;; ti v ■. THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES V^v:y^ m ;s?^v i THE LITUKGIES OP SS, MAPtK, JAMES, CLE:\rENT, CHPtYSOSTOM, AND BASIL, AND THE CHUIiCH OE MALABAli. ho. t^\i, EXPLANATION OF FBONTISPIECB. The Fkoktispiece is taken from one of the Beries ol nine plates in a beautiful MS. of the Greek Liturgies now in the Vatican; but, in a.d. 1600, in the Monastery of S. Mary at Gethsemane. They have been engraved by Cardinal Mai, in the Sixth volume of the " NovaBibliotheca." The intention of the designer is to show the fellows-ministration of angels with men iu the Liturgj-. This i?late (the sixth) represents the Great Entrance : (see pp. xxLx. and 108). The Priest, carried by angels, brings in the chalice covered with the aer : in his right hand, he holds the paten, covered with its veil. The door, oat of whicli he comes, is that of the prothesis. The Deacon, with a taper, and the stole marked with the Ter Sanctns, bows. To the right, an archimandrite stands up: by him is S. Michael : in answer to the prayer, " Grant that with our entrance may be an entrance of the holy angels." In front of the altar, the Priest is represented again : he wears the stoicliarion, or alb ; over it a plain phcelonion, or chasuble : on his left (by the designer's mistake for his right) is seen a part of the epigonation. On the altar are the two tapers : the chalice, covered with the aer; the asterisk covered with the veil ; and behind, the books of the Epistles and Gospels. The Great Entrance, as we shall see, is the grandest piece of ritual in the Eastern Ghuich, and mystically represents the Incarnation. Cljr ilitiirsies OF SS. MAEK, JAMES, CLEMENT, CHEYSOSTOM, AND BASIL, AND THE CHURCH OF MALABAR. TBANSLATED, WITH INTEODUCTION AND APPENDICES, BY THE REV. J. M. NEALE, D.D., SOltf.Tl'.U: ■.VAttDKX OF S.^CIIVILLE COLLEGE, EAST GRINSTEAD, THE JIEV. R. F. LITTLEDALE, LL.D,, BOilKTIMK BCIIOLAB OF THINITY COLLEOE, DUBLIN SEVENTU EDITION LONDON GRIFFITH FARRAN & CO., Limitbd NEWBERY HOUSE, 39 CHARING CU088 ROAD 37 tT PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. In this re-issue of the English Version of tlie Primitive Liturgies, the translation has been care- fully revised and compared with the original texts, and a few additional notes have been appended to elucidate difficulties. The Liturgy of S. Basil, already printed in the Greek edition which ranges with this volume, is now given in English also. And the Appendix of Formuhe of Institution has not only been corrected, but also very considerably increased, as it now contains excerpts from the Ana- phorae of twenty-four Liturgies either unknown to Dr. Neale or beyond his reach at the time when tlie first edition of this book was published. These (dis- tinguished by asterisks) are taken from Syriac and Ethiopic MSS. in the British Museum, and I am indebted to my brother-in-law, Dr. Wright, lor tlio extracts and versions. I have added references to their places in the Museum Catalogue, to facilitato the studies of those who may desire to examine them for themselves. It is unnecessary to dwell on the cumulative wei;rht of so much additional 1 iiA r,'y:<'^ vi PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. testimouy to the liturgical doctrines and usages of ancient Christendom, all the more cogent and valuable because of the innumerable minor variations of phrase and structure which prove the independ- ence of the witnesses, and it will suffice to say that only in the light of these documents is it possible to interpret truly the language of the Fathers touching the Holy Eucharist. R. F. L. London, Julii^ 1S60. PREFACE. As I have said in the Introduction to ray Edition of the Liturgies in Greek, it has for many years been my desire to render these most pm-e sources of Eucharistical Doctrine accessible to all my brethren. Hitherto the whole of them have not been pro- curable in Greek, except with difficulty, and at a heavy expense : in English, not at aU. I had not, however, intended to translate them ; but the united advice of all the Ecclesiastical Reviews, and of many private friends, and many Priests with whom I was previously unacquainted, has encouraged me to undertake that task also : — and the result is now before the reader. A brief introduction is prefixed ; but to enter, in such vei7 narrow limits, at any satisfactory length on the 8ul)ject, is impossible. The reader wlio desires to study it more deeply may consult : — 1. Mr. Palmer's Essays on the Eastern Church : 2. My own Introduction to its Histoi-y : 3. (which may easily be procured through Messrs. Williams uud Norguto,) the translation of Vlll PEEFACfc;. M. Monravieff's work on the Eastern Eitnal, by Theodore Ballianus. {i'Tria-ToXal irepl rwv lepcov aKoXovdioiv rri■ anaphoral, slightly altered from my S. .TjS^jks) Introduction. S. Clement. The pro-anaphoral portion, new : the anaphoral, corrected from Dr. Brett's Translation. S. Chrysostom ■) Slightly altered fi'om my In- TiiE Prothesis 5 troduction. The Malabar Liturgy — entirely new. I have endeavoured, most carefully, to abstain in my notes from all polemical remarks; but one observation I should not feel justified in omitting. For nearly twenty years these, and the other early Liturgies, have been my daily study : there are very few passages in them which I could not repeat by heart ; and scarcely any important works on the subject which I have not read. I may there- fore claim some Httle right to be heard with respeci, to them. And I say most imhesitatingly, that PREFACE. IZ while I can conceive that some passages in them might be tortured into a Calviuistic sense, were sufiBcient ingenuity employed; no ingenuity can make any single clause even patient of the theory of equivalence, which the " Opinion" of a Scotch Bishop seems to endorse. If that theory be true, the Eucharistic teaching of every Eastern Liturgy is absolutely false. I would conclude by praying that the doctrine of these Liturgies may spread more and more widely amongst us ; and that this poor little effort of mine may be blessed to that end. SackvilU College, Michaehnoi, 1850. iNTRODTICTION. 1. Litun/ical Families. 1. Primitive Liturgies may be divided into five principal families. (1.) That of S. James, or Jeru- salem ; (2.) That of S. Mark, or Alexandria; (3.) That of S. Thaddeus, or the East ; (4.) Tlmt of S. Peter, or Eome ; (5.) Tliat of S. John, or Ephesus. 2. That of Jerusalem may be divided into three branches : the Clementine, Cesarean, and liiero- Bolymitan.(') 8. Of these, the Clementine has no branches. 4. Tlie normal form of tlie Ctesarean Liturgy is that of .S'. Bfisil. This on the one hand branclics out into that of S. ChnjuoHlom ; on the other, into the Armenian. 5. The norm of the liierosolymitan fiiniily is the Liturgy of S. James : and this family hat> three (i) In my Inirocliiclion to the History of the Holy Eiistero Churcli I had cIuhkuiI tlie Clcmoiitiiio Liturgy by ituclf; but Dr. Daniel, in his obHcrvdtions on my booh, HceniH to me to liftve shewn that it has a very close connection with the Liierosolymitan, or, as he prefers to call it, Antiochone. Xii INTRODUCTION. divisions. (1.) SiciJian S. James, as said in that island before the Saracen conquest, and partly assi- milated to the Petrine Liturgy. (2.) S. Cyril : where used uncertain, but assimilated to the Alexandrian form. (3.) Syriac S. James, the source of the largest number of extant Liturgies. They are these : [1.] Lesser S. James. [2.] S. Clement. [3.] S. Mark. [4.1 S. Dionysius. [5.] 8. Xystus. [6.] S. Ignatius. [7.] S. Peter I. [8.] S. Peter II. [9.] S. Julius. [10.] S. John Evanyelist. [11.] S. Basil. [12.] (5.) Dioscorus. [13.] S. John Chrysostum I. [14.] All Apostles. [15.] S. Maruthas. [16.] S. Eustathius. [17.] Philoxenus of Mabug I. [18.] Matthew the Shepherd. [19.] James Baradaeus. [20.] James of Batnoi. [21.] James of Edessa. [22.] Moses Bar- Cephas. [2Q.] Thomas of Her aclea. [2i.] Holy Doctors, [25.] Philoxenus of Mabug II. [26.] S. John Chry- sostom, II. [27.] AUClfaraj I. [28.] John of Vara. [29.1 S. Celest^ne. [30.J John Bar-Susan. [31.] Ele- azar of Babylon. [d2.] John the Scribe. \3Q.] John Maro. [34.] Dionysius of Cardu. [35.] Michael of Antioch. [36.] John Bar-Vahib. [37.] John Bar- Maaddn. [38.] Dionysius of Diarhekr. [39.] Philo- xenus of Bagdad. [4.0. ] S. Gregory Nazianzen. [41.] qyriacus of Antioch. [42.] Dionysius Bar-Salibi. [43.] Abulfaraj 11. All these, from Syriac S. James in- clusive, are Monophysite Liturgies. 6. The norm of the Alexandrian family is S. Mark. From this are derived these Liturgies : (1.) S. Cyril. (2.) S. Gregory. (3.) S. Basil. INTKODTTCTION. X.U1 From S. Basil another family springs, used iu Ethiopia, and for the most part very barbarous. The norm of this is the Lititrrpj of all Apostles. From this, as from their source, spring the following Liturgies : [1.] S. John Evangelist. [2.] Tlie Three Hundred and Eighteen. [3. J S. Epiphanius. [4.] James of Serug. [5.] Our Lord Jesus I. [6.] (S.) Diuscorusl. [1.] S. Gregory of Armenia. [8.] S. Mary». [9.] S. John Chrgsostom. [10.] S. Gregory of Alex- andria. [11.] S. Basil. [12.] S. Cyril. ' [13.] S. Athanasius, [14.] Dioscorus II. [15.] Our LoBi> Jesus //. [16.] All Aiiostles II. There is a bastard Liturgy between Egyptian S. Basil and Syriac S. James, called John of Ba.ssora. 7. The Eastern family is much less numerous. The norm of this is All Apostles. From tliis there spring (1.) Theodore the interpreter. (2.) Xestorius. (3.) Narses the Leper. (4.) The Liturgy of Malabar or •b". Thomas. But this last is rather collateral with, tlian derived from. All Apostles. The first four of these are Nestorian. The lifth, originally Nestoriau, has since become Jacobite. 8. The Pctrine family has only one Liturgy, the Roman. There is a bastard between Eastern and Petrino, called liomano-Chaldee. 9. The Eplicsino family may bo divided into two orders, (1.) The Mozarabic. (2.) The Gulhcan. But springing from the mixture of these with the XiV INTRODUCTION. Roman, are [1.] The Ambrosian lAtiirgy. [2.] The Vatriarchine, or that used in the province of Aquileia. And these are all. II. Difference between Eastern and Western Liturgies. By Eastern, I mean those of S. James, S. Mark, S. Thaddeus, S. John. 1. The Eastern have, the Western have not, o distinct invocation of the Holy Ghost, withoul which the transmutation of the Elements is not considered perfected. It is true that this has heen obliterated from the Mozarabic rite, but there it was originally : in the Galilean it is still visible. 2. The Western — and that of S. John — have varying Collects, as well as Epistles and Gospels — the others have not. 3. The three purely Eastern — S. James, S. Mark, and S. Thaddeus — have only one Preface for every day in the year. 4. The Mozaiabic, Galilean, and Ambrosian, have a different one for every festival : the Eoman had, and has several still. INTEODUCTION. XV III. Distinctive marks of Oriental Liturrjies. These are principally to be found iu the position of the intercession for quick and dead. (1.) In the Hierosolymitan family, it is between the Invocation of the Holy Ghost and the Lord's Prayer. (2.) In the Alexandrian, it is before the Com- memoration of the Institution. fS.) In the Nestorian, it is between the Comme- moi-ation of Institution and the Invocation of the Holy Guost. IV. The Order of the Ldturfjics thciiiselvefi. 1. Every Liturgy may be divided into two parts : The Pro-Anaphoral : and The Anaphoral portion. The former extends to the Sursum cnrda ■ the latter from thence to the end. 2. The Pro-Anaphoral portion is divided into The Mass of the Catechumens : and The Mass of the Faitliful. 8. The Anaphoral portion lias these four divi- eions : The Great Eucharistic Prayer : The Consecration : XVI INTEODUCTION. The Intercession for quick and dead : and The Communion. 4. The Mass of the Catechumens consists of these parts : The Prefatory Prayer : The Initial Hymn, Introit, Ingressa, Anti- phon, or by whatever other name ?'*■■ may be caUed : The Little Entrance : The Trisagion : The Lections : (in some rites, Pro; 'lecy, Epistle and Gospel; in others, only Epistle and Gospel :) The Prayers after the Gospel, and 1 xpul- sion of the Catechumens. 5. The Mass of the Faithful consists of The Prayers of the Faithful : or, After the unfolding the Corporal. The Great Entrance : The Offertory : The Kiss of Peace : The Creed. 5. Proceeding to the Anaphora : under the Great Eucharistic Prayer we have The Preface : The Triumphal Hymn : The Prayer of the Triumphal Hymn : Commemoration of our Loed's Life : Commemoration of Institution. INTRODUCTION. XVU 8. Under the Consecration we have Words of Institution for the Bread : Words of Institution for the Wine ; Oblation of the Body and Blood : Prayer for the Descent of the Holy Ghost : Prayer for the change of Elements. 7. Under the Great Intercession we have The Prayer for quick and dead : The Prayer before the Lord's Prayer : The Lord's Prayer : ^1 The Enil)olisnius ; or Prayer against Temptation. 8. Under the Communion we have The Prayer of Intense Adoration : The Sancta Sanrtix: The Elevation of the Host : The Fraction : Tlie Confession : The Communion : The Antidoron : The Prayer of Thanksgiving : The Dismissal. V. Arrangement of an Oriental Church. 1. Tlic rubrics of the Liturgies arc so closely con- nected with the parts of an Eastern Cliurcli, that a short description of one is absolutely necessary. The following is the ground-plan of 8. Theodore at Athens. a xvm INTRODUCTION. 1. The ayiov firnxa, or sanctuary. 2. The altar, in the centre of the chord of the apse. 3. The prothesia ] which when divided, as here, by walls 4. The diaconicon J from the bema, are called parabemata. 5. The iconostasis. 6. The trullun, or dome : under it the choir. 7. The trapeza, or nave, not architecturally divided froin the choir. 8. The narthex. 2. Every Eastern Church consists of four por- tions : Bcfun or Sanctuary : Clioir : Tra/jcza, or Nave : Narthex, or Western Porch. But, as in the West, the sanctuary and the choir have hardly any separation, and go together under the name of chancel, so in the East the choir and INTRODUCTION. XIX nave have hardly any separation, and go together under the name of 7iaos. 3. The bema is separated from the naos by a BoHd screen — the konostasis : so termed because of the icons on it. This answers, not to the rood-screen of the Westei'n, but to the altar-rails of the English, Church. Its doors are called the Holy Doors. 4. North of the altar — there is only one altar in every Eastern Church — is the chapel of the pro- thesis, with the table at which the preparation of the Elements takes place. TJieuce the Little and Great Entrances are made. 5. South of tljc altar is the diaconicon, skeuophy- lakion, or sacristy. VI. 'The Liturgies contained in the present volume a*"" tliose of S. James, S. Mark, S. Chrysostom, S. Clement, (') The Church of Malabar. The Anaphone of the first four have been trans- lated by Dr. lirctt ; the whole of S. James by Dr. Kattray ; and of b. ChrysoBtom by Dr. King and (') I am nnxious to correct n iiiiHtii]<(i in my jircfiico to llio Grf!ok edition of tliiH Litur^'y, into wliidi I whb Icil liy too im- plicitly following an aHHcrlion of my friend Dr. J)iinirl. It iH that tlio exprcHHion, " cluanHing ourHclves from all f)ltliin<'«9 both of the Ik'nh and wpirit," is quoted Hcvon timiH in the Clementine Liturgy, I ought to have Haid that tlie verse, which contains that expresHion. iH referred to Jivr timpK in that Liturgy. .' 2 XI INTRODUCTION. Dr. Covel. I believe that the whole of these Litm- gies has not appeared before in English : the whole of S. Chrysostom and the Anaphoras of S. James and S. Mark may be found in my Introduction to the History of the Eastern Church. The Malabar Liturgy is given as a specimen of the family of S. Thaddeus, rather than one of the three Nestoriau Liturgies, as not less valuable, and not having been before translated. To these I add the oflSce of the Prothesis; as now said all over the Eastern Church. The Liturgy of S. Chrysostom is the normal Liturgy of the Eastern Church. That of S. Basil is said on all the Sundays in Lent, (except Palm Sunday,) Maundy Thursday, Easter Eve, the Vigils of Christmas and Epiphany, and the Feast of S. Basil (Jan. 1.) That of S. James is said in some of the Greek islands on the Festival of the Saint. That of S. Mark has been obsolete since the time of Theodore Balsamon. This prelate, a complete Oriental ultramontane, was for squaring everything according to " the most strictest " rule of the Great Church ; and procured the abohtion of this Litm-gy, more venerable than his own, just as Piome has abolished, and is still abolishing, the national Liturgies of other Churches. The Malabar Liturgy I have never been able to see in the original ; and an unadulterated copy of the original does not seem to exist. Diligent inquiry, but in vain, was made for it in India by the late Dr. Mill. As it is now printed, it was revised by rNTEODUCTION. XXI the Portuguese Archbishop of Goa, Alexis de Menezes, and the Synod of Diamper, (1599) — a revision which, as even Roman Litnrgists allow, shews utter ignorance of Oriental Liturgies. Kaulin, in his edition, professes to point out all the altera- tions made by the Synod, and to give, in a note, tlie original : but the least study of his work will shew that some important changes pass without the least notice by him. VII. Mijstical Interpretation of Oriental Liturgies. The best key to the mystical explanation of the Liturgy of S. Chrysostom is to be found in the Com- mentary of Symeou of Tliessalonica — a translation of the latter part of wliieh hero follows. This pre- late — a man of the highest character for learning and piety, and the stay of the whole Eastern Church in troublesome times — died in 1129. To his treatise should be added that of Theodore of Andula, a writer of uncertain age, first published by Cardinal Mai, in the sixth vol. of his Nova JJibliolheca, in 1855. " The Bishop therefore who is about to celebrate, descending from the throne in which he has been Btationed, figiirfs tlie condescension of God tbc Son to us. And having put ou the holy stole, (") he The Htole, used by I'lifHtK in the Eastern Church, \h also called epitrachclion iind Imnirion, or oriirion : it ditTcrs in shape from that of the West. It is merely a long piece of Bilk or other atufi, KomethinK more than doulde the width of the Western Htolo, and witn ii hole in tlie middle of the upper part, through which the celebrant puts bis bead. Ah, however, KXU INTRODUCTION. figures the Lord's most lioly Incarnation ; and going out to the gates of the temple, His presence and manifestation on earth, even till His death and descent into hell. This is signified by the Priest going towards the West and as far as the Church doors. " Now when the holy Liturgy is begun, which is when the Bishop gives the sign— for no one can attempt to commence anything without him — the Priests within the bema commence the prayers, and the singers modulate the Antiphons and divide them into three portions, and those things which are taken from the Psalms : (*) to these they add the hymns which pertain to the time of grace. By the Psalms, the prediction of the Licarnation of the Word to those of old time is set forth : by the hymnody which follows, the perfect completion of grace is typified to the bystanders, and the Son of God incarnate, and all the things which He worked for our sakes. Wherefore also, first of all, we honour her who virginally bare Him, and beseech her mediation for us, saying : By the intercession of the Mother of God, O Saviour, hear us. Then, com- memorating the Saints, who, agonising for the mystery of faith, died a holy death, we beseech their supplications also ; and last of all, venerating it has an embroidered seam down the middle, its appearance is much the same as that to which we are accustomed. — Sijmeon on the Liturgy. Cj The threw Antii)hous of the ConstantinopoHtan rite will be seen in the Liturgy of S. Chrysostum, where an explanation of them is given. INTRODUCTION. ZXIH Christ, the author and finisher of our salvation, we crj' out with a loud voice, Save us, Sou of God. (^) But when the Bishop has finished his holy prayers without the beuia, the Deacons stand by him, who typify, not only the Apostles, but also the Angels, who minister also in the mysteries of Christ. But when the Priests within the bema have also finished their own prayers, and come forth, the descent of the holy Angels, which took place in the Ascension of Christ, is signified. And when the torches are borne forth, and the Deacons advance by two and two, and the Holy Gospel is carried in pi'ocession, and the Bisliop, supported on cither side by Deacons, advances, and the other Priests follow behind, and sing out clearly, come let tin uors/iip Christ, and the acclamations of good wishes to the Bishoi) lo- eound, and the Deacon after the prayer of the Entrance, while he holds the Gospel in his hands, exclaims: Wisdom; stand vp : {^) the llcsurrectioii and Ascension of the Saviour is shadowed forth. For the Deacon, wliile he thus cries out, announces the Piesurrection of Christ ; and the clioir of Priests and J)eacons, as we said bcfort;, typify the Apostles present with the houu and beholding llim, and the most lioly Angels. But tlic Bisliop is a type of the Lord Himself made manifest to the disciples, and {^) The reader in rcf^oinmfTxlofl to follow the Liturgy of S. Chrysostom, hh h'wum bijow, wliilo Ik; riuds tlitj fX])liiiifitii(H of Syineon, compnriiiK it iit the buiuo time with the grouud-itlan of H. Theodore, above. (") This refers to the eeremonies of the Little Eutrniice. of which more at length hortiifter. XXIV INTEODUCTION. taken up from earth to heaven. Wherelore, as we have said, the whole of the exterior news is a type of y earth ; the most holy hema represents heaven. Wherefore, as David also prophesies, when the Lord ascended, the Angels assisted in His triumph ; and cried out to them that were ahove, Lift up your doors, and they named Him King of Glory and LoED, and confessed Him the Mighty. Thus too doth the Church, while she honours the celebrant entering with the pomp of a procession into the Holy of Holies : and the holy doors of the bema, shut before that procession enters, and opened that it may enter, signify the same thing. But when the celebrant lias entered and has censed the holy table around, the advent of the Nl/ S)K Holy Ghost is signified by him. For the Spirit came to us from heaven, when Christ went up into heaven. Furthermore, the Bishop, signing the Gospel crosswise by a certain double taper, dikeriotit INTRODUCTION. XXV typifies the illumination brought to pass both in heaven and earth by the Incarnation of Jesus in His two natures. For by the Incarnation of the Word of God, He not only gave light to men, but also to the Angels. The Trisagion, which is forthwith said, manifests the mystery of the Trinity ; which the Incarnation of one person of the Trinity manifested to men ; (') and also the sympathy and union of Angels and men. Wherefore also it is sung within the bema by the Priests, and without it by the clerks and laity : for one Church of Angels and men hath been formed through Christ. It is this which the Pontiff proclaims, while he signs the Gospel crosswise with ft three-headed taper, (inkcrioti,) and shev/s that the (I) Tlio exproHsion •' One of tlm Tisinitt " is not used acci- dentally by Symfon, but is a profoHnion of tbo fiiitli ot tlio writer with respect to the pUrnKO so much controvert id in tbo Munopbysite discussionH, " Ono of the Tuinitv suCrered for man." XXVI INTBODUOTION. preaching of the Trinity is contained in the same, and prays that by it we may be confirmed and established. But also while he advances to the divine syn- thronus, (®) which typifies the session of Christ at the Plight Hand of the Father; and then blesses the people crosswise with the trikerion, he assures us of the sanctification which is through the Trinity, and reminds us that Christ, having ascended into heaven, sent down upon us the splendour of the Trinity, typified by the light, and the blessing. And sitting down in the synthronus, where he is a type of Christ, and where he has, as his fellow- assessors, his brother Bishops and Priests, who re- present the figure and the similitude of the Apostles, he gives peace to all ; and this is a symbol of Chris- tian union. For it is Christ, saith Paul, Who hath put an end to enmity in His Flesh, and hath made both one, both things in heaven and things in earth. Then follows the lection of the Apostolic words, which allegorises the mission of the Apostles to the nations. And the Bishops and Priests sit while these are read, but the Deacons do not ; because the former also possess the grace of the Apostolate. Then follows the hymn Alleluia, {^) which manifests the praise of God, and the advent of the Divine (8) The synthronus is the seat in the depth of the Eastern apse, in the centre of which tlie Bishop sat with his face west- ward towards the altar, — the altar itself occupying the central position in the chord of that apse, — and having his Clergy on liis right and left hand. (9) See the note on this Alleluia in the Liturgy of S. Chryso- atom between the Epistle and Gospel. niTRODTICTlON. XXVH grace, which is the lection of the Gospel. Now thi& lection sets forth the i:)reaching of the Gospel throughout the whole world, which was brought to pass after the Ascension of the Lord, by the hands- of His Disciples. Wherefore also, we first read the* Epistle, then the Gospel ; because the Disciples were first invigorated and sent forth, and after- wards, performing their circuit tlirougliout the world, preacbed the Gospel. And before the Gospel, incense is ofiered on account of the grace of the Holy Ghost, which by means of the Gospel was given to the whole world. But while the Gospel is being read, the Bishop lays aside his oraophorion, (^"j thereby making pro- fession of his service to the Lord. For since it is the Lord Wlio is represented as speaking by the Gospel, and is, as it were, Himself present, the Bishop at tliiit time ventures not to be arrayed with the symbol of His Incarnation — I mean the omo- pborion ; but taking it oil' from his shouklcrs ho gives it to tlie Deacon, who holds it folded in his right hand, liimself standing near the Bisliop, and preceding the holy gifts. He also holds the trikerioii in his hand : aJid tliis signiiies that in tlie world to come, Jksus, Wbo was Incarnate and woundod for us, and being one of the Trinity sliiiiing upon us with the rays of Godhead, will be manifestly revealed to all. Then the Pontilf, descending from the syu- ('") This oinn, wliirli iw rniimion, as we shall ficv, to all the lOaHteni (!riiiiiiiiiiiio)iH, hctfrnddx as V7ell as Catholic, atrl which is f!vcn dcffiidcil hy iiiaiiy Unman writers. Some seiitonces in the text whicli dilate ou this Rub- ject are omitted. XXXll INTRODUCTION. there is order and rank in the blessed Angels : for tney that are highest enjoy the Beatific Vision with- out any intermediation, the second rank through the first, (") and the third through the second, as Dionysius, (^^) endowed with heavenly wisdom, teaches, so also is the case in the Church. The Pontiff approaches the Divine altar without any intermediary ; the Priests and other ecclesiastics, by means of him. And by the Priests and the Ministers the people is admitted to a participation in the tremendous Communion and the sacred hymns. But when, after the first set of prayers, the Creed has been recited, comes the Kiss of Peace, because by the true confession of the Trinity, and of the One of the Trinity That was Incarnate, we are united with each other, and that confession associates us with the Angels. And because we ought to love each other, since Christ became an oblation througli love, and whoever is about to com- municate, ought to present himself without any feeling of anger ; and because all, in the world to come, are in union mth each other, and no one there can be an enemy. But they keep the sacred veil over the gifts until the holy Creed is finished ; because we must first make a true and sincere con- fession about tlie Lord, before we can behold Him without any veil. After this, the Pontiff who is to (") See this idea worked out with greater fulnefis in the Liturfry of .Joseph Bar-Vahib : lleiiaudot, torn. ii. p. 525. (15) The writer is of course refeniiig to the Treatise of Pseudo- Dionysius the Areopagite on the Heavenly Hierarchy. INTRODUOTION. XXxili celebrate approaches the altar, and praises the works of God, aud giving thanks for all, associates himself with the Angels, aud vociferates with them the tri- umphal hymn, the Holy, Holy, Holy : and the people also recite it, typifying the equality of peace which we shall hereafter enjoy with the Angels, and our union with them. Then the Pontiflf having praised the greatest of the works of God, the Incarnation of the Only-Begotten, and again the greatest act of His dispensation, His Death for us, goes on to the commencement of the Mysteries, and utters the holy words, the same which our Lokd used Avhen Himself sacrificing. Then, having given thanks for all things, and offering the gifts on account of ill), ho invokes upon himself, and upon the Mysteries laid on the altar, the divine grace of the Spirit. By which, having accoiiiplislied the rite by the seal of the Cross, and the invocation of the Holy Ghost, he forthwith beholds the living Jesus lying before him, and Him in His very essence, being truly the Bread and the Cup. For His is that saying, Tliis Bread is My Body ; and His again is this saying, That which is in the cup is My Blood. And tiio sacrifice for the whole world, and the common pro- pitiation, and the living delicacy, and the infinite joy, and the kingdom of the lieavons, and the only ■:;:scutial good, is set Ix.'fore all on the Divine table; wherefore also the celebrant prays with the grciilor boldness on lichalf of all. For he takes confidence when lie beholds Him Who is the patient Lover of men, lying before liim a sacrifice ; and he ofTcrs // XXXIV INTRODUCTION. praise and makes supplication for all, and remem- bers those that are absent, and more especially the Maiden Mother of God, who virginally bare Him. Testifying also in this how we are one with the Saints, and by this sacrifice are partakers with them, and that they, having boldness with Him "Who loves and is loved, have the power to reconcile and unite us with Him. At last, having exhorted us with one mind and one mouth to praise our God, and having called down upon us the mercies of our great God Jesus Christ, He leads us up to our adoption by our heavenly Father, and prays that we, being purged from sin by Him Who is His Son according to nature, may become His sons according to grace ; and that Ave may be able rightly to call Him our Father, Who is the Father of heaven. And this is the sign of the union in the future world, and of our being united to God, through the Only-Begotten by the Holy Ghost. Whence the Pontiff, having prayed for peace and returned thanks, calls upon Jesus that He would make him partaker of the Holy Mysteries, that the rest may be counted worthy to become partakers of them through Him. When he has finished the Liturgy, and comes to the Communion, he again assumes the omophorion, manifesting that, before this, he was one of the ministers, and was afraid to put upon himself that holy garment. But when the work is accomplished, and he goes on to elevate the Bread and to divide it into parts, and to receive it himself and distribute INTRODUCTION. XXXV it to others, it is necessary that he should put on all the sacred symbols of his dignity : and since the omophorion is the principal vest of a Pontiff, he necessarily assumes that, and in that is partaker ol the most divine Things. Having, therefore, put it on, and having made the elevation, and having pro- claimed the Holy Things for Holy Persons, he in vites all holy persons to that divine and living food of the Holy Table. And the people with one mind cry out. One Holy, One Lord, Jesus Christ, to the glory of God the Father. And this, as S. Paul saith, shall be preached in the Last Day, when every knee shall be bowed to Ji';sus, and every tongue shall confess that Jksus Christ is Lord, to tbe glory of God the Father. Hence, then the common union of all the faithful is published, and the consent of all concerning the preaching of the Licarnate Son of God, Who shall reign over all, mid of His Kingdom there shall be no end, as it is written. But the answer made to the Holy Things to Holy Persons, namely, There is One Holy, &c., Tirst signifies to us the essential sanctity of God Him- self, and tliat from Piim is the sanctilication of all things that are hallowed. And ifc is, as it were, an expression of hiiniilily ; and if wo said, Who of us is holy, or who of us is pure ? One only is holy, One only is the Lord Jesus Christ, Who will of His mercy sanctify us. Now tlic elevation of the Bread sets forth to us the elevation of Jksus on the Cross ; wliercforo also the cup itself lies before our eyes contuiniiig the // 2 XXXVl INTRODUCTION . Blood and Water which flowed from His Holy Side. The bread then he divides into four parts, and places them crosswise, and in this he sees Jesus cnicilied. Nor can there be any greater spectacle than the vision of the Most High God liumbled for our sakes. Then taking the upper portion, and with it making the sign of the Cross, he dips it in the chalice, and makes the union of the mysteries ; and then he pours the warm water into the cup. {^'^) And this he does to signify that the Lord's Body, even when dead, and when the Divine Soul was separated from it still remained possessed of its quickening powers : the Divinity never being separated from it, as neither any of the energies of the Divine Spirit. Since then warm water affords bj'^ its heat a type of life, it is then employed m the time of Communion that when our lips touch Uie chalice and participate in the Blood, we may be so affected as if we received it from that quickening side. There are other reasons also, and that of marvellous depth, assigned by writers far superior to ourselves ; but that which we have mentioned may suffice for us. For we may understand from the words that accompany the injection of warm Avater, that this which we have mentioned is the intention of Church. For he saith, " The fervour of the Holy Ghost." And a still clearer proof is, that this admixture also takes place in the Liturgy of the Presanctified.(") For (^) See all these rites more fully explained at page 120. f'^) The Liturgy of the Pre-sauctified, or of S. Gregory, is employed by the whole Eastern Church, and has heen so at INTRODUCTION. XXXVll there Avould be no use in this, were the reason of the rite any other than that we have assigned ; seeing that in the previous Liturgy it had abeady been mixed with the Gifts. But the Pontiff, dividing the Bread into many particles, intimates in that action the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. For it is wi'itten, He took bread and brake and gave to His disciples. He first then liimself communicates in the Bread, and participates in the tremendous Chalice. For no one else administers it to him, except it be some one of his own rank, namely another Pontiff. Then he imparts the Connnunion to all the rest, who kiss his hand and chock, by which he proclaims the communion of the Jiody of Jesus, even in the future world, which shall be for ever and ever. But the hand and clicek receive the kiss — the former as the agent in those tremendous mysteries — the latter as the instrument of speech, by which prayers arc offered, and because of lovo and communion in Christ ; which is confu-nied by that which is then said — Cmkist is in the midst of ns. l"'urtIiermore, because the Jjord was smitten on tlie cheek, so that the Pontiff may be reminded of how great huniihty the Jjohf; showed Jliniself to bo possessed of, and may never be lifted up in functiona BO divine and so great. Those then of the altar communicate at tlio altar, least HJnce tlie tiiiK; of tlie Cniiiicil in 'J'liillo, on ovi ry duy ef 5>ciit except the SatiiidiiyH, tLc yuniltty.s, tlii! ADiiuncmtiou^ and Maundy Tliursday- XXXVIU INTRODUCTION. and analogously with their order, as Paul also teaches of the future life : Every man, saith he, in his own order : taking the divine Bread in their own hands, and receiving the Chalice with their lips ; and after this he exhibits to tne people the Holy Gifts veiled. Tliis teaches that it is not lawful, as hatli been said before, for all men to see them un- veiled. But if any one is in a proper state to communicate, he then, advancing with reverence and fea)', participates of them, but mediately : for he receives the mysteries at the hand of the Pontiff by the spoon. {^^) And thus, when prayer has been offered for the heritage of God and His innumerable people, the Pontiff goes and censes the gifts, and adds that which signifies the Ascension of the Lord, and the glory of the subsequent preaching of Him to all creation. As if he thus spake to the Saviour, and said : Thou didst descend even to us and wast seen amongst us, and didst ascend again into heaven ; and being taken ux? from the earth. Thou (18) The mystical reference is to tlie tongs by wliicli the live coal from the altar was laid on the prophet's lips. The luity in the Eastern Church receive the Body and Blood of our Ijobd together, tlie former having been dii)ped in the latter. The mori ancient way was to receive the latter by means of a tube which they held in their own hands and put into tho Chalice for themselves. This was also the custom in the West, till the introduction of the present corruption of the disuse of the Chalice in the eleventh and twelfth ccntui-ies. I have seen, in the French catliedrals, as many as four of tliese tubes, or reods as they were called : one of gold, the other three of silvcr-i,'ilt. At present, the united eleuients are administered in the East by a spoon. INTRODUCTION. XXSIX dirlst with Tliy glory fill the earth ; by which we, performing the hitvuvpry of these Thy mysteries, are both partakers of Thee, and without intermis- sion hold Thee. After this, the sacred Gifts being carried back to the prothesis, the Deacon holdhig the paten on his head, and the Priests the chalices, he giveth thanks, and having waslicd his hands, goeth forth to give that wJiich is called the Antido- ron to the people. (^®) For since the iontiff, as we have said, expi-esscs the character of Christ, and has both offered Him and received Him, and has distributed Him to them tliat are sanctified, it is necessar}' also that the people should partake of sanctification, that is to say, as far as it can be in- tellectually conveyed to them by prayer and tlie tremendous hierurgy. And since we, who are endued with a body, must of necessity receive sanctification by sensible things, it is given us by the Antidoron. This is the sanctified bre.-id, over wlilcJi, on the table of prothesis, prayers have been poured forth, and the uppermost part has been cut out and has been consecrated. Tliis, iifter beiug signed with the spear, (^') and hallowed by the divine words said over it, is distributed instead of the tremendous ('") Antidoron. Sen tioto at jMifo 12.'». (20j For ail nxpliiprition of thu r[)oiir, liy tho nioiinH of wliifih tl 10 Lamb is cut out Jind Htalibcd, bco tlio odicc of protlicsiH, at tlie piul of flic book. Tlio oblfition HOivtH two usoh : tlio Bcnl or Lftinb «tanipc'd with IC XC NIKA Horvi'H for tbc Siicr*- uicnt ; the remaining part, as hero, for the unlidoron. XI INTRODUOTIOW. Gifts to those who have not communicated. Which, when the Pontiff has done, and has prayed over the people, he puts an end the Liturgy. . . .