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 CICERO 
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 /C^ICERO 
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GIFT 
 
 Copyright, 1905, 
 By GEORGE V. EDWARDS. 
 
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 Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. 
 

 PKEFACE. 
 
 To meet the demand for a brief volume of Cicero's 
 letters, to be read in connection with Cicero's orations, 
 the present selection of letters has been prepared and 
 edited in accord with D'Ooge's Select Orations of 
 Cicero. While, in view of their purpose, the choice 
 of selections has been limited to the easiest and plainest 
 letters, yet the list will be found sufficiently extensive 
 to include illustration of Cicero's most salient personal 
 traits and many of the most prominent phases of his 
 career. 
 
 Owing to the close connection between this book and 
 Professor D'Ooge's Cicero^ it has seemed necessary to 
 include in the vocabulary only those words which do 
 not appear in his vocabulary to the Orations. As these 
 words appear for the first time in the text they are 
 marked with a star to show that they have been placed 
 in the vocabulary of this book. 
 
 It has seemed best, also, in marking the quantities, to 
 keep in accord with the second edition of Professor 
 D'Ooge's Cicero, soon to appear, without asserting the 
 opinion of the writer in regard to any of the hidden 
 quantities so marked. 
 
 M684607 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 Many obligations are due Professor B. L. D'Ooge for 
 
 kindly criticism and assistance through the press, and 
 
 Professor E. M. Pease for many suggestions and even 
 
 verbal expressions, which have seemed to me too good 
 
 not to employ. 
 
 GEORGE VAIL EDWARDS. 
 
 Ypsilanti, 
 January 1, 1905. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAOB 
 
 Introduction vii 
 
 Value of the CoiTespondence viii 
 
 Familiar Style viii 
 
 Extent, now and in Antiquity ix 
 
 Origin of the Collections ix 
 
 Atticus X 
 
 Means of Letter-writing x 
 
 Postal Service . xi 
 
 Chronicle xi 
 
 Selected Letters 
 
 L ad Att. I. 2 
 
 u. 
 
 ad Att. III. 6 . 
 
 HL 
 
 ad Fam. XIV. 4 
 
 IV. 
 
 ad Fam. VII. 6 . 
 
 V. 
 
 ad Fam. VII. 7 . 
 
 VL 
 
 ad Fam. XVL 9 
 
 VII. 
 
 ad Fam. XIV. 18 
 
 VIII. 
 
 ad Att. VIIL 11, C 
 
 IX. 
 
 ad Att. IX. 6, A 
 
 X. 
 
 ad Att. IX. 11, A 
 
 XL 
 
 ad Att. IX. 16 . 
 
 XIL 
 
 ad Fam. XIV. 7 
 
 XIII. 
 
 ad Fam. XIV. 20 
 
 XIV. 
 
 ad Fam. IX. 20 . 
 
 2 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 9 
 10 
 10 
 11 
 12 
 l.J 
 14 
 U 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 XV. 
 
 ad Fam. XIIL 25 . 
 
 XVI. 
 
 ad Fam. IX. 17 . 
 
 XVII. 
 
 ad Fam. IV. 6 . 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 ad Fam. VI. 15 . 
 
 XIX. 
 
 ad Fam. VII. 22 
 
 XX. 
 
 ad Fam. XI. 5 . 
 
 XXL 
 
 ad Fam. X. 28 . 
 
 Notes 
 
 
 VOCABULAR-I 
 
 r 
 
 PA6R 
 16 
 
 16 
 18 
 20 
 20 
 .21 
 22 
 
 25 
 
 58 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. VALUE OF THE CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 The growing recognition of the great value of Cicero's 
 letters for school use rests, primarily, upon the fact that 
 through the letters we come not only to learn of great 
 deeds not elsewhere so well recorded, but to feel, also, 
 the man himself more personally and to know him more 
 intimately than is possible in any other way. 
 
 The importance of this fact is heightened by the cir- 
 cumstance that it is Cicero alone, of all the men of 
 antiquity, whose thoughts and purposes and feelings 
 in his daily private life we find so fully recorded and 
 revealed. 
 
 Had it been a less important personage whose letters 
 we possessed, living at a less momentous day of Rome's 
 history, still the unvarnished picture of a Roman's daily 
 life, 'in such minute detail, at so many places and seasons, 
 would have afforded us an excellent source of informa- 
 tion for reconstructing our view of that ancient day. 
 But this is Cicero ! large of nature, leader of men, bril- 
 liant of mind, wide of interests ; living, besides, in the 
 mightiest day of Rome's political drama. The conse- 
 quence is our possession of a work not merely of the 
 very highest documentary importance, but of exceedingly 
 great literary interest as well. 
 
 vii 
 
Vlll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 11. FAMILIAR STYLE. 
 
 For the scholar, indeed, the letters of Cicero are of 
 unique value, in that the style of the letters is not the 
 formal and polished style of the recognized branches of 
 literary art, for in Cicero's day private correspondence 
 was not yet felt to require that elaborate care in expres- 
 sion which real literature demanded. They show the 
 common language of daily intercourse ; bright and elegant 
 in this case, to be sure, coming from the brain of culti- 
 vated Cicero, but familiar in tone, abounding in colloqui- 
 alisms and extravagances of expression, and rich in 
 epistolary tenses, coined words, Greek phrases, diminu- 
 tives, and many other peculiarities of expression. 
 
 IIL EXTENT, NOW AND IN ANTIQUITY. 
 
 The complete works of Cicero as published to-day in- 
 clude a collection of 870 letters, or, counting letters sent 
 as inclosures, upwards of 50 more. These are arranged 
 in five groups. First, sixteen books commonly called 
 ad Familiares ; second, three books called ad Quintum 
 Fratrem, including 28 letters to Cicero's brother Quin- 
 tus; third, sixteen books commonly called ad Atticum, 
 including about 397 letters written to Atticus, none from 
 Atticus to Cicero ; fourth, two books ad Brutum having 
 23 letters to or from M. Brutus; fifth, a long letter 
 De Petitione Consulatus, apparently written by Quintus to 
 Cicero. 
 
 Besides these the ancients knew of other and differ- 
 ent groups of Cicero's letters. Book I. of our present col- 
 lection ad Brutum was Book IX. in a larger collection. 
 
INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 To Cornelius Kepos there were known two books; to 
 Hii-tius, at least nine books ; to Pompey, four books ; to 
 Caesar, three books ; to Octavius, three books ; and more 
 to Pansa, Axius, Cicero's son Marcus, Calvus, and others. 
 Of all this correspondence, however, the collections which 
 remain are less than half. 
 
 IV. ORIGIN OF THE COLLECTIONS. 
 
 Since these letters were not made as a work of literary- 
 art, but were the genuine expression of Cicero's private 
 and momentary thoughts and feelings, made at various 
 times and places, the question arises how and when they 
 came to be gathered together and when they were pub- 
 lished ; to the answer of which not all scholars are agreed. 
 It seems most likely that a collection of various letters 
 to and from Cicero was begun, perhaps with Cicero's 
 consent, by his friend and freedman Tiro, over a year 
 before Cicero's death. This collection was added to, and 
 parts of it were published in separate books by Tiro at 
 various times after 43 b.c, perhaps some while after. 
 These separate parts were cited separately throughout 
 antiquity and were not gathered into the collection now 
 known as ad Familiares until long after Tiro's day. 
 
 A further collection also was made by Cicero's friend 
 Atticus, including only letters which Cicero had written 
 him. As late as when Cornelius Nepos wrote his life 
 of Atticus these letters had not been published, at least 
 not as we have them now ; but they were fully edited by 
 Atticus, and were published perhaps before his death, 
 or more probably at some time afterwards. 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 V. ATTICUS. 
 
 Titus Pomponius Atticus, born 109 B.C., died 32 b.c, 
 was, during all Cicero's maturer years, his most intimate 
 friend. The two men were of like age, of like birth, and, 
 in part, of like tastes : both were fond of art and beauty, 
 of literature and philosophy, of society and country life ; 
 each was capable of warm and firm affection, each was 
 trustworthy, and each was, in some manner, of superla- 
 tive distinction. At the same time they were different. 
 Cicero was open and generous ; Atticus was close and 
 thrifty. Cicero was never quite happy when out of 
 public life; Atticus carefully avoided politics. Cicero 
 repeatedly risked his life for the republic ; Atticus served 
 his friends the more because he avoided dangerous en- 
 mities. Cicero squandered a fortune on his villas and 
 in bad loans to his good friends; Atticus accumulated 
 from every direction, loaned his money to friends at 
 good interest, and died worth millions. 
 
 VI. MEANS OF LETTER WRITING. 
 
 The correspondence medium of the Romans was dif- 
 ferent from our own. They had reed pens, ink made from 
 lampblack and gum, papyrus for the letters which needed 
 to be less bulky, and wax tablets and stylus for those 
 where the weight was of less importance. 
 
 The papyrus was rolled up, tied with a thread, fas- 
 tened at the knot with wax, which was then stamped 
 with the writer's seal. At need this packet could easily 
 be made so small as to be carried out of sight about the 
 carrier's person. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 The tablets, fashioned somewhat like a schoolboy's 
 slate of to-day, with wax surface in place of slate, were 
 frequently made in pairs, or with three or more together. 
 The message was written on the inner side of the slate 
 as folded, a thread was then passed through the rim of 
 the tablets to fasten them together, and sealed. Erasures 
 could be made with the stylus, which was blunt at one 
 end for this purpose. 
 
 VII. POSTAL SERVICE. 
 
 The letters were conveyed by slaves or freedmen spe- 
 cially appointed and trained for this purpose, every great 
 family or business house having such readily at its service, 
 or by the chance traveler going in the desired direction. 
 A first-class messenger would be able to go something 
 like forty miles a day, would use judgment in choice of 
 routes and stopping places, and discretion in the time and 
 manner of delivering his missive. 
 
 VIII. CHRONICLE. 
 
 The present volume of twenty-one letters contains only 
 selections from ad Atticum and ad FamiliareSf marked re- 
 spectively Att. and Fam. The numerals following these 
 abbreviations are for the " book " and the number of the 
 letter in the book : thus, the first selection {Att, I. 2) is 
 the second letter in the first book ad Atticum. 
 
 To show how largely even these few letters abound in 
 illustration of Cicero's daily life and of his character the 
 following Chronicle of some of the circumstances referred 
 to in the present selection is appended. 
 
XU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 CHRONICLE. 
 B.C. 65. Early in July M. TuUius Cicero, Jr., born. 
 
 Cicero thinks of making common cause in poli- 
 tics with Catiline. 
 
 Joins in collusion with a prosecutor. 
 
 Plans his campaign for the consulship a year 
 ahead. 
 
 Kelies on the support of his friend Atticus. 
 58. Cicero in exile, broken-hearted. 
 
 Practices the philosophy which he preached. 
 
 Refrains from suicide for his family's sake. 
 
 Expresses deepest affection for his wife Te- 
 rentia. 
 
 Is entertained at Brundisium by a willing 
 friend, who thereby risks his own safety for 
 Cicero's sake. 
 
 Sails for Greece. 
 
 Devises means for his daughter's married hap- 
 piness. 
 
 Arranges to free his slaves, conditionally. 
 
 Concerns himself about postal arrangements. 
 54. Writes influential letters to great men in be- 
 half of his young friend Trebatius. 
 
 Quotes Ennius. 
 
 Puns. 
 
 Advises his young friend about the value of 
 persistence, courage, and alertness. 
 
 Commends the desirability of intimacy with 
 Caesar. 
 
INTRODUCTION. Xlll 
 
 B.C. 50. Having been made proconsul of Cilicia and 
 served his term there, Cicero returns home- 
 ward across Greece. 
 
 Parts tenderly from his freedman Tiro, who is 
 too sick to travel. 
 
 Shows prudence in safe traveling. 
 
 Is detained by storms, but seems not to have 
 been seasick. 
 
 Enjoys fine weather at sea. 
 
 Meets enthusiastic reception at Brundisium. 
 
 Is delighted to see Terentia again. 
 
 Rejoices at getting his forwarded mail. 
 
 Provides liberally for his sick friend's com- 
 fort. 
 
 Reproves him for attending a musicale. 
 
 Anticipates disorder on election day. 
 
 Counsels avoidance of too strenuous sailing- 
 masters. 
 
 Recommends sailing in company with a cau- 
 tious officer. 
 49. At the outbreak of civil war Cicero leaves the 
 neighborhood of Rome, intrusting his wife 
 and family to the care and protection of his 
 son-in-law and the servants. 
 
 Plans in confidence with Terentia. 
 
 Has his house fortified against attack. 
 
 Establishes a private postal system. 
 
 Refrains from joining Pompey's army. 
 
 Pleads, in dignity, with Caesar for a reconcili- 
 ation with Pompey. 
 
xiV- INTRODUCTION. 
 
 B.C. 49. Acknowledges personal friendship for both 
 Caesar and Pompey. 
 
 Thanks Caesar for a favor done his friend 
 Lentulus. 
 
 Writes every day to Atticus. 
 
 Praises Caesar for his clemency towards cap- 
 tives. 
 48. Loses regard for Terentia. 
 
 Bids her inquire the news about him from 
 Lepta and Trebatius. 
 47. After joining Pompey at last, campaigning 
 with him in Greece and giving up after the 
 defeat of Pompey he returns to Italy once 
 more; this time without desiring to meet 
 Terentia. 
 
 After a long detention at Brundisium he sets 
 out for Rome quite leisurely. 
 
 Bids Terentia prepare physical comfort for his 
 guests at Tusculum ; after which we hear no 
 more of Terentia till after their divorce. 
 46. Accepting conditions as they are after his over- 
 throw and Caesar's victory, he cultivates 
 dining out. 
 
 Improves his digestion. 
 
 Distinguishes fine from vulgar lavishness. 
 
 Invites famous epicures to dinner. 
 
 Enjoys their talk. 
 
 Befrains from serving peacock at his own 
 table. 
 
 Eeceives a stream of morning callers daily. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 V,.C. 46. Reads much. 
 
 Writes much on philosophical subjects. 
 Lectures at home on philosophy and rhetoric. 
 Takes regular bodily exercise, although sixty 
 
 years old. 
 Grieves for the lost liberty of his country. 
 Threatens to eat his friend Paetus out of house 
 . and home. 
 Introduces Prince Hagesaretus to Governor 
 
 Sulpicius. 
 Laughs at Paetus for not knowing the real 
 
 power of a tyrant. 
 Is thankful for mere living, despite loss of 
 
 honors and dignity. 
 Is resigned to all that Fate may bear. 
 Holds it his duty to live as a philosopher. 
 Pleads lack of news as an excuse for not writ- 
 ing. 
 Longs for comfort when afflicted with the 
 
 death of his daughter. 
 Appreciates consolation offered. 
 Thinks his affliction greater than the afflictions 
 
 of others. 
 Longs for the visit of his friend Sulpicius. 
 44. Congratulates one of Caesar's assassins on the 
 
 deed. 
 Dines deep and late with Trebatius. 
 Pursues their legal quibble to his library after 
 
 getting home. 
 Assumes direction of Senatorial forces at Rome. 
 
XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 B.C. 44. Seeks safety in temporary hiding. 
 
 Encourages the generals of his party with 
 
 letters and advice and with the promise of 
 
 his unreserved devotion. 
 Eeproves Trebonius for lack of foresight. 
 Boasts of his own zeal and its immediate 
 
 success. 
 Summarizes the news for Trebonius. 
 Keenly estimates his contemporaries. 
 
M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 
 
 I. (Att. I. 2.) 
 
 Rome, 65 b.c, some days after the consular election in July. 
 
 Born election day, a son. I think to defend Catiline. 
 
 CICERO *ATTICO SAL. 
 
 L. lulio Caesare C. * Marcio * Figulo consulibus * fili- 
 olo me auctum scito salva *Terentia. Abs te tarn diu 
 nihil litterarum ! Ego de mels ad te rationibus scrips! 
 an tea diligenter. Hoc tempore Catillnam, competitorem 
 nostrum, dfifendere cogitamus ; indices liabemus quos 5 
 voluimus, summa * acctisatoris voluntate. Spero, si * ab- 
 solutus erit, coniunctiorem ilium nobis fore in ratione 
 petitionis; sin *aliter accident, *humaniter feremus. 
 
