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 COMPLETE
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 McKee Shorthand 
 
 Formerly Known as 
 McKee' s New Standard Sl^ortl^and 
 
 A New and Simplified Method of Brief Phono- 
 graphic Writing, Adapted to ai.l the 
 Uses Made of Shorthand Writ- 
 ing IN Modern Times. 
 
 By 
 
 EIGHTEENTH EDITION 
 
 With Complete Key 
 
 McKee Publishing Company 
 
 Ester o, Fla.' 
 
 1909
 
 Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1S91, 
 
 By C. E. McKee, 
 
 in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
 Principles secured by special copyright.
 
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 PREFACE. 
 
 The system which this work sets forth is a new method 
 of shorthand writing, constructed with the object of more 
 fully meeting the demands of modern times. It is the 
 result of much study, practice and investigation, and the 
 principles embodied in it are largely those which short- 
 hand investigators have recognized as being the proper 
 ones necessary to the producing of an ideal system of 
 shorthand writing. 
 ^ The author had for a number of years worked at the 
 formation of what he considered a perfect system of 
 shorthand writing — a system which would : 
 
 DC 
 
 <: 
 
 ao I. Write the English language without the use of 
 
 position in any way. 
 
 II. Which would employ a phonetic alphabet of char- 
 acters capable of expressing all vowels and consonants 
 without lifting the pen. 
 
 III. Which would use a set of simple rules for con- 
 tracting^ applicable to all characters alike. 
 
 IV. Which would write all words without the use of 
 detached prefixes and suffixes or arbitrary signs. 
 
 V. Which would employ but two hooks, large and 
 small, each representing but one sound in all places, 
 and uniting with all characters alike. 
 
 VI. Which would secure outlines that could be 
 written with perfect ease and great rapidity without 
 becoming distorted and illegible. 
 
 45228^;*
 
 ' NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 VII. Which would do away with ticlc characters in 
 the alphabet and permit strokes, however short or long, 
 to represent but the one sound. 
 
 VIII. Which would harmonize the alphabet and prin- 
 ciples so as to produce analogous outlines and a brevity 
 suflficient for the most rapid work without resorting to 
 numerous contracted forms. 
 
 IX. Which would employ shading in such a manner 
 as to make the legibility of the writing dependent upon 
 it as little as possible. 
 
 X. Which would present the whole system complete 
 in one text-book in as simple a manner as possible and 
 in such order as to prevent unlearning or unnecessary 
 work on the part of the student. And, lastly, a system 
 which would be so combined in all its parts as to repre- 
 sent language with absolute legibility and record the 
 most rapid utterances of human speech on the most 
 technical subjects with certainty. 
 
 For some time the author's efforts fell short of so 
 high an ideal, but after the construction of a number 
 of systems, and the publication and use of two which 
 have met with no small amount of success, we are 
 happy to be able to state that our final efforts have 
 been crowned with results which even exceeded our 
 expectations, and we have a realization of the ideal 
 system in New Standard Shorthand. 
 
 The practicability of a system based upon and em- 
 bodying such principles as the foregoing must be 
 conceded by all fair minded people.
 
 PREFACE. 7 
 
 Great pains have been taken in the production of 
 the text-book of instruction, to make it thorough, 
 complete and concise, and to render it as perfect a 
 self-instructor as is possible to be done. 
 
 On each page of engraved matter a key is given to 
 a sufficient number of lines, to enable the student to 
 understand the practical working of the rule ; while 
 the remaining part of the plate is without a key and 
 is to be read Irom the learner's own knowledge and 
 understanding of the principle. It is believed that 
 this plan is by far the best for leading the student 
 out to think and act for himself — a point which he 
 must sooner or later acquire in order to reach any 
 success. 
 
 Words which are contracted have, as far as possible, 
 been presented in connection with the lesson explaining 
 the principle by which they are written. This arrange- 
 ment enables the student to learn them in a classified 
 manner and at a time when the rule by which they are 
 written is fresh in the memory. 
 
 At different stages of the subject matter we have 
 given plates of easy sentences, which form an excellent 
 review of past work, and which will lead the student 
 to a knowledge of the requirements of actual shorthand 
 writing at a time in his progress when such a realization 
 is often of vast importance. 
 
 After a full exposition of the theory of the system, a 
 practical vocabulary of difficult words is presented, 
 which furnishes a perfect copy for the writing of more
 
 8 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 than a thousand words, and which when thoroughly- 
 understood will act as a guide to the correct writing 
 of all the words in the language. 
 
 Our experience in teaching shorthand has convinced 
 us that every student, upon completing the theory, stands 
 in great need of a thorough review in a practical way of 
 the entire system. The review is not needed so much in 
 a repeated study of the theory as in a thorough applica- 
 tion of the theory to practical work. To supply the 
 student and teacher with this much needed practice 
 matter, we have arranged a complete set of Review 
 Lessons, which are given at the close of the book. The 
 course is so arranged as to take the student through the 
 practice of the entire theory in a new and entertaining 
 manner, and carries him on into the most practical dic- 
 tation matter. 
 
 For the purpose of acquainting the reader with the 
 principal advantages of New Standard Shorthand, 
 the marked features of the system are briefly explained 
 in the Introduction which follows. 
 
 With a belief that New Standard Shorthand will 
 greatly lessen the labors of those who already wield the 
 stenographic pen, and that it will bring shorthand writ- 
 ing within the reach of every one, and enable the world 
 to make a freer use of the art than has been possible 
 heretofore, we send it forth, requesting at the hands of 
 each a careful and unprejudiced examination of the 
 
 merits of the system. 
 
 Charles E. McKee.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 For a great many years there has been an endeavor to pro- 
 vide the world with a rapid and satisfactory method of record- 
 ing speech. Many methods have been devised for the accom- 
 plishment of this noble object, and while some of them have 
 served their day and generation in a way, yet never within 
 the history of shorthand writing has there been such a univer- 
 sal demand for a more certain and scientific method of record- 
 ing speech — a method more perfectly adapted to all the 
 requirements of modern times. The great advancement that 
 has been made in all the departments of human activity within 
 the past few years renders the systems of former days behind 
 the times in many ways, and incapable of meeting all the 
 requirements of this progressive age. 
 
 When the Pitman system, which forms the basis of most of 
 the systems in use to-day, was invented, there were not the 
 demands made upon the art of shorthand writing that there 
 are to-day. The alphabet then adopted was constructed upon 
 the idea that there was an affinity or relationship existing 
 between certain elementary sounds and certain shorthand 
 characters. Thus the all-important questions, such as secur- 
 ing easy combinations, obtaining simplicity and harmony of 
 principles, employing for most frequent use the easiest 
 characters, and adapting all the component parts to the 
 accomplishment of the one great object sought, namely, the 
 representing of language with the legibility of longhand and 
 swiftness of speech, v/ere not taken into consideration in the 
 formation of the alphabet. And further, many of the prin-
 
 10 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 ciples in use to-day in the old systems have been added during 
 recent years in an attempt to meet the requirements of modern 
 times, and as a result the majority of them are not suited to 
 the alphabet or to each other. It is apparent that, in the con- 
 struction of a system of shorthand, as elsewhere in the 
 inventive field, in order to produce certain results, we must 
 understand all of the requirements thoroughly and so plan the 
 foundation, as well as the superstructure, as to conduce natur- 
 ally towards the accomplishment of our object. 
 
 In the construction of the New Standard Shorthand, the 
 controlling principle was the employing of the stenographic 
 material available in its order of practicability, and of assign- 
 ing to each sound such a value as would best fulfill the special 
 mission required of it, and of employing such expedient 
 contracting principles in such manner as to produce a com- 
 plete, harmonious system, which would naturally write the 
 English language, including all of its peculiar, twisted com- 
 binations, with the swiftness of speech and legibility of 
 longhand. The result is, that in the New Standard Shorthand 
 we have a method which is equally well adapted to all classes 
 of shorthand work. It is so simple that all are able to learn 
 it ; so legible that all are able to read it ; and so swift that all 
 are able to write it. These three important features — simplicity, 
 legibility and rapidity — are the three cardinal virtues of New 
 Standard Shorthand, and it is the securing of these three in 
 such a high degree of perfection that renders this system of 
 shorthand so far superior to others. 
 
 For the benefit of those who desire to acquaint themselves 
 with the special features of the system, before or without 
 thoroughly mastering the principles from the text-book, we 
 explain a {>i\v of the whys and wherefores which make the 
 New Standard System of Shorthand what it is.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 11 
 
 The New Standard Shorthand Alphabet. — Going back 
 to the foundation of the art, we find that the first question to 
 be considered is the arranging of the alphabet and in adapting 
 it to the general plan which is to follow so as to naturally 
 write language legibly, easily and rapidly. As has already 
 been stated, our alphabet was constructed so as to utilize each 
 character where it would best do the work required of it in 
 writing. There are certain characters which are exceedingly 
 valuable in the beginning of words, but which, on account of 
 their form, are worthless in the middle or at the end of 
 outlines. This fact, however, does not at all embarrass or 
 hinder a perfect working of the material at hand, for there are 
 certain sounds in the language which occur very frequently 
 initially, but which rarely occur medially or finally. The 
 reverse of this is also true. Certain characters are valuable in 
 the middle or at the end of outlines which are almost useless 
 in the beginning of words, and any system which pretends to 
 have a practical foundation cannot afford to disregard these 
 existing conditions. And no less important is the fact that 
 in the English language certain sounds follow each other with 
 great frequency, while there are other sounds which rarely, 
 and some never, occur together. This fact must also be taken 
 into consideration in the formation of the alphabet before 
 any claim to practicability can be made. That such points 
 were not considered in the construction of the old alphabet 
 is apparent to any one and needs no argument for proof. By 
 taking cognizance of these existing conditions, the New 
 Standard System of Shorthand avoids all of the miserable 
 combinations which occur in the old systems, and is in no 
 case compelled to devise special hooks or other expedients 
 for the purpose of avoiding impractical combinations.
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 The other special features obtained in our Standard Short- 
 hand Alphabet are — First, the alphabet is composed entirely 
 of simple characters. There are absolutely no complex 
 strokes employed either for the consonants or the vowels. 
 This feature enables us to treat all characters alike and write 
 with the utmost degree of simplicity. Second, each sound is 
 represented by one simple character, there being no optional 
 forms whatever. This is of great assistance in writing. 
 There can be but one way to express the sounds desired and 
 hence there is no hesitating in writing as where a selection 
 must be inade between different characters. Third, our 
 alphabet is composed of characters which are all of one 
 length. The vowels are represented by circles and loops and 
 the consonants by strokes of an equal degree of length. This 
 methodical arrangement has a threefold advantage. It pro- 
 duces the utmost simplicity in writing and ease in learning. 
 It secures perfect harmony in the application of principles, as 
 all characters can be treated alike. It enables the writer to 
 join vowels with consonants in all conceivable combinations, 
 and to make as free a use of one as of the other. 
 
 Connective Vowels. — The great difficulty experienced by 
 all systems of shorthand has been to write language in full 
 and yet obtain a sufficient brevity for the Recording of speech 
 as rapidly as it is spoken. - This great difficulty led authors 
 of former times to represent the vowels by disjoined dots and 
 dashes, which were inserted after the words were written, 
 providing the writer had sufficient time to do so. This, 
 however, was by no means possible in reporting a speaker, 
 and as a result the writing w^as done largely with consonant 
 outlines. Such outlines are often sufficiently legible, when 
 there are no initial vowels and the consonants form the prin- 
 cipal part of the word, but, to practice such a principle of
 
 INTRODUCTION. ^ 
 
 omissions throughout renders the larger part of the writing 
 totally unintelligible. As a result of this practice, the old 
 systems represent many words by the same consonant outline, 
 and the reader must trust to the context for a correct render- 
 ing of the outline in each particular instance. There are 
 numerous cases in these systems where one outline is Osed to 
 represent from ten to fifteen different words. 
 
 In New Standard Shorthand, the circles and loops are 
 utilized solely in representing the different vowel sounds, and 
 these are always written with the consonants without lifting 
 the pen, whether occurring initially, medially or finally. 
 The vowels being represented by circles and loops renders it 
 possible to join them in all cases with the utmost freedom, and 
 being composed of a distinct set of characters they are subject 
 to certain general rules of contracting which, together with 
 other new powers of contraction, makes the writing of New 
 Standard Shorthand as brief as the old systems which are 
 compelled to omit most of the vowels. Therefore, since this 
 system writes vowels as freely as consonants there can be no 
 conflicting of words in reading. Only words which are 
 pronounced alike can be written alike. 
 
 The Disuse of Positions. — The method employed in the 
 old systems of representing the vowels by means of detached 
 dots and dashes and omitting them in actual work, rendered 
 tlie writing of these systems so illegible that a method of 
 expressing the vowels by positions was also adopted. Thus 
 consonant characters were written above the base line, on the 
 line, or below the line, and in each case as many as four or 
 five vowel sounds were understood either to precede or follow 
 the consonant character, and the reader was obliged to 
 decipher the word, trying this and that sound until a word 
 was made that seemed to fill the place. ' As but one vowel
 
 14 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 sound could be expressed by any position, other vowels when 
 needed had to be inserted by the adding of dots or dashes, as 
 before. This imperfect method of writing is employed to 
 this day by all the Pitmanic systems, and is of the greatest 
 hindrance to easy learning, rapid writing and accurate 
 reading. 
 
 In the New Standard System of Shorthand, the vowels are 
 always united with the consonants and no positions are 
 employed in any way. Words are written in the same manner 
 as in longhand, by simply uniting the letters or characters in 
 their natural order of occurrence. In many cases words can 
 be written more rapidly by the use of vowels than could be 
 done without them. The reason of this being that since the 
 vowels are all composed of either circles or loops, the 
 consonant characters can be united easier by throwing in a 
 circle or loop than by making an angle as would otherwise be 
 required. The advantage derived from writing words in this 
 manner and without reference to position are so numerous and 
 apparent that we need not take the time to rehearse them. 
 
 Contracting Principles. — The two fundamental con- 
 tracting principles of shorthand writing are, the use of an 
 alphabet of the simplest characters, and writing words 
 phonetically. These two. main princij^les contract the writ- 
 ing to a large extent, but they do not render it sufficiently 
 brief for the most rapid work, and recourse is had to modifying 
 the characters, such as making them shorter or longer, for the 
 purpose of expressing certain sounds, thereby securing two 
 sounds and perhaps a- syllable by one movement of the pen. 
 Such contracting principles are in this system of the most 
 simple and practical nature possible. They apply to all 
 characters alike in the writing of words, and are utilized for 
 such purposes as will handle the peculiar structure of the
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 15 
 
 English language in the best possible manner. There are 
 but four main principles, besides the use of the two hooks,, 
 and as they are universal in their application, they need but 
 be stated in order to enable one to remember and apply them. 
 A very rotable feature of the system is that long, technical 
 vords are expressed with the utmost brevity. The reason of 
 this is ttiat in the majority of long words there is a frequent 
 occurrence of certain sounds, and in the construction of the 
 system a method of expressing such combinations was provided 
 for through the main contracting principles. 
 
 The expressing of the coalescents, which has long been the 
 stumbling block of shorthand systems, is accomplished in 
 this system by the application of the main principles, and 
 their use is so simple and natural that the learner seldom 
 realizes that there are such combinations ; while in all other 
 systems he must be constantly drilled upon numerous special 
 and complicated methods of writing them. 
 
 The Use of Hooks. — Practical shorthand writers regard 
 the hook as one of the most valuable means of expressing 
 sounds. No appendage can be formed which is as rapid or 
 legible. The hook has long been used in shorthand systems, 
 but it has been employed as a means of covering up deficiences 
 and avoiding bad combinations instead of as a fundamental 
 principle forming a part of the general plan. 
 
 In New Standard Shorthand there are but two sizes of hooks 
 employed, a small hook and a large hook, and each one always 
 expresses the same sound in all conceivable combinations. 
 The hooks are as distinct and never failing in their represen- 
 tation as the characters of the alphabet, and lying at the 
 foundation of the structure, they are subject to the application 
 of general principles of the system. In the third lesson the 
 student learns the entire use of hooks, and thus the utmost
 
 16 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 degree of simplicity is secured in what has hitherto been a 
 complicated subject. The difficulty attending the learning of 
 hooks as treated in other systems, and especially in the 
 Pitmanic, is only realized by those who have had the patience 
 and perseverance to wade through them. In the Pitmanic 
 systems a hook is employed for seven different purposes. 
 That is, when it is initial it represents one thing, and when 
 final another. The same hook also expresses one sound when 
 turned on straight characters, but an entirely different value 
 is given to it when turned on curved characters. The same is 
 true with the direction in which it is turned or written. When 
 written on one side of a character the value given to it is 
 entirely different from what is assigned when written on the 
 opposite side. There is a vast difference between this mixed 
 up state of affairs and the simple, and even more judicious, use 
 that is made of hooks in the New Standard System of Short- 
 hand, The student in this system is saved an immense 
 amount of time and labor in acquiring their use, and equally 
 as much in learning to read from their practice. 
 
 Expression of Syllables. — The object of shorthand is to 
 record words in a legible manner as rapidly as they are spoken, 
 and in order to accomplish this in the easiest manner it is 
 necessary that the representation should correspond as nearly 
 as possible with the manner of speech. In the uttering of 
 words in speech the parts most distinctly heard are syllables, 
 and one of the most legible and powerful nodes of shorthand 
 representation is by making the writiiig a counterpart of the 
 speech. 
 
 In New Standard Shorthand this is accomplished to a 
 remarkable extent, and in writing, many of the most commonly 
 occurring syllables are expressed by one simple stroke, and in 
 many cases two syllables are distinctly represented by a stroke
 
 INTRODUCTION. •^'^ 
 
 and an appendage. Wliere such a plan is uniform, as is the 
 case in New Standard Shorthand, the manner of writing one 
 syllable furnishes a key to hundreds of words in which the 
 same syllable occurs. The syllables thus formed in this system 
 are those which are made naturally by the application of the 
 general contracting principles, and are not, as in many systems, 
 conventional and arbitrary forms which must be committed to 
 memory regardless of any connection with the principles of 
 the system. 
 
 Regular and Analogous Outlines. — Another important 
 element in the representation of speech is the securing of 
 regular and analogous outlines. Outlines which are composed 
 of regular and uniform characters are much easier to write and 
 jead than those of any other formation. And it is of the 
 utmost importance that the outlines of words should in 
 .ippearance or mode of structure conform to one another in 
 proportion to the likeness of their pronunciation. The basis 
 of New Standard Shorthand is such that these essential points 
 are bound to be subserved. The consonants of the alphabet 
 being composed of simple regular characters of the same 
 length, and the vowels by circles and loops, the writing pro- 
 duced cannot be otherwise than regular and uniform. There 
 being but one form of characters to represent the several 
 sounds of the language, and these being written upon broad 
 and natural principles, the outlines produced in writing cannot 
 be otherwise than analogous. This natural producing of 
 regular, uniform outlines and forming derivative words by 
 simply adding to the primitive form, saves the learner a large 
 amount of labor of head and hand. 
 
 Disuse of Prefixes and Suffixes. — It has been very 
 common for shorthand authors in attempting to secure brevity 
 to burden their systems with detached signs to express prefixes
 
 18 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND 
 
 and suffixes. Of course a certain amount of brevity mtist be 
 obtained, and where material has been wasted, as is the case 
 in the majority of systems, the method of arbitrarily repre- 
 senting prefixes and suffixes by detached signs is one way to 
 patch up the weakly structure, but it is certainly a very pool 
 way. Every detached prefix or suffix not only necessitates a 
 pen-lifting, which is acknowledged to be equal to at least one 
 pen-stroke, but it requires a special mental effort to separate 
 the detached part from the rest of the word and write its 
 proper sign and the proper relative position. The structure 
 of New Standard Shorthand is such that it will naturally write 
 all combinations without resorting to detached signs, and thus 
 the writer is again saved the trouble of mastering what has 
 heretofore been an extremely difficult subject. 
 
 Ease of Phrase- writing. — Since this syetem makes the 
 most frequent use of those characters which are easiest in 
 formation and writes in one continuous line without the use 
 of any positions, words can be joined together as phrases with 
 the utmost freedom. While there are no obstructions to 
 phrasing in this system as in others where positions are 
 employed, yet we do not believe " in running phrase wild," 
 and "stringing words together," as some systems attempt to 
 do. 'lo join small words which are continually occurring, 
 however, is a most valuable method of accelerating the speed 
 of writing, and where proper provisions have been made in 
 the construction of the system for such practice it is even an 
 aid to rapid reading. 
 
 Harmony of Parts. — It is the complete adaptation of all 
 the parts to the accomplishment of the object sought that 
 measures the success of any system or combination of things. 
 No system, however meritorious in some directions, is all that 
 it could be or should be without perfect harmony existing
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 19 
 
 between all the component parts. In the construction of 
 New Standard Shorthand a definite and thoroughly practical 
 plan was followed and each component part was made to do 
 its special work in the best possible manner, and at the same 
 time subserve all the other parts in the accomplishment of 
 the great purpose of the system. As a result this system 
 writes the English language naturally, legibily and briefly, 
 and without the many detrimental features that originated in 
 former days, and which have unfortunately been largely 
 adhered to by the authors who have followed. 
 
