A VINDICATION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FRENCH 
 
 EMIGRANTS
 
 A 
 
 VINDICATION 
 
 THE FRENCH EMIGRANTS, 
 
 AGAINST 
 
 >cfamato$ proclamation 
 
 CIRCULATED 
 
 UNDER THE NAME OF AMNESTY, 
 
 *6*7; APRIL, 1802, 
 
 ay NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE', ALIAS BONAPARTE, 
 
 F R OM AJACIO, IN CORSICA, STILING HIMSELF 
 
 THE GOVERNMENT OF FRANCE. 
 
 tJTranflateS from tfce 
 
 t 
 
 DUBLIN: 
 
 PRINTED BY J6HN EXSHAW, 98, GRAFTON-STREET,
 
 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 The Tranflator has taken the liberty, to 
 fubjoin a few Notes, not in the original publica- 
 tion, in order to make the paflages to which they 
 refer, more explanatory. 
 
 E. S. L. 
 
 1063156
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 ABOUT twelve months have now elafped 
 flnce the following pages were fi-rft compofed ; 
 a fhort time after the publication of a pamphlet 
 circulated under the name of " Amnefty," againft 
 the King of France and his faithful fubjeds, by 
 the Ufurper of his Throne, and the deftroyer of 
 the liberties of his people. I was on the point 
 of publifhirig them, convinced of the right which 
 every man has to exculpate himfelf before thofe 
 by whom he is accufed, The legitimate exer- 
 cifc, however, of this incontefuble right I had to 
 conciliate with other duties. The Government 
 under which I lived did net corduci itfclf to- 
 wards the French Rovalifts, with humanity and 
 juflice alone, but extended to them its generofity 
 and bour.ry. Gratitude impafed on me. 
 
 The invett rate enemy of England, fought but for 
 a pretext to break a peace, of which he would 
 have made no other ufe but to prepare for a new 
 war. I conceived it, therefore, to be my duty, 
 not to furnifh him with an excuie by the diffu- 
 fion of a writing of this nature, This confidera- 
 tion, however no longer exifb; and, I am at li- 
 berty to defqnd the facred caufe of my Sovereign 
 and of nil legitimate Sovereigns, with as much 
 opennefs, as it has been attacked by theOppreflbr 
 of the French People, and the Difturber of the 
 jepofe of Europe,
 
 OF 
 
 THE FRENCH EMIGRANTS, 
 
 c. &c. 
 
 X 1 ORCE has given you the power of defaming 
 .your enemies by proclamations. When procla- 
 mations became calumnious, thofe againft whom 
 they are directed, are authorized, both by divine 
 juftice and natural equity to repel them. The 
 proclamations themlelves frequently exacl: the 
 duty. The force, by which you retain all your 
 rights, does not permit me to bring you before a 
 court of juftice : The tribunals which fhould 
 judge between you and me, have been deftroyed 
 by the faclion of which you have made yourfelf 
 the prefident, and thofe with which you have 
 fubftituted them, are of your appointment, made 
 up of ,your creatures, and in fome meafure your 
 accomplices. Sufpicion, therefore, is reafon- 
 ably attached to their impartiality. Were they 
 not under your immediate domination, faith 
 might yet be repofed in them, I except, how- 
 ever, your fpecial military commiilions, which, 
 
 instituted
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 inftituted by -you, ' Pour fujiller, fcrupuloufly dif- 
 tharge the duties of their fituation. For want 
 of a competent tribunal, I rely with confidence 
 on every honeft man not dependent on you. 
 3n accufing me by a public a<5t, you have made 
 the public a judge. I accept the tribunal. We 
 fhall appear before it, you with your fuccefs, 
 me with my misfortunes. Juflice will pronounce 
 on which fide is the crime or the duty. 
 
 ** Tout vous a reufli : qui Dieu voyc et nous jugel" 
 
 ATHAI.IZ. 
 
 To the defamatory proclamations which you 
 have circulated, you have affixed your name. 
 If my defence is anonymous, it is not from dread 
 of you no, your faction has already afflicted 
 me, with every misfortune, which man can 
 poiiibly experience. It has deprived me of my 
 country, my family, and my property. My coun- 
 try. 1 Thirty millions of Frenchmen, oh fhame ! 
 are flaves of a Corfican adventurer ; alternately 
 the fatellite of Robefpierre, and of Barras. 
 Saeceftively an Atheift in the national inftitute, 
 a Muffulman at Cairo, and a Catholic at Paris. r 
 My family!- part of them, have been murdered 
 Ivy the villains that you have ferved ; my wife 
 has perifhecl by a feries of long imprifonnients; 
 my children live it is true, but they are orphans 
 though their father ftill exifts. My property! It 
 has been 1\vailowed up, with all other property, 
 in this vaft abyfs, by the infatiable avarice of 
 thofe, your former matters, now your fubje&s. 
 Under fuch afflictions, could I not then, without 
 merit, expefe myfelf to the vengeance even of a 
 Corfican. But my name is ufelefs to my juftifi- 
 catiou, an individual 1'ttle known, of a nume- 
 rous and refpe&able clafs of men, to whom you 
 fcave dared to offer your infamous clemency. 
 
 What
 
 What you term their crime*; are mine. Mr 
 caufe is theirs, and their juftification hall be 
 mine. 
 
 Your flatterers (for flattery always attend* 
 tyranny) your cowardly flatterers, will require 
 of me perhaps, why, refolved to rejed with 
 difdain your infolent amnefty, I am not con- 
 tent to live tranquilly under the banifhment 
 which I prefer to your pretended clemency, 
 without attacking by ufclefs complaints, the Cyrus, 
 the Alexander, ths C^far^ (they have omitted to 
 fay the Attlla) of his age. If they were bat 
 your Haves 1 would pity them. Virtue may one 
 day relieve them of their chains 1 they are your 
 flatterers. I will not degrade myfelf by anfwer- 
 ing them. But, I will declare to the hofpi- 
 tablc nation, that offers an afylum to every 
 honefl man loaded with misfortunes, as well a* 
 to the barbarous nation who repels him, li If I 
 " were ftill in the midft of my countrymen, 
 " furrounded by my peers, thirty years of an 
 " irreproachable life, would render my apology 
 " fuperfiuous. But I will prove that it is not a 
 " criminal your gecerofity receives, or that your 
 " inhumanity repels. 1 am accufed publicly: 
 *' niy juftification fhall be public. Serioua 
 ' crimes are imputed to me. 1 will prove 
 ' that thofe who impute them, are the very 
 " people to whom their commiilion is to be 
 * attributed. To convince you of it, it will 
 ' fuffice, to call to your recollection brief!} 
 c principal events which have . forced me lo 
 c abandon my country, and which have forced 
 ' me to take up arms, not againft her, I: at 
 e againft that feries of abjedt and. e^ec: 
 tyrants, who have fuccefiiveiy oj preifed aud 
 " dilhonourcd her." 
 
 When
 
 When the fpirit of fedition and revolt, which, 
 for fome years, had manifefted itfelf in France, 
 broke out in the year 1789, the Bourbon Family 
 had reigned there during a period of eight 
 hundred years without interruption, without hav- 
 ing its rights to govern, once difputed by in- 
 terior or exterior oppofition. A fimilar duration 
 of uninterrupted Sovereignty, was unknown in 
 the hiftory of the world. It evidently marked 
 with the feal of rebellion every fa6tion which 
 would pretend to overturn it, otherwife we muft 
 renounce the idea of a legitimate Government 
 as an abfurd COB fide ration. This race, in which 
 the nation juftly prided itfelf, and which it now 
 generally regrets (for you would deceive your- 
 felf, if you miftook for its general fentiment, the 
 adulations of your fenate, of your tribunate, your 
 council d'Etat, and your prefects, &c. among 
 whom you have divided, and from whom you 
 take alternately the fpoils of France) this race 
 I fay, was conftantly occupied in the happinefs 
 of the people; and, had incefiantly laboured on, 
 a plan, which had the addrefs to conceal its ob- 
 ject from thofe which might have had the power 
 to difpute it. It created commons and boroughs 
 throughout its domains, an example, which the 
 great vaflals immediately followed in theirs; aim- 
 ing always at its cbjecl but advancing with wif- 
 -dom, it had fuccefii vely augmented the privileges 
 of this numerous and ufeful clais. In 1302 it 
 was united to the national afTemblies, and by 
 that means placed on a level with the other two 
 orders of the ftate. In convincing them of the 
 neceiTity of confenting to every law and tax, it, 
 iecured its independence and gave to it the 
 power of maintaining and extending its rights, 
 tlncier the tutelary protection and benevolence 
 of the kings of this race were raifed, thofe nu- 
 merous,
 
 Hierous, -and once flourifhirig cities, now irn- 
 poverifhed, with which France was covered, and 
 which furnifhed to it, as well as to a great part of 
 Europe, the products of every art, with which 
 civilization is connected. 
 
 The defendant of fo many monarchs, was a 
 religious, juft, and economical prince; an enemy 
 to oftentation, a man devoted to the affairs of his 
 country, a good parent, a kind relation, an ex- 
 cellent hufband,and poffeffed of all the virtues for 
 which an individual is diftinguifhed among his 
 equals, without being tainted by a Jingle vice. 
 His enemies, even his afTainns have not dared to> 
 charge him with one. This prince was proved 
 by a reign of fifteen years. He re-eftablifhed the 
 maritime power of France. He fupported the 
 caule of the American Rebels againft their Sove- 
 reign it is true, but that was owing to the decep- 
 tion of his pernicious mimfters, and the fpirit of 
 the age in which he lived. Victorious in this 
 war, he concluded it with a degree of moderation, 
 with which his heart was overpowered. This very 
 moderation, however, did not prevent him pro- 
 tecting the independence of Bavaria, and the 
 republic of Holland, againft an ambitious fove- 
 reign, whom he loved as a relation, but whom he 
 knew how to rule with firmnefs without giving 
 offence. Of his own free will, while he was ftill 
 
 oying, without reclamation, the plenitude of 
 his power and authority, he aboliihed the pain of 
 death againft delerters, the torturing of criminals, 
 and in fhort the perfonal 'main mortc, the greateft 
 abufe of the foedal fyftem. During^the courfe of 
 his reign net a iingle individual was tried by a 
 fpecial comrnifiion ; whilft under your govern- 
 ment, there is fcarce a judgment but what is pro- 
 nounced by a ccnimiffion of this nature; and, 
 \vhes the villains, called from every part of the 
 
 C country,
 
 { IO ) 
 
 country to affift in the work of rebellion, forced the 
 gates of the baftile, they difcovered there but five 
 prifoners, for whom the very prifon was a pardon, 
 for they almofl all merited death. At this day 
 the temple (A) and numerous other flate prifons 
 abound with victims whom your dark and reillefs 
 jealoufy daily confine there, although they are 
 from, time to time emptied by numerous tranf- 
 portations to the mofl remote and unwholefome 
 countries in the univerfe (B). Which lot is the 
 more cruel to experience ? An immediate death 
 under the guillotine, as in the period in which 
 Robefpierre lived, or to feek a gradual and la- 
 mentable death 2000 leagues from one's own 
 country under his pupil Buonoparte ? The taxes 
 were then moderate at prefent the inhabitants 
 of France have to pay, exclufive of the antient 
 impofitions, which you have re-ena&ed, exorbi- 
 tant duties for roads, for flamps, for regiftering, 
 for windows, for patents, and a number of other 
 taxes unknown under the monarchy. No branch 
 of the ad mi nift ration, either civil or military, was 
 ever neglecled the liberty of the fubjecl was 
 reipecled, the enrolments were free, the yonng 
 men were not dragged to arms, under the title of 
 liberty, as they are at prefent under the confuiate 
 the enrolment of the militia exifled but for fix 
 rears ; neither were thofe to whofe lot it fell, and 
 \vho were permitted to find fubftitutes, removed 
 from their homes and occupations. The police 
 ellablifhment was brought to a degree of perfec- 
 tion, unkncuvn in any other part of the world; 
 and for which there was no neceffity, as at pre- 
 fent, to have rocourfe to 20,000 gendarmes, who 
 are fo IIKUI.V keepers of the peace, inveiled with 
 .'iont\, with rims in their hands, to make as 
 ma.iy do viius as their fancy dire&s, and 
 
 nu'ht and day arrefl the citizens even in the arms 
 
 of
 
 ( II ) 
 
 of their wives: soco cavalry were fufficient for 
 the purpofe. In one word, fubjeclion under the 
 kings had every appearance of liberty, while that 
 which you dare to term liberty, has every fymp- 
 tom of flavery. From the regret which feemicgly 
 pervaded the minds of the French, for want of 
 the antient national aflemblie?, but which had 
 been fufpended i 74 years, Louis XVI. affembled 
 the moft refpedtable perfons of his realms, to con- 
 fuk them on this moft important fubject. He was 
 guided entirely by their wifh : he convoked the 
 ftates-general he afiimilated the form of this 
 aflembly to that which the innovators reprefented 
 as moft deiirable for his people. If he commit- 
 ted an error, in deviating from the antient forms 
 of monarchy ; it was not the part of thof'e by 
 whofe admonition he acted, to punifh him for the 
 conduct he obfervecL 
 
 The ftates-generil reftored to their former 
 fundlions that had been fufpended for 174 years, 
 it was but natural to expect, that the firft act of 
 this body would have be^n to throw themfelves at 
 the feet of a fovereign, whofe benevolence had 
 furpaflfed that of Titus and Antoninus, to exprefs 
 to him their acknowledgments for the numerous 
 and elFential fervices he had rendered to his peo- 
 ple ; and to manifeft their zeal to affift him in 
 the projects he had in view for the public felr- 
 citv ? No ! for fo much goodnefs, and for fo 
 many virtues as he poffeffed, they repaid him by 
 a revolt without motives, and without pretext. 
 After frequent difputes, the members of this, 
 affembly obtained, with the affiftance of the vil- 
 lains in their pay, a form of deliberation, which 
 fecured their projects. After having armed the 
 inhabitants of the country, they effected a mafla- 
 cre and deft ruction of the entire of France they 
 dragged the king and his family to Paris they 
 
 ftripped
 
 C i* ) 
 
 Gripped him of his title, the rights of. which were 
 too well founded to fubftitute a new title, the 
 eftabliihing the fignification of which they re- 
 ferved to themfelves. They forced the princes 
 of the blood to fly from a country, where their 
 exiftence was in a ftate of infecurity ; they effect- 
 ed a revolt among the troops ; they prepared the 
 overthrow of religion by the introduction of 
 fchifm by degrading its minifters in the eyes of 
 their laity by pillaging the churches, and even 
 the very afylums which .chriftian charity had 
 opened for the poor and infirm, and which it had 
 endowed with its own alms. Thole worthy 
 patriots whom you have fo faithfully ferved, ex- 
 tended their rage fo far as to defire to murder this 
 excellent prince and his queen in their palace. 
 He efcaped death, but to become the prifoner of 
 this rebel faction ; who from that period em- 
 ployed his name, but as a mean of destroying his 
 "authority. lu their fury they abolifhed even 
 their own title, in rejecting with difdain the in- 
 junctions of the primary affemblies who had cre- 
 ated them, and to which, adhering to the forms 
 of the French government, they had fworn to 
 conform. It was thus, that after having revolted 
 againft the monarch who chofe, them, they de- 
 ferted the nation who returned them ; and from 
 an aiTembly whofe decFfions were legal, became 
 a conventicle of individual conipirators. 
 