 Come soon and help my campaign. 
 
 2. Tuo adventti nobis opus est mattiro; nam *pror- 
 sus summa hominum est opinio tuos familiares, nobills 10 
 homines, adversarios honorl nostro fore ; ad eorum 
 voluntatem mihi conciliandum maximo te mihi tisui 
 fore video, quare lanuario *mense, ut constituisti, cura 
 ut Romae sis. 
 
 1 
 
2 M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 II. (Att. III. 5.) 
 
 Thurii, April 6, 58 b.c. 
 
 Terentia is grateful for your kindness. My life here is most 
 wretched, but I take refuge in myself. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Terentia tibi et saepe et maximas agit gratias : id est 
 mihi gratissimum. Ego vivo miserrimus et maximo 
 dolore conficior. Ad te quid scrlbam nescio. Si enim 
 es Komae, iam me adsequi non potes ; sin es in via, 
 5 cum eris me adsecutus coram agemus quae erunt 
 agenda. Tantum te oro, ut, quoniam me ipsum semper 
 amasti, ut eodem amore sis; ego enim Idem sum: ini- 
 micl mel mea mihi, non me ipsum ademerunt. Ctira 
 ut valeas. Data VIII Idus * April. * Thurii. 
 
 III. (Fam. XIV. 4.) 
 
 Brundisium, April 29, 58 b.c. 
 
 Woiild I were dead, since gods and men forsake us. 
 
 TULLIUS S. D. TERENTIAE ET * TULLI AE ET CICERONI SUIS. 
 
 10 Ego minus saepe do ad vos litteras quam possum, 
 propterea quod cum omnia mihi tempora sunt misera, 
 turn vero, cum aut scrlbo ad vos aut vestras lego, con- 
 ficior lacrimis sic ut ferre non possim. Quod utinam 
 minus vltae cupidi fuissemus ! Certe nihil aut non 
 
 I5multum in vita mall vidissemus. Quod si nos ad ali- 
 quam alicuius commodi aliquando recuperandl spem 
 fortuna reservavit, minus est erratum a nobis j si haec 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 3 
 
 mala fixa sunt, ego vero te quam prlinum, mea vita, 
 cupio vid^re et in tuo complexu emori, quoniam neque 
 dl, quos tu castissime coluisti, neque homines, quibus 
 ego semper servlvl, nobis gratiam rettulerunt. 
 
 Thanks to Laenius who has risked his safety for me. 
 
 2. Nos BrundisI apud M. *Laenium Flaccum dies 5 
 *XIII fuimus, virum optimum, qui perlculum forttina- 
 rum et capitis sul prae mea salute neglgxit neque legis 
 improbissimae poena deductus est, quo minus hospiti 
 et aniTcitiae ius officiumque praestaret. Huic utinam 
 aliquando gratiam referre possimus ! habebimus quidem 10 
 semper. 3. Brundisio profecti sumus a. d. * II K. 
 * Mai. : per * Macedoniam * Cyzicum petebamus. 
 
 What am I now to do f Is any hope left ? Grief stays my pen. 
 
 me perditum ! adfllctum ! Quid nunc ? Rogem 
 t6 ut venias ? Mulierem aegram et corpore et animo 
 confectam. Non rogem. Sine te igitur sim ? Opinor, 15 
 sic agam : si est spes nostrl reditus earn conflrmes et 
 rem adiuves ; sin, ut ego metuo, transactum est, quoquo 
 modo potes ad me fac venias. Unum hoc scito: si tS 
 habebo, non mihi videbor plane perisse. Sed quid *Tul- 
 liola mea fiet? lara id vos videte; mihi deest consi-20 
 Hum. Sed certe, quoquo modo se res habebit, illius 
 *misellae et *matrimonio et famae serviendum est. 
 Quid? Cicero mens quid aget? Iste vero sit in sinu 
 semper et complexu meo. Non *queo pltira iam scri- 
 bere: impedit maeror. Tu quid egeris, nescio; utrum25 
 aliquid teneas an, quod metuo, plane sis spoliata. 
 
M. TULLI CICEKONIS 
 
 DonH he troubled about the freeing of the slaves. 
 
 4. *Plsonem, ut scribis, spero fore semper nostrum. 
 D6 familia liberata nihil est quod te moveat. Primum 
 tuis ita *promissum est, te facttiram esse, ut quisque esset 
 meritus; est autem in officio adhuc * Orpheus, praeterea 
 
 5 magno opere nemo. Ceterorum servorum ea causa est, ut, 
 SI r6s a nobis abisset, =*liberti nostrl essent, si obtinere 
 potuissent; sin ad nos pertineret, servirent praeterquam 
 ^^oppido panel. Sed haec minora sunt. 
 
 Hope of return is small. How shall I get your letters ? 
 
 5. Tu quod me hortaris ut animo sim magno et spem 
 lohabeam recuperandae saltitis, id velim sit eiusmodi ut 
 
 recte sperare possimus. Nunc miser quando tuas iam 
 litteras accipiam? Quis ad me perferet? Quas ego 
 exspectassem Brundisi si esset licitum per *nautas, qui 
 tempestatem praetermittere noluerunt. 
 
 Be cheerful^ Terentia ; I have done no wrong. But I cannot 
 cheer myself. 
 
 15 Quod reliquum est, sustenta te, mea Terentia, ut 
 potes honestissime. Yiximus, floruimus ; non vitium 
 nostrum, sed virtus nostra nos adflixit ; peccatum est 
 nullum, nisi quod non una animam cum ornamentis 
 amisimus; sed si hoc fuit llberls nostris gratius, nos 
 
 20 vivere, cetera, quamquam ferenda non sunt, feramus. 
 "^AtquI ego, qui te conflrmo, ipse me non possum. 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAB. O 
 
 My servants are faithful. 
 
 6. *Clodium * Philetaerum, quod valetudine oculorum 
 impediebatur, hominem fidelem, remisi. * Sallustius 
 officio vincit omnis. *Pescennius est * perbenevolus 
 nobis, quem semper spero tul fore * observantem. 
 ♦Sicca dixerat se mecum fore, sed Brundisio discessit. 5 
 Cura, quod potes, ut valeas et sic existimes, me vehe- 
 mentius tua miseria quam meS, commoveri. Mea 
 Terentia, *fldissima atque optima uxor, et mea caris- 
 sima *flliola et spes reliqua nostra, Cicero, valete. 
 Pr. K. Mai. Brundisio. 10 
 
 IV. {Fam. VII. 6.) 
 
 Villa at Cumae, or at Pompeii, May, 54 b.c. 
 
 Oood advice to Trebatius, Persevere. I will help you still. 
 Look out for those chariot men. 
 
 CICERO S. D. »TREBATIO. 
 
 In omnibus mels *epistolis quas ad Caesarem aut ad 
 *Balbum mitto, legitima quaedam est *accessio com- 
 mendationis tuae, nee ea *volgaris, sed cum aliquo 
 Inslgnl indicio meae erga tS benevolentiae. Tu modo 
 ♦ineptias istas et desideria urbis et *urbanitatis de-i5 
 pone, et, quo consilio profectus es, id adsiduitate et 
 virtute consequere: hoc tibi iam ignosc6mus nos amici, 
 quam ignoverunt Medeae, 
 
 Quae Corinthum arcem altam habebant, matronae 
 *opulentae, optimates, 20 
 
6 M. TULLl CICERONIS 
 
 quibus ilia manibus * gypsatissimis persuasit, ne sibi 
 vitio illae ^verterent, quod abesset a patria; nam 
 
 Multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria 
 procul ; 
 ") Multi, qui domi aetatem agerent, propterea sunt 
 improbati. 
 
 Quo in numero tti certe fuisses, nisi te * extrtisissemus. 
 
 2. Sed plura scrlbemus * alias. Tu qui ceteris cavere di- 
 
 dicisti, in * Britannia ne ab * essedarils * decipiaris caveto 
 
 10 et, quoniam Medeam coepi agere, illud semper memento ; 
 
 Qui ipse sibi sapiens prodesse non *quit, *nequlquam 
 ^ sapit. 
 
 Cura, ut valeas. 
 
 V. {Fam. VII. 7.) 
 
 Rome, late in June, 54 b.c. 
 
 I help; hut the best help is your own toil and good behavior. 
 
 CICERO TREBATIO. 
 
 Ego te commendare non desisto, sed quid proficiam, 
 15 ex te scire cupio : spem maximam habeo in Balbo, ad 
 quern de te dlligentissime et saepissime scrlbo. Illud 
 soleo mirarl, non me totiens accipere tuas litteras, quo- 
 tiens a *QuInto mihi fratre adferuntur. In Britannia 
 nihil esse audio neque aurl neque argenti: id si ita est, 
 20 * essedum aliquid capias suadeo et ad nos quam primum 
 *recurras. Sin autem sine Britannia tamen adsequi 
 quod volumus, possumus, perfice ut sis in familiaribus 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 7 
 
 Caesaris : miiltum te in eo frater adiuvabit meus, multum 
 Balbus, sed, mihi crede, tuus pudor et labor plurimum. 
 Imperatorem habes llberalissimum, aetatem * opportunis- 
 simam, coramendationem certe singularem, ut tibi tinum 
 timendum sit, ne ipse tibi defuisse videare. 6 
 
 VI. {Fam. XVI. 9.) 
 
 Bnmdisium, November 28, 60 b.c. 
 
 A safe and bright voyage after the storm. 
 
 TULLIUS ET CICERO *TiRONi SUO SAL. PLUR. DIC. 
 
 Nos a te, ut scis, discessimus a. d. IIII *Non. Nov. 
 *Leucadem venimus a. d. *VIII Id. Nov., a. d. *VII 
 
 * Actium ; ibi propter tempestatem a. d. * VI. Idus 
 *morati sumus. Inde a. d. *V Id. *Corcyram *bel- 
 lissime navigavimus. Corcyrae fuimus usque ad a. d. lo 
 *XVI K. *Dec., tempestatibus retentl. A. d. *XV K. 
 in portum Corcyraeorum ad *Cassiop€n * stadia *CXX 
 
 * processimus ; ibI retentl ventis sumus usque ad a. d. 
 Vim K. — interea, qui cupide profectl sunt, multi 
 ♦naufragia fecerunt. Nos eo die *cenatl solvimus;16 
 inde *austro lenissimo, caelo *sereno nocte ilia et die 
 postero in Italiam ad *Hydruntem *ludibundi perve- 
 nimus, eodemque vento *postrIdie — id erat a. d. VII 
 K. Dec. — hora IIII Brundisium venimus, eodemque 
 tempore simul nobiscum in oppidum * introiit Terentia, 20 
 quae te facit plurimi. A. d. *V K. Dec. servus Cn. 
 
 * Plane! BrundisI tandem aliquando mihi a t6 exspecta- 
 tissimas litteras reddidit datas Idibus Nov., quae me 
 
8 M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 molestia valde levarunt, utinam omnino liberassent ! 
 Sed tamen ^Asclapo "^medicus plane confirmat "^pro- 
 pediem te valentem fore. 
 
 Begard your health. Don't travel too soon. 
 
 3. Nunc quid ego te horter, ut omnem diligentiam ad- 
 5 hibeas ad =* convalescendum ? Tuam prudentiam, tempe- 
 rantiam, amorem erga me novi ; scio te omnia f acttirum 
 ut nobiscum quam primum sis, sed tamen ita velim, ut 
 ne quid properes. =*Symphoniam ^'^Lysonis vellem vi- 
 tasses, ne in quartam ^hebdomada incideres; sed quo- 
 
 lOniam pudori tuo maluisti =*obsequi quam valetudini, 
 reliqua cura. * Curio misi ut medico honos haberetur 
 et tibi daret quod opus esset; me, cui iussisset, ctira- 
 ttirum. =*Equum et *mulum Brundisi tibi reliqui. 
 Eomae vereor ne ex K. Jan. magni tumultiis sint: nos 
 
 isagemus omnia *modice. 4. Eeliquum est ut te hoc 
 rogem et a te petam, ne temere naviges — solent *nau- 
 tae * festinare quaesttis sui causa, — cautus sis, mi 
 Tiro — mare magnum et difficile tibi restat, — si pote- 
 ris, cum * Mescinio — "* caute is solet navigare, — si 
 
 20 minus, cum honesto aliquo homine, cuius auctoritate 
 navicularius moveatur. In hoc omnem diligentiam si 
 adhibueris teque nobis incolumem steteris, omnia a te 
 habebo. Etiam atque etiam, noster Tiro, vale. Me- 
 dico, Curio, Lysoni de te scrips! diligentissime. Yale, 
 
 25 * salve. 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 9 
 
 VII. {Fam. XIV. 18.) 
 
 Formiae, January 22, 49 b.c. 
 
 Consider^ dear^ whaVs best to do. 
 
 TULLIUS *TERENTIAE SUAE ET PATER * SUAVISSIMAE 
 FILIAE, CICERO MATRl ET SORORI S. D. PLUR. 
 
 Considerandum vobis etiam atque etiam, animae meae, 
 diligenter puto, quid faciatis, Romaene sitis an mecum 
 an aliquo tuto loco: id non solum meum consilium est, 
 sed etiam vestrum. Mihi veniunt in mentem haec : 
 Romae vos esse ttito posse per *Dolabellam eamque 5 
 rem posse nobis adiumento esse, si quae vis aut si 
 quae rapinae fieri coeperint; sed rursus illud me movet, 
 quod video omnis bonos abesse Roma et eos mulierSs 
 suas secum habere; haec autem regio, in qua ego sum, 
 nostrorum est cum oppidorum tum etiam praediorum, lo 
 ut et multum esse mecum et, cum abieritis, commode in 
 nostrls praediis esse possitis. 2. Mihi plane non satis 
 constat adhtic utrum sit melius; vos videte, quid alias 
 faciant isto loco feminae, et ne, cum velitis, exire non 
 liceat ; id velim diligenter etiam atque etiam voblscum 15 
 et cum amlcis consideretis. 
 
 Defend the house. Write me daily. 
 
 Domus ut propugnacula et praesidium habeat, *Philo- 
 timo dicetis; et velim tabellarios instituatis certos, ut 
 cotldie aliquas a vobis litteras accipiam ; maxime autem 
 date operam ut valeatis, si nos vultis valere. Villi 20 
 Kal. *rormiis. 
 
10 M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 YIII. (Att YIII. 11, C.) 
 
 Apulia, February 20, 49 b.c. 
 The consuls have joined us. Come at once. 
 
 CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. M. CICERONI IMP. 
 
 S. V. b. e. Tuas litteras libenter legl ; recognovi enim 
 tuam pristinam virttitein etiam in salute communl. Coii- 
 sules ad eum exercitiim, quern in Apulia habui, venerunt. 
 Magno opere te hortor pro tuo singular! perpetuoque stu- 
 5 dio in rem publicam ut te ad nos confer as, ut commfini 
 consilio rei publicae adfllctae opem atque auxilium fera- 
 mus. Censeo via Appia iter facias et celeriter Brundi- 
 sium venias. 
 
 IX. (Att. IX. 6, A.) 
 
 On the way to Brundisium, about March 5, 49 b.c. 
 
 Pardon my haste. Let me see you at Borne. 
 
 CAESAR IMP. S. D. CICERONI IMP. 
 
 Cum * Furnium nostrum tantum vidissem, neque loqul 
 10 neque audire meo commodo potuissem, ^ properarem at- 
 que essem in itinere praemissis iam legionibus, praeterire 
 tamen non potui quin et scrlberem ad te et ilium mit- 
 terem gratiasque agerem, etsi hoc et feci saepe et saepius 
 mihi facttirus videor: ita de me mereris. Imprimis a 
 15 te peto, quoniam confido me celeriter ad urbem ventfi- 
 rum, ut te ibi videam, ut tuo consilio, gratia, dignitate, 
 ope omnium rerum uti possim. Ad propositum revertar ; 
 festinationi meae brevitatique litterarum ignosces; reli- 
 qua ex Furnio cognosces. 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECT AE. 11 
 
 X. (AtL IX. 11, A.) 
 
 Formiae, March 17, 49 b.c. (Reply to the last.) 
 
