GENERAL LAWS OF THE State of Vermont RELATING TO Public Instruction PUBLISHED 11Y AUTHORITY. TITLE 11.— Public Statutes. IN FORCE AUGUST 1, 1907. Concord, N. H. Rumford Printing Company. 1907 GENERAL LAWS OF THE State of Vermont RELATING TO Public Instruction PUBLISHKI) BY AUTHOB1TY. TITLE 1 1 . Public Statutes. IX FORCE AUGUST 1, ,1907. Concord, N. H. Rimford Printing Company. 19C7 < TITLE 11. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Part I. — General provisions. Part II. — Special provisions. Part III. — Miscellaneous provisions. Past IV. — Public libraries. PART I. GENERAL PROVISIONS. Chapter 40. — Superintendent of education and educational meetings. Chapter 41.— Examiners of teachers and town superintendents. Chapter 42. — Superintendent of schools for two or more towns. Chapter 43. — Normal schools. Chapter 44. — Teachers' certificates and permits. Chapter 45. — Town system. Chapter 46. — Instruction for elementary pupils. Chapter 47. — Instruction for advanced pupils. Chapter 48. — School year and time allowed teachers. Chapter 49. — School age and attendance. Chapter 50. — Employment of child labor. Chapter 51. — Registers and returns. Chapter 52. — School taxes and school moneys. Chapter 53. — Text-books and supplies. Chapter 54. — Taking land for school purposes. CHAPTER 40. SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION AND EDUCA- TIONAL MEETINGS. Section 914. — Superintendent of education. Sections 915, 916. — Teachers' institutes. Section 917. — Summer schools. Section 918. — Educational meetings. Section 919. — State teachers' association. Section 920. — Reports. 247916 260 EIlH-JCATIONAL meetings. [Title 11. Section 921. Section 922. Sections 923, 924. -Circulars. -Examinations. -Courses of study. Superintendent of Education. Sec. 914. Election; duties; vacancy, etc. The general as- sembly shall elect at each biennial session a superintendent of 18^4, No. 33, §§i, 2, e( i uca tion, who shall have general supervision of the public schools and devote his whole time to the duties of his office. A vacancy in such office shall be filled by the governor. Said super- V. S. §§ 595, 596. 1888, No. 9, §§1, 3 R. L. §§452, 453. 1874, No. 36, § 4. 1872, No. 18, § 6. 1870, No. 21. G. S. 21, 22, §§1, 3. 1856, No. 5, §§i, 3, intendent shall have an office in the state house 9. V. S. §§ 598, 600, 601. 1894, No. 34. 1888, No. 9, §§5, 7. 8. R. L. § 454. 1874, No. 33, § 3. 1869, No. 7. 1868, No. 53, § 1. 1867, No. 69, § 1. 1863, No. 27. G. S. 22, § 23. 1856, No. 5, § 3. 1849, No. 14, § 3. 1845, No. 37, § 5. V. S. § 599. 1890, No. 5, § 8. 1888, No. 9, § 6. 1902, No. 29, § 1. V. S. § 598. 1894, No. 34. R. 1906, § 835. 1906, No. 44, § 1. 1902, No. 29, § 2. V. S. § 602. 1888, No. 9, § 9. 1849, No. 14, § 2. 1845, No. 37, §§3, 7. 1833, No. 19, § 1. 1827, No. 23, § 16. Teachers' Institutes. Sec. 915. When held; instruction; expense. Said super- intendent shall hold at least one and not more than two teach- 'ers' institutes in each county during each biennial term. In an institute, special attention shall be given to the training of teachers in the methods of instruction ; and said superintendent may employ persons specially skilled to aid in such work*. An institute shall not continue more than four days ; and the entire expense of an institute shall not exceed thirty dollars per day, which shall be paid by said superintendent and be allowed in the settlement of his account. Sec. 916. Examiner may conduct. If said superintendent is unable to be present at a teachers' institute, he may direct an examiner of teachers to conduct the same. Summer Schools. Sec. 917. When held; expense. Said superintendent and the examiner of teachers may, if no institute is held in a county during any year, arrange for and conduct a summer school for teachers, the expense of which to the state shall not exceed twenty-five dollars per day for not more than ten days ; and the examiner shall receive from the state compensation for not more than ten days for his services in connection with such summer school. Said superintendent and the examiners concerned may, in their discretion, unite and hold in some convenient location, a summer school for two or more counties ; but the entire expense to the state of such school shall not exceed the expense of two schools as herein provided. Educational Meetings. Sec. 918. Superintendent may hold; expense. Said su- perintendent may hold educational meetings in different towns in each county and employ competent assistants ; but the expense per day shall not exceed the allowance per day for a summer school; and the entire expense for such meetings in a county for a year shall not exceed the allowance for a summer school, which shall be paid by said superintendent and be allowed in the settlement of his account. Chap. 40.] COURSES OF STUDY. ■ 2*51 State Teachers' Association. Sec. 919. Appropriation. For the purpose of securing 1902, Nx>. 28. §§ i, speakers for the annual meeting of the state teachers' association held in accordance with the aim and purpose of institutes and summer schools, or for publishing addresses and papers under the direction of the superintendent of education, the sum of not more than two hundred dollars is annually appropriated. The auditor of accounts shall draw an order for such sums and at such times as said superintendent may require to carry out the provisions of this section. Reports. Sec. 920. Superintendent to make. Said superintendent v. s. § 603. , „ \ , . , ^ „ . , » , 1888, No. 9, § 10. shall present to the general assembly, on the first day ot eachR. l. § 456. biennial session, a report of his official acts for the preceding G .' s ; 22, %%'£, 4. two years and a statement of the condition of schools and the ^|g|; £°; ±- f § |\ expenditure of school money, with such suggestions for the im- 1845 - No - *T« § "• provement of schools as he deems proper. Circulars. Sec. 921. Superintendent to issue. Said superintendent 1902, No. 22. § 1. may annually issue and distribute among school officers and 2.' teachers, circulars of educational information at the expense of the state, the cost of printing the same not to exceed four hun- dred dollars. The auditor of accounts shall draw orders for such sums and at such times as said superintendent may require to carry out the provisions of this section. Examinations. Sec. 922. Papers; standard. Said superintendent shall fix v. s. § 605. the standard to be reached in the examination of teachers, pre-isss', No. 9, §§ 49, pare and procure the printing of questions for such examination • • Co " and blanks for teachers' certificates, and transmit the same to the examiners; and the cost of such printing shall be allowed as a part of his expenses. Courses of Study. Sec. 923. Superintendent to prepare and issue. Said su-1906. No. 43. § 4. • * a + x. j • V. S. §§ 607, cos, permtendent may, when necessary, prepare and issue a course 609. of study for use in the elementary schools as a requisite f or 18 |f' 3 No ' ' §§ *• admission to high schools and academies, and shall distribute one copy of such course to each teacher of the public schools and two copies to each school officer. Sec. 924. Expense of printing. The course of study pro-R. 1906, 5 842. vided in the preceding section and the course of study for high 1804, ftoTso, § 2. schools to be prepared by said superintendent shall be printed at the expense of the state. 262 V. S. § 610. 1S90, No. 5, § 3. 1888, No. 9, chap. V. S. 5 611. 1890, No. 5, § 8. 1902, No. 23, § 1. V. S. § 613. 1890, No. 5, § 10. 1904, No. 31, § 1. V. S. § 614. 1890, No. 5, § 11. 1904, No. 34, § 1. 1900, No. 17, § 1. 1896, No. 19, § 1. V. S. § 615. 1892, No. 20, § 12. 1886, No. 31. 1882, No. 107. V. S. § 616. 1894, No. 16i 609. EXAMINERS OF TEACHERS. CHAPTER 41. [Title 11. EXAMINERS OF TEACHERS AND TOWN SUPERIN- TENDENTS. Sections 925-930. — Examiners of teachers. Sections 931-937. — Town superintendents. Examiners of Teachers. Sec. 925. Appointment; vacancy.. At each biennial ses- sion of the general assembly, or as soon thereafter as may be, the governor and superintendent of education shall appoint an ex- aminer of teachers in each county, who shall be a resident thereof. A vacancy in such office shall be filled by the governor and said superintendent. Sec. 926. Duties as to teachers' institutes. Said examiner shall, under the direction of said superintendent, make all neces- sary arrangements for holding teachers' institutes in his county, take measures to secure the attendance of teachers at the same, give assistance at such institutes and furnish such statistical in- formation as may be required. Sec. 927. Meetings. Examiners of teachers shall meet, with said superintendent at least once in each year, when notified by him, for the purpose of formulating regulations to govern the execution of their duties and of considering other matters connected with the educational interests of the state. Said ex- aminers shall be allowed by the auditor of accounts for such ser- vices, the same per diem as for other services, not exceeding four days in a year, and their actual expenses. Sec. 928. Removal. The governor and superintendent of education may remove an examiner and appoint his successor, if, in the judgment of said superintendent, said examiner is unfit for the duties required of him or his services are unprofitable. Sec. 929. Superintendent may act as, when. Said super- intendent may, in case of the death, resignation, neglect or dis- ability of an examiner, temporarily perform the duties of his office. Sec. 930. Report. An examiner shall biennially, in the month of June, submit to said superintendent a report of his doings, with such suggestions as he deems proper. Town Superintendents. Sec. 931. Appointment. The board of school directors shall annually, on or before the first day of April, appoint a town superintendent of schools, fix his compensation and, within ten days thereafter, file for record a certificate of such appointment in the town clerk's office, r. l. §§ 458, 2658, 4540. 55 vt. 61. Sec. 932. Removal; vacancy. The board of school direc- tors may remove a town superintendent from office, if, in its judgment, he is unfit for the duties required of him; and said board may fill any vacancy. Chap. 42.] SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS. 263 Sec. 933. Term of office. The term of office of a town v. s. § git. superintendent shall begin on the first day of April following g'. s. 22, § 9. his appointment and continue for one year and until a successor ^^ N q. 1, §' 1. is appointed. 1833, No. 19, § 1. 1827, No. 23, § 3. 1845 > No - 37 ' § 1 - Sec. 934. Duties. Said superintendent shall visit the v. s. § 618. schools of the town at least once each term, and oftener if the R . £ §°459.' board of school directors so directs, note the method of instruc- ^ 4 |; ff^ %]®'§ 4. ' tion and government, inform himself of the progress of the. pu- 1|||» *£• ™> | \ pils, and give necessary advice to teachers. 1827 . No - 23 > § 3 - Sec. 935. Same. Said superintendent shall, on visiting a v. s. §^619. school, observe the condition of the school house, outbuildings and grounds, ascertain if such school is properly supplied with maps, reference books and apparatus, and its pupils with neces- sary text-books, and make such recommendations to the board of school directors as to the condition and needs of the school as he deems necessary. Sec. 936. Removal of teachers. Said superintendent may v. s. § 621. dismiss a teacher who, in his judgment, is incompetent or unfit \®& t no! 31. lo " for the position ; and such dismissal shall be given to the teacher K - L - §§ 497, 498 - in writing, who shall receive pay pro rata to the time of his dis- missal. . Sec. 937. Report. Said superintendent shall submit to the v. s. § 620. town at its annual meeting, a written report of his doings, with issg! no.' 31,' § 1. such suggestions as he deems necessary. Such report shall be **■ **■ § 46a filed in the town clerk's office. Said superintendent shall be allowed not more than three dollars for preparing such report. CHAPTER 42. SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS FOR TWO OR MORE TOWNS. Sec. 938. Union of towns, how formed. Two or more 1906, No. 45, § 1. •neighboring towns having an" aggregate of not more than seventy nor less than thirty schools of not less than twenty-eight weeks each may, by vote of the school directors of the several towns, unite to form a union for the purpose of employing a superin- tendent of schools under the provisions of this chapter, except as hereinafter provided for Grand Isle county. An incorporated district may be considered a town for the purpose of forming a union with other towns under the provisions of this chapter. A town or incorporated district maintaining thirty or more legal schools may individually be considered a union for the purposes of this chapter, if the school board thereof so elects. Sec. 939. Joint committee, how formed. The number of 1906, No. 45, §§ 1, school directors acting for a town forming a union shall not 2 ' exceed three when such union consists of two or more towns; and the directors of the towns forming a union shall form a joint committee; and, for the purposes of this chapter, said committee shall be held to be the agent of each town forming the union. Sec. 940. Joint committee; organization; duties; appoint- 1906, No. 45, §§ 2, ment of superintendent. Said committee shall meet on a day. 5 ' 264 SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS. [Title 11. and at a place agreed upon by the chairmen of the boards of school directors of the several towns forming the union, and shall organize by the choice of a chairman and a secretary, who shall serve until their successors are elected. Said committee shall meet annually on the first Tuesday in April for the trans- action of such business as may properly come before it. Said committee may adopt such by-laws governing the time and place of meeting and the order of business, as it deems advisable, pro- vided such by-laws are not inconsistent with this chapter and the laws of the state. Said committee shall elect a superin- tendent of schools, who shall serve for one year ending June thirtieth; and it shall determine the amount of service to be performed by said superintendent, which service shall be based upon the number of legal schools maintained in each town, and shall fix the salary and apportion the amount thereof to be paid by the several towns forming the union according to their re- spective grand lists, and shall certify such amount to the treasurer of each town. Towns forming such a union shall have no other superintendent of schools. When such union is effected, it shall not be dissolved for a period of three years from the date of its formation, except by a two-thirds vote of all the school directors of the towns forming the union. 1906, No. 45, § 3. Sec. 941. Apportionment of funds to towns forming union. Whenever the chairman and secretary of said commit- tee certify, under oath, to the state treasurer, that a union has been effected as provided in this chapter, and that the towns unitedly have raised by taxation, appropriated and paid in any one year a sum not less than twelve hundred and fifty dollars as a salary for a superintendent of schools, and that, under the provisions of this chapter, a superintendent has been employed for one year, the state treasurer shall apportion the sum of one thousand dollars among the several towns forming the union according to their respective grand lists, and shall pay the sums so apportioned upon the approval of the superintendent of education to the several treasurers of such towns. Said treas- urers shall place such sums to the credit of the school funds of their respective towns. If the superintendent of a town which individually constitutes a union spends any part of his time in teaching, such town shall receive from the state such portion of one thousand dollars as the time spent by him as superintendent bears to his whole time; but such sum so paid by the state shall in no case exceed five hundred dollars. 190G, No. 45, § 4. Sec. 942. Directors to draw orders. The school directors of the several towns forming a union shall draw orders on the school" funds of such towns for such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter. 1906, No. 45, §§ 3, Sec. 943. Superintendent; qualifications; duties. A su- perintendent elected under the provisions of this chapter may be removed for such cause as a majority of said joint commit- tee, with the approval of the superintendent of education, deem sufficient. Said superintendent shall devote his entire time to -the supervision of schools, except as provided for a superin- 5. Chap. 43.] NORMAL SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. 265 tendent of a town which individually constitutes a union, shall ' be a holder of, or shall have held, a first grade certificate or its equivalent, shall have taught at least fifty weeks and shall be a resident of one of the towns forming the union or become a resident before entering upon his duties. Said superintendent shall have power to examine teachers and to grant certificates of the second and third grade under the same regulations as examiners of teachers, but which shall be valid only in and for the union for which they were granted; and he shall make such statistical returns to the superintendent of education as may be required by him, and shall annually, on or before the fifteenth day of February, submit a written report of his official doings to the boards of school directors of the several towns forming the union. Said superintendent shall direct the work of the teachers and pupils, prescribe courses of study, supervise the purchase and distribution of books and supplies and may dis- miss a teacher who, in his judgment, is incompetent and unfit, and shall have all the powers and perform all the various duties required by law of town superintendents of schools. Sec. 944. Superintendent for Grand Isle county. The 1906, No. 45, § 6. school directors of the towns in Grand Isle county may form a union according to the provisions of this chapter. The joint committee so formed may employ a superintendent of schools for the towns in such county, who shall receive a salary of not less than one thousand dollars. The several towns forming such union shall be entitled to the sum of eight hundred dollars to be apportioned and paid in the manner provided for apportioning and paying money to towns* under the provisions of this chapter. CHAPTER 43. NORMAL SCHOOLS. Section 945. — Continuation. Sections 946-950. — Normal school commissioners. Section 951. — Practice departments. Section 952. — Support of normal schools. Section 953. — Admission to normal schools. Continuation. Sec. 945. Length of. The normal schools at Randolph, 1898, No. 21, § 1. Johnson and Castleton are continued until August, nineteen hun-isssi No.'io, § 1. dred and twenty. 1870, No. 20, § 1. 1866, No. 1, §§ 1, 7. f^ N 46 ii 3( § 1 _ 1874, No. 34. Normal School Commissioners. Sec. 946. Appointment; vacancies. A board of three per-1898, No. 22, § 1. sons, one of whom shall be appointed by the governor in Novem- 2 . ' " ° * ~ ' ' ber of each year and whose term of office shall be three years, shall constitute a board of normal school commissioners. The governor shall fill all vacancies in said board. Sec. 947. Resident commissioners. The governor shall isns, n . 22, § 1. also appoint biennially, for the term of two years, one resident " ' °' ' * 266 SUPPORT OF NORMAL SCHOOLS. [Title 11. 1898, No. 22, § 2. 1896, No. 20, § 3. No. §§ 4, 1898, 5. 1896, No. 20, § 5. 1898, No. 22, § 5. 1896, No. 20, § 5. commissioner in each town where a normal school is located, who shall serve without pay and only act with said board in matters pertaining to the normal school in the town of his residence. Sec. 948. Organization of board. Said board shall meet annually, on or before the tenth day of January, and organize by the election of a chairman, a secretary and a treasurer. The treasurer shall give such bonds as the governor and the auditor of accounts shall direct. Sec. 949. Duties. Said board and the superintendent of education shall have the care of the normal schools. They shall establish courses of study for such schools and revise the same when necessary, determine the conditions for admission to and for graduation from such normal schools, provide for the issue of certificates to all persons of good moral character who pass the examinations required for graduation, and may revoke the same for good and sufficient cause shown. They shall select and employ all teachers for such normal schools and shall dismiss them when the interests of the school require it. They shall have and exercise such powers as are needed for properly con- ducting such schools, and shall report to the general assembly the condition and progress of such schools and the money re- ceived and expended for the same. Sec. 950. Treasurer of board; duties. Said board, by its treasurer, shall receive all moneys appropriated by the state for the support of the normal schools and all moneys accruing to such schools from other sources, and apply the same for the benefit of such schools. 1898, No. 22, § 5. Practice Departments. § 4, Sec. 951. Establishment. Said board and the superin- tendent of education may establish practice departments in con- nection with the several normal schools. Said board shall ex- pend for the support of such departments, such part of the moneys appropriated by the state and accruing from other sources as is necessary. They shall agree with the board of school directors of a town in which a normal school is located for the use of school property held in trust by it, and arrange with said board for the maintenance of such practice departments. R. 1906, § 867. 1904, No. 32, § 1. 1900, No. 18, § 1. 1898, No. 22, § 6. 1896, No. 21, § 1. Support of Normal Schools. Sec. 952. Appropriation. The sum of seventy-five hundred dollars is appropriated annually to each of the normal schools. The auditor of accounts shall semi-annually draw an order for the sum of eleven thousand two hundred and fifty dollars on the first day of July and January, in favor of the treasurer of the board of normal school commissioners. Such sum shall be ex- pended in equal proportions by the normal school commissioners for the support of the three normal schools. Chap. 44.] TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES. 267 Admission to Normal Schools. Sec. 953. Regulations. A person who declares his inten-1902, No. 24, § 2. tion to complete a course of study in a normal school and to 9. ' teach in the state for two years after graduation therefrom, and 1896 ' No - 21 * § ~ who complies with the conditions established by the board of normal school commissioners for the admission of students, shall be entitled to free tuition in the normal school of his choice. Other persons may be admitted to the normal schools in the dis- cretion of the board of normal school commissioners on condi- tions and tuition fees fixed by it. CHAPTER 44. TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES AND PERMITS. Sections 954, 955. — General provisions. Sections 956-958. — Certificates for normal school graduates. Sections 959-9G1. — Examination of teachers. Sections 9G2, 963 — Certificates of the first grade. Sections 9G4, 9G5. — Certificates of the second grade. Section 966. — Continuation of first and second grade cer- tificates. Sections 967, 968.— Certificates of the third grade. Sections 969, 970. — Special certificates. Sections 971, 972. — Unlimited certificates. Section 973. — Primary and kindergarten certificates. Sections 974-976.— Permits. Section 977. — Revocation of certificates and permits. General Provisions. Sec. 954. Certificate necessary; age of candidate. No per- 1902, No. 25, § 1. son shall teach a public school without having a certificate or 1890; No 64 5,' § 4. a permit as hereinafter provided; and a contract for teaching } 888 ; x § ° § - 431, 4 2 9 ^ shall be void, if the teacher does not obtain such certificate or j*, 49 ^ ^ permit before opening school. No certificate or permit shall be go vt 495! issued to a person not seventeen years of age. 27 vt'. 28i! 28 vt. 575. 30 Vt. 586. 34 Vt. 270. 41 Vt. 353. 46 Vt. 452. 72 Vt. 451. 20 Vt 433 - Sec. 955. Notice by holder of certificate. A teacher hold- 1900, No. 20, § 1. mg a certificate or permit to teach shall, before school begins, is9o! No. 5,' § 2. notify the clerk of the board of school directors as to the date R 88 § n °4 9 1: § Q0, and grade of such certificate and the name of the person granting 1878 > No - 117 ' § 2 - it, and, upon request, shall submit the same to said clerk's inspec- tion. The contract of a teacher neglecting to comply with the provisions of this section shall be void. Certificates for Normal School Graduates. Sec. 956. License to teach; duration. A certificate of v. s. § 64.-.. graduation from the lower course of a normal school in this r 88 l: 5 475* § state shall be a license to teach in the public schools for five JfJJ; §£ 35.' f 3] years from the date thereof, and a certificate of graduation from 18G6 ' No - *> § 4 - the higher course of such normal school shall be a license to teach in the public schools for ten years from its date. 268 CERTIFICATES OF FIRST GRADE. [Title 11. r. 1906, § 874. Sec. 957. Same. A graduate from the lower course of a 1888 - , No. 9,' § 42. normal school, at the fifth annual examination after his gradua- te'; no. '56, § 1. tion, on presenting to the board of normal school commissioners satisfactory evidence that he has taught successfully in the pub- lic schools of the state one hundred weeks since his graduation, may be admitted to an examination for graduation from the higher course of study in such school, and, on passing a satis- factory examination therein, shall receive a certificate from said board, which shall be a license to teach in the public schools for ten years from the date thereof. 