 Obliged to choofe between my legitimate fove- 
 reign and that factious and perjured aiTembly, 
 who had committed fo many crimes in ib fhort a 
 time who had caufed or prepared all the misfor- 
 tunes with which France and Europe are afflicted 
 
 between the virtuous Louis the XVI. aud the 
 
 bale villains who had revolted againft him ; be- 
 tween fo many reipeclable citizens on the one 
 part, and fo many detefted names with which I 
 
 fee
 
 fee you furrourjded on the other ; between the 
 religion of (Thrift, and the doctrine of the ican- 
 dalous Mirabeau, fb baiely vicious, that even his, 
 taleu's could not palliate his turpitude. Obliged 
 to choofc, lay I, was I rebel and criminal in de- 
 fending my king, the laws of my country, my 
 "religion ? Were you innocent and faithful in 
 lerving thole, who aflaiTinated their monarch 
 who overturned the conftitutiou of their country 
 - who corrupted the manners of the people 
 and who deftroycd the very altars, which you 
 now pretend to reftore ? If you are fincere to 
 day, you were then furely criminal ; and it is by 
 your repentance, it is in making of your momen- 
 tary power, the practice which juftice points out, 
 and not by an amnefty, that you fhould endea- 
 vour to efface from the minds of men, the ftigma 
 attached to you. Such conduct alone can elevate 
 you above your falfe grandeur. At the period to 
 which I allude, which party incurred every tor- 
 ture that divine and human juftice could inflict ? 
 Which party could confider an amnefty as it? 
 greateft, its only hope ? Ah ! it is but too well 
 known, that the conviction of their crimes and 
 the defpair of obtaining a pardon, forced your 
 former matters, and all thole who like you, dif- 
 tinguifhed themfelves in their fervice, to commit 
 additional crimes, more horrible (till, than thofc 
 by which they were preceded. 
 
 To this afTembly deligned Conjlituante which 
 laboured fyftematically to corrupt human nature, 
 wh'o eftablifhed the crime en droit, fucceeded a let 
 of men lefs criminal, though more vile, and more 
 brutal. The afTembly alluded'to was named the 
 Legi/latrve djjembly. This affemblage of obfcure 
 villains, indignant that their predeceflbrs fhould, 
 through perfonal motives, fet bounds to their 
 crimes.; in a fhort time relieved themfelves of the 
 
 burden
 
 burden of this abfurd conftitution the Conftiluet 
 worthy daughter of the Conjtituent revolted 
 againft her parent. Their feparation might have 
 prelerveci France. The world was nearly loft by 
 their alliance. The cunning and perverfity ob- 
 ferved by the one, together with the favage bru- 
 tality of the other gave rife to the Convention. 
 This monfter, at its birth, inverted itfelf like its 
 predecefTors and lucceffors, without exempting 
 the Confulate, with the unlimited right, to com- 
 mit every crime from which it could derive 
 advantage. 
 
 Snch was the new fovereign you acknowledged. 
 If I had been a rebel formerly, you were fo at 
 this period. For if the Confiittient AJfembly was 
 authorized to grant an obligatory constitution to 
 France, why did you ferve with fo much zeal 
 this Qotovettfion, which had juft overthrown the 
 conflitution, which you had fworn to fupport, 
 not en the blood of its authors, (that would have 
 been but juft) but in the blood of more than five 
 Iran d red priefts or pontiffs, who, faithful to the 
 lellbns of their Divine mailer, called upon Hea- 
 ven to amend the hearts of their affaflins ;. in the 
 Mood of more than eight thoufand refpe&able 
 citizens of every age and fex, fuddenly impri- 
 foued, or flickered, but in vain, in the moft 
 fecret places, and murdered by ferocious brutes, 
 who never heard their names pronounced ; in 
 fhort, iii the blood of thofe brave and loyal foreign- 
 ers (i) aflembled under the religion of treaties, 
 and the law of hofpitality, to ihare with her own 
 offspring in defence of France; and who were 
 but to repel force by force, and to defend 
 againft thoufands of afiaflins, the palace of our 
 Kings, confided to their care by the very law 
 
 (i) The Swifs Guards. 
 
 then
 
 ( '5 ) 
 
 then in exiftence ah! I would have been a rebe* 
 againft nature, and againft my country, in ferv- 
 ing thofe execrable monfters, who have deftroy- 
 ed the one and difhonoured the other ; I a&ed 
 virtuoufly and faithfully in taking up arms 
 agaiuft them, under the banners of the principal 
 powers of Europe, whom the inftin& of huma- 
 nity armed againft fo many crimes. Happy- 
 would it have been, if, forgetting ancient difTen- 
 tions and contemptible interefts, they had 
 ftifled the recollection and the example of thefe 
 crimes in the blood of their principal authors! 
 
 You were then rebel to your King ! you were 
 afterwards rebel to the conflitution, to which you 
 had Iworn at the feet of the Conftituent Afemkly* 
 to be faithful, but I will do you the juftice to 
 affirm, that you were faithful to the Coiroenthn. 
 
 I could difpenfe with reminding my country- 
 men, of the crimes committed by this aflembly, 
 in which Robefpierre and Marat, ftruggling in 
 crimes, difputed the fupremacy, until the former 
 war v'elivered of his rival by the poignard of 
 Charlone Corday. Their crimes are engraved 
 iword and fire in impreffions not to be 
 c .iced from one corner of France to the other. 
 But, hen I fee the ufurper who has fo faithfully 
 f' '- . this convention, furrounded by, and iu 
 his very confidence, men, who were the moft 
 fig;ial in the bofom or fervice of this mixture of 
 : demons; viz. a Fottche, " qui niitrailloit en maffi>"(2} 
 at Lyons to celebrate the deftru&ion of Toulon, 
 and the flaughter of its inhabitants, become 
 your principal minifter (for your very exigence 
 depends upon his information) and iele&ed by 
 you to be the medium through which you pro- 
 
 (2) Mitrailier figaifies to flxoot with grape-Hiot. 
 
 claim
 
 claim tour feigned clemency to the ncYims who 
 have efcaped his murderous hands; a karrere, 
 formerly a member of the committee of afTaili- 
 nation, called the committee du falut public, a 
 long time your agent with the French nation, 
 which afterwards profecuted him with fo much 
 bitternefs; a Brunc, a Jourdan, viceroy of Pied- 
 mont, and many others of your privy council 
 a Jean-de-Bry, the prefent governor of one of 
 your provinces, and lately a colonel of the legion 
 of Regicide, lince accufed by the voice of the 
 nation, of the affaffination of his own colleagues 
 at Ra.dftadt ; a crime the commiflion of which 
 he hid the affurance to inlinuate againft the 
 victorious hero (3), who fo long rendered doubt- 
 ful the glory of the French arms, 1 conceive it 
 to be my duty for the fafety of my country, to 
 point out to it the leading crimes of this facYion, 
 with the remnant of which you are lurrounded, 
 to be the inftruments of your domination. 
 
 The King, the Qn/eii, his Siller, his Son an 
 infant of eight years, all perifhed by a frightful 
 death. Our Saviour on the Crois prayed for 
 mankind, Louis XVI. his image, if the image of 
 the Lamb without ftain, can be found among 
 men, prayed for his people. His daughter, 
 whole very name foftens every heart, and raifes 
 it againft your ufurpaiion, efcaped from prifon, 
 only from the neceiiity which exifted of redeem- 
 ing the villain Dronct (4) ; the very fiift man, 
 who raifed his hand againft her father. The 
 afhcs of the worft of men repofe tranquilly in 
 the grave their friends can daily moiften them 
 
 (3) The Archduke Charles. 
 
 (4) Urouc-t was poft-rnalicr of Varrenc, and was the perfon who 
 recogniftd the km^, and prevented bis efbape from France. 
 
 with
 
 with-their-tears. Your fovereig-ns at that period 
 violated the peace of tombs, and the manes of fo 
 many kings were difper.fed by their impious rage. 
 Their noble race, the rnoft. antient in the known 
 world, was baniihed its native foil, upon which 
 it had reigned fje ? ar nine cehturies (C). 
 
 So many- endlefs' murders, that, even of a 
 prince,* who though an accomplice, it could not 
 fave him, but too veil prove the ' neceffity which 
 there was,. for the princes of this race, to (brink 
 from a certain, death, from which their country 
 could have derived no advantage; they juftified it 
 againft, the virulent declamations of your hired 
 gazetteers; and of your own brother Lucien their 
 worthy-chief, Would the murderers of the virtu- 
 ous inoffeu five Elizabeth have fpared her brothers/ 
 and the branches of the Coride's ? The property 
 of all France changed hands ; ; death and baniih- 
 ment freed the ;iiew poiTeflbrs of- their prede- 
 cedbrs.- Toe temples were pillaged by the- 
 tonftituents who were to be found ; at the head of 
 every crime, and every calamity ; and the altars 
 which they had polluted were deflroyed by the 
 convent ioni/ts.-^-Tke ..-minifters of religion were 
 either mot, . drowned, tfanfported, fugitives o 
 apofiates even the afylums/ confecrated to the 
 affuagemeoit .of the diftjeffes' of the poor^-were; 
 violated, and the moft execrable brutality, xvas 
 .he reward of chriftian charity, the moft tender,- 
 -^France ftreamed with blood ; death ravaged it 
 under every form and every pretext,-^ncither 
 fex, nor age were fpared. The prifons were in- 
 adequte for- the /numbers of victims. The ha- 
 bitations abandoned by fo many thoufands of 
 fugitives, were not fufficient to contain the num- 
 ber of prffoners ; entire cities were transformed 
 Into gaols, three hundred thoufahd perfons were at 
 
 * Duke of Orleans.
 
 ( J8 ) 
 
 once arrefled by the laws then in force, in order 
 to furnifh victims for the regular murders, which 
 the fovereign you iervecl caufed to be effected. 
 Their foolifh rage even extended idelf to the pro- 
 .fcription of Deity. 
 
 It was under the banners of this faction that 
 you commenced your career in the army ; at leaf! 
 .your preceding exploits have remained in an ob- 
 icurity, from which your enemies will not be 
 eager to extricate them it was under itc chief, 
 Robefpierre -// ivas in the blood of your fellow- 
 citizens, if a Corfican can be confidered a citizen 
 of France, that you laid the foundation of your 
 actual elevation. 
 
 : The fugitive merchants of Marseilles, and the 
 iDhabitants of Toulon, wearied with cutting each 
 others throats,, ftarving on a barren foil, between 
 France, which furnifhed them but with execu- 
 tioners, and the fea which was blockaded by the 
 Englifh and Spanifh fleets, did not revolt as you 
 aflerted, to fu-rnifh you with a pretext to fhoot 
 them, but returned to the alkgiance of their 
 favereign, and the royal itandard admitted into 
 their port, fupplied them with fuftenance, and 
 furnifhed them with the hope of efcaping the 
 tyranny of your fove-reign, At the expiration of 
 fome months, Toulon was evacuated by the roy- 
 lifts, and the allies of the king. Refpecting the- 
 conduct you obferved at this fiege I will not fpeak. 
 A few batteries directed with all the fkill of an 
 engineer, among which was that one, known by 
 the name of the convention, are but a feeble 'mark 
 of your glory, : ji companion with thofe which 
 you exhibited within the walls of Toulon. It 
 was there, under the eyes of Barras, of Joferjh 
 Robefpierre and of his governor Freron (for 
 Robefpierre has alfo reigned, and has been guil- 
 lotined) that by your diftinguifhed participation 
 ia the maffacre of 1500 Touloneefe difarmed and 
 
 bound,
 
 ( 19 
 
 bound, whole only crime was a difinclination to 
 ftarve, you merited glory fo great in the eyes of 
 the jacobins, as to be deprived of your commif- 
 fion fo'me months after at Nice and impriibned as 
 a ttrronji (5) when your patron fell. It> was 
 there, that after the firft discharge fired on the 
 unfortunate beings, your perfidious voice, aflum- 
 ing the accent of pity, to aflaflinate more furely, 
 cried out to your mutilated victims, that the na- 
 tional vengeance was fatisfied ; and that thole 
 who had efcaped might rife in fafety; it was there, 
 infamous wretch, that not being able to multiply 
 your victims, you committed the crime known 
 but to yourfelf of afTaffmating (if I may fo ex- 
 prefs myfelf) TWICE : if you deny the fact, give 
 the lie to all France; to Beffioi who arrefted you, 
 and to the flatterer, who has dedicated to your 
 wife your panegyric., under the title of your 
 Jiiftory (6) ; but the jacobins, who defended fo 
 long le noyeur Carrier (-]), and abandoned him in 
 the end to the vengeance of the nation, in order 
 to fave the Collet (THcibc(s, Bari'ere, &c. did not 
 wifh to deprive themfelves of fo faithful a fervant 
 as you. 
 
 The Convention, whofe authority from its 
 nature ; was neceflariiy provifory, could not laft 
 for ever. It gave birth to a third and fourth 
 eonftitution, with the Directory at its head. The 
 convehtionifts were not fo much interefted in 
 the excellence of the legislature of France, as in 
 the prefervation of their own lives, from the ven- 
 geance of the entire nation, who abhorred them. 
 
 (i) Terrorift w,is the name given to the members of 
 Robeipierre's fa<5Hon. 
 (6) Puhlifhed by Barba at Paris, 1798- 
 
 (7) Le Noyeur Carrier, was the perfon employed to drown 
 the inhabitants of Lyons. 
 
 Thev
 
 They were all aware that the fudden expiration 
 of their power-might be the moment of their 
 punifhment. The principal article of the conftitu- 
 tion, was that which placed in the new Sovereign 
 affembly, the two thirds,- -at ieaft, of the Conven- 
 tion, and 'committed the erecurive power, to the 
 care of men the moft guilty. Having the power 
 of choofmg the third part, which was to be re- 
 moved, they fecured to it the protection of the 
 new government; and, in difmifling ;the leail 
 criminal, they weakened the hatred of the nation 
 againft them, and hoped to familiarize it with 
 the idea of an ex convention?/ that would not be 
 ient to execution. The people of France were 
 indignant to 'fee reign the villains who they in- 
 tended to conduct to the fcaffold ; the citizens 
 of 'Paris among others, legally affembled \ufcc~ 
 tions to deliberate on the ''acceptation or refufal 
 of the new law of election, yefufed to receive for 
 their reprefentatives, ''villains who wifhed to be 
 io in fpite of them. They took up arms ; Barras, 
 chief of the' conventionels had been a'witnefs of 
 your firft exploits, 'within the walls of Toulon. 
 He elected you general of his Satellites; and, it 
 was to ierve Barras and the convention, and not 
 in the name of liberty, that you Corfican maffa- 
 cred the; people of Paris to the number of EIGHT 
 THOUSAND, afhfted I muft confefs, by-the inha- 
 bitants of the fuburbs, among 1 whom ieveral Cor- 
 ficans appeared ;' in this inftance as in every other, 
 it was you who were the rebel : it was you who 
 marched with affaflms againft the citizens it 
 was you and your party, for whom an amnefty 
 would have been the laft term of human pity. 
 
