fresh knaveries. 114 I have bene a little ledious in these descriptions, yet have spoken veryf-little in coK.parison of Avhat the truth would beare; indeed such assistants as these were enough to disgrace the best cause by their owning of it, but the truth of God, being above the testimony of men, could neither receive credit from the good, nor discredit from the worst men: Ijut they were not all such, who first offer'd themselves to carrie on the Lord's worke with him of Avhom wee chiefely treate. There was then dwelling at Nottingham a third Sonne of the Earle of Kingston's, a man of good naturall parts, but not of education according to his quallity, who was in the maine well affected to honest men, and to righteous liberty; a man of a very excellent good nature, and full of love to all men; but that his goodnesse receiv'd a little allay by a vaine-glorious pride, which could not well brooke any other should outstrip him in virtue and estimation." Mr. Francis Thornhagh, the eldest sonne of Sr. Francis Thornhagh, Avas a man of a most upright faithfull heart to God and God's people, and to his countrie's true interest, comprehended in the parliament's cause; a man of greater vallour or more noble daring fought not for them, nor indeed ever drew sword in any cause; he Avas of a most excellent good nature to all men, and zealous for his friend ; he Avanted councell and deliberation, and Avas sometimes too facile to flatterers, but had iudgment enough to dis- cerne his errors Avhen they Avere represented to him, and worth enough not to persist in an iniurious mistake because he had once entertain'd it." Mr. Pigott Avas a very religious, serious, Avise gentle- " Mr. Francis Pierrepont, who will frequently be mentioned again in the course of the storjTj when it will be clearly seen that Mrs. Hutchinson here s^aks with can- dour, or rather favour, of him, though he was her husband's opponent. ° Colonel Thornhagh is often mentioned by other writers, and always with praise in his military capacity, in which only he was known to the public. Mrs. Hutchinson here delineates with a masterly hand a frank, open, unsuspecting, amiable, soldier. The family of Colonel Thornhagh continued to flourish in the county of Nottingham 115 man, truc-lieailed lo (Jod and his country, of a generous and liberal nature, and that thought nothing too deare to expose, nor too difficult to undertake, tor his friend; one that delighted not in the ruin of his neighbours, but could endure it, rather then the de- struction of religion, law, and liberty; one that wanted not courage, yet chose rather to venture hiniselfe as a single person then a leader in armes, and to serve his country in councell then in action; there was no man in his nature, and his whole deportment, shew'd him- selfe more a gentleman then he. '' There Avas one Mr. Widmer- poole, a man of good extraction, but reduc'd to a small fortune, had declin'd all the splendor of an old house, and sunke into the way of the middle men of the country; yet had a perfect honest heart to God, his country, and his friend; he had a good discretion, and though he were elder then all the rest, yet Avas so humble, to be content to come in the reare of them all, having through the declining of his famely, the slendernesse of his estate, and the parsimony of his nature, lesse interest in the so late as the year 1750^ at which time one of them represented the county; they are believed to be now extinct in the male line, and their possessions to have centered in the family of Hewitt of Shireoaks. P Mr. Pigott survived Colonel Hutchinson about five years. He was summoned to parliament by Cromwell, but it is very uncertain whether he condescended to sit or no. Thoroton, in his history of Notts, says of him that " he was a person of grcaf " parts, natural and acquired : he was sheriff of the county in 1669, and died presently " after the summer assizes; at wfiich time being in mourning for his daughter Marj', " wife of Robert, eldest son of Sir Francis Burdett, of Formark, he gave his attendants " black liveries with silver trimmings, which served for his own funeral. His sobriety, " ingenuity, generosity, piety, and other virtues, few of his rank will ever exceed, if " any equall." It is thought necessary to take more particular notice of what may appertain to L'eton, Colonel Thornhagh, and Mr. I'igott, because they are the three persons who enjoyed the greatest share in the friendship and esteem of Colonel Hutchinson, and made him a due return. 11(3 country."' To yoakc with him, there was a very honest man, who could not be reckon'd among the gentry, though he wci'c call'd by the name of Mr. Lomax, he was in the strength and perfection of his age, a stout and an miderstanding man, plain and bhmt, but withall godly, failhfull to his country, and honest to all men. There liv'd att Nottingham, a man call'd Mr. Salusbury, who hacj very good abillilies widi his pen, upon which he was taken in, to be their secretary, but he proov'd ambitious and froward, and being poore, when he was after made treasurer, fell into some temptation; but he carried at first a faire colour of religion and honest3^ These were they, whom Mr. Hutchinson was first mated with, whose cha- racters it Avas necessary thus farre to hint at, for the better carrying on of his story. Sr. John Digby having notice that they had prevented him, by getting armes in their hands before, came not to Nottingham, where now they had taken up the sword, it was not safe to lay it downe againe, and hold a naked throatc to their cnemie's whetted knifes. Wherefore, upon the parliament's commission, for settling the militia, sometime before, there having bene three collonells no- minated ; viz. Sr. Francis Thornhagh, Sr. Francis IMolineiix, and Mr. Francis Pierrepont ; they propounded to them, to raise their re- giments. Sr. Francis Molineux altogether dcclin'd, Sr. Francis Thornhagh appoynted his sonnc for his lieftcnant collonell, and he began to rayse a regiment of horse, with whom many of the honest men, that first listed themselves with Mr. George Hutchinson, be- came troopers. Mr. John Hutchinson and his brother were per- suaded to be lieftenant collonell and maior, to Collonell Pierrepont's regiment of foote ; and accordingly Mr. George Hutchinson had "i The pedigree of the family of Widmerpoolc in Thoroton, shews him to have been of very ancient and good descent, his ancestor represented the town of Notting- ham in the reign of Edward the Third. 117 inmicdiatcly a very good standing companie of foole, formed out of those lownesmen, who first came in to list under him. Mr. John Hutchinson had a full companie of very honest godly men, who came for love of him and the cause, out of the country. It Avas six weekes before the collouell would be perswaded to put on a sword, or to list any men, which at length he did, of substantiall honest townsmen, and Mr. Poulton, a nephew of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson, a stout 3'oung gentleman, who liad scene some service abroad, -was his captaine-lieftenant : there were two companies more rays'd, one under Captaine Lomax, and another under one Captaine Scrimp- shire. The first thing these gendemen did, was to call Captaine White with his dragoones, raj^s'd in Nottinghamshire, home to the service of his owne country, for Sr. John Gell, at Derby, had re- ceiv'd from Hull a regiment of grey coates, who were at first sent downe from Loudon, for the assistaace of that place, when the king attempted it. They alsoe sent to the Earle of Essex, to desire that Captaine Ireton, with a troope of horse, which he had carried out of the country, into his excellencies army, might be commanded back, for the present service of his country, 'till it were put into a posture of defence, which accordingl}^ he was, and was maior of the horse regiment. They sent alsoe to the parliament, and receiv'd from them a commission, with instructions, whereby they were im- power'd to leavie forces and to rayse contributions, for the main- taining them, with all authority of seizing delinquents, sequestring, and the like. The conmiittee appoynted were the parliament men that serv'd for the county, Mr. Francis Pierrepont, INIr. John Hutch- inson, Mr. Francis Thornhagh, Mr. Gervas Pigott, Mr. Henry Ireton, Mr. George Hutchinson, Mr. Joseph Widmerpoole, Mr. Gervas Lomax, Dr. Plumtre, the maior of Nottingham, Mr. James Chad wick, and Mr. Thomas Salusbury. Then did neighbouring counties every where associate, for the mutuall assistance of each other ; and the parliament commissionated maior-gencralls, to com- 118 mand in cliiefc, and give out commissions, to the seveiall com- manders of the regiments. Nottinghamshire was put into the asso- ciation with Leicestershire and other counties, whereof Lord Grey of Grooby, eldest sonne to the Earle of Stamford, was commander in chiefe, and from liim the gentlemen of Nottingham tooke their first commissions. The high sheriffe and llie mallignant gentry, finding an oppo- sition they expected not, Avritt a letter to Mr. Francis Pierrepont, and Mr. John Hutchinson, excusing the sheriife's force, that he brought with him, and desiring a meeting with them, to consult for the peace of the country, security of their estates, and such like faire pretences ; which letter was civilly answer'd them againe, and the treaty kept on foote some fourteen dayes, by letters sign'd by the Lord Cliaworth, Sr. Thomas Williamson, Mr. Sutton, Sr. Gervas Eyre, Sr. John Digbie, Sr. Roger Cooper, Mr. Palmer, Mr. John Millinglon : at length a meeting was appoynted, att a village in the country, on the forrest side, where Mr. Sutton should have mett Mr. John Hutchinson. Mr, Hutchinson came to the place, but found not Mr. Sutton there, only the Lord Chaworth came in and call'd for sack, and treated Mr. Hutchinson very kindly ; when Mr. Hutchinson, telling my lord he was come according to appoynt- ment, to conclude the treaty which had bene, betweene Nottinghaip and Newark, my lord told him, he knew nothing of it ; whereupon, Mr. Hutchinson being inform'd, that some of my Lord Newcastle's forces were to be in that towne that night, and that Mr. Sutton was gone to meete them, and conduct them into the country, return'd to Nottinoham, where he receiv'd a kind of lame excuse, from Mr. Sutton for his disappoynting of him, and for their bringing in strange souldiers in to Newark, which they pretended was to save the towne from the plunder of some Lincolneshire forces: but Mr. Hutch- inson, seeing all their treaties were but a snare for him, would no longer amuse himselfe about them ; but being certainly inform'd, 119 that Henderson who commanded the souldiers at Newark, if he were not hiraselt'e a papist, had many Irish papists in his troopes, he, with the rest of the gentlemen, sent notice, to all the townes about Nottingham, desiring the well-affected to come in to their assistance, which the ministers pressing them to, upon Christmasse day 1642, many came in to them, and stay'd Avith them, 'till they had put themselves in some posture of defence. Assoone as these strange souldiers were come into NcAvark, they presently began to block up and fortifie that towne, as on the other side, they att Nottingham began workes about that towne, but neither of them being yet strong enough to assault each other, con- tented themselves to stand upon their owne defence. The Earle of Chesterfield had rays'd some horse for the king, and Avas in the vale of Belvoir Avilh them, where he had plunder'd some houses neere Mr. Hutchinson's; Avhereupon Mr. Hutchinson sent a troope of horse in the night, for they were not strong enough to march in the day, and fetcht away his wife and children to Nottingham. The preservation of this towne was a speciall service to the par- liament, being a considerable passe into the north, Avhich, if the enemie had first possest themselves of, the parliament had bene cut of of all intercourse betweene the north and south, especially in the Avinter time, Avhen the river Trent is not fordable, and only to be pass'd over by the bridges of Nottingham and NcAvark, and up higher at a place call'd Wildcn Ferry, Avhere the enemie alsoe had a gaiTison.' The attempting to preserve this place, in the middst of so many potent enemies, Avas a Avorke of no small difficulty, and no- thing but an invincible courage, and a passionate zeale for the ' In the place of Wilden Ferry has been substituted in modern days a vciv' beauti- ful bridge, called Cavendish Bridge, with a good and firm road of considerublo length at each end to approach it: it is about midway on the high road between Lougli- borough and Derby. There is near to it a place called Sawley Ferry, little used, and hardly at all practicable in winter. T 120 interest of God and his couniry, could have engag'd Mr.' Hutch- inson, who did not, through youlhfull inconsideration and impro- vidence, want a foresight of those dangers and travailes he then undertook : he knewe Avell enough that the towne was more then halfe disaffected to the parhament, that had they bene all otherwise, they were not halfe enough to defend it against any unequall force, that they Avere farre from the parliament and their armies, and could not expect any timely reliefe or assistance from them, that he him- selfe was the forlorne hope of those who Avere engag'd Avith him, and had then the best stake among them ; that the gentlemen Avho Avere on horseback, Avhen they could no longer defend their country, might at least save their lives, by a handsome retreate to the armie ; but he must stand victorious, or fall, tying himselfe to an inde- fensible tOAvne. Althouo;h his collonell might seeme to be in the same hazard, yet he Avas Avise enough to content himselfe Avilh the name, and leave Mr, Hutchinson to act all things, the glory of which, if they succeeded, he hoped to assume ; if they fail'd, he thought he had a retreate : but Mr. Hutchinson, though he knew all this, yett Avas he so Avell perswaded in his conscience, of the cause, and of God's calling him to undertake the defence of it, that he cast by all other considerations, and cheerefully resign'd up his life, and all other particular interests, to God's dispose, though in all humane probability, he Avas more like to loose then to save them. He and his brother AVere so suddenly call'd in to this worke, that they had not time beforehand to consult their father; but they sent to him lo buy their armour and usefull swords, Avhich he did, giving them no discouragement, but promoting all their desires, to the parliament very effectually.' ' The reader is desired to bear this in mind, as it tends much to invalidate the cre- dibihty of an assertion made by the stepmother of these gentlemen, which will b le 121 By reason of the coldiiessc of the collonell, ihe affaires of the warre at Nottingham went more tardily on tlien elce they would have done ; but the gentlemen there, thinking it Avould be easier to prevent Newark, from being made a fortitied garrison, then to take it when it was so, sent over to Lineohie and Derby, to propound the business to them. At length it was, about Candlemas, agreed and appoynted that the forces of Nottingham and Derby should come on their side of the towne, and those of Lincolne on the other. All the disaffected gentry of both those counties, were, at that time, gone into NcwarJ\, and one Ballard, a gentleman, who, decay'd in his famely, and owing his education to many of them, had bene bred up in the warres abroad, was commander in chiefe for the par- liament in Lincolneshire. Much ado had the gentlemen of that county to engage him in the designe against Newark; but when he could not divert them, he was resolv'd to cast them away, rather then ruine his old benefactors. He had appoynted the forces of Nottingham and Derby to come to a rendevouz within a mile of Newark upon Saturday, upon which day, all the perswasions the Lincolnshire gentlemen could use, could not prevaile with him to march out, according to appoyntment; which those at NcAvark had notice of, and had prepared an ambuscade to have cutt of all those forces if they had then come to the place ; but by providence of an extraordinary stormie season, they marcht not 'till the next day, and so were preserv'd from that danger, which no doubt was treacherously contriv'd. Assoone as they came, who were about a thousand horse, foote, and dragoones, the Lincolneshire com- manders inform'd our's of the slowth and untoward carriage of Bal- noticed in its proper place.- It is said, in a note by Julius Hutchinson, Esq. that Sir Thomas Hutchinson bought his two sons armour, tliough he knew not of their ac- cepting commissions against the king. What was the armour for? Was it to serve the king against the parliament.-' 122 luid, and told tlicni Iioav that day, he had play'd his ordinance, at a mile's distance from the tOAvne, and how, when the Newark horse came out to face them, upon the Beacon Hill, he would not sutler a man of the Lincolneshire troopes to fall upon them, though the Lincolne horse were many more in number then they, and in all probabillity might have beaten them. The next day, notwithstand- ing Mr. Hutchinson went to him, to give him an account of the forces they had brought, and to receive orders, he could have none, but a carelesse answer to stand at such a side of the towne and fall on as they saw occasion. Accordingly they did, and beate the encmie from their workes, with the losse of only four or five men, and entrencht themselves ; when the night comming on upon them, they provided straw to have lodg'd in their trenches, all the night. On the other side of the towne, Captaine King of Lincolneshire had taken a streete, cut up a chaine, and placed a drake ' in a house ; whereupon the Newark gentlemen were allniost resolv'd to yield up the towne, and some of them began to flie out of it, but Ballard would not suifer the horse to persue them, only one captaine went out without his leave and tooke fifty hoises, and turn d back Mr. Sutton and many others that Avere flying out of the towne. At length, when he could no otherway preserve his olde patrons, but by betraying his friends, he order'd Capt. King to retreate ; whereupon the whole force of Newark fell upon the forces of Nottingham and Derby, in their trenches, Avhere they fought very resolutely, 'till a Lincolneshire trooper came and bade them flie for their lives, for elce they were all lost men. At this two hinidred Ijincolneshire men, whom Ballard with much entreaty had sent to relieve them, first ran away, and then Sr. John Gell's grey coates made their retreate after them ; Maior Hutchinson and Capt. White, all this while, kept their trenches, and commanded their Nottingham men ' Drake, a piece of cannon so called. 123 not to stirre, who accordingly shott there, till all their ponder was spent. The lief'tenant-collonell in ^•aine importun'd Ballard to send them ammunition and reliefe, but could obteine neither, and so they were forc'd, unwillingly, to retreate, which they did in so good order, the men first and then their captaines, that they lost not a man in comming of. The towne was sallying upon them, but they discharged a drake and beate them back. The next day all the Captaines importun'd Ballard they might fall on againe, but he Avould neither consent nor give any reason of his dcniall, so that the Noltingham forces returned with greate dissatisfaction, though Bal- lard, to stop their mouths, gave them two pieces of ordnance. It being necessary to carrie on the mainc story, for the better un- derstanding the motion of those lesser wheeles that moov'd within the greate orbe, I shall but name in what posture things Avere abroad in the kingdome, while these afiiiires I relate were transacted at Nottingham. After the retreate from Brainford fight, a treaty Avas ineffectually carried on betweene the king and parliament from the 31st of January 1642, to the 17th of Aprill l643, after which my Lord of Essex marched to Reading, where the king had a gar- rison and besieg'd it. The king's horse came to relieve it, and had an encounter with my lord's armie, wherein many gentlemen of quallity fell on the king's side, the king himsclfe being in a place where he saw them. In a few dayes after Reading was yeilded upon composition to the Earle of Essex, whose souldiers having bene promis'd their pay and a gratuity to spare the j^lunder of the towne, fell into a mutiny upon the failing of the performance, and many of them disbanded. Among those Avho rcmain'd there was a greate mortallily, occasioned by the infected ayre in the towne of Reading ; in so nuich that my lord Avas forc'd to returne and quarter his sick and Aveake armie about Kingston and those townes neere London. And now Avere all the countryes in England noe longer idle spectators, but severall stages, whereon the tragedie of the civill 124 warre was acted, except the easterne association, where Mr. OHver Cromwell, by his dilhgence, prevented the designes of the royall party, which were so successtull the first yeare in all other places, that the parliament's condition appear'd so desperate, as many of their members, of both houses, ran away to Oxford to the king, and others sate among them conspiring against them. One plott, conducted by Mr. Waller, and carried on among many disaffected persons, in the citie, was neere taking effect, to the utter subversion of the parliament and people ; but that God, by his providence, brought it timely to light, and the authors were condemn'd, and some of them executed ; but Waller, for being more a knave then the rest, and peaching his complices, was permitted to buy his life for ten thousand pounds. This summer all the west was reduc'd by the king, the Earle of Stamford yielding up Exeter, and Collonell Fiennes BristoU. Sr. William Waller had lost all his armie, which had bene victorious in many encounters. The king was master of all or most part of Wales, and the parliament had no armie left in the field, soe that had he taken the opportunity to have gone im- mediately to London, that summer, he had accomplisht his designe: but being denied the towne of Glocester, and taking it in disdaine, that that towne, in the heart of the land, should make a resistance when the greater cities Avere yielded to him, he stopp'd his course to take in that place, Avhere he stay'd to turne the tide of his good fortune, as his generall my Lord of Newcastle did, at the siege of Hull." My Lord Newcastle was generall of the north, and master " The impolicy of this measure is more fully noticed and explained, and the cause of it set down by Sir Philip Warwick, in his Memoirs, p. 260. " One or the like councell " in both quarters, north and west, soon blasted the prosperity in each place, for the " king pitcht upon that fatall resolution, recommended to him by Lord Culpeper, of " besieging Glocester, thinking it a good policy not to leave a strong towne behind " liim: but the councell proved fatall, for had the king at that time resolv'd in himself " to have struck at the proud head of London, and had had authority enough at that 125 of all the strong places, to the very borders of Scotland, and for- midable to all the neighbouring counties. Only the Lord Fairfax, with his Sonne Sr. Thomas, headed all the relio;ious, honest Enohsh- men, they could rayse, in those parts, and Avilh a far inferior force, kept him in play, and in severall skii mishcs came of " conquerors. But as the fortune of the parliament declined, in odier places, so those who had not principles strong enough to hold them fast to a iust, though falling cause, sought early to secure their lives by trea- sons, which destroy 'd them. The Earle of Newcastle's armie was iudg'd to be about eight thousand, horse and foote, my Lord Fair- fax had not above two thousand one hundred foote, and seven troopes of horse. After this there was a greate accession of strength to my Lord Newcastle, by the coming, first of the Lord Goring, with many old commanders ; then of Generall King, with six thou- sand arms, from beyond the seas ; then of the queene herselfe, who, in February 1642, landed neere Sunderland, commmg out of Hol- land, with large provisions of arms, ammunition, and commanders "time to have required the Earl of Newcastle to have joined with him; humanely •' speaking, he had raised such contusion among the two houses and the Londoners, " that they had either sent him his own terraes, or if they had fought him most probably " he had been victorious. But the king fixes on Glocester and the Earl of Newcastle " on Hullj upon the advice of his Lieut. General King, who was suspected." A few pages further he reckons among the king's misfortunes the Earl of New- castle's too much afTecting independency, which may serve to account for some other matters which will occur ; but it is here natural to observe, that the king having, by separating himself from his parliament, lost his ackowledged and unquestionable au- thority, he retai-ned only a very precarious one over the different chiefs of his party : which, on many occasions, turned to the disadvantage of his cause. After all, it is noway certain that his march to London would have been so effectual and so little op- posed, as it is here taken for granted it would have been. " In fact, the resistance so long maintained, and frequently with such success, by Lord Fairfax and his sons against so superior a force, has been always thought next to miraculous, and marked out SirThomas as the fittest man in the kingdom to command the forces and fix the fortunes of the parliament. 12() of note, with wliicli she was convoy'd, by the Earle of Newcastle, to Yorke, and thither came to her the Earle of Montrossc, out of Scotland, ^y\[h a hundred and twenty horse: then Sr. Hugh Cholnily, governor of Scarborough, revolted from the parliament, whereof he was a member, and came to the queene, with three hundred men. Browne Bushell alsoe, who was left in charge with the towne, yielded it up. Then had the queene's practises wrought so upon the two Hothams, that their treason was not all together undis- cerned ; but my Lord Fairfax, having only strong presumptions, and no power to secure them, while they had the' strong tOAvne of Hull in their hands, it was all he could doe to be vigilant and silent, till God should give opcrtunity to secure that great danger. My Lord of Newcastle had given the papists in the north commissions to arme in the king's defence,'' and now the queene was preparing to march up, with the assistance she had gotten to the king. Those countries through which she was to passe, could not but be sensible of their danger, especially the gentlemen at Nottingham, Avho were but a few young men, environn'd with garrisons of the enemie, and scarcely firme among themselves, and hopelesse of reliefe from above, where the parliament, strugling for life, had not leii^ure to bind up a cutt-finger. But God was with them in these difficulties, and gave an unexpected issue. The Earle of Kingston a few months stood neuter, and would not declare himselfe of either party, and being a man of greate wealth and dependancies, many people hung in suspence, by his example; whereupon the gentlemen of Nottingham often spoke to y The king pretended never to do this himself; but the Earl of Newcastle did it, as most people would in his place, and avowed it as became him. Sir Philip Warwick recites a witticism of his on the occasion of his going to see him at the siege of Hull, where liis men being very badly entrenched, he said to Sir l^hilip, who remarked it, " You hear us often called the Popish Army, but you see we trust not in our good " works." 127 his Sonne, to perswade his father to declare himselfe; but he told them, he knew his father's atfections were firme to the parliament, that he had encourag'd him to ioin with them, and promis'd him money to carrie it on, and such like things, which he continually assur'd them, till the collonell's cold behaviour, and some other passages, made them at length, those at least who were firme to the cause, iealous both of the father and the sonne. Hereupon when the danger grcAv more eminent, and my lord lay out a brave prey to the enemie, they sent Captaine Lomax, one of the committee, to understand his aft'ections from himselfe, and to presse him to de- clare for the parliament, in that so needfull season. My lord pro- fessing himselfe to him rather desirous of peace, and fully resolv'd not to act on either side, made a serious imprecation on himselfe in these words: " When," said he, " I take amies with the king against " the parliament, or with the parliament against the king, let a " cannon bullet devide me betweene them;" which God was pleased to bring to passe a few months after: for he going into Gainsbo- rough, and there taking up armes for the king, was surpriz'd by my lord Willoughby, and, after a handsome defence of himselfe, yielded, and was put prisoner into a pinnace, and sent downe the river to Hull, when my lord Newcastle's armie marching allong the shore, shot at the pinnace, and being in danger, the Earle of King- ston went up upon the decks to shew himselfe, and to prevaile with them to forbearc shooting,^ but assoone as he appear'd a cannon bullett flew from the king's armie and devided him in the middle, being then in the parliament's pinnace, Avho perished according to his owne unhappie imprecation. His declaring himselfe for the king, as it enforced the royall, so it weak'ned the other party. ^ This is a most singular story, and no doubt peculiarly gratifying to a fatalist to recite; it is however assuredly true, being mentioned by several historians, witii only the difference of his being said to be under, instead of on, the deck ; the latter of which is far the most probable. U us St. Richard Biion was come to be governor of Newark. A house of my lord Chaworlh's in the vale was fortified, and some horse putt into it, and another house of the Earle of Chesterfield's, both of them within a i'cw miles of Nottingham.' Ashby de la Zouch, within eight miles of Nottingham, on the other side, was kept by Mr. Hastings. On the forrest side of the country, the Earle of New- castle's house Imd a garrison in it, and another castle of his, within a mile, was garrison'd. Sr. Roger Cooper's house, at Thurgaton, was alsoe kept; so that Nottingham, thus beleaguer'd with enemies, seem'd very unlikely to be able either to resist the enemie or sup- port itselfe.'' Therefore the gentlemen, upon the newes of my lord Newcastle's intended approach that way, sent up Mr. John Hutch- inson to acquaint the parliament with their condition, who so ne- gotiated their businesse that he procur'd an order for Coll. Cromwell, Coll. Hubbard, my lord Grey, and Sr. John Gell, to unite their forces, and rendevouz at Nottingham, to prevent the queene from joining with the king, and to guard those parts against the cavaliers. Accordingl}^ in the Whitsun holidays 1643, they all came, and the younger Hotham alsoe brought some more rude troopes out of York- shire, and ioin'd himsell'e to them. The forces now united at Notting- ham Avere about five or six thousand, my loi-d Grey being their commander in chiefe. Upon the urgency of the gentlemen at Not- tingham, he drew them out against Wiverton-house in the vale, but upon a groundlesse apprehension quitted it, Avhcn they might in all probabilliiy have taken it, and retreated to Nottingham, where, two or three days after, the enemie's horse faced them, but they would not be prevailed with to goe out, though they were not inferior to them. Young Hotham, at that time, earned on a private treaty * Wiverton-house and Shelfoid manor. '' Tn a letter to the king, the queen writes from Newark that " all the force tlic " parliament had in tliose parts was only one thousand men in Nottingham." 129 with the queene, and every day receiv'd and sent irumpetts, of which he would give no account. Then Avas Nottingham more sadly distrest by their friends then by their enemies; for Hotham's and Cell's men not only lay upon free quarter, as all the rest did, but made such havock and plunder of friend and foe, that 'twas a sad thing for any one that had a generous heart to behold it. When the committee offered Hotham to assigne him quarters for his men, because they were better acquainted with the country, he would tell them he was no stranger in any English ground. He had a greate deale of wicked witt, and would make sport with the miseries of the poore country, and, having treason in his heart, licens'd his souldiers, Avhicli were the scumme of mankind, to all villanies in the country that might make their partie odious. Mr. Hutchinson was much vext to see the country wasted, and that little part of it, which they could only hope to have contribution from, eaten up by a company of men Avho, insteed of relieving them, devour'd them, and Hotham's souldici's, having taken away goods from some honest men, he went to him to desire restitution of them, and that he Avould restreine his souldiers from plunder; whereupon Hotham replied, " he fought for liberty, and expected it in all things." Replies fol- low'd, and they grew to high language; Hotham bidding him, if he found himselfe griev'd, to complaine to the parliament. Mr. Hutch- inson was passionately concern'd, and this being in the open field, Coll. Cromwell, who had likewise had greate provocations from him, beo;an to shew himselfe affected Avith the countrie's iniuries, and the idle Avast of such a considerable force, through the unexperience of the chiefe commander, and the disobedience and irregularities of the others; so they, at that time, being equally zealous for the pub- lick service, advis'd together to seeke a remedie, and dispatcht aAvay a post to London, Avho had no greater ioy in the Avorld then such employments as tended to the displacing of greate persons, Avhether they deserv'd it or not; him they sent away immediately from the 130 place, to informe the parliament of Hotham's carriages, and the strong presumptions they had of his treachery, and the ill manage- ment of their forces. This they two did, without the privity of any of the other gentlemen or commanders, some of which were little lesse suspected themselves, and others, as my lord Grey, through credulous good nature, too greate a favourer of Hotham. The mes- senger was verv dillig-ent in his charoe, and return'd assoone as it was possible with a committment of Hotham, who accordingly was tlien made prisoner in Nottingham-castle, and Sr. John Meldrum Avas sent downe to be connnander in chiefe of all those united forces. When they marcht away, a troope of my lord Grey's having the charge of guarding Hotham, towards London, suifer'd him to escape, and thereby putt the towne of Hull into a greate hazard; but that the father and sonne were there unexpectedly surprizd, sent up prisoners to London, and after some time executed. Those who knew the opinion Cromwell after had of Mr. Hutchinson, be- liev'd he registred this businesse in his mind as long as he liv'd, and made it his care to prevent him from being in any power or capacity to pursue him to the same punishment, when he deserv'd it; but from that time, growing into more intimate acquaintance with him, he allwayes us'd to professe the most hearty affections to him, and the greatest delight in his plainnesse and open-heartednesse that was imaginable." ■= Those who consider and represent Cromwell as a prodigy not only of treachery, design, ambition, and artifice, but likewise of sagacity and foreknowledge, will deem this a proof of his having thus early conceived his scheme of aggrandizement; but to those who are better satisfied with the probable than the marvellous it will seem to prove no such thing; they must well know that if he had so soon any great views, they must have been very distant and indistinct; they will find here only the first of a long series of instances, wherein will be seen the quick and clear discernmeni, the strong and well-poised jiulgment, the promptitude and firmness of decision, which enabled him to seize and convert to his advantage every opportunity that presented itself, and even the actions^ thoughts, and inclinations, of other men; and they will 131 Assoone as Sr. John Meldrum came downe to liis charge at Nottingham the qucene's forces came and faced the towne, where- upon the cannon discharging upon them, the Duke of Vendosme's Sonne and some few others were slaine. The parhament horse drew out of Nottingham to receive the queene's, but they came not on, after tliis execution of the cannon, for in the meane time the queene Avas passing by, and although the parhament horse pursued them, yet would not they engage, for it was not their businesse; so when they saw they had lost their designe, the horse return'd againe to Nottingham, where the foote had stay'd all the Avhile they Avere out. When the Earle of Kinoston declar'd himselfe for the king he rays'd Avhat forces he could and went into Gainsborough, a towne in Lincolneshire, scituate upon the river of Trent. There, before he was fortified, my lord Willoughby, of Parham, surpriz'd the towne and all his souldiers, Avho disputed it as long as they could, but being conquer'd, Averc forc'd to yield, and the earle himselfe retreated into the strongest house, Avhich he kept till it was all on flame round him, and then giving himselfe up only to my lord Willoughby, he Avas immcdialely sent prisoner to Hull, and shott see united to these such a command over his own thoughts and passions as permitted exactly so much, and no more of them than was convenient, to appear: these qua- lities, though less astonishing than the prescience and almost the power of creating events, which is attributed to him, would and did equally well answer the purpose of his progression ; which he effected in such a manner as to fill with the greatest pro- priety all the intermediate situations through which he passed, to take as it were a firm footing at each gradation, and to arrive at the pinnacle of power without having once xun any considerable risk of an overthrow in his career. Such rational observers, will likewise see here, what will in the sequel still more strikingly appear, that if he must be called a traitor, he was not of that paltry treachery which sacrifices a man's party to self; he was steadily bent on procuring the triumph of his own party over their opiiouciits, but too covetous of commanding his party himself. It may be thought there wanted but little, perhaps only the survivance of Ireton, to have made Cromwell intrinsically as well as splendidly great. 