LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF DAVIS PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS. ABRIDGMENTS or RELATING TO THE PEEPAEATION OF INDIA-EUBBEE AND GUTTA PEECHA. A.D. 1791-1866. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE COMMISSIONERS OF PATENTS. SECOND EDITION. LONDON: PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONERS OF PATENTS FOR INTENTIONS, 25, SOUTHAMPTON" BUILDINGS, HOLBOEN. V 1875. LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF PA VIS PEEFAOE, THE Indexes to Patents are now so numerous and costly as to render their purchase inconvenient to a large number of inventors and others, to whom they have become indispensable. To obviate this difficulty, short abstracts or abridgments of the Specifications of Patents under each head of Invention have been prepared for publication separately, and so arranged as to form at once a Chronological, Alphabetical, Subject- matter, and Beference Index to the class to which they relate. As these publications do not supersede the necessity for consulting the Specifications, the prices at which the printed copies of the latter are sold have been added. The number of Specifications from the earliest period to the end of the year 1866 amounts to 59,222. A large proportion of the Specifications enrolled under the old law, previous to 1852, embrace several distinct inventions, and many of those filed under the new law of 1852 indicate various applications of the single invention to which the Patent is limited. Con- sidering, therefore, the large number of inventions and appli- cations of inventions to be separately dealt with, it cannot be doubted that several properly belonging to the group which forms the. subject of this volume have been overlooked. In the progress of the whole work such omissions will, from time to time, become apparent, and be supplied in future editions. This volume contains Abridgments of Specifications to the end of the year 1866. - From that date the Abridgments will be found in chronological order in the "Chronological and " Descriptive Index " see (List of Works at the end of this book). It is intended, however, to publish these Abridgments in classes as soon as the Abridgments of all the Specifications from the earliest period to the end of 1866 have appeared in a classified form. Until that takes place, the reader (by the aid of the Subject-matter Index for each year) can continue his examination of the Abridgments relating to the "subject of his search in the Chronological and Descriptive Index. a 2 iv PBEFACE. This series comprises inventions relating to machines or apparatus for preparing, cleansing, cutting, masticating, vul- canizing, hardening, and moulding or otherwise treating india- rubber or gutta percha or compounds thereof ; it also contains the processes, mechanical and chemical, for preparing, cleansing, bleaching, vulcanizing, hardening, deodorizing, devulcanizing, recovering, or otherwise treating the same, and likewise me- thods of producing the materials used in some of the above processes ; and it further includes the preparation and recovery of some of the solvents employed in the treatment or manipu- lation of the foregoing substances. The first edition contained, besides the method of treating india-rubber and gutta percha, the application of these ma- terials to a great variety of uses. In the present volume how- ever it has been considered advisable to exclude such applica- tions as well as inventions for the manufacture of india-rubber, gutta percha,' or their compounds into articles of any descrip- tion, unless there appears to be an improvement in the mode of vulcanizing or treating the manufactured articles. The subject of waterproofing, which was included in the first edition of this book, has been transferred to a volume which will shortly be published entitled "Artificial Leather, " Floor Cloth, and Waterproof Fabrics." B. WOODCROFT. November, 1875. INDEX OF NAMES. [The names printed in Italic are those of the persons by whom the inventions have been communicated to the Applicants for Letters Patent. Page Abel, F. A 247 Agostini, P. A 202 Alsop,W 22 Anthoine,J.J 222 Archerau, H. A 88 Arthur, R 92 Assanti,D 86 Audemars,G 99 Baggs, 1 198 Baker, S. W 161 Baldamus,A 211, 214 Barlow, W. H 40 Barrett,B 72 Barwick, J 174 Bastida, De la, E 207 Bateman,D 235 Baudouin, A 237 Belling, B. M 147 Bethell,J.... 12 Beuchot,L.X. 141 Bewley,H 25 Bielefield, C. F 105 Bingham, R.J. 148 Blizzard, W 126, 131 Bonier -e, M., the younger 120 Bonneyille, H. A 223 Boukt,L 183 Bourn 177, 178 Bourne, S 254 Bousfield, G. T...113, 120, 157, 217, 225, 230, 232, 256 Bowra.E ...200 Bradbury, H ..137 Brant, J.C 205 Briansky,D 223 Page Bridges, W 172 Briggs,T. J 225 Briou, De, H. E. F....236, 251 Brockedon, W 22,30 Brookes, W 74 Brooman, R. A. . .22, 23, 75, 96, 99, 185, 190, 211, 222 Brossette, F. E. H 222 Brown, 1/7, 178 Buchholz, G. A 48 Buckingham, J 253 Buff, H. L 195 Burke, W. H 20,44 , W. H., the elder 183 , W. H., the younger.. 183 Butcher,M 107 Candelot, L. F... ...127 Cantelo, W. J 155 Cartwright, M....204, 210, 216 Cattell, T 145 Chaffee, .' 177,178 Chamberlain, A. P 124, 159 Chapa.J ' 184, 195 Chapman, G 113 Chartier & Com., Socie'te...209 Chatterton, J...159, 166, 171, 186 Chaudet,H 98 Cheever, J. H....168, 171, 178, 179, 181 Childs, J :....144, 153, 162 Christopher, W 74, 1 12 Clark, J....2, 24, 147, 229, 235 , W 183, 237, 245 Clarkson, T. C 228 VI INDEX OF NAMES. Page Clippele,C. de 125 Codet-Negrier, J. L 122 Cohen, A ,. 207 Coles, G 235 Collins, B 244 Cooke, B. F 95 Cooley, A. J 61 Cornides, L 102 Cowper,C 138,148 Crosby, J.B 107 Crossley,F 261 Crump, C 258 Cumenge, L. P. E. E 83 Cuppers, G 138 Daft, T. B 160,164,208 Dalton, J 45 Danne, L. J. A 122 Darlow,W 260 Davenport, H 115 Day,A.G 135, 153 ,A. S 106 Day, H. H 122,123 H.H.Day , 164 Debons, F. 201 DeBriou, H. E.F 236,251 DeClippele, C 125 Defever, C. L 75 De Fontainemoreau, P. A. le comte 240,243 De la Bastida, E 207 De Normandy, A. R. le Mire 67 Denny, T , 201 Deplanque, L. E 119 Deseille, L. F.A ....77 DeVarroc, E 78 Devlan, P. S 209 Dodge, N. S....110, 133, 141, 154 Dukousset, J. D 185 Dumeste, J. F. M 5 Duncan, C. S 212 , J. W 50, 71, 143 , T , 113 Dundonald, Admiral, the Earl of ;. 65,69 Dunlop, J. M...94, 187, 255, 261 Duthoit, A. M 51 Duvivier, H. J 98 Eatin,A.K 163 Ellis, T 118 Elmer, W. 206 Emerson, F.W 204 Engelhard, G. A 164 Fajole, J. J. H 202 Fanshawe, H. R 98 , J. A.. ..15, 98, 142, 148, 150, 152, 235 Felt,J.G 252 Felt, N. H 252 Flanders, J. F 197 Fleetwood, C. B 3 Fonrobert, C. F. J 116 Fontainemoreau, P. A. le Comte de 240, 243 Ford, A 108, 110, 112, 115, 197, 198, 220 Forster, T....19, 22, 36, 37, 40, 44, 199, 258 Forty, A.E 87 Freeman, W 14 Fry, J 82 Fuller, J 211 Gabriel, A 204 , M 204 Galpin, T 148, 150, 152 G. E. M. Gerard... .47, 66, 214, 236 Gerard, G. E. M 223 Ghislm, T. G 234 Gidley, G 74,81, 112 Gilbee,H 219 Gilpin, W. L 63 Gisborne, F. N 160 Gobert, C. L. C. C 190 Godefroy,P.A...105,133,192, 193 Gooderham, J.... ..,128 INDEX OF NAMES. vn Goodyear, C7...49, 52, 53, 54, 55,56,57,58,59 Goodyear, C...72, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 101, 105, 106, 114 , C., junior 100 Granier,E 245 Gras, Le, L. N... 63 Green, J. H 157 Griffin, H 188, 212 Guibal, C.E.F 83 Hall,H.L 154 Hall, H. L 242 Hamy,L 183 Hancock, C...16, 20, 25, 29, 33, 36, 40, 41, 167, 213, 241 ,J 13,15 ,T.... 4, 10, 11, 17, 27, 30,38 , W 10, 17, 142 Harby, J.B 203 Harrison, C. W 61, 182 , J.J 61 Hartley,J.G 7 Harton, G 244 Havemann, R.F. If..... 165, 184 Hay, W. J 188 Haynes, W 87 Hayward, D 217 Henry, M 145, 209 Henson, H. H... 131, 142,216, 235 Hill, H. C 101 Hodgskin,J. 219 Holl,L 226 Hooper, W... 149,170, 175,218 Hope, L 137 Hughes, E. J 117 ,E. T 219 Hull,L 215 Humfrey, C 230, 231 Hunt,E 257 , J. R 192 Innocent, L. D 243 Jacques, J. A.. ..142, 148, 150, 152, 235 James, H. B 254 Jennings, J. G.... 221, 228, 233 Jeune,F. C 112,118 __ , W. R 194 Job, A. M 107 Johnson, H 1 ,J. H... 61, 66, 77, 81, 83, 100, 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 119, 120, 135, 153, 155 , R 91 , W 68,90,93,94, 104, 110, 116 Keene, C 14,24 Kemp,F.J 239 , H 239 Kidd, J. H 205 King,J 124 Kirrage, W 140, 222 Kleist,F. W. 174 LaBastida,Ede 207 Lacaze, 184 ,E 195 Laine',A 231 Lake, W.R 250 Latta,A 109 Lavater, M. L. J... 221,228, 233, 238 Lawrence, F. L 158 Lecocq,J.F. J 173 Lees,W. L 241 Lefevre, J 81 LeGras,L. N 63 Lemaistre, H., and Company 240 Lemettais,P. E .120 Lemoine, F. H 172 Lerenard, A. A 207, 249 Ley,'G. W 64 Loewenberg, H 245 Lorimer, A..'. 41,116,117 Luis, J ..; 134,173 VI 11 INDEX OF NAMES. McBurney, C 256 Macintosh, C 2 , J...56, 60, 126, 127, 130, 136, 161,176,252 Macmiilan, W. J. C 250 McKay,M 195 Magen, H 96 Magnus, L. S 160, 167 Manifold, J. T. 233 Marland, J 121 Marquard, F. 250 Martin, A.J 203 ,J 6 Mason, J 250 Mathevon,J. 219 Mayall, T 230 , T. F 245, 246 Mayall, T.J. 156 Meeus, P. J 86 Mennons, M. A. F 201, 223 Merrian,M.H. ....107 Metcalf, J 114 Miller, J. W. M 248 ,T 191 Moissant cV Co 145 Morey,A. C 119 , C 100 , C., widow of. 11.9 Moseley, C 255,260 , D 131,144 149 , J 258 Moulton, S 32,50,185 Mulct, L. A 224 Mulholland, F. G 224, 227, 248 Murphy, J. ....157 Muschamp, J. B 81 Myers, E 202 ,T 202 Newey, T. H 107 Newton, A. V....24, 48, 49, 68, 91, 104, 115, 130, 156, 164, 178, 179, 181 , W. E...19, 47, 89, 90, 118, 120, 121, 125, 157, 161, 1.65, 168, 171, 184, 206 Nickels, C 8, 13, 43, 7off! ,E 70 Ninck,J 119 Noirot, J. B.J 177 Normandy, A. R. le Mire de...67 Norris,L.H 226 Ogg,A 92 Palmer, C.R.N 112 Parker, B 125, 128 Parkes, A.. ..16, 27, 108, 240, 247 . , J. T 199 Parmelee, S. T 129 Patrick, H.W 146, 155 Payne, E. J 45 Peal, S 1 Penney, H 100 Perroncel, F 75, 243 Phillips, R 38 Pickersgill, J 8 Pidding, W 69 Pitman, J.T 163, 177, 178 Pontifex, S. R 253 Poole, M 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 Putnam, C. S 132 Quinet, A. M. 237 Remiere, H. A 211 Ricardo, J. L 42 Richard, A. C 173 Richards, T 46 Richardson, B 123 Rider, E 51,80, 116 Rigg,R 220 Rimmel,E 96 Ritchie, G 114 , J. H. junior 238 Ross, G 95 Rostaing, C. S 167 Ryder, J 87 ,W 87 Sarazin, A 183 Sautelet, E. C. F 106 INDEX OF NAMES. IX Scarborough, J. V 250 Schiele, C 174 Scoutetten, H. J 73 Seager,R .162 Seymour, P. W 260 Shephard,W.A 200 Siemens, C. W 218 , E.W 46 Sievier, R. W 6 Silver, H. A 174, 188 , S.W 213,233,241 Simpson, E. L 220, 259 , G 44 Sinnock, W.. 150,167 Smith, H. F 249 , W 135, 166, 171 Snell,W 223 Societ^ Chartier et Companie. 209 Sorel, S. T.M 85, 122 Spill, D 225 , G 124, 225 Spilsbury, F. G 204 Stansbury, C. F 92, 107 Steinlen,C. V Ill Stevens, B. F 242 , C 184, 195 Stevens, S 242 Stoneham, J. T 93 Story, R 240 Tayler, C 121 Taylor, A 225,232 Taylor, W 46 Thomas, P. E 185 Tomlinson, E 107 Page Tooth, W.H 193 Truman, E. T 182, 187, 190 Trumble, P 86 Turner, A 186,235 , J. A 163 ,W. A Ill Twilley, F. H 231 Tyler,J.T 60 Vaillant, C 207 Varroc,De,E 78 Vasserot, C. F 141 Vaughan,E.P.H 253 Wacrenier, H. V. 109 Waithman, R. W 84 Walton,F 156 Warden, G. C 214 Warne, W...136, 142, 148, 150, 152 Warren, P , 60 West, C 139,197 Westhead, J.P 5,38 White, D.B 85 Whitehead, J. H 252 Wiese,J. 223 Wilkinson, W 65 Williams, J. F 196 Willis, E. C 89 Wiese,W.P 3 Woodcock, A. B 176 Wray, L 137, 140 Wright, W 18 Wylde, J., the younger 46 Yeadon, S... 113 I.H. PREPARiTION OF INDIA RUBBER AND GUTTA PERCHA. A.D. 1791, May 2. N 1801. PEAL, SAMUEL. "An improved method of making and ren- " dering perfectly waterproof all kinds of leather, cotton, linnen, " and woollen cloths, silks, stuffs, paper, wood, and other maim- " factures and substances, for the purpose of being worked up " into shoes, boots, and other wearing apparel, and to be used on " all occasions where dryness or a power of repelling wet or " moisture may be required." This consists, in reference to this subject, as follows : " Take caoutchouc or (what is called in this " country) elastic gum or india rubber ; dissolve the same by " distillation, or by infusion in a small quantity of spirits of " turpentine, over a brisk fire ; it may also be dissolved by in- " fusion in other spirits, and in most kinds of oils ; or the gum " may be used with equal advantage in its native fluid state. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1797, July 26. N 2183. JOHNSON, HENRY. " A certain waterproof compound, and a " vegetable liquid, which liquid is for the purpose of bleaching, " whitening, and cleansing woolens, linens, cottons, and other " articles;" "and also for preparing stuffs or cloths made of tf woolen, linen, cotton, or silk, in order, by the application of the d. No Drawings. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 9 (new series), p. 162; and London Journal (Newton s), vol. 11 (conjoined series), p. 10.] A.D. 1837, April 18. N 7344. HANCOCK, THOMAS. " An improvement or improvements in " the process of rendering cloth and other fabrics partially or " entirely impervious to air and water, by means of caoutchouc " or india-rubber. This consists, in reference to this subject, as follows : The india rubber, cut in small pieces, is cleaned, dried, and passed through rollers two or three times. This forms it into a sheet, and warms it. It is then put into a masticator, which may be described as a hollow cylinder with closed ends, having a grooved shaft passing through it, and filling a considerable part of the cylinder ; this shaft revolves, and kneads the india rubber into a compact roll. This roll is cut into proper pieces, and these are warmed in a stove to a given heat, passed through heated rollers, also of a given temperature, to reduce them into sheets ; these are moistened by any suitable means ; with " coal, " oil, or other solvent of india rubber, and, if it is required, coloring matter may be sifted in now or afterwards. They are left in a covered vessel for several hours, and blended together in the masticator. The mass will be " rather more firm than dough " or putty." [Printed, lOrf. Drawings.] AND GUTTA PERCHA. 11 A.D. 1838, January 23. N 7549. HANCOCK, THOMAS. "Improvements in the method of " manufacturing or preparing caoutchouc, either alone or in " combination with other substances," and these consist as follows : The caoutchouc having been prepared as described in No. 7344, Old Law is spread by the machine, " a hollow box of " metal brought down at the bottom nearly to an edge, not quite " sharp, but rounded," with arrangements to fix it at any particular distance from the machine over which the fabric passes, upon " linen, silk, cotton, or other suitable cloth," which has been previously saturated so as to " fill the texture with common glue, " size, gum, paste, or any other similar substance easily remove- " able by water," and dried. " If one coating is not sufficient " the coating operation is repeated, " and when the coating is dry " the whole is immersed " in moderately warm water, 55 and kept there " until the gum or size is sufficiently softened to allow the " caoutchouc to be separated from the cloth." If " sheets are " required of greater thickness than can be conveniently made by " successive coatings upon one cloth," the caoutchouc is spread upon two cloths, and the two coated sides are united together before they are quite dry, and the cloth stripped off from one side. A third coating, which has been spread upon prepared cloth as before described, may be added to it, " and continue to add fresh " coatings in the same manner until the required thickness is " obtained." Instead of filling the cloth with gum, &c., one side " may be covered with paper pasted on and caoutchouc spread " upon it/' &c. " Sheets to be used as tablets for writing or " drawing on with crayons, French chalk, &c." are formed " by " adding pumice powder, fine emery, or other similar gritty sub- " stances," either in the manner described in No. 7344, Old Law, with reference to coloring matters, " or by coatings of these sub- " stance smixed with a thin solution of caoutchouc after the sheets and in the application thereof, alone, and in com- AND GUTTA PERCHA. 37 " bination with other materials, to various manufacturing pur- " poses ;" and these are, first, " the mode of preparing or treating " gutta percha alone, and in combination with other materials, by " means of baths." For temperatures a little above boiling water, a bath is made of a solution saturated, or nearly so, of some alka- line salt or earth, or any other soluble substance. Carbonates of potash or soda, or muriate of lime, or any salt which will not act prejudicially upon the material, may be employed. For higher temp erasures, fixed oils or fats, &c., are used. If the temperature of the bath is too high, or if the substance of which it is com- posed would act injuriously upon the gutta percha, &c., the gutta percha, &c., should be enveloped in cloth, plaster of Paris, clay, &c. A bath which will produce a chemical change upon the gutta percha, &c., is sometimes selected, such as of a caustic alkali, or sulphuret of an alkali. Second, " the method of manufacturing gutta percha, or any of its compounds, into vessels and hollow wares," " by blowing or " forcing air or some other fluid into a bag or piece of caoutchouc " placed within the material of which any vessel or article is " intended to be made, and at the same time (if necessary) sub- " jecting the exterior parts of the material to pressure " of moulds, to give it the form required. In some cases it may be necessary to protect the outside of a piece of gutta percha, &c., this is done " by a covering of caoutchouc." Third, "combining gutta percha with other materials," in order to harden it and render it more durable, better adapted for bearing friction and resisting the effects of the weather. The gutta percha is boiled for an hour or more in a bath of caustic alkali, and mixed in certain proportions with oxides of iron and lead, glue and bituminous matter. [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 48, p. 328.] A.D. 1847, October 21. N 11,917. FORSTER, THOMAS. "Improvements in combining gutta " percha with certain materials, and in the application thereof to " waterproofing fabrics, and in the moulding various articles " therefrom, in finishing the surface of articles made from gutta " percha, or gutta percha combined with other materials, and in " cleansing gutta percha ;" and these are, in reference to this subject, first, combining gutta percha with animal charcoal, ground 38 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER whalebone, hydrate of sulphur, fragrant essential oils, musk, tonquin beans, orris root, or gum benzoin. Second, combining gutta percha with ground bones, horns, hoofs, whalebone, or shavings of these matters, or animal charcoal, hydrate of sulphur, with or without perfumes, or colouring matter. Third. To cleanse gutta percha " I first cut up the blocks into f< small pieces with a knife worked by an eccentric motion, or " otherwise." " These pieces I then pass cold through a pair " of crushing rollers they are then well washed in water at 80, " not warmer, and then put while wet into a cold masticating " pan " similar to one described in No, 10,092, Old Law. [Printed, 8d. 'Drawing. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 11 (enlarged series), p. 303 ; Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 48, p. 450 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 4. p. 574.] A.D. 1847, November 4. N 11,940. WESTHEAD, JOSHUA PROCTOR. (A communication.} "Im- provements in the manufacture or treating of india rubber j" and these are, " manufacturing or treating india rubber by subjecting " it to dry and moist heat, and sulphurous acid gas, or products " of burning sulphur/' and tf treating india rubber in waterproof " fabrics by subjecting such fabrics to heat, steam, and air." The goods or articles are put into a chamber, the air of which is brought to 180 Fahrenheit, and sulphurous acid gas admitted and circulated by a fan for about an hour and a half, and the heat of the chamber raised to 220 ; steam is then admitted into the chamber, which is now brought to about 280, and which takes about two hours; " the steam is allowed to flow off; and the pro- " cess is completed by again causing heated air to flow through " the vessel " or chamber, " which dries and hardens the india " rubber." [Printed, lOd. Drawings. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 11 (enlarged series), p. 345 ; London Journal (Newton's), vol. 32 (conjoined series), p. 347 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 4, p. 600.] A.D. 1847, December 30. N 12,007. HANCOCK, THOMAS, and PHILLIPS, REUBEN." Improve- " ments in the treating or manufacture of gutta percha, or any of " the varieties of caoutchouc " and these consist in dissolving gutta percha or any of the varieties of caoutchouc, or reducing AND GUTTA PERCHA. 39 them to a soft, pulpy, or gelatinous state after they have under- gone the process of " vulcanization " or " conversion ;" also in treating unvulcanized solutions or preparations of these sub- stances, so as to bring them to a vulcanized state ; also in im- provements in moulds employed in the manufacture of articles from these substances. The terms "vulcanizing" and "con- " verting," as applied to these matters, are now well known as designating certain improvements in the manufacture of caout- chouc, whereby it is rendered less liable to be affected by variations of temperature ; and the improved solutions, when dried, partake more or less of the same property. The first-named process is described in the Specification of a Patent, No. 9952, Old Law, and the second in the Specification of a Patent, granted to Alexander Parkes, No. 11,147, Old Law. In operating on these substances when in a vulcanized or converted state, take the waste or cuttings of these materials and pass them between rollers, or otherwise reduce them to shreads or sheets, and boil them in oil of turpen- tine until they are dissolved, keeping the mass well stirred during the operation. Other solvents may be used, such as coal naphtha, and other essential oils ; but the necessary temperature in such cases cannot well be attained without employing dosed vessels, oil of turpentine is therefore preferred. Instead of operating upon the cuttings or waste vulcanized or converted caoutchouc, take a solution of unvulcanized or unconverted caoutchouc, and mix sulphur with it, in the proportion of from 8 to 12 parts of sulphur to 100 parts of dry caoutchouc, and then submit the mixture to a temperature of about 300, or from that to the boiling point of oil of turpentine, for a period varying from 15 to 30 minutes, and a somewhat similar result is obtained ; or the caoutchouc, the sol- vent, and the sulphur may be treated in the same manner, without previously disturbing the caoutchouc ; but it is preferred to employ the vulcanized or converted waste, the appropriating of which to a useful purpose being the chief object had in view. These vulcanized solutions are applied to a great variety of purposes, and for coating or saturating leather, cloth, felt, and other fabrics, wood, metal, paper, plaster casts, and other articles to be protected from air and wet, and as cements ; also for pouring or pressing into moulds. Colors are mixed with these vulcanized solutions, and they are so used for coating, colouring, printing, &c. Boiled oils, japan, varnishes, gums, resins, pitch, asphalte, me- tallic oxides, earths, wood and cork dust, and fibrous and other 40 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER substances are mixed with these solutions, and the results applied to various purposes. Making moulds of materials capable of being dissolved or melted at temperatures so low as not to be injurious to the manufactured material, such as " Darceys' alloy " or " compound of gum, glue, " &c." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 49, p. 45 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 5, p. 202.] A.D. 1848, April 27 N 12,136. BARLOW, WILLIAM HENRY, and FORSTER, THOMAS." Im- " provements in electric telegraphs, and in apparatus connected " therewith ; and these are, in reference to this subject, : When gutta percha is not alone used for covering telegraphic wires, it is combined with cowrie or New Zealand gum, and flowers or milk of sulphur. Eight parts, by weight of gutta percha in a suitable kneading machine heated to about 120 F., have added to them one part, by weight of flowers or milk of sulphur, and one part, by weight of the above gum in powder. This makes " what is con- " sidered the best compound," but " we do not confine ourselves " thereto, and other matters may be mixed with gutta percha." [Printed, 2s. 2d. Drawings. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 13 (enlarged series'), Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 49, p. 497 ; Artizan, vol. 7, p. 82.] A.D. 1848, May 11. N 12,153. HANCOCK, CHARLES. " Certain improved preparations and " compounds of gutta percha, and certain improvements in the " manufacture of articles and fabrics composed of gutta percha " alone, and in combination with other substances;" and these are, employing " glass moulds to give a polish to the exterior, or ** parts of the exterior, of shoes and galoshes made in whole or " in part of gutta percha." Employing other " improved preparations and compounds of " gutta percha." Gutta percha, previously boiled with muriate of lime, is passed between heated cylinders while rosin is sifted on ; or solutions of the two are made and mixed ; this is em- ployed " where complete electric insulation is desirable." Gutta percha, shellac, and borax are mixed and compounded. [Printed, IQd. Drawing. See 'Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 49, p. 490 Artizan, vol. 7, p. 83 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 6, p. 76.] AND GUTTA PERCHA. 41 A.D. 1848, July 10. N 12,206. LORIMER, ANTHONY. " Improvements in combining gutta percha and caoutchouc with other materials ;" and these are to be, first, ft the means of cleansing gutta percha preparatory to compounding and using the same." And a series of cutters are shown by which it may be cut into shavings ; these shavings are afterwards torn in a machine, by three revolving bars with spikes (the bottom of this machine " is made of wire gauze to let " the small dust fall through"), and afterwards treated in a " welding trough " or masticator. When the shavings are required very pure, they are boiled " for about ten minutes in " water acidulated with oxalic acid." Second, " combining gutta percha with " the following matters : " Burned clay, burned flint, broken articles of porcelain, earthen- " ware, and china, marble, Portland, Cornish, and other stones, " crushed and sifted ; also the oxide of zinc and the oxide of " copper, the hydrate of lime and oxalate of lime; also a compound " of lime slacked with oxalic acid dissolved in water." Third, " combining caoutchouc " with oxide of zinc and the " oxalate of lime ; also the compound produced by slacking lime " with oxalic acid and water." [Printed, lOd. Drawing. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 13, (enlarged series), &171 ; London Journal (Newton's), vol. 84 (conjoined series), p. 26; echanics' Magazine, vol. 50, p, 47 ; Artizan, vol. 7, p. 133 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 6, p. 146.] A.D. 1848, July 29. N 12,223. HANCOCK, CHARLES. "Improvements in apparatus and " machinery for giving shape and configuration to plastic sub- " substances ;" and these are, first, "the apparatus for moulding " hollow wares," "as far as regards the base chuck and the " shifting moulds or pattern pieces connected therewith." The " base chuck has dovetails cut lengthwise in its four faces " " for " the reception of four mould pieces," " having dovetailed fillets " to correspond." The moulds or pattern pieces are flat on " their inner faces, and provided with fillets to slide into the " dovetailed grooves of the chuck," so that all that is required when a change of pattern is necessary " is to withdraw one set of " patterns and substitute another." Second, " the apparatus for moulding hollow wares," whether " used with or without the parts thereof relating to cooling." 42 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER This apparatus consists of a hollow female mould, into which a male mould is made to press. The material to be moulded is put into the hollow mould, and the male mould presses upon it, while an arrangement causes the female mould to rotate, while, at the same time, either hot water or cold water or steam passes up into the interior of the hollow female mould. Third, " the apparatus for preparing plastic materials in so far " as regards the combination therein, of a vertical presser, with a " horizontal bed filled with hot water or steam, whether such table " is fixed or movable." Fourth, " the apparatus for moulding plastic substances into " continuous lengths with supporting cores of wire, cord, and " other like tenacious substances, and the several modifications " thereof, in so far as regards the combination of a die box and " a cylinder with piston, each working or operating in directions " at right angles to or more or less tangential to the other." Fifth, " the modification of the apparatus which forms the " subject of the preceding claim, whereby it is adapted to the " production of short lengths of plastic materials of any required " form with interior supporting cores." Sixth, the improved apparatus for forming plastic substances " into balls, in so far as respects its application to other sub- " stances than metals." This improved apparatus consists of a pair of rollers made to rotate in close contact with one another. In the periphery of each roller a number of semicircular hollows are cut out, corresponding with a similar set of hollows in the periphery of the other roller, " so that when two such hollows are " brought together face to face they form an entire circle or *' sphere." The plastic substance is supplied to the rollers from a feeding table. Although gutta percha is not named in this Speci- fication, it is the plastic substance to which this invention is specially directed. [Printed, Is. 8(7. Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 50,~p. 116 ; Artizan, vol. 7, p. 154 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 6, p. 176.] A.D. 1848, September 4. N 12,262. RICARDO, JOHN LEWIS." Improvements in electric telegraphs " and in apparatus connected therewith;" and these are, in refe- rence to this subject : " In place of using gutta percha it is pre- " ferred to use that material combined with gum cowrie, or New " Zealand gum and flowers, or milk of sulphur" in the pro- AND GUTTA PERCHA, 43 proportions of one part by weight of the flowers or milk of sulphur, one part by weight of the gum, and eight parts by weight of the gutta percha. [Printed, Qd. Drawing. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 14 (enlarged series), p. 1; London Journal (Newton's), vol. 34 (conjoined series), p. 159 ; Me- chanics' Magazine, vol. 50, p. 232 ; Artizan, vol. 7, p. 159 ; Patent Journal, vol. 6, p. 216 ; and Engineers' and Architects' Journal, vol. 12, p. 118.] A.D. 1849, January 11. N 12,407. NICKELS, CHRISTOPHER. " Improvements in preparing and " manufacturing india rubber (caoutchouc) " and these are, first, " constructing the kneading rollers with flanches," and causing the kneading rollers, " with or without flanches " to work out of " the centre of the cylinder or trough." The "machinery is similar " to that " described in the Specification of Patent No. 7213, Old " Law, only the masticating roller has flanches " "by which the " india rubber is prevented from coming against the ends of the " fixed trough or cylinder." There is also another arrangement of kneading machine, the kneading roller of which ' ' is placed and " works excentrically within the trough or cylinder," and it may have flanches or otherwise. Second, " manufacturing india rubber by combining sulphur or " matters containing sulphur or products of sulphur by grinding, " kneading, or masticating the same in a manner suitable for " making elastic thread or sheets and other articles, and yet " retaining the property of piecing up and of kneading or masti- " eating;" also " combining sulphur fumes with india rubber," and masticating the rubber combined, as above, f ' with phos- " phorous." The rubber is masticated with the sulphur, &c. in the usual manner, the rollers being heated. The sulphur fumes are combined with the rubber by passing them from a retort into the masticator. In applying fumes of sulphur, " hydrogen passed " into the machine will be advantageous ; or, in place thereof, " phosphorous in small particles, or vapour thereof used in very " small quantities, will be found highly beneficial." After masti- cating, the products are to be submitted to pressure (hydraulic is preferred), and the moulds heated externally to about 220 to 250. [Trinted, Is. Drawings. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 15 (enlarged series), p. 224; London Journal (Neiffton's), , vol. 35 (conjoined series), p, 21; and Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 51, p. 45. J 44 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1849, April 26. N 12,585. SIMPSON, GEORGE, and FORSTER, THOMAS. " Improve- (f ments in the manufacture or treating solvents of india rubber " and other gums or substances ;" and these are, first, manufac- turing chloride or bichloride of carbon, and applying the same for dissolving india rubber, gutta percha, and other gums or gum resinous substances not soluble in water, thus obtaining new " solutions of those substances." This is effected as follows : Bisulphuret of carbon is distilled from a retort or still having a steam jacket, and passes to the bottom of a vessel heated similarly, and containing pentachloride of antimony; from the top of this second vessel a pipe leading to a condenser receives the chloride of carbon. The product is rectified by distilling with lime, and the resins are dissolved by it " in like manner to that " heretofore resorted to when using the solvents heretofore " employed." India rubber is changed by the chloride, and is not so readily effected by cold, &c. Second. " Treating coal oil with chloride of lime." In place of pentachloride of antimony, having a solution of chloride of lime, passing the vapour of the coal oil with steam into it, and con- densing as before. [Printed, Qd. Drawing. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 14 (enlarged series'), p. 344 ; London Journal (Newton's), vol. 35 (conjoined series), p. 332 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 8, p. 80.] A.D. 1849, April 26.N 12,591. BURKE, WILLIAM HENRY. " Improvements in the manufac- " ture of air-proof and water-proof fabrics, and in the preparation " of caoutchouc and gutta percha, either alone or in combination " with other materials, the same being applicable to articles of " wearing apparel, bands, straps, and other similar useful pur- poses j" and these are, in reference to this subject, treating " caoutchouc or caoutchouc and gutta percha combined with " precipitated sulphuret of antimony, mixing by means of a masti- cater, submitting it to pressure, and afterwards to heat. It is stated that rubber so prepared is superior to that vulcanized by free sulphur. Sheets of considerable length may be made by spreading the material from the masticator on cloth saturated with chalk, &c., which allows the sheet to be separated from the AND GUTTA PERCHA. 45 cloth after it is heated. It may be spread on leather, &c., &c., mixed with colors, or otherwise, and heated. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See Repertory of Arts, vol. 14 (enlarged series}, p. 365; London Journal (Newton's), vol. 35 (conjoined series), p. 384; Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 51,"p. 430 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 8, p. G9.] A.D. 1849, May 1. N 12,597. DALTON, JOHN. "A certain improvement or certain improve- " ments in printing calicoes and other surfaces." These are, in reference to this subject, in applying gutta percha to the web or lapping of a printing cylinder or machine, dissolving five pounds of the gutta percha in one gallon of " benzole, naptha, " spirit of turpentine, camphine, bisulphuret of carbon or other " proper solvents," but, preferring benzole or bisulphuret of " carbon " on account of their " being exceedingly volatile." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 51, p. 448 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 8, p. 94.] A.D. 1849, June 7. N 12,643. PAYNE, EDWARD JOHN. (A communication.') " Improvements " in marine vessels, in apparatus for the preservation of human life, " and in moulding, joining, and finishing hollow and solid figures, " composed wholly or in part of certain gums or combinations of " certain gums " " and in apparatus and machinery to be used for " the purposes above mentioned ;" and these are in reference to this subject, take gutta percha in the state it is imported and re- duce it to small scraps, half fill a kettle with these scraps, pour in water till within six inches of the top, add from four to ten per cent, of common salt, and from 2 to 5 per cent, of oil of vitrol, put on the lid, boil for an hour ; the mixture is taken out with a ladle. This compound is pressed in presses constructed on the principle of a common cheese press, and between two highly polished iron plates, and afterwards it is brushed. To increase the strength and toughness of the material, the cake, slightly warmed, is passed over an anvil and beaten with hammers or passed in a soft state between a pair of flanged rollers, and thus cut into strips which are laid side by side, boiled until they adhere, and twisted into a rope, again boiled and pressed into a cake, and the brushing may now be repeated or not, and the plates cut up to suit the moulds, which should be heated to about 75 F., and wetted with soapy water, and are then ready to 46 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER receive the boiling plates or cakes taken from the boiler by means of a spoon or ladle. Some qualities require cooling by immersing the moulds in cold water f< dissolving, treating, and combining " gutta percha, india-rubber, gummy copal, gummy damar, resin, " shellac, tar, pitch, linseed oil, sugar of lead, white of lead, " litharge, alum, and spirits of turpentine, all or any of them, " and producing thereby waterproofing compounds, varnishes, c< and paints to be employed for coating and covering the surfaces " of articles, and as cements for joining articles, and whether " combined with colouring matters or not." Four compounds are described and the proportions in which the substances are to be employed are given. "In any of the compounds wherein " india.-rubber is employed combined with gutta percha, the " india-rubber is to be placed first in the kettle with the gummy " copal and linseed oil, the gutta percha is then added when the " india-rubber is on the point of being dissolved; and when " gummy dammar is employed, it is added when the india-rubber " and gutta percha are on the point of being dissolved; gummy " copal being always introduced first." [Printed, Is. 2d. Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 51, p. 571 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 8, p. 128.] A.D. 1850, March 2. N 12,986. RICHARDS, THOMAS, TAYLOR, WILLIAM, and WYLDE, JAMES, the younger. " Improved rollers to be used in the " manufacture of silk, cotton, woollen, and other fabrics." These are, in reference to this subject: "The india-rubber tubes or " pipes by which the rollers are to be covered, after having been " subjected to the vulcanizing or metallo-thionizing process, are " to be boiled for a time, varying from four to six hours, in an " alkaline solution (preferring caustic soda or caustic potass), to " which we add flower of sulphur. The alkalies have a tendency " to render the caoutchouc more solid, while the sulphur gives " to the surface a certain degree of roughness, which renders it " better adapted for the operation of drawing." [Printed, Qd. Drawing. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 37 (conjoined series), p. 174; Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 53, p. 199 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 9, p. 274.] A.D. 1850, April 23. N 13,062. SIEMENS, ERNST WERNER. ' Improvements in electric tele- " graphs," and these are very numerous, and in the manufacture AND GUTTA PERCHA. 47 of coated wire for electric telegraph purposes. These are, in reference to this subject, "in preparing line wire suitable for " being laid under ground," the wire is coated with a combination of gutta percha and sulphur, gutta percha entirely freed from water is mixed with sulphur in " very fine powder by means of " rollers, and then to affect their chemical combination by heating " the mixture in a steam chamber." This compound has great hardness. [Printed, 5s. 6d. Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine vol. 53, p. 356; Practical Mechanics' Journal, vol. 5, p. 25 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 10, p. 69.] A.D. 1850, May 7. N 13,069. GERARD, GUSTAVE EUGENE MICHEL. "Improvements in " dissolving caoutchouc (india rubber) and gutta percha." These are said to be " mixing with the solvent, of whatever nature it " may be, a certain quantity of alchohol," and afterwards " mace- < e rate the caoutchouc or gutta percha ;" " they will expand a very " little, and at the end of twenty-four hours it will become of the " state of paste, and may be moulded into any required form." The solvents mixed with the alcohol, and which are preferred, are " sulphuret of carbon, sulphuric ether, naphtha, essential oils of " coals of turpentine, and chloroform." 16 (enlarged series) , ined series), p. 88; Patent Journal, vol. 10, p. 95.] [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See Repertory of Arts, vol. &34; London Journal (Newton's), vol. 41 (conjo eclianics' Magazine, vol. 53, p, 379 ; and Patent Joui A.D. 1850, June 6. N 13,103. NEWTON, WILLIAM EDWARD. (A communication.} " Im- " provements applicable to boots, shoes, and other coverings for " or appliances to the feet ;" and these are, in reference to this subject, " making that kind of shoes known as clogs " " of " india-rubber sponge," " moulded of the desired form with the " upper part of the sole." " I compound with the india-rubber prepared in the usual " manner for vulcanizing one quarter of a pound of sugar or " resin to one pound of india-rubber, and after the compound " has been worked and treated in the usual manner, I form the " clog in a mould, and subject it to the curing or vulcanizing " process by heat by which it is rendered spongy and light." In 48 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER place of using sugar or resin, employing other substances which will evolve gas in quantities during the curing. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 41 (con- joined series), p. 89; Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 53, p. 476; and Patent Journal, vol. 10, p. 208.] A.D. 1850, July 9. N 13,1/0. NEWTON, ALFRED VINCENT. (A communication.} " Improve- " ments in the preparation and manufacture of caoutchouc or " India rubber ;" and these are, using " gum lac or shellac in its " various forms in the preparation or manufacture of caoutchouc "or India rubber, with or without the application of artificial " heat." Any of the kinds of lac are combined with india rubber in various proportions, according to what purpose the result is to be applied, and either by grinding or by their solvents. When the compound is intended to be used in certain manufac- tures, sulphur in small quantity is mixed with it. The fabric thus made with, or dusted with sulphur, is deprived of its tacki- ness by exposure to the sun. A cement is made by mixing "one " part of gum lac or shellac with two parts of caoutchouc, by " grinding or triturating them together in the usual manner, and " I add a sufficient quantity of camphine or other solvent of " caoutchouc to render the compound of the proper consistency. " I generally mix with the cement a small quantity of finely " divided sulphur, say two or three ounces of sulphur to one " pound of the composition used." Sometimes this compound is used to make thin fabrics, and generally, when used in thick fabrics or masses, the compound is submitted to a high degree of heat, say about 270 F. In heating, following the processes described in Specification of Patent, No. 10,027, Old Law, " earths, oxides/ or carbonates, " or salts of lead, or zinc, or other metals," may be mixed with this compound. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 39, (con- joined series), p. 434; Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 54, p. 58 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 10, p. 210.] A.D. 1851, January 16. N 13,453. BUCHHOLZ, GUSTAV ADOLPH.- " Of improvements in print- " ing, and in the manufacture of printing apparatus, and also in " folding and cutting apparatus j" and these are, in reference to AND GUTTA PERCHA. 49 this subject, the gutta percha used for inking rollers, in pre- ference, is "softened by the action of an acid." "The soft " gutta percha which I use for receiving impressions from " matrixes " also " I prefer to soften in the following manner: I take gutta percha in a divided state and macerate it until all " the acid is removed, after which I wash it in water, and it is " then ready for use." [Printed, 6*. 6d. Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 55, p. 77 ; and Patent Journal, vol. 11, p. 263.] A.D. 1851, March 4. N 13,542. NEWTON, ALFRED VINCENT. (A communication from Mr. Goodyear.) " Improvements in the preparation of materials for " the production of a composition or compositions applicable to the " manufacture of buttons, knife and razor handles, inkstands, " door knobs, and other articles where hardness, strength, and " durability are required j" and these are, first, treating caout- chouc or gutta percha, or caoutchouc and gutta percha combined, by mixing them with sulphur and heating them to a high tem- perature, or mixing them with sulphur and other substances and heating them. The other substances mentioned are magnesia, lime, or the carbonates or sulphates of magnesia or lime, or " cal- " cined French chalk or other magnesian earth," " gum, lac, or " shellac,*' " rosin, oxides or salts of lead or zinc of all colors, and " other similar substances, both mineral and vegetable, may be " added in small quantities to either of the compounds." These compounds are mixed by a masticating machine, and rolled into sheets and manufactured into the articles desired. " The corn- " pounds or compositions after heating or curing will attain a " hard and stiff character resembling tortoise shell, home, bone, " ivory, or jet." Second, applying these compositions when hardened by heating, or before heating by moulding, shaping, and afterwards heating, also uniting them to iron or other metals, &c., which will bear heat, and afterwards heating. The degree of heat required depends upon the size or thickness of the article, but in ordinary cases the heat should be raised to about 260 or 270 F., and exposed to such heat about 4 hours ; as a general rule, however, the heat should range from 250 to 300 F., and the time of exposure from 2 to 6 hours. I.K. D 50 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER By a Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration enrolled the 21st day of February 1853, the following observation is made : " It should be stated that further experience has shown that " although foreign matters may be introduced into these compounds) " their use should be sparing, as they tend to weaken and otherwise " injure the compounds;" and likewise " but in no case do I claim " to use a less quantity of sulphur than four ounces to every pound " of gutta percha " [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 40 (con- joined series), p. 9; Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 55, p. 219; and Patent Journal, vol. 11, p. 276.] A.D. 1851, August 14. N 13,721. MOULTON, STEPHEN. " Certain improvements in the prepa- " ration of gutta percha and caoutchouc, and in the application " thereof;" and these are combining gutta percha alone or mixed with caoutchouc " with the acids of sulphur of a lower " degree of oxygenation than sulphuric acid in combination with " suitable bases," preferring ' ' a hyposulphite which can be used " alone or combined with the salts of the acids of sulphur, or " with the sulphurets," by making a mixture of sulphite or hypo- sulphite of lead or of zinc, and the artificial sulphuret of lead or zinc with gutta percha, alone, or combined with caoutchouc, and submitting them to a high temperature. Also " using Paris white " or chalk in the mixture ;" also " combining therewith carbonate " of magnesia." These mixtures are treated in the same manner as set forth in the Specification of Patent No. 11,567, Old Law. [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings. See London Journal (Newton's), vol. 40 (con- joined series), p. 363; Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 56, p. 158; and Artizan, vol. 10, p. 66.] A.D. 1851, September 4. N 13,738. DUNCAN, JOHN WALLACE. " Improvements in engines for " applying the power of steam or other fluids for impelling pur- " poses, and in the manufacture of appliances for transmitting " motion ;" " and these are," in reference to this subject " The manufacture of wheels and bosses (used in machinery " for preparing and spinning fibrous materials) of gutta percha " and other substances, masticated and combined by machinery." The gutta percha in its native state "is cut into shreds of a " fibrous character," and " submitted to a machine similar to that AND GUTTA PERCHA. 51 " known as Calvert's Patent Cotton Opening or Cleaning " Machine," to teaze out the dirt. The gutta percha and similar analogous substances, as " catimundo," may be used alone ; but a combination is described as employed, of cannel coal, gutta percha, alone, or combined with "tintowa" (jintawan?), or " catimundo." These are ground in a masticator ; heat is applied, and for this purpose " the gaseous products of the combustion of " coke" are employed. The heat gradually encreases till it rises to 350 F. [Printed, 2s. 4sd. Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 56, p. 237.] A.D. 1852, January 12. N 13,894. DUTHOIT, ALCIDE MARCELLIN. "An improved chemical " combination of certain agents for obtaining a new plastic pro- '' duct ;" and this may be made of " common oxide of zinc, " purified oxide of zinc, amianthus, fusible spar (or sulphate of * barytes), and other analogous substances, with purified and " bleached gutta percha." The gutta percha is " purified and ee bleached " by means of dissolving in pure naphtha, or benzole, or sulphuret of carbon. These substances are mixed singly and in different proportions with the gutta percha solution, according to the object for which they may be required. To give elasticity (f for certain applications," caoutchouc is added in certain pro- portions. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 57, p. 59.] A.D. 1852, July 20. N 14,230. RIDER, EMERY. (A communication.) " Improvements in the " manufacture or treatment of india rubber and gutta percha, and " the application thereof;" and these are, first, preparing "gutta " percha by preliminary heating," so "that the volatile and " oleaginous fluids " are " expelled." This is preferred to be done " by means of hot metal rollers," or " in a stove heated by " steam or hot air." Second, " producing a new material, permanently elastic, not " liable to be affected by any change or degree of temperature. After preparing the gutta percha as above, it is, " either alone, or " in combination with caoutchouc, mixed with the well-known " ingredients," cured or vulcanized. Hyposulphite of lead or " zinc is preferred. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. See Mechanics' Magazine, vol. 58, p. 116 ] D 2 52 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1852, September 18. N 14,299. POOLE, MOSES. (A communication from Mr. Goodyear.} "Im- " provements in combining caoutchouc and other matters ;" and these are, " combining of a product of coal tar, caoutchouc, and " sulphur, and subjecting the same to heat ;" and it is stated that no claim is made " to the application of heat to caoutchouc f( combined with sulphur, when the product of coal tar described, " or of the vegetable or mineral pitch, is not combined therewith." " The product of coal tar or of vegetable or mineral pitch " " is " obtained by boiling the coal tar (which is produced in the " manufacture of coal gas) for two and a half to three hours, or " until it is little less hard than resin, and about the consistency d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, March 9. N 598 PIDDING, WILLIAM. " Improvements in treating sheets of tf caoutchouc or gutta percha, so as to render the same fit for " ornamental coverings/' These are as follows : Take (t a sheet " of india rubber. (caoutchouc), of such thickness as may be re- " quired ; stretch it, by any known means, to from eight to sixteen " times (more or less as desirable) its original superfice." " Then " print thereon a design or pattern, by any mode of printing, " whether block printing or by cylinder. This design or pattern " is made to show on its surface equidistant dots, or dots printed " according to the design to be used." " Each of these dots must " be perforated by any known means." t( Into each of the holes " perforated in the caoutchouc as aforesaid" "introduce a " stud, or other formed substance, angular, sexagonal, octagonal, " or otherwise shaped, of any convenient size, or of any suitable " material, as electro-plated substances, silica, glass, glazed f( metal, or other substance. On withdrawal of the stretching " press or frame, the sheet of india rubber will collapse to, or " nearly to, its size before stretching." "This fabric will be " found fit for covering shoes, boots, ottomans, carpets, orna- " mental hangings, and for useful and ornamental purposes." " Closer adhesion of the caoutchouc and ornaments " is effected " by boiling the fabric in water, where desirable." " Or instead " of studs," "insert into the holes aforesaid threads of any ma- " terial, drawn as minutely as possible, previously soaked in " gelatine, or any proper adhesive substance, and allowed to dry; " then cut into the required lengths." [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] 70 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1853, March 16. N 656. NICKELS, EDWARD. (A communication.) "Improvements in " preparing lubricating matters;" these are, "employing india " rubber and gutta percha (together or separately), combined by " heat with oily and fatty matters for the purpose of lubricating " the moving parts of machinery," " Tar, pitch, or bituminous " matters may be added." The india rubber and gutta percha are " rolled or pressed into thin sheets or films, placed together or " separately in any suitable vessel, together with sufficient oil to " cover them, and heat gradually applied thereto, which should " be raised to the boiling point, and continued till the india " rubber or gutta percha are dissolved, when a further quantity " of oils or fatty matters, and other matters, if any are to be used, " may be added and combined therewith, without the further ad- " dition of heat beyond what is necessary to melt any fatty " matters which may be added. The matters in all cases are <( to be well mixed by stirring when in the fluid or melted " state." A great variety of compounds may be made in this " manner." [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, April 7. N 842. NICKELS, CHRISTOPHER. " Improvements in machinery for " masticating, kneading, or grinding india-rubber, gutta percha, " and other matters;" these are "using two rollers in each " machine, the rollers are formed with screws on their surfaces, " in place of the teeth or projections heretofore employed, and the " rollers work parallel with each other." The rollers work within a trough, which may, when desired, "have a steam jacket, if the " matters, or any of them, which are being acted on require a " greater heat than is consequent on the process itself." In kneading or treading gutta percha, it is desirable " to use a steam (( pipe to allow steam to flow into the trough for a short time " after the machine has been standing for a time; but when " the machine is continued in work, the heat resulting from " the process is found sufficient for gutta percha and for india " rubber, and for compounds or mixtures containing those " mates." [Printed, Is. Drawings.] AND GUTTA PERCHA, 71 A.D. 1853, April 14. N 906. DUNCAN, JOHN WALLACE. " Certain new combinations of " gutta percha with other materials, and the method of applying " such for use." This consists, in reference to this subject as follows :- compounding gutta percha with Canada balsam, or the balsam of the pinus balsamea, or that from the pinus larix or styrax from the liquid amber styraciflua, or other analogous balsams, in such proportions, and with or without certain propor- tions of shellac or other resinous or bituminous substances, according to the nature of the article to be cemented, so that the compound will bear sufficient heat without decomposing or be- coming greasy on the surface. A cement is prepared as follows :" " Forty pounds of gutta percha, three parts caoutchouc, three " parts shellac, fourteen parts Canada balsam or Venice turpen- " tine, thirty-five parts of balsam from the liquid amber styraci- " flua or styrax, four parts of gum mastic, and one part oxide of " lead. For cementing and joining leather, a cement is "com- " pounded " of " sixty parts of gutta percha, ten parts of shellac, " two parts of caoutchouc, twenty parts of Venice turpentine, and " eight parts of styrax." " A cement adapted for uniting wood " or caulking ships is composed of" "about fifty-five parts of " gutta percha, fifteen parts of shellac, twenty-five parts of Venice " turpentine, and five parts of pitch." "To unite rigid sub- " stances, such as metals, glass, stone, and earthenware, a cement " is compounded of forty-five parts of gutta percha, twenty parts te of shellac, five parts of gum mastic, half a part of oxide of lead, " three parts of styrax, twenty-six and a half part of Venice tur- " pentine, mixing metallic powders, such as cast-iron borings, with this cement improves it for fixing iron railways to stone work, and such like purposes." " To cement and unite small particles of material, such as leather shavings, silk waste, hair and the like," " compound a cement of twenty parts of caseum, fifteen parts of glutin, five parts of coagulated (or livery) lin- seed oil, one part of the oxide of lead, twenty-five parts of Venice turpentine, and thirty-four parts of gutta percha. About eight per cent, of gum ammoniacum may be introduced with advantage in the cement, instead of a like portion of the gluten. The above proportions may be varied, but those given " are found to be the best for the several purposes described." Masticating machines are described, consisting of double cased 72 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER cylinders in which are rotating cylinders; these cylinders are arranged for hot water and steam and have teeth. [Printed, Is. Drawings.] A.D. 1853, April 30. N 1051. BARRETT, BARNABAS. " Improvements in the treatment of " natural and artificial stone, and of articles composed of porous " cements or plaster, for the purpose of hardening and coloring " the same." This consists, in reference to this subject, in using a compound of gutta percha dissolved in coal tar naphtha, or other suitable solvent in the proportion of three parts by weight of gutta percha to eight parts of the solvent. [Printed, 4<7. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, May 4. N 1095. GOODYEAR, CHARLES. " Improvements in combining india " rubber with certain metals ;" these are, in the manufacture of articles combining with "the hard compound made of india " rubber and sulphur in the proportion of two of rubber to one " of sulphur (with or without other matters), subjected to heat " the heat is raised in about half an hour to 230 F., kept up at that for two hours and raised gradually up to 2.95 to 305 during the remainder of the six hours " thin surfaces of gold, silver, or other " metal, exterior or interior of the article of the hard compound." " Supposing it to be desired to ornament or coat, or partly to " coat, a cup or vessel with an exterior coating of open gold " work," " take thin sheet metal, and cut therefrom the device " required, and then, by stamping or otherwise, make it of such " form as to fit the mould in which the cup or vessel, the com- " pound of india rubber, is to be formed, and having introduced " the metal, whether composed of one or more pieces, the plastic compound of india rubber is to be introduced and pressed into " form in the mould, by which the metal will become imbedded or partially imbedded in the plastic compound." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, May 6. N 1121. NICKELS, CHRISTOPHER. " Improvements in machinery for " masticating, kneading, or grinding india rubber, gutta percha, " and other matters. These consist " in causing cylindrical or AND GUTTA PERCHA. 73 " conical rollers, having projections, teeth, indents, or grooves, " to be arranged to work " so that these projections, &c. " do not " enter into each other," and the forms of the projections, &c. " may for this purpose be varied, and. the rollers may work at a " like or different speed." In carrying out this, two rollers, cut with angular grooves or projecting parallel ribs, are shown, placed in a trough or box ; and it is stated that it has been found " de- " sirable to use a steam pipe to allow steam to flow into the trough " for a short time after the machine has been standing for a " time; but when the machine is continued in work the heat " resulting from the process is found sufficient for gutta percha " and for india rubber, and for compounds or mixtures con- " taining those matters." [Printed Is. Drawings.] A.D. 1853, May 21. N 1260. SCOUTETTEN, HENRI JOSEPH. "An improved plastic com- " pound applicable to various ornamental and useful purposes," " composed of vegetable and mineral substances;" "the number " and quantity of each varies according to the purpose for which **' the material is required." The substances may be "gutta " percha, caoutchouc, pitch, resin, wax, gum lac, oxyde of iron, " golden sulphur of antimony, ultra marine, chrome, zinc white, " &c." Hollow cylinders heated by steam crush the substances into a mass. The paste resulting is compressed in moulds "com- " posed of gutta percha, containing a twentieth part of caout- " chouc." "Each mould should be bound with iron." "This. " paste may also be composed chemically. In this case the gutta " percha, caoutchouc, and pitch are dissolved in sulphuret of " carbon. When the solution is complete, and the combination " well effected, the solution is purified, the sulphuret of carbon is " drawn off, and a mass is obtained which may be heated dry in " close vessels." "If it be desired to make pipes, boot soles, " straps, &c., add to the above substances, held in solution in the " sulphuret of carbon, carded cotton," " a mass is obtained which " is heated dry, and passed under rollers." " Under other cir- " cumstances, and according to known processes, the cotton is " replaced by linen, canvas, silk, wool, or any other textile sub- " stance. The paste thus prepared maybe colored by adding one " or more of the oxydes indicated." " To render paper or stuffs " impermeable, the caoutchouc and the gutta percha must be 74 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " separately dissolved in sulphuret of carbon, in the proportion " of eight of gutta percha for one hundred of sulphuret of carbon " well purified. The solution is left to rest during eight days, " and the white of eggs is added to it. When the impure matters " are deposited, it is poured forth to obtain an almost colorless " liquid." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, June 9. N' 1414. BROOKES, WILLIAM. (A communication.}" Improvements " in treating fabrics suitable for floorcloths, covers, and such rt like articles ;" these consist " in coating fabrics with saponified " fatty matters, metallic salts, and dissolved or decomposed india " rubber, combined together." The proportions to answer well, are, 50 Ibs. of saponaceous matter or soap dissolved in 15 gallons water at 250 F. to which has been added 25 Ibs. sulphuret of zinc. " The mode of decomposing india rubber which it is pre- " ferred to adopt is obtained by putting india rubber in small " pieces into oil (by preference, olive oil), and heating it to a " temperature of about 300 Fahrenheit until complete solution " is effected." The india-rubber solution is added to the above composition in the proportion of \ a pint of the india rubber solution at 220 F. to the gallon of composition. " Colouring matters, and also thickening matters, may be mixed " with the compounds. The matters which have been found to " answer well as thickening are whiting, cream of lime, and lamp " black, to be added to the above in such proportions that, whilst " it is in a plastic condition by the heat applied to it, it may be " applied by a brush." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, June 16. N 1461. CHRISTOPHER, WILLIAM, and GIDLEY, GUSTAVUS. " Improvements in abstracting sulphur and other matters from " vulcanized indian-rubberY ' these are " removing sulphur from " vulcanized india-rubber manufactured articles, and also from " refuse or spoiled vulcanized india-rubber cuttings, parings, or " old manufactured articles, and of redissolving the same for new " purposes." This is effected by " macerating the vulcanized " india rubber in a hot solution of carbonated alkali, or in a tf solution of hydrate of lime, or in hot water in which caustic AND GUTTA PERCHA. 75 * lime is suspended, till, through the action of the alkali or of the " lime, the requisite quantity of sulphur is abstracted ; that is, " either as much sulphur withdrawn as reduces the relative pro- " portions of the sulphur and the caoutchouc to those required " for any special purpose, or so far removes the sulphur as to " leave the residual material in a condition to be acted on by the " usual solvents or softeners of caoutchouc, so as to adapt it for " reformation into manufactured articles, and of being revul- " canized with sulphur or another material if required." "To " render vulcanized manufactured articles or the refuse more soft " and pliable, they may be advantageously washed in a solution " of water and fullers' earth." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, June 20. N 1508. DEFEVER, CHARLES Louis. (Provisional protection only.) " An improved preparation for lubricating machinery/' It con- sists of a composition " principally of colza oil and caoutchouc or " india rubber, which is dissolved therein by being submitted " to a high temperature." "The oil is heated in a suitable " vessel to the required temperature, and when the caoutchouc is " added it will in a short time be completely dissolved ; after " which, while the mixture is still hot, it must be filtered so as to " remove the impurities. The preparation will then be fit for " use." [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, July 2. N 1592. BROOM AN, RICHARD ARCHIBALD. (A communication from Francois Perroncel.) " Certain machinery for converting caout- " chouc into circular blocks or cylinders, and for manufacturing " the same into sheets." "The caoutchouc is first freed from " impurities and foreign matters by any process now adopted for " such purpose, and is then fed in between two iron cylinders " or rollers, heated by currents of steam, hot water, or other heat- " ing medium. The rollers are caused to revolve and give out, on " the opposite side, a thick sheet of caoutchouc, which is led on " to a small roller termed the gathering roller, the axis of which " is free to rise in a slot in the frame of the apparatus, while it is " prevented rising too rapidly by means of a weighted lever 76 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " pressing on the upper surface thereof. Immediately under the " gathering roller is a hollow fixed roller, heated in the inside." " Both the gathering roller and fixed roller are caused to revolve, " and the caoutchouc winds itself round the upper gathering " roller in the form of a solid mass or cylinder; the pres- " sure exerted on the gathering roller, together with the heat " from the fixed heated roller, causing adhesion between the " several thicknesses, at the same time the pressure forces or " squeezes out any globules of air that may exist in the caout- " chouc." ''When a cylinder of sufficient size has been thus " obtained, it is transferred to another machine, together with the " gathering roller ; or it may be mounted upon a separate axis. " It is then caused to revolve in front of a fixed knife or blade, " which slices or cuts off a continuous length of the caoutchouc in " sheets varying in thickness with the setting of the knife, which " slides in a bed, and can be regulated as required." [Printed, Sd. Drawing.] A.D. 1853, July 15. N 1690. GOODYEAR, CHARLES. " Improvements in the manufacture " of brushes and substitutes for bristles ;" these are, " forming " the handles and backs of brushes by combining india rubber " with sulphur, with or without other matters, and subjecting the " compound to heat till the same is changed into a hard sub- " stance; and the making of substitutes for bristles consists of " forcing such compound through perforations in metal plates, " so as to obtain the same, when subjected to heat, in a state to " be used as bristles.'* " The best compound for the purpose " is two parts india rubber, and one part sulphur." "The " temperature of the bath is to be raised gradually to about " 230 of Fahrenheit in about half an hour, at which heat it is " desirable to retain the compound for about one and a half " hours, when the heat is again to be raised gradually to 295 to " 305 of Fahrenheit, say in about four hours." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, July 15. N 1693. GOODYEAR, CHARLES." Improvements in the manufacture " of pens, pencils, and instruments used when writing, marking, " and drawing ;" these are employing india rubber (caoutchouc) AND GUTTA PERCHA. 77 " in constructing or making pens, pencils, and instruments used " when writing, marking, and drawing," by combining "india " rubber with sulphur, with or without other matters," and subjecting " the same to heat to obtain a hard substance j" also combining " slate, powder, or matters (' porcelain for white slates ') " with india rubber," and thus obtaining " sheets or surfaces,'* " to be written on with ordinary slate pencil, and for making " artificial slate pencil;" also forming or making "the articles " or parts of the articles above mentioned by employing such " compounds." The india-rubber compound is held between glass surfaces and heated in the bath gradually to 230 F. in about half an hour and kept so for 1| hours, then brought gradually to about 295 to 300 F. for 4 hours. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, July 15. N 1694. GOODYEAR, CHARLES. "Improvements in preparing india " rubber ;" these are, " subjecting india rubber in a divided " state to an alkaline or acid process to cleanse the same of im- " purities." The india-rubber is cut in gieces, " by preference, in " thin slices, which are put into a washing or fulling machine " with water thickened with lime, flour, or other fine matter, for " preventing the pieces of india rubber adhering when they are " beaten, by which means some of the impurities are separated." e< The pieces of india rubber are next subjected to chopping or " cutting to reduce the same to a grannular state, which is " believed to be best done by means of machinery similer to what " is used in paper making, employing solutions of potash or lime " or strong acid, which will decompose the bark and foreign " matters." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, August 13. N 1904. JOHNSON, JOHN HENRY. (A communication from Louis Francois Alexandra Deseille). (Provisional protection only.) " Improvements in the manufacture or treatment of gutta percha, " and in the application thereof." This consists, in reference to this subject, of " a peculiar preparation of gutta percha for render- " ing it either solid or liquid, and consists in the application of a " carburet of hydrogen for liquifying it, and of any colouring 78 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " powder, which is kneaded into it when it is required to be solidified." " The carburet is prepared from oil of tar." " By " the aid of this liquid gutta percha may be readily dissolved, " either warm or cold." For solidifying gutta percha, a coloring powder is kneaded into it, and the mass is then passed between suitable rollers. , [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, August 26. N 1982. DE VARROC, EUGENE. "Certain means of depriving caout- " chouc of all unpleasant odour, and of imparting to it various " agreeable perfumes." This consists, first, in exposing caoutchouc or articles coated with it " in baths containing in solution, infu- " sions, essences, decoctions, extracts, &c., of such vegetable " matters as flowers, plants, and roots." The plants, roots, and flowers are verbena, flowers of lavender, " the root of the whorl- " flowered bent grass," camomile flowers, elder flowers, elder root, " root of Florentine iris or fleur de lis " in powder, ginger root, essence of birch tree, essences "composed with camphor " on an alcohol base ; also camphogenic acid, as it is called by " Mr. Dumas, may be employed." " Tamarind leaves, black tea- " leaves, leaves of various laurels, and orange trees, and sage, " all of which may enter into the different solutions as bases, or " combined with other leaves, grains, berries, and fruits which " would be too tedious to enumerate here, but which nevertheless " are claimed as contributing to the results. " Decoctions of these " substances are made of certain strengths and are mingled " together in given proportions; in some instances alcohol is " added, and also small quantities of hydrochloric and sulphuric " acid, and English honey and essential oil of lavender;" second, " subjecting caoutchouc, or articles costed with caoutchouc, to " the action of currents of air or vapours ;" third, " immersing " the caoutchouc, or articles coated with caoutchouc, in baths " containing solutions of lime." " For some purposes two of the " processes are combined." [Printed, lOd. Drawings.] A.D. 1853, August 30. N 2007. GOODYEAR, CHARLES. (Partly a communication.} (Provi- sional protection [only), ft Improvements in combining india AND GUTTA PERCHA. 79 " rubber with other matters for writing, marking, and drawing." It consists in "combining plumbago (black lead) with india " rubber and sulphur, and subjecting the same to heat, in order " to produce a change by which a compound is obtained, which " when made up into pencils, or other form, is suitable for " writing, marking, and drawing." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, August 30. N 2008. GOODYEAR, CHARLES. " Improvements in rules, graduated " scales, and measuring instruments." These are making the above of the hard substance obtained by mixing " india rubber " and sulphur with or without other matters," and subjecting the mixture to heat, in preference, as follows : " Mix two parts by " weight of india rubber, and one part by weight of sulphur, " with or without a small quantity of coloring matter j" " add " no other foreign matter." " Roll the compound into sheets of " the thickness desired, and subject such sheets to heat between " surfaces of glass or of oiled metal, applying the heat gradually, " bringing up the temperature to about 300 of Fahrenheit in " about six hours, which may be done in any convenient man- '* ner." " The sheets having been allowed to cool are then cut " and worked into the desired forms for rules, graduated scales, " and measuring instruments desired. In order to give greater " strength, particularly (to) those which are jointed, insert strips of " thin metal finely perforated, or of wire cloth, in the middle of " the india rubber compound, from which the instruments are " formed. This is done before heating, and serves not only to " strengthen but also to assist in forming the joints of such " rules and measuring instruments, the sheet of metal being " left without perforation at the parts which are to form the " joint." [Printed, 4& No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, August 30. N 2009. GOODYEAR, CHARLES. " Improvements in the manufacture " and ornamenting or coating of articles when compounds con- " taining india rubber are used." These are " ornamenting or " coating^articles composed of india rubber and sulphur (with " or without other matters) by electro deposits of metal thereon," 80 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER The surfaces to be coated " must be rendered conductive." This may be done by dusting plumbago or powered metal " over the " matter when in a plastic state, and pressing it into the sur- " faces when moulding, and by retaining the same in moulds " till the process of heat has been performed/* " In addition to " so applying plumbago or powdered metal, and pressing it into " the surfaces, some plumbago or powdered metal may be com- " bined with the india rubber when in a plastic state," or " com- " bine the plumbago or powdered metal with india-rubber cement, " and apply a coat or coatings to the surfaces or parts of the " surfaces where electro deposits of metal are to take place." Also, " driving in pins of metal about the parts desired to be ".coated, in addition to applying plumbago over the surface. " according to the device desired to be obtained in deposited " metal, by which means the coating of metal which is produced " will be held secure by reason of the pins." [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, October 18. N 2404. RIDER, EMORY. (Partly a communication.) " Improvements in " the manufacture or treatment of gutta percha, being improve- " ments upon the invention secured to him by Letters Patent, " dated the 20th day of July 1852." These are, improvements in No. 14,230, Old Law, for " treating gutta percha by the action " of heat, so as to expel the volatizable ingredients therefrom, " and render the same fit for the processes of vulcanization," and consists in " adding to the raw gutta percha a small quantity of " sulphur, or any equivalent of sulphur, before subjecting the " gutta percha to the preliminary heating process," by which means " a lower temperature produces an effect equal to that of " a higher temperature when the gutta percha alone is treated." " One part of sulphur, or the equivalent thereof, added to eighty " parts of gutta percha when separated from its solid impurities, " is suitable for effecting this purpose." " The sulphur or hypo- " sulphite of lead or zinc, or the artificial sulphuret of lead, or " other equivalent of sulphur, should be thoroughly mixed or " incorporated with the gutta percha by passing the gum and the " dryers repeatedly between metallic rollers heated to a tempera- " ture sufficient to make the gutta percha very soft, and easily " kneaded or worked." " The incorporated material having been ** ground, is then placed in a strong metal vessel or vessels, care AND GUTTA PERCHA. 