 This vi$ory : obtained over the French, fecured' 
 you a wife (whom I abandon to her reputation) 
 and with her the command of the army of Italy, 
 At this important moment, fortunately for the 
 
 French
 
 ( 21 ) 
 
 French nation, your deftrucYive talents were for a. 
 time directed to foreign nations. Scherer^ by an 
 important vidory obtained in November 1795, 
 repelled the Auflnans on the other fide the 
 Appennines to the very gates of Genoa. Their 
 army cantoned in the plain, defended the de- 
 files, but. -with very feeble detachments. The 
 French midetfycur command forced the Appen- 
 nines, and conquered the upper part of Italy. 
 Vou abufed thetr valoilr, in turning their arms 
 againfl thofe countries, *who were not at war with 
 France fuch as Genoa, Venice, Lucca, Parma, 
 Modena, and the Papal dominions. But you 
 vyere not then a Catholic you were a' decided 
 jacobin. It was at the head of the inhabitants of 
 Marfeilles and of the fuburbs of St. Antoine that 
 you enabled the citizens of Paris to be free. It 
 was with the hirgamtfqifes of the little port of 
 Genoa (L>), with this noble part of the Republic, 
 fo particularly iuterefted in its conflitution and 
 welfare, that the revolution at Genoa was effect- 
 ed. Your patriotic militia of the fuborbs of St. 
 Antoine lorne years before deilroyed the flattie 
 qf Henry IV ; after their example the virtuous 
 Bergamefcues Patriots def-t roved the image of 
 Andrea Dorca. In fal, the wretch who, content 
 with reftoring the legitimate government of his 
 country, and had not the courage to ufurp it, 
 did not deferve fUtues. Thole 'which are deftin- 
 ed for you are much better merited. Where is 
 the patriotic Frenchman \vhio vill not behoid 
 with delight the ftatue of Henry IV. this half 
 conqueror, who bc-iieging the rebels in Paris had 
 not a fufficieiit force to deftroy them by famine, 
 replaced by the ftatue of the magnanimous hero 
 (in trcizc uindemaire. I will not remind you of the 
 blood which the world reproaches you with hav- 
 ing fhed in Italy (E), nor of the immoderate
 
 pillage wjiiich it is aiTerted you there authorized 
 by your own example. I will only fpeak of what 
 I know to be fact But I cannot pals in filence 
 your loyal arbitration between the Griffons and 
 the Valteline. You redreffed the wrongs of its 
 inhabitants, by confifcating their country to the 
 profit of the Cifalpine, a trick, to which they are 
 indebted for the honour of being this day your 
 fubjefts. 
 
 The legiflative body, which by fucceflive ro- 
 tations had purified themfrlves partly of the con- 
 ventionifts, were in open war with the Directory, 
 arid your prote&or Barras; a vulgar Republican 
 would have fupported the body of the Repre- 
 fentatives pf the nation, fupported t>y two out 
 of the five ru-ft magiftrates, againft three others 
 that were rebels, but your friend Barras was one 
 of the three. He hacl fupported with you, the 
 caufe of liberty, fo dear to the Conventtonifts, 
 againft the citizens of Paris, who did not know 
 that the greatett degree of liberty was to be re- 
 prefented ma I gre foi by 4xcsto{vent font/Is. He 
 fupported it ft ill againft the national reprefenta- 
 tion. You betrayed, anew in favour of liberty, 
 the fovereign to whom you had fworn allegiance; 
 you threatened with your legions, the fouth of 
 France, roufed at laft againft fo many exceflfes. 
 You deputed your confidants to Paris and 
 liberty, that idol of Barras, and of yours, in part, 
 owed you a new triumph. Barras continued to 
 make it reign, and the moft refpe&able members x 
 of the national reprefentation were fent into 
 exile, to the moft fanguinary deferts of the 
 known world. 
 
 However great an opinion the public may en- 
 tertain of the gratitude which you iince fo ma- 
 nifefted to your benefa&or Barras, they fufped\ 
 the real motive which actuated you. The national 
 
 reprefentatien
 
 ( 23 ) 
 
 teprefentation contained in its bfeafl a nurnerous 
 party animated with more lincere intentions for 
 the re-eftablifhment of their country : fonie of 
 them had waded through the blood and filth of 
 the revolution, without contracting a fmgle ftain; 
 others, led aftray by deceitful theories, and by 
 the fpirit of the times, have long fince acknow- 
 ledged, and have iincerely laboured to repair 
 their crimes ; fome even who had been guilty of 
 crimes, moved by an honourable repentance/ 
 were languine to efface them,, by real fervice. At 
 the head of the party laft alluded to, was a gene- 
 ral whole glory eclipfed yours, his merit and not 
 the partiality of clubs, had raifed him, in the 
 courfe of eight months, from the moft infigni- 
 ficant gradation ia the militia, to the command of 
 an extenlive army, which from the Ocean to the 
 Rhine defended the frontier of France, againft 
 the Auftrian, Englim, Pruffian, and Dutch armies. 
 Upon his acceffion to the command, he found 
 this army deftitute of Officers, the greater part 
 of whom, thought that they would better ferve 
 their country under their king than under Brifot^ 
 encrcafed with undifciplined and fa&icus recruits, 
 enfeebled and intimidated by reverfes of fortune. 
 With thefe difadvantages he had to encounter the 
 beft troops in Europe, and in point of number 
 equal to his own, compofed of felecled men from 
 the armies of Auftria,PrulTra and Great Britain, and 
 not the feeble remnant of the Piedmontefe army, 
 united with fome Italian regiments and a few 
 third battalions of the Imperial army. Thefe 
 troops, befides, at the fumrriit ol" the.ir power, led 
 on by generals of experience, and r-nimated by 
 the greateft fuccefs, fought under the very eye of 
 their Emperor. Allace was invaded four French 
 fbrtrefFes, fell into the hands of the conquerors. 
 This general kiww how to organize his army. 
 
 'He
 
 accuftomed it to a fpecies of tacYics', -whiek 
 \yere belt iuited to it, and which, was the circum- 
 flance, that chiefly leaded to the fucceffcs of the 
 French arms. In the.courfe of ont campaign he 
 drove out of Flanders and Aliace every Foreigner, 
 and forced beyond the. Rhine, the greater part of 
 his enemies; you were then knovva but by your 
 exploits, before, r.nd particularly within 'tthe wails 
 of JToulon (for ..you^had .not at that time gained 
 the battle of St. Roche, agamit, the Parifians, re- 
 bels to Barras) when. Pichegru had railed France 
 so its-a&ual great nefs, 2nd, had fecured to , her the 
 very boundaries, which me at this day poffefles, 
 and which ner .enemies have not, been able to 
 pafs. T ; o v his military talents he united the prin-, 
 cjples of humamty? integrity, and modefty : like 
 you he haoj received of Robefpierre the order of 
 malfacre, but lie, was a foldier,- , and did not wifh 
 to be an executioner, ,Thls man, deprived of the. 
 comman,d of armies, , by the reftlefs : jealouly of 
 the Directory, ,had been returned a member of- 
 the national representation;,, the majority of which, 
 afTembly, in whick, ex-conventionii\s no longer : . 
 domineered, conceived themlelves honoured iii, 
 choofing ^him for their. prefident, The legitimacy, 
 of the Directorial authority was not difputed. T,he 
 .Diredlprs themfejves- did not attach more credit; 
 to it, tjhan yon, do to the legality of your ,confu- 
 lar authoiity. .The party of which I havefpoken, 
 revolted as. you fHd, two years,after ta free them- 
 felves of the .tyranny and inipjeoce of the, Direc-- 
 tory. They were defir.eus to free France of its, 
 chains, but not 19". fubftitute their own; they, 
 wilhed to procure for the national reprefentation^ 
 the power of fulfilling the wifh of its conftituents, 
 that is, of the French people. I am inclined to f 
 believe, and your fublequent conduct feems ta. 
 prove, that it \vas to crufh a party \vhofe upright 
 
 intentions
 
 intentions were incompatible with yourfa&ious ex- 
 iftenee, and particularly to deflroy the man whofe 
 military glory eclipfed yours, rather than from 
 gratitude to Barras, that you fought to preferve 
 the Directory; you fucceeded in your object, and 
 you were again rebel to the authority, which you 
 Thad previoufly acknowledged. If your faction 
 had failed of fuccefs, an amnefty would have 
 been your only refource. It is a circumftance 
 worthy of remark, that two years after, when the 
 period had arrived for you to take the place of 
 the Directory, you reprefented that day of fruc- 
 tidor, in which you took fo great an intereft, as 
 the fdurce of all the misfortunes of the republic ; 
 this circumftance gives a juft idea of the fmcerity 
 which characterizes you. 
 
 This new al of rebellion againft a government, 
 to the eftablifhment of which, you yourfelf had 
 contributed, fecured to you the command of the 
 army of Italy. I will not reproach you with the 
 treachery by which Malta fell into your hands: 
 the injuftice of an elpedition which you had fo- 
 Hcited, and by which you attacked an ally with- 
 out a declaration of war; and even without a 
 pretext. Thofe are lefibns for Europe though 
 foreign to my fubjeft ; I will be lilent as to the 
 maflacres, committed b-y your orders in the 
 Mofques of Alexandria, and of your cruelties at 
 Grand Cairo. One of your creatures, general 
 Berthier, in writing the hiftory of your Egyptian 
 campaign, was unable to find any other eulogium 
 for your clemency than the following, very tri* 
 filing indeed, after fo many panegyrics already dic- 
 tated in your favour by flattery, " Buonaparte jit 
 " Grace a ceux qui rfetoient pas coupables" (8) ; 
 you extended your rage even to Syria ; but a 
 
 (8) Buonaparte extends mercy to thofe who are not guilty. 
 E paltry
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 paltry village (St. Jean d'Acre/, defended fcy a 
 man of courage and genius (9) well acquainted 
 vvit.h all your crimes committed in this remote 
 corner of the globe, checked you 1 ! fhudder 
 when I confider that it was not among the Turks y 
 that your fick and wounded had the moft im- 
 placable enemy to encounter. Attacked at laft 
 by the Muflulmen near Alexandria, the French 
 conquered; you difgraced their victory, by re- 
 peating the for ever execrable fceneat Jaffa, where 
 you cauied to be hewed down by your cannon 
 4,000 men, three days after the fate of war had 
 made them your prifoners. All thefe crimes 
 which the Englifh officers who learned them on 
 the fpot, atteft with horror, committed by your 
 own foldiery, who were indignant at them ; I con- 
 fefs are foreign to your amnefly. But it mufl 
 be allowed that they render it a matter of fur- 
 prife, that he who committed them, is in a condi- 
 tion to grant an amnefty. You at laft delerted 
 your own army you left it in the moment of 
 honour and of danger; if a council of war had 
 condemned you to fuffer the death which you me- 
 rited for having deferted in the fa:ce of the ene- 
 my, you would have cfteemed yourfelf too happy 
 1,0 have obtained the amnefty which you now 
 offer to others.- The ufurpation of the Supreme 
 Power, which the facYion of Syeyes placed in your 
 hands without wifhiag it, rendered this ufelefs to 
 you with the name of defertcr, you brought 
 back with you from Egypt thofe of apoftaie and 
 poi/oner, noble titles to unite with that of terrorift 
 which you acquired at Toulon . r 
 
 Until this period you were but a fubjeft, and 
 a rebel fubjecl, whenever your intereft required 
 
 (9) Sir Sidney Sniiihr 
 
 !t
 
 ( 27- ) 
 
 it- It was full time that you fhould receive the 
 reward of fo many variations, and acts of in- 
 fidelity, which the majority of mankind previous 
 to the impofition of the new law, called perjury 
 and perfidy. A final rebellion occured, to fe- 
 cure to you the fovereign power you had taken 
 an oath of fidelity to the National AfTeinbly. 
 From the Directory you had received the diffe- 
 rent fituations which you have held. It, there- 
 fore, cannot be denied that the one and the other 
 were your fovereigns. We will perceive how 
 you have conducted yourfelf towards them; an 
 intrigue, which will probably remain for ever in. 
 concealment, united the councils in the intention 
 of changing the form of government. You were 
 conndered as the fittcft perfon to effedl this new 
 revolution, in which even Syeycs could not 
 equal you in cunning. Your brother Lucien, 
 prended at the council de cinq cent ; you there 
 prefented yoarfelf to receive of him the fupreme 
 authority your former accomplices (then your 
 legal mafters for you acknowledged them as fuch) 
 were defirous to revenge thcmfelves on you 
 pale and trembling you fled for refuge to your 
 mercenary foldiers there, you fell and remained 
 infenfible in every fenfe of the word. General 
 Lefevre pofleffing more courage than you, en- 
 tered at the head of a few grenadiers, this affem- 
 biy compofed of men more determined to ufurp 
 power than to proteft it; your grenadiers dif- 
 perfed them, and in recovering from JQUV fwoon j 
 you received form Lucien the empire of France, 
 and with that empire, the right, without doubt, 
 of granting anmefties. 
 
 Where is the man who wiii dare to afifert, that 
 at this period you became the legitimate fove- 
 reign of France ? and that to obey you was a 
 duty ? and to difobey you, an aft of treafon >
 
 ( 28 ) 
 
 The bayonets of a few grenadiers coulcJ undoubt- 
 edly with equal efficacy as the guillotine deftroy 
 the pretended lovereignty of thofe affemblies 
 who tyrannifed over their countrymen, without 
 any further authority, than that which they veft- 
 ed in themielves.- The fame inftrument can 
 deftroy your authority, though it certainly can 
 never render it legitimate. oyour predtceffors 
 you had fworn fidelity who like you (the i jth 
 Vendemiaire) had obtaiued by means of the 
 cannon and the bayouet, the adherence of the 
 majority of the people of France, to a coL.ftitu- 
 tion to which they were indebted for their rejgi. 
 They had, like you, kept open regifters to 
 receive thofe adherents, while at. the lame time, 
 they took upon themielves the charge of reckon- 
 ing the fufl rages- but not one of them had the 
 aflurance to enter on the difcharge of their duty, 
 previous to the remit of thofe regifters being 
 promulgated. This aft of audacity and iufolence 
 towards the nation was reierved for you; and 
 the people of France read with aftonifhment 
 the article of the new law which enacls " Ld 
 Qonftituiion fait Bonaparte Brenner Conjul." But 
 the lot of your predeceffors amounces to you, 
 your fate- It teaches you the value you ought 
 to let on all the extorted oaths, which your ov/n 
 example has taught your people to violate. 
 The accomplishment of the vow of Jephta was 
 even more criminal than the vow itlelf (10). 
 