1902, No. 25, § 3. Sec. 958. Graduates of normal schools in other states. A v. s! § °648. ' graduate of a normal school in another state, approved by the ills,' No I', 1 44 superintendent of education, may receive, without examination, from an examiner of teachers, on presentation of a diploma or certificate of graduation, a certificate of the first grade, valid for five years from the date of graduation and subject to the same provisions as certificates of graduation from a normal school in this state. Examination of Teachers. 1898, No. 20, § 1. Sec. 959. Examiner to hold. An examiner of teachers v 89 f.' §§°649,' J50! shall hold public oral and written examinations for applicants i89o' No' f % 3 ^ or certificates at such times and places as shall best accommo- 18 47' is ' fir' §§ 46 ' date the teachers of the county. Said examiner shall keep a r. l! § 480.' record of the name, age and residence of each person examined, and the date and grade of each certificate issued. An applicant who fails to pass shall not have another examination within three months thereof. 1896, No. 19, § 4. Sec. 960. Who to hold in absence of examiner. If an ex- 1890! no. 5, § 3. aminer is prevented from attending, he may employ some com- 1888, No. 9, §§ 47, p e tent person to conduct the examination, and issue certificates R - L - § 48 °- upon the examination papers and the report of the person who conducted such examination. If an examiner is unable to issue certificates seasonably, the superintendent of education shall do so. An examiner of teachers who neglects for twelve days to notify an applicant for a teacher's certificate of the result of such examination shall not be paid the amount due him for conducting the examination upon which the applicant was an attendant. v. s. § 651. Sec. 961. Examination papers to be preserved. Examina- 1888! No' 9, |§ 1 45. tion papers shall be preserved in the office of the examiner at 50 - . least one year and be subject to the inspection of the superin- tendent of education. Certificates of the First Grade. v. s. § 652. Sec. 962. Qualifications of applicant; duration of license. 1888, No. 5 9, §§' 52, An examiner may issue certificates of three grades. A certificate 53- of the first grade shall be issued only to one who has taught forty weeks, whose examination papers show that the applicant has reached the standard required by the superintendent of edu- cation, who has passed a satisfactory oral examination and has ( hap. 44.] CERTIFICATES OF THIRD GRADE. 269. given evidence of good moral character and ability to govern. Such certificate shall be a license to teach in the public schools for five years from its date. Sec. 963. To college graduates. A certificate of the first 1902, No. 25, § 6. grade may be issued by an examiner of teachers to a graduate of 1894', No. 24, § 1. a college approved by the superintendent of education, without j 89 ^; ^o. 9', i 57. examination, upon presentation of a diploma or certificate of graduation ; and, at the expiration of the certificate so issued, if said graduate has taught forty weeks, the examiner may issue a second first grade certificate. Certificates of the Second Grade. Sec. 964. Qualifications of applicant; duration of license. v. s. § 653. A certificate of the second grade shall be issued only to one who isss', No! 9, § 54. has taught twelve weeks, who has passed a satisfactory examina- tion in the branches required by law to be taught in public schools, whose examination papers show that the applicant has reached the standard required by the superintendent of educa- tion and who has given evidence of good moral character and ability to govern. Such certificate shall be a license to teach in the public schools for two years from its date. Sec. 965. To high school graduates. A certificate of then. 1906, § 882. second grade may be issued by an examiner of teachers to a v. s! §°659. ' . person who presents a certificate of graduation from a four 1894 ' Xo ' 24 ' § 2 ' years' course in a high school or academy, and who also presents a certificate of the completion of an educational course of thirty weeks of daily instruction in the principles and methods of edu- cation, such course to be pursued in connection with a regular four years' course in a high school or academy and to be pre- scribed by the board of normal school commissioners, which, after a satisfactory examination conducted under its direction, may grant certificates of completion of such educational course. Continuation of First and Second Grade Certificates. Sec. 966. How long in force. A certificate of the first 1906, No. 47, § 1. grade, or a certificate of the second grade issued on examination v 9 °I.' | ekr' § 5 * ' by an examiner of teachers, held by a teacher employed con- 1890, No - 5 ' § 7 - tinuously in the same town, shall remain in force during such employment. Certificates of the Third Grade. Sec. 967. Qualifications of applicant; duration of license. i89G, No. 19, § 5. A certificate of the third grade may be issued by an examiner of i89o, n 6u |,' § 5. teachers, in his discretion, for a specified time, not exceeding one 1888, No- 9 ' § 55- year. Such certificate shall be a license to teach in the public schools of the county and may be limited to the teaching of a • particular school. It shall be issued only to one who has passed a satisfactory examination in the branches required to be taught in public schools and is of good moral character and of ability to govern, and shall be valid in a county other than the one in which it is issued after indorsement by the examiner of that 270 UNLIMITED CERTIFICATES. [Title 11. 1898, No. 20, § 2. V. S. § 655. 1890, No. 5, § 6. 1888, No. 9, §§ 45, 63. R. L. § 487. 1906, No. 43, 1904, No. 33, 1906, No. 44, 1902, No. 25, 1906, No. 47, § 2. 1902, No. 25, § 7. 1896, No. 19, § 6. V. S. § 660. 1890, No. 5, § 2. 1888, No. 9, § 59. 1902, No. 25, § 2. county. A person who has twice taken a certificate of the third grade and has taught at least twenty-four weeks shall not again be eligible to receive such a certificate. Sec. 968. Private examinations for. An examiner may, in his discretion, give private examinations and grant certificates of the third grade, to be valid until the next public examination. A fee not to exceed one dollar shall be paid by the applicant for such examination. Special Certificates. Sec. 969. Qualifications of applicant; duration of license. A special certificate may be issued by an examiner of teachers, on the approval of the superintendent of education and without examination, to a teacher of successful experience in teaching and previous certification in the first or second grade, or of special training for teaching. Such special certificate shall be a license to teach special high school subjects, music, drawing, physical culture or the industrial arts and sciences, in the public schools. Such certificate shall be valid for five years, or for two years, according to the grade of the certificate previously held by the applicant ; and, in case of special training, the grade of such certificate shall be determined by said superintendent and examiner. Sec. 970. Third grade ; regulations. A special third grade certificate may be issued by an examiner of teachers, on the approval of the superintendent of education and without exami- nation, to a person who has held a first or second grade certifi- cate, or its equivalent in another state, and presents evidence of recent and successful teaching. Such certificate shall be valid only in the town specified therein and shall be a license to teach in the public schools until the next public examination or for one year from its date. A second special third grade certificate shall not be issued, until the applicant has received another first or second grade certificate issued on examination. Unlimited Certificates. Sec. 971. Qualifications of applicant; duration of license. A certificate which shall be valid until revoked by the officers granting the same may be issued by the concurrent action of the superintendent of education and the examiner of teachers in the county where the teacher last taught, to a person who has taught in the public schools five hundred weeks, or to a person who is a graduate of an approved college and who has devoted at least eight years to teaching in or superintending public schools in this state, or to a person who has taught in the public schools of this state for two hundred weeks and has held certificates of the first grade for ten years or certificates of the first and second grade for twelve years or certificates of the second or third grade, or their equivalents, for fourteen years, provided that in no case shall special certificates be included. Sec. 972. To normal school graduates. A graduate of a Chap. 44.] PERMITS. 271 normal school holding a ten years' certificate or two five years 'v. s. § 647. certificates, who has taught successfully two hundred weeks un- \l 8 g t N °; ^ j 43 der the same, may, after the expiration thereof, by the concurrent action of the superintendent of education and the examiner of teachers of the county where such graduate last, taught, be granted, without examination, a certificate, which shall be a license to teach in the public schools until the same is revoked. Primary and Kindergarten Certificates. Sec. 973. Qualifications of applicant ; duration of license. 190*6, No. 43, § 2. An examiner may issue, without examination, a certificate to aJlgg; n°! ii) § 1. person who has taught successfully in primary grades for three hundred weeks, or to a graduate of a recognized kindergarten training school, which shall be a license to teach in primary grades or kindergarten schools for five years from its date. Permits. Sec. 974. Issue. A town superintendent may hold exam- 1906, No. 48, § 1. inations for permits to teach in particular schools for a term 1902) no.' 2^ I 8." not exceeding fourteen weeks, and, in case of a successful exam- y 89 |* §°g 6 | ' § 3< ination, shall forthwith transmit to the examiner of the county 1894, No. 23. t n n i- 1890, No. 5, § 14. the name, age and residence ot such successful applicant, to- 1884, No. 58. gether with the percentages attained in such examination and the. examination papers. Said examiner may, in his discretion, issue a permit on such examination and shall keep a record thereof. Sec. 975. Re-issue. Said examiner may, in his discretion, 1904, No. 35, § 2. re-issue permits to teach in the public schools of a town for a term not exceeding fourteen weeks, on written application by the town superintendent, stating the reasons for such re-issue. Sec. 976. Date; number limited. Such permits shall date 1904, No. 35, §§ 2, from the day of the examination, or, in case of re-issue, from the date of the application of the town superintendent. Not more than five terms of school in a school year shall be taught under permits in a town. Revocation of Certificates and Permits. Sec. 977. Who may revoke. The officer or board issuing r. 1906, § 894. a certificate or permit may, when, in his or its judgment, aJs94', § n 63- 162, § teacher proves incompetent or otherwise unfit to teach in a public i 8 !1J'no. 9, §§ 61 school, revoke the same. Written notice of such revocation shall R 6 f ' ^ ' be given to the teacher and to one of the board of school directors i87et No. 50,' § io! , . . 1865, No. 27. or trustees. g. s. 22, § 16. is58, No. 1, § 4. 272 TOWN SYSTEM. CHAPTER 45. [Title 11. TOWN SYSTEM. Sections 978- 984. — Establishment. Section 985, 986.— Elections. Sections 987- 996. — Directors. Sections 997-1002 — Clerk. V. S. § G64. 1892, No. 20, §§ 1 16. 1884, No. 27. R. L. § 589. 1870, No. 10, §§ I 4. 59 Vt. 381. 1896, No. 24, § 1. V. S. § 666. 1892, No. 21, § 23. 1888, No. 9, | 139. R. 1906. § 898. 1904, No. 43, §§ 1 2. V. S. § 667. 1892, No. 20, § 2. 67 Vt. 108. 68 Vt. 88. 72 Vt. 63. V. S. § 668. 1888, No. 9, § 138. R. L. §§ 558, 602. 1876, No. 48. G. S. 22, § 19. R. S. 18, § 1. r. iaoe, § 901. V. S. § 808. 1888, No. 9, § 245. R. L. § 525. 1870, No. 16. G. S. 22, § 43. R. S. 18, § 13. 1827. No. 23, § 10. R. 1797, p. 495, § 3. Establishment. Sec. 978. Town to constitute a district. A town shall con- stitute a district for school purposes ; and the division of a town into school districts shall no longer exist, except for the settle- ment of their pecuniary affairs, but their records shall be pre- served by the town. 68 vt. 88. m vt. 147. 74 vt. 115. Sec. 979. Town clerk to act as district clerk, when. The town clerk, in case the offices of clerk and prudential committee are vacant in a district whose financial affairs are not settled, may warn a meeting of such district as a resident district clerk. Said clerk or one of the selectmen of the town shall attend such meeting and preside over the same until a moderator is elected. Sec. 980. Voters, when disqualified. The voters in a dis- trict incorporated by a special act of the general assembly shall not vote in town meetings for the officers of, nor upon any mat- ters pertaining to, the schools of the town. ' Sec. 981. School meetings. A town in which there 4s a district incorporated by a special act of the general assembly may, if it so votes at an annual town meeting, hold an annual meeting for school purposes at any time in the month of March. A notice for the proposed change shall be inserted in the warn- ing of such annual town meeting upon the written request of ten legal voters of the town school district. Sec. 982. School property. A town shall take charge of its school houses and property belonging thereto, and all debts outstanding that have accrued for the purchase of land, erection of school houses and repairs thereon shall be audited and paid by the town. Sec. 983. School houses. A town shall provide and main- tain suitable school houses, and the location and construction of the same shall be under the control of the board of school directors. 1827, No. 23, § 1. r. 1797, p. 493, § 1. 32 vt. 224. Sec. 984. Taxes. A town may raise a tax on its grand list to purchase or hire lands or buildings for school purposes, and to build, repair or furnish school houses that may be needed for SUCh town. 1795, p. 9. R. 1787, p. 137. 61 Vt. 96. Elections. 1906, No. 43, § 5. Sec. 985. Ballots, when used. In town districts having 1892, No 7 °2i § 22. mGre tnan f° nr thousand inhabitants, the school directors shall be voted for upon a separate ballot deposited in a separate ballot box. Chap. 45.] DIRECTORS. 273 Sec. 986. Women may vote and hold office. Women, 1906, No. 93, § 1. twenty-one years of age, shall have the same right as men to vote e. ' on matters pertaining to. schools and school officers, and the i$$%\ x .' 21', T22'. same right to hold elective and appointive offices relating to* 888, ^«*^J fj-g School affairs. 1880, No. 104. 55 Vt. 61. 63 Vt. 3S3. 1880 > No. 103. Directors. Sec. 987. Election; term of office. A town shall have a v. s. § 669. board of school directors consisting of three citizens of the town, 1892', No! 20) § 4.' one of whom shall be elected at each annual meeting of the townR 88 £; ^594.'® 126 ' and whose term of office shall be for three years and until a sue- 187 ; 0, No - 10 - §§ 2 > cessor is elected. 59 vt. 658. 59 vt. 202. Sec. 988. Vacancies. The selectmen may temporarily fill v. s. § 671. a vacancy in the board of school directors until an election is r 89 l.' §§°594,' 596! had, and a record thereof shall be made in the town clerk's 18 3°' 6 No " 10 * ^ 2 ' office. Sec. 989. Oath; chairman. School directors shall be sworn v. s. § 672. and, on or before the first day of April, annually, elect one of His; no! 9, I 127. their number chairman. 1876, No. 46. 1870, No. 10, §§ 5, 7. R- L- §§ 595, 597. Sec. 990. Duties. The board of school directors shall have 1902, no. 26, § 1. the care of the school property of the town and the management v 89 |; §* ot|?' § 4 ' of its schools, keep the school houses suitably repaired and in- \ §§|; g£ |J« | \- sured, determine the number and location of schools, employ ^ 88 £- ^°- |> '§ 129 - teachers and fix their compensation, examine and allow claims 1876,' No. 46. arising therefrom and draw orders on the town treasurer in pay-ss'vt.^. ' ment thereof, have authority to designate the schools which shall 56 vt 556! be attended by the various pupils, and make regulations not in- 67 vt ' 150- consistent with law as to carrying the powers granted them into effect. Sec. 991. Liability. If a board of school directors author- r. 1906, « 908. izes a payment not authorized by law, each member thereof ijjsi', h™!', § 87. shall be liable to the town for the money so paid, to be recov- g; § ; 22^% zq ered in an action on this statute. 55 vt. 61. 1859 > N °- 39 - Sec. 992. Appropriations. Said board shall annually 1906, No. 35, § 1. recommend in writing to the town meeting, the amount of money 1892', n 6 '2d, § 14. necessary to be appropriated for the use of schools. Sec. 993. School houses and sites. Said board shall have v. s. § 675. power to purchase sites, erect school houses or sell buildings or r 89 £; §* 603 1 ' § 19 ' sites, when authorized by a vote of the town so to do. 1870 ' No - 10 > § 8 - Sec. 994. Report. Said board shall, at each annual town v. s. § 676. meeting, present a full report of its doings, together with an ex- 1|||; xo.' 9°'§ § 13°l hibit of orders drawn for school purposes. 1870, No. 10, § 3. R- L - § 599 - Sec. 995. Statement of expenditures. Said board shall 1898, No. 20, § 8: annually, on or before the second Tuesday of April, return iW, no 8 °5.' § 2. to the town clerk an itemized statement under oath of the actual 1888 ' No " 9 ' § 23T ' cash expenditures of the town for the preceding school year for school purposes ; and no town shall be entitled to receive any por- tion of its school moneys, unless such return is made. Sec. 996. Compensation. The compensation of school di-v s. 1*78. rectors shall be such sum as the town votes at an annual town isss! No.' 9,'s imi meeting, for the time actually spent in the performance of their fg.?^ xa^b. 18 274 MAINTENANCE OF SCHOOLS. [Title 11. 1870, No. io, §§ 5, duties ; and their account shall be audited and allowed as those of other town officers. Clerk. 1898, No. 20, § 5. Sec. 997. Appointment; compensation. The board of 1890*. No. 5,' § 2. school directors shall appoint a clerk, who shall serve until his 18 i28. N °" 9 ' §§ 12? ' successor is appointed and shall be paid upon the order of said board. r. l. § 596. mo, No. 10, § 6. r. 1906, j 915. Sec. 998. Directors to act as, when. In case of the ab-' 1888*, No. 9,' § 85. sence, disability or neglect of the clerk, his duties shall be per- o! 8. 22, § 36. formed by the board of school directors. 1846, No. 6. 1898, No. 20, § 5. Sec. 999. Records and returns. Said clerk shall keep a 1888*, No. 9,' § 128. permanent record of the proceedings of the board, and shall, 1876,' No. 5 53.' 596 ' within two weeks after the beginning of a term of school, send 1870* No' io' § 6 ^° ^ e exammer °f teachers for the county the names of the mi' n 2 ' § 37 ? 's i teachers employed and the grade and date of their certificates. 1827, No. 23, § 7. R. S. 18. § 10. 1898, No. 20, § 6. Sec. 1000. List of children of school age. Said clerk shall 1892^ No. 21, §§ 5, annually, on or before the first day of February, prepare an 1892, No. 20, § 13. accurate list containing the name and age of each child of 1888, No. 9, § 170. ^hcx)! age residing in the town, and the name of the parent or other person having control of such child, and shall keep such list on file and make such report therefrom as the superintendent of education may require. He shall be paid by the town for taking such census, four cents for each person of school age. r. 1906, § 918. Sec. 1001. False information; penalty. If a person hav- 1892J No. 21, § 6. ing control of a child between the ages of five and eighteen years ' refuses to give the clerk information as to the age of such child, or falsely states the same, he shall be fined not more than twenty dollars nor less than five dollars. 1896, No. 19, § 7. Sec. 1002. Registers. Said clerk shall annually, on or be- 1892' No. 21, §§ io, fore the first Tuesday of April, procure from the town clerk a r. l! §§ 619, 622. register for each school in his town district and shall be respon- 1876, No." 52, 7 i i. l " SH ^ e f° r the safe keeping thereof. 1874,' No! 33] § 4! 1872, No. 18, § 2. 1864, No. 58. G. S. 22, §§ 22, 109, 110. 1858, No. 1, §§ 7, 8. CHAPTER 46. INSTRUCTION FOR ELEMENTARY PUPILS. Sections 1003-1005. — Maintenance of schools. Sections 1006-1008. — Location of schools, and conveyance and board of pupils. Section 1009. — Kindergartens. Section 1010. — Evening schools. Sections 1011, 1012. — Non-resident pupils. Sections 1013-1015. — Elementary schools. Maintenance of Schools. v. s. §§ 683, 822. Sec. 1003. Number of weeks required; studies. A town 1892,' Na" 20,' § 6. shall maintain for at least twenty-eight weeks in a year a suf- 18 9?,' 98? 9 9 9. §§ "' ficient number of schools for the instruction of children who Chap. 46.] KINDERGARTENS. 275 may legally attend the public schools therein, and such schools 1886, No. 32. shall be kept by teachers of competent ability and of good morals. 1882', Nos. 26, 21. Pupils shall be instructed in good behavior, reading, writing, f 88 o" ( f| . 5 ||' g 6 ?; spelling, English grammar, geography, arithmetic, free hand£j 87 f' ^°- | 8 ^ 9 drawing, the history and Constitution of the United States, and R - |. is! § 1. in elementary physiology and hygiene, with special reference to R. 1797 p." 493, §' 1. the effect of alcoholic drinks and narcotics on the human system, 56 vt. 551! and shall receive special instruction in the geography, history, constitution and principles of the government of Vermont. Sec. 1004. Special instruction. The board of school direc-1906, No. 49, § 1. tors may provide for daily instruction in vocal music, physical isss', No. 9,' § 96. culture, drawing and the industrial arts and sciences, by a reg- 59 vt ' 6o8 ' ular teacher or teachers; and a town may instruct its directors to provide for such instruction by a teacher or teachers employed for such purpose. Sec. 1005. Commemorative exercises. The last half day 's v. s. § 684. session of the public schools before Memorial Day shall be de- 1894, No ' 25 ' voted to exercises commemorative of the history of the nation during the war of the Rebellion, and to patriotic instruction in the principles of liberty and the equal rights of man. Location of Schools, and Conveyance and Board of Pupils. . Sec. 1006. School directors' duties. Schools shall be lo- 1904, No. 36, § 1. cated in such places and held at such times as, in the judgment ilgg', no! 23' I 1! of the board of school directors, will best subserve the interests v 89 |- |j 68 |5 < 6 of education and give the pupils of the town equal advantages 1888 > N °- 9 > '§§ 105 ' _ loO) loo. so far as practicable. Said board may, in its discretion, provide 1882, No ; 25._ conveyance for pupils to and from school at the expense of the 66 vt. 665. town from such points as it designates, or may pay a reasonable sum for the board of such pupils while in attendance upon school. Sec. 1007. Appeal from action of directors. An inter- r. 1906, § 923. ested person may appeal from the action of the board of school ifoo) no. 21,' f 1! directors to the examiner of teachers of the county in which 1898, No - 23, § *• said directors reside, as to the conveyance of pupils, the desig- nation of a particular school for a pupil to attend, or insuf- ficient school accommodations. Such appeal shall be taken by a petition signed by five taxpayers of the town. Sec. 1008. Hearing on appeal. On notice of such appeal, 1904, No. 36, § 1. the examiner shall appoint a time and place of hearing thereon ls98! No.' 23,' I 1. in the town where such appeal originated. Such appeal shall be heard by said examiner and two other persons, one of whom shall be selected by the appellant and the other by the board of school directors ; or, if either party fails to select a referee, said examiner shall act alone. A decision shall be rendered in writing to the board of school directors, and said board shall act as directed therein. Kindergartens. Sec. 1009. Establishment. The board of school directors 1900, No. 26, § 1. may establish and maintain kindergartens into which children y? 9 !.' f°709 4 ' § L 276 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. [Title 11. 1892, No. 21, § 1. 1888, No. 9, § 151. 1886, No. 32. R. 1900, § 927. 1898, No. 28, § 1. V. S. § 834. 1888, No. 9, § 1C3. R. L. § 678. 1874, No. 37, § 2. under five years of age may be received. Such kindergartens as conform to the laws governing public schools shall be considered public schools. Evening Schools. Sec. 1010. Establishment ; studies. A town may establish and maintain evening schools which shall be conducted as day schools except as herein provided. A session of an evening school may be treated as a half day's session of a public school. A person desirous of learning to speak and read the English lan- guage, or of pursuing the studies required to be taught in public schools, or of studying commercial subjects, may be admitted as a pupil into an evening school upon such terms as the board of school directors prescribes. Non-Resident Pupils. 