81 " being taken, however, that the material does not occupy more " than one third of the capacity of the vessels, so as to leave due " allowance for the swelling or expansion of the material when " under the action of heat." The material is then exposed to a " temperature of about two hundred and ninety degrees Fahren- " heit, for a space of about three hours." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, October 19. X 2406. GIDLEY, GUSTAVUS, and MUSCHAMP, JOHN BELL. (Pro- visional protection only.) "An improvement in making india- " rubber solution for waterpoofing cloths or other articles without " the offensive smell produced by the use of naptha, turpentine, " oils, &c." It is as follows : " Procure a vessel in the shape " of a bell, composed of iron or any other wire interwoven like the " meshes of a net ; into this put the quantity of rubber required; " then set fire to one of the pieces ; in a short time the oily or " fatty matter exudes through the holes into a receiver placed " under. Then take twelve pounds and put it into an iron or other " vessel, place it over a fire, adding india rubber, gutta percha, " or any gums required ; after it is dissolved add sulphur and " common salt or saltpetre, the quantity of which will depend " upon tiie nature of the work required. Then spread it upon " the cloth, and, if required, on both sides," " place it upon a " table heated, which draws it through," " then proceed to put " on " " different colours." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, October 21. N 2J30. JOHNSON, JOHN HENRY. (A communication from Jacques Lefecre.) (Provisional protection only.) " Improvements in the " treatment or manufacture of gutta percha, and in the applica- " cations thereof." This consists, in reference to this subject, as follows ; " The raw material is cleansed and purified by being " passed through a mill having indentations or teeth formed " within a fixed chamber, and similar indentations on the surface " of a revolving cone working inside this chamber ; the gutta " percha is passed between these toothed surfaces, and falls on two " toothed rollers beneath and between which it is drawn by the " revolutions." The stringy or tough parts are fumigated and " rendered white, so that it may receive any color recjuired " I.R. * 82 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " For liquifying gutta percha, carburet of hydrogen is employed. " From the distillation of pit coal an oil is obtained, which is well " washed and allowed to rest 48 hours on a ("base salifiable") " salt base ; it is then distilled." " One application of this " liquified gutta percha is the construction of printing rollers, " which are composed of equal parts of glue, treacle, and dissolved " gutta percha ; but these proportions may be varied according " to the nature of the ink employed." " Liquid gutta percha " thus prepared, mixed with gluten, gum lac, and copale, makes " a varnish which adheres with great affinity to glass or metals, " preserving the latter from oxidation or from the action of " acids. For applying the same to wood, a certain amount of " pitch is added. The gutta percha may be solidified by being " heated whilst in a soft state, having added to it a solution of " the gutta percha obtained by the carburet of hydrogen as above " described, when the mass is passed through rollers to render it " perfectly homogenous." [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] A.D. 1853, November 15. N 2648. FRY, JOSEPH. "Improvements in preparing solvents for india- rubber and gutta percha, and in rendering waterproof fabrics free from odour." These are, first, " distilling the solvents of india rubber and gutta percha with those matters present or combined therewith," " introduce india rubber or gutta percha with the solvent into a still, and then distil over the solvent ;" four to six ounces of india rubber or gutta percha (according to the state of impurity of the solvent) dissolved in each gallon is sufficient for the purpose." "The solvents usually employed for such purposes are turpentine and coal naptha, or coal oil, and either of these may be taken in the crude state, and have dissolved therein india rubber or gutta percha, and then distilled ; or the crude solvent may be distilled, first, without india rubber or gutta percha being present, and afterwards be combined with india rubber or gutta percha, and again distilled or rectified." " Removing the odour of articles fabricated of india rubber or gutta percha, in which solvents have been used," " by submitting them to the free action of steam on all parts of the surfaces, preferring that the steam chest or chamber should be of iron, and it is desirable also to line the whole interior with flannel, dry at the commencement of the process." [Printed, 4>d, No Drawings.] AND GUTTA PERCHA. 83 A.D. 1853, December 1. N 2798. JOHNSON, JOHN HENRY. (A communication from Charles Eugene Francois Guibal and Louis Philippe Bernard Edouard Cumenge.} " Improvements in the treatment or manufacture of " caoutchouc." This invention relates " to a system or mode of " preventing the waste by evaporation of the volatile ingredients " employed for dissolving the caoutchouc, preparatory to, or in " the course of its manufacture, and consists in traversing webs *' of cloth containing layers of soft caoutchouc through closed " chambers, having a refrigerating top and a heated bottom " over which the cloth is traversed." " The heat produces the " evaporation required, and the vapour on coming in contact " with the cold top of the chamber, is condensed, and runs into " suitable gutters, whence it pours into a main trough or other " receptacle." [Printed, Qd. Drawing.] A.D. 1853, December 1. N 2799. JOHNSON, JOHN HENRY. (A communication from Charles Eugene Francois Guibal.} "Certain applications of vulcanized d. No Drawings.] 1856. A.D. 1856, January 18. N 141. DODGE, NATHANIEL SHATTSWELL. (A communication.} " Improvements in treating vulcanized india rubber or gutta " percha." These are, reducing these substances "to a soft, " plastic, or liquid state by means of alcohol and bisulphuret of " carbon," to allow them to be re-manufactured. The refuse material is reduced to small pieces and treated in a close vessel for about two hours with a mixture of absolute alcohol and bi- sulphuret of carbon, " in the proportion of a quarter of a pound " weight of the former to ten pounds weight of the latter, to one " hundred pounds weight of the material." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, January 23. N 178. JOHNSON, WILLIAM. (A communication.} (Letters Patent void for want of Final Specification.} "Improvements in the " treatment and application of fatty, resinous, and gummy sub- " stances, and in the manufacture of pastes, greases, and soaps." It consists in combining " gluten, starch, or flour, or the farina- " ceous, slimy, or gummy matters of vegetables, with resins, fats, " soaps, greases, oils, wax, pitch, and bituminous substances, for " the advantageous application of the compounds so obtained to AND GU1TA PERCHA. Ill " various useful purposes ; and, for example, in the manufacture " of soaps, greases, and pastes, and of compounds containing " gutta percha or caoutchouc," &c. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, February 4. N 305. TURNER, WILLIAM ALLEN. (Provisional protection only.} " An improved preparation or mixture to be used in the mami- " facture of compounds of india rubber or caoutchouc." It relates, "to the manufacture of compounds of india rubber, " known and distinguished as vulcanized india rubber." Take " genuine bismuth, ordinary lead, virgin tin, and sulphur, in " about the following proportions,' namely, of genuine bismuth, " 5 parts, ordinary lead, 3 parts ; these are melted separately and " mixed together with half their weight of sulphur." In using " the above mixture, mix 10 pounds of the same with 30 pounds " of india rubber or caoutchouc." [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, February 27. N 500. JOHNSON, JOHN HENRY. (A communication from Charles Vincent Steinlen.) (Provisional protection orily.y " Improve " ments in the treatment of hard india rubber for the purpose of " rendering the same applicable to the manufacture of pens, " tubes, springs, and other similar articles." The vulcanized sheets are cut into strips : these strips are softened by exposure to heat, and passed between heated polished steel, or iron rollers, again heated and made into the article required. [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, February 29. N 524. TURNER, WILLIAM ALLEN. " Improvements in the manu- " facture of elastic tubing." These relate " to tubing made of " india rubber or caoutchouc and gutta percha, either separately " or in combination, and is designed for the purpose of rendering " such tube capable of withstanding a pressure," and consists in covering a helix or a series of rings of metal with the aforesaid elastic material, and, if necessary, subjecting the tubing so made to the ordinary vulcanizing process or to the process described in No. 305, A.D. 1856. [Printed, 4tf. No Drawings.] 112 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1856, March 12. N596. PALMER, CHRISTOPHER RICHARD NORRIS. (Provisional protection only.) "Anew telegraph and improved telegraph or " signal apparatus, parts of the invention, apparatus, or manu- " facture being applicable to other purposes." This consists, in reference to this subject, "for constructing condensing or ex- " hausting cylinders for use on telegraph purposes in buildings " using "gutta percha cast in moulds;" "also gutta precha mixed " (when in a liquid or soft state) with very fine marble powder or " other suitable earthy or metallic dust or plaster of Paris. This " material I apply for moulding many articles now made of gutta " percha alone." [Printed, lOd. Drawings.] A.D. 1856, May 26. N 125?. JEUNE, FREDERICK CHARLES. "An improved manufacture " of floorcloth." This consists as follows : Mixing in a masti- cator " india rubber (consisting in part of the cuttings and " waste of vulcanized india rubber) and gutta percha," afterwards adding "ground cedar wood or other vegetable dust;" and, lastly, adding " fibrous substances in length, such as cocoa-nut " fibre, hemp, cotton waste, and hair." This compound is afterwards rolled into sheets, which are submitted to dry or steam .heat, "to about the temperature of three hundred degrees " Fahrenheit, when they are painted." [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, June 2. N 1299. G1DLEY, GUSTAVUS, and CHRISTOPHER, WILLIAM. " Reducing the bottle or imported india rubber to a transparent " liquid state, so that it may be used as a transparent varnish or " solution for mixing with colors." The india rubber is cut into pieces, and boiled with an alkaline solution, carbonate of soda preferred, for forty or sixty hours, and then for four or five hours in water; afterwards it is "dissolved in like manner to that " heretofore practised when using crude india rubber." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, June 27. N 1512. FORD, ALFRED. (Complete Specification but no Letters Patent.) "Preparing and dissolving in naptha or oil of turpentine vul- AND GUTTA PERCH A. 113 " canized India rubber, for the purpose of waterproofing, and for " all or any of the other purposes for which the same, not so pre- " pared and dissolved, is now applicable, and especially for the " coating of iron ships' bottoms." The rubber is cut into small pieces, and placed in a boiler having a stirrer ; heat is applied under pressure, but not exceeding " 300 degrees of Fahrenheit ; " " and when the india rubber shall be reduced to the consistence " of dough," it is mixed with French chalk, and passed through rollers, " after which it is capable of being dissolved in naptha or " turpentine in the manner of ordinary rubber." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, July 16. N 1674. DUNCAN, THOMAS. " A combined and compound engine for " applying motive power, and for measuring fluids." This con- consists, in reference to this subject, as follows : In constructing the above it is proposed to make "the work piston " of "a com- " position formed by mixing together gutta percha and black- " lead." [Printed, IQd. Drawing.] A.D. 1856, July 25. N 1764. BOUSFIELD, GEORGE TOMLINSON. (A communication.} (Letters Patent void for want of Final Specification.) " Improve- " ments in the manufacture of vulcanized india-rubber thread." This consists as follows : " The india rubber compound, having " been properly masticated or ground, is, whilst hot, rolled into a " sheet between rollers, and is immediately divided into thread by " rollers (one or both being grooved), and the thread is then vul- *' conized by heat." " Or, in place of cutting the sheets whilst " in a hot and plastic state, as above explained, the rolled out " sheets may be subjected to artificial freezing or cold, so as to " set or harden the sheets, when they may be cut in like manner " to that heretofore practised in cutting india rubber, and the " thread thus produced may be then vulcanized, as is well under- " stood." [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, July 26. N 1781. YEADON, SAMUEL, and CHAPMAN, GEORGE." Improve- " ments in the construction of reeds for weaving, and in machi- I.R. H 114 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " nery or implements an d materials to be used in such construc- " tion." This consists, in reference to this subject, in " the com- *' position and preparation of the cement," and " the use and " application of such cement in uniting the parts of reeds." The cement, in preference, is composed of " pitch, gutta percha, and " caoutchouc," in proportions varying " according to the quality " of the reeds intended to be made." [Printed, Is. Qd. Drawings.] A.D. 1856, July 28. N 1785, RITCHIE, GEORGE. (Provisional protection only.} " Improve- " ments in the manufacture of boots and shoes from materials " not hitherto used for that purpose." This consists in making the heels and soles of boots and shoes wholly or in part of " gutta " percha, india rubber," &c., mixed with a hard mineral sub- stance by preference "corundum" ground or broken into small pieces. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, August 30. N 2020. GOODYEAR, CHARLES. "An improvement in combining " gutta percha and asphalte or pitch." Instead of employing masticating machines, the substances are introduced into a close vessel with water, and the temperature raised ; they melt, and are further mixed by stirring. " When in a comparatively fluid state, " they may be further combined with sulphur, india rubber, or " both," and with other matters, as oxide of lead. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, September 3. N 2043. METCALF, JOHN. (Provisional protection only.) " Improve- " ments in the manufacture and treatment of tar oil, for dissolv- " ing india rubber, gutta percha, gums, and gum resins, and also " in deodorizing all fabrics, wood, or any article impregnated with " tar oil, or the products from coal tar." This consists as fol- lows : To every gallon of " dead oil, crude oil, creosote, or heavy " oil of tar obtained from coal tar by distillation," add " about " two Ibs. weight " of sulphuric acid, and " half a pound " of common salt, and agitate the whole; allow it to settle; draw off the liquid " without disturbing the pulpy precipitate ; " add to AND GUTTA PERCH A. 115 the oil caustic soda, and lime, to neutralize any acid in it ; sepa- rate the soda and lime, and put the oil in a still ; and " distil in " the usual manner until two thirds of the whole has distilled " over." The whole of the above operations may be repeated upon the distillate. " All kinds of fabrics " " impregnated with " india rubber, &c.," are deodorized by " any alkali or alkaline " earth." [Printed, 4td. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, September 8. N 2096. NEWTON, ALFRED VINCENT. (A communication from Henry Davenport.} " Improved machinery for cutting india rubber and " other substances into threads or narrow strips." The fillet of india rubber is strained over a pair of rollers, to which rotary motion is communicated for the purpose of presenting the whole surface gradually to rotary shears or cutters. "These cutters " are carried by a frame, which slides on transverse guides on the " table of the machine, situate about midway between the tension " rollers. By means of a screw shaft, which receives a slow axial " motion through a train of gearing driven from one of the ten- " sion roller shafts, the position of the cutter frame is shifted " laterally, so that the shears, commencing to cut at the edge of " the endless sheet, will slowly move inwards and cut up the " rotating sheet (as it passes between the cutting edges) into a " long continuous thread or strip. The strip, as it is formed, is " conducted away to a suitable reel. Nipping rollers are also " provided for holding the sheet of india rubber or^other substance " up to the cutters." [Printed, IQd. Drawing.] A.D. 1856, September 20. N 2215. FORD, ALFRED. " Improvements in dissolving vulcanized india " rubber for waterproofing and like purposes." These are as follows : The material, waste or otherwise, is cut up into small pieces, which are soaked " in oil of turpentine, or naptha spirit, " either prepared according " to the process given in No. 2090, A.D. 1855, or otherwise; then transferred to a vessel heated by a steam jacket, with a still head and means of stirring. After some time the vulcanized india rubber becomes dissolved, and " is ready to draw off." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] H 2 116 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1856, October 3. N 2317. JOHNSON, WILLIAM. (A communication.} " Improvements in " the treatment, preparation, or manufacture of sheet caoutchouc, te and in the combination thereof with cloth and other fabrics." This consists in reference to this subject in " desulphurizing " vulcanized caoutchouc by boiling the sheets in caustic alkali, and afterwards in salt pickle to neutralize the alkali, afterwards wash- ing. These sheets are then ground with emery, sand paper, &c., so as to roughen the surfaces and give them " a velvety " appearance. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, October 20. N 2460. LORIMIER, ANTHONY. "An improvement in re-working vul- " canized india rubber." This consists " in preparing the pieces " or waste of vulcanized india rubber, by crushing the same " between pressing rollers, then subjecting it to a considerable " degree of heat, and whilst so heated causing it to be stirred, by " which means the mass is progressively brought into a fluid state. " The mass is then allowed to cool ; but before becoming cold a " solution of india rubber is added, by which an india-rubber " cement is produced, which may be used for spreading on fabrics " and surfaces for the purposes of rendering the same water and " air proof." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, November 20. N 2/46. FONROBERT, CHARLES FRANCOIS JULES. (Partly a com- munication.) (Provisional protection only.) " Improvements in " the manufacture of boots and shoes." This consists " in cover- " ing the soles of boots and shoes with a composition of gutta " percha and tar." Two parts by weight of gutta percha to one of coal tar mixed together by heat. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1856, December 3. N 2865. RIDER, EMORY. " Improvements in the manufacture or treat- " ment of gutta percha." These are, the mode of "treating " gutta percha by the addition to sixty-six parts of that gum of " one part of sulphur, or an equivalent thereof, and one part of AND GUTTA PERCHA. 117 litharge, prior to the exposure of the same to the action of 235 to 245 Fahrenheit, for the purpose of expelling the volatilizable ingredients therefrom, and the after process of vulcanization of gum so prepared by subjecting the same to a heat of 255 to 265 Fahrenheit." [Printed, 4rf. No Drawings.] ^1857. A.D. 1857, January 1. N 10. . LORIMIER, ANTONY. "An improvement in preparing the " surfaces of printers' inking rollers, and other articles, when " vulcanized india-rubber is used." This consists as follows : For a roller for distributing ink on a table, a tube of soft vulcanized India rubber is drawn on the stock of a roller, and in this state it is passed through a metal ring, which is " at a blood-red heat," several times; then coat it "with dissolved vulcanized india " rubber," prepared as described in No. 2460, A.D. 1856. For inking type, scraps of vulcanized india rubber, with a little sol- vent, " are granulated between crushing rollers," and mixed with " a quantity of "dissolved vulcanized india rubber," prepared as above. This mixture is put into a mould, with " a stock or core " previously coated with dissolved india rubber," it is pressed, and submitted for some hours to the temperature of boiling water, and finished bypassing it " through a heated ring, and coating it " with dissolved india rubber " as above. " Printers' balls or " dabbers " are prepared in a similar manner. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, January 8. N 67. HUGHES, EDWARD JOSEPH. (A communication.) "Improve- " ments in the manufacture and application of compounds resem- *' bling gutta percha and coautchouc, from flour, fibrine, gelatine, " and other vegetable and animal substances." These consist in "combining fibrin, starch, gluten, or substances containing " them, such as flour, with gelatine, resins, fats, oils, and sub- " stances containing tannine." Examples are given of mixtures, and the proportions of such substances are also given. One 118 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER mixture consists of wheaten flour, gutta percha, colophane, catechu, glue or gelatine, combined by heat. Another mixture, consists of flour, colophane, caustic alkali of a certain strength, melted soap. The proportions of the ingredients may be altered according to the product required, and the compounds may be improved by exposure "to the action of hydrogen, sulphurous " gas, sulphuretted hydrogen, nitrous gas, or ammonia." These compounds may be combined with fibres of all kinds, and a vast number of other substances. And they maybe improved for some purposes by adding to them silicates, sulphates, or resinates of lime, linseed oil, varnishes, &c., and may be spun like glass, pro- ducing silky fibres. [Printed, **. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, January 30. N 275. ELLIS, THOMAS. (Provisional protection only.) "Certain im- " provements in the preparation of india-rubber and gutta percha, " by combining therewith other materials." Combining with " india-rubber or gutta-percha certain metallic bodies, such as " iron, copper, steel, or other amalgams of metal." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, February 20. N 500. JEUNE, FREDERICK CHARLES. (Provisional protection only.) " An improved manufacture of artificial leather." This consists " in preparing an elastic compound composed of masticated india- " rubber, or india-rubber combined with gutta-percha, and mixed " with sulphuret of antimony and woollen dust or waste," s< and " spreading it upon thin cotton cloth, then subject the same to " heat/* "The fabric is then ready to receive japan varnish." [Printed, 4sd. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, March 3. N 626. NEWTON, WILLIAM EDWARD. (A communication.") " A pre- " paration of materials for coating roofs, or other portions of " buildings, to render them impervious to wet." This consists in using and applying for the above purposes " lime in combination " with india-rubber, gutta percha, and shellac solutions." The caoutchouc, gum, shellac, and gutta percha are dissolved in suita- ble solvents, and mixed in given proportions in one case to form AND GUTTA PERCH A. 119 what is termed "puzzolan," "pulverized glass, quicklime pul- " verized and sifted, and plaster of Paris or marble dust, or any " kind of clay well vitrified and pulverized, or any equivalent " substances ;" and in another called " ' smalt, 5 " " vitrified glass, " sand, flint, gravel, pounded earthenware, or any equivalent " pulverized substances." "The use of lime is indispensable." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, March 20. N 777. NINCK, JEAN. (Provisional protection only.) " Improvements " in placing sets or partial sets of teeth, gums, and palates on " plates." It consists in the " use of gutta percha, india rubber, " sulphur of zinc, vermilion, and proto-oxide of gold, in such " proportions that the heat renders the amalgamation both hard " and elastic," for the above purposes. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, March 28. N 870. . DEPLANQUE, Louis ETIENNE. " An improved composition " for sharpening and setting fine-edged cutting instruments," made by combining " certain vegetable and mineral substances " with vulcanized caoutchouc." Several compositions are given consisting of caoutchouc, and two other substances. The sub- stances named are, "emery, smoke black, plumbago, vegetable " charcoal, zinc white, yellow ochre, red ochre, pumicestone, " sulphur, marble, silex, millstone, brick, &c." The " substances " reduced to powder and sifted are mixed with the vulcanized " caoutchouc by the ordinary processes, and the composition is " then moulded and otherwise formed into the desired shapes." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, April 4. N 948. JOHNSON, JOHN HENRY. (A communication from Anna Chadbourne Morey, Widow of Charles Morey.) " Improvements " in the manufacture of hard india rubber." These are, first, mixing " with the raw india rubber " sulphur, finely powdered coal, or fine wood sawdust, preferring " mahogany or rosewood " in certain proportions. " The vulcanizing process is begun with " steam at 3 T % ths atmospheres " and brought to " about 4 T % ths " atmospheres." Second, using "moulds of hard india rubber," making such " hard india rubber moulds from plaster casts of the 120 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " articles to be moulded in the usual way, but in two halves, for " the greater convenience of moulding." " A number of these " moulds can be fitted into a frame worked by a powerful press, " the material to be moulded being cut into a suitable form before " being put into the moulds." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, April 6. N 959. BOUSFIELD, GEORGE TOMLINSON. (A communication.} " Improvements in treating india-rubber and gutta percha, in " order to render the same impermeable to illuminating and other " gases." These are, applying linseed or other siccative oil, " in a heated state to the surfaces of tubes or vessels of vulcanized " india rubber or gutta percha when in a heated state, or to the " surfaces of tubes or vessels of india rubber or gutta percha " combined with sulphur." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, April 13. N 1039. NEWTON, WILLIAM EDWARD. (A communication.} " Im- " provements in the construction of boats, buoys, floats, or other " buoyant vessels." These are, "the method of making boats " or other vessels of gutta percha, or of gutta percha mixed with " glue, so that the air chambers or other parts, if separately " formed, may, together with the boat body, be united and com- " pleted at one pressure, or (if the braces, knees, thwarts, sup- " porters, or other accessories to the boat proper are solid), that " the whole, with the inner and outer forms, may be all made or " completed together at one time and at one pressure." [Printed, lOd. Drawings.] A.D. 1857, April 29. N 1210. JOHNSON, JOHN HENRY. (A communication from PoeEdouard Lemettais and Michel Eoniere the younger.} " Improvements in " apparatus for distilling, applicable also to the extraction of oils, " coloring matters and essences, and to the purification of gums," and gutta percha is one of the substances described as treated as follows : " Enclose this substance in the case or chamber," and then "introduce the sulphuret of carbon, or any other suitable " agent ; then heat the apparatus by a current of steam, previously AND GUTTA PERCHA. 121 " produced, at the required temperature. Care should be taken " previously to place a filter in the interior of the apparatus, in " order to retain all impurities, and to allow nothing to pass but " soluble matter." If necessary, "assist the solution by means " of an agitator of some kind, placed in the centre of the cylinder, " and driven by external mechanism," &c. [Printed, Is. Drawing.] A.D. 1857, May 2. N 1245. MARLAND, JOHN. "Improvements in cop tubes used in " spinning." These are, in reference to this subject " in the " making of cop tubes of a combination of gutta percha and " charcoal." Preferring 2 parts of charcoal to 3 parts of gutta percha. [Printed, 4d. Woodcut.] A.D. 1857, May 8. N 1302. TAYLER, CALEB. " Improvements in the manufacture of sheets " of material suitable for covering floors, and for other useful " purposes." These consist, first, "in the combination of caout- " chouc, gutta percha, and jintawan, in variable proportions, by " means customarily practised, and incorporating therewith certain " vegetable matters, either in a fibrous or in a divided state like " sawdust, adding particular mineral and colouring ingredients, " when desired." Second, " in manufacturing such compound " material into sheets by the application of machinery usually " employed, making the same to any required thickness." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1857, May 18. N 1397. NEWTON, WILLIAM EDWARD. (A communication.") "Im- " provements in the manufacture of boots, shoes, and other " cpverings for the feet." These are, " cementing the inner sole " and welt, on to an outer sole, a sole and heel formed in one " entire piece," and " composed of vulcanized india rubber or of " any of the compounds of india rubber that are susceptible of " being vulcanized." The cement is prepared by grinding together 1 Ib. of rubber, % Ib. of plaster of Paris, ^ Ib. of litharge, 2 ounces of sulphur and ^ pint of camphine, the heat required is from 220 to 250 F. [Printed, 6d. Drawing.] 122 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1857, May 27. N 1497. CODET-N&GRIER, JEAN LEONARD." Improvements in the " manufacture of boots, shoes, harness, and other articles." These are, in reference to this subject " a cement " made of india rubber, gutta percha, and gum lac dissolved in sulphuret of carbon, sulphuric ether, or by clarified essential oils, and sulphur may be added. These are mixed in certain proportions and in a certain manner, and the " gum lac is dissolved by means of camphine or " by pure alcohol or used in fine powder." [Printed, 8d. Drawing.] A.D. 1857, May 27. N 1504. DANNE, Louis JOSEPH ALMIDOR. (Provisional protection only.} " Manufacturing gutta percha glue, and applying the said " glue to various new purposes." This consists "in melting " gutta percha with rosin in a suitable pan, and mixing with it, " when in a fluid state, if required, some hard powdered material, " such as glass, sand, emery, pumice stone, &c. The propor- " tions of the several compound materials are to be modified " according to the nature of the applications of this glue." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1858, October 14. N 2288. COWPER, CHARLES. (A communication from Gustavus Cup- pers.) This invention consists " in the manufacture of articles " of hard vulcanized india-rubber and gutta percha and similar " gums, by partially hardening and repairing or perfecting the " same one or more times, and then completing the hardening " or vulcanizing process " as follows : ts When half a pound of " sulphur is mixed with one pound of india-rubber, and the heat " is about from 290 to 300 F., the time for leaving it (the article) " in the mould will be about one hour. If less sulphur be mixed " with the rubber or less heat used, the time must be increased " proportionally. If the heat is greater than about 300, less " than an hour will be required." The mould is then allowed to cool, and removed from the article, which by this time is partially AND GUTTA PERCHA. 139 hardened. " Any blisters,, holes, or other imperfections on the " surface are now moistened by a liquid compound, or solution " of india-rubber or gutta percha, and are filled up and smoothed " with the original compound," and pressed again in the mould, which is made water tight during the heating by means of strips of india-rubber between the joints, or otherwise, and again re- placed in the heat ; it is left " from about one half an hour " to three hours, when the compound will still be partially " hardened;" when removed from the mould, if the article is still imperfect, the mending and heating is repeated. If otherwise, the article is placed loosely in a box without the mould ; this box, with the loose articles, is then hermetically closed, and the harden- ing of the articles is completed, which may require six or eight hours' heat. When the article is to be highly ornamented, two moulds are used. "The mould for the main body of the rubber ec is used for the purpose of repairing imperfections." " The " mould for the main body of the rubber is used for the purpose " of repairing imperfections." "The article is then removed " from the heat, and from the mould, and is deposited in " another mould " containing the finer impressions ; it is then firmly pressed, and heated in the mould until the hardening is completed. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1858, October 18. N 2321. WEST, CHARLES. " Improvements in the mode of insulating " and covering wire." These are, in reference to this subject, first, to make a perfect solid tube of india-rubber, fixing " imme- " diately under the reel from which the india-rubber is wound 11 on the wire, another small reel covered with flannel or some " spongy substance saturated with mineral ether or other solvent " of india-rubber, during the whole time of the working of the " machine by any convenient means." Second, causing the surfaces of the strips of india-rubber to co- here by submitting the covered wire to moist heat, in preference, by plunging it into heated water. If a higher temperature is desired than " that of ordinary boiling water, the water may have common " salt, alum, or any other salt dissolved in it, so as to raise the fe temperature of the boiling point of the liquid." [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] 140 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1858, October 27-. N 2394. WRAY, LEONARD. (Provisional protection only.} "The prepa- " ration and application of a substitute for gutta percha, caout- " chouc, and similar substances." The substance is " called ' susu " poko/ signifying in English ' tree milk/ " and is from a tree " growing in the Malayan Peninsula, and on the islands of the " Malayan and Eastern Archipeligo." The crude product ; " I " first free it from all impurities " " by certain simple and well- " known methods ;" it may " be benefitted by compression. " ft I also harden and materially change the character of this " cleansed product by means of chloride of sulphur, or by other " suitable chemical substances." To dissolve and "render it fit " for manufacturing purposes in that form, I treat it with naptha, f( bisulphuret of carbon, oil of sassafras, and other suitable solvents, " also heat." It is also prepared by the methods used for gutta percha and india-rubber, and in some cases it is mixed with " either " one or more of them. It may also be combined with lac, shell-lac, " with pulpy and with fibrous matters, with siliceous, and, indeed, " with a great number of other substances." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1858, October 29. N 2413. KIRRAGE, WILLIAM. "An improved elastic combination of " materials impervious to atmospheric influences, as a substitute " for hard woods, metal, leather, or felting, and for other pur- " poses." When the material when in use will not be heated above 200 F., 12 Ibs. of india-rubber is masticated with 4 Ibs. of gutta percha, 25 Ib's. of Stockholm or coal tar, 60 Ibs. of fine powdered chalk, -4 Ibs. of hemp or other fibre, and 10 Ibs. of sulphur. The materials are moulded, rolled, cut, or stamped out as required, and if they are to be elastic, exposed to the action of steam, from thirty to fifty pounds pressure on the square inch, for from three to three and a half hours ; if they are to be hard for polishing, for six hours to steam of greater pressure or higher temperature. Instead of steam, the compound " may be exposed " to a temperature of 300 for a longer or shorter period, according " to the degree of hardness required." As a substitute for heavy leather, 16 Ibs. of india-rubber, 25 Ibs. of tar, 48 Ibs. of finely powdered chalk, 16 Ibs. of hemp, and 10 Ibs. of sulphur are formed into a compound, and moulded and hardened as AND GUTTA PERCHA. 141 above. " For driving bands, &c., the compound is rolled into bands of half the thickness required ; " strands of hemp are " then introduced the whole length, and the compound is rolled " down, making the two thicknesses one solid body." When employed before hardening for lining cisterns, &c., the compound may if preferred have the sulphur left out. A compound which may be exposed to great heat and pressure is made with 20 Ibs. India rubber, 25 Ibs. of tar, 25 Ibs. of fine powdered coke, 25 Ibs. of Stourbridge or other fire clay, 10 Ibs. of sulphur, 5 Ibs. of fine emery and 5 Ibs. steel fillings are treated as above. If the com- pound is to imitate whalebone, ivory, jet, &c., 14 Ibs. gutta percha, 4 Ibs. of shellac, seedlac, or sticlac, 25 Ibs. of tar, 60 Ibs. of fine chalk, and 12 Ibs. of sulphur are masticated, formed into articles as above and hardened as above described. Coloring matters may be employed to give any required tint. [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] A.D. 1858, November 2. N 2449. DODGE, NATHANIEL SHATTSWELL. (A communication.