 What was the Confulate for the inhabitants of 
 France? an unknown title a mine not yet ex- 
 
 (lo) Jephta, an Hebrew Jud^e turned his arms ugainft the 
 Ammonites in i 187 before Chrift. In order to come off viflo- 
 yfous, he made a vow to facritice the fir/t perfon he' met after the 
 combat; in returning home his only daughter, tunning to con- 
 gratulate him, was the perlon. He adheied to his vow two 
 taomhs after,
 
 -plored, in which their {implicity led them to 
 hope they would find forms of government 
 blended with moderation and your ambition 
 the fummit of your power. The impetuofity of 
 the French nation was here tricked by the cun- 
 ning of a Corfican. Do you not feel apprehen- 
 iive, the world will compare the inftitution of 
 the Confulate of Rome with that of France ? 
 The Confuls replaced Tarquin the proud, tyrant, 
 but not king of Rome, for he acquired the 
 fceptre by a crime. This ufurper involved the 
 Romans in continual wars, unproductive of any 
 advantage to the empire. His race abandoned 
 themfeives to a fcandalous debauchery, and the 
 worft of luxury. Is it Louis XVI. and his auguft 
 race, or you and your polluted defcendants that 
 recalls to the recollection of the prefent gene- 
 ration, the memory of Tarquin and his family? 
 .Your Confulate then, is not only an act of 
 tyranny but an act of arrogance and grofs in- 
 fult to the fentimeuts and underftanding of the 
 nation. 
 
 Until the period of your afiumption of the 1 
 fovereign power, the glory of which, if there 
 was any, was due to general Lefevre, and his 
 grenadiers, the difgrace to the rabble whom they 
 expelled, and the profit to you; I have proved 
 that the royalifts, faithful to their firft oaths, 
 were not rebels againft thofe fucceffive tyrants, 
 who have oppreffed France, and whom you have 
 fucceflively acknowledged, ferved and betrayed 
 ft rangers to thofe revolutions, how could they 
 have been rebels? To be a rebel, it is neceflary 
 to be firft a fubject now the quality of a fubject 
 of any, government coufifts in three things, viz. 
 firft, in being born under that government, i'e- 
 condly, in a determined refidence in the country 
 which fubmits to it, thirdly, or by a formal or 
 
 ' filent
 
 ( 30 ) 
 
 filent confent to its laws. But, is it allowed 
 that this government is legitimate? Upon which 
 of thef'e requifitions do you mean to attack me, 
 I, who born under the monarchy, have relin- 
 quifheu every thing dear to me, to prefcrve 
 my fidelity to it. Never have I acknowledged 
 cither Mirabeau, Briibt, Marat, Robcfpierre, Tal- 
 lau, Barras, or you never have I been their 
 fubje.&j never will I be yours. How then could 
 I have been rebel? How am I interefted in your 
 amnefty ? If you had been even willing to de- 
 clare to me " je Juts mail re dc la France, et je 
 *' -vous permit d'y vivre. *" I would have tacitly 
 confidered the duty I owed to my fovereigu, be- 
 fore I had accepted or refufed your offer ; but 
 you have afTerted that I was a criminal, I am 
 therefore bound to belie you or I acknowledge 
 my culpability. I have vindicated myfelf in 
 proving to you that you calumniate me, in falfely 
 imputing to me the commiilion of crimes, of 
 which you yourfelf have been guilty, 
 
 It is not for the purpofe of attacking you ; but 
 merely as a mean of exculpating., myielf of the 
 decree which you caufed to be publifhed on the 
 26th April, that I have been forced to trace fo 
 rapidly the ufage you have made of your ufurped 
 power. It has been fuch, that I am at this mo- 
 ment doubtful, whether thoi'e who judge us, will 
 be more indignant at the audacity and illegitimacy 
 of the ufurpation, or at the tyrannical exercife of 
 your power. 
 
 France (againft whom the ufurpations of the 
 Directory, and particularly thofe which you ad- 
 vifed, and yourfeif executed;, had created fo 
 many foes, was prefifed by her enemies in Switz- 
 
 * I ira rrufter of Funcc, and I permit you to refidc there. 
 
 erland
 
 erlarrd and Italy. You croffed the Alps with 2 
 new army ; your officers were as well aware as I 
 was, with what facility your prog re is in the Val 
 dAofte might have been checked, and by the 
 impoflibility of lubfifHrig there, you could have 
 been forced to retreat the Auftrians lulled by 
 their fuccefs, did not provide againft an attack 
 you arrived in Italy }ou advanced as far as 
 Marengo, between the fortrefles of Tortona and 
 Alexandria, with the river Po on your rere. In 
 the fhuation you were, if your army had 
 been beaten, it muft have perifhed. But what 
 confideration was it to a Corfican, the fate of 
 fome thoufands of brave Frenchmen become ufe- 
 lefs to his elevation : the engagement was for a 
 long time doubtful ; you were on the point of 
 looting it, when general Defaii* arrived, renewed 
 the adtion, and carried off the palm of victory. 
 This brave general, however, fell a vidtim to his 
 courage ; and his death, placing your gratitude 
 at eafe, you railed pyramids to his memory, and 
 ordered that feveral ports aud veflels in France 
 ihould bear the name of Defaix. Had not the 
 fate of war cut him off, you would probably have 
 removed him from the capital, or retained him in 
 the fame banimment, as generals Pichegru and 
 \Villot ; or in the fame ina&ion as Moreau, 
 Maffena, Macdonald, &c. whofe military glory is 
 to your envious heart the vulture of Prometheus. 
 Willot, who fupported the glory of the French 
 arms in the Pyrenees, and who fince preferved 
 the fouth of France againfl the fury of your jaco- 
 bin hordes. Moreau this general, as firm in 
 misfortune as acYive in fuccefs, who by his mo- 
 deny lefTened the eclat of his victories, and by 
 his integrity, alleviated their bitternefs to the 
 conquered. MafTena who did not betray the 
 republic ; but who, by his firmnefs and addrefs 
 
 in
 
 ( 3* ) 
 
 in Switzerland, preferred it ; who, by his gallant" 
 defence of Genoa, with which no action in this 
 war can poflibly be compared, gave you time to 
 arrive at Marengo ; to whom you were indebted 
 for your previous triumph in 1795; who, in fhorr, 
 owed all his fuccefTes to his courage and not to 
 fortune. Macdonald who retreated with his 
 army from the moft remote part of Italy, through 
 the midft of fo many victorious enemies, and 
 formed a junction with Moreau; 
 
 The victory of Marengo, that fortunate refhlt 
 to your temerity, did not tend to any decifive 
 fuecefs., By an abfurd capitulation, you obtained 
 pofTeflion of the entire upper part of Italy, even 
 as far as Mantua. After fo many miracles with 
 which fortune had favoured you, the queftion 
 Hill remained undecided fo many acts of rain- 
 nefs, though crowned with fuccefs, were not ac- 
 companied by any decided refult : it was on 
 general Moreau and the army of Suabia, that de- 
 pended the fate of France and Auflria. 'This 
 ikilful general, always advancing agairft an 
 enemy iuperior in numbers to, and which fur- 
 rounded three parts of, his army ; equalizing- 
 the danger of his pofition, between the Danube 
 and the mountains of Tyrrol, had by his vigi- 
 lance and activity arrived as far as the river Inn. 
 He vanquifhed atHohenlinden the principal army 
 of the emperor ; and from that period encoun- 
 tering no further obftacle, on the route of Vienna, 
 he dictated the peace, which your brother; 
 Lucien, has fince with lefs difficulty concluded 
 at Luneville. 
 
 In this manner, general Pichegru broke the 
 great ftrength of the coalition ; drove its 1 armies 
 iroai the interior, and conquered the Pays Bas, 
 Holland and the entire of Germany above the 
 Rhine that general Mafiena reconquered Switz- 
 erland
 
 l( 33 ) 
 
 r)and more honourably than your privy coiin- 
 fellor Brune had conquered it, or than your oth& 
 privy counfellor Jourdan had loft it -in mort ? 
 that general Moreau, conqueror for a feries of 
 nine months of the great army of Auftria, forced 
 the emperor to peace in order that Napoleone 
 Buonaparte, inheritor of the fucceffes of thefe 
 fkilful generals, as he had previoufly inherited the 
 crimes of the factions, which he had fucceffively 
 ferved and betrayed, mould enflave with a yoke 
 of iron, France, and with her Europe ! in order 
 that Napoleone mould be king of France and 
 Italy ! that his brother Murat, mould be viceroy 
 on the other fide the Alps ! and his brother-in- 
 law Le Clerc at St. Domingo ! that Jofeph 
 mould ordain in his name the fate of Europe ! 
 that Lucien mould become the apoftle of the 
 Gauls, the reftorer of the honour, and the moral 
 inftitutor of France! that Jeremiah mould be 
 appointed chief admiral until his nomination to 
 the viceroyalty of Louifiana and perhaps Mexico ! 
 and that Louis, pofleffing inconteftible rights to 
 th crown of the auguft houfes of Buonaparte 
 and Beauharnois (E), mould prepare inheritors 
 to this great man ! that two millions of our 
 countrymen mould have perimed on all fides, 
 fome of them murdered by your antient mafters 
 the jacobins or killed in front of the French 
 armies againft whom they contended with re- 
 gret, engaged in a caufe unworthy of them 
 others of whom fell by the arms of the numerous 
 enemies which the crimes and audacity of the 
 feel: that you in vain difavow, had raifed againft 
 France. 
 
 Ah ! fhould our nation after fo many forrowful 
 trials, which every fpecies of tyrant have execut- 
 ed at its expence, at laft return under the mode- 
 rate government of an individual, as the only 
 F fafe
 
 ( 34 ) 
 
 fafe port, after fo many tempefts, will fhe.fl 
 repofe in an illegitimate and eledive governmenu 
 which would only multiply her misfortunes ?' 
 Will fhe difcard the man who the fucceffion of 
 eight hundred years points out to her? whofe 
 rights are the eternal fafeguard of the tranquillity 
 of the ftate, the defcendant of the auguft Philip, 
 of St. Louis, of Charles the wife ; of Louis XII. 
 of Henry the great, of Louis the XIV. and of 
 the virtuous Louis XVI. will fhe difcard him for 
 a Corfican, the obfcure agent of Robefpierre, 
 the ading general of Barras againft the city of 
 Paris, and who, confcious that he is a ftranger in 
 France, has fecured againft her, and independent 
 of her, the intereft of Italy ? Will (he prefer to 
 the moft antient race of the Franks whofe very 
 name identifies itfelf with that of our country, 
 an ignoble race, the chief of which is fated with 
 the blood of Frenchmen, and the members of 
 which remain in an obfcurity, from which nothing 
 but the fcandal of their vices will ever bring them 
 before the public ? Will the virtues of Louis XVI. 
 his acls of kindnefs towards his people (a dreadful 
 crime to efface by our contrition although but that 
 of a few men) will they juftify the exclufion of 
 his heir, or the banifhment of his daughter, who, 
 worthy of her noble race, preferred in her exile, 
 the French prince, to whom her father had deflin- 
 ed her, to the heir to the imperial throne, Ah! 
 if flie is an orphan, it is the French nation that 
 fhould be her father. 
 
 Are we then condemned to rewitnefs thofe 
 times fo calamitous to mankind, when a few 
 'factious foldiers raifed to the empire a barbarian 
 born on the then favage borders of the Danube, 
 or in the mountains of Corfica, to replace him 
 fome months after by another barbarian ? Will 
 the French blood flow for fo many fhameful quar- 
 rels I
 
 Tels ? where is the man that will dare to pretend 
 to the place, which Buonaparte, lucceeded by 
 another of his name, will have occupied ? What 
 will be the end of our diffentions ? Recollect 
 Buonaparte, thar the army overthrew the Pretp- 
 rian bands, and that the Pretorian bands frequent- 
 ly deftroyed their own work. What do you hope 
 from thole enclofed boxes, from thofe carriages 
 lined with brafs, from your oriental invifibiiity, 
 from this numerous army of Gendarmes, and 
 from this (till more numerous army of /pies, 
 governed by Fouche, and fupported by the pro- 
 duce of gaming houfes, and houfes of ill fame 
 a revenue the fource and expenditure of which 
 are equally honourable to your government ; 
 from thofe confular guards ; from thofe cannon, 
 that you contlantly interpofe between you and the 
 inhabitants of your capital, who recoiled as well 
 as you, your victory of the i gth Vendemiaire the 
 conviction of this victory condemns you to re- 
 morle, to terror, and to precaution with which 
 you will be perfecuted, until their averfion to 
 you is extirpated from their breads your alarm 
 and their hatred will terminate but with your 
 exifterice. 
 
 You haye, until this period, betrayed or over- 
 turned every government, to which you had fub- 
 mitted you have equally dilrefpeded the confti- 
 tution which you yourfelf impofed on France- 
 
 You have violated the laws which you yourfelf 
 have enafted, and you have the folly to hope or 
 the arrogance to expect that others mould refpe6t 
 them ; from motives of perfonal ambition, as 
 foreign to the nation, as to yourfelf, you have 
 provoked againft her a general war, and you 
 nave attacked her fovereignty. I -do not allude to 
 the Sovereignty of the people fo abfurd an ex- 
 preilion, or rather fo ironica! 3 and fo revolting in 
 
 the
 
 ( tf X 
 
 the mouth of a man, who enchains and oppreiTes 
 this very people by Gendarmes, and innumerable 
 fpies, by confular guards, by fpecial commiflions, 
 by military tribunals,by traniportations and impri- 
 fonments, by military confcriptions ,which havebe- 
 come conftitutional and which rivet to the ground 
 the victim upon, whom they fall. The third ad 
 of the conftitution framed by Syeyes and Danau, 
 and promulgated by the grenadiers of St. Cloud a 
 declares, that " every citizen of France, whojhall 
 accept an employment , or 'who Jhall receive any emolu- 
 ment from a foreign nation, Jball loofe his rights as a 
 citizen" But, you have received "without the 
 knowledge of the bodies that reprefent the na- 
 tional fovereignty (or rather, you have extorted) 
 the fituation of prefident of the Cifalpine re- 
 public with 500,000 livres of Emolument. 1 am 
 aware that it is aflerted by your agents, that it 
 was as Conful of France you accepted that pre- 
 fidency the affertion is falfe; you were only 
 conful of France for feven years and an half, 
 when you effected your appointment as prefident 
 of that republic for ten years. 
 
 You are then no longer a citizen of France ; 
 and in preferving the chief magiftracy in oppo- 
 sition to the very law which you yourself enabled, 
 vou have excluded yourfelf from the very law 
 itfelf, as I have proved you have been excluded 
 from every la.w that preceded it. Enemy to Roy- 
 alty under ail it's different modifications, deftroyer 
 x f the Republic, and republican forms; traitor to 
 every party, there is not a Frenchman of any 
 party, or of any political feet, in whom there 
 does not cxiit a right, and a duty to afiign a limit 
 to your tyranny. Violator of every law, no law 
 can protect you. Who has exempted you from 
 the laws? yourfelf. Who will exempt your fuc- 
 ceflbr? Your fucceffor; in what manner will 
 
 you.
 