132 according to his owne imprecation. Immediately pari of my lord Newcastle's armie, with all that Newark could make, besieg'd my lord Willoughby in Gainsborough, and Generall Essex sent a com- mand to Sr. John Meldrum to drawe all the horse and foote he could out of Nottingham, to relieve ray lord, leaving only a garrison in the casile of Nottingham. Sr. John Meldrum call'd the committee of Nottingham together, to consult Avhat was to be done for the settlement of the place, which upon deliberation he had iudg'd not fitt to leave in the hands it was, nor in Coll. Pierrepont's, who, with some ' apparence, lay under suspition at that time; and therefore conceivino- Mr. Hutchinson the most able to manaoe, and the most responsible for it, both Sr. John and the whole committee order'd him to take the castle into his charge, which, though there were many causes why he should decline, yet believing that God hereby call'd him to the defence of his country, and Avould protect him in all the dangers and dithculties he led him into, he accepted it, and the 29 of June, l643, receiv'd an order for that government from Sr. John Meldrum and the whole committee; whereunto Collonell Pierrepont subscrib'd, tliough Avith a secret discontent in his heart, not for any ill opinion or ill affection he had to Mr. Hutchinson's person, but for that he resented it as a greate affront that himselfe was past by. It is true that this discontent produc'd some envious and malitious practises, secretly in him, against Mr. Hutchinson, who in the end overcame him, with so many good offices, in re- quitall of his bad ones, that he lived and died full of love, and acknowledoment of kindnesse to him. The castle was built upon a rock, and nature had made it ca- pable of very strong fortification, but the buildings Avere very ruinous and unhabitable, neither affording roome to lodge souldiers nor provisions. The castle stands at one end of the toAvne upon such an eminence as connnands the chiefe streetes of the toAvne. There had bene enlargements made to this castle after the first building \ \: 133 of it/ There was a strong tower, which they call'cl the old tower, built upon the top of" all the rock, and this was that place where Queene Isabell, the mother of King Edward the Third, was sur- priz'd with her paramour Mortimer, who by secret windings and holloAvs in the rock came up into her chamber from the meadows lying low under it, through which there ranne a litlle rivolelt, call'd the Line, almost under the castle rock. At the entrance of this rock there was a spring, Avhich was call'd Mortimer's Well, and the caverne Mortimer's Hole: the ascent to the top is very high, and not without some wonder at the top of all the rock there is a spring of Avater; in the -midway to the top of this tOAver there is a little piece of the rock, on Avhich a do\'e-coate had bene built, but the governor tooke doAvne the roofe of it, and made it a plat- foniie for two or three pieces of ordinance, Avhich commanded some streetes and all the meadowes better then the higher tOAver; under that toAver, Avhich Avas the old castle, there Avas a larger castle, Avhere there had bene severall tOAvers and many noble roomes, but the most of them Avere downe ; the yard of that Avas pretty large, and Avithout the gate there Avas a very large yard that had bene Avall'd, but the Avails Avere all doAvne, only it was scituated upon an ascent of the rock, and so stood a pretty heighth above the streetes; and there Avas the ruins of an old paire of gates, Avith turrets on each side. Before the castle, the towne Avas on one side of a close, Avhich commanded the fields approaching the tOAAme; which close the go- vernor afterAvards made a platforme ; behind it Avas a place call'd the Park, that belong'd to the castle, but then had neither tleere nor trees in it, except one, growing under the castle, Avhich was almost '' Though this description be a good and a just one, it may nevertheless be accept- able to many readers to see a perspective view of the castle and towrvof Nottingham, which will enable them to judge of the strength and importance of the latter. 134 a prodigee, for from the root to the top, there was not one streight twig or branch of it ; some say'd it Avas planted by King Richard the Third, and resembled him that sett it. On the other side the castle, was the little river of Line, and beyond that, large flatt mea- dowes, bounded by the river of Trent. In the whole rock there were many large caverns, Avhere a greate magazine and many hundred souldiers might have bene dispos'd, if they had bene cleans'd and prepar'd for it, and might have bene kept secure from any danger of hring the magazines by any moiter-pieces shott against the castle. In one of these places, it is reported, that one David, a Scotch king, was kept in cruell durance, and with his nayles, had scratcht on the wall the story of Christ and his twelve apostles. The castle Avas not flanker'd, and there was no workes about it, when Mr. Hutchinson undertooke it, but only a little brestworke, before the outmost gate. It Avas as ill provided, as fortified, there being but ten barrclls of ponder, eleven hundred and fifty pounds of butter, and as much cheese, eleven quarter of bread corne, seven beeves, two hundred and fourteen flitches of bacon, five hundred and sixty fishes, and fifteen hogsheads of beere. Assoone as the governor receiv'd his charge, he made proclamation in the towne, that Avhat- soever honest persons desir'd to secure themselves or their goods in the castle, should have reception there, if they would repaire their quarters, Avhich divers Avell aftccted men accepting, it was presently made capable of receiving 400 men commodiously. In the beginning of July l643, Sr. John Meldrum, Avith all the force that quarter'd in Nottingham, marcht forth to the reliefe of Gainsborough, leaving the tOAvne to be guarded by few more then the very townsmen. There had bene large workes made about it, Avhich would have rcquir'd at least three thousand men to man them and defend them well, and upon these Avorkes there Avere about fourteen gunns, Avhich the governor, Avhen the forces Avere marching aAvay, before they Avent, drew up to the castle, Avhereupon the If* ^ OD townsmen, especially those that were ill-affected to the parliament, made a greate mutiny, threat'ning they Avould pull the castle doA\ ne, but they would have their ordinance againe, upon their workes, and wishing it on fire and not one stone upon another. Hereupon the governor sent Alderman Drury, with 14 more, that were heads ot" this mutiny, prisoners to Derby, Avhither Maior Ireton convoy'd them with his troope. The reasons which made the governor carry the ordinance from the towneworkes up into the castle were, 1st. that, the towne, being so ill affected, the ordinance remaining in it, would but be an invitation to the enemie, to come to take them away, and a booty for them if they should. 2dly. He had often visited the guards, and found them expos'd much by their carelesse- nesse, Avherefore he thought it his duty to preserve them, by soul- diers more under his command, odly. Intelligence was brought to the committee, by a friend, then with the Earle of Newcastle, that Mr. Francis PieiTcpont kept intelligence with his mother the Coun- tesse of Kingston, carrying on a designe for betraying of the towne to the earle, and that letters were carried betweene them by a woman, who often came to towne to the collonell, and that two aldermen and a chiefe oflScer, employ 'd about the ordinance, were confederates in the plott, whereupon a suspected cannoneer was secur'd, M'ho, assoone as he obtain'd his liberty, ranne away to Newark. 4thly, When the towne was full of troopes, there had bene severall attempts to poyson and bctrey them, which if it should againe be attempted, after the most of the forces were gone, might prove effectuall. othly, The maine reason was, that if the towne should be surpriz'd or betrey'd, (which -was then most to be fear'd), the ordinance would be uselesse ; if any considerable force came against the towne, it was impossible then to keepe the workes against them, with so few men, and it would be difficult, at such a time, to drawe of the artillery; if any force they were able to deale with X 136 came, it would then be time enough, after the alarum was given, to draw them to the workes, unlesse they were surpriz'd. It was not only the towne mallignants, that murmur'd at the drawing up of the ordinance, but Dr. Plumlre, hearing that the forces were to march away, Avas raging att it, whereupon being answer'd, that it was for the more publick interest of the cause, in greate passion he replied, " What is the cause to me if my goods be " lost ?" The governor told him, he might jirevent that hazard and secure them in the castle. He replied, " It pittied him to soyle " them, and he liad rather the enemie had them, then they should " be spoyl'd in remooving." While this was boyling upon his spiritt, he mett the governor, with some other gentlemen, in the streete, and began to rayle at him for countenancing the godly townsmen, whom he call'd a company of puritanicall prick-ear'd rascalls, and say'd, the worst of the mallignants, the governor had sent out of the towne, were honester men then the best of those he favour'd, and in spight of his teeth he would have three of the most eminent of ihem, turn'd out of the castle : the governor telling him, he would maintaine them as the most faithfull friends to the cause, Plumlre replied he was as honest to the cause as the governor. " No," say'd the governor (who was not ignorant of his atheism), " that you cannot be, for you goe not upon the same principles," The doctor told him, it was false, with such uncivill insolence, that the oovernor struck him, at which he departed quietly home ; and and after two or three dayes, relir'd with his Avife and children to the house of Mr. Parkyns of Bunney, who Avas at that time in arms against the parliament, where he stay'd till ihc parliament forces were routed, and Nottingham castle sumraon'd and preparing for a siege, and then he sent a ridiculous challenge to the governor, Avith all the foolish circumstances imaginable, Avhich the governor, at that present, only answer'd Avith contempt : the pretence he made. 137 was a distressc, wherein the committee had employ 'd some of the governor's souldiers, for the leavying of an assessment, which his brother would not pay, and this distresse he call'd the governor's affront to his famely. Though these passages may seeme too imper- tinent here, yet they having bene grounds and beginnings of iniu- rious prosecutions, whercAvith the governor was after much exercis'd, it was not altogether unnecessary to insert them, since even these little things, were linkes in the chaine of providences which measur'd out his life/ All the horse that had bene rays'd in Nottinghamshire, marcht away with Sr. John Meldrum, which were Collonell Thornhaugh, Maior Ireton, Captaine White, and Captaine Farmer's troopes ; who, together with Captaine Lomax and Captaine Schrimpshire's foote companies, ioyning with Collonell Cromwell's men, marcht to Gainsborough, and engag'd those that besieg'd it, and were victo- rious, killing their generall Sr. Charles Cavendish, with many more commanders, and some hundreds of souldiers, and this was oppor- tunely done, while my Lord Newcastle Avas hastning to come over the Avater and io3'ne with them, avIio, by a bridge of boates, past all his army over, and came neere Gainsborough, iust in a season to behold the rout of all his men. The parliament's forces expected he would have fallen upon them, and drew up in a body and faced him, but he advanced not, so they contented themselves to relieve Gainsborough, and made a very honorable retrcatc to Lincolne; but Gainsborough not being fortified, nor provided; this reliefe did not much advantage them, tor my Lord NcAvcastle againe besieg'd it, which was render'd to him, after eight dayes, upon honorable conditions, for the defendants, though they were not perform 'd by ^ To some readers the recital of these bickerings and intrigues may seem little in- teresting, to others highly so; certain it is, that whoever refuses to read tlieni, refuses to acquaint liimself with the temper of those times, which they characterize in the most peculiar niantier. 138 the besiegers, for all my Lord Willoughbie's men were disarm'd, contrary to articles/ and with them, some of the Nottingham soul- diers, that had gone into the towne, to refresh themselves, and so were shut up with them, when my lord lay'd siege to it ; the rest had gone to Lincolne. They had behaved themselves very well in the fight, where Captaine White receiv'd a wound in his hand in the forlorne hope ; Collonell Thornhagh, who had fought very gallantly, was taken prisoner, and after he Avas stripp'd of his arms and coate, a maior of the enemie's, whom the collonell had slightly wounded in the fervor of the fight, came and basely wounded the collonell, being disarm'd, so that he left him for dead ; but by the good pro- vidence of God, that wound which the enemie intended to give him death, gave him liberty ; for comming to himselfe a little after his hurt, he crept to one of his owne tenant's houses, and there had his wounds bound up, and found meanes to gett to Lincolne, from whence all the forces that went from Nottingham disperst into dif- ferent services. Maior Ireton quite left Collonell Thornhagh's regi- ment, and began an inseparable league with Collonell Cromwell, whose Sonne in law he after was. None of them could returne to Nottingham, by reason of my Lord Newcastle's army, winch lay between them and home. And now it was time for them at Nottingham to expect my Lord Newcastle, which the governor made provision for, with all the dilligence, that it was possible, under so many difficulties and obstacles, which would to any one elce have bene discouragements; but he had so high a resolution, that nothing conqucr'd it. The townsmen, through discontent at the drawing out of the forces, whereby their houses, famelies, and estates, were expos'd, began to envie, then to hate the castle, as griev'd that aniething should be preserv'd when all could not; and indeed those who were more con- f Particularly noticed by Whitelock. 139 cern'd in private interests then in the cause ilselfe, had some reason, because the neighbourhood of the castle, when it was too weake to defend them, would endanger them. In this hale and discontent, all the souldiers being townsmen, except some of the governor's owne company, they resolv'd they would not goe into the castle, to behold the mine of their houses ; little considering that when the governor came first into Nottingham to defend them, at their ear- nest desire, he left a house and a considerable estate, to the mercy of the enemie, rather desiring to advance the cause then to secure his owne stake ; but their meane and halfe-aftected hearts were not capable of such things. The governor perceiving this defection, sett some of the most zealous honest men, to find out how many there were in the towne, who neglecting all private interests would cheerefully and freely come in and venture all with him, intending, if he could not have found enough to defend the place, that he would have sent to other neighbouring garrisons to have borrow'd some. Upon this inquiry, it was found that many of Collonell Pierre- pont's owne company Avere desireous to come in, but first wisht to know their collonell's resolution, how he would dispose of them ; whereupon a hall was call'd, and the danger of the place declar'd to the whole towne, that the}^ might liavc time to provide for their goods and persons before the enemie came upon them. The collo- nell being present, his companie asked him what he would advise them to do ; to whom his answer was, " You have but three wayes " to- choose, either leave the towne and secure yourselves in some " other parliament garrisons, or list into the castle,^ or stand on the " workes and have your throates cut." Two or three dayes after s The particular account which has hcfore been spoken of, has in this place a little difference of expression, which yet perhaps signifies much. There Col. I'ierrepont says, " List into the castle with John, for soe in a iesting way he us'd to call Coll. " Hutchinson," alluding no doubt to his frank and downright mode of speaking and acting. 140 this he went to his mother's, and carried his children with part of his goods, and sent his wife to Sr. Gervas Chfton's house. Notwith- standing this pubhck resolution in the Hall to his companie, he told them, and many others in private, that he preferr'd the interest of the towne above that of his life, and would expose his life for the good of it, and stand on the Avorkes of the towne as long as they could be defended, and when they could no longer be kept, would retire to some other parliament garrison. Others he told he scorn d his colours should serve in the castle ; that if his companie went up thither, he would gett him a new one, which should follow him wherever he went, and many more such things in private ; but openly, both to the governor and others, approv'd and encourag'd their going into the castle. According to his advice, the townsmen, as they were divcrsly affected, dispos'd of themselves, the mallig- nants all lay'd downe their arms and stay'd in the towne, some honest and well-affected, but not bold enough to stand the hazard, went to other parliament garrisons and serv'd there ; others secured themselves, their goods and famclies, in the country; some listed into the castle ; one Alderman Nix, captaine of two hundred, gave up his commission, his men all disbanded, except about 40, who came into the castle and fdl'd up the broken companies there. At length, out of all the four companies and the whole towne, about 300 men listed into the castle. The governor had procured 40 barrells of ponder, and two thou- sand weight of match from London, and had increased the store of provision, as much as the present poverty of their condition would permitt him. Then the conmiittce of Nottingham, so many of them as were remaining in the towne, and all the ministers of the parlia- inent's party there, came up to the castle, and, with the officers of the garrison, eate at the governor's, to very greate charge, consi- dering that he was so farre from receiving pay at that lime, that all the mony he could procure of his ownc crcdilt, or lake up with 141 others, he was forc'd to dispend, for the several necessities of the souldiers and garrison ; yett were the souldiers then, and a long time after, kept together as long as they could live, Avithout any pay, and after pay'd part in victualls, and the rest run on in arrears." The townsmen who came into the castle, dispos'd their famclies into severall villages, in the countr}^ and at length a trumpett was sent, for a safe conduct, for a gentleman, from my Lord Newcastle, and having it Maior Cartwright came from him, with a summons for the delivery of the towne and castle, to which the committee for the towne, and the governor, for the castle, return'd a civill de- fiance in wTiting, about the tenth day of August. Cartwright, having receiv'd it, and being treated with wine by the governor and the rest of the officers, grew bold in the exercise of an abusive witt he had, and told both Mr. Hutchinsons, they were sprightly 3'oung men, but when my lord should come with his armie, he should find them in other termes, beseeching my lord to spare them, as misled young men, and suffer them to march awa}'^ with a cudgel), and " then," say'd he, " shall I stand behind my lord's chaire and " lausfh." At which the governor being angrie, told him he was much mistaken, for he scorn'd ever to yield on any terms, to a pa- pisticall armie led by an atheisticall generall.' Mr. George Hutch- '■ In all the histories of those times we read so much of the soldiers complaints for want of pay, and so much of auditing their officers' accounts, as, being no way recon- cileable to modern practice^ makes one suppose the officers fraudulent, the soldiers mutinous; but this opinion will be corrected by observing what is here recited. Hence we shall likewise conceive a high idea of the virtue of those men, who started forth out of every rank of life to devote themselves to the service of God and their country, and persevered through such privations and difficulties, and consider their interference in the settling the con>titution of their country, for which they had fought^ in a far dif- ferent light from the tumult and mutiny of mercenary soldiers. i Charles the First, when accused of retaining papists, denied having any in his army, and tried to have it believed liiat those which the Earl of Newcastle had enlisted •were unknown to him^ although there is ample proof that it was done by his order: 142 iiison told hiiii, " If my lord would ha\ e tliat poore castle, he must " wade to it in blood." Which words they say he told his gencrall. After these summons were receiv'd, the governor drew all his soul- diers into the castle, and committed the guard of the towne to the aldermen, who were to sett guards of fifty in a nigiit, according to their wards. Then callino- tooether his souldiers, he once ag-aine represented to them their condition, and told them, that being reli- gious and honest men, he could be assured no extremity would make them faile, in what they found themselves strong enough to imdertake, and therefore he should not feare to lett them freely un- derstand their danger, which yet they had power to shunne, and therefore whatever miserie might be the issue of their undertaking, they could not iustly impute it to him, it being their owne election ; for after this summons they must expect the cnemie, and to be re- duc'd to the utmost extremity by them, that thought could reach : it must not moove them to see their houses flaming, and, if need Avere, themselves firing of them, for the publique advantage, to see the peices of their famelies, cruelly abus'd and consum'd before them ; they must resolve upon hard dutie, fierce assaults, poore and sparing diet, perhaps famine, and want of all comfortable accom- modations ; nor was there very apparent hope of reliefe at last, but more then common hazard of loosing their lives, either in defence of their fort, or with the place ; which, for want of good fortifica- tions, and through disadvantao;e of a- neiohbourinti' mount and building, was not, in humane probability, tenable against such an armie as threatened it: all which, for his owne part, he was resolv'd on, and if any of them found his courage failing, he only dcsir'd that nobleman acted in u much more ingenuous manner, and, as is before related in a quotation from Sir P. NA'arwick's Memoirs, turned the imputation into a jest ; pro- bably his indifference about the religion of his soldiers caused the epithet of. Atheistical, to be applied to him, certainly without suflScient reason. 143 tliej would provide for iheir safety, in time, elcewhere, and not pre- iudice him and the publick interest so highly, as they would doe, to take upon them the defence of the castle, except they could be con- tent to lay downe their lives and all their interests in it.'' The soul- diers were none of them terrified at the dangers which threat'ned their undertaking; but at the latter end of August, tooke, upon the solemne fast day, the nationall covenant, and besides it, a parti- cular, mutuall covenant, betweene them and the governor, to be faithful! to each other, and to hold out the place to the death, without entertaining any parlee, or accepting any tei'mes from the enemie : and this the governor was forc'd to doe, to confirme them, for he had his exercise, not only by the ungodly and ill-aftected,, but even the godly themselves, who thought it scarce possible for any one to continue a gentleman, and firme to a godly interest, and therefore repay 'd all his vigilancy and labours for them with a very uniust iealousie.' The governor of Newark was his cousin germane, to whom he was forc'd, against his nature, to be more uncivill then to any other that were governors in that place. Whither it were that the dissention of brethren is allwayes most spitefully persued, or that Sr. Richard Biron, as 'twas reported, sutfer'd under the same suspitions on his side, it is true they were to each other the most uncivill enemies that can be imagined. After this summons, my Lord Newcastle came not, according to their bravadoes, but di- verted his armic to Hull, to besiege my Lord Fairfax there ; they of Newark having gotten him to send this summons, upon confidence, ^ Sola salus victis nullam sperare salutem. Virgil. Despair of life the means of safety shows. Dryden. ' It passes for a saying of Charles the Second, that the presbyterian might be a very good religion, but it was not the religion of a gentleman; these good folks seem to have been of the same mind. The French have taken care not to fall short in imi- tating this malicious prejudice, but stamped with the hated name of Aristocrat every person at all elevated above the vulgar, though ever so generous a friend of liberty. y 144 knowing the condition of the place, that it would have bene yeilded to a peice of paper. The governor immediately sett upon the forti- fication of his castle, made a worke behinde it, another to the Line side, turn'd the Dove Coate into a plalforme, and made a court of guard in Mortimer's Hole. At this time Sr. Thomas Hutchinson died at London,"" and gave all his personall estate, and all that Avas unsettled at IV^r. Hutch- inson's marriage, to his second wife and her children ; att which his two sonns had not the least repining thought, but out of tender love, Avere very nmch aflicted for his loss, and procured a passe from Newark for Mr. George Hutchinson, to goe to London, to visit his mother and fetch mournings, Avhich accordingly he did ; and upon a letter the conmiittee sent up by him, brought downe an order of parliament to allow a table to the governor and committee, whom Mr. Hutchinson had till that time entertain'd at his owne cost, with all the officers of the garrison and the ministers, which were no small charge to him, Avho had a noble heart, and could not basely evade the expence, Avhich that place necessarily drcAv upon him, not only by the constant entertainement of the committee, officers, and ministers, and all pariiament officers, that came and Avent through the ganison, but by the relieving of the poore souldiers, Avho had such short pay, that they Avere, for the most part, thirty Aveekes and more behind ; and Avhen they marcht out at any time, the governor Avould not stiffer them to take a cup of drink, unpay'd foi", in the country, but all way es, Avherever they tooke any refresh- ment in their marches, pay'd it himselfe. He besides gave them much from his owne house, especially Avhen any of them Avere sick or Avounded, and lent monies to those that Averc most necessitous. All this runnc him into a greate private debt, besides many thou- "" August 18, 1643, as appeared by liis tombstone, undtr the communion table in St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London, and that he was 55 when he died. J. H. A marginal note written by Julius Hutchinson, grand-father of the Editor. 145 sands of pounds, which he engaged himselfc in with other gentle- men, taken up for the supplie of the garrison and carrying on of the pubhck service. AlUhough the allowance of his table were much envied, by those meane fellows, that never knew what the expence of a table was, and although it was to him some ease, yet did it not defray the third part of his expence in the service, being but ten pounds a weeke allow'd by the state, and his expences all that time, only in the publick service, and not at all in any parti- cular of his owne famely, being, as it Avas kept upon account, above fifteen hundred pounds a yeare. Assoone as his father was dead, and rents became due to him, the enemies, in the middst of whom his estate lay, fetcht in his tenants and imprison'd them, and tooke his rents ; his estate was begg'd and promis'd by the king ; those who liv'd not upon the place, flung up his grounds, and they lay unoccupied, while the enemy prevail'd in the country. He was not so cruell as others were to their tenants, who made them pay over againe, those rents which the enemie forc'd them to redeeme themselves out of prison with all, but lost the most part of his rents,' all the while the country was under the adverse power ; he had some small stock of his OAvne plundered, and his house, by the per- petuall haunting of the enemie, defac'd and for want of inhabitation render'd allmost uninhabitable. For these things he had some sub- scriptions," but never receiv'd any pennie recompense, and his ar- rears of pay, Avhich he receiv'd after all the warre was done, did not halfe pay the debts those services contracted. But when he undcrtooke this enoaoement, it was for the defence of his countrie's and God's cause, and he ofter'd himselfe and all he had a willino- sacrifice in the service, and rather prays'd God for what was sav'd, then repin'd at what was spent, it being above his expectation, that " By subscriptions is here meant acknowledgments or certificates given by the com- mittees, which parUament professed to make goodj but many times did not. 146 deliverance which God gave him out of his enemies hands. He might have made many advantages by the spoyle of his enemies, which was often brought in, and by other encroachments upon the country, Avhich aUmost all the governors, on both sides, exacted everywhere elce, but his heart abhorr'd it: all prize the souldiers had, and he never shar'd it; all mallignanls goods, the committee dispos'd of, and it ever griev'd his heart, to see the spoyle of his neighbours, how iustly soever they deserv'd it; but he chose all losse, rather then to make up himselfe," by violence and repine. If in a iudiciall wa}', he were forc'd att any time, in discharge of his trust, to signe any harsh orders, against any of the gentlemen of the country, it was with griefe that they should deserve that seve- rity, but this testimony is a truth of him, that in his whole actings in this cause, he never prosecuted any private lust, cither of re- venge, ambition, avarice, or vaine glory, under a publick vizard, but was most truly publick spirited. Conscience to God, and truth and righteousnesse, according to the best information he could gett, engag'd him in that party he tooke ; that which engag'd him, carried him through all along, though he encount'red with no less difficulties and contradictions, from those of his owne party, that were not of the same spiritt he was, then from his enemies. The death of Sr. Thomas Hutchinson made every way a greate reverse in the affaires of his eldest sonne, who had before bene look'd upon as his father's heire, and reverenc'd as much, or rather more, upon his father's score, then his owne, so that no man durst attempt to iniurc him, whom they look'd upon under such a power- full protection. Sr. Thomas and his fathers before him had ever deserv'd very well of their country, and, as lovers of their country, their neighbours had an implicite faith in all their dictates and actions, insomuch that Sr. Thomas Hutchinson's single authority " Make himself up, make himself whole, reimburse himself. 