 At your service, if you wish to make peace with Pompey. 
 
 CICERO IMP. S. D. CAESARI IMP. 
 
 Ut legi tuas litteras, quas a Fiirnio nostro acceperam, 
 quibus mecum agebas ut ad urbera essem, te velle titi 
 consilio et dignitate mea, minus sum admiratus ; de 
 gratia et de ope quid * significares, mecum ipse quae- 
 rebam ; spe tamen deducebar ad earn cogitationem ut te 5 
 pro tua admirabili ac singularl sapientia de otio, de 
 pace, de concordia civium agi velle arbitrarer, et ad 
 eam rationem existimabam satis aptam esse et naturam 
 et personam meam. 
 
 2. Quod SI ita est et si qua de Pompeio nostro tuendo 10 
 et tibi ac rei publicae * reconciliando cura te attingit, 
 magis idoneum, quam ego sum, ad eam causam profecto 
 reperies neminem, qui et illi semper et senatui, cura 
 primum potui, pacis auctor fui nee sumptis armis belli 
 ullam partem attigi itidicavique eo bello te violari, con- 15 
 tra cuius honorem popull RomanI beneficio concessum 
 inimici atque invidi *nlterentur. 
 
 But you and he are both my friends. Wherefore, I beg you, become 
 his friend, that I may remain the friend of you both. 
 
 Sed, ut eo tempore non modo ipse *fautor dignitatis 
 tuae fuI, verum etiam ceteris auctor ad te adiuvandum, 
 sic me nunc Pompei dignitas vehementer movet ; aliquot 20 
 enim sunt anni, cum vos duo delegl quos praecipue cole- 
 
12 M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 rem et quibus essem, sicut sum, amicissimus. 3. Quam- 
 obrem a te peto, vel potius omnibus te precibus oro et 
 *obtestor, ut in tuis maximis ctiris aliquid *impertias 
 temporis huic quoque cogitation!, ut tuo beneficio bonus 
 5vir, gratus, ^pius denique esse in maximi benefici me- 
 moria possim ; quae si tantum ad me ipsum pertinerent, 
 sperarem me a te tamen impetrattirum ; sed, ut arbitror, 
 et ad tuam fidem et ad rem ptiblicam pertinet me ex 
 panels et ad utrlusque ve strum et ad civium concor- 
 
 10 diam per te quam accommodatissimum conservari. Ego, 
 cum antea tibi de Lentulo gratias egissem, quod ei saltiti, 
 qui mihi fuerat fuisses, tum lectis eius litteris, quas ad 
 me gratissimo animo de tua liberalitate beneficioque 
 misit, eandem me saltitem a te accepisse putavi quam 
 
 15 ille ; in quem si m6 intellegis esse gratum, cura, obse- 
 cro, ut etiam in Pompeium esse possim. 
 
 XI. (Att IX. 16.) 
 
 Formiae, March 26, 49 b.c. 
 
 Just to save omitting one day''s letter. 
 
 CICERO ATTICO SAL. 
 
 Cum quod scriberem ad te nihil haberem, tamen, ne 
 quem diem ^intermitterem, has dedi litteras. A. d. YI 
 K. Caesarem "^Sinuessae mansurum *nuntiabant; ab eo 
 20 mihi litterae redditae sunt a. d. VII K., quibus iam 
 " opes " meas, non, ut superioribus litteris '^ opem " 
 exspectat. Cum eius clementiam * Corfiniensem illam 
 per litteras * conlaudavissem, * rescripsit hoc exemplo : 
 
 " CAESAR IMP. CICERONI IMP. SAL. DIC." 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 13 
 
 I triumph with joy that you approve me. 
 
 2. Recte * auguraris de me — bene enim tibi cognitus 
 sum — nihil a me abesse longius crudelitate, atque ego 
 cum ex ipsa re magnam capio voluptatem, tum meum 
 factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio. Neque illud 
 mS movet, quod ei qui a me dimissi sunt discessisse 5 
 dicuntur, ut mihi rursus bellum inferrent; nihil enim 
 male quam et me mel similem esse et illos sul. 
 
 Come to Borne and counsel me. 
 
 3. Tu velim mihi ad urbeni praesto sis, ut tuis consi- 
 liis atque opibus, ut *c6nsuevl, in omnibus r6bus titar. 
 
 * Dolabella tuo nihil sclto mihi esse iucundius ; hanc lo 
 adeo habebo gratiam illl ; neque enim * aliter facere 
 poterit ; tanta eius humanitas, is sensus, ea in me est 
 benevolentia. 
 
 XII. {Fam. XIV. 17.) 
 
 Brundisium, December 18, 48 b.c. 
 
 There is nothing to write. Good-bye. 
 
 TULLIUS *TERENTIAE SUAE S. D. 
 
 S. V. b. e. e. v. Si quid haberem quod ad t6 scrlbe- 
 rem, facerem id et pluribus verbis et saepius. Nunc, 15 
 quae sint negotia, vides. Ego autem quomodo sim affec- 
 tus, ex *Lepta et Trebatio poteris cognoscere. Tu fac 
 ut tuam et Tulliae valettidinem cures. Vale. 
 
14 M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 XIII. (Fam. XIV. 20.) 
 
 Villa at Venusia, October 1, 47 b.c. 
 
 Have the tub in the bathroom. 
 
 TULLIUS S. D. *TEIIENTIAE SUAE. 
 
 In * Tusculanum nos venttiros putamus aut Nonis 
 aut * postrldie : ibi ut sint omnia parata, pltires enim 
 fortasse nobiscum erunt et, ut arbitror, diutius ibi 
 commorabimuro "^Labrum si in ^^balineo non est, ut 
 5 sit, item cetera quae sunt ad * victura et ad valettidinem 
 necessaria. Vale. K. *Oct. de *Venusmo. 
 
 XIV. (Fam. IX. 20.) 
 Rome, early in August, 46 b.c. 
 Glad you can smile once more. 
 
 CICERO *PAETO. 
 
 *Dupliciter delectatus sum tuis litteris, et quod ipse 
 *risi et quod te intellexi iam posse ridere; me autem 
 a te, ut *scurram =*velitem, malls *oneratum esse non 
 10 moleste tuli : illud doleo, in ista loca venire me, ut 
 constitueram, non potuisse: habuisses enim non *liospi- 
 tem sed "* contubernalem. 
 
 No more dyspeptic about me! 
 
 At quem virum ! non eum, quern tu es solitus * pro- 
 mulside conficere : integram f amem ad * ovum adf ero, 
 15itaque usque ad *assum "^vitulinum opera perducitur. 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 15 
 
 Ilia mea, quae solebas antea laudare, " hominem 
 * f acilem ! * hospitem non gravem ! " abierunt. Nam 
 omnem nostrara de republica ctiram, cogitationem de 
 dicenda in senatu sententia, * commentationem causa- 
 rum abiecimus, in *Epiciiri nos adversari nostri castra 5 
 coniecimus, nee tamen ad banc insolentiam, sed ad illam 
 tuam *lautitiam, veterem dico, cum in sumptum habe- 
 bas, etsi numquam plura praedia habuisti. 
 
 Make ready. No more crackers and figs. I^m in the Hirtius 
 class now. 
 
 2. Proinde te para. Cum homine et *edaci tibi res 
 est et qui iam aliquid intellegat; * 6i(/Lfjia6c2s autem homi-io 
 n6s scis quam insolentes sint. *Dediscendae tibi sunt 
 *sportellae et *artolagani tui. Nos iam ex arte ista 
 tantum habemus, ut * Verrium tuum et * Camillum — 
 qua *munditia homines, qua *elegantia! — vocare sae- 
 pius audeamus. Sed vide audaciam ; etiam * Hirtio 15 
 cenam dedi, sine * pavone tamen ; in ea cena * cocus 
 mens praeter itis *fervens nihil non potuit imitarl. 
 
 After morning calls I read, write, teach, and exercise. 
 
 Haec igitur est nunc vita nostra: mane salutamus 
 domi et bonos viros multos, sed *tristTs, et hos 
 *laetos victores, qui me quidem *perofficiose et *pera-20 
 manter * observant ; ubi * salutatio * defluxit, litteras 
 me * involve; aut scribo aut lego: veniunt etiam, qui 
 me audiant quasi doctum hominem, quia paulo sum 
 quam ipsi doctior : inde corporl omne tempus datur. 
 Patriam *eluxl iam et gravius et diutius, quam ulla25 
 
16 M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 mater *unicum f Ilium. Sed cura, si me amas, ut 
 valeas, ne ego te iacente bona tua *comedim: statui 
 enim tibi ne "^aegroto quidem parcere. 
 
 XV. {Fam. XIII. 2^.) 
 Introducing Prince Hagesaretus. 
 
 CICERO SERVIO SAL. 
 
 * Hagesaretus =*Lariseus, magnis meis beneficils orna- 
 5 tus in consulatu meo, memor et gratus fuit meque postea 
 dlligentissime coluit. Eum tibi magno opere commendo 
 ut et hospitem meum et familiarem et gratum homi- 
 nem et virum bonum et principem civitatis suae et tua 
 necessitudine dignissimum. =*Pergratum mihi feceris, 
 10 SI dederis operam ut is intellegat banc meam commen- 
 dationem magnum apud te =*pondus habuisse. 
 
 XVI. (Fam. IX. 17.) 
 Rome, middle or last of August, 46 b.c. 
 
 Ask Balhus. Then you will he able to tell me. 
 
 CICERO PAETO. 
 
 Non tti homo ridiculus es, qui, cum "^Balbus noster 
 apud te fuerit, ex me quaeras quid de istis munici- 
 pils et agrls futurum putem; quasi aut ego quidquam 
 I5sciam quod iste nesciat, aut, si quid aliquando scio, 
 non ex isto soleam scire. Immo vero, si me amas, tu 
 fac ut sciam quid de nobis futurum sit; habuisti enim 
 in tua potestate ex quo vel ex sobrio vel certe ex 
 *ebrio scire posses. 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. ' 17 
 
 I make no complaint. To live at all is clear gain. Even 
 Caesar cannot do as he loishes. 
 
 Sed ego ista, ml Paete, non quaero, prlmum quia d6 
 *lucro prope iam * quadriennium vivimus, si aut hoc 
 lucrum est aut haec vita, * superstitem rei ptiblicae 
 vivere; deinde quod scire ego quoque mihi videor quid 
 futurum sit, fiet enim quodcumque voleut, qui vale- 5 
 bunt, valebunt autem semper arma. Satis igitur nobis 
 esse debet, quidquid conceditur: hoc si qui pati non 
 potuit, mori debuit. 2. *Veientem quidem agrum 
 et * Capenatem * metiuntur ; hoc non longg abest a 
 * Tusculano ; nihil tamen timeo ; f ruor, dum licet, lo 
 opto, ut semper liceat; si id minus contigerit tamen, 
 quoniam ego, vir fortis Idemque philosophus, vivere 
 pulcherrimum duxl, non possum eum non dlligere 
 cuius beneficio id consecutus sum; qui si cupiat esse 
 rem publicam, qualem fortasse et ille vult et omn6si5 
 optare debemus, quid faciat tamen non habet; ita se 
 cum multis conligavit. 3. Sed longius progredior ; 
 scrlbo enim ad t6. Hoc tamen scito, non modo me, 
 qui consilils non intersum, sed ne ipsum quidem prln- 
 cipem scire quid futurum sit; nos enim illl servlmus, 20 
 ipse temporibus; ita nee ille quid tempora postulatura 
 sint, nee nos quid ille cogitet, scire possumus. 
 
 Hope for the best; provide for the worst; bear all. 
 
 Haec tibi antea non *rescrlpsl, non quo *cessator 
 esse solerem, praesertim in litterls, sed cum explorati 
 nihil haberem nee tibi sollicitudinem ex dubitatione 25 
 
18 ' M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 inea nee spem ex * adf Irmatione adferre volui. Illud 
 tain en adscribam, quod est verissimum, me his tempo, 
 ribus adhtic de isto periculo nihil audisse. Tti tamen 
 pro tua sapientia debebis optare optima, cogitare diffi- 
 scillima, ferre quaecumque erunt. 
 
 XVII. (Fam. IV. 6.) 
 
 Atticus's villa at Ficulea, near Rome. Toward the middle of 
 April, 45 B.C. 
 
 Fes, I wish you had been here. Your son has comforted me, 
 and your sympathy does. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. SER. SULPICIO. 
 
 Ego vero, ServT, vellem, iit scribis, in meo gravissimo 
 casu adfuisses; quantum enim praesens me adiuvare 
 potueris et consolando et prope aeque dolendo, facile 
 ex eo intellego, quod litteris lectls aliquantum *ad- 
 
 loquievi. Nam et ea scrlpsisti, quae levare ''^luctum 
 possent, et in me consolando non mediocrem ipse 
 animi dolorem adhibuisti. ^Servius tamen tuus omni- 
 bus officiis, quae ill! tempori tribui potuerunt declara- 
 vit et quanti ipse me faceret et quam suum talem 
 
 I5erga me animum tibi gratum putaret fore; cuius offi- 
 cia iucundiora scilicet saepe mihi fuerunt, numquam 
 tamen gratiora. Me autem non oratio tua solum et 
 societas paene * aegritudinis, sed etiam auctoritas con- 
 solatur ; turpe enim esse existimo me non ita ferre 
 
 20casum meum, ut tti, tali sapientia praeditus, ferendum 
 putas. 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 19 
 
 Others afflicted had some prop left. My last stay and hope is 
 gone. Fresh griefs revive old ones. 
 
 Sed opprimor interdum et vix resisto dolori, quod ea 
 me solacia deficiunt, quae ceteris, quorum mihi exempla 
 propono, simili in fortuna non defuerunt: nam et Q. 
 Maximus, qui filium consularem, clarum virum et ma- 
 gnis rebus gestis, amisit, et L. Paulus, qui duo *septem 5 
 diebus, et vester Gallus et M. Cato, qui siimmo ingenio, 
 summa virtiite filium perdidit, eis temporibus fuerunt, ut 
 eorum luctum ipsorum dignitas consolaretur ea quam ex 
 re piiblica consequebantur ; 2. mihi autem amissis orna- 
 mentls eis quae ipse commemoras quaeque eram maximis lO 
 laboribus adeptus, tinum manebat illud solacium quod erep- 
 tum est. Non amicorum negotiis, non rei publicae proctira- 
 tione impediebantur cogitationes meae, nihil in foro agere 
 libebat, adspicere curiam non poteram, existimabam, id 
 quod erat, omnis me et in du striae meae fructus et forttinae 15 
 perdidisse; sed cum cogitarem haec mihi tecum et cum 
 quibusdam esse communia, et cum frangerem iam ipse 
 me cogeremque ilia ferre *toleranter, habebam quo *con- 
 fugerem, ubi conquiescerem, cuius in sermone et *suavi- 
 tate omnis ctiras dolor^sque deponerem. Nunc autem hoc 20 
 tarn gravl volnere etiam ilia, quae *consanuisse videban- 
 tur, * recrudescunt ; non enim, ut tum m6 3, re public^ 
 * maestum domus excipiebat, quae levaret, sic nunc domo 
 *maerens ad rem publicam *confugere possum, ut in 6ius 
 bonis * adquiescam. Itaque et domo absum et foro, quod 25 
 nee eum dolorein quem de re publica capio domus iam 
 consolari potest nee domesticum res publica. 
 
20 M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 I long for the comfort of your presence. We can plan, too, our 
 behavior towards our kind tyrant. 
 
 3. Quo magis te exspecto teque videre quam primum 
 cupio ; maius mihi solacium adferri ratio nulla potest quam 
 couiunctio consuetudinis sermonumque nostrorum ; quam- 
 quam sperabam tuum adventum — sic enim audiebam — 
 
 5 appropinquare. Ego autem cum multls de causis te *exopto 
 quam primum videre, tum etiam ut ante =* commentemur 
 inter nos qua ratione nobis * tradticendum sit hoc tempus, 
 quod est totum ad unius voluntatem accommodandum et 
 prudentis et liberalis et, ut perspexisse videor, nee a me 
 
 10 alien! et tibi amicissimi ; quod cum ita sit, magnae tamen 
 est dellberationis quae ratio sit ineunda nobis non agendi 
 aliquid sed illius * concessti et beneficio quiescendl. Vale. 
 