 '( 37 ) 
 
 you reply to him, who, in treating you as you 
 have treated fo many others, will declare to you, 
 " La force fit ton drcit, t a foible ffe eft ton crime*." 
 This is not all; of your own authority you added 
 the Novarefc, conquered by the French arms, to 
 your new kingdom of Italy. To whom, is it 
 not manifeft that you accomplished this annex- 
 ation, for the purpofe of fecuring the pafiage of 
 Simplon, to call to your afiiftance your Italian, 
 fubje&s, if at any time a party of French, wea- 
 ried by your arrogant domination, fhould attempt 
 to relieve themfelves of the rod of iron with 
 which you rule them ? To whom is it not clear, 
 that the fate of Piedmont remained prbvifory, 
 until the period of its union with your kingdom? 
 A man who is no longer a citizen of France, if 
 ever he was fuch, has afTumed to himfelf pro- 
 vinces conquered by the French arms a con- 
 dilct winked at by the French themfelves! Oh ! 
 fhame to my country ! 
 
 This recent perfonal ufurpation was committed 
 when Auflria, England, and, probably, Ruflia, 
 were arming againft France. Ii is to the extreme 
 moderation of the Englifh government that we 
 are indebted for the efcape from death, not only 
 of the entire army, which, with your accu domed 
 temerity, you fent to St. Domingo, detlkute c 
 provisions and military (tores but alfo of the 
 entire body of French marines and allies and 
 with them, our laft hope of ever re-eftab!i!hin 
 the flighted appearance of commerce or profpe- 
 rity in the interior of France. But what docs the 
 profperity and commerce of France fign-'fy, when 
 the queftion of placing another crown, on your 
 head is agitated ? 
 
 * " Force made tby rf^ht ; thy fccbler.efs is thy irr? " 
 
 Your
 
 Your temerity, an4 your habitual arrogance, 
 fo confpicuous in. your expedition to Egypt, 
 xvhere the moft unforefeen event alone prevented 
 NELSO.V from deuroying the entire army, as 
 fome days after he deilroyed the French Fleet, 
 are not lefs apparent in your conduct refpeding 
 St. Dorrnngo. No one doubts that TOUSSAINT, 
 iatisfied with the fituation of Captain General of 
 St. Domingo, under the Sovereignty of France, 
 would have been faithful to its metropolis. And 
 that fie had contributed with more efficacy than 
 any other perfon, to bring to perfection the order 
 and culture that had been eftablifhed there. (But 
 the Empire of France Jbou/d be the Patrimony of the 
 Family of Bounaparte, and your Sifter? Madams 
 LeclerCj had probably received lie IJland of St. 
 
 Domingo as her Marriage Portion.} Toujjaint, 
 
 pofle/iing equal penetration with yourfeif, difco- 
 vered your fnares. He was well aware that 
 it was againft him, and his colour, you fent 
 20,000 troops He decided the refult of which 
 was the entire deftruftion of the Ifland as a co- 
 lony, and perhaps of more than one half of the 
 population deftined for the cultivation of it, with 
 the lofs of 40,000 French foldiers, whom your 
 pride facrificed there, without gaming one ad- 
 vantage by their deuth, but a DESERT. Do you. 
 not fuppofe the 150,000 Negroes who inhabit 
 Guadaloupe, warned by the example of St. Do- 
 mingo, and by the decree which you have juft 
 publimed, with fo flrong a tendency to eftablifh 
 the flavery of the Blacks, will fell you, at a very 
 clear price, rhat conqueft, or rather the fanguj- 
 nary ruins which will refult from it? Do you 
 fuppofe, in fhort, that the troops neceflary for 
 ganiibning Martinique and St. "Lucia will not 
 abfoib more than the profit they will be able to 
 produce ;o the metropolis? 
 
 Such
 
 C 39 ) 
 
 Such are the confequences of this proud con- 
 duct, which does not bear even the appearance of 
 contradiction and which manifefis itfelf in your 
 very proclamations. When your revolutionary 
 fucceifes in Italy drove the unfortunaie inhabitants 
 of Pavia and Binafco to infurreclion, your impious 
 and ferocious pride declared to them, "Lafoudre 
 du del ne fera pas phis prompte que ma colere(\ i V* 
 When in a tone of Royalty ("12) you fent word to 
 ToufTaint, " Nous vous cnvoyons NOTRE be -.in 
 Jrlrc Leclerc."( \ 3 ) Tou concluded the affected 
 and infignificant compliment by this philanthro- 
 pic phrafe, " Se vous refiftez, je Jerai pour <ucv.< t 
 ce que ie feu eft aux canes fecbes?\ 14) What exe- 
 crable language! Is it that of a Sovereign or of 
 an ANTROPOPIIAGI? Oh! that the people of 
 France would read the proclamations iffued bv 
 Louis XVI. and thofe iffued by you, 'and let 
 "them choofe between you and his heir. 
 
 The ufurpations, and particularly the arro- 
 gance of the Directory, armed once more Europe 
 againft France : Irs tyranny prepared its fall 
 with what dare you reproach its members'? yoi;. 
 you have furpafied them in every refpecl. It 
 at your inftance that they threatened, and fn: 
 oppreffed Switzerland, and when at this moment 
 ihe can neither furnifii her neighbours with ; mean>; 
 or inftruments to attack France, you freely re: 
 her to the convulfioris of parties, that you excite 
 one againft t; e other ; you reduce her by ti/e 
 
 (11) The thunder of Heaven ftiall not be n;o-e ra;id than 
 cry vengenance. 
 
 (12) The Kings of FVance always addreffcd their fubjctfs Io 
 the plural numb-jr, as a mark of refpcft. 
 
 (13) " We fend you our brothcr-in law, Leclcrc.'* 
 
 (14) " (f you refill, I will be to you/v.hat ths'fi.-e is to the 
 <}ry fu^ar car..." 
 
 excefs
 
 ( 40 ) 
 
 excefs of misfortune to the agonies of a political 
 death. Thofe miferable troops of marauders, 
 who, with the National Cockade in their hats, de- 
 (h-oy all titles of property, and demand a re-union 
 with France, would they even dare to (hew them- 
 felves, if they were not confident of your fup- 
 port ? You difable and weaken the men of pro- 
 perty, and tranquil inhabitants, in order that 
 they mould be forced to call you to their aflift- 
 ance. You deftroy the habitation of your neigh- 
 bour, in order that he may abandon it to you 
 and in order to prepare Europe to fee you take 
 pofieflion of this country, you dare to aiTert that 
 Switzerland is independent, but that its interior 
 troubles will foon force the neighbouring powers 
 to interfere, in order to guarantee her from an- 
 archy. Great God ! -the Swifs, difturbers of, 
 and you the preferver of the repofe of Europe! 
 Language cannot exprefs fo much arrogance 
 Tou preferver of the peace of Europe ; you who 
 in the time of peace, without provocation, under 
 no neceffity, deriving from it no other advantage 
 but the gratification of your caprice and your 
 turbulence, place and difplace Sovereigns, trans- 
 fer the fubjects of one to the other, and who, from 
 the conduct you obferve refpecling every ftate, of 
 which you can obtain poffeflion, feek to anni- 
 hilate every ancient right, in order that there 
 fhould exift in the univerfe, no Sovereigns but 
 murpers like yourfelf ! 
 
 What are the advantages which France has 
 derived from this immoderate ambition, and this 
 intolerable pride? the certainty of an approach- 
 ing and deftruclive war, againft ailEunpe; the 
 necelTity of fupporting aa army, in extent double 
 of that, which, under the kings, preferred it un- 
 touched, and fecured to it refpeft ; of taxes in 
 proportion, confcriptions in full peace, no per- 
 
 r i 
 
 lonal
 
 ( 4* ) 
 
 fonal fecurity ; fmce at all times, a man is liable 
 to be deprived of the habitation and profeflioa 
 which he has chofen in fhort, in the very heart 
 of peace, the cares and calamities of war; and 
 if France was even certain of coming off victo- 
 rious in this ftruggle, which will probably be more 
 dreadful than any in which two nations were 
 ever yet engaged, for both parties will contend 
 for existence, how much will it contribute to her 
 honour and glory to purchafe, at the price of its 
 blood, of its fufferings and its riches, the aggran- 
 dizement of the empire of Buonaparte, and the 
 augmentation to the number of his flaves ? 
 
 You have forced me, in vindication of myfelf, 
 to trace over your crimes, and thofe committed 
 by the feel which you ferved. Such are the fteps 
 by mean's of which you obtained your power : 
 now that you are in poffeffion of it, you ftridtly 
 preferve the regimen of this feel. Its inquifition, 
 its military and revolutionary tribunals, its im- 
 prifonments and arbitrary tranfportations, in one 
 word, its oppreffions of every defcription : and 
 you have aggravated the fentiment of fo many 
 evils, by the mame of enduring them at the 
 hand of a foreign adventurer, who voluntarily 
 triumphs over the French, as over a conquered 
 people. 
 
 You have even furpaffed the principles of the 
 Jacobin party. This party, whole patriotifm had 
 for its object the feizure of property, had created 
 an Emigration by its murders, and declared it a 
 crime, the punimment of which was the confif- 
 cation of the emigrants property to their own 
 advantage. Thofe laws which connfcated the 
 property of the father, mother, wife, child, of 
 an unfortunate, profcribed for a pretended crime, 
 which they could not avoid, were held in detef- 
 tation. This code was the mod horrible aft of 
 
 G Marat,
 
 ( 42 ) 
 
 Marat, Robefpierre, or Danton. At' liberty to 
 repeal it invited to this at of juflice by the 
 general wifh of the nation, and by the imperious 
 cry of judice, you have adopted it. You have, 
 it is true, put a flop to the murder of emigrants. 
 The feeble remains of a clafs of men, originally 
 fo numerous, were no longer to be dreaded. They 
 f ub mit ted to your difcretion But you have ap- 
 propriated to yourfeli thofe laws of robbery, in 
 voluntarily giving them without neceility of party, 
 and againft men who confented to live under your 
 laws, an extenfion that had efcaped the avidity 
 of the moft infamous tyrants of France. Eftates 
 not difpofed of ; forefls declared unfaleable, were 
 in fequeflration, or in other words, at the difpofal 
 of the nation. No new poffefibr oppofed the en- 
 trance of the proprietor to his eftate. It was a 
 means, without inconvenience, of repairing, in 
 part, the acts of injuflice towards the unfortu- 
 nate. Well, what have you done ? you, who in, 
 your pride, fo infulting to France, affert, that in 
 your individual perfon exifls its Government, as if 
 the. iegiflative affemblies, and its magistrates, did 
 
 1 constitute an eflential part of the Govern- 
 ment ; you, who in fact acted as if they were 
 not in exigence, or as if they derived from you, 
 at every infiant, a new emanation of the fu- 
 preme authority, concentrated in your own per- 
 ibn. What have you done, do I fay? you have 
 confifcated the different properties, (till in fe- 
 queflYation, which could have been of fervicc to 
 'Government) that is to fay in your Style, to Buona- 
 id his creatures ; to your Gonfular guards, 
 your Gendarmerie, your Legion of Honour, with 
 which you. are fin rounded, but in. vain, for they 
 
 ! neither have the power nor the defire to pro- 
 tect you againft the indignation and the ven- 
 geance of the French nation. You have by a 
 
 public
 
 ( 43 ) 
 
 public decree confifcated all thofe fequeftered fo- 
 refts(G), and as you advance unmafked not to 
 atifolute effective fovereigiity, which you have 
 already ufurped; but to the nominal Sovereign- 
 ty, which even falls fhort of what your pride 
 dictates ; it is to your profit that you have con- 
 fifcated them ; it is to your eftate, and to that of 
 the family of Buonaparte that you have annexed 
 them. Robefpierre and Marat even caufed the 
 confifcations to be fold for the fervice of the na- 
 tion, or (if it be wifhed that I mould fo exprefs 
 myfelf) of their faction. You have furpaffed 
 the very founders of your ancient feel. 
 
 Though the conduct by which you have arrived 
 at your tyrannical power fhpuld be corifigned to 
 oblivion : though the day of St. Cloud mould be 
 erafed from the recollection of mankind, that 
 day fo dishonorable to Frenchmen, on which one 
 Corfican conferred on another, for ten years, 
 the abfolute and defpotic fovereignty of France; 
 though in one word, your authority ihould be as 
 legal as it is illegitimate, you exercife over 
 France a defpotifm fo complete, fo active, fo in- 
 tolerable, that in the eyes of the molt active par- 
 tizans of arbitrary authority, you have furpaffed 
 the limits of non-refiftance and of paffive obedi- 
 ence. In fact, you give and take away, without 
 diftin&ion, every place, every employment, and 
 every favour. You alone enact laws ; you alter 
 and violate them, when your pride is not willing 
 to degrade itfelf by eluding them. You baniih, 
 whenever they incu ilrfpleafure, thofe who 
 
 fliould coincide in their formation. The judges, 
 and confequently their decifions, are at your dif* 
 polal. You imprifon thofe who purdon, anx-/ 
 you have condemned. The Courts of Juftice ate 
 replaced by fpecial commifkons ; the imprifon- 
 
 :, and the period of confinement, depend 
 
 '
 
 ( 44 ) 
 
 on your will. You banifti and tranfport without 
 the V'-rdicl of a Court of Juftice. The liberty 
 of the Frel's, and of Speech are reftri&ed. The 
 very applaules at the theatre, are commanded or 
 prohibited as your caprce directs. You a^bfo- 
 luiely ordain peace or war. You impofe and 
 alter at vur will the taxes ; you collect them 
 without giving an account of them. In ftiort, 
 France is in your hands as clay in the hands of a 
 potter $ (he dare not ^fk you " pourquoi me donnez 
 tu cette forme" ( 5) There ha*e exilled men, who 
 have ufurped a limited authority ; others have 
 converted it into a delpotifm ; others have made 
 a tyrannical ufe of it ; but you are all at once 
 Ufurper, Defpot, and Tyrant, the icourge of thofe 
 who you ca 1 your countrymen; and (thanks to 
 their inconceivable patience) the dread and dif- 
 turber of the Univerie. Your exiftence is a cala- 
 mity to mankind; your death will be their delive- 
 rance. I have not, however, yet made a complete 
 enumeration of all the crimes which my justifi- 
 cation has forced on my recollection. There is 
 one which 1 have omitted : your facrilegious 
 aflertion, that Heaven fandioned their com- 
 miffion. 
 