(^^) (21) The rest of the treatise is taken up by the author's apology and by a few remarks on the Prothesis, which will better be givtu under that rite. THE DIVINE LITURGY OF ^. iHavft. rj^HE PRIEST. Peace be with all. Peoph:. And with thy spirit. Deacon. Pray. People. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy. Priest {m-rrfh/). We yield Thee thanks, we yield Thee exceeding thanks, O Lord our God, Father of our Lord and God and Saviour Jesijs Christ, for fill tilings, and through all things, and in nil things : for that Thou hast sheltered, assisted, def.-i.d mI, and brought us through the past time of our life, and hast guided us to this hour, vouchsafing again to set l^efore Thee, in Thy holy pbice. us who jisk pardon of our sins, and propitiation for all Thy people. And we pray and beseech Thee, O fiover of men, good God. give us to accomplish (') this holy day (»; and all the time of our life sinlessly, with all joy, health, safety, and with all sam-tifica- tion and Thy fear. But all envy, all fear, all temp- tation, every Satanic operatiou, every plot of wicked (') I know not but thiit the word iirtrixttrat may Ihtc partly retain itn roliKiouH HJ^'nification, "to ofTir hh a Hucritirc :" thas £lian in liin ViiriouH HiHtory : Kol KaO' tKarrrov trot iirtriXovv aiirt^. (Lib. 12, cap. fil.) (') It in a nii«take to roncludo from tbJH fxproRHioii tliat this T.i^nrKj- wan only nsfd f>ii tlir- Hnndiiy ; Hinnu wc know from the r-plij'H of Tiniothf UH, Patriarch of Alexandrio, (a.u. 3yO— 385,> that it wa» said daily. a 2 LITURGY OF men, repel from us, God, and from Thy holy Catliolic and Apostolic Church. That which is good and profitable, do Thou supply to us : if we have at all sinned against Thee in word or deed, or by thought, do Thou, as good and the Lover of men, vouchsafe to overlook it, and forsake not us, God, who put our trust in Thee, nor lead us into tempta- tion, but deliver us from the evil one, and from his works, through the grace and pity and benignity of Thine Only-Begotten Son : (aloud) through Whom and with Whom, be to Thee the glory and the might, in Thine all-holy and good and life-giving Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages. People. Amen. Priest. Peace be with all. People. And with thy spirit. Deacon. Pray for the king. People. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy, Lord, have mercy. Priest [secretly). Master, Lord, and God, Father of our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus Christ, we beseech and supplicate Thee that Thou wouldest perpetually keep our king in peace and fortitude and righteousness. Subject to him, God, every enemy and adversary : lay hand upon the shield and buckler, and stand up to help him. Grant to him, God, victories, and that he may be peaceably disposed towards us, and towards Thy holy Name. (■') That we also in the tranquillity of his days, may fs) This is a clear proof that this prayer was composed before the be;j!inning of the great Tenth I'erseeution ; during which it Would have been differently woi'ded, and after which, it would have been inappropriate. In fact there is no doubt that these three prayei's are of the most remote, antiquity ; and this par- ticular clause, with its singularly crabbed construction, may, not improbably, contain the orij^iual words of the Apostle. SAINT MARK. 3 lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty, {*) through the grace and mercies and be- nignity of Thine Only-Begotten Sox : (alntuJ) through W'honi and with Whom, be to Thee the glory and the might, in Thine all-holy and good and life- giving Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages. People. Amen. Priest. Peace be with all. People. And with thy spirit. Deacon. Pray for the Pope and the Bishop. (*) People. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy. Piient. Master, Lord, and God, the Almighty, (") the Father of our Lord tuid God and Saviour Jksus Christ, we beseech and supplicate Thee, Lover of men, good God, preserving our most holy and blessed Pontiff, the Pope N., and the most sacred Bishop N., preserve them to us peacefully many years, executing the holy Arch-])riesthO(Kl intrusted by Thee to thom accordin'^ to Thy holy and lilcssed word, rightly dividing the word of trutli, with all orthodox Bishops, Priests, Deacons, Sub-deacons, Picadcrs, Sijigers, and laymen, witli the wliolc ful- ness of Thy holy and only Catholic Church, granting to them peace and health and salvation. And their prayers which they make for us, and we for them. (♦) Notice the coincidenco of tlioHe expreBRions, with those in the First Epistle to Timothy ; iiiul iciimiiiIkt that it ia quite as likely that the Apostle was quotiu;; from the Liturgy, aa the Liturgy from the Apostle. (*) By the l'oi>e is of course meant the I'litri'irch of Alex- andria, I'opo iteing his specific title, as Patriarch was that of the Metropolitan of Antiodi, and Archliislm]) that nf him of Constaiitinojde. Prol>ahly the original hidding ]iriiyiT was simidy. — Pray fur the Bishoj). C) I take the epithet hy itself, aa more in accordance with the structure of tbe commonnemetit of the second pravcr. K 2 4 LITURGY OF receive, Lord, unto Thy lioly and heavenly and reasonable altar. And every enemy of Tliy holy Church subdue speedily under their feet, through the grace and mercies and benignity of Thine Only- Begotteu Son : [aloud) through Whom and with Whom, be to Thee the glory and the might, in Thine all-holy and good and life-giving Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages. People. Amen. Priest. Peace be with all. Peojile. And Avith thy spirit. Deacon. Stand for prayer. People. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy. Lord, have mercy. The Priest subjoins the Prayer of the Entrance (') and for the Incense ; Master, Lord, and our God, Thou Who didst elect the twelve-lighted lamp of the twelve Apostles, and didst send them into the whole world, to preach and to teach the Gospel of Thy kingdom, and to heal every sickness and every infirmity in the people ; and didst breathe into their faces, and didst say to them, Keceive the Holy Ghost, the Comforter : whose sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them ; whose sins ye retain, they are retained ; thus do Thou also upon us Thy servants that stand around in the Entrance of our holy ministry * * '■' '■'■ with the Bishops, Priests, Deacons, Pieaders, Singers, and laity, together with all the fulness of Thy holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. Preserve us, O That is to say the Little Entrance, or the bringing in of the Gospel — a ceremony of considerable pomp. Preceded by tapers and incense, the Priest and Deacon carry the Holy Gospels from the Prothesis, and so through the Holy Doors to the Altar. SAINT M/^EK. • Lord, from curse, and ban, and from anathema, and binding, and excommunication, and from the part of the adversary, and purify our lips and our heart from all pollution and from all iniquity ; that with a pure heart, and pure conscience, we may ofier to Thee this sacrifice for a sweet-smelling savour, and for the remission of our sins, and of the sins of Thy people : through the grace and mercies and benignity of Thine Only-Begotten Son : {aloitil) through Whom and with Whom, be to Thee tlie glory and the might, with Thine all-holy and good and life- giving Si'iHiT, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Priest. Amen. Deacon, btand up. (®) And titeij s'uKj the Only- Begotten Son. Priest. Only-Begotten Son and Word of God, immortal, Who didst vouchsafe for our salvation to take Hesh of tlic holy Motber of Ood, and Ever-Virgin Mary, and didst without mutation become man, and •wast crucified, Christ, our God, and by death didst overcome deatb, being one of the Holy Trinity, and glorified togetbcr with the Father and tlie Holy GuosT, save us. ( 'j And the Entrance oj the Gospel takes place. Deacon. For prayer. Priest. Peace be with all. People. And with thy spirit. Deacon, i'or prayer. (*) This word, opQoi, Ikih, like otlior Khort h|ippc1k'8 of the Dciir-oii, beoii rcltiiiicd untrauHhitcd iu otiier Lituigios : thui the Arinenian ((iveH it nrti. (") ThJH iintiicni, which is in tlio oriKinnl Hini|ily n'forrod to, is clfiirly of later cliito than tln' Cipimcij of l'j|i|icnr.s, uud in cme of the four employed in the Oriental Liturga-n. 6 LTTURGY OP People. Lord, Lave mercy. The Priest saith the Prayer of the Tris(irfion.(^'^) Master, and Lord Jesus Christ, co-eternal Word of the self-existent Father, Who didst become like us in all respects, sin excepted, for the salvation of our race : Who didst send forth Thy holy disciples and Apostles to preach and teach the Gospel of Thy kingdom, and to cure all sickness and all infirmity among Thy people, do Thou Thyself, Lord, send out thy light and Thy truth, and enlighten the eyes of our understanding to the comprehension of Thy Divine oracles ; and enable us to be hearers of them, and not hearers only, but also doers of the word, that we may bring forth fruit and produce good fruits, thirty-fold, and an hundred-fold, that we may be counted worthy of the kingdom of heaven. {Aloud.) And let Thy mercies speedily prevent us, Lord, for Thou art the good tidings, Saviour, and guardian, of our souls and of our bodies. Lord our God ; and to Thee we siaid up glory and giving of thanks and the hymn of the Trisagion, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of ages. People. Amen. Holy God, Holy and Mighty, Holy and Immortal, have mercy upon us. Atid after the Trisciffiov, the Priest signs [^^) the people, saying, Peace be with all. (10) This prayer is said in a low voice, while the people are Binging the Trisagion, as presently. This little anthem is usually ascribed to a miraculous origin, in the time of S. Proclus (43-1 — 437), but it is probably far older, and if not Apostolic, is at least Isapostolic. The troubles excited by the addition made by Peter the Fuller, ' ' Thou That wast crucified for us," are well known. (U) That is, makes the sign of the Cross towards or on thero. SAINT MAKR. 7 People. And with thy spirit. Ayid the Attend ; ('-) the Apostle ; the Prologue of the Alleluia. The Deacons, according as they are enjoined, say — Sir, give the blessing. (^^) Priest. The Lord bless and minister with you by His grace, now and ever, and to ages of ages. The Priest before the Gospel offers incense and saith thus : We ofifer incense before Thy glory, God ; do Thou receive it(") to Thy holy and super-celestial and intellectual altar. Do Thou, in its stead, send down the grace of Thy Holy Spirit, for Thou art blessed, and do Thou send forth Thy glory. When the Deacon is about to read the Gospel, the Priest saith : The Lord bless and strengthen, and make us to be hearers of His holy Gospel, — Who is Goo That is blessed, now ;ind evfr, nnrl to ages of ages. Amen. Deacon. Stand : let us liear the hoi} Gospel. Priest. Pcjico bo with all. People. And with thy spirit. ("») TliiH Rnbric reqiiirfs oxplnnntion. Attm/f, \a a not un- frf-qiient excliiiiiuf ion of tlic Dcacnii in tin- Oiiciitiil lilfH. Tlio irpitTxn>tt.*v of tlio Greek is literally rt'tiiincil in tin- ArnHniun, Prtisrhumf. TIk' .Ijttintlf in tiio nioro hhhiiI tillo in the Ori- entiil, &H it wnH in the Oiillirnn, I>itur;;y, f(jr tlie F.jiistlr. Tiie Prologue of the Allcluiii secniH to Inivo been .sonio iiriiyor recited by the Priest, while the Alleluia wan recited by the people. ('•') This miglit nlno be tranBlnted, Lord, hlf$» : but, by the an.ilu^ry of the Wcsteni Churcii, I prefer the version wliich I have given. ('•) The reading seems rather cormpt, but it« soDse is m»« nifest. 8 LITURGY OF The Deacon saith the Gospel. The Priest subjoins the Collect : {'') Visit, Lord, in thy x^ity and mercies, those of Thy people that are sick : those of our hrethren that have departed, or are about to depart, give to each a prosperous journey in his place, and seasonably. Send down rains on the places that want and stand in need of them. Raise the waters of the river to their measure, through Thy grace. {^°} Increase the fruits of the earth, to seed-time and to harvest ; guard the kingdom of Thy servant, whom thou hast ap- pointed to rule over the land, in peace and courage and righteousness and tranquillity. This humble and poor and Cup.isT-Ioviug city, preserve it, God, from evil days, from famine, plague, and incursion of the heathen, as Thou didst spare the city of Nineveh : because Thou art full of mercy and pity, and keepest not in remembrance the iniquities of man. Thou, by Thy p)-ophet Isaiah, hast said, I will protect tliis city, and save it for My sake, and for My servant David's sake. Wherefore we beseech Thee, and supplicate Thee, Lover of men, good God, guard this city for the sake of Thy Martyr and Evangelist, Mark, who showed to us the way of salvation, through the grace and mercies and benignity of Thine Only-Begotten Son : (aloud) through Whom and with Whom, be to Thee the glory and the might, in Thine all-holy and good (1*) Synaptc. literally Collect ; but in no way responding to the prayer so called in the NN'estern Church, to which, indeed, the East offers no parallel. This answers much more nearly to the Ectene, or Jlissal Litanj- — perfect examitles of which will be fomid in tlje Litnrt,'ies of S. .James and 8. ChryKOstom. (i«j The rise of the Nile being a point of such vital import- ance to the Egyptian harvest, is a subject put prominently forward in all tJie Coptic Liturgies. SAINT MARK. 9 and life-giving Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages. (^^) Deacon. Begin. And theij say the Stichos. The Deacon saith the Three. (^*) Priest. Master and Lord, God the Almighty, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, we pray and beseech Thee, assign the peace which is from heaven to the hearts of all of us, and also bestow on us the peace of this world. Our most holy and blessed Pope N., and our most saci-ed Bisliop N., guard to us for many years, peacefully accomplishing the holy Arch-priesthood, intrusted by Tlioe to tliem, ac- cording to Thy holy and blessed will, rightly dividing the word of truth ; with all orthodox Jiisliops, Priests, Deacons, and Sub-deacons, Pieaders, Singers, with all tlif fulness of Thy holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. Bless, O Lord, our assemblies ; grant them to be without let and witliout hindrance, ac- cording to Thy lioly will. (Irant tliem to ])e houses of prayer, houses of blessing, to us and to Thy servants after us for ever. Arise, Lord, and let Thine enemies be scattered ; let them also that hate Thee ibc before Thee. And bless Thy faith- ful and orthodox people ; increase them to myriads of myriads, and let not the death of sin prevail (I') It is almost iinnecetHary to remark that the roforenco to tlio EvfiTiKcliHt iH of fur Inter iliite tlmii tlic (.riK'iniil Ijitiiri^y: and tin; wln.le ipniyer. uh jm rlm]m tlio next uIko, hcciiih to mo iiiiide up from tlii- (Mtiit Iiitf-rcesHion for ciuick ami di'iid, to which we hIiiiII ])reHi'iitl.v come. ('«) The Slirhfin, or Versicle, whh no doulit Home viiryiiig anthf-m for differpiit toHtivnlK. Wiiat in intruded hy !//<• Tlinr, \H nut agreed. Some take it to mean three collectH to be recited in tliiH phice : ollierH, a verhe IxKinninK. ^' The Tliroe PeraouB find One Essence," or something of u wimihir kind 10 LITURSY OP against tis, nor against all Thy people, through the grace and mercies and benignity of Thine Only- Begotten Son : {aloud) through "Whom and with "Whom, be to Thee the glory and the might, in Thine all-holy and good and life-giving Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages. People. Amen. Priest. Peace be with all. People. And with thy spirit. Deacon. Look lest any of the Catechumens... (") Here they shig the Cherubic Hymn. Let us, who mystically represent the Cherubim, and sing the holy hymn to the quickening Trinity, lay by at this time all worldly cares, that we may receive the King of Glory, invisibly attended by the angelic orders. Alleluia. Alleluia. Alleluia. (^°) The Priest offers Incense for the Entrance, and prays. (^^) Priest. Lord our God, "Who hast no need of any (19) Here followed the expulsion of the Catechumens and penitents, preceded probably in this, as in the Constantinopo- litan ritual, by tlie Priest unfolding the Corporal. We shall find a fuller form for this expulsion in other Liturgies. pJ) This, one of the four Liturj^dcal hymns, is not earlier than the time of Justinian ; and accordingly does not occur in any of the heretical Liturgies except the Armenian. It is found in all the great rites, except the Clementine. f^'j This is the Great Entrance ; the carrying the Elements from the Prothesis to the altar. It is the most imposing ceremony in the Eastern Church. The anticipative worship paid to these Elements by the congregation, who fall down in the very path of the Priest, is defended with difficulty by Greek ritualists; but at all events proves thus much, with how true and real a worship they must adore those Elements after Consecration, which before it were counted worthy, as they themselves seem to say, of anticipative latria. »»MNT MARK. 11 gift, accept tliis iuceuse offered by an unworthy hand, and count lis all worthy of the blessiug which is from Thee ; for Thou art our sauctitication, and to Thee we ascribe glory. And the Hohj Thiurfs enter to the Altar, and the Priest praj/eth thus . Holy, Most High, terrible. Thou "Who restest iu the holies, Lord, Thyself sanctify us, and count us worthy of Thy fearful Priesthood, and cause us to approach to Thy venerable altar with all good conscience : and purify our hearts from every pol- lution : chase away from us every evil sensation : hallow our mind and our soul, and grant us to accomplish the worship of our holy fathers with Thy fear, propitiating Thy Face at all times ; for Thou art He that blessest and sanctitiest all things, and to Thee we ascrilje the glory and the giving of thanks. Deacon. Kiss one the other. The Priest saith the prayer of the Kiss. Master, and Loud Almighty, look down from heaven u]i()n Thy Church, and u])on all Thy ix'oplo, and all Tliy Hocks, and save all of uh Tliinc un- worthy servants, the creatures of Thy fold ; and gi'ant to us Thy peace, and Thy love, and Tiiy li< Ip, and send down upon us the gifts of Thy niost IIoi.y Hpirit, that, in a pure heart, and with a good con- science, we may salute one another with an iioly kiss, not in liypocrisy, not taking ])art with the Alien, {^^), but Idamelcss and unspcjtted, in one spirit, in the boiul of peace and of love, one body and one spirit, in one faith, as we have also becu (B) There is something here corrupt. 12 lilTURGY OF called in one hope of our calling, that we may all of us arrive at the Divine and boundless affection, in Christ Jksus our Lord, with Whom Thou art blessed. Then the Priest offers Incense, saying : Incense is offered to Thy Name. Let it ascend, we pray Thee, out of the poor hands of us sinners, to thy suiter-celestial altar, for a sweet-smelling savour for the propitiation of all Thy people. For to Thee is due all glory, honour, worsliij), and giving of thanks, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of ages. And after the Kiss of Peace, the Deacon, aloud : Stand to make your offerings according to your order. [^) The Priest signing ivith the Cross the patens and the chalices, saitli n-ith a loud voice — I believe in one God the Father Almighty, Maker of beaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible : and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only-lk'gotten Son of God, begotten of His Father before all words. Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father ; by Whom all things were made : Who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, + and was Licarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man, and was crucihed + also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered and was buried, and the third day He rose again according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the (23j This I take to he the meaniug of Karh tootSvs. Be- naudot translates it modestly. SAINT MARK. 13 Father. And He shall come again with glory to judge both the qiiick and the dead : Whose kingdom shall have no end. And I believe in the + Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of Life, Who proceedeth from the F.ather, Who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, Who spake by the Px'ophets. And I believe one Cathohc and Apostolic Church. I acknowledge one Baptism for the remission of sins : and I look for the Resurrec- tion of the dead, and the life of the world tc come. Amen. Deacon. Stand for prayer. Prii'at. Peace be with all. Deacon. Pray for them that offer. The Priest saith the prayer of the Ojf'frlorjf. Our Master, Jesus Christ, Lord, co-eternal Wori> of the self-oxist(-nt Father and oi the lloi.v (thost. Thou that art the Great High Priest, the Bread that comest down from heaven, and briiigest up our life from con-uption. That didst give Tlnsclf, a spotless Lamb, for the life of the world, we pray and Iteseech Thee, O Lord, Lover of men, cause Tliy face to shine upon this Ijread iiml iiiiou these chiilices, which tlie most holy taljle receives, tin-ougli the ministry of angels, and the surrounding choir of archangels, and the priestly hicrurgy, to Thy glory and tlie renovation of our souls ; tbrougli the grueo and mercies and love to men of Thine ()iily-l5eg(»tten Son, through Whom and with Wiiom, be to Thee the glory and the might. (*') (*•) Obflerve the comiption which aflixes mu-h nn ornlinR to a prnycr nfldrcsmd to ilif Son ; ihiIohh by ii iiioHt vinliiil cod- struction wo k-nvo the former jmrt of tlio priiycr witlnmt any fipodoBis, ftnd conceive the clnuHe thnt beginB, " Wc pray nul beseech Thee." to be iildresr.cd to the Fatiif.k. J 4 LITURGY OP At the end of the Creed, the Priest signs the people ivith the Cross, saying aloud—' The Lord be Avitli all. People. And -with thy spirit. Priest. Lift we up our hearts. People. We lift them up unto the Lord. Priest. Let us give thanks to the Lord. Priest. It is meet and right. The Priest begins the Oblation. It is verily meet and right, holy and becoming, and advantageous to our souls, I Am, Lord God, Father Almighty, to worship Thee, to hymn Thee, to give thanks to Thee, to return Thee praise, both night and day, with unceasing mouth, and lips that keep not silence, and heart that cannot be still : Thee Who madest the heaven and the things that are in heaven, the earth and the things that are in the earth, the sea, the fountains, the rivers, the lakes, and all things that are in them : Thee Who didst make man after Thine own image and likeness, and also gavest him the delights that were in para- dise, and didst not overlook him Avhen he fell, nor desert him, O good God, but didst call him back by the Law, didst educate him by the Prophets, didst reform him, and renew him by this tremendous and life-giving and heavenly mystery. All which things Thou hast done by Thy Wisdom, the true Light, Thine Only-begotten Son, our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus Christ, by Whom, rendering thanks to Thee with Himself and the Holy Ghost, we offer to Thee this reasonable and unbloody sacrifice, which all nations offer to Thee, Lord, from the rising of the sun unto the going down of the same ; from the corth and the south ; for Thy name is great among SAINT MARK. 15 the Geutiles, and in every place incense is offered to Thy name, and a pure offering. And we pray and beseech Thee, Lover of men, good God : Eemember, Lord, the holy and only Catholic and Apostolic Church, which is from one end of earth to the other end of it, all peoples and all Thy flocks. Vouchsafe to all our hearts the peace which is from heaven, and also bestow on us the peace of this life. Tlie king, the militaiy orders, the princes, the councils, the borouglis, every ueighlKJurliood, our comings in and our goings out, set in order in all peace. O King of peace, give to us Thy peace in concord and love : possess us, Gou ; beside Tlu'C we know none other : we are called by Thy Name : quicken all our souls, and the deatli of sin shall not have dominion over us, nor over all Thy people. Tliem that aix' sick, U Lord, of thy people, visit in Tliy pity and mercies, and heal. Avert from them and from us all sickness and iniirmity, drive awiiy from tbcm tlic spirit of weak- ness : raise up again them that are lying in long sickness ; lieal tliem that are vexed of unclean spirits, them that are in j)risons, or in mines, or in courts of justice, or with sentence given a/^ainst them, or in bitter slavery, or tril)ute, liave mca-cy on all, free all : for Thou art otir God, Hi; tluit sets free the bound, He that raises tliose tliat arc in misery, the hope of tlie hopeless, the succour of the defenceless, the resurrection of the fallen, Iho harbour of the tem|)est-tost, tlic avenger of l)io afllicted. To every Christian soul that is in trouble, and that is a petitioner to Thee, give mercy, give remission, give refrchmncut. Furthermore, (J Lokd. 16 LITURGY OF heal the diseases of our souls, cure our bodily weak' nesses, Physician of souls and bodies ; overseer of all flesh, oversee and heal us by Thy salvation. To our brethren that have departed from us, or are about to depart, in whatever place, give a fair journey, whether by land or rivers, or lakes, or liighways, or in whatever way they may be travel- ling, restore them all everywhere to a tranquil harbour, to a safe harbour : vouchsafe to be their fellow-voyager and fellow-traveller. Give them back to their friends, rejoicing to the rejoicing, healthful to the healthful. And preserve, Lord, to the end, oi;r sojourning also in this life, without harm, and without storm. Send down richly good showers on the places that need them and desire them ; rejoice and renew by their descent the face of the earth, that in their drops it may be made glad, and may spring up. Eaise up the waters of the river to their full measure ; rejoice and renew by their ascent the face of the earth : water her furrows, multiply her increase. Bless, Lord, the fruits of tlie earth. Preserve them continually whole and unhurt ; pre- serve them to us for seed and for harvest. Bless also now, Lord, the crown of the year of Thy goodness, for the poor of Thy people, for the widow, and for the orphan, for the proaelyte, {'^^) for all of us who hope in Thee, and who ari?. called by Thy holy Name : for the eyes of all wait upon Thee, and Thou givest them their meat in due season. Thou That givest meat to all flesh, fill our (25) If this word, as is probable, is to be taken in its Jewish meaning, it must fix the date of this intercession to a period of the most remote antiquity, prior to the destructioa of Jerusalem. BAINT MARK. 17 hearts vnth joy aud gladness, that we always, having all sufficiency in all things, may abound unto every good work, in Christ Jesus our Lord. King of kings, and Lord of Lords, - * * * * the kingdom of Thy servant, the orthodox and Christ- loving king, whom Thou hast vouchsafed to rule over the land in peace and might and justice. ''■' * ■■'■ * God, every enemy, both native and foreign. Lay hand upon the shield and buckler, and stand up to help him ; bring furth the spear, and stop the way against them that persecute him. Cover his head in the day of battle : cause them that spring from his loins to sit on ^his throne -:= * * ■'• (*') speak good things to his heart' for Thy holy Catholic and Apos- tolic Church, and all the people that loveth Christ : that we also in his tranquillity may load a quiet and peaceable life in all g(jdliness and hdiiesty. CJivo rest to the souls of our fathers and brethren that have heretofore wlept in the faith of Christ, O Lord our God, remembering our ancestors, fathers, pa- triarchs, prophets, Apostles, martyrs, confes.sors, Bishops, holy and just persons, every spirit that has de))arted in the faitii of Chuist, and those wIkum to- day we keej) in memory and our lioly fiiiln r Murk. the Apostle and Kvaugelist, who made known to us the way of salvation.) (Hail, thou that art full of grace, the T^ord is with thee; blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy woml), because thou didst bring forth the Saviour of the world, inlond) especially the most holy, stainlesH, blessed, our Lady, Mother of (»od, aud ever- Virgin. (*") We mny, I think, nee in the broken and oorrnpted Htnto r>( tlie petitions for tlic Emiiornr, tliul tlmy fcrniciulof the oriKitml Liturgy. )«it wiro a later editiou, vsLeii tl.c (Jo%erD- ment had become Chrigtiao. C 18 LITURGY (.y Beacon. Sir, pray for a blessing. rrii'st. The Lord shall bless thee with His grace, now and ever, aud to ages of ages. The Deacon reads the Diptychs of the departed. (*^) The Priest bows down and prays : And to the spirits of all these give rest, our Master, Lord and God, in the Tabernacles of Thy Saints, vouchsafing to them in Thy kingdom the good things of Thy promise, {^) which eye hath not seen, and ear hath not heard, and it hath not entered into the heart of man, the things which Thou hast prepared, God, for them that love Thy holy Name. Grant rest to their souls, and vouchsafe to them the kingdom of heaven ; and to us grant that the end of our lives may be Christian and well-pleasing to Thee, and without sin, and grant to us to have a (27) That is to say, the names of the former Prelates of the See, and of celebrated benefactors to the Church. The name is derived from their being inscribed on a board with two leaves, like a modern book : just as Triptych is a board with three leaves, two of which overlap and cover the third. The inser- tion of a name in the Di jitychs, or its erasui-e from them, was equival ent to a declaration that its possessor died in, or out of, the Communion of the Church ; and hence fierce con- tests in the earlier ages, especially between Eome and Con- stantinople, on this fiuliject. The only rite which at present retams the lection of the Diptychs as a part of the Liturgy, is the Mozarabic. f*j Observe liere, (1) one of the many examples of prayers for the dead as an Isapostolic practice ; (2) that, nevertheless, every single expressioji contained in them militates against the doctrine of a purgatoiy, — i.e. in the sense of a place of pain. As this is a subject of such great importance, I have thrown together in an Ai)pendix the prayers for the departed contained in the princijial Liturgies not here translated; the exceeding beauty of the language will render them acceptable to Those who have no need of a proof of the doctrine. SAINT MARK. 19 portion and a lot with all Thy saints. The thanl<- offerings of them that otier sacritices and oblation^ receive, God, to Thy holy and super-cc4estial and spiritual altar, to the height of the heavens, by Thy arch-angelic ministry; of them that oft'ored much or little, secretly and with open boldness, of them tliat desired and had not wlierewitiial to otl'er : and cf tliem that have brought this day their oblations : as Thou didst receive the gifts of Thy righteous servant Abel; laud the I'ricst n/l'irs hivense dinl saitli,\ the sacritice of our father Abraham, the incense of Zacharias, the alms of Cornelius, and the two mites of the widow, receive also their thank-offurings, and give to them instead of things earthly, things licaveuly ; instead of things temporal, things eter- nal. The most holy and blessed I'npo N., whom Thou didst foreknow and ■'■■• ■■'■ ■'■'■ to take in hand the government of Thy holy CatlioHc and Apostolic Church, and our most sacred IJisiiop N., guard them by Tliy care, for many years, in peaceful time, ac- complishing Thy holy Archpriesthood intrusted to tliem by Thee, according to Thy holy and blessed will, rightly dividing the word of truth. And remember also all orthodox Bishops everywhere, I'resbyters, JJeacons, Sub-deacons, Headers, Singers, Monks, cvcr-vir^'ins, widows, laymen. Kemcmber, O Loan, the holy city (■") of Cnuisr our (Jon, and (") Notice the extreme antiquity of tliiH collncutinn, wliich places JcniHalcm tirst. I am iiiclincil t'l tliiiik tlmt the "roiHiiinK city " jh not CriiiMliiiitiii()|)l<', Imt Iloiiif : Hinic it iw liardly likely tliat, \vi'rr to tint tiiiio of ConHtfiiitinc, thrff- of tlie I'lttriiirrlml tlir<>iicn Hiimild lir iiiun- tioiH'fl witliniit tlint which wiih liy luiivtTHiii coiiHijit, flin firHt. Anylu)W it iH rcmnrkablc, tlmt IIouk- [h i-itlxT omittfil alto- getlicr, or is i>r('C<) The passage is manifestly corrupt : but this is the sense. SAINT MARK. 21 the sick : direct all, good God, into the way of salvation, and uuite them to Thy holy ilock ; and preserve us from our iniquities, heiug in all things our guard, and our defender. Deacon. To the East. The Priest hows down and j^rays. Thou art ahove all power and dominion, and might, and principality, and every name that is named not only in this world hut also in that which is to come, liound Thee stand thousand thousands, and ten thousand times ten thousand armies of holy angels and archangels. Round Thee Thy two most honourahlc creatures, the Cherubim, with many eyes, and the Serapliim with six wings, with twain whereof thoy cover their feet, with twain their face, and with twain they do fly : and cry one to the other with incessant voices and porpi.'tual praise, singing, vociferating, glorifying, crying, and saying to the Slajcsty (if Thy glory, tlic triiuiiplial Trisa- gion : Holy, iloly. Holy. Lduu of Saliaotli : heaven and earth are full of Thy holy glory. (Aloud.) Tliou ever saiictifiest all : hut with all that glorify Tln'C, receive, Lohd, our praise also, who with them laud Thee and say, I'efjpU-. Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord. Thr Prienl s'njns the lloli/ Mi/sliiics wilh the Cross, sayinif, Verily earth and heavr-n arc full of Thy lioly glor}', through the maiiifcsfaf ion of our l,(iui) and God and Savioi:h .Jksls Chiiist : fulfil also, God, this sacrifice with Thy heavenly hlessing, by the coming down on it of Tliy mnst lIoi.Y Ghost. For the Loud Himself and our God aii'l universal King, 22 LITURGY OP Jesus Christ, in the night wherein He surrendered Himself for our sins, and .... [underwent] death in tlie fiesli for all, sitting down at supper with His holy Disciples and Apostles, took hread {^^) in His holy and pure and spotless hands, looked up to Thee His owai Father, our God and the God of all, and gave thanks, and hlessed, and hallowed, and brake, and distributed to His holy and blessed Dis- ciples and Apostles, saying, [aloud) Take, eat. Deacon. Pray earnestly. Priest. For this is My Body which is broken for you, and distributed for the remission of sins. Choir. Amen. Priest. Likewise also the cup after supper, having taken, and mingled with wine and water, and look- ing up to heaven to Thee His own Father, our God, and the God of all, He gave thanks, He blessed. He filled with the Holy Ghost, He distributed it to His holy and blessed Apostles and Disciples, saying, {aloud) Drink ye all of this. Deacon. Yet pray earnestly. Priest. This is My Blood of the New Testament, which is shed and distributed for you and for many for the remission of sins. People. Amen. Pr'n'fit. Do this in remembrance of Me. For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye (81) The points dwelt on in the Oriental Liturgies vnih respect to the institution of the Blessed Eucharist are princi- pally these. Of the Bread ; that our Lord (1) looked up to Heaven : (2) took leavened bread : (3) blessed : (4) brake : (5) Himself received : (Gj distributed to His Apostles. Of the Chalice: (1) that He miufjled it with wine and water: (2) looked up to lieaven : (3) blessed: (4) Himself received: (n) distributed to His Apostles. In Appendix II., I give the words of institution from all known Lituriries. 3AINT MARK, 23 shew forth My death, and confess My Resurrection and Ascension till I come. Ahnighty Lord and Master, King of heaven, we, announcing the death of Thine Only-begotten Son, our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus Christ, and confessing His l)lessed Resurrection from the dead on the third day, confess also His Ascension into heaven, and His session on Thy right hand, His God and Father, looking also for His second and fearful and dreadful coming, -when He shall come to judge the quick and the dead in righteous- ness, and to render to every man according to his works : Lord our God, we have set before Thee Thine own of Thine own gifts. And we pray and beseech Thee, (^-) good God («) We now come to the Invocation of the Holy Ghost, by which, according tu tlie doctrine of the Eastern Church, and not by the words of institution, the bread and wine are "changed," " transninfed," "transeleniented," "transubstan- tiated, " into our Loui.'s Body and lllood. This li.iii ulwiiys been a point of contention between the two Clnirches— the time at wliictli tlie cliantro takes i>hico. Originally, there is no doubt that the Invocation of tlie Hoi,y Ono.ii formed a jiart of all I^iturgies. The I'l trine has entirely lost it: the Ephesino (Gallican and Mozarabie.) more or less reta-.ns it : as do also those mixtures of the Kphesine and I'etrine, — the Anibrosian and rutriarcliine or A'luileian. To use the words of the au- ihori/.ed Kussian catechism : "Why is this (the Invoeatinn) bo essential ? Because, at the moment of this act, the br('aeacon. Sir, give the blessing. Priest. Blessed be God, Who blesseth and hal- loweth us all at the offering of the divine and spotless mysteries, and givetli rest to the blessed souls witli the Saints and the just, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Deacon. Let us attend in wisdom. I'lic Priest begins — I believe in one God the Fatiikr Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things («) Thf (iTont Enti(Mi<' servnnts of Thy New Testament, ministers of Thy spotless mysteries, and according to the multitude of Thy mercy receive us who approach to Tliy holy Altar, that wc may be worthy to offer to Tb(?e gifts and 46 ' LITURGY oy sacrifices for our own ignorances and for those of the people; and grant us, Lord, with all fear and with a good conscience to set before Thee this spiritual and unbloody sacrifice, receiving which unto Thy holy and super-celestial and rational Altar, for a savour of spiritual sweetness, send down to us in its stead the grace of Thine all-holy Spirit. Yea, God, look upon us, and have regard to this our reasonable sacrifice, and receive, as Thou didst receive the gifts of Abel, the sacrifices of Noe, the priestly offerings of Moses and Aaron, the peace- ofi'erings of Samuel, the repentance of David, the incense of Zacharias : as Thou didst receive from the hand of Thine Apostle this true worship, thus receive also from the hands of us sinners, in Thy goodness, these gifts that are laid before Thee. And grant that our oblations may be well-pleasing to Thee and hallowed by the Holy Ghost, for a pro- pitiation of our transgressions, and of the ignor- ances of the people, and for the repose of the souls that have fallen asleep ; that we also, Thy humble and sinful, and unworthy servants, being counted worthy to minister without guile at Thy holy Altar, may receive the reward of faithful and wise stewards, and may find grace and mercy in the fearful day of Thy just and good recompense. Prayer of the Veil. (") We render thanks to Thee,LoiuJ our God, for that Thou hast given us boldness to the entrance in of Thy holy places, the new and living way which Thou hast consecrated for us through the veil of the Flesh of Thy Christ. We therefore, to whom it (^) Because the Veil is now raised, and the Holy Mysteries ■exposed to view. SAINT JAMES. 