147 sway'd willi many, more then all Lhe greater names of the country. But he at his death having devided, all things consider'd, his estate betweene lhe children of his two wives, though it be true the latter deserv'd more then they had, yett it is as true the first deserv'd not to be so nmch lessen'd as they were, and Mr. Hutchinson having bene knowne to be the most pious and obedient sonne, from his childhood, that ever any father was blest in, when it came to be knowne that his father had given away all that was in his power to give from him, those that had a greate reverence and esteeme for Sr. Thomas would not believe him so defective in iustice, to doe this without some secret cause, and therefore it was given out that he was displeased with his son's engagement, and for that cause dispos'd away so much of his estate from them, but that was not soe. Indeed at the time of his death the parliament's interest was so low that he might well looke upon them as lost persons, and so what he gave away to the unengaged infant he might Avell looke upon as all that could be preserv'd. Mr. Hutchinson had only an allowance from his father, while he lived, which was duely pay'd him, but assoone as he died all his estate Avas seiz'd by the enemie; who had so much desire not to iniure publickly a person so popular, that they disturbed not Sr. Thomas his tenants while he lived, though he continued with the parliament, and faithfull to their interest, because he was moderate, and one that applied all his endeavours to peace, which he did not out of pollicie, but out of conscience to his country, and a wise foresight of the sad consequences of a con- quest by either side; for he hath often exprest, that accommodation was farre more desireable then warr, and he dreaded that the spiritts of those men would become most insolent after conquest who were so violently bent to prosecute a warre ; that some of them, whom we have since knowne to be vile apostates, then profest they abhorr'd accommodation. This report of Sr. Thomas his dislike of his son's engagement was rays'd and disperst by those who themselves were 148 ill-affected to it, but however it abated all the respects men had foi' him, upon any account but his owne. Tliose who had entertain'd a secret envie of him, now feard not to manifest it, and began to worke secret mines, to blow him up on all sides; but God was with him, and disappointed all his enemies, and made his vertues more illustrious by the oppositions they encountered with, and the re- moovall of all those props of wealth and power which are necessary to hold up weaker fabricks.'' P Here is in the original a marginal note in the following words: " The division of " Sir Thomas Hutchinson's estate." Sir Thomas Hutchinson being mightil}' belov'd in " the country, and a moderate man, using all his endeavours for peace, his estate was " never plunder'd in his lifetime; and though it is here falsely insinuated that he ap- " proved of his son's conduct in taking armes against the king, 'tis most true that he " was extremely afflicted at it, being altogether for peace, and condemned such rash "■ councelis as armes on both sides; and the miserys he saw his king and country in- " volved in were certainly the occasion of his death : and though Sir T. Hutchinson " sat longer in the house than many honest men, it was only in hopes by his moderate " councelis to eflect a happy peace between his king and countrj\ All this I have " heard attested by his lady and relict, my grandmother. Teste J. Hutchinson." This is that testimony of Lady Katharine Hutchinson which was spoken of in the preface, and whicli, in attempting to impeach the veracity of the author in a single point, contributes largely to corroborate it in all. In the very instance before us there seems much more reason for the opinion of Mrs. Hutchinson than of Lady Katharine: Sir Thomas Hutchinson had before been imprisoned for his opposition to the court; was in this parliament on all committees for the reform of religion; sat with the par- liament after the war was deeply engaged; sent his sons arms, and promoted their desires to the parliament: it is incredible that he should have any great objection to the part they took, other than the general one of regretting that arms were taken on either side. The most probable thing is that this lady, being of the same party and opinion as her brother and family, and jealous of Sir Thomas Hutchinson's ciiildren by his former wife, influenced him to their disadvantage in the making of his will, and set up these reasons to countenance it after his death. The other estates of Sir Thomas Hutchinson in Notts were fully equal, if not superior, in value to that of Ow- thorpe. — This being the only instance wherein the truth of the narrative is called in question, and this certainly invidiously, if not unjustly, we may safely say wc have the testimony of an adversary in our favour to all the rest. 149 Soone after the death of his father, one Mr. Ayscough, a gen- tleman of the country, allied to Sr. Richard, since Lord Biron, then governor of Newark, came to the governor of Nottingham, and told him that Sr. Richard Biron, out of that tender naturall affection which he ever had for him, and still preserved, desir'd him now to consider his wife and children, and the losse of his whole estate, which was so inevitable, if he persisted in the engagement he was in, that some had already bene suing to the Earle of Newcastle for it; but if he would returne to his obedience to the king, he might not only preserve his estate, but have what reward he pleas'd to propound for so doing: to which the governor telling him, this was a thing he ought to scorne, Mr. Ayscough told him that Sr. Richard had', only out of love and tender compassion to him, given him this employment, with many protestations how nuich Sr. Richard desir'd to employ all his interest to save him, if it were possible, and therefore beg'd of him that if he would still persist in this party, that he would yet quitt himselfe of this garrison, and goe into my lord of Essex his arniie, for there, he said, Sr. Richard Avould find pretence to save his rents for liiin for the present, and his estate for the future; for, sayd he, he can plead, " you were an incon- " siderate young man, rashly engaged, and dares assure himselfe to " beg your pardon; but to keepe a castle against your king is a " rebellion of so high a nature, that there will be no colour left to " aske favour for you." The governor told him he should deliver the same propositions, and receive his answer, before some wit- nesses; whereupon he carried the gentleman to two of the com- mittee, before whom he repeated his message, and the governor bade him returne Sr. Richard answer, " that. except he found his " owne heart prone to such treachery, he might consider there was, " if nothing elce, so much of a Biron's blood in him, that he should " very much scorne to betrey or quilt a trust he had undertaken; " but the grounds he went on were such, that he very much der 150 " spised such a thought as to sell his faith for base rewards or " feares, and therefore could not consider the losse of his estate, " which his Avife was as willing to part with as hiniselfe, in this " cause, wherein he was resolv'd to persist, in the same place, in " which it had pleased God to call him ■• to the defence of it." About this time a woman was taken, whereof the committee had before bene inform'd, that she carried intelligence betweene Coll. Pierrepont and his mother, the countesse of Kingston. The woman was now going through Nottingham, with letters from the old countesse to her daughter-in-law, the collonell's wife, who was then at Clifton, Sr. Gervas Clifton's house. In this pacquet there was a letter drawne, which the countesse adviz'd her daughter to signe, to be sent to Coll. Stanton, one of the king's collonells, to entreate back from him some goods of her husband's, which he had plun- der'd; wherein there were these expressions: " that though her " husband was unfortunately engag'd in the unhappie rebelhon, she " hoped ere long he would approve himselfe a loyall subiect to his " maiesty." The committee having read these letters, seal'd them up againe, and enclosed them in another to the collonell, then at Derby, telling him that having intercepted such letters, and not knowing whether his wife might follow her mother's advice, which if she should, would proove very dishonorable to him, they had chosen rather to send the letters to him then to her. The collonell was vext that they had open'd them, but for the present tooke no notice of it. All the horse having bene drawne out of Nottingham to the reliefe of Gainsborough, and the Newarkers, knowing that 1 Notice is taken by Whitelock of several attempts to prevail on Colonel Hutch- inson to betray his trust, and of his steady adherence to it: there will be seen other instances more remarkable than this; but here are two things extremely well worth notice; this elegant and forcible apostrophe to Sir Richard Byron; and the patriotic and disinterested devotion of Mrs. Hutchinson to the cause, at least a rare example in her sex. i 151 the garrison was utterly destitute, plunder'd all the country, even to the walls of Nottingham; upon which some godly men ofFer'd themselves to bring in their horses,, and forme a troope for the de- fence of the country, and one Mr. Palmer, a minister, had a com- mission to be their captaine/ This man had a bold, ready, earnest way of preaching, and liv'd holily and regularly, as to outward con- versation, whereby he gott a greate reputation among the o-odly, and this reputation swell'd his spiritt, whicji was very vaine-glorious, covetous, contentious, and ambitious: he had insinuated himselfe so as to make these godly men desire him for their captaine, which he had more vehement longing after then they, yett would have it believ'd that it was rather prest upon him, then he prest into it; and therefore being at that time in the castle with his famely, and feeding at the governor's table, who gave him roome in his owne lodgings, and all immaginable respect, he came to the governor and his wife, telling them that these honest people prest him very much to be their captaine, and desiring their friendly and christian advice, whether he should accept or refuse it. They freely told him that having enter'd into a charge of another kind, they thought it not fitt to engage in this, and that he might as much advance the publique service and satisfie the men in marching with them in the nature of a chaplaine, as in that of a captaine. He that ask'd not councell, to take any contrary to his first resolve, Avent away con- fus'd, when he found he was not adviz'd as he would have bene, and sayd he would endeavour to persuade them to be content; and after sayd, they would not be otherwise satisfied, and so he was forct to accept the commission. The governor having only declar'd his owne iudgment when he Avas askt, as a Christian ought to doe, according to his conscience, left the captaine to act accordino- to his owne, and censur'd him not, but entertained him with the ' This, if not unique, is at least a singular trait. ^^ Z 152 same freedom and kindnesse he had done before; but the man, being guilty ' of the avarice and ambition of his owne heart, never after that h)okt upon the governor with a cleare eie, but sought to blow up all factions against him, whenever he found oppertunity, and in the meane time dissembled it as well as he could. x\nd now before his troope was well rays'd, Coll. Thornhagh being recover'd, brought back his troope from Lincolne, and both the troopes quar- ter'd in the towne, which being a baite to invite the enemie, the governor gave charge to all that bclong'd to the castle, being about three hundred men, that they should not upon any pretence what- ever be out of their quarters; but they having, many of them, wives and better accommodations in the towne, by stealth disobeyed his commands, and seldom left any more in the castle then what were upon the guard. The townsmen were every night sett upon the guard of the towne, according to the Avai'ds of the aldermen, but the most of them being disaifected, the governor, fearing treachery, had-deter- min'd to cjuarter the horse in those lanes which were next to the castle, and to block up the lanes for the better securing them. Just the night before these lanes should have bene blockt up, Al- derman Toplady, a greate mallignant, having the watch, the enemie was, by treachery, lett into the towne, and no alarum given to the castle; though there were two musketts at the gate where they entered, both of them were surrender'd, without one shott to give notice, and all the horse, and about two parts of the castle souldiers, betrey'd, surpriz'd, and seiz'd on in their beds, but there were not above fourscore of the castle foote taken; the rest hid themselves, and privately stole away, some into the country, some by night came up to the castle and gott in, in disguizes, by the river side; but the cavaliers were possesst of the towne, and no notice at all ' Guilty ; Latin, sibi conscius, conscious of. 153 given to the caslle. When, at the healing of reveille, some of tlie souldiers, that had bene on the walch all night, Avere going downe into the towne to refresh themselves, they were no sooner out of the castle gates but some of the enemie's musketeers discharg'd upon them, and they hasting back, gott in with such care tliat the enemy Avas })revented of their designe of falling in with them. They brought a strong alarum into the castle, where the governor coming forth, was exceedingly vext to find that his men were, so many of them, contrary to his command, wanting in their quarters; but it was no time to be angrie, but to applie himselfe to doe what was possible to preserve the place; wherefore he immediately dispatcht messengers, by a private sally-port, to Leicester and Derby, to desire their assistance, either to come and helpe beate the enemie out of the towne, or to lend him some foote to helpe keepe the castle, in which there was but fourscore men, and never a lieftenant nor any head officer but his brother, nor so much as a surgeon among them. Assoone as the governor had dispatcht his messengers he went up to the towers, and from thence play'd his ordinance into the towne, which seldome fail'd of execution upon the enemie; but there was an old church, call'd St. Nicholas Church, whose steeple so commanded the platforme that the men could not play the ordinance without woolpacks before them. From this church the bullets play'd so thick into the outward castle yard, that they could not passe from one gate to the other, nor relieve the guards, but with very greate hazard ; and one weake old man was shot the first day, who, for want of a surgeon, bled to death before they could carry him up to the governor's wife, who at that time supplied that want as well as she could ; but at night the governor and his men dug a trench betweene the two gates, through which they afterwai'ds better secur'd their passage. In the meanc time the cavalliers that came from Newark, being about six hundred, fell to ransack and plunder all the honest men's houses in the towne, and the cavalliers 154 of the towne, who had call'd them in, helpt them in this wovke. Their prisoners they at first put into the sheep pens in the market place,' Avhere an honest townsman seeing four or five commanders goe into his owne house, procur'd a cunning boy that came by him, while the enemie regarded more their plunder then the prisoners, to runne privately up to the castle and give them notice, who sent a cannon bullett presently into the house. The cavaliers call'd in all the country assoone as they were in the towne, and made a fort at the Trent bridges, and thither they carried downe all their con- siderable plunder and prisoners. The next day after Sr. Richard Biron had surpriz'd the towne, Mr. Hastings, since made lord of Loughborough, then governor of Ashby de la Zouch, came with a body of about four hundred men, but being displeased that the plunder was begun before he came, he returned againe and left the Newark gentlemen to themselves, who, as they made a fort at the bridges, threw downe the half moones and bulvvarkes that had bene rays'd about the towne. They stayd five dayes, but very un- quietly, for the cannon and muskets from the castle fail'd not of execution dayly upon many of them, and they durst not in all that time goe to bed. The third day Maior Cartwright sent a letter, de- siring the governor or his brother to come and meete him in St. Nicholas Church, and promis'd them safe passage and returne; but the governor read the letter to his souldiers, and commanded a red flag to be sett upon the tower, to bid them defiance, and shott three pieces of cannon at the steeple, in answer to his desired parlee. Five dayes the enemie stay'd in the towne, and all that time the governor and his souldiers, none of them were off from the guard, but if they slept, which they never did in the night, it was by them that watcht. At length on Saturday, September the twenty-third, ' It appears by Deering's account of Nottingliain that these once occupied a con- sklerable portion of the market place. 155 in the afternoone, the governor saw a greate many goods and per- sons going over the Line bridge, and not knowing what it meant, sent some cannon bullets after them, when on the other side of the towne he discern'd a body of men, whom he knew not at first, whe- ther friends or foes, but having at that time about eightscore men in the castle, for in that five dayes space fourscore were come in by stealth, he caus'd them all to be drawne out in the castle yard, and perceiving that those he last saw were friends, he sent out his brother, Maior Hutchinson, with all the musketeers that could be spared, to helpe drive the enemie out of the towne. They having effected what they came for, in fortifying the bridges, had nothing more to doe but to gett safe of, which they endeavour'd with more hast and disorder then became good and stout souldiers. When Maior Hutchinson came into the towne with his men, they greedie of knowing what was become of their Avives and houses, dropt so fast from behind him, to make the enquirie, that they had left him only in the head of sixteene men, when Sr. Richard Biron, with Captaine Hacker, follow'd by a whole troope of horse and a foote company, came upon him. The maior commanded his men to charge them, Avhich they did, but shott over, yet falling in with them pell mell, they had gotten Sr. Richard Biron downe, and they had his hatt, but he escaped, though his horse was so wounded that it fell dead in the next streete. These men that came to the governor's reliefe were Captaine White with his troope, who quarter'd at Leicester, in his returne from Lincolneshirc, from whence he was coming back to Notting- ham, land at Leicester mett the messenger the governor had sent for assistance, which he prosecuted so, that from the two garrisons of Leicester and Derby, Avith his owne troope, he brought about four hundred men. Assoone as they were come into the tOAvne Sr.'John Cell's men, seeing the cavaliers had a mind to be gone, interrupted them not, but being as dextrous at plunder as fight. 156 they presently went toTopladie's house, who had betre_y'd the towne, and plunder'd it and some others, while the governor's soiildicrs were busie in clearing the towne of the eneniie. When they had done this, the governor did what he could to restreine the plunder; but the truth is, Gell's men were nimble youths at that worke, yett there was not very much mischief done by them. Topladie's house fared the worst, but his neighbours saved much of his goods; he him- selfe, with severall otlier townsmen and countriemen, who had bene very active against the well-aftected, at this time were brought up prisoners to the castle. There were not above five-and-twenty of the Newark souldiers taken; how many were slaine at their going ot" and during the time of their stay we could not ceiteinely tell, be- cause they had meanes of carrying them of by the bridge, where they left Captaine Hacker governor " of their new fort with fourscore men. Their prisoners and plunder they sent away in boates to Newark; many of the townsmen went with them, carrying away not only their owne, but their neighbours' goods, and much more had bene carried away, but that the unexpected sally of the castle pre- vented them. Dr. Plumptre, one of the committee of Nottingham, whom they found prisoner at the marshall's house in the towne, and releas'd, Avent out of towne with them. This man, when he had provok'd the governor to strike him, upon his mallitious and uncivil! raylings against him for the respect he shew'd to the godly men of the towne, had retir'd to the house of a mallignant gentleman, in arms against the parliament, had receiv'd a protection from the governor of Newark, and had divers meetings M'ith the Newark " The brother of Colonel Hacker, who was tried, condemned, and executed, for attending the execution of Charles the First. This brother, who served the king during the whole war with great zeal, could not obtain the pardon of his brother, nor prevent the confiscation of his family estate, which was granted to the Duke of York, the king's brother, from whom he was obliged to ransom it at a high rate: it lay at Colston Basset, joining to Owthorpe. 157 officers, 3'et after all this had the impudence to come into the towne of Nottingham ; and in all the taverns and alehouses he came into, lo belch out abominable scoftes and taunts against the governor and the committee men, before Coll. Thornhagh's face, Avho com- manded him out of the room for it; and upon information of these things to the governor and the committee, he was sent for by some musketeers, and the enemie's protection for himselfe and his o-oods found about him, for which he was committed prisoner, but there being no good accommodation for him in the castle, the governor^ in more civility then he deserv'd, suffer'd him to be in the towne, whence he went with them, and after retir'd to Derby. At the same time, the cavaliers having taken some prisoners upon the parlia- ment's score who liv'd quietly in the country, the committee had fietcht in some gentlemen's sonns of their party, who were left at their fathers' houses, whereof one was remaining at the marshall's house when the cavahers came into the towne, whom the governor sufter'd to be there upon his paroUe, there being no good accommo- dation for him in the castle. Him the cavaliers would have had to have gone away with them, but he would not; which handsome behaviour so tooke the governor, that he freely gave him his liberty without exchange." Assoone as the enemie was driven out of the towne the go- vernor brought downe two pieces of ordinance to the mai'kett place, and entreated the souldiers that were come from Leicester and Derby to march with him immediately, to assaidt them in their fort at the bridges, before they had time to put themselves in order, and recollect their confused soules, after their chase; but the maior of Derby, an old dull-headed Dutchman, sayd ten thousand men " This story resembles some of those recited in the early and virtuous times of the Roman republic. Such anecdotes serve to relieve the mind, fatigued with reading of U>e crimes and follies of mankind. 158 could not doe it, and would by no means be entreated to goe on, nor to stay one day longer, but to stand by, while the governor made the attempt, with his owne men. He, when he saw he could not pre- vaile, thought it not convenient, at that time, to urge his men, be- yond their power, aiter ihey had had a Aveeke of such sore labour, and so, much discontented that he could not effect his desire, he drew back his ordinance into the castle. Here his weomen, while the men were all otherwise employ 'd, had provided him as large a supper as the time and present condition would permit, at which he entertain'd all the strangers, and his owne officers and gentlemen. There was a large roome, which was the chapell, in the castle : this they had fill'd full of prisoners, besides a very bad prison, which was no better then a dungeon, call'd the Lion's Den ; and the new Captaine Palmer, and another minister, having nothing elce to doe, walk'd up and downe the castle yard, insulting and beating the poore prisoners as they were brought up. In the en- counter, one of the Derby captaines was slaine, and five of our men hurt, who for want of another surgeon, were brought to the governor's wife, and she having some excellent balsoms and plaisters in her closett, with the assistance of a gentleman that had some skill, drest all their wounds, whereof some were dangerous, being all shotts, with such good successe, that they were all well cured in convenient time.'' After our hurt men Avere drest, as she stood at her chamber doore, seeing three of the prisoners sorely cutt, and carried downe bleeding into the Lion's Den, she desir'd the marshall > The reader will remember that thd mother of Mrs. Hutchinson had patronized and assisted Sir Walter Raleigh, when prisoner in the Tower,, in his chymical experi- ments, and had acquired a little knowledge of medicine ; whether her daughter had obtained instructions from her mother, or the mother herself was here (for she passed the latter part of her life with her daughter, and died in her house at Ovvthorpe), is un- certain. — Mrs. Hutchinson was certainly an extraordinary woman, and this is not one of the least singular, nor least amiable instances of it. 159 to bring thein in to her, and bound up and drest their wounds alsoe: which while she was doing, Caplaine Palmer came in and told her his soule abhorred to see this favour to the enemies of God ; she re- plied, she had done nothing but what she thought was her duty, in humanity to them, as fellow-creatures, not as enemies : but he was very ill satisfied with her, and with the governor presently after, when he came into a large roome where a very greate supper was prepared, and more roome and meate then guests, to fill up which, the governor had sent for one Mr. Mason, one of the prisoners, a man of good fashion, who had married a relation of his, and was brought up more in fury, then for any proofe of guilt in him, and I know not Avhither two or three others, the governor had call'd to meale with them ; for which Captaine Palmer bellow'd lowdly against him, as a favourer of mallignants and cavaliers.^ Who could have thought this godly, zealous man, who could scarce eate his supper, for griefe to see the enemies of God thus favour'd, should have after enter 'd into a conspiracy, against the governor, with those very same persons, who noAV so much provok'd his zeale ? But the governor tooke no notice of it, thoug-h he sett the very souldiers a muttering against him and his wife, for these poore humanities. The next day the neighbour forces return'd home. Coll. Thorn- hagh having lost the most of his troope, went to London to gett an- other. Captaine White stay'd at Nottingham with his, Avhere intel- ligence being given, that the cavaliers intended to possesse them- selves of Broxtowe and Woollerton, two gentlemen's houses Avithin two miles apiece of Nottingham, Captaine Palmer was sent, with the remainder of his men to keepe Broxtowe house, and the gover- nor's captaine lieftenant, with his company, to Woollerton, The governor, at Nottingham, broke up the Line Bridge to prevent the ' Behold a presbyterian and a sectary, a Levite and a Samaritan! a A 160 cavaliers comming suddenly that way into the towne; then he blockt up the lanes next the castle, and cut up all the hedges, that Avere dangerous to make approaches to the castle, and having the experience of the niischiefe of it, pull'd downe St. Nicholas' church by the advice of the committee/ Presently after the cavaliers were gone out of towne, some naughty people, sett on by them, fir'd the towne, but it Avas quenched Avithout burning above two or three houses, yett for a fortnight together it was perpetually attempted, fire being lay'd to hay-barnes and other combustible places, insomuch that the weo- men were forc'd to walke by fiftie in a night to prevent the " burning, Avhich the committee perceiving to be attempted by the instigation of the Newark gentlemen, they Avritt them Avorde, that if they for- bade not their instruments, if so much as one house Avere fired, they would fire all the cavaliers houses neare them. The oentlemen re- turn'd them a scornefull letter, full of taunts and disdaine, but after that no more houses Avere attempted with fire. The Derby souldicrs, Avhen they return'd home, being askt why they left the cavaliers at the bridges unassaulted, made answer, they Avould have beaten them out, but the governor Avould not lend * It is said, in Deering's History of Nottingbam, that this church was pulled down by Col. Hutchinson, and the bells carried to Outhorpe ; which last was at that time impossible, the enemy being in possession of the Vale of Belvoir and the ways to it. In Throsby's edition of Thoroton, he remavks that neither Deering nor Thoroton were properly acquainted with the circumstances of that affair, and mentions, that in dig- ing near the foundation of the present tower, (for the church has been rebuilt), a bell was found evidently broken to pieces at the demolition of the church ; probably by the cannon shot which was sent in answer to Major Cartwright's message. The situation of this church was both very near to the castle, and on a parallel height. •^ This is a curious fact: though not said by our historian, it is very probable it might be her suggestion to make this profitable use of the propensity of her sex to take alarm ; as she was a great reader of the classics, she probably remembered that a similar wafrlifulness of the geese saved the Roman capitol. 161 tliem a piece of ordinance, out of his castle ; which false report^ when the governor heard, peek'd him heartly, being so notorious a lie; for he drew downe two pieces of ordinance, and could not en- Ireate them but to stand by, while he attempted it, with his owne men, but their Maior Molanus, being an old souldier, discourag'd our souldiers, and told them, it was a vaine and impossible attempt. For this cause, the governor rcsolv'd he would sett upon it alone, whenever it was seasonable, and watching an opportunity, he soone tooke it, at a time, when intelligence was brought him, that all the forces Newark could send forth, were gone upon a designe into Lincolneshire. Then, on the Lord's Day, under colour of hearing a sermon at the greate church in the towne, he went thither, and after sermon, from the steeple, tooke a view of the fort at the bridges, no one perceiving his designe, but his engineer, who was with him, and tooke a full survey of Hacker's workes. Then, after supper, he call'd the committee together, and communicated his in- tentions to them, which they approv'd of. So all that night he spent in preparations against the next morning ; he sent away orders to the horse and foote that lay at Broxtowe to come to him in the morning by eight of the clock, with all the pioneers they could gather up in the country; he sent into the towne, and caused all the pioneers there to be brought up, under pretence of making a brestwork before the castle gates, and pretending to sett them upon the platformes, caused all the cannon basketts to be fill'd, which he intended for rolling trenches. All things, betimes in the morning, being gotten into perfect readinesse, and so discreetly order'd, that the enemie had no notice from any of their friends in towne, nor knew aniething of the designe, till it was readie, the governor, about eleven of the clock, on Munday morning, marcht out, al- though the weather at that time, being very tempestuous and rayny, seem'd to have combin'd with his enemies and withstood the at- tempt; but the souldiers were rather animated then discourag'd. 162 ihinking that difficulties, after they were vanquisht, would encrease their glory. So when the ugly stonne had, three or foure howers, wasted ilselfe in its fury on them, it fell at their feete, and no more envious clowds obscur'd the chearfull face of heaven, so long as they continued in the field. The governor's owne company marcht through the meadowes and gave the alarum to the enemies foote, while Mr. George Hutchinson's company went through the lanes, to gaine a nooke, which was very advantageous for the approaches of our men, and which they easily possest themselves of, and then advancing, planted their colours within musket sholt of the fort. Although they planted so many colours, the governor had but eight score foote, and a hundred horse, in all that Avent with him, out of the castle, but he sett the pioneers fairely among them to make the better shew. When the colours were thus planted, the pioneers were sett to . worke to cast up a brestworke, and being left in a safe posture with the inferior officers, the governor and his brother went up to the castle, to order the drawing downe of the ordinance: meanwhile the cavaliers sallied out of their fort to gaine the colours, at whose approach, all the pioneers ranne away from their workes, but the souldiers kept their ground and their colours, and beate back the enemie, into their owne fort, killing some of them, whereof two were left dead before our men, Avhom they thought it not safe to carry of. Our horse meeting the flying pioneers, brought them back againe to their workes, which they continued all that day, and the cavaliers attempted no more sallies. At evening the ordinance were brought downe and planted within muskctt-shott of the fort, and then the governor dispatcht a messenger to Derby to tell Sr. John Gell, if he pleased to send any of his men, they might come and see the fort taken. Accordingly on Tuesday the Dutch Maior came, with about six score foote and dragoones. Hard by the fort, at the bridges, at that side our men approacht, there Avere two 163 houses full of coales, into which, if the cavaliers had put any men, they might have done much mischiefc, to the assailants, wherefore the governor sent two or three souldiers, who very boldly went all- most under their workes and fired them both, by the light of Avhich, burning all night, the governor's men wrought all that night, in their trenches, and cutt a trench in the meadowes, some of them calling to the cavaliers in the fort, and keeping them in abusive replies, one upon another, while the pioneers carried on their workes; the governor and his brother, and all the other officers, continuing all night in the trenches with them, they behav'd themselves so cheare- full3% that the governor gave them the next morning twenty pounds, and they had very good drinke and provisions brought them out of the garrison, which much encourag'd them, but the governor's pre- sence and alacrity among them much more. When Derby men came on Tuesday, the Dutch maior came downe to the trenches, and told the governor that he wonder'd he would attempt the fort, for it was impregnable, and therefore much dissAvaded him from going on, and say'd he and his men would retvune. The governor told him he and the souldiers with him were resolv'd to leave their hves rather then their attempt, and if they fail'd for want of second- ing, by that force which was sent with him to their assistance, let the blame lie on him. When the Derby officers saw him so resolute to persist, they, after much disswasion and dispute, determin'd to stay, and the officers went up with the governor to supper in the castle ; the souldiers to quarters provided for ihem in the towne : but after supper, the governor went downe againe, and stay'd all night in the 'trenches Avilh his men, and left them not as long as they stay'd there, but only to fetch downe Avhat was necessary for them. He, his brother, and all the officers, were every night with them, and made them continue their custome of rayling at each other in the darke, while they carried on their approaches. There was in the Trent, a little piece of ground which, by danmiing up 1()4 the water, the cavahers had made an island ; while some of the souldiers held them in taike, others on Wednesday night ciUt the since, and by breake of day on Thursday morning had pitclit two colours in the island, within carabine shott of the fort, and the go- vernor's companie had as much advanc'd their approach on the other side. When they in the fort saw, in the morning, how the assailants had ad vane t, Avhile they were kept secure in talke all the night, they were extreamely madde, and swore like devills, which made the governor and his men greate sport: and then it was be- liev'd they in the fort began to thinke of flight ; Avhich the besiegers not expecting, still continued their approaches, and that day got forty yards nearer in the island and on the other side. Although Sr. John Gell's men came but on Tuesday, on Thursday the second messenger came from him, to call them back. The governor en- treated them to stay that night and kcepe the trenches, while his men refresht themselves : which they did, but his men would not goe out of their trenches, but slept there to fitt themselves for the assault which the governor had resolv'd in the morning, and for that purpose, after he had left them with all things provided in their trenches, he went to the castle to see the fire-balls and other neces- saries for the assault brought downe, and at three in the morning came with them, when the souldiers told him the cavaliers in the fort had for two hours left of shooting. He sent some souldiers then lo the worke sides to discover what this meant ; but they, perceiving the place empty, went in and found that all the garrison was stollen away, and had left behind them four score sheep, a hundred loads of coales, twenty quarter of oates, much hay, a greate deale of plunder'd lead, and a fort so strong, that if they had had such courage as became men of their profession, they Avould never have quitt it. They left all their workes standing, and only broke up two al'ches of the Trent bridges, to hinder the governor's men from following them. Their flight was by that meanes secur'd, the river 165 being so out that the horse could not ford over. Mr. George Hutch- inson and his company were appoynted to possesse and keepe the fort at the bridges, which he did, and the next weeke the gamson kept a day of solemne thanksgiving to God, for this successe and the mercy in it, whereby all their men were preserv'd, notwithstanding their very bold adventures, so that not one of them Avas slaine, and but four of them wounded, whereof three were so slightly hurt, that they return'd againe next day into the field. To encrease their thankes to God, newes Avas brought them that the same Aveeke the forces that Avent out from NcAvark ioyn'd Avith Henderson's had re- ceiv'd a greate overthrow by CroniAvell, and my Lord NcAvcastle had bene forc'd to rayse his siege of Hull Avith greate losse and dis- honor. Some time after the bridge Avas recover'd, the horse Avent forth and brought in some oxen of Mr. John Wood's, a iustice of the country, disaffected to the parliament, but not in action against them. He, folloAving his oxen, came to the governor, and, after he had dispatcht his businesse, told him hoAv Mr. Sutton Avould have once employ 'd him on a message, to offer the governor any termes he would aske the king, to come over to his side and deliver up the castle to his use. Mr. Wood told him, such a message might not obteine creditt, unlesse he had some propositions in Avriting, Avhere- upon he call'd for pen and inke, and Avritt that he should offer the governor, if he would resigne his castle, not only to be receiv'd into favour, but to have what rcAvard of honor, mony, or command, himselfe Avould propound ; Avhich paper Avhen Mr. Wood had re- ceiv'd, Sr. Richard Biron came in, and Mr. Sutton told him the businesse, to Avhich Sr. Richard answer'd, he believ'd it Avould not take effect, for he himselfe had made the like offers to him, and bene reiecled : ' Avhich Mr. Wood hearing, Avould not undertake the "= This is the second instance of attempting Col, Hntchinso'ii's fidelit}-, but the most remarkable one will be found in the sequel. 