 Religion had been long perfecuted by ridicule, 
 by the deftruction of its minifters, and of the 
 places of worihip. It refined. It in fecret con- 
 veyed confolation to the hearts of the unfortu- 
 nate of every kind, whom you and your feel had 
 rendered fo. It (hewed to them, in Heaven the 
 indemification of every thing that impiety had 
 deprived them of on earth. In order to deflroy 
 and covfummate the grand philcfophic ivork, it was 
 neceffary to fet at variance, thofe who had re- 
 
 (15) Why do you give me this form ?" 
 
 niained
 
 ( 45 ) 
 
 mained faithful to it ; to afflicT: the conferences 
 of refpeftable authorities ; to oppofe the Sove- 
 reign Pontiff to the Bifliops; to place the Intruder 
 on the fame bench with the legitimate paftor; the 
 perjured man befide him, who had preferved his 
 faith, to fet the one and the other in a quarrel 
 with the paftor, who thought it his duty not to 
 feparate from his Church j in fhort, by fuch con- 
 tradictions, to throw the human heart and un- 
 derftanding into an abyfs of uncertainty. It 
 was neceffary to difpoffefs of their benefices, the 
 entire body of paftors of every order ; to anni- 
 hilate at one blow the confidence of the people, 
 who could no longer bear to witnefs in men, of 
 whonx they actually had no knowledge, but as 
 fpies nominated and fupported by you, the mi- 
 nifters of your ambition and not thofe of re- 
 ligion. This conduct conflituted a part cf your 
 general plan, a plan to fcreen your ufurpation, 
 in creating every where ufurpen-, in the religious 
 as well as in the civil orders of fociety. It 
 ferved at the fame time your hatred for reli- 
 gion, and your ambition the one, in removing 
 the mod religious part of the catholics, from 
 the altars, which they faw ferved by perjured 
 brutes, and in your pay ; the other in making 
 your new clergy an inflrument for corrupting 
 thofe, who forgetting their legitimate pallors, 
 might attach themfelves to their new guides, and 
 to familiarize them \vith your ufurpations, and 
 the roberies which true religion never pardons, 
 but in thofe who repent of, and repair their 
 crimes. You meditated for a long time this for- 
 rowful project. It was wiih the enemies of reli- 
 gion that you in fecret prepared its reftoration : 
 threats and force had extorted from the fovereisjiv 
 pontiff an invitation to the bifhops to refign their 
 fees j he did not even in this aft diffemble the 
 
 compulfioa
 
 icompulfion with which he performed it, and 
 which rendered it void. The fame vveaknefs on 
 one part, violence and intrigue on the other, 
 placed at your difpofal fome bimops, until then 
 faithful to their churches. In fhort, the work of 
 darknefs openly manifefted itfelf : the pious 
 Lucien, affected like you by divine infpiration, 
 fpeaks with fo much unclion, that he fuddenly 
 converts the Tribunate and Legislative Body ; 
 the philofophers of your Privy Council fecond 
 him in his apoftolic career. The man who had 
 originally profeffed the catholic religion, after- 
 wards that of the National Inftitute, who had 
 abjured both the one and the other at Cairo, to 
 embrace Iflamizm, again declares himfelf a catho- 
 lic. He condefcends to permit France to fol- 
 low the perfuafion, becaufe he himfelf adheres 
 to it. The day is appointed for its reftoration. 
 He marches towards the holy temple, followed 
 by the accomplices of his impiety and his ufur- 
 pation, with a triumphant and warlike pomp. 
 The cannon every where refound ; unbroke 
 hoiils are led, in hand, by the Mamelukes, whom 
 in his blindnefs he conduces to the gates of the 
 temple, without doubt, to be witnelfes to his 
 double apoftacy. He enters: The great THEO- 
 DOSIUS, who had been deprived the communion 
 of the faithful by a virtuous pontiff, until he 
 had expiated a great crime, did not think he 
 degraded the Imperial Majefty in bowing before 
 his Creator: But Buonaparte comes to triumph, 
 and not to expiate his perjury and his apoftacy. 
 It is his pride, and not his contrition, 
 that conduces him to the altar. He occu- 
 pies the place of his Sovereign. He forces the 
 people to offer up prayers to Heaven, for the 
 very murderers of their King, and for the execu- 
 tioners of the French. Foolifla man 2: Thefe 
 
 prayers
 
 ( 47 ) 
 
 prayers invoke the Divine vengeance (H) fuf- 
 pended on your head, and which by repentance 
 is flill in your power to avert. Some bifhops, 
 feeble after fo many years of force, appeal for 
 their fidelity to the ufurper, to the very Deity 
 who had previoufly received their oaths of alle- 
 giance to their legitimate fovereign one of them 
 felected, without doubt, to augment the fcandal 
 of a fimilar profanation (I) afcends the pulpit of 
 truth to fet there an example of perjury. 
 
 On a fudden, thofe men who furround you ; 
 who fupport and exercife under you, your autho- 
 rity, the very men who have pillaged the places 
 of fanctity, and prophanedthe confecrated Teflels, 
 who have affaflinated, profcribed and robbed their 
 fellow citizens, become apoftates of religion, and 
 panegyrics of humanity and virtue jealous of 
 their new functions, they referve to themfelves, 
 the exclufive right of relenting the misfortunes 
 which they have qccafioned, and of declaiming 
 againft the crimes, which they have committed, 
 while they treat as a crime, the very complaints 
 of their victims (K). 
 
 So many offences againft Heaven and fo many 
 outrages againft humanity, are even lefs odious 
 and iefs revolting, than the predications of thofe 
 frontlefs men They are not hypocrites : for 
 they well know that they deceive no perfon. 
 They are a thoufand times worfe. Hypocrify 
 is a r el peel: which virtue exacts from vice But 
 your facrilegious arrogance convoked the people 
 to the holy temple, but to triumph with more 
 eciat over Heaven and earth 1 
 
 itor of every law, I have proved that you 
 
 r e f.- elude..! yourlelf horn every Jaw you have 
 
 excluded ycuiieif from every church, 
 
 very affectation, from every religious com- 
 
 cu aiiuii.e ihe malk of religion but to 
 
 profane
 
 profane it, and to make it ferve as an inftrument 
 of your ambition every religion is authorized to 
 rejed you with horror, and it is on this dreadful 
 concatenation of pride, of cunning, of falfe and 
 extorted oaths, of rapine, of violence, of pro- 
 fanations and injuftice, that you think to found 
 and legitimize your authority no, notwithftand- 
 ing this difplay, it will remain for ever what 
 it is, a tranfient tyranny acquired by force and 
 which force can deftroy ; fortune opens to you but 
 one way of extricating yourfelf from th s D<?- 
 dalus, into which you have fallen juftice ordains 
 it, every other refolution, conducts you to the 
 fate that attends every tyrant, by the road of 
 diftrefs and anguiih, with fuch energy defcribed 
 by PiioCAS, uiurper and tyrant like yourfelf: 
 
 ** Surtout, qui comme moi, d'une obfcure naiflance 
 Monte par la revoke a la toute-puiflance, 
 Qui de fimple foldat a I'empire eleve, 
 Nc Fa, que par le crime, acquis et conferve ; 
 Autantque ia fureur s'eft immoll de tetes, 
 Aotant defTus la fienne il croit voir de tempetes, 
 Et comme, il n'a feme qu' dpouvante et qu' horreur, 
 J] n'en rccueille enrin que trouble et que terreur." 
 
 HKRACLIUI. 
 
 After having proved with fuch perfpicuity, that 
 the French emigrants are not guilty of any poli- 
 tical crime, which reduces them to the neceflity 
 of having recourfe to an amnefty j that you 
 
 * Sprung from a vulgar flem, ignoble, mean, 
 S*:!f rai^s'd by treachery, to the royal fcene, 
 V^ho flora the r.inks, to honours dared afpire, 
 And dared to vindicate what his crimes inipire, 
 ] mplacable ; unbounded in his ra^e, 
 No fign of mercy fhewn to lex or age 
 }-' ; ; . great avidly and lu:t of fame, 
 
 mrrow up his foul, and damn his name, 
 And he who thus has fpurn'd at Heavens decrees 
 Mud howling, trembling fink to hell for eafe. 
 
 calumniate
 
 calumniate them in calling them de grandt 
 coupables, and much more fcandaloufly, as you 
 yourfelf have in many inftances committed to 
 their extent, the crimes which you falfely 
 impute to them, I might difpenfe with difcuffing 
 the amnefty which you offer them but this piece, 
 worthy ofTiberiusby its tyrannical difpofitions, by 
 its concealments, and by the obfcurity in which 
 you have enveloped it, deferves fome obferva- 
 tions. 
 
 It appears from the 2d and i ith articles of the 
 firft title, that you affign them the entire of the 
 tenth year, to avail themfelves of your amnefty, 
 and at the fame time referve to yourfelf, during 
 the fame period, the right of excluding thofe 
 whom you \vi(h to deprive of its benefits : the 
 emigrant however who arrives at the gate of your 
 kingdom, is compelled, ift to fwear allegiance 
 to you, 2dly to renounce the refources that his 
 fervices or thegenerouty of foreign nations, might 
 have granted him he will probably have expend- 
 ed in a long voyage, the pitiful means acquired 
 by his induftry, with the affiftance of whichihe 
 hoped to reach the hofpitable roof of a relaton 
 or friend, efcaped the ftorrn of the revolution, 
 and the egotifm that has frozen fo many hearts ; 
 he is now at your mercy he is between France, 
 from which you can exclude him, and the re- 
 mainder of the world, from which you have 
 forced him to exclude himfelf. If you rejecl him, 
 where will he return ? with what means ? The 
 very idea of his fate makes me fhudder there 
 have been before you, tyrants who have by force 
 extorted an unju't fubmiffion ; but it was referved 
 for you, to exacl: an oath of fidelity, from thofe 
 very perfons who you were refolved not to admit 
 under your authority. 
 
 H Your
 
 C & ) 
 
 Your exceptions in article ''X) mark your envi- 
 ous and vindictive character ; and evince that dark 
 and profound tyranny, which in the obfcurity of 
 its laws, contrives means to elude them. To 
 whom for example is it not manifeft, that in the 
 numbers ift, 4th, and 5th of article (X), it is 
 your envious difpofition, endeavours to exclude 
 from his country, that ikilful general (16), 
 who by his victories, has laid the foundation of 
 the grandeur and power of France ; a general 
 whom me can never regard as her enemy, for 
 having fupported the party of the national re- 
 prefentation againfl Barras. In the fixth number, 
 the bifhops, who were unwilling to Sacrifice their 
 religion to your aggrandizement, are the fubje.cts. 
 of your wrath you baniih rhem for difobedience 
 to an order which they never .received. For even 
 admitting the abfurd doctrine, that the Pope /V 
 authorized without fortnality, 'without legal procefs^ 
 without ajfigning to them the caufe, <wit! oul hcaung 
 ibeir defence., to difpofiefs the hi/hops of France of their 
 fees, it is a circumitance that cannot be diiputed, 
 that he never enjoined them to furreader their 
 ecclefiafucal fituations, but merely invited them 
 to refign them. 
 
 The exception in number 3 is flill more re- 
 markable : it affects thofe ce who fmce the 
 foundation of the republic preferved fituatioris 
 in the houfes of the ci-devant French princes. 3 ' 
 -sYou confider then, worthy of the honour of 
 being your fubjects, the infamous beings who 
 at the rlrft breeze of adverfity deftroyed the 
 tree that fupported them j who abandoned their 
 benefactor, and betrayed at once gratitude and 
 their oaths, in order to incorporate themfelves with 
 the aflaffins, who founded in. a deluge of blood, 
 
 (16) General Pichegru, 
 
 this
 
 this pretended republic, which you have made 
 your patrimony, ah! let them but live under 
 your laws let them be polluted by your favour. 
 In the indignation and contempt, with which they 
 infpire me, I would wi(h them no feverer punifh- 
 ment. You date then, the origin of your autho- 
 rity from the month of September, 1792 : from, 
 that deluge of crimes, which every party detefts, 
 -^-and which the greatefl criminals impute one to 
 the other from thofe times of horror which 
 caufed the appellation of Septemkrifeur to be re- 
 garded as a degradation. Your previous obfcu- 
 rity, renders it irnpoffible to afcertain the part 
 you took in the crimes, which preceded the maf- 
 iacre of the Toulonefe The Septcmbrifeurs, were 
 murderers in the heat of paffion, in inebriety and 
 phrenzy. But you, from this fmgle expreffion, 
 have difcovered the very bottom of your foul. 
 It is whhfang-froid, and after ten years of reflec- 
 tion, that you declare yourielf a Septembrifeur. 
 "What an abominable tyrant ! It is in order to fix 
 on your head the fovereignty of France, to per- 
 petuate it in your contemptible race, that you 
 open regifters to the French, and that you have 
 made your flatterers fuggeft to them the renewal 
 of the Salic law : the Salic law, in order to efta- 
 blilh for ever, the crovVn of France in the race of 
 the Corfican Buonaparte ! What audacity ! 
 
 And what then will be to thofe, who are re- 
 duced to the neceffity of availing thcmfeives of it, 
 the advantages of this amnefty, in the praife of 
 which your flatterers are fo zealous ? i'hey wiilbe 
 fubjeci for ten years, and probably during their 
 exiftence to your \ptc\z\jurueillance (17) and that 
 of your agents, and liable at all times to be torn 
 
 (17) Superintendence, 
 
 from
 
 ( 52 ) 
 
 from their homes, the only place perhaps, where, 
 men who for the moft part have loft every thing, 
 haveprdeved a mean of fubfiftence, ten years under 
 your furvei/lance ! that is to fay, ten years con- 
 demned to render an account of the moft indif- 
 fernet actions of their lives to this legion of fpies 
 and fatellites with whichy ou have inundated France, 
 and to Be fubject to their miftruft, to their caprice, 
 and their malice. Great God ! what horrible 
 flavery! (obferve the i2th, 1 3th and 1 4th articles) 
 it is true that the i5th article grants to them, 
 du rejle t ail the rights of citizens ; among 
 xv.hich is comprized, without doubt, the right of 
 being dragged by the confcription to the armies, 
 deftined to augment the number of your happy 
 fubjects : as for the difpofitions relative to property the 
 object of the 2d title, they are the complement of 
 the .code of fpoliation, propofed by Marat and 
 Danton, and brought to perfection by your Foreft 
 laws. -They have been framed by the fpoliators 
 againft the landed proprietors. Jufque datum 
 feeler i. 
 
 Your amnefty, then, is not a pardon in its 
 effects,- rfor it is not fo in right. It is a fnare, 
 xv.hich you holdout to your enemies to-degrade 
 them, and to inveigle them into your power. 
 
 It is an act of hypocrify to perfuade Europe, 
 
 that France is open to all her children, and, 
 that it is in the power of thofe, whom the 
 misfortunes of the times have feparated from 
 
 her, to enter, and refide there.- By this 
 
 conuud, you hope to reprefent in the minds of 
 ftrangers, thofe who reject your perfidious cle- 
 mency, as refractory and turbulent, who volun- 
 tarily, prolong, their misfortunes by an unwar- 
 ranted obftinacy, you v.iih to tear from them 
 that forrowful and .final refource, the efteem and 
 the companion that unfortunate virtue infpires, 
 
 in
 
 C 53 ) 
 
 in mort, inftead of a tolerable exiflence, you 
 offer them but humiliations, oppreflions and 
 raifery, without limits. I have not then any merit 
 in refuting your amnefty. It is to me more dread* 
 ful than even death. So long as you opprefs my 
 country, I may be carried there by force, but never 
 with my own confent will I enter it. 
 