} " Improvements in treating waste vulcanized india rubber." These are, first, "restoring waste vulcanized india-rubber by " submitting it to the action of heat, steam, or of steam and " water combined before or after such rubber has been disinteg- " rated, laminated, or reduced in any suitable manner. Second, " combining or incorporating of fibrous materials with " waste vulcanized india-rubber either previous to or when in a " plastic state, such condition being the result either of the " before mentioned or other means of treatment, for the purpose " of adding strength and stability to the same." Third, the employment and use of restored " waste vulcanized " india-rubber in combination with fibrous materials in manufac- " turing " fabrics or other articles without any farther treatment, or the resulting material or product may be mixed and incorporated " with asphalte, resin, pitch, coal tar, shellac or other bituminous " or resinous substance," and the compound passed " between " rollers or mullers until thoroughly mixed." [Printed, 4rf. No Drawings.] A.D. 1858, November I/. N 2582. VASSEROT, CHARLES FREDERIC. (A communication from Louis XavierBeuchot.) (Provisional protection only.) " A water- 142 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " proof coating." " Dissolving in a water bath a certain quantity " of gutta percha with some essence of turpentine. After com- " plete dissolution, I add a sixth of its weight of resin and a fifth " of wax." [Printed, 44. No Drawings.] A.D. 1858, November 19. N 2616. HANCOCK, WALTER. d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1859, March 16.-N 668. CLARK, JAMES. " Improvements in the manufacture of fabrics " in which compounds containing india rubber are used." These are first, applying in a cloth " a succession of coatings one on " the other, the succeeding guages or instrument being set at a " greater distance from the bed on which the fabric is suppor- " ted." When the fabric is to be vulcanized sulphur is used in the compound of india-rubber. Second, making endless fabrics for calico printers, &c. by a succession of layers of the same fabric cemented by india rubber cement which may contain sulphur to admit of the same being vulcanized ; the fabric is so wound that the end of the outer layer comes opposite the end of the inner layer. K 2 148 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER Third, combining finely ground or powdered cork with sulphur and india-rubber solvent, sulphur, one part, india-rubber four parts, ground cork wood, ten parts by weight, spreading and moulding, and heating to vulcanize the same. Fourth, applying an endless elastic cloth or fabric to the beds of spreading or coating machines. In place of the endless elastic fabric the cylinder itself may be coated with like elastic materials, and used without an endless cloth. Fifth, " combining the fibres of silk, cotton, wool, flax or other " fibrous materials with woven felted or other fabrics, so as to *' produce in a continuous manner combined fabrics " and coated with one or more coatings of the composition, in or out of the machine. These are vulcanized when required. Sixth, vulcanizing the fabric known as " Clarks patent felt " by combining sulphur with the rubber used in the manufacture and submitting the patent felt to the action of heat. [Printed, 8d. Drawing.] A.D. 1859, March 21. N 716. WARNE, WILLIAM, FANSHAWE, JOHN AMERICUS, JAQUES, JAMES ARCHIBALD, and GALP1N, THOMAS. (Letters Patent void for want of Final Specification.} "An im- " proved compound or preparation of materials," for insulating wires, &c. This consists in reference to this subject as follows : " We propose to dissolve or soften the caoutchouc or gutta percha " by means of suitable solvents as is well known, & then add the " required proportion of bituminous matter, which may either " be separately dissolved, previously to being added, or it may be " mixed in a solid state with the caoutchouc or gutta percha, and " the mass of ingredients dissolved in the same solvent with or " without the addition of heat. The caoutchouc and bituminous " matters may be dissolved or ground up with animal or vegetable " oils, with the addition of heat, the grinding operation being " continued until the mass becomes homogeneous. During the " operation the earthy matters may be added, so as to become " intimately blended with the other ingredients." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, June 11. N 1489. STEVENS, CHARLES. (A communication from Joseph Chapa and Ernest Lacaze.) "An improved impermeable varnish for " leather." This consists of the varnish or varnishes afterwards described, "to be used either together or separately or mixed " with paint or other varnishes, and to be employed for coating " any fabric, article, or substance which it may be desirable to " protect from acids, dampness, or render waterproof." " The " first coat, which may also be used separately, consists of a 100 " parts of india-rubber and 400 parts of sulphuret of carbon" mixed in a close vessel. " The second coat consists of 100 parts " of gutta percha dissolved in 400 parts of sulphuret of carbon. This solution must also be made in a close vessel." A mixture of the two liquids can be made and used together. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, June 18. N 1566. Me KAY, MURDOCH. "An improvement or improvements in " the manufacture of cements or adhesive solutions for joining N 2 196 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " or connecting together surfaces or articles of leather, wood, " paper, or other similar materials." This consists in " dissolving " gutta percha in the bisulphuret of carbon, or its chemical con- " stituents," as follows : The solution is made in an open vessel in order that the bisulphuret of carbon may " take up a sufficient * quantity of oxygen," but' it should not be exposed too long. Where great strength is wanted employing " a saturated solution " of the gutta percha, which would be almost a plastic cement." The compound material joined by this cement " will be thoroughly " waterproof," a single coating " having the power of effectually " waterproofing any material upon which it may be laid." " The " proportions of each ingredient employed will depend upon the " strength or tenacity required in the cement or solution." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, June 19. N 1580. WILLIAMS, JOHN FISHER. "Improvements in compounds of " india-rubber and gutta percha with other substances." These are, combining the residuum of a dark or black color " obtained " when distilling palm oil or other vegetable oils, which is usually " done by the aid of superheated steam," " with india-rubber or " gutta percha, or both these substances, with or without sulphur, " chalk, fibre, cork, or other materials, according to the purposes " to which such india-rubber and gutta percha compounds are to " be applied." " When making a compound as a substitute for " leather, &c., about 8 Ibs. of india-rubber, 8 Ibs. of gutta " percha, 8 Ibs. of the black or dark residuum, 4 Ibs. of fibrous " materials, 6 Ibs. of sulphur, 20 Ibs. of powdered chalk," are gradually mixed together in a masticating machine with heat, rolled into sheets or moulds, and vulcanized. This compound may be varied. For compounds for packing high pressure steam and hot-water joints, " about 16 Ibs. of india-rubber, 6 Ibs. of dark " or black residum, 30 Ibs. of steel or iron or other metal filings, " according to the nature of the articles, 6 Ibs. of sulphur," are employed. If the packings are required for low temperatures more of the residuum may be used, also chalk may be added. When making kamptulicon it is preferred to employ, " 6 Ibs. of " gutta percha, 12 Ibs. of india-rubber, 6 Ibs. of black or dark " residuum, 4 Ibs. of ground cork, 2 Ibs. of chalk, 1 Ib. of hair, " using sulphur or not according as the product is or is not to AND GUTTA PERCHA. 197 " be vulcanized." It has been found " advantageous to employ " a small proportion of oxide of zinc, as a better surface is " thereby obtained." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, June 28. N 1651. FORD, ALFRED. (Provisional protection only.} " Improvements " in the manufacture of waterproof felt." These are first, " mixing '* hair or wool, hemp or cotton fibre, with india-rubber and gutta " percha in such a way as to produce a light pulpy dough capable " of being rolled out with the aid of water, into sheets of a felt- " like appearance." A certain quantity of india-rubber and gutta percha is mixed " with naptha or turpentine in a machine usually " employed for such purpose " until of a very soft plastic state, and mixing with it the above substances. If it is desired to make the dough unusually light, cork or some vegetable fibre is added to it. The dough is passed through wetted rollers, for " getting " it into sheets and giving to it a felt-like surface." Second, "the application of such felt-like material to the manu- " facture of caps and hats in particular, and to other useful " purposes." [Printed, 4cZ. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, July 18. N 1806. WEST, CHARLES. (Provisional protection not allowed.) " Im- " provements in the mode of insulating and covering wire." These are, driving " off the moisture in the india-rubber previous " to its being placed upon the wire. This I readily accomplish " by subjecting the strips of ribbands of pure india-rubber, after " they are cut from the bottle to a process of dessication or " evaporation." " In cases where I may deem it expedient to " consolidate the rubber on the wire by my process of boiling," described in No. 2321, A. D., 1858, " the dessication or driving " off the moisture under the present process will prepare the " rubber for consolidation by boiling." [Printed, 4d. No Drawing.] A.D. 1861, July 31. N 1906. FLANDERS, JOSEPH FOLLANSBEE. This invention consists, in reference to this subject, in machinery for dividing or splitting 198 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER sheets of india-rubber, or gutta percha. " The'knife or cutting in- " strument consists of an endless metal band extended over a " pair of pullies with a sharp cutting edge, which is kept in " motion as the skin is fed forward," " supported upon an endless s ' travelling cloth or table, to which a progressive motion is given " by means of suitable gearing actuated by the driving shaft.'* A modification of this plan consists in placing the sheet " on a " rotating cylinder, which will carry it forward as the cutting " operation proceeds," or it " may be placed upon a flat hori- " zontal table which may be moved forward by a rack gearing or " otherwise," or causing it " to bear against a vertical bar over " which it may be drawn by means of a holding roller or cylinder " the knife being made to act vertically instead of horizontally, " as in the former instances." To maintain or hold the sheet " firmly against the gauge roll during the cutting operation," " subdividing either the supporting roller or the guage roller into " a number of contiguous small rollers, all of which will be sus- " ceptible of independent action without interfering with the " others." "These pressing rollers are kept up to their work " by springs, or by being made to bear against an elastic bed " roller. The subdivided pressing or gauge rollers may be placed " above the travelling endless supporting sheet, or the pressing " or guage roller may be made in one length, and supporting " sheet and roller may be subdivided into sections, with separate " rollers and travelling endless belts." [Printed, IQd. Drawings.] A.D. 1861, October 8. N 2506. FORD, ALFRED. "An improved method of forming water- " proof fabrics by combining paper with woven or piece fabrics." The combining solution is made " by dissolving india-rubber in " mineral naptha, turpentine, or some of the present known and " approved solvents, and of a suitable consistence, either alone " or in combination with gum resin. I prefer gum damar and " gutta percha, in the proportion of about one part to four of " solid india-rubber, reduced by spirit in the proportion of one " part of solid to eight of fluid j but I do not bind myself to any " particular proportions." [Printed, 4& No Drawings.] AND GUTTA PERCHA. 199 A.D. 1861, October 9. N 2515. BAGGS, ISHAM, and PARKES, JAMES THOMAS. (Provi- sional protection only.) " Certain improvements in the manu- " facture and treatment of india-rubber and vulcanite, as applied " to various purposes." These are, first, colouring these sub- stances " by incorporating or combining coloured glass, pipe-clay, " and other suitable colouring substances or agents with the " india-rubber or vulcanite." The materials thus prepared are baked, submitted to the action of concentrated sulphuric acid or any other chemical substance which may be capable of preventing the injury usually resulting from high temperatures upon the materials, arid finally treated with chloride of lime or " a sub- " stance or substances possessing analogous properties," which restores or bleaches the portions which have been altered or decomposed by the action of the sulphuric acid or other chemical substance, and develops the proper effects of the colouring matter. The surfaces may then be consolidated by a suitable varnish or " coal tar, naptha, or bisulphide of carbon, or any other chemical " solvent." Second. Treating "small pieces, fragments, or particles of " powdered glass with hydrofluoric acid," gaseous or liquid, so as to destroy the edges and reflective parts of such fragments, and to make them cover or colour such materials better. Third. Combining metals or their alloys in a state of minute division with india-rubber or vulcanite prepared as above. Fourth. Fixing scales or plates of vulcanite upon vulcanized india-rubber or india-rubber fabrics, so as to represent the scales or plates upon the heads or skins of reptiles, &c. Fifth. Vulcanizing india-rubber by subjecting it " to great " pressure either of steam, air, gas, or vapour." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, October 16. N 25/4. FORSTER, THOMAS. " Improvements in re-working waste " vulcanized india-rubber." These are, " combining waste vul- " canized india-rubber with gutta percha and sulphur," as follows : The waste rubber is " reduced by crushing rollers or " otherwise, and is then mixed with gutta percha and sulphur." Pigments may be added. " A useful compound is formed by " combining vulcanized rubber at the rate of 75 Ibs. of vul- " canized waste rubber with 25 Ibs. of gutta percha and 35 Ibs. 200 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " of sulphur to the above 100 Ibs. when intended to produce a " hard gum; (if for soft goods 5 Ibs. of sulphur only)." The materials are incorporated finally in a hot masticator, and the compound is moulded, cut, &c., in the usual way, and converted or cured by heat. The above proportions may be greatly varied. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, November 5. N 2779. BOWRA, EDWARD." Improvements in the manufacture of " elastic fabrics." These are, first, " the manufacture of elastic " fabrics composed of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other elastic " gums combined with chloride of sulphur and dry hypochloride " of lime, and the covering of linen, woollen, silken, or other " fabrics," as afterwards described. " Take 50 Ibs. of clean " masticated india-rubber, gutta percha, or other elastic gums, " and add to this 25 oz. of chloride of sulphur and 25 oz. of dry " hypochloride of lime, and well work them in at a temperature " of 60 degrees F.," and when properly amalgamated roll them into sheets with cold rollers," "then elongate such sheets into a " suitable form or pattern, and apply sheets of cloth " as above " in transverse forms or otherwise," and when properly adhered " place such goods or sheets so combined into a heated chamber " or steam chest at 100 F. for two hours, and by this process " it becomes perfectly, equally, and permanently vulcanized " " without injury to the colors or finish of such fabrics." " The " same cold process and same mixtures are used for solid india- " rubber, gutta percha, or other gums, with more or less of the " chloride of sulphur and dry hypochloride of lime as may be " required." Second, "the combination or covering of elastic cloths with " the refuse or cuttings of leather or other fibrous material and " waste vulcanized india-rubber, gutta percha, or other elastic " gums, and chloride of sulphur and hypochlorate [hypochlo- " ride ?] of lime." Such cloths are ventilated when required by perforations by means of rolls or other mechanical means. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, November 7. N 2800. SHEPHARD, WILLIAM ALBERT. "Improvements in prepar- " ing and treating gutta percha and india-rubber." These are, AND GUTTA PERCHA. 201 first, "preparing and purifying gutta percha." The gutta percha is first washed and cleansed, thoroughly masticated, placed in an iron vessel, and the air exhausted. Fumes of sul- phur are " admitted into the vacuum, or a small quantity of " sulphur may be ground with the gum before it is placed in the " vacuum vessel," say " from one to one and a half, and some- " times two ounces of sulphur to every ten pounds of the gum, " according as the gum is good or poor, but care must be taken " that not sulphur enough is added to produce vulcanization." Thus prepared, the gutta percha is exposed to a heat ^varying from 300 to 450 F., admitting air " which has passed through (S highly heated tubes or through a bath prepared by means of " pumice stone saturated with the prussiate of potash or other- " wise prepared to answer the purpose," or the heat is applied " directly to the gutta percha in vacuo, which is preferable." Gutta percha thus prepared is next combined with sulphur or certain compounds of sulphur, such as the hyposulphite of lead, &c., but sulphur is much preferred ; with the gutta percha and fibrous materials thus prepared various ingredients are mixed, as " prepared chalk or Paris white, carbonate of lead, oxide of " zinc, carburet of iron or graphite, magnesia, vegetable oils " boiled to a proper consistency, emery, pitch, different kinds of " tar, gums, coloring, and other materials, according to the kind " of goods." Second, the method of mixing the various ingredients " sepa- " rately with separate portions of gutta percha, and then to grind " together and mix these partial compounds thoroughly into " one." Third, the vulcanizing of gutta percha goods prepared and compounded as above, and the use of a bath for so doing, con- sisting of a solution of bisulphide of carbon in combination with bromine and chlorine in certain proportions. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, December 9. N 3081. MENNONS, MARC ANTOINE FRANCOIS. (A communication from Francois Debons and Theobald Denny.) (Provisional pro- tection only.) " Improvements in the production of relief designs " on metallic surfaces and general printing, gaufering, and " embossing purposes." In carrying this out a number of solu- 202 . PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER tions are employed, one of which consists of " rectified benzine, " 20 ozs., caoutchouc, as pure and white as possible, in sufficient " quantity to saturate and leave an excess undissolved. To the " resulting viscid solution is added a mixture of rectified oil of " naphtha, 7 ozs., essence of turpentine, 3 ozs. ; incorporated " thoroughly. The mass is then heated for about fifteen minutes <' to from 70 to 80 (Centigrade), and left to cool." This solu- tion is strained through any suitable close tissue, and incorporated with finely ground zinc white or other like powder ; the quantity is such that after allowing it " to repose after thorough incorpora- " tion a deposit to the depth of about half an inch may be found " at the bottom of the solution." This white varnish "is pre- " served in long-necked bottles, and should be well shaken when " about to be used." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1861, December 27. N 3247. FAJOLE, JEAN JOSEPH HECTOR, and AGOSTINI, PASCAL ACHILLE. (Provisional protection only.) "An improved com- st position or improved compositions suitable for painting, var- " nishing, and coating," consisting of " 15 litres (about 26 pints) " essence of turpentine; 250 grammes (about 8 oz. 12 dr.) " caoutchouc ; 250 grammes (about 8 oz. 12 dr.) sulphate of " zinc ; 1,000 grammes (about 2 Ibs. 3 oz. 4 dr.) copal resin ; or " sulphuric ether to which rectified alcohol is added may be sub- " stituted for the turpentine, preferring to take 2,000 grammes " (or about 4 Ibs. 6 oz. 8 dr.) thereof. We recommend that the " ingredients should be dissolved in a warm state." For paint- ing generally filtering the product and saturating or combining it with colouring matters. Sometimes mixing " with empyruematic " oil of gas, or the fat unctuous oils of coal tar, and other gas " yielding matters instead of using essence of turpentine." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] 1862. A.D. 1862, January 17. N 123. MYERS, THOMAS, and MYERS, EDWARD. "An improved " composition for preventing rust on bright steel, iron, brass, or AND GUTTA PERCH A. 203 metal surfaces." This consists in combining " ten pounds of gutta pSrcha, twenty pounds of mutton suet, thirty pounds of beef suet, half a gallon of sweet oil, two gallons of neats' foot oil, one gallon of oil of thyme, and half a pint of rose pink, or any other suitable perfuming and coloring matter. These ingredients must be gently simmered until the whole is dis- " solved and well mixed together ; and when cold the composition is ready for use." These proportions may be varied. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, January 21. N 158. MARTIN, ALFRED JOSEPH. " Improvements in the treatment " of fusel oil, and for various applications of the same to useful " purposes." These are, first, mixing " together the oil distilled " from Trinidad or any other pitch or asphaltum " e ' with fusel " oil in such proportions as shall produce a mixture to produce " by the hydrometer 960 ;" distilling off " about three parts of " the whole quantity, or as much as is found upon trial to yield " a good illuminating oil." Second, with every gallon of fousel oil mixing or dissolving 1 or 2 Ibs. of resin and distilling to dryness. Third, an iron pipe, partly filled with rough pieces of iron, about 4 inches in diameter is placed across a furnace, " this pipe " is bifurcated at one end, while the other end is connected with " a worm immersed in cold water." One of the branch pipes is connected with a steam boiler, and the other branch is connected with a boiler of fousel oil, and the steam and fousel oil together passing through the red hot tube produce " propylic alcohol " which is condensed. These oils it is said are used for different purposes, among which are named " solvents for gums, gum resins, " caoutchouc and gutta percha." (.Printed, 6d. Drawing.] A.D. 1862, January 29. N 236. HARBY, JAMES BENJAMIN. Impregnating or coating the yarn or textile fabric or fibres employed in the manufacture of electric telegraph cables with a composition of solution of caout- chouc, resin, and powdered chalk, the proportions of the materials being varied according to the pliability required when the compo- sition is set. In some cases I mix with the composition arsenic or other poison to guard against the attacks of fish, insects, and 204 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER animals ; also coating complete cables and the separate wires of telegraph cables with the following composition applied in a heated state. " Caoutchouc 1 part, resin 3^ parts, arsenic ^th " part." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, March 1. N 560. GABRIEL, MAURICE, and GABRIEL, ARN OLD. (Provisional protection only.) "Improvements in the bases of artificial teeth.'* These are, in reference to this subject, forming a compound of 7 parts india-rubber, 2 parts sulphur, 2J parts phosphate of lime, and 2 parts of phosphate of soda. The compound is then moulded and hardened by well-known processes. The above proportions " can be varied as circumstances may require." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, April 16. N 1105. CARTWRIGHT, MATTHEW. (Provisional protection only.) " Improvements in the manufacture of models and of plates or " pieces for artificial teeth, and in combining or amalgamating " india-rubber and gutta percha with metals for the manufacture " of artificial plates or pieces, and for other purposes." In mak- ing models for the above purpose india-rubber composition is inserted in the cavities occupied by the wax, and the flasks con- taining the moulds " are again put together, heated, pressed, and " the india-rubber vulcanized in the ordinary manner." When an elastic model is required, " soft and hard rubber are used " alternately, or hard rubber in combination with cotton, or any " other material capable of rendering it elastic," In combining india-rubber and gutta percha with metals, the india-rubber or gutta percha is reduced to a liquid state and the metals, say gold, mixed therewith. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, April 26. N 1232. SPILSBURY, FRANCIS GYBBON, and EMERSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM. (Provisional protection only.) "Improvements in " the treatment of fusel oil, and for various applications of the " same to useful purposes." These are first, " mixing fusel oil " with any hydrocarbon, such as petroleum, rock oil, kerosene AND GUTTA PERCHA. 205 " oil, paraffine oils, turpentole, naptha, or the heavy oils remain- " ing from the distillation of paraffine oils or of naptha, or of " benzole from coal tar, turpentine, or other similar substances." The proportions vary from 10 to 400 / of the oils to the fousel oil used, and drawing off as much as will come over under 500 F. Second, dissolving or mixing "rosin bitumen, coal paraffine, or se napthaline or fat, tallow, or oil with fusel oil," and distilling as above. Third, passing " fusel oil by itself, or any of the aforesaid mix- " tures through a red hot tube which splits the oil up into pro- " pylic and other alcohols with certain oils." All or any of these oils so produced may, it is said, among other purposes which are named, be used, " as solvents for gums and caoutchouc." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, May 14. N 1460. BRANT, JOHN CHARLES. (Provisional protection only.} This invention consists, in reference to this subject, in making a cement, in preference, by taking " one part of magnetic oxide of " iron or manganese " and making it " into a stiff paste with oil " of turpentine or any other essential oil. I then put into an " iron pot 2 parts of Swedish pitch, and heat it over a fire, and " mix in the oxide with it ; I then gradually add to it one part or " more, if desired, of pure gutta percha cut into small pieces ; the " whole is then brought to boil, and is kept constantly stirred till " it is well mixed together ; the mixture is then removed from " the fire, and is kept stirred until nearly cold ; it is then poured " on plates previously covered with water, and when set it is fit " for use." [Printed, 44. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, May 28. N 1597. KIDD, JOHN HOWARD. " An improved manufacture of com- " positions applicable for waterproofing fabrics, for coating and " protecting various articles, and for various other purposes." This consists first, of " a composition formed by the combination of oxydized oil and a base formed of wax, mutton suet, and resins, and such coloring matters as maybe required." " Oxydized oil " is made by boiling " cod-fish or linseed oil or both " " with oxide 206 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " of lead, zinc, or other oxide," and exposing the same " for some " time in thin films on extensive surfaces to the action of the air, " and is thus further oxydized and converted into a substance of " a semi-resinous nature." This oxydized oil is mixed with wax, mutton suet, and resins termed " the base of my compositions,"' in varying proportions " according to which it is to be applied and " the quality of the article desired;" coloring matters are also added. The composition is melted or ( ' solved " by heat, and is applied hot to the fabric, " or it is moulded in that state into the " required articles." Naptha or a volatile solvent need not be used, although in some instances " it may be employed, and par- " ticularly in some cases when used as a varnish," Second, " combining india-rubber or gutta percha with the com- " pound herein-before termed the base of my improved composi- " tion, namely, wax, mutton suet, and resins " made " either with " or without volatile solvents ; the proportions in which they may " be combined will vary according to the purpose required." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, May 31. N 1651. NEWTON, WILLIAM EDWARD. (A communication from William Elmer.} In the treatment of cloth and other textures, leather, or animal tissues, at one part of the process an elastic coating is prepared consisting of caoutchouc and gutta percha, singly or combined, formed into a perfect solution, " which is " placed under pressure in a suitable apparatus, and heat is " gradually applied and raised to about 300 F." During the time " dichloride of sulphur or sulphur liquified in some other " form is admitted into the apertures in contact with the solution, " drop by drop, or in very small quantities, and the solution in the " meantime is kept in constant motion until sufficient sulphur has " been introduced to form an elastic sulphide or sulphite of caout- " chouc and gutta percha." If the solvent contained no oxygen nor hydrogen, as the bisulphide of carbon, C 82, then no other substance is needed in conjunction with the dichoride of sulphur ; but if the solvents contained " either hydrogen or " oxygen, then, upon the introduction of the chloride of sulphur " an acid is instantly formed, to neutralize which will require the " presence of an alkali." " The elastic sulphide is a semifluid, " which when filtered through animal charcoal is devoid of all AND GUTTA PERCHA. 207 u unpleasant odours, and possesses (when evaporated to the solid " state) all the characteristics of vulcanized caoutchouc or gutta " percha." The article thus coated is then passed between " metallic revolving cylinders, one of which is heated to a tem- " perature, according to the thickness of the coating, from 250 to " 300 Fahrenheit." [Printed, 6d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, June 12. N 1749. LI^RENARD, AUGUSTE AIME. "A new and improved cement " or mastic for making joints of steam, water, or gas pipes or " chambers." This consists, first, in " employing india-rubber " more or less vulcanized to make a cement or paste fit " for the above purposes, "by combining and mixing by a suitable tritura- " tion, vulcanized or non-vulcanized india rubber in various pro- " portions with powdered mineral or earthy substances, among " others, and especially with a powdered hydraulic cement, fire " clay, and flowers of sulphur." Second, "the formation of sheets of various thicknesses by " mixing in the cement some hemp or other textile material cut " in small pieces, and cutting rings, square bands, or strips from " the said sheets for making joints. The sheets or rings can be " vulcanised by the usual process when cut to shape." Third, " using the same cement, in a softer or more liquid state, " that is to say, containing less powdered cement and sulphur, to " make joints with strips of hemp daubed up or coated with this " india-rubber solution." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, July 2. N 1924. DE LA BASTIDA, EUGENE. (A commnication from Albert Cohen and Charles Vaillant.} " A new method of manufacturing " india-rubber articles by the simultaneous combination of pres- " sure and vulcanization." Plates heated by steam are arranged so that the bottom plate is by preference a fixture and " the top " is made to rise and fall by means of a screw, hydrostatic pres- " sure, or any other convenient means." Long pipes are formed in the usual way of sulphur, compound of india-rubber, or of such compound and strong woven fabric and placed in a mould, which mould with the tube is placed upon the press table and the top 208 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER brought close down by pressure and vulcanized by means of the steam-heated press plates'; then raise the top plate and open the mould and introduce another part of the same tube, and so on until the tube is all vulcanized ; to make greater lengths, leaving a piece of the ends of the tube or pipe out of the mould and un- vulcanized, to one end of which attach or join in the unvulcanized end of another piece and put the joined unvulcanized part into a short mould and vulcanize it. Telegraph wires or cables are made and vulcanized in a similar manner, as are driving bands for machinery. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, July 17. -N b 2049. DAFT, THOMAS BARNABAS. " Improvements in the manu- facture of vulcanized india-rubber thread." The india-rubber cleaned, ground and mixed with a proper quantity of sulphur and " spread or rolled to about the thickness of the diameter of " the thread required to be made, is cut up into strips of the full " length of the sheets, and of a suitable width for the apparatus." The sheets or strips, well seasoned, have "a dusting of powdered " * French chalk/ which may be lightly rubbed on the surfaces " in order to prevent adhesion in the process of reeling or wind- " ing the strips upon feeding pullies." A pair of steel grooved rollers about two inches diameter and two inches long on the face or barrel are mounted in suitable frames ; the rollers are formed with corresponding semicircular grooves, varying, say, from the 10th to the 50th, of an inch in diameter; these are brought together in preference to form slightly elliptical openings so as to form threads which are slightly elliptical, as there is " a minute " tendency under vulcanization of the thread to flatten a fraction " in the depth or thickness way of the sheet." The strips are fed into the rollers from an overhead pulley, and converted into threads, which pass through the bottom of the machine, or they are carried under one of the rollers ; in either case they are con- ducted to separate reels ; but, in preference, they are conducted to a receiving metal drum of about three feet diameter, upon which they are taken up loosely, and at the same time are dusted with French chalk, or the lower part of the receiving drum works " in a trough containing a mixture of the kind calculated to sepa- " rate the threads and fill up the interstices between them." The loaded drum may stand for a day before subjecting the thread to AND GUTTA PERCHA. 209 the curing process. " Rollers of about two inches on the barrel, " with T ^ inch grooves and blunt cutting edges in proportion " would give about 25 threads. [Printed, lOd. Drawing.] A.D. 1862, July 28. N 2131. DEVLAN, PATRICK SARSFIELD. (Provisional protection only.) In telegraph cables, in reference to this subject, coating the wires to be insulated, with " a composition consisting of about " eight pounds of paper or other fibrous pulp, half a pound of " caoutchouc or gutta percha, with one pound of resin or there- " abouts." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, July 29. N 2149. DEVLAN, PATRICK SARSFIELD. (Provisional protection only.) An improved composition which is to be employed for many purposes which are named. The proportions preferred are " about eight pounds of fibrous pulp to half a pound of caout- Cf chouc or gutta percha, and one pound of resinous gum, " although such proportions may be varied without materially " differing in effect." " Plumbago may also, if required, be e( mixed therewith." [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, September 2/. N 2634. HENRY, MICHAEL. (A communication from the Societe Chartier et Compagnie). " New and improved application of petroleum " and its products, certain agents produced by combining the " same with other substances and certain modes of treating " caoutchouc, gutta percha, and their compounds and substances " similar thereto." These are, in reference to this subject, as follows: Petroleum distilled yields a clear colourless liquid " boiling at about 154;" a second liquid "boiling at about " 203 ;" a third " heavier clear colourless liquid distilling at " about 320." These three products combined are called tf ' mixed ' petroleum." First, dissolving and purifying caout- chouc and recovering or separating the same from cloth, &c. " Rectified or refined petroleum is used, but the mixed petroleum I.B. o 210 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " is preferred." " In preparing the mixed petroleum, for this " object, there should be a predominent proportion of the first " of its three components." Second, vulcanizing caoutchouc, " by taking rectified or refined " petroleum or the ' mixed petroleum/ saturated with sulphur," " and " combining it with chloride or bromide of sulphur." " Where vulcanized caoutchouc is to be dissolved in petroleum " it should first be boiled in a carbonate of soda solution." Third, " devulcanizing caoutchouc (especially when vulcanized " in white) " by reducing the caoutchouc to small pieces, macerating it in a retort, in preference, with the first distillate from petroleum, distilling off a large portion of the liquid, heating the residue in a close vessel to from 212 to 356, till the disintegrated vulcanized caoutchouc " becomes smooth, cohesive, elastic, and soluble in petroleum," finally the petroleum is separated by distillation. Fourth, making varnishes. Instead of turpentine, in pre- ference, using 97i parts petroleum, in which are dissolved part caoutchouc and 2 parts Bordeaux turpentine. A damp-proof .varnish, in preference, using 70 parts, white linseed oil paint. 20 parts Bordeaux turpentine, 2 parts " Baruel's zumatic drier," 7i parts rectified petroleum (or mineral essence or spirit of petroleum) part caoutchouc. " Gallipot or colophany may be " substituted for the turpentine." [Printed, 6d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, October 14. N 2769. CARTWRIGHT, MATTHEW. "Improvements in* plates for " artificial teeth." These are, in reference to this subject, dis- solving india-rubber or gutta percha and grinding the same with gold leaf or finely precipitated gold "to combine the metal with " the gum used;" also, "forming plates for artificial teeth by " coating a model of the plate to be produced with] successive " layers of gutta percha alone or combined with other substances " until a sufficiently thick plate has been formed," each coat is allowed to become hard "before applying the next, and then " submit the finished plate to any curing process that may be " necessary to make it sufficiently hard for wear." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] AND GUTTA PERCHA. 211 A.D. 1862, October 16. N 2794. HENRI AMABLE. " An improved horse collar." This consists, in reference to this subject, as follows : The vul- canized india-rubber used in this manufacture is prepared as follows : u To one hundred parts of the best Java india-rubber " I add about twenty parts of flower of sulphur, from eight to " ten parts of white zinc, about five parts of chloride of calcium, " and from five to ten parts of black lead. The ingredients vary " in proportion as the india-rubber is more or less pure. The " whole is then subjected to heat, and mixed in the usual way, " after which it is exposed to a temperature of from 50 to 60 " degrees Reaumur." When the moulds are filled, "the moulds " with their contents are subjected to a temperature of 150 to " 200 degrees Reaumur for about two hours." [Printed, 8d. Drawing.] A.D. 1862, October 18. N 2815. FULLER, JOHN. "An improvement in treating india-rubber " used on a wire or wires for insulating the same." The india- rubber on the wire is " treated with naphtha or other solvent, " water or other matter," that. will "render the surface damp or " adhesive, then powdering, or otherwise applying sulphur, and " exposing the rubber so treated to heat in order to cure the " same. Or before curing more india-rubber may be applied to " the sulphured india-rubber, and the curing may be effected " after the additional india-rubber has been applied. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, October 21. N 2835. BROOMAN, RICHARD ARCHIBALD. (A communication from AdolpJi Baldamus.) " Improvements in waterproofing and in " recovering products employed 'therein." These are " rendering " materials more or less waterproof, and in recovering the volatile " solvents used." " Caoutchouc, gutta percha, resins or metallic " soaps (obtained by combining metal dissolved in acid with the " fatty matter of soap in solution) are dissolved in bisulphide of " carbon, ether, or other like volatile solvent," and sulphur added or not. " The solution of any one or more of the substances " named," is placed " in a vessel closed air-tight or nearly so, " and after immersing the materials therein," they are drawn o 2 212 PREPAKATION OF INDIA RUBBER " through an air-tight channel into another vessel," the com- munication between the two vessels is shut off and to the second vessel heat is applyed, preferring, that derived from hot water, " steam, or hot air, to evaporate the bisulphide of carbon or other (( volatile solvent used." The vapour is condensed by any of the ordinary methods and the solvent collected " may be used over " and over again." Instead of distilling the solution by heat from the second vessel it is recovered by exhausting, and then condensing it from the second vessel. " The density of the solu- " tion of the water-proofing agents determining the extent or " degree of water-proofing to be imparted to the materials under- " going the operation." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, October 28. N 2904. DUNCAN, CHARLES STEWART. "An improved compound or " material for coating or covering metallic and vegetable sub- " stances to preserve them from corrosion or decay." The com- pound is to be made as follows : Using " marine glue, gutta " percha, india-rubber, shellac, copal, mastic, vegetable or mineral " pitch or tar, or resin, or iodine, or sulphur, or creosote, or " asphalte bitumen and coal tar in combination with one or more " of the following substances : "Alumina, schist, quartz, slate, " silex or flint, marble or pozzolano, sand, sandstone, cement " (natural or artificial), chalk, glass, emery, tripoli, white oxide " of zinc or of lead, or the litharge, or red oxide of lead, in every " case reduced to a fine and nearly impalpable powder, in pro- " portions varying from one-fourth part to five parts of these " powdered materials to one part or more of the before-mentioned " plastic substances. The materials are then to be heated, so as " to reduce them to a plastic or semi-liquid state." The remain- der of the Specification refers to the application of this and other compounds to various materials. [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, November 6.-N 3006. GRIFFIN, HENRY. " An improved method of securing india- " rubber cylinders on rollers and blocks upon spindles and other " bodies on which they are to be mounted." These are, first, coating or clothing such spindle or other body " with a composi- AND GUTTA PERCHA. 213 " tion of india-rubber for forming what is known as ebonite or " hard rubber, and in then adding on such composition to com- " plete the article to the thickness required, ordinary or pure " india-rubber, or rubber known as cut sheet rubber (that is to " say, sheets of rubber cut from a solid block), or rubber pre- ft pared for being vulcanized," and subject the whole " to heat " in order to * cure ' the composition." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, December 12. N 3331. HANCOCK, CHARLES, and SILVER, STEPHEN WILLIAM. " Certain compounds and substances applicable for electric insu- ss lation and other purposes." It is stated that india-rubber " cannot of itself be rendered so thoroughly plastic as to pass " through the dies ordinarily used for covering telegraphic wires " or conductors," and to obviate this it is proposed to combine it " with a milk or gum the produce of a tree called Sapota " Mulieri, or bullet tree, which is found in British Guiano and " elsewhere, and to which the term ballata has been occasionally " applied," and which possesses similar insulating properties to caoutchouc. The caoutchouc and ballata are combined by masti- cation, rolling, or solution, as is well understood. The following compound is suitable for a soft vulcanized substance : 2 Ibs. caoutchouc, 1 Ib. ballata, and 9 ozs. of sulphur, vulcanized by heating from 260 to 280 F. from 2 to 6 hours. For a hard vulcanized substance 2 Ibs. caoutchouc, 1 Ib. ballata, and 5 Ib. sulphur, heated from 260 to 300 F. from 4 to 8 hours. The following compounds are suitable for substances not to be vul- canized: No. 1. 3 Ibs. ballata, 3 Ibs. caoutchouc, 2 Ibs. vulca- nized caoutchouc pulverized or ground to powder. No. 2. 2 Ibs. ballata, 6 Ibs. caoutchouc, 2 Ibs. colcother. No. 3. 3 Ibs. ballata, and 1 Ib. of caoutchouc. No. 4, 3 Ibs. of ballata, 1 Ib. of shellac, parrafine, or rosin, pitch, tar, marine glue, gum copal, gum mas- tic, or other gum insoluble in water. No. 5. India-rubber, gutta percha, and ballata in equal proportions. No. 6. Gutta percha and ballata. The compounds before-mentioned when in a plastic state can be moulded into various articles, in preference, in metal moulds. Besides vulcanizing ballata and its compounds as above, it is vulcanized " by the cold or chloride of sulphur process which " is well understood by caoutchouc manufacturers." In some cases first insulate the wire with the several plastic compounds, 214 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER or some of them, through dies, covering them with tapes and fillets of caoutchouc, and finally submitting them to steam or heated vapour. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, December 16. N 3355. WARDEN, GEORGE COCKBURN. (A communication from Adolph Baldamus.) (Provisional protection only.) This invention con- sists, in reference to this subject, in a cement to be used for several purposes which are named. The cement " is composed " of the following materials in or about the following proportions, " that is to say, seven parts of gutta percha, two parts of resin, " and one part of solution of caoutchouc mixed by dissolving " them together under heat." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1862, December 22. N 3415. GERARD, GUSTAVE EUGENE MICHEL. " Improvements in " the fabrication of threads from vulcanized india-rubber, and " the apparatus connected therewith." These are, first, " the Fanshawe, Jaques, and Gal pin, 150. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaaues and Galpin, 152. Macintosh, 161. Turner, 163. Turner, 163. Magnus and Sinnock, J67. Chatterton and Smith, 171. Newton (Havemann), 184. Chatterton, 186. Hunt, 192. Williams, 196. Ford, 197. Ford, 198. jorsier, iyy. Cartwright, 204. Newton (Elmer), 206 Hancock and Silver, 213. Warden (Baldamus), 213. Henson, 216. Cartwright, 216. Hooper, 218. Kin-age, 222. Mulct, 224. Bousneld (Taylor), 225. Bateman, 235. Ritchie, 238. Fontainemoreau (Innocent and Perroncel), 243 Darlow and Seymour, 260. Isinglass. See Glue. Lampblack ; Brookes, 74. Johnson (Morey), 100 Ford, 110. Deplanque, 119. Dodge (Hall), 154. Macintosh, 161- 8 2 276 INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Lamblack cont. Stevens (Stevens), 242. Bousfield (McBumey), 256. Lead, acetate of; Payne, 45. Lead, carbonate of; Newton, 19. Payne, 45. Newton, 48. Newton (Goodyear), 49. Poole (Goodyear). *&. Poole (Goodyear),^. Poole (Goody 'ear], 54. Poole (Goodyear), 59. Johnson (Guibal), 83. Ross, 95. Sautelet, 106. Bousrfeld (JWayaM), 230. Stevens (Stevens), 242. Bousfield (McBurney), 256. Lead, oxides of ; Payne, 45. Newton, 48. Newton (Goody 'ear), 49. Newton, 68. White, 85. Johnson (Morey), 100. Newton, 121. "NVarne, Fanshawe, Jaques, and Galpin, 152. Dodse (Hall), 154. Newton (Green) , 157. Duncan, 212. Henson, 216. Bousfield (Hay ward), 217. Mennons (Briansky), 223. Norris (/JoH), 226. Tvlulholland, 227. Bousfield (May all), 230. Humfrey, 230. Smith, 249. James, 254. Bousfield (McBurney), 256. Simpson, 259. Leather, particles of; Job and Tomlinson, 107. Henson, 216. Lime; Newton, 118. Hooper, 149. Childs, 153. Luis (Lecocq) , 173. Newton (Havemann), 184. Bousfield (Mayall), 2&0. Lime, carbonate of. See Earths. Lime, sulphate of. See Earths. Linseed, rape, or neat's-foot oil ; Hancock, 16. Wright, 18. Payne, 45. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Linseed, rape, or neat's-foot oil cont. Nickels, 70. Parkcs, 108. Johnson, 110. Bousfield. 120. Warne, Panshawe, Jaques, and Galpin, 148. TVarne, lanshawe, Jaques, and Galpin, 152. Henry (Societe Chartier et Compagnie), 209. Hughes (Hodffskin).Z\.9. Mennons (Briansky), 223. Lees, 241. Stevens (Stevens), 242. Miller, 248. Smith, 249. Crump, 258. Litharge. See Lead, oxides of. Magnesium, carbonate of; Moulton, 32. Newton (Goodyear), 49. Moulton, 50. Bousfield (Mayall), 230. Magnesium, oxide of; Moulton, 82. Newton (Goody 'ear), 49. Johnson (Morey), 100. Newton, 125. Hooper, 149. Newton (Baker), 161. Childs, 102. Norris (Roll), 22R. Bousfield (Mayall), 230. Bousfield (McBurney), 256. Magnesium, silicate of; Hancock, 17. Hancock, 27. Hooper, 149. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaques, and Galpin, 150. "Warne, Fanshawe, Jaques, and Gal pin, 152. Patrick, 155. Daft, 160. Childs, 162. Henson, 216. Kirrage, 222. Bousfield (Mayall), 230. Metallic oxides (not otherwise particularised) . See also spe- cific subheads ; Hancock,- 38. Newton, 48. Newton, 68. Johnson (Morey), 100. Ford, 10S. Newton Wheever), 179. Bousfield (Hayward), 217. Ghislin, 234. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. 277 Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Metallic powders ; Parkes, 27. Hancock, 29. Newton, 68. Cornides, 102. Job and Tomlinson, 107. Turner, 111. Ellis, 118. Kirrage, 140. Warne, Fanshawc, Jaques, and Galpin, 150. Newton (Baker), 161. "Williams, 196. Baggs and Parkes, 199. Cartwright, 204. Cartwright, 210. Henson, 216. Cartwright, 216. Mulct, 224. Norris (Noll), 226. Clarkson, 228. Darlow and Seymour, 260. Minium. See Lead, oxides of. Moss; Gilbee (Matlievon), 219. Mulberry leaves, juice of ; Gilbee (Mathevori), 219. Muriatic acid ; Mulholland, 227. Neat's- foot oil. See Linseed oil. Nitrogen, binoxide of; Hancock, 33. Oils. See also Linseed, rape, or neat's-foot oil ; Hancock, 38. Nickels, 70. Brookes, 74. Defever, 75. Trumble, 86. Forty arid Haynes, 87. Stoneham, 93. Johnson, 110. Candelot, 127. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaques and Galpin, 152. Newton (May all), 156. Hancock, 167. Godefroy, 193. Williams, 196. Henson, 216. Kirrage, 222. Mennons (Briansky), 223. Spill, Brings, and Spill, 225. Ghislin, 234. Bousticld (McBurney), 256. Simpson, 259. Paraffin (solid). See Wax. Peat; Waithman, 84. Henson, 216. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Petroleum or tar, oil of ; Dundonald, 69. Nickels, 70. Henry (Societe Chartier et Compagnie), 209. Hull, 215. Humfrey, 230. Humfrey, 231. Phosphoric acid ; Mulhollaud, 248. Phosphorus ; Mulholland, 224. Mulholland, 227. Pigments ; Hancock, 10. Keene, 14. Hancock, 16. Parkes, 27. Hancock, 29. Brockedon and Hancock, 30. Hancock, 38. Burke, 44. Payne, 45. Poole (Goody ear), VI. Poole (Goodyear], 53. Poole (Goodyear), 54. Poole (Goodyear), 54. Poole (Goodyear), 57. Gerard, 6(3. Brookes, 74. G9odyear, 79. Gidley and Muschamp, 81. Johnson (Guibal),$&. Fanshawe and Fanshawc, 98. Goodyear, 100. Newton, 104. Sautelet, 106. Ford, 108. Gidley and Christopher, 112. Ninck, 119. Tayler, 121. Kirrage, 140. Patrick. 155. Walton, 156. Laurence, 158. Childs, 162. Brooman (Gobert), 190. Baggs and Parkes, 199. Forster, 199. Fajole and Agostini, 202. Henson, 216. Fora and Rigg, 220. Kirrage, 222. Mennons (Briansky), 223. Spill, Brigscs, and Spill, 225. Norris (jffoW),228. Jennings and Lavater, 228. Hancock and Silver, 241. Stevens (Stevens), 242. Smith, 249. Lereuard, 249. Forster, 258. Simpson, 259. 278 INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Pitch. See Tar. Plaster of Paris. See Earths. Plumbago ; Hancock, 17. Newton, 68. Goodyear, 78. Goodyear, 79. Newton, 89. Ford, 110. Deplanque, 119. Newton, 125. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaques, and Galpin, 150. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaques, and Galpin, 152. Devlan, 209. Remiere, 211. Ford and Rigg, 220. Bateman, 235. Mulholland, 248. Poisonous materials ; Harby, 203. De Briou, 251. Potassium, arseniate of ; Forster, 19. Pumice powder, fine emery, powdered glass, or other simi- lar gritty substances ; Hancock, 11. Brockedon and Hancock, 30. Dundonald, 65. Newton, 68. Goodyear, 76. Goodyear, 105. Ritchie, 114. Newton, 118. Deplanque, 119. Candelot, 127. Wray, 187. Barrage, 140. Cowper (Bingham), 148. Newton (May all), 156. Newton (Green), 157. Duncan, 212. Mulet, 224. Hancock and Silver, 241. Mulholland, 248. Rape oil. See Linseed oil. Red lead. See Lead, oxides of. Resins ; Hancock, 27. Parkes, 27. Hancock, 38. Payne, 45. Newton (Goodyear), 49. Dundonald, 65. Johnson, 66. Dundonald, 69. Sorel, 85. White, 85. Stoneham, 93. Cornides, 102. .. .60. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Resins cont. Johnson, 110. Richardson, 123. Blizzard, 126. Candelot, 127. Henson, 131. Dodge, 133. Hancock, 142. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaq and Galpin, 152. Gisborne and Magnus, 160. Turner, 163. Turner, 163. Magnus and Sinnock, 167. Chatterton and Smith, 171. Harrison, 182. Hay, 188. Silver and Griffin, 183. Ford, 198. Harby, 203. Kidd, 205. Devlan, 209. Devlan, 209. Henry (SocieU Chartier et Compagnie), 209. Hancock and Silver, 213. Warden (Baldamus), 213. Henson, 216. Brooman (Anthoine and Brossette), 222. Mulholland, 224. Mulholland, 227. Ghislin, 234. Smith, 249. De Briou, 251. Sawdust ; Hancock, 20. Hancock, 27. Parkes, 27. Hancock, 38. Newton, 89. Hill, 101. Johnson (Morey), 119. Tayler, 121. Henson, 131. Warne, Jaques, and Fan- shawe, 142. Cowper (Bingham), 148. Fontainemoreau (Innocent and Perroncel), 243. Seaweed ; Ghislin, 234. Shellac. See Gums. Size. See Glue. Soap ; Brookes, 74. Sorel, 85. Trumble, 86. Johnson, 110. Broomaii (Baldamus), 211. Soap-stone. See Magnesium, silicate of. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. 279 Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Starch ; Johnson, 110. Stearine. tfeeWax. Sugar of lead. See Lead, ace- tate of. Sulphuric acid. See Vitriol, oil of. Susu poco ; Wray, 140. Tallow. See Wax. Tapioca ; Gilbee (Hathevon), 219, Tar, vegetable ; Hancock, 4. Wright, 18. Hancock, 27. Payne, 45. Poole (Goodyear'), 52. Poole (Goody 'ear), 53. Poole (Goodyear), 54. Poole (Goody 'ear), 56. Poole (Goodyear), 59. Nickels, 70. White, 85. Stoneham, 93. Ross, 95. Johnson, 110. Yeadon and Chapman, 113. Parker, 125. Henson, 131. Dodge, 133. Kirrage, 140. Dodge, 141. Cowper (Bingham), 148. Gisborne and Magnus, 160. Magnus and Sinnock, 167. Chatterton and Smith, 171. Newton (Cheever), 178. Hay, 188. Hancock and Silver, 213. Hooper, 218. Norris (Roll), 226. Ghislin, 234. Kemp and Kemp, 239. De Briou, 251. Tungstic acid ; Ghislin, 234. Varnishes ; Hancock, 38. Payne, 45. Gbislin, 234. James, 254. Vegetable powders ; Johnson, 110. Jeune, 112. Deplanque, 119. Tayler, 121. Silver and Griffin, 188. Hunt, 192. Henson, 216. Gilbee (Mathevon), 219. Kirrage, 222. Compounds of india-rubber,&c. cont. Vegetable powders cont. Ghislin, 234. Hancock and Silver, 241. Vitriol, oil of; Godefroy, 193. Baggs and Parker, 199. Humfrey, 230. Humfrey, 231. Wax or tallow; Wright, 18. Nickels, 70. Sorel, 85. Trumble, 86. Stoneham, 93. Johnson, 110. Richardson, 123. Candelot, 127. Gisborne and Magnus, 160. Magnus and Sinnock, 167. Macintosh, 176. Kidd, 205. Kirrage, 222. Mulholland, 224. Ghislin, 234. Harton, 241. Abel, 247. Miller, 213. Macintosh, 252. Buckingham, 253. White lead. See Lead, carbon- ate of. Zinc, salts of (including the oxide) ; Brockedon, 22. Hancock, 33. Lorimer, 41. Newton, 48. Newton (Goody 'ear), 49. Poole (Goodyear), 53. Poole ( Goodyear), 54. Poole (Goodyear), 59. Gerard, 66. Newton, 68. Johnson (Guibal), 83. Johnson (Morey), 100. Goodyear, 105. Sautelet, 106. Deplanque, 119. Candelot, 127. Warne, Jaques, and Fan- shawe, 142. Patrick, 155. Newton (Green), 157. Laurence, 158. Childs, 162. Broom an (Gobert), 190. Williams, 196. Mennons (Debons and Denny], 201. Pajole and Agostini, 202, R6mie"re, 211. Duncan, 212. Hooper, 218. 280 INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Zinc, &c. cont. Ford and Iligg, 220. Mentions (Briansky),2&&, Spill, Bricgs and Spill, 225. Norris (If oil), 226. Bousficld (Mayan), VSQ. Lake (Marquard), 250. Forster, 258. Copper. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Cork. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Cutting and reducing into small pieces. See Preparing, &c. Cutting sheets into bands and belts. See Bands and belts. Cutting sheets into strips, threads, &c. See Thread and string, &c. Deodorizing : Johnson. 1. Martin. 0. Hancock, 33. Johnson, 66. De Varroc, 78. Fry, 82. Hill, 101. Metcalf, 114. Blizzard, 126. Candelot, 127. Cattell, 145. Myers and Myers, 202. Newtou (Elmer), 206. Simpson, 220. Kirrage, 222. Lees, 241. Bourne, 254. Earths. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Elasticity, retaining ; treating india-rubber so as to obviate the tendency to unduly stiffen and soften : Macintosh, 2. Pickersgill, 8. Nickels, 8. Elasticity, &c. cont. Hancock, 10. Fanshawe, 15. Moulton, 32. Spill, 124. Hull, 215. Bousfield (Harvard), 217. Emery. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Ether. See Solvents, &c. Eupion. See Solvents, &c. Fabrics. See Coating and cementing, &c. Fatty substances. See Com- pounds of gutta'percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Fibres, mixing with india- rubber, gutta percha, &c. : Hancock, 4. Hancock, 13. Hancock, 27. Parkes, 27. Hancock, 29. Brockedon and Hancock, 30. Hancock, 38. Coolfiy,61. Scoutettcn, 73. Forty and Haynes, 87. Newton, 89. Johnson, 90. Stoneham, 93. Cooke, 95. Ross, 95. Auclemars, 99. Hill, 101. Sautelet, 106. Latta, 109. Jeune, 112. Hughes, 117. Jeune, 118. Tayler, 121. Parker, 125. De Clippele,125. Parker, 128. Kirrage, 140. Dodge, 111. Wame, Jaques, and Fan- shawe, 142. Clark, 147. Sinnock, 150. Patrick, 155. Walton, 156. Seager, 162. Hooper, 170. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. 281 Fibres, &c. cont. Newton (Cheever), 179. Williams, 196. Ford, 197. Bowra, 200. Shepharc!, 200. Gartwjrigbt, 204. L6renard, 207. Devlnn, 209. Devlan, 209. Henson, 216. Simpson, 120. Kirrage, 222. Snell ( Wiese), 223. Mullholland, 224. Mulholkind, 227. Bouslield (May all), 230. Ghislin, 234. Stevens (Stevens), 242. Mayall, 246. Lerenard, 249. Felt (Felt), 252. Moselcy, 258. Fprstcr, 258. Simpson, 259. Fibrin. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Fig juice. See Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Fillets. See Bands. Filtering. See Preparing, &c. Flexibility, retaining. See Elasticity retaining, &c. French chalk. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Fuller's earth. See Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Gelatin. See Compounds of gutta percha, c.; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Glass (powdered). See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. Glue; Gluten; Gold, oxide of ; Gums; Gun cotton. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india- rubber, &c. Gutta percha, substitutes for. See also Ballata; Chapapote; Jintawan ; Susu poco : Warren, 60. Le Gras and Gilpin, 68. Wilkinson, 65. Sorel, 85. Archereau, 88. Johnson, 104. Hughes, 117. Sorel, 122. Wray, 140. Hardening gutta percha or india-rubber by means of caustic alkali : Hancock, 36. Richards, Taylor, Wylde, 46. and India-rubber, substitutes for. See also Ballata ; Chapapote ; Jintawan ; Susu poco : Sorel, 85. Rimmel (Mage*), 96. Johnson, 104. Parkes, 108. Hughes, 117. Sorel, 122. Wray, 140. Buff, 195. Clark (Loewenberg and Granier), 245. Iron. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. Isinglass. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Jintawan, treating and combin- ing with india-rubber and gutta percha : Hancock, 25. Hancock, 29. Brockedon and Hancock, 80. Hancock, 33. Duncan, 50. Tayler, 121. Lampblack. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Lead. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. ; Vulcanizing. 282 INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Leather. See Coating and cementing, &c. ; Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Lime ; Lime, carbonate of ; Lime, sulphate of. See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Lime, hydrosulphuret of. See Vulcanizing. Linseed oil. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. liquid ammonia. See Sol- vents, &c. Litharge. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Magnesium, carbonate, oxide, and silicate of. See Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Masticating. &c. See Preparing, Mercury, sulphide of. See Solvents, &c. ; Vulcanizing. Metallic oxides ; Metallic pow- ders. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Metals. See Coating and cementing, &c. Mimo-tannic acid. See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. Minium. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Moss. See Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Moulding : Nickels, 8. Hancock, 11. Parkes, 16. Moulding cont. Forster, 19. Brooman, 22. Hancock, 25. Hancock, 27. Parkes, 27. Hancock, 29. Brockedon and Hancock, 80. Hancock, 86. Forster, 37. Hancock, 38. Hancock, 40. Hancock, 41. Nickels, 43. Payne, 45. Newton (Goodyear), 49. foole (Goodyear), 54. Poole (Goodyear), 54. Poole (Goodyear), 55. Poole (Goodyear), 57. Poole (Goodyear), 57. Ley, 64. Newton. 68. Goodyear, 72. Scoutetten, 73. Johnson ( Guibal), 83. Newton, 90. Johnson, 93. Johnson, 94. Boss, 95. Goodyear, 100. Goodyear, 101. Johnson, 103. Bielefeld, 105. Goodyear, 106. Johnson ( Wacrenier), 109. Palmer, 112. Lorimier, 117. Deplanque, 119. Johnson (Moray), 119. Macintosh, 127. Newton, 130. Cowper (Cuppers), 133. Kirrage, 140. Childs, 144. Moseley, 144. BellinK, 147. Clark, 147. Hooper, 149. Newton (May all), 156. Chatterton, 159. Childs, 162. Newton (Engelhard and Day) , 164. Hooper, 170. Silver and Barwick, 174. Hooper, 175. Woodcock, 176. Pitman (Bourn Brown and Chaff ee), 177. Pitman (Bourn, Brown and Chaff ee), 178. Newton (Cheever), 178. Newton (Havemann),IS4i. Moulton. 185. Silver and Griffin, 188. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. 283 Moulding cont. Brooman (Gvbert),190. Williams, 196. Forster, 199. Gabriel and Gabriel, 204. Cartwright, 204. De la Bastida (Coften and Vaillant),2Kn. Remi7. Truman, 190. Trunuin. IvJ. Miller, ii. Clark (Boulet, Sarazin, and Godefroy, 192. Jf'imu) 1&3 Williams, 196. Chatterton. 186. Forster, 199. Shephard, 200. Shephard, 200. Cutting and reducing into small Hcnson. _lii. Kirragi'. -2-2-2. Hancock, 29. Brockedon and Hancock, Norris (Ho1l),226. Ghislin, 234. Macintosh, 252. 80. Hancock, 33. Simpson, 259. Forster, 37. * Lorimer, 41. Straining and filtering ; Hancock, -JO. Payne, 45. Duncan, 50. Cooley, 61. Candelot, 127. Macintosh, 56. Cooley, i;i. Assanti, 86. Smith, 135. Cattell, 145. Luis (Lecocq), 178. Dunlop, 94. Ford, 108. Dodere, 110. Hunt, 192. Newton (Elmer), 206. Twilley and Laine, 281. Godefroy, 133. Smith, 185. Preparing india-rubber (treat- Johnson (Cantelo), 155. Newton (Engelhard and ing the raw material) : Cleansing ; Day), 164. Forster, 199. Twilley and Lain6, 231. Hancock, 4. Hancock, 10. Hancock, 83. Masticating ; Defever, 75. Hancock, 20. Brooman (Perroncel), 75. Brooman, 22. Hancock, 25. Goodyear, 77. Forty and Haynes, 87. Brockedon and Hancock, Newton, 91. 80. Dunlop, 94. Hancock, 38. Johnson (Day), 106. Forster, 3T. Johnson (Day), 135. Lorimer, 41. Wray, 187. Burke, 44. Moseley, 149. Newton (Goodyear), 49. Duncan, 50. Johnson (Day), 153. Newton (Engelhard and Nickels, 70. Day), 164. Duncan, 71. Chatterton, 186. Nickels, 72. Henry (Societe Chartier et Forty and Haynes, 87. Compagnie), 209. Duulop, 94. Hunt, 257. Jeune, 112. Jeune, 118. Cutting and reducing into small pieces ; Godefroy, 133. Clark, 2. Hope, Io7. Flectwood, 3. Wray, 137. AYcisc 3. Kirra^e, 140. Hancock, 142. Siever, 6. Hancock, 10. Duncan, 143. Keene, 14. Newton (May all), 156. Freeman, 14. Macintosh, 161. Fanshawe, 15. Seager, U52. Hancock, 17. Macintosh, 176. Wright, 18. Truruun, 182. Burke, 20. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. 285 Preparing india-rubber cont. Cutting and reducing into small pieces cont. Brockedon and Hancock, 30. Hancock, 33. Macintosh, 56. Johnson, 66. Goodyear, 77. Goodyear, Si. Newton, 91. Dunlop, 94. Penney, 100. Johnson (Day), 106. Stansbury (Merrian and Crosby), 107. Ford, IDS. Ford, 110. Dodge, 110. Gidley and Christopher, 112. Ford, 112. Ford, 115. Chamberlain, 124. Moseley, 131. Chamberlain, 159. Newton (Engelhard and Day), 164. Tooth, 193. Forster, 199. Henry (Societt Chartier et Compagnie), 209. Jennings and Lavater, 221. De Briou, 236. De Briou, 251. Masticating ; Hancock, 10. Fanshawe, 15. Forster, 19. Hancock, 20. Brockedon and Hancock, 30. Hancock, 33. Nickels, 43. Burke, 44. Newton (Goodyear), 49. Duudonald, 65. Nickels, 70. Nickels, 72. Goodyear, 84. Forty and Haynes, 87. Dunlop, 94. Fanshawe and Fanshawe, 98. Hill, 101. Jeune, 112. Bousfield, 113. Jeune, 118. Dodee, 133. Hope, 137. Wray, 137. Kirrage, 140. Hancock, 142. Moseley, 144. Hooper, 149. Johnson (Day), 153. Newton (Mayall) 156. Preparing india-rubber cont. Masticati n%cont. Laurence, 158. Seager. 102. Hancock, 167. Macintosh, 170. Chatterton, 186. Truman, 187. Truman, 190. Miller, 191. Williams, 196. Forster, 199. Hancock and Silver, 213. Henson, 216. Kirra-rc-, 222. Norris (Holl), 226. Ghislin, 234. Felt (Felt), 252. Macintosh. 252. Simpson, 259. Strain inc and filtering ; Clark, 2. Macintosh, 2. Hancock, 13. Hancock, 15. Parkes, 16. Johnson, 68. Defever, 75. Candelot, 127. Luis (Lecocg), 173. Schiele (Kleist), 174. Hunt, 192. Mennons (Debons and Denny), 201. Fajole and Agostini, 202. Newton (Elmer), 206. Pumice powder. See Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Purifying. See Preparing, &c. Rape oil; Red lead; Resins. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Sawdust ; Seaweed. See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Sheet india-rubber or gutta percha, making : Hancock, 4. Pickerserill, 8. Nickels,' 8. Hancock, 10. Hancock, 11. Nickels, 13. Hancock, 17. I'orsier, 19. 38 INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER, Sheet india-rubber. &c. coxt. Brockedon, 22. B?wl. Brockedon and Hancock, SO. Nickels, 48. Burke, 44. Poole (Goody far), 54, Poole (Goodyear), 64, Poole (Goody far), 55. Poole (Goodyear), 57. Poole (Goodyear), 57. Poole (Goodyear), 58. Poole (Goody ear), 59. Oooley, 61. Ley, 64. Gerard. 66. Normandy, 67. Piddinc, 69. Nickels, 70. Brooman (Perroncel),75. Goodyear. 79. Johnson (GitiiaJ), S3. Goodyear, 84. White, 85, Forty and Haynes, 87. Willis. S9. Johnson, 103, Johnson, 104. Johnson (Steinlen), 111. Jeune, 112. Bousfield, US. Johnson. 116. Tayler, 121. Parker. 125. Macintosh, 127. Parker, 12$. Dodge, 1SS. Johnson (Day), 1S5. Warne, 186. Moseley, 144. Johnson (Day), 15S. Daft, 164. Newton (Cheever), 179. Clark (BottM, Sarazin, and Hamy), 183. Silver and Griffin, 1SS. Miller, 191. Hunt, 192. Jeune, 194. Williams, 196. Ford, li'7. Planders, 197. Bowra, 200. Daf: Griffin. 212. Gerard. 21 4, Bousfield (Hayward), 217. Hoop- - 8 Kirni- Boustield (Tay1or),2*5. Norris ^o),226. Bousfield, (Mayatt), 230. Bousfield (Taylor), 232. Ghislin, 234. Sheet india-rubber, &e. row?. Gerard, 236. Story, -w. Hal Fontainemoreau (Innocent and Perronctl), 243. Macintosh, 252. Mosely. 255. Dunlop, 255, Moseley, 258, Forst- Simpson, 259. r>arlow and Seymour, 260. Dunlop and Crossley, 261. Shellac. See Compounds of gutta percha. &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Silicates. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. Size ; Soap ; Soapstone. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india- rubber, &c. Sodium, chloride of. See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. Softening of gutta percha by the action of an acid : BuchhoJi, 48. Softening, special treatment to obviate. See Elasticity, retaining. Solutions. See Solvents, &c. Solvents, &c. : Alcohol used in conjunction with a solvent ; Johnson, 1. Weise, 3. Forster, 36. Gerard, 47. Johnson, 66. Newton, 91. Brooman, 99. Dodge, 110. Codet-Nev-rier, 122. Cattell. 14-1. Patrick, 155. Newton. (Engdkard and Day), 164. Newtou (ffawmann), 165. Fajole and Agostini. 202. Kemp and Kemp, 2J9. I^ees .241. 3Iiller, 248. Hun: JNIJKX OF SUBJECT MATTKK. 287 Solvents, &c. co///. Ale used m conjunction with a Lees, 241. Aniliri'.': Parkea, 247. Benzole; Dal ton, 49. Duthoit, 51. Turner, 163. Newton (Engelhard and Day), 164. Newton (Havemann),lf^, Bostaing, 107. and Luu (Lecocq), 173. MenrioiiK (Debont Spilubury and Emerson, 204. Hoghe* (Hodgtbin), 219. Simpson, 220. Hunt, 257. Simpson, 250. Camphine ; Dal ton, 45. Newton,^. Newton, 9L Hill lin. Newton, 121. Codet-NeKrier, 122. Blizzard. 126. Turner, 163. Bogtaing,167. Hughes (IMflwWw), 219. Simpson. 220. Mayall, 246. Camphor treated with sulphur- OUH acid KM ; Parkes, 27. Carbon, bisulphide of ; Parkes, 16. Parkes, 27. Hancock, 29. Dal ton, 45. Gerard, 47. Duthoit, 5L Cooley, 8L Normandy, C7. Scoutetten, 73. A Ksant i, 86. Ogg,92. DuvivierandChaudet, 98. Brooman,99. Hill, 101. Johnson, 108. Rautelet, 106. Solvents, &c. cont. , . Johnon (Lemettaiit and "ire), liJO. rvxlet-Nenrrier, iff. , . Hadntwh, 130. Duncan. 14i. Cattel], 145. Hewton (Engelhard and ,164. ), 165. ), 173. (Chapa and La~ caze,. an ((Mterf). 190. Gkxlefroy, 14. BteneM (on and Fowter. 44. Newton (Engelhard and Day), 164. Crump, 258. Chapapote; Henry (Ifoiwa^ and O.), Chloroform ; Gerard, 47. Newton, 91. Cattell, 145. Patrick, 155. Newton (Engelhard and ,. Newton (Havemann), 165 Brooman (Gofjert), 190. Twillev and Laine, 231. Lake (Marqward), 250. Coal tar, oil of ; Macintosh, 2. Hancock, 4. . Hancock, 10 Bethell.12. Hancock, IS. Hancock, 15. Foratcr.se. Haacoclt,38. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Solvents, &c. cont. Coal tar, oil of cont. Simpson and Forster, 44. Gerard, 47. Cooley, 61. Johnson (Deseille), 77. Johnson (Lefevre), 81. Pry, 82. Waithraan, 84. White, 85. Johnson, 91. Sautelet,106. Metcalf, 114. Spill, 124. Cattell, 145. Luis (Lecocq), 173. Schiele (Kleist), 174. Harrison, 182. Baggs and Parkes, 199. Fajole and Agostini, 202. Martin, 203. Spilsbury and Emerson, 204. Ether, sulphuric ; Gerard, 47. Newton, 91. Broornan, 99. Audemars, 99. Cornides, 102. Codet-N6grier, 122. Candelot, 127. Brooman (Gobert), 190. Fajole and Agostini, 202. Brooman (Jlaldamus), 211. Twilley and Laine, 231. Eupion ; Parkes, 16. Liquid ammonia ; Sievier, 6. Johnson, 68. Audemars, 99. Newton (Havemann), 184. Lake (Marquard), 250. Mercury, bisulphide of; Bateman, 235. Naphtha ; Parkes, 16. Brooman, 22. Bewley,25. Parkes, 27. Hancock, 38. Dalton, 45. Gerard, 47. Duthoit, 51. Tyler, 60. Harrison and Harrison, 61. Cooley, 61. Barrett, 72. Pry, 82. Ryder and Ryder, 87.' Willis, 89. Newton, 90. Johnson, 91. Fanshawe and Fanshawe, Solvents, &c. cont. Naphtha cont. Brooman. 09. Penney, 100. Hill, 101. Cornides, 102. Ford, 108. Ford, 110. Ford, 112. Ford, 115. Richardson, 123. Spill, 124. Blizzard, 120. Macintosh, 180. Cattell, 145. Patrick, 155. Walton, 156. Turner, 163. Newton (Engelhard and 49), 164 Hancock. 167. Hooper, 170. Hooper, 175. Silver and Griffin, 188. Hunt, 11)2. Jeune, 194. Ford, 197. Ford, 198. Baggs and Parkes, 199. Mennons (Debons and Denny), 201. Spilsbury and Emerson, 204. Puller, 211. Hughes (Hodgskiri), 219. Simpson, 220. Mennons (Hriansky), 223. Mulhollnnd, 227. Kemp and Kemp, 239. Lees, 2 U. Mill Holland, 248. Smith, 1V.\ jWac Millan, Mason, and Scarboroughj 250. Whitehead, ?58. Macintosh, 252. Nitro-benzole ; Parkes, 247. Miller, 248. Oil (animal) ; Wright, 18. Warne. Fanshawe, Jaqu.es, and Galpin, 152. Harrison, 182. Oils (essential) ; Hancock, 38. Cooley, 61. Brooman, 99. Codet-Ne^rier, 122. Patrick, 155. Newton (Engelhard and Day), 164. Rostaing, 167. Martin, 203. Spilsbury and Emerson, 204. Brant, 205. Lees, 211. INDEX TO SUBJECT MATTER. 289 Solvents, &c. cont. Oil (volatile) ; Martin, 6. Oleic acid ; Hunt, 257. Turpentine, oil of ; Peal.l. Johnson, 1. Clark, 2. Fleetwood, 3. "Weise, 3. Hancock, 4. Hancock, 10. Hancock, 13.. Keene, 14. Hancock, 15. Hancock, 16. Parkes, 16. "Wright, 18. ' Brooman, 22. Bewley, 25. Hancock, 25. Parkes, 27. Hancock, 38. Dalton, 45. Payne, 45. Gerard, 47. Tyler, 60. Cooley, 61. Johnson, 66. Fry, 82. Forty and Haynes, 87. Newton, 90. Brooinan, 99. Penney, 100. Hill, 101. Cornides, 102. Johnson, 103. Johnson, 104. Bielefeld, 105; Sautelet, 106. Ford, 108. Ford> 110. Ford, 112. Pord, 115. Riehardson, 123. King, 124. Blizzard, 126. Candelot, 127. Vasserot (Beuchot), 141. Hancock, 142. Cattell, 145. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaques, and Gal pin, 152. Turner, 163. Luis (Lecocq), 173. Ford, 197. Ford, 198. Mennons (Debons and Denny), 201. Fajole and Aerostini, 202. Spilsbury and Emerson, 204. Brant, 205. Henry (Sodete Chartier et Compagnie), 209. Brooman (Anthoine and I.R. Solvents, &c. cont. Turpentine, oil of cont. Mennons (Briansky), 223. Twilley and Laine 1 , 231. Fontainemoreau (Innocent and Perroncel), 243. Miller, 248. Mac Millan, Mason, and Scarborough, 250. Vapour of the solvent ; Hancock, 17. Parkes, 27. Johnson (Guibal and Cumenge), 83. Sponge or porous india-rubber or gutta percha : Hancock, 25. Hancock, 33. Newton, 47. Cooke, 95. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaques, and Galpin, 150. Silver and Griffin, 183. Starch. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Stearine. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Stickiness. See Clamminess, &c. Straining. See Preparing, &c. Stiffening, special treatment to obviate. See Elasticity, re- taining. Strips. See Bands. Substitutes. See Gutta percha; India-rubber. Sugar of lead. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Sulphur. See Vulcanizing. Sulphur, abstracting from vul- canized india-rubber : Christopher and Gidley, 74. Newton, 91. Brooinan, 99. Johnson, 116. Tooth, 193. Henry (Sodete Chartier et Campagnie), 209. Lavater, 238. 290 INDEX TO SUBJECT MATTER. Sulphur, chloride of. See Vul- canizing. Sulphurets. See Vulcanizing. Sulphuric acid. See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Sulphurous acid gas. See Vul- canizing. Susu poco. See also Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Wray, 140. Tallow. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Tapioca. See Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Tar. See Compounds of gutta- percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Thread and string of gutta percha, india-rubber, &c. Dumeste, 5. Hartley, 7. Nickels, 8. Hancock, 11. Parkes, 16. Alsop and Forster, 22. Brooman, 23. Clark, 24. Newton, 24. Hancock, 33. Forster, 36. Nickels, 43. Gerard, 66. Meeus, 86. Brooman, 96. Bousfield, 113. Newton (Davenport), 115. Macintosh, 127. Moseley, 131. Moseley, 144. Turner, 186. Dunlop, 187. Miller, 191. Daft, 208. Gerard, 214. Jennings and Lavater, 228. Clark, 229. Coles, Jaques, and Fan- shawe, 235. Thread and string cont. Gerard, 236. Storey, 240. Collins, 244, Dunlop, 255. Moseley, 260. Dunlop and Crossley, 261. Tonquin beans. See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. Tungstic acid. See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Turpentine. See Solvents, &c. Varnishes. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. ' Varnishing. See Coating, &c. Vegetable powders. See Com- pounds of gutta percha, &c.; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Vitriol, oil of. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Com- pounds of india-rubber, &c. Vulcanizing, by means of: Antimony, sulphuret of ; Hancock, 33. Burke, 44. Moulton, 50. Scoutetten, 73. Jeune, 118. Forster, 258. Arsenic, trisulphide of (orpi- ment) ; Hancock, 25. Parkes, 27. Brockedon and Hancock, 30. Hancock, 33. Moulton, 50. Forster, 258. Chlorides, nitrites, nitrates, fluorides, bromides, iodides, and phosphureta of the earths and metals ; Parkes, 27. Brockedon and Hancock, 30. Duvivier and Chaudet, 98. INDEX TO SUBJECT MATTER. 291 Vulcanizing by means of cont. Lead, hyposulphite of; Moulton, 82. Moulton. 50. Rider, 51. Cooley, 61. Eider, 80. Shephard, 200. Jennings and Lavater, 233. Fontainemoreau (Innocent and Perroncel), 243. Lead, sulphuret of; Moulton, 32. Moulton, 50. Cooley, 61. Ryder, 80. Jennings and Lavater, 233. Fontainemoreau (Innocent and PerronceT), 243. Lime, hydrosulphuret of ; Hancock, 33. Moulton, 50. Fontainemoreau (Innocent and Perroncel), 243. Mercury, sulphides of ; Bateman, 235. Forster, 258. Sulphur; Hancock, 17. Newton, 19. Brockedon, 22. Brooman, 22. Keene, 24. Hancock, 27. Hancock, 33. Forster, 37. Hancock, 38. Barlow and Forster, 40. Ricardo, 42. Nickels, 43. Richards, Taylor, and Wylde, 46. Siemens, 46. Newton, 48. Newton (Goodyear), 49. Poole Goodyear ,52. Poole Goodyear ,52. Poole Goodyear ,52. Poole Goodyear ,53. Poole Goodyear ,54. Poole (Goodyear ,54. Poole (Goodyear Poole (Goodyear ,55. ,56. Poole (Goodyear Poole (Goodyear ,57. ,57. Poole (Goodyear ,58. Poole (Goody ear) ,58. Poole (Goodyear), 59. Goodyear, 72. Goodyear, 76. Goodyear, 76. Goodyear, 78. Goodyear, 79. Goodyear, 79. Rider, 80. Gidley and Muschamp, 81. Vulcanizing by means of cont. Sulphur cont. Johnson (Guibal), 83. Goodyear, 84. Sorel, 85. Newton, 89. Johnson, 90. Johnson, 94. Ross, 95. Fanshawe and Fanshawe, 98. Johnson (Morey), 100. Goodyear, 100. Bielefeld, 105. Goodyear, 105. Sautelet, 106. Johnson (Wacrenier),1.09. Johnson ( Wacrenier), 109. Latta, 109. Ford, 110. Turner, 111. Johnson (Steinlen), 111. Turner, 111. Ford, 112. Bousfield, 113. Goodyear, 114. Ford, 115. Lorimier, 116. Rider, 116. Lorimier, 117. Deplanque, 119. Johnson (Morey), 119. Bousfield, 120. Newton, 121. Codet-Negrier, 122. Day, 122. Day, 123. Spill, 124. Parker, 125. Newton, 125. Candelot, 127. Parker, 128. Newton, 130. Moseley, 131. Henson, 131. Putnam, 132. Dodge, 133. Johnson (Day), 135. Warne, 136. Hope, 137. Cowper (Cuppers), 138. Kirrage, 140. Dodge, 141. "Warne, Jaques, and Fan- shawe, 142. Duncan, 143. Childs. 144. Moseley, 144. Patrick, 146. Belling, 147. Clark, 147. Hooper, 149. Warne, Fanshawe, Jaques, and Galpin, 150. Johnson (Day), 153. Childs, 153. Dodge (Hall), 154. T 2 292 INDEX TO SUBJECT MATTER. Vulcanizing, by means of cont. Sulphur cont, Patrick, 155. Newton (May all), 156. Newton (Green), 157. Bousfield (Murphy), 157. Laurence, 158. Daft, 160. Newton (Baker\,lL Childs, 162. Pitman (Eatin), 163. Daft, 164. Newton (Cheever) ,168. Hooper, 170. Newton (Cheever), 171. Bridges, 172. Richard, 173, Silver and Barwick, 174. Hooper, 175. Woodcock, 376. Noirot, 177. Pitman (Bourn, Brown, and Chaffee),Vtl. Pitman (Bourn, Brown, and Chaff ee), 178. Newton (Cheever), 178. Newton (Cheever), 179. Newton (Cheever), 181. Moulton, 185. Silver and Griffin, 188. Hunt, 192. Williams, 196. Baggs and Parkes, 199. Forster, 199. Shephard, 200. Gabriel and Gabriel, 204. Cartwright, 204. Lerenard, 207. De la Bastida (Cohen and Vaillant). 