 XVIII. {Fam. VI. 15.) 
 Rome. The Ides of March. 
 
 Delighted. 
 
 CICERO *BASILO SAL. 
 
 Tibi gratulor, mihi gaudeo; te amo, tua tueor; a te 
 amari et quid agas quidque agatur certior fieri volo. 
 
 XIX. {Fam. VII. 22.) 
 
 Tusculan villa, perhaps, in the latter part of June, 44 b.c. 
 I looked it up. 
 
 CICERO TREBATIO SAL. 
 
 15 * Inluseras * heri inter * scyphos, quod dixeram contro- 
 versiam esse possetne *heres, quod furtum antea factum 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 21 
 
 esset, furti rect6 agere. Itaque, etsi domum bene 
 *p6tu8 seroque redieram, tamen id caput, iibi haec con- 
 troversia est, notavi et descriptum tibi mlsi, ut scires 
 id quod tu neminem sensisse dlcgbas, Sex. *Aelium, W. 
 ♦Manllium, M. Brutum sensisse. Ego tamen *Scaevo- 
 lae et Testae adsentior. 
 
 XX. (Fam. XI. 5.) 
 
 Borne, soon after December 9, 44 b.c. 
 
 Out of town when Lupus came and went^ hut Pansa gives me 
 good news. 
 
 M. CICERO S. D. D. BRUTO IMP. COS. DESIG. 
 
 * Lupus familiaris noster cum a te venisset cumque 
 Romae quosdam dies commoraretur, ego eram in eis locTs, 
 in quibus maxime tuto me esse arbitrabar. Eo factum 
 est, ut ad te Lupus sine meis litteris rediret, cum tamen lo 
 curasset tuas ad me perferendas. Eomam autem veni a. d. 
 V Idus Dec, nee habul quidquam antiquius quam ut 
 *Pansam statim convenlrem, ex quo ea de te cognovl 
 quae md.xim@ optaram. 
 
 Do your utm,ost. If Antony gets his province, all is lost. 
 
 Quarg *hortatione tti quidem non eges, si ne in ilia 15 
 quidem r6, quae a tg gesta est post hominum memoriam 
 maxima, *hortat6rem deslderasti; 2. illud tamen breviter 
 * significandum videtur, populum Romanum omnia a te 
 exspectare atque in te aliquando recuperandae libertatis 
 omnem spem ponere. Tti, si dies noctesque memineris, 20 
 
22 M. TULLI CICERONIS 
 
 quod te facere certo scio, quantam rem gesseris, non obll- 
 viscere profecto quantae tibi etiam nunc gerendae sint; 
 si enim iste provinciam nactus erit, cui quidem ego sem- 
 per amicus fui, ante quam ilium intellexl non modo aperte, 
 5 sed etiam libenter cum re ptiblica bellum gerere, spem 
 reliquam nullam video saltitis. 3. Quamobrem te obsecro 
 elsdem precibus quibus senatus populusque Eomanus, ut 
 in perpetuum rem publicam * dominatti regio liberes, ut 
 prIncipiTs consentiant exitus. Tuum est hoc munus, tuae 
 10 partes ; a te hoc ci vitas vel omnes potius gentes non ex- 
 spectant solum, sed etiam postulant. 
 
 I will do my whole part. 
 
 Quamquam, cum hortatione non egeas, ut * supra 
 scripsi, non utar ea pltiribus verbis, faciam illud quod 
 meum est, ut tibi omnia mea officia, studia, curas, cogita- 
 
 15 tiones pollicear, quae ad tuum laudem et gloriam pertine- 
 bunt. Quamobrem velim tibi ita persuadeas, me cum rei 
 ptiblicae causa, quae mihi vita mea est carior, tum quod 
 tibi ipsi faveam tuamque dignitatem amplificari velim, 
 tuis optimis consiliis, amplitudini, gloriae ntillo loco 
 
 20 def uturum. 
 
 XXI. (Fam. X. 28.) 
 Rome, about February 2, 43 b.c. 
 No leavings^ if I had been there. 
 
 CICERO *TREB0NI0 SAL. 
 
 Quam veil em ad illas pulcherrimas * epulas me Tdibus 
 * Martiis invitasses ! * Eeliquiarum nihil haberemus. At 
 
EPISTOLAE SELECTAE. 23 
 
 nunc cum eis tantum negoti est, ut vestrum illud divinum 
 in rem ptiblicam beneficium nonnuUam habeat querelam. 
 Quod v6r6 a t6, viro optimo, * seductus est tuoque benefi- 
 cio adhtic vivit haec pestis, interdum, quod mihi vix fas 
 est, tibi *subirascor; mihi enim negoti plus reliquisti 5 
 uni quam praeter me omnibus. Ut enim primum post 
 Antoni foedissimum discessum senatujs haberi libere po- 
 tuit, ad ilium animum meum reverti pristinum, quem tu 
 cum civi acerrimo, patre tuo, in ore et am ore semper habu- 
 isti; 2. nam, cum senatum a. d. *xiii Kalendas Janu-io 
 arias tribuni pi. vocavissent deque alia re referrent, totam 
 rem ptiblicam sum complex us egique acerrimg senatum- 
 que iam * langueiitem et defessum ad pristinam virtutem 
 consuettidinemque revocavi magis animi quam ingeni viri- 
 bus. Hic dies meaque contentio atque * actio spem pri- 15 
 mum populo Eomano attulit libertatis recuperandae ; nee 
 vero ipse postea tempus tillum * intermisi de re publica 
 non cogitandi sOlum, sed etiam agendl. 
 
 The Senate is a power for us ; not so the ex-consuls ; the consuls 
 are Jine, but Antony is endless in evil. 
 
 3. Quod nisi res urbanSs actaque omnia ad t6 perferri 
 arbitrarer, ipse perscrlberem, quamquam eram maximis20 
 * occupationibus impeditus. Sed ilia cognosces ex alils ; 
 a m6 pauca, et ea * summatim : habemus f ortem senatum, 
 consularis partim timidos, partim male sentientes ; ma- 
 gnum * damnum factum est in Servio ; L. Caesar optime 
 sentit, sed, quod * avunculus est, non acerrimas dicit sen- 25 
 tentias ; consules egregii, praeclarus D. Brutus, egregius 
 puer Caesar, de quo spero equidem reliqua, hoc vero cer- 
 
24 M. TULLI CICERONIS. 
 
 turn habeto, nisi ille * veteranos celeriter ^ conscripsisset 
 legionesque duae de exercitu *Antoni ad eius se aucto- 
 ritatem contulissent atque is =*oppositus esset terror 
 Antonio, nihil Antonium sceleris nihil crudelitatis prae- 
 5terituriim fuisse. Haec tibi, etsi audita esse arbitra- 
 bar, volui tamen notiora esse. Pltira scribam, si plus 
 oti habuero. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 SELECTION I. 
 
 Page 1, Cicero Attico Sal. The most common form of 
 epistolary greeting consisted of the writer's cognomen in the nomi- 
 native, as here (Cicero), the receiver's cognomen in the dative 
 (Attico), and the word Salutem, commonly abbreviated to Sal., 
 or S., an accusative, object of the verb dicit, which was usually 
 omitted. This was but one of the many forms of greeting, all 
 having the writer's name in the nominative and the receiver's 
 name in the dative, but marked by a different choice or combina- 
 tion of nomen, praenomen, cognomen, and by the use of additional 
 words and titles in the address, according to the degree of formality 
 or intimacy which the writer desired to express. Illustrations of 
 this difference will be observed in the greetings occurring in this 
 book. 
 
 1. L. lulio Caesare . . . Terentia : On the dmj that Lucius 
 Julius Caesar and Gaius Marcius Figulus were elected consuls be 
 it known that I was blessed with a little son and Terentia is doing 
 well. The apparent meaning of the passage is "in the consulship 
 of Caesar and Figulus," i.e. in the year 64 b.c. ; but the following 
 statements concerning the trial of Catiline and Cicero's own can- 
 vass help to show that the events belong to the year 65 and that 
 designatis is omitted after consulibus, i.e. consuls-elect. 
 
 Atticus, of course, knew the particular day in July that had been 
 set for the consular election that year and was eagerly awaiting 
 the returns. Cicero, therefore, humorously announces, in one 
 brief sentence, the results of the election and the birth of his son. 
 The omission of designatis, under the circumstances, adds to the 
 humor, without leaving the meaning ambiguous. 
 
 2. Terentia : Cicero's wife Terentia was a lady of distinguished 
 ancestry and considerable wealth, and in marrying her, when he 
 was still young (possibly only 26) and not yet distinguished or rich, 
 
26 NOTES. [P. 1, 1. 3 
 
 Cicero doubtless felt that he had made a good match. Her dowry 
 is stated at 120,000 drachmae (over $20,000), and she had houses 
 at Rome and acres at Tusculum. She proved a virtuous and 
 practical wife. When they had been married a very few years, 
 she had presented Cicero with a daughter, Tullia, who grew to 
 rare accomplishments. Tullia was old enough to be betrothed 
 to Piso in 66 b.c, the year before the birth of the little son, her 
 brother, announced in this letter. For eight or nine years more 
 Cicero and Terentia seem to have lived in comfort and content, 
 but after Cicero's exile and return (57 b.c.) occasions of dissatis- 
 faction come to light, and early in 46, after thirty years or more of 
 married life, when they had grandchildren, Cicero and Terentia 
 were divorced. Cicero remarried ; Terentia is said to have lived to 
 be over a hundred years old, and to have remarried thrice. 
 
 3. rationibus : business and political affairs. 
 
 4. competitorem : More than a year before the date of this 
 letter Catiline had returned from his propraetorship in Africa to 
 run for the consulship and had been made ineligible for the office 
 by being accused of extortion in Africa, the law being that no man 
 under such charges could be a candidate. At the election of 
 L. Caesar and Figulus, Catiline had not yet come to trial and was 
 still ineligible ; but he was hoping for acquittal, as his trial was 
 approaching, the jury was packed, and the accusator, P. Clodius, 
 was working in the interests of the accused, which could be done by 
 challenging such jurors as were likely to vote for conviction and 
 by making half-hearted complaint. If Catiline should be acquitted, 
 then Cicero might well expect to find him a competitor in the 
 election still nearly a year ahead. 
 
 5. defendere cogitamus : There is no evidence that Cicero 
 actually delivered such an oration, but the indications are to the 
 contrary, that he changed his mind about the matter before the 
 day of trial. 
 
 iudices : jurymen. 
 
 6. absolutus : acquitted. 
 
 7. coniunctiorem . . . nobis . . . petitionis : more closely 
 united with me in my canvass. Since two consuls were chosen from 
 among the candidates at every consular election, it was not un- 
 common for two candidates to join forces aud play into each other's 
 
p. 1, 1. 14] NOTES. 27 
 
 hands, as seems to have been Cicero's design here with regard to 
 Catiline. 
 
 8. Bin aliter . . . feremus: but if it turns out otherwise I 
 shall hear it manfully. Quite "manfully," no doubt, for in that 
 case Catiline, not being acquitted, could not be Cicero's competitor 
 at all. Atticus would appreciate the spirit of Cicero's humorous 
 resolve to endure. 
 
 9. adventu : with opus est. 
 
 nobis : for the case see A. & G. 373 (231) ; B. 190 ; G. 406 ; 
 H. 477 III (414, N. 2); HB. 374. 
 
 10. tuos familiares : personal friends, probably Crassus and 
 Caesar, Hortensius and Lucullus. 
 
 11. honori nostro : to my preferment. 
 
 12. voluntatem: favor: literally, will, i.e. goodwill. 
 Usui : dative of service. 
 
 13. lanuario : Cicero had previously arranged with his friends 
 for their support in this canvass. Born in 106 b.c, he looked 
 forward to the election for 63 b.c. as the first at which his age 
 would enable him to be a candidate. We know the result of the 
 election. Cicero was triumphantly elected, with C. Antonius as 
 his colleague. His alliance with Catiline, hinted at in this letter, 
 was not brought about, and Catiline was defeated, along with Publius 
 Galba and others. 
 
 ut constituisti ... sis : Be sure and be at Borne as you've 
 planned. 
 
 14. Romae : locative. For the form see A. & G. 43, c (36, c) ; 
 B. 21, c ; G. 29, r. 2 ; H. 78, 4, 48, 4 ; HB. 66, 5. 
 
 SELECTION II. 
 
 During the seven years which elapsed between the date of the 
 last letter and the date of this Cicero had been consul, had crushed 
 the Catiline conspiracy, delivered some of his most famous orations, 
 quarreled with Clodius, and in return been banished from Rome 
 through Clodius's efforts. The enactment qui civem Bomanum in- 
 demnatum interemisset, et aqua et igni interdiceretur was adopted 
 between March 20th and 2oth, 58 b.c. Cicero foresaw it, and with- 
 
28 NOTES. [P. 2, 1. 2 
 
 out attempting violent resistance he left the city shortly before the 
 hill was passed. 
 
 As exile he tarried in the south of Italy for some weeks until 
 driven by a further enactment "400 miles from Rome." In the 
 city his enemies wrought havoc to Cicero's possessions. His house 
 on the Palatine was torn down and the ruin was spread to his villas 
 at Tusculum and Formiae. His wife Terentia was annoyed and 
 obliged to seek help of his friends and hers, who were still many 
 and powerful. 
 
 Cicero in exile felt keenly his country's ingratitude, and his let- 
 ters during its whole duration are broken-hearted. 
 
 ' Page 2. 2. vivo miserrimus : / live a most wretched man. 
 vivo is here almost equivalent to sum. 
 
 3. quid scribam : indirect question of deliberation. 
 
 4. adsequi : overtake. 
 in via : on the road. 
 
 8. me ipsum : my own self, as opposed to (mea) my circum- 
 stances and possessions. A stoical reflection ! In stoic philosophy, 
 some views of which he shared, Cicero often found a source of 
 comfort to his tried and wounded spirit. 
 
 Cura ut valeas : a common polite close. Such expressions 
 at the close of letters are very frequent and varied and need 
 not be taken in much more literal spirit than our " Yours 
 truly," etc. 
 
 9. Data : sc. haec epistola. 
 
 VIII : The use of figures to express dates appears to have been 
 as common with the Romans as with us. The figure is read as an 
 ordinal (octavum) in the ace, as if agreeing with diem, in the 
 phrase ante diem, which was often expressed in abbreviation, a.d., 
 or else understood. 
 
 Idus : ace. pi. A fuller form of expression for this date is 
 ante diem octavum Idus Apriles or die octavo ante Idus Apriles. 
 For the case see A. & G. 424, g (259, e) ; B. 371, 4, 5; G. Appendix ; 
 H. 754 III ff. (642, 2) ; HB. 667. 
 
 April. : abbreviation of Apriles, adjective in agreement with 
 Idus. 
 
p. 3, 1. 3] NOTES. 29 
 
 SELECTION III. 
 
 Driven out of Italy, Cicero went eastward by way of Brundisium, 
 the common port of departure for Greece and the East. Before 
 sailing he was entertained for a fortnight, in retirement, at the 
 country house of M. Laenius Flaccus, just outside the walls of 
 Brundisium, and there he wrote this letter to his family. 
 
 Tullius : This use in the salutation of the nomen (Tullius) in- 
 stead of the cognomen (Cicero), as in Selections 1 and 2, is intimate 
 and familiar in style. Cicero uses his nomen only to his family 
 and to his slave Tiro, who became his freedman by manumission 
 about four years after the time of this letter. 
 
 Suis : dative, in agi-eement with Terentiae, Tulliae, and Cice- 
 roni. The pronoun is added as a mark of affection, " his dear.''"' 
 
 10. ego : Observe this use of the personal pronoun in emphatic 
 position, as if the writer were answering a remark made by the 
 other correspondent, "yes, I do send you letters," etc. 
 
 11. omnia tempora : every hour of the day. 
 
 13. Quod utinam, etc. : This wish may refer to suicide, a thing 
 not contrary to his philosophy of life, or it may refer to taking up 
 arms against his enemies at the risk of his life. Quod utinam is 
 an expression kindred, in part, with quod si, the quod meaning 
 literally "as to the fact that," but often best left untranslated. 
 