47 hath been vouchsafed to enter into the i^lace of the tabernacle of Thy glory, and to be within the veil, and to behold the Holy of Holies, fall down before Thy goodness : Master, have mercy iipou us : since we are full of fear and dread, when about to stand before Thy holy Altar, and to offer this fearful and un- bloody sacrifice for our sins and for the ignorances of the people. Send forth, God, Thy good grace, and hallow our souls, and bodies, and spirits ; and change our disposition to piety, that in a pure con- science we may present to Thee the mc rcy of peace, the sacrifice of praise. (^) Kxclatixntion. Through the mercy and love to men, and Thine Only-Begotten Hon, with Whom, &c. People. Amen. Priest. Peace be with all. Deacon. Let us stand with piety ; let us stand with the fear of God and compunction of heart ; let us attend to the holy Anaphora, to ofter peace [i.e. a peacc-ofl'eringj to God. People. The mercy of peace, the sacrifice of praise. I'ru'Ht. And do Thou, uncovering the veils of enigmas which mystically surround this holy rite ; make them gloriously manifest to us : and till our intellectual eyes with incomjirohcnsiljle light; and, having cleansed our poverty iVorn every pollution of flesh and si)ock, make it worthy of tliis fearful and dread ministration : for Thou art the God of ex- ceeding tender mercy : and to Thee we send up tlie glory and giving of thanks to (he Fatiikk, the 8on, and the Holy Ghost, now and for ever. (") Notice the sublime depth of thiH prayer, wliich Hcemi perfectly npostolic. Did the writer (|iu)te S. I'lml, {llrb. x. 19, 20,) or did S. Paul, in writing to the Hebrews, quote their own Litnrfy? 48 LITURGY OF Then he exclaims — [Here beginneth the Anaphora.] The love of the Lord and Father, the grace of the Lord and Son, the communion and gift of the Holy Ghost, be with us all. Feople. And with thy spirit. Priest. Lift we up our mind and our hearts. People. It is meet and right. Pj'iest. It is verily meet and right, fitting and due, to praise Thee, to hymn Thee, to bless Thee, to wor- ship Thee, to glorify Thee, to give thanks to Thee, Who madcst all creation visible and invisible ; the Treasure of eternal good things, the Fountain of life and immortality, the God and Master of all Things, Whom lieaven, and the heaven of heavensh, ymn, and all their powers : the sun and the moon and all the choir of the stars ; the earth, the sea, and all that is in them ; Jerusalem the celestial assembly, the Church of the First-born written in heaven : the spirits of just men and of Prophets ; the souls of Martyrs and Apostles ; Angels, Archangels, thrones, dominations, principalities, virtues, and the tre- mendous powers ; the Cherubim of many eyes, and the Seraphim that have six wings, with twain whereof they cover their faces, and with twain their feet, and with twain they do fly, crying one to the other, with ceaseless tongues and perpetual doxologies, the triumphal hymn to the majesty of Thy glory, sing- ing with a loud voice, crying, praising, vociferating, and saying, Choir. Holy, Holy, Holy Lord of Sabaoth ; heaveu and earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna in the highest : blessed is He that cometh in the Name ol the Lord : Hosanna in the highest. Holy art Thou, King of ages, and Lord and Giver SAINT JAMES. 49 of all holiness : holy also Thine Only-Begotten Son, our LoKD Jesus Christ, by Whom Thou didst make all things : holy also the Holy Ghost, Who searcheth all things, yea, even the deep things of God : holy art Thou, Omnipotent, Almighty, Good, Tre- mendous, Long-suffering, and of great compassion towards Thy creatures : Thou Who didst make man from the earth after Thine image and likeness : and didst give him the dehght of Paradise, and when he transgressed Thy commandment and fell. Thou didst not disregard nor leave him, good God : but didst correct him as a tender Father, didst call liim by the Law, didst educate him by the Propliets ; and lastly didst send forth into the world Thine Only-begotten Son, our Loud Jesus Chbist, that He might come and renew and restore in us Tliine image: Who descended from heaven, and being in- carnate of the Holy Ghost and Mary tlie Virgin and Mother of God, and having had His conversation with men, accomplished all the dispensation for the salvation of our race, and Wlio being about to endure His voluntary and life-giving deatli on the Cross, the sinless, for us siiniers, in the night wherein He was betrayed, or rather surrendered Himself for tlie life and salvation of tlic worhl {lifn: llir rrlrst tahrs the bread in liis liaiidsj, taking bread in His holy and spotless and pure and immortal hands, and luoking up to licavon, and shewing it to Thee, His God and Father, Ho gave thanks, and hallowed, and brake, and gave to us His Apostles and Disciples ('"), saying, The Deacoim. For the remission of sins and eternal life. ('") Notice the worfl im, which in fonml in (liis rniinrrtion in no other Liturgy, howevtT nncitiit, or bcftrinn tin' iiuiiir' of any otlipr Apontlc. It BeemH to ilenole the autliorwliip of one T%ho was present at the Last Supper. — L. F. 50 LITURGY OP Finest (aloud.) Take, eat : this is My Body which is broken for you, aud is given for the remission of sins. People. Amen. Theti he takes the cup, and saith, Likewise also the cup after sujiper, having taken, and mixed it with wine aud water, and having looked up to heaven, and displayed it to Thee, His God and Father, He gave thanks, and hallowed, and blessed, and filled with the Holy Ghost, and gave it to us. His Disciples, saying, Diiuk ye all of this : This is My Blood of the New Testament, which for you and for many is shed and distributed for the remissioji of sins. Pcuple. Amen. Priest. Do this in remembrance of Me. For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye set forth the death of the Son of Man, and confess His resurrection, till He come. Deacon. We believe aud confess. People. We set forth Thy death, Lord, and confess Thy resurrection. I'ricst. We therefore also, sinners, remembering His life-giving Passion, His salutary Cross, His Death, and Eesurrection from the dead on the third day. His Ascension into heaven, and session on the right hand of Tliee, His God and Father, and His glorious and terrible coming again, when He shall come with glory to judge the quick and the dead, and to render to every man according to his works, offer to Thee, Lord, this tremendous and unbloody sacrifice, beseeching Thee that Thou wouldst not deal with us after our sins, nor reward us according to our iiiiquities : but according to Thy gentleness SAINT JAMES. 51 and ineffable love, passing by and blotting out the hand- writing that is against us, Thy suppliants, wouldst grant us Thy heavenly and eternal gifts, which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive the things which Thou, God, hast prepared for them that love Thee.(") And set not at nought Thy people, Lord and Lover of men, for me and for my sins. (He rqicnts thrice.) For Thy people and Thy Church supplicate Thee. People. Have mercy upon us, Lord God, Fatheb Almighty. Prient. Have mercy on us, God Almighty, Have mercy on us, God our Saviour. Have mercy on us, God, according to Thy great goodness, and send upon us, and upon these proposed gifts, Thy most Holy Ghost, {he bnuls his head,) the Lord and Life-giving ; sharer of the throne and of the kingdom with Thee, God and Fatiikr, and Thine Only-liegotten Son, consubstantial and co-eternal, ^V)l0 spake in the Law, and the Prophets, and Thy New Testament, Who descended in the form of a dove on our Lord Jksus Christ in tlie river Jordan, and rested on Him, Who descended upon Thy holy Apostles in the likeness of fiery tongues in the upper room of the holy and glorious Sion, at the day of Pentecost : send down the same most Holy Ghost, Lord, upon us, and upon these holy and proposed gifts, {hr idisrs himsrif, iiinl siiith iilaiid,) that coming upon them with His holy and good and (") TliiH iH tlio famouH puKHnge wliirli in fnnnd in 1 Cor. ii. 9, but which is tlifre a quotation, and irrcKnIar in Kniiuuiatical coDbtruction. It in commonly reft-rrcd to Isaiali Ixiv. 4, but when tested by the LXX. proves to have only a wnperficial resemblance to it. The inference Ih that this is the original context, and that S. I'anl quotes the Liturgy. — L. E 2 52 . LITURGY OP glorious presence, He may hallow and make this bread the holy Body of Thy Christ. People. Amon. Priest. And this cup the precious Blood of Thy Christ. People. Amen. Priest, rising up, in a low voice, That they may he to those that partake of them, for remission of sins, and for eternal life, for saucti- fication of souls and bodies, for bringing forth good works, for the confirmation of Thy Holy Catholic Church, which Thoii hast founded upon the rock of faith, that the gates of hell may not prevail against it ; freeing it from all heresy and scandals, and from them that work wickedness, and preserving it till the consummation of all things. {Bending his head, he continues.) We offer them also to Thee, Lord, for Thy holy places which Thou hast glorified by the divine apparition of Thy Christ, and by the advent of Thine All-Holy Spirit: especially for the glorious Sion, the mother of all Churches. And for Thy holy Catholic Apostolic Church throughout the world. Supply it, Lord, even now, with the plentiful gifts of Thy Holy Ghost. Eomcmber also, Lord, our holy fathers and brothers in it, and the Bishops that in all the world rightly divide the word of Thy truth. Re- member, also, Lord, every city and region, and the Orthodox that dwell in it, that they may inhabit it with peace and safety. Remember, Lord, Christians that are voyaging, that are journeying, that are in foreign lands, in bonds and in prison, captives, exiles, in mines, and in tortures, and bitter slavery, our fathers and brethren. Remember, LoED, them that are in sickness or travail, them SAINT JAMES. 53 Hi at are vexed of unclean spirits, that they may Bpeeclily be healed and rescued by Thee, God. Remember, Lord, eveiy Christian soul in tribulation and distress, desiring the pity and succour of Tliee, God, and the conversion of the erring. Re- member, Lord, our fathers and brethren that labour and minister to us through Thy holy Name. Re- member, Lord, all for good ; have pity. Lord, on all ; be reconciled to all of us ; give peace to the multitude of Thy people ; dissipate scandals ; put an end to wars ; stay the rising up of heresies. Give us Thy peace and Thy love, O God oar Saviour, the succour of all the ends of the earth, Remember, Lord, the healthfulness of the air. gentle showers, healthy dews, plenteousness of fruits, the crown of the year of Thy goodness, for the eyes of all wait upon Thee, and Thou givest them their meat in due season ; Thou openest Thine hand, and iillest all things living with plenteousness. Renioiubcr, Lord, tlioiii tliat bear fruit and do good deeds in Thy holy Churclies, and that remember the poor, the widows, the orphans, tlie stranger, tlie needy; and all those wJio have desired us to remember them in our prayers. Furthermore, Lord, vouchsafe to remember tliose who have tliis day brought these oblations to Thy holy Altar; and tlie things for which each l)r()Ught them, or wliicli lie had in his mind ; and fhoso whom we have now commemorated before Tlieo. Rph\ Amen. ("I TliiR iH the EmbnliamiiH, or Prayer against Temptation, wliirli follows tlic Loiid's Prayer in every Litur^'y. Scr S. Mark, p. 25. f") In the printed Greek Liturgy <>f S. JaracH tliere ifl a dmililo pn.rlmnafion by tlif Deacon, and a double iirnycr of inclination ; but one of these iH so clearly a second edition o( the other, that I have ventured to omit it. 58 LTTUBGY or Priest, {aloud). And the grace and mercies of the Holy and consubstantial aud uncroated and ador- able Trinity shall be with us all. People. And with thy spirit. Beacon. With the fear of God let us attend. The Priest saith secretly. Holy Lord, That restest in the hoUes, hallow us by the word of Thy grace, and by the visitation of Thine All-holy Spirit, for Thou, 6 Lord, hast said, be ye holy, for I am holy. Lord our God, incom- prehensible Word of God, consubstantial, co-eternal, indivisible, with the Father and the Holy Ghost, receive the pure liymn, in Thy holy and spotless Sacrifice, with the Cherubim and Seraphim, and from me a sinner, crying and saying. Then he elevates the gifts, and saith. Holy things for holy persons. People. One holy, one Lord, Jesus Christ, in the glory of God the Father, to Whom be glory for ever and ever. Deacon. For the remission of our sins, and the propitiation of our souls, and for every afflicted and distressed soul, that needeth the pity and help of God : and for the conversion of them that have strayed, the healing of them that are sick, the liberation of them that are in captivity, the rest of our fathers and brethren that have fallen asleep before us, let us pray earnestly and say, Lord, have mercy. People. Lord, have mercy. {Twelve times.) Then the Priest breaks the bread, and holds the half in his right hand, and the half in his left ; and dips in the chalice that which he holds in his right hand, saying, SAINT JAME8. 69 The union of the most holy Body and precious Blood of our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus Christ. Then he signs that irJiich he holds in his left hand: then icith that iihich is signed the other half: then he begins to divide before all, and to distribute one part into each chalice, saying. It hath heen united and sanctified and accom- plished in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, now and ever. And uhen he signs the bread, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God, the Son of the Father, That taketh away the sin of the world, sacrificed for the life and salvation of the world. And when he distributes one part into each chalice, he saitli, A holy portion of Christ, full of grace and truth, of the Father and the Holy Ghost, to Whom he the glorj' find the might, for ever and ever. Then he begins to break, and to say, Psalm xxiii. Psalm xxxiv. Psalm cxlv. Psalm cxvii. Deacon. Sir, hloss. Priest. The Loni> sliall hless us and keep us witliout condemnation for the communion ol' His spotless gifts, now and ever, and to all ages. Deacon. Sir, hless. Priest. The Lord shall hless us and make us to receive witli the pure tongs of our fingers tlio burning coal, and to place it in the moutlis of the faithful, for the purification and renewal of their souls, and hodics, now and ever. taste and see that the Lord is good : lie That 60 LITURGY OF is broken, and not divided, distributed to the faithful, and not consumed, for the remission of their sins and eternal life, now and ever, and to all ages. Deacon. In the peace of Christ let us sing. Choir. taste and see that the Lord is good. Priest [before communicatinrj). Lord our God, the Heavenly Bread, the Life of the world, I have sinned against heaven and before Thee, and am not worthy to partake Thy spotless mysteries : but do Thou, Who art a compassionate God, make me worthy by Thy grace to communicate without con- demnation in the holy Body and precious Blood, for the remission of sins, and eternal life. [The Priest communicates.] But when the Deacons take up the patens and chalices to communicate the people, the Deacon that takes the first paten, says, Sir, bless. Priest. Glory to God, "Who hath sanctified, and sanctifieth us all. Deacon. Set up Thyself, God, above the heavens, and Thy glory above all the earth ; and Thy king- dom remaineth for ever and ever. And when the Deacon is about to take it up from (") the side table, the Priest saith. Blessed be the Name of the Lord our God for ever. ' f'^) All the editions read below, i-Kaifia -rhv SiaKov 0,1:6 "rov ■KapcLTpaTTt^ov, and here, Sre fj.4K\ei 6 StuKovoi riOeuai ets tJ> ■jraparpd-n-({ov. It is nearly certain that the rubrics have been misplaced. The point is one of great difficulty, but the com- mentators entirely neglect it. The first question is, what is the irapaTpaTTtCov . Du Cange will have it to be that on which tlie sacred portions were lying, the /nfpiSes of the office of prothesis. But it is clear that the Deacons are now in the SAINT JAMES. 61 Deacon. With the fear of God, and faith, and love, draw near. People. Blessed be he that cometh in the Name of the Lord. [The Communion.] And again, when the Deacon puts the paten down on the side table, he saith, Sir, bless. Priest. O Lord, save Thy people : and bless Thine heritage. Glory' to our God Who hath sanctified us all. Deacons and peaplf. Fill our mouths with Thy praise, Lord, and fill our lips with thankfulness, that we celebrate Thy glory and Thy majesty all the day long. naos, or just on the point of leaving the boma. Tlio antidoron then is out of the question, for tlio Coniumiiion has ndt yet taken phice. We must imaj^'inc tlie irapaTf)dwt(of in tliis iu- stance to be a side table jibiced in the Ijcina, on wliich the chalices, Arc, were sot down (l)y the rubric before', orav SiS'k /xtpiba air\rii/ (is (KaaTov Kparnpa, \(y*i, it is clear that several were contemplated) in order that the Deacons might take them tlicnce, and not from the Altar. By the transposition of the rubrics, all is now clear: wiien tlic Deacnn takes the paten up, for the purpose of administering to tlie people, he says, " Blessed be the Name," &c. lie tlien desires the people to approach ; and they accordingly communicate. After this ho returns to the iraparp6.irf(ov, and srttivg dmin the paten or chalice, says, " Sir, bless," &c., as below. But if the altera- tion in tlin rubrics bo not allowed, the only possible way of making sense is the arrangement which I adopted in another place, where 1 did not feel justified in making the cbango. ITetrulog. Liturgic. p. 192.) The Deacon, receiving tbe chalice rom the Priest to set it on the side table, says, " Bb'ssed bo the Name," i, sayinr/, Thou That didst bind the strong man, and spoil all his goods : Thou That didst give us power to tread upon 6eq)ents and scorpions and all the might of the ad- versary : Thou That didst give over to us bound, the man-slaying serpent, as a sparrow to children : C*) Whom all things fear and trcnable at from the face of 'J'hy power : Thou That didst break him as light- ning from heaven, not with a local fracture, but from honour to dishonour, through his own evil- mindedness : Thou Whose look drieth up the abysses, and AVhose threat wasteth the mountains, and Whose truth remaineth for ever ; Whom in- fants j)raise, and sucklings bless : Who lookest upon the earth, and makest it to tremble. Who touchest the mountains, and they smoke : Who threatenest the sea, and driest it up, and utterly destroyest all the rivers : to Whom the clouds are the dust of Thy feet : Thou That walkest upon the sea as upon a foundation : Only-Begotten God, Son of the Mighty Father, rebuke the evil spirits, and preserve the works of Thine Hands from the energy of an adverse spirit : for to Thee is glory, honour, and worship. (3j The allusion is to Job xli. 5—" Wilt thou play with him as with a bird, or wilt thou bind liiiii for thy maidens ? " SAINT CLEJIENT. C9 and by Thee to Thy Father, and the Holy Gnosi. Amen. And let the Deacon say: Pass forward, ye Ener- gumens. And after this let him cxchtiui : Praj', ye that are inuminated. Let us, the faithful, all jiray earnestly for tliem, that the Lord may count them worthy, havmg heeu initiated into the death of Christ, raise them up together with Him, aud to become partakers of His kingdom, and sharers of His mysteries, that He may unite and may collect them together with those that are saved in His Holy Church. Save and raise them up in Thy grace. Lot them that have been sealed to God by His Christ, bow down and be blest with this bless- ing from the Bishop. Thou That saidst aforehand by Thy lioly Prophets to the initiated. Wash you, make you clean, and didst through Christ give them the lav/ of spiritual regeneration, — do Tliou Thyself now look upon the baptized, and bless them and hallow them, and prepare them so as to be wortliy of Thy spiritual gift, and tlie true adoption of Thy spiritual mysteries, the gathering together witli them that are saved, through Christ our Saviour : (*) through, &c. And let the Deacon say : Pass forward, ye that are illuminated. And after this, let him, pnx-htini: Pray, ye tluit arc in penitence. Let us earnestly supplicate for our brethren that are in penitence, that God, the very pitiful, mo,y point out to them the way of repentance, may receive their recantation and their confession, and may bruise Satan under their feet shortly, and may ransom them from tJie (*) Tliifl prayer would appear, from the Council of Lnodifon, anrl from tlif .silence of S. CbijKOHlom, to bo of later Uute ).Lun tilt! tniiers. 70 LITURGY OF hjuai-e of the devil, and the insult of demons, and may deliver them from every unlawful word, and every unseemly deed and wicked imagination ; may pardon them all their falls, voluntary and in- voluntary ; and may hlot out tlie handwriting that is against them, and may ■wT.-ite them in the Book of Life, and may cleanse them from every pollution of flesh and spirit, and may restore them so as to unite them to His holy flock : for He knoweth our frame. For who can hoast that he hath a pure heart ? Or who can he •confident that he is pure from sin? For we are all suhject to penalty. Let us yet pray more earnestly for them, because there is joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, that they, turning away from every unlawful work, may he made familiar with every good deed, to the end that God, the Lover of men, may speedily receive their prayers with favour, may give them the joy of His salvation again, and may stablish them with His Princely Spirit, that they may be no more shaken : that they may become partakers of His holy things, and sharers of the Divine mysteries, and being manifested as worthy of adoption, may attain eternal life. Let us yet say earnestly for them : Lord, have mercy : save them, God, and raise them up by Thy mercy. Eise up and bend your heads to God, through His Christ, and receive the blessing. Then let the BishoiJ 2"'"'J "/'cr this fashion. Al- mighty, everlasting God, Master of all. Creator and Governor of all things, Thou \Yho didst through Christ consecrate man to be the ornament of the world, (*) and didst give him a law implanted in him and written, to the end that he might live (*) Ornament of the world. It is of course impossible to preserve the paronomasia, KSaixov tov k6 one nod, or whisper, or wink. And let the Deacon stand at the doors of the men, and the Sub-Deacons at those if the women, that no one may yo out, and that the door may not be opened even ihouyh it may be by one of the faithful, duriny the time (f the Anapliora. And let one Sub-Deacon yire uuiter to the I'rirsts to wash their hands, the symbol of the purity of the souls devoted to GoD. 'J'he order of James, thr bmthrr of John, the sou if Zeliedce. And I, James, the brother of Jo/ni, the son of Zebedee, command that forthwith the Deacon say. Let none of the Catochumcns, none of the hcjirors, none of the unbelievers, none of the heterodox, stay. Ye who have prayed the former prayer, dfi)art. Motlici-s, tiike up your childi-cii. lict no one have ought against any man. Let none be in hypocrisy. Let us stand upright, to present unto the Lord our offerings with fear nud trembling. 76 LITURGY OP When this is done, let t/ie Deacons bruiy the gifts to the Bishop at the Altar ; and let the Priests stand on his light hand, and on Jiis left, as disciples by their Master. But let two of the Deacons on each side of the Altar hold a fan made up of thin membranes, or peacock's feathers, or fine cloth, and let them silently drive away jlics and gnats, that they may not fall into the ciq)s. Then the Bishop, after having i^^'ciy^d secretly, {and likewise the Friests,) and having put on his splendid vestment, (®) and standing at the Altar, and signing himself tvith the sign of the Cross upon his forehead, let him say, The grace of the Almighty God, and the love of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the fellowship of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. And let all with one voice say, And with thy spirit. Bishop. Lift up your mind. People. We lift it up unto the Lord. Bishop. Let us give thanks to the Lord. People. It is meet and right. Bishop. It is indeed meet and right before all things to sing praises to Thee, the true God, from everlasting, of Whom the whole family in heaven and earth is named ; Who alone art unbegotten, without beginning, the supreme Lord, Almighty King, and self-sufficient; the Author and Giver of all good things, without cause, without generation, self-existing ; the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever. At Thy Word, as from a necessary original, all things started into being. For Thou art ever- lasting knowledge, sight before all objects, hearing (9) This very ancient rubric establishes the use of a special Euchiiristic rolje at an exceedingly early date. It is unlikely to be an interpolation, because there is no trace of this Liturgy having ever been actually employed in public wor- ship. — L. SAINT CLEMENT. 77 before all sounds, wisdom without instruction ; the first in nature, the law of being, exceeding all num- ber. Thou createdst all things out of nothing by Thine Only-Begotten Son, begotten before all ages by no other means than Thy will. Thy power, and Thy goodness ; God the Word, the Only-Begotten Son, the Living Wisdom, the First-born of every creature, the Angel of Thy gi-eat counsel, Thy High Priest, but Lord and King of all sensible and intel- lectual creatures. Who was before all things, and by Whom all tilings were made. Thou, eternal God, didst make all things by Him, and by Him too dispensest Thy providence over them ; for by the Same that Thou didst graciously bring all things into being, by Him Thou continucst all things in well-being. The God and Fatheu of Tliiiin Oiily- J>egotten Son ; Who by Him didst niaki' first Ihe Cherubim and Seraphim, the Ages, Thrones, Arch- angels, and Angels, and after these didst by Him create this visible world, and all things wliich are therein. For it is Thou Who hast fixed the heaven like an arch, and stretched it out like the covering of a tent ; and didst establish tiic earth upon nothing by Tliy will alone; Who hast estiiblished the firmament, and prepared the night and the day, bringing ligiit out of Thy treasures, and darkness to overshadow it, that under its covert the livinj;^ creatures of this world might take their repose. Thou hast appointed the sun to rule the day, and the moon to govern the night; and moreover bast inscribed in the heavens a choir of stars for the honour of Thy glorious majesty. Thou hast made water for drink, jind for cleansing, tiic vital air for respirjition, and conveyance of sounds hy tho tongue's striking of it, and the hearing which co- operates with it, so as to perceive the voice when it 78 lilTURGY OF is received by it, and falls upon it. Tbou madest fire for our consolation in darkness, and for the relief of oui- necessities, that we might be both Avarmed and enlightened by it. Thou didst divide the great sea from the land, making the one naviga- ble, "and the other a basis for our feet in walking ; the former Thou hast replenished -with small and great beasts, the latter too both with came and wild ; and hast moreover furnished it with various plants, crowned it with herbs, beautified it with flowers, and em-iched it with seeds. Thou didst constitute the great deep, and didst set about it a mighty hol- low ; (^) seas of salt waters stand as an heap bounded on every side with barriers of sand ; sometimes Thou dost swell it by the wind, so as to equal the high mountains, and sometimes smooth it into a plain ; now making it rage with a tempest, then stilling it with a calm, for the ease of mariners in their voyages. The earth, which was made by Thee, through Christ, Thou hast encompassed with rivers, watered with currents, and moistened with springs which never fail ; Thou hast girt it about with mountains, that it may not be moved at any time ; Thou hast replenished and adorned it with fragrant and medicinal herbs, with many and various kinds of living creatures, strong and weak, for food and for labour, tame and wild ; with the dull harsh noises of those creatures which move upon the earth, and the soft sprightly notes of the gaudy many-colom-ed birds which wing the air ; with the (9) Brett translates " didst cast a mound about it." But I cannot see what is the authority for this signification of kyitos. It is best to take it in the sense of a great hollow or chasm. See Buttman's Lexilogus, under the word KrjTweaaa. Had that distinguished scholar been acquainted with Patristic writings, he would have been glad to find in this passage a corroboration of his hypothesis. 8A1NT CLEMENT. 79 revolution of years, the number of months and days, the regular succession of the seasons ; with the courses of the clouds big with rain, for the pro- duction of fruits, the support of living creatures : where also the winds take their stand, which blow at Thy command, and for the refreshment of trees and plants. And Thou hast not only created the world, but man likewise the citizen of it ; mani- festing in him the beauty and excellency of that beautii'ul and excellent creation. For Thou saidst to Thine Own Wisdom, Let us make man in Our Own Image, and after Our likeness, and let them have dominion over the fish of tlio sta, and over the fowl of the air. Wlierefore Thou niadest him of an immortal soul, and jjerishable body, the soul out of notliing, the body of the four elements; this endued with live senses, and a power of motion ; that with reason, and a faculty of distinguishing between religion and irrcligion, tlie just and the unjust. Tliou, O Almiglity God, didst also by Christ plant a garden eastward in Eden, adorned with every plant that was meet for food ; into this Thou didst put him, a rich and magnificent habita- tion ; having given him a law in his nature, and such powers that without the assistance of other means, even in hiinscir he might ]m\(>. the jirinciplcs of divine knowledge. And when Thou didst put him into this paradise of pleasure, Thou gavest him tlic privilege of enjoying all its dcliglits, with this only exception, that he should not out of vain curiosity in hopes of bettering his condition, taste of one tree, and immortality was to be the reward of his obedience to tbis command ; but when hr bad broken through it. and eaten of the forbidden IVuit, over-reached by the subtilty of the serpent, and the counsel of the woman, Thou didst justly drive him 80 LITURGY OF out of paradise ; but in Thy goodness didst not despise him, nor suffer him wholly to perish ; for he was the Avork of Thine own hands : but Thou gavest him dominion over all things, and by his labour, and the sweat of his face, to procure his food. Thy provi- dence co-operating with him, so as to make the fruits of the earth to spriiig up, inci'ease, and ripen. And having sul)jected him for a while to a tem- porary death, Thou didst bind Thyself by an oath to restore him to life again ; loosing the bands of that death, by the promise of a resurrection to the life which is eternal. Nor was this all ; but Thou didst likewise multiply his posterity witliout number, glorifying as many of them as were obedient unto Thee, and punishing those who rebelled against Thee. Thou didst accept the sacrifice of Abel on account of his lightcousness, and reject the offering of Cm in who slew his brother, because of his un- worthiness. And besides these, Thou didst receive Seth and Enos, and translate Enoch. For Thou art the creator of men, the author of life, the sup- plier of our wants, the giver of laws, the rewarder of those who keep them, and the avenger of those who transgress them ; Who didst bring tlie great flood upon the world because of the multitude of the ungodly, but didst deliver righteous Noah from it with eight souls in the ark, the last of the fore- going, and the first of the succeeding generations ; Who didst kindle a dreadful fire in the five cities of Sodom, and turn a fruitful land into a salt lake for the wickedness of them that dwelt therein ; but didst snatch holy Lot out of the conflagration. Thou art He, Who didst preserve Abraham from the ido- latry of his forefathers, and appoint him the heir of the world, manifesting unto him Thy Christ ; Who didst ordain Melchisedeck an high priest for Thy BAIKT CLEMENT. 81 worship; Who didst approve Thy servant Job by his patience and long suffering, the conqueror of that serpent, who is the author and promoter of all wickedness ; Who madest Isaac the Son of the pro- mise, and Jacob the father of twelve sons, Avhom Thou didst multiply exceedingly, bringing him into Egypt with seventy-five souls. Thou, Lord, didst not overlook Joseph, but gavest him, as the reward of his chastity for Thy sake, the government over the Egyptians. Neither didst Thou, Lord, overlook the Hebrews Avhen in bondage under the Egjrptians, but according to Thy promises made to their fathers. Thou didst deliver them, and punish the Egyptians. And when men corrupted the law of nature, and esteemed the creation, sometimes as the effect of chance, and sometimes to be worthy of honour equal to Thine, Who art the God of all, Thou didst not suffer them to wander in error ; but didst raise up Thy holy servant Moses, and by him give a written law to strengthen the law of nature, and sliew the creation to be Tliy work, and tliat tliere were no otlier Gods Ijosides Thee. Thou didst adorn Aaron and his posterity with the honour of the priesthood. Thou didst ])unisli the Hebrews when they sinned, and receive them again wlien they returned to Thee. Thou didst torment the Egyptians with ten plagues, and divide tlie sea for the IsraeUtes to pass tlirougli, overwliclmiug tlio Egyptians in their pursuit after them with the waves thereof. Tliou didst sweeten the bitter water witli wood, and })ring water out of tlut ])recipit()UH rock. Thou didst rain manna from iieuveii, and quails out of the air for food. Tiiou madest a l>illar of fire to give them light in the uiglit, and a pdlar of acUjud to shadow them from the heat in tho day. Thou didst raise up Joshua to bo a general of 82 LTTURGY OF their armies, and by him destroy seven nations of the Canaanites. Thou didst divide Jordan, and dry up the rivers of Etham. Thou didst overthrow walls without engines, or any assistance of human force. For all these things, glory be to Thee, Lord Almighty; Thee the innumerable hosts of angels, archangels, thrones, dominions, principali- ties, virtues, powers, Thine everlasting armies adore. The Cherubim and Seraphim with six wings, with twain they cover their feet, with twain their heads, and with twain they fly, and say, together with thousand thousands of archangels, and ten thousand times ten thousand of angels, crying incessantly with uninterrupted shouts of praise ; And let all the People say with them: Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord of Sabaoth, heaven and earth arc full of His glory. Blessed be He for evermore. Amen. After this, let the Bishop say. Thou art indeed holy, and most holy ; the highest, and most highly exalted for ever. Holy also is Thine Only-]3egotten Son Jesus Christ our Lord and God. Who, always ministering to Thee His God and Father, not only in the various works of the creation, but in the providential care of it, did not overlook lost mankind. But after the law of nature, the admonitions of the positive law, the prcjphetical reproofs, and the superintendency of angels, when men had perverted both the positive and natural law, and had forgotten the flood, the burning of Sodom, the plagues of the Egyptians, the slaughter of the nations of Palestine, and were now ready to perish universally ; He, Who watf mnu's Creator, was pleased with Thy consent to 8AINT CLEMENT. P3 become man ; the Lawgiver to be under the law ; the Priest to be Himself the sacrifice ; the Shep- herd a sheep ; to appease Thee His God and Father, to reconcile Thee (") to the world, and deliver all men from the impending wi-ath. He was incarnate of a Virgin, God the Word, the beloved Son, the First-born of every creature ; and, as He Himself had foretold by the mouth of the prophets, of the seed of David, and of Abraham, and of the tribe of Juda. He, Who forms all that are born in the world, was Himself formed in the womb of a Virgin ; He That was without flesh, became flesh ; and He Who was begotten from eternity, was born in time. He was holy in His conversation, and taught according to the law; He cured diseases, and wrought signs and wonders amongst the people ; He Who is the feeder of the hungry, and fills every living creature with His goodness, became partaker of His own gifts, and eat, and drank, and slept amongst us : He manifested Tliy Name to them that knew it not ; He dispelled the cloud of ignor- ance, restored piety, fulfilled Thy will, and finished Thy work which Thou gavcst Him to do. And when He had regulated all these things. He was seized by the hands of a disobedient people, and wicked men abusing the office of Priests and High- Priests, Ijeing betrayed to tlxtn by one wlio (ixcclbxl in wickedness ; and when He had sullered many Notice here, and again presently, this " unRcriptural " phraHe. Accorrlingto S. I'liurB tfiicliing, it in man tliat must be reconcilfd td Hov, not God to iniin. TIiIh appcnrw fn mo a gnod firKuinunt in favour of tlio Ix'licf tliat S. Clcnicnt's Liturgy was nover really employed by any Churcli. Siic-li an error might eanily escape the notice of an individual writer ; hut th(,' mar^f'llouH theological accurury of early Liturgiea Would not have allowed the iihrasc to remain in use. G 2 b4 LITURGY OP things from tliem, and been treated with all manner of indignity, He was by Thy i)ermission delivered to Pilate the governor ; the Judge of all the world was judged, and the Saviour of mankind con- demned ; although impassible. He was nailed to the cross ; and although immortal, died. The Giver of Life was laid in the grave, that He might deliver those from the pains of death, for whose sake He came ; and that He might break the bands of the devil, and rescue man from his deceit. He arose from the dead the third day ; and after con- tinuing forty days with His disciples, He was taken up into heaven, and is set down on the right hand of Thee His God and Father. Calling therefore to remembrance those things which He endured for our sakes, we give thanks unto Thee, God Almighty, not as we ought, but as we are able, to fulfil His institution. For in the same night that He was betrayed, taking bread into His holy and immaculate hands, and looking up to Thee liis Goi> and Father, and breaking it, He gave it to His disciples, saying. This is the Mystery of the New Testament ; take of it ; eat ; this is My Body, which is broken for many for the remission of sins. Likewise also having mingled the cup with wine and water, and blessed it. He gave it to them, saying : Drink ye all of it : this is My Blood, which is shed for many for the remission of sins ; do this in remembrance of Me ; for as often as ye eat of this bread, and drink of this cup, ye do shew fortli My death till I come. Wherefore having in remembrance His passion, death, and resurrection from the dead, His return into heaven, and His future second appearance, when He shall come with glory and power to judge the quick and the dead, and to render to every man SAINT CLEMENT. 