166 employment, but the governor made him declare the story to two of the gentlemen of the committee. The governor not growing secure by successes, was but stirr'd up to more active preparations for the defence of the place he had un- dertaken, and having a very ingenuous person, Mr. Hooper, who was his engineer, and one that understood all kind of operations, in allmost all things imaginable, they procur'd some saltpeter-men and other necessary labourers, and sett up the making of ponder and match in the castle, both which they made very good ; they alsoe cast mortar pieces in the towne, and finisht many other inventions for the defence of the place. The governor also caus'd a mount neere the castle to be bulwark'd, and made a platforme for ordinance, and rays'd a new worke before the castle gates, to keepe of approaches, and made a new in-worke in the fort at the bridges. Sr. Thomas Fairfax, being overmaster'd in the North, by the Earle of Newcastle's greate armie, after his father Avas retir'd into Hull, came with those horse, that were left him, into the Vale of Belvoir, and so visited Nottingham castle, where he and the com- manders that were with him, considering of what advantage it was to the parliament to keepe that place, by reason of the commodious situation of it, and the passe which might be there maintain'd, be- tween the north and south, and the happie retreate it might afford to their northern forces, he very much presst the governor and the committee to raise all the force they could, offering arms and com- missions for them : especially he prest the governor to compleate a regiment for himselfe, which at that time he would not accept, be- cause Collonell Pierrepont had not yett declar'd what he would doe with his regiment. The Collonell was then at Derby, whither some of his officers going to him, to know what they should doe, he dis- misst them ; yett comming to town, he gave out strange envious whispers, and behav'd himselfe so disingenuously to the governor. 167 that he had iust cause lo have no more regard for him, and being againe importun'd by Sr. Tiionias Fairfax, he receiv'd a commission to rayse a regiment of twelve hundred. He presently recruited his owne companies, and began to rayse more : Mr. George Hutchinson was his lieftenant collonell, and one Mr. Widmerpoole his maior ; there was a companie rays'd by one Captaine Wright; there remain'd a broken piece of Coll. Pierrepont's company, and Captaine Poul- ton, who had bene their captaine lieftenant, being dismist by the collonell, had a new commission under the governor for a compan^^; when those souldiers of Coll. Pierrepont's not knowing what to doe, it was determin'd at a councell of warre of strangers, whereof Sr. William Fairfax was president, that they should list under Capt. Poulton. Sr. William and Sr. Thomas Fairfax, both of them, when the governor made scruple of passing by Coll. Pierrepont, assured him that they had intelligence given them in the nortii of his intents, to deliver Nottingham to the king. About this time Chadwick, the deputy recorder of Nottingham, and one of the committee, came to Nottingham, from whence he went away, when the souldiers were all drawne out, and all that were fearfull went to other places to secure themselves. This fellow, being sent of a message to the Lord Fairfax, generall of the north, had receiv'd letters of credence from the committee ; but insteed of prosecuting their businesse, which was to have procur'd some force from my lord to helpe keepe the place, when my Lord Newcastle was dayly expected to come against it, he procur'd himselfe a commis- sion for a regiment, and a ioynt commission for himselfe and Coll. Pierrepont to be governors of the towne and caslle. The last he kept very private ; the first he bragg'd of as a thing, which, my lord considering his greate abillities, would needs enforce upon him. In execution of this, he rays'd seven men, Avhich were his meniall ser- vants, went into Staffordshire, possest a papist's fine house, and fired it to runne away by the light, when the enemie was thirty '2 B 168 miles of from it, and cheated the country of" pay for I know not how many hundred men: for which, if lie had not stollen away in the night, he had bene stoned ; and as his wife past through the townes, she was in danger of her life, the weomen Hinging scalding water after her. But before this, he came to Nottingham at the time the governor rays'd his regiment, and coming up to the castle behaving himselfe somewhat insolently, and casting out misterious words of his authority; the governor sett on a person to find out his meaning, to whom he shew'd a commission he had privately obtain'd some foure months before, for himselfe and Coll. Pierrepont to be ioynt governors of the county, towne, and castle; but neither noAV did he declare this to any of the committee, but only made some private braggs in the towne, that he would shortly come -and take order for the safety of the place, and so went out of towne againe. The go- vernor acquainted the committee Avith this, who seem'd to have greate indignation at it, and writt immediately to Mr. Millington, burgesse of the towne of Nottingham, to have the government of the castle confirm'd on Coll. Hutchinson by authority of parliament. Mr. Salisbury, their secretary, had alsoe put in the government of the towne, but Coll. Hutchinson caus'd him to put it out, and the governor, being inform'd that Coll. Pierrepont, at London, was la- bouring to obteine a regiment, and to be sent downe as governor of the towne, for the more speedy dispatch, sent his owne chaplaine with the committee's letters to London, and sent other letters of his owne to Sr. Thomas Fairfax, to acquaint him how Cliadwick had abus'd my lord, his father, in the surreptitious procurement of this dormant commission, which, during all the time of danger, had layne asleepe in his pockett, and now was mention'd, as a thing, Avhereby he might, when he would, take that place out of Coll. Hutchinson's hands, which he had with so many labours and dan- gers preserv'd, by God's blessing, for the parliament's service ; he therefore desir'd a commission for the castle only. 169 Assoone as Mr. Allsop came to London, he was immediately dispatcht againe to Nottingham, with an order of parUament, dated November 20, l643, for Coll. Hutchinson to be governor both of the towne and castle of Nottingham, with an acknowledgement of the good service he had done, in preserving the place, and Mr. Mil- lington sayd he should likewise have a commission from the Earle of Essex. At Leicester, Mr. Allsop mett letters, directed to the governor, from Sr, Thomas Fairfax, wherein was a commission en- closed from his father, then generall of all the north, for the govern- ment of both the towne and castle. These commina; both together, although the generall and the parliament had added the government of the towne to that of the castle, as more honour to him, Collonell Hutchinson was for many reasons much troubled at it, amono' which these were some of his considerations. — First, it was allmost all malignants, there being scarce a man left that was to be confided in, except those who were allready listed into the castle. Secondly, they were not so much open profess'd enemies, as close, hipocriticall, false-hearted people, amongst whom were some leading eminent men, so subtile in their malignity, that though their actions were most preiudiciall to the publick service, yet did they cast such cunning specious pretences over them of publick good, that even the most upright men of the garrison were often seduc'd by their faire colours. Thirdly, the religiousest and best people were so pragmaticall, that no act, nor scarcely Avord, could passe without being strictly arraign'd and iudg'd at the barre of every common souldier's discretion, and thereafter censur'd and exclaim'd at. Fourthly, the townsmen, being such as had liv'd free and plentifidly of themselves, could not subiect themselves to government, but were so sawcy, so negligent, and so mutinous, that the most honor- able person in the world, could expect nothing but scandall, re- proach, and ingratitude, for the payment of his greatest meritt; and this the worthy governor found sufficiently from them. Lastly, the 170 few good men, were so easily blowne up into causelesse suspicions and iealousies, and diere were so many malignant whispers, dayly spread abroad, of every one in office, that it was impossible for any man, so worthily to demeane himselfe, but that a iealous miscon- struction, of some inconsiderable trifle, was enough to blast the esteeme of all his actions, though never so pious and deserving, and of all things in the world, nothing was so contrary to the governor's cleare and generous heart, as a base and causelesse iealousie of him/ But notwithstanding these and many other reasons, such as the unprofitable expence of his time, estate, and labours, where he should reape neither glory nor advantage to himselfe, he consider'd, that since he had rather declin'd then sought the enlargement of his power and command, and that the parliament and generalls had, at such a distance, bene moov'd, to put it unsought for, upon him, it was a worke which God call'd him to, and that the Lord, who sett him into the employment, would conquer all the difficulties. For the uniust thoughts or reports of men or their ungratefull returns, he was as much above the griefe of that, as the vaineglorie of mutable popular applause. It was in all things his endeavour to do and de- serve well, and then he never regarded the prayse or disprayse of men, for he knew that it Avas impossible to keepe on a constant careere of vertue and iustice, and to please all. It suffic'd him, for his inward peace, that he did not thrust himselfe into this and other employments, for any popular, ambitious, or advantageous interest of his owne, but that he was call'd of God, to the carrying on of the interest of truth, righteousnesse, and holinesse, and to the defence of his country, wherein he was faithfull, and found the Lord's pro- tection and glorious presence, not only in all he did, but in all he suffer'd for him and from him. * In effect it will be seen that this gave him more uneasiness than his enemies in the plenitude of [jower were ever able to do. 171 Assoone as the governor had receiv'd his commission, he thought it his duty to put it in execution, and to arme and fortefie the towne ; but my Lortl Newcastle comming with all his forces into Nottingham and Derbyshire, the governor, by the advice of the committee, forbore to publish his new commissions, least the enemy, perceiving an intent to enlarge the ganison, should utterly destroy the towne, before they were able to defend it. At the readino- of his commission in the committee chamber, Coll. Thornhaoh shew'd much discontent, and was melancholly after it; Avhereupon the governor told him, that as he had not sought that enlargement bf command, so if any of them thought themselves abridged by it, or any other inconvenience to the publick service, he would resigne it, and never make use of his commission. The collonell answered, with much kindnesse, that he only Avonder'd how the towne came to be added, when they only writt for the castle, but he was well satis- fied with it, and forced himselfe to a seeming content, though the truth is he had some emulation, but not mallice, to the governor ; and being of a nature a little iealous and easie to be Avrought upon, the wicked enemies of the cause endeavour'd, what they could, to insinuate into him, and worke disaft'ection and devision betweene these two gentlemen, Avho were the most faithful], unbiassed, and zealous champions of the publick interest, in their country. But after Coll. Thornhagh had bene wrought up to declare discon- tent, there were many oddc passages, by which others alsoe of the committee, who durst not before reveale their envious hearts, shew'd themselves displeas'd : whereupon, when they were all together, the governor, who hated secrett heart-boylings, spoke to them, and told them, that their carriages, since the commission came to him, did manifest their dissatisfaction in it, and if they would deale in- genuously with him and let him know it, as he had not sought the additionall government of the towne, so he would never undertake it: if they had any iealousies that unknowne to them he procur'd it 17^2 for himselfe, and closely sought after the enlargement of his owne power, by the abridgement of theirs, he assur'd them he was much mistaken, and that neither to Mr. Millington, nor Sr. Thomas Fair- fax, had he mentioned aniething more then the government of the caslle : for that of the towne he reioyc'd not in it, but look'd upon it as a greate burthen ; yet since it was conferr'd as an honor upon him, he should not decline serving them therein that had thought him Avorthy of it, except it gave distaste to any of those present; Avhich if it did, he would esteeme it an obligation, if they Avould bilt declare it before he publisht h'is commission. They all unanimously replied, they were not only contented, but exceedingly well pleas'd in it. Then the governor told them, if they were reall," as they pro- fess'd, he should expect their ready, and free concurrence with him, in all affairs tending to the publick service, and in those courses he should applie himselfe to, for the good of the garrison : and againe earnestly desir'd them, if they had any dislikes, either of him per- sonally, or of the alteration of the towne, out of the hands it had bene in the last yeare, that they would now freely declare it ; for as he should take it exceeding kindly of them, to doe so at this time; so if, after he had undertaken the charge, there should be any thwarting or crossing of powers and commands betweene them, he should not beare it; for as he should not stand upon all punctual! niceties in his command, so he would not be abridg'd of the iust and lawfull power due to him in his place. They all unanimously answer'd, it was very fitt and iust he should have it, and ihey would rather endeavour to uphold him in it, then any way to retrench it. Now was my lord Newcastle's armie come into Derbyshire, and having taken some places there, nothing was expected at Derby and Nottingham but a siege ; whereupon Captaine Palmer's troope ■^ Reall— /'>. Vrais— sincere. 173 was call'd away from Broxtowe, and all the rest of tlie horse was sent away into Leicestershire, except a few left for scouts, and as- soone as they were gone my lord Newcastle's forces came and quarter'd allmost at the towne side, and in all the neere townes, and Hastings tookc this oppertunity to make a garrison att Willden fenie/ By the mercy of God the enemic was restrein'd from com- ming up to the towne, though it lay soe open that they might have come in at their pleasure, and they not only miserably wasted and plunder'd the country all about, but one of them told a malignant, where he quarter'd, that that was their designe in comming to those parts to devoure the country. The regiments that were quarter'd the neerest to Nottingham were Sr. Marmaduke Langdale's and Collonell Dacre's, Avho had bene a familiar acquaintance of Lief- tenaut-coUonell Hutchinson's when he was in the north, and they loved each other as Avell as if they had bene brothers. Coll. Dacre sent a trumpett to desire Lieflenant-collonell Hutchinson to send him a safe convoy, that he might come and see him, which he acquainted the committee withall, and would have refus'd, but that the committee, thinking some good use might be made of it, per- swaded him to suft'er him to come; accordingly he sent him a tickett under his hand, promising him' to come and goe safely; so upon Thursday morning he came, with about eight more, to the top ' Willden Feny was said before to be ih the possession of the king's forces; but whether that was an anachronism^ or that the thin^ now meant was an increase of the fortifications, and the placing a larger number of men there, it is clear that the gar- rison of this place did after this period become a greater annoyance to the parliament, and Lord Grey of Groby, who commanded in chief the associated forces of Leicester, Nottingham, &,c. attacked and took it, assisted, as Whitelock says, p. 96, by Sir John Gell, who contrived to get the thanks of the parliament for his services herein, and for taking in Winkfield manor and Shelford manor; although some time after we find him besieging Winkfield manor in conjunction with Lord Denbigh, and that Shelford manor was not taken till more than two years after by Colonel Hutchinson, acting under the command of Poyntz. 174 of the hill at Nottingham, and from thence sent his trumpett to the governor, as not willing to trust himsclfe without his leave, to know whither he would permitt him and his two servants to come into his garrison to visitt the lieftenant-collonell. The governor sent him a tickett for them to come in, and though usually ihey kept no centiuells in the towne, yett he sent downe some officers and soul- diers to shew him a guard at his entrance. When the lieftenant- collonell came to him, he made many endearing expressions to him, how much he reioyc'd when his regiment Avas design'd for that place where he was, and how kind an affection he retein'd for him, not- withstanding their contrary engagements. Falling into further dis- course of this, he sayd that if he could but be convinc'd that the king first entertein'd papists into his armie, and that the parliament had none in theirs, he would never fight more on his side. The lieftenant-collonell told him, he should easily be able to doe that. " Well," said Dacre, " you and I must have some discourse in pri- " vate,^ and I shall be glad if you can satisfie me in that." Then the collonell desired some drinke might be sent out to two or three gentlemen, that stay'd on him upon the top of the hill ; which the lieftenant-collonell hearing, sent some of his owne officers and soul- diers on horseback to fetch them downe, who comming in all to- gether with them, the towne rose in an uproare and came to the governor with a high complaint, that I know not how many cavaliers were come into the towne, and rid up and downe armed, threatning the people to their greate terror. This the governor thinking to be true, Avas vext at it, and sent downe an angrie letter to his brother, s Though this may appear somewhat improbable in a time when rehgious opinions have so little effect upon pohtical ones, it was otherwise considered at that time; for nearly at this same juncture it is to be seen, in VVhitelock, page 81, that Sir E. Deering did on this very account of there being so many papists and Irish rebels entertained in the king's army, quit hiui and come into the parliament, who admitted hiin to compo- sition, being the first. 175 requiring him to send up the men that came last into the towne. Coll. Dacre hearing this, desir'd the lieftenant-collonell that the gen- tlemen might passe as they came, and ofFer'd to goe up himselfe and answer for the offence they had given. But the lieftenant- collonell presently carried them all out of towne, and came himselfe up to the castle, taking it something unkindly that his brother should write such a letter to him, and Avorse that others should have suspitions of him ; so that though he had made a promise to dine the Saturday following at Dacre's quarters, yet, to take away all offence and suspitions, he resolv'd he would have no more meetings with him, and to that end writt him a very civill letter to excuse his not comming; and the governor writt another to excuse the mis- take, whereupon the gentlemen were sent for to the castle. Dacre return'd complementall answers to them both, and writt another to Captaine Poulton, entreating very earnestly the lieftenant-collonell and Captaine Poulton to come and dine with him on Wednesday, and desiring the governor he might have the honor to see him. These letters being communicated to the committee, they would faine have had the lieftenant-collonell to have gone, but he held firme to his resolution and would not; soe with their privity Captaine Poulton only went to excuse it, and two of White's officers were sent allong with him, with charge, if they could, to find out how the enemie lay. When Captaine Poulton came, the collonell enter* tein'd him very kindly, and expresst a greate deale of trouble that the lieftenant-collonell was not come, and tooke him aside and told him that the governor of Nottinsham and his brother had now an opertunity whereb}'^ they might much advantage themselves, and doe the king excellent service. Captaine Poulton asking him how, he sayd if the governor would deliver up the castle, he should be receiv'd into favour, have the castle confirm'd to him and his heires, have ten thousand pounds in mony, and be made the best lord in the country. If the lieftenant-collonell would deliver up 2 c 176 the bridges, he should have three thousand pounds, and what com- mand he would aske in the army; and offer 'd Captaine Poulton two thousand pounds to effect this. The captaine told him, for his owne part nothing should buy him to such a villainy, and he believ'd the same of the governor and his brother, and made no question but they had before bene attempted. The collonell told him he did not this Avithout authority, and thereupon puli'd a paper out of his pockett, wherein were words to this effect : " These are to au- " thorize Coll. Dacre to treate with Coll. Hutchinson and Lieftenant- " collonell Hutchinson for the delivery of Nottingham-castle and " the bridges, and to make them large promises, which shall be per- " form'd by JV. Newcastle." Having shewed him this warrant, the collonell was very importunate with the captaine to acquaint the governor and his brother, and returne their ansAver to him upon the Friday after, when he offered to meete him, if they would, at a place call'd St. Ann's Well. Captaine Poulton told the governor and his brother, and they the conmiittee, and shew'd them very disdainefull refusalls they all had written to the collonell, and sent him by a drumme, Avho was not long gone out of the garrison but another came from Coll. Dacre with a letter to Capt. Poulton, ex- cusing himselfe that he could not stay in his quarters for him, according to appoyntment, but assuring him that what he had pro- mis'd should be really perform'd. The governor's drumme, in the absence of Coll. Dacre, deliver'd the three letters to Langdale, who writt them back a good civill letter, that he believ'd my lord New- castle and Dacre, out of familliarity and acquaintance with them, might have made these offers in kindnesse to them, but for his part he should otherwise persue the king's service. *" ^ This proposal for betraying the castle, togetlier with the refusal, is mentioaed by Whiteloci<, p. 79. Mr. Noble, who is mentioned in the preface as having published the lives of one hundred and thirty-six regicides, makes this remark, " that Colonel " Hutchinson hereby lost a fine opportunity of aggrandizing himself and his family. 177 After this, the weather being pretty ftiire, and the moone shining at that time, the governor sent out a foote companie, to beatc up their quarters, and gave them a fierce alarum throughout, and tooke twelve horses out of one of their stables, which they sent home. In their returne, meeting a greate body of horse, they all at once discharg'd upon them, and kill'd some eight of them, as Ave were , told in the morning. After this charge the horse immediately re- treated and would not stand another, and the next day remoov'd their quarters further from the garrison. Then the governor and committee sent for the Nottingham horse back from Leicester, and appoynted them to bring five hundred musketts which were come to Leicester for the governor. They came, but left the arms behind them. Besides this the collonell and all his regiment fell into dis- putes, that the governors of the parliament garrisons had no com- mand of the horse that were quartered in their townes; and hereupon the governor was often prevented of many oppertunities advantage- able to the publick service, and much discouraged to find such ob- structions from the envious pride and humour of those who should have bene his assistants ; but he bore with it as long as only himselfe suffer'd by it, and Avas willing for quietnesse sake to passe by many iniuries offer'd himselfe, till the publick service came to be infinitely preiudic'd by it. In the meane time he Avent on, as Avell as he could, through all diflficulties, in the faithfull and active discharge of his trust. He call'd a committee and councell of Avarre, Avhere it Avas put to the (juestion and voted that the toAvne should be forti- fied : then he applied himselfe to the thing, and call'd a full hall of all the towne, avIio declar'd sufficiently their disaffection to the par- liament, but in such a subtile Avay as Avould have entrapt a lesse " which doubtless they must regret." That very discerning gentleman is here informed that the Editor of this work, who is the only representative of Colonel Hutchinson in these kingdoms, is much more proud of his descent from so virtuous a man tiian from the most illustrious traitor. 178 prudent person: but the governor overlookt many things that he saw, and made use of all the advantages they gave him, and did not manifest his resentments of aniething which they could cloake under a specious pretence, how disadvantageably soever it were design'd against the parliament interest. The whole towne unani- mously voted that the place should be fortified, except Alderman Drury, and two or three that follow'd him : then the governor gave them encouraging promises of his protection and care over them, and endeavours to preserve them with his regiment, if they would assist in their owne defence. The towne being well satisfied, or at least seeming so, (for he treated them with that dexterity that they could not for shame openly opose him, though he was not ignorant that the cavalier party curs'd him in their hearts, as the only ob- stacle in their greater desire of having declar'd themselves on the other side) with generall outward cheerefuUnesse, in Christmas weeke, the workes were begun. About this time Sr. Thomas Fairfax being to march into Staffordshire, sent for some arms he had left in Nottingham-castle, and by the same convoy that went with them the governor gott his fivehundred musketts brought home from Lei- cester. Sr. Thomas sent orders to the governor to send him all the horse in the gamson, but when the governor acquainted them with it, they would none of them obey him and goe, though Sr. Thomas sent twice very earnestly for them, but stay'd in Nottingham, where they would obey no order of the governor's, and by doing things that concerned the garrison without and against his orders, they made a sad confusion and thwarting of poTvers, which the governor bore with in respect to Coll. Thornhagh, who did things not so much out of mallice in himselfe, as out of a little emulation, which did not destroy his kindnesse to the governor, and by the subtile in- stigation of Capt. White, who wrought upon his facillity to doe those things which his mallice and factious ambition prompted him to wish, but he durst not himselfe attempt. Although the horse Avould 179 not obey Sr. Thomas Fairfax, it was not out of cowardize, for the men were very stout, and chearful in the service, but only had the general! fault of all the parliament partie, that they were not very obedient to commands, except they knew and approov'd their em- ployment: they had no sooner refus'd Sr. Thomas, but my lord Grey sending for two troopes, they went to him to Melton, which he had begun to fortifie. The governor, notwithstanding these obstacles from secret enemies and refractory friends, carried on his businesse with good successe, and had many events according to his endea- vours. Among the rest his men encountering a party where Coll. Freckeville and Sr. Henry Humlack were in person, fought them, kill'd many of their men, and tooke Freckeville prisoner; but his captaine-lieftenant Jammot came to his rescue and freed him, though himselfe was taken in his stead and brought to Nottingham. Here, after he had bene some time kept, he corrupted a souldier, who disguiz'd and led him out, and went away with him. The man being a Frenchman and a proper black man, some would needes report him to be Prince Rupert, and thereupon rays'd a greate cla- mor at the governor. But before his escape, upon the fifteenth of January intelligence was brought that all the forces in Newark were marcht on a designe upon Sleeford in Lincolneshire. The governor not trusting that pre- tence, commanded all the souldiers and townsmen to silt up that night and expect them; and the next morning, being Tuesday, two of his intelligencers came and brought him word very early that the designe was against Nottingham. After them the horse scouts came in with the newes of their approach, the cnemie's scouts and they having fir'd upon each other. Hereupon a strong alarum was given throughout the garrison, and a foote company sent down from the castle to the workes, and the horse were there sett with them, to dispute the enemie's entrance into the towne ; but the horse per- ceiving the enemie's body to be a greate one, retreated to the castle, 180 and the foote seeing them gone, and none of the townsmen come forth to their assistance, made alsoe an" orderly retreate back to the castle, in which there was not a man lost nor wounded. Tlie workes being imperfect and quitted, were easily entered, though the cannon that play'd upon them from the castle tooke of wholly the second file of musketeers that enter'd the gates. The first was led up by Lieft. Coll. Cartwright, who two dayes before had sent to the go- vernor for a protection to come in and lay downe amies. The ene- mie being enter'd, possest themselves of St. Peter's Church and certeine houses neere the castle, from whence they shott into the castle-yard and wounded one man and killed another, which was all the hurt that Avas done our men that day. The governor was very angrie with the horse for comming up so suddenly, and stirr'd them up to such a generous shame, that they dismounted, and all tooke musketts to serve as foote, with which they did so very good service, that they exceeding well regain'd their reputations. Having taken foote amies, the governor sent one of his owne companies with part of them, and they beate the cava- liers out of the nearest lanes and houses, Avhich they had possest, and so made a safe way for the rest to sally out and retreate, as there should be occasion. When this was done, which was about noone, the governor sent out all the rest of the horse and foote, to beate them out of the towne. Sr. Charles Lucas, who was the chiefe commander of all the forces there, had prepar'd a letter to send up to the governor to demand of him the castle ; or if he would not deliver it, that then he should send downe the maior and aldermen, threat'ning that, if they came not immediately, he would sack and burne the towne. There were, at that time, above a thousand cavaliers in the towne, and as many in a bodie without the towne, to have beaten of Derby and Leicester forces, if they should have made any attempt to come in, lo the assistance of their friends in Nottingham. On the other side 181 the Trent, were all the forces Mr. Hastings could bringout, from his owne garrison and Belvoir and Wiverton, to force the bridges. All the cavalier forces, that were about the towne, were about three thousand. When Sr. Charles liUcas had written his letter, he could find none that would undertake to carrie it to the castle, whereupon they tookc the maior s wife, and, with threats, compclfd her to un- dertake it ; but iust as she went out of the house from them, she heard an outcrie, that " the roundheads were sallying forth," where- upon she flung downe their letter and ran away ; and they ran as fast, from foure hundred souldiers, who came furiously upon them out of the castle and surpriz'd them, while they were secure the castle would not have made so bold an attempt. But the governor's men chased them from streete to streete, till they had clear'd the towne of them, who runne away confusedly : the first that went out shott their pistolls into the thatcht houses to have fired them, but by the mercy of God neither that, nor other endeavours they shew'd to have fired the towne, as they were commanded, tooke effect. Be- tweene thirty and forty of them were kill'd in the streetes, fourscore were taken prisoners, and abundance of armes were gather'd up, which the men flung away in hast, as they run ; but they put some fire into a hay barne and hay mowes, and all other combustible things they could discerne in their hast, but by God's mercy the towne notwithstanding was preserv'd from burning. Their horse fac'd the towne in a vally where their reserve stood, while their foote marcht away, till towards evening, and then they all drew of. Many of them died in their returne, and were found dead in the woods and in the townes they past through. Many of them, dis- courag'd with this service, ran away, and many of their horses were quite spoyl'd : for two miles they left a greate track of blood, which froze as it fell upon the snow, for it was such bitter weather that the foote had waded allmost to the middle in snow as they came, and were so nummed with cold, when they came into the towne, that 182 they were faine to be