 Our Former Shorthand Works. — The author's former 
 productions on the subject of shorthand have been well received 
 by the public. They were the fruits of our best efforts at the 
 time of their publication, and through the chain of improve- 
 ments adopted in them was gained a varied and valuable 
 experience, which has developed upon a broader plan 
 "New Standard Shorthand." This, our latest work, comes 
 as a settled standard, in which every writer can repose with 
 confidence in its unchangeableness. It is the author's ideal 
 system, allowing for human imperfections, and while we 
 expect to be progressive, yet the plan upon which it is con- 
 structed is broad and in perfect accord with what leading 
 shorthand investigators have sought for, and the completeness 
 of the structure is such that the foundation must ever remain 
 the same. 
 
 In the production of this work, we acknowledge our indebt- 
 edness not to any earthly book or author, but to the great 
 Author and Designer of Life, who has sustained our life 
 through a protracted illness, enabling us to finish this work, 
 and whom it has pleased to exceedingly bless our humble efforts. 
 
 Charles E. McKee.
 
 COlsTSTITUTION 
 
 Of Ihe United States of America. 
 O "^ 

 
 91 
 
 PRINCIPLES. ^ 
 
 DEFINITIONS. 
 
 Phonetics or Phonology. — The science which treats of 
 the different sounds of the human voice, and their relations. 
 
 Phonograph or Phonogram. — A letter or symbol repre- 
 senting a sound in writing. 
 
 Phonography. — The art of representing spoken sounds by 
 written signs; i. e., by phonographs. 
 
 Stenography or Shorthand. — A contracted method of 
 writing. 
 
 Note. — The terms Phonography and Shorthand are often used inter- 
 changeably, but there is a distinction which should be recognized. The 
 word Phonography applies to any method of writing which is phonetic, and 
 does not necessarily mean brief writing. Stenography or Shorthand refers 
 to any method of brief Or close writing, and does not necessarily mean 
 phonetic writing. In the practice of the art of Phonography, it is impos- 
 sible to write with sufficient speed and express all tlie sounds in words, and 
 hence in actual work we all write Stenography or Shorthand, no matter 
 how much we worship the term Phonography. 
 
 Phrase. — A number of words written together wi'-hout 
 lifting the pen. 
 
 Outline. — As employed in Shorthand, a character or 
 characters used in representing a word, or phrase. 
 
 Cognate. — Allied in origin ; partaking of the same nature. 
 Cognate letters are those which are similar in sound, as/, b 
 and /, d, etc. 
 
 Coalesce. — To combine, to unite in harmony. In short- 
 hand consonants coming together, as pr in pray, spr in spray, 
 are said to coalesce and are called the coalescents. 
 
 Context. — The connected structure of a sentence or 
 sentences, especially the parts of a sentence preceding and 
 following a word or phrase.
 
 22 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 1, 
 
 THE STANDARD SHORTHAND ALPHABET. 
 Since it is necessary that shorthand writing should be very 
 brief we begin with the alphabet and employ the simplest 
 signs possible to represent the sounds of the language. The 
 stroke characters are so classified as to indicate the direction 
 in which they should be written. 
 
 UJ>iuard 
 
 p h sh zh 1 ch j 
 
 \^ Dozvmoard \^ \ \^^ \. "^ [ I 
 
 f V r 7i y 
 
 ^ Backward / / /^ J J 
 
 Another fundamental principle whereby shorthand is made 
 brief, is in writing according to sound. There are, however, 
 more sounds in our language than the twenty-six represented 
 in longhand, and, therefore, we employ more characters or 
 letters than are used in the ordinary Roman alphabet. The 
 vowel sounds are all represented by circles and loops. There 
 are three sizes of circles and two of loops, thus ; 
 
 A K I O IT 
 
 Vo'ivels O O o <i? ^/ 
 
 The various sounds of each vowel are represented by slight 
 modifications of the same character, as shown at the bottom 
 of the following page. 
 
 Note. — The learner should now copy the characters given above, taking 
 pains to form them accurately, and to write them in the-proper direction.
 
 23 
 
 THE 
 
 STAKDARB SHORTHAND ALPHABET 
 
 Consonants 
 P B 
 
 X \ 
 
 pie by 
 
 F 
 
 / 
 
 fan 
 
 / 
 
 edge 
 
 quick 
 
 M 
 
 Z 
 
 zeal 
 
 L 
 lay^ 
 
 iSh 
 
 Jng 
 
 y J 
 
 ^ or U 
 
 Vowels 
 
 n 
 
 c/ 
 
 
 
 ■O 
 
 aid 
 
 each 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 add 
 
 ibb 
 
 aw 
 
 eu 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 saw 
 
 new 
 
 toy 
 
 •a 
 
 old 
 
 icse 
 
 
 
 Yi 
 
 odd 
 
 us 
 
 ou 
 
 00 
 
 (p 
 
 ^ 
 
 now 
 
 ooze 
 
 Copp-Ujht. 1891. by C. E. JIcKee,
 
 24 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 STANDARD SHORTHAND ALPHABET IN A, B, C, ORDER. 
 
 While practicing the alphabet, the student should observe 
 the likeness of sound existing between the light characters and 
 the shaded characters. For example, the p and b are very- 
 similar in sound, and are represented by strokes which are 
 similar, the light stroke representing the light sound, and the 
 heavy stroke representing the heavy sound. Letters which 
 are allied, as / and b, are called cognate letters, and the 
 alphabet is almost entirely composed of pairs of this kind. 
 
 It is very important that the learner should understand the 
 difference between the formation of the/ and v and the k and 
 g. By reference to longhand writing, it will be seen that all 
 strokes made upward slant more than those which are made 
 downward. 
 
 Therefore, as the k and g are always written upwards, they 
 will necessarily slant more than the/and v, which are always 
 written downwards. 
 
 Note. Since words are written according to sound in shorthand, we 
 
 have no use for a character to represent c excepting in the writing of initials 
 in proper names. Hard c, as in cat, always has the sound of k, while soft 
 r, as in cent, always has the sound of s. When occasion requires a <r in 
 writing initials of proper names, it is expressed by the character for s, with 
 a dot alongside. 
 
 The letter x represents the sounds eks, but for the sake of brevity, it is 
 represented in shorthand by a dot when occurring initially, instead of 
 writing the different letters of which it is composed. 
 
 In writing with a pen it is necessary to turn it a trifle in order to shade 
 the <^. The k, "■ and q must always be written upwards, but such provisions 
 have been made in the system that it is not absolutely necessary to shade 
 the .^.
 
 STANDARD SHORTHAND ALPHABET ^5 
 
 in the a, h, c, order, 
 A B C D E F C 
 
 H 
 
 J 
 
 JC L J\r TV 
 
 p 
 
 R S 
 
 T 
 
 II 
 
 V 
 
 / 
 
 
 Y 
 
 Th Ch Sh 
 
 Zh Wh Ing 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 II // 
 
 CO o o o o 
 
 <^ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 CoyyrxQht. 1801, Ij C. E.MoKee.
 
 26 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 DIRECTIONS TO THE STUDENT. 
 
 Materials. — Upon commencing the study of short- 
 hand, the student should provide himself with a good 
 note-book and a pen or pencil perfectly adapted to the 
 hand. Since the New Standard Shorthand is written 
 without regard to positions, it is immaterial whether the 
 paper be ruled or not. If ruled, however, the lines 
 should be light and either red or blue, so as not to 
 detract from the appearance of the shorthand writing. 
 
 As to the use of a pen or pencil, we would strongly 
 urge the use of a good fountain pen Writing can be 
 executed more neatly and legibly with a pen than with 
 a pencil, and is more durable. There are, however, 
 exceptions to all rules, and occasionally we find persons 
 who can produce better writing with a pencil than with 
 a pen. Those who use pencils should keep on hand a 
 number neatly sharpened which are well suited to the 
 hand and paper. 
 
 Manner of Holding the Pen. — The pen should be 
 held the same as in writing longhand, except that the 
 holder need not point over the shoulder, but can be per- 
 mitted to point on a line with the forearm. When the 
 pen is so held as to shade the letter b with the utmost 
 freedom, it is then in the best position for executing 
 any of the shorthand characters. Some writers hold 
 the pen between the first and second fingers, and while 
 this is not quite so free for general use, yet it is very 
 useful as a means of changing and resting the hand 
 when the work is prolonged to many hours.
 
 PRINCIPLES. 27 
 
 Formation of Characters. — In the formation of 
 shorthand characters, care should be taken to make 
 them all of a uniform length. Each character should 
 be formed easily and naturally, and without forcing 
 the hand in its execution. The shaded characters 
 should be simply enough heavier than the light ones 
 to distinguish them, and the learner will find that in 
 actual work many shades can be omitted and the 
 writing still remain perfectly legible. 
 
 How TO Learn Shorthand. — Begin the study with 
 the firm resolve to practice and persevere and the battle 
 is half won. 
 
 In order that each lesson may be thoroughly mastered, 
 the following course should be pursued : First, read over 
 the explanation of the lesson, carefully referring to the 
 shorthand plate on the opposite page for illustrations as 
 you go along. Second, copy the shorthand plate of char- 
 acters into your note-book, pronouncing each word as 
 you write its outline. Third, write the plate of characters 
 from dictation without referring to the book ; and, fourth, 
 read back the words from your shorthand notes, while the 
 one who dictated them observes that you read correctly. 
 
 Note. — If you do not have a teacher to read for you and correct 
 your work, before taking the third step you can write a key to the 
 shorthand plate in longhand, and then anyone can dictate the lesson 
 to you from the longhand key. 
 
 Each lesson should be repeatedly written from dictation until 
 every word in it can be written without hesitation.
 
 38 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 COMBINATIONS. 
 
 In this system all letters are combined in their natural order 
 without lifting the pen. Since consonants are generally fol- 
 lowed by vowels, the connections are made largely by the use 
 of circles and loops. 
 
 The illustrations to the right show that the circles and loops 
 are turned on other characters with a continuous movement. 
 They are turned on the inside of curves, but on straight lines 
 there are two sides on which they could be turned, and the 
 following rule should be followed : 
 
 Circles and loops are turned on all straight strokes with a 
 movement turning to the right, the same as that described by 
 the hands of a clock. See lines 3, 4 and li. 
 
 Line 4 on the following page shows how a distinction is 
 made between the long vowel and the short vowel sounds. 
 In actual work, however, such distinctions are seldom made, 
 and in reading the remainder of the following plate, the 
 student may pronounce each word regardless of either short 
 or long vowels, as each outline will, as a rule, make but the 
 one word. 
 
 Note. — In practicing this lesson, the learner should be particular to 
 form the circles as nearly round as possible, and to make the loops long 
 and narrow. Let it be a rule from now on that you will 7ie'uer write a 
 word in shorthand that is not correctly formed and perfectly legible. 
 The circle for a should be written as large as in the copy, while the 
 circles for e and / can be made nearly alike, as they form words in writing 
 which seldom conflict.
 
 COMBINATION'S. 
 
 29 
 
 say 
 1 ^^^ 
 
 may 
 
 sigh 
 
 at 
 
 eat 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 add 
 
 aid 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 9 CTx 
 
 10 _J^ 
 
 ^ Vo ^ ^ 
 
 ^ ^ /-^ 
 
 s?,e saw 
 
 neiu now 
 
 oath Its 
 
 am aim on own 
 
 '\ 
 
 o\ a-^ o — 
 
 (X 
 
 V V V 
 
 Copyright. 1801, by C. E.lIcKee.
 
 30 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 PHONETIC SPELLING. 
 
 In writing shorthand, all words are written as pro- 
 nounced, and no attention whatever is paid to the 
 common English spelling. Most words are made 
 shorter by being spelled phonetically, and as this is 
 the most natural and easy method conceivable, it is 
 of vast importance to the art of shorthand writing. 
 
 It would be a great blessing to humanity if phonetic 
 spelling was in every-day use. Our present spelling is 
 gradually changing to the phonetic, and we hope the 
 day is not far distant when our language will be written 
 as spoken. 
 
 The following selected words will train the learner to 
 a correct understanding of the real sounds contained in 
 words which are commonly spelled at variance to the 
 rule of phonetic spelling : 
 
 Rule. — Spell all words as pronounced. 
 
 a. bread bred, dead ded, fear fer, earth erth^ boat bot. 
 
 b. dumb dum, climb klim, doubt dout, debt det. 
 
 c. scent sent, science siens, check chek, quick kwik. 
 e. heart hart, same sam, write r/V, fine fin, awe «. 
 
 g. gnash nash, resign rezin, foreign forin, feign fan. 
 
 h. ghost gost, honest onest, rhetoric retorik, herb erb. 
 
 i. field field, hail hal, seize sez, saint sant, lien len. 
 
 k. know no, knife nifi, knight nit, knock nok, knave nav. 
 
 1. half hafi, walk wak, would wud, calm kam, talk tak. 
 
 n. kiln kil, hymn him, column kolum, condemn kondem. 
 
 o. people fiepl, broad brad, couple hupl, pigeon pi/n.
 
 PRINCIPLES. 
 
 31 
 
 p. corps kor^ cupboard kubrd, psalm sam, raspberry 
 razberi. 
 
 s. island Hand, isle //, viscount, vikount, aisle //. 
 
 t. match mach, latch lack, depot depo, often ofn. 
 
 u. guide ^/V, guard ^^ra', source sors, guinea ^/«^. 
 
 w. whole hoi, whom horn, owe o, sword sord, wrong rqng. 
 
 y. pray pra, they ^/la, delay dela, convey konva. 
 
 use f. phrase fraz, phlegm flem, laugh laf, rough ruf. 
 
 use j. gem jem, George jorj, judge juj, surgeon surjn. 
 
 use a. feign fan, reign ran, weigh wa, eight at. 
 
 use u. flew^«, knew nu, blew blu, lieu lu, few fu, 
 
 usesh. sure shur, ocean oshn, motion moshn, machine 
 mashen.
 
 32 NEV/ STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 COMBINATIONS CONTINUED. 
 
 In the preceding lesson the student was told to turn circles 
 and loops, when joined to straight lines, to the right; that is, 
 in the direction in which the hands of a clock move. When 
 circles or loops occur between two strokes, as shown in line i 
 on the following page, they can be turned in whichever 
 direction is most convenient for the writer. 
 
 Line 8 on the following page contains words ending in ing. 
 The termination i7ig is always expressed by the ng character. 
 
 The loops can be joined in a pendant manner when occurring 
 between two straight strokes, as shown in line 9. 
 
 Lines 11 and 12 on the following page contain words 
 beginning with w, and line 13, words beginning with wh. 
 The w is indicated by beginning the line which forms the 
 vowel across the stroke on which it is turned ; or in other 
 words, it is simply the last part of the 2£/ character that is used. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 In what way does the shorthand alphabet differ from the longhand 
 alphabet ? 
 
 Is there any similarity existing between letters represented by light 
 strokes and letters represented by shaded strokes ? 
 
 Why is it that more characters are employed in the shorthand alphabet 
 than are used in the longhand alphabet ? 
 
 How are the strokes representing /and v known from those representing 
 k and g ? Why is there so little use for a character representing c in short- 
 hand writing ? How are the vowels united with the consonant characters ? 
 In what direction should the circles and loops be turned when united with 
 straight lines ? When is it allowable to turn them in the other direction ? 
 How should the vowel n be written in the word pup ? How is the w and 
 wh written when beginning a word ?
 
 tip 
 
 COMBINATIONS, 
 
 CONTINUED, 
 cap keep 
 
 pave 
 
 > 
 
 33 
 
 teach 
 
 J 
 
 — o^ ^ ^ ^^-^ ^~^ 
 
 idea 
 
 .10 c Q 
 
 payee 
 
 iota poem 
 
 ^ ^ > 
 
 kaolin Ohio 
 
 If- \^ t/ <y- "^ & 
 
 c^ . 
 
 Copyright, 1801, bj C. E. McKce.
 
 34 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 THE HOOKS. 
 
 A small hook represents s. The hook is turned in the same 
 manner as the circles and loops, by turning to the right on 
 all straight lines and on the inside of all curves. When the 
 hook is shaded it represents the sound of z. This small hook 
 always represents j or z, whether it occurs at the beginning, in 
 the middle or at the end of an outline. See lines i to 7 on 
 the following page. 
 
 A large hook turned on any character represents n, as 
 shown in line 8. When this hook is shaded it represents m. 
 See line 10. This large hook always represents n or ;«, no 
 matter where it occurs. When used initially the n hook 
 expresses the syllables m, en and un, as shown in line 11 ; 
 while the m hook expresses the syllables ini, etJt and ttm. 
 
 In practicing this lesson, the learner should take special care 
 to form the small hooks as small as possible and the large 
 hooks of good size. There should always be such a vast 
 difference between them as to preclude any possibility of their 
 conflicting in writing. 
 
 To one accustomed to shorthand writing, hooks are 
 extremely easy of formation. They should be formed by 
 simply allowing the hand to turn them easily and naturally, 
 as a continuation of the character, and without forcing the 
 hand or checking the motion of the pen. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 For what is a small hook employed ? In what direction is it turned ? 
 What does a large hook represent? What syllable or syllables are 
 expressed by the large hook initially ? What does the large hook repre- 
 sent when shaded? How should these hooks be written that they may 
 always be legible ?
 
 THE HOOKS. 
 
 35 
 
 stay siio'iV sly spy 
 
 ^^-o ^-^ ^ '^ 
 
 slay slow 
 
 s stick steal stare steam stitch store" 
 
 3 speak 
 
 Spare 
 
 speed spoke , slam skip 
 
 ^r -^ ^- 
 
 4 
 
 «^^ ^tT "^ ■ "X, 
 
 ^O-i 
 
 ' ^ "k 
 
 latin heaten mitten taken 
 
 ~Vt) V^ —^ ~^ 
 
 demon. layman famine lemon 
 
 V2aiden fatten 
 
 human showman 
 
 ^Y- ^ O ^ 
 
 <3-N >= -^ 
 
 ^p 
 
 erf c^ 
 
 Copyright, 1891, by C. E. McKce.
 
 36 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 Thus far the shorthand writing has been made brief by a 
 simple alphabet and phonetic spelling. Another principle 
 employed whereby it is made briefer is by representing some 
 of the most commonly occurring words by the leading letter 
 of the word. 
 
 Since spoken English is largely composed of certain small 
 words which occur over and over, this method of abbreviation 
 is, when judiciously employed, very valuable. These common 
 words also form phrases of very frequent occurrence, and each 
 word is so represented as to produce a legible outline, and at 
 the same time one that will join in phrases with the utmost 
 ease. 
 
 It is sometimes advantageous to represent two words by the 
 same outline, as in the case of me and my, be and by, which 
 are given on the following page. Only such words as will 
 not give rise to any difficulty in reading, however, have been 
 represented in this way, and this system never so expresses 
 more than two words. 
 
 This list should be thoroughly committed, by first copying 
 the outlines a number of times with pen or pencil, and then 
 writing them from dictation. The sentences which follow 
 will show the practical use of such contractions. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 V/hat three principles have thus far been employed to render shorthand 
 writing brief ? How are you to know the word 7ne from my in reading 
 shorthand ? In what direction is the ;- written in the words or and our ? 
 "Why is it more perpendicular than the r in the word are ? Would you 
 think it necessary to shade the letter g in the word go ? Could it be read 
 as any other word than go if not shaded ?
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES.. 
 
 37 
 
 the that J you a-and as is ^c'^ w/y 
 
 to do no me-y so 'was thing to-do 
 
 of 'have go question which judge public be-y 
 
 / / / X- I I \ \ 
 
 will are 
 
 or-our he ypting wish 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 c ^ 
 
 / c o 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ • I 
 
 / ^ X 
 
 * / 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 5 ^ 
 
 / 
 
 / D 
 
 C o 
 
 / 
 
 ■^ 
 
 Cop!/right, 1801, bj C. E. McEee. 
 
 452:487
 
 88 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Another mode of contracting shorthand writing is by- 
 modifying the size or length of characters for the purpose 
 of expressing following sounds. In this system, all such 
 changes are of the simplest nature possible, and apply 
 to all the characters of the alphabet alike. 
 
 The stroke characters are all made half their usual 
 length for the purpose of adding a following r. By the 
 application of this principle, all of the r coalescents are 
 expressed with one stroke. The r coalesces with /, d,p, 
 b, k, g, /, th and sh, and is expressed by halving these 
 letters, as shown in lines i to 6. 
 
 When r follows other letters with which it never coa- 
 lesces, as in hear, near, etc., the r can be expressed also 
 by halving, as shown in line 6. For example, the word 
 near when written in this way could not be read nre 
 instead of ner, as the n and r never come together as 
 coalescents. 
 
 It will, perhaps, be of assistance to the learner to 
 observe that the letters with which r coalesces are 
 straight lines, except sh, and that the r does not coa- 
 lesce with the curves. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 When a character is made half its usual length, what letter is 
 implied? In the word hire, how do you know that the r comes 
 after the i, and why could it not be read hri? With what class 
 of letters does r coalesce, with the straight lines or the curves? 
 How are the words were and where written? What is meant by 
 the r coalescents?
 
 .HALVIKG PRINCIPMK. 
 
 39 
 
 Iray 
 
 ~D 
 
 trade 
 "^13 — 
 
 tree 
 
 •acker 
 
 > 
 
 try 
 
 pray pry 
 
 cry 
 
 treat frayed trick trim train 
 
 Y 
 
 V- 
 
 traitor cracker primer 'trimmer briefer 
 
 -IT- ^ ^-- -^ > 
 
 mere sir 
 
 1_ 
 
 higher hair share 
 
 ■^ -9 \o 
 
 ^ 4 ^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ; 
 
 ,/^ 
 
 there 
 
 dziring for ''^^y great church proper Iroad 
 
 - / / ^ I x \ 
 
 nor more su'ore large here year were ivhere 
 
 Coiiyright, 1891,^y C. E. McKco.,
 
 40 KEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 All the characters of the alphabet are lengthened for 
 the purpose of adding a following / or d. In writing 
 such words as read, need, etc., where a vowel intervenes, 
 the first consonant can be lengthened and vowel placed 
 at the end, as shown on lines 2, 3 and 4. 
 