207. Daft, 208. Henry (Societe CJiartier et Compagnie), 209. Re'mie're, 211. Puller, 211. Brooman (Baldamus), 211. Griffin, 212. Hancock and Silver, 213. Gerard, 214. Bousfield (Hay ward), 217. Hooper, 218. Gilbee (Mathevon), 219. Ford and Rigg, 220. Jennings and Lavater, 221. Mulholland, 224. Bousfield (Taylor), 225. Spill, Briggs. and Spill, 225. Norris (Holl), 226. Clarksou, 228. Bousfteld (May all), 230. Bousfield (Taylor), 232. Jennings and Lavater, 233. Henson, 235. De Briou, 236. Gerard, 236. Clark (Quinet and Bait- douin), 237. Vulcanizing, by means of cont . Sulphur cont. Ritchie, 238. Lavater, 238. Hancock and Silver, 241. Stevens (Stevens), 242. Fontainemoreau (Innocent andPerroncel), 243. Mayall, 245. Mayall, 246. Mayall, 246. Abel, 2 47. Mulholland, 248. Lerenard, 249. De Briou, 251. Pelt (Felt), 252. Whitehead, 252. Macintosh, 252. Bourne, 254. Bousfield (McBurney), 256. Hunt, 257. Forster, 258. Simpson, 259. Darlow and Seymour, 260. Moseley, 260. Sulphur, chloride or hypochlo- ride of; Parkes, 27. Brockedon and Hancock, SO. Duvivier and Chaudet, 99. Parkes, 108. Macintosh, 126. Macintosh, 130. Wray, 140. Moseley, 144. Moseley, 149. Macintosh, 176. Godefroy, 193. Bowra, 200. Newton (Elmer), 206. Henry (Societe Chartier et Campagnie), 209. Hancock and Silver, 213. Hull, 215. Spill, Briggs, and Spill, 225. Mulholland, 227. Jennings and Lavater, 228. Humphrey, 231. Turner and Clai-k, 235. Pontainemoreau (Innocent and Perroncel), 243. Sulphuret of an alkali ; Hancock, 36. Moulton, 50. Sulphurous acid gas ; Westhead, 38. Nickels, 43. Hughes, 117. Zinc, sulphide, sulphite, or hypo- sulphite of; Moulton, 50. Rider, 51. Johnson, 61. Brookes, 74. INDEX TO SUBJECT MATTER. 293 Vulcanising by means of cont. line, sulphide, sulphite, or hypo- sulphite of ; Rider, 80. Ninck, 119. Rostaing, 167. Fontainemoreau (Innocent and Perroncel), 243. Forster, 258. Waterproof coating, prepara- tions for. See Coating and cementing, &c. ; Solvents, &c. Wax. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. ; Compounds of india-rubber, &c. Whalebone. See Compounds of gutta percha, &c. White lead. 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FURNITURE AND UPHOLSTERY, price 2s., by post 2s. 4d. 40. ACIDS, ALKALIES, OXIDES, AND SALTS, price 3s. 8 ii-tiv; 1- v \> es.vnJ A.D. 1867, June 17. No. 1772. GRAY, MATTHEW. " Manufacture of electrical telegraphic " conductors." Part of this invention relates to first coating the several wires which are to surround a core wire with a substance adapted in the subsequent twisting of these wires to fill up any space between them. For this purpose the outer wires pass through a chamber carried by a revolving twisting frame and containing a suit- able coating solution. The solution found to answer is composed of gutta percha, bitumen, and tar in proportions such as will be kept in a sufficiently fluid state by the applica- tion of heat. The second part of the invention relates, when coating wires with gutta percha or other insulating substance in a heated state, to means for drawing upon the coated wire at separate parts of its progress through the cooling media before winding it on to the reels to avoid injury to such coating while it is cooling; the fresh coated wire after being in part cooled by cold water in a bath, passes partly round a grooved A 2 4 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER pulley of size sufficient to act by its holding to draw the coated wire ; the grooved pulley has a positive motion given to it. [Printed, 2s. 4d. Drawings.] A.D. 1867, August 1. No. 2224. QU1N, JAMES. Preparation of hose pipes and woven fabrics. Firstly, the yarn or woven fabric is steeped in a solution of about five pounds of corrosive sublimate in one hundred quarts of soft water, it is then washed. Secondly, a mixture is formed "of about ten parts of " caoutchouc, one part of magnesia, two parts of black anti- " mony, one part of sulphur, one half part of asphalt or coal " pitch, four parts of oxide of zinc, four parts of calomel, and " two parts of red oxide of mercury." This compound must be heated, and well mixed and masticated together, and then rolled into a thin sheet and dissolved in about twelve parts of coal naptha or rectified coal tar oil. The solution is laid upon one side of the hose or fabric, and then pressed into the fibres, when dry it is again brushed over with a coating of the com- pound. When the naptha or tar oil has evaporated the hose or fabric is placed in a strong iron pan, made to receive water or steam, and subjected to a temperature of about 270 Fah. for about fifteen minutes. Thirdly, the reverse side of the hose or fabric is coated with a solution composed of about one part of creosote or coal tar oil to five parts of red oxide of mercury to prevent the rotting of the outer part of the fabric. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. ] A.D. 1867, September 14. No. 2604. JEYES, JOHN. " Material to be used as a substitute for oiled " silk, bladders, gut skins, india-rubber, and other water- " proof materials, and leather." Blotting, tissue, or thick paper is covered or saturated with a solution of gutta percha, shellac, coal tar, and methylated spirit. The gutta percha, shellac, and tar are mixed at a temperature of about 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and then the spirit is added. For a cheap material gutta perch and shellac are dissolved in petroleum spirit or other hydrocarbon solvent. As a substitute for leather blotting paper is used in a series of alternate layers in combination with cotton, linen, or other fabric secured together by the application of the above- mentioned solutions. Paper pulp is also treated with the solutions, and from it sheets of any required thickness are manufactured. [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1867, September 28. No. 2744. HAMER, MILTON. Apparatus for manufacturing india-rubber tubing. This invention consists in " the production of india-rubber " tubing by drawing strips of material through guides or 8 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " guides along the strips so as to bring the edges thereof " together." . [Printed, lOcZ. Drawing.'] A.D. 1867, October 23. No. 2977. BUG-G-, FREDERICK JOHN. Manufacture of pressed leather. According to this invention it is proposed to employ in the manufacture of pressed leather a cementing material which is not soluble in water, and which is by preference prepared by dissolving one pound of india rubber, four ounces of gutta percha, and two ounces of shellac in three gallons of coal-tar naptha. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings."] A.D. 1867, December 13. No. 3542. SINTZENICH, EDWARD REED. (A communication from Daniel Reed.) (Provisional protection only.) Treating gutta-percha, india-rubber, Honduras gum, and other allied gums for the production of a preparation applicable for various purposes. " The treatment consists in dissolving such gums in benzine " or benzole, or its chemical equivalents, and by adding " alcohol in sufficient quantity, in separating the purer " portions of the gum from the barky, resinous, and other " foreign substances, the gum rising and collecting in the " form of a curd more or less solid (by the action of the " alcohol) which is to be redissolved thoroughly in benzine or " benzole to any consistency for the finer uses." " When the " gums thus prepared are to be used for coarse purposes, such " as the treatment of clothes, leather, or woven fabrics, or " substances to render them waterproof, or when used as a " cement or coating or solid substance the treatment consists 10 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " in redissolving one part of the curd formed in the first or " finer process in benzine or benzole, and one part in bisul- " pheret of carbon or its chemical equivalents, and when both " are thoroughly dissolved the two solutions are mixed " together and are ready for use." When used as a substitute for type fullers' earth is added to the solution, and the substance thus formed is pressed into moulds. Telegraphic wires or conductors are insulated by one or more coats of the material. When used for dental and surgical purposes the solution is evaporated either with or without moulds and with or without pigments, fullers' earth, .or similar materials. When the solution is used in conjunction with leather as a substitute for leather, the cuttings of leather ground up, cut or scraped into shred are used with the solution. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings J] 1868. A.D. 1868, February 4. No. 373. GRETHER, ERNEST, and BAILEY, MARK. (Provisional protection only.) " Machinery for cutting discs or washers of " india-rubber and other substances." A number of india-rubber or other cords or cylinders are fitted into tubes, which revolve rapidly round their axes. " All these tubes are placed side by side in one row, and " whatever projects out of them is cut off by a knife, which is " caused to vibrate or travel to and fro in front of and in " close proximity to the tubes." At the back of each tube is a rod, which, after each stroke of the knife, pushes the cord forward a distance equal to the thickness of the discs. {Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1868, February 18. No. 526. DUFILHOL, ADEIEN MAHIE. (Provisional protection only.} " Method of shoeing horses and other beasts of burden." AND GUTTA PERCH A. 11 Instead of fixing the shoe with nails it is proposed to use " an intermediate body of cement, at the same time very " adhesive and very elastic." The cement is composed as follows : " Gntta percha 75 per cent., india rubber 10/c> and " gum lac 15/ , the whole intimately mixed." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1868, April 13. No. 1222. FORSTER, THOMAS. "Manufacture of compounds of india- " rubber, gutta percha, balata, parkesine, solid paraffine or " vegetable oils, and vegetable fibre." The vegetable fibre is first reduced to a fine powder resembling flour, it is then mixed with india-rubber, gutta percha, balata, parkesine, or with solid paraffine or vegetable oils. " Any vegetable fibre, such as cotton, flax, hemp, " manillajute, or other fibrous material that is capable of " being manufactured into paper, or such as waste paper, " rags, wood, or sawdust may be employed." To reduce the fibre it is first cleansed, then macerated in an acid bath ; after which it is removed and while wet exposed to heat, it is then washed, dried, and sieved. [Printed, Sd. Drawing.^ . B, , A.D. 1868, April 20. No. 1289. COLES, GEORGE ; JAQUES, JAMES ARCHIBALD ; and FAN- SHAWE, JOHN AMERICUS. Manufacture of elastic bands. 16 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER This invention " consists in embossing the faces of the " bands and rounding the edges." When cylindrical bands are to be produced the strips of rubber to form the bands are laid out flat between the em- bossing plates and submitted to pressure. When the bands are made in the form of disc rings these may be strung on a spindle with metal embossing washers between them, and while thereon they may be vulcanized. [Printed, 6d. Drawing.'] A.D. 1868, April 21. No. 1296. COLES, GEORGE; JAQUES, JAMES ARCHIBALD; and FAN- SHAWE, JOHN AMERICUS. Apparatus for producing thin strips or filaments, intended particularly for dividing sheets of india-rubber into threads. The sheet of india-rubber is passed between pairs or sets of cutters with square edges, which act on the principle of a pair of shears. It is proposed to use a number of these cutters in combination, so that several threads may be cut simulta- neously from the same sheet of india-rubber. [Printed, IQd. Drawing."] A.D. 1868, April 23. No. 1336. ROGERS, JOSEPH. Utilizing residual products obtained in the treatment of vegetable oils and from the distillation and refining of crude mineral and bituminous products. A compound, consisting of two parts by weight of the solid residuum resulting from the treatment of vegetable oils, such as cotton seed oil, and one part of the fluid residuum resulting from the rectification of petroleum or of coal oil, is mixed and incorporated with gutta percha or india-rubber or mix- tures of the same, for the purpose of obtaining a material suitable for coating telegraphic wires, ships bottoms, metal, wood, masonry, paper, fibrous materials, and woven fabrics. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.T). 1868, May 9. No. 1522. MOULTON, STEPHEN. "Treatment of vulcanized or cured " india-rubber for obtaining a substance of a mossy nature " suitable for printers' inking rollers, cushions, and other " articles." AND GUTTA PERCHA. 17 Vulcanized india-rubber is reduced to powder, and then subjected " to a second vulcanizing heat, the powder or dust " being placed (previous to this second vulcanizing) in a suit- " able mould according to the particular form or shape of the " article required." [Printed, , 4<#. No Dr awing s.~\ A.D. 1868, May 27. No. 1750. GRAY, MATTHEW. Manufacture of electric conductors which are covered with insulating composition such as vulcanized india-rubber or its compounds. This invention consists, firstly, in vulcanizing the successive lengths of the cable as they are joined up in such a manner that the free end for, say, from one to two feet of its length will be left uncured and unchanged, so that the next length can be joined on without difficulty. The vulcanizing vessel is formed with two openings, through which the ends of the cable, when coiled up in the vessel, are allowed to project, so that those portions may not be operated on by the curing process. Or the end of the cable which it is desired to protect may be placed iu a tubular vessel contained in the vulcanizing vessel and imbedded in a bad conductor of heat, the tubular vessel may be further protected by a water jacket. Secondly, when it is required to join two ends that are covered with vulcanized rubber, the insulating compound is cut away for a few inches from each of the ends that require to be joined ; the wires are then soldered and covered with uncured rubber compound. " This uncured part of the " insulating compound is then to be placed in a small vul- " canizing vessel, through the sides of which the cable will " project, and hot steam being admitted to the interior of the " vessel the change called vulcanizing will then be effected." [Printed, Sd. Drawing.'] A.D. 1868, June 2. No. 1811. STERNE, Louis. " Manufacturing driving belts, bands, or " straps from india-rubber and metal united or joined " together during the process of vulcanization." When a belt is to be made with metal on one side only, a length of rubber prepared for vulcanization and a thin strip of 13211. B 20 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER rubber or other soft material. " The sheet after having been " operated upon will assume a porous-like texture." Sheet rubber may be similarly punctured by the aid of piercing tools fixed in a fly press or otherwise. " Sheet rubber so " prepared will be useful for various purposes." [Printed, 4?d. No Drawings.^ A.D. 1868, June 22. No. 2015. TAYLOR, GrEOKGE. " Construction of boots and shoes, also " means to be used in connection with such construction." A metal mould is made of a shape similar to the sole of the foot and its length may be from the toe to the inside of the heel. The mould is made with " indents (say^ths of an inch " in diameter at distances of fths of an inch apart) in that " portion which extends from the toe to the commencement " of the ' waist.' Flanges are formed round the edges of the " mould." Into the mould is poured liquid caoutchouc, which, when solidified, dried, and removed from the mould, presents on one side a series of nipples resulting from the indents. This india-rubber sole is placed as the under or intermediate sole of the boot or shoe. [Printed, 6d. Drawing.'] A.D. 1868, July 7. No. 2.151. MAY ALL, THOMAS JEFFERSON," Manufacture of sheets of " vulcanized india-rubber compounds for forming the soles " of boots and shoes." Upon a sheet of cotton cloth or other fabric is spread a layer of pure india-rubber dissolved in naphtha, camphine, or other solvent, upon this coating is spread the prepared india- rubber or compound which is to form the vulcanized sheet. The compound preferred consists of " Four pounds of the ' ' rubber, two pounds of whiting, one pound of sulphur, one " pound of litharge, one half pound of magnesia, one half " pound of lampblack, and two pounds of clay." When the compound has been spread by means of an ordinary coating machine the sheet is again passed between the rolls of the machine in contact with a sheet of some woven fabric or other substance, the surface of the rubber being first sprinkled with French chalk or other suitable material to prevent the AND &UTTA PERCHA. 21 adhesion of the two materials. The pattern of the fabric is by this means impressed upon the surface of the india-rubber compound. The sheet of material is then wound upon a receiving roller and left till vulcanized. The impression cloth is then removed from the vulcanized sheet, leaving a pattern on the latter. The cotton cloth united by the pure rubber solution may then be stripped from the rubber by moistening it with warm water, naptha, or camphine. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1868, September 14. No. 2825, TURNBULL, HENRY JOHN. Compositions for preserving and keeping clean the bottoms of iron ships, and iron structures exposed to the action of the atmosphere and water. The composition for preventing the oxidation of the iron consists of gutta percha and resin dissolved in combination with pine varnish. The anti-fouling composition is a preparation of phosphorus and shellac. [Printed, 4-d. No Drawings^] A.D. 1868, October 6. No. 3051. ASPINALL, JOSEPH. (Provisional protection only.}" Im- " provements in telegraphic and other ropes or cables," " also applicable in hardening the- surface of india-rubber " and gutta percha." 28 PREPARATION OF INDIA EUBBEE The ropes or -cables are enveloped in felt or other fabric saturated with a compound of gutta percha and pitch or rosin. Silica or other similar hard powder is mixed with the gutta percha and pitch or similar composition, or a silicate such as soap-stone is mixed with it, and the silica is afterwards freed by means of an acid, or a solution is applied such as chloride of calcium, which con verts the silicate originally employed into a hard stoney substance. The surface of india-rubber and gutta percha is hardened in a similar manner ; the surface is washed over with cement or solvent having a silicate such as soapstone mixed with it, an acid or a solution of chloride of calcium, or such like salt is then applied. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1868, October 20, No. 3215. FOESTEE, THOMAS, and HEAETFIELD, JOHN. " Improve - " ments in sponging or bath gloves," partly " applicable to " the joining india-rubber sponge." In the manufacture of the gloves sheets of india-rubber sponge are employed. The sheets are cut to suitable forms, the edges of the pieces are then cemented with india-rubber cement made with benzole. " When the cement is dry the " pieces are stuck together, and then to make the joint secure " they are treated with chloride of sulphur diluted with " bi-sulphide of carbon, and thus the india-rubber films " forming the joints are also vulcanized. " The same method of securely joining pieces of india- " rubber sponge by uniting them with india-rubber cement " and subsequently vulcanizing such joint is also applicable " to the manufacture of other articles." [Printed, 4sd. No Drawings.] A.D. 1868, October 21. No. 3226. MAcMILLAN, CATHERINE. (A communication from William Jardine Combe MacMillan.)' ' Protecting iron ships and " other submerged surfaces from corrosion and marine " growths," and " compositions to be so employed." " A compound of gutta percha and resin in equal pro- " portions is employed ; these materials are boiled together, AND GUTTA PEECHA. 29 " using however only BO much heat as is necessary to admit ," for the complete mixture of the ingredients." " The surface of the iron ship having been thoroughly " cleaned is heated by means of a coke fire contained in a " portable basket; the compound is then applied." It is spread by means of small hand metal -spreading rollers or irons, these are also heated. To prevent the adhesion of barnacles and marine growths a second coating is applied, which is a preparation of phosphorus and shellac. [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1868, October 29. No. 3309. LIDDELL, WILLIAM HODGSON. Treating pig skins. Part of this invention relates to a " system of buffing " adapted to closing and filling up the pores of the skin, so " that the black body used for filling up shall not run through " to the other side." The black body employed is " a mix- " ture of dissolved india-rubber, with about a fourth part of " sugar of lead made into a paste by gum dissolved in oil, or " spirit, or both, in place of water as hitherto." [Printed, 4id. No Drawings.] A.D. 1868, November 21. No. 3543. HAEEIS, ISAAC BLUE. (Provisional protection only.) " Manufacture of driving bands." A core is first formed of woven wire embedded in a sheet of soft vulcanized india-rubber or gutta perch a, or their com- pounds. One or more layers of this embedded woven wire may be employed to form the core, the upper face of which is overlaid with sheet rubber to cover the exposed wire. Eound the core thus formed is lapped a coating of strong cotton cloth or canvas prepared on one side with the soft rubber or gutta percha compound, joining the edges of the lapping cloth on the face of the band, and this joint is covered with the strip of the compound. The fabric thus formed is sub- mitted to pressure and to the vulcanizing process. [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings. ] 30 PEEPAEATION OF INDIA EUBBEE A.D. 1868, November 23. No. 3564. PHILLIPS, JAMES EDWIN. (Provis ional protection only).: " Improvements in sewing machines, parts of which im- " provements are applicable to other purposes." Part of this invention relates to the employment of india- rubber, gutta percha, or compounds thereof, in the construc- tion of gearing in the following manner : For toothed pinions a boss or foundation wheel is cast in metal with a ring or suitable projections, this foundation wheel is placed in a mould, having suitable cavities formed for the teeth, the space in the mould not occupied by the foundation wheel is filled with india-rubber gutta percha or compounds thereof, it is then submitted to heat to " cure " it and cause the com- pound to adhere to the boss. Wheels of coarse pitch are cast in metal with smaller teeth than those required, a coating of india-rubber is then applied in a manner similar to that above described. In some cases a band of india-rubber, gutta percha or compounds thereof is placed around the teeth and drawn down between them by bolts and nuts or other means. [Printed, 4id. No Drawings.] A.D. 1868, December 2. No. 366L EOSTAINGr, CHARLES SYLVESTER. (Provisional protection only). Construction of electric telegraph cables. Part of this invention consists of a "plastic compound " composed of gutta percha melted with from five to ten " per cent, of tannin, or of catechu, or of a combination of " gutta percha and caoutchouc melted and thoroughly " worked together also combined with tannin or catechu," used for impregnating textile fabrics serving for the construc- tion of electric cables, or for coating them, or for giving the electric fluid conducting wires, for their better insulation, a coating or varnish more or less thick before winding them round the central cord or core. [Printed, 6d. Drawing.'] A.D. 1868, December 29. No. 3961. MAESH, JOHN. (Provisional protection only.} " Covering " or capping bottles, jars, and other surfaces." AND GUTTA PEECHA. 31 India-rubber vulcanized or prepared so as to be really elastic or other suitable elastic material is made into small conical, or sugar loaf, or other suitably shaped caps, these are pressed on .to and over any corks or stoppers of the bottles, jars, or surfaces to be capped or covered so as to tightly encompass the same. " The india-rubber coverings for bottles are first of " all made in moulds, then put on mandrels, and finished off by " hand, every one single and every cap moulded separately." [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.'] 1869. A.D. 18(59, January 13. No. 101. STEENE, Louis, JAQUES, JAMES ARCHIBALD, and FAN- SHAWE, JOHN AMEBICUS. (Provisional protection only.) " Manufacture of elastic rubbers." This invention relates to articles made of porous rubber, sometimes called rubber sponge. The object is to prevent the articles from getting out of shape. The porous rubber is combined with a framing of some more rigid substance which will maintain its shape, such for instance as solid vulcanized india-rubber or hard rubber. Bars or pieces of this solid sub- stance are arranged ' ' in any convenient manner, as for " instance in the form of a cross or of a rectangular or oval " frame or skeleton with cross bars or cells ; the composition " to form the spongy or porous rubber is placed in the cells " or interstices between the solid parts, and the whole being " submitted to the vulcanizing process all the several parts " will be firmly united together." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1869, February 3. No. 327. MACINTOSH JOHN.'* Ornamenting surfaces." This " invention consists in using a combination of paraffin " or stearic acid, india rubber, and collodion mixed with " metallic powders or gold or silver leaf for the ornamenta- 1 ' tion of surfaces, whereby they are rendered waterproof and " not liable to tarnish or oxidation." In some cases the 32 PEEPAEATION OF INDIA EUBBEE compound of india-rubber and paraffin or stearic acid is used as a ground, and the metallic powder or leaf is spread thereon. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1869, February 18. No. 507. FOESTEE, THOMAS, and COW, PETER BRUSEY, junior. (Provisional protection only.} "Manufacture of india-rubber " suction and other pipes, and of hose, buckets, bags, and " such like vessels." The inventors " substitute for the galvanized iron wire coil " used in the manufacture of ordinary suction and other hose " alternate rings or spirals of rubber having two different " quantities of sulphur in them, so that after the operation " of steam vulcanizing every alternate ring or spiral will be " hard, while the intermediate ones will be flexible." In manufacturing india-rubber hose, buckets, bags, and such like vessels they " substitute for the cotton or linen " fabric ordinarily used for giving strength a material com- *' posed of rubber and fibre." This is obtained " by mixing " rubber and vegetable fibre (cotton, linen, and flax, by pre- " ference) with or without sulphur by means of a pair of " rollers moving at unequal speeds until the compound forms " a kind of felted paper impervious to water." This com- pound is rolled into sheets, which are used in the same manner that the cotton or linen fabric is now used. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1869, February 20. No. 531. GEAY, MATTHEW. " Manufacture of covered electrical con- " ductors." The object of this invention is to reduce the liability which the conducting strands or wires have to lose their central position in the india-rubber envelope during the vulcanizing process. The conducting wire is enclosed first in pure india- rubber, this is overlaid with a plastic compound of india- rubber and sulphur applied by means of the machine described in No. 2505, A.D. 1868, or by other machinery. A tape or strip of cotton or other suitable fabric is next lapped or coiled helically around the india-rubber and sulphur coating while AND GUTTA PERCHA. 33 it is still in a green state. This clotb covering is paid over with a solution of the rubber compound, and the face of a second strip of cloth is prepared with the like solution, this strip of cloth is lapped around the coated wire in the opposite direction to that of the first cloth covering. The conductor thus prepared is submitted to heat in the vulcanizing chamber. The covered conductor is wound on a large hollow iron cylinder or drum (covered on the outside with a soft substance such as cotton) by causing the drum to rotate. This drum is put into the vulcanising chamber. "The drum being hollow " and open at the ends will allow of a smaller drum similarly " laden with a covered electrical conductor being placed " therein, and this second drum may contain a third, and " so on." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'} A.D. 1869, April 14. No. 1157. CLARK, ALEXANDER MELVILLE. (A communication from Manuel Leopold Jonas Lavater.) (Provisional protection only.) " Manufacture of india-rubber nipples for feeding bottles." " The nipple is formed in hollow moulds made in a single " piece of metal, glass, or ceramic material." India-rubber either pure or a composition " is run in a " state of solution into the mould, which is then inverted to " allow the material to run off. In this manner a thin film " of india-rubber is deposited on the interior surface of the " mould." The operation is repeated as many times as required nntil the desired thickness is obtained. The hollow central space within the mould is then filled with silicate of magnesia and the whole submitted to a vulcanizing process. Or the nipple may be made by hand of vulcanized india- rubber, then placed in the mould, and an elastic mandril introduced into the nipple. The mandril consists of a small tube of india-rubber closed at the end inserted in the nipple. Air is then forced into the elastic mandril by the aid of an insufflator, whereby it is expanded so as to press the nipple against the sides of the mould and maintain it in such position. When the mandril is withdrawn the nipple is filled with talc and the whole subjected to a vulcanizing process. [Printed, 6d. Drawing.'] 13211. C 34 PREPAEATION OF INDIA EUBBEE A.D. 1869, April 24. No. 1278. FOESTER, THOMAS, and COW, PETER BRUSEY, junior. - " Compounds containing india-rubber, gutta percha, or " balata." A compound is made by combining with india-rubber a substance called coorongite. This substance is prepared " by " passing it through and through between rollers over which " water is running until it works into a plastic mass, and " until much of the sand which it contained has been washed " out." It is then passed between hard rollers to crush up the remaining sand, and it is worked up with masticated india-rubber. The compound "may be dissolved in the *' ordinary india-rubber solvents, although these solvents " will not dissolve coorongite itself." Sulphur is also mixed with this compound, and it is exposed to heat and in this way vulcanized. "The compound may " also be vulcanized by other well-known vulcanizing " processes. " Other substances may be added to the compound of " india-rubber and coorongite, such as gutta percha, balata, " gums, pigments, mineral powders, and other substances " now commonly mixed with india-rubber. " Gutta percha may also be substituted for india-rubber in " the above-mentioned compounds, and so also may balata." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. .] A.D. 1869, May 5. No. 1386. PHILLIPS, JAMES EDWIN. " Improvements in .sewing " machines," " parts of which improvements are applicable " to other machinery." Part of this invention relates to ' the employment of india- rubber, gutta percha, or compounds thereof, in the construction of gearing in the following manner : For toothed pinions, a boss or foundation wheel is cast in metal with a ring or suitable projections, this foundation wheel is placed in a mould, having suitable cavities formed for the teeth, the space in the mould not occupied by the- foundation wheel is filled with india-rubber, gutta percha or compounds thereof, it is then submitted to heat to "cure" it and cause the compound to adhere to the boss. Wheels of coarse pitch are AND GUTTA PERCHA. 35 cast in metal with smaller teeth than those required, a coating of india-rubber is then applied in a manner similar to that above described. In some cases a band of india-rubber, gutta- percha or compounds thereof is placed around the teeth and drawn down between them by bolts and nuts or other means. [Printed, Is. 6d. Drawings.'] A.D. 1869, May 10. No. 1424. WOLFGANG, MARK SCHMERL. " Cricket and other balls." A core is first formed of compressed cork united by means of india-rubber solution, a coating of asbestos is then applied, and bound with canvas, cotton, twine, or other suitable material. This is again covered with asbestos, after which a coating of india-rubber mixed with powdered asbestos is applied. The ball is now submitted to heat to cure the rubber. [Printed, 6d. Drawing.] A.D. 1869, May 15. No. 1495. WILKINSON, WILLIAM, and BOSS, MARK. Embossing, printing, enamelling, and ornamenting various substance, and preparing the materials employed. Part of this invention relates to transferring printed designs from transfer paper to the surfaces of glass or metal to be embossed the design being printed with Brunswick black and printers' ink mixed together in equal quantities, and any required quantity of pitch may also be mixed therewith, or printers' ink and gutta percha or wax or any combination of these materials. Another part of the invention relates to a composition for preventing damp or oxidation destroying iron or metallic plates, and consists of two pounds of coal or gas tar, one pound of resin, and one pound of gutta percha. Another part of the invention relates to a composition applicable to various purposes. It consists of refuse skivings or leather cuttings or old leather torn up and reduced to a fine powder, and india-rubber dissolved in naphtha, a proportionate quantity of cork may be added. It may be heated to any required degree in cylinders " and undergo a similar operation C 2 36 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER " to that of india-rubber and gutta percha, and rolled out into " lengths or sheets," " and may also be rolled npon any " desired fabric in order to fill up the meshes." [Printed, Is. 4d. Drawing.'] A.D. 1869, June 28.-No. 1955. SMITH, G-EOHGE THOMAS, and CHALLENGER, CHAKLES. " Composition applicable to the manufacture of floorcloths, " tarpaulins, railway sheets, and other waterproof fabrics." 1 cwt. of vulcanized india-rubber is ground small, then 4 Ibs. of sulphuric acid mixed with 32 Ibs. of water are added to it, after the mixture has been well stirred it is covered over for 12 hours ; it is then put into a copper with 8 Ibs. of naphtha and 3 Ibs. of blue vitriol, and boiled down for a sufficient time to incorporate the mass. The mixture is then placed in a tub and washed with cold water ; it is then to be passed through rollers and made into sheets, which are to be hung up to dry for two or three weeks. 1 Ib. of the dried mixture is added to l|lbs. of rags or waste refuse of flax or hemp, and 1^ Ibs. of leather ground up, this mixture is passed through rollers several times, Ib. of coloring matter being added during the mixing. " The compound or material is then to be passed " through a series of rollers in order to roll it into small " sheets, which are then to be placed in a jacket pan until " sufficient sheets are made to produce a length of cloth;" the sheets are then run through a three-bowl calender to the thickness required. [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1869, July 1. No. 1989. TURNER, ARCHIBALD. (Provisional protection only.} Utilizing the waste strips of india-rubber which are cut off from the edges of sheet rubber. The waste strips are wound " singly on a bobbin from ' ' which when the bobbin is placed in the cutting machine the " strip is unrolled and brought under the action of a series of " circular cutters, which are mounted on a spindle and are "' driven at a high speed. The knives or cutting instruments " are kept wet, and as the strip is fed forward it is by the " rapid rotation of the catters divided up into separate AND GUTTA PEECHA. 37 " threads, the number depending upon the width of the strip, " and these threads are drawn forward by suitable pressure " rollers." [Printed, 4sd. No Drawings."] A.D. 1869, August 9. No. 2379. TTJENEE, ARCHIBALD. (Letters Patent void for want of Final Specification.) Utilizing waste strips of india-rubber, and machinery for cutting sheet rubber into thread. The waste strips, cut off from the edges of sheet rubber, are wound singly on bobbins, or they may be simply placed in a basket or skip. " The strips are brought singly under the " action of a series of circular cutters, whereby the strip is " divided up into a number of threads. A wide sheet of " rubber (any width) can be cut up into threads in the same " manner in a machine of the same construction, which " consists of any convenient number of circular cutters " according to the width of the strip or sheet to be operated " upon. These circular cutters are mounted on a spindle, " and are driven at a high speed. The cutting edges of these " circular cutters are made to bear against a horizontal bar " at the end of a weighted or spring lever." " The circular " knives or cutters are kept wet by causing water to drip " thereon, and as the strip or sheet of rubber is fed forward " by a pair of rollers it passes over the horizontal pressing " bar, which is forced by the weighted lever or spring against " the cutting edges of the rotary knives." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] 1870. A.D. 1870, January 5. No. 41. TRUEMAN, EDWIN THOMAS. " Machinery for cleansing and " preparing gutta percha, india-rubber, and like substances." The instruments used for dividing or ploughing the materials operated upon are formed of the shape approxi- mately of a double wedge ; this is effected by cutting upon the periphery of a suitable metal spindle or cylinder a double- threaded male screw. The threads are made by preference square and each thread runs in a reverse way to and at intervals crosses the other, the result being that wedge- shaped projections are formed upon the spindle; which is placed inside a suitable metal case and is supported on bearings. The internal surface of the metal case is provided with wedge-shaped projections corresponding to those formed upon the spindle. "The gutta percha or other analogous ." material required to be cleansed maybe introduced into " the machine by means of a suitable hopper, and the mass " is forced by the action of the rotating dividing instrument " between the spindle and the inside of the case." The machine works in or under water, or while the materials are submitted to the action of streams or jets of water. 