 14. fuissemus . . . vidissemus : in the letters of Cicero plurals 
 like these are very frequently used referring to the writer alone, as 
 in English the " editorial we." 
 
 16. commodi : satisfactory position. 
 
 17. minus est erratum : my mistake was not so very great. 
 Page 3. 1. fixa : fixed, not to pass away. 
 
 mea vita : term of endearment, like mea lux, ocelle mi, anima 
 mea. 
 
 2. emori : breathe out my last. Stronger than mori. 
 
 3. csLBtiBBime: most piously. Terentia evidently did the regular 
 church-going for the family. Yet a rhetorical expression like this 
 for the sake of contrast cannot be taken too literally as a statement 
 of fact. 
 
 quibus : for case see A. & G. 367 (227) ; B. 187, II. a ; G. 346, 
 R. 2 ; H. 426 (385 1) ; HB. 362, III. 
 
30 NOTES. [P. 3, 1. 4 
 
 4. gratiam rettulerunt : returned our favor. 
 
 5. nos : Cicero and his personal attendants ; unless we suppose 
 this to be the "editorial we," which is here less likely since the 
 singular mea occurs just below. 
 
 Brundisi : locative. For the form see A. & G. 49, a (40) ; B. 
 25, 5 ; G. 33, 3 ; H. 83, 4 (51, 8) ; HB. 71, 6. 
 
 Apud : at the house of. 
 
 Flaccum : Elaccus was not the only man Cicero found who 
 could not be reckoned among the homines whose ingratitude 
 Cicero in the preceding sentence was deploring. 
 
 6. fuimus : were^ that is, stayed. 
 
 7. prae . . . neglexit : for my welfare disregarded. 
 
 8. poena : penalty. 
 
 9. ius officiumque praestaret : performing the obligations and 
 duties. 
 
 10. referre: repay. 
 
 11. a.d. II K. Mai. = ante diem seciuidum Kalendas Maias : 
 The second day before the May Kalends. The same date is written 
 with the more common formula pridie Kalendas Maias, at the 
 close of this letter, p. 5, 1. 10. 
 
 Cyzicum : A town in Asia Minor on the shore of the Sea of 
 Marmora. 
 
 12. profecti sumus : petebamus : epistolary tenses. In letter- 
 writing it was common for the Roman writers to assume the point 
 of view of the receiver of the letter and to use the past tenses to 
 express a fact which at the moment of writing was present, but 
 at the moment of receiving and reading the letter would be past. 
 It took about six days for a letter to reach Rome from Brundisium, 
 so when the family would be reading this letter, Cicero's thought, 
 " we are leaving Brundisium and starting out for Cyzicus," would 
 appear, " we have left Brundisium and were starting for Cyzicus." 
 
 13. rogem : deliberative question. 
 
 16. coniirmes . . . adiuves : jussive, the very strong wish 
 being equivalent to a command. 
 
 17. transactum est : it is all over with. 
 
 18. fac venias : see that you come. 
 
 19. TuUiola : diminutive of affection. What will become of my 
 dear little Tullia : literally. What will be done with . . . Tullia. For 
 
p. 4, 1. 9] NOTES. 31 
 
 the case see A. & G. 403, c (244, d) ; B. 218, 6 ; G. 401, n. 7 ; H. 
 174, 3 (419) ; LIB. 428, b. 
 
 22. Et matrimonio et famae serviendum est : we must have 
 regard both to the fact that she is married and to the good name of 
 that unhappy girl. 
 
 23. sinu et complezu: loving remembrance: literally, bosom 
 and embrace. 
 
 26. teneas, etc. : whether you are holding fast any property. 
 Terentia would be entitled to retain her own property, but it might 
 happen that the wife of an outlaw would be legally robbed. This 
 contingency which Cicero feared did not eventuate. 
 
 Page 4. 1. Pisonem : C. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, the first 
 husband of Tullia ; an excellent and faithful man. He remained 
 at Kome and looked carefully after the affairs of his banished 
 father-in-law. He died probably within a year of this date. 
 
 2. familia liberata : The slaves belonging to a household or an 
 estate were known as the familia. 
 
 Evidently reports about Cicero's having liberated his and her 
 slaves had reached Terentia and troubled her. Cicero assures her 
 that in regard to her slaves he had merely promised that she would 
 do to each one as he deserved, which would involve no one in 
 particular but Orpheus ; in regard to his own slaves he had arranged 
 that if his property should be confiscated, they were to be his freed- 
 men (and hence not part of his confiscable property), provided 
 they could manage to maintain their position as such before the law ; 
 but if his property should remain his, they should still be slaves, 
 except a very few. 
 
 moveat : which should trouble you, or merely, to trouble you. 
 . 4. in officio : deserving. 
 
 5. magno opere : adverbial expression which Cicero may have 
 written magnopere, in particular. 
 
 ea causa est ut : the case is as follows ; namely, that. 
 
 6. abisset : Secondary sequence of tenses because the state- 
 ment causa est implies an arrangement already made. We might 
 almost translate, the case is as follows : I arranged that, etc. 
 
 7. pertineret : if it'should remain. The subject is res. 
 
 8. oppido : very, an adverb of uncertain etymology. 
 
 9. tu quod me hortaris : as to your urging me. 
 
32 NOTES. [P. 4, 1. 10 
 
 10. id velim sit eiusmodi : / loould the situation were such. 
 
 12. accipiam . . . perferet : future indicatives. 
 
 13. exspectassem : waited for. 
 
 14. tempestatem : weather. In this case evidently favorable 
 weather. 
 
 15. quod reliquum est : for the rest. 
 
 ut potes honestissime : as best you may, i.e. in as dignified a 
 manner as possible. 
 
 16. Viximus, florulmus : These plurals may refer to Cicero 
 alone or to all his family, nos vivere below refers, of course, to 
 Cicero only. The expression is sententious, Cicero evidently feels 
 that to have really lived, to have flourished, is the securest basis for 
 comfort to his reflections. 
 
 17. peccatum est nullum : no mistake has been made. 
 
 18. Animam : life. 
 
 omamentis: distinctions, i.e. honors, power, wealth, freedom. 
 
 19. nos vivere : in apposition with hoc. 
 
 20. ferenda : endurable. 
 feramus : hortatory. 
 
 Page 5. 1. Clodium Philhetaerum : like Sallustius and 
 Pescennius, below, an attendant of Cicero on his journey into 
 exile. Very likely his freedman. 
 
 valetudine ooulorum : trouble with his eyes, valetudo is health, 
 good or bad. 
 
 3. officio vincit : surpasses in kindness. 
 
 4. tui : For the case see A. & G. 348 (217) ; B. 200 ; G. 375 ; 
 H. 451, 3 (399) ; HB. 354. 
 
 5. Sicca : A friend of Cicero occasionally mentioned in the letters 
 as his host, guest, or messenger. Cicero just before coming to Brun- 
 disium had been staying for some days with Sicca at his place in 
 Vibo. 
 
 Brundisio : Ablative of place where, and interchangeable with 
 the locative. 
 
 6. quod potes : so far as you can. 
 
 10. Pr. K. Mai. i.e. pridie Kalendas Maias : see note on 
 p. 3. 1. 11. 
 
p. 6, 1. 1] NOTES. 33 
 
 SELECTION IV. 
 
 After over a year in exile, Cicero was triumphantly recalled to 
 Rom& He was reimbursed for the destruction of his Palatine house 
 and rebuilt it, resuming in the city the life of the great man of 
 affairs as steadily as the troublous times would permit. He found 
 time from his public and personal cares for a light-hearted corre- 
 spondence with many friends, among whom was G. Trebatius 
 Testa, a brilliant young lawyer with a longing to rise in wealth and 
 fame. Many noble Romans were gaining both these objects through 
 serving with Caesar in Gaul. Trebatius was no warrior, but on 
 Cicero's advice he went to Caesar's camp, bearing Cicero's most 
 earnest letters of commendation to Caesar. It did not take long in 
 Gaul for Trebatius to find himself disappointed and homesick, per- 
 haps frightened, and it needed all Cicero's urging and cheering to 
 keep him at his post. He did remain, however, and Caesar not 
 only grew fond of him but put him in the way of subsequent 
 prosperity. 
 
 12. accessio : addition. That is, Cicero took pains to say some 
 suitable (legitima) thing in further commendation of Trebatius 
 every time he wrote to Caesar or to Balbus, Caesar's agent. 
 
 13. volgaris : of the common sort. 
 
 14. Tu modo : Do lay aside. 
 
 15. urbanitatis : i.e. the agreeable intercourse which the city 
 affords. 
 
 17. consequere : follow up. 
 
 18. Medeae : dative with verb of pardon. 
 
 18. Quae Corinthum : The lines are from Ennius's "Medea 
 Exul," of which but half a dozen more such fragments are pre- 
 served. Cicero had no hesitation in quoting Ennius to the cultured 
 Trebatius, for even a Roman schoolboy would have recognized such 
 a quotation from this or any other work of Quintus Ennius, the 
 great early Roman classic. 
 
 Page 6, 1 . g3rpBatisBiiiiis : Whitening the hands with gyp- 
 sum was the practice of actors of women's parts. Trebatius knew 
 the theater, and the mental picture of Medea on the stage turn- 
 ing up her whitened hands would have been very vivid to his 
 mind. 
 
34 NOTES. [P. 6, 1. 2 
 
 2. vitio : dative of the object for which. See A. & G. 382, 1 
 (333, a) ; B. 191 ; G. 356 ; H. 43;J, 2 (390, 2, n. 2) ; HB. 360. 
 
 verterent : The object is found in the substantive clause quod 
 . . . patria. 
 
 8. cavere didicisti : learned to look out for, i.e. in the way of 
 legal defense and service. The persistence till our day of legal 
 phrases such as caveat emptor, caveat actor, etc. , suggests the fre- 
 quency with which Trebatius, a Koraan lawyer, must have been 
 wont to use them. 
 
 9. essedarius : The essedarius fought from an essedum, a 
 two-wheeled war chariot used by the Gauls and Britons. It was 
 of odd construction and attracted much attention from the Ro- 
 man populace when first displayed in the triumphal processions. 
 Trebatius had seen these chariots and perhaps had written to Cicero 
 some account of them. Cicero makes the essedarius something of 
 a joke and rallies Trebatius in humorous fashion. 
 
 decipiaris : get carried off. 
 
 caveto : In the preceding line cavere is a legal term of techni- 
 cal meaning. The repetition of the word here in its ordinary sense 
 makes Cicero guilty of a pun, such as in his letters we shall come 
 often upon. Cicero liked puns. He had not learned that " a pun 
 is a vicious abuse of language." 
 
 10. Medeam agere : bring Medea into play. 
 
 SELECTION Y. 
 
 14. Quid proficiam : indirect question, what lam accomplishing. 
 
 17. mirari : to ivonder at. 
 tuas litteras : letters from you. 
 
 18. Quinto fratre : Cicero's brother Quintus, at other times also 
 a devoted partisan of Caesar, was with him now in Britain. 
 
 20. capias suadeo : capture some chariot, I urge you. Those 
 wonderful chariots ! 
 
 22. volumus : i.e. you and I. Cicero includes himself as part- 
 ner in Trebatius's desires. 
 
 perfice : bri^ig it to pass. 
 
 in iamiliaribus : among the intimate friends. 
 
 Page 7. 3. aetatem : Trebatius was perhaps thirty-five. 
 
p. 7, 1. 20] NOTES. 35 
 
 SELECTION VI. 
 
 Several years after the correspondence with Trebatius, while 
 Caesar was still in Gaul, Cicero, in July, 51 b.c, became proconsul 
 of Cilicia, in which province he remained for a year, an upright 
 governor. 
 
 Upon the expiration of his term, as he journeyed homewards 
 across Greece, his friend and freedmau. Tiro, whose health was fre- 
 quently feeble, fell ill of a fever, and Cicero, with his retinue, 
 including his fifteen-year-old son Marcus, was obliged to proceed 
 without him. Cicero wrote back often and affectionately to Tiro. 
 There are preserved no less than seven such letters which were 
 written before the party left Greece. After reaching Brundisium 
 in safety Cicero soon takes the opportunity to send back to Tiro 
 this letter which we have before us. 
 
 6. a.d. nil Non. Nov. = ante diem quartum Nonas 
 Novembris : see note on p. 2, 1. 9, Idus. 
 
 7. Leucadem : ace. without preposition. See A. & G. 427, 2 
 (250, 2, b); B. 181, 1, a ; G. 337 ; H. 418 (380, 2) ; IIB. 385, b. 
 
 Note also in this letter Actium, Corcyram, Brundisiuni. 
 
 8. tempestatem : weather. In this instance unfavorable, see 
 note on p. 4, 1. 14. 
 
 12. Cassiopen : Greek accusative, see A. & G. 44 (37) ; B. 22 ; 
 G. 65 ; H. 81 (50) ; HB. 68. Cassiope, modern Cassopo, was a 
 town with harbor at the N.E. extremity of the island of Corcyra. 
 Up to that point the voyage had been up the west coast of Greece 
 at no great distance from the shelter of the Greek islands, but from 
 Cassiope on the course lay across the open Adriatic. 
 
 Stadia CXX : nearly fourteen miles, a stade being 606 ft. 9 in. 
 
 14. interea . . . multi : In the meantime of those who rashly 
 continued their journey., many were shipwrecked, 
 
 15. cenati : after dinner. 
 
 solvimus : i.e. navem solvimus : set sail. Compare the expression 
 in Acts xxvii. 13. 
 
 17. ludibundi : in good spirits. 
 
 18. id erat : used like id est, for the more common is erat, or 
 qui dies erat. 
 
 20. introiit Terentia : Cicero had eagerly sent for her and she 
 
36 NOTES. [P. 7, 1. 21 
 
 as gladly came. Two years later the situation was altered. Cicero 
 was again returning from Greece, having lost in the struggle 
 against Caesar, to the same port of Brundisium. Terentia wrote 
 and asked if she might come to meet him, and he replied he 
 would prefer not. 
 
 21. quae . . . plurimi : who has the highest regard for you. 
 
 22. tandem aliquando : at last. 
 exspectatissimas : eagerly looked for. 
 
 Page 8. 2. Asclapo : Greek noun, 3d declension. 
 
 7. sed tamen ita velim . . . properes : But nevertheless I 
 would express the wish that you do not hasten unduly. 
 
 8. symphoniam : musical party. The Greeks were fond of 
 music at meals, a custom which also found footing at Rome. Lyso, 
 a resident of Patras, was Cicero's hospes ; hence his attentions to 
 Tiro. It is not impossible, if Tiro was at this time being enter- 
 tained at the house of Lyso, that this dinner party was specially 
 given in his honor. 
 
 9. hebdomada : Greek ace, 3d declension. The seventh day 
 was supposed to mark a crisis in fevers. Each recurrence would 
 naturally find the patient weaker, and for Tiro a fourth recurrence 
 might be no small matter. 
 
 10. pudori . . . obsequi : since you have chosen to consider 
 your feelings rather than your healthy in other respects he careful. 
 
 11. Curio : Curius was Cicero's financial agent in Greece at this 
 time. 
 
 honos haberetur : a comjylimentary gift should be made. 
 
 12. quod : whatever. 
 
 opus esset : predicate use of opus. See A. & G. 411, b (243, 
 e, r) ; B. 218, 2, a ; G. 406 ; H. 477 III (414, 4, 1) ; HB. 430, 1. 
 
 me . . . curaturum : sc. esse : and that I would pay the amount 
 to any one he said. The infinitive is governed by the verb of say- 
 ing implied in misi, sent word. 
 
 14. ex K. Jan. = ex Kalendis Januariis : when the new con- 
 suls, who were opposed to Caesar, were to take office. 
 
 19. Mescinio : Mescinius had been Cicero's quaestor in Cilicia. 
 He was not a man of sterling worth, but he had culture, was fond 
 of Tiro, and was very careful of his own comfort, so he would be 
 both safe and agreeable as Tiro's traveling companion. 
 
p. 9, 1. 2] NOTES. 37 
 
 20. bonesto : of reputation. 
 
 21. naviculariua : the one who would have immediate charge 
 of the ship's movements. 
 