 As a rule, no difficulty will be experienced in reading, 
 from allowing either a / or ^ to be added by lengthening. 
 Should there occur a case where such practice would 
 allow two words to conflict, then the lengthening prin- 
 ciple should only be permitted to express the letter /, 
 and the word containing the ^should be written out. 
 
 This lengthening principle is also applied to the hooks, 
 more especially the large hooks, as is shown in line 8. 
 Where a / sound follows these hooks, generally the n 
 hook, it blends with the n so completely that, even 
 though omitted in pronunciation, its absence is not very 
 noticeable. This being true, it will be apparent that 
 such words will be perfectly legible, even though the 
 writer fail to elongate the hook sufficiently to show 
 the added /. 
 
 In words like acted, ended, etc., where the (?^ expresses 
 the past tense, the ed can be expressed by superlenglh- 
 ening, as shown in line 10. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 What letters are expressed by the lengthening principle? Should 
 two words conflict from allowing either / or ^ to be added, how can 
 they be distinguished? How are the hooks written so as to indi- 
 cate an added t or d? Can the w and wh characters be lengthened 
 or enlarged to add t or d?
 
 LKHGTHEHma PRINCIPLK. 
 
 41 
 
 pint. 
 
 cast mind /«■/;?/ talked 
 
 need deed seed paid read suit 
 
 ~^i> cr 
 
 patent 
 
 parent paymeitt prominent pretend eminent 
 
 ^^ I 
 
 did said not might write Jet should 
 
 had could bid put with. wotild what 
 
 ^y ^ \^ \ <) 6/ Cy 
 
 Cojyyrigitt, 1891, Vy 0. E. Mi-Kee.
 
 43 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 HINTS UPON WRITING SHORTHAND. 
 
 In order to write shorthand rapidly and legibly, the 
 characters must be executed easily and with a continu- 
 ous gliding movement. The pen or pencil must be held 
 lightly, and in writing it should glide over the paper 
 with ease, grace and precision. 
 
 It should be the aim of every student to write short- 
 hand at least well, if not expertly, and in order to do 
 this it is necessary for the student to practice intelli- 
 gently and perseveringly. Beginners frequently write 
 shorthand in an awkward manner, and this can be over- 
 come only by patient practice, directed by a thorough 
 understanding of the requirements of the individual case. 
 
 The student should follow the copies given in each 
 lesson very carefully, observing the size, slant, etc., of 
 each character and the distance allowed between out- 
 lines. The outlines should be neither scattered nor 
 crowded, and, upon finishing an outline, the next one 
 should be commenced as the hand moves onward in a 
 direct line, thus aiming to lose no time or to cause no 
 useless expenditure of effort. Shaded characters should 
 be executed with one sweep of the pen and never by 
 retracing. 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 The, that, I, you, and, as, is, we, why, to, do, no, me, my, was, 
 thing, of, have, go, question, which, judge, public, be, will, are, or, 
 he, young, wish, there, during, for, very, great, church, proper, 
 broad, nor, more, swore, large, here, year, were, where, did, said, 
 not, might, write, let, should, had, could, but, put, with, would, what.
 
 SENTEECE^ 
 
 for practice in reading and •writing^ 
 
 43 
 
 y o v' -^ =^' 
 
 \ >= ^ 
 
 C7 
 
 /O 
 
 r 
 
 O D / 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 6/ 
 
 9 O 
 
 -^c. r- -^ -y 
 
 ~o 
 
 D o A-^ c 
 
 ^ ^ / ->- 
 
 r^ \— <:r< 

 
 44 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 6. 
 
 MINUTING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Since there are no tick characters in the alphabet, the 
 stroke characters can all be made into minute ticks, and 
 this is done for the purpose of adding a following /. See 
 lines I and 2. This principle enables us to express all 
 of the / coalescent combinations,//, bl, kl, gl and Jl, by 
 simply minuting the character which precedes the /. 
 
 When // or bl follow an m or 71, as in line 8, the tick 
 representing the // or bl should be struck backwards. 
 
 These minute characters should never become con- 
 fused with the half-length characters. When any char- 
 acter is ticked, it should be made as minute as can 
 naturally be formed, and as there is no danger of 
 making them too short, there can be a vast difference 
 made between the ticks and half-length strokes. 
 
 In writing words that begin with tick characters, as 
 shown in lines 5 and 6, care must be taken to make the 
 ticks perfectly straight. For example, in the v^ord plight, 
 if the // is written carelessly and allowed to curve, it will 
 have a tendency to present the appearance of a w or 7uh. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 For what purpose are characters made into minute ticks? How 
 short should the tick characters be made ? With what letters does 
 the /coalesce? How is //and <5/ written when they follow an fn or 
 n? What word is represented by a minute r? What is represented 
 by a minute y? How is the word shall written?
 
 MIEUTma PRINCIPLE. 
 
 45 
 
 — Q 
 treble 
 
 play 
 b 
 
 plight 
 
 
 title 
 
 horrible 
 
 ply 
 blame 
 
 ' fable 
 
 o( 
 
 scribble 
 
 cable 
 
 libel 
 
 able 
 
 clip 
 
 U 
 
 ? ^ 
 ^ > 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 /<? X °- 
 
 trijle 
 
 \s O^ ^ 
 
 clay 
 glad 
 
 CX 
 
 trickle 
 
 Jlow 
 / 
 
 split 
 
 equal 
 c3^ 
 
 —a 
 glee 
 
 fleet 
 J— 
 
 - \ -^ 
 
 12 
 
 / 
 
 people gentlemen shall soul mail 
 
 Capi/right, 1891, Ijr C. E. McKee.:
 
 *6 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 7. 
 
 THE REVERSING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 The circles, loops and hooks have heretofore been turned 
 on all straight strokes in a direct manner, and, therefore, 
 the reverse or opposite side of such characters remain 
 unused. 
 
 The circles, loops and hooks are now united with 
 strokes by a reverse motion ; that is, by a motion con- 
 trary to the direction described by the hands of a clock, 
 for the purpose of adding a following s or z sound. 
 
 It will be observed that this rule applies whether the 
 circles, loops and hooks occur initially or finally. In the 
 word ascribe, which is the third word in line 5, the vowel 
 i is medial, and as was stated in the beginning, when the 
 circles and loops occur in the middle of words, they can 
 be turned in whichever direction is easiest. It should 
 be noticed, however, that when two straight lines run- 
 ning in the same direction occur together, the easiest 
 way to turn the vowel is in the direct manner, and, there- 
 fore, they can be reversed to add s or z^ as is shown by 
 the first three words in line 2. 
 
 When the s hook is reversed it adds a following j, 
 thereby making the syllables sus, ses, etc., as shown in 
 line 8. 
 
 Line 10 contains words beginning with w and wh fol- 
 lowed by vowels, which are turned in a reverse manner 
 to add a following s ox z sound. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 For what purpose are the circles, loops and hooks written in a 
 reverse manner? When circles and loops occur in the middle of 
 words, does it matter in which way they are turned ? What syllables 
 are formed when the s hook is reversed?
 
 REYERSIKG PRINCIPLE. 
 
 47 
 
 cfays 
 
 taste 
 
 n 
 
 those pass 
 
 case these 
 
 test 
 
 task trace 
 
 dress 
 
 peace 
 
 price 
 
 4 \o ^ \r^^ ^ 
 
 5 O^ oy^ 0>\ 
 
 9 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 mittens kittens pretence importance opens diffeteiKe 
 
 . — -, :) 9 — ^ \ "^ Ov -. 
 
 -i: 
 
 inspire instead install insiribe institute instance 
 
 / 
 
 \ 
 
 u -_J / 
 
 o / 1 
 
 \ 
 
 _D 
 
 NO X 
 
 yesiis cases posess process this 
 
 Copyright, ISOl, bj C. E. McKce."
 
 48 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONTRACTED WORDS. 
 
 REVIEWED. 
 
 Before attempting to read the sentences on the follow- 
 ing page, the student should make a careful study of the 
 list of words as given below. This list contains all the 
 contracted words which have thus far been given, and 
 also all extra words which are represented by the same 
 outline. In those cases where two words are represented 
 by the same outline the new word which is now intro- 
 duced for the first time is printed in italics. 
 
 The, that, I, you, a-and, as, is, w^-way, why, \o-two, do, 
 no, me-my, so-society, was, ih'ing-ihink, of, h.a.\e-heaven, 
 go-God, question, which-^/^rt:^^*?, judge-///j-/, Y>'^h\\.c-publtsh, 
 be-by, will-7£'^//, are, or-our, he, young-yet, \v\sh.-she, there, 
 during, for, very, great, chnrch-charge, pro^tr-properiy, 
 hroad-3roug/if, nor, more, swore-^7^^^r, large, here-//<fr, 
 year, were, where, did, said, not-nofe, might-made, write- 
 right, \ti-light, should, had, could-^<?<?^, hnt-bonght, put, 
 with, would, what, rule, gentlemen, shall, soul -W^, mail, 
 people, Jesus, cases, possess, process, this-is. 
 
 No difficulty should be experienced from the two 
 words which are represented by the same outline, as 
 they have been so arranged as to prevent the words 
 from conflicting. The sentences on the opposite page 
 will show to some extent how easy it is to read the 
 proper word.
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 for practice in reading and writing. 
 
 / 
 
 '^ ^ 
 
 ^ / 
 
 r — "^ 
 
 ^ "^^ r~ 
 
 T) "^^ \ 
 
 49 
 
 3 >^^ 
 
 11 o V. 
 
 12 iy 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 > ' I = 
 
 /9 
 
 ^ / 
 
 u O
 
 50 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 SUBORDINATE RULES. 
 
 The r and / characters are written in an upright manner, 
 for the purpose of adding a following ch ox J sound, as shown 
 in lines i and 2. 
 
 The r and / characters are shaded for the purpose of adding 
 the sound of a following k or g, as shown in lines 3 and 4. 
 
 The ending shun is indicated after a circle or loop by allow- 
 ing the line to pass over the stroke on which the vowel is 
 turned, as shown in lines 5 and 6. The sound of shun is 
 generally preceded by a vowel, but when it is not, as in the 
 word action, the shun sound is indicated by a small downward 
 curve, as shown in lines 7 and 8. When this shim character 
 is shaded it indicates a preceding k sound, making the ending 
 ekshun, as shown in lines 9 and 10. 
 
 A dot is employed initially to represent the sounds eks, that 
 is X, and it is used finally to represent ly, as is shown in lines 
 1 1 and 1 2. When the letter x — that is, the sounds eks — occurs 
 in the middle or at the end of a word, as in next, the x is 
 written out as eks. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 When the r and / characters are written in an upright manner, what 
 letters are indicated as following ? When the r and / are shaded, what 
 letters are indicated as following? How is the syllable shwt expressed 
 after a vowel ? How is the syllable eksJmn expressed ? What does a dot 
 indicat'j before an outline ? What does it indicate at the end of an 
 outline ?
 
 SUBORDINATE RULES, 
 
 51 
 
 torch starch original indulge college legend 
 
 recommend regulated park elector collect 
 
 ^;_ ^^ < 
 
 °^_n. 
 
 nation passion occtipation edition nations 
 
 ^ V ^^ -^- ^■ 
 
 ^^ -^ ^ v^ x^ C_^ 
 
 action option portion intention actions 
 
 instruction section affection 
 
 detection 
 
 expect examine expense poorly slowly 
 
 ■ ^ ■<^ -^ y- ^- 
 
 Q 
 
 y^ A 
 
 rich legislate remark look -like 
 
 ( ) /- ^ 
 
 Copyright, 1891, by C. E. McKee.
 
 52 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 A number of frequently-occurring words are legibly written 
 by the use of a stroke and hook. On the following page is 
 given a list of such words, and although they could be easily 
 written out in full, yet they should always be written in the 
 manner shown, as there are important advantages to be secured 
 in the way of speed when so written. 
 
 Such lists of words must be so learned that the student can 
 write them properly from dictation without any hesitancy, and 
 read them back from his writing with an equal degree of 
 fluency. 
 
 As regards the formation of hooks, there is, perhaps, need 
 of a little explanation. It will be found in rapid writing that 
 there is a tendency to make large hooks after curves and small 
 hooks after straight lines. The hooks must, however, be 
 formed according to their proper size, no matter how or where 
 they occur. The small hook must always be small, and the 
 large hook must always be large. A very little care upon the 
 part of the writer will overcome the tendency above men- 
 tioned and enable him to make at all times and places just 
 what form is desired. This same tendency is true with respect 
 to circles and loops. They are apt to be larger after curves 
 than after straight lines. 
 
 REVIEW EXERCISE. 
 Write the outlines for the following words : Way, society, think, heaven, 
 God, change, publish, well, our, yet, she, property, brought, bought, swear, 
 her, note, made, right, light, good, sale. 
 
 For "Shuul'" Endings, see page 134.
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. ^^ 
 
 then time done soon same man Jiim shown 
 
 long run room been opinion can come general 
 
 tttrn sworn crime grand bring 
 
 — ) ^^ X^ X^ ^i 
 
 does most best less course force variotis 
 
 ' —^ ^^ ^ S ^ y y 
 
 ptirpose seem seen such second stand spirit 
 
 6 secitre strength several 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 ' — D O — ^ ^^-^ O — :3 O 
 
 8 — ^ Q X — ^ o — o d / 
 
 /O ^ c o ^ / ^ <^~^ -^ P — ^ X 
 
 J ^> / ] O X D X <^ X
 
 54 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 On the following page is given a list of commonly-occurring 
 syllables, which are expressed by the consonant outline. 
 These syllables are as legible as though the vowel in each was 
 written. For example, the letter b expresses the syllable be, 
 and never any other, and as consonants are always followed 
 by vowels, the absence of the vowel implies that the syllable 
 be is expressed, for if the syllable were any other than be it 
 would be written in full. This is true with all of the syllables. 
 Only those given in the following plates are abbreviated, all 
 others being written out in full. 
 
 When the syllable con is followed by a / or </ the con stroke 
 is lengthened to add the / or d, as shown on line 6 
 
 When the syllable con is followed by a -^ or ^ sound, as in 
 congress, the n hook is added to the syllable con so as to 
 facilitate the joining, as shown on line 7. 
 
 The syllables /^r and pro are expressed by pr, as shown on 
 lines 9 and 10, but the syllable /r^" is always written in full. 
 
 The syllables mul and mal are expressed by a minute m, as 
 shown on line 12. "" The m in this syllable need not be shaded, 
 as it is rather short to shade, and can be read as no other, 
 since the n is never made minute for an initial syllable. 
 
 The syllable sirk can be written by beginning with the s 
 hook or with the stroke s, as shown on line 14.
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 2 de ^"""^ V -.._ft 
 
 55 
 
 .4 €^« 
 
 6 cont 
 
 7 con 
 
 9 par 
 fro 
 
 mar 
 m II r 
 
 mttl 
 mal 
 
 s ^" con-m 
 tin 
 
 i sirk 
 
 -Q_ 
 
 X 
 
 \^^ X I 
 
 C " X ^ < < ^-
 
 56 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The syllables given on the following page are formed by tht 
 use of the consonants, as was done in the preceding plate. 
 
 The syllable self is expressed by a small s hook joined in an 
 angular manner, as shown in line 6. The consonant sounds 
 are not all expressed in the writing of this syllable se(f, a/id 
 it is, therefore, an exception to the statement that all the con- 
 sonant sounds are represented. 
 
 The syllables seti, sin, setn and sim are always written with 
 the s hook turned on an fi or tn, as shown in lines 9 and 10. 
 
 The syllables sun and su:n are always written with the stroke 
 s and a large hook, as is shown in line 11. The syllable san 
 and sam are also written in this manner. 
 
 Although in some instances two syllables are represented in 
 the same way, yet no inconvenience should arise from this, as 
 the syllables are such as will not form conflicting words. 
 
 These syllables must be practiced until they are perfectly 
 familiar, and until it becomes natural to represent them in the 
 manner here shown, in whatever connection they occur. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 How is the syllable con written ? How is it written when followed by a 
 >& or g ? What two syllables are expressed by pr ? How is the syllable 
 pre written ? What is the difference between the outlines for under and 
 enter ? How is the syllable self expressed ? How are all words begin- 
 ning with sin or sen written ?
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES, 
 
 continued. 
 
 bl 
 
 1 dis 
 
 6 self ^—9 
 
 7 stii 
 
 8 super 
 
 tern 
 dem 
 
 •^ 
 
 pen
 
 58 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 The final syllables which are given on the following 
 page are formed by the use of simply the consonant 
 characters, as was done in the case of the initial syllables. 
 In the syllables serve and ship, however, one of the con- 
 sonant sounds is omitted. The ending ship can be writ- 
 ten out in full very easily, but as the sh and p generally 
 carry the outline rather low, it has been abbreviated into 
 writing the sh, which, though most legible when detached, 
 can be joined to the preceding part of the word. 
 
 The different syllables given in this and the two pre- 
 ceding plates are always written in the same manner as 
 has been shown by the illustrations. These syllables, as 
 a rule, occur in many more words than are given in the 
 plates, and by understanding their use each syllable can 
 be written in its proper manner wherever it occurs. 
 
 The student should by this time begin to read some- 
 what from sight. That is, he should cease spelling words 
 out, but should remember them as wholes, and read as 
 one reads print by simply glancing at each word. The 
 student should persevere in this practice, and he will 
 shortly find that he will read shorthand writing as 
 naturally and easily as longhand. In reading print or 
 longhand we frequently read words that are misspelled 
 without noticing the error, and just so it is in reading 
 shorthand, the reader who reads from sight frequently 
 reads words that are badly distorted, or are not written 
 just as they should be, without noticing the bad shape 
 of the outline or the slight error in the formation.
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 59 
 
 1 aire 
 
 cede 
 side 
 
 3 sist 
 
 4 serve 
 
 5 form 
 
 6 feet 
 1 fleet 
 
 -7-^-1 f 1 VI 
 
 \— ^ 
 
 -7 > 
 
 8 ^'■'i/"-;' o ^ 
 
 10 f-^ /^ 
 
 12 w^«? Q_ 
 
 13 j/z?)? JP 
 
 " J^// 
 
 -1 /
 
 60 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONSONANT OUTLINES. 
 
 The student has, no doubt, observed by this time that 
 in certain words vowels can be omitted without imparing 
 the legibility of the writing. On the following page is 
 given a list of commonly-occurring words which are ad- 
 vantageously expressed by the consonants of each word. 
 
 The student should understand that while the vowels 
 are omitted in these words, yet in others they are of the 
 utmost importance. As a rule, initial vowels are the most 
 essential to legibility, and they should seldom be omitted. 
 The more important any vowel is in sound the more 
 essential it is that it should be written. In such words 
 as obey, essay, poem, iota, etc., the vowels are the life of the 
 word and without them such words would be wholly 
 unintelligible. 
 
 A good rule for the student to follow in regard to the 
 use of vowels in words not given in the text-book is, 
 never to omit a vowel sound any sooner than a conso- 
 nant sound, and to omit neither excepting when the word 
 will be perfectly legible with the omission. 
 
 Many are apt to suppose that legibility in shorthand 
 depends simply upon a full representation of the sounds 
 of the words, but this is a great mistake. A system 
 might be so formed, as some are, that even though every 
 sound is indicated the writing is not as legible as in a 
 system properly constructed that omits some of the 
 sounds. Legibility in shorthand depends upon the 
 writing being formed from regular, uniform alphabetic 
 characters by the use of simple, universal rules which 
 results in producing outlines having a characteristic 
 appearance that are like other outlines in proportion to 
 their likeness of pronunciation.
 
 CORSON ANT OUTLINES-. 
 
 OF COMMON AVORDS. 
 
 1 assist among amottnt America balance became begin 
 
 2 behind beyond bdief believe between both brother 
 
 3 booi carpenter chance character child correspond 
 
 \/ -^. L -^ -- ^-^ 
 
 4 clerk criminal culture danger direct develop disease 
 b duty drunk dwell expense experience fo7vcr fact 
 
 6 farther find first fire freozfut friend from fitnre 
 1 give-gave govern health help half hope heard -hard 
 
 8 loss life live J.ord mark modern material moral 
 
 B member move jnnch murder ne'c'er -nevertheless noitk 
 
 -^ -y ^ -- —? ^ -— 
 
 10 notes number one only part, person policy power 
 
 -^. O. — - 
 
 Mplural-iiy political possible principle profit provide 
 12 qttalify quarter reason race receive remember result 
 
 13 Spoke secretary sell slavery student study sudden 
 
 c :) c -. — ^ 
 
 14 success thank 'together word worth work world
 
 63 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 COMMON WORDS. 
 
 On the following page is given a list of commonly- 
 occurring words which are written from the natural ap- 
 plication of the principles which have preceded. This 
 list should be repeatedly written until each outline can 
 be formed correctly without referring to the copy. 
 
 KEY TO COMMON WORDS. 
 