40 PEEPAEATION OF INDIA EUBBEE In a modification of the machine, instead of cutting or forming the projections in or upon and in one piece with the spindle or internal surface of the case respectively, the projections are formed by cutting the double-threaded screw used as the dividing instrument in several sections ; these are fixed on the spindle, and are separated by suitable washers. The machines may be employed without water, and they may be applied for mixing purposes, and for preparing gutta percha and other analogous materials and their compounds with other substances. [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings."] A.D. 1870, January 31. No. 272. DICK, EGBERT. " Covering and insulating the wires of " electric telegraphs." The improvements are, " First. The covering, insulating, " and protecting the conducting wires of electric telegraphs " with inner coatings formed of vulcanized india-rubber and " gutta percha solution (the latter as a cement to the former) '* by themselves or in conjunction with coatings of gutta " percha, as heretofore used." " Second. The application and use of thin strips of vul- " canized india-rubber coated with gutta percha solution (as " a cementing medium) for insulating and covering the " conducting wires of electric telegraphs." " Third. The application, construction, and use of sectional " strips of vulcanized india-rubber coated with gutta percha " solution (as a cementing medium) with grooves for receiving " the electric telegraph wires, all for forming the inner " insulating and protecting coverings of said wires." "Fourth. The application of a first insulating and rough en - " ing coating of shellac and sawdust, finely ground vulcanized " india-rubber, or other equivalent powder material to the " conducting wires of electric telegraphs for insuring the " adhesion of the subsequent cementing coating of gutta " percha solution and vulcanized india-rubber, or of the " ordinary coatings (as gutta percha or others) heretofore " applied to such wires." [Printed, Is. Drawings. ,] - AND GUTTA PEECHA. 41 A.D. 1870, February 1. No. 295. BROADHURST, GEOEGE, SWINDELLS, JOHN, and KERSHAW, JOHN. Manufacture of india-rubber sacks for tobacco and other purposes ; also elastic webbing for boot gussets ; also a partially cut fabric for rollers ; and a pierced or cellular fabric intended for the use of woollen cloth manufacturers. The sacks are made of a length sufficient to admit of being folded up and turned inside out at the mouth. The webbing is made by sewing a band or sheet of india- rubber between two woven or other fabrics by the aid of sewing machinery. The cut fabric is made by fixing vulcanized india-rubber of suitable size and thickness to a travelling platform, with which it is passed under a rapidly revolving circular knife, which makes parallel cuts in the rubber to any required depth. The pierced or cellular fabric is made by punching small holes in a sheet of india-rabber prepared for vulcanizing, and then vulcanizing it to canvas. For punching the sheet rubber a steel plate pierced with suitable sized holes and fitted with centre punches are employed. The sheet of rubber is passed between the plate and the punches and the points of the punches are forced into the holes by a sharp blow. [Printed, Is. 6d. Drawings.'] A.D. 1870, Marcli 11. No. 726. JACKSON, CHAKLES. Improvements in vnlcanizers, also applicable for regulating the flow of gas for other purposes. The vulcanizer consists of a boiler heated by gas. The boiler is made of wrought-iron plates and the lid is provided with a metallic joint so as to render india-rubber packing unnecessary. On the pipe which connects the pressure gauge with the boiler is fixed a chamber, into which open the inlet pipe conveying gas to this chamber, and two outlet pipes conveying gas from the chamber to the burners of the vulcanizer. In the chamber is a flat tube closed at one end and bent into a nearly circular figure. The open end of this flat tube communicates with the pipe of the pressure gauge, and the closed end is free to move. On the closed end is 42 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER a lever carrying two valves, situated respectively opposite the outlet pipes, by which gas is conveyed to the burners. By the pressure of steam in the boiler the flat curved tube in the gas chamber tends to uncoil itself, and, acting on the valves, regulates the supply of gas to the burners. [Printed, Is. 2d. Drawings.'] A.D. 1870, March 11. No. 728. THAMSEN, PETER CHRISTIAN. (A communication from Soren Sorensen.)" Manufacture of artificial leather" Leather waste, leather cuttings, leather shavings, or other small bits of leather, either new or old, are reduced to a kind of fibrous pulp by hand labour or by a machine or mill. *' This matter or pulp is then kneaded with india-rubber, " which is rendered fluid or dissolved in oils or spirits and " treated with ammonia." It is .preferred to dissolve the india-rubber in oil of turpentine. Previous to mixing the pulp with the india-rubber solution it is preferred to treat the pulp with ammonia vapour. When the mixture of pulp and india-rubber solution has been kneaded to an even mass it is pressed in forms, or by rollers, or otherwise into the required shape. It is afterwards dried and pressed and is then ready for use. In some cases the india-rubber solution is dispensed with, ammonia alone being employed to act upon the leather pulp. " The quality of this artificial leather can be improved by " vulcanizing." For this purpose one part of chloride of sulphur is mixed with forty parts of sulphide of carbon. " In " this liquid the leather remains for 5 or 6 minutes, when the " intended effect has been produced." " The mixed liquid " may also be added to the solution of india-rubber and " ammonia." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1871, May 10. No. 1257. PAGET, FREDERICK ARTHUR. (Partly a communication from Louis Lemoine.) (Provisional protection only.) " Improve- " ments in springs/' This invention relates particularly to the annular or seg- mental springs used for the wheels of road locomotives and carriages, and to the annular springs used for buffer and draw springs. It consists in combining prepared cork with india- rubber, preferably vulcanized, and with or without additional springs of steel. Cork in shreds, discs, segments, or other forms is prepared by soaking it in a solution of molasses and water, or in a concentrated solution of any deliquescent salt. It is then compressed and worked up into regular or irregular forms AND GUTTA PERCHA. 57 with india-rubber heated in the usual way. " Or a sort of net " of india-rubber may be formed into which the pieces of " cork may be inserted." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings."] A.D. 1871, May 17. No. 1333. STEWART, LAURENCE. (Provisional protection only.} " "Wheels for carriages, waggons, carts, and other articles." " Under the first system of construction the wheels are " composed of a framework of wire constituting the core of " the rim or felly, and to which the outer ends of the arms " also formed of wire are attached, their inner ends being " attached to the nave. This framework is covered with " vulcanite in the plastic state and afterwards vulcanized." Under a second, system one or more strands of wire passing longitudinally through the arms of the wheel may be used, these strands being fastened at the nave of the wheel and at the outer end of each arm, the strand proceeding from each arm is divided, and each half is bent over to a circular arc corresponding to that of the felly, and in which the wire is enclosed when the caoutchouc, either mixed or unmixed with other materials such as leather parings, is solidified or vulcanized over it. Under a third system the wire may be used in separate lengths, and passed through the spokes or arms and felly or other parts besides those at or near to the centre of such parts. " The spokes and felly of the wheel may be made hollow in " place of solid, and instead of using a wire core, a core of '* malleable cast iron may be employed, or the central parts " of the spokes and felly may be made of vulcanite and " leather parings admixed, whilst the outer part is composed " of vulcanite." It is preferred to provide the wheel " with an elastic tyre " between the wheel proper and the exterior metallic byre." [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings. ,] A.D. 1871, May 20. No. 1364. DAY, AUSTIN GOODYEAR." Protective and insulating covering " for telegraphic conducting wires and compound for forming " the same." 58 PREPARATION" OF INDIA RUBBER, The compound is formed by the combination of caoutchouc and a small quantity of other substances herein-after specified with the artificial elastic compound described in No. 1,010, A.D. 1871. " These ingredients are combined in about the " following proportions, viz., caoutchouc twenty pounds, the " aforesaid elastic compound twenty to twenty-five pounds, " and sulphur two and a half pounds." To these substances it is preferred to add three pounds of litharge or other oxide of lead or carbonate of lead. Gutta percha or a mixture of the same and caoutchouc may be used as a substitute for the caoutchouc to some extent. ' ' The compound when applied to. the wire is vulcanized by ". subjecting it to a suitable heat." The compound " may be employed as a substitute for india- " rubber or gutta percha for many purposes." [Printed, 4cZ. No. Drawings.'] A.D. 1871, May 26. No. 1413. WALKER, JOSEPH. (Provisional protection only.} "Material " to be employed as floorcloth and for other purposes." The material is made of india-rubber, one part ; of naptha, two parts ; of powdered leather, three parts. These form a dough, which is spread by means of rollers over the surface of cotton or linen cloth, "forming a felt thereon which may " be faced or covered by cotton or linen cloth if desired ; or " cotton or linen cloth may be enclosed or coated on each " surface by the dough." [Printed, 4id. No Drawings J A.B. 1871, July 26. No. 1958. GALLOWAY, GEOEGE BELL." Obtaining and applying " motion power." The " improvements consist in the application of various " principle involved and in part described in " ISTo. 55, A.D. 1865. Part of the invention relates to the mode of making " elastic tires or rims to render travelling smooth." The patentee describes this part of the invention as follows : " I " dissolve by the action of steam or heated air or a chemical AND GUTTA PEECHA. 59 " agent the parings of leather, and also spetches to be so " dissolved, I then add a quantity of india-rubber or other " combining adhesive substance to combine and temper such " travelling riins or surfaces with sulphur or other hardening " substance." [Printed, 6d. No Drawings.^ A.D. 1871, August 2. No. 2035. STEWART, LAURENCE. (Provisional protection only.)" Pens " for writing." The pens are made of vulcanite or vulcanized caoutchouc or india-rubber combined or not with gutta percha, asphalte, or other similar ingredient. The vulcanite or other material is reduced or rolled to the form of a sheet, and blanks of the requisite shape are cut, punched, or pressed out ; these are afterwards curved to the shape of an ordinary writing pen and the points split by a splitting machine. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings."] :I-fb B&d ooirfoam erFT A.D. 1871, August 5. No. 2070. PAENACOTT, EDWARD JOSEPH WILLIAM. The manufacture of flexible elastic waterproof sheets, and the machinery employed therefor. In the manufacture of the composition gutta percha is used, waste pieces of this material may be used, this is subjected to heat until brought to a soft- state ; ordinary pitch, Burgundy pitch, Stockholm tar, ballata, and consolidated oil. These substances are mixed in a pug mill or masticator, which is heated by steam. When properly amalgamated the compound is moulded to a suitable form. When large sheets are required the compound is moulded into a cylindrical form having a mandrel through its centre or axis, this is mounted between centres in a lathe. The cutting tool is of similar construction to those used, on wood planing machines, and it is carried on a table fitted on to a slide rest. On the sliding table in bearings is mounted a loose roller, which works against the face of the material during the cutting operation. 60 PEEPAEATION OF INDIA EUBBEE When small sheets are required the compound is moulded into forms suitable to the purposes for which it is required. " The bottom part of the form is moulded or dovetailed in a " cast-iron plate. When the compound is sufficiently cold, " it is taken from the mould and fixed securely by means of " the plate to the table of a planing machine, which is similar " in construction to an iron planing machine, except that the " cutter is (or cutters are) much broader and of a similar " construction to those used on wood planing machines, and " fixed on a suitable carrier on the cross slide, having a " vertical self-acting motion of the ordinary construction " used for iron planing machines. [Printed , ls.4d. Drawings .] A.D. 1871, August 10. No. 2106. LAKE, WILLIAM EGBERT. (A communication from A. G. de Wolfe.) " Machine for covering wire with india-rubber or '' compounds of the same or similar substances, and for " manufacturing tubes of such compounds or substances." The machine has a cylinder for containing the substance or compound in a liquid condition. In this cylinder is a screw of the same diameter or nearly so as the bore of the cylinder. This screw extends through one end of the cylinder, and is supported in bearings, and is rotated by gearing outside of the cylinder. At one end of the cylinder is placed the die through which the substance or compound is forced to form the wire covering or the tubing, and through which the wire and the substance pass when the machine is employed for covering wire. " The said die is arranged at a right angle to " the axis of the cylinder, so that the wire passes transversely " across the end of the screw or at a right angle to its axis." [Printed, Sd. Drawing.] A.D. 1871, August 22. No. 2207. JOCHUMSEN, NIELS. (Provisional protection only.) " Material applicable to the manufacture of valves for pumps " and other purposes." The material is "composed of india-rubber and brass, " copper, or other practically incorrodible wire cloth or " gauze." AND GUTTA PERCH A. 61 " The invention is carried into effect by placing sheets of ' ' the said wire cloth or gauze between layers of the india- " rubber whilst the latter is in a plastic state, and which when " subsequently vulcanized, rolled, or exposed to a pressure in " the usual way becomes solidified through the meshes of the " wire cloth." [Printed, Ad. No Drawings.] A.D. 1871, August 28. No. 2256. DAVIS, CHARLES, and STRUTHERS, THOMAS. (Provisional protection only.} " Composition for bootsoling, waterproofing, " insulating, and other purposes." The ingredients are cane or cocoa-nut fibre cut up fine and mixed with the bottoms of varnish and gutta percha about equal parts of each. The compound is then exposed to a moderate heat for from a quarter to half an hour while being stirred. A small quantity of stone ochre and if required pigments to color it are mixed in with the compound while being stirred. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1871, August 30. No. 2282. JOHNSON, HIRAM ANDRE. (A communication from Porter Smart.} (Provisional protection only.} " Compound solution " suitable as a vehicle to mix with pigments and coloring " matters in the preparation of paint." " First dissolve about three pounds of pure gum caoutchouc " or india-rubber (by preference pure Para rubber gum) in " about forty gallons of benzole of the gravity of seventy-one " degrees Beaume, then add thereto about eight ounces " of sulphuric ether to facilitate the dissolution of the rubber, " and stir the whole occasionally." [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1871, September 16. No. 2440. CHAPMAN, GEORGE TEMPLE. " Process for forming a hard ' ' protective or ornamental covering of india-rubber or gutta- ' ' percha upon the surface of metal, wood, clay, and other " materials." 62 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER This invention consists in the hardening of india-rubber, gntta percha, and similar gums upon the surfaces of articles and substances, capable of withstanding the necessary degree of heat, by heat alone, dispensing with the use of sulphur or other vulcanizing agent. The raw gum is first reduced to the liquid state by melting or by dissolving with a solvent, it is then applied in any convenient way to whatever object it is desired to furnish with a hard surface, the coating is after- wards hardened by heat in a closed oven, [Printed, 4d. No Drawings. .] A.D. 1871, October 24. No. 2846. HARRIS, ISAAC BLTJE. "Manufacture of piston packing " formed of canvas, cloth, or other textile material in com- " bination with india-rubber or india-rubber compounds " susceptible of vulcanization." This invention consists in " submitting cords or ropes of " india-rubber packing to vulcanization in a coiled state and " thereby securing for the packing a permanent spiral or " helical set." [Printed, 6d. Drawing.^ A.D. 1871, November 1. No. 2927. MOSELEY, CHARLES." Manufacture of bowls for calenders and other purposes." The bowls are made of vulcanized or other compound of india-rubber combined with vegetable or other fibre. This mixture is rolled into sheets, which are afterwards cut into discs and then vulcanized. The discs are placed upon a metallic centre and compressed by hydraulic pressure. " These bowls can be made of any desired hardness or " elasticity by an admixture of magnesia or other earthy " substance or metallic oxides with the india-rubber." {Printed, 4d. No Drawings."} A.D. 1872, March 15. No. 793. THOMAS, FREDERICK SAMSON. Materials for '* making roads, " ways, and floors." This invention consists in melting india-rubber, gutta percha, or alpha gutta by means of and with pitch until they form one cohesive mass which is allowed to cool and is then pulverized. This cohesive powder is mixed with a non-cohesive powder such as sawdust, coal ashes, pulverized granite, or by prefer- ence for roads " fossil ironstone " in a pulverized form. For the purpose of laying down either of the compounds thus formed it is heated and laid down while in a heated state. [Printed, 4td. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1872, April 2. No. 70. DON, THOMAS, and WEIGHT, EGBERT ALFRED. (Provisional protection only.) Substitutes for leather, gutta percha, and other materials, and manufacturing articles from such sub- stitutes. Fibrous, ligneous, or textile substances or materials, or pulp or paper made therefrom are treated with one of the following agents, " Cupro ammonium or a solution of copper in " ammonia, or sulphuric acid, or a caustic alkali." The material or pulp, after being deprived of the excess of the agent used, is moulded or shaped into the required form by pressure, forcing, rolling, or other method. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1872, April 30. No. 1286. MYEENS, HENRY. (Provisional protection only.) " Solution " for joining vulcanized india-rubber." 13211. E 66 PKEPABATION OF INDIA BUBBEB " Take (say) three parts of Stockholm pitch, three parts of " American rosin, eight parts oil of turpentine, six parts best " bottle india-rubber, and twelve parts best mineral naptha, " and dissolve them together by gentle heat, or one or more " of the solids may be dissolved separately, after which add " the requisite quantity of the oil of turpentine and mineral ' ' naptha thereto." [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1872, May 6. No. 1374. WISE, WILLIAM LLOYD. (A communication from Heinrich HuebscJier.) (Provisional protection only.) Musical instru- ments. It is proposed to use " hard rubber," or " wood paste " soaked in glycerine " instead of wood for making the covers, cases, and various parts of musical instruments. When "hard rubber " is used, " if the covers of harmoniums " are to be made the soft india-rubber is thrust into the " respective moulds and subjected to pressure, the ornaments " or parts to be inserted, which may be composed of German " silver, ivory, mother of pearl, or other material are then " pressed into the soft plastic mass ; the rubber is then hard- " ened by the well-known mode of vulcanizing, and finally " the surfaces of the covers containing the ornaments are ' ' ground and polished." [Printed, 4cL No Drawings.] A.D. 1872, May 8. No. 1406. WILBATJX, AMEDEE. "Manufacture of printing surfaces " for printing on paper hangings, stuffs, or other material." Moulds of the designs to be reproduced are obtained "in " any suitable material with plain surfaces, such designs " being engraved or otherwise formed in such flat surfaces." Upon the moulds is applied *' a sheet, sufficiently thick " according to the relief of the designs, of india-rubber, gutta " percha, or mixtures of these two substances, or of glue, " gelatine, vulcanized oils, artificial preparations or sub- " stitutes of india-rubber and gutta percha mixed or not, and " lastly, of leather or of any other know substance capable of " taking the impressions and of afterwards acquiring by AND GUTTA PEECHA. 67 " themselves or by artificial means a degree of hardness " rendering them capable of resisting the pressure and wear " involved in printing." " The sheet of india-rubber applied " upon the mould is first dipped into boiling water so as to " render it plastic and therefore diminish its coefficient of " elasticity." These sheets of impressions are attached to rollers or blocks by india-rubber solution or other means, they are then submitted to a certain degree of heat to determine their shrinkage, and are afterwards vulcanized. " Some ' ' impressions may however be vulcanized before being applied " to the blocks or rollers." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1872, May 27. No. 1609. HAEEIS, ISAAC BLUE. Moulds for the production of india- rubber disc valves and such like articles. Heretofore these moulds have consisted of two concentric rings laid on a bed plate and covered by the other plate of the steam press, or between two plates clamped together if heated otherwise than by a steam press. The object of this invention is to provide means for readily securing these rings concen- trically with each other. The bottom plate of the mould is provided with a centre stud which is notched to receive radial distancing bars, which serve to centre and retain in position the ring forming the inner wall of the mould. The ring forming the outer wall of the mould is secured in a position concentric with the inner ring by means of adjustable stops, which, when the ring is properly centred, are pushed into contact therewith and are then made fast to the bottom plate by clamping screws. [Printed, Sd. Drawing."] A.D. 1872, May 30. No. 1637. MOSELEY, CHARLES. Condensing 1 the vapours of coal tar naphtha generated in the manufacture of india-rubber. The invention is applied to a spreading machine. Upon the drying chest of the machine is fixed a cover or receiver of sufficient capacity for the passage of the cloth which is coated with india-rubber solution by the machine, and for the evaporation of the naptha which is used as a E 2 68 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER solvent for the india-rubber. Into the top or side of the receiver is inserted a tnbe or tubes of sufficient capacity to exhaust the vaporized solvent. The tube is connected to a fan or air pump, which draws away the naphtha vapour as it is generated and delivers it into a condenser, from which the air and naptha vapour flow into a vessel. The condensed naptha accumulates at the bottom of the vessel and the air escapes through a pipe. [Printed, 8d. Drawing.] A.D. 1872, June 13. No. 1786. ROLLS, JESSE GOCLDSMITH. Adapting and applying the gum or juice of the euphorbia tree to the purpose of an insulator of electricity in substitution for gutta percha and india-rubber, and also to the purposes for which vulcanites are applicable. The gum or solidified juice is adapted for insulating pur- poses by pounding, grinding, or reducing, then drying by heat at a low temperature then dissolving by a suitable solvent, and finally hardening it by mixture with paints or by adding shellac or other dryers. To adapt the gum or juice for use as a vulcanite it is dried and reduced, and afterwards heated and mixed with sulphur in the ordinary manner of forming a vulcanite. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1872, August 17. No. 2459. DODGE, GEOEGE POMEROY. (Provisional protection only.) A cement, composed of india-rubber, oil, and other ingredients, for forming the joints of pipes or vessels for containing or conducting fluids. A portion of waste or other more or less " cured " or vulca- nized india-rubber is pulverized or ground between two rolls revolving at different speeds. With the ground india-rubber is mixed from one-fourth to three-fourths of the same quantity of tar oil ; other oils will answer. The mixture is then sub- mitted to a steam heat varying from 220 Fah. to a tempera- ture corresponding with 60 Ibs. or 70 Ibs. steam pressure per square inch. When properly amalgamated the compound is taken out and mixed with suitable earths or metals. ' ' Portland " cement and fire clay are generally used, with sufficient " sulphur to ' cure ' it when applied to a hot joint." AND GUTTA PERCHA. 69 The compound of india-rubber with oil, when mixed under steam heat and pressure, may be used to mix with or adulterate during manufacture the ordinary vulcanized india- rubber and gutta perch a. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1872, August 28. No. 2554. MACINTOSH, JOHN, and BOGGETT, WILLIAM. Manufac- ture of life preserves, air beds, cushions, and coverlets, and materials employed therefor. " The object of this invention is to lessen the cost and " weight of the above-named articles, by employing air-proof " fabrics consisting of but one cloth in place of the double " cloths heretofore used." The fabric the patentees prefer to employ is made " by giving a coating of india-rubber to closely " woven thin cloth, adding upon it a second coat of a mixture " of one part india-rubber and six parts of lamp black, or " thereabout, mixed in naptha, in some cases putting in about " 8 or 10 per cent, of paraffine, or for certain purposes where " a high temperature is not objectionable, equal parts of " india-rubber and paraffine." This or other air-proof single cloth is converted into life preservers, by making it into tubes. It is also used (generally converted into tubular lengths) for making air beds, cushions, and coverlets, by interweaving the tubes in the manner described in No. 1226, A.D. 1871. Or the above-mentioned articles may be made by fastening the opposite sides by placing discs of leather or vulcanized sheet india-rubber soaked in melted paraffine at intervals between the two cloths, through which holes are punched for the inser- tion of metal eyelets, which when pressed together, hold the cloth in its place. To prevent the passage of air the cloth is saturated round the apertures with spirit varnish. The com- pound of lamp black and india-rubber is not claimed as it is described in No. 3200, A.D. 1870. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1872, August 30. No. 2582. MUDFORD, GEOEGE. (Provisional protection only.) " Manufacture of straps, driving bands, and belting for " machinery." 70 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A single strand is first formed by covering a wire with hemp, flax, wool or cotton, then two of such strands are twined into one cord, and cords so formed (in number pro- portioned to the width and thickness of the strap or band required) are arranged so as to constitute a warp, with which is interwoven a weft composed of the said fibrous material either alone or combined with wire, or of wire alone. The strap or belt so formed is afterwards coated with waterproof- ing, consisting of tar and resin, or oil and white lead, or other suitable composition, " and the strap or belt is or may be also " covered with india-rubber and afterwards subjected to the " process of vulcanizing." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings^] A.B. 1872, September 28. No. 2867. HARRIS, ISAAC BLUE." Material for use as packing for the " piston rods of steam engines, and like uses." The packing material is formed of india-rubber and sulphur mixed together with soapstone, or steatite, or French chalk in powder. The compound is made into a cord or strand around which a single or double layer of cloth is wound, the object of which is to keep the strand in form while it is subjected to partial vulcanization, and also to keep it from the piston rod when first applied, " until it shall have changed by the heat " of the steam from the soft vulcanized condition to the more " homogenous and consolidated plastic condition." "Instead " of soapstone, or steatite, or French chalk, plumbago or " black lead, or asbestos ground into a powder, or sulphate of ' ' barytes, or equivalent mineral powders may be employed in " combination with rubber and sulphur." [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] AND GUTTA PERCHA. 85 A.D. 1874, May 20. No. 1794. BAKER, JOHN MOECOMBE BROMLEY. Material for the manufacture of horse-shoes applicable also for other pur- poses. This invention consists in combining metal borings or turnings with gutta percha or other suitable plastic materials. The gutta percha is first melted and then the borings or turnings are mixed with it, the composition is then run into moulds of the desired shape and size and if necessary it is subjected to pressure whilst warm. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1874, June 17 No. 2106. CONTBEARE, HENRY, and NAPHEGYI, GABOR. (Pro- visional protection only.) Treating the juice of the zapote or chickley tree and producing materials and articles there- from. The product of the tree is termed ' ' zapotine " and it may be used as a substitute for caoutchouc, gutta percha, and their compounds, and for other materials. To render zapotine applicable as a substitute for gutta percha it is dissolved in alcohol or ether, and the alcohol is distilled off. For adapting the zapotine to the purposes of india-rubber two processes are described : According to one process the zapotine is passed through or exposed to carbonic acid in a state of gas or otherwise or it is passed through or exposed to compounds containing carbon. According to another proces 2 Ibs. of caoutchouc are com- bined with 3 Ibs. of zapotine. This compound is converted into a material analogous to vulcanized india-rubber by processes similar to those by which india-rubber is con- verted. To convert zapotine into a substance similar to vulcanite or hard rubber it is combined with white lead and sulphur. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.^ A.D. 1874, July 8. No. 2402. LAKE, WILLIAM ROBERT. (A communication from L. Otto P. Meyer.) "Compound to form surfaces for the ignition of " safety matches." The compound consists " of india-rubber or allied gum, " sulphur, and gray sulphuret of antimony, the said- com- " pound being vulcanized by heat as in the preparation of " what is known as hard rubber or vulcanite. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings."] A.D. 1874, August 6. No. 2727. FIERI, JACQUES PHILIPPE. Manufacture of cartridges with cases formed of metal foil and caoutchouc or gutta percha. The case is composed of a piece of foil rolled up into the form of a tube and with an envelope of caoutchouc or gutta percha or their compounds. It is preferred to use Para caoutchouc mixed with chalk or whiting and gravel. The mass is passed between parallel rollers to reduce it to a very thin sheet, which is spread upon a slab and coated with sandarach gum, talc, or other powdered material ; the sheet is then cut into pieces of the required size. Each piece is rolled up with a piece of foil upon a mandril and then introduced into a mould and subjected to vulcanization ; or the mould may be dispensed with by binding the cartridge with paper or cloth, which is removed after the vulcanization. The cartridge when withdrawn from the mould is dipped in cold water and then in oil. [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1874, August 10. No. 2762. INGRAM, JAMES GEORGE. Manufacture of india-rubber washers or packing pieces. 88 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER Around a mandril of any desired size are wrapped layers of india-rubber and canvas in any desired alternation until the required thickness is produced, thus producing a tube in the cross section of which the layers of india-rubber and canvas alternate. This tube is then cut up crosswise into slices so as to produce washers or packing pieces of any desired thickness. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1874, August 26. No. 2913. THOMSON, GAVIN, and WATSON, GEORGE. Manufacture of compound india-rnbber sheets or surfaces applicable to various purposes. One, side of the sheet is composed of "india-rubber, " sulphur, lime, or other materials, which admit of being " converted by heat into ebonite, or hard rubber, or vul- " canized only," the other side of the sheet being simply of india-rubber, or com pounds of india-rubber or other materials which will not become hard when subjected to heat. The materials are prepared in separate sheets, one with and the other without sulphur, and then united by rollers or otherwise, and subjected to heat together. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings.] A.D. 1874, September 5. No. 3048. TALLING, RICHARD, and SECCOMBE, JAMES. " Manufac- " ture of material suitable for packing for steam engines, " junction rings or washers, paint varnish, lacquer, cover - " ings for floors, also for roofing and other purposes." The invention consists in the employment of mica or of minerals of the mica species either separately or in combina- tion with some binding or retaining material, such as vul- canite, caoutchouc, or other gum resin, and in some cases also with hemp, jute, or cotton, or like fibrous substances or with asphalte or other analogous substance for the purposes above mentioned. A packing is made by combining from ten to eighty per cent, of ground mica with caoutchouc. For stuffing boxes one pound of india-rubber is incorporated with four pounds of ground mica, to which one ounce of AND GUTTA PERCHA. 89 sulphur is added, the compound is cured in the usual manner. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings."] A.D. 1874, October 7.- No. 3433. HARRIS, ISAAC BLUE. Manufacture of india-rubber mats. The mats are made with a series of closely set conical or other shaped projections rising from a sheet of rubber forming the ground work of the mat, and made in a piece with it. The mat is made in a mould consisting of a plate through which a series of conical holes are made. These holes form cells for the plastic india-rubber compound, and they are made completely through the metal to ensure the expulsion of the air. The mould plate is set in a cast iron chase and is placed upon a press plate a layer of cloth being interposed between the press plate and the mould. A sheet of plastic, india-rubber is then inserted in the mould and over this a piece of cloth to receive the pressure of the follower plate of the press which forces the plastic material into the conical cells of the mould. The mould is afterwards clamped between plates and submitted to steam heat to vulcanize the mat. [Printed, 6d. Drawing.] A.D. 1874, October 7. No. 3437. INGRAM, JAMES GEORGE. "Manufacture of bands or straps, " and of washers, sheets, rings, discs, tubes, and packing, " and insertion pieces." This invention, consists in the employment in the manufac- ture of various articles of india-rubber of a layer or layers of perforated sheet metal or wire gauze in combination with lavers of india-rubber, and with or without layers of canvas or cloth. In the case of bands or straps where great strength is required, whether made of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other material, continuous longitudinal rods, bars, or flat strips of hoop iron or other metal are embedded in the interior of the bands or straps. [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.'] 90 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1874, October 24. No. 3672. GREENACRE, THOMAS. " Apparatus for manufacturing " screws of vulcanite or other analogous material for liquid meters." It is proposed to dispense with moulds in the manufacture of these screws, and in lieu thereof to cut them out of solid material. For this purpose a metal screw, of the pitch required for the vulcanite screw, is mounted in two fixed standards. This metal screw is capable of revolving freely in bearings except as controlled in its rotation by the means hereinafter described. "At one end of the metal screw is " formed or fixed a socket to receive one end of the piece of " solid vulcanite or a spindle carrying the same, the other ' ' end of which may be passed into another socket formed to " revolve freely in an adjustable standard or ' poppet head,' " or it may be carried by a centre bearing. Over the metal " screw is passed a nut, to which is fixed by rigid connections " properly guided a cylindrical cutter head, which may be " provided with three sets of cutters mounted therein, in " which case each set would be of a corresponding number to " the threads required in tho screw, and would be fixed a " short distance in front of the other and so that the second " and third sets should each cut a little deeper than the " cutters immediately in advance of them, the last set of " cutters being arranged to finish the desired screw, or in " some cases more sets of cutters or only one cutter may be " employed, or they niay be caused to traverse more than " once over the vulcanite. *' The nut is by suitable means moved slowly forward so as ' ' to cause the cutters to traverse the length of the piece of " solid vulcanite to be cut into screws." In some cases lengths of solid vulcanite suitable for making two screws at the same operation are employed. [Printed, Wd. Drawing.] A.D. 1874, November 12. No. 3902. QUIN, JAMES. "Protecting india-rubber valves, tubes, and " other like articles from chemical action." AND GUTTA PEECHA. 91 The patentee describes his invention in the following terms : " For valves and such-like articles as may be required to be " made insoluble I provide as required by the shape and size " an inside shape or groundwork so much less than the object " I desire to make. This I make of ' red ' or A ' floating " rubber,' which possess the quality of both lightness and '* durability. These I coat or case with a mixture of mineral " and vegetable matter for enveloping the valves with or " without ground metallic dust or foil in such proportions as " the nature and future use of the article may require." " For pipes, tubes, and such-like articles I provide similar " groundwork of red or floating A, cased with and by a similar " material and in a similar manner, after which they are " vulcanized in the usual way." [Printed, 6d. Drawing^} A.D. 1874, November 28. No. 4079. YOUNGHUSBAND, GEORGE, YOUNGHUSBAND, GEORGE THOMAS, EOCKLIFFE, WILLIAM, and EOCKLIFFE, JAMES WILLIAM. (Provisional protection only.