rubbed to get life in them, and in that con- dition, Avere more eager of fires and warme meate then of phmder, which sav'd many men's goods, and their security, that did not be- lieve an enemie, who had unhandsomely, to speake truth, sufi'er'd them to enter the towne, without any dispute, Avould have durst, at such greate odds, to have sett upon driving them out. Indeed no one can believe, but those that saw that day, what a strange ebb and flow of courage and cowardize there was in both parties that day. The cavaliers marcht in with such terror to the garrison, and such gallantry, that they startled not when one of their leading files fell before them all at once, but marcht boldly over the dead bodies of their friends, under their enemies cannon, and carried such valli- ant dreadfullnesse about them, as made very couragious stout men recoyle. Our horse, who ranne away frighted at the sight of their foes, when they had brest-workes before them and the advantage of freshnesse, to beate back assaylants, allready vanquisht Avith the sharpnesse of the cold and a killing march, within three or four howers, as men that thought nothing too greate for them, returned fiercely upon the same men, after their refreshment, when they were enter'd into defensible houses. If it Avere a romance, one should say after the successe, that the heroes did it out of excesse of gal- lantry, that they might the better signalize their vallour, upon a foe Avho Avas not vanquisht to their hands by the inclemency of the sea- son : but Avee are relating Avonders of Providence, and must record this as such a one as is not to be conceiv'd, but by those Avho saw and shar'd in it ; it Avas indeed a greate instruction, that the best and highest courages are but the beames of the Almighty; and Avheu he Avithholds his influence, the brave turne cowards, feare unnerves the most mighty, makes the most generous base, and greate men to doe those things they blush to thinke on ; Avhen God againe in- spires, the fearefull and the feeble see no dangers, believe no dif- ficulties, and carry on attempts Avhose very thoughts Avould, at 183 another time, shiver their ioynts like agues. The events of this day humbled the pride of many of our stout men, and made them after more carefully seeke God, as well to inspire as prosper their vallour; and the governor's handsome reproaches of their fauhs, with shew- ing them the way to repaire, relriev'd their stragliug spiritts, and animated them to very wonderfuU and commendable actions. The governor would not let his men persue the reare, but thought they might, in the night, have compleated their dayes worke, if they had fallen into the enemie's quarters, which he gave orders to the horse to doe, but Coll. Thornhagh would not obey them, because they came from him, and so lost a greate opertunity, and contented himselfe with praysing God for the greate deliverance of the day, wherein there was not one townsman that came in to the assistance of the souldiers. The next day, the governor call'd the towne together, represented to them the mercy of God and the mallice of their enemies, who, without regard of any friends they had among them, came purposely to fire the towne, which God alone preserv'd, who having shew'd them their danger, requir'd they should be no longer slothfull in their owne defence, but to take amies to preserve their famelies and houses. He propounded to them, that if they would soe doe, they should chuse their owne captaines. They, considering the iust rea- sons and motives with which he urg'd them, at length resolv'd to ioyne in their owne defence and chose foure captaines; but the cap- taines refusing, the souldiers that day went home unlisted, yett by the governor's dexterity in managing them, he at last brought foure hundred, whereof more then half were high malignants, to list them- selves under one Mr. Coates, a minister, an honest godly man,' and ' It appears from this that Mr. Pahner, mentioned before, and who will be men- tion'd more than once in the sequel, was not quite singular in taking up arms notwith- standing his function. The famous preacher Hugh Peters, acted as an officer of 3D 184 Mr. Mason," an atturney, a greate caA^alier, but a reserv'd silent man, who, for an austere knitt of his brow, and a grave severe countenance, had the reputation of a wise man, but was knowne to be disaffected to the parhament, though cunning enough not to doe aniething that might expose him to sequestration. Into these men's hands he put armes, and so order'd them, that at the last they grew fiercer in the ser^dce then those who Avere uprightly honest. The next month the Lord Chaworth sent a letter to the governor, acquainting him that he was sick, and desir'd a protection to come and remain at his owne house, in order to making his peace Avith the parliament, which protection the governor gave him. The governor had acquainted the parliament with the late suc- cesse, whereupon they order'd a thousand pounds to be sent to the garrison out of the sequestrations of London, and the excise of the towne to goe to the payment of the garrison ; but through Mr. Mill- ington's negligent prosecution, the thousand pounds never came.' The governor went on againe successfully in his employment, and began to endeare himselfe to all the towne as well as the soul- diery, which awak'ning White's sleeping envie, he cast new plotts to disturbe him ; and first made a motion to send to London for two hundred souldiers : to Avhich the governor answer'd — If they were honest, there were men enough to keepe the garrison ; if they were not, to call in other forces was but to baite their treachery with a greater prize ; and that to send for more force, while they had so slender maintenance for these, was to encrease trouble Avith- out any benefitt. horse. It was in those days common to quote the expression, that the saints should have, the praises of God in tlieir mouths, and a two edged sword in their hands ! ^ The same whom, when put into confinement at the castle, the governor invited to his table. ' Mentioned by Whitelock as given 185 The same afternoone the committee sent the governor a warrant to he signed, which was before subscrib'd by foure of them, White in the front. The warrant was to this effect: To Mr. Hooper, Engineer of the Garrison of Nottingham. " You are hereby requir'd to make your present appear- " ance to this conmiitlee, there to give an account, what you have " done, about the workes of the towne, and how farre you have " proceeded in them ; how, and in what manner, and by what time " you intend to finish them ; and what materialls are needfull for " the finishing of them, there being imminent danger to the gar- Assoone as the governor receiv'd the warrant, he tooke the en- gineer with him, and Avent to the committee, to whom, sayd he, *' Gentlemen, I receiv'd iust noAV such a strange warrant from you, " that I can impute it to nothing, but a pick't occasion of quarrelL " If you desire to question aniething in the fortifying of the towne, *' I have not only brought the engineer, but am here myselfe to an- " swer it : if there be mony in his hands, let him give you an ac- " count of it ; but concerning the fortifications, I conceive he is " only to be accountable to me ; therefore why this warrant should "be made, I cannot tell, unlessc pvn'posely to affront me; as for " that imminent danger you pretend, it is utterly unknowne to me, " and if there be any, I ought to have been acquainted with it, and " desire now to understand it." They answer'd, " Were they not in " dayly perill ?" He replied, " That was certeine, but at this time " none more imminent then usually, that he knew of; and further " desir'd them, if he had bene negligent of those things, which con- " duc'd to the safety of the towne, that they would article against 186 " him, whatever they could accuse him of; if he had done nolhing " worthy of blame, he tooke it exceeding ill, to be thus thwarted " and aftVonted in his iust and lawfull command." Upon replies and debate, White sayd, " If Hooper did not render them an ac- " count of his workes, they would clap him by the heeles." Where- upon the governor, addressing to him only, told him, " That from " the first opening of his commission, he had manifested his dis- *' content, and that he had taken notice of his secret endeavours to " oppose, and was glad the humour was now so lipe as to vent it- " selfe ; that for the time to come, since he saw his condiscentions " did but encourage them to wrest all things from him, and to ques- " tion all his dues, he would now expect that full observance from " them all, that was due from the officers of a garrison to the go- "vernor; that he expected the horse should receive orders from " him, and that he would noe more put up such affionts and neglects " as he had that very day receiv'd, when calling for a muster of the " horse to have bene sent out upon a very advantageable designe, a " whole troope, unknowne to him, was, by the committee, sent out *' for hay, whereby that opertunity was lost ; he told them further, " protections charging officers and souldiers to forbeare plunder, " ought to be given only by him upon their certificate, and not " by them ; and," sayd he, " Gentlemen, I receiv'd that affront " from you lately, which no governor in the world, but myself, •' would have put up with ; when at a publick councell of warre, *' among all the officers, enough to have caus'd a mutinie, it was *' propounded how farre my command extended, and questioned " whither I could command horse in the garrison ? And all of you, " at a councell of warre, order'd the booty taken should be at the " disposal of the chiefe officer that went out ; so that if a corporall " went out, he must dispose the booty, which in all garrisons is the " governor's right to doe." While they were in this dispute, the lieftenant collonell came in, 187 and seconded his brother ; and after some smart disputes on both sides, they parted for that night. The next morning the committee sent for the governor, who coming to them, one of them drew a paper out of his pockett, and offer'd some propositions to tlie governor; which were, first, that tlie dispute betweene them might be silenc'd and kept private ; next, tliat he would iojaie with them, in a letter to Mr. Millington, to desire him to get the question decided by the close committee. What were the severall powers of a governor and a committee ? And, lastly, that he would draw up what he conceived his power to be. To this the governor replied, that for silencing the thing, he was very willing to doe it ; for sending to the close committee, he very well understood his owne power, and if they question'd it, they might send, whither they pleas'd, to satisfie themselves ; for setting downe the particulars, wherein he conceiv'd his power to consist, when he did aniething, which they thought belong'd not to him, let them call him to question where they pleas'd, and he should be ready to give an account of his actions, but he would not make himselfe so ridiculous, as to send for satisfaction in unquestionable things ; yet to inform them, if any of them pleas'd, he would goe allong with them, eitlier to my Lord of Essex, or my Lord Fairfax, to have the power of a governor decided. They told him the gene- rails understood not the power of a committee as the parliament, and therefore writt a letter to Mr. JSIillington with extraordinary commendations of the governor, yet desiring to know the extent of his power, and shew'd it to him. He told them, if they believ'd those things they writt of him, he Avondred whence all this discon- tent should arise, for he appeal'd to them all, whether, ever since he underlooke the government, he had usurp'd any command over them, or done so much as the least inconsiderable act Avithout acquainting them, and receiving their approbation ; and what should ayle them, he could not imagine, unless they were discon- 188 tented at his being made governor ; which if they were, they might thank themselves, who put it upon him, when he receiv'd nothing but trouble, expence, and danger in it. They all acknowledg'd his appeale true, and sayd they had desir'd his establishment in the government of the castle, as the man the}"" esteem'd most Avorthy of it and most fitt for it. He told them, if the addition of the towne griev'd them, that was to be transferr'd on the parliament, who without his seeking had added that to him. One of them replied, they had so worthy an opinion of him, that they wish'd the assessing of the country too might be only put into his power. He sayd he should have bene oblieg'd to them had this proceeded from aniething but discontent, and that if without his owne seeking he should be ho- nour'd with that trust, as he was with this, he should endeavour to discharge it faithfuU}^; but he rather desir'd it might continue in the hands it was, and if he were negligent to fetch in those assessments, which were given him, then let the blame lie on him ; but for rating and assessing the townes, those who were acquainted with the coun- try were fittest for it; and thus for the present it rested. The designe they prevented by sending out the troope unknowne to him was the saving the towne of Southwell from being made a garrison for the king ; which the towne being unwilling to, sent Avord to the governor, that if he Avould come and assist them, they Avould ioyne with him to beate out some souldiers that had intent to fortefie themseh^es there ; but the horse, by reason of their employ- ment, failing those two dayes, and extraordinary ill Aveather com- ming after, that opertunity Avas lost: this Avas about the middle of February. Captaine White continued still afterAvards to prevent all designes, Avhose events might any Avay have conduc'd to the gover- nor's honor, not Aveighing Avhat hinderance it Avas to tiie publick service, Avhich Avas a greate vexation to the governor; but his courage was above their mallice, and his zcale to the service carried him vigorously on, in all things Avhich he could accomj)lish by his 189 owne officers and souldiers, who were more obedient to him ; and, altliough this was the exercise of his patience, yet was it alsoe a spurre to his dihgencc, and made his fidelhty more ilhistrious, and kept him more in wailing upon God, and more strict in the Avatch over all his actions, because he knew how all his enemies watcht for his fall. Upon the eleventh of February, Cornett Palmer, who had bene prisoner at Newark, came home and told the governor that he had discover'd in his prison a designe intended about this time to sur- prize the bridge by Hacker's souldiers, who were to come in the habitt of markett people the next Saturday. This intelligence was seconded, Avhereupon the governor sent his officers to command all the bridge souldiers to keepe in their quarters that day: he com- manded alsoe all the horse in the towne to be ready to goe out upon the first sound of the trumpett, and gave orders for all the drums in the garrison to beate betimes in the morning ; the lieftenant collonell sett out a guard beyond the bridge, with charge strictly to examine all passengers. About eleven of the clock on Saturday, the 17th of February, they tooke twelve of them" upon the bridges, disguiz'd hke markett men and weomen, with pistolls, long knives, hatchetts, daggers, and greate pieces of iron about ihem, whereupon they sent and acquainted the governor, who being himselfe on horseback at the workes, went immediately downe to the bridge, and com- manded all the horse to come away and persue them, but the horse commanders, being allwayes slow in obeying his commands, came not tdl the enemie's foote beyond the bridge, perceiving their fel- lowes were taken upon the bridge, retir'd and gott safe of, only nine who were to have assassinated these at the bridge, and ad- vanct forwarder then the rest, for that purpose, were overtaken, and with their captaine leapt into the Trent, to have sav'd themselves, " Hacker's souldiers. 190 of whom our men pluckt foure out of the water, five were drown'd, and the captaine swom to shore on the other side. The governor was in doubt whether these men taken in disguizes were to be re- leased as prisoners of warre, or executed as spies and assassines by martiall law ; but thougli he had not card if the bridge-souldiers had turn'd them into the Trent when they tooke them, he afterwards releas'd them all upon exchange, except one Slater, a souldicr of his OAvne that had runne away to the enemie, and this day was taken coming into the towne, Avith a monutero " pull'd close about his face, but denied that he was of the designe ; yet after, upon triall at a court-martiall, he was condemn'd and executed. The governor had sent out some horse and foote, to drive the grounds at the enemie's garrison at Shclford, which they did, and from under the very workes from Avhich the enemie shott at them, brought away many beasts and horses, that belong'd to the garrison, and brought them up into the castle-yard. The governor being then in the committee chamber, told them it was fitt the souldiers should have a reward, whereupon it was order'd to give them six pounds, and the governor told the souldiers the committee had as- signed them a reward ; but when they came to receive it, Salisbury, the treasurer, tith'd it out, and gave the souldiers groates apiece, and sixpence apiece to the officers, which in all came but to forty shillings and odde money; which the souldiers, being madded at, flung back his mony, and desir'd a councell of warre, to doe them right; which the governor assented to, and the next day the busi- nesse being heard at a full councell of all the officers of the gar- rison, it was determin'd by the unanimous vote of all but Mr. Salis- bury, that in regard the enemie sliott at them, when they tooke the bootie, it did of right belong to the souldiers that fought for it, and so they had it ; whereupon Salisbury flung away from the board in " A kind of cap so called. 191 a greate hufte and muttering, for which the governor rebuk'd him, and told him such carriage ought not to be sufl'er'd in him, who, as an officer, ought to have more respect to the place and them that sate there. After this, about eighteen of the lieftenant collonell's men went out and mett twenty-five men in arms, betweene them there was a brooke, the bridge men call'd to them, and ask'd of what side they were, and perceiving they were cavaliers, told them, after some litde defies between them, that though the number was un- equal), they would fight with them: and passing over the brooke, charged them, put them to flight, kill'd tAvo of them, tooke eight prisoners and twelve of their horses. Upon examination they were found to be northerne gentlemen, who having listed themselves in the prince's o^vne troope, after the death of Sr. Thomas Biron that commanded under the prince, were assign'd to my Lord Wentworth, at which being discontented, they Avere now returning into their owne country, being allmost all of them gentlemen. Sir Richard Biron, for his brother's memory, exchang'd them for prisoners of Nottingham, taken Avhen the tOAvne was first surpriz'd. In the end of this month, on the fast day, the nationall covenant was taken, with a greate solemnit}', both by the souldiers and inha- bitants, men and women," of the garrison. This day, unexpect- edly, came Sr. Edward Hartup, with a thousand horse of Leicester and Derby, to which the governor added betweene five and six himdred, Sr. Edward being appoynted to command the party, should have gone wdth them to take Muscam Bridges, at NcAvark, before which place Sr. John Meldrum was now come, with about seven thousand men, and had lay'd siege to it. The horse of New- ark, assoone as the parliament's forces came, made an escape over Muscam Bridge, which Sr. Edward Hartup, having more mind to drinke then fight, lingring a day at Nottingham, and then raarch- • Nota bene. 2 E 192 ing to no purpose against it, lost his opertimity of taking ; yet God, by a providence, gave it up with 200 men that kept it. to the jiarliament's forces, wlio had they then persued their successe, they might have carried the towne too, but it was not God's time then to deUver the country of that pernitious enemie. The horse that were escaped out of Newark, went into all their garrisons in the Vale and Derbieshire, and gather'd up all the force they could make, to about the number of two thousand, and with these they came and (juarterYl neere Nottingham ; themselves and the countiy giving out that they were about four thousand. There Avas a fast kept at N(jttingham, to seeke God for his pre- sence with our armies, and before the first senuon was ended, the enemies horse came to the towne-side and gave a strong alarum, and continued facing the towne till night, at which time they re- turn'd to their quarters, and those horse that were in the gamson fol- lowing their reare, glean'd up two lieftenants and two or three other officers : the next day the body march'd iust by the towne-side, and so past over the river at Wilden Ferry. After they were gone from about Nottingham, the governor went downe to the Leager, at New- ark, where Sr. John Meldrum had made all things ready for a generall assault of the towne; but at a councell of warre that was caird in the field, it was determin'd that it should not then be, whereupon the governor of Nottingham returned to his garrison ; who comming to take his leave of Sr. John Meldrum, Sr. John en- treated him that he would returne againe and be among them as much as he could, making a sad complaint of the envyings, heart- burnings, and dissentions that were among the severall commanders, so that he had much adoe to hold them together, and had greate need, of men of moderation and prudence, to assist him, and to helpe to mediate among them. The forces that Sr. John Meldrum commanded before this towne, were gather'd out of severall associ- 193 ated counties, and the commanders so emulous of one anolher, and so refractory to commands, and so peeking in all punctillios of supe- riority, that it gall'd the poore old gentleman to the heart, who, having commanded abroad, and bene us'd to dealc with officers that understood the discipline of warre, Avas confounded among those who kncAV^ not how to obey any orders, but disputed all his commands, and lost their time and honor in a fruitlesse expedition, through their vaine contentions ; whereas had they ioyn'd in the assault, then when he would have made it, they might probably have carried the towne, but missing that opertunity, they came of at last with loss and dishonor. While the governor was at the Lea- guer, Sr. John Meldrum told him, that Coll, Pierrepont had bene with him, to get his hand to a paper, which should have testified, that the government of Nottingham did of right belong to him ; but Sr. John answer'd he could not testifie any such thing, for it was his owne act to conferre that government, where now it Avas; with which Coll. Pierrepont seem'd very well satisfied at that time. When he could not prevaile in this, he desired Sr. John to sett his hand to another paper, Avhich should have certified, that in all things he had approov'd himselfe most firme and faithfull to the service of the parliament. Sr. John said he Avould not iniure him so much as to make any such certificate, of a thing not call'd into question ; but if there should be any doubt of it, he should be ready to doe him all right. Coll. Pierrepont moreover went to the governor's souldiers, that had formerly bene of his regiment, and giving them twenty shillings to drinke, told them he Avas to be go- vernor of the toAvne, and would shortly come among them. Sr. EdAvard Hartup Avas sent Avith the party of horse he before had at Muscam bridge, to persue those that Avere gone out of New- ark, and fight Avith them and hinder their ioyning with Prince Ru- pert, Avho Avas expected to come to rayse the siege; and Avhen Sr.- EdAvard came into Leicestershire the Avhole country rose with him. 194 and the governor' of Leicester brought out foote and cannon to assist him. His forlorne hope being of the Nottingham hoise, charged the enemie's forlorne hope and routed them, and then fell into their body of foote, Avhich diey had drein'd out of their little garrisons, and routed them alsoe, and if Sr. Edward Hartup would have come on with his body, they had all bene cut off; but the knight would not stirre, but commanded the forlorne hope to re- treate, who had slaine and taken many prisoners of the enemic, and among them Jannnot, that had lately made his escape out of Not- tingham-castle. The enemie perceiving Sr. Edward would not hurt them, rallied againe and ioyn'd with Prince Rupert; of whom as- soone as Sr. Edward had intelligence, he Avent back to Newark witli such shamefull hast that he quitted Melton with all the pri- soners the forlorne hope had lately taken. The Leicester forces, discourag'd at this carnage, return'd to their garrisons and marcht no more with him.'' The governor of Nottingham kept out spies upon the enemie's motions, and sent word to the Leaguer, but the gentlemen there were so over-confident, they Avould not believe any force could come to rayse their siege. At length, the governor of Nottingham being there himselfe, word was brought Prince Rupert was come to Ashby, wherefore he, fearing some attempt upon liis garrison, to divert the forces at the siege, return'd home Avith his brother to looke to their charge. It was late upon Wednesday night Avhen the governor came home, and was certeinely inform'd that Prince Rupert Avas, that afternoone, marcht by to rayse the siege, with about six thousand f In Whitelock's memoirSj p. 85, there is an account of this relief, or raising the siege of Newark, agreeing with Mrs. Hutchinson's, except that it is not quite so parti- cular, and omits the account of what hcfel Col. Thornhagh. Whitelock attributes to the misconduct of Sir E. Hartup and Col. Bingley Prince Rupert's coming Avith his forces entire to the place, and informs us that a court martial was directed to decide . upon their conduct, but not what their decision was. 195 men. Immediately the governor sent tAVo men, excellent!}' well mounted upon his owne horses, to carry the alarum to Sr. John Meldrura, who by two of the clock on Thursday morning deliver'd him their letters, and he presently prepar'd to fight with the prince, who about nine or ten of the clock came. Sr. John had drawne all his ordnance into the walls of a ruin'd house, call'd the spittle, and the horse were first to charge the enemie. Coll. Thornhaffh and Maior Rossiter gave them a very brave charge, routed those whom they first encounter'd, and tooke prisoners Maior-generall Gerrard and others, and, had they bene seconded by the rest of the hors^, had utterly defeated the prince's army; but the Lincolneshire troopes fled away before they ever charged, and left Coll. Thornhagh en- gaged, with only his owne horse, in the prince's whole body, where, they say, he charged the prince himselfe, and made his way and pass'd very gallantly through the whole army, Avith a greate deale of honor, and tAvo desperate Avounds, one in the arme, the other in the bell3^ After the Lincolneshire horse Avere run aAvay, Sr. John Meldrum sent the Derby horse and the Nottingham foote, with tAvo companies of Coll. King's, to keepe Muscam bridge, and Molanus, the Derbieshire maior, to be their commander. Coll. Thornhagh was sent home in a Avaggon to Nottingham. Sr. John himselfe, Avith the fcAv horse and dragoones that AA'ere left of Nottingham and Derby, being about five hundred, Avent into the spittle to his foote.. The prince lost more then Sr. John in the skirmish, hut assoone as- ever Sr. John had betaken himselfe to the spittle, the prince sent horse and foote betAveene him and Muscam brido-e.'^ The horse that Avere left there to guard the foote ran every man away, so that they had not a horse left to fetch them any provision. The maior 1 Rapin gives a different account of tliis matter, Lut to those who know or observe the situation of the pkices, Mrs. Hutchinson's will appear to be the true one. Besides Muscam bridge there was a bridge of boats, which enabled the prince's forces to sur- round the guard left at Muscam bridge: this guard^ instead o^ deserting, as Rapia 196 that commanded tliem told them that he would goe to the next towne to buy them some bread, and Avith that pretence came away and never saw them more. The enemie was endeavouring to make a passage over the river, to come on the other side of them and encompasse them, Avhich when they saw and consider'd, that they had no order what to doe, nor bread for one meale, nor bullett more then their musketts were loaded withall, and that it was impossible for them to come of, if they stay'd till the enemie enclos'd them, and further discovering that their friends in the spittle were in parlee, they conceiv'd it their best way to come home, which they plotted so to doe tliat the enemie might not perceive it till they were out of their reach; so leaving lighted matches and squibbs, layd at cer- teine distances, to deceive the enemie, they came safe home; but within lesse than half an howr after they were gone the enemie came on the other side, and not missing them till morning, by reason of the squibbs, they pcrsued them not, by which meanes they came safe to Nottingham; which was a very seasonable mercy, for had they stay'd the choycest arms in the garrison had bene lost, and the best and most confiding souldiers disarm'd: for Sr. John agreed upon articles with the prince, to deliver up the spittle Avherein he lay, Avith all the musketts, ordinance, and ammunition, in it; the foote souldiers to march away with colours flying, swords and pikes, the horsemen with their horse and swords, and all the com- manders with their pistolls: but the prince broke all these condi- tions, and pillaged them to their shirts, and sent many captaines quite naked away. The committee of Nottingham now began againe to mutter at the governor, but he would not take notice of it, but applied himselfe says of it, was deserted and sacrificed for want of support : the road still lay open to Lincoln, but probably Prince Rupert was too strong and too active to let the besiegers escape any w;iy unless they had acted with better accord amongst each other. 197 to take care for the securing of his towne, where the eneniie now dayly threat'iied to come. So he floted the medowes on the Line side, where there was no fortification, and raj's'd a fort in the middst of the medowes, to preserve the flote, and fortified the Trent bridges more strongly, and, expecting the enemie every hower, was forc'd to let the worke goe on all the Lord's day. When, calling the cap- taines together, to consult the best way of preparing for their de- fence, Mason, the new towne captaine, tooke this time to revive the old mutiny, and said the townsmen Avould not stand to their workes except the ordinance Avere drawne downe from the castle to the towne Avorkes: the governor rebukin"' him for this unseasonable insolence, he and his men were, all the time of this greate exigence, so backward that they were rather an obstruction then assistance, and there was much adoe to get them either to the workes or the guards. Indeed such a blow was given to the parliament interest, in all these parts, that it might well discourage the ill-aifected, when even the most zealous were cast downe and gave all for lost: but the governor, who in no occasion ever lett his courage fall, but, when things were at the lowest, recollected all his force, that his owne despondency might not contribute aniething to his mallicious fortune, at this time animated all the honest men, and expresst such vigor and cheerefullnesse, and such stedfast resolution, as disap- poynted all the mallignants of their hopes. The wives, children, and servants, of such as were in the enemie's garrisons and armies, he thought it not safe to suffer any longer in the towne, in such a time of danger, and therefore commanded diem all to depart, not sparing even some of his owne relations; but though this was done by the concuiTence of the Avhole conmiittee, yet some of them, who were loath the towne should loose any that wisht ill to the governor and his undertakings, privately, without his consent or knowledge, brought back severall persons that Avcre verj^ dangerous to the place. 