 I. ask, any, all, again, against, at, able, awe. 2. before, 
 because, being, better, case, cause, careful. 3. death, 
 deed-dead, doubt, doing, effort, even. 4. ever, earth, 
 entirely, fast, found, honest, honor. 5, who, how, whose, 
 house, in, if, choose, law. 6. kind, last, letter, little, love, 
 mind. 7. men, man, nature, natural, next, nearly. 8. 
 offer, office, over, open, on-own, out, old, offices. 9. pass- 
 past, present, pleasant, practice, price, prices, please. 
 10. quick, quit, right-write, read, rest, real. 11. scholar, 
 speaker, sue, suit, south, tell, tells. 12. true-truth, 
 through, thought, them, us-use, used, under. 13. up, 
 upon, vice-voice, weeks, west, went, while. 14. when, 
 youth, yes, yes sir, yesterday, ye. 
 
 We deem it important for the student to write every 
 word as it will be used in actual work, and have, there- 
 fore, omitted the dot in the words beings through^ thought^ 
 them and yout/i, on the following page. 
 
 The letter y is generally written downwards, but can 
 be written upwards to advantage in the words yes, yes si'r, 
 yesterday and ye, as shown in line 14.
 
 COMhlQS WORDS. 
 o/" --- '^ cT' </ o— 
 
 > \^ \_ V ^ /P 
 
 63 
 
 Os O 
 
 TT 
 
 
 /^ ^ 
 
 I ^ 
 
 -'~^' 
 
 / / / 
 
 V^ ^ 
 
 -o 
 
 ~^ 
 
 \) 
 
 .JD 
 
 C 
 
 " ^ ^b / ^ 

 
 64 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 REVIEWED. 
 
 The following list contains a review of all the con- 
 tracted words that have been presented since our last 
 recapitulation on page 48. Those words which are 
 printed in italics are represented by the same outline as 
 the word preceding. 
 
 Rich, legislate, remark, look-like, then than, time, done 
 down, soon suti, same sotne, man many, him shown, long 
 length, run ruin^ room, been, opinion, can go?ie, come catne, 
 general, turn, sworn, cx'wix^ grand, bring, does, most must, 
 best, less, course, force, various, purpose, seem, seen sign, 
 such, second, stand, spirit, secure, strength strofig, 
 several saviour. 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 In the sentences which are given on the following page 
 a few words have been combined into phrases. For 
 example, the words that and which are united on line i, 
 and also the words do and ?iot. On line 3 the phrase can- 
 not occurs. On lines 4 and 6 the phrase is-as occurs. 
 Many more words could be phrased, but these few ex- 
 amples are deemed sufficient for the present. In the next 
 lesson the subject of phrasing is thoroughly explained. 
 
 These sentences should be practiced until they can be 
 written without any hesitancy. In practicing such sen- 
 tence exercises the student should aim to establish an 
 easy movement and increase his speed of writing.
 
 .^ / 
 
 SENTEN'CES. 
 
 for practice iii reading and writing 
 
 " 1 <? 
 
 65 
 
 V. — /x 
 
 3 O 
 
 >i o 
 
 go/'/ V-^ 
 :^^ — / ^ 
 
 B / I ^ / — 
 
 y \ <- O 
 
 10 ^ / - 
 
 \ 
 
 C O 
 
 ? ^ c O — D 
 
 D 
 
 X7 
 
 O 
 
 O 
 
 c;? 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 "D
 
 66 NEW STANDARD SHORTHANU. 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 
 PHRASE WRITING. 
 
 Two or more words can be joined together, making a phrase, 
 which should always be written without lifting the pen. Only 
 words which naturally blend together, or have some cornec- 
 tion, should be joined in writing. 
 
 The s hook is turned on other characters for the word as, 
 forming such phrases as as well as, as inany as, etc. , as shown 
 on line 5. The word has is written in the same manner as 
 the word as, the context always indicating which word is 
 intended. The word his is also expressed by the same outline 
 as used for the word is. 
 
 The word in can frequently be phrased to advantage by the 
 use of the large n hook, as is shown in the third outline in 
 line 14, which makes the phrase in which. The following 
 phrase is in such, the s being expressed by the reversed n hook. 
 
 The extent to which phrase writing should be carried in 
 shorthand is left largely with each writer. Care should 
 always be taken, however, to employ phrases only where they 
 will aid in writing, and be of no hindrance in reading. 
 There is practically no end to the different combinations of 
 words that could be formed, but only those which are of com- 
 mon occurrence, and composed of from two to three words, 
 are of special importance to the writer. 
 
 The phrases which are given in this and the following plate 
 are of the most practical value, and no student should stop 
 short of employing at least these illustrations in his writing.
 
 PHRASE WRITING. 
 
 67 
 
 3 and 
 
 all 
 
 has 
 
 6 le 
 
 s ^ 
 
 8 dill 
 
 9 ,^ 
 
 10 J^rtt^ 
 
 kis 
 is 
 
 /2. 
 
 12 ^atr /-~~^ 
 
 
 °^ (9 ® O 9 
 
 •^ c^ ■^-^ ^^ 
 
 7 
 
 7 / / ^ / 
 
 13/ "^ 
 
 H, 2« 'S'^ ^ 
 
 / 
 
 f Q_9 c:^
 
 68 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 PHRASE WRITING. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The word not can be added to stroke characters by the use 
 of the large n hook, as shown in line 2. This method of 
 expressing 7iot is especially valuable in the phrase could not, as 
 the n stroke would not join easily. 
 
 J The n stroke is joined to other characters to express the 
 words on and own, as shown in line 3. The context readily 
 indicates whether the word on or 07i'n should be read. 
 
 The words there and ot/ier can both be written with the 
 half-length t/i, as shown in line 6, since the context will 
 always show which word should be read. 
 
 The word t/ie can be phrased with any character by a slight 
 retracing, as is shown in line 8. 
 
 The tick which expresses the word t/iat is always written 
 downwards when standing alone, but in phrases it is sometimes 
 written upwards. In the last phrase in line 9, which is t/iat 
 iliat, the first that is struck upwards, so that the phrase will 
 not look like that the, which is the last phrase in line 8. 
 
 When the word your is joined with other words the ti can 
 be omitted, as shown in line 11. 
 
 Line 12 is composed of phrases in which the connecting 
 word is omitted, such as by and by, one by one, etc. 
 
 The phrases given in lines 13 and 14 are of somewhat 
 technical formation, and as they are of frequent occurrence 
 the student should commit them to memory.
 
 1 inc-iuy 
 
 PHRASE WRITING. 
 
 continued. 
 
 69 
 
 2 not 
 
 3 on-oivn 
 
 their 
 there 
 other 
 
 7 than 
 
 5 io 
 
 ""^ 
 
 8 the 
 
 / 
 
 a 
 
 that 
 
 6 
 
 10 }'01l 
 
 -^ 
 
 / ^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 XV yotir 
 
 n Ns^ 
 
 ^ yy 
 
 in the on the of the as the is the and in has heen 
 
 in any in your who are in this action not l>een at the lime
 
 70 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 ADVICE TO THE STUDENT. 
 
 The shorthand writing on the following page is for the 
 purpose of giving the student practice in shorthand reading 
 and writing. It contains words of instruction which every 
 thoughtful student will take pains to follow. Some valuable 
 hints may also be obtained from a close observation of the 
 phrases employed. 
 
 The student has, no doubt, by this time observed that in 
 order to thoroughly master a principle of shorthand it is 
 necessary to practice it over many times. The mere theory 
 of shorthand writing can be learned in a few days' time, but 
 in order to become proficient in its use much practice is 
 required. 
 
 The student should aim to become so familiar with short- 
 hand writing as to enable him to write with as little thought 
 as is required to write longhand. When such familiarity 
 is gained with the shorthand outlines writing becomes a 
 great pleasure. 
 
 The learner should also observe whether in his individual 
 case it is easier to write shorthand than to read it, and give 
 special attention to practice in that direction in which he is 
 most deficient. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 What is meant by phrase writing? To what extent should phrase 
 writing be employed ? How is the phrase could not written ? How is the 
 word t/ic phrased? How is the vioxAyour written when phrased? How 
 are such phrases as by and by written ? How are the phrases in the, on the 
 and of the written ? What is the object of phrasing ? Which is the more 
 difficult, to write shorthand or to read shorthand ?
 
 ADVICE TO THE STUDENT. "^i 
 
 3 " 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 C" 
 
 V ^ ^ 
 
 0~^ 
 
 -^ 
 
 \ V^ o ^ 
 
 O /^ o 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 U • /\ /- ^>
 
 72 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 13. 
 
 FORMATION OF OUTLINES. 
 
 Since many words can be written in more than one way, the 
 question often arises as to which is the best outline for a word. 
 There are at least three points which should always be taken 
 into consideration in the outlining of words. They are 
 legibility, simplicity and analogy. That form of outline 
 should be selected which secures these three essential features 
 in their highest degree of perfection. 
 
 The words given on the following page are mostly of pecu- 
 liar formation, and will serve to show the flexibility of 
 principles rather than the regular application of rules. 
 
 Line i illustrates the preserving of analogy. Line 2 
 contains words in which it is best to use a character that but 
 ap])roximately represents the sound. Line 3 shows the large 
 hook used initially, which is elongated to add the following i 
 or d. Line 4 show?; how one straight line can be joined with 
 another when both extend in the same direction. Line 6 
 contains words in which it is advantageous to reverse a circle 
 or hook on curved strokes. Line 7 shows how s is expressed 
 after w or wh, that is by slanting the zu backwards, or writing 
 it in an upright manner. Line 8 contains words ending in 
 y in which the finally or /sound is omitted. Line 9 shows that h 
 can be omitted in some words without impairing the legibility. 
 
 The vowels o and u are sometimes omitted when they occur 
 between two stroke characters, as is shown in line 10. The 
 vowel in such cases can be readily supplied in reading, as no 
 other vowels are omitted, and hence the absence of a vowel 
 implies that it is either o or u.
 
 FORMATION OF OUTLINES. 
 
 73 
 
 1 siniilar similarity dissimilar continue continuance 
 
 i actual habitual congratulate fraudulent cordial toward 
 
 3 intelligent intelligible intellect indispensible independent 
 
 4 undertake entertain perpetual forfeit perpetrate 
 
 5 asstias^e suasion persuade requisite betwixt bewitch 
 
 ^ ^-^- ^— C^ Nr-^ ^ 
 
 c assent assign essence .assignee susceptible assault 
 
 7 zoays ^uhy's what is 'whereas Hie- wise always 
 
 8 insanity huDianity popularity innnortality faculty 
 
 9 comprehend adhesive behave behalf perhaps exhibit 
 
 10 tooh stock now potatoes territory monotony 
 
 11 paying p'-'i'^-^ drying drink eying ink ozving 
 
 12 elite blue Jliw plough cloud club flute 
 
 ^ ^ y ^ t> ^X ^y-
 
 74 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 DERIVATIVE OUTLINES. 
 
 The plate of words given on the following page are 
 termed derivative outlines, since they are principally de- 
 rived from a root word, the writing of which has already 
 been given. 
 
 In writing the word out and all of its derivatives it is 
 immaterial whether the loop is shaded or not, since the 
 outline cannot make any other word than out. See lines 
 6 and 7. The third word in line 7 is the word outline, in 
 which the / is omitted, since it would make an indistinct 
 joining with the letter /. 
 
 In the word over and its derivatives the can be 
 omitted provided the writer finds it sufficiently advan- 
 tageous, as is shown in line 8. 
 
 In the words ending in on, as hereon, thereon, the syllable 
 on is expressed by simply the n stroke, but in words end- 
 ing in in, as herein, therein, etc., the syllable in is written 
 out in or expressed by the n hook. For an illustration 
 see the last word in line 11 and the first word in line 12. 
 
 The e is omitted in the syllable ever in such words as 
 wherever, whatever^ whoever, however and whenever, as 
 shown on line 13. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 When a word can be outlined in different ways, what three 
 essential points should be considered in making the selection ? 
 What is meant by preserving analogy? How is s expressed after 
 IV in ways? When can the letter h be omitted? When can the 
 vowels <7 and e< be omitted? How is the omission known? How 
 are the words ending 'r> 011 distinguished from those ending in in? 
 Can the o be omitted in .he word over? Would there be a liability 
 of reading it very, or would the context distinguish them ?
 
 DERIVATIVE OUTLINES. 
 
 75 
 
 1 all ^^^\.-~^ 
 
 o\_ 
 
 ^^V_. . ^=^ /- <^ > 
 
 4 Jiere ^ 
 
 5 Jo 
 
 9 'vJiere 
 
 n XI- 
 
 Q_ 
 
 <??// 
 
 
 7 
 
 Z_ 
 
 
 \ / 
 
 cy^ 
 
 y 
 
 until 
 
 ^> 
 
 there 
 
 ~7 ~^ —p 
 
 ever y C^ 
 
 V -/ ^ 
 
 > / 
 
 -7 ^^^-7
 
 "76 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 SIMILAR WORDS DISTINGUISHED. 
 
 On the following page is given a list of words which 
 are similar in pronunciation, and, therefore, somewhat 
 similar in formation. These words are such as should 
 be distinguished in writing in order to secure perfect 
 legibility. The student will observe that in most in- 
 stances the division of syllable, accent or other peculi- 
 arity in pronunciation determines the particular form 
 of outline. 
 
 Occasionally the outlines of two words may be some- 
 what similar, although the words are considerably dif- 
 ferent in pronunciation, and, therefore, when outlining 
 words in shorthand, it is well to take into account the 
 possibility there is of the outline selected becoming like 
 some other word when subjected to rapid execution. 
 The outlines adopted in New Standard Shorthand have 
 been as far as possible selected so as to preclude the 
 possibility of their conflicting in the most rapid execu- 
 tion, and the thoughtful writer will carry this principle 
 out in the outlining of words. 
 
 The student who is careful to preserve a distinction 
 between all words which are liable to conflict is the one 
 who never makes mistakes in reading his notes. Very 
 frequently the legibility of a word depends upon the 
 particular length of a stroke, and until the writer has 
 become proficient in actual shorthand work, he should 
 take great care to form every character with precision.
 
 SIMILAR WORDS 
 
 DISTINGUISH ED. 
 
 arms q^ 
 armies 
 
 emigration 
 
 immigration 
 
 fght 
 
 fi, J 
 
 farther ^ 
 ftirtJier ^ 
 
 iiievifable 
 unavoidable 
 
 however — -f 
 
 human ^/—^ 
 humane 
 indebted C ^ 
 
 Z. 
 
 indicted C 
 
 m^emoiis 
 
 tttzentioiis 
 
 into 
 unto 
 
 this 
 these 
 
 patron 
 
 Vo 
 
 pattern 
 
 V 
 
 proscribe 
 
 \'\ 
 
 prescribe 
 
 ^\ 
 
 quit qui 
 
 ie ^^ 
 
 quiet ^ 
 
 / 
 
 sejtt 
 
 ^r--. 
 
 send 
 
 --- 
 
 true. — 
 
 - 
 
 through 
 
 ~^ 
 
 yourself 
 
 ./— 
 
 yourselve 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 veracity^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 voracity
 
 78 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 SHORTHAND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 The different marks of punctuation used in shorthand 
 writing are shown on the following page. The most of 
 these are so nearly like the marks used in ordinary 
 writing and printing as to be self-explanatory. 
 
 The underscore is drawn beneath any word to capi- 
 talize it. 
 
 The mark called slur is used in much the same way as 
 the underscore, excepting that its special use is to con- 
 nect a number of outlines or words which are generally 
 expressed by their initial letters by striking it above 
 them. As for example in writing long titles as, The 
 American Baptist Publication Society, or The Young 
 Men's Christian Association. 
 
 The mark which indicates doubt is used in shorthand 
 notes to show that for some reason the writer is in doubt 
 as to the correctness of a word or statement, which should 
 be inquired into at the close of the dictation. 
 
 SHORTHAND NOTATION. 
 
 Amounts and periods of time are written as illustrated 
 on the following page. It will be observed that the 
 order of figures, as hundreds, thousands, millions, etc., are 
 expressed by the initial letter of each. 
 
 The following is a key to the last seven expressions 
 on the following page : Ttventy-four miles, three feet, ten 
 inches, seven pounds, three shillings, six pence, ninety-nine 
 times out of a hundred. 
 
 The shorthand writer should be expert in the forma- 
 tion of good figures. They should be of medium size, 
 and written without shades.
 
 SHORTHAND FUNCTUATIOK 
 
 79 
 
 Period 
 
 Comma 
 
 Semicolon 
 
 Colon 
 
 Dash 
 
 Underscore 
 
 Farenthcsis f J Section V 
 
 Exclamation ' Dotilit ( (y 
 
 Interrogation ^ Sliir ^ - 
 
 Caret /\ Applause ^^O^ 
 
 Paragraph r^ Laughter ?T) 
 
 Asterisk (^ Hissing _@ 
 
 SHORTHAND ROTATION'. 
 
 1 kimdred 2^ ^L^ S^ 6^^ 2- 2^ 
 
 2 thousand -J- 2^ -^ > 4£.^ 6/ 
 
 3 million 3. ^ / — ^ -7^-^^ ^Z-^ 2iL^ 
 
 4 dollars -£__ 3. /(P 4l> 7^_ 
 
 5 periods of time 
 
 -2. 
 
 r "^ 7-^ 
 
 4/ 
 
 ^ ..-^v ^ ^- ^. 
 
 J^ 
 
 ^ \j 7?_D ^"7 /^(J'
 
 80 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 EEPORTim COETRAGTIOMB, 
 
 FINAL LIST. 
 |l 'about accordmg advantage advertise appropriate 
 
 o^ ^ cry c— 0\' 
 
 a accomplish another 
 
 s christian-ity circumstance 
 
 ^ r 
 
 A defendant establish 
 
 "7 "-^ 
 
 6 language viagnijicent-ce 
 
 ? 
 
 itotwithstanding order -nary opportunity propose particula* 
 
 % peculiar period represent people plaintiff revolution 
 
 e perpendicular-ity revelation subject suggest sufficient scriptttre 
 
 ■ V^v -^ --\ — 1 V" ^ 
 
 « signify icant superintend-ent w he I her hing kingdom. 
 
 The above reporting contractions concludes the list 
 of contracted words that are employed in the writing 
 of New Standard Shorthand. After these are committed 
 to memory the student should practice writing all the 
 derivatives of each word. 
 
 The practice of contracting words in shorthand writing 
 can be carried to an indefinite extent, but it is not at all 
 necessary in order to become proficient in all kinds of 
 shorthand work to contract words any further than is 
 illustrated in this text-book. 
 
 Derivatives of above contractions will be found on pages 147 and 14S.
 
 ADVICII TO YOUNG MEN. 
 
 GARFIELD. 
 
 L Z -^ o l^ 
 
 81 
 
 8 C 
 
 ^ 
 
 o 
 
 
 ^ X^ \X^ /^^ o 
 
 o v_ / X" - ^g) 
 
 D / o /^ X 
 
 <r-^ ^ O X> X ^ O 
 
 a? 
 
 o 
 
 r" o 
 
 ^
 
 82 
 
 GEM^ OF.POKTRX 
 
 — ^ V- \ ^ ^ - — ^ 
 
 o <r— ^ — ^ — • .^ 
 
 \ / 
 
 o 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 -y - V 
 
 ^ ^
 
 COMMERCIAL CORRESPONB'ENCK. ^^ 
 Letter Ko.L 
 
 -^ 
 ^ 
 
 ^v <^-^/ 
 
 -^ >^ o ° ^^^ S — ^-^ 
 
 "^^ / -^ 
 
 /9 
 
 -u 

 
 84 
 
 LETTER No. II. 
 
 Z? 
 
 s^- ^-^ ^ 
 
 cr-p / — ox ^f^ 
 
 Q_ 
 
 ^7 ^^ 
 
 X 
 
 ^' V 
 
 ^ : 
 
 
 "/J- 
 
 0~ c- 
 
 e 
 
 i2, . 
 
 
 6 
 
 tf- -£) 
 
 o/ 
 
 \ / 
 
 ^ -/y 
 
 ^-^ 
 
 y
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 o c 
 
 r 
 
 / 
 
 LETTER No. II 
 Continued. 
 
 85 
 
 r A 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ o = 
 
 -^ 1 ° / X 
 
 CTn. 
 
 o ^ — 
 
 -~\ cT — o \ - 
 
 ■-. / \ / 
 
 ^ 
 
 Q 

 
 86 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 
 
 The following shorthand vocabulary contains the shorthand 
 outlines of more than one thousand practical English words. 
 
 This list has been selected with a view of furnishing the 
 student with the correct outline for the leading words of the 
 language, and is sufficiently comprehensive as to furnish a key 
 to the correct outlining of all words.
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY, 87 
 
 1 abatidon abbreviate abhor aioiish aooinination aborigines 
 
 V-^ <^ -^^ ov 
 
 2 abscess absence absolute absorb absurd abundant acadein 
 
 ^ ^^V^ "^ ^^vx ^^" 
 
 3 acceleration accept accessible accident accommodation account 
 
 (Ts (T^ (T- 6^~' d"'^^ <i"^ 
 
 \ accompany accomplishment accountant accumulation accuracy 
 
 f>ac/:nov.iledsre accurate accustom acquaint aoquaintance acquire 
 6 acquisition acquittal adaptation adaptability address adhere 
 
 7 ctdequate adhesive adjacent adjective adjourn adjustment 
 
 J^ ^-7 ^ V/ ^-^ V. 
 