86 according to his works ; we offer to Tliee, our King and our God, according to this institution, this bread and tliis cup ; giving thanks to Tliee through Him, that Tliou hast thought us worthy to stand before Tliee, and to sacrifice unto Thee. And we beseech Thee, that Thou wilt look graciously on these gifts now lying before Thee, Thou self- sufficient God ; and accept them to the honour of Thy Christ. And send down Thy Holy Spirit, the Witness of the sufferings of the Lord Jesus, on tliis sacrifice, that He may make this bread the Body of Thy Christ, and this cup the Blood of Thy Christ. That all who shall partake of it may be confirmed in godliness, may receive remission of their sins, may be delivered from the devil and his wiles, may l)e filled with the Holy Ghost, may 1)0 made worthy of Thy Christ, and may obtain ever- lasting life ; Thou, (^") Lord Almighty, being reconciled to them. We further pray unto Thee, liOitn, for Thy holy Church, spread from one end of the world unto the other, which Thou hast purchased by the pre- cious Blood of Thy Christ, that Tliou wilt keep it etedfast and immovable unto the end of the world ; and for every Episcopate: rightly dividing tlic word of truth. Further wo call upon Thee for my unworthi- ness, who am now offering ; and for the whole Pres- bytery ; for the Deacons, iind ;ill the Clergy; that Tliou wouldst endue tliem with wisdom, and fill them with tlio Holy (inosT. Further we call upon Thee, Lord, for the King and all that are in authority, for the success of tlie firmy, that they m;iybe kindly disposed towards us; tliat leading our whole life in peace and quietness, we may glorify {'0) Notice wlifxt, is Hfiid licfoifi of Ihis expresHion. 86 LITURGY OF Thee throiigli Jesus Christ our hope. Further we ofi'er to Thee for all the saints, who have pleased Thee from the beginning of the world : the pa- triarchs, prophets, righteous men, apostles, martyrs, confessors, bishops, priests, deacons, sub-deacons, readers, singers, virgins, widows, laymen, and all whose names Thou knowest. We further offer to Thee for this people ; that for the glory of Thy Christ Thou wilt render them a royal priesthood, an holy nation ; for the virgins, and all that live chastely ; for the widows of the Church ; for those that live in honourable marriage, and child-bearing; for the young ones among Thy people ; that Thou wilt not permit any of us to become castaways. Further we pray unto Thee for this city, and the inhabitants thereof ; for the sick ; for those that are in bitter slavery ; for those that are in banishment ; for those that are in prison ; for those that travel by land or by water ; that Thou wilt be to all of them an helper, strengthener, and sup- porter. We further beseech Thee also for those who hate us and persecute us for Thy Name's sake ; for those that are without, and wander in error ; that thou wouldst convert them to that which is good, and appease their wrath against us. Further we pray unto Thee for the catechumens of the Church; for those Avho are under possession, and for those our brethren who are in the state of penance : that Thou wilt perfect the first in Thy faith, deliver the second from the power of the wicked one, accept the repentance of the last, and grant unto them and to us the remission of our sins. Further we offer unto Thee for seasonable weather, and that we may have plenty of the fruits of the earth : that receiving the abundance of Thy good things we may inces- SAINT CLEMENT. 87 flantly praise Thee Who givest food to all flesh. Further we pray uuto Thee for all those who are absent upon a just cause ; that Thou wilt preserve all of us in godliness, and gather us together in the Idngdom of Thy Christ our king, the God of every sensible and intelligent being. And that Thou wilt keep us stedfast, unblameable, and unrcproveable. For to Thee is due all glory, adoration, and thanks- giving, honour, and worship to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, both now and ever, and world without end. And let all tlu- L'l'ojilc say. Amen. And let the Bishop say, The peace of God be with you all. And let all the people say, And with thy spirit. And let the Deacon ayain proclaim. Again and again let us pray to God througli His Christ, in bclialf of tlie gift that is offered to the Lord God ; that the good God will receive it through the mediation of His Christ at His heavenly Altar for a sweet-smelling savour. Let us pray for this Church ami people. Let us pray for every I'ipiscopate, for tlie whole Pnjsbytery, for all the Deacons and Ministers in Christ, for the whole congregation ; that the Lord will preserve and keep them all. Let us pray for kings and all that are in authority, that they may be peaceable towards us ; so tliat enjoying a quiet and peacciiblo life, we may spend our days in all godliness and honesty. Let us commemorate the holy martyrs, that we may be deemed worthy to be purtal[S. of thig Liturgy, to wliicli Goar hu often refers. 106 LITURGY O^ None IS wortliy among tlicm that are bound with fleshly desires and ijleasures to approach Tliee, nor to draw near, nor to sacrifice unto Thee, King ot Glory ; for to minister to Thee is great aiid fearful, {.' veu to the heavenly powers themselves. Yet through Thine inet!'able and measureless love, Thou didst unchangeably and immutably become man, and didst (") take the title of our High Priest, and didst give to us the Hierurgy of this liturgic and un- bloody Sacrifice, as being Lord of all : for Thou only,"0 Lord our God, rulest over things in heaven and things on earth, Who sittest upon the cherubic throne, Lord of Seraphim, and King of Israel, only holy, and resting in the holies. On Thee I impor- tunately call, {'') That art only good and ready to hear, look upon me, a sinner, and Thine unworthy servant, and cleanse my soul and heart from an fvil conscience ; and strengthen, with the might^ of Thy Holy Ghost, me that have been endued with the grace of the Priesthood, that I may stand by this Tliy holy Altar, and sacrifice Thy holy and spotless Body and precious Blood. For Thee I approach bowing my neck, and pray of Thee, Turn not Thy face away from me, nor reject me from the number of Tliy sons ; but condescend that these gifts may be ofl^ered to Thee by me, a sinner and Thine unworthy servant. For Thou art He that offerest,(*®) (M) 'Exprj/tiiTiiraj. King, less correctly, " becamest." But in the new Greek, this verb means to assume a name ; ao Polybius, more than once. pj King, "I call upon Tbee:" Goar, "Te deprecor." But Suaunai is more than this ; it is " to put a man out of counte- nance," and so "to Ije importunate: " and is frequently thus used by Plutarch, though not by more classical authors. (J6j That ojfirest and art offered, and receivest and art dis- tributed. One should have thought that no great dilticulty could be found or made in these words. That oj'erest — ilAINT CHRYSOSTOM. 107 and art offered, and receivest and art distributed, Christ our God ; and to Thee we ascribe, &c. When tJiis prayer is finished, they also say the Cherubic Hymn. Then the Deacon, takinfj the censer, and pnttiny incense on it, goes to the Priest : and after receiving a blessing from him, censes the holy Table in a circle, and all the sanctuary, and the Priest : and he saith the 51st Psalm, and other penitential Troparia, such as he will, with the Priest. And they go to the Prothisis, the Deacon jneceding . And thfi Deacon having censed the holy things, and said to himself, God be merciful to me a sinner, saith to the Priest, Sir, lift up. And the Priest raising the Air, (") puts it on the left shoulder of the Deacon, saying, Lift up your hands in the sanctuary, and bless the Lord. Then, taking the holy disk, he puts it with all care and reverence on the Deacon's head, the Deacon also holding the censer with one of his fingers. And the Priest himself taking the holy chalice in his hands, they go through the nurth part, preceded by tapers, and nifikr " for tliiH Ho did ouco, wLeu lie ofTeri^il up Himself," — and art offi-red, ill the Oblntion of tho MyHtic Sncrifico, — 'Diat receivest tliiit Sacrifice, and art received by tiicin thut present it. How- ever, about the year 1155 a jfreat diHimie arose on tho ques- tion. A Deacon of Constantinople taught that this could not be the nieanin<{of the paHHa;;e, liecaiise tlin Hncrilico was not oflfered to Chuiht, but to tlie FATnr.u and the fIor>Y (Iiiost alone. A Council met at ConHtantiin)|)k', .lanutiry 'Jfilh, 115G, under tlic Patriarch, Luke Chrysobcrges, to decide the (luea- lion : ami Sotorichus Panteugeuus, I'ntriarcii elect of Antioch, who had tauglit the now dogma, was declared unworthy of hia ofBce. P') The fine veil v. Inch lies over the paten and chalice. — L. 108 liturgy of The Great Entrance, ('*) both praying for all, and saying, The Lord God remember us all in His kingdom, always, now and ever, and to ages of ages. And the Deacon, going within the holy doors, stands on the right hand; and when the Priest is about to enter in, he saitli to him. The Lord God remember thy Priesthood in His kingdom. Prient. The Lord God remember thy Diaconate in His kingdom, always, now and ever, and to ages of ages. And the Priest sets down the chalice on the holy Table, and taking the holy disk from the head of the Deacon, he places it tliere also, saying, Honourable Joseph took Thy spotless Body from the cross, and wra])ped it in clean linen with spices, and with funeral rites placed it in a new tomb. In the grave bodily, in Hades spiritually, as God, with the thief in paradise as in a throne, wast Thou, Christ, with the Father and the Holy Ghost, Who art incircumscript and fillest all things. How life-giving, how more beautiful than para- dise, and verily more splendid than any royal chamber, is Thy tomb, Christ, the fountain of our resurrection. (^) It is the custom of those who are sick, or who stand in need of any especial blessing, to kneel in the path of the {■Jreat Entrance, in order to receive the virtue of the Holy Mysteries. The custom of adoring that which is, as yet, mere bread and wine, with anticipative adoration, has idways cost tlie Orientals much trouble to defend it ; and it has been abolished by the Roman Censors in Uniat rites. A treatise on the s'lbjest, by Gabriel of Philadelphia, was pubHshed at Venice in 1C04. SAINT CHRYSOSTOM. 109 Then, taking the coverings from the holy disk and the hohj chalice, he places them on one part of the holy Table ; and taking the Air from the Deacons shoulder, and censing it, he covers with it the holy things, saying, HonoiU'able Joseph, down to in a new tomb. And taking the censer from the Deacon's hands, h» censeth the holy things thrice, saying. Then shall they offer young bullocks upon Thine Altar. And putting down the censer, and letting fall his phetonion, ('^) and bowing his head, he saith to th& Deacon, Eemember me, brother and fellow-minister. Deacon. The Lord God remember thy Priesthood, in His kingdom. Then the Deacon also himself slightly butriiig his head, and holding his Orarion with the three fmyers of his right hand, saith to the Priest, Holy Sir, pray for me. Priest. The Holy Ghost siiall come upon tbee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee. Deacon. The same Spirit sball bo fellow-minister with us, all the days of our Hfe. And again, Holy Sir, remember me. Priest. Tlio Loud God rciucmbcr thee in His kingdom, always, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Deacon. Amen. And having ki.tscd the Priest's hand, he goes nut, and standing in the customary place, saith, («) The Eastern chasuble.— L. 110 THE LITURGY OF Let US accomplish our supplications to the Lord. Choir. Kyrie eleisou. And so to the end of each snj'raye. Deacon. For the precious gifts that have been proposed, let us make our suppUcatious to the Lord. For this lioly house, aud them that with faith, reverence, and the fear of God, enter into it, let. That we may bo delivered from all afflictions, passion, danger, and necessity, let. Assist, preserve. That the whole day may be perfect, holy, peaceful, without sin, let us ask from the Lord. Chair. Grant, Lord. And so at the end of every suffrage. Deacon. The angel of peace, faithful guide, guar- dian of our souls and bodies, let. Pardon and remission of our sins and our trans- gressions, let. Things that are good and profitable for our souls, and peace to the world, let. That we may accomplish the remainder of our lives in peace and penitence, let. Christian ends of our lives, without torment, with- out shame, peaceful, aud a good defence at the fear- ful tribunal, let us ask from Christ. Commemorating the all-holy. As this Ectene (^) is being said, the Priest saith secretly the Prayer of Oblation, after the Divine Gifts are placed on the holy Table. Lord, God Almighty, Only Holy, Who receivest the sacritice of praise from them that call upon Thee with their whole heart, receive also the sup- (*) It is not worth while to notice the verbal differences of this Ectene. In no part of the Liturgy do MSS. and editions «o much ^a^y. But the variations are quite non-essential. BAINT CHRYSOSTOM. Ill plication of us sinners, and cause it to approach to Thy holy Altar, and enable us to present gifts to Thee, and spiritual sacrifices for our sins, and for the errors of the people : and cause us to find grace in Thy sight, that this oiu" sacrifice may be accep- table unto Thee, and that the good Spirit of Thy grace may tabernacle upon us, and upon these gifts presented unto Thee, and upon all Thy people. Priest. {Exchnnntion.) Through the mercies of Thine Only-Begotten Son, with Whom Thou art to be blessed, and with the all-holy, and good, and quickening Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Peace to all. Deacon. Let us love one another, that we may with one mind confess. Choir. Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, the Con- substantial, and Undivided Trinity. And the Priest, hdviiuj tlirici' ddored, kisses the Holy Gifts, as they lie veiled, saying secretly thrire. I will love Thee, Lord, my strength ; the Lord is my stony rock and my defence. 7/ there he tuo or iiiori' Priests, each kisses the Holy Thiiiys, aud then each other on l/ie shotildrr, saying, Christ is among us. He is and will be. //( nice manner also the Dearon adores thrice where he stands, and kisses his Orariun on its cross, and thus exclaims, The doors ! the doors I (") Let us attend in wisdom. {^) The meaning of thiB sentence is very obscure. Some autliors, as CnbiiHilaH, ox]ilain it mysticnlly, as au injnucttion to rIoHo the doorH of thn mind again. -t. worldly busiiii'SH iiud tlinn^jlits; others, much more naturully, take it as au injunc- tion to the Clerks, not to allow heathens, &c., to be iirosent at the Divine Mysteries. 112. THE LiTUBGY OF People. I believe in one God, &c. Deacon. Stand we well: stand we with fear : let us attend to offer the holy Oblation in peace. Choh . The mercy of peace, the sacrifice of praise. And the Deacon adores, and comes to the holy Bema; and taking the fan, fans the Oblation reverenthj. And the Priest taking the Air from the Holy Gifts, lays it on one side, saying. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God the Father, and the fellowship of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Choir, And with thy spirit. Priest. Lift we up our hearts. Choir. We lift them up unto the Lord. Priest. Let us give thanks unto the Lord. Choir. It is meet and right to worship the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, the consubstantial and iindivided Trinity. Priest. It is meet and right to hymn Thee, to bless Thee, to praise Thee, to give thanks to Thee, to worship Thee, in every part of Thy dominion. For Thou art God, ineffable, inconceivable, invisible, incomprehensible, the same from everlasting to ever- lasting ; Thou and Thine Only-Begotten Son, and the Holy Ghost. For Thou broughtest us forth to being from nothing, and when we had fallen didst raise us up again, and gavest not over until Thou badst done every thing that Thou mightcsc bring us to heaven, and bestow on us Thy kingdom to come. For all these things we give thanks to Thee, and to Thine Only-Begotten Son, and Thy Holy Ghost, for Thy benefits which we know, and which we know not, manifest and concealed, which Thou hast bestowed upon us. We give Thee thanks also for this ministry which Thou hast vouchsafed to receive SAINT CHRYSOSTOM. 113 at our hamls : although there stand by Thee tliousauds of Archangels, aud teu thousands of Angels, the Cherubim, and the Seraphim that have six wings, and are full of eyes, and soar aloft on their wings, singing, vociferating, shouting, and saying the triumphal hymn : Choir. Holy, Holy,' Holy, Lord of Sabaoth ; heaven aud earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna in the highest : blessed is He that cometh in the Name of the Lord : Hosanna in the highest. Then the Deacon, takhuj the asterisk from the huly disk, si(i)iH it with tlie sifjn of the cross, and having saluted it, replaces it. Priest, We also with these blessed powers, Lord and Lover of men, cry and say, Holy art Thou and All-Holy, Thou aud Thy Only-J3ogotten Son, and Thine Holy (nrosT. Holy art Thou and All-Holy, aud great is the majesty of Thy glory : Who didst so love Thy world, as to give Thine Only-Begotten Son, that whoso lielievetli in lliiu might not perish, but might have everlasting life : Who having come, and having fulfilJed for us all the dispensation, in the niglit wherein He was betrayed, or rather surrendered Himself for the life of the world, took bread in His lioly and pure and spotless hands, and gave thaidts, and blessed, and hallowed, and brake, and gave to His holy Hisciples and Apostles, saying, [(timid,) Take, eat : this is My Body which is broken for you for the remission of sins. (Jhoir. Amen. Priest, [in a low voice,) Likewise after supper Ho took the cup, saying, (aloud,) Drink ye all of thiw : This is ^[y P.lood of tlie New TcHtamrnt. wliicli is shed for you and for many for the remission of sins. I 114 IHE LITURGY OP Choir. Amen. Priest, (in a Imv vnue,) We therefore remembering this sahitary precept, and all that happened on our behalf, the Cross, the Tomb, the Eesurrection on the third day, the Ascension into heaven, the Session on the right hand, the second and glorious coming again, (aloud,) in (-'") behalf of all, and for all, we offer Thee Thine own of Thine own. Choir. Thee we hymn, Thee we praise : to Thee we give thanks. Lord, and pray to Thee, our God. Priest, (i)i a low voice,) Moreover we offer unto Thee this reasonable and unbloody sacrifice : and beseech Thee and pray and supplicate ; send down Thy Holy Ghost upon us, and on these proposed gifts. The Deacon lays doivn the veil, and goes nearer to the Priest, and they both adore thnce before the holy Table, praying secretly, saying, God be merciful to me a sinner. Then Lord, Who didst send down Thy Holy Ghost the third hour on the Apostles, take Him not from us, good God, but renew Him in us who pray to Thee: Then Make me a clean heart, God, and renew a right spirit within me. Cast me not away from Thy presence. Glory. Blessed art Thou, Christ our God, Who didst fill the fishermen with all manner of wisdom, sending down upon them the Holy Ghost : and by them P) Kori irdvra is better rendered by in relation to all, or in behalf (if nil, tljan by the usual verBion, m all. SAINT CHRYSOSTOM. 115 hast brought the whole world into Thy net, Lover of men : glory be to Thee. Both now. When the Highest came down and confounded the tongues, He divided the nations ; when He distri- buted the tongues of fire. He called all to unity, and with one voice we praise the Holy Ghost. Theyi the Deacon bowing his head, and pointing with his Orarlon to the Holy Bread, saith in a low voice. Sir, bless the holy bread. The Priest standeth iip, and thrice maketh the sign of the Cross on the Holy Gifts, saying. And make this bread the precious Body of Thy Chkist. Deacon. Amen. Sir, bless the holy cup. Priest. And that which is in this cup, the precious Blood of Thy Christ. Deacon. Anion. And pointing wiilt, km Urarion both the Holy Tlihigs, Sir, bless. Priest. Changing them by Tliy Holy Ghost. Deacon. Amen, Amen, Amen. Then the Deacon hows his head to the Priest, and saith, Holy Sir, remember mo a sinner. Then he stands in his fornwr place, and taking the fan, fans the Olilntiini a.s hrfore. Priest. So tliat they may be to those that partici- pate, for purification of soul, forgivoiicss of sins, communion of the Holy Ghost, fnlfilmnnt of the kingdom of lieavcn, boldness towards Thoe, and not to judgment nor to condemnation. I 2 116 LITURGY OF Aud further we offer to Thee this reasonable ser- vice on behalf of those who have departed in the faith, our ancestors, Fathers, Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, Preachers, Evangelists, Martyrs, Con- fessors, Virgins, and every just spirit made i^erfect in the faith. The Deacon censes the holy Table in a circle, and commemorates such of the living and dead as he will. Priest, (aloud.) Especially the most holy, undefiled, excellently laudable, glorious Lady, the Mother of God and Ever- Virgin Mary. Choir. In Thee, full of grace, {as in the lAtnrgij of S. James.) t^-'^'' The Deacon reads the diptychs of the dejyarted. Priest. The holy John the Prophet, Forerunner, and Baptist, the holy, glorious, and all celebrated Apostles, Saint N. {the Saint of the day), whose memory we also celebrate, and all Thy Saints, through whose prayers look down upon us, God. And remember all those that are departed in the hope of the resiuTection to eternal life, and give them rest where the light of Thy countenance shines upon them. Furthermore we beseech Thee, re- member, Lord, every orthodox bishopric of those that rightly divide the word of truth, the presbytery, the diaconate in Christ, and for every hierarchical order. Furthermore we offer to Thee this reason- able service for the whole world : for the Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, and for them that live in chastity and hohness of life. For our most faithful kings, beloved of Christ, all their court and army. Grant to them, Lord, a peaceful reign, that we, in their peace, may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. {Aloud.) Chiefly, SAINT CHRYSOSTOM. 117 Lord, remember our Archbishop N., whom pre- serve to Thy lioly Churches in peace, in safety, in honour, in health, in length of days, and rightly dividing the word of Thy truth. The Deacon, by the holy doors, saith, N. the Patriarch, Metropolitan, or Bishop, {as the case may be.) Then he commemorates the dlptychs of the living. Priest, (secretly.) Remember, Lord, the city in which we dwell, and every city and region, and the faithful that inhabit it. Remember, Lord, them that voyage, and travel, tliat are sick, that are labouring, that are in prison, and their safety. Re- member, Lord, them that bear fruit, and do good deeds in Thy holy Churches, and that remember the poor. And send forth on us all the riches of Thy compassion, (aloinl,) ami grant us with one mouth and one heart to glorify and celebrate Thy glorious and majestic Name, Fathkr, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of ages. And the mercifs of tlio great (Iod and our Saviour Jksus Ciihist shall bo with all of us. The Dracoii takiinj his liinr frniii the Prif'st, and standing in the accustomed place, saith. Commemorating all Saints, again mid again iu peace lot us make our supplications to the Lord. Choir. Lord, have mercy. [And so at the end oj each petition.) Drarnn. For the vcncrablc gifts now offered Ixfore Him and liallowcd. That our merciful God, the Lover of mankind, Who hath received them unto His holy and lieavenly and spiritual Altar, for the savour of a sweet spiritual 118 LITURGY OF scent, may in return send down on us His Divine grace, and the gift of the Holy Ghost. That we may he preserved from all affliction, wrath, &c. The Deacon continues the Ectene down to Christian ends of life. The Priest meanwhile saith secretly, To Thee, Lord and Lover of men, we commend in pledge all our life and our hope, and hescech and pray, and supplicate : make us worthy to partake of Thy heavenly and terrible mysteries of this holy and spiritual Table, with a pure conscience, for the remission of sins, forgiveness of transgressions, participation of the Holy Ghost, inheritance of the kingdom of heaven, boldness of access to Thee : not to judgment nor to condemnation. Deacon. Having prayed for the oneness of the faith, and the participation of the Holy Ghost, let us commend ourselves and each other and all our life to Christ our God. Priest, [aloud.) And make us worthy, Lord, witJi boldness and witliout condemnation to dare to call upon Thee, om* God and Father which art in heaven, and to say, People. Our Father. Priest. For Thine is the kingdom. Priest. Peace to all. Deacon. Let us bow our heads to the Lord. Priest. We render thanks unto Thee, King invisible. Who hast framed all things by Thy measureless power, and in the multitude of Thy mercy hast brouglit all things into being from non- existence. Look down, Lord, from heaven, upon them that have bowed their heads unto Thee, for they bowed them not to flesh and blood, but to SAINT CHRYSOSTOM. 119 Thee, the fearful God. Bestow, therefore, Lord, on all of us au equal benefit from these offerings, according to the need of each : sail with them that sail, journey with them that journey, heal the sick, Thou Who art the Physician of our souls and bodies. (Aloud.) Through the grace, and mercy, and love to men, of Thine Only-Begotten Son, with Whom, together witJi the most Holy, and good, and life- giving Spirit, Thou art bles.sed, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen. Hear us, Lord Jksus Christ our God, out of Thy holy dwelling-place, and from the tin-one of the glory of Thy kingdom, and come and sanctify us, Thou That sittest above with the Father, and art here invisibly present with us : and ])y Thy mighty hand make us worthy to partake of Thy spotless Body and precious Blood, and by us all Thy people. The t'liest and the Dfcictma adore in the place where the;/ stand, sayintf secretly thrice, God be merciful to me a sinner. And irhen the Deacon sees the Priest slrelcltimi forth his hands, and tnnchinrf the hull/ Bread, to make the holy elevation, he exclaims, Let us attend. And the Priest, clcralintf the holy Bread, exclaims. Holy things for holy persons. Choir. One Holy, one Lcnio, Jesus Christ, to the glory of God the Father. And the Clwir siny the Koinonicon: (") e.g. on the festivals of Ajiostlcs. (") ThiB is H HtiolioH, rlcriviii^; itH iiuiiio, .if rfiiirKp, from the Communion which it procedoH ; iiinl in ofiniviiloiit, though not exactly answering in place, to the Mozarabic Communion. 120 LITURGY OF Their sound is goue out into all lands : and theii words into the ends of the world. The Deacon then girds his Orarion crosswise, and goes into the holy Bema, and standing on the right hand, [the Priest grasping the holy Bread,) saith, Sir, break the holy Bread., And the Priest, dividing It into four parts with car and reverence, saith, The Lamb of God is broken and distributed ; He That is broken and not divided in sunder ; ever eaten and never consumed, but sanctifying the com- ini;nicants. And the Deacon, pointing with his Orarion to the holy Cup, saith, Sir, fill the holy Cup. And the Priest taking the upper portion, (that is, the IHC,) makes with It a Cross above the holy Cup, saying. The fulness of the cup, of faitli, of the Holy Ghost: and thus jnds It into tJie holy Cup. Deacon. Amen. And taking the warm water, he saith to the Priest, Sir, bless the warm water. (^^) And the Priest blesseth, saying, («) This very strange rite, the pouring warm water into the chalice after consecration, occasioned the greatest astonish- ment among the Latins at the Council of Florence. DorotlieuB, Bisliop of Mitylene, is said to have given the Pope ample Batisfaction bv his explanation, wliich, however, is unfortu- nately lost. But S. Germanus tells us : "As Blood and warm Water flowed both of them from the side of Chkist, thus hot water, poured into the chalice at the time of consecration, gives a full type of tlio mystery to those who draw that holy liquid from tht> chalice, as from the life-giving side of our "Lord." 8AINT CHRYSOSTOM. 121 Blessed is the fervour of Thy Saints, always, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen. And the Deacon pours forth a sulficieucij into the holy Cup, in the form of a Cross, Sftying, The fervour of faith, full of the Holy Ghost. Amen. (TJuice.) Then, setting down the warm water, he stands a little uayoff. Anil the Priest, taking a particle of the holy Bread, saith, (**) The l)lessed and most holy Bo'^ly of our Lord and God and Saviour Jesus Chkibt is communi- cated to me, N., Priest, for the reniiboiun of my sins, and for everlasting life. I believe, Loun, and confess. Of Thy Mystic Supper to-day. Let not, Lord, tlie communion of Thy holy mysteries be to my judgment or condemnation, but to the healing of my soul and body. And thus he jxirtdlces of that which is in his hands with fear and all caution. Then he saith, Deacon, approach. And the Deacon apprnnches, and reverently makes an olieisnnce, askitiy foryivcness. And the Priest, tiikiny the holy lirrtid, gives it to the Deacon; and the Deacon, Idssing the hand that gives it, saith, Sir, make me partaker of the precious and lioly Body of our Loud and God and Saviour .Jksub Christ. Priest. N. the lioly Deacon is made partaker of p) Tbo MSS. find j)rintc(l PflitioiiH vary pxccHHively in the whole Coiniiniiiioii Imtli of tht th» /Vntidorou. 126 LITURGY OF S. CHRYSOSTOM. bema, and puts off his priestly vestments, saying, Nunc dimittis, the Trisagiou, and the other things. Then- he saith the dismissory prayer of S. Chrysostom. The grace of Thy lips, shiniug forth like a torch, illuminated the world, euriched the universe with the treasures of liberality, and manifested to us the height of humility : but do thou, our instructor by thy words, Father John Chrysostom, intercede to the Word, Christ our God, that our souls may be saved. Lord, have mercy, (twelve times.) Glory. Both now. Thee, the more honourable than the Cherubim. And he makes the dismission: and having adored, and given thanks to God for ail things, {^) he departs. (*) This expression is taken from the favourite exclamation of S. John Chrysostom — the last vvorda which he spoke — " Glory be to God for all thinga." THE DIVINE LITUEGY OF OCR FATHER AMONG THE SAIXTa, 'Ba0il tl)e d^reat* Prayer for the Catechumens before the Holy Oblation, which the Priest utters nccretly. O Lord our God, Who dwellest iu the highest, and lookest upon all Thy works ; look upon Thy servants the Catechumens, who have howed down their necks before Thee, and grant them the easy yoke : make them worthy members of Thy holy Church, and fit them for the laver of regeneration, llie forgiveness of sins, and the garment of incorruption, unto the knowledge of Thee, our Very God. Exclamation. That they with us may glorify, etc., a.s in Litwyy of S. ChryHostom. First Prayrr (f the P'airhful after thr Corporal is Pin- folded, uhirh the Priest utters secretly. Thou, O Lord, hast disclosed to us the great mystery of salvatifin ; Thou hast counted us, Thy humble and unworthy servants, worthy to be minis- ters of Thy holy Altar, do Thou make us, Ijy the power of the Hoi.y Ghost, tit for this oflice, that standing uucondcmned before Thy holy glorj', we may present unto Thee tlie sacritice of praise. For Thou art He that workest all things in all men ; gi'aut, Lord, that our sacrifice may be acceptable 128 LITURGY OF and well-plcasinfT in Thy sight, for our o^vn sins, aud for the iguorauces of Thy people. When the Priest has said the prayer, the Deacon re- cites the petition for Peace, if appointed, outside the holy Bema. Again and again. Assist, preserve. Making mention of the all-holy, immaculate. Deacon. — Wisdom. The Priest (aloud). — For thee befits all glory, honour, and adoration, the Fathke, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to all ages of ages. Amen. Second Prayer of the Faithful, which the Priest uttert secretly. God, "Who lookest in pity and compassion on our lowUness, Who hast set us, Thy lowly and sinful and unworthy servants, before Thy holy glory, to minister at Thy holy Altar, do Thou strengthen us by the might of Thy Holy Spirit for this ofiice, and give us a word in the opening of our mouth, to invoke the grace of Thy Holy Spirit upon the gifts about to be set before Thee. Prayer of the Offertory, after the deposition of the divi7te Gifts upon the Holy Table, which the Priest utters secretly. Lord our God, Who hast created us, and brought us into this life, Who hast shewn us ways unto salvation. Who hast graciously bestowed on us the revelation of heavenly mysteries ; Thou art He Who hath appointed us unto this ofiice, in the power of Thy Holy Spirit. Vouchsafe then, Lord, that we may be ministers of Thy New Testament, cele- brants of Thy holy Mysteries: receive us, according to the multitude of Thy mercy, drawing near to Tliy holy Altar, that we may be worthy to offer Thee- BASIL THE GREAT. 129 this reasonable and unbloody sacrifice, for our own sins, and for the ignorances of the people : receiving which at Thy holy and spiritual altar, for a sweet- smelling savour, send down on us in retui'n the grace of Thy Holy Spirit. Eegard us, God, and look upon this our service, and accept it, as Thou didst accept the gifts of Abel, the sacrifices of Noah, the whole burnt-oil'erings of Abiahiim, the priestly ministrations of Moses and Aaron, the peace-offer- ings of Samuel, as Thou didst accept this true ser- vice from Thy holy Apostles, so accept these Gifts in Thy goodness, Lord, from the hands of us sinners, that, counted worthy to minister blame- lessly at Tliy holy Altar, we may find tbo vowavd of fiiithful and wise stewards, iu the di'cadful day of TJiy just retribution. The Priest aloud. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God the Father, and the fellowship of the Holy Ghost, be witli you all. Choir , And with tliy spirit. Priest. Let us lift up our hearts. Chair. We lift them up unto the Lord. Priest. Let us give tlianks unto the Lord. Choir. It is meet and right to worsbip tlie Pathkr, Son. and Holy Ghost, consubstantial and undivided Trinity. The Priest, bend in r/ doivn, prni/s sccrrlh/. Jehovah, Master, Lord, God, Father Almkjhty, adored : it is truly meet, and riglit, and belittnig tbo majesty of Thy holiness, to praise Thee, iiynm Thee, bless Thee, worship Tbce, give lluuiks to Theo, glorify Tbee, the one only God, and to olTer 'Uheo this our reasonable service iu a contrite heart K l;50 LITURGY OP and a spirit of lowliness : for Thou art He Who hath vouchsafed unto us the knowledge of Thy truth. And who is sufficient to express Thy noble acts, or make all Thy praises to be heard, or to tell of all Thy wondrous works at every time ? Master of all things, Lord of heaven and earth, and of every creature visible and invisible, Who sittest upon the throne of glory, and beholdest the abysses, unbegin- ning, invisible, incomprehensible, uncircumscript, unchangeable Father of our Lord Jesus Christ the great God and Saviour of our hope. Who is the image of Thy goodness, seal of equal type, manifesting in Himself Thee the Father, Living Word, Very Goobeforethe worlds, .Wisdom, Life, Sanctification, Power, Very Light, by Whom the Holy Ghost was disclosed, the Spirit of truth, the grace of adoption, the earnest of future inheritance, the first-fruits of eternal blessings, the quickening might, the fount of sanctification, by Whom every reasonable and spiritual creature empowered serveth Thee and sends up to Thee the everlasting doxology, for all things are Thy servants. For the angels, arch- angels, thrones, principalities, powers, dominations, virtues, and many-eyed cherubim praise Thee, and the seraphim stand around Thee, the one having six wings, and the other having six wings, and with two cover their faces and with two their feet, with two they do fly, and shout one to the other with un- ceasing mouths, with unsilenced doxologies, The Priest, aloud. Singing, crying, shouting, and saying the triumphal byniu : Choi). Holy, holy, holy, Lord God of Hosts, Heaven and earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna BASIL THE GREAT. 131 in the highest. Blessed is He that cometh in the Name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest. Then the Deacon does the same as is set down in the Liturgy of Chrysostom, and the Priest prays secretly : With the blessed Powers, loving Master, we sinners also ciy and say. Holy art Thou, of a truth, and All-holy, and there is no measure for the majesty of Thy holiness, and Thou art sacred in all Thy works, Ijccause in righteousness of true judg- ment Thou hast done all things unto us ; for having formed man, taking clay from the earth, and. honouring him, O God, witli Thine own image, Thou didst place him in the Paradise of pleasure, promising him immortality of life and enjoyment of eternal blessings in the keeping of Thy command- ments, but when he disobeyed Thee the Very God. his Creator, and was led away by the guile of thf^ serpent, and died in his own transgressions. Thou didst drive him forth in Tby riglitoous judgment, O God, from Paradise into tliis world, and madest him return to the eartli whence he was taken, pro- viding for him the salvation which is of regenera- tion, whicli is in Him Thine Anointed. For Thou didst not turn away utterly from Thy creature which Thou madfst, Good One, nor didst forget the work of Thy liands, l)ut didst visit it in many ways throiigli tlie bowels of Thy mercy. Thou didst send out proi)hcts ; Thou wroiiglitest mighty things througli Thy Saints who [)leiised Thee in each generation. Thou spakest unto us by the month of Thy servants the Prophets, foretelling us the future salvation ; Thou gavcst the Law for an help ; Thou appointedst Angels as guardians. And when the fulness of the times was come, Thou .spakest unto us in Thy Son Himself, by Whom Thou madest k2 132 LITURGY OW the worlds. "Who being the brightness of Thy glory, and the express image of Thy Person, and upholding all things by the word of His power, thought it not robbery to be equal to Thee, His God and Father, but being God before the worlds, was seen upon earth, and mingled with men, and incarnate of a holy Virgin, emptied Himself, talking the form of a servant, made like to the body of our humility, that He might make us like unto the image of His glory. For whereas sin entered into the world by man, and death by sin. Thine Only-Begotten Son, Who is in the bosom of Thee, God and Father, born of a woman, the holy Mother of God and ever- Virgin Mary, born under the Law, was pleased to condemn sin in His Flesh ; that they who died in Adam might be made alive in Him Thy Christ, and dwelling as a citizen in this world, giving us statutes of salvation, and withdrawing us from the error of idolatry. He brought us unto the knowledge of Thee, Very God and Father, having acquired us for Him- self a peculiar people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, and having cleansed us in water, and hal- lowed us with the Holy Ghost, He gave Himself a ransom unto death, wherein we were held, sold under sin, and passing by the Cross into Hades, that He might fill all things with Himself, He loosed the pains of death, and arising the third day, and having made with His flesh a way for the resurrection of the dead, because it was not possible that the Prince of Life should be overcome of corruption, He became the first-fruits of them that slept, the first-born from the dead, that He might have the pre-emi- nence in all thiiigs over all men, and ascending to the Heavens, he sat down on the right hand of Thy Majesty in the liighest. And He shall come again to reward every man according to his works, and BASIL THE GREAT. 