 22. Bteteris : present yourself. 
 
 omnia habebo : you will he doing me all the favors in the world. 
 
 23. etiam atque etianr : over and over again. 
 
 25. salve : an ordinary word of greeting seems added here to the 
 still more ordinary vale, with some sense of its literal meaning as a 
 wish for health. 
 
 SELECTION VII. 
 
 On getting back to Italy from Cilicia, Cicero found public affairs 
 in turmoil. The struggle between Caesar and Pompey was lower- 
 ing ominously, and its outbreak would mean civil war. Cicero was 
 on friendly terms with Caesar and still more intimately bound to 
 Pompey, who had done him great services. But more than to both 
 was he attached to his country. His best hopes toward peace were 
 in vain. 
 
 On Jan. 13th Caesar led his army across the Rubicon and became 
 a rebel in arms against the state. As the forces in the city were 
 inadequate for its defense, Pompey left Rome to raise a new army 
 in Italy. Senators fled from the city. Cicero, to be independent 
 of both parties, hoping yet to be peacemaker between them, went 
 with his son to Campania to have oversight of that region, leaving 
 his wife and daughter behind at Rome. His designs seem to have 
 taken him much about the region. This letter is written on the 
 22d from his villa at Formiae." On the 23d he was writing from 
 Minturnae ; on the 25th from Cales ; on the 26th from Capua. 
 
 Page 9. 1. considerandum vobis : The dative of the agent 
 is used with the gerundive to denote the person on whom the neces- 
 sity or obligation rests. 
 
 animae meae : my dearest ones. 
 
 2. faciatis : For the mood see A. & G. 675, b (334, b) ; 444, and 
 note ; B. 300, 2 ; 315, 3 ; 277 ; G. 265, 511 ; H. 649 II. (629, 1) ; 
 HB. 603, 537. 
 
 Romaene ... an ... an : In alternative questions the en- 
 clitic -ne in the first member followed by an in the second and an 
 in the third is one of the commonest forms. 
 
38 NOTES. [P. 9, 1. 5 
 
 5. esse : to exists that is, to live, remain. 
 tuto : in safety. 
 
 Dolabellam : P. Cornelius Dolabella was a young Eoman of 
 charming manners but profligate character. He seems to have won 
 the heart of Tullia, who apparently retained her affection for him 
 even after they were divorced, shortly before her death in 45 b.c. 
 Dolabella was an ardent partisan of Caesar. This made him able 
 to do great service for Tullia and Terentia at Rome after the flight 
 of the senators at Caesar's approach, when affairs were in such 
 turmoil and the only safety was for Caesar's friends. It seemed 
 best, however, to Tullia and Terentia, in spite of Dolabella's ser- 
 vices, to leave Rome and join Cicero in Campania, whither they 
 came Feb. 3d, 49 b.c. 
 
 eamque rem : and that fact ; subject of posse. 
 
 6. adiumento : dative of purpose or tendency. 
 vis : violence. 
 
 7. illud . . . quod video : the fact that I see, etc. The sub- 
 stantive quod clause is in apposition with illud. 
 
 8. bonos : Cicero's common word for the men of his political side, 
 elsewhere called the optimates and the viri optimi. They were not 
 an organized political party with officers and caucuses and conven- 
 tions. It was uncertain often who would be reckoned on one 
 side or the other ; but in general the group who followed Cicero's 
 designs were consistent and well known. They fought under 
 Pompey in the civil war, and they alone were the boni. 
 
 abesse Roma: without a preposition, as with other verbs of 
 similar meaning, although verbs compounded with ab usually are 
 followed by the preposition when used in their literal meaning. 
 
 9. haec . . . praediorum: furthermore, the district in which 
 I am is one where not only the towns but the estates even are under 
 my influence. 
 
 12. non satis constat adhuc : it is not quite clear yet. 
 
 13. isto loco : in your position. That is, women whose hus- 
 bands have left the city through fear of Caesar. Ablative of quality. 
 
 15. velim : subjunctive of modest assertion, / should like : as 
 if one wished to soften the directness of any expression of his own 
 desires. The difference in tone is apparent between this expression 
 and the urgent perfice ut sis, capias suadeo, tu modo ineptias de- 
 
p. 9, 1. 21] NOTES. 39 
 
 pone, sustenta te, of the preceding letters. It is different also from 
 the polite urgency of cura ut valeas, valete, etc., at the close of 
 letters. 
 
 17. Domus . . . dicetis: That the house (may) have a bairi- 
 cacle and a guard give orders to Philotimus. 
 
 Philotimo: Philotimus was Cicero's and Terentia's trusted 
 house steward. He turned out to be more devoted to Terentia's 
 interests than to Cicero's, hut Cicero at the time of this letter 
 believed him faithful. 
 
 18. et velim . . . instituatis: and, please, arrange definite 
 letter-carriers. Cicero's desire is that Terentia shall assign to 
 some of his slaves the fixed task of going and coming between 
 them with daily letters. That would constitute for these slaves 
 their whole employment, and Cicero's slave family was large enough 
 in number to warrant the devotion of several individuals to such 
 a task. 
 
 19. aliquas litteras: The plural litteras means a letter. It 
 may also mean letters. Whether he was expecting from his family 
 one letter a day or more than one must therefore be inferred from 
 other sources. 
 
 21. "Kal. sc. Februarias : 
 
 SELECTION VIII. 
 
 In the month elapsed since the last letter, Pompey had succeeded 
 in raising an army which was in numbers perhaps not inferior to 
 Caesar's. He did not venture to offer battle, however, and Caesar 
 advanced toward Rome. Both men were now anxious to gain 
 Cicero's definite support, and Cicero's conduct toward each had 
 been so inconclusive that each had hopes of winning him. 
 
 Most of Cicero's political friends had gone already to join Pom- 
 pey, and on Feb. 10th, Pompey wrote Cicero, urging him to come 
 and unite with the rest at Luceria. On receiving the letter, Cicero 
 replied, Feb. 15th, that if Pompey intended a certain course, he 
 would join the movement. Pompey replies with the letter before 
 us. Cicero's answer to it was written a week later and explains 
 at some length his reasons for not coming, the most important 
 
40 NOTES. [P. 10, 1. 1 
 
 being that Caesar had moved quickly and with his army already 
 blocked the way. 
 
 Page 10. Magnus: Roman surnames were sometimes in- 
 herited and sometimes not. Pompey's father was Cn. Fompeius 
 Sextus. The surname Magnus is one which Pompey took for 
 himself. Its use here is no indication of a special fondness for the 
 name, as some have thought, since praenomen and cognomen 
 (Cn. Magnus) is one of the commonest forms of the name appear- 
 ing in epistolary salutations. 
 
 Imp. : If Cicero seems to have resigned his military office, as 
 some editors assert, when he, with other senators, fled from Rome 
 before Caesar, nevertheless Pompey plainly chose to look upon him 
 still as imperator. 
 
 1. s. V. b. e. : i.e.: si vales bene est. Abbreviation of this 
 common phrase, and of others similar, is very frequent. 
 
 4. pro : in accordance with. 
 
 5. communi consilio : It seems to indicate either poverty of 
 style or carelessness when Pompey chooses here the same adjective 
 as in 1. 2 above, communi. 
 
 6. opem atque. auxilium ; auxilium is what affords support 
 in an action. Ops is what can be used for support in a situation. 
 
 7. Censeo . . . facias: I advise that you make the journey. 
 via Appia : ablative of route. 
 
 Brundisium : without a preposition, being the name of a city. 
 
 This letter of Pompey's as a specimen of literary style marks 
 the great difference between Pompey and Cicero. It is short and 
 plain, almost abrupt. Editors see in recognovi, 1. 1, illustration 
 of his poor choice of words, for a better word to express his idea 
 would have been agnovi. 
 
 SELECTION IX. 
 
 While Pompey was still gathering his army in Apulia, Domitius 
 and Vibullius and Lentulus had opposed Caesar's march to Rome 
 and were presently besieged by him at Corfinium. Pompey left 
 them to their fate, and on Feb. 20th Corfinium fell. Caesar took 
 no extreme measures against his captured enemies, but graciously 
 
p. 10, 1. 18] NOTES. 41 
 
 spared them. He proceeded at once with his army toward Brun- 
 disium to attack Pompey. On the march this letter to Cicero was 
 written. 
 
 Ciceroni Imp. : Caesar as well as Pompey recognizes Cicero as 
 imperator. 
 
 9. Furnium : C. Furnius was the friend of both Caesar and 
 Cicero and served at other times also as a messenger and perhaps 
 as an ambassador. He had come at this time to Caesar with a 
 letter, and as he was about to go south, he was available to carry 
 a letter to Cicero. Besides letters, such messengers brought verbal 
 reports and all the news. Caesar was truly in haste if he could 
 not take time to hear and talk to Furnius at leisure before sending 
 him on. 
 
 cum : concessive. In reading this sentence, although we might 
 feel the force of cum as perhaps temporal or causal until we came 
 to the word tamen, its character as concessive would then 
 appear. 
 
 tantum vidissem : only had a glimpse of. 
 
 10. neque . . . potuissem, properarem : The construction 
 would seem easier if cum, which governs properarem, were 
 repeated before it. 
 
 11. praeterire . . . quin scriberem : pass by the opportunity 
 of writing you. 
 
 12. illiun: i.e. Furnius. 
 
 13. gratias agerem : express my thanks. 
 
 14. imprimis: especially. 
 
 16. consilio, gratia, dignitate, ope: your advice, your in- 
 fluence, your position, and your assistance in all ways. 
 
 18. ignoBces: you will pardon. More familiar than the sub- 
 junctive or the imperative. 
 
 Ad propositimi revertar: To repeat; literally / will come 
 back to the matter I began with, i.e. his haste. 
 
 Caesar's style here is simple, graceful, elegant, and pleasing. 
 He maintains politeness of manner (ignosces), and in the choice 
 of words (consilio, gratia, dignitate, ope) he shows that sense of 
 literary discrimination which marks all his writings. 
 
42 NOTES. [P. 11,1. 2 
 
 SELECTION X. 
 
 Not only had Cicero, from the outhreak of hostilities, deliber- 
 ately maintained a position independent of both Pompey and 
 Caesar and yet friendly to both, in order to be of subsequent 
 service as mediator in the cause of peace, but he zealously 
 sought to render that service, as appears from this letter to 
 Caesar. 
 
 Page 11, 2. mecum agebas : entreated me. 
 
 ut . . . essem : that I should remain near the city. 
 
 uti : infinitive after velle. 
 
 3. minus sum admiratus : / was less surprised. 
 
 4. mecum ipse quaerebam : / asked of myself. 
 
 5. eam cogitationem, ut . . . arbitrares : to this opinion, 
 namely, that I thought you wanted to treat, etc. 
 
 8. rationem : purpose. 
 
 existimabam : I think. Epistolary tense, cf. note p. 3, 1. 12. 
 
 naturam . . . personam : The one refers to his native character, 
 the other to his assumed public character ; thus, the part I have 
 played. 
 
 10. tuendo : looking after ; taking into your consideration. 
 
 12. causam : purpose ; service. 
 
 14. auctor : advocate. 
 
 15. belli ullam partem attigi : had a hand in any portion of 
 the war. 
 
 19. ceteris auctor fui : advised others. 
 21. vos duo delegi quos : chosen you two as the ones. 
 Page 12. 3. in tuis : in the midst of your. 
 aliquid impertias temporis : spare a moment, temporis vv^ith 
 aliquid is partitive genitive. 
 
 4. ut . . . possim : how I can. Construed vv^ith cogitationi. 
 
 5. pius : Rarely well expressed in English by its etymological 
 equivalent pious. Here render it dutiful. 
 
 6. quae si, etc. : and even if these {requests., considerations) had 
 to do with me only. The relative clause v^^ill often be best translated 
 by an English clause beginning with "and" followed by the 
 demonstrative. 
 
 7. impetraturum : get by asking. 
 
r. 12, 1. 21] NOTES. 43 
 
 8. me . . . conservari : infinitive clause, the logical subject of 
 pertinet. 
 
 11. cum . . . tum : lohile I have already . . . yet when, etc. 
 
 Lentulo : P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, one of the opponents 
 of Caesar at Coi-finium, captured when the city surrendered and 
 generously set free. 
 
 saluti . . . fuisses : because you had been the means of preserv- 
 ing him who had been the means of preserving me. When Cicero 
 had read Lentulus' s glowing letter he felt that the same favor done 
 Lentulus had been practically done him. His wish now is that 
 Caesar will show favor to Pompey as well, so that he may be again 
 grateful. 
 
 SELECTION XI. 
 
 Caesar's army, meeting with no reverses, moved on to Brundismm 
 and laid close siege to the army of Pompey there. Although con- 
 fessedly inferior to Caesar in land forces, Pompey still held control 
 of the sea, and on March 17th, he abandoned Brundisium with all 
 his army and embarked for Greece to recruit new legions. Caesar 
 remained master in Italy. He could not induce Cicero to espouse 
 his cause, yet a friendly correspondence passed between them, 
 and Caesar even visited Cicero at Formiae to gain his adherence, 
 though without success. 
 
 Caesar's next move was to set out, in April, for Spain. Cicero 
 became convinced that at last he must give up the hope of a recon- 
 ciliation between Caesar and Pompey, and on the 7th of June, with 
 regret and misgiving, he set out for Greece to join that army which 
 he thought was the only one a patriotic citizen could join. 
 
 17. quod scriberem . . . nihil : nothing to write. 
 
 18. has litteras : this letter. Plural means but one, as so 
 frequently. 
 
 21. superioribus : literally, higher upon the list, hence earlier. 
 
 opes. vs. opem : resources vs. help. Caesar's own phrases in 
 which he used first the singular and on the later occasion the plural 
 are found in this text on p. 10, 1. 17, — ut tuo consilio gratia, 
 dignitate, ope omnium renim uti possim ; and p. 13, 1. 9, ut 
 tuis consiliis atque opibus, ut consuevi, in omnibus rebus 
 
44 NOTES. [P. 12, 1. 22 
 
 utor. Caesar's thought in the two passages is obviously not very- 
 different. By opibus he must have meant help in various direc- 
 tions, of influence, position, and ability. But opes also means 
 wealthy and with nothing more important to write Cicero perhaps 
 thought Atticus would see a joke in the contrast of the two 
 terms. 
 
 22. clementiam Corfiniensem : when Corfinium fell, Feb. 20th, 
 Caesar not only spared the lives of his captured enemies and set 
 them free, but he even returned to Domiti-us a sum of money 
 belonging to him which he had taken with the surrendered town. 
 Such clemency was in contrast to the brutality of Marius and Sulla. 
 It gave to many Romans some hope that all would not be lost if 
 Caesar conquered. Cicero even thought the occasion deserved a 
 letter of formal praise, which he wrote. It is Caesar's reply to this 
 letter of praise which Cicero is here quoting in full to his friend 
 Atticus. 
 
 23. hoc exemplo : in the following terms. 
 
 Page 13. 1. recte auguraris : rightly have you augured of 
 me. A future tense here in English, to match the Latin tense, would 
 make the expression seem a less ordinary one than as a matter of 
 fact it is in its Latin form. The Latin future perfect, however, is 
 accurate to express Caesar's thought ; literally, you will have divined 
 correctly about me ; for the correctness of Cicero's insight into the 
 character of Caesar is a thing determinable only by the test of 
 experience. Caesar, accordingly, means to say that every time his 
 character shall be reckoned up or thought over Cicero will find 
 himself (future) to have been right (perfect) in inferring on this 
 occasion that Caesar is not cruel. 
 
 5. dimissi : that is, Domitius and the rest, referred to in the 
 introductory note to Selection IX. 
 
 7. mei: for the case see A. & G. 385, C. 2 (234, d, 2); B. 204, 
 3 ; G. 359, r. 1 and 3, n. 4 ; H. 435, 4, n. (391, II. 4) ; HB. 339, c, n. 
 
 8. velim : subjunctive of modesty. 
 
 10. banc . . . gratiam : namely, the one just asked, Cicero's 
 presence in Rome ; for Dolabella would be sure to lend his influence 
 to that end. 
 
 11. adeo : further ; in addition. 
 