198 And now, upon the twenty-fifth day of ]\Iarch, a letter was brought to the governor fi-om all the commissioners at Newark, telling him that the parliament's forces had quitt Gainsborough, Lincohie, and Sleeforth, and that the prince intended to advance against Nottingham, and to fire the towne, if he did not immedi- ately throw downe the Avorkes, which if he should not doe, the world would then take notice of him as the only ruine of his native country. To which the governor return'd them answer, that as he never engag'd himselfe in this service, with respect to the successe or actions of other places, so though the whole kingdome were quitt besides this towne, yet he would maintaine it so long as he was able, and he trusted that God would preserve it in his hands; but if it perish'd, he was resolv'd to bury himselfe in the ruiiies of it, beino- confident that God would after vindicate him to have been a defender, and not a destroj'cr of his country. The copie of the letter which the Newark commissioners sent to the governor, Avas sent to one Francis Cooke, a niallignant inhabitant of the towne, silbscribed with all the commissioners hands, and desiring him to communicate it to the whole towne. The governor having taken what care he could at home, sent immediately to the parliament and to the Earle of Essex, acquainting them with the desperate con- dition of the place, and desiring they would send him seasonable reliefe, if the prince should besiege him, promising to employ his iilmost endeavor to hold it for them, or to loose himselfe with it. My lord generall return'd a very civill encouraging letter, and now the prince, two dayes after the letter, was advanc'd within three miles of Nottingham, Avhen it pleas'd God to divert him from com- ing against the tow.ne by letters which were brought him from Ox- ford, which occasion'd his hasty returne into "the south, without any attempt upon the place, which by God's mercy was thus deliver'd from this threatning danger. However their enemies at Newark, by the late successe, were very much exalted, and by the quitting of so 199 many parliament garrisons about them, encreas'd in power, and left at leizure to turne all their designes against Nottingham, which being so infirme within itselfe, the governor had a very difficult taske to preserve it, while the disaffected, who were subtile, did not clearely declare themselves, but watcht all opertunities to worke the governor's disturbance, by fomenting the ill humors of the factious committee men and priests; for they now tooke occasion to fall in with them, upon the governor's release of his chiefe cannoneers out of prison, into which he, by the instigation of the ministers and the godly people, whom they animated allmost to mutiny, had put them, for separating from the publick worship, and keeping little conventicles in their owne chamber. It was with some reluctancy he had committed them, for the men, though of different iudgements in matter of worship, were otherwise honest, peaceable, and very zealous and faithfuU to the cause; but the ministers were so unable to suffer their separation and spreading of their opinions, that the governor was forc'd to commit them; yet when this greate danger was, he thought it not prudent to keepe them discontented and then employ them, and therefore sett them at liberty, for which there was a greate outcry against him as a favourer of separatists/ ' This being the first time that a disunion in religion among those of the parlia- ment's party has been plainly named, it is proper liere to state, that in the outset all those sects, which have since taken so many various names, joined their forces to repel the encroachments of the Prelates, — it would not be fair to say of the Church of England, whose characteristic is moderation itself, — but when they had almost crushed the Episcopalians, the Presliyterian ministers began to rise pre-eminent in power, and to shew that though they had changed the name, they by no means in- tended to diminish the dominion of the hierarchy. There are preserved in Whitelock two speeches, one of his own and one of Selden's, on this subject. To resist this usurpation there arose a very powerful party or faction under the name of Independ- ents, under whose banner enlisted all who desired liberty of conscience, of whatever particular persuasion they might be; and, amongst others, most naturally all such a* wished to see the Church of England restored to her purity, and redeemed from her 2 F 200 It will not be amisse, in this place, to carry on the parliament story, that we may the better iudge things at home, when we know the condition of affaires abroad. The queene, being suffer'd to passe through Nottinghamshire by those forces Avhich were sent downe thilher to have prevented her, ioyn'd with Prince Rupert and came to the king, and was by the parliament voted traitor for many actions, as pawning the crown iewells in Holland, en- servility and subsen-iency to the usurpations of the crown ; but whose hopes would have been totally destroyed if Presbytery obtained a full and firm establishment. It is extraordinary that almost all the historians put the cause for the effect, and suggest that many members of the parliament, and at the head of them Cromwell, raised this faction to obtain their own exaltation ; whereas i;itolerancy raised it in the nation at large, and especially in the army, and Cromwell availed himself of it when raised. — In a scarce book, called Anglia Rediviva, or the Success of the army under Fairfax, written by Joshua Sprigge, he says, " the army was, what by example and justice, " kept in good order both respectively to itself and the country: there were many of " them differing in opinion, yet not in action nor business; they all agreed to preserve "the kingdom; they prospered in their unity more than uniformity, and whatever " their opinions were, they plundered none with them, they betrayed none with them, " nor disobeyed the state with them, and they were more visibly pious and peaceable " in their opinions than many we call orthodox." Let the blame of all the misfortunes that flowed from it rest with those who gave disturbance to such men, not to those who screened them from persecution. The chief of these cannoneers was that Lawrence Colin mentioned in a former note, page 112. He continued at Nottingham after all the wars were over, but being persecuted on account of his religion, applied to Cromwell for protection, and was effectually screened by him from his persecutors; he lived to more than ninety years; his descendants rose to opulence, and one of them founded a very handsome hospital. This family united themselves to that of Langford, and both being molested on the score of nonconformity, were peculiarly protected by James the Second, and stood stedfastly by him at the revolution, at which time he got many sectaries to join the catholics, and make common cause against the church of England. By this turn of events and opinions Langford Colin, Esq. before mentioned came to be the head of the country, Jacobite, or anti-revolutionist party, while the Plumptrcs and Hutchin- sons embraced the Hanover or Whig party, as mentioned in the note, page 112, just spoken of. 201 couraging the rebellion in Ireland, heading a papisticall armie in England, &c. The Earle of Essex his armie lay sick about London for recruits; Sr. William Waller, after many victories in the west, was at length totally routed, and returned to London, Piince Maurice and Sr. Ralph Hopton having recovcr'd and possesst allmost the whole west of England for the king. The north my lord Newcastle's armie commanded so fully, that they were advanct into Nottingham and Lincolneshire, and the adiacent counties. The parliament, being in this low condition, had agreed with Scotland, and enter'd into a solcmne nationall league and covenant, Avhich Avas taken throughout both kingdomes, and the king had made a cessation of armes with the Irish rebells, and brought over the English armie, that had bene honor'd with so many successes against them, to serve him here; but God never blest his affaires after they came to him, ' though indeed before their arrivall God had begun to turne the scale; for the citie of Gloucester stopping, by its faithfull and valliant resist- ance, the carreere of the king's victories, after Bristoll and Exeter and all the west was lost, the king, disdaining to leave it behind him unvanquisht, sate downe before it, which employ 'd him and * The parliament and the king seem to have been equally injudicious in seeking resources from without. Rapin says " the Presbyterians seized the occasion which was " offered them of establishing their system of uniformity, and that it increased the " number of the king's friends ;" had he not, through partiality to his sect, withheld a part of the truth, he woidd have said that, in pursuit of their system of intolerance, they divided the parliament and the friends of liberty, exasperated the army, and having forced them to try their strength against them, caused the subjugation of themselves, and the ruin of their whole cause and party. So much for the league and covenant. The king, by seeking the assistance of the Irish in a manner so injurious to the true interest of England, blemished his own fame, hurt his cause, ruined his partizans in both countries, and indeed the Irish nation in general, which has never recovered from the depopulation which took place in consequence of those convulsions. 202 his whole arrnie, till the Earle of Essex and his recruited armie, assisted with the London auxiliaries, came and reliev'd it, and per- sued the king's armie to an engagement at Newberry, where the parliament obtein'd a greate and bloody victory, and the king for ever lost that opertunity he lately had of marching up to London, and in probabillity of subduing the parliament. My lord New- castle, by a like error, about the same time, setting downe before Hull, mist the opertunity of wholly gaining all those neighbouring- counties, and much wasted his greate and victorious army, being forc'd to rise with losse and dishonor from the unyielding towne. After the fight at Newberry Sr. William Waller, having gotten a new " armie, had divers successes with it, and at length totally routed all Hopton's armie, about that time that Prince Rupert rays'd the siege at Newark, and Avas the occasion that call'd the prince so hastily out of those counties. The Earle of Essex persuing the warre, had a designe to block up Oxford, Avhere the king was, and accordingly attempted it, he ^.^^ on one side, and Waller on the other; but the king, with a few light horse, escaped out of the towne, and went to ioyne with his greater armies, which being done, Essex marcht farther into the west, and in Cornwall was besieg'd, where he lost all his foote, am-, munition, and ordinance, and came dishonorably home to London. Waller unsuccessefully folio w'd the king, and tiie parliament's af- faires, all that summer, were very unprosperous in the west, south, and midland counties, but contrary in the north, where the Scotch armie, under Generall Leven, advanc'd, tooke some townes and forts, and wasted the Earle of Newcastle's armie more by their pa- tient sufferance of the ill weather and martiall toyle, Avhich the English could not so well abide, then by fighting. Sr. Thomas Fairfax, having againe taken the field with his father, after a mira- culous victory they had gain'd over the Irish army which the king 203 had brought over, ioyn'd the Scots; ' and the Earle of Manchester, having rays'd a force in the associated counties, with which he made an expedition to Lincohie, having Colh Cromwell for his heftenant- generall, marcht into Yorkshire, and uniting with the other two armies, they all besieg'd the Earle of Newcastle in Yorke. To rayse this siege. Prince Rupert came Avith a greate armie out of the south; the besiegers rise to fight with the prince, and Newcastle drew all his force out of Yorke to ioyne with him, Avhen both armies, on a greate plaine call'd Marston Moor, had a bloody encounter, and the Scotts and my lord Fairfax were wholly routed, and the battle lost, but that Cromwell, with five thousand men which he commanded, routed Prince Rupert, restor'd the other routed parliamentarians, and gain'd the most compleate victory that had bene obtein'd in the whole warre." The victors possesst all the prince's ordinance, car- riages, and baggage; whereupon the prince fled, with as many as he could save, back into the south; the Earle of NcAVcastle, with some of his choyce friends, went into Germany, and left Sr. Thomas Glenham governor of Yorke, which he soone after surrender'd, and then the three generalls parted; Leven went back into the north and tooke the towne of Newcastle, Fairfax remain'd in Yorkshire, and Manchester return'd into the south, by the way taking in many small garrisons as he past through the counties. The queene that summer went into France, to sollicite forreigne ayd for her husband, but uneffectually; meanewhile new treaties were carried on betweene the king and parliament, but to no pur- • Commanded by Sir John Biron, or Lord Biron, near Namptwich in Cheshire. " There are very various and discordant accounts given of this battle, so that Rapin says he could neither satisfy himself nor his readers with them: that given by Whitelock is however pretty clear, and agrees with this of Mrs. Hutchinson, in as- cribing the success principally to Cromwell; and as Mrs. Hutchinson was by no means partial to Cromwell, nor does Whitelock upon the whole seem so, we may better believe them than Hollis, who writes a philippic rather than a history. 20i pose; for the king's false dealing and disingenuity therein was so apparent that they came to nothing, but a further discovery of the king's falsehood, and favour of the Irish rebells, with whom he had now employ 'd Ormond to treate and conclude a peace. This treaty was that at Uxbridge, where commissioners mett on both sides, but effected nothing; for the parliament itselfe began to grow into two apparent factions of Presbyterians and Independents, and the king had hope, by their de visions, to prevaile for the accomplishment of his owne ends/ It was too apparent how much the whole parliament cause had bene often hazarded, how many opertunities of finishing the warre had bene overslipt by the Earle of Essex his armie, and believ'd that he himselfe, with his commanders, rather endeavour'd to be- come arbiters of warre and peace, then conquerors for the parlia- ment; for it was knowne that he had given out such expressions: wherefore those in the parliament, who were griev'd at the preiudice of the publick interest, and loath to bring those men to publick shame, who had once well merited of them, deviz'd to new model the armie, and an ordinance was made, call'd the self-denying ordi- nance, whereby all members of parliament, of both houses, were discharg'd of their commands in the armie. Cromwell had a par- ticular exception, when Essex, Manchester, and Denbigh, surren- der'd their commissions, and Sr. Thomas Fairfax was made generall of the new-modelFd armie, Cromwell lieftenant-generall, and Skippon maior-generall. The armie was reduc'd to twenty-one thousand, who prosecuted the warre not with designe of gaine and making it their trade, but to obteine a righteous peace and settlement to the distracted kingdome, and accordingly it succeeded in their hands.'' " Whoever will take the pains to read the king's letters in Clarendon's State Papers will see that this is a true representation of his sentiments. y It is suggested by Rapin and others that this new model and self-denying ordi- nance arose not from the motives here set down, but merely from intrigue; yet White- 205 To retume to Nottingham, after the prince was marcht away out of the country, the enemie without was still designing against the garrison, and the governor's enemies within were still perplexing all his affaires. Upon the eleventh of May, a letter was found by a wench in the night-time, dropt in the shoemaker's booths ; Avhich letter was directed to Sr. Richard Biron, informing him that " the " businesse betweene them went on with good successe, and that " the time drawing on, it behoov'd him to be very dilligent, and " desiring him to burne the letter;" which was subscrib'd, " Your " carefull servant A. C. ;" and a postscript written, " Faile nothing " by any means, and there shall be no neglect in me." The gover- nor tooke all courses that could be imagin'd to discover this person, but could never find him out. About this time some troopers going by a house, where one Henry Wandall, a debosht mallignant apo- thecary had liv'd, (but the house was now empty, and he had the key of it) ; they perceiv'd a smoke to come out of it, and went in and found some kindled sticks, laid in a potsherd, iust by a rotten post, under the stair-case, with hurds and other combustible things lock, who even spoke against it, p. 1G3, sliews the indispensible necessity for such a new model. "Some memheis of the house were sent to their generals to complain of " their remissness. Tlie Earle of Mancliester was under a kind of accusation, the lord " general in discontent. Waller not much otherwise, the forces not carefully ordered, " and the parliament business in an unsettled condition, so that it was high time for " some other course to be taken by them." Mr. Sprigge demonstrates this more fully. He says, "■ Cromwell was absent in the west when the exemption was voted ; that he " had come to V\'indsor over night to kiss the general's hand and take his leave on quit- " ting the service, but the following morning, ere he came forth of his chamber, those " commands, than which he thought of nothing less in all the world, came to him from " the committee of bctli kingdoms, in obedience to which he immediately marcht " away." And further, " that the house did this for their own happiness and that of *' their general Fairfax." Mrs. Hutchinson was sufficiently observant of Cromwell's artifices to have accused him of it on this occasion, if he had deserved it. 206 about it, which it was evident were put there to fire the house, but for what reason, or by whom, was not discover 'd. The governor hearing of some troopes of the enemie in the Vale, had a design to goe thither, and acquainted the committee with it ; telhno- them he would take out all the horse, and himselfe march wdth the body, and leave a foote companie and thirty horse behind him at the bridges, so as by that time he was marcht by Wiverton, Avhich would give Shelford the alarum, the thirty horse, which were more then Shelford had to send out, should face the liouse on that side next Nottingham, and the foote should march a private way through the closings," so that if Shelford horse or foote should come forth against those thirty horse, the foote might get betweene them and home, or take any advantage that was offer'd. All this the committee very well approved, and so it was resolv'd to put it in ex- ecution the next night after, because it would take some time to provide horses for the musketeers. The governor coming out of the committee, met Capt. White upon the parade in the castle-yard, and acquainted him with the designe, Avho, with a delected coun- tenance and a faynt voyce, pretended to approove it, but desired the thirty horse who were to stay some howers behind, might be of his troope ; to which the governor assented to gratifie his desire, though he told him, he was very loath to spare any of that troope, who were old souldiers and well accpiainted with the country ; but he desir'd him the rest might not faile to be ready. The captaine promis'd they should, and so departed. When the governor had made ready all the horse and dragoones, and was himselfe iust ready to march out with them, being at Coll. Thornhagh^s house. White came in ; the governor, not doubting of his intention to goe, ask'd him if his troope were ready ? He replied, " They were out upon " service ; thirty," said he, " are gone by your consent, and the rest " Closings, closes, fields, vulg. Notts, closen. 207 " went to fetch in a mallignant at Ekering, some few odde ones re- " maine, which you may have if you will." The governor desir'd him to goe himselfe and assist him, the captaine desir'd to be ex- cus'd, for " to what purpose should he goe when his troopc was not " there ?" The governor went from thence to his owne lodgings, and meeting the committee, acquainted them how White had serv'd him, who seem'd to resent it very ill at that time ; and while they were discoursing of it, White's officer came up Avith warrants to be sign'd for hay for the quarters, which being offer'd the governor, he tore, and say'd he would signe no warrants for such a disorderly troope, as would doe no service but what they list, whose officers knew nei- ther how to give nor obey commands. Notwithstanding this discouragement, to want eighty of his best men, the governor went out wilh the rest, and when he had drawne them into the Trent Lanes, one of his spies came in with intelligence that at a towne in the Vale, call'd Sierston, and another next it, qall'd Elston, there was two hundred horse quarter'd, who being come in weary and secure, might easily be surpriz'd that night. The governor, calling the captaines together, imparted the intel- ligence, and they were all forward to goe on in the designe, except Captaine Pendock, who perswaded much against it ; but while they were discoursing another intelligencer came in, to second the former, whereupon the governor told the captaines, that if they would goe, he was resolv'd to do something that night, and because Captaine Pendock was best acquainted with that side of the country, he ap- poynted him to lead on the forlorne hope, which accordingly he did, but with such sloth and muttering, that in two or three miles riding, the governor was forc'd to send up some officers to him, to hasten him on ; neither was this from cowardize, but only humour and fac- tion, for the man was stout enough when he had a mind to it, but now he rid allong, muttering that it was to no purpose, and when he came to Saxondale Gorse, })urposely lost himselfe and his for- 0. c. 208 lorne hope ; Avhich the governor missing, was much troubled, fear- ing that by some misadventure they might have bene enclos'd and cutt of betweene the enemie's garrisons ; but Avhen they came to Saxondale Lane, Pendock and his forlorne hope Avere found safe in the reare of the body. The governor, perceiving Pendock's back- Avardnesse, had sent out some parties, one troope under Captaine Lieftenant Pahner, and another partie with Cornett Peirson, to some neere townes, to execute some of the committee's warrants, in fetchino- in dehnquents, when the cornett came back Avith an alarum thai two or three hundred horse Avere quarter'd at Elston and Sier- ston, Avhich he must either fight Avith or retreate. Capt. Pendock was againe AvonderfuU unwilling to goe on, and say'd it Avould be day before they should come there ; but the governor bade those that Avould, follow him, for he Avould goe, and accordingly he Avent; and Avhen he came to the towne, drew up his men at the tOAvne's end in a body, from Avhich he sent in some parties, to fall into the towne, himselfe staying Avith the body betweene them and NcAvark, to defend them from any of the enemies that might have come upon them:'' so they brought out tAVO captaine-lieftenants, some cornetts, and other gentlemen of quallity, thirty troopers and many more horses and amies ; Captaine Thimbleby absolutely refusing quarter was kill'd. The governor sent into the towne to command all his men immediately away ; but a lieftenant and cornett making not hast to obey, Avhile they stay'd for some drinke, were surpriz'd by a party that came from Newark, before the corporall the governor had sent to fetch them of, Avas Avell out of the toAvne; but Avith those he had taken, and all the booty, and many horses and beasts fetcht y Whoever looks upon-the map, and observes the vicinity of these places to New- ark, and their great distance from Nottingham, will see it to have been a service of great delicacy and danger. It is mentioned cursorily by Whitelock, page 89; had it been Sir John Geil, we should have had it better displayed. 209 from mallignants in the enemies quarters, the governor came safe home, to the greale discontent of Captaine White, who was some- thing out of countenance at it. Tiiis may serve, instead of many more, to shew how hard a task he had to carric on the service, with such refractory mahitious persons under him. About this time it liapned, that the engineer being by, Captaine Pendock tooke occasion to raile at the towne-workes, and Hooper making answers, which drew on rephes, Pendock strooke him, whereupon the man angrie lay'd his hand upon his sword and halfe drew it out, but thrust it in againe ; the maid ran affrighted into the kitchen, where was one Henry Wandah, who presently call'd some musketeers, disarm'd Mr. Hooper, and sent him prisoner to the governor; who asking him upon what account he came so, he told him he had no reason to accuse himself; if those that sent him had aniething against him, he Avas readie to answer it. After the governor had expected 'till about midnight and nothing came, he sent for Wandall, and enquiring why and by Avhose authority he committed Mr. Hooper prisoner ? He answered, " for drawing his " sword, he, as an officer of the garrison, had sent him up." The governor asked who made him an officer .'' and taking it upon him, why he did not send up both parties, but only one in a quarrell .'' and he being able to give no answer, but such as sliew'd it was done out of mallice, the governor committed him for his insolency, who being but a common souldier, presum'd to make an officer prisoner, without rendering an account to the governor, and lett the other engag'd in the quarrell go free. The next day after this, Plumtre came to the Trent bridges, where being stopt, he sent up a passe which he had procur'd him from my lord generall, to come and stay in the towne during his owne pleasure ; which when the governor saw, he sent him word, that in regard of my lord general's passe he might stay at his owne house, but bade him take heed, as he Avould answer it, that he meddled not to make any mutinie or commotion no in the garrison : to which he sent an insolent rephe, that he was olad the ffovcrnor was taught manners ; lie was come to towne for some businesse, and when he had occasion he would repaire to the committee. The committee, hearing this, were very sensible of his insolent carriage, and drew up articles against him, which Avere sign'd with six of their hands, and sent up to Mr. Millington to be pieferr'd against him, in the house of parliament, and to be shew'd to my lord generall, as the lieftenant-collonell should see occasion, whom the governor sent immediatety to the generall, to acquaint him the reason why Dr. Plumtre had bene forc'd to procure his passe for his protection. The governor tooke this occasion to send to the generall about his cannoneers, whom some dayes before he had bene forc'd to confine as prisoners to their chamber 'till the generall's pleasure could be known concerning them, for at the instigation of Captaine Palmer, all the ministers in towne, and, to make the crie the louder, certeine loose mallignant priests, which they had gotten to ioync with them, had most violently urg'd, in a petition to the committee, that these men might be turn'd out of the towne for being separatists ; so that the governor was forc'd, against his will, to confine them, to prevent mutiny, though they were otherwise honest, obedient, and peacefull. After the lieftenant-collonell was gone, with letters concerning these matters, to the generall, Plumtre behav'd himselfe most insolently and mutinously, and he and Mason entering into confederacy, had contriv'd some articles against the governor, for committing Wandall ; but Avlien they tried and found they could do no good with them. Mason came to the governor and was most sawcily importunate for his release, Avhich, by reason of the insolent manner of seeking it, the governor Avould not grant. Tlie generall, upon the governor's letters, sent down a letter to Plumtre, to discharge him the gamson, and another to the governor to release the cannoneers ; which he accordingly did, to the satis- faction of his owne conscience, Avhich Avas not satisfied in keeping 211 men prisoners for llieir consciences, so long as they liv'd honestly and inoft'ensively ; but it caus'd a greate mutinie in the priests against him, and they blew up as many of their people as they could, to ioyne in faction against the governor, not caring now what men they enter'd into confederacy wiih, nor how disaffected to the cause, so they were but bitter enough against the separatists ; which the cunning mallignants perceiving, they now all became zea- lotts, and laught in secrett, to see how they wrought these men to mine their owne cause and champions. Plumtre not taking notice of the generall's letters, the governor sent him word he expected he should obey them and depart: Plum- tre replied, his business was done, and he would goe; but in spight of his teeth he would have a guard. The lieftenant-coUonell would have put in the articles into the parliament, which the committee had sent up against Plumtre ; but Mr. Millington pretending all kindnesse and service to the governor, would needs undertake it, and desired the lieftenant-collonell to trouble none of the governor's friends, in any business he had to doe, but to leave it in his hands, who would employ all his powers, and serve him with all vigilance and faidifullnesse, against all persons Avhatsoever ; and whereas he heard the governor had some thoughts of coming to London, he wisht him not to trouble himselfe, but to charge him with aniething he had to doe. Notwithstanding all this, the governor went to London, having some occasions thither. A little before his going, he and the rest of the committee had requir'd Mr. Salisbur}^ their treasurer, to give in his accounts, which he either unwilling or un- able to do, bent his utmost endeavours to rayse a high mutiny and faction against the governor, and Capt. White was never backward in any mischiefe ; these, with Plumtre and Mason, made a close confederac}^ and call'd home Chadwick to their assistance, having engag'd the persecuting priests and all their idolaters, upon an in- sinuation of the governors favour to separatists. During Collonell 212 Thornliagh's sickncsse, the governor undertooke the command of his horse regiment, while it quarter'd in the garrison, and made the men live orderly, and march out upon designes more frequently then they us'd to doe when their collonell was well, upon whose easinesse they prevail'd to do what they list, and some of them, who were greate plunderers, were conniv'd at, which the governor would by no means suffer : Avhefefore these men were, by the insinuations of tlieir officers and the wicked part of the committee, drawne into the faction, which was Avorking in secrett a while, and at last broke into open prosecutions. They had determin'd that assoone as the governor was gone. White, the devil's exquisite sollicitor, should alsoe follow to London, but knew not how to doe for a pretence to send him upon the publick purse ; when wickednesse, Avhich never Avants long the opportunity it waits for, found one soone out, for the committee of both kingdomes had sent a command for all the horse in Nottingham, to repaire to Sr. John Meldrum in Lanca- shii'e; the towne was putt upon a hasty petition that their horse might not goe, and Capt. White must carrie it, who pretends to have knowne nothing of it halfe an hower before, yet he was ready; and Dr. Plumtre too prepar'd to make good his brags, and goe Avith his convoy. Presently after he was gone, the engine of mischiefe comes to towne, Coll. Chadwick, Avhom Mr. Salisbury receives Avith greate ioy and exultance, boasting, to use his OAvne Avords, that they should noAV mump the governor. At the maior of the town's house, he Avas entertein'd with much Avine, Avhereof Mr. Ayscough, a committee man, having taken a pretty large proportion, coming that night to supper to the castle, told the lieftenant-collonell and the governor's Avife, that he Avould advise them to acquaint the go- vernor, there was mischiefe hatching against him, and that Chad- wick Avas come to tOAvne, on purpose to effect it, Avhich though the felloAv discover'd in his drinke, Avas true enough, and he himselfe was one of the conspiring Avicked ones. 213 To fortifie their party, in all hast, they endeavour'd to rayse a new troope of dragoones, under one Will Hall, a debosht mallig- nant fellow, and thereupon one of the governor's mortall enemies ; but some of the honester townsmen perceiving the designe, and not yet being seduc'd, would not rayse him any horse, so at that season the troope was not rays'd. And now Caplaine White came home, when it was observ'd that after his returne, he would not allow the governor that name, but only call'd him Coll. IJutchinson, and when any one elce term'd him governor, would decline the acknowledgment of that name : then caiolling his fellow horse officers and the troopers, they, through his insinuations, everywhere began to detract from the governor, and to magnifie Capt. White, and not only to derogate from the gover- nor, but from all persons that Avere affected to him. Now Avas there a petition draAvne up to be presented to the committee of both kingdoms, desiring that Mr. Millington might be sent downe to compose the differences which Avere in the garrison. The lieftenant- collonell, and some others, refusing to signe it, Capt. White told them it Avas a pretence, Avhich Mr. Millington desir'd the favour of them, that they would make, to obteine leave for him to come doAvne and visitt his wife and children, Avhom he had a lonoins: desire to see, and kncAv not any other Avay to bring it about. The gentlemen to gratify Mr. Millington sign'd it, and he himselfe at London, Avith the same pretext, obtain'd the governor's hand to it, Avhile the governor, deceiv'd by his high and faire professions of ser- vice and kindnesse to him, never , entertain'd any suspition of his integrity; and this Avas the greatest of the governor's defects, through the candidnesse and sincerity of his OAvne nature, he Avas more un- suspitious of others, and more credulous of faire pretenders, then suited Avilh so greate a prudence, as he testified in all things elce. Nothing awak'ned iealousie in him but grosse flattery, Avhich, Avhcn he saw any one so servile as to make, he believ'd the soule that 214 could descend to that basenesse, might be capable of falsehood , but those who were cunning, attempted him not that way, but put on a face of faire, honest, plaine friendship, with Avhich he was a few times, but not often in his life, betrey'd. At Mr. Millington's entreaty the governor releas'd Wandall, but would have prosecuted tlie committee's petition against Plumtre, which Mr. Millington most earnestly perswaded him not to doe, but desir'd that he Avould permitt him to come and live quietly in his owne house, upon en- gagement, that he should not rayse nor foment any mutiny nor fac- tion in the garrison, or intermeddle Avith any of the affaires thereof. The governor was easily wrought to assent to this alsoe, but Plumtre refus'd to enter into such an engagement to quiet behaviour, and so, for that time, came not to Towne. There was againe a new de- signe against the garrison by the enemie discover'd, and a spie taken, who own'd a souldier in the maior's companie that liad listed himself on purpose to effect his mischiefc; but through carelesse custody, the spie escap'd that day that the garrison were celebrating their ioy for the greate victory at Yorke. Meanwhile the governor, supposing Mr. Millington, as he profess'd himselfe, highly his friend and his protector, complain'd to him of the mutinous carriage of the liorse, and his disturbance and discouragement in the publick ser- vice thereby, and desir'd him to get a resolution in the thing, whereby his power and their duty might be defin'd, that he might know wherein he was to command them in his garrison, and they to obey him. Mr. Millington advis'd him to write a letter to him con- cerning this, setting downe his owne apprehensions, what he was to exact from them, and they to render him; which accordingly the governor did, and left it with Millington, and return'd to his garri- son. INIr. Millington told him, that he had shew'd the letter to the committee of both kingdomes, avIio had given their opinion of it, that he requir'd no more of them then he ought to have. Soonc after the governor Mr. Millington came downe to Nottingham, with 215 iustruclions from the commitlee of both kingdomes, to heare and, if he could, compose the differences at Nottingham ; if not, to re- port them to the committee of both kingdoms. Mr. IMilhngton, coming downe with these, brought Plumtre as farre as Leicester with him, and begg'd of the governor to permitt him to returne to his house, engaging himselfe tliat he should not meddle with anie- thing belonging to the garrison, nor come neere the castle nor any of the forts: which engagement the governor received, and suffer'd the man to come home ; and Millington, least the governor should suspect his greate concerne in Dr. Plumtre, made strong professions to him, that he desir'd his re-admission into the towne for nothing but to be a snare to him; for he knew the turbulency and pride of his spiritt such, that he would never be quiet ; but if, after this in- dulgence, he shf)uld, as he believed he would, returne to his former courses, he would be inexcusable in the eies of all men. Then Mr. Millington desir'd the governor to draw up some heads, wherein he conceiv'd his power to consist, Avhich he did, reducing allmost the words of his commission into eight propositions, which when he shew'd first to Mr. Millington, before the committee saw them, Mr. Millington seem'd very well to approove of them, and protested againe to the governor, the faithfullnesse of his heart to him, ex- cusing his intimacy with his enemies, upon a zeale he had to doe him service, by discovering their designes against him, and call'd himselfe therein, Sr. Pollitick Woudbe : but the governor disliking this double dealing, though it had bene with his enemies, desir'd him rather to declare himselfe ingenuously as his conscience led him, though it should be against him, and told him freely he liked not this faire carriage to both. When the governor put in his pro- positions to the committee, they desir'd each of them might have a copy of them, and all a weeke's time to consider them ; at the end of which, when the governor prest their answer, whether they as- sented to them, or could obiect anicthing against them .'' they, with 2 H 216 false flattering apologies to the governor, that if such command were due to any man, they should rather the governor should em- ploy it, then any person whatsoever, by reason of his unquestion'd meritts ; but they conceiv'd that such a power given to a governor, would not consist with that which belonged to a committee, where- upon they produc'd a tedious, impertinent paper, in answer to the governor's propositions; which, when the governor read over, he flung b}^, saying it was a ridiculous senselesse piece of