 8 admirable administet admission advance advetittcre adversary 
 adversity advisable advocate aerial cvsthetics ajj'idavit aj/nin 
 
 10 affirmative afford aq^ravate agency aggregate ' asritation 
 
 11 agreeable alcoJiol alloioance almanac alphabet alternate 
 
 12 amanuensis ambitious amendment amusement American 
 
 13 amicable analogy ancestor angular animal annihilation 
 
 14 anniversary annoyance annual annuity anonymous answer 
 
 15 answerable antagonistic antarctic anterior antliracite antique 
 
 16 antiquity anticipation antitJiesis anxiety anxious apologize
 
 88 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 ajipardtns appearance applicable appreciate appre/ienJ 
 
 %—- ^ Ov/^ (X^^ CX^_^ 
 
 2 approximately aqueduct arbitrary architect argument 
 
 3 aristocracy aristocratic^ arithmetic arithmetician aroinid 
 
 4 article artistic ascertain assassin assembly assertion assist 
 
 5 assessment assi<:nment assistance association associate 
 
 c assurance astonish astronomer at/ieism atlieist athletic 
 1 Atlantic atmosphere attainment attendance attention attorney 
 
 8 audience augment authenticity author authority authorize 
 
 o— ^ c5^^^ cr^_^= — o— o-° — o^ 
 
 9 avenue auxiliary average avocation bachelor backwards 
 
 10 bankbook baptize bankrupt bargain before luind beginning 
 
 11 beiiediction beneficent beneficial benevolent bereavement 
 .12 book-keeper borrow boundary burdensome burglar cabinet 
 
 13 calamity calculation campaign capital capacity carelessness 
 
 14 catalogue catholic catJiolicism celebration centennial center 
 
 15 central ceremony certain certificate challenge cJiastisement 
 
 <—- ^-^ —^ -7^ Ck \y-^ 
 
 16 cheerfulness clieinistiy Christianity ' citizen civilization
 
 " "Z.^ SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 89 
 
 1 classical cognizance coincide collateral combination college 
 
 2 commemoration commencement cot?tt?terce commercial 
 
 3 commodity commonplace commonwealth communion 
 
 4 companion comparison compensation competition complainant 
 
 5 comprehension complex complicate composition compromise 
 c computation concern concealment concoitration conclude 
 
 > concl iision condemnation conduct confederate conference 
 
 8 confiscate congenial congratulation congregation congress 
 
 9 conjecture conscience consciencioiis consciousness consequence 
 
 10 considerable consignment consolation consonant constituent 
 
 11 constitution constrztct construction context • consumption 
 
 12 contaminate contemplation contemptible continuation 
 
 13 continue contradiction contradistinction contrary contribution 
 
 14 contro-versy convenience conversation conviction co-operation 
 
 /^^^ </ ^O? /^ /^^^ 
 
 15 copyright corporation coned correction correspondence 
 
 iG country corroboration counteract counterfeit creation credit
 
 90 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 criminal criticise cultivation cttltiire ctistoin customary 
 
 2 damage danger debility declaration decoration deficiejicy 
 
 3 degeneration del iterate deliberation delinquent deliverance 
 J deliver demonstration denomination dentist denunciation 
 5 department deponent deportment deposition depreciatz 
 
 c derangement desecription desecration desideratum destination 
 7 destitute destruction deteriorate deterioration determination 
 
 8 detestable detriment develop development deviation devoted 
 
 9 dexterous diagram dictation diffeience different digestion 
 10 dignified dilapidate diligent dimension diminish diphtheria 
 
 11 diploma direct direction disagreeable disappearance disaster 
 
 12 disastrous disburse discern discharge disciple discipline 
 
 i^ discontentment discontinue discount discourage discover 
 
 n discriminate disgrace dishonest dishonorable disinterested 
 15 dismissal disobedient dispensation disposition disqualify 
 
 \6 disrespectful dissatisfaction dissimilar dissipation dissolve
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABUIvARY. 91 
 
 1 distance distinction distingttisA distribution distrustful 
 
 1 disturbance diversify diversity divinity divorce dominion 
 z dollar doithtful doxology dramatic draivee druggist djunkard 
 
 4 duplicate durability during eastern eccentricity ecclesiastical 
 
 5 ecclectic economical economy educate education efficient 
 
 6 effort elasticity electricity electrotype elementary eligible 
 
 7 elliptical eloctition , eloqtience elucidate emancipation 
 
 8 embarrass embezzlement emblematical embodies emergency 
 
 9 employs employer employment eiuourage eruyclopedia 
 
 10 endanger endeavor endurance energetic energy enforcement 
 
 ^ ^ c^ ^ c ^-, 
 
 Vi enforce ern^age engineer English engrave enjoyment 
 
 ^ ci 1- ^ ^ V, 
 
 12 enlargement enormous entertain enthusiasm enthusiastic ^ 
 
 13 enumeration envelop epidemic episcopal equatorial equity 
 
 \^ equinoctial eqtiitable erro7teously especially estimaticm eternal 
 
 n eternity etiquette evangelical evideiue evolution excepting 
 16 exaggeration examination exceedingly excellent exceptionable
 
 92 NKW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 excessive exclaviatory excruciating exectition executive 
 
 t exhibit existence exorbitant expect expedient expenditure 
 
 s expensive experience experiment explanation exploration 
 
 4 explicit exportation exposition express expression exquisite 
 
 B extemporaneotis extemporary exterior extermination external 
 
 6 extinguish extraordinary extravagance extreme facilitate 
 
 7 facsimile factory faculty failure famous fashion fashionable 
 
 /^--^ /^ /-\ cV ^^— -^ ■ C 
 
 8 favor favorable fermentation ferocity fiction fictitious figure 
 
 a fidelity figurative financial fire-engine fireman flourish 
 10 fluctuation foolish forfeit formality fortunate foundation 
 
 11 fortune fracture franchisement fraternal fraternity fulfill 
 
 VI fraudulent friendship frugality fundamental funeral furnish 
 
 13 gazette generation generosity german germinate gesture 
 
 14 glorious gospel government graduation grammar grocery 
 
 \h grammatical grand-jury guarantee guaranty guilty habit 
 
 -7 " ' 
 
 habitual halleujah fiand kerchief haphazard harmonize
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABUI<ARY. 
 1 harvest headquarters he,iiurrhage Iienceforth hereditary 
 
 1 heroic hesitation hieroglyphic historical hitherto holiday 
 
 3 homicide .honestly honorably horizontal horticulture hospital 
 
 4 humility hundred husband hydraulic hygiene hypothesis 
 
 5 identical identify idoli::e ignominious ignoramus ignorant 
 
 C illegible illiterate illustration imagination immaterial 
 
 7 immediate immorality immortal impartial imperative 
 
 8 importance impossible imprison improve inability inasmuch 
 
 9 inaccessible inanimate inatiguration inclination inconsistent 
 
 10 include iiuomprehensible inconvenience indemnity indenture 
 
 c7 
 
 6 c-^ ^^ 
 
 11 indiscriminate individual indorse industrious industry 
 
 C 
 
 12 inefficient inevitable inferiority infidelity influence iniquity 
 
 13 influential inheritance tnitiatio7t innumerable inoffensive 
 
 U insanity instantaneous insurrection integrity intellectual 
 15 intelligent interesting interferance interior interrogation 
 
 16 internal interrogatory intestate intoxication introduction 
 
 ^ ^
 
 94 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 introductory invention investigate invincible involuntary 
 
 2 invoice irrecoverable irregularity irrelative irrelevant italic 
 
 3 irresistible irresponsible irritation jealous journal journalist 
 
 4 judgment judicial judicious jurisdiction jurisprudoue 
 
 U^ I — o L^^ !_, si__, 
 
 5 justification kingdom labors laborious landlady landlord 
 
 6 languish, lawyer lecture legal legality legislation legislature 
 
 7 lexicographer liberality librarian licentious . liquidate liquor 
 
 ,8 literature location locality lucrative luxury machine 
 
 9 magazine magnanimous magnetism ■ magnificent magnify 
 
 10 majority manifestation manufacture marsha.ll masculine 
 
 11 masonic mathematics mature maximum meantime measure 
 
 12 mechanical medical rnedicinal medicine meditate memory 
 n memorandum mental mention. mercantile .merchandise 
 
 u merchant meritorious mesmerism method rnetJiodical 
 
 15 tnethodist metropolis metropolitan millennium milliotmire 
 
 16 million minister miscellaneous mischievous miserable
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 95 
 
 1 inisrepreseiti missionary misunderstand modern money 
 
 2 misunderstood monopolize mother mountain movement 
 
 3 'municipal murder murderer museum jnusician mutual 
 
 4 mysteriouH naturalize neglect negligent negotiation neuralgia 
 
 5 nevertheless newspaper nobody nomination nonsense normal 
 
 6 north-east north-easter 7t north-west north-western notice 
 
 J 
 
 7 notoriety notorious notwithstanding nuisance numeration 
 
 8 obligation obscure observation obstacle obstruction occasion 
 <N^ ^N^ "N' %-^ N^ /^ 
 
 9 occurrence offensive offer office officer official omnipotent 
 \(i omniscient operation opponent opposition oratorical oratory 
 
 ■I / 
 
 II otdi}uiry organization organize orthodox oxygen pamphlet 
 
 npanorama parallel paralyze parentage parliamentary patriot 
 i3 participate partnership patriotism pecuniary penurious 
 
 u peradventttre percentage perennial pernieate persecution 
 
 ^ ^ v--^ \^-,^ N/-- 
 
 \hpersonal perspicuity perspiration persuasion perusal 
 
 ^petitioner ' phenomenon philosopher J)honpgraphy physical
 
 96 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 physician physiology picture pilgrim plaj\ifis>n plausible 
 
 2 pneumonia political polytechnic popularity population 
 
 3 possessor postmaster post-office practicability predecessor 
 
 4 precede preparatory p'-(possess presbyterian prescribe 
 
 ^privilege problem proceedings procrastination procure 
 e prodjice production profess profession professor proficiency 
 
 proficient profitable prognosticate progression progressive 
 
 8 prohibition promiscuous promissory pronunciation propensity 
 
 9 prophesy proprietor proscribe prosecution prospective 
 
 \(i prosperity protection protestant providence pulmonary 
 upttncttial purchase purgatory pursttcint quadi uped quantity 
 
 -^ \ ^ x^ /^X x^ 
 
 Vi qualification quarantine quartette quinine quitclaim 
 
 K quotation railroad railivay reaction reality rebel rebel 
 
 14 receipt recess reciprocal recognize recoj): mcndation rectitude 
 \^reconnaiter reconsideration recreation reduction re -enforce 
 
 A- c^ ^-^ ^. ^ 
 
 10 re-elect re-enforcemcnt re-imbursemeni re-iterate relative
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 
 
 97 
 
 1 reliable religion religious relinquish remarkable remittance 
 
 2 remembrance reminiscence remonstrate remuneration reporter 
 
 3 reorganization repentance reproduce republic republican 
 
 ^T^ ^-^^ z"^^— r\ /'^^ 
 
 i request requital research residence resolution resort resource 
 
 5 respectful respondent responsible restaurant result reunion 
 
 6 resurect-ion revelation revererue revival revolutionize 
 
 t rhetoric rhetorical rheumatism righteous righteousness 
 
 8 romantic royalty ruin sabbath sacrifice sagacity salvage 
 
 9 salvation sanctification sanctimonious sanguine sarcasm 
 
 10 sarcastic schedule scientific secession self-evident semicircle 
 ti sensation sepulchre serious sermon settlement sextant 
 '^'^ shipwreck short-hand signature simplicity simuItaiUi'iis 
 
 13 singular situate situation slavery solemn solicit solicitude 
 
 u solitary solvency somewhat southeast sound southwest 
 
 \b specification speculation standard stationary statistics 
 
 ^O %.Ao c c 7</^ c 
 
 ^ 
 
 16 statue statute statutory stipulation stockholder subjection
 
 98 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 ,1 subjugation stibjtnictive sublimity subordinate subordination 
 
 2 subscription substance substantiate substitution succession 
 
 3 successive sticcessor summons supet abundance superfluous 
 i suicide superior superiority supernatural supersede suppose 
 5 iuper structure supposition supremacy supreme susceptible 
 
 6 sitrgeon surround surveyor sympathetic synonymovs synopsis 
 
 systematic systematize tabernacle tariff technical telegram 
 
 5 telegraph telescope temperance tendency termination territory 
 
 9 terrestrial testimonial testimony text-book thanksgiving 
 
 theatrical theoretic theory thorotigh thousand to-morrow 
 
 ~u~^ 
 
 11 thoughtlessness topographer tragedy transcend transcendent 
 
 12 transcribe transfigziration transformation transient transition 
 
 13 trangression transitory translation transplant travel 
 
 14 transportation transposition treacherous treasurer tribunal 
 
 V. 
 
 -6 ' . 
 
 15 tremendous trigonometry trinitarian triumph troublesome 
 
 tuition tyranical tyranny ultimate umpire unaccountable
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABUI^ARY. 
 
 99 
 
 1 unavoidable nncertain tincivilized uncommon unconscious 
 
 2 unconstitutional underhand undoubted unequal imfortunatc 
 
 ^f~^ C— 6~^ C— ^^ c^~^ 7 
 
 s uninterested union universal university unless unnattiral 
 
 4 unjtecessary unqttalified unrighteous unsatisfactory utility 
 
 5 unsuccessful unwilling utmost uttera/tce vacation valuable 
 
 ^' c-~v_ ^^--^ ^ j^ cA^ 
 
 (, valedictory valuation variation variety vegetation verbatim 
 7 verdict verification verify viaduct vicissitude victorious 
 
 s victory vindicative virtue vocabulary volume voluntary 
 
 l^ J-^^ f l^^ <_, -^. 
 
 9 warrant welcome welfare 'ivestern westward tuholesale 
 
 10 withhold witness woman wonderful yanhee youngest 
 \i zealous zenith zigzag zoological
 
 100 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 REPORTING. 
 
 The New Standard System of Shorthand furnishes the 
 stenographer with a rapid and legible system of writing, 
 which is adapted to all the uses made of shorthand writing. 
 In this system the learner is, therefore, not obliged to go 
 through a further set of rules and methods of contracting in 
 order to be able to report. He is already in possession of 
 what will, by continued practice, serve him most faithfully in 
 all fields of shorthand work. 
 
 The phrases and engraved shorthand matter which follows 
 should be carefully studied and practiced, the student endeav- 
 oring to obtain therefrom as many practical ideas as possible. 
 After these plates have been written several times the writer 
 can then begin to practice for speed. Each plate should be 
 written from dictation at least a half dozen times each day, 
 and continued from day to day until they can be written 
 easily and at a speed of from loo to 150 words per minute. 
 
 The reporting of testimony in court is considerably differ- 
 ent from all other kinds of stenographic work. While it is 
 no more difficult than some other fields of reporting, there is 
 much to learn besides the mere taking down of what is 
 heard. Those who are fitting themselves for court reporting 
 should attend court proceedings as often as possible and glean 
 all the knowledge they can pertaining to the reporter's work.
 
 a^NERAL REFORTma PHRASES 
 
 at least (j-'^^-'^ 
 
 at last 0~^ ^ 
 
 at t/ie time o D 
 
 101 
 
 at this time. 0~ 
 at that time C 
 
 J 
 
 act of Congress f<'^^ 
 
 act of Parliament ^^^ 
 
 at all events / 
 
 by the way \^ 
 
 by no means 
 
 by any means 
 
 coming and going 
 
 Chamber of Conwierce l^^^ 
 
 fitrtJier than ^—^ 
 
 for instance c_D 
 
 hither and thi/her ^^^?TD 
 
 /lere and there Jy^ 
 
 Uonse of Representatives 
 
 House of Parliament 
 
 iiQtise and lot 
 
 in a few days ^ — D 
 
 in the first place 
 
 in the second place 
 
 in order to o 
 
 J do not know ° — 
 
 P do not think '' 
 
 it is very diffictilt 
 
 in such manner 
 
 it is necessary 
 
 it zuill be remembered '^^\/^^ 
 
 in some cases C Z> 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen 
 Mister President ^ ^ 
 on the contrary 
 on the one hand, 
 on the ot/ier 7m nd 
 once in a 'while 
 party of the first part 
 party of the second part 
 Voting men and women J- 
 
 -^-b
 
 102 
 
 COURT JlEPORTMa PHRAS'ES. 
 
 as a tnatter of fact C '^y^ 
 by tlie court 
 
 county court 
 
 counsel for the defendant 
 
 counsel for t/ie flatntiff ^f^ 
 
 cross examination ^ C ^ 
 
 do you recollect 
 
 do you remember 
 
 direct jx a m ina tion 
 Grand Jury ^^ 
 
 Habeas Corjpus 
 
 how long have you' been ^^ 
 
 I can not remember 
 
 T<rrs- 
 
 7 do not remember 
 
 I have not been / 
 
 / will not be ""^ 
 
 learned counsel 
 - objection sustaitud 
 
 objection^ overruled >v 
 prisoner at the bar Nj-^^-; — v 
 
 redirect examination / ^ 
 
 Stiperior Court - — '\^ 
 'what is your business \J\ 
 
 what is your occupation '-A^ 
 your Honor ^ — • — - 
 
 verdict of t lie jury 
 
 THE'OLOaiaAL EHRASES. 
 
 Almighty Cod. 
 Christ Jesus 
 Holy Ghost 
 Holv Spirit i^\^ 
 Jesus Christ 
 kingdom of Iieaven 
 
 kingdom of God — '■ -^ 
 Lord and Savior >■ ^ 
 resurrection of the body 
 JRqman CatJwlic Church 
 Savior of the world ^ 
 Son of man - — '^ b
 
 STATES AND COUNTRIES, 
 
 103 
 
 Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado 
 
 Connecticut Dakota Delatvare Florida Georgia Idaho 
 
 ^ • -^ --N ./^ / ^ 
 
 Illinois Indiana loiua A'ansas Kejttiicky Louisiana 
 
 -^ -^^ ^ ^ ^ _^ 
 
 Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan- Mississippi 
 
 Missouri Minnesota Montana New Hampshire A^ew York 
 
 Ne-w Mexico Neio Jersey Nebraska Nevada N. Carolina 
 
 Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina 
 
 Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia IVashington 
 
 West Virginia Wisconsin IVyoming 
 
 Africa Alaska Austria Australia Asia Brazil 
 
 British America China Central America Cuba Dominion of 
 Canada i^SyP^ England Europe France Great Britain 
 
 Germany India Ireland Italy United States of America
 
 104 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 DAYS, MONTHS AND TITLES. 
 
 StiiiJay Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thnisday Fridav 
 
 L 
 
 Gov. 
 // 
 
 When titles of organizations occur in which there are two 
 or more names, as American Bible Association, Y. M. C. A., 
 L. E. & W. R. R., the best rule to follow in writing 
 them is to simply write the initial letters. This will be follow- 
 ing the printer's rule of abbreviating such expressions, and to 
 show that the several initial letters are a part of a proper 
 name, a slur can be struck immediately above so as to embrace 
 the entire combination. In rapid writing the mind always 
 seeks to outline new A\-ords and expressions by the use of 
 simple and fundamental principles, and unless some general 
 rule is followed in the writing of such names the reporter .s 
 put to a great disadvantage in keeping up when they occur in 
 rapid dictation. The writing of initial letters is the only 
 universal rule that can be followed, and as vowels can be as 
 readily written as consonants there is the same legibility 
 obtained as in the case of a printed or longhand abbreviation. 
 
 The intelligent reporter will, of course, in reporting con- 
 ventions and proceedings of all kinds where technical 
 expressions are used over and over, extemporize brief out- 
 lines for their representation.
 
 SPEECH 
 
 before the House of Representatives. 
 
 105 
 
 ^ ■ ^ I 
 
 CT" 
 
 ^ --- //tT^ 
 
 ^o/ V 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 / v 
 
 o / 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ J ^ • 
 
 -^ 7 ^ 
 
 '^"^^ — '^ *> 
 
 ^ o
 
 106 
 
 SPEECH 
 
 Before the House of Representatives. 
 
 
 O c/ 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 10 //^f O 
 
 12 /-^ 
 
 13 O O 
 
 O /O- 
 
 /^^^ O 
 
 / S7) 
 
 
 C D 
 
 O 
 
 ~\ 
 
 \ 
 
 _Q D 
 
 ^ ° %; 
 
 o crx . ^ ^ 
 / — ^
 
 BIBLE SELECTIONS. 
 
 107 
 
 o ^j. ^ -^ ^ o < / - -^ 
 -^ cr^ /- z^ ^V^ -^ ^ \.^ 
 
 O C ^ X '^-S> C Z7 / ^Xi J "^ 
 
 A 
 
 \ 
 
 10 ^ 
 
 
 > • 
 
 ^ 
 
 y 
 
 V 
 
 < ^ \^ 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ^ o -^ 
 
 ^ ^ A
 
 108 
 
 COURT TESTIMONY. 
 
 .a 
 
 / 
 
 
 V 
 
 "^ 
 
 c-tJ \ 
 
 17' 
 
 '~^ 
 
 ^96 
 
 2 (?J> 
 
 o <- 
 
 
 ^ ■ /^ . __/^ 
 
 O 3 
 
 % ^ c— ^ o /^ ^ \-^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 7 ' - 
 
 V
 
 PRINCIPLES. 109 
 
 FINAL SUGGESTIONS. 
 
 Now that the student has gone over everything given 
 in the text-book, he should at this point consider the 
 advisability of reviewing the work. If, upon reflection, 
 it is found that a review is needed, then the review 
 lessons which follow should be carefully gone over. In 
 fact, no student should be content to pass by these les- 
 sons entirely, as they afford a most excellent drill which 
 cannot be gotten in any other way. 
 