189?' no 6 1o I 30 ' Sec. 1011. Instruction. The board of school directors may 1888^ No! 9, '§§ 106, receive into the schools under its charge non-resident pupils, under such terms and restrictions as it deems best; and money received for the instruction of such pupils shall be paid into the school fund of the town. 72 vt. 126. Sec. 1012. Same. A child residing in the vicinity of a school in an adjoining town, who can be better accommodated in such school, may demand the privileges of the same. The tuition charged shall be paid from the school money of the town in which said pupil is a resident; and the tuition paid shall not be greater than the cost per pupil per week for the maintenance of such school, provided that the same does not exceed one dollar per week. Elementary Schools. R. L. § 598. 1870, No. 10, § 9. 64 Vt. 511. 64 Vt. 527. 1898, No. 25, § 1. 1906, No. 53, § 1. 1906, No. 53, § 2. Sec. 1013. Definition. A school performing the work pre- scribed in a nine years' course of study, or part thereof, pre- pared by the superintendent of education for ungraded schools, shall be considered an elementary school. Sec. 1014. Transportation and .board of pupils. Twenty thousand dollars is hereby annually set aside in the state treasury for the purpose of aiding towns which have furnished, during the preceding school year, transportation and board for their resi- dent pupils in attendance upon the elementary schools. A board of division which shall consist of the governor, state treasurer and superintendent of education shall annually, on or before the first day of July, apportion such amount among the several towns which have furnished such transportation and board and which have raised by taxation and expended fifty per cent or more on their respective grand lists for school purposes, excluding interest on the United States deposit fund, the state school tax and money for new school houses, in the following ratio : to towns having raised and expended fifty per cent or more, one share per dollar expended for transportation and board; to towns having raised and expended sixty per cent or more, one and one-half shares; and to towns having raised and expended seventy per cent or Chap. 47.] HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 277 more, two shares. Upon the completion of the apportionment, said board shall forthwith transmit the same to the state treas- urer, who shall annually, on or before the tenth day of July, pay the several towns according to the portion assigned by said board. Sec. 1015. Returns by board of school directors. Thei906, No. 53, § 3. board of school directors shall annually, on or before the second Tuesday of April, furnish the town clerk, on a blank to be fur- nished said board by the superintendent of education, a sworn statement of the actual expenditure by said board for transpor- tation and board of resident pupils in attendance upon the ele- mentary schools ; and the town clerk shall annually, on or before the first day of June, upon a blank to be furnished him by said superintendent, certify to said superintendent the sum expended .by said board for transportation and board of resident pupils, and the per cent actually raised and expended for school pur- poses, excluding interest on the United States deposit fund, the state school tax and money expended for new T school buildings. No town shall be entitled to any portion of the sum hereinbe- fore set aside unless such certificate is made as herein required. CHAPTER 47. INSTRUCTION FOR ADVANCED PUPILS. Section 1016. — High schools and academies. Section 1017. — Maintenance of high schools. Sections 1018-1020. — Qualifications of pupils. Sectiox 1021. — Standard of high schools and academies. Section 1022. — Duties of town clerk. Section 1023. — Appropriation. High Schools and Academies. Sec. 1016. Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter, r. 1906, § 932. a high school shall be a school of any one of the following ilot; no! 27,' f t'. classes : first class, a school of a four years course or courses ; second class, a school of a three years course or courses ; third class, a school of a two years course or courses; fourth class, a school of a one year course or courses. The course or courses of instruction in each school in any one of the four classes shall begin immediately at the completion of an elementary course of nine years. Each school shall be considered a single school, in and for which a single register shall be kept and returned according to law, and each shall be maintained at least thirty- three weeks in the school year and shall be taught by a teacher or teachers of competent ability, of good morals and legal cer- tification; and, in each, instruction shall be given in English language and literature, higher mathematics, history, natural science and, in schools of the first and second class, ancient and modern languages; and instruction may be given in political, social, moral and industrial sciences, commercial subjects, ancient and modern languages, music and physical culture, and in the fine and mechanical art's. The course or courses and subjects 278 STANDARD— HIGH SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES. [Title 11. of study for each school shall be prescribed by the superin- tendent of education, and each school shall conform thereto. An educational institution legally incorporated and providing instruction equivalent to that of a high school of any class shall be an academy. Maintenance of High Schools. r. 1906, § 934. Sec. 1017. Towns to maintain, etc. A town shall main- 2. ' ' tain a high school or furnish higher instruction for its advanced 19 2f'3. N °' 27, §§ pupils as follows: the board of school directors shall, at an ex- 1900, No.^22, § l. p e nse not to exceed eight dollars a term or twenty-four dollars }?&t' S a 15> ! 1- a year for each pupil, unless the board of school directors is 1892, No. 20, § 7. r. l. §§ 568, 572, authorized by vote of the town to pay a higher tuition, provide 1880, No. 97, § i. and arrange for the instruction of advanced pupils in a high 1869. No." 9, 2 '§ i. school of an incorporated district or an academy within the 78 vt. 383. town, or in the high schools or academies. of other towns within or without the state. If a town does not maintain a high school of the first class, the board of school directors shall provide and arrange for the instruction of the advanced pupils of the town, for the remaining years necessary to complete the course or courses of study in a high school of the first class, in a high school of an incorporated district or academy within the town, or in the high schools or academies of other towns within or without the state. Qualifications of Pupils. 1906, No. si, § l. Sec. 1018. Examination. Whenever a pupil demands the payment of his tuition in a high school or academy of another town as provided by this chapter, the superintendent of the town in which said pupil resides shall hold an examination as provided in the following section, for determining his quali- fications for entrance into such school. 1906, No. 51, § 2. Sec. 1019. Examination papers. Said superintendent shall procure papers for such examination from the superintendent of education, conduct the examination and forward the results thereof to the examiner of teacher of the county wherein said pupil resides, and, by and with his advice, determine the qualifi- cations of said pupil. 1906, No. si, § 3. Sec. 1020. Liability of town for tuition. A town shall not be required to pay the tuition of any pupil under the provisions of this chapter, until said pupil is found qualified to enter such school, by the town superintendent and the examiner of teachers as provided in the preceding section. The provisions of this and the two preceding sections shall not apply to pupils in such schools prior to April first, nineteen hundred and seven. Standard of High Schools and Academies. 1906, No. 51, §§ l, Sec. 1021. Superintendent to determine; appeal. The 1906, No. 50, § 2. superintendent of education shall, on request, determine and 19ot; No. 3 2 7 7, § §§' 6, establish the standard of any high school or academy. An inter- T. ' ' ested person may appeal to said superintendent, whose decision Chap. 48.] SCHOOL YEAR— TIME ALLOWED. 279 shall be final, from the action of the board of school directors in regard to the high school or academy designated for attendance or the tuition to be paid for advanced instruction. No person shall be deprived of such instruction by reason of age. Duties of Town Clerk. Sec. 1022. Statistics. The town clerk, in case pupils are 1906, No. so, § i. provided with higher instruction under this chapter, shall annu- 1902; No. 27, §§'2, ally, on or before the first day of June, furnish the superin- 3 - 4 - tendent of education, on a blank to be supplied by him, a cer- tified statement of the name, age and attendance of each pupil, the school attended, the amount of tuition paid for each pupil for the school year ending March thirty-first preceding, and the aggregate amount so expended, not exceeding twenty-four dollars per pupil per school year. Said superintendent shall forthwith transmit such statement to the state treasurer. Appropriation. Sec. 1023. Disbursement. The state treasurer shall an- 1906, No. 50, § 1. nually, on or before the tenth day of July, pay to the several 1902,' No.' 21, § 4. towns which have paid tuition for higher instruction according to the provisions of this chapter, sums as follows, according to and based on tuitions not exceeding twenty-four dollars per pupil per school year :* to towns having raised and expended for current school expenses during the preceding school year, exclud- ing interest on the United States deposit fund, the state school tax, and expenditures for new buildings, forty per cent or more of their grand lists, a sum equal to one-fourth of the amount expended for tuitions ; to towns having raised and expended fifty per cent or more of their grand lists, a sum equal to one-half the amount so expended ; to towns having raised and expended sixty per cent or more, a sum equal to three-fourths of the amount so expended ; and to towns having raised and expended seventy per cent or more, a sum equal to the amount so expended. CHAPTER 48. SCHOOL YEAR AND TIME ALLOWED TEACHERS. Sec. 1024. School year. The school year shall commence v. s. § 703. the first day of April and end the last day of March following, iff!; xo. 9*'§f 163, In the absence of express contract, a session of three hours in the R ^'g 677 forenoon and three in the afternoon shall constitute a school J, 872 - No. 16. day; five days, a school week; and four weeks, a school month. 1847, No. 24, § 1. Sec. 1025. Time allowed teachers. The time not exceed- r. 190c § 93s. ing four days actually spent by a teacher in attendance upon a v ?°s! f°io7?' § meeting of the state teachers' association, or upon a teachers' in- iHI' no IS^ib stitute, and the time actually spent by a teacher in attendance 1882 > No - 22 » § *■ upon an educational meeting held by the superintendent of edu- cation or town superintendent in the town where such person teaches, during the time such teacher is engaged, shall, in deter- 280 ATTENDANCE. [Title- 11, V. S. § 708. 1892, No. 21, § 4. 1888, No. 9. § 1G7. 1886, No. 28. mining the compensation of the teacher and the number of weeks of school, be accounted the same as if spent in teaching. Sec. 1026. Holidays. A teacher in a public school shall not be required to teach on a legal holiday ; and, in determining the number of weeks taught by said teacher, no deduction shall be made from his time or compensation because of his absence on such days. CHAPTER 49. SCHOOL AGE AND ATTENDANCE. Section 1027. — Legal pupils. Section 1028. — Truant officers. Sections 1029-1032.— Attendance. Sections 1033-1039. — Duties of truant officers. Section 1040. — Complaints. Sections 1041-1043.— Penalties. 1900, No. 26, § l. 1898, No. 24, § 1. V. S. § 709. 1892, No. 22, § 1. 1892, No.- 21, § 1. 1888, No. 9, § 150. R. L. § 675. 1870, No. 11, § 3. 1904, No. 38, § 1. V. S. § 710. 1892, No. 22, § 2. R. L. § 670. 1870, No. 13, § 1. Legal Pupils. Sec. 1027. Definition. The words "legal pupils" shall in- clude persons between the ages of five and eighteen years, but no person shall be deprived of public school advantages on account of age. No child under five years of age shall be received into a public school, except a kindergarten ; and a child attaining the age of five years after the beginning of the fall term of a school year shall not be received into a public school, except a kinder- garten, until the beginning of the fall term of the following year, unless said child has the written permission of the town superintendent. Truant Officers. Sec. 1028. Appointment. The board of school directors shall annually appoint one or more truant officers and report such appointments to the town clerk for record on or before the first day of April. On failure to appoint said truant officers, the sheriff, deputy sheriffs, constables and police officers shall act as truant officers. Attendance. 1904, No. 39, § i. Sec. 1029. Requirements. A person having the control v 9 !: ?°7ii?' § 8 ' of a child between the ages of eight and fifteen years shall, lilt No. II | I: unless such child is mentally or physically unable to so attend, or J888-' J To 66 §~' § 15 ^- has already acquired the branches required to be taught in public i867i No. 35, §§ i, schools, or is otherwise being furnished with the same education, 69 3 vt. ss. cause such child to attend a public school continuously at least twenty-eight weeks in a year, and, if the school in which such child is a pupil is held for more than twenty-eight weeks, shall cause such child to continue in school, unless excused in writing by the board of school directors. r. 1906, § 943. Sec. 1030. Same. If a person having the control of a child 1904, No. 39, § i. un( j er eight or over fifteen years allows such child to be en- rolled as a pupil in a public school or in a school in which his Chap. 49.] DUTIES OF TRUANT OFFICER. # 281 tuition is paid at the public expense, he shall cause such child to attend such school continuously during the term for which he is enrolled, unless he is mentally or physically unable to continue or is excused in writing by the board of school directors. Sec. 1031. Clerk to furnish list of pupils. The clerk of raoe, No. 52, § 4. the board of school directors shall, on or before the first day of v. s.' § °7i6. ' each term, provide the teacher of each school with a list con-jjgt; ^o.' 22! I s. taining the names and ages of all children required to attend such school during the ensuing term. Sec. 1032. Non-attendance, truant officer to be notified. 1906, No. 52, § 4. In case a child between the ages of eight and fifteen years fails v. s! § °7i6. \ to enter such school at the beginning thereof, or, being enrolled, Hot, no. 22, I I'. fails to attend the same, or in case a child over fifteen years becomes enrolled in a public school and fails to attend, the teacher shall forthwith notify the truant officer. Duties of Truant Officer. Sec. 1033. Non-attendance of pupils. Said truant officer 1906, No. 52, § 4. shall, upon such notice or upon request in writing by a citi- v 9 °s.' r fi«- § 2 zen of the town, forthwith inquire into the cause of such child's ifgf; n£ If,' f I non-attendance; and, if he finds that such child is required to attend school, he shall take him to school, place him in charge of the teacher thereof and notify the person having him under his control of the provisions of law relating to school attendance ; and a truant officer may stop a child between the ages of eight and fifteen years, wherever found, and take him to the school, public or private, which he should attend. Sec. 1034. Complaints to be made, when. If a truant of- 1906, No. 52, § 4. ficer, or an officer authorized to make arrests under this chapter, v. s! § °fi6. ' S ' has reason to believe that a person having control of a child has Jig!' £-£' of' I I' violated the provisions of this chapter, he shall forthwith enter a complaint to the town grand juror of the town in which said person resides, or to the state's attorney of the county, who shall prosecute said person. Sec. 1035. Overseer of the poor to be notified. If a per- r. 1906, § 948. son having the control of a child of school age notifies the tru- v. s! § °in. ' ant officer that he is unable to provide such child with suitable i|g|' ^o If,' § 9. clothing for school attendance, or if, upon inquiry into such child's non-attendance, said truant officer is satisfied that he is not properly clothed and that said person is unable to provide suitable clothing for him, he shall notify the overseer of the poor, who shall at once provide necessary clothing for such child. Sec. 1036. Arrests; notice. A truant officer, school direc- i90G, No. 52, § 5. tor, or an officer authorized to make arrests in the town, may, v. s.' §°7i8. ' and upon the written application of three voters in the town ifj^; *£; f 97* 4 " shall, arrest a child who, under the provisions of this chapter, J|||' ?*°- ip'Alg - is required to attend school and who is an habitual truant, and i 88 * 5 - ^.j* 5 - shall take him to the school in such town, place him in charge liro,' No. 13, § 1. of the teacher thereof and give notice in writing to the person having such child under his control, requiring him to cause such child to attend school regularly. 282 • EMPLOYMENT OF CHILD LABOR. [Title 11. v. s. § 719. . Sec. 1037. Complaints for non-attendance after notice. 1888! No. 9^'i ieo! Upon such notice, if the person having the control of such child 1870,' No 67 i3, § 2. fails, without reason, to cause him to attend school regularly for the remainder of the term for which the arrest was made, the officer making the arrest shall make complaint, and said person shall be fined as hereinafter provided. 1898, No. 25, § 2. Sec. 1038. Authority over non-resident pupils. A truant officer of the town in which a non-resident pupil is in attendance upon school shall have the same authority and jurisdiction over such non-resident pupil as in the case of resident pupils. K- i 90 s 6 * 7 L 956 - Sec. 1039. Compensation. A person acting as truant of- 1892" No. 22, § is. ficer shall receive two dollars per day for time actually spent, un- less otherwise provided, the same to be paid by the town or incor- porated school district. Complaints. v. s. § 720. ' Sec. 1040. Form. The complaint shall be sufficient if it 1888^ No! 9r§ iei! states that the parent, master or guardian neglects to send his mo! No. 13, §§ 3, child, apprentice or ward (naming him) to school as required 69 4 vt. 85. b y law - Penalties. 1906, No. 52, § 5. Sec. 1041. Truancy and disobedience. A child enrolled v. s. § 718.' in the public schools who is guilty of wilful and continued dis- obedience to school rules and regulations or laws, or whose con- duct is pernicious and injurious to the school, or who is an habitual truant, may be sentenced to the Vermont industrial school for a period of not less than twenty-eight weeks. 1896, No. 19, § 9. Sec. 1042. Neglect of duty by officers. A truant or other 1892 - , No. 22, § 13. officer authorized to make arrests in the town, or an overseer of 1886,' No. 25. * the poor, who refuses or neglects to carry out the provisions of this chapter, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars. r. 1906, § 955. Sec. 1043. Generally; jurisdiction of courts. A person 5. ' ' ' who violates a provision of this chapter shall, unless otherwise 1898! No! 26, I l! provided, be fined not more than twenty-five dollars nor less v 89 | ^°§ 7V 716 tnan five dollars, which shall be paid to the town. Justices and 718, 719, 721. municipal courts shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the county court of offenses arising under this chapter. CHAPTER 50. EMPLOYMENT OF CHILD LABOR. 1906, No. 52, § 1. Sec. 1044. Employment of children under sixteen years v 90 !.' ?°7i2 55 ' § 2 ' of age. A child under sixteen years of age who has not com- 1I9I; So! 22, I f. pleted the course of study of nine years prepared for the elemen- r 88 l ?°673 § 154 ' tar y schools by the superintendent of education shall not, unless 1867! No. 35, § 2. excused in writing by the town superintendent of schools, be em- ployed in work connected with railroading, mining, manufac- turing or quarrying, or be employed in delivering messages by a corporation or company, except during vacation and before and after school, unless said child deposits with his employer a cer- tificate from said superintendent to the effect that he is eligible Chap. 51.] REGISTERS. 283 to employment in accordance with the provisions of this chapter ; and no child under sixteen years of age shall be employed after eight o'clock at night in any of the occupations or industries herein enumerated. In case said child has been in attendance upon a private or parochial school, said superintendent is em- powered to examine said child for the purpose of determining his eligibility to employment in accordance with this section. Sec. 1045. Town superintendent's duties. A town super- 1906, No. 52, § 2. intendent may inquire of the owner or superintendent of a mill, 1592', n . 22, § 5. factory, quarry, work shop, or railroad office, shop or yards, 1888, No * 9> 8 lo °* as to the employment of children therein, may call for the pro- duction of the certificates deposited with such owner or super- intendent, and satisfy himself that the requirements of law have been complied with. Sec. 1046. Employment of children under twelve years of 1906, No. 52,5 3. age. No child under the age of twelve years shall be employed ' °' °°' by or permitted to work for any railroad company, or in any mill, factory, quarry or work shop, or in delivering messages for a corporation or company. Sec. 1047. General prohibition. No person having a child 1904, No. 155, § 3. under his control shall allow him to be employed contrary ,to the provisions of this chapter. Sec. 1048. Penalty. A person who violates a provision of 1904, No. 155, § 3. this chapter shall be fined fifty dollars. . 1892' No. 22, § 7. 1888, No. 9, § 157. R. L. § 673. 1867, No. 35, § 3. Sec. 1049. Jurisdiction. County and municipal courts andi904, No. 155, § 4. justices shall have concurrent jurisdiction of offenses under this chapter, and truant officers and all informing officers are author- ized to make complaints for violations of the same. Sec. 1050. Complaints. A complaint for a violation of the v. s. § 720. 1 &Q^ \ t a 00 ft 19 third preceding section shall be sufficient if it states that the per- isss', No." 9,~§ 161!" son having a child under his control neglects to send said child f^', No. 7 13, §§ 3, (naming him) to school as required by law. 69% t 85 CHAPTER 51. REGISTERS AND RETURNS. Sections 1051-1055.— Registers. Section 1056. — Penalties. Sections 1057, 1058. — Returns. Section 1059. — Fees. Registers. Sec. 1051. Superintendent of education to prescribe blank v. s. § 723. forms. The superintendent of education shall prescribe blank isss! No! 9, '§ 188. T? T 6 fit fl forms for a school register for keeping a record of the daily at-^s,' No. 117, § 6. tendance of pupils, and containing printed interrogatories for^f^ jj°; f|; | f; procuring the statistical information required to be gj^en by^ 5 |- ff V^V. teachers and school officers, and for procuring such other infor- mation as he deems desirable. 284 FEES. [Title 11. V. S. § 724. 1892, No. 21, § 9. 1888, No. 9, § 189. R. L. § 617. 1874, No. 33, § 4. 1872, No. 18, § 2. G. S. 22, § 109. 1858, No. 1, § 7. V. S. § 725. 1892, No. 21, § 11. 1888, No. 9, § 191. 1886, No. 33, § 3. R. L. § 620. 1878, No. 117, § 1. 1865, No. 30. 1864, No. 58. G. S. 22, § 110. 1858, No. 1, § 8. 50 Vt. 30. 63 Vt. 647. V. S. § 726. 1892, No. 21, § 12. 1888, No. 9, §§ 191. 192. R. L. § 621. 1867, No. 19. 1865, No. 30. G. S. 22, § 110. 7. R. 1906, § 968 1896, No. 19, V. S. § 727. 1892, No. 21, § 13. 1888, No. 9, § 193. R. L. § 622. 1878, No. 117, § 1. 1864, No. 58. G. S. 22, § 110. 1858, No. 1, § 8. R. 1906, § 1014. V. S. § 853. 1888, No. 9, § 240. Sec. 1052. Town clerk to be supplied with. Said super- intendent shall annually, in the month of February, transmit to the town clerks a sufficient number of such registers to supply the schools in their respective towns, who shall receipt therefor. Sec. 1053. Teachers to procure and keep. A teacher be- fore commencing school shall procure a register from the clerk of the board of school directors, keep therein, in the prescribed form, a record of the daily attendance of each" pupil, enter therein correct answers to the interrogatories addressed to the teachers, and return such register to said clerk, at the end of each term, the final return to be on or before the first day of April. Sec. 1054. Clerk to examine. Said clerk shall examine the register; and, if it is filled out and properly certified to by the teacher, he shall give a certificate to that effect ; and the teacher shall not be entitled to -compensation except on presentation of such certificate. isss, No. l, § s. so vt. 30. • Sec. 1055. Clerk to -answer interrogatories and file. Said clerk, upon the final return to him of the register, shall enter therein correct answers to the interrogatories to be answered by him, the name of the teacher of the school during the year for which such register was kept, the date and character of such teacher's certificate, and certify to the correctness of such entry; and said clerk shall file the register so completed in the office of the town clerk, on or before, the second Tuesday of April. Penalties. Sec. 1056. False certificate or answers. A clerk of a board of school directors who knowingly makes a false cer- tificate as to the date or character of a teacher's certificate or who knowingly makes false answers to the interrogatories con- tained in the school register shall forfeit to the town one hundred dollars, to be recovered in an action on this statute. ■ V. S. § 730. 