 But even were your amnefty as full in its effe&s, 
 as it is fettered with reftriftions ? were it as gene- 
 rous, as liberal, as equitable in its difpofitions, as 
 it is impoifoned with reftraints, with oppreffions, 
 and indignities of every fpecies, have I a right 
 to accept it ? To a legitimate government acknow- 
 ledged for eight hundred years by the French 
 nation, I have fworn allegiance, you obferved 
 the fame conduct ; all France followed the exam- 
 pie: never was there a nation, more eager to ma- 
 nifeft its difpofitions, than (he was, at the period, 
 immediately preceding the convocation of the 
 flates general ; never can me manifeft a ftronger 
 or more liberal attachment to monarchical govern- 
 ment. To this univerfal acclamation which mani- 
 fefted itfelf in every heart, and every fpot in 
 France, will you oppofe the vow of the hero of 
 the baftile, the fanguinary fchemes of the con- 
 vention ; the fuffrages of the grenadiers of St. 
 Cloud, and of Lucien himfelf? will you oppofe 
 to it, thofe regifters, opened by order of your 
 chief valet Cambxceres, of this miferable being, 
 who is not authorized to dedree a badge of honour, 
 or to appoint a Gendarme ? Will you oppoie to 
 it, thofe Hits, where there is apparent but the 
 names of the fearful functionaries, that you have 
 nominated, and that you fupport ? The acts of 
 kindnefs with \vhichLouis XVI. loaded his people, 
 have they broke their engagements ? no, even 
 you dare not affert it, your crimes and your fuc- 
 
 tdi
 
 ( 54 ) 
 
 cefs do not conftitute in you, a right over any 
 perfon ; with my confent you fhall never poffefs 
 any over me. God received the oath which I 
 have fworn to my legitimate fovereign. I have 
 lived, and I ihall die faithful to my duty.
 
 NOTES. 
 
 (A) The ftate prifoners confined conflantly in 
 the Temple, gener.slly amount to 160 in num^ 
 ber, ninety of whom are forced to repofe on the 
 ground, there being but feventy places of accom- 
 modation. Exclufive of the Temple, there are 
 twelve other ftate prifons. How advantageoufly 
 lias the Baftile been replaced ! 
 
 (B) Captain Adams captured near the Cape of 
 Good Hope, a veffel employed by France u> the 
 tranfportatton of its inhabitants, and which wa* 
 returning from leaving them in the favage regioa 
 not far from Botany Bay,difcovered byPeroufe. 
 Another veflfei laden with the victims of bauifh- 
 ment, was attacked and funk by an Englifh Cor- 
 vette off the eaft coaft of America. 
 
 (C) The Houfe of France is traced back from 
 Henry IV. to Kobert Count of ClermOiit. fon of 
 St. Louis to Hughes of France, furnamed Capet 
 King of France in 98;, an epoch lince which 
 his family have reigied without interruption. 
 Hugh Capet was fan of Hugh the Great, Duke 
 and Marquis of France. Hugh the Great was 
 fon of Robert King of France who lucceeded his 
 brother Eudes; thefirft of his race that afcended 
 the throne of France in the year 888. Eudes 
 
 and
 
 ( 5 J 
 
 and Robert were defcended from Robert th<* 
 the flrong, Duke and Marquis of France, killed 
 in battle again ft the Normans in the year 886. 
 Robert the Strong,, furc a med - Macchabee, be- 
 caufe he perifhed like Macchabee in contending 
 with his enemies, for his country and his reli- 
 gion, -v;as descended from the nobleft and moft 
 courageous race of -the Franks. " Grtus ex 
 Ktbiaj/i-mo fartijfimoque Francorum ftcmmate," lay 
 the hiilorians of that age. 
 
 Yfter 'having rifen-tp the higheft pitch of human 
 grandeur, we muft defcend to the lowed mark 
 of degradation to difcpvcr the origin of this new 
 race, . whofe fhaixieful authority tarniihes the 
 glojy of France, and renders her in thq midfl of 
 h.r triumphs, an object of die pity and contempt 
 of Europe, which ihe has conquered. la 
 tracing its genealogy with attention, there are to 
 b<? found two or three generations of half favages, 
 handing down from father to fon for inheritance, 
 b'at,vpngeance and affaffination ; 110 matter .under 
 ^hat title, whether under that of Buonaparte,: 
 which Napoleone denies becauie it is his true 
 name, or under that of Bonaparte, which he has 
 afivjmed in order to pnfs for a Frenchman. We 
 have feen'by what a mixture of fuccefsful crimes, 
 and of unforgotten bafenefs, fortune has been 
 plcaled- to draw Napoleone from nothing. His 
 brother Jofcph, that honeft man of the family, 
 has.juft fufficlent i'enfe, to ,fign the treaties im- 
 pofed .by, the French arms, and- Concluded by 
 the cun.-iir.g Talleyrand and had juft fufficient 
 honcfty to cauie general Dephot to be killed, in . 
 ojder to furnifli an excufe for the pillage of 
 lome. The mofi rigorous jacobiniiin, and the 
 moft complete- immorality raife Locien above the- 
 vulgar, and renclc-r him particularly' adapted . . 
 
 to
 
 ( 57 ) 
 
 Id be the apoftle of the Gauls, and the reftorer 
 of the honour of France. As for Louis, Jere- 
 miah, and the other Petits Buonapartes, who the 
 ftrft Conful probably hold in referve, in waiting 
 for the opportunity of exhibiting them, and 
 enriching them at our expence, it is a fhame for 
 the French nation to be condemned to know 
 that fo many mean perfons are in exigence. 
 
 The alliances of the houfe of Buonaparte, are 
 worthy of her a Murat who propofed to the 
 Jacobin club, to change his name to Marat to 
 eternize the name of this apoftle of liberty and 
 humanity, a Leclerc adjutant general of the 
 maflacres of Toulon, elected by this army of 
 Jacobins to give an account to their Parifian 
 friends, of that noble expedition which he per- 
 formed on the 28th December, 1793 a Baciccbi^ 
 who the family hold in contempt, becaufe he has 
 not rifen from his obfcurity by the commiffion of 
 crimes. The French fhould recollect that the 
 individuals who fome time ago lived on chell- 
 nuts, or the trivial products of a filthy induftrv, 
 poffeis without an exception, every place of 
 rank in the city or country, every eftate, every 
 property, and above all a fcandalous luxury. 
 Who has enriched them ? Impoverimed France;, 
 become the conqueft of, and thanks to the auguft 
 fenate, the eternal patrimony of a Coriican and 
 his confidents. 
 
 (D) The carriers at the port of Genoa, were 
 fo called, becaufe a great number of them came 
 from the mountains Q .T.crjamo. 
 
 (E) The family of Buonaparte ftill remains is 
 the greateft obfcurity, while every inhabitant of 
 France is acquainted with the family of Bean- 
 
 . Thanks to the Duke St. Simon, r 
 
 I inforr 1 ?
 
 ( 58 ) 
 
 inforhis us in his memoirs of the ridiculous 
 by which it was known, at the period, when the 
 Regent furlered it to be changed for the one" 
 which it at prefent bears. 
 
 (F) I have alluded to tranfportations. More 
 than iixty officers, attached to royalty, were fhot 
 in Bretagne, in direct oppofition to the pofitive 
 capitulation concluded with them. Mr. Frotte 
 invited to conclude a treaty, was arrefted at the 
 very place where he had gone for the purpofe, 
 and fhared the fame fate. Several chiefs, con- 1 
 trary to the covenant made with them, are de- 
 tained in the different forts. The greater part 
 of the emigrants, whom Buonaparte Iuffered to 
 return to France, in \irtue of his amnefly, had 
 icarcely arrived, when he caufed to be. difpofed 
 of by lale, the effecls which might have remain- 
 ed to them in fequeilration- Such is the juftice, 
 the clemency, and the good faith of this manj, 
 on whom his agents lavifh their adulations. The 
 tyrant Nero when living found a ienate to con*- 
 fecrate the memory of his crimes, and even the 
 murder of his mother. But w T heu the world was 
 delivered of this tyrantj that very fenate de- 
 jftroyed the ftatues they had raifed to him, and 
 the people who had before fo frequently applaud- 
 .ed him at the theatre, fought his body to drag it 
 to the Gcimnies ( 1 8). Become by your brutal 
 and favage difpolition, more odious than even 
 Nero, to thofe who hare the misfortune to ferve 
 you, you will not even find like him, a Have to 
 icatter a particle of earth upon your corpfe. 
 
 (G) The atrocity wihich exifls in the laws, re- 
 lative to emigration is not fufficiently known, 
 
 ( 18) The burying ground of raalefadors, 
 
 M, Male-
 
 M. Maleftierbes, his wife, his children, and 
 grand children, perimed by the Guillotine ia 
 prefence of each other. Three generations cut 
 off at once, for no other crime than that M. Ma- 
 lefherbes had as legal counfel pleaded the caufe 
 of the King, his fovereign, before the Convention. 
 If this generous magiftrate, poflefling a better 
 knowledge of the villains under \vhofe axe he 
 lived, had preferred his life, and that of his 
 family by flight, which his death would have but 
 too well juftified, he would have been, by the 
 law ena&ed by Marat, declared an emigrant, 
 and by the fupplementary law refpe<5ting forefts, 
 enacted by Buonaparte, who lately through 
 oftentation, ere&ed a monument to his memory, 
 would have feen himfelf deprived by the confi'f- 
 cation of his woods, of the laft fupport of his 
 old age, and of his family. It is too much to 
 pretend to enjoy at the fame time, the profits of 
 iniquity, and the honours of virtue. 
 
 (H) The following is the ftrift meaning of 
 this Latin prayer, which you have inferted in your 
 new liturgy. " We render you Lord our fuppli- 
 " cations for Napoleons Buonapane, wbo maj] acred 
 " at Paris 8000 of our fellow-citizens , rebels to 
 " Barras, and at Toulon 1 500 rebels to Robefpierre; 
 li for Cambaceres who voted for the a jpijjt nation of 
 " our legitimate Monarch Louis XVI , whcfe life ivas 
 " devoted to our happinefs ; and for a third Confu!, 
 <c iv/jofe name we are not iveli acquainted ^vitb, 
 ft having never, citber previous to or fubfequeni to bis 
 " Confulate, even heard it 
 
 (I) The demifilon? 4 ry Archbimop of Aix, fe- 
 ledled for this fcandalous purpofe, preaching the 
 three preceding years in the Spanilh Catholic 
 Chapel in Lpndonj faid : " Nous ne pretorcns point
 
 ( 60 ) 
 
 " de Sermcns, u'wlateurs de nos Sermens." (19) 
 But at that period Suwarrow was at Turin, and 
 the Archduke Charles at Zurich, Whether 
 does this Archbifhop pay more adoration to 
 Chrift or to Fortune ? 
 
 (K) The moft celebrated poet of our age com- 
 poied, " fur le Malheur et la Pitie, a poem 
 worthy of his genius. This poem, immortal as 
 its fubjecl, does not infpire a pretended or fruit- 
 lefs compaflion it foftens every heart it effects 
 repentance-^it conduces to juftice by pity in 
 no part, does the bitternefs of refentment inter.- 
 fere with the melody of its cantos ; the detail of 
 misfortunes infpires but the delire of repairing, 
 not avenging them. It is not thee immortal 
 De/Hle, but chriftian charity, that fpeaks by thy 
 mouth ! Fouche fent for the printer, no doubt, 
 for the purpofe of telling him, that this poem 
 ihall be publifhed at the expence of the nation, 
 no! your minifter prepared an aft of. tyranny 
 unexampled even in our day's, he told him : " / 
 *' cannot prevent your foreign officiates from pub- 
 " It/king the poem which has *' .Is Malheur et la 
 " Pitie," for its fubjeft, but, if they do, you Jhali 
 4: be confined in the Temple. 
 
 (19) w We will not violate our Oath 
 
 NOTE
 
 61 
 
 NOTE ON FOUCHE. 
 
 EX-MONK, EX-MINISTER, SENATOR, FRIEND TO NA- 
 
 POLEON BUONAPARTE' AND COLLOT D'IIEREOIS- 
 
 Extracted from the Monlteur du quart idi 
 Frimaire Van lid de la republic, &c. (24th No- 
 vembers 1793.) No. 64, page 258, id column. The 
 reprefentatives of the people, FOUCHE' of NANTES, 
 and COLLOT d'HERBOis, to the National Conven- 
 tion. Commune Affranchie* : , i6lh Brumairs zd 
 year of the Republic. 
 
 CITIZEN COLLEAGUES. 
 
 We purfue our miffion with the energy of re- 
 publicans, who feel the profound fentiments of 
 their characters. We will not defcend from the 
 Jhigh fituation in which the people have placed 
 us, to occupy ourfelves with the miferable in- 
 tereft of men more or lefs culpable towards their 
 country we have removed from us every indi- 
 vidual, becaufe we have DO time to lofe, no fa- 
 vours to beftow, we ought not, nor do we, con- 
 fider any thing but the republic but your de- 
 
 * Lyons.
 
 trees which enjoin us to give a great example, 
 a glorious leflfon ; we liften but to the cry of the 
 people, who wifh that the blood of patriots, fhall 
 be avenged in a fpeedy and terrible manner, in 
 order that humanity may have no reafon to la- 
 ment in. feeing it flow afrefh. Convinced that 
 there does not exifl in this city a fingle innocent, 
 but he who was opprefled and loaded with irons 
 by the affaffins of the people, we miftruft the 
 tears of repentance : nothing can weaken our fe- 
 verity. Thofe who feek x to furprife you thofe 
 who have lately extorted from you a refpite for 
 ^ prifoner, have fufficiently experienced it we 
 are on the fpot, you have inverted us with your 
 authority, and we have not been coufulted! 
 
 It is incumbent on us to tell you, Citizen Col- 
 leagues, that indulgence is a dangerous weak- 
 nets, apt to rekindle criminal hopes, at the very 
 time when it is neceflfary to deftroy them : it has 
 been urged in favour of an individual, it has been 
 fblicited in favour of all thofe fimilarly circum- 
 ilanced with him, for the purpofe of rendering 
 illufory, the effects of your juftice. No one has 
 yet dared to alk you for the report of your firft 
 decree relative to the annihilation of the City of 
 Lvon.', but fcarcely has any thing been done to 
 execute it. The deftrudlions are too flow re- 
 publican impatience requires means more rapid. 
 The explonon of the mine, and the devouring 
 alivity of the flame, can alone exprefs the extent 
 of the popular power % Their will cannot be 
 checked ; like that of tyrants, it fhould have the 
 effe& of thonder. 
 
 (Signed) COLLOT d'HsiiBois, AND Fouciip, 
 
 .Mcnlteur
 
 64 
 
 Moult eur du i$tb Frimaire, ann II. (3^ Decent* 
 
 A''0 f l' 2 f l #. 2Q4.. 
 
 ' >-" i rf'T 
 
 Citizen Colleagues, 
 
 We fend you the buft of Chalier and his mu- 
 tilated head, fuch as it is, efcaped the third time 
 the axe of his atrocious murderers. No indulgence 
 Citizens Colleagues, no delays, no lenity in the 
 punifhmeut of crimes, if you wifh to produce a 
 lalutary eflfedt. The kings obferved lenity in 
 puiiifhments, becaule they were feeble and cruel. 
 The juftice of the people mould be as prompt, 
 as the expreflion of their wim. We have ufed 
 efficacious means to mark their entire power, fo 
 as to ferve as a leffon to every rebel : we will not 
 addrefs you on the fubjeft of priefts, they have 
 not the privilege to occupy us in particular; \ve 
 do not make a trifle of their impositions. They 
 domineered over the confcience x>f the people 
 they have led them aftray they are accomplice* 
 in all the blood that has been Ihed ; their fen^ 
 tence is pronounced. We daily avail curfelve? 
 f new treafures. 
 