 12. humanitas : Dolabella's "gentleness," "feeling," and 
 
p. 13, 1. 17] NOTES. 45 
 
 "good- will" were doubtless not imaginary, but genuine. Such 
 qualities help to account for Tullia's continued affection for him 
 in spite of his extravagance and debauchery and all his ill treatment 
 of her. 
 is : such. 
 
 SELECTION XII. 
 
 Caesar speedily mastered the Pompeian forces in Spain and then 
 went to meet in Greece that army of Pompey which Cicero had 
 now joined. After an indecisive encounter at Dyrrachium the 
 forces met again at Pharsalus, Aug. 9th, 48 b.c, and Caesar was 
 overwhelmingly victorious. The remnants of Pompey's army 
 fled to Africa, where Pompey was murdered. Thither they were 
 pursued by Caesar, who was occupied now for a year in settling 
 affairs in the East. 
 
 Cicero himself was not at Pharsalus, having been kept at 
 Dyrrhacium by sickness. After the defeat he remained awhile 
 in Greece and then returned to Italy, where, on arriving at 
 Brundisium, in October, he found the town occupied by soldiers 
 of Caesar, and himself forbidden by Antony, Caesar's partisan, to 
 enter Italy. There he waited in peril and distress, until, in Sepf., 
 47 B.C., on the arrival of Caesar, he was at last given liberty to go 
 where he chose and went to Rome. 
 
 During the year at Brundisium his anxieties were many and his 
 comforts few. His fortune had gone into Pompey's cause. His 
 wife at Rome was guarding her own interests at the cost of his. 
 His daughter was troubled with an unhappy marriage. His brother 
 had become estranged. No wonder that during this year all his 
 letters were brief and compressed, as is the following. 
 
 14. 8. V. b. e. e. v. = si vales bene est ego valeo. 
 
 quid . . . quod . . . scriberem : somethintj to write. See note 
 on p. 12, 1. 17. 
 
 16. quae sint negotia : hoio things are. 
 
 17. Lepta, Trebatio : Among Cicero's friends who came down 
 to Brundisium to visit him were Lepta and Trebatius, who at about 
 the time of this letter had gone back to Rome. Perhaps one of 
 them carried the letter. 
 
46 NOTES. [P. 14, 1. 2 
 
 SELECTIOK XIII. 
 
 When Cicero felt free to leave Brundisium he journeyed back to 
 Rome. When less than halfway, as he stopped at his villa at 
 Venusia, he sends this letter ahead to Terentia. The Tusculan 
 villa he refers to was his favorite country house, high up on the 
 Alban mountains and within sight of Rome, eighteen miles away. 
 
 This is the last letter we have from Cicero to Terentia. Soon 
 after his arrival in Rome they were divorced, for reasons which we 
 do not fully know. Cicero for a time after his divorce refused 
 some proffers of rich and influential alliance, but he soon was 
 married again, this time to a rich young ward of his, Publilia. 
 
 Page 14. 2. ut sint omnia : let everything he. 
 
 3. diutius : for some time. The comparative indicates " a rather 
 long time." 
 
 4. labrum : a basin elevated about three feet, at the edge of 
 which the bathers stood and dipped the water. 
 
 ut sit : jussive, as ut sint in 1. 2. 
 
 SELECTION XIV. 
 
 At Rome and at his country estate at Astura for two years after 
 Caesar's victory Cicero lived chiefly in retirement. He maintained 
 polite intercourse with Caesar's friends, at whose dinner parties his 
 undying wit made him a welcome guest, despite his known political 
 views. He busied his mind with the writing of philosophical and 
 rhetorical works, producing at this time his Brutus, Paradoxa, 
 Orator, Partitiones, Consolatio, Hortensius, De Finibus, Academica, 
 Tusculanae Quaestiones, Timaeus, De Natura Deorum, and De 
 Senectute. 
 
 Paetus was a man of no great prominence, but he seems to have 
 shared Cicero's most earnest sentiments toward the republic and 
 toward Caesar. Like others of his class, bearing the overthrow 
 of the republic very hard, Paetus had doubtless been reproaching 
 Cicero, in other letters, for his apparent gayety in such mournful 
 days of the state. The witty letter of Paetus, over which Cicero 
 tells us he laughed, is not preserved. 
 
p. 15, 1. 6] NOTES. 47 
 
 9. scurram velitem : The scurra veles, literally clown-soldier^ 
 would be the butt of the camp, on whom everybody was entitled 
 to play practical jokes and unload abuse. 
 
 malis oneratum : loaded with abuse. 
 
 10. illud : referring to the clause in apposition with it, me . . . 
 nou potuisse. 
 
 ista loca : especially Paetus's villa. 
 
 11. constitueram : had arranged. 
 
 non hospitalem sed contubernalem : not a formal quest but 
 a boon companion. 
 
 18. promulside : with the first course. 
 
 14. conficere : finish ; do up. 
 
 ad ovum : The dinner commonly had three divisions : first the 
 gustus^ gustatio, promulsis, consisting of eggs, oysters, fish, etc. ; 
 second, the cena proper, with several substantial dishes, as for 
 instance assum vitulinmn ; third, the mensae secundae, of dessert 
 and fruit. 
 
 integram . . . affero : / start the meal with no dyspeptic appetite. 
 
 assmn vitulinum : veal roast. 
 
 Page 15. 1. Ula. mea. : those characteristics of mine. 
 
 4. de dicenda in senatu sententia : speech-making in the 
 senate. 
 
 commentationem causarum : preparation of cases. 
 
 5. Epicuri castra : Epicurus taught that true pleasure is for 
 all mankind the greatest good. He thought it was gained by 
 cultivating a peaceful, kindly, just, independent, contented spirit. 
 He was, accordingly, of temperate habits, even abstemious, com- 
 monly spending for dinner but half the sum usual for a laborer. His 
 followers, however, who had elaborated the art of cookery, often, 
 in the pursuit of pleasure, ran into a self-indulgence which was no 
 part of Epicurus's practice or teaching. It was their excesses 
 which in Cicero's time had come to be looked upon, perhaps 
 unfairly, as the prime characteristic of "Epicurus's camp." 
 
 adversari : because Cicero assumed to be an eclectic philosopher 
 rather than an Epicurean. 
 
 6. ad : in the direction of. 
 
 banc : this, i.e. which we see all about us. 
 insolentiam : excessive indulgence. 
 
48 NOTES. [P. 15, 1. 7 
 
 7. lautitiam : elegance. 
 
 veterem : former. Paetus had been impoverished in conse- 
 quence of the civil wars. Cicero therefore makes distinction 
 between his present state and his former lautitiam when lie had 
 money to spend, though Paetus never did have large estates. 
 
 dico : I speak of. 
 
 in sumptum : in and ace. expressing the purpose or object for 
 which. 
 
 habebas : here used absolutely = pecuniam habebas. 
 
 8. plura praedia : real estate, particularly farming land, was the 
 most reputable source of a Roman's income. 
 
 9. homine et edaci . . . et qui : your recko7iing is with a 
 man both voracious and a connoisseur. The descriptive clause 
 qui . . . intellegat is balanced with the descriptive adjective 
 edaci. 
 
 10. 6\|/i|ia06is : Gk. nom. pi. late learned. The bumptiousness 
 of overgrown pupils was proverbial to the ancients. Cicero is very 
 free with his use of Greek words and phrases, and even of quota- 
 tions from the Greek authors. All his literary friends knew the 
 Greek language and the Greek literature, and would understand 
 and recognize. Especially are the letters to Atticus full of Greek, 
 for he was the most Attic of all his Roman contemporaries. 
 
 11. insolentes : ill-bred, immodest. 
 dediscendae tibi sunt : you must unlearn. 
 
 12. sportellae : crackers and Jigs. The sportella was a little 
 basket in which clients were accustomed to carry away the portions 
 of food doled out by their patrons, frequently nothing more than 
 a little fruit and bread. The implication is that Paetus now habitu- 
 ally made his meal of such a slight portion. 
 
 ex arte ista : i.e. the art of fine cookery. 
 
 13. Verrium, Camillum : famous epicures. 
 
 14. vocare : invite. 
 
 15. Hirtio : Prince of good livers, a most discriminating epicure 
 was Hirtius. His fondness for the table was not inconsistent with 
 his character as substantial man of affairs in Rome. He was con- 
 sul, general, and author. We have preserved Bellum Gallicum, 
 Book VIII., which Hirtius wrote in continuation of Caesar's Com- 
 mentaries on the Gallic War. 
 
p. IG, 1. 9] NOTES. 49 
 
 16. pavone : A perverted taste, it seems, yet the peacock was 
 the masterpiece of Epicurean cookery. 
 
 17. iu8 fervens : hot sauce. 
 
 18. haec: as follows. 
 
 salutamuB : / greet at my house^ technical term ; cf. salutatio. 
 ID. bonos : for meaning, see note on p. 9, 1. 8. 
 
 20. perofflciose : peramanter : These rare words, formed with 
 intensive prefix per-, Cicero uses to express the rare and exceeding 
 degree of attention and regard which his former enemies were 
 manifesting him. 
 
 21. ubi . . . defliLsdt : when the stream . . . has flowed away. 
 
 22. involve : a picturesque term. 
 
 veniimt etiam qui : there come also those who. 
 Page 16. 2. te iacente : with you flat on your back. 
 comedim : eat you out of house and home. 
 3. ne aegroto quidem: not even ifyou^re a sick man. 
 
 SELECTION XV. 
 
 Sulpicius was made governor of Achaia by Caesar in 46 b.c. K 
 Hagesaretus was of Larisa in Thessaly, then he might easily have 
 had use for this letter of introduction to Sulpicius while the latter 
 was in Greece. 
 
 Servio : Servius Sulpicius Rufus, the most famous jurist of his 
 day, was Cicero's lifelong friend and political associate. Gaston 
 Boissier speaks of him as the most learned lawyer, perhaps, of any 
 time. 
 
 5. consulatu : If the reference is to Cicero's consulate, in 63 b.c, 
 then it could readily happen that the kindnesses spoken of took 
 place during Cicero's exile or his later journeys in Greece. It is 
 possible, however, that the consulate referred to is his proconsulate 
 in Cilicia in 51 b.c. It is interesting to observe how completely our 
 picture of Hagesaretus rests upon mere inferences, always of some 
 uncertainty. 
 
 9. necessitudine : intimacy. 
 
 pergratum mihi : The letter when sent was sealed with Cicero's 
 seal, and hence could not be opened until it reached the hands of 
 
50 NOTES. [P. 16, 1. 12 
 
 Sulpicius, so Cicero was in no danger of having this confidential 
 request to Sulpicius disclosed to Hagesaretus. It aids our sense of 
 the sincerity of the commendations in the letter to know that 
 Hagesaretus was not expected to know its precise terms. 
 
 SELECTION XVI. 
 
 Not long after the date of the previous letter to Paetus (Selection 
 XIV.), that gentleman received a visit from Balbus. Lucius Cor- 
 nelius Balbus was, and long had been, a right-hand man of Caesar. 
 Born in Spain, he had been given Roman citizenship for meritori- 
 ous services and had come to Rome to live. He had made himself 
 useful to Caesar and, like many another of Caesar's partisans, had 
 amassed a fortune. Later he often served Caesar as his financial 
 agent at Rome. 
 
 Cicero knew Balbus. Ten years before the date of this letter 
 he had defended him successfully against a charge of having gained 
 his citizenship illegally. Now, after the civil war, Cicero had come 
 back into intercourse with his foes of Caesarian stripe, and, like 
 Paetus, he was once more on terms with Balbus. 
 
 Paeto : the same L. Papirius Paetus of Selection XIV. 
 
 12. cum : concessive. 
 
 Balbus noster : my friend Balbus ; noster is used in Latin just 
 as " my friend " in English, with either sincere or ironical force. 
 
 13. istis municipiis : After Caesar's victory the fields and for- 
 tunes of all his enemies lay very much at his mercy. The disposi- 
 tion made -of such properties was varied. Those here referred to 
 (istis) seem to have been already the subject of mention between 
 Cicero and Paetus. 
 
 15. sciam : for the words see A. & G. 524, n. 2 (312, r.); B. 
 307, 2 ; G. 602 ; H.,585 (513, II. n. 1) ; HB. 504, 3, a. 
 
 17. de nobis futurum : what is to take place concerning myself. 
 
 18. ex quo : The antecedent of quo is the object, to be sup- 
 plied, of habuisti. 
 
 19. ebrio : Balbus seems to have had a well-known failing. 
 Page 17. 1. mi Paete : intimate form of address. 
 
 2. de luoro : as clear gain. After the overthrow of Pompey 
 
p. 18, 1. 4j NOTES. 51 
 
 and his army at Pharsalus, the lives of the defeated survivors, 
 Cicero among them, were at Caesar's mercy. Cicero, therefore, 
 reckons it clear gain to be living at all, after Pharsalus. 
 ' 3. rei publicae: The noun superstes is followed sometimes 
 by the objective genitive, sometimes by the dative- of the indirect 
 object. Which is this ? 
 
 4. deinde quod : After primum quia the change of conjunc- 
 tions makes variety in the style. 
 
 5. fiet enim : for there mill happen. 
 
 7. satis . . . quidquid conceditur : Stoic doctrine. 
 
 8. Veientem . . . agnim : Veil and Capena were about the 
 same distance from Rome as Tusculum, but in a different direction. 
 
 9. metiuntur : that is, preparatory to putting it up for sale. A 
 common means of converting captured territory into plunder for 
 the victors. 
 
 10. Tusculano : the Tusculan villa, Cicero's favorite estate. 
 
 11. semper: continually. 
 
 id : the antecedent is the preceding clause. 
   12. vivere : object of duzi. 
 
 13. pulcherrimum : predicate adjective. 
 duzi : have regarded. 
 
 non possum . . . diligere : I cannot do other than cherish. 
 
 14. cupiat esse rem publicam : desires the existence of a 
 republic. 
 
 16. quid faciat . . . habet : has not the power of causing it. 
 Even Great Caesar could not entirely be "better than his party." 
 
 17. longius : at too great length. 
 
 18. non modo me . . . scire : by the correlatives non modo 
 and sed the pronoun me is contrasted with ipsum quidem princi- 
 pem, so that ne in the clause with scire furnishes a negative for 
 both the contrasted subjects, me and principem. 
 
 19. principem : i.e. Caesar. 
 
 20. servimus : are slaves to. 
 
 24. solerem : with non quo, to express a rejected reason, 
 explorati . . . baberem : have no definite knowledge. 
 Page 18. 2. adscribam : add. 
 
 3. isto : i.e. which you speak of and fear. 
 
 4. cogitaxe: plan for. 
 
52 NOTES. [P. 18, 1. 6 
 
 SELECTION XYII. 
 
 In Feb., 45 B.C., occurred the death of his daughter, TuUia, 
 which was to Cicero the keenest grief of his life. He had been liv- 
 ing in retirement at Rome. He now withdrew to lonely Astura, 
 seeing nobody and given to meditation. His friends wrote him 
 letters of condolence ; some of them polite and formal, none more 
 deep and touching than that of Servius Sulpicius Rufus (Fam. IV, 5), 
 written from Athens, where Servius was governor. The following 
 letter is Cicero's reply to Servius. 
 
 6. ego : unusual and emphatic position. Yes, I do wish. 
 
 7. quantum . . . potueris . . . intellego, etc. : /or how much 
 you might have aided me if you had been present . . . I readily 
 see, etc. For the participle in place of a conditional clause see 
 A. & G. 521, a (310, a) ; B. 305, 1 ; G. 593, 2 ; H. 638, 2 (575, 9) ; 
 HB. 604, 3. 
 
 8. potueris is subjunctive of indirect question after intellego. 
 It is also the apodosis of the condition contrary to fact whose protasis 
 is implied in praesens. For the perf. indie, of possum in apodosis 
 of a condition contrary to fact, see A. & G. 517, c (308, c) ; B. 
 304, 3 ; G. 597, k. 5, c ; H. 583 (511) ; HB. 582, 3, a. 
 
 9. ez eo . . . quod : from this fact, namely, that. 
 
 litteris lectis : when I had read your letter. Ablative absolute 
 serving as temporal clause. 
 adquievi : was resigned. 
 