1892, No. 21, § 15. 1888, -No. 9, § 197. R. L. § 627. 1874, No. 33, § 5. G. S. 22, § 112. 1858, No. 1, § 2. 1856, No. 5, § 4. 1849, No. 14, § 6. 1847, No. 24, § 6. V. S. § 731. 1892, No. 21, § 16. 1888, No. 9, § 198. R. L. § 628. 1874, No. 33, § 6. . G. S. 22, § 113. 1858, No. 1, § 13. V. S. § 732. 1892, No.' 21, § 17. 1888, No. 9, § 199. Returns. Sec. 1057. Town clerk to make. The town clerk shall an- nually, in the month of April, or at such time as the superin- tendent of education directs, make out and return to him such statistics as he requires, upon blanks furnished by said super- intendent, who shall receipt therefor. 1845, No. 37, § 5. 1843, No. 16, § 2. 1833, No. 19, § 1. 1827, No. 23, § 5. Sec. 1058. Principals to make. The trustees of incor- porated schools shall cause their principals to return to the super- intendent of education, on or before the first day of April, an- nually, answers to the statistical inquiries addressed to them by said superintendent. Fees. • Sec. 1059. Allowed to town clerk. For services rendered as required by this chapter, a town clerk shall receive from the Chap. 52.] UNITED STATES DEPOSIT MONEY. 285 town treasurer three cents for each legal pupil in the town; but such compensation shall not be more than twenty dollars nor less than three dollars. CHAPTER 52. SCHOOL TAXES AND SCHOOL MONEYS. Sections 1060-1064 — School taxes. Sections 1065-1071. — United States deposit money. Section 1072. — Permanent public school fund. Sections 1073-1083. — Trustees of permanent school fund. Section 1084. — Distribution of permanent public school fund. Section 1085. — Report. Section 1086. — Audit of permanent public school fund. Sections 1087-1890.— Town school fund. Sections 1091-1096.— State school tax. Section 1097. — Legal schools. Sections 1098, 1099. — Division of public money between town and incorporated district. Sections 1100, 1101.— Statements. Section 1102. — Forfeitures. Sections 1103, 1104. — Miscellaneous. School Taxes. Sec. 1060. Grand list. The grand list of a town school v. s. § 733. district shall be made up of the ratable polls and real and per-isssl No.' 9, '§200! sonal estate therein. R * L- § 630- Sec. 1061. Appropriation. A town shall annually appro- 1906, No. 35, § 2. priate for school purposes a sum not less than one-fifth of thei892', No! 26, § 14. grand list of the town school district, and the selectmen shall 18 f|' 7 . No ' 9 ' §§136, assess a tax to meet such appropriation. 57 vt. 31. f^- fj 60 ^ § 8 Sec. 1062. Town treasurer to keep separate account. The v. s. § 735. town treasurer shall keep a separate account of the moneys ap- isss! No.' 9, '§ 137] propriated or given for the use of schools, and shall pay out of fg^ no 6 °i6, § 8. such moneys orders drawn by the board of school directors for school purposes. Sec. 1063. Income of permanent public school fund. 190G, No. 54, § 16. Said treasurer shall give credit in his account of the school fund • for sums received by the town from the income of the permanent public school fund. Sec. 1064. Report by town treasurer. Said treasurer v. s. § 752. shall report at each annual town meeting the amount of moneys ' received for school purposes, the source from which received, and how the same has been divided and paid. United States Deposit Money. Sec. 1065. State treasurer to receive. The state treas-v. s. § 736. urer shall receive moneys belonging to the United States to be r. * f°639. b ~ 10 ' deposited with this state and give a certificate of deposit for^; |; f| | f|; the same according to law. 1836 - No - 15 > § *• 286 PERMANENT SCHOOL FUND. [Title 11. V. S. § 739. 1888, No. 9, § 214. R. L. § 643. G. S. 22, §§ 97, 98. 1842, No. 13. § 2. R. S. 18, § 48. 1836, No. 15, § 2. 1906, No. 54, § 17. V. S. § 740. 1888, No. 9, § 213. R. L. § 642. G. S. 22, §§ 95, 99. 1842, No. 13, § 1. V. S. § 745. 1888, No. 9, § 219. R. L. § 648. G. S. 22, § 100. R. S. 18, § 50. 1S36, No. 15, § 2. R. 1906, § 985. V. S. § 746. 1888, No. 9, § 220. R. L. § 649. G. S. 22, § 107. R. S. 18, § 56. 1836, No. 15, § 7. V. S. § 747. 1888, No. 9, § 221. R. L. § 650. G. S. 22, § 108. R. S. 18, § 57. 1836, No. 15, § 7. V. S. § 748. 1888, No. 9, § 222. R. L. § 651. 1865, No. 39, § 2. Sec. 1066. Trustees of public money to give bond. The trustees of public money shall, before entering upon the duties of their office, execute a bond to the town, with at least three sufficient sureties, in such sum as the selectmen direct, condi- tioned for the faithful performance of their duties in loaning, managing, accounting for and paying over, as may be required by law, the moneys placed in their charge. If a trustee fails to execute such bond, his office shall be vacant, and such va- cancy may be filled as vacancies in other town offices. Sec. 1067. Trustees to manage and report. Said trustees shall manage such money and report the condition of the same at each annual town meeting. r. s. 18, § 49. 1837, No. 12, § 3. 1836, No. 15, § 3. Sec. 1068. Towns accountable. If a town has received its portion of deposit money, it shall be accountable for the same when required by the state treasurer on requisition of the United States, or for the purpose of a new apportionment, as a town is accountable for state taxes. Sec. 1069. Penalty for neglect by towns. If a town fails to comply with the provisions of the three preceding sections relative to the management or disposition of the United States moneys received by such town, it shall forfeit to the county treasurer, for the use of such county, a sum not exceeding double the amount of the interest on such moneys, to be recov- ered in an action on this statute. Sec. 1070. Grand jury's duties. The grand jury shall inquire how the towns have managed and disposed of the money so deposited with them and the annual interest thereof; and, if a town has not complied with the provisions of the four pre- ceding sections relative to such deposit money, it shall present to the court its indictment therefor against the town; and the clerk shall give twenty days' notice thereof to such town, which shall be served as a writ of summons. Sec. 1071. State treasurer to adjust accounts. The state treasurer, in the collection of the United States deposit money loaned by former treasurers, shall adjust and settle the same as is for the interest of the state. 1906, No. 54, § 1. 1906, No. 54, § 2. Permanent Public School Fund. Sec. 1072. How constituted. The sum of two hundred and forty thousand dollars returned by the national govern- ment to the state in settlement of the civil war claims, the Hunt- ington fund, the United States deposit money and such other additions as may be made to the fund hereby established shall be held intact and in reserve as a permanent public school fund. Trustees of Permanent School Fund. Sec. 1073. How constituted; duties. The governor, lieu- tenant-governor, state treasurer and superintendent of educa- tion, ex-officio, and three persons to be appointed biennially by Chap. 52.] TRUSTEES OF SCHOOL FUND. ' 287 the governor, whose terms of office shall continue until the first day of November of the next biennial year and until their suc- cessors are appointed and qualified, unless sooner removed by the governor, shall constitute a board to be known as trustees of permanent school fund. Said trustees shall invest the per- manent public school fund in the following named securities only: United States bonds, state bonds, bonds of cities and school districts located in the United States, excluding terri- tories, and having a population of over twenty thousand, and bonds of towns, cities and villages in this state whose total in- debtedness does not exceed five times the amount of the grand list. Said board may receive gifts, bequests or additions to such permanent public school fund; and all purchases and sales of securities shall be made by, and all securities shall be taken in the name of, and so far as possible made payable to, the trus- tees of permanent school fund. Sec: 1074. ^ Organization; meetings. Said trustees shall 1906, No. 54, § 3. organize by the election of a chairman, secretary and a com- mittee on finance of three members, of which the secretary shall be one, at a meeting to be held in the executive chamber of the state capitol at two o'clock in the afternoon on the second Tues- day of November in each biennial year, or at an adjournment thereof, or at a special meeting duly called if the organization is not then completed. Regular meetings of the board shall be held at such times and places as the members by vote determine. On the request of anj» two members of the board, the secretary shall call a special meeting thereof by notice in writing mailed to each member at least three days before such meeting, but the board may act without notice of a special meeting when all are present. Sec. 1075. Committee on finance; duties. The commit- 1906, No. 54, § 4. tee on finance shall, by unanimous action, make all investments of the permanent public school fund and designate depositories therefor, and, in the name of the trustees, shall execute all checks, transfers or releases of securities and do all things neces- sary to the proper management of the assets and income of such fund. Sec. 1076. Compensation. The trustees shall receive noi906, No. 54, § 5. compensation for their services, but shall be paid their neces- sary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. Sec. 1077. Vacancies; secretary, duties of. Vacancies 1906, No. 54, § g. among the trustees appointed shall be filled by the governor, and vacancies in the officers of the board shall be filled by the mem- bers at a regular meeting or at a special meeting called for that purpose. The secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the board and of the committee on finance, recording in detail the proceedings of said committee relating to investments, in- come and disbursements and the management of the permanent public school fund. • Sec. 1078. Huntington fund. On such part of the re-1906, No. 54, § 7. mainder of the Huntington fund heretofore converted to the use of the state as shall not have been, at the time of the distribu- 288 TRUSTEES OF SCHOOL FUND. [Title 11. tion of the income from the permanent public school fund in each year, paid over to the trustees of permanent school fund as hereinafter provided, six per cent interest shall annually be segregated by the state treasurer as a part of the income of the permanent public school fund, and such interest shall be distributed like the other income from such fund; and, whenever at the end of any fiscal year there is a surplus in the state treasury over and above the liabilities of the state, such part of such surplus shall be paid over to the trustees of perma- nent school fund as the trustees of such fund may determine at a meeting to be called for that purpose, until an amount equal to that part of the Huntington fund heretofore converted into cash by the state treasurer shall have been so transferred. 190G, No. 54, § s. Sec. 1079. United States deposit money. The United States deposit money held in the state treasury for towns which have not elected trustees of public money and for unorganized towns and gores, together with three per cent interest thereon since the last distribution, shall be turned over to the trustees of permanent school fund at their request and before the distri- bution of the state school tax in nineteen hundred and seven, the principal sum for investment as a part of the permanent public school fund, and the amount of three per cent interest for dis- tribution with the other income from the permanent public school fund. 1906, No. 54, § 9. Sec. 1080. Same. The trustees of public money of each town shall, on or before December thirty-first, nineteen hundred and seven, collect and pay over the United States deposit money heretofore apportioned to it, to the state treasurer for the trus- tees of permanent school fund, except where such money was, on December fourteenth, nineteen hundred and six, loaned to the town to which it was apportioned; in which case, the trus- tees of public money may continue annually to loan such money to such town, with interest at five per cent per annum, until .such time as said trustees see fit to collect the same, when it shall immediately be turned over to the state treasurer for the trus- tees of permanent school fund. 1906, No. 54, § io. Sec. 1081. Same. The income from the United States deposit money, in those towns where such fund is loaned to the town to which it has been apportioned, shall annually, on or before the tenth day of June, so long as such loan remains un- collected, be paid over by the trustees of public money to the state treasurer for the trustees of permanent school fund for distribution with the other income from such permanent public school fund. 1906, No. 54, § ii. Sec. 1082. Failure to pay United States deposit money; forfeiture. If in any town the trustees of public money fail to collect and pay to the state treasurer for the trustees of permanent schbol fund such town's share of the United States deposit money as is not already loaned to the town to which it has been apportioned within the time limited therefor, or if, in any town where its share of United States deposit money is already loaned to it, the trustees of public money fail to pay, Chap. 52.] AUDIT OF PUBLIC SCHOOL FUND. within the time limited therefor, annually, the five per cent in- come derived therefrom, then, in either such event, the income from the permanent public school fund and the state school tax which would otherwise thereafter be payable to such town shall be forfeited to the state and added to the principal of the per- manent public school fund ; and such forfeiture shall thereafter be made from year to year, until such town has paid to the state treasurer for the trustees of permanent school fund, all sums in arrears, with interest thereon at the rate of six per cent per annum. Sec. 1083. Accountable for United States deposit money. 1906, No. 54, § 12. The trustees of permanent school fund shall be accountable for such part of the United States deposit money as is held by them, when required by the state treasurer on requisition of the United States. Distribution of Permanent Public School Fund. Sec. 1084. Income, how distributed. The income only 1906, No. 54, § 13. from the permanent public school fund shall be covered into the state treasury, fifteen thousand dollars of which shall an- nually be divided among the towns, cities and unorganized towns and gores entitled thereto, in the same manner as the forty-five thousand dollar reserve fund is divided; and the re- maining portion of the income shall be divided by the state treasurer, among the towns, cities and unorganized towns and gores, according to the number of legal schools maintained the preceding year; and such division shall be made at the same time the moneys derived from the state school tax are divided. The income thus distributed shall be used solely for the support of public schools, and shall, in unorganized towns and gores, be divided equally between the several school districts which have maintained a legal school the preceding year, and in towns having a district incorporated by a special act of the general assembly, as is provided for the division in such towns of money received from the state school tax. Report. Sec. 1085. Trustees to make. The trustees of permanent 1906, No. 54, § 14. school fund shall present to the general assembly, on the first day of each biennial session, a report of their official acts, show- ing the amount and condition of such fund and the securities in which it is invested and the amount and distribution of its income. Audit of Permanent Public School Fund. Sec. 1086. Auditor of accounts and bank commissioner 1906, No. 54, § 15. to make. The auditor of accounts and bank commissioner shall annually audit the accounts of the trustees of permanent school fund and the accounts of the state treasurer in connection with such fund, examine the securities on hand and certify to the correctness of their transactions and the condition of the fund; 290 STATE SCHOOL TAX. [Title 11. v. s. § 754. 1888, No. 9, § 223. R. L. § 652. 1878, No. 110, § 1. G. S. 22, § 78. R. S. 18, § 27. 1827, No. 23, § 3. 38 Vt. 193. V. S. § 755. 1888, No. 9, § 224. R. L. § 653. 1878, No. 110, § 1. G. S. 22, § 78. R. S. 18, § 27. V. S. § 756. 1888, No. 9, § 223. R. L. § 654. 1878, No. 110, § 2. V. S. § 757. 1888, No. 9, § 226. R. L. § 655. G. S. 22, § 79. R. S. 18, § 28. and such certificate shall be included in the report of the state treasurer. Town School Fund. Sec. 1087. Duties of selectmen. The selectmen of a town shall have charge of the real and personal estate appropriated to the use of schools therein, unless otherwise provided by law, or unless the person giving a part thereof directs the same to be managed in some other way, and annually render an account to the town; and the selectmen shall lease such lands and loan such moneys on annual or semi-annual interest, upon sufficient real estate or personal security, in the state. Sec. 1088. Same. The securities for the payment of the moneys so loaned and the interest thereon shall be taken in the name of the town; and the selectmen may, in the name of the town, prosecute and defend actions for the recovery or protec- tion of the estate so intrusted to their care. If the title or pos- session of real estate mortgaged or deeded as security is recov- ered in such action, the selectmen may, in the name of the town, lease or sell and convey such real estate, and invest the moneys received therefrom as provided in the preceding section. Sec. 1089. Acknowledgments. A person authorized may take the acknowledgment of a deed provided for in the two preceding sections, or may sign such deed as witness, although he is an inhabitant and taxpayer of the town. Sec. 1090. Securities and moneys. The securities belong- ing to the town school fund shall be deposited in the office of the town treasurer, and moneys received on account of the same shall be paid into such treasury, and a separate account thereof shall be kept on the books of the treasurer. State School Tax. 1900, No. 30, § ] V. S. § 758. 1890, No. 6, § 1. 1896, No. 23, § 1. V. S. 1890, §§ 759, 764. No. 6, §§ 2, 4. 1896, No. 23, § 2. V. S. § 760. 1890, No. 6, § 3. Sec. 1091. Assessment. A tax of eight cents on the dol- lar shall be annually assessed upon the grand list for the support of public schools. Sec. 1092. Apportionment. The state treasurer shall ap- portion such tax to the several towns, unorganized towns and gores, according to their respective grand lists as shown by the list prepared annually by the secretary of state from the ab- stracts of the grand list of such towns, unorganized towns and gores, which are required to be returned to his office, and shall annually, on or before the last day of December, make out and transmit to each town treasurer and to the collector of taxes for unorganized towns and gores, a notice of the amount so ap- portioned and that the same must be paid into the state treas- ury on or before the tenth day of June following, and also issue and transmit at the same time, to said collector, a warrant for the collection of such tax. Sec. 1093. Payment. The town or city treasurer shall, upon receipt of such notice, transmit the same to the selectmen or mayor, who shall draw an order on the town or city treasurer Chap. 52.] DIVISION OF PUBLIC MONEY. 291 for the amount of such tax; and the treasurer shall pay the same into the state treasury out of any money belonging to the town or city. If the funds in the hands of such town or city treasurer are not sufficient to pay the tax, the selectmen or mayor shall borrow the necessary amount upon orders. The commis- sioner of taxes for unorganized towns and gores shall, upon receipt of such notice and warrant, assess a tax for the amount specified therein and cause the same to be collected in the manner prescribed by law and paid into the state treasury according to such notice and warrant. Sec. 1094. Town clerk to certify as to number of legal v. s. § 761.. schools. A town clerk shall annually, on or before the first day of June, furnish to the superintendent of education, on a blank to be furnished by said superintendent for that purpose, a certified statement of the number of legal schools maintained during the preceding year in his town ; and said superintendent shall forthwith transmit such statement to the state treasurer. A town shall not be entitled to its share of the tax assessed in the third preceding section, if its clerk fails to comply with the provisions of this section. Sec. 1095. Distribution. The state treasurer shall an-R. 1906, § 1006. nually, on or before the tenth day of July, divide the money in 1902', no.' 30*'8 § i*' the state treasury received on such tax, having first reserved the JgJ^ Vo 62 20, § 1. sum of forty-five thousand dollars, among the towns, unorgan-J||J' £*£• ^. § i- ized towns and gores in proportion to the number of legal schools maintained therein during the preceding year; and such sum shall, in unorganized towns and gores, be divided equally among the several school districts which have maintained a legal school during the preceding year, and in towns having districts incorporated by special act of the general assembly, as is pro- vided in the third following section. Sec. 1096. Board of distribution. A board consisting ofR. 1906, § 1007. the governor, superintendent of education and the state treas-1902,' No! 30,' § 2'. urer shall, in its discretion, distribute the sum reserved in the preceding section among the towns which expend at least fifty cents on the dollar of the grand list for school purposes, in order to equalize taxation and afford equal school privileges. Legal Schools. Sec. 1097. Definition. A legal school for the purposes of 1906, No. 53, § 4. this chapter shall be one which, during the preceding school v 8 °s.' f°763 2 ' § 3 " year, has been maintained for at least twenty-eight weeks, dur- 1S94 ' No ' 10, § 2- ing which time the average daily attendance of pupils has been not less than six, and which has been taught by a duly qualified teacher whose register has been kept and returned as required by law. Division of Public Money between Town and Incorporated District. Sec. 1098. How made. The selectmen of a town having 1900, No. 19, § 1. within its limits a school district or a part of a school district y 89 !.' f ^! 0, § T " 292 FORFEITURES. [Title 11. 1892, No. 20, § 1. 1890, No. 5, § 2. 1888, No. 9, §§ 141, 233, 235. 1886, No. 24. 1884, No. 29. R. L. §§ 661, 662. 1880, No. 94, §§ 5, 6, 1876, No. 51. 1874, No. 40, § 1. 1866, No. 9, § 1. 1864, No. 59. G. S. 22, § 83. I860, No. 5. 1858, No. 1, §§ 5, 6. R. S. 18, § 32. 1827, No. 23, § 9. R. 1797, pp. 493, 497, §§ 1, 7. 1795, p. 10, § 3. R. 1787, p. 136. 72 Vt. 451. R. 1906, § 1010. V. S. § 849. 1892, No. 20, § 6. 1888, No. 9, § 236. R. L. § 663. 1880, No. 94, § 7. 1874, No. 40, § 1. 1866, No. 9, § 1. G. S. 22, § 83. 1849, No. 15, § 2. R. S. IS, § 32. 1827, No. 23. § 9. R. 1797, p. 497, § 7. R. 1787, p. 130. R. 1906, § 1011. 1898, No. 20, § 8. V. S. § 850. 1890, No. 5, § 2. 1888, No. 9, § 237. V. S. § 852. 1888, No. 9, § 244. R. L. § 668. G. S. 22, § 85. 1847, No. 24, § 4. V. S. § 853. 1888, No. 9, § 240. incorporated by a special act of the general assembly shall an- nually, on or before the tenth day of September, divide the pub- lic school moneys in the treasury of such town between the town district and the incorporated school district in the following manner: the town's share of the state school tax distributed to such town shall be divided in proportion to the number of legal schools maintained in each district during the preceding year; all other school moneys in such treasury shall be divided so that the share of such incorporated district, or part of such a dis- trict, within such town, shall bear such proportion to the whole amount of school moneys, as the aggregate attendance in such incorporated district, or part thereof, of pupils residing within such town, bears to the attendance of the whole town; the share belonging to such incorporated district, or part thereof, within the town, shall be paid to its treasurer, and the balance shall be credited to the school fund by the treasurer of the town. In determining the aggregate attendance of the town and incor- porated district, the district in which a pupil resides shall be credited with his attendance. Sec. 1099. Selectmen to examine registers. Before mak- ing such division, the selectmen shall carefully examine the entries in each register and ascertain the aggregate attendance during the school year, and whether it appears from the cer- tificate of the clerk of the school board that the schools were kept by duly qualified teachers, and that said clerk has made the entries required by law ; and no public money shall be paid, unless the selectmen find, upon such examination, that the law has been fully complied with. Statements. Sec. 1100. By prudential committee. The prudential committee of an incorporated school district shall annually, on or before the second Tuesday of April, return to the town clerk, or, in case of a district in an unorganized town or gore, to the superintendent of education, an itemized statement under oath of the actual cash expenditures of the district for school purposes, during the preceding year; and no district shall be entitled to receive any portion of its school money, unless such returns are made. Sec. 1101. By selectmen. The selectmen shall annually, in the month of April, after they have made the division of the public money as provided in the third preceding section, lodge with the town clerk a written statement of the amount so divided. Forfeitures. Sec. 1102. By officers. A school director or a prudential committee who knowingly makes a false statement of the amount expended for schools, or a selectman who knowingly distributes public money to an incorporated school district not entitled thereto, shall forfeit to the town one hundred dollars, to be re- covered in an action on this statute. Chap. 53.] TEXT-BOOKS AND SUPPLIES. 