 You will necessarily meet some new words in these 
 lessons and must rely upon your own ability to outline 
 them in the most approved manner. The sooner you 
 learn to outline new words quickly the sooner you will 
 be ready for practice on miscellaneous work. The best 
 and most experienced writers will occasionally run across 
 new words, which must be outlined on the spur of the 
 moment. The principles of this system are so universal 
 in their application that the thoughtful student will have 
 little or no difficulty in outlining the most uncommon 
 words. You have doubtless already learned that the 
 shortest outline for a word is not always the best. There 
 are three points that should be remembered in the out- 
 lining of every word : Legibility^ simplicity and analogy. In 
 outlining new words you should always keep these three 
 principles in mind, and then adopt the best form after 
 testing it in accordance with these three points. Legibility 
 should always be considered first, for without this the 
 writing is of no value whatever. Simplicity of outline 
 should be considered second, striving to secure forms
 
 110 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 that will not become distorted when subjected to high 
 speed. The preserving of analogy should be taken into 
 consideration last. Although this is a very important 
 point, the others must take precedence, as the easy pre- 
 serving of analogy depends mostly upon the construction 
 of the system ; and in New Standard Shorthand it is, as 
 a rule, secured without special effort. 
 
 When you begin practice for speed on unfamiliar mat- 
 ter you will frequently find yourself hesitating on some 
 new word, and by concentrating the mind upon outlining 
 it, you will very likely lose the remaining part of the 
 sentence. This is something you must guard against. 
 Never lose a sentence or any part of one, simply because 
 one word is unfamiliar and difficult to outline. Better, 
 a hundred times, omit the word without attempting to 
 outline it, than to lose a sentence. If everything except- 
 ing that one word is written, you will find that nine 
 times out of ten you can supply the word when making 
 the transcript. Especially is this true if you understand 
 the subject upon which you are writing, and this every 
 successful stenographer is able to do. 
 
 Another thing you must not do is, to repeat words or 
 sentences to yourself when writing. Many get into the 
 habit when learning shorthand of pronouncing words 
 and sentences (especially when the word is difficult to 
 outline), to themselves in a whispered tone. This habit 
 is very detrimental to speed, and, of course, must be 
 broken up entirely before you are in a way to progress 
 rapidly and satisfactorily.
 
 PRINCIPLES. Ill 
 
 There is one subject of great importance of which we 
 have not yet spoken, and that is rapid thinking. To be 
 able to write shorthand at a high rate of speed one must 
 be master of more than one art ; he must be able to 
 think at a rate of at least 150 words per minute, and at 
 the same time trace the outlines with an equal degree of 
 rapidity. But this is not all. He must understand what 
 he is writing about. A stenographer is not a successful 
 writer of shorthand unless he fully comprehends the 
 meaning of the words that are being rapidly traced in 
 outlines. A mere machine stenographer can never make a 
 success of shorthand writing ; and unless one has a fair 
 English education he must resolve to acquire it as he 
 pursues the study of shorthand, or else he need not ex- 
 pect to make a success of the art. 
 
 In order to reach much proficiency in the art of short- 
 hand writing it is necessary to practice a great amount 
 from dictation. After you have completed everything 
 in the text-book in a thorough manner you should begin 
 to practice on outside matter. 
 
 Further reading matter correctly outlined for practice 
 will be found in carefully graded lessons on various in- 
 teresting and practical topics in the New Standard Short- 
 hand Reader, and also in McKee's Shorthand Magazine.
 
 112 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 COURSE OF LESSONS FOR REVIEW PRACTICE, 
 
 Containing a carefully graded course of practical 
 matter arranged in the same order as the instructions 
 which have preceded, and carried to such an extent as 
 will furnish the learner with a sufficient amount of prac- 
 tice as to enable him to become thoroughly proficient in 
 the use of the system. 
 
 Note. — In practicing the following review lessons the student 
 should strive to increase his speed in writing at each lesson. Rapid 
 writing comes from perfect familiarity with correct outlines for 
 words, and the student should first be able to write every word in 
 a lesson without a moment's hesitation, and then he is ready to 
 practice for speed.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 113 
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 
 
 LESSON 1. 
 
 ALPHABETIC COMBINATIONS. 
 
 At, add, ape, ail, aim, age, ash, back, beg, boy, ball, bank, bath, 
 hadge, beech, cake, cook, call, care, catch, cheek, chief, chill, coal, 
 cow, cup, cash, dash, dare, day, deep, deck, die, ditch, dodge, due, 
 each, eat, ease, ear, ebb, fall, faith, few, fife, five, fool, gig, 
 gale, goal, hack, hatch, high, home, house, how, hung, hush, if, in, 
 eyes, itch, aisle, join, joy, John, Jane, jail, keep, knife, kill, laugh, 
 law, line, lame, low, lack, leap, liar, mail, make, map, match, 
 mile, mob, mayor, name, new, nice, ninth, on, out, oak, oath, own, 
 pain, pole, patch, peach, pipe, pinch, pope, pouch, pair, push, quick, 
 quack, queer, quoth, quell, reap, rope, rob, rose, rough, row, rush, 
 royal, sage, saw, sick, sooth, size, sash, take, teach, toil, tooth, top, 
 touch, type, us, up, view, wait, wake, walk, war, watch, wave, 
 weak, \veb, wedge, weep, weight, when, whip, white, who, whom, 
 wing.
 
 114 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 ALPHABETIC COMBINAT-IONS. 
 Ida, Nellie, Mary, Eva, Philip, lady, shady, easy, any, folly, 
 sorry, tarry, happy, narrow, borrow, sorrow, pillow, tallow, laying, 
 playing, winning, warning, willing, evening, awning, watching, 
 chopping, wedding, fishing, morning, keeping, pushing, meaning, 
 lining, burning, shipping, airing, ailing, dealing, calling, waiting, 
 loving, sheath, wreath, hath, wrath, teeth, fifth, eighth, depth, youth, 
 myth, dash, rash, sash, wash, dish, parish, Irish, marsh, hush, mica, 
 pica, idea, data, coach, bench, pinch, match, patch, ditch, ado, 
 tatto, ditto, motto, kitchen, happen, often, even, oven, attic, arrow, 
 avail. 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 THE HOOKS. 
 Scare, scarce, scheme, school, sky, slack, sleep, sling, slow, 
 sluggish, small, smile, snap, snare, sneak, snow, spare, sparrow, 
 speaks, speech, spill, squall, square, squeaks, squire, stacks, stage, 
 stairs, stall, stick, steals, steam, steps, stitch, stop, stores, storm, 
 keeps, calls, games, term, adorn, realm, alarm, shorn, barn, burn, 
 corn, chicken, bitten, warm, warn, widen, women, thorn, endorse, 
 endow, engine, ensue, entail, index, injury, inquire, intense, invade, 
 involve, imbue, immense, impair, impale, impeach, impure, tears, 
 doors, mixes, makes, six, lines, cares, kicks, checks, chips, chills, 
 pains, pails, bills, pairs, peaches, catches, teaches, worse, wits 
 whines, watches, weeps, walks, homes.
 
 • REVIEW LESSONS. 115 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 CONTRACTED WORDS AND SENTENCES. 
 
 I, a, you, the, that, is, as, we, why, to, do, thing, no, my, so, 
 was, pubhc, be, which, judge, wish, will, are, or, go, question, of, 
 have, he, young. 
 
 When may I gc and see the new school-house ? Vou may go when you 
 have nothing else to do. Are you sure that we will be too late ? Do yc u 
 know that is so ? I wish you to be the judge of that question. He was lo 
 do that. I will go to the public school in the fall. Which will you have ? 
 The young men will see to that. You are too young to think of doing that. 
 How do you know that? When will you see them ? I know he will do 
 it. Do you go to school now ? How do you know that he will do as the 
 public wish ? 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Trade, trail, trap, treaty, trench, trick, troops, drag, drain, drawer, 
 dread, dream, drive, dry, prayer, preacher, prepare, pretty, prime, 
 prior, prop, brain, brave, break, breath, bride, broker, brush, crack, 
 cream, crumb, Greek, green, grain, frail, free, fresh, robber, trader, 
 better, rider, elder, gender, wafer, offer, ever, eager, ledger, stagger, 
 finger, linger, pitcher, butcher, voucher, feather, leather, weather, 
 father, gather, rather, neither, higher, maker, other, speaker, quaker, 
 cracker, toiler, seller, teller, steamer, paper, leaper, keeper, wrapper, 
 copper, water, winter, latter, letter, matter, fever, lever, driver, hire, 
 near, sir, learn.
 
 110 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON G. 
 
 THE LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Act, ticket, talked, walked, old, apt, east, end, art, malt, guild, 
 built, slant, quaint, want, bent, rent, intent, joint, point, print, start, 
 quart, short, sport, least, last, cost, custom, wild, cold, scold, fold, 
 hold, land, grand, spend, kind, attend, mind, wind, bound, sound, 
 board, guard, third, sword, attract, advent, agent, offered, opened. 
 
 " And God said let there be light and there was light, and God saw that 
 it was good." He said he thought the boy could write and read, but I do 
 not think so. 
 
 N(jrE. — The following words can be written by lengthening the first 
 character and placing the vowel at the end of the stroke : 
 
 Head, dead, lead, bed, red, caught, rate, late, neat, seat, load, 
 road, coat, suit, paid. 
 
 LESSON T. 
 
 MINUTING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Plant, /lea, plate, plead, pledge, plenty, blank, black, blemish, 
 blind, claim, claw, clear, climb, flesh, typical, critical, optical, vocal, 
 able, agreeable, fable, liable, table, suitable, stable, taxable, feeble, 
 bible, credible, marble, double, miracle, oracle, flexible, scramble, 
 humble, noble, fiddle, middle, idle, rifle, trifle, eagle, equal, giggle, 
 speckle, ankle, cripple, staple, couple, title, settle, travel, level, 
 bevel, civil, anvil, devil, faithful, skillful, youthful, joyful. 
 
 Note. — In the following words the vowel should be written in a pen- 
 dant manner, as the tick strokes are too short to admit of turning the loops 
 in the usual way : 
 
 Plough, plume, blue, clue, clock, cloud, club, flew, bubble.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 117 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 REVERSING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Gas, pass, days, this, those, thus, thousand, dozen, present, 
 pleasant, chosen^ frozen, blossom, case, cask, fast, taste, desk, task, 
 bask, physical, post, cheese, boys, toys, joys, classical, visible, stays, 
 splice, ask, aspire, esquire, ascribe, escape, wisp, wasp, whiskers, 
 esteem, easter, oyster, instead, institute, instance, inspire, inscribe, 
 instill, happens, opens, mittens, suspend, suspect, suspense, suspicious, 
 sustain, system, systems, sister, basis, passes, chooses, faces, prices, 
 access, abscess, ellipses, taxes, mixes, deeds, thoughts, coats. 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 SUBORDINATE RULES. 
 
 College, privilege, indulge, allege, knowledge, legible, legion, 
 legitimate, lodgment, illegible, apology, register, regiment, origin, 
 original, arch, collect, elect, electricity, election, elector, record, 
 liquor, like, regulate, recollect, recognized, organized, nation, fascination, 
 information, estimation, oration, vibration, fashion, desolation, violation, 
 speculation, declaration, regulation, station, agitation, evolution, 
 involution, edition, tuition, emotion, ambition, imposition, tradition, 
 auction, option, intention, attention, invention, prevention, attraction, 
 dictionary, stationary, missionary, visionary, exact, examine, exceed, 
 excel, except, exchange, exclaim, excruciating, excuse, executor
 
 118 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 exempt, exercise, exhaust, exhibition, exigency, existence, expect, 
 expedient, experience, explain, export, expression, extemporaneous, 
 exterior, extinguish, extraordinary, extravagance. 
 
 Note. — Words beginning with inex and unex should be written by 
 omitting the x dot and writing the syllable in or un in place of the dot. 
 The pen is lifted after writing the in or un syllable and the latter part of 
 the word written the same as though the .*• dot had been used. 
 
 Inexact, inexhaustible, unexpected, inexperienced, inexpensive. 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 There, during, great, proper, judge, brought, for, very, more, nor, 
 swore, large, hear, gentlemen, shall, rule, did, said, not, to-do, 
 might, could, right, let, but, put, should, with, would, what, Jesus, 
 cases, possess, process, then, time, been, can, come, general, run, 
 long, shown, him, soon, some, man, bring, sworn, crime, course, 
 force, purpose, does, most, less, race, best, secure, spirit, strength, 
 second, stand, such. 
 
 During all that time he did not write to me. What course do you think 
 is best for bringing the people to church ? He said he would come very 
 soon, but it is now long past church time. That will be the proper time to 
 see him, of course. Now is the time for all good people to secure strength 
 and take a stand against the mighty liquor traffic.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 119 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 Because, before, befall, being, begin, belong, besides, betray, 
 debase, decision, deface, depose, defend, defensive, deform, degener- 
 ation, delay, deliberate, deliver, delight, determine, deteriorate, 
 detract, receive, reciprocal, reciprocity, recuperate, regard, regret, 
 reconnoiter, repentance, replevin, reporter, reproach, resort. 
 
 Note. — In the following words beginning with com and con, the 
 syllables con and co77i should be written out by use of the k stroke and n 
 hook. 
 
 Command, commander, commemorate, comment, commerce, 
 commercial, commission, conclusion, concordance, conglomeration, 
 congratulate, congregation, congress, conquer, conquest, consecration, 
 consecutive. 
 
 Certificate, ceremony, surface, surname, surpass, surprise, surround, 
 survive, surveyor, permission, produce, profession, project, propel, 
 protract, protest, provision. 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 Disagreeable, disappoint, disorder, disaster, disburse, discern, disciple, 
 discipline, discompose, discontinue, discourage, discrepancy, discrimi- 
 nate, disfigure, dishonest, dishonor, dislike, disobedience, disposal, 
 dispute, disregard, disrespectful, dissipation, dissolve, dissyllable, 
 distinction, distinguish, distribute, misapprehension, miscalculationf
 
 120 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 mischievous, misconstrue, miserable, misfortune, misinform, mispro- 
 nounce, misrepresent, mistrust, misunderstood, self-conceit, self-esteem, 
 selfish, itself, himself, yourself, myself, herself, themselves, ourselves, 
 seminary, senatorial, sensible, sensual, sentence, sentiment, senti- 
 mental, sincere, singing, singular, summary, summons, sundries, 
 somebody, somehow, something, sometimes, transact, transcend, 
 transcribe, transfer, transfiguration, transformation, transgression, 
 transitory, transparent, transportation. 
 
 Note. — When the syllable dis is followed by the ;/ or w hook, as in 
 disengnt^e, the syllable dis should be written out in full, that is by reversing 
 the i on the d stroke. 
 
 Disengage, disinterested, disembodied, disintegration, disinfect, 
 disinherit, disembark. 
 
 LESSON 13. 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES. 
 Adage, manage, marriage, average, message, cottage, image, usage, 
 storage, carriage, mucilage, patronage, baggage, village, homage, 
 visage, postage, voyage, recede, proceed, proceedings, decide, consider, 
 besides, desist, consist, resist, persist, assist, deserve, observe, 
 conservative, subserve, preserve, reserve, preservation, aftlict, conflict, 
 autograph, lithograph, photograph, paragraph, stenographer, geology, 
 theology, phraseology, physiology, phrenology, biology, etymology, 
 doxology, apology, theological, chronological, preparatory, observatory, 
 transitory, purgatory, laboratory, victory, repository, depository, 
 territory, childhood, manhood, falsehood, brotherhood, sisterhc"'^, 
 boyhood, jTirlhood, neighborhood.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 121 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 CONSONANT OUTLINES. 
 
 Assist, among, amount, balance, became, begin, behind, beyond, 
 
 belief, believe, between, both, brother, book, carpenter, chance, 
 
 character, child, correspond, clerk, criminal, culture, danger, direct, 
 
 develop, disease, duty, dwell, expense, experience, flower, fact, 
 
 farther, find, first, fire, frequent, friend, from, future, give-gave, 
 
 govern, health, help, half, hope, heard-hard, loss, life, live. Lord, 
 
 mark, modern, material, moral, member, move, much, murder, 
 
 never, nevertheless, north, notes, number, one, part, person, 
 
 policy, power, plural-ity, political, possible, principle, profit, provide, 
 
 qualify, quarter, reason, race, receive, remember, result, spoke, 
 
 secretary, sell, slavery, student, study, sudden, success, thank, 
 
 together, word, worth, work, world. 
 
 Note. — The following words can also be best represented by their 
 consonant outlines: 
 
 Birth, bound, correct, flame, guilt-y, lost, plan-plain. 
 
 LESSON 15. 
 
 WORDS OF FREQUENT OCCURRENCE AND PHRASE 
 WRITING. 
 
 Act, acts, active, ask, any, all, again, against, age, before, 
 
 because, being, better, case, cases, careful, certain, death, doubt, 
 
 even, ever, effort, earth, entirely, fast, follow, enter, found, happiness, 
 
 honest, home, human, how, who, house, horse, in, if, last, least.
 
 122 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 letter, little, love, land, man, men, neither, name, nature, natural, 
 next, offer, officer, over, open, on, out, pass, please, price, quick, 
 quit, write, read, scholar, speak, true, tell, teller, through, thought, 
 them, us, up, upon, value, west, when, youth, yes, yesterday. 
 
 That is not true at the present time. We will not be able to help you at 
 present. I do not think they are to be there. It seems to me that in many 
 cases that would not be true. What is your opinion of the matter by this 
 lime ? It has been some time since we were there. Do you know the 
 defendant in this action ? Yes, sir, I met him some years ago. I believe 
 we shall in the course of time be able to comply with your request. 
 
 LESSON 16. 
 
 FORMATION OF OUTLINES AND DERIVATIVE WORDS. 
 
 Actual, habitual, congratulate, intellect, perpetual, perpetrate, 
 suasion, betwixt, assignee, susceptible, behave, behalf, perhaps, 
 exhibit, took, stock, doctor, know, stop, drying, drink, paying, pang, 
 almost, already, almighty, although, altogether, also, always, forbear, 
 foreclose, forget, forenoon, former, foresee, forethought, forgive, 
 forgot, formation, foretell, forwarded, hereto, hereby, hereon, here- 
 after, herein, heretofore, herewith, hereupon, hereinto, hereat, outcome, 
 outrage, outbreak, outfit, outgrown, outlook, outnumber, outset, outer, 
 outstanding, outstretch, outwork, outward, overhead, overrule, 
 overland, overlook, overpower, overtake, whereby, wherefor, whereon, 
 .vhereof, whereto, wherewith, wherever, withdrawn, withheld, withhold, 
 without, withstood, thereby, therefore, thereat, thereafter, therein, 
 thereon, thereto, thereupon, therewith, whatever, whichever, 
 .vhosoever, whatsoever, wheresoever, whichsoever.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. ^^^ 
 
 LESSON IT. 
 
 SIMILAR WORDS DISTINGUISHED. 
 Arms, armies, another, author, county, country, corporal, corporeal, 
 defense, defiance, dead, death, differ, defer, diseased, deceased, dozen, 
 thousand, emigration, immigration, further, farther, flee, tly, forget, 
 forgot, favored, favorite, fire-fear, fair-far, fight, fit, genteel, gentle, 
 genius, genuine, guaranty, guarantee, however, whoever, human, 
 humane, herein, hereon, indebted, indicted, ingenuous, ingenious, into, 
 unto, little, letter, man, men, patron, pattern, proscribe, prescribe, p"or, 
 pure, quit-quite, quiet, read, write, sent, send, true-truth, through, this, 
 these, yourself, yourselves, unavoidable, inevitable, veracity, voracity, 
 youth, out. 
 
 LESSON 18. 
 
 SHORTHAND NOTATION. 
 Three hundred, nine hundred, forty-three hundred, seven thousand, 
 ten thousand, four hundred thousand, one hundred thousand, four 
 million, three million, five hundred thousand, ten dollars, three 
 hundred dollars, four million dollars, one hundred thousand dollars, 
 twenty-five hundred dollars, two years, three months, four weeks, ten 
 days, twelve hours, thirty minutes, forty seconds, four pounds, three 
 shillings, six pence, seventy bu. at ninety cents per bushel, eight per 
 cent per annum, four miles, six feet, eight inches, nine times out of 
 ten, ninety-nine times out of a hundred, three or four, four or five, 
 six or seven, three by four, four by six, four and a half by six feet, 
 six feet four inches by four feet two inches.
 
 1-1 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 19. 
 
 REPORTING CONTRACTIONS. 
 
 About, according, advantage, advertise, appropriate, after, accomplish, 
 ■inother, business, capable, convenient convenience, christian-caristianity, 
 circumstances, chapter, common, commence, defendant, establish, 
 familiar-familiarity, glory, hand, ignorant, language, magnificent- 
 magnificence, necessary, necessity, object, notwithstanding, order- 
 ordinary, opportunity, propose, particular, peculiar, period, represent, 
 people, plaintiff, revolution, perpendicular-perpendicularity, revelation, 
 suggest, sufficient, scripture, signify-significant, superintend superin- 
 tendent, whether, king, kingdom. 
 
 lie is perfectly familiar with the peculiar circumstances, notwith- 
 standing the disadvantage he is put to through their ignorance of the 
 scriptures. 
 