133 He hath left us as a memorial of His saving Passion these things, which we have presented according to His commandments ; for when He was about to go to His vohmtary, and famous, and quickening death, in the niglit wiien He gave up Himself for the life of the world, taking bread into His holy and spotless liands, having shewn it to Thee, His God and Father, having given thanks, blessed, hallowed, broken it, The Priest, lifting the holy Paten uith his right hand, shews it, saying aloud. He gave it to His holy Disciples and Apostles, saying : Take, eat : this is My Body which is broken for you, for the remission of sins. The Choir chfini.s. Amen. 'J'heu llie Priest and the Deacon do exactly as in the Litnrgy uj Ohrysostom. The Priest, secretly. Likewise takiir^' the Clialice of the fruit of the vine, having mingled, given thanks, blessed, hallowed it. And lifting the holy Chalice in like manner reverently with his riijld hand, he shews it, saying aloud, Jlegave it to His holy Disciples and Apostles, saying, Drink ye all of it, for this is My Jilood of the Now Testament, which is shed for you and for many, for the remission of bins. The Choir chants. Amen. The Priest, bowing his head, prays secretly : Do this in remembrance of Me. For as often as ye sliall cat this J>niid, and drink this Cu}), ye d. clare My Death, and confess My Resurrection. Therefore, we also, O Master, remembering thisi 184 LITURGY OP saving Passion, the quickening Cross, the three clays' Burial, the Eesurrection from the dead, the Ascen- sion to the heavens, the Session on Thy Right Hand, God and Father, and His glorious and ter- rible second Coming, The Priest, alovd. Offer Thee Thine own of Thine own, according to all, and through all. (^) The Choir chants. We hymn Thee, we bless Thee, we give thanks to Thee, Lord, and beseech Thee, our God. The Priest bottinr; his head, prays secretly. Therefore, All-holy Master, we also. Thy sinful and unworthy servants, who have been counted worthy to minister at Thy holy Altar, not through our own righteousness, (for we have done no good thing upon the earth) but through Thy mercies and compassions, which Thou hast richly poured upon us, have courage to draw near to Thy holy Altar, and presenting the antitypes of the holy Body and Blood of Thy CiipasT, we beseech Thee, and invoke Thee, Holy of Holies, through the good-will of Thy (1) Kara iravra, Kol 5. S. .Jolni Damascene and Mark of Ephesus both agree that the phrase is used only before consecration, just as Westerns similarly use the v.ord elementg, but not afterwards. But this is hardly borne out by BASIL THE GREAT. 185 bounty, that Thy Holy Ghost may come upon us, and on these (xifts lying hefore Thee, and bless, and hallow, and shew. (^) The Deacon lays aside the fan ivhich he was holding, or the veil, and comes nearer to the Priest, and both adore thrice before the holy Table, praying moreover to themselves. God be merciful to mo a sinner. They say it secretly thrice. Then, Lord, Who at the tliird hour didst send down TJiine All-holy Spikit on the Apostles, take Him not, good (Jue, away from us. Versicle. Make nic a clean heart, God, and renew a li'.dit spirit within me. Glory, &c. the language of the Fathers generally, as for example, Ter- tiillian and S. Augustine, who use tlio terra Jigura of the con- secrated Bpecies. The true explaniition seems to be that tlie visible Body and Blood of CiriusT is culled the tuttoj, or Heal, bearing the Imago of God, and the consecrated spc(^i('s the dcTiTi/TToi/, impressed by the jjower of that seal, brought ii])on tlicni by the Holy Ojiost, and yet not locally nor numerically commensurate (as S. Thomas Aijiiinas points out) with Ciiiust's visible human form, though mystically identical with it.— L. (") ovootijai. The Latin copies add hero directly, " this Breiul to be the precious Body of our Loiu> and (ion and Savioijb Jesus Chkist, and that which is in this (Jindice the very Blood of our Loan Goi> and Haviouk Jksijs Cniiisr, which was shed for the life of the world." And as Marii of Kphesus actually cites these words in Greek as found in 8. Basil, it seems that they have either dropped out \wrv. tlirough the carelessness of cojiyiHts, or, as is more i)robable, that the passages which precede thom are later interpolations. The verb ava^tiKvi'iia does not merely mean tn nhmr, but to mitkc or cruixtitiiir siiraetbing, f-'iving it a cbuiacter which it had not before, and is so used more than once by the LXX. — L. 186 jlIturgy op Blessed art Thou, Cheist our God, &c., {as in S. Chri/sotitom, p. 90.) Now and ever, dc. When the Highest, descending, &c. Then the Deacon, lowing his head, points to tlie holy Bread with his stole, and says secretly, Sir, hless the holy Bread. And the Priest, standini/ up, sif/ns the holy Gifts^ sayincj secretly, This bread to be the precious Body Itself of our LoED, and God, and Saviour Jesus Christ. Dcdcoit. Amen. And then again. Sir, bless the holy Chalice. And the Priest, blessing, says, And this Chalice, the Precious Blood Itself of our Lord, and God, and Saviour Jesus Christ. Deacon. Amen. Priest. Which was shed for the life of the world. Deacon. Amen. And again, pointing with his stole to both the Holy Things, he says, Sir, bless both. And the Priest, lAessing loth the Holy Things with his hand, >^ays. Changing them by Thy PIoly Spirit. Deacon. Amen, Amen, Amen. And the Deacon, bowing his head to the Priest, and saying, Remember, Holy Master, me a sinner, shifts to his former position, taking up the fan again, as before. Priest. That Thou wouldest unite all of us, who are partakers of the One Broad, and of the Chalice, to one another unto the fellowship of one Holy BASIL THE GEE AT. 137 Spirit, and not cause any of us to partake of the holj' Body and Blood of Thy Christ unto judgment or condemnation, but tliat we may find mercy and grace with all Thy Saints, who have pk-ased Thee from [the beginning of] the world, Forefathers, Fathers, Patriarchs, Prophets, Apostles, Heralds, Evange- lists, Martyrs, Confessors, Teachers, and every just spirit, perfected in faith. (Aloiul.) Especially of our all-holy, immaculate, supereminently blessed, glori- ous Lady, the Mother of God, and evci:- Virgin Mai*y. IVie Choir chants. The whole creation [as in Liturgy of S. James, p. 54.] Bat if it he Maundy Thursday, they chant, to the second oblique tone, (*) Son of Cod, receive me to-day as a guest at Thy mystic Supper, f(jr I will not disclose Thy mystery to Thy foes. I will not give Thee a kiss, like Judas, but like the thief. I confess to Tliee. Eemembcr mc, Lord, in Thy Kingdom. ]f it be Holy Saturday, they sing the troparion to the firnt obli/jue tone. (") Let all mortal flesh be silent, &c., [as in Liturgy oj S. JaincH, p. tJB.) The Deacon censes thr I Inly Tulilc round about, and commemorates the Dijitychs of both the living and the Hleeping, uhonisoever he will. The Prii'st prays secretly. [Commrwornting] Saint John, FoicruiJiier and I'.aptist, the holy and all- celebrated Apostles, Saint N. whoso memorial we obaervT, and all Tliy Saints, through whose inter- cession look upon us, God. And remember all i*) The Fourth Gregorian Toc9 of the Western Church. • Second Gregorian Tone. 138 LITURGY Oi" who have fallen asleep in the hope of resurrection unto life eternal. Then the Priest comviemorates whom he will, living and dead. And for the livi)ir/ he saith, For salvation, visitation, remission of sins of the servant of God, N. And for the dead, he saith, For repose, and remission of the soul of Thy servant N. in a place of light, where sorrow and sighing are put away. Give him rest, our God. Then this prayer, secretly. And give them rest, where the light of Thy countenance looketh upon them. Further we be- seech Thee, Lord, remember Thy holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, from one end of the world unto the other, and give peace unto it, which Thou hast purchased with the precious Blood of Thy Christ, and strengthen this holy House until the consummation of the world. Remember, Lord, them who have offered their holy gifts unto Thee, and them for whom, and through whom, or for what ends they have offered them. Eemember, O Lord, them Avho bring forth fruit, and do good works in Thy lioly Churches, and who remember the poor. Recompense them with Thy rich and heavenly graces. Vouchsafe them things heavenly for things earthly, eternal for temporal, incorruptible for corruptible things. Eemember, Lord, those in deserts, and mountains, and dens, and caves of the earth. Eemember, Lord, tliem who live in vir- ginity, and piety, and discipline, and holy conver- sation. Remember, Lord, our most i>ious and faithful Sovereigns, whom Thou hast given tlie right to reign over the earth. Crown them with the •o^ BASIL THE GREAT. 131) shield of truth, the shield of good will, (") over- shadow their head in the day of battle, strengthen their arm ; uplift their right hand, sta])lish their kingdom ; put all barbarous nations, which desire war, under them, vouchsafe them profound and inviolate peace ; speak good things xmto their heart for Thy Church and all Thy people, that we may spend during their calm time, a quiet and tranquil life in all piety and holiness. Remember, Lord, every magistracy and authority, and our l)rethre)i in the palace, and all the army. Preserve the good in Thy goodness, and make the evil good in Thy bounty, lieniember, Lord, the people which stand around, and those who are absent for reasonable causes, and have mercy on them and us, according to the multitude of Thy mercy. Fill their stores with every good thing, keep their unions in peace and concord, rear up the infants, guide; the youth, strengtlien the old, comfort the timid, collect the scattered, bring l)ack the erring, and unite thcin to Thy holy Catbolic and Apostolic Church. Free those troubled by unclean spirits ; sail together with them that sail; journey with travellers, stand Ijeforo tlie widows, shield the ori)b:ins, doiiver tlie captives, heal the sick, llemember, O (Jon, tbem that are in trials, and Ininishments, and all tribulation, and ne- cessity, and distress, and all tlieiii tliat need Thy great loving-kmihiess, and tliein wiiicJi love us, and which hate us, and those who have enjoined us, unwortby as we are, to pray for them. And, O Loiti) our Goj), remember nil Thy people, and ])our out on all men Thy rich mercy, granting tf) all their petitions unto salvation. And them whom we, through ignorance, or forgetfulness, or the number oi' (6) pBalni V. 13. LXX. lui 1 Vulgate. 140 LITURGY OF names, have not remembered, do Thou, God, remem- ber them, Who knowest tlie age and the name of each cue, Who knowest each from his mother's Avomb. For Thou, God, art the Help of the helpless, the Hope of the hopeless, the Saviour of the tempest- tost, the Harbour of mariners, the Physician of the sick. Be Tliou Thyself all things to all men, Who knowest each, and his petition, his dwelling, and his need. Deliver, Lord, this city, and every city and country, from famine, pestilence, earthquake, inundation, fire, sword, incursion of foreigners, and from civil war. (Aloud.) In the first place, remember, Lord, our Archbishop N., whom vouch- safe to Thy holy Cliurclies in peace, safe, honoured, hoalthful, long-hved, and rightly dividing the word of truth. And the Deacon, stand'mrf hy the door, saith, For the most sacred Metropolitan, or Bishop, N., and for him who presents these holy gifts, etc., as far as And of all Thy servants and handmaids. Thr Choir chants. And of all Thy servants and handmaids. Priest, {secretly.) Eemember, Lord, every see of tlie orthodox, who rightly divide the word of Thy truth. Remember, Lord, according to the mul- titude of Tliy compassions and of my unworthiness ; forgive me every offence voluntary and involuntary, and withdraw not the grace of Thy Holy Spirit from the Gifts lying before Thee, because of my sins. Eemember, Lord, the Presbytery, the Diaconate in Christ, and every priestly oi-der, and make none of us ashamed who compass Thy holy Altar. Visit us in Thy Ijountj, Lord, be mani- fest unto us in Thy rich compassions, vouchsafe Ub temperate ar?.d wbolesome weather, bestow BASIL THE GBKAT. 141 showers on the earth for the produce of fruit, bless the crown of the year of Thy goodness, quiet the schisms of the Churches, quench the boastings of the nations, quickly destroy the uprisings of heresies, by the power of Thy Holy Spirit ; receiving us all into Thy kingdom, making us children of light, and children of the day. Vouchsafe us Thy peace and Thy love, Lord our God, for Thou hast given us all things. (Aloud.) And grant us with one mouth and one heart to glorify and praise Thine all-honoured and majestic Name, of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,^ now and ever, and to ages of ages. The Priest turns to the door, and blessing, saith aloud, And the mercies of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ, shall be with us all. And the Deacon {if he he presini, nihcrwise, the Priest) goes forth, dud standimj In the usual place, saith. Making mention of all the Saints. Again and again in peace, let us beseech the Lord. Choir. Lord, have mercy. And so on, as in the lAturgy of Chrijsostom. For the precious Gifts offered and hallowed. Tliat our loving God. That we may be delivered. Priest, (siririli/.) our GoD, GoD of salvation^ teach us Thyself to give Thee wortliy thanks for Tliy benefits, which Thou hast done, and still doest amongst us. Do Thou, our God, Who accci»tcst these Gifts, purify us from every pollution of tlesh and spirit, and teach us to maintain perfect holinesa 142 LITURGY OP in 'I'liy fear, that receiving in the pure witness of out conscience the portion of Thy hallowed things, we may be united to the holy Body and Blood of Thy Christ, and receiving them worthily, w6 may have Christ dwelling in our hearts, and become the temple of Thy Holy Spirit. Yea, our God, and make none of us guilty of these awful and heavenly mysteries, nor weak in soul and body from partak- ing of them unworthily ; but grant us unto our last breath worthily to receive the portion of Thy hallowed things, as the viaticum of life everlasting, as an acceptable plea at the terrible Judgment- seat of Thy Christ, that we also, with all Thy Saints, who have pleased Thee from [the beginning of] the world, may become partakers of Thine ever- lasting good things, which Thou hast prepared, Lord, for them that love Thee. Deacon. Assist, save, have mercy, &c. That we may pass all this day. The angel of peace, a faithful guide. Pardon and remission. What are good and profitable to our souls. That we may pass the remainder of our time. That the ends of our life may be Christian. Asking for the unity of the Faith, and the fel- lowship of the Holy Spirit, let us present ourselves and one another, and all our life to Christ our Lord. Priest, (aloud.) And count us worthy, Master, boldly to venture, uncondemned, to call on Theo our heavenly God and Father, and to say. People. Our Father, &c. Priest. For Thine is the Kingdom, &c. Then. Peace to all. BASIL THE GREAT. 143 Veacon. Let us bow down our heads unto tbe Lord. Briest. Master, Lord, Father of compassions, and God of all consolation, bless, hallow, strengthen, •stablish them who have bowed down their heads unto Thee, withdi-aw them from every evil deed, unite them to every good deed, and make them worthy to partake uncondemned of these Thy spot- less and quickening mysteries, for the remission of sins, for the fellowship of the Holy Ghost. {Aloud.) Through the grace, and comiiassion, and loving-khidncss of Thine Only- Begotten Sox\, with Whom Thou art blessed, together with Thine all- holy, and good, and quickening Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen. Prirst. Advance, Lord Jesus Christ, our God, from Thy holy dwelling-phice, and from the throne of the glory of Thy kingdom, and come to hallow us, Who Kittest on liigh with tlio Father, and art here iuvisildy present with us, and deign with Thy mighty Hand to give us a share in Thy spotless Body and Precious Blood, and by us to all the people. {Aloud.) Deacon. Let us attend. Priest. Holy things for holy persons. When the Communion is ended, and lite hulij Mysteries have been taken from the sacred Table, tlie I'riest praijs. We give thanks to Thee, O Lord our God, for the reception of Tliy lioly, spotless, immortal, and heavenly myi-teries, which Thou liast given ns lor the benefit and sanctitication and healing of our souls and Ijodics. Thyself. O Master of sill things, grant that tbe Coiinnuiiion of the holy Body and Blood of Thy Christ may be to us unto faitb that maketh not ashamed, unto love unfeigned 144 LITURGY OF unto fulness of wisdom, itnto healing of sold and body, unto defeat of every foe, unto fulfilment of Tliy commandments, unto an acceptable plea at the terrible judgment-seat of Thy Christ. Deacon. Eiglitly partaking of the divine, holy, spotless, immortal, heavenly, and quickening mys- teries. Assist, preserve, have mercy, &c. Priest, [aloud.) For Thou art our sanctification, and unto Thee we ascribe the glory, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen. Priest. Let us go forth in peace. Deacon. Let us beseech the Lord Prayer behivd the Ambon, pronounced by the Priest. Lord, Who blessest them that bless Thee, and hallowest them that trust in Thee, save Thy ]icople and bless Thine inheritance ; guard the fulness of Thy Church, hallow them that love the beauty of Thine house ; give them a glorious reward through Thy divine power, and leave us not, who hope in Thee. Grant peace unto Thy world, to Thy Churches, to the Priests, to our sovereigns, to the army, and to all Thy people, because eveiy good gift, and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from Thee, the Father of lights ; and to Thee we ascribe the glory, and thanksgiving, and adoration, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Prayer while the Holy Things are put away. The Mystery of Thy dispensation, Christ our God, is accomplished and perfected, so far as lies in our power. For we have the memorial of Thy death, we have seen the figure of Thy resurrec- BASIL THE GREAT. 145 tion, we have beeu filled with Thine unending life. We have enjoyed Thine inexhaustibh pleasure,, of which vouchsafe to count us all worthy in the world to come. Through the grace of Thine unbegin- ing Father, and Thy holy, and good, and quicken- ing Spirit, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Ameu. 'W^ THE LITUKG^ OP iaalabar< The Priest advances with the Deacon to the Altar, Priest. Glory to God in the highest. Deacon. Amen. Priest. Glory to God in the highest. Deacon. Amen. Priest and Deacon. And on earth peace, and a good hope to men. Our Father, Which art in heaven, hallowed he Thy Name : Holy, Holy, Holy : Our Father, Which art in heaven, heaven and earth are full of the majesty of Thy glory, and Angels and men exclaim to Thee, Holy, Holy, Holy. Our Father, Which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy Name : Thy kingdom come : Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven : Give us this day the bread of our necessity : And forgive us our sins, as we also forgive our debtors : And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil : for Thine is the kingdom, and the power and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen. Priest. Strengthen, Lord God, our infirmity by Thy mercy, that we may minister in Thy holy Sacraments, given for the salvation and renewal of our nature, through the love of Thy most dearly beloved Son, Lord of all things, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Deacon. Amen. LITURGY OF MALABAR. 147 Priest. Adored and glorified, honoured and exalted, landed and blessed in heaven and in earth, be the glorious Name of Thy most resjilendent Teinity, at all times, Lord of all things, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Deacon. Amen. The Priest and Deacon say alternately Psalms 15. 150, and 117. Priest. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, from ages to ages. Amen and Amen. Deacon. Set me, Lord, with pure thoughts be- fore Thy altar. Priest. LoKi), wlio shall dwell in Tliy tabernacle, and who shall rest upon Thy holy hill '? How glorious and lovely is Thy sanctuary, God, the Sanctifier of all things. Deacon. Peace be with us. Priest. Before the exceeding glorious throne of Thy Majesty, my Lord, and the lofty and supreme seat of Tliy doiniiiiition, and the Altar of expiation, which Tiiy will liatli fixed in the place of the liabi- tation of Tliy glory, we Thy people, and tlie sheep of Thy pasture, with the thousands of Serai)him that praise Thee, and the ten thousands of Angels and Arcliangels tliat minister to Thee, bend our knees before Thee, and ever adore and glorify Fatmkr, Son, and Holy Ghost, to ages of jiges. To the Niiiue of Tliy ever-glorious Trinity, great, formidable, lioly, laudable and incomprehensible ; also to Tby mercy which Tlioii hast manifested to- wards our nice, we are bound to return contiuuiiL thanks, and to attriltute laud and adoration ; Lord of all things, Father, Son, and Holy Ghobt H. Amen. Priest. Thee, the Lord of all tbings, we ju-aise : L 2 148 LITDKGY OP Thee, Jesus Christ, we glorify; becanse Thou art the raiser up of our bodies, and +he most holy; Saviour of our souls ; I liave washed my bauds in innocency, Lord, and have compassed Thine altar. Deacon. Thee, the Lord of all things. [As the Priest, who thni repeats it (ujaiv.) Deacon. Peace be Avith us all. Priest. Thou art truly my Lord, and the raiser up of our bodies, and the good Saviour of our souls, and the constant Keeper of our life : and it is meet that we should laud and glorify Thee at all times, Father, Sox, and Holy Ghost. Deacon. Amen. Priest. Lord, our God, when the most sweet odour of Thy goodness and love shall breathe upon us, and when our souls shall have been enlightened with the splendour of Thy truth, then we shall meet Thy most beloved Son Who shall be revealed from heaven, and in Thy Cliurch, already honoured with the crown, shall praise Thee incessantly, for Thou art the Lord and Creator of all things, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. Deacon. Amen. Bring your voices, and praise, all ye people, the Living God. Priest. Holy God, Holy and Mighty, Holy and Immortal, have mercy upon us. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. Deacon. Holy God, Holy and Mighty, Holy and Immortal, have mercy upon us. Priest. From everlasting to everlasting. Amen and Amen. Deacon. Holy God, &c. Priest, tumimi to the people. Let us all stand in order, and with joy and gladness let us seek and Bay, MALABAR. 149 People. our Lord, have mercy upon us. {And so at the end of every petition. (■) Deacon. Father of mercies and God of all Con- Bolation, we beseech Thee. Our Saviour, the Dispenser of our salvation, and the Captain of all things, we, &c. For the peace and unity and well-being of the whole world, and of all Churches : For the healthfulness of the air, the richness of year and its provisions, and the beauty of the whole world : For our holy Fathers, our Patriarch, the universal Pastor of the whole Catholic Church ; and our Bishop, that tJiey may enjoy good Jieullh : The merciful God Who governeth all things by His love : Him That is ricli in mercy and Whose loving- kindness is shed abroad : Him That is good in His Essence, and the Giver of all gifts : Him that is glorious in heaven, and exceeding laufhible upon earth : The Inniiortal Nature That iiihiibits that most gioricjiis liglit, we beseech : Save us all, Ciirist, our Loud and (i(ii>, by Thy grace, and multiply in us peace and love, and have mercy upon us. Let UH pniy and beseech the Lord, the God of all, that He may hear the voice of our prayers, and listen to our supplications, and have mercy upon us. Let us pray also for tlic holy Catholic Church, which is spread over the whole orb of the worM, (') TliiH miinifeHtly aiiswfrs to tlu' first Ectene in the pre- ccdiug Liturgies, although the form diilerH cousiderably. 150 LITURGY OF that the peace which is from God may remain in it till the consummation of all things : Let us pray also for the holy Fathers, our Bishops, that without' blemish and complaint they may remain all the days of their life in the government of their Churches : but chiefly we arc bound to pray for the safety of the Lord Patriarch, the Pastor of the whole Church, and the Lord Bishop of this Me- tropolis : let us pray that the Loud may keep them and preserve them at the head of their flocks, that they may feed and govern and prepare for the Lord a perfect people, zealous of all good works. Let us iH-ay also for the Presbyters and Deacons who are occupied in the ministry of the truth ; that with a good heart and a pure conscience they may accomplish their ministry before God. Let us pray also for every holy and sober congre- gation of the sons of the holy Catholic Church, that they may accomplish the most excellent course of sanctity, and may receive the hope and promise of the Lord in the land of the Living. Let us commemorate the most blessed^ Viigin Mary, the Mother (^) of Christ and our Saviour. Let us pray that the Holy Ghost, Who dwelt in her, may sanctify us by His grace, and accomplish His will in us, and sign His truth in us, all the days of our life. Let us venerate the memory of Prophets, Apostles, Martyrs, and Confessors : let us pray that by their prayers and the passions which they endured, God may give to us with them a good hope and salva- (2) Mother of Christ. Notice here the Nestorian heresy — Mother of Chisist, instead of Mother of God. This is one of the few expressions -which was rightly altered at the Synod of Diamper. MALABAE. 151 tion ; and that we may be made worthy of theh- blessed commemoration, and their living and true promises in the kingdom of heaven. Let us com- memorate also cm- fathers and the doctors of truth, S. Nestorius, f) S. Diodorus, S. Theodore, S. Ephraim, S. Abraham, S. Narcissus, and all Doctors and Presbyters, followers after truth. Let us pray that by their prayers, the pure truth and the sincere doctrine which they taught may be ijreserved in the holy Chm-ch till the consummation of the world. Let us remember also our fathers and our brethren who have departed out of this world in the orthodox faith ; let us pray, I say, to the Lord that He may absolve them, and may forgive them their offences, and may vouchsafe that they, with all just and rigliteous men who have obeyed the Divine will, may rejoice for ever and ever. Also for this province and city, and for them tluit dwell therein, especially for this congregation; let us pray that the Lord by His grace may turn away from us sword, c;i]itivity, rai)ine, eartli({uake, famine, pestilence, and otlier things which are in- jurious to the soul and the body. For those also that have dci)artpd from tlio true faith, and are lieid in captivity by the net of Satiiii: let UH pray that Die. Loito (ioi> may convert their hearts, and that tljcy may verily acknowledge God tho true Father, and His Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord. Let us pray also for tlic sick : and especially for them who are vexed with cruel diseases, and are tried by most evil spirits: we pray that the Lord our God may send to them His holy Angel of love (•) The arcb-beretic. 162 LITURGY OF and salvation, and may visit and heal and help them, through the greatness of His grace and mercy. Also for the poor, orphans, widows, and afflicted ; and them that sufi'er persecution : let us pray that the Lord may govern them hy His grace, and nourish and console them by His pity, and hy His loving-liindness set them free from them that do violence to them. Pray and beseech the love of the God of all, that we may be to Him a kingdom, a priesthood, and a holy people. Cry to the Lord, the mighty God, with all your heart, and all your soul, for God is a tender Father, and morciful and clement, and willeth not that His handywork should perish, but rather should be converted and live. But above all things it is fit and meet that we should pray to, laud and adore, glory and adore, glory and honour, and exalt the One God, the Father, the Lord of all, most worthy of adoration, Who by Christ hath made to us a good lio):)e and salvation for our souls, that He may accomplish His grace and love in us even to the end. While the Deacon saith these things, the Priest, standing in the middle of the Altar, talceth the Paten ; and the Deacon giving incense, and holding the Thurible uith both hands, he censeth it in the form of a Cross, saying, Lord, our God, cause this paten to have a swect- Bmehing savour, after the pattern of Aaron, the most illustrious Priest in the tabernacle of testi- mony, Thou That art the Creator and the Lord of the roots and spices that breathe a sweet odour, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the lioLY Ghost. Amen. MALABAB. 153 TTieu he censeth the Veil of the Chalice, and saith : Lord, our God, cause this veil to have a sweet savour, after the fashion of the mantle wherewith Elias, the prophet of truth, clothed himself ; in the Is&me. Theii he censeth the Chalice, and saith . Lord, our God, cause this chalice to send forth a sweet smell, after the fashion of Aaron the Priest in the tahernacleof witness, Thou Who art the Creator of roots and spices that hreathe forth a sweet odour, in the Name. 2'hen he poureth wine into the Chalice, and saith : Let the precious lilood of our Lord Jesus Christ be mingled in the chalice. (*) He poureth in water, and saith ; One of the soldiers came, and with a spear pierced the side of our Lokd Jesi's Christ, and forthwith came thereout IMood and Water, and he that saw it bare record, and his record is true. Aij'ii7i iK)urin(f in nine, he .saith : Let water be mingled with wine and wine with ■water, in the Name of the Fatukr, and of the Hon, and of the Holy Ghost. (") Then he saith : Expect- ing I expected the Lord, the Body of Christ, ami 1*) •' tlu- (*) Thia anticipative calling that which Ib simple wine, Blood of CiiiiiHT," iH on a jiar with the anlicipiitive adoration of the Holy MyHtcri<'K at the Great Entrauce, common through all the EaHti-rn Church. C'l Here follows, in tlio niodf-ni fditinii, a lon^; ruhric, of the insertion of wliich no notice is };;iven, hut whifli is tvideutly taken from the Boman MImbuI. 154 LITURGY o;f His precious Blood on the holy Altar. Let us all offer it witli iVar and Iionour, and with the Angels let us exclaim, Holy, Holy, Holy, is our Lord God. Deacon. The poor shall eat and be satisfied with the Body of Christ and His precious Blood upon the holy Altar : let us all offer it with fear and honour, and with Angels let us exclaim, Holy, Holy, Holy, is our Lord God. Let us pray. Peace be with us. Priest (sccretli/). Let glory be offered and immO' lated to Thy ever-glorious Trinity, for ages of ages : and may Christ Who was offered as an oblation for our salvation, and has commanded us that we should sacrifice in memory of His Passion, Death, Sepul- ture, and Eesurrection, receive this sacrifice from our hands, through His grace and His love, for ever and ever. He puts the Holy Gifts on the Altar. Let these exceeding glorious, holy, and life-giving mysteries be constituted and ordained upon the holy Altar of ChrioT, until the glorious Advent from heaven of the Same, to Whom is laud, glory, and adoration now and at all times, and to ages of ages. (Aloud.) Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. Be there a commemoration u])on the holy Altar of the Vii'gin Mary, the Mother of Christ. Deacon. From everlasting to everlasting. Amen and Amen. Apostles of the very Son, friends of the Only Begotten, pray ye that there may be peace in the creation. Priest. Let all the people say Amen and Amen. Be Thy commemoration. Apostle Thomas, our holy father, upon the holy Altar, together with the just MALABAR. 155 who have conquered, and the martyrs who have received the crown. Deacon. The Mighty God is with us, our Father is with us, our Angel, and our Helper, the God of Jacob. Priest. The little ones, with the elders, behold all the faithful who have fallen on sleep in a good Iwpe, who have paid the debt of humanity. By Thy ex- ceeding glorious resurrection. Thou shalt raise them ap to Thy glory. (") beacon. Pour forth before him your hearts in prayer, fasting and penitence. They have made propitiation to Christ, the Fathkr, and His Spirit. The Priest salt It, ahile he coveretk the Oblations, Thou covere^it Thyself with light as with a garment, and stretchcst out the heavens like a curtain, now and ever, and to ages of ages. While the Priest washeth his hands the Deacon saith : By tlie prayer and supplication of the Angels of peace and of love, we ask. People. From Thee, Lord. Deacon. Night and day, and all tlie days of our life, we ask for eternal pt;acc to Thy Church, and a life witliout sins. I'eople. From Thee, O Lord. J)itir',n. KeinisKion of sins, and tliat which may bo profiliilde to our life, and may appease His iJivinity, we ask, O If we compare these verHicles nm\ rimpotiHOB witli the " (tni) in witli lis." ill tlic Ori'dt Aiioili-ipnoii of tlio Cotintftnti- li(i])read, giving life, Who didst descend from heaven, and (juickenest the whole world, and they that eat this Bread shall never die, and they that receive it in truth are freed and sanctified by it, and are cleansed and live for ever. Our Lord Jesus Christ (") in the same night wherein He was betrayed, took the holy bread into His pure and loving hands, and lifted up His eyes to heaven, and gave thanks to God the Father, the Creator of all things, and blessed and brake, and gave to His Disciples and said, — Take and eat of this bread all of you : for this is My Body. In like manner after He had supped. He took the Cualice into His pure hands, and gave thanks, and blessed, and gave to His Disciples, saying. Take and drink ye all of this Chahce : for as often as ye (") I have vcntiirod to make a coriKidcnible altcnition in tlie order of tin; uliovc iirayors. As wc liavo the Malabar Ijitiirgy frum thf! I'ortui^uesc rovistTS, the; KiMiiit-nct! of tlie Collects is that wliicli is given by bracketed iiiirnerals in the margin. Mere the Invocation of tlie Holy Ghost, contrary to the use of every otlier Oriental Liturgy, preceded the words of Institution. Tliis, in itself, would be a sudicient proof that an nlieration liail been made ; thougli very carelessly, if not iiuth'i jide, no notice is given of it. JJut fortunately the Nestorian Liturgy of Tlieodore the Literjireter bears a suHioient resemblance to this to kIiow what was the original order : I have therefore arranged the prayers according to that. The Fiiturgy of All Aposth'S, the Nestorian nonn, bears as would be natural, a closer resemblance still to the Malabar; but as All Apostles, from whatever cause, has not the words of Lislitution at all, it is not so useful in chewing liow the Miilabar was arranged. IJenauiiot litis a note on the Malaiiar, (vol. ij. ].. oW',). edit. I,i sliij, but he mani- festly refers to a very dilTerent edition of it from that which we ureemployiiifr. 166 lilTURGY C>- eat this Bread, and drink this Cup, ye shevr forth My remembrance : for this is the ChaHce of My Blood, of the New Testament, which for you and for many shall be poured forth for the remission of sins : this shall be My pledge even to the consum- mation of all things. Glory to Thee, my Lord : glory to Thee, my Lord : glory to Thee my Lord, for Thine ineffable gift. The Priest sif/ns the Oblations, (iiid sdith : Lord God of Hosts, hear the voice of my cry, ro - and listen, my Lord, and give ear to my groans ^ ■-' and my sighs, and receive the prayers of me, a sinner : for in tliis hour in which the Sacrifice is offered to Thy Father, I beseech Thy grace to have mercy upon all creatures ; to forgive the offenders, to bring back the wanderers, to console the afflicted, to give peace to the disturbed, to lieal the infirm, to hear them that are truultled m spirit, and to impart tranquillity to them; to accomplish the almsdeads of them that work righteousness, and for Thy holy Name's sake to be propitious ever to me, a sinner, thi'ough Thy grace. Thanks be to Thee, Lord God of Hosts : let this rq 1 oblation be received for tlio whole Catholic ■- '- Church, and for priests andprinces; for the poor also that are oppressed in soi'row and misery, and for the faithful departed, and for all them who desire the prayer of my weakness, and for my sins. Yea, O Lord, my God, visit Thy people, and my un- happiness, according to Tliy love, and the multitude of Thy mercy, and not according to my sins and inirpiities : but grant that we may be made worthy of the remission of our sins by the Holy Body which we shall in faith receive, through grace which ia irom Thee. Ameu., MAIiAEAK. 1G7 Prostratinrf himself, he continues: Tliou, my Lord, according to Thy exceeding love, receive this best ,^ -, and acceptable commemoration of the fathers *- '-' who are just and upright, and please Thee, — the re- membrance of the Body and Blood of Thy Christ, which we shall otter to TJiee upon the pure and holy altar, as Thou hast taught us, and give peace to us and ti-an(juillity all the days of our life. Yea, Lord, give us peace, that all the inhabitants of tlie earth may know that Thou art God, ihe only Father of trutli. Thou didst send Thy most be- loved Sou, and He the Lord our God came and taught us, all the hohness and purity of Proj)hets and Apostles, Martyrs and Confessors, Bishops and Doctors, Priests ai:d Deacons, and all the sons of the holy Catholic Church, who have been sealed with holy baptism. We, therefore, my Lord, Thy weak and unprofitable servants, who are gathered togetlicr in Tliy Name, and at this time stand before Thee, and by lioly tradition have received a pattern fiom Thee, witli exultation and joy, glorify, exalt and venerate this momorial, and sacrifice! this Mystery, great, terrible, holy a ml divine, of the Passion and Dciitli, Burial and liesurrcction of our LoBD and Saviour Jkst;s Ciiitisr. And Ihr I'liest slirlrhcth J'nrth, iniiili/, his hanels ^p , to heini'H and crnmecnifcth the Both/ and Jilood of - *-' Christ. Send then, my Lord, Thy TlolySi'iRiT, and let Him rest upon tliis o])lation of Thy servants and ^. sanctity it, that it inny be to us, my Lord, for [. '-I the payment of our dcl>ts in id the remission ot our sins, and the great ]u}\)(: of resurrectif)n from the dead, and a new life in tin; lieavenly kingdom, with all who liave pleased Thee. Moreover, for all Thy 168 LITURGY OF admirable dispensation carried on towards us, we praise and glorify Thee without ceasing in the Church, which hath been redeemed by the Blood of Thy Son, and with open mouth and unveiled coun- tenance, we will offer unto Thee a song and honour laud and adoration, to Thy living, holy, and quickening Name, now and ever and to ages of ages. Amen. The Priest saith Psalm li. 1 — 13 ; and Psalm cxxiii. j-g -J 1 — 3. Then : Stretch forth Thy hand, and let ^ '-■ Thy right hand save me, Lord ; let Thy love remain over me for ever, and despise not the works of Thy hands. He rheth and .saith : CnrasT, the peace of things that |-g 1 are on high, and the great rest of those that are I- '-' below, stablish, Lord, in Thy peace and rest, the four regions of the world, but' principally Thy holy Catholic Church, and destroy wars and battles fi-om tlie ends of the earth, and disperse the people that delight in war, and pacify by the mercy of Thy Divinity, the Priesthood, and"^the kingdom, that we may have a secure habitation with all sobriety and piety, and for^nvc the debts and sins of them that have departed this life, through Thy mercy and love for ever. The Priest blesses Incense, and puts it in the thurible^ saying : Let us offer a hymn to Thy most glorious Trinity, at all times and for ever. Lord our God, cause the savour of our s(;uls to be i)leasant to Thee, through the sweet savour of the mercy of Thy love, and cleanse us by it from the defilements of sin. He censeth the Oblations therewith, and saith thrice : The Lord our God give us access by the clemency MALABAR. 