293 Miscellaneous. Sec. 1103. Grand juries to investigate. Grand juries v. s. § 765. shall annually inquire whether towns in their counties have issi, No. 26, § 3. ' appropriated and expended the required sum for the support q\ §; J 2i §°g9. of schools as provided in this chapter ; and, in case of neglect, ^ 2 |- ^ ® 2 f 6 - § 18 they shall present their indictment thereof to the court. 1821 > p- 90 > § *■ Sec. 1104. Town superintendents to make inquiries. The v. s. § 766. town superintendent of schools shall ascertain whether the re-isss! No.' 9,' § 232. quirements of this chapter relating to the appropriation and expenditure of moneys from the town treasury for the support of schools are complied with; and, in case of a non-compliance, he shall bring the matter to the attention of the state's attorney or grand jury. CHAPTER 53. TEXT-BOOKS AND SUPPLIES. Sec. 1105. Towns to furnish. The board of school direc-R. 1906, § 1017. tors shall provide and furnish, at the expense of the town, all 1896,' No. "19, § 11. appliances, supplies and text-books used in the studies enum-^^^ 69 ^ § 1 erated in section one thousand and three, and may provide and* 1 ^- fj 61 ^> 2 ■ 9 furnish text-books used in the studies enumerated in section one thousand and sixteen, to be paid for by order of said board. Sec. 1106. Regulations. Said board shall make such rules r. 1906, § 1018. V Q 8 770 and regulations as it deems proper for the care and custody of 1594] no. 13, § 2. appliances, supplies and text-books purchased, and shall loan appliances and text-books free of charge to resident pupils, and may sell such text-books at cost to persons having the control of pupils. Sec. 1107. Damages to. When a pupil loses, destroys orR. 1906,^ § 1019. unnecessarily injures a book or appliance loaned to him, he, oris94] No! 13, § 3. the person having him under control, shall pay such loss or dam- age to the satisfaction of the board of school directors within a reasonable time after written notice from it; otherwise said board shall report such loss or damage to the selectmen of the town, or the proper officers of the incorporated school district, who shall include in the next town or district tax of said person the value of such book or appliance. For neglect to comply with the provisions of this section, the board of school directors shall be liable for such loss or damage in an action of general assumpsit in the name of such town or incorporated school district. Sec. 1108. Selection. The board of school directors andisos, No. 27, § 2. the town superintendent shall select the text-books to be used 1894' no' '13 § 5 in the public schools. % ■ J||| : g£ ? 9 ' Ch - 10 - R. £! § 609. ' 1S74, No. 33, § 1. G. S. 22, § 7. 1849, No. 14, § 5. 1833, No. 19, § 1. 1878, No. 122, §§ 1872, No. 14. 1862, No. 8. 1845, No. 37, § 5. 1827, No. 23, § 4. 1-4. 1866, No. 2. 1858, No. 1, § 11. Sec. 1109. Penalty. The superintendent of education, an v. s. § 778. examiner of teachers, a town superintendent, a teacher in a pub-i884[ No! 36, § 1. ' lie school, or any other person officially connected with the di- 294 TAKING LAND FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES. [Title 11. rection of such school, shall not, directly or indirectly, receive any gratuity or compensation for recommending or procuring the adoption of a school book, the purchase of school apparatus, furniture or other supplies to be used in a public school. A person who violates a provision of this section shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars nor less than twenty-five dollars. CHAPTER 54. V. S. § 812. 1888, No. 9, § 259 R. L. § 534. 1878, No. 112, 3. G. S. 22, §§ 115. 1860, No. 3, § 1. 1859, No. 33. 1857, No. 58, § 1. 33 Vt. 271. §§ 2 114 V. S. § 813. 1888, No. 9, § 260. R. L. § 535. 1878, No. 112, §§ 4, 5. 43 Vt. 362. V. S. § 814. 1888, No. 9, § 261. R. L. § 536. 1878, No. 112, § 6. G. S. 22, § 114. 1860, No. 3, § 1. 1857, No. 58, § 1. V. S. § 815. 1888, No. 9, § 262. R. L. § 537. G. S. 22, § 116. 1860, No. 3, § -3. 1857, No. 58, § 3. 1904, No. 46, § 1. V. S. § 816. 1888, No. 9, § 263. R. L. § 538. G. S. 22, § 117. 1860, No. 3, § 4. TAKING LAND FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES. Sec. 1110. Duties of selectmen. When the location of a school house is determined and lands for such school house and grounds are needed, or when a town or district votes to purchase additional lands for school purposes, if the owner refuses to convey the same to such town or district for a reasonable price, the selectmen of the town, or the selectmen of a town adjoining an unorganized town or gore in which such district is located, shall, on the application of the board of school directors or the prudential committee, set out the necessary lands and cause the same to be surveyed, and shall appoint a time and place for hearing and give notice thereof to the persons interested, either personally or by written notice left at the residence of the owner or occupant of such lands, and, at such hearing, shall as- certain the damages sustained by said interested persons ; and the damages agreed upon or assessed shall be paid or tendered to said persons before taking possession of the lands. Sec. 1111. Same. When the selectmen decide to take lands, they shall, in their order for that purpose, fix a time and notify the owner or occupant thereof, within which he shall re- move his buildings, fences, timber, wood or trees, which, in the case of enclosed or improved lands, shall not, without the con- sent of the owner, be less than three months, nor until compen- sation for damages to such land is tendered or paid; and, if they are not removed within such time, the selectmen shall re- move them at the expense of the town or district. Sec. 1112. Orders, proceedings and survey to be recorded. Orders and proceedings of the selectmen, under the provisions of the two preceding sections, with the survey of the land taken, shall be recorded in the office of the clerk of the town in which the land lies, or, if in an unorganized town or gore, in the county clerk's office. Sec. 1113. Reference of question of damages. If the owner of such land does not accept the damages awarded by the selectmen, the school directors or prudential committee of such town or district may agree with him to refer the question of damages to one or more disinterested persons, whose award shall be made in writing and shall be final. Sec. 1114. Petition to county court ; appointment of com- missioners. If a person interested in such land is dissatisfied with the action of the selectmen in locating and setting it out or with the damages awarded by them, he may apply by petition to Chap. 55.] SCHOOL DISTRICTS. 295 the county court at its next stated term, if there is sufficient time 1857, No. 58, § 4. for notice, and if not, to the succeeding term ; and any number of persons aggrieved may join in the petition. The petition, with a citation, shall be served on the clerk of the town or school district, at least twelve days before the session of the court ; and the court shall appoint three disinterested commissioners, who shall inquire into the necessity for locating and setting out such land and as to the amount of damages sustained by the persons interested therein. Sec. 1115. Hearing. The commissioners shall give sixipo4, No. 46, § i. days' notice to such clerk and to the petitioners of the time andisss, No. 9,' § 264. place of hearing; and, when they have completed their inquiries, §; \ §§ 22, 39 §§ 54 ii8, they shall report to the court ; and, upon hearing, the court may 18 ^f' No . 3, §§ 5, 6. accept or reject the report, in whole or in part, may make such 18 5". No. 58, §§ 5, orders as are necessary for locating and setting out such land and for the removal of obstructions thereon, may render judg- ment for the petitioners for such damages as they have severally sustained, may tax costs for either party and may award execu- tion in the premises. Sec. 1116. Notice to mortgagee or assignee. If lands so v. s. § sis. required by a town or district are encumbered by mortgage, such r. l ! I mi. town or district shall cause the same notice to be given to the xwi, |? \l 20 ' mortgagee or assignee of the mortgage as is required to be given to the owner; and the damages agreed upon, or otherwise deter- mined, as specified in this chapter, shall be paid to the mort- gagee or assignee; but if the sum due on the mortgage is less than the damages awarded, the amount due on the mortgage shall be paid to the holder and the balance to the owner. Sec. 1117. Title, when to vest. When the damages v. s. § 819. finally awarded for lands so taken by a town or district are paid r. l! § 542'. to the person entitled thereto, title to such lands shall vest in the fsei', No. § io 20 ' town or district for the purposes aforesaid. PART II. SPECIAL PROVISIONS. Chapter 55. — School districts in unorganized towns and gores. Chapter 56. — Incorporated school districts. Chapter 57. — School taxes, lands and buildings. Chapter 58. — Fire drills. Chapter 59. — Testing the sight and hearing of pupils. CHAPTER 55. SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN UNORGANIZED TOWNS AND GORES. Sections 1118-1121. — Organization. Sections 1122-1126.— Officers. 296 OFFICERS. [Title 11, Sections 1127,1128. — Application of laws. Section 1129. — Records. Sections 1130, 1131. — Vacancies. Sections 1132-1136.— Meetings. Section 1137. — Public money. Section 1138. — Commissioner of taxes. R. 1906, § 1030. V. S. § 779. 1892, No. 20, § 1. 1888, No. 9, § 70. R. L. § 504. G. S. 22, § 23. 1845, No. 35. V. S. § 780. 1888, No. 9, § G9. R. L. § 503. G. S. 22, §§ 22, 24. R. S. 18, §§ 4, 5. 1827, No. 23, §§ 7, 8. 1813, p. 154. R. 1797, p. 494, § 2. R. 1787. p. 136. 11 Vt. 607. V. S. § 781. 1888, No. 9, § 70. V. S. § 782. 1888, No. 9, § 71. R. L. § 507. G. S. 22, §§ 29, 31. R. S. 18, §§ 7, 8. 1827, No. 23, § 18. 62 Vt. 176. Organization. Sec. 1118. Duties of selectmen. The selectmen of a town, on application of three voters in an adjoining unorganized town or gore, may divide such unorganized town or gore into as many school districts as may be needed and name the same, and shall organize them in the manner provided in the following section. Sec. 1119. Meetings. Said selectmen shall call a meeting in each district by posting a notice thereof, specifying the time, place and business of the meeting, in two public places in such district, at least seven days before the time therein specified. One of the selectmen shall preside at the meeting, until a mod- erator and clerk are chosen, when the district shall be held to be organized. Sec. 1120. Record of proceedings; compensation of se- lectmen. The selectmen acting under the preceding section shall cause their doings to be recorded in the office of the clerk of the county in which such unorganized town or gore is sit- uated, and shall receive reasonable compensation from the petitioners. Sec. 1121. District to be a body corporate. A school dis- trict, legally organized, shall be a body politic and corporate, with the powers of a corporation for maintaining schools in such district, and, by its corporate name, may sue and be sued, and may take, hold and convey real and personal estate. V. S. § 783. 1888, No. 9, § 73. R. L. § 508. 1872, No. 12. G. S. 22, §§ 32, 73. 1861, No. 11. 1854, No. 42. R. S. 18, § 9. 1830, No. 23. 1827, No. 23, § 7. 1809, p. 96, § 1. R. 1797, p. 494, § 2. R. 1787, p. 136. 11 Vt. 618. 20 Vt. 487. 20 Vt. 495. 23 Vt. 416. 32 Vt. 769. V. S. § 784. ■ 1888, No. 9, § 74. R. L. § 509. 1876, No. 47, § 1. 1868, No. 33, §§2, 3 57 Vt. 31. 63 Vt. 647. 64 Vt. 527. V. S. § 785. 1888, No. 9, § 75. Officers. Sec. 1122. Election; term of office. A school district shall, at its organization, and at each annual meeting there- after, elect from among the legal voters of such district a mod- erator, clerk, collector, treasurer, one or three auditors and a prudential committee of one person, unless the district shall vote to have a prudential committee of three as provided in the fol- lowing section. Their term of office shall commence at the time of their election and continue until their successors are chosen ; but if the prudential committee is absent more than three months from the district, his office shall be deemed vacant. Sec. 1123. Prudential committee. A school district may elect a prudential committee of three persons, one of whom shall be chosen for one year, one for two years and one for three years ; and, until otherwise voted, such district shall, upon the expiration of the term of a member of such committee, elect a successor for three years, and may fill a vacancy. Sec. 1124. Same. If such a committee is elected at the organization of the district, and such organization is not at the Chap. 55.] VACANCIES. . 297 time fixed for an annual school meeting, the time between the organization and the next annual meeting shall be considered the first year of such terms. Sec. 1125. Discontinuance of prudential committee, v. s. § 786. When the district has voted to discontinue such committee, it ' °* •' * shall not elect successors to the members as their terms expire ; and the remaining members or member of such committee shall be the prudential committee of such district, until the end of the term which is last to expire. Sec. 1126. Moderator. The moderator shall preside at v. s. § 788. school district meetings ; and, in his absence, a moderator pro R ; L '. § 513. tempore shall be chosen to preside at such meetings. ^ 87 f * I2 ' ^ii 1852. No. 38, § 1. R. S. 18, § 9. 1827, No. 23, § 7. Application of Laws. Sec. 1127. What laws to apply. The provisions of lawi906, No. 6_o. § 1. relating to the administration and maintenance of public schools, r. i6o6°'§ °i039. school meetings and voters therein, to raising and expending school moneys, to sharing in state aid for public school purposes, to the election and appointment of school officers, to elementary and higher instruction,' to transportation, board and attendance of pupils, to truancy, to the furnishing of text-books and appli- ances and to other matters pertaining to schools in a town, shall, unless otherwise provided, pertain to schools maintained and all matters pertaining thereto in school districts in unorganized towns and gores. Sec. 1128. Powers, duties and liabilities of officers. TheR. 1906, § 1040. powers, duties and liabilities of the collector, treasurer, auditors, '845. prudential committee and clerk of a district shall be like those 18 go2. N °' 162 ' * of a town collector, treasurer, auditors, board of school directors 18 |^ No - 9 > §§ 81 > and clerk of same, and said clerk shall also perform the duties 1884, No. 34. of a town clerk relative to schools. The district collector or '514, G36. treasurer shall, before entering upon his duties, if required by ai87o', No! is! vote of the district or the prudential committee, give a bond 18 ! 7 ' No ' 18 ' §§ to the district conditioned for the faithful performance of his G ' 5 f' "' §§ 32 ' 49 ' duties, in such sum as may be required; and,, if a collector or 1854, No. 42, § 1 treasurer neglects for ten days to give a bond as required, his 1827! No. 23, § iij office shall be vacant, r. 1787, p. 137. 16 vt. 439. 58 vt. 261. r. 1797, p. 495, § 3. Records. Sec. 1129. Clerk to keep. The clerk shall keep a record v. s. § 789. of the votes and proceedings of school district meetings and given, l! §*°5i7'. § <9 ' certified copies thereof when required; for a wilful neglect of if™; ^a 39! such duty, he shall forfeit twenty dollars to the district, to be^g-|- |?j § 3 | 7 § x recovered in an action on this statute. R. &> 18,'§ 10. 1827, No. 23, § 7. Vacancies. Sec. 1130. How filled. When a vacancy occurs in the of- v. s. § 798. fice of collector, treasurer or clerk of a school district, or in the r. l! § °5i8. 298 PUBLIC MONEY. [Title 11. g 86 !' 22°' § 3 35 office of P rudential committee where the committee consists of 1848, no. 37. ' one person, the district shall fill the vacancy at a special meeting. 26 Vt. 503. 52 Vt. 110. 1884' No 79 25 §1 ^ SeC- 1131, Surren der of books and papers. When a school district office becomes vacant by expiration of the term of office of the incumbent, or otherwise, and a successor is elected or appointed, said successor shall, on demand, be en- titled to receive the books and papers of such office from the last incumbent or anyone having the same in his possession. A person having such books or papers in his possession, who refuses for ten days, after demand, to surrender the same to said suc- cessor, shall be fined ten dollars. Meetings. v. s. § 8oo. Sec. 1132. When held. Annual school meetings of a dis- 1888; No! 9^ § 89! trict shall be held on the last Tuesday of March, and special R. L. § 519. G. S. 22, §§ 1861, No. 11. flip ^istript 1858, No. 2. g! s'. 22, §§' 41 42 meetings shall be warned on the application of three voters of 1861, No. 11. 1858, No. 2. 1850, No. 40. R. S. 18, § 12. R. 1797, p. 495, § 3. 20 Vt. 487. 23 Vt. 416. 1827, No. 23, § 7. 1795, p. 10, § 2. 1888 No 8 °i3i i ^ EC * 1133. Warnings. Warnings for school meetings 64 vt. 544. ' shall be recorded before being posted. y-s. § 802 Sec. 1134. Same. School meetings shall be warned by the 1888, No. 9, § 90. . ° J R. l. § 521. clerk, by posting a notice thereof, specifying the time, place and i85i", No. 28. ' business of the meeting, in two public places in such district, at ?827 - , no. 23, 2 '§ 7 l east seven days before the time therein specified. R. 1797, p. 499, §' 2. R. 1787, p. 136. 14 Vt. 300. 22 Vt. 309. 48 Vt. 599. 67 Vt. 150. 16 Vt. 439. 23 Vt. 416. 64 Vt. 527. 67 Vt. 566. 17 Vt. 337. 43 Vt. 207. issf' no 803 ' SeC ' 1135 - Eligibility of voters. The moderator at a 92.' ' ' ' school meeting, the clerk and the members of the prudential i88oi No. 103. ' committee shall decide all questions as to the elegibility of a 1868,' No' 39 person to vote in a school meeting. G. S.' 22," § 29. R. S. 18, § 7. 1827, No. 23, § 7. 35 Vt. 632. 55 Vt. 43. 55 Vt. 62. v. s. §805. Sec. 1136. Neglect to warn ; forfeiture. If a person whose R. l! § 520. ' duty it is to warn a school district meeting neglects to do so for G S 2^ § "^S R. s! is,' I 26! ten days after application made as provided by law, he shall 46°vt. P 90 96 ' § 2 ' forfeit to such district twenty dollars for each ten days' neglect, to be recovered in an action on this statute. Public Money. v. s. § 83i. Sec. 1137. District entitled to, when. If the pupils of a 1892| no.' 20,' § 6. district are provided with twenty-eight weeks ' instruction during r. l! § °565'. 107 ' a school year, whether such instruction is provided in the school life,' No! 45,' I i! district, or in other schools at the expense of the district, such district shall be entitled to its share of the public money as though a school had been maintained in such district and the attendance had been in such school. Chap. 56.] INCORPORATED SCHOOL DISTRICTS. 299 Commissioner of Taxes. Sec. 1138. Duties. When a child cannot conveniently bei906, xo. 59, §§ 1, accommodated with school privileges in an unorganized town or gore, the commissioner of taxes for such unorganized town or gore may assess a tax upon the taxable property therein, not exceeding fifty per cent, for payment of tuition, transportation or board of such child, and may draw an order on the county treasurer for the payment of the expenses incurred in the school- ing of such child at a school within or without such unorganized town or gore, provided such expense does not exceed one and one-half dollars per week. Said commissioner shall perform all the duties and have all the authority vested in school directors and truant officers of organized towns. CHAPTER 56. INCORPORATED SCHOOL DISTRICTS. Section 1139. — Application of laws. Section 1140. — Clerk. Section 1141. — Collector. Sections 1142, 1143. — Change of boundaries. Sections 1144-1146. — Merger of town and incorporated school districts. Application of Laws. Sec. 1139. What laws to apply. The provisions of law 1906, No. 60. r 1. relating to the administration and maintenance of public schools, v. 1 s° 6 §§ § 729?' 791, school meetings and voting therein, to raising and expending f^f; 836 ' 837, school moneys, to sharing in state aid for public schools, to the 18 ^ b No. 102, §§ election and appointment of school officers, to elementary andi892, No. 21, § 14. higher instruction, to transportation, board and attendance of pupils, to truancy, to the furnishing of text-books and appli- ances and to other matters pertaining to schools in a town, shall, unless otherwise provided, pertain to schools maintained, and all matters pertaining thereto, in incorporated school districts ; and the provisions of law relating to the powers, duties and liabilities of school officers in unorganized towns and gores shall apply to such officers in incorporated districts, except that the clerk of such district shall not be considered a town clerk for school purposes. Clerk. Sec. 1140. Record of appointment. The district clerk v. s. § 790. shall, within ten days after his election or appointment, give r 88 l! f 517* § 8 notice thereof to the town clerk; and, if he fails so to do, he shall receive no compensation for making returns to the town clerk's office. Collector. Sec. 1141. Town collector may be. A school district may v. s. § 787. elect the collector of town taxes, although not an inhabitant of r. l! §°5io'. 300 MERGER OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS. [Title 11. ?86i" No § r> 3 ' the district ' to be coll ector of such district, if he will accept the office in writing, and such acceptance shall be recorded by the district clerk. Change of Boundaries. v. s. § 807. Sec. 1142. Warning meeting to vote on. If it appears to the trustees or the prudential committee of an incorporated school district that the boundaries of such district should be changed by including new territory within the town in which such district is located, or by excluding territory that is in the district, they may insert an article, fully describing the pro- posed change, in the warning for a regular or special meeting of such incorporated district. v. s. § 807. _ Sec. 1143. Duties of trustees or prudential committee; town to vote. If a majority of the voters at such meeting vote to make the proposed change in the boundaries of the incor- porated district, said trustees or prudential committee shall notify the selectmen of the town in which such district is located of the change so voted to be made; whereupon said selectmen shall duly warn a meeting of the town, exclusive of such incor- porated district, setting forth in the warning the vote of such incorporated district and the proposed change in its boundaries ; and, if a majority of the voters at such town meeting vote to make the change, as voted by the incorporated district, such vote, together with all the proceedings regarding such change of boundaries, of both the town and incorporated district, shall be recorded in the town clerk's office, whereupon such change of boundaries shall be established. Merger of Town and Incorporated School Districts. 1906, No. 58, § i. Sec. 1144. Incorporated districts to vote on; surrender, 1894! No. 3i. when to take effect. An incorporated school district may, by a majority vote of the legal voters present and voting at any meeting legally warned, surrender its charter as a corporation for the maintenance of public schools, or such part of its charter as pertains to the maintenance of public schools. Such sur- render shall take effect not later than April first or September first following the vote so taken, and such school corporation shall cease to exist, and it shall become thereby a part of the town school district and subject to the laws governing the main- tenance and administration of public schools. 1906. No. 58, § 2. Sec. 1145. Town district to vote on; merger, when to take effect. A town district may, by a majority vote of the legal voters present and voting at any meeting legally warned, become a part of an incorporated district, provided the incor- porated district, at a meeting legally warned, votes to accept such merger. Such merger shall take effect April first or Sep- tember first following the vote so taken. When such a merger has occurred, the incorporated district shall be considered a town in all respects pertaining to the maintenance and admin- istration of its public schools. 