 {Signed) COLLOT d'HERBois AND FOUCHB.
 
 C 64 ) 
 
 Moniieur du Quintidi y $th Nivofe, ann II. 
 December, 1793.) -M?- 35> M^ 338. 
 
 FOUCHE to COLLOT d'HERBOis, his Colleague and 
 Friend, Member of the Committee of "Public Safety. 
 
 And we my friend, we have contributed to 
 the taking of Toulon, in fp reading terror among 
 the cowards who entered it in prefenting to 
 their view, thoufands of the dead bodies of their 
 accomplices the war is terminated, if we know 
 how to put this memorable vi&ory to advantage. 
 Let us be terrible, not fearful of becoming 
 feeble, or cruel ; let us annihilate by one ftrokc 
 of our vengeance, every Rebel, every Confpi- 
 rator, every Traitor in order to fpare us the 
 grief and trouble of punifhing them after the 
 manner of Monarchs Let us exercife Juftice 
 after the manner of Nature Let us avenge cur* 
 f elves like men Let us ft r ike like thunder, and let 
 the very afnes of our enemies difappcar from the foil of 
 Liberty Let the ferocious Englifb be affailed on all 
 fides i and let the tr.lire Republic \ like a Volcano dart 
 on them the d-t\: r ,'>iiiig Lava Let the infamous 
 ]Jland that prod i.\\ d ihcfe Monfters, grangers to hu 
 
 ma n iij, be for rUf iu.isdin the Sea. Adieu my 
 
 Friend, I am overcome with JOY. Her tears in- 
 undate my very Soul The Courier awaits 
 I will write by the ordinary McfTenger. 
 
 (Signed) FOTJCHE. 
 
 P . There is but one manner of celebrating 
 this Victory; we fend this evening 213 Rebels 
 /Vvr etre welrailhr. (20) 
 
 (;rj To be Ivr.vcd do\vn with Grape fhof. 
 
 f?v
 
 ( 65 ) 
 
 Tranjlation of the Proclamation circulated by Buo- 
 naparte in the Arabian Language, upon his land- 
 ing in Egypt. 
 
 . In the name of God, gracious and merciful.-* 
 There is no God, but God, he has neither fun nor 
 affbciate in his 'kingdom* 
 
 INHABITANTS OF EGYPT. 
 
 When the Beys endeavour to perfuade you, 
 that the French have come here for the purpofe 
 of deftroying your religion, o!o not credit their 
 alTertions. It is an abtblute falfehood. Anfwer 
 thofe deceivers, that the French are only come 
 to refcue the rights of the poor from the hands 
 o.f their tyrants. Tell them that the French adore 
 the Supreme Being, and honour the Prophet 
 Mahomet and his Holy Koran. The French are 
 MufTulmen. The period is not remote when 
 they marched to Rome and deftroyed the 
 throne of the Popes* who excited Chriftians 
 againft the profeflfors of Iflam (the Mahometan 
 Religion) they afterwards directed their courfe 
 to Malta, and expelled from that ifland, the 
 Infidels, who believed themfelves called on by 
 Heaven to wage war againft Muflulmen. 
 
 K HISTORICAL
 
 C 66 ) 
 
 HISTORICAL NOTE RESPECTING NAPOLEONE 
 BUONAPARTE'. 
 
 Napoleone Buonaparte, born at Ajacio, one 
 year prior to the conqueft of Corfica, was edu- 
 cated at the Military Academy by the bounty 
 of Louis the XVI. He afterwards made him an 
 Officer of Artillery. Thofe ajfts * of kindnefs 
 have not been able to foften his rage againft the 
 French people. From an Officer of Artillery, 
 he was, in confequence of the retreat of feveral 
 Officers of his Corps, appointed in 1793, at the 
 period of the levy of 300,000 Volunteers, to 
 the command of the Battalion of Ajacio The 
 Englifh fquadfon threatened Cornea. Napoleone 
 as faithful to the New Republic, as he had been to 
 his King, propofed to the Englifh Admiral to fur- 
 render him the Ifland ; the Admiral rejected his 
 propofitions, aware of the infignificance of the 
 man who made them. The Republican General, 
 fufpe&ing his treachery fuperfeded him, and 
 removed him to the Continent. He remained 
 concealed in the environs of Marfeilles, until 
 Barras and the other Deputies collected an army 
 againft Toulon. The Corfican, perceiving an 
 opportunity of fhedding the blood of France, 
 recovered his Republicanifm, and there being a 
 deficiency of Artillery Officers, he ferved as 
 Chief of Battalion^ The maffacres at Toulon 
 raifed him to the rank of General of Brigade. 
 After the death of Robefpierre, the dregs of 
 every nation, eftablimed in the houfes of the 
 murdered or fugitive Toulonefe, marched 
 againft Marfeilles. Napoleone was one of their 
 Chiefs under the command of Cadroi andMar- 
 riette, the Troops of the line and National 
 Guards of Marfeilles, defeated them near Cujes 
 Napoleone made his efcape to Nice, where he was 
 
 arrefted
 
 arrefted by the Commander of the Gendarmerie> 
 who had orders to fend him to Paris. This an- 
 tient Officer, Lieutenant-colonel in the Depart- 
 ment of the Lower Alps, was fuperfeded by Bar- 
 ras in 1797 to revenge the Corlican, then General 
 of the French Forces in Italy. Pardoned like 
 the other Terror'ifts^ he kept himfelf concealed in 
 Paris, under the roof of his friend Baptifte, a 
 Comedian of the Theatre of the Republic, until 
 a new opportunity of ihedding French blood 
 drew the Hyena from his Den. He offered his 
 fervices to Barras ; who, having already witnefled 
 his exertions, accepted them the i$tb Vende- 
 miaire. For the fuccefs of this forrowful day, 
 he recompenfed him by the hand of an Andro- 
 mache of whom he was tired, and gave him the 
 command of the Army of Italy, which he 
 flrengthened by every means, until then refufecj 
 to Scherer. 
 
 Since the period at which thefe circumftances 
 occurred, the world has witnefled this new Attila 
 in action in Italy, at Malta, in Syria, in Ger- 
 many, in Switzerland, in St. Domingo, and above 
 all in France ; it has feen him to the eternal 
 fhame of the prefent generation, deftroy, create, 
 and difpofe of kingdoms as fo many head of 
 cattle ; and it is the defpotifm of fuch a man, 
 that his afFociates and the cowards who dread 
 him, prefent to the French Nation, as the only 
 afylum againft the return of Terrorifm, and to 
 Europe, as a ftiield againft the Revolutionary 
 Principles which his emhTaries, Brune, Sebaf- 
 tiani, Otto, &c. &c. arc fo zealoufly difierai- 
 nating in every part of the world. In vain do 
 thofe men to whom Buonaparte grants their 
 fhare of the fpoils of the world, infinuate to 
 the Army, that he alone is worthy of being their 
 Chief, and that their legitimate King cannot 
 
 feel
 
 ( 68 ) 
 
 feel attached to them. Why would Louis .XVIII. 
 hate the brave inhabitants of France, who, con- 
 fining themielves to their honourable profeffion, 
 have made their Country triumph over the 
 attacks of Foreign Armies ? what better Army, 
 or one more glorioufly proved, could he defire ? 
 Jn fhort, does not this Prince feel, as well as the 
 entire army itfeif, that it is not with one or two 
 hundred Officers at moft, who remain of the 
 great number, who followed him in his exile, 
 that he can replace i$oo Officers, abfolutely 
 necefTary for the totality of the French Army. 
 The Generals and Officers who by their talents 
 and bravery have raifed themielves to the. diffe- 
 rent gradations in the Militia, will find in this 
 legal Monarch, iriflead of an Adventurer whom 
 they defpife, a Commander worthy of them ; 
 and under the Monarchy, that ftalpility which is 
 exclusively attached to it, and which, perpetuating 
 their perlbnal elevation in their families, will 
 eternalize the recompenfes that fhould only 
 ceafe with the advantages which their fervices 
 have rendered to France,- Who can fuppole 
 that it is in the perfon of the moft iHuftrious 
 difciple of the fchool of Robefpierre, that an 
 'Afylum againft the return of Terrorifm is to be 
 fought ? In one word, the period of illulion is 
 parted, and every wifh anticipates an event which 
 alone can render happinefs to France, and re pole 
 to Europe. Buonaparte has, in the moft folenm 
 manner, acknowledged his Matter and King, by 
 the very propofal he has dared to make him, to 
 abdicate his Crown -never will the French peo- 
 ple forget the infolence of the demand of the 
 Ufurper faever will they forget the dignity of 
 the reply of their legitimate Monarch. 
 
 DECREE
 
 ( 69 ) 
 DECREE RELATIVE TO EMIGRANTS. 
 
 TITLE I. 
 
 Difpofitions refpeling the Perfons of Emigrants, 
 
 Article I, It is enacted, that an amnefty mail 
 be granted to every perfon charged with the crime 
 of emigration, whofe names have not been already 
 definitively erafed from the lift. 
 
 II. That the emigrants fhall return to France 
 before the 22d of September, 1802. 
 
 III. That, on their return, they fhall declare 
 before any of the commiflioners appointed for 
 that purpofe, in the cities of Calais, Brufiells, 
 Mayence, Strafburg, Geneva, Nice, Bayonne, 
 Perpignan, and Bourdeaux, that they enter the 
 territories of the republic in virtue of the 
 amnefty. 
 
 IV. That this declaration fhall be accompanied 
 by an oath of fidelity to the government eftablifh- 
 ed by theconftitution ; and not to maintain either 
 directly or indirectly any connection or corref- 
 pondence with the enemies of the republic. 
 
 V. That thofe who fhall have obtained from 
 foreign powers either place, title, diftinction, or 
 pennon, fhall declare the fame before the above- 
 mentioned commiflioners, and formally renounce 
 the fame. 
 
 VI. That, in failing to enter France before 
 the 2 id of September, 1802, and of complying 
 with the conditions required in the preceding 
 articles, they fhall forfeit the privileges of the 
 amnefty, and fhall be definitively maintained on 
 the lift of emigrants, if they do not produce latif- 
 factory proof, of the impofiibility of entering it 
 before the period fixed j and, if they do not, 
 
 befides s
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 befides, mew that they have complied with, prior 
 to the expiration of the fame period, before the 
 envoys of the republic, fent into the country where 
 they refide, the aforefaid conditions. 
 
 VII. That thofe who are adually in France, 
 fhajl, under the pain of the fame forfeiture, and of 
 definitive maintenance on the lift of emigrants, 
 make, within a month from the date of the prefent 
 aft, before the prefect of the department where 
 they refide, the fame declarations, oaths and renun- 
 ciations. 
 
 VIII. That the commiffioners and prefects ap^ 
 pointed to receive them, fhall tranfmit without 
 delay to the minifter of police, a duplicate of the 
 cafe which mail have been drawn up; upon an ex- 
 amination of the certificate, the minifter of police 
 /hall prepare, if necefTary, a certificate of amnefty, 
 which he will fend to the minifter of juftice, by 
 whom it will be figned and delivered to the indi- 
 vidual whom it concerns. 
 
 IX. That the aforefaid individual fhall refide 
 at the place where he fhall have made the declara- 
 tion of his entrance into the territory of the re- 
 public, until the delivery of the certificate of 
 amnefty. 
 
 X. That the following fhall be excluded from 
 the prefent amnefty: ift, Thofe who have been 
 chiefs of armed affemblages againft the republic 
 2d, Thofe who hold commiffions in the armies of its 
 enemies 3d, Thofe who, fmce the foundationofthe 
 republic, have preferved places in the cftablifhment 
 of the ci-devant French princes 4th, Thofe who 
 are known to have been, or who are at prefent,, 
 inftigators or agents of civil or foreign war 5th, 
 The naval and military commanders 5 as alfo the 
 reprefentatives of the people, who have rendered 
 themfelves guilty of treafon to the republic 6th, 
 The archbifhops and bifhops who, difavowing 
 
 legitimate
 
 legitimate authority, have refufed to refign their 
 fees. 
 
 XI. That the number of emigrants definitively 
 maintained on the lift, mall not exceed one thou- 
 fand ; five hundred of whom are to be named 
 before the zid of September. 
 
 XII. That the pardoned emigrants, as well as 
 all thofe who have been definitively erafed, fince 
 the decree of the Co'nfuls of the i9th of October, 
 1801, mall remain during ten years under the 
 fpecial fupeiintendence of government, from the 
 day on which they have been erafed, or delivered 
 the certificate of amnefty. 
 
 XIII. That government (hall be authorifed, if 
 neceflary, to oblige thofe, fubjed to this fpecia! 
 fuperintendence, to remove from their accuftomed 
 residences to the diftance of twenty leagues. That 
 they (hall be further obliged to remove to a 
 greater diftance, mould circumftances require it ; 
 but that the latter requifition mail not be enforced 
 until the Privy Council mail have fanctioned it. 
 
 XIV. That after the expiration of ten years 
 of fuperintendence, every individual, againft whom 
 the government fliaH not be obliged to have re- 
 courfe to the meafure fpecified in the preceding 
 article, (hall ceafe to be fubject to the before- 
 mentioned fuperintendence : that government 
 fhall have the power of prolonging it, to the: 
 lives of thofe againft whom fuch a meafure (hall 
 be deemed necelfary. 
 
 XV. That the individuals fubject to the fpecial 
 fuperintendence of government, mall enjoy al! the 
 rights of a citizen of France, 
 
 TITLE
 
 TITLE II. 
 
 'Difpofitians refpefiing Properly. 
 
 XVI. That the pardoned emigrants fiiall not in 
 
 any cafe, plunder any pretext, fue for the (hares of 
 
 j^gfuccefiioi^pr fucceffion, or any acts and arrange- 
 
 mei4|, if!a<f)i>between the republic and individuals 
 
 before" the pyefent amnefty. 
 
 X1I. IJhat fuch of their properties as remain* 
 in the hands of the nation (except the woods and 
 forefts declared by the law of the 22d of Decem- 
 ber, #795? of the fourth year of the republic, to 
 be unalienabiej the immoveable property afiigned 
 to the fer^iq| of the nation, the rights upon th^e 
 great ca^its^|ai^ dividends of ftock fmce their 
 ^emigratioli),fl^aTl be reftored to them without 
 reftitution of revenue^ which, conformable to the 
 confular decree of the i^th of July, 1799, (hould 
 belong to. the republic, until the day on which 
 their certificate of amnefty mould be delivered. 
 
 That the prefent Senatus Confulte mall be 
 tranfmitted by a deputation to the Conful of the. 
 Republic. 
 
 (Signed) TRONCHET, Prefident. 
 
 CHASSEL and SERRURIER. 
 
 By ordef of the Prefervative,, Senate, 
 
 Secretary-Ger^eral, CAUCKY, 
 
 THE END,

 
 A 000 395 641 4
 
 V 
 
 5 
 
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