 The revolution was a revelation to the Christian people of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 They propose to establish a business which shall represent the best 
 interests of the people, but whether they will succeed or not cannot at 
 this period be ascertained. 
 
 The defendant will object to the advantage taken by the plaintiff.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 125 
 
 LESSON 20. 
 
 DICTATION EXERCISE. 
 
 THE WANT OF THE AGE. 
 
 " It has been truly said that the great want of the age is men. Men of 
 thought ; men of action. Men who are not for sale. Men who are honest 
 to the heart's core. Men who will condemn wrong in friend or foe in 
 themselves as well as others. Men whose consciences are as steady as the 
 needle to the pole. Men who will stand for right if the heavens totter and 
 the earth reels. Men who can tell the truth and look the world and the 
 devil right in the eye. Men who can have courage without whistling for 
 it, and joy without shouting to bring it. Men through whom the current of 
 everlasting life runs still and deep and strong. Men too large for certain 
 limits, and too strong for sectarian bands. Men who know their message 
 and tell it. Men who know their place and fill it. Men who mind their 
 own business. Men who will not lie. Men who are not too lazy to work, 
 nor too proud to be poor. When in the office, the workshop, the counting- 
 room, the bank, in every place of trust and responsibility, we can have 
 such men as these, we shall have a Christian civilization — the highest and 
 best the world ever saw." 
 
 LESSON 21. 
 
 REPORTING PHRASES. 
 At least, at last, at the time, at this time, at that time, at all events, 
 by the way, by no means, further than, for instance, here and there, 
 House of Representatives, in a few days, in the first place, in the 
 second place, in order to, I do not know, I do not think, in such 
 manner, it is necessary, it will be remembered, in some cases. Ladies 
 and Gentlemen, Mr. President, on the contrary, on the one hand, 
 on the other hand, once in a while, party of the first part, party of the
 
 126 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 second part, young men and women, as a matter of fact, by the court, 
 county court, counsel for the defendant, counsel for the plaintiff, cross 
 examination, do you recollect, do you remember, direct examination, 
 grand jury, habeas corpus, how long have you been, I cannot 
 remember, I do not remember, I have not been, I will not be, learned 
 counsel, objection sustained, objection overruled, prisoner at the bar, 
 re-direct examination, Superior Court, what is your business, what is 
 your occupation, your Honor, verdict of the jury. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL PHRASES. 
 Almighty God, Christ Jesus, Holy Ghost, Jesus Christ, kingdom of 
 heaven, kingdom of God, Lord and Savior, resurrection of the body, 
 Roman Catholic Church, Savior ot the world. Sod of God. 
 
 LESSON 22. 
 
 COMMERCIAL EXPRESSIONS. 
 
 In reply to your favor of the loth instant, we beg to state. 
 
 We are just in receipt of your favor enclosing draft for ;Jli6. 
 
 Your esteemed favor of the 4th instant was received to-day. 
 
 In answer to yours of the 15th instant we desire to say. 
 
 Your esteemed favor of the 7th is at hand and contents noted. 
 
 Your favor of the i6th is at hand with prices and terms, which we find 
 entirely satisfactory. 
 
 We beg leave to introduce to you the bearer of this letter, Mr. Thomas 
 Neland.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 127 
 
 Hoping to hear from you by return mail, we remain. 
 We ship you to-day per Am. Ex. Co the goods ordered on the loth. 
 Please acknowledge receipt of goods by return mail and oblige. 
 Hoping that these terms will be satisfactory, we are. Very truly yours. 
 You will greatly oblige us by giving this your prompt attention. 
 
 We regret very much that we are unable to execute your order of the 
 19th. 
 
 Trusting that we may be favored with your orders, we remain. 
 
 We are sorry to say that it is wholly out of our power to fill your order. 
 
 LESSON 23. 
 
 BUSINESS LETTER. 
 Dear Sir. 
 
 Yours of the 6th instant, asking what the chances are for obtaining 
 employment in the railroad business in this city, is just at hand. 
 
 I am sorry to say that I am not able to speak very encouragingly on the 
 subject. There are no railroads here of any importance outside of those 
 operated by this company. Our offices are fully supplied with all the clerks 
 we shall probably want this season, as, we are now doing about our heaviest 
 business. 
 
 If you were here it is possible you might be able to get something to do. 
 but I would not advise you to take chances. You speak of being the chief 
 clerk in the office where you are now located, and I should suppose that 
 your present position is very much better than you could hope to secure at 
 once out here. Any help which may possibly be taken on this fall will, no 
 doubt, be merely temporary, and of course you want nothing of that kind. 
 
 I frequently receive just such letters as yours, and to all I say candidly 
 that if any person has a good position in the East he had better hold on to it. 
 Yours respectfully,
 
 128 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 24. 
 
 BUSINESS LETTER. 
 Dear Sir. 
 
 We here\<'ith enclose you a list of discounts and net prices, which we 
 are prepared to allow you at the present time for your orders. 
 
 It is perhaps unnecessary for us to mention that we are prepared to 
 handle this trade in the most satisfactory manner, and to offer goods at the 
 very lowest prices consistent with uniformity and reliability in every partic- 
 ular. 
 
 We are desirous of securing your business, and would highly appreciate 
 an opportunity to figure with you on special orders. We will bring to bear 
 every facility we enjoy to name to you discounts at least a shade lower 
 than you can get elsewhere. If you would like samples, a member of our 
 firm will call upon you with them, and fully explain the merits of our 
 goods. 
 
 A call here at cur store will convince you of our ability to handle your 
 orders promptly, and supply you with goods that cannot fail to render 
 entire satisfaction. Anticipating a conference with you at an early date, 
 we are, 
 
 Very truly yours. 
 
 LESSON 25. 
 
 REASONS OF FAILURE. 
 
 "I would name, first, a lack of special preparation on the part of young 
 men for a special occupation or profession. Most boys get a fair general 
 education, and when that is done, take hold of the thing which promises 
 the most immediate return for their labor, not stopping to look forward to 
 the end, or to consult their adaptability to the business or profession. 
 Some look only to see what standing it will give them in society; others 
 consider if it will enable them to dress in fine clothing and make a good 
 appearance.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 129 
 
 " Next stands the mistake of young men in being in too much of a hurry 
 to spend money as fast as others, a desire to be considered in better 
 circumstances than they really are, and a pressure to get ahead faster than 
 they learn their business. In this way one often climbs a ladder before the 
 foundation is made secure ; and afterwards, when he has to take the 
 responsibility, does not know all his business, and has to entrust a part of 
 it to others, and does not know whether they are doing it right or not. By 
 and by, when he thinks he is safe and beyond danger, the foundation 
 corner, which he trusted to some one else, has given way, and he is over- 
 thrown. He needs to know his whole business, so that he can tell when 
 it is done right. 
 
 " Another great mistake is, that when a young man sees his name on a 
 sign, he is apt to think that his fortune is made, and so begins to spend 
 money as if he had already got beyond any chance of failure. Another 
 common mistake is, that men, old as well as young, are too ready to use 
 their credit, not realizing that the goods bought on credit are not theirs, 
 and that a pay-day is coming. When they find their notes coming due, 
 and have not the money to pay them, they are tempted to sell goods with- 
 out a profit, for the sake of getting the money, or a note which they can 
 turn into money. Just the moment a man is obliged to do that, he is not 
 a master of his own business ; and, as a rule, it is only a matter of a little 
 time when he will have to go down. Let a young man fear God, be 
 industrious, know his business, spend a little less than he earns, and 
 success is sure." 
 
 LESSON 26. 
 
 COURT PROCEEDINGS, MAY lo, 1883. 
 
 THE PLAINTIFF STATED HIS CASE TO THE JURY. 
 
 Levi Evans, sworn on behalf of the plaintiff, testified as follows : 
 Q. Are you acquainted with the defendant? A. Yes, sir; I know 
 him. 
 
 Q. You may examine that note. (Paper handed witness.)
 
 130 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 Q. Was there a time when you went to Johnstown and presented that 
 note to the defendant ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. When was that ? A. That was in December, I think. 
 
 Q. December of what year ? A. In 1879. 
 
 Q. You may state whether he admitted the execution of that note ? 
 A. He did. 
 
 Q. Was the note then in its present condition ? A. Yes, sir; it was. 
 
 Mr. Van Fleet: I now offer the note in evidence. 
 
 Cross examination by Mr. Norton. 
 
 Q. You say it was in December, 1879, when you were at Johnstown? 
 A. I think it was. 
 
 Q. What did you go there for ? A. To get some money. 
 Q. On this note ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Now when did you first show the defendant the note after you got 
 there ? A. I didn't show it to him until after he and I made up a 
 statement. 
 
 Q. You and he figured some before you showed him the note ? A. 
 Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. You testified when Mr. Van Fleet asked you about it, that he 
 admitted the execution of the note, and was going to pay it. A. He said 
 he signed the note and was going to pay it. 
 
 Q. Now wasn't there some talk between you and Mr. Denning at that 
 time about the note being for $75 or $150? A. No, sir; there wasn't a 
 word said about the note ; what it was for. 
 
 Q. Did he look at the note at that time? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Now while you were there that day, he offered to pay you some 
 money on the note, did he not? A. Yes, sir; he offered to pay me some 
 money. 
 
 Q. And while he was there was this endorsement written on this note : 
 " Received on the within, $39.94 " ? A. Yes, sir. 
 Mr. Van Fleet : To that I object. 
 The Court : I think perhaps we are entitled to have all there was of it.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 131 
 
 Mr. Van Fleet : You don't lake it as evidence of payment? 
 
 The Court : No. 
 
 Q. Now at that time — when he offered to pay you — you consented that 
 this should be put on, and he was to pay you the balance of the amount on 
 the note ? A. Will you allow me to tell what was said ? 
 
 Q. No, sir ; you answer my question. You consented that he should 
 put this on and then he was going to pay you the balance? A. No, sir; 
 that was not the way of it. 
 
 Q. As a matter of fact after this was put on he offered to pay you some- 
 thing — about $40, or more ? A. No, sir. 
 
 / Q. How much was it he offered to pay you ? A. He said he had 
 $32.00, but he would not let me take it and count it. 
 
 Q. He offered to pay you $32.00 if you would take it and accept it ? 
 A. He offered me a roll of money but he would not let me take it and 
 count it. 
 
 Q. He offered you some money which he said was about $32.00, and 
 you wouldn't accept it ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. You claimed it should be more ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Now $32.00 in addition to this $39.34 would have been sufficient to 
 have paid the amount due you on this note, wouldn't it ? A. Why I 
 presume so, if that had been put on there for a payment. 
 
 Q. Did he say he would pay you $32.00, or was it about $38.00 that 
 he offered you ? A. No, sir; he didn't say $38.00 at all, he said $32.00. 
 
 Re-direct exaifiination by Mr. Van Fleet. 
 
 Q. I understood you to say that he had this note in his hands and made 
 this endorsement upon its back? A. Yes, sir- in December after I was 
 there. 
 
 Q. And he admitted its execution after an examination of it ? A. Yes, 
 sir. 
 
 Mr. Norton : What did he say about admitting its execution? A. He 
 said he signed all of those notes. 
 
 Q. There were several others spoken of ? A. Yes, sir ; several. 
 
 Mr. Van Fleet : And he did not say anything about any alterations in 
 the note? A. No, sir? he did not.
 
 132 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 Mr. Van Fleet : I now read the note in evidence : 
 $75.00. Johnstown, N. Y., May 14th, 1875. 
 
 For value received we jointly and severally agree to pay Levi Evans 
 
 seventy-five dollars, sixty days from date. 
 
 J. G. Denning. 
 
 C. C. Denning. 
 Plaintiff Rests. 
 
 Mr. Norton : The defendant moves for a nonsuit, upon the ground that 
 the plaintiff has not proved facts sufficient to concede cause of action ; that 
 there is a fatal variance between the complaint and the proof; that the 
 complaint asks and demands judgment on a note for $150.00, describing 
 it, while the note offered in evidence is a note for $75.00; and also upon 
 the further ground that there have been material alterations in the note 
 which it does not appear were made with the consent of the defendant. 
 
 Motion denied ; exception taken. 
 
 Dr. C. C. Denning, defendant, sworn and examined by Mr. Norton, 
 testifies as follows : 
 
 Q. Where do you reside ? A. Johnstown. 
 
 Q. What is your occupation ? A. A physician and surgeon. 
 
 Q. How long have you lived there ? A. Fourteen years. 
 
 Q. W^here did this brother of yours reside ? A. Andover. 
 
 Q. This J. G. Denning was your brother? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. When did he die ? A. I think it was in September, 1879. 
 
 Q. Now, Doctor, you signed this note, C. C. Denning, did you ? (note 
 shown to witness.) A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. When you signed that note was it in the same condition, and did it 
 have the same appearance which it has now ? A. No, sir. 
 
 Q. What changes appear to have been made since you signed it ? 
 A. The date of May 12 has been changed to May 14; in the body of the 
 note a part ot the seven has been erased and a cipher added to the right of 
 the five. 
 
 Q. These changes have been made since the note left your possession? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Were they made with your knowledge or consent ? A. No, sir.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 133 
 
 Q. Doctor, what was the consideration to you upon this note? A. 
 There wasn't any. 
 
 Q. You merely signed it for accommodation ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Now, when Mr. Evans came to your office, what was the conversa- 
 tion in there, that you recollect ? A. He told me he had come to settle 
 up ; I asked him if he had the note with him and he said he had ; I asked 
 him to let me see it ; I took the note and turned it over and looked at the 
 back, and I said to him "there has been ^40.00 paid on this note, hasn't 
 there" ? He said yes. I said to him you endorse what has been paid on 
 the note and I will either pay you the balance or give you my note due in 
 three weeks. 
 
 Q. But you didn't notice the other alterations ? A. No, sir; not until 
 afterwards. 
 
 Q. Did you ever intend in any way to write this note as it appears to be 
 altered ? A. No, sir. 
 
 Cross examitiation by Air. Van Fleet. 
 
 Q. When did you first notice the alterations in the figures in the body 
 of the note ? A. I think it was at Andover during the first suit ; I think 
 Mr. Scott called my attention to the change in it at that time. 
 
 Q. Was there anything said at Andover in regard to the alterations ? 
 A. We put in no evidence that I know of. . 
 
 Q. You had this note in your hands and looked at it did you not? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Did )'cu not claim to Evans that the note was given as security for 
 sixty days' milk ? 
 
 Mr. Norton : I object to that, it is immaterial. 
 
 Objection overruled; exception taken. 
 A. I think I told Evans that I signed that note with my brother. 
 
 Re-direct examination by Mr. Norton. 
 
 Q. You say that your understanding was from Mr. Evans that this note 
 was given to secure the first sixty days' milk ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. That you had no interest in it whatever ? A. No, sir; none at alL 
 
 Q. And whatever was paid was to be endorsed on the note ? A. Yes, 
 sir ; that is the way I understood it.
 
 134 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND 
 
 "SHUNL" ENDING 
 
 In all cases where the "Shunl" ending is preceded by a con- 
 sonant, the "Shunl" is expressed by adding the / stroke to the reg- 
 ular "Shun" ending. In all other cases where the "Shunl" ending 
 is preceded by a vowel, the ending for "Shunl" is expressed by a 
 small downward curve next to the vowel. The following exam- 
 ples contain nearly all the words ending in "Shunl." 
 
 "SHUNL" ENDINGS 
 
 a—p 
 
 >^ V_ 
 
 yl X^ y^ /^ 
 
 Key. 
 
 Additional 
 
 Conditional 
 
 Confessional 
 
 Congregation al 
 
 Congressional 
 
 Constitutional 
 
 Conventional 
 
 Descensional 
 
 Disproportional 
 
 Educational 
 
 Emotional 
 
 Fractional 
 
 Intentional 
 
 Irrational 
 
 Notional 
 
 Occasional 
 
 Optional 
 
 Positional 
 
 Processional 
 
 Preventional 
 
 Processional 
 
 Professional 
 
 Progressional 
 
 Propositional 
 
 Proportional 
 
 Provisional 
 
 Sectional 
 
 Traditional 
 
 'OF" 
 
 EXPRESSED BY PROXIMITY 
 
 The preposition "of" may be indicated by proximity, that is 
 by writing the word following close to the word preceding the 
 preposition "of." 
 
 Example. "Course of human events," omit "of" and write 
 the outline for "human" close to the outline for "course." 
 
 The phrase "of the" should not be indicated in this manner 
 but by the lengthened "f" as there are many cases in which it is 
 impossible to tell from the context which of the two is indicated. 
 
 This rule removes any possibility there may be of conflict be- 
 tween "of" and "for."
 
 KEY TO THE SHORTHAND 
 PLATES 
 
 COMBINATIONS, Page 29. 
 
 5. — high, shy, lie, rye, sigh, tie, thy. 6. — ill, in, ice, eyes, if, it, oil. 
 7. — hoe, shov.-, low, row, sew, how, now. 8. — day, they, pay, ray, lay, 
 saw, law. 9. — ale, air, an, ache, ape, awl, aught. 10. — hew, sue, new, 
 due, your, us, up. 11. — date, taught, take, talk, tan, tar. 12. — fill, 
 fell, fail, pare, poor, bear. 13. — pick, back, pan, line, pail, rail. 14. — 
 name, main, nine, says, size. 
 
 COMBINATIONS, continued. Page 33. 
 
 2. — dash, cash, chief, peach, fair, dish. 3. — edit, attain, attire, attic, 
 audit. 4. — tally, folly, holy, happy, tarry, sorry. 5. — follow, sorrow, 
 hollow, narrow, borrow, thorough. 6. — delay, allay, array, easy, any, 
 saucy. 7. — death, path, hath, bath, youth, faith. 8. — paying, failing, 
 aiming, keeping, evening. 9. — pop, tooth, rope, cup, top, love. 11. — 
 win, wise, wire, wish, wide, wit. 12. — wear, wash, wake, wait, wail, 
 wade. 13. — whine, when, whale, wheat, wheel, whip. 
 
 THE HOOKS, Page 35. 
 
 4. — school, skill, skate, sketch, scare, spire. 5. — snake, snare, slack, 
 sleep, smell, snail. 6. — dimes, lines, pens, names, pains, chains. 7. — 
 pails, chills, fails, makes, takes, pairs. 10. — storm, arm, alarm, elm, 
 film, term. 11. — inside, inmate, inlet, inquire, entire, enjoin. 12. — 
 impair, impeach, immense, insure, engage, endorse. 13. — I am sure he 
 saw into your scheme. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 37, 
 
 1. — I know he will do as you or I wish. 2. — I will take that as I know 
 you are lame. 3. — You are to be the judge of that question. 4. — That 
 will be of no use to you now. 5. — We will go and see if that is so.
 
 136 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 6. — That was the thing to do at that time. 7. — I will go as I have 
 nothing else to do. 8 — The public will see to that in a day or two. 
 
 HALVING PRINXIPLE, Page 39. 
 
 3. — track, trap, trail, prayer, prior, break. 4. — prime, preach, 
 brains, pride, brick, grip. 7. — taper, keeper, labor, letter, pressure, 
 treasure. 8. — frail, frame, fried, favor, ever, either. 9. — preachers, 
 creatures, fritters, traders, primers, teachers. 10. — tailor, teller, 
 sailor, miller, jailor, scholar. ' 
 
 LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE, Page 41. 
 
 3. — towed, tied, doubt, stout, citizen. 4. — mat, sat, head, late, quite, 
 mode. 5. — filled, build, hold, mild, skilled. 6. — board, short, start, 
 sort, sport. 7. — act, apt, art, old, east, end. 9. — treated, spaded, 
 slated, crated, cheated. 10. — acted, ended, needed, loaded, sodded. 
 11. — different, intended, assist, attend, inside. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 43. 
 
 1. — Try and be of use that you may be happy. 2. — Do that which is 
 right, speak that which is true. 3. — The tree will bend while young and 
 break when old. 4. — Be sure you are right ere you go too far. 5. — 
 Father said we might go to school next winter. 6. — Our house is built 
 of wood and is very dry. 7. — I know you will enjoy that trip in the 
 spring. 8. — He told me they would be here to-night. 9. — A friend in 
 need is a friend indeed. 10. — They are happy who do right and count 
 not — 11. — the cost. They are wise who have learned that — 12. — it is of 
 no use to worry but to act. 1 3. — Do you know that the toiler who would 
 earn his — 14. — pay, should leave his couch at break of day. 
 
 MINUTING PRINCIPLE, Page 45. 
 
 3. — pickle, sickle, nickel, tickle, legal, cackle. 4. — nibble, pebble, 
 feeble, quibble, hobble, sable. 7. — mingle, tingle, jingle, ankle, wrinkle, 
 sprinkle. 8. — nimble, humble, thimble, trample, ample, honorable. 
 9. — lawful, awful, careful, rifle, painful, baffle. 10. — novel, ravel, evil, 
 marvel, level, anvil. 11. — When will you be able to be there? 12. — 
 The people were very glad to see me.
 
 KEY TO THE SHORTHAND PLATES. 137 
 
 REVERSING PRINCIPLE, Page 47. 
 
 3. — post, boast, fast, cask, past, feast. 4. — place, please, pleasing, 
 pleased, class, flies, blessing. 5. — ask, a;;ks, ascribe, aspire, escape, 
 eastern. 8. — sustain, suspense, suspend, suspect, system, systems, 
 9. — passes, faces, chases, roses, mixes, access. 10. — whisk, wasp, 
 wisp, whiskers, whispers, witness. 11. — How very fast these pleasant 
 days pass by. 12. — Have a place for everything rnd have everything 
 in its place. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 49. 
 