1906, No. 58, § 3. Sec. 1146. Settlement of business affairs. In case of a Chap. 57.] SCHOOL TAXES. union of an incorporated district and a town district under either of the two preceding sections, each district shall settle its own business affairs and pay all its indebtedness, except for repairs and new buildings, shall deposit its records with the town clerk, and shall no longer exist except for the settlement of its own pecuniary affairs. CHAPTER 57. SCHOOL TAXES, LANDS AND BUILDINGS. Sections 1147-1155.— Taxes. Sections 1156-1159. — Lands and buildings. Taxes. Sec. 1147. Grand list. The grand list of a school district v. s. §838. shall be made up of the ratable polls and real and personal estate R 888 '. § 63o. § 200 ' therpin 186 4, No. 61. inerein. G g ; 22> §§ 4 _ 47> 50 R. S. 18, §§ 15, 16, 1824, p. 10, § 2. R. 1787, p. 137. 37 Vt. 196. 185o! No. 44. 18. . R. 1797, pp. 495, 31 Vt. 337. 43 Vt. 123. 1849, No. 16. 1833, No. 19, § 2. 496, §§ 3, 4. 32 Vt. 769. 56 Vt. 562. 1827, No. 23, § 11. 1795, p. 9. Sec. 1148. District may raise tax. A school district may v. s. § 839. by vote raise a tax upon its grand list for the support of schools j6 8 vt. N 562 9 ' § 201 * therein, and all expenses incurred by a district for the support 59 vt 313 - of schools in excess of the public money received shall be so defrayed. Sec. 1149. Prudential committee to assess tax; collec-v. s. §§ 840, 845. tion. The prudential committee shall assess a tax for the 18 |o 7 No- 9 ' §§ 202 ' amount voted to be raised and make out a rate bill of the same. q\ §; li^iT^i A justice of the county in which such district is situated shall, ?a £• *?' Ifo 1 ^, 1 ?; . ' 1-O.il, ISO. Z6, %% 11, on application, make out a warrant directed to the district col- 12 - lector, authorizing and requiring him to levy and collect suchR* 1787, p. 137. tax within the time limited in such warrant and pay the same 23 vt'. 4ie! to the district treasurer. Said committee shall have the same I! vt! 769! authority to enforce collection and payment of such tax as 34 y£ 94 , 6 selectmen have in enforcing collection and payment of town |° vt. 3L taxes. 59 Vt.' 313! Sec. 1150. Duties of collector; forfeiture. A district col- v. s. § 846. lector shall, on the written request of one of the prudential com- ifff ; ^; %* 208 ' mittee, pay to the district treasurer moneys belonging to the ^4- f^ 3 ^ ,* 9 district collected by him to that time, and submit his tax-book 3 - ' and list to said treasurer for inspection and computation; and, if a collector neglects so to do for ten days after receiving such request, he shall forfeit to the district one hundred dollars, to be recovered in an action on this statute, and his office shall be vacant. Sec. 1151. Deductions. A district may, at the time of v. s. § 84i. voting a tax, direct the collector to deduct a per cent fixed by R 88 £; § °632. § 2 ° 3 " the vote, from the tax of a person paying before the day fixed. 1874, Na 14- Sec. 1152. Notice of time of payment. The collector of a v. s. § 842. tax from which a deduction may be made as provided in the r 888 ; f 632'. § 2 ° 4 * preceding section shall appoint a day within the time limited, at 302 LANDS AND BUILDINGS. [Title 11. V. S. § 843. 1888, No. 9, § 205. R. L. § 633. G. S. 22, § 46. 1844, No. 6. V. S. § 844. 1890, No. 5, § 2. 1888, No. 9, § 206. R. L. § 635. 1878, No. 123. a place within the district, when and where he will receive such tax, and shall post a notice thereof in three public places in the district and publish the same in each newspaper printed in such district, at least ten days before the time appointed, and shall attend at the time and place appointed to receive payment of such tax. Sec. 1153. Omission of names from tax-bill; abatement. A district may, by a two-thirds vote, direct the prudential com- mittee to omit, in making up the tax-bill, the names of such per- sons as are unable to pay their proportion of the tax ; and a dis- trict may, by two-thirds vote, remit or make abatement of a tax to an amount not exceeding five per cent of such tax. Sec. 1154. Board of abatement ; meetings. The officers of a school district, except the collector, shall be a board for the abatement of district taxes ; and said board shall have the same power which the board for the abatement of town taxes has in the abatement of town taxes. A majority of said board shall constitute a quorum. The prudential committee, on request of the collector, shall call a meeting of said board in the month of March in each year, previous to the annual school meeting, by posting a notice thereof in three public places in such district at least five days before such meeting. Sec. 1155. Execution against district, payment of. When a demand is made upon a school district for the payment of an execution issued against it and the district has no available funds to pay the same, the prudential committee shall forthwith assess and have collected a tax sufficient to pay such execution and the charges and twelve per cent interest, in the same manner as a tax voted by the district is assessed and collected. Lands and Buildings. v. s. 808. _ Sec. 1156. Tax for. A school district may raise a tax on r. l! § °525. ~ ' its grand list to purchase or hire lands or buildings for school g 87 s.' 22?' ^43. purposes, and to build, repair or furnish school houses as may ?827 - , No. § 23 3 § io De nee ded f or such district. R. 179*7, p. 495, § 3. 1795, p. 9. R. 1787, p. 137. 61 Vt. 96. V. S. § 847. 1888, No. 9, § 209. R. L. § 679. G. S. 85, § 14. R. S. 78, § 11. R. 1797, p. 301, § 5. R. 1787, p. 31. V. s. § 809. 1888, No. 9, § R. L. § 543. G. S. 22, § 44, R. S, 18, § 14. 1827, No. 23, V. S. § 810. 1888, No. 9, § R. L. § 526. G. S. 22, § 44. V. S. § 811. 1888, No. 9, § R. L. § 526. G. S. 22, § 44. R. S. 18, § 14. 1827, No. 23, 14. 246 § 10 248 M<>. Sec. 1157. Special committee. A district may elect a special committee to purchase or hire lands or buildings for school purposes, to superintend the building or repairing of school houses, or to procure necessary furnishings therefor. Sec. 1158. Location of school houses. A district provid- ing for a school house may, at the same time, determine its location. R. S. 18, § 14. 1827, No. 23, §§ 10, 14. Sec. 1159. Same. If a district fails to determine such lo- cation, the selectmen of the town, or the selectmen of a town adjoining an unorganized town or gore, in which such district is 10 - located, may, upon application of the board of school directors or prudential committee, determine such location. Chap. 59.] SIGHT AND HEARING OF PUPILS. 303 CHAPTER' 58. FIRE DRILLS. Sec. 1160. Pupils to be drilled, when. The principal onao4, No. 47, §§ 1, person in charge of a public or private school or educational institution, other than a university or college, having more than fifty pupils, shall drill such pupils so that they may be able to leave the school building in the shortest possible time and with- out panic or confusion. Such drills shall be held once in each month, when such school or educational institution is in session. Sec. 1161. Penalty for neglect to hold. A principal ori904, No. 47, § 2. person in charge of such a school or institution who wilfully neglects to comply with the provisions of the preceding section shall be fined not more than twenty dollars nor less than five dollars. Sec. 1162. This chapter to be published. A board of 1904, No. 47, § 3. school directors, trustees or other body or person having control of a school shall cause a copy of this chapter to be printed in the manual or hand-book prepared for the guidance of teachers, where such manual is in use or may hereafter come in use. CHAPTER 59. TESTING THE SIGHT AND HEARING OF PUPILS. Sec. 1163. Equipment. The state board of health and the 1904, No. 45, § 1. superintendent of education shall prepare suitable test cards, blanks, record books and other needed apparatus to be used in testing the sight and hearing of pupils in public schools, and the necessary instruction for their use ; and said superintendent shall furnish the same free of charge to every public school. Sec. 1164. Tests. The town superintendent, principal or 1904, No. 45, § 1. teacher of a public school shall annually, in the month of Sep- tember, test the sight and hearing of every pupil in such school, and keep a record of such examination according to the instruc- tions furnished, and shall notify in writing the parent or guard- ian of a pupil who is found to have a defect of vision or hearing or a disease of the eyes or ears, with a brief statement of such defect or disease, and shall also report such examination to the superintendent of education. Sec. 1165. Appropriation. The auditor of accounts shall 1904, No. 45, § 2. draw an order for such sums and at such times as the superin- tendent of education, with the approval of the state board of health, may require to carry out the provisions of this chapter; but the total amount so drawn shall not exceed six hundred dol- lars in any biennial term ending June thirtieth. 304 INSTRUCTION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB. [Title 11. PART III. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. Chapter 60. — Instruction of the deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, feeble-minded and epileptic children. Chapter 61. — University of Vermont and State Agricultural College and Middlebury College. Chapter 62. — Norwich University. 1906, No. 55, § 1. V. S. § 854. R. L. § 680. 1872, No. 19. G. S. 23, § 1. 1842, No. 16, § 1. R. S. 19, § 1. V. S. § 855. R. L. § 681. 1872, No. 19. § 7. G. S. 23, §§ 8, 9. 1845, No. 15. § 2. 1842, No. 16, §§ 3 4. R. S. 19, §§ 7, 8. 1906, No. 55, § 2. 1904, No. 51, § 1. 1898, No. 30, § 1. V. S. § 856. R. L. § 682. 1874, No. 61. 1872, No. 19, § 1. 1869, No. 12. G. S. 23, § 2. 1861, No. 34. 1898, No. 29, § 1. V. S. § 857. 1892, No. 27, § 1. R. L. § 683. 1872, No. 19, § 2. 1868, No. 40. G. S. 23, § 3. R. S. 19, § 3. 1833, No. 21, § 2. 1825, No. 31, § 2. CHAPTER 60. INSTRUCTION OF THE DEAF, DUMB, BLIND, IDIOTIC, FEEBLE-MINDED AND EPILEP- TIC CHILDREN. Sec. 1166. Governor to be commissioner. The governor shall be, by virtue of his office, commissioner of the deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, feeble-minded or epileptic children of indigent parents, and, as such commissioner, shall constitute the board for their instruction. is33, No. 21, § 2. 1825, No. 31, § 2. Sec. 1167. Governor to make report; compensation. The governor shall biennially report to the general assembly his doings under this chapter, with an account of the expenditures, and shall receive fifty dollars annually for his services as such commissioner. 1826, No. 52. 1825, No. 31, § 2. Sec. 1168. Appropriation. A sum not exceeding twenty thousand dollars is annually appropriated for the benefit of the deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, feeble-minded or epileptic children of indigent parents to be used agreeably to the provisions of this chapter. r. s. 19, § 2. 1833, No. 21, § 1. 1830, No. 27. 1825, No. 31, § 1. 1906, No. 55, § 3. V. S. § 858. R. L. § 684. 1872, No. 19, § 3. G. S. 23, § 4. 1841, No. 22, § 2. R. S. 19, § 4. 1833, No. 21, § 3. 1825, No. 31, § 3. Sec. 1169. Institutions for instruction. The beneficiaries specified in this chapter shall be instructed in the following insti- tutions: the deaf and dumb at the American Asylum for the education of the deaf and dumb at Hartford, Connecticut, the Clark School for the Deaf at Northampton, Massachusetts, or the Mystic Oral School at Mystic, Connecticut; the blind at the New England Institute for the Instruction of the Blind at Boston, Massachusetts; and the idiotic or feeble-minded children at the Massachusetts School for the Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Youth at Boston, or at such other institutions of like nature as the governor shall select. Sec. 1170. Board of civil authority to furnish information. The board of civil authority in a town shall ascertain and certify to the county clerk, on or before the first day of February, an- nually, the number of deaf and dumb persons and the number of blind and epileptic persons in such town, their ages, condi- tions and circumstances, and the ability of their parents to edu- cate them, the names of all idiotic or feeble-minded children be- Chap. 60.] INSTRUCTION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB. 305 tween the ages of five and fourteen years residing in such town and the pecuniary ability and circumstances of their parents qr the persons bound to support them, and whether, in the opinion of said board, the persons named are proper subjects for the charity of the state, and whether they and their parents or guardians are willing that they should become beneficiaries of any of the institutions provided for the instruction of such persons. Sec. 1171. County clerks to make returns. A county v. s. § 859. clerk shall annually, before the first day of March, make return 1872', no. 16, § 4. to the governor of the information he receives from the several ^g 4 f * ff^ § 2 f,' § 2. boards of civil authority in his county. 1825, No. 31, § 3. R g 3 |- ^ § 2 ^- „ 3 Sec. 1172. Duties of commissioner. The governor mayi906, No. 55, § 4. designate beneficiaries, may direct the auditor of accounts to R ; L ; | 686! draw orders for any part of the appropriation provided for in q 87 |; 23°- § 19 3. § °* this chapter, may superintend and direct all concerns relating i||2, No. 16, § 1. to the education of the deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, feeble-minded R-S.' 19, § ?. or epileptic children, inhabitants of the state, and may allow all is25! No! si, § 2! or any portion of the expense of their conveyance to and support in the institutions in which they are instructed, for such time as he deems proper ; and he may, in his discretion, take bonds to indemnify the state against expenses which accrue in conse- quence of the sickness, clothing or transportation of a bene- ficiary. Sec. 1173. Selectmen to give bond. The selectmen of theiooe, xo. 55, § 5. several towns may execute in their official capacity in behalf of R ; £". § 687! their respective towns, without a previous vote, the bond which 1880, No - 124 - may be required to be given by the town to indemnify the state against expenses which may accrue in consequence of the sick- ness, clothing or transportation of the deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, feeble-minded or epileptic beneficiaries from such town. Sec. 1174. Towns to defray expense of conveyance, v. s. § 862. When a person is designated a beneficiary, the town in which ^72 n 68 19, § 6. he resides shall defray the expenses of his conveyance to and ^ 85 |- |^ § 3 7 - from the institution in which he is to be instructed, if, in the opinion of the selectmen, his parent or guardian is not able to pay the same. Sec. 1175. Instruction within the state. The governor 1906, No. 56, § 1. may designate one or more blind or deaf and dumb beneficiaries, Jssf, ho. 6 sb, § 1. under the provisions of this chapter, who may receive his edu- • cation within this state, when, in the judgment of the governor, adequate advantages exist for proper instruction and the public good will be subserved thereby, notwithstanding such beneficiary is over fourteen years of age. Sec. 1176. Same. The governor shall allow from the gen-1906, No. 56, § 2. eral appropriation for the benefit of such person a sum equal to 7ss4, No 86 39, § 2 the amount paid for a single beneficiary at any of the insti- tutions for the education of such beneficiaries mentioned in the seventh preceding section ; and, upon receiving a certificate from the selectmen of the town in which such person resides that a proper course of study has been pursued, he may direct the 20 2. 306 SCHOLARSHIPS. [Title 11. auditor of accounts to draw orders in quarterly installments in favor of. the person whom he shall designate for the payment of such sum. 1906, No. 57, §§ l, Sec. 1177. Appropriation for instruction after return from institutions. Twenty-five hundred dollars is hereby ap- propriated for the benefit of the beneficiaries named in this chapter, to be expended by the governor in his discretion, for the care, education and training of such beneficiaries after they have been discharged from the institutions in which they have been kept as subjects of state charity. The governor may make contracts with any person, association or corporation for carry- ing out the provisions of this section, and may direct the auditor of accounts to draw orders for any part of the appropriation herein provided. CHAPTER 61. UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT AND STATE AGRICUL- TURAL COLLEGE, AND MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE. Sections 1178-1180. — Appropriations. Sections 1181-1184. — Scholarships. Appropriations. r. 1906, § loss. Sec. 1178. Amounts. The auditor of accounts shall draw 1892, No 86 25, 8 §§' i, orders in favor of the respective treasurers of the institutions 18 |- 6 No 73 § 7 named and for the amounts stated in this section: University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, six thousand dol- lars; Middlebury College, twenty-four hundred dollars. One- half of each appropriation shall be payable on the first day of July and the other half on the first day of January, annually, v. s. § 867. Sec. 1179. University of Vermont and State Agricultural 1892, No. 25, § i. c ii e g e> Three thousand and six hundred dollars of the amount appropriated in favor of the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College shall be annually expended by such institution in providing instruction in branches relating to the industrial arts; and twenty-four hundred dollars, annually, in paying the tuition and incidental college charges of thirty stu- dents appointed in the manner provided in this chapter. v. s. § 868. Sec. 1180. Middlebury College. The appropriation in 1892, No. 25, § 2. £ avor f Middlebury College shall be annually expended by such institution in paying the tuition and incidental college charges' of thirty . students appointed in the manner provided in this chapter. Scholarships. 1898, No. 3i, §§ 2, Sec. 1181. Senators to make appointments. Each sena- v ; 3 's. §§ 870, 87i, tor in the general assembly shall, in each odd year, designate and 18927 No. 25, §§ i, appoint one student to each of the institutions named in the 3 - ' third preceding section '; and the scholarship thus created shall be for a period of two years. A vacancy in a scholarship shall Chap. 62.] SCHOLARSHIPS. 307 be filled by the senator who made the appointment vacated, or by his successor in office. If a senator fails to appoint to such scholarship before the beginning of the school year following the expiration of the appointment made by his predecessor, after notice from the officers of such institution of such expiration and vacancy, the officers of such institution shall designate and appoint a student to such scholarship. Sec. 1182. Appointments, where made. Appointments v. s. § 871. . 1892 No 25 § 1 shall be made from the county represented- by the senator making the appointment, provided a suitable candidate shall apply there- for, otherwise from any part of the state. Sec. 1183. Appointments to University of Vermont and v. s. § 873. State Agricultural College. In making appointments to the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, pref- erence shall be given to candidates for the agricultural and in- dustrial department. If, at any time, there are not thirty suit- able applicants for such department, the appointment may be to any other department of such institution. Sec. 1184. Appointments, how made when vacancy ini906, No. oi, § l. senatorship. "Whenever there is a vacancy in a senatorship, the other senator or senators of the county in which the vacancy exists, if there is any other senator from such county, or, in case there is none, the governor, may appoint and designate persons for scholarships in the University of Vermont and State Agri- cultural College and Middlebury College, to the same number and in the same way that the incumbent of such senatorship might, if there were no vacancy. CHAPTER 62. NORWICH UNIVERSITY. Section 1185. — Military College of the State of "Vermont. Sections 118G-1188. — Scholarships. Sections 1189, 1190. — Appropriations. Sections 1191, 1192. — Board of visitors. Military College of the State of Vermont. Sec. 1185. Recognized as; rank of faculty. Norwich Uni-1900, No. 81, § i. versity is hereby recognized as the Military College of the State of Vermont; and its faculty shall have local rank as follows: assistant professors, the rank of second lieutenant; professors for the first five years of service, the rank of first lieutenant, for the second five years, the rank of captain, after ten years of ser- vice, the rank of major, after twenty years, the rank of lieu- tenant-colonel ; and the president shall have the rank of colonel ; all without pay from the state. Scholarships. Sec. 1186. Senators to make appointments. Each senator 1898, No. 31, §§ 2, in the general assembly shall, in each odd year, designate and v. s. § 871. appoint one student to such institution, who shall be a resident 1892, No ' 2o ' § *• 308 APPROPRIATIONS. [Title 11. of the county represented by the senator making the appoint- ment, provided a suitable candidate shall apply therefor, other- wise from any part of the state ; and a scholarship thus created shall be for a period of two years. A vacancy in a scholarship shall be filled by the senator who made the appointment vacated, or by his successor in office ; and, if a senator fails to appoint to a scholarship before the beginning of the school year following the expiration of the appointment made by his predecessor, after notice from the officers of such institution of a vacancy, such officers shall designate and appoint a student to such scholarship. 1904, No. 52, §§ i, Sec. 1187. Scholarships for four years. For a period of ten years, each senator in the general assembly shall annually, on or before the first day of June, designate and appoint two candi- dates, residents of his county, as a principal and alternate for a scholarship covering tuition for four years in such institution. Upon notification by the president of such institution, said prin- cipal shall present himself to the proper board of such insti- tution for examination ; and, in case of his failure, his alternate shall be likewise examined; and, if, for any reason, a senator fails to designate and appoint a candidate, or if both principal and alternate fail to pass the required examinations, the presi- dent of the university may, in his discretion, appoint one to fill such vacancy, the appointee to be selected from properly quali- fied applicants for admission, and from the county having the vacancy, if possible. 1906, No. 6i, § i. Sec. 1188. Appointments, how made when vacancy in senatorship. Whenever there is a vacancy in a senatorship, the other senator or senators of the county in which the vacancy exists, if there is any other senator from such county, or, in case there is none, the governor, may appoint and designate persons for scholarships in Norwich University to the same number and in the same way that the incumbent of such senatorship might, if there were no vacancy. Appropriations. r. 1906, § 1097. Sec. 1189. Amounts. The auditor of accounts shall draw 1904, No. 52, §§ 4, ^ or( j er m f avor f sucn institution for the sum of six thou- v 89 ! N §s lis § 866 sand - dollars ; of which sum, three thousand dollars shall be i892%o 26 s i ' P a y able to tne treasurer of such institution on the first day of July and January, semi-annually. Such appropriation shall be expended in providing thirty scholarships to be filled as hereto- fore provided, and for carrying out the provisions of its charter ; and for a period of ten years, on the first day of July and Janu- ary, the auditor of accounts shall also draw orders in favor of the treasurer of such institution for the sum of twenty-five hundred dollars, which shall be applied to the improvement of the depart- ment of engineering in the following manner: one-fifth for the purchase of needed instruments, appliances and apparatus, and four-fifths to the payment of the salaries of professors in such department. r. 1906, § 1098. Sec. 1190. Accounts. All moneys paid such institution by Chap. 63.] BOARD OF LIBRARY COMMISSIONERS. 309 the state treasurer shall be kept in a separate and independent v. s. § 874. 1892, No. 26, § 3. account. Board of Visitors. Sec. 1191. Appointment. The governor shall biennially, 1898, xo. 33, § l. during the session of the general assembly, with the advice and consent of the senate, appoint four persons, who, with the super- intendent of education, shall constitute a board of visitors to Norwich University, whose term of office shall commence on the first day of December following their appointment and continue until their successors are appointed. The governor shall fill a vacancy occurring in said board. Sec. 1192. Duties. Said board shall visit and inspect suchi898, No. 33, §§ 2, institution at such times as it sees fit, and shall report the result of such inspection and the manner of the expenditure of all moneys appropriated by the state to such institution, to the governor, who shall transmit the same to the next general as- sembly. The members of said board, with the exception of the superintendent of education, shall each receive three dollars per day and expenses for time spent in such service, not to exceed five days in each year. Such sum shall be paid by the treasurer of such institution. PART IV. PUBLIC LIBRARIES. CHAPTER 63. ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES. Sections 1193-1197. — Board of library commissioners. Sections 1198-1200.— Towns. Sections 1201-1203. — Traveling libraries. Sections 1204-1210. — Incorporation of libraries. Sections 1211-1217. — Town and village libraries. Sections 1218-1220. — Libraries entitled to certain documents. Board of Library Commissioners. Sec. 1193. Appointment; vacancies. A board of five per- v. s. § 875. sons, residents of the state, one of whom shall be appointed an- nually by the governor and whose term of office shall be five years, shall constitute a state board of library commissioners. The governor shall designate the chairman of and fill all va- cancies in said board. Sec. 1194. Advice given by. The librarian or trustees of 1898, No. 138, § 13. a free public library may ask said board for advice in regard 1894', No. 37, § 2. to the selection and cataloguing of books and any other matters pertaining to the maintenance or administration of a library, and said board shall give such advice in regard to such matters 310 TOWNS. [Title 11. as it shall find practicable. Said board shall biennially make a report of its doings to the general assembly, at the expense of the state. v. s. § 877. Sec. 1195. Provide books for public libraries. Said board ' °" shall, upon the application of the board of library trustees of a town without a free public library owned and controlled by such town, expend a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars for books for such town. Such books shall be used by said trustees for the purpose of establishing a free public library, and the state board of library commissioners shall select and purchase books so provided. r. 1906, § 1107. Sec. 1196. Compensation; expenditures. No member of 1902! No! It', 1 i! the state board of library commissioners, except its secretary, 189|, Na. g i38, § 13. g^jj reC eive compensation. Said board may expend not exceed- 1894, No. 37, § 6. j n g fourteen hundred dollars, annually, for necessary expenses in the discharge of its duties, including expenses for the trans- portation of books, and exclusive of the necessary expense of making its report to the general assembly. Not more than five hundred dollars of the above sum may be used for the employ- ment and expenses of a secretary to be chosen by the board and who may be a member thereof. The auditor of accounts shall draw an order in favor of said board for sums expended by said board under the provisions of this chapter. v. s. § 882. Sec. 1197. Powers. The state board of library commis- 189 , o. 7, sioners shall have power to make necessary rules for its govern- ment and for the care of the libraries furnished by the state. Towns. 1902, No. 32, § i. Sec. 1198. Appropriations. A town voting to instruct its 1894J No. 37, § 5. board of library trustees to make application to the state board of library commissioners under the third preceding section shall annually appropriate for the maintenance of its free public library a sum not less than fifty dollars, if its grand list is ten thousand dollars or over, or a sum not less than twenty-five dol- lars, if its grand list is less than ten thousand dollars and not less than twenty-five hundred dollars, or a sum not less than fifteen dollars, if its grand list is less than twenty-five hundred dollars; and the selectmen of such town shall annually, in the month of September, draw an order on the treasurer of the town payable to such trustees for the amount of such appropriation, without the town having voted such appropriation, v. s. § 879. Sec. 1199. Board of library trustees. No town shall be en- 1894, No. 37, § 4. ^^ tQ ^ benefits f the fi rst an( j fourth preceding sections, unless such town has elected a board of library trustees and voted to instruct such board to make application to the state board of library commissioners, and said trustees have provided, in a man- ner satisfactory to the state board of library commissioners, for the care, custody and distribution of the books furnished in accordance with this chapter. The provisions of sections one thousand two hundred and thirteen, one thousand two hundred and fourteen and one thousand two hundred and fifteen shall Chap. 63.] INCORPORATION OF LIBRARIES. 311 apply to the election of boards of library trustees under this section and to said trustees when so elected. Sec. 1200. Towns accepting conditions to receive bene- v. s. § sso^ fits. When a town has accepted the provisions of the preceding St - * °- » * ■ section, the state board of library commissioners shall so certify to the auditor of accounts, who shall draw an order payable to said board for one hundred dollars, to be expended in the pur- chase of books as provided in the fifth preceding section. Traveling Libraries. Sec. 1201. Appropriation. The state board of library com-iooo, No. 32, § i. missioners may expend a sum not exceeding five hundred dol- lars, annually, for the purchase of books for traveling libraries and in their necessary equipment, and may also expend a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars, annually, for clerical work in cataloguing and preparing such books for circulation and for other necessary work in connection therewith. Sums expended under the provisions of this section shall be certified by the chairman of said board to the auditor of accounts, who shall draw an order for the payment of the same. Sec. 1202. Management. Said board shall have the fulliooo, No. 32, § 2. management and control of traveling libraries and make necessary rules and regulations for the use and government of the same. Sec. 1203. Use. Three or more citizens may organize a 1900, No. 32, § 3. library association, and, on compliance with the rules, regu- lations and requirements of the state board of library com- missioners, shall, in the discretion of said board, be entitled to the use of traveling libraries without charge other than for expense of transportation of the same. A local library, lit- erary or other club, agricultural or other society, grange, col- lege, seminary, university extension center, study circle or other association shall, on the same terms and in the discretion of the commissioners, have the use of such traveling libraries. Incorporation of Libraries. Sec. 1204. When property is given to trustees. Trus- v. s. § 883. tees to whom real or personal property is devised, bequeathed, granted, conveyed or donated, for the foundation and estab- lishment of a free public library, may, unless otherwise pro- vided by the devisor, grantor or donor of such property, in order to promote the better establishment, maintenance and management of such library, cause a corporation to be formed under the provisions of the three following sections. Sec. 1205. How effected. Said trustees may intake, sign v. s. § 884. and acknowledge, and file in the office of the secretary of state, a statement in writing setting forth the intent of said trustees to form a corporation, a copy of the will or instrument by which the endowment of such library is provided, the name adopted for the corporation, which shall not be the name of a corporation already existing, and the town or village in which 312 INCORPORATION OF LIBRARIES. [Title 11. V. S. § 885. 1894, No. 38^ § V. S. § 886. 1894, No. 38, § 4. V. S. § 886. 1894, No. 38, § 4. such library and the principal place of business of such cor- poration will be located, the number of managers who may .be denominated trustees, managers or directors of such corpora- tion, and the names of the trustees, managers or directors who are to constitute the original board and who shall hold office until their successors are respectively elected and qualified as pro- vided in the second following section. Sec. 1206. Same. The secretary of state shall forthwith, upon the filing of such statement in his office, issue to the in- corporators under his hand and seal, a certificate of which such statement shall be a part, declaring that the organization of the corporation is perfected. The incorporators shall forthwith cause such certificate to be recorded in the office of the county clerk of the county in which such library is to be located; and thereupon the corporation shall be deemed fully organized and may proceed to carry out its corporate purposes, and receive by conveyance from the trustees the property provided for the en- dowment of such library, and may hold the same in whatever form it may have been received or conveyed by said trustees, until such form shall be changed by action of such corporation. Sec. 1207. Powers of corporation. An organization formed under the two preceding sections shall be a body corporate and politic, to be known by the name stated in its certificate or articles of incorporation ; and, by such corporate name, it shall have and possess the ordinary rights and inci- dents of a corporation, and shall be capable of taking, holding and disposing of real and personal estate for the purposes of its organization. The provisions of a will, deed or other instru- ment by which an endowment of a library is provided and ac- cepted by the trustees, managers or directors shall, as to such endowment, be a part of the organic and fundamental law of such corporation. Sec. 1208. Duties of officers. The trustees, managers or directors of such a corporation shall compose its members and shall not be more than nine nor less than five in number. Said trustees, managers or directors shall elect the officers of the corporation from their number and have control and manage- ment of the affairs and property of the same, may accept do- nations, and, in their discretion, hold the same in the form in which they are given, for the purposes of science, literature and art germane to the objects and purposes of such corpora- tion. They may fill, by election, subject to the approval of the chief judge of the supreme court, vacancies occurring in their number, and may make by-laws for the management of such corporation and library, which by-laws shall set forth the officers of* the corporation and define and prescribe their respect- ive duties. They may appoint and employ from time to time agents and employes, as they may deem necessary for the effi- cient administration and conduct of the library and the other affairs of such corporation. Whenever a trustee, manager or director is elected to fill a vacancy, a certificate, under the seal of the corporation, giving the name of the person elected, shall Chap. 68.] TOWN AND VILLAGE LIBRARIES. 313 be recorded in the office of the county clerk where the articles of incorporation are recorded. Sec. 1209. Exemption from taxation. Whenever the in- v. s. § 886. striiment providing the endowment declares that the institu- tion shall be a free public library, such library and other prop- erty of the corporation shall be forever exempt from taxation. Sec. 1210. Report. The trustees, managers or directors v. s. § 886. of such a corporation shall annually, in the month of January, report to the governor the condition of the library and of the funds and other property of the corporation, showing its as- sets and investments in detail for the year ending on the thirty-first day of December, preceding. Town and Village Libraries. Sec. 1211. Establishment. A town or incorporated vil-R. 1906, § 1119. lage may establish and maintain public libraries, with or without v. s.' § °887. ' branches, for the use of its inhabitants, and may annually con-is^' N 27 if,' § 1. tract with a library or library association incorporated under the general law or by a special act of the general assembly, to furnish books to its inhabitants free, and may appropriate money therefor, and may annually appropriate money for the main- tenance, care, increase and support of a library held in trust for such town or incorporated village or the inhabitants thereof. Sec. 1212. Appropriation. A town or incorporated village v. s. § 888. establishing and maintaining a library may appropriate, fori884i No. 65,' § 1. suitable rooms and buildings and for the foundation of such a fgeV," No 27 !!,' § 2. library, a sum not exceeding three dollars for each ratable poll in such town or incorporated village in the preceding year, and may also appropriate annually, for the maintenance, care and increase thereof, such sum of money as such town or incorporated village may vote at its annual meeting, and may receive, hold and manage a devise, bequest or gift for a public library. Sec. 1213. Trustees. A town or incorporated village r. 1906, § 1121. which has established or shall hereafter establish a public library ^92', No 88 53,'§ 1. may elect at its annual meeting a board of five trustees, who shall have full power to manage such public library and to receive, control and manage property which shall come into the hands of such town or incorporated village by gift, purchase, devise or bequest for the use and benefit of such library. Sec. 1214. Trustees' term of office. At the meeting when v. s. § 890. said trustees are first chosen, they shall be elected for the fol- lowing terms : one for one year, one for two years, one for three years, one for four years and one for five years, and until their respective successors are chosen. Their successors shall be elected for the term of five years, but a person chosen to fill a vacancy shall serve only for the remainder of the unexpired term. Sec. 1215. Report by trustees. Said trustees shall make r. 1906, § 1123. report to the annual meeting of the town or incorporated village 1S92', No 89 53, § 3. of the condition of the library and of the management and ex- * penditure of such moneys as have come into their hands. 314 R. 1906, § 1124. V. S. § 892. 1892, No. 53, § 4. R. L. § 2740. 1867, No. 63, § 3. V. S. § 893. R. L. § 2741. 1870, No. 22. 1869, No. 11. LIBRARIES ENTITLED TO DOCUMENTS. [Title 11. Sec. 1216. Moneys, how paid out. Moneys raised for a library shall be paid out by an agent to be appointed by the se- lectmen of a town or the trustees of an incorporated village, un- less library trustees have been elected. Sec. 1217. Union of library associations. Two incor- porated library associations in the same town may, by a majority vote of the stock of each of such associations, at meetings thereof warned for that purpose, unite and assume the corporate name of either of such associations. 1906, No. 97, § 1. V. S. § 894. 1894, No. 39, § 1. V. S. § 895. 1894, No. 39, § 2. V. S. § 896. 1894, No. 39, § 3. Libraries Entitled to Certain Documents. Sec. 1218. Town libraries. When a town has established a public library, such town may, at an annual meeting, vote to place in such library a copy of such documents and volumes heretofore received by such town for it or its town clerk's office, as it shall designate, and also a copy of such documents and volumes hereafter to be received from the state, except the Vermont Reports, Vermont Public Documents and other books and documents provided by law to be kept in the town clerk's office, as it shall designate. The ownership of such books shall continue in the town; but their use shall be enjoyed by the library, until such town shall otherwise vote. Sec. 1219. Books to be delivered by state. The state li- brarian shall deliver to a town public library that has been voted by its town the use of books owned by such town, such duplicate documents and volumes published or provided by the state, as can, in the judgment of the trustees of the state library, be delivered without prejudice to the state library. Such docu- ments and volumes shall be delivered on application stating what books have already been received from the town, and the prop- erty in such documents and volumes shall remain in the state ; but their use shall be enjoyed by such public library, until the state librarian is directed by law to demand their return to the state library. Sec. 1220. Books to public libraries not established by towns. When a public library exists in a town and is not estab- lished by it, such town may, at an annual meeting, by a two- thirds vote, make the provisions named in the second preceding section in respect to use by the library of books owned by the town, apply to such library; and, in case of such vote, the pro- visions of the preceding section shall apply to such library the same as if it were established and maintained by such town. INDEX. ABATEMENT, sec. School district taxes, 1153, 1154 ACADEMIES, Certificates to teach, graduates to re- ceive, when, 9G5 Defined, 1016 Standard for, superintendent of edu- cation to establish, 1021 Statistics of, how returned, 1058 ACCOUNTS, Permanent school fund, audit and certificate of, 108G Norwich University, appropriation for, 1190 ACTIONS, Directors, liable for unauthorized payments, 991 Penalties and forfeitures recovered by, (See Penalties and Forfeit- ures.)- PUBLIC MONEY, false statements, etc., as to, 1102 wrongful distribution of, 1102 School expenses, false statement as to 1102 Text-books, neglect of directors as to, 1107 United States deposit money, town's failure to comply with law, 1069 ADVANCED INSTRUCTION, Age not to deprive of, 1021 Appeal to superintendent of educa- tion, ....1021 Examination of pupil demanding, . . . 1018-1020 High school defined, 1016 Standard of high school established how, 1021 Town clerk to furnish statements as to pupils, filed where, 1022 Town reimbursed how, 1023 Town to maintain high school, or fur- nish, 1017 AGE, School age, 1027 APPEALS, Advanced instruction, 1021 Land for school purposes, taking; proceedings, 1114, 1115 APPEALS, Continued, sec. School accommodations and convey- ance of pupils 1007, 1008 APPORTIONMENT, Permanent school fund 1084 State school tax, on what list, 1092: APPROPRIATIONS, Colleges and scholarships, 1178, 1183, 1189= Deaf, dumb, blind,' etc., for instruc- tion of, 1168, 1177 Directors to recommend, 992 Library commissioners, 1196, 1201 Normal schools, 952. Pupils, transportation and board of; apportionment, 1014 Sight and hearing, testing of, 1165 State teachers' association, etc 919 ARREST, Truants, without warrant, 1036 AUDITOR OF ACCOUNTS, APPROPRIATIONS, ACCOUNTS, ETC., colleges and universities, 1178, 118? "deaf, dumb, blind, etc., 1176, 1177 examiners of teachers, allowance to, for meetings, 927 Libraries, commissioners' expenses, 1196 establishment, 1200 traveling libraries, 1201 normal schools, 952 permanent school fund, audit and certificate of, 1086 pupils, testing sight and hearing of, 1165. state teachers' association, 919/ Superintendent of Education, accounts and salary, ..919, 921, 924 circulars of educational informa- tion 921 educational meetings, expense of, 918 examination questions, blanks, etc., expense of, 922 teachers' institutes expense of, . . 915 Normal school commissioners, to di- rect as to bond of treasurer of 948 BANK COMMISSIONER, Permanent school fund, audit of; cer- tificate, 1086 INDEX. BLIND, sec. Instruction of, 1166-1177 (See Deaf, Dnml), Blind, etc., In- struction of.) BONDS, Normal school commissioners, treas- urer of, 948 School district collector and treas- urer; vacancy on failure 1128 Trustees of town funds, 1066 BOUNDARIES, Incorporated school districts, change of, 1142, 1143 .1000 CENSUS, School, made by whom; fees, . CERTIFICATES, Age of candidates for, 954 Examinations for, 959-961, 968 FIRST GRADE, college graduates may receive, when, 963 continuation of 966 graduates of normal schools in oth- er states • • • 958 requisites for; to whom issued; term 958, 962, 963 special 969 Kindergarten or primary, issued when, • • • 973 Normal school graduates, provisions as to, 956-958, 972 . Notice by holder to clerk; contract void without 955 Permits, how granted; re-issue; lim- itation 974-976 Required; contract void. without, ... 954 Revoked when, 977 SECOND GRADE, 966 965 continuation of, graduates of secondary schools, . . . requisites for; to whom issued; term 965 special 969 superintendent of union may grant; limitation, 943 THIRD GRADE, private examinations for, when; fees, 968 requisites for; to whom issued; term, .-. ..967, 970 special, 970 superintendent of union may grant, when; limitation, . , 943 "Unlimited, issued when 971, 972 CHILD LABOR, Law of, 1044-1050 CITIES, sec. State school tax, order for, drawn by mayor, 1093 CIVIL AUTHORITY, BOARD OF, Deaf, dumb, blind, etc., returns as to, 1170 CLERK OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS, (See Directors, Board of: Clerk.) COLLEGES, Appropriations in aid of, 1178, 1189 Certificates to teach, to graduates, . . 963, 971 Scholarships; appointment; vacan- cies, 1181-1183, 1186-1188 COMMISSIONERS, School purposes, taking land for, . . 1114, 1115 COMPLAINTS, Child labor law, violation of, Truancy law, violation of, . . .1049, 1050 .1037, 1040 CONSTABLES, Truant officers, when, 1028 CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTES, Academy, 1016 Elementary school 1013 High school, 1016 Legal pupil 1027 Legal school, 1097 School districts in unorganized places, powers of 1127 School year, month, week, day 1024 Voters in school district meetings, . . 1127, 1139 CONTRACTS, School teacher's, void when, ....954, 955 CONVEYANCE, Pupils, transportation of; state aid, 1006-1008, 1014, 1015 COPIES, Certified by school district clerk; penalty for neglect, 1129 CORPORATIONS, Incorporated school districts, ..1139-1146 (See School Districts: Incorpor- ated.) Libraries, trustees of may incorpor- ate, 1205-1210 (See Libraries.) School districts in unorganized places are corporations, 1121 COSTS, Lands for school purposes, proceed- ings to take 1115 COUNTY CLERKS, Deaf, dumb, blind, etc., returns as to, 1171 INDEX. COUNTY CLERKS, Continued, sec. RECORDS, library, certificate of incorporation of, 120G I'norg-anized Towns and Gores, lands taken for school purposes, 1112 school meetings, 1120 COUNTY COURTS, JURISDICTION, child labor law, 1049 school purposes, land taken for, . . 1114, 1115 truancy, 1043 COURSES OF STUDY, Prepared and distributed by superin- tendent of education, 923, 924 CRIMES AND OFFENSES, Appropriation, failure of town to make 1103 Attendance, offenses relating to, 1043 Fire drills, teacher neglecting 1161 Officer failing to pass over books, etc., to successor, 1131 Overseer of the poor, neglect of duty by 1042 Parent, etc., allowing employment of children in mills, etc., unlawfully, 1047, 1048 Parent, etc., refusing to give infor- mation to clerk 1001 School money, failing to comply with law as to; indictment, 1069, 1103 Text-books, receiving pay for recom- mending 1109 Truancy or disobedience, 1041 Truant officer neglecting duty, 1042 U. S. deposit money, failing to comply with law as to; indictment, 1069, 1070 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, Truant, proceedings against, 1034 1037, 1040 DAMAGES, ACTIONS FOR, directors liable for unauthorized payments, 991 text-books, loss of, 1107 text-books, neglect of directors as to, 1107 Land damages; school purposes, land taken for 1110-1117 DAY, School, defined, 1024 DEAF, DUMB, BLIND, ETC., IN- STRUCTION OF, Appropriation for, 1168, 1177 Care of, after discharge from institu- tion 1177 DEAF, DUMB, BLIND, ETC., IN- STRUCTION OF, Continued, SEC. COMMISSIONER, governor to be; duties, 1166, 1167, 1172 1175-1177 report; compensation, " 1167 Education within state, when, 1175, 1176 Expenses, town to defray, when, ...1174 Indemnity bond executed by select- men 1173 Information as to, by board of civil authority 1170 Returns as to, 1170, 1171 Schools where educated, 1169 .1151, 1152 DEDUCTIONS, School district tax, DEEDS, Town school fund, security for, who may take acknowledgment, 1089 .1028 DEPUTY SHERIFFS, Truant officer, duties as, DIRECTORS, BOARD OF, Appropriations, recommendations as to, 992 Arrest for not attending school, when; notice; complaint, 1036 1037, 1040 Attendance at school, excuses from, . 1029, 1030 Chairman, election of, 989 CLERK, appointment; compensation; duties, 997 999, 1000, 1002 census of children and parents made by; fees, 1000 directors to perform duties, when, 998 false statements or certificates by; penalty, 1056 list of children furnished teachers by, 1031 parent giving false information to; penalty, 1001 records kept by; statement as to teachers, 999 Registers, answering interrogatories in; cer- tificate; filing; penalty, 1055, 1056 examination; certificate, 1054 furnished teachers by, 1053 procuring; responsibility for, ..1002 Compensation; auditing of accounts, 996 Constitution; election; term of office, 987 Duties, 990 Elected by ballot, when 985 Election; term; women may be, 986, 987 Evening schools, admission to, regu- lated by, ....# -. 1010 False certificate as to school moneys; penalty 1102 Fire drill law, duties as to, 1162 INDEX. DIRECTORS, BOARD OF, Contin- sec. ued, Higher instruction furnished by, how, 1017 Kindergartens, may establish, 1009 LAND FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES, damages, question of, referred by agreement, 1113 duties on disagreement as to price, 1110 Liability for a payment not author- ized by law 991 Location of schools by; appeal, 1006-1008 Normal school practice departments, powers as to, 951 Oath, 989 Orders by, paid by town treasurer, . . 1062 Perform duties of clerk, when 998 PUPILS, CONVEYANCE AND BOARD OF, directors may provide; appeal, . . 