} " Composition suit- " able for preserving the bottoms of ships, boats, and other " similar vessels." One pound of gutta percha, half an ounce of copper bronze and half an ounce of arsenic are mixed and melted together ; the mixture is allowed to cool and it is then cut into sheets. The bottom of the vessel is cleaned and heated and a coat of liquid gutta percha is applied, and allowed to cool. The surface of this first coating is warmed and the sheets of composition are laid on it whilst still warm. [Printed, 4cL No Drawings.'] A.D. 1874, December 16. No. 4343. LAKE, WILLIAM EGBERT. (A communication from William Bell.) Compounds to be used as substitutes for india-rubber, gutta percha, and other materials. The compounds consist of glue 10 quarts ; glycerine from 2^ to 4 quarts ; cork, when used from 5 to 7 quarts, but this may be omitted ; and about an ounce of chromic acid or an equivalent quantity of bichromate of potassa, the chromic acid 92 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER being first dissolved in water and then mixed with about 1 quart of glycerine before being added to the other ingre- dients. It is preferred to add to the compound to be used either tannic acid or Aleppo gall water, one quart of the former, or two quarts of the latter. In case Aleppo gall water is added then one quart of good oil (linseed preferred) is to be first mixed therewith. After the article has been formed or coated and is sufficiently dry, it is preferred to apply to the surface of -the compound used the following solution, about one ounce o chromic acid (or its equivalent) is first dissolved in a small quantity of water and then added to about a quart of glycerine. This process is termed vulcanizing. [Printed, 4d. No Drawings .] AND GUTTA PEKCHA. 95 A.D. 1875, June 5. No. 2074. NEWTON, ALFRED VINCENT. (A communication from Leonard F. Requa.) " Compound for coating textile fabrics and " rendering them acid and waterproof." "Crude gum or rubber" is washed in water, and then dried and reduced by the masticating process and by rolling to a comparatively thin or sheet condition. Six pounds of the prepared india-rubber are submerged in two gallons of benzine or other suitable solvent, which will in about ten hours reduce. the same to a plastic state. To this are added " fifteen pounds of ground whiting or chalk, five pounds of " oxide of zinc, two pounds of asphaltum, seven ounces " of pulverized sulphur, and two pounds of lampblack. " These ingredients are then subjected to agitation in a " closed vessel till thoroughly mixed and brought to a proper " consistency to be spread upon the fabric." "The coated " material is submitted to a steam heat in a closed chamber " under a pressure of about thirty pounds to the inch to " vulcanize or cure the same." [Printed, 4>d. No Drawings.'] A.D. 1875, June 5. No. 2075. NEWTON, ALFRED VINCENT. (A communication from Leonard F. Requa.} Manufacture of waterproof bags, cases, and envelopes from textile fabrics and paper coated with india- rubber compounds, the object being to secure the lapped edges of the articles by the coated surface ; also deodorizing the same. The material having been prepared, cut, and folded to the required size the uncoated surface of the lapped portions joins the coated surface, and to secure the connection of the parts of the lapped portions are rolled with a cold roller. Bags thus prepared are then put into a suitable box one upon the other and vulcanized by steam. In order to deodorize the bags, leaf mint is placed among and between the bags in the curing chamber, so that the heat from the moist steam seizes upon the mint leaves, and im- pregnating them produces an evaporation from the leaves which permeates the bags. This effect is enhanced by the employment in connection with the mint leaves of copperas. {Printed, d. Drawing. ,] 96 PREPARATION OF INDIA RUBBER A.D. 1875, July 9. No. 2482. BOUSFIELD, G-EOKGE TOMLINSON. (A communication from Francis Scholes, and Peter Cowper.) (Provisional protection only.} " Machine for the manufacture of rubber belting." " At one end of a long table is mounted a frame holding " two or more horizontal bars," upon each of which is placed a pair of adjustable discs. A smaller frame, similarly arranged, but with one bar less in it, is placed immediately in front of the frame just mentioned and in rear of a pair of rolls, the lower of which is carried in proper bearings and driven by suitable means. The upper roll is placed between grooved uprights. Beyond these rolls are placed long adjust- able guides, which serve to fold the cover piece over those in the centre. Next to these come one or more pairs of rolls, having small guides provided to each ; another pair of rolls, also provided with guides, is placed near the end of the table. "The several pieces which are to make up the belt pass " over the horizontal bars in the end frame and between the " discs, which are arranged so as to bring them exactly one " over the other and centrally with the cover piece, which " passes over the bottom bar and straight to the first pair of " rolls, the filling pieces being taken through the second * ' frame so as to keep them separate from each other till they " reach the rolls, which press them with the centre part of " the cover piece firmly together. The belt thus half formed " passes on to the folders, which by their peculiarly curved " inner surfaces turn over and inwards the extra width of the " cover piece, till on issuing from the folders the belt is " formed, and is thoroughly pressed together between the " pair or pairs of rolls beyond the folders. " Between the centre and last pairs of rolls is arranged a " reel carrying the rubber strip which is to be placed upon " the joined edges of the cover piece; this is conducted from " the reel to an adjustable guide through which it passes to " the last pair of rolls, means being provided for damping " the strip with benzine." The belt passes in a receptacle filled with French chalk, and is afterwards vulcanized. [Printed, 4d. No 'Drawings.'] A.D. 1876, May 24. No. 2186. WOODWARD, HENRY. (A communication from William Henry Lippincott.} "Manufacture of balls for billiards or " other similar purposes." A variety of moulds with suitable vulcanizing apparatus are employed. A central core is first vulcanized, which core is then turned spherical, and afterwards enclosed in another mould of larger size containing rubber sufficient to surround the core and fill the mould, which with its contents is sub- jected to the same vulcanizing process as the first. This layer is then turned true as before, and in this manner any number of layers may be added until the ball attains the required size. Any desired color may be obtained by mixing suitable coloring matters with the last layer of india-rubber. For red and white the following ingredients are found to answer the purpose : Red - Para india-rubber - 8 parts by weight. Vermilion - 6 parts by weight. White - Para india-rubber - 8 parts by weight. Zinc white - 5 parts by weight. Calcined magnesia - 1 part by weight. [Printed, 4res),S8. Dick, 40. Thomson and Connolly, 97. Other materials ; Toussaint, 1. Guenin (Rigollot), 2. Dufilhol, 10. Guenin (Rigollot), 47. Myerus, 68. Dodge, 68. Heinzerling and Liepmann, Thomson and Connolly, 97. Cleansing. &c. See Preparing, Coating or covering, com- pounds and materials for. See also Solvents. Fabrics and paper ; Quin, 4. Jeyes, 7. Lake (Torrey), 8. Dodge, 11. ' Macintosh and Boggett, 12. Rogers, 16. Wadsworth, 18. Rostaing, 30. Macintosh, 81. Wolfgang, 35. Johnson (Murfey),50. Macintosh, 50. Sutherland, 53. Walker, 54. Walker, 58. Macintosh and Boggett, 69. Macintosh, 78. Greening, 94. Newton (Requa), 95. Heinzerling and Liepmann, 97. Forster, 106. Leather; Liddell, 29. Macintosh, 31. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Johnson (Murfey), 50. Frankenburg, 84, Metals ; Gray, 3. Rogers, 16. Turnbull, 27. Mac Millan (Mac Millari), 28. Rostaing, 80. Macintosh, 31. Wilkinson and Boss, 35. Johnson (Newbrough and Fagan), 37. Gedge (Crouzieres), 38. Dick, 40. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. 109 Coating or covering cont. Metals cont. Lake (Chapman), 49. Warren, 52. Day, 57. Chapman, 61. Quin, 81. Fieri, 87. Quin, 90. Younghusband, Younghus- band, Rockliffe and Rock- liffe, 91. Greening, 94. Other materials ; Moseley, 2. Rogers, IB. Macintosh, 31. Wolfgang, 35. Chapman, 61. Heinzerlingand Liepmann, 97. Younghusband, Younghus- band, Rockliffe and Rock- liffe,91. Colouring. See page 116. Compounds of gutta pereha with various ingredients : " Acid resin " ; Johnson (Newbrough), 46. Alkalies ; Lake (Day}, 8. Gale and Boyden, 63. Allamine ; Lake (Chapman), 49. Ammonia ; Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Anthracene ; Perkins and Tandy, 11. Arsenic ; Younghusband, Younghus- band, Rocklitfe and Rock- liffe, 91. Ballata ; Parnacott, 59. Spill, 48. Bitumen ; Gray, 3. Black lead. See Plumbago. Bromine ; Johnson (Newbrough and Fagan), 87. Brunswick black ; Wilkinson and Boss, 35. Compounds of gutta pereha, &c. cont. Calcium, chloride of; Aspinall, 27. Camphor ; Spill, 48, Cane; Davis and Struthers, 61. Carbon, bi-sulphide of ; Fanshawe and Smith, 41. Catechu ; Rostaing, 30. Chalk. See Lime, carbonate of. Chloroform ; Johnson (Newbrough and Fagan), 37. Clay; Johnson (Newbrough and Fagan), 37. Parnacott, 70. Newton (Macbay), 100. Coal ashes and dust ; Thomas, 65. Parnacott, 70. Coorongite; Forster and Cow, 84. Copper bronze ; Younghusband, Younghus- band, Rocklitfe and Rock- liffe, 91. Cork; Johnson (Hauer and Howell), 15. Stewart, 105. Farina. See aJso Starch. Newton (Macbay), 100. Feldspar ; Lake (Chapman), 49. Fibres ; Wadsworth, 18. Davis and Struthers, 61. Newton (Macbay), 100. Fire clay ; . Dodge, 68. Fuller's earth; Sintzenich (Reed), 9. Glue; Gale and Boyden, 63. Newton (Macbay), 100. Gluten ; Newton (Macbay), 100. no INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Compounds of gutta percha, &c. cont. Compounds of gutta percha, &c. cont. Granite ; Metallic oxides ; Thomas, 65. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Gum lac. See Shellac. Mineral powders ; Gums ; Forster and Cow, 34. Spill, 48. Naphthaline ; Newton (Macbay), 100. Perkins and Tandy, 11. India-rubber ; Nitric acid ; Mayall, 21. Gale and Boyden, 63. Rostamg, 30. Oils, coal ; Dick, 40. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. IvO^crSi 16 Thomas, 65. Oils consolidated ; Iodine ; Parnacott, 59. Johnson (Newbrough and Oils, fatty ; Fagan), 87. Spill, 48. Ironstone, fossil ; Oils, mineral ; Thomas, 65, Lake (Z>a#),8. Ivfiolin Oils, tar and other; Johnson (Newbrough and Dodge, 68, Fagan), 87. Oils, vegetable ; Lead, carbonate of ; Lake (Day), 8. MayaH, 22. Gedge ( Crouzieres) , 38. " Rogers, 16. Spill, 48. Day, 57. Ozokerit ; Lead, oxides of ; Fixsen, 101. Gedge (Crouzieres), 38. Paraffin ; Day, 57. Newton (Hacbay), 100. Leather; Peat ; Sintzenich (Reed), 9. Gale and Boyden, 63. Parnacott, 70. T -ivviA . Petroleum ; Lame ; Lake (Cliapinan), 49. Rogers, 16. Newton (Macbay), 100. Pipeclay ; Lime, carbonate of ; Mayall, 21. Mayall, 22. Pitch; Lake (Chapman), 49. Aspinall, 27. Newton (Macbay), 100. Gedge (Crouzieres),,. Parnacott, 59. Lime, sulphate of ; Lake (Chapman), 49. Newton (Macbay), 100. Thomas, 65. Newton (Macbay), 100. Pitch (coal tar) ; Litharge. See Lead, oxide of. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Magnesia ; Lake (Chapman), 4Q. Magnesium, silicate of; Plaster of Paris. See Lime, sulphate of. Plumbago ; Mayall, 22. Mayall. 21. Aspinall, 27. Portland cement ; Lake (Chapman), 49. Dodge, 68. Metal borings and filings ; Baker, 85. Stewart, 105. Newton (Macbay), 100. Printers' ink ; Wilkinson and Boss, 35. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Ill Compounds of gutta percha. &c. cont. Compounds of gutta percha, &c. cant. Pumice stone ; Stone ochre ; Lake (Chapman), 49. Davis and Struthers, 61. Red lead. See Lead, oxides of. Resin; Sulphur ; Lake (Day), 8. Mayall, ill. Turnbull, 27. Aspinall, 2~. Mac Millan (Mac Millan), Lake (Say), 8. Mayall, 21. Mayall, 22. Forster and Cow, 34. Johnson (Newbrough and Pagan), 37. 28. Wilkinson and Boss, 35. Geflge (Crouzitres), 38. Spill, 48. Newton (Macbay 0,100. Gedge (Crouzieres), 38. Lake (Chapman), 49. Day, 57. Dodge, 68. Road mud ; Pernacott, 70. Sulphur, ter-chloride of ; Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Sand; Sulphuric acid ; Newton (Macbay), 100. Gale and Boyden, 63. Sawdust ; Tallow ; Dick, 40. Newton (Macbay). 100. Thomas, 65. Tannin ; Parnacott, 70. Rostaing, 30. Shellac and gum lac ; Tar; Jeyes, 7. Dufilhol, 10. Mayall, 21. Gray, 3. Newton (Macbay), 100. Dick, 40. Tar, coal ; Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Jeves 7 Lake (Chapman), 49. Newton (Macbay), 100. Wilkinson and Boss, 35. Gedge (Crouzieres), 38. Silica; Gale and Boyden, 63. Aspinall, 27. Tar, Stockholm ; Lake (Chapman), 49. Pernacott, 59. Size; Tungsten oxide ; Gale and Boyden, 63. Johnson (Newbrough and Newton (Macbay), 100. Pagan), 37. Slate ; Turpentine ; Lake (Chapman), 49 Johnson (Newbrough and Smudge ; Parnacott, 70. Fag an), 37. Gedge (Crouzieres), 38. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Soapstone. See Magnesium, Varnish ; silicate of. Turnbull, 27. Soda, borateof ; Fanshawe and Smith, 44, Sodium, chloride of; Varnish bottoms ; Davis and Strutbers, 61. Parnacott, 70. Wax; Wilkinson and Boss, 35. Spirit, coal tar ; Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Newton (Macbay), 100. Starch ; White lead. See Lead, carbonate Newton (Macbay). 100. of. Stearine ; Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Whiting. See Lime, carbonate of. 112 INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Compounds of gutta-percha, &c. cord, i Wolfram* Johnson (Nevcbrough and Faff an), 37. Zinc; Mayall.21. Compounds of india-rubber with various ingredients : " Acid resin ; " Johnson (Newbrongh), 46. Alkalies ; Lake (Daw), 8. Gale and Boyden, 68. Allamine; Lake (Chapman), 49. Ammonia ; Thamsen (Sorensen).42. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Anthracene ; Perkins and Tandy, 11. Antimony, sulphide of; Loughton and Jackson, 24. Lake (Meyer), 87. Thomson and Conolly, 97. Asbestos; Pigott, 9. Sutherland, 58. Harris, 70. Fiah, 82. Asphalte ; Quin,4. Day, 24. Day, 54. Stewart, 49. Tailing and Seccomhe, 88. Newton (Requa),9b. Balsams; Spill, 48. Barytes, sulphate of; Harris, 70. Black lead. See Plumbago. Bromine ; Johnson (Newbrough and Pagan), 37. Warren, 52, CalomeL .Sec Mercury. Camphor; Spill, 48. Day, 54. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Carbon, bisulphide of ; Fanshawe and Smith, 4*. Frankenburg, 84. Carbon, sulphide of; Thamsen (Sorensen), 42. Catechu ; Rostaing, 30, Chalk. See Lime, carbonate of. Charcoal ; Forster and Heartfield, 26. Macintosh, 78, Chlorine ; Warren, 52. Chloroform ; Johnson (Newbrough and Fagan) 87. Clay; Mayall, 20. Johnson (Newbrough and Fagan), 37. Parnacott, 70. Newton (Macbay), 100. Coal ashes and dust ; Thomas, 65. Parnacott, 70. Collodion ; Macintosh, 31. Coorongite ; Forster and Cow, 34. Copper, sulphate of ; Smith and Challenger, 36. Cork; Pigott, 9. Johnson (Hauer and Howell), 15. Wilkinson and Boss, 85. Walker, 39. Paget (Lemoine), 56. Tongue (Montauge and randely),93, Farina. See also Starch ; Newton (Macbay), 100. Feldspar ; Lake (Chapman) , 49. Fibres ; Moseley, 62. Tailing and Seccombe, 88. Mac Lellan, 98. Fire clay ; Dodge, 68. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. 113 Compounds of india-rubber, &c. conl. French Chalk. See Magnesium, silicate of. Fullers' earth ; Sintzeuich (Reed), 9. Glue; Gale and Boyden, 63. Newton (Macbay), 100. Gluten ; Newton (Macbay), 100. Granite ; Thomas, 65. Gravel ; Fieri, 87. Gum; Liddell, 29. Spill, 48. Newton (Macbay), 100. Gum copal ; Jenks, 09, Gum lac.' See Shellac. Guttapercha; Stewart, 59. Thomas, 65. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Rostaing, 30. Dick, 40. Mayall, 21. Mayall, 22. Day, 24. Hard and soft rubber; Jaques and Banks, 64. Heavy spar (Schiverapath) ; Magnus, 100. Hemp; Tongue (Montauge and Brandely), 93. Hydrochloric acid ; Day, 24. Iodine ; Johnson (Newbrough and Pagan), 37. "Warren, 52. Ironstone fossil; Thomas, 65. Kaolin ; Johnson (Newbrough and Fay an), 37. Lamp black ; Mayall, 20. Maeintosh, 50. 13211. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cent. Lamp black cont. Macintosh and Boggett, 69. Macintosh, 7*5. Newton (Requa), 95. Lead, acetate of ; Liddell, 29. Lead, carbonate of ; Mayall, 21. Mayall, 22. Day, 57, Lead, oxides of ; Mayall, 20. Mayall, 21. Day, 24. Day, 57. Thomson and Connolly, 97. Leather ; Sintzenich (Reed), 9. Wilkinson and 6)83, 35. Smith and Challenger, 36. Thamxen (Sorensen), 42. Walker, 54. Stewart, 57. Walker. 5S. Galloway, 58. Gale and Boyden, 63. Jenks, 99. Lime; Lake (Chapman), 49. Thomson and Watson, 88. Newton (Macbay), 100. Lime, carbonate of; Mayall, 20. Mayall, 22. Lake (Chapman), 49. Fieri, 87. Newton (Requa), 95. Newton (Macbay), 100. Lime, sulphate of ; Lake (Chapman), 49. / Jenks, 99, Newton (Macbay), 100. Litharge. See Lead, oxides of. Magnesia ; Quin, 4. Mayall, 20. Day, 24. Lake (Chapman), 49. Moseley, 62. Woodward ( Lipjnncott) ,102. Magnesium, silicate of; Mayall, 21. Lake (Chapman) ,49. Warren, 52. Sutherland, 53. 114 OP SOTJBCT MA 1 :-: ] OflL. - r v . - rv HTOEX OF JUl II* 116 INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont, Tannin ; Rostaing, 30. Tar; Newton (Macbay), 100. Tar, coal ; Day, 24. Day, 54. Gale and Boyden, 63. Tin, chloride of; Day, 24, Tungsten oxide ; Johnson (Newbr&ugh and Fagan)> 87. Turpentine ; Johnson (Newbrough and Fagan), 87. Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Varnish ; Mayall, 21. Vermillion ; Rhodes and Miller, 77. Woodward (Lippincutt}, 102. Water; Forster and Heartfield,26. Smith and Challenger, 36. Wax; Fanshawe and Smith, 44. Jenks, 99. Newton (Macbau), 100. Wax, paraffin ; Oolenian, 60. White lead. See Lead, car- bonate of. Whiting. See Lime, carbonate of. Wire gauze ; Anderson, 56. Joehumsen, 60. Ingra,m, 89. Wolfram ;. Johnson (Newbrougn and' Fagan), M. Zapotine ; Conybeare and Naphegyi^ 85. Zinc; Mayall, 21. Zinc, oxide of ; Quin, 4. Hooper, 14u Compounds of india-rubber, &c. cont. Zinc oxide of cont. Newton (Requa). 95. Thomson and Connolly, 97. Woodward (Lippincott) t 102. Zinc, sulphate of ; Day, 24.1 Colouring india-rubber, gutta percha, &c. See also Com- pounds of gutta percha, and compounds of india-rubber. Ford, 49. Rhodes and Miller, 77. Henderson, 98. Woodward (Lippincott) 102. Cutting sheets into- strips, threads, &c. See Thread, string, &c. Deodorizing : Newton (Requa), 95. Catlow and Hoyle, 97. Digesting. See Preparing, &c. Dissolving. &c. See Preparing, Fibres, mixing, with india- rubber, gutta percha, &c. : Poisnel, 14. Forster, 15. Wadsworth, 18. Forster and Heartfleld, 26. Forster and Cow, 32. Davis and Struthers, 61. Moseley, 62. Tailing and Seccombe, 88. Tongue (Montauge and Brandely), 93. Mac Lellan, 98. Newton (Macbay), 100. Filtering. See Preparing, &c. Grinding. See Preparing, &c. Hardening india - rubber, gutta percha, &c. : Aspinall, 27. Chapman, 61. Newton (Menier}, 107. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTEE. 117 Masticating. &c. See Preparing, Moulding : Halssy, 13. Poisnell, 14. Taylor, 20. Mayall, 22. Tliornpson, 23. Forster and Heartfleld, 26. Phillips, 30. Marsh, 80. Clark (Lavater), 33. Phillips, 34. Stewart, 46. Johnson (Murf&y), 48. Stewart, 51. Stewart, 57. Jaques and Sterne, 64. Wise (Huebscher), 66. Wilbaux, 66. Harris, 67. Clark (Lavater), 71. Venman and Warne, 72. Hacking and Hacking, 74. Rhodes and Miller, 77. Truman, 81. Haseltine (Read), 83. Roberts, 85. Harris, 89. Magnus, 100. Woodward ( Lippineott) , 102. Lake (Grasser),lQ3. Powdering and re-vulcaniz- ing india-rubber : Moulton, 16. Preparing gutta percha (treat- ing the raw material) : Cleansing ; Sintzenich (Reed), 9. Truman, 39. Cattell, 73. Truman, 81. Deiss and Scaife, 105. Masticating ; Truman, 45. Straining and Filtering ; Deiss and Scaife, 105. Preparing india-rubber (treat- ing the raw material) : Cleansing ; Sintzenich (Reed), 9. Truman, 39. Deiss and Scaife, 105. Digesting; Woodcock, 75. Dissolving and reducing ; Macartney, 45. Preparing india-rubber, &c. cont. Grinding and doughing ; Heald, 106. Heating before masticating or dissolving ; Hooper, 14. Straining and filtering ; Deiss and Scaife, 105. Preserving india - rubber, gutta percha, &c., from decay : Torrey, 77. Turner (Riyhter), 78. Sheet india-rubber or gutta percha : Coating with flock ; Macintosh and Boggett, 6. Coating with pumice stone ; Macintosh and Boggett, 6. Expanding and treating ; Macintosh and Boggett, 55. Making ; Mayall, 20. Mayal!, 21. Forster and Cow, 82. Wilkinson and Boss, 85. Smith and Challenger, 36. Walker, 39. Walker, 54. Parnacott, 59. Gale and Boyden, 63. Thomson and Watson, 88. Ingram, 89. Young, 94, Dunbar and Lothrop, 99. Partially cutting to produce ribbed appearance ; Broadhurst, Swindells, and Kershaw, 41. Preparing by puncturing ; Hunt (Haskins),25. Broadhurst, Swindells, and Kershaw, 41. Johnson, (Hurfey), 49. Ribbed appearance ; Macintosh and Boggett, 6. Solvents, &c. Alcohol used in conjunction with ; Jeyes, 7. Sintzenich (Reed), 9. Warren, 52. Benzine or benzole ; Sintzenich (Reed), 9. Forster and Heartfield, 28. Johnson (Smart), 61. 118 INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER. Solvents, &c. cont. Camphine ; Mayall, 20. Mayall, 21 Mac Cartney, 45. Camphor ; Mac Cartney, 45. Carbon, bi-sulphate of; Wadsworth, 18. Deiss and Scaife, 105. Stewart, 105. Carbon, bi-sulphuret of ; Sintzenich (Reed), 9. Carbon, sulphuret of ; Guenin (Rigollot), 2. Tongue (Montau&e and Brandely), 93. Hydrocarbons generally ; Newton (Macbay), 100. Deiss and Scaife, 105- Naphtha ; Guenin (Rigollot), 2. Quin, 4. Wadsworth, 18. Mayall, 20. Wilkinson and Boss, 35. Smith and Challenger* 36. Warren, 52. Walker, 58. Myerns, 65. Macintosh and Boggett, 69. Prankenburg, 84. Oils (coal tar) ; Quin, 4. Oils (essential) ; Deiss and Scaife, 105. Petroleum spirit ; Guenin (Rigollot), 2. Tandy, 5. Jeyes, 7. Sulphuric ether ; Johnson (Smart), 61. Turpentine; Thamsen (Sorensen) , 42. Myerns, 65. Newton (Macbay), 100. Solvents, recovering : Wadsworth, 18. Moseley, 67. Moseley, 74. Barrow, 98. Moseley, 101. Deiss and Scaife, 105. Sponge or porous india-rubber or gutta percha : Forster and Heartfield, 26. Forster and Heartfield, 28. Sterne, Jaques, and Fan- shawe, 31. Straining and filtering. See Preparing, &c. Substitutes for gutta percha : Don and Wright, 65. Rolls, 68. Conybeare and Naphegyi, 85. Lake (Sell), 86. Lake (Bell), 91. Newton (Macbay), 100. Substitutes for india-rubber : Lake (Day), 8. Day, 24. Day, 54. Gale and Boyden, 63. Rolls, 68. Conybt-are and Naphegyi, 85. . Lake (BeH),%&. Lake (Bell), 91. Greening. 9k Newton (Macbay}, 100. Thread and string of gutta* percha, india-rubber,. &c. :. Cross! ey, 2. Hamer, 4. Coles, Jaques, and Fan-- shawe, 16. Turner, 36. Turner, 37. Harris, 76. Gilbee (Boethius), 82. Tubing, hose, &c., apparatus; for, and mode of making : Quin, 4. Luyckx, 5. Hamer, 7. Lake (Torrey),8. Poisnel, 13. ' Mayall, 21. Bates, Bates, and Faulkner, 23. Forster and Cow, 82. Moulton, 42. Spill, 48. Quin and Eastham, 51. Sutherland, 53. Harris, 55. Lake (De JFof/e),60, Quin, 72. Harrop, 75. Harris, 76. INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTEE. 119 Tubing, hose, 7 2 ,, 28 2 28 2 28 ALPHABETICAL INDEXES : For 1852 (Oct. 1 Dec. 31; and 1858. (181 pages.) Price 2s. 6rf. by post, 3s. 2d. s. d, s. d. 1854 (119 pages), price 2 6 ; by post 3 1 1855 H29 ) 2 6 31 1856 (143 ) 2 6 31 [1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861 ,.1862 out of 'print. .] 1863 (218 ) 2 6 ; by post 3 2 1864 (220 ) 2 6 ' 32 1860 (209 ) 1861 (215 ,, ) . 1862 (237 , ) 1863 (220 ) 1864 (222 ) 1865 (2-10 >. ) 1866 (239 M ) 1867 (254 ) 1868 (274 ) ALPHABETICAL INDEXES com. s. 4. s, 2 5 1882 f 99 ) 2 )t 2 2i [For temporary use.] 1883 ( 97 ) ,,2 >j 2 j>2 [For temporary use.] *1 884 ( Jan. 1 to Sep. 30) 3 ii 7 See notice on page 18. I 2 III. ABRIDGMENTS (in Classes and Chronologically arranged) of SPECIFICATIONS of PATENTED INVENTIONS, from the earliest enrolled to those published under the Act of 1852. These books are of 12mo. size, and each is limited to inventions of one class only. They are so arranged as to form at once a Chrono- logical, Alphabetical, and Subject-matter Index to the class to which they relate. 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Brushes for artists. See Artists' in- struments, 54 ; Brushing, 57. Brushing, Ac., 57. Buckles. See Wearing apparel, 68. . Buffers. See Carriages, Ac., for rail- ways, 46. Bugles. See Music, Ac., 6. Bullet-making machines. See Fir* arms, 10. Bungs. See Preparing and cutting cork, 56. Buoys. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Bustles. See Wearing apparel, 66. Butter and artificial butter. See Milking, Ac., 72. Buttons. See Wearing apparel, 68. c. Cable stoppers. See Raising, Ac., 31. Cables, telegraphic. See Electricity, 15; 93. Cabs. See Common road carriages, 98, Caddies. See Trunks, Ac., 84. Cadmium. See Aids, Ac., 40. Cages, miners' safety. See Mining, 71. Caissons. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Cake breakers. See Agriculture, 82. Calcining furnaces. See Metals, Ac. 18; Fuel, Ac., 30. Calcium. See Acids, Ac., 40. Calculating machines. See Optical, Ac., 76. Calendering. See Dressing and finish- ing, Ac., 91. Calico, bleaching, dyeing, and print- ing, 14. Cameras. See Photography, 19; Op- tical, Ac., 76. Canal navigation. See Marine pro- pulsion, 5. Canals. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Candles. See Oils, Ac., 27. Candlesticks. See Lamps, Ac., 44. Canes, walking sticks, Ac. See Um- brellas, Ac,, 47. Cannon. See Fire-arms, 10. Canvas. See Weaving, 20. Capes. See Wearing apparel, 66. Caps and cap fronts. See Wearing apparel, 65. Caps and capsules for bottles. See Preparing and cutting cork. 56. Capstans. See Raising, &c., 31. Carbon. See Acids, Ac., 40. Carbonic acid. See Acids, 40. Cardboard. See Paper, 11. Card cases. See Books, &c., 43. Carding engines. See Spinning, 28. Cards. See Cutting, &c. pamper, 12; Letterpress printing, &c., 13. Cards, playing. See Toys, Ac., 51. Cargoes, ventilating. See Fife engines, &c., 88. Carpet bags. See Trunks, &c., 84. Carpets. See Weaving, 20. Carriage lamps. See Lamps, 44. Carriages and other vehicles for cfom- rnon roads, 98. Carriages, Ac., for railways, 46. Carriages for guns. See Fire-arms. 10. Carriages for invalids. See Medicine, Ac., 25. Cartridges. See Eire-arms, 1 0. Cartridges, miner's. See Mining, 71. Carts. See Common road carriages, 93. Cask stands. See Casks, 74. Caskets. See Trunks, Ac., 84. Casks, 74. Casks, cleaning. See Brewing, Ac., 99. Castors. See Furniture, 39. Cattle food, medicated". See Farriery, Ac., 53. Cattle food, preparing on the farm, not manufacturing for sale. See Agri- culture, 82. Cattle medicines. See Farriery, &c., 53 . Cement, brush maker's. See Brushing, 57. Centre boards. See Steering, 75. Cesspools. See Waterclosets. &c., 63. Chaff-cutters. See Agriculture, 82., Chains, chain cables, Ac., 90. Chains, jewellery. See Wearing Ap- parel, 68 ; Chains, Ac., 90. Chairs. See Furniture, 39-. Chairs, invalid. See Medicine, 25; Furniture, 39. Chalybeate waters. See Unfer- mented beverages, &c., 86. Chamber utensils. See Waterclosets, Ac., 63. Chandeliers. See Lamps, Ac., 44. Charcoal, animal. See Sugar, 48. Cheese. See Milking, &c., 72. Chemises. See Wearing apparel, 66. Chenille. See Lace-making, 29. Chess. See Toys, 51. Chests. See Trunks, &c.. 84. Chicory, manufacturing and preparing for sale. See Tea, Ac., 87. Chimes. See Music, 26. Chimneys and chimney tops. See Fuel,. Ac., 80. Chimneys sweeping. See Brushing, 57. Chinaware. See Pottery, 24. Chlorine. See Acids, &c., 40. Chocolate or cocoa, concentrated ex- tracts of. See Tea, &c., 87. Chocolate or cocoa , manufacturing ar d preparing for sale. See Tea, &c., 87- Chocolate, preparing as a drink. See TJnfermented beverages, &c., 86. Chromium . See Acids, &c., 40. Chromo-lithography. See Letterpress and similar printing, 13 ; Ornament- ing paper, &c., 12. Churning. See Milking, &c., 72. Cigars, cigarettes, and eigar holders. See Tobaceo,-42. 22 Cinder sifters. See Fuel, Ac., 30. Cisterns. See Hydraulics, 32. Citric acid. See Acids, 40. Clasps and clips. See Writing, Ac.; 37. Cleaning grain. See Agriculture, 82. Clinometers. See Optical, Ac., 76. Clipping arid shearing animals. See Saddlery, 34 ; Farriery, &c., 53. Cloaks. See Wearing apparel, 66. Clocks. See Watches, &c., 9. Clod crushers. See Agriculture, 8l. Clogs. See Wearing apparel, 67. Coal scuttles. See Fuel, &c., 30. Coats. See Wearing apparel , 66. Cobalt. See Metals, 18; Acids, Ac., 40. Cocks. See Hydraulics, 32. Cocoa or chocolate, concentrated ex- tracts of. S'ee Tea, &c., 87. Cocoa or chocolate, manufacturing and preparing for sale. See Tea, &c., 87. Cocoa, preparing as a drink. See Tin- fermented beverages, &c., 86. Coffee, concentrated extracts of. See Tea, Ac., 87. Coffee, manufacturing and preparing for sale. See Tea, &c., 87. Coffee mills. See Tea, &c., 87. Coffee, preparing as a drink. See Un- fermented beverages, &c., 86. Coffer dams. See Bridges, 36; Har- bours, Ac., 77. Coke ovens. Set Fuel, &c., 30. Collars. See Wearing apparel, 66. Collars for horses. See Saddlery, 34. Colours. See Paints, 50. Colours, artists'. See Artists instru- ments, &c., 54. Combing machines. See Spinning,- 28. Commodes. See Furniture, 39; Water- closets, &c., 63. Compasses, drawing. See Optical, &c., 76. Compasses, magnetic. Sea Optical, Ac., 76. Compasses, mariners'. See Optical, Ac,, 76. Concertinas. See Music, Ac.. 26. Condensers of steam engines. See Steam engine, 49. Conductors, electric. See Electricity, &c., 15 ; 93. Confectionery. See Cooking, &c., 61. Confectionery ices. See Ice-making, Ac., 8J>. Conveying water. See Hydraulics, 32. Cooking, Ac., 61. Copper. See Metals, Ac., 18. Copper oxides, Ac* See Acids, &e., 40. Copying presses. See Writing, &c., 37. Copying writings^ See Writing, 37. Corkcutting, Ac., 56. Corkscrews. See Preparing and cut- ting cork, 56. Corn, thrashing.cleansing, drying, and storing. See Agriculture, 82. Cornets. See Music, 26. Cots and cradles. See Furniture, 39* Cotton gins, See Spinning, 28. Couches, See furniture, 39, Counting number of passengers in common road carriages. See Com- mon road carriages, 98. Couplings for tubes. See Metallic pipes, Ac., 70. Covers of vehicles. JSee Common road carriages, 98. Crab-winches, steam. See Raising, &c., 31 ; Steam engine, 49. Cranes. See Raising, &c., 3L Cranes, -hydraulic. See Raising, ftc., 81; Hydraulics, 32. Cranes, steam. See Raising, &c., 31 ; Steam engine, 49. Crates. See Trunks, Ac., 84. Oavats. See Wearing apparel, 66. Crayons. See Artists' instruments, &c., 54. Crayons and crayon holders. See Writing, &c., 37 ; Artists' instru- ments, &c., 54. Cricket. See Toys, &c,,51. Crinolines. See Wearing apparel, 66. Crochet needles and holders. See Needles, 45. Croquet. See Toys, ftc., 51. Crucibles. See Metals, &c, 18. Crushing, breaking, &c., ores, &c. See Iron, 6 ; Metals, &c., IS ; Roads, 35. Crushing grain, &c. See Grinding grain, 78. Crushing mills for beans, gorse.grain, &c. See Agriculture, 82. Cultivators. See Agriculture, 81. Curricle bars. See Common road car- riages, 98. Currycombs. See Saddlery, 34. Curtains. 'See Furniture, 39. Cutting, &c. paper, 12. Cutting metallic jpipes. See Pipes, 70. Cutting roots, straw &c. See Agri- culture, 82. Cyanogen. See Aci ds, &c*. 40. D. Dampers for stamps, envelopes, copy- ing paper &c. See Writing, 37, Dams. See Harbours, &CT, 77. Dash wheels. See Bleaching, &c^ 14. Decoctions, unconcentrated. See Un- fermented beverages, &c^, 86. Decorticating grain and seeds. See Grinding grain, 78. Dentistry. See Medicine, 25. Derricks. See Raising, &c., 31. Derricks, steam. See Raising, &c., 31 ; Steam engine, 49. Desks, despatch boxes, and -stationery cabinets. See Writing, 37. Despatch boxes. See Writing, 37 ; Trunks, &e., 84. Despatches, mechanism for carrying. See Railways, 33. Detonating signals. See Railway Sig- nals, 38. Dextrine. See Starch, &c., K)0. Dibbles. See Agriculture, 81. D ies. See Ornamenting paper, '23 I Diggers and digging machines. See Agriculture, 81. Distance indicators for common road carriages. See Common road car- sttlling alcoholic liquids. See Brew- ing, Ac., 99. Diving apparatus. See Raising, Ac., 31. Docks. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Dolls. .See Toys, 51. Door-springs. See Hinges, Ac., 59. Drags. See Common road carriages, 98. Draining mines. See Mining, 71. | Drain pipes, laying. See Agriculture, Drain ploughs. See Agriculture, 81. Drain tiles and pipes. See Drains, Ac., 1. Drains and sewers, 1. Draughts and draughtboards. See Toys, 51. Drawers. See Wearing apparel, 66. Drawing instruments. See Writing, &c., 87 ; Artists', Ac., 54 ; Optical, mathematical, Ac., 76. Dredgers, steam. See Steam engine, 49 ; Harbours, Ac., 77, Dredging. See Raising, Ac., 31 ; Har- bours, Ac., 7 7. Dress fastenings. See Wearing ap- parel, 68. Dressing and finishing woven fabrics, Ac., 91. Dressing cases. See Trunks, &o., 84. Dressing composition. See Starch, Ac., 100. Dressing flour and meal. See Grinding grain, 78. Dressing millstones. See Grinding grain, 78. Drills, seed and manure. See Agri- culture, 81. Drums. See Music, Ac., 26. Dry docks. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Drying grain, hops, roots, hay, Ac. ' See Agriculture, 82. Dyeing. See Bleaching, Ac.. 14. Dynamometers. See Optical, Ac., 76, E. Earrings. See Wearing apparel, 68. Earth closets. See Waterclosets, Ac^ 63. E ar then ware . See Pottery, 24. Easels. See Artists' instruments, 54. Effervescing drinks. See Unfennented beverages, Ac., 86. Elastic bands. See India rubber, 16; Lace-making, 29. Elastic fabrics. See Weaving, 20; Lace-making, 29. Electric generators, 92. Electricity, Ac., 15 ; 92; 93 ; 94 ; 95; 96; 97. Electric lighting, &c,, 95. Electro-deposition, &c-, 96. Electro-etching. See Electro-deposi- tion, &c., 96. Electrolysis, 96. Elevators or stackers. See Agricul- ture, 82. Embankments. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Embossing. See Ornamenting paper, 12 ; Letterpress printing, 13 ; Dres- sing, &c. fabrics, 91. Embroidering. See Sewing, 2. Emery cloth, Ac. See Cutting, Ac., paper, 12. Endless travelling railways. See Aids to locomotion,? ; Common road car- riages, 98. Engraving, embossing, and printing rollers. See Ornamenting paper. 12 ; Bleaching, &c. fabrics, 14. Engravings. Se& Letterpress printing, &c., 13 ; Artists' instruments, 54. Envelope-fasteners. See Writing, &c., 37* Envelopes. See Cutting, folding, Ac. paper, 12. Epaulots. See Wearing apparel, 66. Erasers, See Writing, 37. Excavating. See Raising, Ac., 81 ; Harbours, Ac., 77. Exercises. See Toys, &c., 51. Explosive compounds. See Fire-arms, 10; Mining, &c., 71 Extracts of hops, &c. See Brewing, &c., 99. Extracts, unconcentrated. See Un- fermented beverages, &c.,86. Eyelets. See Wearing apparel, 68. Fan blowers. See Fuel, Ac., 30. Fans, rotary. See Ventilation. 52. Fares, checking, Ac. See Common road carriages, 98. Farriery, Ac., 63. Fats. See Oils, Ac., 27. Feeding bottles. See Medicine, 25. Feeding troughs. See Agriculture, 82. Felting. See Dressing and finishing, Ac., 91. Fermented beverages, Ac. See Brew- ing, &c., 99. Field implements and processes for agriculture, 81. Files, binders, clips, and holders for paper. See Writing, Ac v 37. Filters, sugar. See Sugar, 48. Filters, water. See. Purifying, Ac. water, 79. Finings for malt, Ac. See Brewing, Ac., 99. Finishing fabrics. See Dressing, Ac. 91. Fins, steering. See Steering, Ac., 75. Fire-arms, 10. Fire-arms, toy. See Toys, 51. Fire bars. See Fuel, Ac., 30. Fire engines, 88. Fire escapes, 88. Fire extinguishers, 88. Fire-grates. See Fuel, Ac., 80. Fire-proof depositories. See Safes, Ac., Fire-proof dresses and fabrics. See Fire engines, Ac., 88. Fireworks. See Toys, 51. 24 Fish joints and plates. Sue Rail- ways, 33. Fittings for metallic pipes. See Pipes, Flageolets. See Music, Ac., 26. Flesh brushes. See Brushing, 57. Floating docks. See Harbours, &c., 77. Floorcloth, 80. Flues. See Fuel, Ac., 30. Fluorine. See Acids, Ac., 40. Flutes. See Music, Ac., 26. Fog signals. See Railway signals, 38. Folding fabrics. See Dressing, &c., 91. Folding paper. See Cutting, Ac., 12 : Letterpress printing, Ac., 13. Food for cattle, preparing on the farm, not manufacturing for sale. See Agriculture, 82. Food, preservation of, 4. Footways. See Roads, Ac., 85. Fountains. See Hydraulics, 32. Fraud, preventing. See Paper, 11 Ornamenting, 12 ; Printing, 13. Freezing mixtures and processes. See Ice-making, Ac., 85. Frills and frillings. See Wearing ap- parel, 66. Fringe. See Lace. 29 ; Weaving, 20. Fruit-cleaning machines. See Brush- ing, 57. Fruit, machinery for paring, slicing Ac. See Cooking, Ac., 61. Fuel, 30. Fulling. See Dressing and finishing, Ac., 91. Funeral carriages. See Common road carriages, 98. Funnels. See Preparing and cutting cork, Ac., 56. Furnaces. See Iron and steel, 6 ; Metals and alloys, 18 ; Fuel, Ae., 30 ; Steam- engine, 49. Furniture, Ac., 39. Furze crushers. See Agriculture, 82. Fusees and fusee eases. See Tobacco. 42. Fuses for firing. See Fire-arms, 10; Mining, 71. G. Gaiters. See Wearing apparel, 66. Galvanic action. See Electro-deposi- tion, &c., 96. Galvanic batteries. See Electricity, 15 ; 92. Games. See Toys, 51. Garters. -See Wearing apparel, 66. Gas, 17. Gas engines. See Air, Ac. v eneines,J5 Gas lighting, automatic. See Elec- tricity, 94; 95. Gas meters. See Gas, 17. Gasometers . See G as , 17 . Gas stoves. See. Gas, 17 ; F uel, Ac., 30. Gas tubes. See Metallic pipes, 70. Gates, dock. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Gates, lock. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Gauges, air. See Ventilation, 52. Gauges, steam . See Steam engine, 49. Gauges, water. See Hydraulics, S3 ; Steam engine, 49. Gelatine. See Starch, Ac., 100. Gig mills. See Dressing, &c., 91. Gilding, &c. paper. See Ornamenting, 12. Girths. Sec Saddlery, 34. Glass paper, &c., 12. Globes. See Optical, &c., 76. Globes for lamps. See Lamps, 44. Glove fastenings. See Wearing ap- parel, 68. Gloves. See Wearing apparel, 66. Gloves of thread. See Lace-making, 29. Glue. See Starch, IcO. Gold. ehy, 19. See Music, Ac. 26. See Furniture, 3d. See Steam en- Ac.. 77. Waiug, 2<); Lace- eutting. See Piles. See Harbours, Ac., 77. Pins. &?. | Precious stones, setting. See Wearing apparel. tfS. : Presses, copying. See Writing; 37. : Presses, hydraulic. See Hydraulics, Presses, printing; 13. Pressing fabrics. Se# IfcresBtag and tinishiag, 91. Printinxr fabrics, yarns, Ac. Sto Bleachinsr, Ac., 14. Priutinsc, letterpress, Ac.. i:<. Proje-tiles. Sea Fire-afms. KI. Propellers. See Marine propulsion. 5. Propulsion, marine, l. Prussicacid. -S*Aeate.4*. Puddling furnaces. See Iron and steel, d. Pusc mills. See Bricks and tilea^a. Pulleys. See Raising. Ac.. ;H . Pulverizers. See Agriculture, 81. Pumps. See Hydraulics. -"2. Pumps, steam. Seo Hydraulics, 32: Steam enjrine, 49. Punkas. Sn* Seawall*. Aw *r-,f7. ^?*. **-, 77. Sewage Sewer*. Shako*. Aw Wearin* apparent*. gsa-SiSr 1 ^-*"* ** Shawl*. AM fabric*. Aw Prewar. ax-., fl. aa\ eopphar aadmalft. Shirt*. AM Wearing apparel, tt. Shoe*. AM Wearim apparel. 7. Sickle* and reaping hook*. culture, 81. M; SUrer. Aw Metala, Ac, IK ; Acid*.Ac, Singeing fabric*. Aw Drearin*. Ae. ea. Aw Saddler/, AT., 8; Pre- Skirta. Aw Wearing apparel, ML Sleeve links. See Wearing apparel, 68. Slide rules. See Optical, &c., 76. Slippers. See Wearing apparel, 67. Slips. See Harbours, &c., 77. Sluices. See Harbours &c. 77. Smelting lurnaces. See Iron and steel. 6; Metals. &c., 18. Smutters. See Agriculture, 82, Snuff and snuff boxes. See Tobacco 42. Soap. See Oils, &c., 27. Socks. See Wearing apparel, 66. Soda. See Acids,