 11. possent: subjunctive of characteristic. See A. & G. 535 
 (320) ; B. 283, 2 ; G. 631, 1 ; H. 591, 1 (500, 1) ; HB. 515, 2. 
 
 me consolando : the task of consoling me. 
 
 12. adhibuisti : you have shown. 
 
 Servius tuus : your son Servius, who perhaps delivered the 
 letter to Cicero. It would have been a mark of great courtesy for 
 Servius to send from Athens his letter by the hand of his own son. 
 
 13. offioiis : services, attentions. 
 
 illi tempori : i.e. a time of mourning. 
 
 14. quanti . . . faceret : genitive of price. Subjunctive of 
 indirect question. 
 
 quam : how. 
 
 16. iucundiora : gratiora : more pleasant ; more grateful. 
 
p. 20, 1. 10] NOTES. 63 
 
 17. oratio tua : your words. 
 
 19. me non ita ferre : The clause is the subject of esse, to which 
 the predicate adjective turpe refers. 
 
 Page 19. 1. dolori : dative after a verb of resisting. 
 
 2. me : accusative after deficiunt. 
 
 4. magnis rebus gestis : ablative of quality ; equivalent to an 
 adjective "successful." The plural in this construction is some- 
 what uncommon. 
 
 7. eis temporibus fuerunt ut : lived in such times that. 
 
 10. maximls laborlbus adeptus eram : had won with the 
 greatest struggle. 
 
 12. rei publicae procuratione : public cases. 
 
 13. impediebantur : meditations checked. 
 
 14. ezistimabam : used to think. 
 id quod erat : as was the fact. 
 
 16. cum . . . cogitarem : Cicero was reflecting (cogitarem) 
 and subduing and compelling himself (frangerem, cogerem) for 
 the purpose of self-comfort, and it was while in these struggles that 
 he felt Tullia his place of refuge. 
 
 18. quo . . . ubi . . . cuius: Cicero has forgotten all sense 
 of rhetorical effect, and changes the figure from Tullia as a place 
 where (quo sc. loco) to a person (cuius) just as his thought ran. 
 
 20. hoc : ablative of means. 
 
 21. ilia : sc. volnera. 
 
 23. levaret : to relieve me. 
 
 24. ut in eius bonis adquiescam : to gain repose in its 
 blessings. 
 
 Page 20. 6. ezopto : intensive ; more than opto. 
 ante : adverbial, beforehand. 
 commentemur inter nos : plan over together. 
 
 7. qua ratione : on what basis. 
 nobis : dative of agent. 
 traducendum : spent. 
 
 8. accommodandum : must be adapted. 
 
 9. nee : employed regularly, rather than et non. 
 
 10. quod : refers to the fact of Caesar's friendliness just men- 
 tioned. 
 
 cum: concessive. 
 
54 NOTES. [P. 20, 1. 11 
 
 magnae deliberationis : genitive of quality. 
 11. quae ratio sit ineunda : the whole clause is appositional 
 to the subject of est. 
 
 SELECTION XVIII. 
 
 The growing, appearance of Caesar's tyranny led some of the 
 nobles who regarded themselves as patriots to conspire along with 
 some men of meaner motive for his murder, which they brought 
 to pass on March 15th, 44 b.c. Cicero had not been taken into 
 their counsels, and knew nothing of the plot until its denouement ; 
 but in Caesar's fall he saw the death of the tyranny and the resur- 
 rection of his own patriotic hopes, and in this letter to one of the 
 conspirators we see his outburst of joy. Why he should have writ- 
 ten this to Basilus, who was not a leader of the conspirators, we 
 should have little means of knowing, except that the style of 
 greeting in the letter shows him to be an intimate friend of Cicero. 
 
 13. tibi gratulor : this is a common expression, mihi gaudeo 
 very uncommon ; but the mihi balances the tibi and the gaudeo 
 the gratulor so strikingly that in Cicero's feeling of exhilaration 
 the unusual phrase was just the thing to occur to his mind. 
 
 mihi : dative of reference. 
 
 SELECTION XIX. 
 
 Cicero's cares for the state had not ruined his appetite, nor his 
 interest in his personal friends, nor in small points of the law. 
 
 Trebatio : the same Trebatius Testa addressed in Selections IV 
 and V. Having returned from his campaigning with Caesar a rich 
 man, as Boissier thinks, and no questions asked, he built a fine 
 house and lived well. Cicero was fond of going to dinner with 
 him, for he seems to have found spice and salt in his conversation 
 as well as in his viands. 
 
 15. inluseras: made f tin. 
 inter scyphos : over the glasses. 
 
 16. antea : i.e. before he became the heir. 
 
 Page 21. 1. furti agere: briiig an action for theft. Of course 
 a man who had been robbed would have a right to sue, but 
 
p. 21, 1. 9] NOTES. 55 
 
 the question is, could the heir properly claim any legal title to 
 property which the testator did not actually possess at the time 
 of his death. 
 
 bene potus : well primed. 
 
 2. seroque : almost any time after sundown was a late hour. 
 
 caput : chapter. 
 
 4. sensisse : sentio is to hold as a vieio or opinion, 
 
 6. Testae : that is, Trebatius himself. 
 
 SELECTION XX. 
 
 After the murder of Caesar the liberatores, as they called them- 
 selves, knew scarcely what next to do. Antony had rallied a por- 
 tion of Caesar's party, and now strove to assume Caesar's role. He 
 was consul and managed to secure the control of affairs for a time 
 in the city. His chief opponents, including Cicero, Decimus Brutus, 
 Marcus Brutus, and Cassius, thought best to leave Rome. The 
 senate presently appointed duties for M. Brutus and Cassius which 
 took them to Greece and Asia. 1). Brutus went to his province. 
 Cisalpine Gaul. At the end of August, Cicero returned to the city 
 from his retreat, and assumed open defiance of Antony. 
 
 Antony's opponents looked to Cicero as their best counselor. 
 He seemed to gain the powerful allegiance of Octavian, who had 
 returned to Rome as the heir of his uncle, Julius Caesar, and had 
 raised a strong personal following. He kept in touch with all the 
 republican leaders in the provinces. 
 
 Antony, when his term as consul was to expire, secured the allot- 
 ment of Cisalpine Gaul as his province. Cicero is statesman enough 
 to see the importance of keeping Antony from his province, and 
 in this letter to D. Brutus he urges that aim. 
 
 S. D. D. . . . desig. i.e. salutem dicit Decimo Bruto Impe- 
 ratori Consuli designato. 
 
 7. Lupus familiaris noster : our good friend Lxipiis. 
 
 8. quosdam dies : accusative of extent of time, for several days. 
 eis locis : Cicero had gone away to Puteoli. 
 
 9. tuto : adverb ; used in familiar style as a predicate with 
 esse. 
 
66 NOTES. [P. 21, 1. 11 
 
 eo factum : whence it happened. 
 
 11. CMrdiaBGt : provided for. 
 
 12. antiquius : of deeper claim. 
 
 15. ilia ... re : i.e. the dispatching of the tyrant. 
 
 19. illud . . . significandum videtur : I think I ought, how- 
 ever, to point out, briefly, this. 
 
 20. omnem spem : Cicero is putting it strongly in saying that 
 all the hope of recovering liberty rested upon D. Brutus, yet his 
 army was at this time the chief bulwark against Antony. 
 
 Page 22. 1. quod . . . certo scio : as I''m sure you do. 
 The phrase certo scio, / know for certain, came to be very much 
 weakened in force through very common use, and seems often to 
 mean no more than our colloquial 7'm sure. 
 
 obliviscere : fut. indie. 
 
 3. iste. Antony. 
 
 nactuB : gained possession of. 
 
 8. in perpetuum : for ever. 
 
 ut principiis : so that the end (of your effort and undertaking) 
 may match the beginning. 
 
 12. cum: causal. 
 
 14. ut tibi . . . pertinebunt : substantive clause expressing 
 the fuller sense of illud. 
 
 officia, studia, curas, cogitationes : due services, eager efforts, 
 careful attention, study of the situation. 
 
 16. me : subject of defuturum. The Mss. have another me 
 before tuis optimis, but that would be superfluous. 
 
 17. vita mea est carior : Either this is exaggeration or else it 
 is true. As a matter of fact, Cicero did stake his life on the cause 
 of the republic more than once. 
 
 18. faveam, velim : subjunctive in quod causal clause in indirect 
 discourse. 
 
 SELECTION XXI. 
 
 Antony besieged Decimus Brutus in Mutina. While the outcome 
 was still uncertain, Cicero writes to inform and instruct Trebonius. 
 
 Trebonio : Caius Trebonius had been Caesar's legate in Gaul 
 and his personal friend. He felt with the others, however, that 
 
p. 24, 1. 3J NOTES. 57 
 
 Caesar's tyranny was unbearable to patriots, and he was intrustea 
 for his part in the conspirators' undertaking, with the task of keep- 
 ing Antony away frora the scene in the senate house on the Ides of 
 March. 
 
 21. epiilas : tlie joke of calling that gathering at which Caesar's 
 life was consumed a banquet and Antony the leavings was perhaps 
 original with Cicero. At any rate he seems fond of it, for he 
 repeats it prominently in another letter (to Cassius, Fam. XII, 4). 
 
 22. Reliquiarum : Cicero thinks he would have had the foresight 
 to have counseled the death of Antony as well as Caesar. He does 
 not seem, however, to have suggested in the first letters after the 
 murder the advisability of having pursued that course. 
 
 Page 23. 1. els: sc. reliquiia: i.e. Antony. 
 
 3. quod vero : with regard to the fact. 
 
 4. quod : as. 
 
 9. in ore et eunore . . . habuisti : have ever spoken of and 
 approved. 
 
 11. pi. i.e. plebis. 
 
 deque alia re referrent : were bringing forward for discussion 
 another matter. 
 
 12. egique acerrime : went on very vigorously. 
 15. contentio atque actio : effort and deed. 
 
 17. tempus . . . agendi : opportunity of doing something. 
 
 19. actaque : A bulletin of public news was issued daily at 
 Rome. Citizens made copies to send to their friends abroad, and it 
 was common for prominent men to arrange for receiving the acta 
 regularly. 
 
 23. consularls : i.e. senators tcho have been consuls. 
 male sentientes : ill disposed. 
 
 24. Servio : Servius Sulpicius Rufus (see note p. 10, heading), 
 who had been sent on an embassy to Antony and had died. 
 
 2'). avunculus : he was the uncle of Antony. 
 
 27. puer Caesar : Octavianus, heir by adoption of Julius Caesar. 
 
 spero reliqua : Others as well as Cicero had at this time very 
 great hope in Octavian, though later it was shattered. 
 
 hoc . . . habeto : and at least be certain of this. 
 
 Page 24- 3. is . . . terror: i.e. the fear afforded by the suc- 
 cess of Octavian in winning over the two legions here referred to. 
 
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 BOOKS FOR COLLEGE USE. 
 
 A I^atln Composition, for College use fl.OO 
 
 Tart 1, based on Livy .60 
 
 Part II, based on Cicero .60 
 
 Hy Walter Miller, A.M., Leland Stanford Junior University. 
 
 Atlas Antiqas 2J50 
 
 Hy Dr. IIknry Kiepert, M.B. Acad. Berlin. 
 
 Cicero, De Amicllla .60 
 
 I)e Senectute .60 
 
 " Do AmiciUaetDe Senectute (1vol.) 1.05 
 
 Single numbers, text only, paper .25 
 
 De Amicitia et De Senectute U vol.) text only, paper Mi 
 
 By ("has. E. Bennett, A.M., Cornell University. 
 
 Cicero, De Oratore, Book I 1.00 
 
 Text only, paper .25 
 
 By W. B. Owen, Ph.D., Lafayette College. 
 
 Greek and Roman Mythologry 1.00 
 
 By Karl P. IIarbinotos, A.M., University of Maine, and Herbert 
 C. Tolman, Ph.D.. Vanderbilt University. 
 
 Greek and Roman Mythologry. Paper .40 
 
 Horace, Odes and E[KKles 1.30 
 
 Text only, paper .25 
 
 By Pai'l Shoret, Ph.D., Chicago University. 
 
 Horace, Satires and Epistles 1.20 
 
 Text only, paper .25 
 
 By James H. Kirkland, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University. 
 Horace, Odes, Epodes, Satires, and Epistles. 
 
 Shorey- Kirkland 1.76 
 
 Text only, paper .40 
 
 Livy, Book I (i)ai>er) .80 
 
 " BooksXXI, XXII 1.05 
 
 Text onlv, paper .25 
 
 " Books 1,'XXI, XXII 1.20 
 
 Text only, paper .40 
 
 By John K. Lord, Ph.D., Dartmouth College. 
 
 Nepog, Lives of (vrith vocabularj') .90 
 
 " Lives of (without vocabulary) .75 
 
 Text only, paper .26 
 
 Edited for rapid reading by Isaac Fi^aoo, Ph.D., the University c/ 
 California. 
 
 riaatufl, Captlvl. Paper .80 
 
 By Grove E. Babbkb. A.M., the University of Nebraska. 
 
 Plautus, Menaechml $1.08 
 
 Text, paper .25 
 
 By Harold N. Fowlbb, Pu,D., Western Reserve University. 
 
{Continued from page 3 of Cover.) 
 
 Pliny, Select Letters. Paper .80 
 
 By Samuel Ball Platner, Ph.D., Western Reserve University. 
 Sallust, Catiline, with vocabulary 1.00 
 
 " " without vocabulary .15 
 
 " " paper .40 
 
 By Chas. G. Herbermann, Ph.D., College of the City of New York. 
 
 Tacitus, Agricola and Germania 1.00 
 
 Text, paper .25 
 
 By A. G. Hopkins, Ph.D., late Hamilton College. 
 Terence, Adelphoe (paper) .30 
 
 By William L. Cowles, A.M., Amherst College. 
 
 Terence, Phorraio 1.00 
 
 Text, paper .25 
 
 By Herbert G. Elmer, Ph.D., Cornell University. 
 
 The Private I,ife of tlie Romans 1.00 
 
 " " " " (paper) .40 
 
 By Harriet Waters Preston and Louise Dodge. 
 Talerius Maximus, Fifty Selections (paper). .30 
 
 By Charles L. Smith, A.M., late College of New Jersey. 
 
 Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana, Book II 1.00 
 
 Text, paper .25 
 
 By Frank E. Eockwood, A.M., Bucknell University. 
 
 Announcement of New Books in the Students' Series for College Use. 
 
 Catullus, Selections based upon the edition of Eiese. By Thomas B. L^indsay, 
 Ph.D., Professor in Boston University. 
 
 Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, Books I and II. By Professor Peck. 
 
 Cicero, Select Letters based in part upon the edition of Siipfle-BOckel. By Pro- 
 fessor Pease. 
 
 Gellius, Selections. By Professor Peck. 
 
 Hand-book of Latin Synonyms. By Mr. Miller. 
 
 Juvenal, Satires. By James C. Egbert, Jr., Ph.D., Adjunct Professor, and 
 Nelson G. McCrea, Ph.D., Instructor in Columbia University. 
 
 tiUcretius, De Eerum Natura, Book III. By W. A. Merrill, Ph.D., Professor 
 in the University of California. 
 
 Martial, Selections. By Charles Knapp, Ph.D., Professor in Barnard College. 
 
 Petronius, Cena Trimalchionis, based upon the edition of Bucheler. By W. E. 
 Waters, Ph.D., late President of Wells College. 
 
 Quintilian, Book X and Selections from Book XII, based upon the edition of 
 Kriiger. 
 
 Seneca, Select Letters. By E. C. Winslow, A.M. 
 
 Tacitus, Annals, Book I and Selections from Book II, based upon the edition of 
 Nipperdey-Andresen. By E. M. Hyde, Ph.D., Professor in Ursinus College. 
 
 Tacitus, Histories, Book I and Selections from Books II-V, based upon the 
 edition of Wolff. By Edward H. Spieker, Ph.D., Professor in Johns Hop- 
 kins University. 
 
 TibulluB and Propertius, Selections, based upon the edition of Jacoby. By 
 Henry F. Burton, A.M., Professor in the University of Rochester. 
 
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 BOSTON, U. S. A.