169 of His mercy to these sacrameuts.. most glorious, holy, quickening, and divine. For in trutli we are not •worth}'. Deacon. I am tlie Living Bread "Which came down from heaven : I am the Bread Wliich descended r^ -, from on high, said the Saviour in a Mystery to '■ *-' His Disciples : whosoever approacheth in love, and receiveth ]\Ie, shall live in me for ever, and shall hy heritage acquire the kingdom. Choir. The ministers, who do His will. Cherubim and Seraphim, and Archangels, stand with fear and trembling before the Altar, and behold the Priest, wj'.cn he breaks and divides the Body of Christ for the propitiation of sin. Jh'iifon. Open to me the gates of righteousness, O Thou Merciful One, Whose door is open to peni- tents, and \\]](> invitest sinners to draw near to TJiee ; open to us, my Lord, tlie gate of Thy loves, that we may enter in, and sing praise to Thee day and night. (Jkoir. Sot, U Lord, a watch l)eforc my mouth. Glory be to the Fatiikk, Son, and Holy Gjiost. Ihiicoii. Merciful One, have pity on us, and show nicroy to us ; and despise us not in tlie time of [1^1 aftliction, for night and day we ho[ie in Thee : ^ '-' and they tliat trust in Thee shall not be con- founded. (J/wir. Let all the people say. Amen and Amen. Isaiah kissed the lire in th(! kindled coal, and his lips were not l)urnt, but his iniquity was pardoned : mortals in this very bread receive fire, and it guards their bodies and burns out their sins. Dmcoii. From everlasting to everlasthig: the Altar is fire in fire: fire surroiinds it : let Priests beware of the terrible and trenjcndous lire, lest they fall into it, and be b irut for ever. 170 LITURGY OP The Priest breaks the Host, and saith ■ We draw near, my Lord, in the faith of Thy Name to these Holy Mysteries, and in Thy love we break, and in Thy pity we sign the Body and Blood of our Saviour Jesus Christ, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. The Priest layeth that part of the Oblation which he holdeth in his left hand, on the paten : he dips the other in the Blood, up to the midst. Let the Precious Blood be signed with the Holy Body of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. (^^) The Priest marks ivith his right thumb nail that part of the Oblation which hath been dipped in the Blood. Let the Holy Body be signed with the Blood of Propitiation of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Then joining the two together, he says : These predestinated Mysteries, exceeding glorious, holy, and quickening, and divine, are consecrated, perfected, completed, and united together in the venerable and illustrious Name of the glorious Trinity ; that they may be to us, Lord, for the (I'j This rubric was altered by the Portuguese censors ; for which Le Brun sharply rebukf s them ; and it is not very easy to make out from the rubrics that remain, what the original direction was. MALABAR. 171 propitiation of our sins, and a great liope of resur- rection from the dead ; and the renewal of life in the kingdom of heaven. Glory to Thee, my Lord, boicause Thou didst create me by Thy grace : glory to Thee, my Lord, because Thou didst call me by Thy mercy : glory to Thee, my Lord, because Thou liast made me the mediator of Thy gifts ; and for all the dispensation which Thou hast carried out towards my weakness, let praise, laud, honour and adoration ascend to Thee, now, and to ages of ages. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God the Father, and the communion of the Holy Ghost be with us all, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Deacon. Let US all with fear and reverence approach the mystery of the Body and precious Blood of our Saviour : and with pure heart and true faitli let us call to memory His Passion and Ilcsurrection, and understand it plainly : for our sakes the Only- Begotten took on Himself a mortal luxly, and spiritual reason and immortal soul : and in His pre- cepts, which confer life, and in His holy law, has brought us back from (,'rror to the acknowlcdgcnicnt of the truth : and after all the dis])ensiiti()iis which Ho wrought for us. He oiVcred the lirst-fniits of our nature as a sacrifice on tlic Cross, and bestowed on us tliis Holy Sacnimciit, liy moans of which we might remember all the grace which He niiiiiift'sted to U8. Let us then with overflowing cluirity, iiiid humble will, receive the gift of eternal life, and witli piux' prayer, and earnest grief for our sins, Ikj made partakers of the Holy Mysteries of the Church, and be, by the hope of penitence, converted from our iniquities, and grieve for our transgressions : let us furthermore ask for love and mercy, and let us call 17*2 LITHBOT OF on God the Lord of all, and let lis forgive the debts of our fellow servants. People. Lord, have mercy on the sins and iniqui- ties of Thy servants. \ And so on at the end of each clauseJ] Deacon. Let us cleanse our consciences from division and contention ; Let our souls be thoroughly perfect, both from all hatred and malice to others. Let us receive, sanctity, and be inflamed by the Holy Ghost. Let us receive the fellowship of the Divine Mysteries in unanimity of mind and mutua peace. And may it be, Lord, to us for the resurrec- tion of our bodies, and the salvation of our souls, and the life that is to ages of ages. Amen. Meanwhile the Priest saith: Blessed art Thou, Lord God of our fathers, and highly exalted and excel- lently laudable is Thy Name for ever : in that Thou hast not dealt with us after our sins, neither re- warded us according to our iniquities, but according to the multitude of Thy love hast dehvered us from the power of darkness, and hast called us to the kingdom of Thy most dearly beloved Son our Lord Jesus Christ, by Whom Tliou hast made bare, and hast brought to nought, the power of darkness, and hast bestowed on us life incorruptible. And now, Lord, Thou Who liast vouchsafed that I should stand before this Thy pure and holy Altar, to otier unto Thee this loving and holy sacrifice, make us also worthy, by Thy love, that in all pureness and holiness we may receive the Gift : and that it may not be unto us for judgment or vengeance, but for love and piety and the remission of sins, and resurrec- MAIiABAB. 173 tion from the dead, and eternal life : so that we may all be the fullest witnesses of Thy glory, and the habitation of a holy shrine : that after we have been incorporated into the Body and Blood of Thy Christ with all Thy Saints, we may shine with light, in His ever-glorious and lofty revelation : for to Thee and to Thine with the Holy Ghost, is glory and honour and laud and adoration, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Blot out, Lord, the sins and transgressions of Thy servants, and sanctify our life by the songs of tlie Holy Ghost, to the end that we, with all Thy Saints, may offer to Thy most High Divinity the fruits of glory and praise ; and make us worthy, Loud, to stand in Thy Presence ever with pure heart and open countenance ; and that with the confidence which by Thy love is conferred on us, we may all of us together invoke Thee, and tluis Bay: Our Fatiikh. Priest. Yea, Loud, (") Gon of Hosts, () our most glorious God, and our merciful I'atiikk, wo earnestly ask, beseech and inijilore the clemency of Thy goodness: lead us ncjt, my Lord, into temptation, but save and deliver us from tlie evil one, and from bis host; for Thine is the kingdom and the strength, the gh)ry and the power, the enijiire and th(! might, in heaven and in earth, now and to ages of ages. Deacon. Amen. Prirst. Pencf" be with you. Dtmion. And with tliee and with thy spirit. ('•, The Emboli smut : aa in S. Murk, p. '26; S. IiinioH, ji. 67 ; S. Bftsil. p. 143. 174 LITURGY or Priest. That whicli is holy befits the holy, my Lord, to be received. Deacon. One holy Father, one holy Son, one Holy Ghost. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, to ages of ages. Amen. The Deacon goes to the Altar : the Priest takes his right hand and j)nts it into the Paten. Deacon. The glory of our Lord. Priest. Be with them and with us, in the heavenly kingdom : glory be to the Living God. Deacon. Glorify the Living God. People. Glory to Him and to Thy Church : His love and His pity. Amen. Priest. Lord, my God, I am not worthy, nor is it indeed meet that I should receive Thy Body and the Blood of propitiation, nor that I should touch them ; but let Thy words sanctify my soul, and heal my body, in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. A7id he receives the Body of our Lord. In the mean- time the Deacon sings : Let this oblation be received above in the hea- venly places, together with that which Abel, Noah, and Abraham offered to the heavenly kingdom. Priest. Let the gift of the grace of our Saviour Himself, Jesus Christ, be accomplished through love in all of us. Deacon. To ages of ages. Amen. Tlie Priest receives the Chalice, and then saith : The Blood of the propitiation of our Lord Jesus Christ nourish my soul and body in this life, and in the life to come. MALABAR. 175 Deacon. My brethren, receive the Body of the Son Himself, saith the Chui'ch, and drink His Blood. And while the people communicate, the Deacon saith : Strengthen, Lord, the hands which are stretched out to receive the Holy Thing : vouchsafe that they may daily bring forth fruit to Thy Divinity ; that they may be worthy of all things which they have sung to Thy praise within Thy sanctuary, and may ever laud Thce.('') Grant, moreover, My Lord, that the ears which have hoard the voice of Thy songs, may never hear Ihe voice of clamour and dispute. Grant also that tlie eyes wliich have seen Thy great love, may also bcliold Tliy Blessed hope ; ('") that the tongues which have sung the Sanctiis may speak the truth. Grant that the feet which have walked in the church may walk in the region of light : that the bodies which liave tasted Thy living Body may be restored in newness of life. On this congregation also, which adores Thy Divinity, let Thy aids be multiplied, and let Thy great love remain with us ; and by Thee may we abound in the manifestation of Thy glory, and open a door to the prayers of all of us. We all then, who have drawn near by the gift of the grace of the Holy Ghost, and to wlioni it has been vouchsafed to become fellow participators in the reception of these mysteries, most excellent, (") Thin seems to be the sense of a very obHcnre expres- flion. ('") Notice this n'innrkdblo pmyt-r, which has no piiriillcJ that I fiin Hwnro of in iiny Eftstem rite : there iH notliint^ like it in tlio kindred Nestorian LitnrnieM. nor in tlie mongrel Nestorian scrvico of .John of BasHora. It appears to ine of the moHt remote antiquity. 176 LITURGY OP holy, divine, and quickening, let us all praise and exult in God, the Giver of them. Priest. Glory be to Him for His unspeakable gift. It is meet, just, and right, Lord, that at all times, and days, and hours, we should laud, adore, and glorify the terrible Name of Thy Majesty ; since by Thy grace and Thy love, my Lord, Thou hast vouchsafed to the Aveak nature of the mortal sons of men, to hallow Thy Name with blessed spirits, and hast given us to be partakers of the gift of Thy mysteries, and to be delighted with the sweetness of Thy words which give life and are divine, and always to offer praise to Thy Divinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. (") Then all say, Our Father. The Priest turneth to the people, and blesseth them, sciyimj, He Who blesseth us with all benediction in hea- ven, by the Son of humanity, \^""') and hath invited to His kingdom and eternal sweetness : And Who hath given His promise to the apos- tolic congregation, and also in verity hath signed His word, that there should be no doubt m it : Ye shall say, Verily, verily, I say, and in verity I sign My words : every one that eatcth My quicken- ing Body, and drinketh my Blood of the salutary Chalice, I forgive him all his debts, and I blot out all his sins, and I call him to the kingdom ; and let it P^j Then follows, in the orif,dnal, a thanksgiving alter- native with the above. (2°) This singular substitution for the Son of Man was altered by tlieDiamDerep.fi censors into His Son. MALABAR. 177 deliver you from affliction, and save you from scandals. He bless (") the seeds of your fields, He bless the fruits of your trees, and He multiply and bless your substance, and of His love give you long life. God, the Lord of men, bless this congregation, and give strength to the weak, for behold, he be- ginneth from the beginning. By the living sign of Christ, may the glorious throne of the Oriental Catholics be blessed, that righteousness may rise and slune in it. Let the father full of spleiulour, the Bishop who is pastor and lord of the whole Hock, full of sobriety, bo guarded from evil. Bless the holy presbyters, clerks and ministers : let them be set free from dangers and devils, and very evil men. To the ancient of days, to old men, illustrious through age, may the Lohd give them a good end, and call them to the kingdom. Young men, fair in stature and possessed of strength, may ilo cause them to increase in splen- dour, and till them with purity. The frail nature of women, virgins also and the wedded, may they be kept from fall, from snares and scandals. The Lord that sitteth in heaven, give us a quiet peace, a good and sweet peace, that we may rejoice day and night. He give you peaceful times, that we may ever rejoice and not be turbulent and unquiet, but loving eacli other through charity. And since ye are assembled together this day, in (^) This verb of course is to be connected with the first clause of the benediction. N 178 LITURGY OP MALABAK. the solemnity of this oblation may the Cross of the Celestial Kiug guard you. The Lord receive your oblation and your sacri- fice, and your prayers, and may His Spirit rest upon your alms, and may your petitions enter into His Presence. May he that is illustrious in the congregation of the Saints, the religious Hormisdas, (^^) the holiness of holinesses, keep you from plague and devils and very evil men. May he pray also for this crowd, the poor, the miserable, for they are disciples of this Saint, that thus they may be free from calamity. Furthermore may they who have modestly laboured and served with simplicity in this world, be guarded in righteousness from ill. And they who are strangers among us, and are far off from their homes, may the King of ages of ages cause them to return m peace. Let this feast be holy upon you, humble people, and may the Lord be your establisher and counsellor to good things. Now and ever, and at all times and occasions, by nights also and days, and even to ages of ages.(^) (22) Hormisdas, a celebrated ascetic in Malabar, bears the same relation to tbe Church of India that S. Antony does to Egypt, S. Sabbas to Palestine, or Tekla-Haimanoth to Ethiopia. (23) In the original there follow three alternative benedic- tions. That translated above, I take to be for lesser festivals. The others are — 1, For the highest feasts : 2, For ferial days : 3, For masses of the dead — which last I imagine to be lioman. ( 179 ) THE OFFICE OF THE PEOTHESIS. The Order of the Holy Prothesis, as per- formed IN THE Great Church, and the Holy Mountain. The Priest and Deacon go to the prothexls, (') and wash their hands, (-) saying, (') I will wash my liaiids in inuoccucy, Lord, and 80 will I go to Thine Altar, to the end uf the Psalm. Then they make three adorations before the prothesis, and each saith, God be merciful to me a sinner, and have pity upon me. P) i.e. into the chapel of np69fraximus : "All men who propose to communicate first wa^h their hands." N 2 180 THE OFFICE OF THE PE0THESI3. Thou hast redeemed us from the curse of the law, by Thy precious Blood, being nailed to the Cross, and wounded with the lance, and didst pour forth streams of immortality to men : glory be to Thee, our Saviour. Deacon. Sir, give the blessing. Priest. Blessed be our God always, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen. Then the Priest takes in his left hand the Oblations (*) and in his right the holy spear. In remembrance of our Lord and God and Savi- our Jesus Christ. [This he saith thrice.) He then thrusts the spear into the right (") side of the (^) seal, and saith, as he cuts, (*) Five small loaves, of the f(jrm indicated in the text, are provided in the prothesis. They are round, symbolically representing, under the shape of a piece of money, the price of our redemption, (Durandus, 4, 41 ;) but each has a square projection rising from it, usually called the Holy Lamb, but sometimes simply the Holy Bread. This, in the Greek Church, is stamped with the words, IC XC NIKA, Jesus Cheist conquers. (■'j That is, of the Holy Lamb, which he is now going to divide from the rest of the Oblation. (6) The seal {a-cppayisj is, properly speaking, the Crosa THE OFFICE OF THE PROTHESIS. 181 He was led as a sheep to the slaughter. Into the left, saying, And as a blameless lamb dumb before His shearers, so He opened not His mouth. Into the tipper part, saying. In His humiliation His judgment was taken away. Into the loner, saying. And who shall declare His generation ? Tlie Deacon, looking devoiith/ on this rite, saith, at each inci.'iion, Let us make our supplications to the Lord : holding his oranun in his hand.{^) After these things, (*) he saith, Sir, take up. impressed ou tlie Holy Lamb, and is so to be taken here ; but is sometimes used for tlio tiling tlius sealed, namely, the Holy Lamb itself, as in what follows. C) The i)Osture, which continually occurH in the Liturgy, can scarcely be iinderHtood excejit from actual sight. The Deacon is now, like H. John the liaptiHt, preaching the Lamb of God ; or, according to the before-named system of S. Germanus, he represents the Angel naliiting the Blessed Virgin at her Ariri\wna, ij ^K Tivhi KoiKtai . . Tov u\ov UpTov, (prj/il, otm^nufTat. C) The Holy Lamb being now entirely separated from the Oblation. 182 THE OFFICE OF THE PE0TIIESI8. And the Priest, tlirusthig the holy spear ohliqueJij into the riffJit side of the Oblation, raises up the holy Bread, (^) saying, For His life is taken away from the earth ; [always, now and ever, and to ages of ages.] And laijeth it, cross dotrmvards, (^) in the holy disk. The Deacon saith. Sir, sacrifice. The Priest saith, while he cuts it crosswise. The Lamb of God is sacrificed, Which taketh away the sin of the world, for the life and salvation of tlae world. Then he turns ilt civss upwards, Q'^) and the Deacon saith, Sir, stab. And the Priest, piercing thf right side (^^) with the holy spear, saith, One of the soldiers with a spear pierced His side, and forthwith came thereout ])lood and Water : and he that saw it bare record, and his record is true. The Deacon then pours into the holy chalice wine and watrr, first saying to the Priest, Sir, bless the Holy Union. And the Priest blesses them. (■') That is, the Limib. ('") This is evidently done for convenience, that the softer part of the bread may be cut by the holy spear : but mysti- cally represents the helplessness of a lamb expiring under the deathblow. (") This is explained of Christ's bearing His Cross. 6 yap s SriKoi. (^«) This shews that the Greek Church liad the same tradition as the Latin, that our Loiid's Wound was on Hia right side THE OFFICE OF THE PROTHESIS. 183 Then the Priest, taking the second (^') Oblation, saith, In honour and memory of the most excellent and glorious Lady, the Mother of God and Ever- Virgin Maiy, by whose intercessions receive, Lord, this Sacrifice to Thy heavenly altar. a The Holy Ijamb // Tlio i)ortiou of 8. Mary. c Tlio nine jiortionH of ProphotH, ApoHtloH, MiirtyrH, (fee. d rortions for the living. c rortions for the dead. C) According to tlic prcHt-nt use of tlio EaHtcrii C'lmroh, five Oldiitionn arc nrij^iiiully nut on tho proilicHiH, prohnlily in comnninonitioii of the niiniclo ol the livo loavcH. Anciently, indeed, tho numlicr of Olilutions varied with the nunibor of offerers. But, though five be the iiHiial number, and invari- able in the liussian Clinrch, yet oft.in in Greece one Oblutioii only is offered ; tlie portions being taken from tho same loaf from which the Holy Lamb Ima been previoiiflly cut. And this not only in nmall places, but even in the I'atriarchul Church. 184 THE OFFICE OF THE PROTHESIS. And takhiff a portion, (") he places it on the right side of the holy Bread near its middle part, saying, At Thy right hand did stand the Queen in a vesture of gold, Avrought about with divers colours. Then, taking the third Oblation, he saith, Of the honourable and glorious Forerunner, Prophet, and Ba^jtist John. And taking one portion, he places it on the left side of tlie holy Bread, making a beginning of the first row : then he saith : Of the holy and glorious Prophets, Moses and Aaron, Elijah, Elisha, David and Jesse, the Three Holy Children, and all holy Prophets. And he places the second portion orderly under the first. Then he saith : Of the holy and glorious and all celebrated Apostles, Peter and Paul, the Twelve, and the Seventy, and all holy Apostles. (^^) And thus he places the third j^ortion below the second^ finishing the row. Then he saith : Of our holy Fathers, and oecumenical great (») This portion, fxfpis, is called the Virgin's ; and hence, perhaps, arose the error by which the Greeks were accused of pretending to consecrate it into the body of S. Mary. The portions are pyramidal pieces of bread, cut out of the Obla- tion with the lioly spear. (1-^) The Eastern Church commemorates in the Mensea the Seventy, and others who were immediately connected with our Lord as Apostles : hence the necessity for the addition. Saints, next in her estimation, she denominates jVa7ro." (ov 8(7 ZiaKuvovs fXfpiSas irpo(T(p^p(iv . . . ind Kal rh x'^f'^'M" rod Trpot'<^ihesi3, saying thrice : Blessed be our God, who is thus well pleased : glory be to Tliee. The Deacon saith at each time • Always, now aud ever, and to ages of ages. Amen. (") The difTerence of the two expresBions used for th« coverinj; with the first and willi the second veil will show the propriety of the exclamations by the Priest that follow each. 190 THE OFFICE OF THE PEOTHESIS. Then they both adore reverently, three thiies. Then the Deacon, taking the censer, saith : At the oblation of the Holy Gifts, let us maiie our supplicatious to the Lord. The Priest saith the Prayer of Prothesis : (^^) God, our God, Who didst send forth the Heavenly Bread, the nourishment of the whole world, our Lord and God, Jesus Christ, as a Saviour and Kedeeraer and Benefactor, blessing and hallowing us ; Thyself bless this Oblation, and receive it to Thy heavenly altar : remember, of Thy goodness and love to men, them that offered it, and them for whom they offered it ; and keep us without condemnation in the celebration of Thy holy mysterier,. For blessed and hallowed is Thy holy and glorious Name, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen. And after this he there makes the Dismission, saying thus : Glory be to Thee, Christ, our God and Hope : glory be to Thee. Deacon. Glory. Both now. Lord have mercy. Sir, give the blessing. And the Priest gives the Dismission, saying: (if it be Sunday, Christ, that arose from the dead,) \if not Christ, our true God, j through the intercessions of His spotless Mother, and our holy Father, John Chrysostom, Archbishop (22) This prayer is word for word from the Liturgy of S. James, where it is said by the Priest when the Oblations are brought from the Prothesis to the altar, i.e. at the Great Entrance. THE OFFICE OF THE PROTHESIS. 191 of Constantinople, (or, if it be the Liturciy of S. Basil, of S. Basil the Great, of Casarea in Cap- padocia,) and All Saints, have mercy upon us, and save us ; for Thou art good and the lover of men. Deacon. Amen. After the Dismission, the Deacon censes the holy prothesis ; then lie f/oes and censes the huh/ Table all round in the form of a Cross, saying secretly : In the tomb bodily, in Hades spiritually, in Paradise with the tliiof, while Thou wast, Christ, with the Fathku and the Holy Ghost on the throne, as God filling all things and incircumscript. Then he saith the Jifty-first Psalm. In the viraiitima he censes the Sanctuary and all the Church, ami comes again to the holy Altar, and again censes the holy Table and the Priest ; then he jnits down the censer in its place, and comes close to the Priest ; and they stand in front of the holy Table, and make three reverences; praying secretly, and saying : Heavenly King, the Paraclete, the Spirit of truth. Who art every where present, and fillest all things, tlie Treasuro of good things, and Giver of life, come and tabernacle in us, and cleanse us from all stain, and save our souls, good God. Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good-will towards men. Tuire. Loiu), open Thou my lips, iind my mouth shall shew forth Thy praise. Then the Priest kisses the Holy Oospel, and the Deacnn the holy Table. Thru the Deacon, hauing his head to the I'riest, and holding his orariun nith the three fingers of his right hand, saith: 192 THE OFFICE OP THE PEOTHESIS. It is time to sacrifice (**) to the Lord. Holy Sir, give the blessing. The Priest, signing him with the Cross, saith : Blessed be our God always, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Amen. Beacon. Holy Sir, pray for me. Eriest. The Lord make straight thy goings to every good work. Deacon. Holy Sir, remember me. Priest. The Lord our God remember thee in His kingdom, always, now and ever, and to ages of ages. Deacon. Amen. Then he makes a reverence, and goes Old, and standing in the accustomed place, over against the haJg doors, innkes three reverences, saging to liimself: Lord, open Thou my lips, and my mouth shall shew Thy praise.. After this, he begins, Sir» give the blessing. Priest. Blessed be the kingdom, &o. [The Liturgg will be found at page 92.] (^) noif7v. King translates " to perform ; " and Goar, doubtfully, " faciendi." The word often, in late Greek, signifies to sacrifice. So the LXX. Isaiah xix. 21 ; 1 Kings xi. 33; Levit. ix. 7. So in S. Luke ii. 27, "tou iroirjffat avrovs Kara rh elenTfjLfvov tov v6ixov" — ought to be translated — "that they might offer a sacrifice according to the custom of the law." So facere is often used in Latin, Virg. iii. 77, " Cum faciam vitula pro frugibus." And the similar word ^(Cfiy, as every one knows, constantly means the same tbiiig. 103 APPENDIX I. THE FOEMUL^ OF INSTITUTION As they occur in every extant Liturgy. [alpuabeticallv arranged.] 1. All Apostles. I. [Ethiopic : Monophysite.] In the same night in which He was betrayed, lie took bread into His bauds, holy, blessed, and immaculate. He looked up to heaven, to Thee, His Fatheh, He gave thanks. He blessed, He sanctified, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take, eat ye all of this : This Bukau is My Bouy, which is broken FOR YOU FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. Amcn. People. Amen. Amen. Amen. We believe and are certain. We praise Tlice, Loro, our God : this is truly, and we thus believe. Thy Body. Priest. In like manner the cup of tluiuksgiving He blessed and sanctified, and said to them : Take, drink ye all of it : This is the chalice of ]\rv Blood which shall ue sued for you, for the bedemption of many. People. Amen. This is verily Thy Blood : we believe. o 194 APPENDIX I. [ The first formula has 'been made the subject of gi-eat rejoiciug by Protestants : while by some Liturgical wiiters it has been considered invalid. But the extremely strong language employed in the response of the people, ought to set the Ethiopic canon above susjDicion. I do not mean to defend its compilers from the charge of pre- sumption in altering our Lord's own most sacred words: I would only urge with most Catholic writers, that they are perfectly orthodox. When the Priest says, holding the paten in his hand, — This bread, that which is in the paten is bread, and no more : were he to terminate then, tlte bread would be only so far sanctified as being an oblation to Gon, but true bread still.] * 2. All Apostles. II. {Ethioinc.) Q) In that night in whicli they betrayed Him, He took bread. People. We believe that this is He, truly wc believe. Priest. In His holy and blessed hands, which are ■without stain ; He looked up to heaven unto Thee, unto His Father, gave thanks, blessed, and brake, and gave unto them, to His own, His disciples, and said to them : Take, eat, this bread is My Body, WHICH IS BROKEN FOR YOU FOE THE REMISSION OF SINS. Peoj^le. Amen. Amen. Amen. We believe and are sure ; we praise Thee, our Lord and our God, this is He, truly we believe. Priest. Likewise the cup too He blessed, conse- crated, and sanctified, and gave it to them. His own, His disciples, and said to them : Take, drink, this CUP IS ]\Iy Blood which is poured out for you fob THE remission OF SINS. People. Amen. Amen. Amen. Priest. And when ye do this, make commemo- ration of Me. (i) Brit. Mus., Orient. 545, foL 47 a. appejjdix i. 195 3. Ambrosian. Who, on the day before He suffered for the salva- tion of us and of all, taking bread, He lifted His eyes to heaven to Thee, God, His Father Almighty ; giving thanks to Thee, He blessed. He brake, and gave to His disciples, saying to them : Take and eat ye all of it ; for this is My Body. In the like manner, after they had supped, taking the chalice, He lifted up His eyes to heaven, to Thee, God, His Father Almighty : also giving thanks to Thee, He blessed, and gave to His dis- ciples, saying to them : Take, and drink ye all of it ; FOR THIS IS THE CHALICK OF My BlOOD, OF THE New and PjTernal Testament, the Mystery of Faith, which for you and for many shall hk poured forth for the remission of SINS. Commanding also, and saying to thorn, These things as oft as ye shall do, ye shall do tlioni in memorial of Me : ye shall preach My Death : yc shall announce My Resur- rection : ye shall liope for My Advent, till again I shall come to you from heaven. 4. Apostles (Nentorian). [In this TAtitryij the Wanls of InstUution are wanting.] 5. Apo8tle3 (Syro-Jacobite). (") Who, wlien for us He was made man, without mutation, He came to the Cross ; and before His quickening Passion, He took bread into His holy hiiuds, He blosHf'd, He sanctified, He brake, and ate, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take and eat of it : For this is My Body, which for you and fob (2) Brit. Mu8., Add. 14.493; 14,4%; 14,093; 17.128. o 2 190 APPENDIX I. MANY IS BROKEN AND GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. In WVc manner the chalice also, after they had supped, lie mingled with Avine and water, He blessed, He sanctified, and when He had tasted it, He gave it to His disciples, saying : Take, drink ye all of it : FOR this is the New Testament in My Blood, which for you and for many is poured forth FOR the expiation OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. As often as ye shall eat this bread and drink this chalice, ye shall make memory of Me till I shall come. People. Amen. 6. Armenian. He instituted this great mystery of faith and reli- gion when He was about to give Himself up to death for the life of the world. People. We believe. Priest. Taking bread into His Hands, holy, divine, most spotless, and venerable, He blessed. He gave to His elect, holy, and fellow-disciples, saying, Deacon. Sir, bless. Priest. This is My Body, which for you and for MANY is GIVEN FOR REMISSION AND PARDON OF SINS. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner He took the chalice, He blessed, He gave thanks. He drank, and gave it to His elect, holy, and fellow- disciples, saying. Deacon. Sir, bless. Priest. This is My Blood of the New Testament, which for you and for many is shed for the re- mission and pardon of sins. People, Heavenly Father, Who didst give up APPENDIX I. 197 Thy Sox to death, as the Debtor of our debts, we beseech Thee for the sake of His Blood, which hath been shed, to have mercy upon Thy rational flock. Deacon. Sir, a,i\Q the blessinof. Priest. And Thine Only-Begotten Sox, the Lover of men, commanded us to do this in remembrance of Him. * 7. S. Athanasius {Ethiopic). (*) Thou didst take up bread before them, didst give tlianks, bless, and l)reak, and give unto them, saying : Take, eat; this uhead is My J^ody, from which there is no being separated. And in like manner the cup too Thou didst mingle (with) water and wine, didst give thanks, bless, and consecrate, and say : Take, drink : this cup is My Blood, from wliich there is no being divided. As often as ye eat this Bread and drink tliis Cup, set forth My Doatli and My Resurrection, and confess My Ascension to heaven and My coming again witli glory, whilst ye await. 8. S. Basil {Orthodox). [Sec page 127.] 9. S. Basil (Copto-Jncohlte). He instituted this great mystery of pi(ity and rcli' gion wlien Ho had determined to give Himself up to dcatli for the life of the world. People. We believe that it is in triiili so. Priest. He took bread into His hands, lioly, pure, immaculate, blessed and life-giving, and looked up to lieaven to Thee, Goo, His Father, and the LoiM) of all. People. Amen, (8) Brit. Mus., Orient. ;'i.5, fol. 8G^ ; Add. 1G,202. 198 APPENDIX I. Priest, (raising his eyes.) And gave thanks. Amen. And blessed it. Amen. And sanctified it. Amen. And brake it, and <2:ave it to His holy Apostles and disciples, saying : Take, eat ye all of this : For this IS My Body, which for you is broken, and for many IS GIVEN for the REMISSION OF SINS : do tliis in remem- brance of Me. Amen. Priest. Likewise also the cup after supper, He mingled mth wine and water. Amen. He gave thanks. Amen. He blessed. Amen. He sanctified it. Amen. He tasted, and gave it to His disciples and holy Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it : for THIS IS Mv Blood of the New Testament, which IS SHED FOR YOU AND FOR MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS : do this in remembrance of Me. Peojyle. Amen. It is so. Priest. As often as ye shall cat of this Bread and drink this Chalice, ye shall set forth My ])eath and confess my Eesurrection, and remember Me until I come. 10. S. Basil (Syro-Jacobite.) For when He was about to go forth to His volun- tary and salutary Cross, in the night in whicli He was betrayed for the life and redemption of the world. He took bread in His holy, immaculate, pure, and spotless hands. He gave thanks, He blessed. He sanctified, He brake, and gave to His disciples and His holy Apostles, saying : Take, eat of this : for THIS IS My Body, which foe you and for many is BROKEN AND DIVIDED FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRES- SIONS, AND THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND FOR LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner also the Chalice of wine from the vine, after they had supped, He took, He APPENDIX 1. 199 mingled with water, He gave thanks, He blessed, He sanctified and tasted and divided to His discij)les and holy Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it : THIS IS THAT My BlOOD OF THE NeW TeSTAMENT, WHICH FOR YOU AND FOR MANY IS POURED FORTH AND SPRINKLED, FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, AND REMISSION OF SINS, AND FOR LIFE ETERNAL. Peojjle. Amen. Priest. For as often as ye do this, ye announce My Death, and celebrate the memory of My Burial and Resurrection, until I sliall come. Peo])li'. We announce Thy Death, Lord, and confess Thy Resurrection, and expect Thy Second Advent : let Thy mercies be upon all of us. * 11. S. Basil {Ethiopic). (') He took bread in His holy and pure hands, which are without pollution, and blessed and life-giving. He looked up to heaven unto Tliee, unto His Father, God and Loud of all, Wlio is above all. He gave tluinks, blessed, and brake, tasted, and gave unto His own. His holy disciples and His pure Apostles, and said to them : Take, eat of it, all of you ; this ijRKAi* IS My Jjody, which is huokkn for you kou thk remission of sin ; and thus makk co.mmemoration op Me. I'edjilc. Ameu. Priest. And in like manner the cup too after they had supped, He ininghid wjiter and wine, gave thanks, blessed and consecrated, tasted, and gave to His own, His holy disciples and His pure Apostles, and said to them : Take, drink of it, all of you ; This cup IS My Blood, which is shed rou you for thk pe- (*) Brit. Mus., Orient. '.16, fol. 113 b. 200 appendix i. mission of sin ; and thus make commemoration of Me. People. Amen. Priest. Whenever ye eat this bread and drink this cup, set forth My Death and confess My Resur- rection, and make commemoration of Me until I come. People. We set forth Thy Death. * 12. S. Celestine (Syro- Jacobite). (") He Who, when He was about to give completion to His dispensation in the flesh, on that evening, priestly and full of mysteries, in the upper-chamber, handed to His holy disciples the mystery of the mystic service of His sacrifice, when He had taken bread into His hands, holy and spotless and im- maculate, and showed (it) to Thee, God the Father ; and when He had given thanks. He blessed, con- secrated, brake, and gave to His disciples, the holy Apostles, saying : Take, eat of it, all of you ; this IS My Body, which, for your sake and that of many, is broken, and given for the remission of sins and FOR everlasting LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. And thus, over the cup too, when He had given thanks. He blessed, consecrated, (and) gave to His disciples, the holy Apostles, saying : Take, drink of it, all of you ; for this is My Blood OF the New Testament, which for you and for many IS shed, and given for the remission of sins and for life everlasting. People. Amen. Pnest. For whenever ye celebrate this service, (sj Brit. Mu8., Add. 14.493. APPENDIX 1. 201 for the preservation of your lives, ye perforin the commemoratiori of My Death and Kesiu-reotion until that I come. 13. S. Chrysostom. [See page 92.] * 14. S. Chrysostom {Ethlopic). (®) He took bread in His Hands, holy, and blessed, and pure, wbicli are without stain ; He looked up to heaven unto Thee, unto His Father, God and Lord of all, Who is above all. He ^i^ve thanks, blessed, and brake, and gave unto His disciples, and said to them : Tins is My Body, the food of RIGHTEOUSNESS, WHEREOF VERILY HE WHO EATS HATH EVERLASTING LIFE ; take. Cat of it, all of you. And similarly the cup too He mingled (with) water and wine, gave thanks, blessed and consecrated and gave to His disciples, and said to tlioni : This is My Blood, THE DRAUGHT OF LIFE, WHEREOF VERILY HK WHO DRINKS HATH EVERLASTING LIFE ; take, drliik of it, all of you ; a sign it is to you and to those after you ; and thus make commemoration of Me until I come ; and whenever ye are gathered together in My Name, set forth My Death and My Resurrection and My Ascension into heaven. 15. S. Chrysostom. I. (Syro- Jacobite). C] For in that night in wliicli Ih; Wiis liotrayed to death, for the life and salvation of tlii! world, He {«) Brit.Mus., Orient. 54.5, fol. 70 h ■ AM. 10,202 ; Bodloian, (7) Brit. Mua., Add. 14,690 ; 17,128; 17,220. 202 APPENDIX r. took bread into His holy hands, He looked up to Thee, God and Father, and gave thanks, He sanc- tified, and brake, and gave it to His disciples the holy Apostles, saying : Take, eat of it : for this IS TRULY My Body, which for you and for many is BROKEN AND GIVEN TO THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL. In like manner also, taking the Chalice after they had supped, He mingled it moderately and temper ately with wine and water, He gave thanks. He blessed, He sanctified, and gave it to the same His disciples, the holy Apostles, saying: Take, drink ye all of it : FOR this is truly My Blood, the same which for you AND FOR MANY IS POURED FORTH AND IS given FOR the remission OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL ' do this in remembrance of Me. For as often as ye shall eat this Bread, and drink this Chalice, ye shall set forth My Death, until I come. People {As in 18.) Notice: 1. the remarkable addition, <*•((/// My Body : truhj My Blood: as some of the Nestorians bold extremely unsound doctrine on the Blessed Eucharist, this likewise may be considered a protest against that. The date of this Litur;(y is only to be guessed from internal evidence : from which I should be disposed to consider it neither one of the ear- liest or latest : — perhaps of the 8th or 0th centuries. 