 1. — It is good to be merry and wise. 2. — Use the means and trust to 
 God for the blessing. 3. — It is said that all is well that ends well. 4. — 
 That which you have to do do with all your might. 5. — To say 
 well is good, to do well is better. 6. — This is the hour to speak and 
 the hour to act. 7. — He that falls to-day may be up to-morrow. 8. — 
 They that steal an ounce will steal a pound. 9. — Do that which is right, 
 love that which is true. 10. — Old birds are not to be caught with chaff. 
 11 . — I shall be pleased to see you any day. 12. — What do you think of 
 the new way of writing? 13. — I think it is very easy to learn and it is 
 not hard to read either. 
 
 SUBORDINATE RULES, Page 51. 
 
 2. — register, originate, regiment, knowledge, diligent, lodging. 4. — 
 recognize, record, regular, elected, electricity. 6. — station, session, 
 rations, ocean, position, institution. 8. — attention, invention, assertion, 
 auctioneer, election, inspection. 10. — prediction, election, attraction. 
 12. — extend, exhaust, exposition, daily, sorely, neatly. 13. — propor- 
 tionately, additionally, occasionally, rationally, intentionally, optionally. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 53. 
 
 7. — There is a time to speak and there is a — 8. — time to act. Time 
 and tide wait for — 9. — no man. How soon can you come and how — 10.^ 
 long can you stay? Have you seen him several times? 11. — In my 
 opinion that course does not seem best. 12. — The general purpose of 
 such a course is to secure strength.
 
 138 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES, Page 55. 
 
 1. — because, beneath, betray, bequeath, bequest. 2. — deny, depot 
 desirable, describe, defend. 3. — retain, redeem, remind, request 
 reduce. 4. — conceit, confuse, confer, contrast, contract. 5. — combine 
 compose, company, complete, compare. 6. — contain, continue, condi 
 tion, condemnation, contemplation. 7. — congress, concrete, concur 
 concordance, concurrence. 8. — surface, surpass, certificate, surprise 
 serviceable, surrender. 9. — permit, pernicious, perspire, perseverance 
 perspective. 10. — profess, produce, protract, protest, promote. 11 — 
 mortal, morman, mortise, murmur, murder, 12. — multiple, multiplica 
 tion, multitude, maltreated. 13. — unconscious, unconverted, incom 
 plete, unconcern, incomprehensible. 14. — circular, circulation, circle 
 circulars, circuit. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES, continued, Page 57. 
 
 1. — dispose, distress, disgrace, discuss, dispel, disciple. 2. — misplace 
 mistake, miscellany, mister, miserable. 3. — interest, interpose, inter 
 mit, entirely, enter. 4. — under, undermine, undergo, understood 
 underrate. 5. — transmit, translation, transposition, transact, transcribe 
 6. — self-same, self-made, self-conceit, seltish, self-esteem. 7. — submit 
 substance, substitute, subtract. 8. — superstitious, superscription, super 
 vise, supreme. V. — senate, sentence, sensation, sentinal, seems 
 10. — similar, simple, single, simplest, singular. 11. — sunned, sunset 
 sundries, somehow, something. 12.— manful, manual, manifest, mani 
 fold, manager, mantel. 13. — temptation, temperance, temporal, demo 
 crat, tendency. 14. — penetration, penitentiary, penman, pension 
 punishment. 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES, Page 59. 
 
 1. — manage, marriage, usage, average, image, baggage. 2. — reside, 
 proceed, decide, besides, consider. 3. — desist, resist, consist, persist, 
 insist. 4. — deserve, preserve, reserve, conserve, observe, subserve. 
 5. — conform, deform, perform, reform, inform. 6. — defect, perfect, 
 infect, affect, effect. 7. — reflect, deflect, inflict, conflict, afflict. 8. — 
 autograph, paragraph, stenography, lithograph, pantograph. 9. — 
 theology, physiology, biology, ethnology, geology, theological. 10.—
 
 KEY TO THE SHORTHAND PLATES. 139 
 
 oratory, preparatory, depository, supplementary, notary. 11. — man- 
 hood, sisterhood, boyhood, falsehood, brotherhood. 12. — testament, 
 sentiment, liniment, elements. 13. — hardship, lordship, scholarship, 
 worship, authorship. 14. — myself, itself, herself, yourself, themselves, 
 himself. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 65. 
 
 1. — We have no right to teach that which we do not believe. 2. — 
 Sometimes the more one has the more he wishes to have. 3. — A word 
 let go cannot be called back. 4. — A good word is as soon said as a bad 
 one. 5. — It is vain to use words where deeds are expected. 6. — An 
 hour of pain is as long as a day of pleasure. 7. — Not to have hope is 
 the poorest of all conditions. 8. — That which you have to do, do with 
 all your might. 9. — If pride were an art there would be many teachers. 
 10. — Willful thoughts have no excuse and deserve no pardon. 11. — 
 Happy is he who knows his follies in his youth. 12. — P'irst, be sure you 
 are right and then go ahead. 13. — Leave not until to-morrow that 
 which you can do to-day. 14. — Are you not happy to be able to write 
 shorthand. 
 
 PHRASE WRITING, Page 67. 
 
 1. — to a, not a, by a, of a, is a, for a, as a or has a. 2. — which are, 
 there are, they are, we are, that are, you are. 3. — and to, and will, and a, 
 and you, and I, and is or his, you and I. 4. — to all, of all, on all, for 
 all, all of, all other. 5. — as is or has his, as has, as well as, as large 
 as, as great as, as many as, as soon as. 6. — to be, will be, can be, 
 may be, shall be, be able to. 7. — for it, if it, with it, which it, it 
 will, it is. 8. — did you, we did, I did, did have, did it. 9. — he was, he 
 is, he said, he will, he can, is he or as he. 10. — he had, who had, and 
 had, had there or other, we had. 11. — for is or his, of his, or is or his, 
 which is or his, is not, in his, that is or his. 12. — have not, to have, 
 will have, we have, would have, have there or other, you have. 13. — 
 I will, I know, I have, I shall, I wish, I think, that I. 14. — in a, in there 
 or other, in which, in such, in some, in many, in this.
 
 140 NKW STANDARU SllOKTHAM). 
 
 PHRASE WRITING, continued, Page 69. 
 1. — to me or my, for me or my, at me or my, in me or my, is my. 
 2. — will not, not very, could not, don't, did not, should not. 3. — their 
 own or thereon, is on or hi« own, our own, her own, my own, its own 
 or it is on; 4. — no one, for one, anyone, which one, some one. 5. — 
 for to, is to or his too, that to, or to or our two, to which, to you. 6. — 
 no other, in there or in other, with their or with other, by their or by 
 there or by other, any other, some other. 7. — more than, less than, 
 greater than, than to, than will, than their or than there or than other. 
 8. — to the, by the or be the, for the, will the, and the, so the, that the. 
 9. — that will, that can, that which, that a, to that, in that, that that. 
 10. — you will, will you, to you, do you, have you, you may, that you. 
 11. — to your, by your or be your, for your, which your, of your, that 
 your. 12. — by and by, higher and higher, less and less, greater and 
 greater, year by year, one by one, two by two. 
 
 ADVICE TO THE STUDENT, Page 71. 
 1. — The principle of combining words into phrases is — 2. — ver> useful 
 but should never be permitted to impair — 3. — the legibility of the writ- 
 ing. In your practice you should phrase only — 4. — such words as v. ill 
 join easily and which will be — 5. — perfectly legible to any one who 
 understands the system. 6. — Remember that the purpose of phrasing is 
 to facilitate your work — 7.-T-in every way possible, and, therefore, 
 practice it only — 8.— where it will conduce to this end. 9. — Take pains 
 to form your characters well and in writing — 10. — use an easy, sliding 
 motion, observing that no time — 11. — is wasted in passing from one 
 word to — 12. — another. Let your motto be, practice and perseverance, 
 and — 13. — with the belief that what others have done you can do, noth- 
 ing — 14. — will prevent you from reachmg the goal of your ambition. 
 
 DERIVATIVE OUTLINES, Page 75. 
 1. — almost, already. Almighty, although, altogether. 2.— also, 
 always. Forbear, foreclose, forget, forgot. 3.— foreknown or fore- 
 noon, former, foresee, forethought, forgive or forgave, formation, fore- 
 tell. 4. — Hereto, hereby, hereafter, hereon, herein, heretofore. 5. — 
 herewith, hereupon, hereat. Outcome, outfit, outer. 6. — outlook, 
 outnumber, outrage or outreach, outset or outside, outstanding. 7. —
 
 KEY TO THE SHORTHAND PLATES. 141 
 
 outwork, outward, outline. Oversee, overrule. 8. — overtake, over- 
 took, overhead, overload, overcoat, overwhelm. 9. — Whereby, where- 
 ever, whereto, whereof, wherewith, wherefore. 10. — wherein, where- 
 upon. Within, withheld, withhold. 11. — without, withdrawn, with- 
 stand. Thereby, therein. 12. — thereon, therefore, thereat, thereafter, 
 thereto, thereupon. 13. — therewith. Wherever, whatever, however, 
 whoever, whenever. 14. — whichever, forever, wheresoever, whatso- 
 ever, whichsoever, whosoever. 
 
 SHORTHAND NOTATION, Page 79. 
 
 1. — three hundred, four hundred, five hundred, six hundred, twenty- 
 feven hundred. 2. — three thousand, four thousand, twenty-five thous- 
 ."nd, four hundred thousand, eight hundred thousand. 3. — three million, 
 one million, four million, eight million, three hundred million. 4. — four 
 dollars, three dollars, ten dollars, four hundred dollars, seven thousand 
 dollars. 5. — three minutes, two hours, four days, seven weeks. 6. — 
 six months, three years, four days ago, six weeks ago. Twenty four 
 miles, three feet. 7. — ten inches, seven pounds, three shillings, six 
 pence, ninet>-nine times out of a hundred. 
 
 ADVICE TO YOUNG MEN, Page 81. 
 
 1. — Let me address you for a moment touching your success in life 
 2. — and I hope the very brevity of my remarks will increase the— 3. — 
 chance of their making a lodgement in your mind. Let me — 4. — beg 
 you in the outset of your career to dismiss — 5. — from your mind all idea 
 of succeeding by luck. 6. — There is no more common thought among 
 young people than that foolish — 7.— one that by and by something will 
 turn up by which they will suddenly— 8. — achieve fame and fortune. 
 No, young gentleman, things don't turn up — 9. — in this world unless 
 somebody turns them up. Whatever — 10. — you win in life you must 
 conquer by your own efforts and — 11. — then it is yours, a part of your- 
 self. {Applause .) 12. — Let me suggest that in giving you being God 
 locked — 13. — up in your nature certain forces and capabilities. Preserve 
 — 14. — these forces. Do not burn them out with brandy — 15.— or 
 waste them in idleness and crime. Save and — 16. — protect them that 
 they may save for you fame and — 17. — fortune. Honestly resolve to 
 do this and you will be an — 18. — honor to yourself and to your country. 
 [Applause).
 
 142 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 GEMS OF POETRY, Page 82. 
 
 Courage brother, do not stumble, 
 Though thy path be dark as night; 
 
 There's a star to guide the humble. 
 Trust in God and do the right. 
 
 The heights by great men reached and kept. 
 Were not attained by sudden flight; 
 
 But they, while their companions slept, 
 Were toiling upward in the night. 
 
 Our whitest pearl we never find. 
 Our ripest fruit we never reach; 
 
 The flowery moments of the mind 
 Drop half their petals in our speech. 
 
 LETTER No. 1, Page 83. 
 
 Washington, D. C, April 6, '91. 
 Prof. A. T. Porter, 
 
 Supt. Public Instruction. 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 It affords me pleasure to testify to the personal worth and educational 
 qualifications of Mr. Chas. L. Miller, who, I am informed, is an applicant 
 for a position in one of your public schools. 
 
 He graduated at this Institution, as his diploma will show, in '86. As 
 a student he was distinguished for diligence, accuracy, integrity and a 
 conscientious discharge of every duty; and these qualities he has carried 
 with him into the schoolroom and into society. Such elements of 
 character combined with aptness in teaching and tact' in enforcing disci- 
 pline cannot fail to render him, what I have long known him to be, a 
 very eff'icient and superior teacher. I cheerfully recommend him for the 
 position to which he aspires. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 Sam'l K. Waterford, Principal.
 
 KEY JO THE SHORTHAND TLATES. 143 
 
 LETTER No. 2, Page 84. 
 
 State of New York, Att'y Gen's Office, Dec. 2, '90. 
 Hon. R. A. Maxwell, 
 
 Supt. Insurance. 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 Replying to your letter of the 27th of October relating to Assessmei.t 
 Insurance Associations not authorized to transact business in this state 
 I have to advise you : 
 
 1. That under section 10, chapter 175 of the laws of '83, no such 
 association incorporated under the laws of another state can lawfully 
 transact business in this state unless it receives from the Supt. of 
 Insurance of this State a certiticate of authority to do business here. 
 
 2. That under section 20 of that act any .person who acts within this 
 State as an agent or collector of any such association, which has not 
 obtained from the Superintendant a certificate of authority to transact 
 business here, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof 
 may be punished by a fine of not less than $100.00 or more than $500.00, 
 or by imprisonment in a county jail for not less than ten days or 
 more than one year. 
 
 Page 85. 
 
 3. .'\ny citizen in the state knowing or having reason to believe that 
 any person has been guilty of the offense specified in the 20th section 
 may make a complaint in due form to the proper magistrate in the 
 county where the offense was committed. 
 
 4". It is the duty of the District Attorney upon complaint being made 
 to him that such an offense has been committed to submit all cases of 
 this character to the next Grand jury that sits in the county, for their 
 action, and if an indictment is found it is his duty to cause the offender 
 to be arrested and brought to trial. 
 
 I think I have fully outlined the method of procedure for the supres- 
 sion of the business of unauthorized insurance in this State of the 
 character referred to in your letter. I am not aware of any other 
 remedy than the one I have pointed out. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 Chas. F. Tabor, Attorney General.
 
 144 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 SPEECH BEFORE THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 
 
 Page 105. 
 
 1. — Mr. Chairman: In the brief remarks which I desire to make on the 
 2. — bill under consideration, I do not propose to discuss at — 3. — length 
 the arguments which gentlemen on both sides of the House — 4. — have 
 already fully presented, nor shall I attempt to — 5. — review or to put a 
 new meaning into the great — 6. — mass of custom figures which have 
 been so carefully — 7. — prepared and explained by the gentlemen who 
 have preceded me. 8. — I do not intend to debate the question whether 
 or not we shall— 9. — have a tariff or whether that tariff shall be one for 
 protection — 10. — or not. I assume that whether this bill passes or — 11. 
 — not we shall continue to have in this country a protective — 12. — 
 tariff, and that protective -tariff, if it be fairly adjusted, — 13.— if its 
 burdens be distributed with justice so far as the — 14. — interests of my 
 constituents are concerned, I expect — 15. — to defend and advocate it as 
 long as I live. And — 16. — as long as I live, whenever I find in the tariff 
 laws — 17. — or in any other of the laws which affect the people whom I 
 
 Page 106. 
 
 1 . — represent, anything which seems to me in any degree unfair or — 
 2. — unjust, I shall not hesitate to advocate their revision and — 3. — 
 amendment. {Applause). I propose here to discuss only what — 4. — 
 seems to me to be the question before the House, whether or not — 5. — 
 the present tariff and free list which accompanies it — 6. — should remain 
 unchanged during the existence of the 50th Congress. In the — 7. — 
 discussion of this question I shall not attempt to imitate — 8. — the 
 gentlemen who have with such wonderful patience and industry — 9. — 
 examined the views of the earlier presidents and construction of the 
 tariff — 10. — of 1789, and who have so carefully reviewed the whole 
 course of — 11. — legislation on this subject since the foundation of the 
 Republic. 12. — For my part and with the utmost deference to the learn- 
 ing — 13. — and ability of the gentlemen who have spoken, I am forced 
 to believe that — 14. — owing to the changes in transportation, invention 
 of new machinery, — 15. — the growth and development of the country and 
 improvements which have — 16. — accomplished modern civilization, here
 
 KEY TO THE SHORTHAND PLATES. 145 
 
 and all ovet the world, that the — 17. — problem presented to us is entirely 
 different from that — 18. — considered by the earlier contestants over these 
 questions. 
 
 BIBLE SELECTIONS, Page 107. 
 
 1. — Let the wicked forsake his way and the unrighteous man his 
 thoughts — 2. — and let him return to our Lord and he will have mercy 
 upon — 3. — him and to our God for He will abundantly pardon. But 
 seek — 4. — ye first the kingdom of God and His righteousness and all these 
 things shall be — 5. — added unto you. I say unto you that likewise joy 
 shall be — 6. — in heaven over one sinner that repenteth more than over 
 ninety — 7. — and nine just persons which need no repentance. 8. — For 
 we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle be — 9 — dissolved 
 we have a building of God, a house not made — 10. — with hands, eternal 
 in the heavens. Thou shalt love the — 11. — Lord thy God with all thy 
 heart and with all thy soul — 12. — and with all thy mind and with all thy 
 strength. Go ye — 13. — therefore and make disciples of all nations, 
 baptising them — 14. — into the name of the Father and of the Son and of 
 the Holy Ghost — 15. — teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I 
 command — 16.— you, and lo, I am with you always even unto the end — 
 17. — of the world. Behold, I stand at the door and knock. 
 
 COURT TESTIMONY, Page 108. 
 
 J. C. Walker, a witness for the plaintiff, being duly sworn, testifies 
 as follows: 
 
 Direct Examination by Hon. S. P. Tanner. 
 
 Q. What is your occupation or business? A. I am a real estate 
 dealer, but at the present time I am engaged in the insurance business. 
 
 Q. Where do you reside ? A. At 496 Market street, this city. 
 
 Q. Do you know the plaintiff in this action ? A. Yes, sir, I do. 
 
 Q. How long have you known him? A. I have been acquainted 
 with him for more than twenty year 
 
 Q. Please state whether or not you have had any business relations 
 with him during these twenty years. A. No, sir, none to speak of.
 
 146 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 Q. Well, go on and state as near as you can the conversation that 
 took place between you and the defendant at the time of your last 
 meeting. 
 
 Objected to as irrelevant, immaterial and having no bearing upon the 
 issues of the case. 
 
 Objection overruled; exception taken. 
 
 Cross Examination by Mr. A. T. Leonard. 
 
 You may examine this note (paper handed to witness) and state 
 whether or not this is your own signature signed at the bottom. A. 
 Yes, sir. I believe that is my own handwriting. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect having given that note to the defendant some 
 years ago ?
 
 DERIVATIVES OF CONTEAOTIOlirS. 
 
 Eeporting Contractions, page 80. Text book. 
 thereabouts arcord-ed accordingly accordance 
 
 ■\ '<f 6- ^ 
 
 advantages advantageous advantageously adv a nta ge.o.usness 
 
 °7 ^ °^- "Zi. " 
 
 advertised advertises advertising advertiser^ 
 
 ndvertisemenl appropriated appropriates appropriately 
 
 appropriating appropriateness appropriation inappropriaie 
 
 after- noon 
 
 after-thought accomplished accornJ>Mskes 
 
 accomplishing accomplishment businesses 
 capabilities capableness incapable 
 
 O 
 capability 
 
 convemency 
 inconveniently christians christiamze nnchristianly 
 
 circumstances circumstantial circumstantially circiimstant tality 
 
 Y 
 
 commons 
 
 covimonness common-place uncommonly 
 commonalty common-wealth commences ' commencing 
 
 comjnencement defendants establish-ed establishes 
 
 establishers establishment establishing 
 
 gloried 
 
 familiarizing fain iliarly 
 
 glorify 
 
 gloriousness 
 
 glorification glorying 
 dn^lorious hands
 
 DEKIVATIVES OF CONTRACTIONS— Conciwded. 
 handed 
 
 hand-bill 
 handsome 
 
 Ignorance 
 objective 
 
 > 
 
 ■proposes 
 
 handful 
 (magnificently 
 
 objects objective objection 
 
 .N > N 
 
 objector proposes proposition 
 
 particularize particiilarisation peculiarity 
 
 representation representative^ revolutionary 
 
 subjectively X suggestion / suggestive^_^^ 
 
 scriptural signifying signification 
 
 superintending whether or not kingly 
 
 OTHER DERIVATIVES 
 
 americanize faction-al facsimile 
 
 legislative possession 
 
 public-highway public-house 
 
 . \, "^ 
 
 richness security 
 
 strengthening 
 
 procession 
 questionable 
 
 severalty 
 
 handily 
 necessarily 
 objectionable 
 particularly 
 
 periodically 
 revolutionist 
 
 sufficiency 
 <- 9 
 
 superintendence 
 kingfisher 
 
 judging 
 
 I—. 
 
 publication 
 
 \ 
 
 r I dies 
 
 V 
 
 spiritless 
 
 Other derivatives of these coiuractions wlllTje foupd in tlie Yocabujary.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
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 Form L9-10m-3,'48(A7920)444 
 
 7T>JTV£RSITY of CALIFOKNi/v 
 
 AT 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 UBRARY
 
 M194ne McKee short 
 
 1909 hand. 
 
 - ^ liliilllB I 
 
 3 1158 01285 77. 
 
 WAR 9 - 19 ^t nvERDui 
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FAG 
 
 AA 001 168 624 3 
 
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 M194ne 
 
 1909