stufFe : some of them taking exceptions, he should so contemne the committee's paper; he replied, he knew not yet whose it Avas, not being sign'd by any one, if any of them would owne it he desir'd them to sub- scribe it, and then he should know what to say. Thereupon, the next day, it was againe brought out, sign'd by Mr. Millington, Chadwick, Salisbury, White, and the maior of the towne. The summe of the paper not containing any exceptions against the go- vernor himselfe, but against his power, and wholly denying that my Lord Fairfax had power to make a governor, or conferre any such power on him, as his commission imported ; the governor told them, it no farther concern'd him, but only to acquaint my Lord Fairfax, with whom he should leave it, to iustifie his owne commission, and his authority to give one : but forasmuch as my lord was concern'd in it, the gentlemen who had more respect for him disown'd it, and these were the governor, the lieftenant-collonell, Mr. Pigott, Coll. Thornhagh, Maior Ireton, Maior Widmerpoole, Capt. Lomax, and Alderman James. Then the governor told them, how he had bene jnform'd that this paper was of Chadwick's contrivance, and that when Mr. Millington saw it, he hugg'd Chadwick in his armes, with such congratulation, as is not to be imagin'd they could give, to a fellow, of whom they had iustly entertain'd so vile an opinion, and then before his face declar'd all their thoughts of indignation and contempt, Avhich they had formerly exprcst of Coll. Chadwick, whom he ask'd, with what face he could question my lord's autho- 217 rit3> to make him governor, when he had formerly us'd such surrep- titious cheates to obtaine it for himselfe, by the same authority? and he askt the committee, how it came to passe, they now behev'd my Lord Fairfax had not authority to make him governor, when they themselves at first writt to him for the commission ? and to Mr. Millington he said, he had dealt very unfaithfully to those that en- trusted him to compose diiferences, which he had rather made then found; and very treacherously with him, making himselfe a party and the chiefe of his adversaries, when he pretended only to be a reconciler. Having at full layd them open one to another, and de- clar'd all their treachery, mallice, pride, and knavery, to their faces, he went away, smiling at the confusion he had left them in ; who had not vertue enough in their shame, to bring them back to repentance, but having begun to persecute him, with their spite and mallice, were resolv'd to carrie on their wicked designe, wherein they had now a double encouragement to animate them, Mr. Mil- lington's sheltring them in the parhament house, and obstructing all redresse the governor should there seeke for, and the hopes of profitt and advantage they might upon the change of things expect by the garrison, if they could wrest it out of the governor's hands, either by wearying him wdlh uniust vexations, or by watching some ad- vantage against him, to procure the discharge of his office by the parliament ; for they, knowing him to be impatient of affi'onts, and of a high spiritt, thought to provoke him to passion, wherein some- thing might fall out to give them advantages; but he, perceiving their drift, shew'd them that he govern'd his anger, and suffered it not to master him, and that he could make use of it to curb their insolency, and yet avoid all excursions that might preiudice him- selfe.'' When the governor undertook this employment, the parlia- " To some the recital of these municipal broils may appear rather tedious, but Whitelock's Memorials shew that these, and such like, in various parts of the king- 218 menl's interest in those parts was so low, and the hazard so des- perate, that these pittifull wretches, as well as the other faithfuU hearted to the publiquc cause, courted him to accept and keepe the place, and though their fowle spiritts hated the day-light of his more vertuous conversation, yet were they willing enough to let him beare the brunt of all the hazard and toyle of their defence, willinger to be secur'd by his indefatigable industry and courage, then to render him the iust acknowledgment of his good deserts. This ingratitude did not at all abate his zeale for the publick service, for as he sought not prayse, so he was well enough satisfied in doing well; yet through their envious eyes, they tooke in a generall good esteeme of him, and sin'd against their owne consciences in persecuting him, whereof he had after acknowledgments and testimonies from many of them. All the while of this contest, he was borne up by a good and honorable party of the committee, and greater in number and valine then the wicked ones, whom Mr. Millington's power in the house only countenanc'd and animated to persue their mischiefes. What it was that drew Mr. Millington into their confederacy was afterwards apparent; they hir'd him with a subscription of losses, for which they gave him publick faith double to what he really had lost ; ^ and they off'er'd him a share of the governor's spoyles, if he Mould helpe them to make him a prey, which would have bene good booty to his meane family; for although the governor had hitherto gott nothing but desperate hazard and vast expence, yet now this garrison began to be in a more hopefull condition, by the dom required the serious and frequent attention of the parliament. Most readers will pity a man of Coll. Hutchinson's exalted mind for being compelled to cope with such despicable adversaries, but they will derive some pleasure from observing the address with which he foiled their insidious attacks. * Of this custom of applying to the parliament for reparation or compensation, and of its being granted generally at the expence of delinquents or cavaliers, there appear many instances in Whitelock — no doubt many abuses crept in. 219 late successe in the north. After Yorke was taken, the Earle of Manchester marcht into onr parts, upon whose coming Bolsover and Tickhill castles were dehver'd up to him, and Wclbeck, the Earle of Newcastle's house, which was given into Coll. Thornhagh's connnand, and much of the enemie's wealth, by that means, brought into Nottingham: Winkfield manour, a strong garrison in Derby- shire, was taken upon composition, and by this meanes, a rich and large side of the country, was layd open to helpe maintaine the garrison at Nottingham, and more hoped for by these gentlemen, who were now as greedy to catch at the rewards of another's labovus, as unable to meritt aniething themselves: but when the hopes of the harvest of the whole country, had tempted them to begin their wicked plotts, God seeming angrie at their ill use of mercy, caus'd the Earle of Manchester to be call'd back into the south, when he was going to have besieg'd Newark, and so that towne, with the pettie garrisons at Wiyerton, Shelford, and Belvoyr, were still left for further exercise to Nottingham. Yet the hopes these would in time be gained, made these gentlemen prosecute their designe against the governor, whose par tie the}^ endeavour'd with all sub- tileties to weaken : and first attempted Coll. Thomhagh, who having by his signaliz'd vallour arriv'd to a greate reputation, they thought if they could gaine him, he would be their best leaver, to heave out the governor, and that prop once remoov'd, they despair'd not to make him contribute to his owne ruine ; for they had discover'd in him a facillity of nature, apt to be deluded by faire pretences, and more prone to suspect the kind plaine-dealing of his friends, then the flattery of his enemies: but the governor, after they had dis- play 'd themselves, by his vigilancy, prevented many of their malli- tious designes, and among the rest that they had upon this gentle- man. During his sicknesse the governor tooke care of his regiment, and employ 'd the troopes that quarter'd in the garrison : but through the wicked instigations of Captaine White, being very refractory, 220 and the regiment often call'd out on field service, the governor sent for a commission, and rays'd a troope of horse, which the heftenant- colloneil commanded, and a troope of dragoones for the pecuUar service of the garrison. These cunning sowers of sedition wrought, upon this occasion, Coll. Thornhagh into a iealous behefe, that Coll. Hutchinson was taking the advantage of his sicknesse, to worke himselfe into his command. Coll. Thornhagh was griev'd at it, but sa^'d nothing; but the governor discovering the thing, notwithstand- ing his silence, Avhen the lieftenant-colonel went to London, pro- cur'd a commission for Coll. Thornhagh to be, next under Sr. Thomas Fairfax, commander in chiefe of all the parliament's horse in Not- tinghamshire, at all times, which being brought to Coll. Thornhagh, Avhen he knew nothing of it, clear'd him of that suspition. And now, although they were more inclin'd to delude then openly to opose Coll. Thornhagh, yet they having no exceptions against the governor in his owne person, but against his authority, they were forc'd to deny Coll. Thornhagh's command as well as the governor's, they being both deriv'd from the same power. The horse captaines, who were allur'd by faire colours of preferment, and indulg'd in their plunder, which they hoped to doe with more freedom, if Capt. White prevail'd, were more obedient to Capt. White and their owne ambition, then to their coUonell or the lawes and customes of warre. The committee hoped, by thus disputing the coUonell's powers, under a fkce of parliament authority, to weary them out, and make them cast up their commissions, when they had, by Mr. Millington, blockt up the way of their complaint, so that they fear'd not being turn'd out of the committee, for the abuse of that trust : and perhaps they had succeeded, but that the governor scorn'd to give up a good cause, either particular or publick, for want of cou- rage to defend it among many difficulties; and then, although he had many enemies, he had more friends, whom if he should desert, they would be left to be crusht by these mallitious persons ; and 221 more then all this, the country Avould be abandon'd into the hands of persons, Avho would only make a prey of it, and not endeavour its protection, liberty, or reall advantage, Avhich had bene his chiefe ayme in all his undertakings. The conspirators, as I may more iustly terme them, then the committee, had sent Capt. White to Yorke, to my lord Fairfax, and to get the governor's power defin'd, Avhich he understanding, the next day went thither himselfe, and Mr. Pigott, who from the be- ginning to the ending shew'd himselfe a most reall and generous friend to the governor, and as cordiall to his country and the greate cause, Avent allong Avith him, arriving a day after Capt. White. When my lord gave them a hearing together, he asked Avhether the governor had done aniething of consequence Avithout consulting the committee, which White could not say he had; then he ask'd White if he had any other misgovernment to accuse him of, Avhich AA'hen White could not alledge against him, the governor before his face told my lord all the businesse, Avhereupon White was dismissed Avith reproofe and laughter, and letters Avere written to the committee, to iustifie the governor's power, and to entreate them to forbeare disturbing him in his command, and to Mr. Millington, to desire him to come over to Yorke to my lord; both Avhich the governor deliver'd, but Mr. Millington would not goe over, but, on the con- trary, continued to foment and rayse up the factions in the toAvne against the governor, and by his countenance the committee every day meditated and practis'd ncAV provocations, to stirre up the go- vernor to rage, or at least to weary him in his employment. The horse, without his knoAvledge, they frequently sent abroad; pro- tections, ticketts, and passes, they gave out; and, encroaching upon his office in all things whatsoever, Avrought such a confusion in the garrison that, Avhilc all men were distracted and amaz'd, in doubt whose orders to obey, and Avho Avere their commanders, they obey'd none, but every man did what he listed; and by that meanes the m'2 publick service was in all things obstructed and preiudic'd. The governor, while the iniury was only to himselfe, bore it, but when it extended allmost to the destruction of the garrison, he was forc'd to endeavour a remedy. For about tliis time it hap'ned that Salis- bury, being treasurer, had given base termes and willfull delayes to the souldiers who were assign'd their pay, when the mony was ready for them in the treasury; and when this base carriage of his had provok'd them to a mutinie, the governor Avas sent for to appease it, which he did; but comming to the committee, told them he would no longer endure this usage of theirs, to have all things of power, honor, and command, wrested out of his hands, and all things of difficulty and danger put upon him; while they purposely stirr'd up occasions of rigor and punishment, and then expected he should be the executioner of it, by which he perceiv'd they did these things only with designe to render him contemptible and odious to all per- sons. Not lono; after a command came for all the horse that could be spar'd in the garrison to goe to Sr. John Meldrum, to the reliefe of Montgomery-castle. The governor went to the committee to consult what troopes should march, and they voted none. The go- vernor told them, he conceiv'd when a command was given, they were to obey without dispute, and that he came to advize with them what troopes should be sent forth, not whether any or noe; there- fore althovigh they voted disobedience of the command, that would not discharge him, especially the service being of greate conse- quence, and the troopes lying here without other employment: wherefore at night he summoned a councell of Avarre, and there all- most all the captaines, having no mind to march so farre from home, declar'd they conceiv'd themselves to be under the command of the committee, and would only obey their orders. Upon this the governor went to the committee and desir'd them that, in regard unanswerable things Avere done, the publick service neglected, and all the transactions of the garrison confused, they would unite Avith him in a petition to the parliament, to define their severall powers ; and in the meane time either quietly to let him execute his duty, or elce to take all upon them and discharge him. They presently made a motion, that he would call a muster, and put it to all the souldiers, whether they would be govern'd by the committee or the governor. The governor told them his command was not elective, but of right belonged to him, and this way Avas only the next occa- sion to cause a mutiny, which he could not consent to. But they persisting in their course, he came againe to them and desir'd they would at length surcease these affronts in his command, and their underminings, whereby they endeavour'd to alienate men's hearts from him, and to rayse faction against him by close unworthy prac- tises : so after much debate it was on all hands agreed, that they should not at all intermeddle with aniething belonging to the soul- diery, nor interrupt the governor in his command, till the house of parliament should decide it, and that the governor and Capt. White should both goe to London, to procure a speedy determination of the powers in a faire and open way. This they all faithfully pro- mised the governor, and made many hipocriticall professions to lum, some of them with teares; whereupon he, who Avas of the most re- concileable nature in the world, accepted their faire pretences, and went to drinke friendly with them in token of kindnesse. Yet was all this but hipocrisie and falsehood, for even at that A^ery time they Avearied many of the governor's officers out of the garrison by the continued mallice Avherewith they persecuted all that had any respect for him. Among these was Mr. Hooper the engineer, a man A^ery faithfuU to the cause and very honest, but withall rough, Avho having to doe with hatefull businesses, Avas made odious to the common people, the priests too having a particular spite at him, as one they esteem'd a leader of the separatists ; yet he Avas very in- genious and industrious in his office, and most faithfull as well to the governor himselfe as to the publick service. The committee, to 2 I 224 insinuate themselves with the common people, regarded him with an evill eie, and so discourag'd him, that being ofi'er'd much better preferment, and invited by Coll. Cromwell into olher parts, he ac- quainted the governor with it, oftering withall that, if he might yet be protected from affronts in his employment, he would stay and serve the governor for halfe the salary offer'd elce where. But the governor, although he were very sorry to part Avith him, and the service would much misse him, yet being so much iniur'd himselfe, could not undertake the protection of any of his officers, and there- fore would not hinder his preferment, but suffer'd him to goe to Cromwell. Such Avas the en vie of the committee to him, that iust as he was going, that very day, they not willing to let him depart in peace, although they knew he had iustly expended all the mony he had receiv'd of them, yet they call'd for an account, from the beginning of his employment, which they had often seene in par- cells, but believing he could not so readily give it them alltogether, they then demanded it. He immediately brought it forth, and gott by it twelve shillings due to him upon the foote thereof, which he intended not to have ask'd them, but receiving it upon the exhibi- tion of his account, went away smiling at their mallice; which yett would not let him go soe, for then Henry Wandall came with a pe- tition to the governor, that he would vindicate the honor of the Earle of Essex against Mr. Hooper, whom he accus'd to have spoken words against him, and done actions to his dishonor. The governor knowing this Avas but mallice, accepted security for him, which was offer'd by Mr. Pigott and Maior AVatson, that he should answer Avhat could be obiected against him at any councell of warre he should be call'd to.*" *" This Mr. Hooper was undoubtedly a person of singular abilities. Mr. Sprigge, in his Anglia Rediviva, mentions him as serving Sir Thomas Fairfax at the siege of Oxford and other places as engineer extraordinary, and greatly expediting all his 225 Wednesday, Sep. the 25, 1644, Capt. While went to London, to solhcite the committee's businesse against the governor, for they were intended to putt it upon a faire debate, as was promis'd. The next day the governor commanded Capt. Barrett's troope to convoy him towards London, but iust as he was going to horse, the com- mittee, contrary to their engagements, not to meddle with any mil- litary affaires, commanded them another way, and soe he was forc'd to goe Avithout a convoy, although the captaine was afforded a whole troope to waite on him. Two or three dayes before the governor went, Chadwick came privately to the governor's brother and told him, that his conscience would not suffer him to conceale the mallitious designes, and that treachery, which he now discover'd to be in these men's oppositions of the governor, and, with many insinuations, told him they were framing articles against the governor, whereof he gave him a copie, which the governor carried to London widi him, and shew'd the lieftenant-collonell the originalls in Mason's and Plumptre's owne hand writings. Three dayes after the governor. Coll. Thornhagh went to London. That day the governor went, one of the presby- terian ministers, whose name was Goodall, preacht the lecture at the greate church, with many invectives against governors and arbi- trary power, so plainely hinting at the governor that all the church well understood it; but for the committee, he gloz'd with them, and told them he had nothing to say to them, but to goe on in the good way they went. Some months after, this poore man preaching at a living the committee had put him into, was taken by the enemie, and much deiected at it, because he could not hope the governor enterprizes, the rapidity and number of which were surprizing : he was at the siege of Ragland-castle, the last garrison that surrendered ; he came again to Nottingham during Coll. Hutchinson's government, and, by the list of tlie ganisoa in Deering's Nottingham, appears to have continued with Capt. Poulton. 226 would exchange him, after his unworthy pulpitt rayhngs at hiin, but the governor, who hated poore revenges, when his enemie and one of his friends were both in the same prison, and he had but one exchange readie, first procur'd the minister's release, and let his owne officer stay for the next exchange. Whereupon the man comming home, Avas struck with rcmorce, and beg'd the governor's pardon, with rcall acknowledgements both to himselfe and others of his sin, in supporting faction against the governor; who was told that on his death-bed, for he died before the gamson was dissolv'd, he exprest to some of the governor's friends his trouble for having bene his enemie. But not only to him, but to many others of his enemies, the governor upon sundry occasions, when they fell into his power to have requited their mischiefes, instead of A^engeance render'd them benefitts, so that at last his own friends would tell him, if they could in iustice and conscience forsake him, they would become his adversaries, for that was the next way to engage him to obligations; but although his friends, who had greater animosities against his uniust persecutors than he himselfe, Avould say these things in anger at his clemency, his nature was as full of kind gra- titude to his friends as free from base revenges upon enemies, wha either fell down to him by their owne iust remorce, or were cast under his power by God's iust providence. Assoone as the governor was gone, the committee tooke alt power upon them, and had the impudence to command the lief- tenant-collonell, who was deputy governor, and absolute in his bro- ther's absence, to draw out his troope: he went to them and told them he was sorrie they broke their agreement, but he could not breake his trust of his brother's authority to obey them. Then they feign'd a pretence and turn'd out the governor's quarter master, who by the governor's appoyntment had quartcr'd souldicrs at an ale- house ]\Ir. Millington had given a protection to, that they should quarter none, upon the account of some relation they had to him. 227 Avho married one of the daughters of the place. This occasioning some dispute, Cooke the quarter master had utter d some words, for which they sent for him and cast out greate threats, how they would punish him, Avhich frighted his Avife, big with child, in that manner that her child died within her, and her owne life was in greate hazard. The conmiittee then call'd a hall, and caus'd the towns- men to bring in horses for dragoones, whereof they voted a regiment to be lays'd, Chadwick to be the coUonell, and Hall and Selby to be captaines under him. They tooke upon them to command the souldiers, and made horrible confusion, by which they often put the garrison in greate danger, if the enemie had knowne their advan- tage. Among the rest, one night after the guards were sett, the captaine of the guard, missing the deputy governor to receive the word from him, gave them the same word they had before, till he had found out the governor to receive a new one. Mr. Millington comming by, lialfe fluster'd, would have had the captaine take a word from him, which Avhen the captaine refused, he being angrie, commanded Captaine Mason's drums to beate, and sett a double guard. The lieftenant-coUonell hearing the drums, and having no notice of this command, sent to Mason to command him to forbeare drawing any men to the guard, but Mason would not obey him. Besides this, they did a thousand such like things, to provoke him to give them some colour of complaint, or some advantage against him and his brother, for the carrj'ing on of a wicked designe, which they were secretly managing to destroy them; but God, by a won- derful providence, brought it to light. Their conspiracy was to accuse die collonell and his brother as persons that had betrey'd the towne and castle, and were ready to surrender them to the enemie, which they would pretend to have discover'd, and to have prevented their treachery, by a surprize of the lieftenant-collonell, the castle and the bridges, and all the offi- cers that Avere faithfull to the governor and his friends. Because 228 they had not force in towne who would act this villainy, they sent to Sr. John Gell, in whom they had a greate interest, and a man likely enough to promote their Avickednesse, had they even ac- quainted him with it, as black as it was in the cursed forge of their own hearts; but to carric their businesse closely, they sent to tell him they had cause of suspition that the lieftenant-collonell was false to his trust, and would deliver the castle to the enemie, to prevent which they dcsir'd him to assist them with some men and ammuni- tion; which ammunition was very secretly convey 'd into the towne, and the men were ready to march, and quarters taken up for them in Nottingham. The lieftenant-collonell dreamt nothing of the mis- chiefe that was hatching against him, Avhen, iust at the very time of the execution, there came into Nottingham two gentlemen, whom the parliament employ 'd to carrie intelligences betweene the north and the south, and who us'd to meete at this towne. Mr. Fleetwood, who came from the south, came immediately up to the castle, and there was familiarly and kindly treated, as he used to be, by the lieftenant-collonell. This was upon a Saturday night, in the month of October. Mr. Marsh, his correspondent, that came from the north, passing through Derby, was caution'd so by Sr. John Gell, that he durst not come up to the castle, but on the Lord's day sent for Mr. Fleetwood to meete him in the towne, who comming to him, he told him what information he had receiv'd from Sr. John Gell, and for that reason durst not trust himselfe in the castle. Mr. Fleetwood undertaking for his safety, brought him up to the lieftenant-collonell, and he finding the untruth of their forgeries, told the lieftenant-collonell all the machinations against him; where- upon, on the Munday morning, he went away to London, and sent Mr. Millington word that having understood the suspition they had of him, he was gone to London, where, if they had aniething to ac- cuse him of, they might send after, him, and he should be ready to answer it, and in his absence had left Capt. Lomax governor of the 229 garrison. The committee, very much confounded that their wicked- nesse was come to hght, resolv'd to outface the thing, and denied that they had sent to Derby for any men. They sayd indeed it was true, that having formerly lent Sr. John Gell some pouder, they had sent for that back; but this was not all, for they had alsoe per- swaded the master of the magazine that was in the castle to convey, unknowne to the lieftenant-collonell, two barrels of pouder, with match and bullett suitable, to such place as Chadwick should direct. This he, not dreaming of their evil intention, had condescended to, and sent them to Salisburie's house, but assoone as the lieftenant- collonell was gone they tooke what care they could to shuffle up this businesse, and presently dispatcht Capt. Palmer to London and Lieft. Chadwick to Derby, where he so wrought with Sr. John Gell that he brought back a counterfeit letter, pretended to have bene all that was sent from the committee of Nottingham to him, and another of Sr. John Cell's writing, Avherein he disown'd all that Mr. Marsh had related of his information; but God, who Avould not let them be hid, had so order'd that while matters were thus huddling up at Derby, Sr. John Cell's brother came by chance to Nottingham, and affirm'd that the committee of Nottingham had sent to his brother for three hundred men, to surprize Nottingham- castle, which when the committee heard, they sent Capt. Pendock after him the next day to charme him, that he might no more dis- cover the truth in that particular. Alsoe that very day that these intentions of theirs Avere thus providentially brought to light, one of Sr. John Cell's captaines was knowne to be in towne, whom Sr. John had sent to discover the state of things, and the new quarter-master had bene all that day taking billett for souldiers in severall houses in the toAvne. When the goA-ernor came to London, the committee of both kingdomes had appoynted a sub-committee to heare his businesse, whereof young Sr. Henry Vane had the chaire, Mr. William Pierre- 230 pont, Mr, Sollicitor St. John, Mr. Recorder, and two of the Scotch commissioners, were nominated for the committee; before whom the governor's propositions and the committee's answers had bene read, and when their soUcitor, Captaine White, saw they were likely to be cast out as frivolous, he produc'd some articles, which they had formed against the governor, lieflenant collonell, and Mr. Pigott, but they proov'd as frivolous as the other, and the gentle- men answer'd them soe clearely that they appear'd to be forg'd out of mallice and envy, only to cause delayes, there being scarce anie- thing of moment in them, if they had bene true, whereas they were all false: and novi after they had trod downe the fence of shame, and impudently began with articles ; there was not the least ridi- culous imperlinency that pass'd at Nottingham, but they put it into a scrip of paper and presented it as an additionall article to the committee ; to each of whom parlicularly Mr. Millington had written letters, and given them such false impressions of the gover- nor, and so prcposscss'd them against him, that was a stranger to them all, that they look'd upon him very coldly and slightly, when he made particular addresses to them : but he, that scom'd to be discourag'd with any men's disregard, from whom he had more rea- son to have expected all caresses and thankcfull acknowledge- ments of his unwearied fidellity and good services, resolv'd to persue his owne vindication through all their frownes and cold re- pulses : these he met with more from Mr. William Pierrcpont then from any of the rest, till Mr. Pierrepont perceiv'd the inius- tice of their prosecution, and then there was no person in the world that could demeanc himsclfe with more iustice, honor, and kinde- nesse then he did to the governor, whose iniuries became first ap- parent to him, when the lieftenant-collonell came and told his bro- ther what combinations had bene discover'd against him at Notting- ham, which the governor resenting with great indignation, com- plain'd of it to the committee. The Sollicitor White impudently denied the whole matter, or that ever the committee at Nottingham 231 had had the least suspition of the governor or his brother, or the least ground of any. Wlien this had bene with stiffnesse and impu- dence enough outfac'd before the committee, Mr. Pierrepont, then fully convinc'd of their devillish mallice, puU'd a letter out of his pockett, wherein Mr. Millington made this suggestion to him against the governor and his brother, and desir'd that he might be arm'd with power to prevent and suppresse them. This would have made others asham'd, but their soUicitor was notwithstanding impudent and rudely pressing upon the committee, avIio though they were persons of honor, and after they discover' d the governor's innocence, not forward to oppresse him, yet as they were statesmen, so were they not so ready to relieve him as they ought to have bene, because they could not doe it without a high reflection upon one of their owne members, who encouraged all those little men in their wicked persecution of him. They were such exquisite rogues, that all the while some of them betrey'd one another to the governor, and told him, under pretence of honesty and conscience, the bottome of their whole designes, shew'd the fowll originall draughls of their articles, in the men's owne hands that contriv'd them ; and told him how not so much dislike of him, as covetousnesse and ambition to advance themselves upon his mines, engag'd them thus against him, and made them contrive that villainy to accuse him and his brother of treachery, and to have seiz'd their garrisons, under that pretence, and gotten them to be made prisoners; and then Mr. Millington undertooke to have lodg'd their petitions so in the parliament, that they should never have bene heard and reliev'd. Coll. Thornhagh too was to be wrought out of his command, and they had divided the spoyle before they caught the lions. Millington's sonne was de- sign'd to be governor of the castle ; the ten pounds awceke allow'd for the governor's table, so many of the committee-men were to share by fortie shillings a man ; Chadwick was to be collonell of the towne regiment, and Mason maior ; White collonell of the horse 2 K 232 regiment, and Palmer, the priest, .his niaior ; and all the governor's friends lo be turn'd out, and their places dispos'd to creatures of theirs, who, drawne on with these hopes, Avere very active to worke the governor and his party out of the opinion of all men. They for- golt the publick interest in this private quarrell, taking in all the mallignant and debosht people that would ioyne with them, to de- stroy the governor whom they hated for his unmoved fidellity in his trust, and his severe restriction of lewdnesse and vice : but because he protected and favour'd godly men that were sober, although they separated from the publick assemblies, this open'd Avide the mouths of all the priests and all their idolaters, and they Avere Avilling enough to lett the children of hell crie out Avith them to make the loAvder noyse, and as Ave have since scene the whole cause and party ruin'd by the same practise, so at that time the zealotts for God and the parliament turn'd all the hate they had to the enemies of both, and call'd them to assist in executing their mallice upon the faithfull ser- vant and generous champion of the Lord's and his country's iust cause. And noAv the name of Cavallier Avas no more remember'd, Castillian being the tcrme of reproach with which they branded all the gOA'^ernor's friends, and lamentable it Avas to behold hoAv those Avretched men fell aAvay under this temptation, not only from pub- lick-spiritednesse, but from sobriety and honest morall conversation; not only conniving at and permitting the Avickednesse of others, but themselves conversing in taverns and brothells, till at last Millington and White Avere so ensnar'd that they married a couple of alehouse Avenches, to their open shame and the conviction of the Avhole coun- try of the vaine lives they led, and some reflection on the parliament itselfe, as much as the miscarriage of a member could cast on it, Avhen Millington, a man of sixty, professing religion, and having but lately buried a religious matronly gentlcAVoman, should goe to an alehouse to take a flirtish girle of sixteen ; yett by these noble alliances, they much strengthen'd their faction with all the Aaine 233 drunken rogues in the towne against the governor. Now their first plott had, by God's providence, bene detected, they fell upon others, and sett on instruments every where, to insinuale all the lies they could, that might render the governor odious to the towne and to the horse of the garrison, Avhora they dcsir'd to stirre up to peli- tion against him, but could not find any considerable number that would freely doe it; therefore the}' us'd all the strong motives they could, and told them the governor sought to exercise an arbitrary power over them, and to have all their booties at his owne dispose, and other such like things, by which aL length they prevail'd with many of Coll. Thornhagh's regiment to subscribe a petition that they might be under the command of the committee, and not of any other person in the garrison. This petition was sent up by Captaine Pal- mer, and he meeting Mr. Pigott at Westminster Hall, Mr. Pigott, in private discourse with him, began to bcAvaile the scandalous con- versation of certaine persons of the committee, hoping that he, being familliar with them, might be a means to perswade them to reformation. After this the governor. Coll. Thornhagh, Mr, Pigott, and some other, being in a taverne at Westminster, where they din'd, Capt. Palmer came to the doore, and they bade him come in. Upon dis- course, the governor pull'd out of his pockett the articles which the committee had put in against him, shew'd them Captaine Palmer, and ask'd him whither he thought it possible that he should, after all his toyles and services, have bene articled against for such things. Palmer, who had bene from the beginning with the governor and knew the falsehood of these accusations, profess'd he Avas amaz'd at them, and that he had not till then heard aniething of them. Con- tinuing in further discourse, the governor mention'd an unchristian- like sermon, which Mr, Goodall had preacht with invectives against him, in his absence : Palmer undertooke the iustification of it, with such sawcy provocations, that the governor told him, if it had not 234 bene more in respect to his black coate then his grey, he would have beaten him out of the roome, which for his owne safety, he adviz'd him to leave: so he went out very angrie, and going to Capt. ^Vhile, told him how Mr. Pigott call'd him a whoremaster, Mr. Mil- lington a drunkard, and Chadwick a knave. White, meeting Mr. Pigott in the hall, chaJleng'd him of these scandalls. Mr. Pigott, seeing Palmer not farre oH', led White to him, and told him he knew that person had bene his informer, repeating all he had say'd to him, and added, that it was in a desire of their reformation, but he Avould maintaine that all the things he spoke were true. Palmer further, in his rage, putts into the committee a paper of reasons, why he desir'd to be exempted from being under the governor, whereof one was, that he had cowardl}^ and unhandsomely behav'd himselfe in an occasion when Palmer's troope marcht out with him to Elston. The governor sent a copie of this paper downe to Pal- mer's ovne troope, and the lieftenant, coronett, and all the troopers, sent up a certificate, under their hands, of the falsehood of their captaine's accusation. After this Palmer came into the garrison, and made a grievous exclamation all over the towne against the governor and Mr. Pigott for traducing the ministers, Mr. Miliington, and the committee ; adding a false report, that the governor had throwne a trencher at his head ; and abusing the pulpitt to per- swade the people to vindicate them: among other things, he misap- plied a place in Nehemiah, where Nehemiah says, " I eate not the " governor's bread, because the feare of the Lord was upon me," to the governor ; that his accepting a publick table, was a mark of the want of the feare of God : and many other such mallitious wrcstings of scripture, did he and his fellow priests at that time practise. The committee of Nottingham, on their side, taking this occasion, call'd a publick hall in the towne, Avhere two orations were made by Mr. Miliington and Coll. Chadwick. Miliington began with a large enu- meration of Chad wick's worthy actions, (known to no man), where- Q35 by he merited honor of all men, especially of this towne ; and then mentioning his ovvne good sei^vices for the towne, told them how un- gratefully they were repay 'd by Mr. Pigott, with the scandalous aspersion of drunkards and knaves ; and that their singular affec- tions and endeavours for the good of the towne, had expos'd them to this calumny, wherefore they desir'd the tov/ne to ioyne in their iustitication. Chadwick made iust such another speech, and bolh of them seem'd to passe by their owne particular, and only to desire the other's iustification ; Chadwick, in his speech, saying that Mr. Pigott's abuse of Mr. Millington did not only asperse the committee, but even the parliament itselfe. Captaine Lomax, then deputy governor of the ganison, after they had spoken, stood up, and ad- vised the townesmen that they should forbeare to entangle them- selves in things they understood not, adding that Mr. Pigott and the gentlemen at London were persons of such honor and prudence, that they would maintaine whatever they had spoken of any man. Hereupon Capt. Mason, and two mallignant townsmen of his soul- diers, began to mutiny, with high insolence, and to lay violent hands on him to thrust him out of the hall, giving him most re- proachful! terms ; but the man being very stout, quieted them, and would not depart till the hall broke up. After this, w^ithout ac- quainting the deputy governor, they summon'd another hall ; but Lomax seeing their inclination to mutiny forbade it. Then, at ten of the clock at night, they gott a common councell together, at Mr. Salisbury his house, and there Mr. ]\Iillington againe desired they would iojme in the vindication of himselfe, the ministers, and the committee, and gott about eight of them to subscribe a blank paper. Then the committee, with certeine instruments of theirs, appoynted rounds to walke the towne, perswading some, and threatning others, to sett their hands to a petition, which none of them that subscribed it knew what it was, but they told them it was for the good of the towne. 