2. Observe also the temperately and moderately, as applied to the mixed Chalice. IG. S. Chrysostom. II. [Sijro- Jacobite.) And in the nic^dit of His Passion He took bread into His holy hands, He blessed. He sanctified. He brake, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take, eat: This is My Body, which is gi\'en for the remission OF SINS, AND the NeW LiFE WHICH IS FOR EVER. In like manner also He took the Chalice, and blessed and gave to His disciples, and said : Take, APPENDIX I. 203 drink ye all of it : This is My Blood, which for YOU IS POURED FORTH FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANS- GRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND THE NeW Life which is for ever. And in the first place He commanded them, saying : As often as ye shall celebrate this Mystery of Gladness, ye shall com- memorate My Deatli and Resurrection, until I shall come. People. [A$ in 18.) 17. S. Clement. [See page 65.] 18. S. Clement [Sijro- Jacobite). Wlien therefore He was prepared, of His own free will, to taste of His Passion, to ascend tlie Cross and the place of suffering', and to undergo dcatli for the life of the whole world, in that evening in which He accomplished the consummation of mysteries and marvels, Ho took bread into His pure and holy hands, and giving thanks. He idcssed, and sanctilicd, aiul brake, and gave to them that were initiated in this His Mystery, His holy Apf)stlcs, saying : Take, and eat of it : because this is My JJody, which fou YOU IS HliOKKN AND GIVEN, FOU THE KOROIVENKSS OF ALT, THE KAITIfFUL, OF VEUY MANY FOR WHOM IT IS IMMOLATKI) AND DIVIDED, TO THE PROPITIA HON OF TRANS(;RESSI0N8, the RKMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL. Pcn]i1c. Amen. Pricsi. After that mystical supper, He mingled the Chalice of Life with wine and water, and raising His eyes to Thee, God and Father, He gave thanks, 204 APPENDIX I. blessed, sunctified, and gave to the band of His elect disciples and holy Apostles, and said : TakO; drink ye all of it : this is My Blood, which coNKiRMa THE Testament of My Death : which for you is POURED FORTH, AND FOR MANY IS GIVEN AND DRIDED, TO THE PROPITIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. When therefore ye shall communicate of this Bread, and shall use this Chalice of Life, ye shall make commemoration of My Death, and make memorial of My Piesurrection, until I shall come. People. We make memory, Lord, of Thy Death, we confess Thy Eesurrection, and we look for Thy Second Advent : we beseech from Thee mercy and grace : we pray for the redemption of our sins : let Thy mercies be upon us all. * 19. Cyriacus of Antioch (Syro- Jacobite). (') And when He had taken bread into His priestly hands. He looked up to heaven, gave thanks, blessed, consecrated, brake, and gave to His disciples, the holy Apostles, saying : Take, eat of it ; this is My Body, which is broken for you and for many, and GIVEN for the remission OF SINS, AND FOR LIFE EVER- LASTING. People. Amen. Priest. And in like manner, over the cup also, after the mystic supper, He mingled it in modera- tion with both wine and water, gave thanks, («) Brit. Mu8., Add. 14,690, fol. 106 b. APPENDIX 1. 205 blessed, consecrated, and gave to His disciples, the holy Apostles, saying : This is My Blood of THE New Testament, which is shed for you and for MANY, AND GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND FOR LIFE EVERLASTING. People. Amen. Priest. "Whensoever then ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye proclaim My Death and confess My liesurrection, until I come. 20. S. Cyril {Cojito-Jacohite). For Thine Only-Begotten Son our Lord God, the Saviour and Universal King Jesus Christ, in that night in which He gave Hiinself up that He might sutfer for our sins, before the death which by His own free will He undertook for us all. People. We believe. Priest. He took bread into His holy, immaculate, pure, blessed, and quickening hands, and looked up to heaven, to Tliec His God and Father, and the Lord of all, and gave thanks. People. Amen. Prirsl. And blessed it. People. Ainen. Priest. And sanctified it. Priest. And brake it, and gave it His holy dis- ciples and pure Apostles, saying : Take, eat yc all of it : FOR THIS IS My Body, whicu shall ijk broken FOR YOU, AND FOR MANY SHALL BE GIVEN FOR THE RE- MiHHioN OF sins: do this in rrmomlirance of Me. I'lople. Amen. Priest. In like manner also He mingled the Chalice after supper with wiue and water, and give thanks. People. Amen. 206 APPENDIX I Priest. And blessed it. People. Amen. Priest. And sanctified it. People. Amen. Priest. And tasted it, and gave it to His gloriona holy disciples and Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it : This is My Blood of the New Testament, WHICH for you is POfRKl) FORTH, AND FOR MANY SHALL BE GIVEN TO THE REMISSION OF SINS : do tliis in re- membrance of Me. People. Amen. Priest. For as often as ye shall eat of this Bread and drink of this Ciialice, announce My Death, and confess My Eesurrection, and keep My memory till I come. People. We announce Thy Death, Lord, and we confess Thy Eesurrection. Note. S. Cyril's is one of the most valuable of the second class of Liturj^es. From its sinj?iilar resemblance to, and in some res])ects its even more singular departure from, that of S. Mark, it is very probahh/ the real composition, or rather edition, of the Saint whose name it bears. 21. S. Cyril (Sijro-Jacobite). (») He then Ijefore His salutary Passion took bread iato His holy hands, and blessed, and brake, and gave it into the hands of His disciples, and said : This is My Body, which is broken for you and PBEPARES you AND MANY OF THE FAITHFUL TO LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. He also mingled with wine and water the Chalice of Life, and blessed it, sanctified it, and (e)13rit. MuB., Add. 11.193; 14,195; 14,690; 14,691; 17,12b. APPENDIX 1. ^01 gnve it to tlio band of His disciples, and said : This IS My Blood, which seals the Testament of My Death, and prepaees you and many of the faithful to eternal life. F topic. Amen. Priest. And -wlion He had made them partakers of holiness, and of the benefit of remission of sins, and of His Blood, He first commanded them and enjoined, When ye shall commiuiicate of this Bread and this Chalice, be mindful of, and celebrate the memory of My Death, and make its commemoration until I shall come. People, (as in 18.) * 22. S. Cyiul {Ethiopic). (1") In that night in which thcj' boti-aycd Him, He took bread in His Hiiiids holy and blessed, which are ■without stain ; He looked up to Heaven to Thee, to His Father ; f,'ave thaiiks, blessed, and brake, and said : Take, eat ; this ijread is My Body, WHICH IS imOKEN FOE YOU, AND IS GIVEN FOR THE RE- DEMPTION OF THE WHOLE WORLD THROUGH THE REMISSION OF SIN. And af,'uin, after they had supped. He took the cup, gave tlianks, blessed and consecrated, and said to His disciples: Take, drink ; this cup is My Blood of the New Testament, which is shed for YOU, FOR the ItEDEMPTION OF THE WHOLE WORLD THROUGH THE REMISSION OF SIN. 23. S. DiONYSius OF Athens {Si/ro-Jacohitc). (") And at the end and consummation of His dispen- sation, for our sakes, and before His salulary Cross, (•") Brit. Mns., Orient. .51.^, fol. 12i b. (»'; Brit. MuB., Add. ll.Oyo, fol. CG 6. 208 APPENDIX I. He took bread into His pure aucl holy hands, and looked to Thee, His God and Father, and, giving thanks, blessed, sanctified, brake, and gave to His disciples, tlie holy Apostles, saying, Take and eat of it : and believe (^'^) that This is My Body : the VERY SAME WHICH FOR YOU IS BROKEN AND GIVEN FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. In the same manner also over the Chalice, which He mingled with wine and water, He gave thanks. He blessed, He sanctified, and gave the same to His disciples and holy Apostles, saying: Take, drink yc all of it : and believe i^"-) that This is My Blood of the New Testament, which for you and for many is poured forth and given for the EXPIATION OF transgressions, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. And He gave to the whole company and congregation of the faithful, tlirough the same holy Apostles, this precept, saying. Do this in remem- brance of Me : as often as ye shall eat this Bread and drink that which is mingled in this Chalice, and shall celebrate this feast, ye shall commemorate My Death until I shall come. People. {As in 18.) Q^ This most presumptuous and unlawful alteration does not render the formula invalid, since it leaves the vital por- tion, This is My Body, This is My Blood, untouched. Tlio disposition, however, to interfere with the plain words of our LoKD, here manifested, led, as we shall presently see, to con- sequences more serious on some of the Syro-Jacobite Liturgies- APPENDIX I. 209 * 24. DiONYSius B.vk-Salibi {Sijro-Jacohlte). (") And when He had prepared Himself for the saving Passion, the bread which He took, He blessed, brake, and named it His holy Body for Ufe everlasting to those who receive it. And the cup, which He mingled with wine and with water, He blessed, and consecrated, and perfected it (into) His precious Blood for life everlasting to those who receive it. And when He had delivered this to His holy Apostles, He commanded them, saying, Thus do for My com- memoration until I come, (") 25. [S.] DioscoRus. I. {Ethiopic). In that night in which they betrayed Him, He took bread into His hands, holy, pure, and imniacu- late ; He looked up to Heaven, there, where His Father is. He gave thanks. He blessed and brake, and gave to His holy disciples and pure Aplif(l from the Kthiopic norm, whence the expression, thit bread, ia Imrrowed. [}") J5rit. MiiH.. Add. 14,091, fol. 104 a. ('*] An invalid formula. 210 APPENDIX 1. * 26. [S.J DioscoKUs. II. (Ethiopic). (^^) In that ni,Q;ht in which they betrayed Him, He took bread in His holy and blessed hands, which are without stain, He looked up to Heaven, to Thee, to His Father, gave thanks, blessed, and brake, and gave to His own, His disciples, to His disciples the holy, and to His Apostles the pure, and said to them : Take, eat ; this bread is My Flesh, which is broken FOR YOU FOR THE REMISSION OF SIN. And again, after they had supped. He mixed water and wine, gave thanks, blessed and consecrated, and handed to His disciples, to His disciples the holy, and to His Apostles the pure, and said to them : Take, drink ; THIS CUP IS My Blood, which is shed for yoi' fob THE redemption OF MANY. * 27. DioscoRus OF Alexandria {Syro- Jacobite), i^''') He Who, when He wished, in His dispensation as Saviour, before His life-giving passion, after He had feasted with His disciples on tlie Mosaic lamb, tooK the bread of life in His hands, pure and stainless and with blessings ; blessed it, and consecrated it, and handed to the Apostolic band, saying: Take, eat ; verily this is My Body, which for the sake OF the life of the world is broken and divided fob THE remission OF SINS AND FOR LIFE EVERLASTING. Peoj)le. Ameu, Priest. Similarly also, over the cup of life, when He had mingled it Avith wine and water moderately, and with His holiness. He blessed, and consecrated, and perfected, and handed it to His holy Apostles, Baying : Take, drink of it, all of you ; for in truth 5) Brit. Mus., Orient. 545, fol. 105 b. ifi) Brit. Mus., Add. 14,690, fol. 15o. ^ APPENDIX I. 211 THIS IS My Blood, which for the sake of the lip's OF TTIE WORLD IS SHED, AND DIVIDED FOR THE REIITSSION OF SINS AND FOR LIFE EVERLASTING. People, Amen. 28. [S.] DioscoRUS OF Cardu {Syro-Jacobtte). But in that ni,f,'ht in which He was prepared to .sufl'er for the life of creatures, He gave to us the pledge of life, and prepared for us the mystery of His holy Body and Blood : He took bread, after Ho had acconi])lishcd the Mosaic Pascha, and laid it upon His holy hands, in tlie sight of the hand and fellowship of His disciples, gave thanks to Thee, God the Father, ])lesscd, sanctified, brake it, and gave to the band of His twelve after He Himself had communicated, and said : Take, eat of it ; this IS My Body, which for the life of the world is BROKEN AND GIVEN FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRES- SIONS, and the remission of SINS. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner, after they had supped, He took the Chalice (jf Life, mingled it temperately with wine and water, gave thanks, blessed, sanctified it, and gave it also to the same band of holy Apostles, saying : Take, driuk yo all of it : this is My ]5r,f)0D OF THE New Testament, which for you is poured forth, AND PREI'ARETH YOU, AND MANY THAT BELIEVE, FOR ETERNAL LIFE. Pcnplv. Allien. Priest. And when ye shitll celebrate this quicken- ing and holy Mystery bolievc; and be cerfiiin tluit ye eat of My Body and live ; and drink of My Blood, to the expiation of transgressions, and the remission of sins. And when ye perform all those things, re- member and connnemorate My JJcath, Sepulture, and Kcsurrection, until I come. p 2 212 APPENDIX I, * 28. Eleazar ok Babylon ("), otherwise called Lazarus bar Sabta. (Syro-Jacobite). (^®) And wlien He Avislied to aid His creatures by means of His divine gifts, and destroyed the power of deatli by His dcatli — and this before His salutary Passion— He took bread into His pure and holy hands, and looked up to heaven, and shewed (it) unto Thee, God the Father. When He had given thanks, He blessed, consecrated, and brake, and gave to His disciples, the holy Apostles, and said : Take, eat of it ; THIS IS My Body, which is broken for you and ON ACCOUNT OF JMANY, AND GIVEN FOR THE EXPIATION OF OFFENCES AND THE REMISSION OP SINS, AND FOR LIFE EVERLASTING. People. Amen. Pricsi. In like manner, too, after they had supped, when He had mingled with wine and water, and given thanks, He consecrated, blessed, and gave to His disciiiles, the holy Apostles, and said :' Take, drink of it, all of you ; this is j\1y Blood of the New Testament, which is shed fob you and for MANY, and given FOR THE EXPIATION OF OFFENCES AND THE RKMISSION OF SINS, AND FOR LIFE EVERLASTING. This do for a remembrance of My Death, because, whenever ye eat this bread and drink the mixture which is in this cup, ye are accoraplisliing the memorial of My Death and Eesurrectiou until I come. (") [This writer is identical with Philoxenus of Bagdad, cited below by Dr. Neale ; but the Anaphora there given ia not identical with tliis one. — L.] (i»j Brit. Mus., Add. 14,690, fol. lU b. APPENDIX I. 213 * SO. S. Epiphaxius {Etliiopic). ('«) in that uight. the evening of Thursday to the dawning of Friday, when He had sat down in the house of Lazarus His friend, He took unleavened wheaten bread, of that which tlicy had brouglit to Him for supper, gave thanks, blessed, and brake, and gave to His own, His disciples, and said to them : Take, eat ; this bread is the commuxiox of My Body, which is broken for you. And again. He mingled the cup, wine with water, gave thanks, blessed, and consecrated, and gave to His own. His disciples, and said to them : Take, drink ; this cup IS My Ulood, which is shed for you. And let this rite be to you for the commemoration of My Death and My Kesurrcction. Observe the express mention of unleavened bread, peculiar to this Liturgy.] 8L S. Eustathius (Si/ro-Jacohite). (--) Who, when by J lis own free will, He went, as it were, a substitute for us sinners to death, took bread into His holy hands, He blessed, sanctified, l)rakc, and gave to His iioly disciples, and said : Take, eat of it ; This is My Body, which pricparkth you, and ALL the faithful THAT EECEIVE IT, FOR LIFE ETERNAL, PcDjilc. Amen. Prii'st. In like manner the Chalice which He had mingled of wine and water. He blessed. He sancti- fied, and gave to the same His holy disciples, and said : Take, drink of it ; This is My Blood, whhjh PBEPARETH YOU, AND ALL THE FAITHFUL THAT BECEIVE IT, TO LIFE ETERNAL. People. Ameu. (19) Brit. MuH., Orient. FA'), fol. Dl h. Bo.llrinn, xvii. {»>) But. .Mus., Aa.J. 1 [,l'JH; 11,0'Ji ; U,{i'J6 ; ll,7;;7 ; li,738. 214: APPENDIX I. Priest. Moreover, when ye shall celebrate this mystery, keep the memory of My Death, until I shall come. Feojde. {As in 18.) 32. S. Gregory [Copto-JacoUte). Priest. For in the night in which Thou didst will to be given up, by Thine own will and power. People. We believe. Priest. Thou takest bread into Thy holy, pure, spotless, blessed, and quickening hands, Thou didst look up to Thine own Father, our God, and the God of all, and Thou didst give thanks, Thou didst bless it. Thou didst hallow it, Thou didst break it, Thou didst distribute it to Thy glorious holy dis- ciples, and say to Thy pure Apostles, Take, eat. This is My Body, which is broken for you and SHALL BE given FOR MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS : do this in remembrance of Me. In like manner after they had eaten. Thou didst take the Chalice, and didst mingle it of the fruit of tJie vine and of water. Thou didst give thanks and bless it, and liallow it, and distribute it to Thy glorious holy disciples, saying to Thy pure Apostles, Drink ye all of it : This is My Blood of the New Testament, which for you is poured forth and is GIVEN FOR MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS : do this in remembrance of Me. For as often as ye eat this Bread and drink this Cup, ye shall set forth My Death, and confess My Resurrection, and make memorial of Me, until I come. People. Arnen. Amen. Amen. We announce Thy death, Lord, and set forth Thy resurrection. APPENDIX I. 215 *33. S. Gregory of Alexandria (Ethiopic). (^^) He took bread in His hands, who was pierced and who created om* father Adam ; pure is He, without siu, and clear is He, without fraud ; He gave thanks, blessed, and brake, and gave to His own, His disciples, and said to them : This is JMy Body, the food of righteousness, whereof verily he who eats shall live for ever and ever. and again. He looked upon this cup, the water of life with wine ; gave thanks, blessed and consecrated, and handed it to His own, His disciples, and said to them : This is My Blood, the draught of life, WHEREOF verily HE WHO DRINKS HATH EVERLASTING LIFE. Take, drink of it, all of you ; let it be to you for life and for salvation. * 34. S. Gregory op Armenia {Ethiopic). (**) Mingle, Lord, our humanity with Thy Divinity, Thy greatness with our humility, and our humility witli Thy greatness, that we may offer this ol'l'ering which Tiioii didst give to Thy disciples, saying : Take, eat ; this hread is My Body which is broken FOR YOU, AND IS GIVEN THAT SIN MAY liE REMITTED AND FOR EVERLASTING LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. And similarly, over the cup too, Thou didst speak to them, saying: Take, drink ; this cup IS My Ijlood, which is poured out for you, and is GIVKN THAT SIN MAY liK UICMITTED AND FOR EVER- LASTING LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. And thus make commemoration of Mo, f") Brit. Mu8., Orient. 545, fol. 101 6. («J Brit. Mu8., Orient. 5 io, fol. 120 6. 2i('» APPENDIX I. Thou diflst say to them, whenever ye eat this hrend and drink this cup, whilst ye set forth My death and whilst ye rise with My resurrection and helieve (in it). And make commemoration of Me with glory and praise and thanksgiving and honour. * 85. Gregory BAR-HEBRiEus [abu'lfara.j] {Sijro- Jacobite). (^) Frirsi. When then He had made ready to receive voluntary death for us sinners, He Who is without sin. He took bread in His holy hands, and when He had given thanks, He blessed, consecrated, and brake, and gave to His holy disciples, and said : Take, eat of it ; this is My BODY, WHICH FOR YOU AND FOR MANY IS BROKEN, AND GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS AND FOR EVERLASTING LIFE. Peo2)le. Amen. Pried. Similarly too as to the cup, when He had given thanks. He blessed, consecrated, and gave to His holy disciples, and said : Take, drink of it, all of you ; THIS IS My Blood, which for you and for many IS SHED, AND GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS AND FOB LIFE EVERLASTING. People. Amen. Priest. This do in commemoration of Me, (and) when ye communicate, remember (Me) until I come. ■■^' 8G. Gregory Bar-Hebr^eus. II. [Hyro-Jacohite). Who, when He had voluntarily fulfilled His whole dispensation, and had come to His voluntary, quickening, but unmerited Passion, gave us a great (^j Brit. Mub., Ada. 14,693, fol. 104. APPEKDrX 1. 217 type and hope of life, to wit, bread which was made His holy Body, He took it with His holy Hands before the eyes of the band of His devout disciples, and looking with uplifted eyes to heaven and gazing on Thee, God and Father, He gave thanks to Thee, blessed, hallowed, brake, and when He had eaten. He gave it to His holy disciples, and said : Take, oat of it ; Tins is My Body which is broken and DIVIDED FOR YOU AND FOR MANY BELIEVING IN Me, FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS AND THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND FUR NEW LIFE FOR EVERMORE. People. Amen. Priest. And the wine, which became His atonini; Blood, after tliat mystic supper, when He had moderately mingled it with water. He gave thanks, blessed, hallowed, and gave to the band of the holy Apostles, and said : Take, drink ye all of it ; This IS My Blood which is sukd and given for you and FOB many believing IN Me, FOR THE EXPIATION of transgressions, the remission of SINS, AND NEW LIFE FOR EVERMORE. People. Amen. Priest. And when He had delivered the Sacrament to the company of His Apostles, He enjoined them, and commanded them, saying, "Celebrate this Sacrament evermore, because, wlien ye sliall eat this bread, and drink what is mingled in this cu]). ye shall make conimomoration of My l)ealh and KesuiTcction until 1 come." * 87. S. Greooky Nazianzen {Syro- Jacobite). (■^') And when Ho had voluntarily made preparation for the saving i'assion, on the last night of the f«') Erit. llus.. Add. li.O'JO, fol. 70 a. 218 APPENDIX I. conclusion of his dispensation on our behalf, He took bread in His holy hands and shewed it unto Thee, God the Father, gave thanks, blessed, consecrated, brake, and distributed to His disciples the Apostles, saying : Take, eat of it ; for THIS IS My Body, which on your account, and on BEHALF OF MANY, IS BROKEN, AND GIVEN FOR THE REMIS- SION OF SINS AND FOR LIFE EVERLASTING. People. Amen. Priest. And SO regarding the Cup also. He gave thanks, after He and His disciples had rejoiced over the mystic table, with the offspring of the vine and with water He mixed it moderately, and blessed, and consecrated, and gave to Plis same disciples the Apostles, saying : Take, drink of it, all of you ; this is My Blood of the New Covenant, WHICH ON YOUR BEHALF, AND FOR MANY, IS SHED, AND GIVEN FOR THE REMISSION OP SINS AND FOR LIFE EVER- LASTING. People. Amen. Priest. Ye then, be ye so celebrating the memory of My Death, for when ye eat this Bread, and drink this Cup, ye make commemoration of Me and pro- claim My Death until I come. 38. Holy Doctors (Syro-Jacnhite). [This is vierehj a cento from the Liturgies held in most esteem by the Syro-Jacolntes. The Institution^ from the beginning down to This is My Blood of the New Testament, is from the Syriac S. James ; posterior to tluit,froiu the Syro- Jacobite S. Cyril.] 89. S. Ignatius of Antioch (Syro- Jacobite). (") "Who accomplished the whole salutary dispeusa- (*:) Brit. Mus., Add. 14.690 ; 14.691 ; 17,128 ; 17.229. APPENDIX I. 219 tion for us, and by His holy Passion demonstrated the verity of His advent in the Flesh. (2'^) For in the night of the Pascha in which He was betrayed for the life and salvation of the world, He took bread into His holy hands, He sanctified it, and brake, and gave to His disciples the holy Apostles, saying. Take, eat of it : This is My Body, which PREPAUETH YOU AXD MANY FOK THE REMISSION OF SINS AND ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner also, when He had mingled the Chalice of Life with wine and water, He sancti- lied it, and gave it to His holy disciples, saying, Take, drink ye all of it : This is My Blood, which FOR THE LIFE OF THE WOULD GIVE I, AND WHICH PRE- PARETH YOU AND MANY FOR THE REMISSION OF BINS AND LIFE ETFCRNAL. People. A men. Priest. Do tliis iu remembrance of Me : for as often as ye sliall cat this bread and drink this chalice, ye shall commemorate My Death, and con- fess My llesurrectiou until I come. Peopjle. (As in I'd.) 40. Ignatius Bar Wauu {or Vahib) (Si/ro-Jacobite). Priest. Who, when He had willed to taste the cup of death, tliat He iniglit comfort and confirm us mortals against death appointed for us by the law of miture, and to descend into the al)yss of them that are buried, that they miglit not be deprived of His quickening visitation ; in that night which was (») This expreHflion, clearly directed against the rhantnsiasti mfl othor heretics of a similar cliaracter, shew the conipara- live lateness of this Liturgy. 220 AfPENDlX I. of tlie beginning and of the end, {^'') He took perfect bread (-'') into His bauds full of benedictions, out of wbicli His holy Body was composed in the Virgin, who knew not the nuptial couch, before His friends : giving thanks, He blessed, He sanctified, and brake it, and divided it into parts, and gave it to His twelve companions, and said : Take, eat : This is My Flesh, wincii for you, and for many LIKE YOTJ, is broken, SANCTIFIED, AND GIVEN FOR THE ABOLITION OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner, having raised His eyes to heaven, signifying that His Will was one with that of His Father and His Holy Spirit, as if to confirm the verity of His voluntary Death, for the salvation of His image which lay in corruption. He took also the Chalice of Life, which He had mingled with wine of gi-ape and natural water, according to due measure, after they had feasted on the Sacraments, and gave thanks, blessed, sanctified, and in like manner reached it forth to His friends, and said. Take and drink each from the hand of the other : FOR THIS IS My living Blood which is poured forth FOR THE HUMAN RACE THAT BELIEVE IN Me, FOR THE ABOLITION OF FOLLIES AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. And wlien He had Himself accomplished this in His person. He enjoined them in His com- mandments, and said, As often as, being in union (25) That is, the beginning of the New and the termination of tlie Old Passover. ('*) That is, leavened bread ; a clear proof that this Liturgy is not older than the time of Photius. Ignatius Bar Vahib filled the Jacobite throne of Antioch from his election in 12'J3 till his death in 1332. Assemani. Lib. Orient. iii. 461. APPENDIX I, 221 among yourselves, ye are joined together by these things, keep the memory of My voluntary Death, make commemoration of My salutary Resurrection, and exi^ect my Advent until My coming again. People. {As in 18.) 41. S. James (Orthodox), [See page 30.] 42. S. James (Syro-Jacuhitc). [This is the same as the last, irith one or two verbal differences not uortli 7iotice.] 43. S. JA!\rES (the shorter ; Sjjro- Jacobite). [Abbreviated by Gregory, Catholic of the Easty in the year 1591. J Priest. And when He was prepared to undergo voluntary Deatli for us siniicrs, He Who had done no sin, He took bread into His holy hands, and gave thanks, l)hjsscd, sanctified, and brake, and gave to liis Indy Apostles and said : Take, eat of it : This is My Bodv, which fou you and for many is r,noke\ and given for tue remission of sins and life ETERNAL. People. AmtlJ. Priest. In like manner also He took tho chalice and gave thanks, blessed, sanctified, and gave to tlie same His holy Apostles, saying, Take, drink yo all of it : Tins is My Blood, wnicii fok you and for MANY IS poured FORTH AND GIVEN FOU Tin; REMISSION of SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. priest. Do this in remembrance of Me : when ye 222 AVPENDIX U Bliall communicate in this mystery, commemorate My Death and My Resurrection until I come. PeoiAe. {As in 18.) 44. James BARAOiEUS. (-') {Si/ro-Jacohite.) Priest. Who, when He had accomplished all Hia salutary dispensation, above the condition of human nature, Himself, God the Word Incarnate for our sakcs : in that night in which it was to be that He should suffer voluntarily. He took common bread into His holy hands, and giving thanks. He blessed. He sanctified and brake, and gave to His Apostolic band, and said to them : Tins is My Body ; take, AND EAT OF IT, BECAUSE WITHOUT ANY DOUBT IT IS BROKEN FOR THE LIFE OF THE WORLD, AND SHALL BE TO YOU, AND TO ALL THAT BELIEVE IN Me, FOR THE PRO- PITIATION OF OFFENCES, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. And after they had supped, He took the chalice mingled with wine and water into His pure hands, and giving thanks, He blessed, He sanctified, and gave to His disciples, and said to them : This IS My Blood of the New Testament ; take, drink YE ALL OF IT ; FOR WITHOUT DOUBT IT IS POURED FORIH for the LIFE OF THE WORLD, AND SHALL BE TO YOU AND OF ALL THAT SHALL BELIEVE IN Me, FOR THE PROPITIA> TION OF OFFENCES, THE REMISSION OP SINS, AND ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. (») The celebrated heretic from whom the sect of the Mono- physites derive the more usual name of Jacobites. He flourished in the sixth century ; but the Liturgy which goea under his name is of far later date. ' APPENDIX J, 223 Priest. As often therefore as ye shall eat this bread aud drink this cup, ye sliall commemorate My Death and Eesurrection until I come. Peojjle. {As in 18.) 45. James of Edessa [Syro-Jacnhite.) ('") Priest. When therefore He was eating that legal Lamb, which was the type of the Heavenly Lamb, with His holy disciples, and v.illed to deliver us from corporal sacrifices of lambs, of bulls, and of kids, and to raise us to more worthy sacrifices, celestial and divine mysteries, — in that evening, in which He was about to give Himself up to be a Sacrifice for us, Ho took bread into His holy hands, free from all stain, and raising His eyes to heaven, to Plis Father, He gave thanks. He blessed. He brake, Ho ate, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take, eat of it : Tins is My Body, which for the LIFE of creatures IS BROKEN AND DIVIDED FOR THE remission of sins AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. In like maimer He temperately mingled the cup with wine and water. He gave thanks over it, after He had supped with His disciples in the mystical table, He blessed, He sanctified, and reached fortli to His holy Apostles, and said : This IS My Blood, which I pour forth for the life of THK WOULD, AND WHICH PRKPARKTH, FOB THEM THAT BELIEVE IN Me, eternal LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. This do as often as ye shall eat this Body (») Brit. Mu8., Add. 14,691, fol. 74 a- 224 ArrENDix i. and drink this Chalice : keep memory of My Death till I shall come. People {As in 18.) * 4G. James of Skrug or Batn^ (Ethiopic). (") Thou didst take hroad in Thy holy hands, that Thou mi,L;htest give it to Thy holy disciples. Thou Who didst then hless. Who art with glory, bless now this bread. Thou Who didst then break, Wlio art witli blessing, break now this bread. And again, Thou didst mix the cup of wine with water, that Thou mightest give it to the pure Apostles. Thou who didst consecrate then, consecrate now this cup. Thuu Who didst hand then, hand now this cup. Thou Who didst unite then, unite now this bread to this cup. Let it be Thy Flesh and Thy Blood. H 47. James of Serug [Syro -Jacobite). (") Priest. And when He was prepared to suffer. He left us a commemoration of Himself. For in that evening in which were accomplished all the mys- teries of the type, and the miracles, in that night in which Ho was betrayed for the life and salvation of the world, taking bread into His holy hands, He looked up to Thee, God the Father, He gave thanks. He blessed. He brake, and gave to the assembly of His disciples, and said to them. Take, eat of it : Tms is My Body, which for you and for (31) Brit. Mus., Orient. 545, fol. 108 &; Add. 16,202; Bodleian, xvii. 4. (32) This is one of the invalid forms, as there is no recitation of the words of institution. (»j Brit. Mus., Add. 14,690, 14,692, 17.229. APPENDrx 1. 225 MANTIS BROKEN AND GIVEN FOB THE REMISSION OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amcu. Priest. In like manner, after they had supped, He mingled also the Chalice of Life, of wine and water, and sanctified, and gave to the assembly of His disciples, and said to them, Take, drink ye all of it : This is the Chalice of the New Testament IN My Blood, which for you and for many is poured FORTH and given FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS AND LIFE eternal. People. Amen. Priest. As often as ye sliall eat tliis Broad and drink this Chalice, ye shall set fortli My Death and Eesurroction till 1 come. People. {As in 18.) 48. John Bar-Maadan {Syro-Jacohitc). Priest. But when He had accomplishrd and ful- filled in Ilinisolf the figiiroH and sIkkIuws of the ancient law, as the Lord of both Testaments, and willed to take away from the eyes of the Apostolic band the typical veil of prophecy, and to bear witness that that true Body which of old was obscurely, and as it were afar off, prefigured, was now in a certain excellent manner close at hand ; in that night which destroyed the night of sin and death ; in that very night in which He was about to celebrate this religions sacrifice as a Priest for the expiation of the whole world ; Ho took bread into His holy hands which created the world, and raised His calm face to the height of lieaven, to the Father, and giving thanks. He bloHsed, and brake, and ate, and gave to the conip.'uiy of His holy Apostles, and said : Take, cat of it : Tins is Q 226 appendix i. My true Body, which for the life and salvation of the whole human race is broken and given for the expiation of transgressions and life ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. Thus also He mingled the Chalice mysti- cally of wine and water, after He had refreshed them at the Table of Life, He gave thanks, He blessed. He sanctified, and gave to the band of the holy Apostles, and said : Take, drink ye all of it : This IS My living Blood of the New Testament, which IS poured forth for the salvation of the whole world, and which prepareth those that believe in M>; to life eternal. People. Amen. Priest. And again He admonished them, saying, As often as ye are gathered together and break this Eucharist, ye shall keep and renew the commemo- ration of My voluntary Death and Eesurrection and shall not suffer it to pass into oblivion until 1 come. People. (As in 18.) * 49. John Bar- Susan (Syro-Jacobite). (") And before the voluntary passion of the Word God, He took in His divine hands simple bread and wine that (was) mingled moderately with water, blessed, and consecrated, and brake, and handed it to the band of the twelve, saying : Take, use (it) ; and when of these ye eat and drink, believe that they are Mj' Body and Blood, which I give for the salvation of tlie world, and they shall be to you, and through you to the whole world, for the com- («J Brit. MuB., Add. 14,693, fol. 94 a. APPENDIX 1. 227 meinoration of My Burial aud Eesuirectiou, uutil that I cojne. {^) 60. John of Bassora {Si/ro-Jacohite). (^) Priest. He then, the Prince of the lieveiation ot our good things, on that evening of His voluntary groaning, exj)laining by these quickening aud easily- to-be-handled Elements, this Mystery which cannot be expressed in words, He took bread into His holy hands, and as the High Priest and Apostle of our confession, rendering thanks for us. He gave thanks. He blessed, He sanctified, He brake, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take, eat of it : This is My Body, which fop. you and for many is broken and divided for thk expiation of transgressions, and life eternal. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner also, when He had mingled the Chalice with wine and water, lie blessed, He sanctified, and divided to His discii)le8, saying : Take, drink ye all of it : This is Mv ]5lood of the New Testament, which for you and for many is poured forth and given for the rkmission of sins and eternal life. People. Amen. Priest. This, saith He, do in remembrance of Me : for I say unto you that I will be in the midst of you, and will give holiness to those rites which shall be accomplished : for be that cat»;th My Body, and di-inketh My ]5lood, dwelleth in Me and I in him ; and as I live through the Father, so also he (») An invalid formulii. ("•( Brit. Mus., Add. 11,525. Q 2 228 APPENDIX I. that eateth Me, shall live through Me. Eeceiving, therefore, this mystical institution, according to the disposition of Thy laws, God the Word, we have prepared Bread, and have mingled the Chalice — commemorating over them all Thy dispensation, fi-om the first assumption of our flesh, which took place in a moment and in the twinkling of an eye, even to the Passion, the Death, the Cross, and the Eesurrection worthy of God ; with a pure heart, and with one voice, according to that Thy divine precept, Ye shall set forth My Death and confess My Eesurrection until Mine Advent. People. {As in 18.) * 51. S. John the Evangelist [Ethiopic). (•'^) He took bread in His holy and blessed hands, a marriage-gift for Thy spouse, and a divorce for lier whom He left, the Synagogue. He gave thanks, blessed, and brake, and gave to His disciples, and said to them : This is My Body, the food op RIGHTEOUSNESS, WHICH VEKILY HE WHO EATS SIIALIi NOT DIE, AND HE WHO TAKES SHALL NOT PERISH. Take, eat of it, all of you. And similarly He praised (God) over the Cup too, and said : This Cup is My Blood of the New Testament : take, drink of it, all of you. A wondrous sign it is to all those who worship Him, a bar of judgment to the crucifiers, which is written with His Blood, and sealed with His Cross, and signed with His Death, for ever- lasting life, whereby sin is forgiven. And thus make commemoration of Me when ye are gathered together. (»7) Brit. Mu8., Orient. 545, fol. 67 ; Add. 16,202 ; Bodleian, xvii. 1. APPENDIX I. 229 82. S. John the Evangelist [Syro-Jacohite). f®) Fih'st. And when, by His own free-will, He had come to His salutary Passion for our salvation, He took bread into His holy hands, before the eyes of tlie band of His disciples ; He looked up to heaven, Ho gave thanks. He blessed, and sanctified. He brake, and gave to His holy Apostles, and said : Take, eat of it : This is My Body, which for you AM) for all that believe IN Me IS BROKEN AND IJIVIDED FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND THE LIFE TO COME THAT IS FOB EVERLASTING. People. Amen. Priest. And after that His mystical supper, He also received the Chalice of wine and water, and gave thanks over it and blessed, sniictiiifd, and gave to the band of His Ajjostles, and said to them : This is the Chalice of My Blood of the New Testament : take, drink ye all of it : this is shed forth for the life of the world, for the expia- tion of transgressions, the remission of sins to ALL that believe IN Me FOR EVER AND EVER. I'rople. Ainon. I'lient. Tlius sluiU ye do in remembrance of Me ; for as often as ye shall eat this Sacrament, and shiill drink this Blood, ye shall set forth My Death till I come. People. {As in IB.) [Observe in thiH Liturgy the remarkable transposition of tlio two cliiUHea regarding the Chalice — " This is the Chalice," and "Take, drink ye all of it."] (») Brit. Mu8., Add. ll.f.'.lO ; 14,Cy3 ; 14.G94 ; 14,738, 17,229. 230 APPENDIX 1. 