1006-1008 state aid, obtained how, 1015 Pupils, non-resident, received by; tui- tion, .....1011, 1012 Report of 994 Return of expenditures to town clerk, 995 School houses and sites, powers as to, 993 School houses, location and construc- tion of, under control of, 983 Special instruction provided by, ...1004 TEXT-BOOKS AND SUPPLIES, furnished by; rules, 1105, 1106 lost, etc., to give notice to select- men ; penalty 1107 selection by; taking pay for re- commending prohibited, ..1108, 1109 TOWN SUPERINTENDENT, appointment; pay; filing certificate, 931 duties directed by directors, 934 removal ; vacancy, 932 Truant officers appointed by, 1028 Union for expert supervision, pow- ers as to, 938-944 Vacancy, how filled; record, 988 DISCOUNT, School district taxes, 1151, 1152 DISTRIBUTION, Permanent school fund 1084 State school tax, ..1095, 1096, 1098-1100 DISTRICTS, School, 1118-1146 (See School Districts.) DRAWING, Directors may provide instruction in, 1004 DUMB, # Instruction of, 1166-1177 (See Deaf, Dumb, Blind, etc., In- struction of.) EDUCATIONAL MEETINGS, sec. Holding of; expense 918 ELECTIONS, SCHOOL OFFICERS, directors 985, 987 school district officers, 1122, 1123 women may vote and hold office, . . 986 VOTERS, in incorporated school districts, not to vote on town school questions, 980 women may vote on school matters, 986 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS, Courses of study, prepared and dis- tributed how, 923, 924 Defined 1013 State aid for transporting pupils, . . . 1014, 1015 EMINENT DOMAIN, School purposes, taking lands for, . . 1110-1117 EPILEPTICS, Instruction of, 1166-1177 EVENING SCHOOLS, Establishment; attendance, 1010 EVIDENCE, Certified copies, school district clerk to give, 1129 EXAMINERS OF TEACHERS, Advanced instruction, duties as to ex- amination of pupil demanding 1019, 1020 Appeals to, from action of school di- rectors, 1007, 1008 Appointment; qualification; vacan- cies; removal .925, 928 CERTIFICATES, age of candidates for, 954 examinations for 959-961, 968 First Grade, college graduates may receive, when, 963 continuation of, 966 graduates of normal schools in other states 958 requisites for; to whom issued; term, 958, 962, 963 special, 969 kindergarten or primary, issued when, 973 normal school graduates, provisions as to, 956-958, 972 notice by holder to clerk; contract void without, 955 permits, how granted; re-issue; limitation, 974-976 INDEX. EXAMINEES OF TEACHERS, Con- sec. tinned, CERTIFICATES, Continued, required; contract void without, .. 954 revoked when, 977 Second GraDA\CE, arrest for; notice; complaint 1036 1037, 1040 teacher to give notice to truant of- ficer of, 1032 Non-resident; tuition paid to school fund, 1011, 1012 PAREXT, ETC., attendance of scholars, duties as to^- penalty, 1029, 1030, 1034, 1035 employment of children contrary to law; fine; jurisdiction, 1037 1040, 1043 SIGHT AND HEARING, appropriation for testing 1105 test cards, etc., to be furnished, ..1163 testing of; reports, 1163, 1164 Studies required, 1003 Text-books, etc., liability for loss or destruction of, 1107 Town superintendent's powers and duties under child labor law, 1044, 1045 Truancy or disobedience; penalty; jurisdiction, 1041, 1043 Unorganized places; tuition and transportation, 1138 REGISTERS, Continued, sec. Statistics, town clerk to make up from; fees, 1057, 1059 . Teachers' duties as to, 1053 Transmission to town clerks, 1052 REPORTS, Deaf, dumb, blind, etc., commissioner of, 1167 Examiners of teachers, 930 Library commissioners, 1194 Normal school commissioners 949 Norwich University, board of visitors to, H92 Permanent school fund, trustees of, . 1085 Superintendent of education, 920 TOWN OFFICERS, clerk of school directors, 1000 library trustees 1215 school directors and clerk, . .994, 1000 superintendent of schools; expense, 937 treasurer, as to school funds, 1064 trustees of public money, 1067 Trustees of incorporated libraries, to governor, 1210 RETURNS, Deaf, dumb, blind, etc., .1170, 1171 School directors, of expenditures, . . . 995 REVOCATION, . Teachers' certificates, 977 RULES, Public and traveling libraries, com- missioners to make rules for, 1197, 1202 REAL ESTATE, School purposes, taking for, by emi- nent domain, 1110-1117 RECORDS, Clerk of board of school directors, . . . 999 District clerks; copies; penalty, . . . 1129, 1139 District, to be preserved, 978 Districts in unorganized places, or- ganization of 1120 Warnings of school district meetings, 1133 REGISTERS, CLERK OF BOARD OF DIREC- TORS, answers to interrogatories; certifi- cate; filing; penalty, 1055, 1056 examination; certificate, 1054 furnished teachers, 1053 procuring; responsibility for, 1002 Contents 10 53 Examination; certificate, 1054 Form of, by whom prescribed, 1051 SALARIES, Deaf, dumb, blind, etc., commissioner of, ; ...1167 Examiners of teachers for summer schools, 917 Superintendents of school unions, . . 940, 941 SCHOLARSHIPS IN COLLEGES, Appointment; vacancies, 1181-1184 1186-1188 SCHOOL DIRECTORS, (See Directors, Board of.) SCHOOL DISTRICTS, Clerks, false statements or certifi- cates by; penalty, 1056 Collectors, duties as to taxes; forfeit- ure 1149-1152 INCORPORATED, boundaries, change of, how effected, 1142, 1143 clerk to notify town clerk of elec- tion ; penalty, 1140 10 INDEX. SCHOOL DISTRICTS, Continued, sec. INCORPORATED, Continued, laws applicable to, 1139 officers' powers, duties, etc., same as in unorganized places, 1139 returns by principals, 1058 returns by prudential committee; forfeiture 1100 school money, division between, and town districts, 1098, 1099 town collector may be collector, when 1141 union for expert supervision, .... 938 union with town district; provi- sions as to, 1144-1146 voters in, not to vote in town meet- ing on school matters, 980 Lands, etc., special committee for purchase of, 1157 Merger of town and incorporated dis- trict, 1144-1146 PRUDENTIAL, COMMITTEE, assessment and collection of taxes, 1149, 1155 false statements by; penalty, ....1102 School houses, location of, 1158, 1159 TAXATION, abatement of taxes, 1153, 1154 Assessment, execution, to pay, 1155 generally; warrant; collection; payment 1149 prudential committee to assess when voted 1149 purchase of land, etc., 1156 collection; forfeiture, 1149, 1150 deductions from, 1151, 1152 grand list for, 1147 raising of tax, 1148 UNORGANIZED PLACES, Clerks, meetings warned by; penalty, . . 1134, 1136 records kept by; certified copies; penalty, 1129 collector or treasurer to give bond; vacancy on failure, 1128 commissioners' authority, 1138 corporate powers, 1121 laws of town district apply how far 1127, 1128 meetings; warnings for; record; voters; penalty, 1132-1136 moderator to preside at meetings, 1126 Officers, books, etc., delivered to succes- sor; penalty, 1131 duties, etc., generally, 1128 election; terms 1122, 1123 vacancies, how filled, 1123, 1130 organization; meetings; record, .. 1118-1120 prudential committee, election; number; term; vacancies, 1123-1125 SCHOOL DISTRICTS, Continued, sec. UNORGANIZED PLACES, Continued, public money; entitled to, when, 1137 returns to superintendent; failure to make, 110O tuition and transportation, tax as- sessed for, when, 1138 voters, eligibility of; how deter- mined, 1135- SCHOOL HOUSES AND PROPERTY, Care of, vested in whom, 982, 990 Directors' duties as to, 990, 993 District may elect committee to buy, etc., 1157 Location of school house determined how, 1158, 1159- Money for purchase, raised by town, 984 Taking lands for school purposes, . . 1110-1117 Tax raised to buy, hire, etc., 1156 Town superintendent's duties as to, 935 Town to provide and maintain; con- struction, 983 SCHOOL MEETINGS, INCORPORATED SCHOOL DIS- TRICTS, change of boundaries, meetings to vote on 1143 merger with town district, meet- ings to vote on, : 1144, 1145 what laws apply, 1139 Taxes, provisions as to raising 1148 1151, 1156 TOWN DISTRICTS, annual meetings, special provision as to, 981 appropriations made by 1061 change of boundaries of incorpor- ated districts, meetings to vote on, 1143 Directors, appropriations recommended, . . . 992 compensation fixed 996 elected by separate ballot, when, 985 election; number; term, 987 report, 994 merger with incorporated dis- tricts, meetings to vote on, 1145 Town superintendent's report, 937 UNORGANIZED TOWNS AND GORES, annual meetings, 1132-1136 meetings for organization, ..1118-1126 record 1129 what laws apply, 1127 Voters, provisions as to, 980, 986, 1127 1135, 1139 (See Voters.) SCHOOL MONEY, Appropriation required of town, ....1061 Division of, between town and incor- porated district, 1098, 1099 IXDEX. 11 SCHOOL MONEY, Continued, sec. I SCHOOL MONEY, Continued, SEC. Expert supervision, expense of, 941 False distribution of, to incorporated district; penalty, 1102 False statements as to; penalty 1102 Grand juries to inquire as to expendi- ture 1103 Huntington fund, provisions as to, 1072, 1078 Legal school defined, 1097 Paid out on orders of directors, . . . .1062 PERMANENT SCHOOL, FUND, audit of; certificate 1086 committee on finance; election; du- ties 1074, 1075 composition of 1072 distribution among towns and dis- tricts, 1084 gifts, bequests, etc., trustees may receive 1073 income only to be used 1084 investments; examination of securi- ties 1073, 1075, 1086 liability of trustees to U. S. for de- posit money 1083 organization and meetings of trus- tees, 1074 report as to, 1085 secretary; election; duties, ..1074, 1077 town treasurer to credit income, . .1063 town treasurer to report annually as to income, 1064 trustees of, who are; duties, etc., 1073-1086 trustees paid expenses only, 1076 U. S. deposit money, provisions as to, 1079-1083 vacancies in board or officers, .... 1077 Selectmen to file statement 1101 STATE SCHOOL TAX, apportionment of , 1092 assessment; rate, 1091 distribution of; board for, ..1095, 1096 grand juries to inquire as to ex- penditure, 1103 legal school defined 1097 payment of, 1093 statement of number of schools to be filed; forfeiture 1094 town superintendent to inquire as to expenditure 1104 Statement of expenditures 995 TOWN SCHOOL, FUND, real estate, lease and sale of; deed, acknowledgment of 1088, 1089 securities and moneys belonging to, paid town treasurer; separate ac- count, 1090 selectmen, duties as to 1087, 1088 Town superintendent, duties as to, 1104 Town treasurers to report annually as to, 1064 TRUSTEES OP PUBLIC MONEY, bond of; failure to execute; va- cancy 1066 duties; report 1067 TRUSTEES OF PUBLIC MONEY, Continued, U. S. deposit money, collection and payment to state; failure, 1080-1082 UNITED STATES DEPOSIT MON- EY, failure of town to comply with law; penalty, 1069 grand jury to inquire as to; indict- ment, 1070 permanent school fund, part of, . . 1072 1079-1083 (See sub-head Permanent School Fund. ) received by state treasurer; cer- tificate of deposit, 1065 settlement with towns by state treasurer, how made, 1071 towns liable to return to treasurer,, when, 1068 trustees of public money to man- age; report, 1067 SECRETARY OF STATE, Certificate of incorporation of li- brary, 1206 SECURITIES, Permanent school fund, 1073, 1075, 1086 Town school fund, 1087-1090 SELECTMEN, Bonds of trustees of public funds ap- proved by, 1066 DEAF, DUMB, BLIND, ETC., certificate as to, 1176 indemnity bond, executed by; du- ties 1173, 1174 Directors, vacancy in board of, filled by; record 988 Incorporated school district bound- aries, change of, duties, 1143 LAND FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES, assessment of damages for, 1110 record of proceedings kept where, 1112 removal of buildings on, llll LIBRARIES, agent for, appointed by, when, ...1216 establishment of; orders drawn an- nually, H98 Presiding officers at meetings of school district, when, 979 School districts in unorganized places, duties as to; record; com- pensation, 1118-1120 School houses, location determined by, when, 1159 SCHOOL MONEY, division between town and incor- ated district 1098, 1099 false distribution of; penalty, 1102 statement as to, filed by, 1101 12 INDEX. SELECTMEN, Continued, sec. School property, duties as to, 982 School tax, assessment of, 1061 State school tax, order drawn by, . . .1093 Taxes for school purposes assessed by, 1061 Text-books, recovery for loss of 1107 Town school funds, duties as to, .... 1087, 1088 Trustees of public money, bond fixed by, 1066 SENATE, Norwich University, appointment of visitors to, confirmed, 1191 SENATORS, STATE, Scholarships in colleges, duties as to, 1181-1184, 1186-1188 SHERIFFS, Truant officers, duties as, 1028 SIGHT AND HEARING OF PUPILS, Testing, 1163-1165 STATE LIBRARY, Documents delivered to libraries by librarian, 1219 STATE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION, Appropriation for; expenditure; or- ders, 919 STATE TREASURER, Higher instruction, reimbursement of towns for, 1023 PERMANENT SCHOOL FUND, accounts audited; certificate, 1086 trustee of; duties, 1073-1086 Pupils, transportation, etc., of, du- ties as to dividing appropriation for 1014 Salary of superintendent of union ap- portioned and paid by, when, 941 STATE SCHOOL, TAX, apportionment of, 1092 distribution of; board for, ..1095, 1096 UNITED STATES DEPOSIT MON- EY, received by; certificate of deposit, 1065 return of, by towns, 1068 settlement with towns, how made, 1071 STATE'S ATTORNEYS, Truancy law, violations of, prose- cuted by, 1034 STATISTICS, Deaf, dumb, blind, idiotic, etc., 1170, 1171 Town clerk to return; fees, ..1057, 1059 STUDIES, SEC. Courses of; distribution; printing, . . 923, 924 Evening schools, 1010 High schools 1016 Required in schools, 1003 Special, school directors may provide for, 1004 SUMMER SCHOOLS, Held when; expense, 917 SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION, Advanced instruction, returns as to, sent state treasurer, 1022 Circulars issued and distributed by; expense limited, 921 Clerks of school directors to report to, on request, 1000 Course of study for elementary schools prepared and distributed by, ,....923, 924 Duties, generally, 914 Educational meetings held by, when and where; expense; how paid, . . 918 Election; vacancy, 914 EXAMINATION OP TEACHERS, certificates revoked, when, 977 certificates to teach issued on ap- proval of,, when, ...... .963, 969, 970 duties as to, 960 examination papers subject to in- spection of 961 questions prepared by; expense, . . 922 special certificates, superintendent to approve, 969, 970 standard of, fixed by, 922 unlimited certificates issued, when, 971, 972 EXAMINERS OP TEACHERS, appointed by, with governor; re- moval; vacancies, 925, 928 duties of, superintendent may per- form when, 929 meetings with state superintend- ent, 927 reports of, 930 Expert supervision, apportionment of expense approved by, 941 HIGH SCHOOLS, courses of study in, prescribed by; printing, 924, 1016 higher instruction, blanks as to, furnished by; statements filed, .1022 standard established by; qualifica- tions of pupils, 1021 NORMAL SCHOOLS, duties and powers as to, 949, 951 graduate of school in another state may receive certificate, when, . . 958 practice departments established, how; maintenance, 951 Norwich University, member of board of visitors; duties, 1191, 1192 INDEX. 13 SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCA- sec. TION, Continued, Office in state house, 914 Permanent school fund, one of trus- tees; duties, 1073-1086 Registers, form of; to furnish to town clerks, 1051, 1052 Report, 920 Sight and hearing of pupils, duties as to, 1163-11G5 STATE SCHOOL. TAX, member of board to distribute 109G statements of number of schools forwarded by; blanks, 1094 State teachers' association, publica- tion of addresses and papers; ap- propriation, 919 STATISTICS, blanks for, furnished by; receipt, 1057 incorporated schools to furnish, when, 1058 Summer schools for teachers, may hold, when; length; expense, 917 Teachers' institutes held by; duties; expense, 915, 916 Text-books, receiving pay for recom- mending; penalty, 1109 Transportation, etc., of pupils, du- ties as to appropriation for, 1014, 1015 Vacancy, 914 SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOL UNIONS, Appropriation for, 941 Definitions, 938 DIRECTORS, chairman and secretary, election and duties of, 940, 941 convention; organization; powers, 940 dissolving urtfon, 940 meetings, 939 number; joint committee, 939 orders drawn by, 942 superintendent removed by, when, 943 union formed by vote of, 938 Grand Isle County, special provisions as to 944 SUPERINTENDENT, election; salary; apportionment, . . 940, 941 removal; qualifications; report; du- ties 943 time spent in teaching, deduction for, "..941 Superintendent of education, duties of 941 Towns forming union to have no other superintendent, 940 SUPERINTENDENTS, TOWN, Appointment; compensation; women may be, when, 931, 986 SUPERINTENDENTS, TOWN, Con- sec. tinned, Child labor law, duties under, .... 1044, 1045 Duties generally, 934, 935 Examination of pupil demanding ad- vanced instruction, 1018-1020 Permits to teach; duties; issue and reissue 974-977 Removal; vacancy 932 Report, annual; contents; compen- sation, 937 School houses, grounds, etc., duties as to, 935 School money, inquiries as to expen- diture of 1104 Sight and hearing of pupils, duties as to testing, 1164 Teachers dismissed by, when and how; compensation 936 Term of office, 933 Text-books, selection by; taking pay for recommending prohibited, 1108, 1109 Text-books, supplies, etc., duties as to, 935 Visiting schools, duties as to; recom- mendations, .934, 935 SUPREME COURT, Libraries, vacancies in trustees of filled by chief judge, 1208 TAXATION, Abatement of school district taxes, . . 1153, 1154 ASSESSMENT OP TAXES, School District Tax, execution, to pay, 1155 lands, etc., to purchase, 1156 prudential committee to assess when voted 1149 town, assessed by selectmen, ...1061 State School Tax, apportioned by state treasurer on grand list, .1092 assessed annually; rate, 1091 COLLECTORS OF TAXES, discount allowed by, when; notice, 1151, 1152 school district collectors; duties;- powers; forfeiture 1128, 1139 1149-1152 Exemption of property of free public library 1209 GRAND LIST, how made up, 1060 school district taxes, list for, 1147 state school tax apportioned on, . . .1092 town district, how made, 1060 14 INDEX. TAXATION, Continued, sec. School district taxes, 1147-1156 (See School Districts: Taxation.) School houses, money for purchase, how raised, 984 STATE SCHOOL, TAX, apportionment of, 1092 assessment; rate, 1091 distribution of; board for, . . .1095, 109G legal school defined, 1097 payment of, 1093 statement of number of schools to be filed; forfeiture, 1094 Town treasurer to keep money raised separate, 1062 UNORGANIZED PLACES, state school tax, 1092, 1093 tuition and transportation, tax as- sessed for when, 1138 Warrants for school district taxes, .1149 TEACHERS, Age limit for teaching, 954 Compensation; directors to employ, 990 1025, 1026 Contracts void, when 954, 955 Dismissal; compensation, 936, 943 EXAMINATIONS, conduct of, 959, 960 papers to be preserved 961 superintendent of union may act as examiner, when, 943 time and place of, 959 Fire drills, duties as to; fine, 1160, 1161 Institutes for; time and place; con- ducted how, . '. 915, 916, 926 Legal holidays, not required to teach on, 1026 Non-attendance of pupil, notice to truant officer, 1032 Normal school graduates may teach, how long, 956-958 NORMAL, SCHOOLS, appointment, 949 graduates of schools in another state may teach, when, 958 .Notification to clerk of board of direc- tors as to certificate, 955 Permits to teach issued, when; limi- tation; revocation, 974-977 REGISTERS, certificates of proper filling out of, 1054 duties as to, 1053 Sight and hearing of pupils, duties as to testing 1164 Summer school for, when; length; ex- pense, 917 Superintendent of union may dismiss, when, 943 Text-books, receiving pay for recom- mending; penalty, 1109 Time spent at institutes, etc., not de- ducted, 1025 TEACHERS, Continued, sec. Town superintendent may dismiss when and how; compensation, .... 936 Vocal music, etc., provision for, .... 1004 TEACHERS' INSTITUTES, Attendance at, 1025 Time and place; conduct; expense, 915 916, 926 TEXT-BOOKS, Directors to furnish; rules, ...1105, 1106 Lost, etc., payment for, 1107 Schools, furnishing to, 1105-1109 Selection of; taking pay for recom- mending prohibited, 1108, 1109 Town superintendent to ascertain if supplied, 935 TOWN AUDITORS, School directors' accounts, audit of, 996 School houses and lands, debts for au- dited by, 982 TOWN CLERKS, Certificate to secure state aid for transporting pupils, 1015 Fees for school returns 1059 Higher instruction, statement filed where, 1022 Number of schools certified to super- intendent, 1094 RECORDS, Appointments, school directors, vacancy filled, 988 superintendent of schools, 931 truant officers, 1028 incorporated school districts, change of boundaries, 1143 land for school purposes; proceed- ings as to taking, 1112 School registers furnished to and by; receipt 1002, 1052 School statistics returned by; fees, . . 1057, 1059 Town system of schools, to warn meetings, when; to preside, 979 .1016-1023 TOWN HIGH SCHOOLS, (See Higrh Schools.) TOWN LIBRARIES, 1211-1220 (See Libraries.) TOWNS, Deaf, dumb, blind, etc., to defray cer- tain expenses for, 1174 OFFICERS, vacancies; filled how, 932, 1066 women eligible to what offices, 931, 986 INDEX. TOWNS, Continued, sec. PROSECUTIONS AGAIINTST, school, failing to appropriate money for, H03 U. S. deposit money, violating law as to > 1070 REPORTS, directors, 994 superintendents, ]'/] 937 U. S. deposit money collected and paid to state; failure, 1080-1082 TRUANT OFFICERS, Continued, sec. Unorganized places, 1133 Violation of law as to attendance duti es, 1034 TRUSTEES, TOWN SYSTEM, Clerk, vacancy in office of, meeting warned how 979 Districts abolished, except; records preserved, 'g 78 Established, .[ . 978 Grand list of, how made up, ' .1060 Meetings in town having incorporated districts, when; proceedings, 981 School houses, etc., construction, care, etc., of; cost, how paid, 982' 983 Tax for land and buildings, ' 984 Town clerk may warn meetings, when; to preside, , 979 Voters in incorporated districts de- barred from voting on school mat- " ters ' 980 'TOWN TREASURERS, Fees of town clerk as to school re- turns, paid how, 1059 SCHOOL FUNDS, credit given for receipts from per- manent fund, • _ io 6 3 expert supervision, state money for, credited school fund, ... 941 kept separate; paid out how, 1062 ' 1090 ■ report as to, ' 1064 - town fund, separate account of 1090 what credited to 10 9 8 V 1099 State school tax, duties as to pav- ment of > ..1093 TRANSPORTATION, Pupils, conveyance of; state aid, 1006-1008, 1014, 'l015 TRUANT OFFICERS, Appointment; failure, who to act 1028 Arrest of child for not attending school; when; notice; complaint, 1036 Pll ,, 1037,1040 Children not attending, duties as to, 1033 Compensation, 103 9 Complaints against persons allowing children to work in mills, etc. con- V ^f^ t0 J aW ' 104 9> 1050 Neglect of duty; penalty 1042 Non-attendance because of want of clothing, duties, 10 3 5 Non-resident pupils subject ' to "tru- ancy laws, 1038 Incorporated libraries, (See Libraries: Incorporated; Trustees.) Permanent school fund, 1072-1086 (See School Money: Permanent School Fund.) Public money, 1066, 1067, 1080-1082 (See School Money: Trustees of Public Money.) Town and village libraries, ..1213-1215 TRUSTS, Libraries, benefit of; corporation; proceedings, 1204-1210 UNION OF INCORPORATED AND TOWN DISTRICTS, Incorporated district may become part of town district, how, 1144 Settlement of business affairs; re- cords; existence to cease, except, 1146 Town district may become part of in- corporated district, how, 1145 UNION OF SCHOOLS, Expert supervision, provisions as to, 938-944 (See Superintendents of School Unions.) UNITED STATES DEPOSIT MONEY, General provisions 1065-1071 Permanent school fund, part of, 1072 1079-1083 (Sec School Money.) UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT AND STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Appropriation; expenditure, ..1178, 1179 Scholarships, appointments to, 1181-1184 UNORGANIZED TOWNS AND GORES, School districts in, 1118-1138 (See School Districts: Unorgan- ised Places.) State school tax, duties of commis- sioner as to, 1093 Taking land in, for school purposes, 1110-1117 VACANCIES, Examiners of teachers, 925, 928, 929 Library commissioners, '. . . , .'1193 16 INDEX. VACANCIES, Continued, sec. Library trustees, 1208 Normal school commissioners, 946 Scholarships, appointment by sena- tors, 1184, 1188 School directors, 988 School district officers, 1123, 1130 Superintendent of education 914 Town officers, 932, 1066 Town superintendent of schools, . . . 932 Trustees of permanent school fund, 1077 VERMONT INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, Commitment of truants or disobedient scholars 1041 VILLAGES, Libraries 1211-1217 (See Libraries.) VOTERS, Disqualified to vote in town meet- ings, when, 980 Incorporated school districts, 1139 Unorganized towns and gores; eligi- bility decided how, 1127, 1135 Women may vote on school matters, when, 986 WARNINGS, sec. School district meetings; penalty, . . 1132-1134, 1136 WARRANTS, School district tax, 1149 Truants arrested without, 1036 WEEK, School, defined, 1024 WOMEN, ELIGIBLE TO OFFICE, school offices, generally, 986 town superintendent of schools, . . 986 Right to vote, 986 WORKSHOPS, Children, employment in, restricted, 1044, 1046 YEAR, School, defined, 1024 i 6ML0RD BROS. MAKERS SYRACUSE, - ** PAT. J* N ' ' ' YE 00838