236 All this while these pettic committee fellows had carried them- selves as absolute governors, and Plumtre was now their intimate favourite, and began to vapour that he would have the castle pull'd doAvne to re-erect the church, and the fort at the bridges tlnowne downe, and all the arms and souldiers brought into the townc. But at London, the governor being growne into acquaintance with the gentlemen of the sub-committee, that were to heare his businesse, and they perceiving with how much wicked mallice he Avas prosecuted, Sr. Henry Vane was so honorable as to give him advice to putt his businesse in such a way, as might take aAvay all colour from his enemies ; Avhereupon he put in some propositions to the commitlee of both kingdomes, for the composure of these dif- ferences, AV'herein he was willing to decline all things of his owne right, which might be done without preiudice to the publick service, and to passe by all the iniuries that had bene done him ; which con- discension gave such satisfaction, that forthwith the whole businesse was determin'd at the committee of both kingdomes, and the gover- nor sent back to his charge, with instructions drawne up for all parties, and letters Avritten to the officers and souldiers, both of horse and foote, to be obedient ; and likewise letters to the maior of the towne and the committee. The governor returning, Avord Avas brought to Nottingham, that on Friday night he lay at Leicester, Avhereupon the committee, avIio had heard the determination of things above, gott them ready to be gone, but the souldiers having notice thereof, Avent to the deputy-governor and entreated him to stop the treasurer ; Avhereupon he and the maior of the regiment went to them, and entreated them to stay till the governor came, but to see Avhat instructions he brought Avith him, from the powers above : but Avhen they Avould not be persAvaded fairely, then the deputy peremptorily forbad the treasurer, as he Avould ansAver it, not to goe. But he refusing to obey, the deputy told him he sliould passe on his SAvord's poyut if he Avent, and accordingly Avent doAvne 237 to sett guards at the Trent bridges ; which being told them, tliey made hast and fled out at the other end of the towne. Milhnvas not sincere : yet certainly he took all the same steps with those who were unques- tionably so. How little soever Cromwell might wish to succeed, there was good policy in attending this conference, as it might in some degree serve to diminish the sus- picions entertained of his own ambitious views, and prevent their being urged in argu- ment to Fairfax, which if he had been absent they most likely would have been. Be this as it may, it may be truly said. Ex illofluert 8f retro stiblapsa referri Res Danaum. for the true republicans or commonwealth's men. From thence the tide of fortune left their shore. And ebb'd much faster than it flow'd before. For it was only with the co-operation of a man, who to his martial talents, wiiich cer- tainly exceeded all of his time, added that moderation and integrity, which will dis- tinguish Fairfax to the end of time, that the great politicians of those days could have planned and finished such schemes of representation, legislation, and administration, as would have rendered the nation great and happy, either as a commonwealth or mixed government. They had in some respects such opportunities as never can again 315 tiien as unmoovable by his friends as pertinacious in obeying his wife ; whereby he then died to all his former glory, and became the monument of his owne name, which every day wore out. When his commission was given up, Cromwell was made generall, and new commissions taken out by all the officers from him. He find- ing that Coll. Hutchinson's commission for the island was not taken out, and that he addrest not to him, made hast to prevent the islanders, and gave a commission for the government to one of his owne creatures. At this time the Lad}' Dormer being dead, had left to her grandchild, a papist, the Lady Anne Somersett, daughter to the Marquesse of Worcester, a mannour in Leicestershire, which the lady, being more desireous of a portion in mony, had a greate mind to sell, and came and ofi'er'd it to Coll. Hutchinson, with whom she had some alliance ; but he told her he was not in a purchasing condition, whereupon she earnestly beg'd him, that if he would not buy it himselfe, he would procure of the parliament, that she might have leave to sell it. This he moov'd and was re- puls'd, whereupon both the lady, and one that was her priest, who negotiated for her, and other friends, most earnestly sollicited Col- lonell Hutchinson to buy it; who urging that he had not mony for such a purchase, they oft'er'd him time of payment, till he could sell his owne land, and assur'd him it should be such a pennieworth, as he should not repent the selling his owne land to buy it. He urg'd to them the trouble and difficulty it would be to obteine it, and that it might so fall that he must lay a weight upon it, more then the thing would be worth to him, he never having yet made any request to the house, and having reason to expect recompences for the losse of his estate, as well as others. But my lady still importun'd him, arise ; and if the piesbyterians have nothing else to answer for, tlie perverting the judgment of this excellent man was a fault never to be forgiven ; if the ruin of their own cause could expiate it, they were not long before they made that atonement. 514 promising a pennieworth in it, that should countervaile the difficulty and the trouble; Avhereupon, at the last, he contracted with her, upon both her and her brother's desire, the Lord Herbert, who was her next heire, and was then at full age, and gave a release of all claime to it, under his hand and scale ; and my lady, being be- tweene 19 and 20 yeares old, then pass'd a fine, and covenanted att her comming to full age to pass another, and absolutely bargained and sold the land to Coll. Hutchinson, who secured the price of it to the Marquesse of Dorchester, whom the lady and her friends had a greate hope and desire to compasse for a husband, and had thoughts, that when the portion was secur'd in his hands, it would be easily effected. This they afterward entrusted to Coll. Hutch- inson, and desired his assistance to propound the businesse to my lord, as from himselfe, out of mutuall wellwishes to both parties ; but my lord would not hearken to it, though the collonell, willing to do her a kindnesse, endeavour'd to perswade him, as much as was fitting. In the mean time the collonell could not, by all the friends and interest he had in the house, procure a composition and leave for my lady to sell her land, because they say'd it would be a precedent to other papists, and some moov'd, that what service he had done, and what he had lost, might be some other Avay con- sider'd, rather then this any way sulfer'd. But he vigorously per- suing it, and laying all the weight of all his meritts and sufferings upon it, all that he could obteine at last was, to be himselfe ad- mitted, in his owne name, for taking of of the sequestration, after he had bought it, which he did; and they tooke two thousand pounds of him for his composition. By the interest of Sr. Henry Vane and severall others of his friends, powerfuU in the house, this too was with nmch difficulty wrought out, though violently oppos'd by severall oth- rs. Of these Maior-generall Harrison was one, and he, when he saw that he could not prevaile, but that in favour par- ticularly to Coll. Hutchinson, it was carried out by his friends; after 315 the rising of the house, meeting the collonel], he embrac'd him, and desir'd him not to think he did it in any personal! opposition to him, but in his iudgment, who thought it fitt the spoyle should be taken out of the enemies hands, and no composition admitted from ido- laters. Whatever might be particular advantage to him, he envied not, but reioic'd in, only he so dearly lov'd him, that he desir'd he would not sett his heart upon the augmenting of outward estate, but upon the things of the approaching kingdorne of God, concerning which he made a most pious and seeming friendly harangue, of at least an hower long, with all the demonstrations of zeale to God and love to the collonell that can be imagined. But the collonell, having reason to feare that he knew not his owne spiritt herein, made him only a short reply, that he thanked him for his councell, and should endeavour to follow it, as became the duty of a Chris- tian, and should be glad to be as effectually instructed by his ex- ample as his admonition. For att that time the maior-generall, who Avas but a meane man's sonne, and of a meane education, and no estate before the warre, had gather'd an estate of two thousand a yeare, besides engrossing greate offices, and encroaching upon his under officers, and maintain'd his coach and famely, at a heighth as if they had bene borne to principallity. About the same time a greate ambassador was to have publick audience in the house, he came from the king of Spaine, and was the first who had addrest to them owning them as a republick. The day before his audience. Coll. Hutchinson was sett in the house, neere some young men handsomely clad, among whom was Mr. Charles Rich, since Earle of Warwick ; and the collonell himselfe had on that day a habitt which was pretty rich but grave, and no other then he usually wore. Harrison addressing particularly to him, admonisht them all, that now the nations sent to them, they should labour to shine before them in wisedome, piety, righteous- nesse and iustice, and not in gold and silver and Avorldly braver}'. 16 which did not become saints ; and that the next day when the am- Ijassadors came, thej should not sett themselves out, in gorgeous habitts, which were unsuilablc to holy professions. The collonell, although he was not convinc'd of anie misbecoming bravery in the suite he wore that day, which was but of sad colour'd cloth trimm'd with gold, and silver poynts and buttons ; yet because he would not appeare offensive in the eies of religious persons, the next day he went in a plaine black suite, and so did all the other gentlemen, but Harrison came that day in a scarlett coate and cloake, both laden with sold and silver lace, and the coate so coverd with chin- quant, "" that scarcely could one discerne the ground, and in this glittering habitt, sett himselfe iust under the speakers chaire; which made the other gentlemen think that his godly speeches, the day before, were but made, that he alone might appear in the eies of strangers. But this was part of his weaknesse, the Lord at last lifted him above these poore earthly elevations, which then and sometime after prevail'd too much with him.' After the collonell had bought my lady's land, some that were extreamely vext at her having that summe of mony, dealt with the collonell to permit them to sequester.it in his hands, and offer'd him he should have it all himselfe, which, he told them, he would be torne to pieces before he would doe, and that it was a treachery and villany that he abhorr'd. Though, notwithstanding this, he were much prest he would not yield, and to prevent force, whigh they threaten'd, after mooving in the house, how dangerous it was to suffer such a summe of mony to be in the hands of the daughter of an excepted person, especially at such a time (for now the king was *> Ch'iquant, Trench , foil. ' Ludlow gives very extraordinary accounts of his devotion to that which he thought the cause of God, as well as of his readiness to suffer martyrdom for it when it was in his power to avoid that severe trial. 317 crown'd in Scotland, and the Scotts ready to invade, and the pres- biters to ioyne with them), the collonell put the mony out of his owne hands, to preserve it for my lady. All that time both she and her brother, and other friends, made all the acknowledgments of obligation that was possible. Not to confound stories, I finish the mcmoriall of this here. After the parliament was broken up by Cromwell, and after that my lady, seeing her proiect of marrying with my Lord Dorchester would not take, had embraced an offer of Mr. Henry Howard, second sonne to the Earle of Arundell, and when, in the protector's time, the papists wanted not patrons, she began to repent the selling of her land, which before she thought such a blessing, and told her husband false stories, as he alledg'd, though his future car- riage made it iustly suspitious, he was as unworthy as she. The collonell, presently after he had that land, had very much improov'd it, to a fourth part more then it was att when he bought it, and they, envying his good bargaine, desired to have it againe out of his hands, nor dealt fairely and directly in the thing, but em- ployed a cunning person, Maior Wildman, who was then a greate manager of papists' interests, to get the land againe, which he was to have four hundred pounds for, if he could do it. Whereupon he presently gott mony and came to the gentleman who had a mortgage upon it, for three thousand pounds taken up to pay my lady, and tender'd it. But Mr. Ash, a greate friend of the collonell's, Avas so faithfull that he would not accept it, and then Wildman began a chancery suit, thinking that the collonell, being out of favour with ihe present powers, would be necessitated to take any composition. When he had put the collonell to a grealc deale of vaine charge, and found he could doe no good, at last they desir'd to make up the businesse, and the lady and Mr. Howard past a new fine to con- firme the tille, and the collonell was delivered from further trouble 318 wilh them, till after the change and the returne of the king. Then, when the parliament men began to come into question for their lives, my Lord of Pordand and Mr. Howard came to Mrs. Hutchinson's lodgings three or foure times, while she was out solliciting for her husband, and my lord left her a message, that he must needs speake Avith her, upon a businesse of much concernment ; whereupon she sought out my lord, knowing that he had profest much kindnesse and obligation to her husband, and thinking he might have some designe now to acknowledge it by some rcall assistance. But when she came to him, he told her, her husband was in danger of his hfe, and that if he would resigne back Loseby to Mr. Howard, he would helpe him to a good summe of mony to flie, and Mr. Howard would stand to the hazard of buying it; but she being vext that my lord should interrupt her with this frivolous proposition, told my lord she would hazard it Avith the rest of her estate, rather then make up such desperate bargaines. When Mr. Howard saw this would not doe, he prepar'd a petition to get it excepted out of the act of oblivion, pretending that his Avife being under age, the coUonell had by power and frawd wrested her out of her estate. But when he shew'd this petition to his friends, they being inform'd of the false- nesse of the allegations, would none of them undertake either to deliver or back it. Only one Sr. Richard Onslow was a violent man, rayling against the collonell concerning this, but he not long after died by a blast of lightning. Others of his friends, when they un- derstood that he himselfe had ioyn'd in the confirmation of the fine, after the collonell was retir'd, in the protector's reigne, bade him for shame no more make mention of his lady's being fool'd or fright- en'd to an act Avhich he had voluntarily done. Many told the collonell how unsafe it was to displease a person Avho had so many powerfull allies that might mischiefe him, but the collonell Avould neither be frighted nor flatter'd to give away liis estate, which when 319 Mr. Howard found, he let fall his purpose, and made no more vainc endeavours.'' And now to rctume to his story where I left it, I shall not men- tion every particular action of his in the employment of a senator and councellor of the realms, but only some which were more re- markaljle, to shew the honor and excellency of his nature, among which this Avas one. When his old opposites and enemies of the Nottingham con\mittee had enter'd into the presbiterian conspiracy, so deepe, that their lives were forfeit to the law, had they bene brought to publick triall, and this was discover'cl to him ; and alsoc that Coll. Pierrepont was the chiefe of them, he tooke care to have the businesse so manag'd, that Coll. PiciTepont was past by in the information, and others so favourably accus'd, that they were only restrein'd from the mischiefe they intended, and kept prisoners till the danger was over, and after, through his mediation released, without any further punishment on their persons and estates, though Chadwick's eldest sonne was one of these. For Coll. Pierrepont, he only privately admonisht him, and endeavour'd to reclaime him, which the man, being good natur'd, was infinitely overcome with, insomuch that ever after, to his dying day, all his envy ceast, and he profest all imaginable friendship and kindnesse to the collonell. Indeede his excellent gentlenesse was such, that he not only pro- tected and sav'd these enemies, wherein there was some glory of passing by revenge, but Avas compassionately affected with the '' How, when, or b}' whom this estate at Loseby was sold again, the editor has not been able to discover, it never having cotne into the hands of his branch of the family, which purchased Owthoj pe. One of the estates sold by Col. Hutchinson in his life- time, was tlxat of llateliffe on Soarc, which is spoken of in a note as given to Sir Tliomas Hutchinson by his uncle Saeheverell; the purchaser was Alderman IretoHj and it %vas, in all probability, sold to enable him jointly with the money borrowed of Mr. Ash to purchase this estate, a X 3-20 miseries of any pooie weonien or children, who had bene unfortu- nately, though deservedly, ruin d in the civill wane ; and widiout any interest of his owne in the persons, whenever any ruin'd famely came to seeke reliefe, where he was in power, he was as zealous in assisting all such, as farre as it might be done with the safety of the commonwealth, as if they had bene his brothers. As it Avas a misery to be bewail'd in those dayes, that many of the parliament party, exercis'd cruelty, iniustice, and oppression to their conquer'd enemies, wherever he discover'd it he violently oppos'd it, and de- fended even those enemies that were by might oppress'd and defrauded of the mercies of the parliament. Upon this account he had contests with some good men, who were weake in these things, some through too factious a zeall, and others blinded with their owne or their friends interests. Among these Coll. flackers father, having married my Lady Biron's mother, was made a trustee for the estate of her sonne, which she had by Strelley her first husband. He had about 1800/. of the estate of young Strelley in his hands, which, he dying, his eldest sonne and heire Coll. Francis Hacker, was liable and iustly ought to pay. Young Strelley died in France, and left his estate to his halfe brother, the sonne of Sr. Richard Biron, who all the time of the first Avarrc, was at schoole in Coll. Hutchinson's, garrison at Nottingham, and after was sent into France. Being there, an infant, when this estate fell to him, he return'd and chose Coll. Hutchinson for his guardian, who overcame Coll. Hacker in the right of his pupill, and recover'd that mony out of his hands, which he Avould not have pay'd, if the infant had not found a friend that was heartily zealous to obtaine his iust right. Sr. Arthur Haslerig was a greate patrone of Coll. Hacker's, and la- bour'd to beare him out against iustice and the infant's right in this thing ; and when the collonell had overcome him, they were both displeas'd; for Hacker, on the other side, was such a creature of 321 Sr. Arthur's, that without questioning iustice or honesty, he was more diUigent in obeying Sr. Arthur's then God's commands. Sr. Allen Apsley had articles at the rendition of Barnstable, Avhereof he was governor, and contrary to these, he was put to vast expence and horrible vexation, by severall persons, but especially by one wicked weoman, who had the worst and the smoothest tongue that ever her sex made use of to mischiefe. She was handsome in her youth, and had very pretty girles to her daughters, whom, when they grew up, she prostituted to her revenge and mallice against Sr. Allen Apsley, which was so venomous and devillish, that she stuck not at inventing false accusations, and hiring witnesses to swear them, and a thousand other as enormous practises. In those dayes there was a committee set up, for reliefe of such as had any violation of their articles, and of this Bradshaw was president ; into whose easie faith this Avoman, pretending herselfe religious, and of the parliament's party, had so insinuated herselfe, that Sr. Allen's way of reliefe was obstructed. Coll. Hutchinson labouring mightily in his protection, and often foyling this vile woman, and bringing to light her devillish practises, turn'd the woman's spite into as violent a tumult ag;ainst himselfe, and Bradshaw was so hott in abettino- her, that he grew coole in his kindnesse to the collonell, yet broke it not quite : but the collonell was ^ery much griev'd that a friend should engage in so uniust an opposition. At last it was manifest how nmch they were mistaken that would have assisted this woman upon a score of being on the parliament's side, for she was all this while a spie for the king, and after his returne, Sr. Allen Apsley met her in the king's chamber waiting for recompense for that ser- vice. The thing she sued Sr. Allen Apsley for, was for a house of hers in the garrison of Barnstable, which was pull'd downe to fortifie the towne for the king, before he was governor of the place. Yett would she have had his articles violated to make her a recompense out of his estate, treble and more than the valine of the house, pre- 32^ tending she was of the parliament's party, and that Sr. Allen, in mallice thereunto, had without necessity pull'd downe her house. All which were horrible lies, but so malliciously and so wickedly affirrn'd and sworne by her mercenary witnesses, that they at first found faith, and it was hard for truth afterwards to overcome that prepossession. The coUonell prosecuting the defence of truth and iustice, in these and many more things, and abhorring all councells of securing the young commonwcaUh, by cruelty and oppression of the van- quisht, who had not laid downe their hate, in deliverhig up their amies, and were therefore, by some cowards, iudg'd unworthy of the mercy extended to them, the colloncll, I say, disdaining such thoughts, displeas'd many of his owne party, who, in the maine, we hope, might have bene honest, although through divers tempta- tions, guilty of horrible slips, Avhich did more offend the collonell's pure zeale, who detested these sins more in brethren then in enemies. Now was Cromwell sole generall, and marcht into Scotland, and the Scots ready to invade, and tlie presbyters to assist them here. The army being small, there was a necessity of recruites, and the councell of state solliciting all the parliament men that had interest, to improve it in this exigence of time, they gave Coll. Hutchinson a commission for a regiment of horse. He immediately gott up three troopes, well armed and mounted, of his owne old souldicrs, that thirsted to be againe employ 'd under him, and was preparing the rest of the regiment to carry after them himselfe, when he was in- formed, that assoone as his troopes came into Scotland, Cromwell very readily rcceiv'd them, but would not let them march together, but disperst them, to fill up the regiments of those who Avere more his creatures. The collonell hearing this, would not carry him any more, but rather employ 'd himselfe in securing, as much as m as necessary, his owne country, for Avhich he was sent doAvne by the 323 councell of state, who att that time were very much surprljj'd att hearing that the king of Scots was past by Cromwell, and enter'd with a greate armie into England. Bradshaw himselfe, as stout- hearted as he Avas, privately could not conceale his feare : some raged and utter'd sad discontents against Cromwell, and suspitions of his fidelity, they all considering that Cromwell was behind, of Avhom I think they scarce had any account, or of his intention, or how this error came about, to suffer the enemie to enter here, where there was no armie to encounter him. Both the city and country, (by the angrie presbyters, wavering in their constancy to them and the liberties they had purchas'd), Avere all amaz'd, and doubtfull of their owne and the common Avealth's safety. Some could not hide very pale and unman!}' fcares, and Avere in such distraction of spiritt, as much disturb'd their councells. Coll. Hutchinson, Avho ever had most vigour and chearefullnesse, when there Avas most danger, en- courag'd them as they Avere one day in a private councell, raging and crying out on CromAvell's miscarriages, to applie themselves to councells of safety, and not to lose time in accusing others, Avhile they might yet provide to save the endanger'd realme, at least to fall nobly in defence of it, and not to yield to feare and despaire. These and such like things being urg'd, at length they recollected themselves, and every man that had courage and interest in their countries, Avcnt downe to looke to them." Coll. Hutchinson came downe into Nottinghamshire, and secur'd those Avho Avere suspitious to make any commotion, and putt the country into such a posture * The trepidation of the council of State, and the zeal with which they were sup- ported, is well described by Whitelock. Col. Hutchinson was now out by rotation. Whether Cromwell suffered the king to pass by him designedly or otherwise, is uncer- tain ; but it is very likely tiiat he did it by design, as knowing that those who did not like, for the same reason as Col. Hutchinson, to send forces to him, would, for their own sakes, bring them forward to oppose the king. Either his fortune or his judg- 324 *of defence as the time would permilt. But it was not long before the king chose another way, and went to Worcester. Cromwell fol- lowing swiftly after with his arniie, and other forces meeting him from severall other parts, they fought with the king and his Scotts, totally routed and subdued him, and he, with difficulty, after concealment in an oake and many other shifts, stole away into France. When the collonell hear'd how Cromwell us'd his troopes, he was * confirmed that he and his associates in the armie, Avere carrying on designes of private ambition, and resolv'd that none should share with them in the commands of the army or forts of the nation, but such as would be beasts, and ridden upon I y the proud chiefes. Disdaining, therefore, that what he had preserv'd, for the liberty of his country, should be a curb upon them, and foreseeing that some of Cromwell's creatures would at length be put in, to exercise him with continuall affionts, and to hinder any man from standing up for the deliv^erance of the country, if the insolence of the army (which he too sadly foresaw) should put them upon it ; for this rea- son, in Cromwell's absence, he procur'd an order for the remoove of the gan'ison at Nottingham, which was commanded by his kinsman Maior Poulton, into the marching army, and the demollishing of the place ; Avhich accordingly was speedily executed. When Maior Poulton, who had all along bene very faithfuU and active in the cause, brought his men to the armie, he was entertain'd with such affronts and neglects by the generall, that he voluntarily quitted his command, and retir'd to the ruin'd place, where the castle was which he had bought with his arrears.' When Cromwell ' The machinations of Cromw«ll are spoken of in general terms by Rapin, \^niite- lock, and others ; but no where so well detailed as here. Of all things the most ne- cessary to Cromwell was to obtain soldiers and subaltern officers perfectly subservient to his own purposes, but this he could hope to effect then, and then only, when he came back through the country and saw the castle pull'd downe, lie was heartily vext at it, and told Coll. Hutchinson, that if he had bene there, when it was voted, he should not have suifer'd it. The collonell replied, that he had procur'd it to be done, and believ'd it to be his duty to ease the people of charge, when there was no more need of it. When Cromwell came to London, there wanted not some little creatures of his, in the house, Avho had taken notice of all that had bene say'd of him Avhen he let the king slip by; hov/ some stuck not in their feare and rage to call him traytor, and to threaten his head. These reports added spurres to his ambition, but that his sonne-in-law, Ireton, deputy of Ireland, would not be Avrought to serve him, but hearing of his machinations, determin'd to come over to England to endeavour to divert him from such destructive courses.^ But God cutt him short by death, and whether his body, had deprived them of such superior officers as would have preserved them from decep- tion, and have kept them faithful to their country. Tlie present and similar occur- rences furnished him with the means so to do, which he employed most assiduously. Ludlow, vol. iii. p. 21. " And thus the troops of the parliament, who were not raised " out of the meanest of the people and without distinction, as other armies had been ; " but consisted of such as had engaged themselves from a spirit of liberty in the de- " fence of their rights and religion, were corrupted by him, kept as a standing force " against the people, taught to forget their first engagements, and rendered as merce- " nary as other troops are accustomed to be." From about this period then we may date the change of sentiment of the army in general, and of course the change of opi- liion respecting them, in the minds of Coll. Hutchinson and others who before had sided with them. s If this intention of Ireton is mentioned by any other person, it has escaped the search of the editor, it may have been known zcith certaintif by Mr Hutchinson alone: but something of the kind seems to have been in the contemplation of Whitelock when he regrets his death, on account of the influence he had over the mind of Cromwell, which has been remarked in a former note ; as likewise the probability that the pro- longation of his life might have made a great difference in the conduct of Cromweil. What is said of his funeral well agrees with what is said by Ludlow, who adds, that