58. John Maeo [Syro- Jacobite). [TMs Liturgy has not been -pn-blislied, nor have I been able to j^rocure it.] 54. John the Scribe {Syro -Jacobite). Priest. For our Lord Jesus Christ Himself, whcu it was about to be that He was to undergo a volun- tary death for us ssiuners, Himself free from sin, He took bread into His holy and immaculate hands, and looked up to Thee, God and Father, and giving thanks, He blessed, and sanctified, and brake, and gave to His disciples who were to be initiated in His mystery, and said : Take, eat of it : This is My Body, which for you and for many is broken, AND given for THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE remission of SINS, AND ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. Thus also the Chalice, which He had mingled of wine and water ; giving thanks, Ho blessed. He sanctified, and gave to His holy dis- ciples, and said : This is My Blood ; take, and DRINK YE ALL OF IT ; THIS IS POURED FORTH FOR THE LIFE OF THE WOlilJ), FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRES- SIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LH'E ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. And when ye shall accomplish this mystical ministry, according to My doctrine, for the salvation of your life, and shall eat this Bread and drink this Chalice, ye shall ^^et forth My Death, and confess I\ry Besurrection, until I shall come. People. [As in 18.) APPENDIX i. 231 65. S. Julius {Syro-Jacubitt). (^^) Priest. In that last evening in which He was about to give Himself up for the life and salvation of the world, He took bread into His hoi}' hands, and blessed, and brake, and gave to His lioly disciples, and said : Take, eat of it : This is My Body, the VERY SAME WHICH FOR YOU AND FOR MANY IS GIVEN FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner also. He gave thanks over the Chalice, Ho blessed, He sanctified, and gave to His disciples, the holy Apostles, and said: Take, drink ye all of it : This is ]\Iy Blood of the New Testament, which for you and for many is given fob the expiation of transgressions, and remission op sins, and eternal life. People. Amen. Priest. For as often as ye shall celebrate this mystery, ye shall accomplish the commemoration of My Death and Resurrection, until I shall come. People. {As in 18.) 50. S. Mark {Orthodox). [See page l.j 67. S. Mark {Syro-Jacohite). (*") Priest. When therefore He, for our sake, had come to His Passion in the flesh, by His grace, He (») Brit. Mu8., Add. 14,4;»:i ; 14,490 ; 14,090 ; 14,694; 17,229. ('«) Hrit. Mns., Add. 14,092 ; 14.094 ; 17,229 232 APPENDIX I. in Whom sin was not fuiiud, took bread into His lioly liands, and looked up to heaven, and gave thanks, and blessed, and sanctified, and brake, and said to His disciples : This is My Body ; take, eat, FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS OF YOUESELVES, AND OF ALL THE TRUE FAITHFUL, AND FOR ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner also, mingling the Chalice of wine and Avater, Ho blessed and sanctified, and gave to His disciples, and said : This is My Blood OF THE New Testament ; take, drink ye all of it, FOR the remission OF SINS, OF YOU AND OF ALL THE TRUE FAITHFUL, AND FOR ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. And when ye shall accomplish these My precepts, ye shall set forth My Death and Resur- rection, until I come. People. [As in 18.) 68. S. Maruthas (Syro-Jacohite). (^) Priest. And in that last night in which it was ordained that He should save the world, and should seal and fulfil the law, and should, at the same time, begin the New Testament, and should teach to those that were saved by Him the doctrine full of life ; He took leavened bread into His pure hands, and giving thanks to the Father, He blessed, He sanctified, He brake and divided to His disciples, and 8 lid : Take, eat : believe and be certain, and thus preach and teach, that This is My Body, which FOR the salvation OF THE WORLD, IS BROKEN, AND TO (-1) Brit, Mus., Add. 14,094, fol. 64 o. Ax'PEXDlX I. 233 THEM THAT EAT IT AND BELIEVE IN Me, GIVETH EXPIA- TION OF SINS, AND ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. Continning iu like manner, He took also the wnne, and when He had mingled it in just pro- portion with water, He blessed, He sanctified, and gave it to the same disciples, and said : Take, drink ye all of it, and believe and be certain, and thus preach and teach, that Tins is My Blood, which FOR THE SALVATI(JN OF THE WOULD IS POURED FORTH, AND TO THEM THAT DRINK IT AND BELIEVE IN Me, GIVETH EXPIATION OF SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. And while making them partakers of His Body and His holy lilood, He taught them with His holy doctrine, saying : As ye have seen Me do, thus do and teach ye in the never-to-be-forgotten commemoration of My dispensation, and to the salvation of your life. Believe also My Kesurrec- tioii, hope in Me, and at the same time expect My Advent, until I come. People. {As in 18.) 6 J. Malauar, nrl(ilnaUij Nestorian. [See page 1 JC] * GO. S. Mauy {F.ihiuj.ic). («) In it [viz., in that niglit] Jehus Christ took Bread in His holy, and blessed, and pure hands, which are without stain, He looked up to heaven, to His Father, and implored mercy of His parent, and (*2) Brit. Mu8. Orient. .54.5. fol. C3 b ; Bodleian, xvii. 8. 284 APPENDIX 1 commenflcd (to Tlim) His disciples, that, Ho might guard th(_ni from all evil. He blessed, whilst it is blessed, He brake, whilst it is holy, and gave to His disciples, and said to them : Take, eat ; this Bread IS My Body, which is given for you and for the REDEMPTION OF THE WHOLE WORLD. Aiid similarly the Cup too, after they had supped, He looked up and said : Take, drink ; this cup is My Blood, which FOR you the speak SHALL SHED. Aud wllCH yC do this, ye shall make commemoration of My Death, and commemoration of My Eesurrection ye shall set forth. 61. Matthew the Shepherd (Syro-Jacohite). (*') Priest. And when He willed to give a New Testa- ment, by which the Old should be abolished. He took leavened bread, in which the mystery of life was concealed, and earnestly looking to Thee, Father, He gave thanks. He blessed. He sanctified, He brake, and gave to them that were lying at His sui)per, saying : Take, eat of it : This is My Flesh, WHICH FOR ALL THE FAITHFUL THAT ADHERE TO Me IS DIVIDED, THAT IT MAY BE EATEN FOR THE EXPIATION OP TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. Deacon. In like manner also. He took the Chalice of Life, which He had temperately mingled with the fruit of the vine and water, and gave thanks, blessed, sanctified, and gave also to them that were initiated in His mystery, and exhorted them that all should communicate of it, and declared that in it should be salvation to them that drink it, when they use it in a pure conscience, to the expiation («j Brit, Mus., Add. 14.093. APPENDIX I. 235 of transgressions, the remission of sins, and eternal life. People. Amen. Priest. He adjoined also an admonition and declaration, saying: As often as ye shall be partakers- of the Mysteries, ye shall celebrate the memory of My Death and Kesurrection until I come. People. [As in 18.) [Observe that, valid, though much corrupted, in the first part of the Institution, this formula is invalid in the second.] 62. Michael of Antioch {Syro- Jacobite). Priest. And He thus accomplished our salvation by His Divine dispensation, and set forth, accom- plished, pointed out and taught, these Mysteries full of life. Taking bread into His holy Jiands, He blessed it, sanctified it, brake, and gave to His Apos- tles, and by their hands to the entire Holy Catholic Church, saying: This is My Body, which for you IS BROKEN, AND GIVEN FOB THE EXPIATION OF OFFENCES, TIIK REMISSION OF SINS, AND THE NeW LifE THAT IS TO COME. People. Amen. Priest. Together also with the Bread, He took the Chalice, when Ho had first niinghd with wine and water, He blessed it, He siinctified it, and com- mended it by the hands of His Apostles to His Churcli, saying : This is My Blood, which for yoi IS GIVEN, TO THE EXPIATION OF OFFENCES, THE REMIS 8I0N OF SINS, AND THE NeW LiFE THAT IS TO COME. People. Amen. Priest. Ye shall pcrpotuiilly make tliis conmiemo ration of My Death and Kesurrection, until I shall come. People. (As in 18.) 236 APPPENDIX J. 63. Moses Bar-Cephas (Syro-Jacobiu). (") Priest. And in the evening of His salutary Pas- sion, He ate and abrogated the legal Lamb : then He took bread into His holy hands, and looked up to Thee, God the Father, giving thanks : He blessed and sanctified, and brake and gave to His holy disciples, saying : Take, eat of it : This is My Body, which for all that believe in Me is broken AND divided for THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner He took the Chalice, tem- perately mixed of wine and water, and giving thanks. He blessed and sanctified, and gave to His holy disciples, and all His Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it : This is My Blood, which for YOU, AND for them THAT BELIEVE IN Me, IS POURED FORTH AND GIVEN, AND WHICH PREPARETH ALL THEM THAT RECEIVE IT FOR LIFE ETERNAL. People. Amen. Priest. As often as ye shall thus accomplish these things, believe and be certain that ye eat My Body and drink My Blood, and keep ye memory of My Death and Sepulture and Kesurrection, until I shall come. People. (As in 18.) 64. Mozarabio. Priest. Our Lord Jesus Christ in the same night in which He was betrayed, took bread ; and when He had given thanks. He blessed, and brake, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take, and eat : This IB My Body, which shall be given for you. As '") Brit. Mus., Add. 14,692. APPENDIX I, 237 often as ye shall eat, this do in rememhrance of Me. In like manner also, the Chalice, after He suj^ped, saying : This is the Chalice of the New Testa- ment IN My Blood, which fob you and foe many SHALL BE POURED FORTH FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS ; as often as ye drink, do this in remembrance of Me. People. Amen. Priest. As often as ye shall eat this Bread and drink this Chalice, ye shall set forth the Death of the Lord, until He come in glory from heaveji. People. Amen. 66. Narses THE Leper (Nestorian). [This Liturgy I cannot procure.] 66. Nestorius (Nestorian). Priest. For wlicu tho time liad conio in wl)icli Ila was betrayed for the life of the world, after lie luul supped on the Passover of the Mosaic law, He took bread into llis lioly, iminaculalo, and unpoHiited hands : He blessed, and brake, and ale, and gave to His disciples, and said: Take, eat ye all of it : Tuia IS My Body, which for you is ihioken for the remission OF sins. In like manner also He mingled the Chalice of wine and water, and blessed, and drank, and gave to IFis disciples, iiiid said : Drink ye all of it : Tins IS My Blood of the New Testament, wuiou for biany is poured forth for the remission of sins ; and this do ye in remembrance of Me, until I sliall come. For as often as yc shall eat of this Bread, and drink of tliis Clialice, ye shall set forth My Death, until My coming. -288 APPENDrs I. 67. Nonjurors. And when His hour was come to otfer the pro- pitiatory sacrifice on the Cross, when He Who had no sin Himself, mercifully undertook to suffer death for our sins ; in the same niglit that He was hetrayed, He took bread : and when He had given thanks, He brake it, and gave it to His disciples, saying : Take, eat : This is My Body, which is given for YOU : this do in remembrance of Me. People. Amen. Likewise, after supper, He took the Cup, and when He had given thanks. He gave it to them, saying : Drink ye all of this : for this is My Blood OF THE New Testament which is shed for- you and FOR MANY for TIIK REMISSION OF SINS : do this, aS oft as ye shall drink it, in remembrance of Me. People. Amen. G8. Our Lord Jesus Christ. T. {Ethiopic.) Priest. In the same night in which He was betrayed, He took bread into His blameless hands, full of blessings, and looking up to heaven to Thee, His Father and our Father, He blessed. He sancti- fied. He brake, He ate, He gave to His disciples, saying : Take, cat ye all of it : This ijread is My Body, which is given for you and for many for the REMISSION of sins. People. Amen, Amen, Amen. We believe and are certain. Priest. In like manner, He took the Chalice, He blessed, He sanctified. He received, and said : Drink ye all of it: This is the Chalice of My Blood, which is shed for you and for many. People. Amen, Amen, Amen. APPENDIX 1. 239 * 69. Our Lord Jesus Christ. II. {Ethiojjic.) (*^) In that night in which they delivered Him up, He took bread in His holy and blessed hands, which are without stain, He gave thanks, blessed, and brake, and handed to His discijiles, saying : Take, eat ; this bread is My Body, which is broken for YOU for the REiiisgiON of sins ; and when ye do this, make commemoration of Me. And similarly the Cup of wine, Thy mixing, giving thanks, bless- ing, and consecrating, and Thou gavest to them ; verily this is Thy Blood, which was poured out for our sins. {*^) . 70. S. Peter. I. {Si/ro-Jncohitc.) Priest. And when He was preparing that banquet of His Body and holy Blood, imparting it to us, and near was His salutary Passion, He took bread in His immaculate liauds, and lifted it uji, and vouch- safed to bestow on it His visible aspect and insen- sible benodiclion, and Itlcssed it, and sanctilied it, and gave it to the disciples. His Apostles, and said : Let these mysteries be the support of your journey ; and whenever ye eat this in the way of food, believe and be certain that Tjiis is My Body, which for YOU AND FOR MANY IS JJROKEN AND IS GIVEN FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIFE ETEKNAL. People. Amen. Prieni. in like manner the Chalice also ; after He had supped. He mingled wine and water, and blessed, and sanctified, and gave to the discijplcs, ^«) Brit. Mns., Orient. 545, fol. 56 b. (*") Tlie latter jmrt of this formula is invali'l. and there is no lionsecration of the Cup. 240 APPENDIX I. His Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it ; for Tms IS My Blood of the New Testament, which for YOU AND FOR MANY IS POURED AND GIVEN FOR THE PARDON OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND ETERNAL LIFE. People. Amen. Priest. And that they might receive the most sweet fruit of that divine operation, He commanded them after this fashion : As often as ye shall be gathered together, keep memory of Me, and eating this offered Bread, and drinking that which is prepared in this Cup, ye shall do it in remem- brance of Me, and shall confess My death, until I come. 71. S. Peter. II. [Syro Jacobite.) Priest. Who, when He willed to taste death, and was accomplishing the Pascha in the evening. He took bread into His hands. He blessed. He sanctified and brake, and gave to the company of the holy Apostles, and said. Take and eat, for the remission of sins and life eternal. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner, mingling the Chalice of wine and water, He blessed, sanctified, and said to them. Take, and drink ye all of it, for the remission of sins and life eternal. People. Amen. Priest. This He commanded and admonished them. That as often as ye shall accomplish these mysteries, ye shall commemorate My Death and Resurrection until I come. People. [As in 15.) [This is one of the liturgies which is invalid from thft omission of the words, This is My Body, This is My Blood. It is one of the shortest of all the Syro-Jacobite office** APPENDIX I. 241 ftod perhaps the composer ignorantly thought that the Invocation of the Holt Ghost, which is singularly plain and expressive, might, by itself, avail for the transmuta- tion of the Elements. He might also wish to express his dissent from the Latin practice of entirely omitting the Invocation. Some copies of this Litm-gy have the words inserted by a later hand.] 72. Philoxenus ob* Bagdad ^Syro-Jacobite), Priest. But, desiring to assist the work of His hands by His gifts, and to destroy the dominion of death by His own death : He, before His sahitary Passion, took bread into His pure, immaculate, and unspotted hands, and looked up to Thee, God the Father ; and giving thanks. He blessed, sanctifted, brake, and gave to His disciples and holy Apostles, saying: Take, eat of it: This is My Body, that SAME WHICH FOR YOU IS BROKEN AND GIVEN, FOR THE F.XPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIKE ETERNAL TO THE.M THAT RECEIVE IT. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner also, after they had sup- ped, mingling tlie Chalice with wine and water, and giving thanks, He blessed. Ho sanctified, and gave to the same His disciples and holy Apostles, say- ing : Take, drink ye all of it : This is My Blood OF THE New Testament, that same which for you AND for many is POURED FORTH AND GIVEN FOR THE EXPIATION OF TRANSGRESSIONS, THE REMISSION OF SINS, AND LIKE ETERNAL TO TUEM THAT RECEIVE. People. Amen. Priest. Do this in remembrance of Me ; for as often as ye shall cat this J3rcad and drink tliis Chalice, ye shall set forth My death, until I shall come. People. {As iu 18.) B 242 APPENDIX I. 73. Philoxenus op Mabug. I. [Syro-Jacohite.) Priest. And wlicu He willed of His own free will to taste death for us, and to accomplish the legal Passover, He took bread into His holy hands, and lifted up His eyes to Thee, God the Father; He gave thanks, He blessed, He sanctified, He brake, and gave to the order of His holy Apostles, and said : This is My Body, which foe you and fob MANY IS BROKEN AND DIVIDED, FOE THE REMISSION OP SINS AND LIFE ETERNAL. Pcojjle. Amen. Priest. In like manner He also mingled the Chalice of wine and water. He gave thanks. He blessed. He sanctified, and gave to the company of His holy Apostles, and said : Take, drink ye all of it : This IS My Blood, which for you and for many is poured forth for the remission of sins, and life eternal. Peojjie. Amen. Priest. Thus also He commanded and admonished them : As often as ye shall celebrate these Mysteries, ye shall do it to commemorate My Death and Piesur- rection, until I shall come. People. (As in 18.) 74. Philoxenus of Mabug. II. (Syro-JacnUte.) Priest. Who, when He had accomplished all His dispensation, salutary and full of life, and had exhi- bited \ii'tues and miracles to all creatures, and had m all places destroyed the power of the Eebel and Seducer, and coming to His salutary Passion through love to us men. He had eaten that legal Lamb with the company of His disciples ; taking bread into His pure, holy, immaculate and unpolluted hands, raising His eyes to heaven, He looked up to Thee, God the Fatheb, and gave thanks, blessed, saucti- APPENDIX I. "TiiB fied, brake, and gave to His holy disciples, saying : Take, eat of it : This is My Body, which peepareth YOU AND MANY F/VITHFUL TO LIFE ETEENAL. People. Amen. Priest. In like manner also He took the Chalice, tempered with -wine and water, and gave thanks, blessed, sanctified, and gave to the same disciples, His Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it : This is My Blood of the New Testament, which peepareth you and many faithful to life eiernai,. People. Amen. Priest. And ever do this in remembrance of Me : for as often as ye shall eat this Bread and shall drink this Chalice, ye shall make memory of My Death and announce My Resurrection, until I come. People. (^As in 18.) 75. Roman. Priest. Wlio, tlic day before He suffered, took bread into His lioly and venerable liaii'ls : and having lifted up His eyes to licavcn, to Thee His Father God Almighty, He blessed, He brake, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take and eat ye all of this : Fob this is My Body. In like manner after they supped, takijig also this glorious Chalice into His holy and venerable hands ; also rendering thanks to Thee, He blessed and gave to His disciples, saying : Take, niid drink ye all of it : For this is the Chalice of My Blood, OF tiik New and Eternal Testament, the Mystery OF i''AITU : WHICH FOR YOU AND FOR MANY SHALL HE POURED FORTH FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. As oftoil as yc do these things, ye shall do them in memory of Me. B 2 244 appendix i. * 76. Eomano-Chaldee. (*^ Glory to Thee, God the Fathek, who didst send Thy only Son for onr deliverance ; and He, on the day before His Passion, took bread in His holy hands, and lifted up His eyes unto Thee, God, His Father Omnipotent, and gave thanks to Thee, and blessed, and brake, and gave to His disciples, say- ing : Take, eat of it, all of you ; this is My Body. In the same way, after they had supped, He took in His pure hands this pure Cup, and gave thanks to Thee, and blessed, and gave to His disciples, saying : Take, drink of it, all of you ; this is the Cup of My Blood of the New Testament, which is FOR EVER THE MYSTERY OF FaITH, WHICH FOR YOU AND FOR MANY IS SHED FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS. 77. Scottish. Priest. Wlio, (by His own oblation of Himself once offered,) made a full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice, oblation, and satisfaction for the sins of the whole world ; and did institute, and in His Holy Gospel command us to continue, a perpetual memo- rial of that His precious death and sacrifice, until His coming again. For in the night that He was betrayed, He took bread, and when He had given thanks, He brake it, and gave it to His disciples, saying : Take, eat : This is My Body, which is given FOR you : do this in remembrance of Me. Likewise, after supper, He took the cup ; and when He had given thanks, He gave it to them, saying : Drink ye all of this : For this is My H Brit. Mu3., Add. 25,874, fol. 21 b. appendix i. 245 Blood op the New Testament, which is for you, AND FOR MANY, FOR THE REMISSION OF SINS : clo tlllS, as often as ye shall diiuk it, in remembrance of Me. 78. Severus op Antioch (Syro-Jacohite). Priest. "Who, when He left His salutary Passion and Cross for a memorial to us. He, the Physician of our wickednesses, offering the oblation of Himself for us to Thee, God and I^'ather, took bread into His hands, and stretching them to heaven, He blessed, He sanctified. He brake, and divided to His disciples the Apostles, saying: Take, eat of it : For this is My 13ody, which for you and for many IS broken and given unto life eternal. Pcojjle. Amen. Priest. In like manner also He took the Cliulice, after they had supped, and mingling it with wine and water. He gave thanks, and sanctified, and divided to His disciples the Apostles, saying : Take, drink ye all of it : Tins is My Blood of the New Testa- ment, which for you and for many is poured forth AND given for the REMISSION OF SINS. Do this ill remembrance of Me ; for as often as ye shall eat this Bread, and sliall drink this Chalice, ye shall Bet forth My dcntli. People. (As in 18.) 79. Theodore the Interpreter {Nestori/m). Priest. Who, with His Apostles, in that night in which He was betrayed, celebrated this Mystery, great, tremendous, holy and divine : taking bread, He blessed and brake, and gave to His disciples, 246 APPENDIX I. and said : This is My Body, wnicH for you is BUOKEN FOE THE REMISSION OF SINS. In like manner also the Clialice : He gave tlianks, and gave to them and said : This is My Blood of THE New Testament, which for many is poured forth for the remission of sins. Take ye all, therefore, and eat of this Bread and drink of this Chalice, and do thus, as often as ye shall be gathered together, in remembrance of Me. 80. Thomas of Heraclea [Syro-Jacohite). (^') Priest. Verily and certainly He took on Himself the form of a servant, that in that form He miglit accomplish the things that were to be for our salva- tion, and the life that was to be given us. He took bread and wine : He blessed. He sanctified. He brake, and gave to His Apostles, saying : Take, use, and thus do. And when ye shall receive these things, believe and be certain that ye eat My Body and drink My Blood, doing it in remembrance of My Death, until I shall come. People. (As in 18.) [This is one of the invalid formuljB : the words inserted in the second clause, according to the judgment of the best ritualists, scarcely avail to make good their omission in the £rst.] * 81. The Three Hundred and Eighteen. (Fathers of Nica^a). (Ethiopic). H He went along with them, and shewed them the order of the mystery of the Sacrifice. He took («) Brit. Mas., Add. 14,692, fol. 36 6. («9) Brit. Mas., Orient. 545, fol. 976. Appjuauix 1. 247 bread in their presence, blessed, and said : Take, eat : this uread is My Body, which is broken FOR YOU, FOB THE REMISSION OF SIN. Aud Hkewise the Cup, He blessed, and said : Take, drink ; this Cup is jiy Blood, whioh is given for you, for the remission of sin. 82. S. Xystus {Sijro- Jacobite). {'^) Priest. Who, when He was prepared for His salutary Passion, in the bread which by Him was blessed, sanctified, broken, aud distributed to His holy Apostles, sanctifying His Body, He gave it to us, saying : Eat ye of it : For this is My Body, which for you and for many is uroken and divided, fob the expiation of transgressions, and the re- mission OF sins, to eternal life. Pen], It'. Amen. Priest. In like manner, in the Cup which was by Him signed, sanctified, and given to the same holy A})Ostl(;s, givin;,' to us, His propitiatory Blood, He said : Take, driak ye all of it : For this is the Ch/Vlice of My Blood of the New Testament, which for you and many is given for the expiation of transgressions, and hath given to us the re- mission of eternal life. People. Amen. Priest. He also added tliis admonition, saying : As often as ye shall commiiuicato in tliis Bread, ye shall set forth My Death and iicsurrection, until I come. People. [As In IB.) {») Brit. Mus., Add. 14,691, fol. lOOa; 14.091, fol, 103 a. f 248 ) APPENDIX II. PRAYERS FOR THE FAITHFUL DEPARTED. In the following Appendix I propose to give the more interesting among the intercessions for the faithful departed which occur in the whole body of Litui'gies. The more they are examined, the more clearly two points will appear. 1. That prayers for the dead, and more especially the oblation of the blessed Eucharist for them, have been from the beginning the practice of the Universal Church. 2. And this without any idea of a purgatory of pain, or of any state from which the departed soul has to be delivered as from one of misery. The examples are arranged in alphabetical order ; and the many that are omitted, are omitted, not because they contravene the above statements, (a polemical deceit of which God forbid that I should be guilty,) but only, either because they say less strikingly what is better expressed in some example that I have given ; or as being conceived in precisely the same words. 1. Armenian. Remember, Lord, and have mercy, and be pro- pitious to the souls of the departed, nnd give them repose and life, and set them with Thy Saints ia ArPENDis. n. 249 the kingdom of heaven, maldng them worthy of Thy mercy. 2. S. Basil (Coj^to- Jacobite). In hke manner, Lord, remember also all those who have already fallen asleep in the Priesthood, and amidst the laity ; vouchsafe to give rest to all their souls, in the bosoms of our holy fathers, Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob. Bring them in and collect them in a place of greenness, by the water of comfort in the paradise of pleasure, where grief and misery and sighing are banished, in the brightness of Thy Saints. 3. S. Clement (Sijro- Jacobite). And at Thy spiritual and holy altar, Lord, grant rest, good memory, and felicity to all the Bonis, bodies, and spirits of our fathers, brethren, and sisters, corporal or spiritual, who have departed in whatever regions, cities, or states ; or have l)con BuiTocated in tlie sea or in rivers, or who have died in travel, and of whom there is no memory in the Churches constituted on earth. Thou, Lord, give them good mcmorj', wlio have departed to Tlico in the ortliodox fjiitli, togetlier with those whose names are written in the book of life. And to all of them wlio, having run tlio race of this life, have appeared perfect and ilhistrious Ik tore Thee, and having been set free from tlio ocean of Bins have reached Tlice, our fntlmis and brethren according to tlic flesh and the spirit, — give rest, () Lord, in that spiritual and mighty bosom. Give them the spirit of joy in the habitations of light and pbidiiess, in the tabernacles of shade and rest, iu the treasiu'es cf happinesii, whence every sorrow is 250 APPENDIX n. fax- banished, and the souls of the pious wait without labour for the first-fruits of life ; and the spirits of the righteous in like manner are waiting for the fulfilment of the promised reward : in that region, where the labourers and the weary look towards Paradise, and tliey that arc invited to the wedding long for the celestial Bridegroom : when they that are called to that feast wait till they go up thither, and ardently desire to receive that new state of glory : where sorrows are banished and where joys are found ; for love only has appeared not entangled in the passions of sin of all who have been arrayed with the human body, namely, Thine Only-Begotten Son, Jesus Christ, our Lord, through "Whom also we hope to obtain mercy for ourselves and for them. 4. Gregory Abu'lfaraj (Syro-Jacobite). Because Thou art the just remunerator of the living and the dead, and because in Thy hands are the spirits of all flesh, we pray Thee, Lord, for all men who have passed to Thee out of this temporal life, who have departed in the orthodox faith, that Thou wouldst remember them, of Thy mercy, and hear these our prayers, and neglect not these our supplications on their behalf; for they are created in Thy king- like image ; but spare them of Thy grace ; forgive tliem according to Thy clemency ; lead them into Thy dwellings ; direct them to Thee, adding them to the numbers of heavenly hosts. where Thy Only-Begotten Son is celebrated and glorified by hymns, and is honoured and extolled by hymns returning in a circle. According to the promises made by Him to us, we hope in Thy mercy and the remission of sins, as well for us as for them. APPENDIX II. 251 5. S. Ignatius [Syro- Jacobite). Placidly and tranquilly receive tlirougb Thy goodness, Lord, the souls and spirits of Thy servants and worshippers, who have departed to Thee out of the present life ; but chiefly them for whom, and on account of whom, this sacrifice is offered and perfected. Eemember them, grant them rest, and place them in the habitations of light, in the abodes of blessed spirits, in the heavenly Jerusalem, in the Church of the First-born who are written in heaven : and bestowing on them good memory and a most hnppy rest, through Thy love to men, give them the life that knoweth not old age, the good things that pass not away, the delights tliat liave no end. Mercy may they obtain through Thy clemency : rest may they be possessed of tlirough Thy mercy : let tliem be hid under the wings of Tliy grace and not condemned, because they liave put tlieir trust in Tlice and Thine Only- Begotten Son, througli Wliom, &c. 6. Jamks Barad/eus [Syro- Jacobite). Lord God of spirits and of all flesh, grant that all they whom we have commcnujrated, and they also wliom we have not comnicmorated, who have departed in the orthodox faith out of this mutaljlo life, may become worthy of that indefectible exist- ence in tlie bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, where are all Saints : where gi-iefs and straits are not found, but where beatitude and joy only reign : where Thine Only-1'ogotten Hon is glorified with Thee by all ; through wliom also we hope to obfiiin mercy, and revelation of face, before Thee, and for His sake as well for them as for us. 7. James of Serug {Syro -Jacobite). Grant, Lord, rest to their souls whom we 252 APPENDIX n. commemorate, and write their names in the book of life, and make them worthy of the pleasure which is received in Paradise. Set them in the region of the just, and join them to the ranks of the pious, and cause them to arrive in the harbour of life, where is the habitation of rest, where griefs, infir- mities, groans and miseries fly; where all the Saints enjoy blessedness, where all the pious rest. Cast out none of them, or of us, in condemnauion from Thy heavenly kingdom ; for One only hath appeared upon earth without sin, &c. 8. John Bar-Maadan (Syro- Jacobite). Them, who with true faith and confidence, and in the orthodox belief, have been set free from this temporal life, according to the sentence promulgated by Thy equity, and have returned to Thee, God, as to their first omnipotent cause ; spare them by Thy mercy : reckon them among the number of Thine elect : cover them with the bright cloud of Tliy Saints : (^) set them with the lambs on Thy right hand, and bring them into Thy habitation : cause them to arrive in the blessed dwelling of Thy kingdom ; grant that they may be invited to Thy banquet, and bring them into the region of exulta- tion and joy, where place there is none for grief and misery, and passion and sighing is at an end. Examine them not severely, since they beseech Thee to deal mercifully with them, because of the errors to which tliis flesh, formed of clay and sub- ject to sin, is liable ; but in that terrible hour of judgments, let them be patterns, Lord, for us and for themselves, for none is there without sin, &c. (1) A very beautiful allusion to the bright cloud which over- •liadowed the Ajjostles durina thf> Transfiguration. APPENDIX II. 253 9. S. John Chrysostom (Syro- Jacobite). And remember tliem who with purity of heart, and sanctity of soul and body, have departed from this world, and have come to Thee, God. Them whom from the first Adam, the first made of our creation, in all generations have pleased Thee, and confessed Thee, and have hoped for and expected the manifestation of Thiue Only-begotten Son, and have desired to see His great and glorious day. Them who in the spiritual bosom of Baptism have put Thee on splendidly and have believed in Thy Name. Give them rest in Thy celestial habitations, in the paradise of delights, in the tabernacles of light, in quiet dwelling-places. Enter not into judgment with them, Lord, for in Thy sight shall no man living be justified ; for there is only One Who hath appeared upon earth, pure and with- out blemish, kc. 10. John the Scribe [Syro- Jacobite). Maker and Creator of all things, God and Fathkr, grant that the bodies and spirits of Thy servants who have departed in Thy hope, may come to celestial good things and to those pleasures which have no end, to those joys which are without ter- mination, to the indesinent banquet. Write their names in the book of life, gladden them with the aspect of Thy countenance ; set them in the region of tlie righteous, count them among the bands of the pious. Grant tliat tlicy may rejoice in the good things of the Saints ; grant that they may lie down at Thy spiritual Table ; forgive their sins through Thy mercy ; save tlicni from grief and sighing ; deliver them from the burnings of Gehenna ; cause them to pass beyond those terrible straits of the 254 APPENDtXII. place of fear(^) ; set them m the tabernacle of light: grant them rest in the bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, our fathers, in Thy celestial habitations, in places of quiet. Enter not into judgment with Thy servants, for in Thy sight shall no man living be justified. 11. S. Maeuthas {Syro- Jacobite. Eemember, Lord, through Thy grace, all those who by means of the sentence pronounced against our first father Adam, have departed out of this miserable life, and are gone where Thou only know- est ; and give them rest among those delights which Thou hast promised to them that love Thee, not calling to memory their sins and ours, for no man is without sin. 12. S. Mark {Si/ro-Jacobite)» And remember those who are worthy of pious commemoration through Thy mercy, Lord, priests, deacons, and chaste sub-deacons, readers, singers, and all the departed faithful, especially our fathers, brethren, and masters, and all who have sought the prayers of our littleness, and all who have been made partakers of any ecclesiastical dignity, and all who have communicated to tlie necessities of all the poor of our society, and those whom we desire to remember. We beseech Thee, Lord God of the holy fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and of all the company of the just and pious, that Thou wouldst give rest to them, — to them all who (2) It would almost seem as if constant association witli Ma- hometan theology had somewhat influenced the writer's id^as of the passage from this world to the next. APPENDIX n. 255 have left us and departed to Thee, and to Tliy blessed seats. Blot out, forgive, and remit all their sins, known and unknown, voluntai'y or involuntary; for none liath appeared upon earth without sin, excepting Thy Only-begotten Son, our Lord God and SA^^ouR, Jests Christ, by Whom also we desire to obtain mercy and the remission of sins which is for His sake, both for them and for ourselves. 13. Michael, Patriarch of Antioch. {Syro- Jacobite). our God, Artificer of our nature, only to be adored and knowing all things, "Who desii-est the life and salvation of all, give by Thy mercy, good memory, and remission of transgressions and for- giveness of sins, to our fatlicrs, masters, and doctors, and all the sons of Thy holy Church, who by the decree which Thy equity hath pronounced against us, drank of old time the sad cup of death, and of most bitter separation. Visit them, Lord, and console them in the habitations in which they rest, by Thy divine and most wise decree, by Thy just dispensation, by the feeling of Thy SriniT, blessed, sweet, and full of clemency, by this mystical sacri- fice, full of all blessed hope, Lord, receive our prayers for tliem, and blot out their sins and defects, and purify their faults ; for there is none, &c. 14. PniLOXENUS OF Mabuo. II. {Syro- Jacobite). Grant, Lord, that Thy servants who have departed with Thy liope in faitli, may arrive at those celestial good things, and unfailing delights, and the pleasures which perish not: to the port in which the weary and tempost-tost rest together : to that feast in which martyrs and confessors exult, and to the supper prepared for all the blessed : preserving 25G APPENDIX IT. them from fire, darkness, aud the worm that dietb not, because uoue is free from sm, &c. 15. Severus of Antioch [Sijro-Jacobite). And give rest iu the bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the Paradise of pleasure, in the place of repose, in the tabernacles of the Saints, where is the multitude of them that keep the glorious holy- day, to the souls, bodies, and spirits of them who have come to Thee out of flesh aud blood, to Thee, Lord of all flesh : where is the perfection of life without molestation, and the first-fruits of ineffable promises ; of the consummation whereof make them worthy, not reckoning to them their offences, not entering into judgment with Thy servants, for in Thy sight shall no man living be justified, for One only is without sin, &c. IG. Theodore the Interpreter (Nestorian). Lord, our God, receive from us, through Thy gi-ace, this sacrifice of thanksgiving, namely, the reasonable fruits of our lips, that the memory may be good before Thee of the ancient righteous men, holy prophets, blessed Apostles, martyrs, and con- fessors, bishops, doctors, priests, deacons, and all the sons of the holy Catholic Church, who with true faith have departed out of this world, that by Thy grace, O Lord, TJiou mayest give them pardon of all sins and transgressions, which, in this world, in a mortal body, and a soul, subject to temptation, tliey have sinned and ofl'ended, for there is no man that sinnetb not. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. "bec'd ld-uri />PR 11 1993 BX 375. L4N25 1870 III 3 1158 00286 0376 UC SOUTHFRN RtGIONAL LIBRARY FAPIl I llllllllll AA 000 632 608 6